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yesno | Is apremilast effective for psoriatic arthritis? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is effective for psoriatic arthritis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26220911",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27272887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26644232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27022911",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806620",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26923915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27486641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595547",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27747762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27836567",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25973439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23134988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22257911",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27307707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27168275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569359",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783350",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27538241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26660203",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24797159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26807876",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26792812"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26792812",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with psoriatic arthritis and current skin involvement: a phase III, randomised, controlled trial (PALACE 3)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26792812",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate apremilast treatment in patients with active psoriatic arthritis, including current skin involvement, despite prior therapy with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and/or biologic agents."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26792812",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1638,
"offsetInEndSection": 1835,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Apremilast demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis at week 16; sustained improvements were seen with continued treatment through 52 weeks. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783350",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "Apremilast: A Novel Drug for Treatment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783350",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of apremilast and determine its role relative to other agents in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783350",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1356,
"offsetInEndSection": 1495,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Apremilast has a novel mechanism of action and is safe and effective for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806620",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 160,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": " In particular, apremilast has been recently approved for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27538241",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, has an acceptable safety profile and is effective for treatment of plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27272887",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 399,
"text": "As part of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) single technology appraisal (STA) process, the manufacturer of apremilast was invited to submit evidence for its clinical and cost effectiveness for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) for whom disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been inadequately effective, not tolerated or contraindicated."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 84,
"offsetInEndSection": 331,
"text": "Psoriatic Arthritis Long-term Assessment of Clinical Efficacy 1 (PALACE 1) compared apremilast with placebo in patients with active psoriatic arthritis despite prior traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and/or biologic therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27486641",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 897,
"offsetInEndSection": 1095,
"text": "In patients with psoriatic arthritis, there are no clinical trials comparing apremilast with TNF alpha antagonists, and no interpretable trials of apremilast after failure of a TNF alpha antagonist."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 85,
"offsetInEndSection": 497,
"text": "Psoriatic Arthritis Long-term Assessment of Clinical Efficacy 1 (PALACE 1) compared apremilast with placebo in patients with active psoriatic arthritis despite prior traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and/or biologic therapy.In the 24-week, placebo-controlled phase of PALACE 1, patients (N=504) were randomised (1:1:1) to placebo, apremilast 20 mg twice a day (BID) or apremilast 30 mg BID"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1563,
"offsetInEndSection": 1816,
"text": "No imbalance in major adverse cardiac events, serious or opportunistic infections, malignancies or laboratory abnormalities was observed.Apremilast was effective in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, improving signs and symptoms and physical function"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23134988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 92,
"offsetInEndSection": 583,
"text": "Apremilast is a novel oral PDE4 enzyme inhibitor capable of blocking leukocyte production of IL-12, IL-23, TNF-a, INF- with subsequent suppression of Th1 and Th17-mediated immune responses, and proven clinical efficacy for psoriasis as well as rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis.Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease after 85 days of treatment with apremilast 20 mg twice daily in 8 patients with active discoid lupus"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633241",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 397,
"text": "The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the new treatments approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).FDA has approved three new drugs for PsA: Certolizumab-pegol: a PEGylated Fc-free tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi); ustekinumab: an anti interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 mAb; and apremilast and oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783350",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1149,
"offsetInEndSection": 1403,
"text": "In all trials, the drug had an acceptable safety profile, with the most common adverse effects of diarrhea, nausea, and headache.Apremilast has a novel mechanism of action and is safe and effective for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27307707",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 418,
"offsetInEndSection": 597,
"text": "Apremilast is a well-tolerated and effective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor that is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 85,
"offsetInEndSection": 498,
"text": "Psoriatic Arthritis Long-term Assessment of Clinical Efficacy 1 (PALACE 1) compared apremilast with placebo in patients with active psoriatic arthritis despite prior traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and/or biologic therapy.In the 24-week, placebo-controlled phase of PALACE 1, patients (N=504) were randomised (1:1:1) to placebo, apremilast 20 mg twice a day (BID) or apremilast 30 mg BID."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 756,
"offsetInEndSection": 961,
"text": "Newer drugs in the treatment armamentarium that have shown efficacy for both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis consist of the anti-IL-17 agent, secukinumab, and a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, apremilast."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783350",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 397,
"text": "To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of apremilast and determine its role relative to other agents in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.A PubMed search (1946 to December 2015) using the terms apremilast and CC-10004 was conducted to identify relevant articles.In vitro or in vivo evaluations of apremilast published in the English language were eligible for inclusion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27486641",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 903,
"offsetInEndSection": 1101,
"text": "In patients with psoriatic arthritis, there are no clinical trials comparing apremilast with TNF alpha antagonists, and no interpretable trials of apremilast after failure of a TNF alpha antagonist."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1563,
"offsetInEndSection": 1817,
"text": "No imbalance in major adverse cardiac events, serious or opportunistic infections, malignancies or laboratory abnormalities was observed.Apremilast was effective in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, improving signs and symptoms and physical function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23134988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 92,
"offsetInEndSection": 581,
"text": "Apremilast is a novel oral PDE4 enzyme inhibitor capable of blocking leukocyte production of IL-12, IL-23, TNF-a, INF- with subsequent suppression of Th1 and Th17-mediated immune responses, and proven clinical efficacy for psoriasis as well as rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis.Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease after 85 days of treatment with apremilast 20 mg twice daily in 8 patients with active discoid lupus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1700,
"offsetInEndSection": 1817,
"text": "Apremilast was effective in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, improving signs and symptoms and physical function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783350",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1282,
"offsetInEndSection": 1407,
"text": "Apremilast has a novel mechanism of action and is safe and effective for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25973439",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 250,
"text": "Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, demonstrated effectiveness (versus placebo) for treatment of active psoriatic arthritis in the psoriatic arthritis long-term assessment of clinical efficacy (PALACE) phase III clinical trial program."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 85,
"offsetInEndSection": 332,
"text": "Psoriatic Arthritis Long-term Assessment of Clinical Efficacy 1 (PALACE 1) compared apremilast with placebo in patients with active psoriatic arthritis despite prior traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and/or biologic therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26220911",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 59,
"text": "Apremilast: A Review in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827658",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Drug safety evaluation of apremilast for treating psoriatic arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503917",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 53,
"text": "Apremilast for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22257911",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Apremilast mechanism of action and application to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27747762",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Apremilast: A Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis."
}
]
| 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015535",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9008"
]
| [
{
"o": "APREMILAST",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1678805"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A15589751",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1678805"
},
{
"o": "apremilast",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A15589751"
}
]
| 5896e22078275d0c4a000014 | 1,393 |
yesno | Is nucleosome eviction ATP-dependent? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| Yes, nucleosome eviction and chromatin remodelling depends on ATP | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24068556",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24008565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23460895",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22177115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20513433",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933844",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19470761",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19029894",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17235287"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24068556",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 33,
"offsetInEndSection": 166,
"text": "ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and nucleosome-depleted 'barriers' co-operate to determine the kinetics of nucleosome organization"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24008565",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 99,
"offsetInEndSection": 275,
"text": "ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling factors endow chromatin with structural flexibility by promoting assembly or disruption of nucleosomes and the exchange of histone variants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23460895",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 948,
"offsetInEndSection": 1164,
"text": "remodeling takes place in an ATP-independent manner. Binding of distamycin to the linker and nucleosomal DNA culminates in eviction of the linker histone and the formation of a population of off-centered nucleosomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22177115",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 574,
"offsetInEndSection": 735,
"text": "which promotes histone deposition onto DNA, and a novel activity, which prevents nucleosome eviction but not remodeling mediated by the ATP-dependent RSC complex"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20513433",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 4,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF regulates transcription and has been implicated in promoter nucleosome eviction"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling enzyme involved in transcription, replication, and the DNA damage response"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1361,
"offsetInEndSection": 1430,
"text": "Iec1-Ino80 complex promotes transcription through nucleosome eviction"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 237,
"offsetInEndSection": 323,
"text": "Ino80 complex from fission yeast mediates ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling in vitro"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19470761",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 969,
"offsetInEndSection": 1153,
"text": "reconstitution of nucleosome disassembly using the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler Rsc and Vps75 revealed that these proteins can cooperate to remove H2A/H2B dimers from nucleosomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19029894",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "TP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes, such as RSC, can reposition, evict or restructure nucleosome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17235287",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "TP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes play a critical role in chromatin dynamics"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17235287",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 348,
"offsetInEndSection": 418,
"text": " activity of SWI/SNF to histone eviction in trans from gene promoters."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009707",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000255",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0000786",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006337"
]
| []
| 532ff558d6d3ac6a34000037 | 1,395 |
yesno | Is Rac1 involved in cancer cell invasion? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| A number of signalling pathways have been found to converge to and activate Rac1, which, in turn, activates a number of downstream targets to control actin-cytoskeleton rearrangements at membrane ruffles, as well as formation and activity of lamellipodia, to regulate the migratory processes leading to cell invasion. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23876400",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23382862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955285",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22161837",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23554696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21698524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21377450",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21281602",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20307526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20001211",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19684614",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17671188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280046"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23876400",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1012,
"offsetInEndSection": 1168,
"text": "In the Matrigel invasion assay, knockdown of CCR1 and inhibition of the ERK and Rac signaling pathways significantly decreased the number of invading cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23876400",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1415,
"offsetInEndSection": 1652,
"text": "These results demonstrated for the first time that the interaction of CCR1 with CCL5 caused by increased expression of CCR1 promotes invasion of PC3PR cells by increasing secretion of MMPs 2 and 9 and by activating ERK and Rac signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23382862",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 880,
"offsetInEndSection": 1111,
"text": "These data suggest that P-Rex1 has an influence on physiological migratory processes, such as invasion of cancer cells, both through effects upon classical Rac1-driven motility and a novel association with RTK signalling complexes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242308",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1012,
"offsetInEndSection": 1254,
"text": "Activated PAR1 induced RhoA and Rac1 phosphorylation, and subsequent overexpression of myosin IIA and filamin B which are stress fiber components that were identified by PMF analysis of peptide mass data obtained by MALDI-TOF/MS measurement. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242308",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1536,
"offsetInEndSection": 1785,
"text": "These results demonstrate that PAR1 activation induces cell morphological change associated with cell motility via Rho family activation and cytoskeletal protein overexpression, and has a critical role in gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955285",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 738,
"offsetInEndSection": 1033,
"text": "Rac1 was found to be required for actopaxin-induced matrix degradation whereas inhibition of myosin contractility promoted degradation in the phosphomutant-expressing Quint cells, indicating that a balance of Rho GTPase signaling and regulation of cellular tension are important for the process."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955285",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1498,
"offsetInEndSection": 1658,
"text": "Taken together, this study demonstrates a new role for actopaxin phosphorylation in matrix degradation and cell invasion via regulation of Rho GTPase signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745590",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "BART inhibits pancreatic cancer cell invasion by Rac1 inactivation through direct binding to active Rac1"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745590",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "We report that Binder of Arl Two (BART) plays a role in inhibiting cell invasion by regulating the activity of the Rho small guanosine triphosphatase protein Rac1 in pancreatic cancer cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745590",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 359,
"offsetInEndSection": 779,
"text": "BART interacts with active forms of Rac1, and the BART-Rac1 complex localizes at the leading edges of migrating cancer cells. Suppression of BART increases active Rac1, thereby increasing cell invasion. Treatment of pancreatic cancer cells in which BART is stably knocked down with a Rac1 inhibitor decreases invasiveness. Thus, BART-dependent inhibition of cell invasion is likely associated with decreased active Rac1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745590",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 947,
"offsetInEndSection": 1044,
"text": "The Rac1 inhibitor inhibits the lamellipodia formation that is stimulated by suppression of BART."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745590",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1045,
"offsetInEndSection": 1238,
"text": "Our results imply that BART regulates actin-cytoskeleton rearrangements at membrane ruffles through modulation of the activity of Rac1, which, in turn, inhibits pancreatic cancer cell invasion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22161837",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 821,
"offsetInEndSection": 1387,
"text": "It has been reported as an important inducer of cancer cell migration and invasion, with underlying molecular mechanisms involving the signalling mediated by its juxtamembrane domain, the secretion of matrix metalloproteases to the extracellular media, and the cleavage of a P-cadherin soluble form with pro-invasive activity. Intracellularly, this protein interferes with the endogenous cadherin/catenin complex, inducing p120-catenin delocalization to the cytoplasm, and the consequent activation of Rac1/Cdc42 and associated alterations in the actin cytoskeleton."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776386",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 185,
"offsetInEndSection": 365,
"text": "Targeted down-regulation of RhoC led to sustained activation of Rac1 GTPase and morphological, molecular and phenotypic changes reminiscent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776386",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 870,
"offsetInEndSection": 1061,
"text": "We also find that Rac1 GTPase mediates tight binding of prostate cancer cells to bone marrow endothelial cells and promotes retraction of endothelial cells required for tumor cell diapedesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776386",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1062,
"offsetInEndSection": 1191,
"text": "Finally, Rac1 leads to β1 integrin activation, suggesting a mechanism that Rac1 can mediate tight binding with endothelial cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776386",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1192,
"offsetInEndSection": 1318,
"text": "Together, our data suggest that Rac1 GTPase is key mediator of prostate cancer cell-bone marrow endothelial cell interactions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23554696",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 621,
"offsetInEndSection": 754,
"text": "Furthermore, expression of dominant-negative Rac1 (T17N) could largely block EGF-induced PI3K/Akt-PAK1 activation and cell migration."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23554696",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 985,
"offsetInEndSection": 1176,
"text": "Our study demonstrated that EGF-induced cell migration involves a cascade of signalling events, including activation of Rac1, generation of ROS and subsequent activation of PI3K/Akt and PAK1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21698524",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 234,
"text": "Small GTPase proteins, including RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, Rac1, and cdc42, are important molecules for linking cell shape and cell-cycle progression because of their role in both cytoskeletal arrangements and mitogenic signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21377450",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 496,
"offsetInEndSection": 650,
"text": "The suppression of MMP-2 expression by CTXG led to an inhibition of SW620 cells invasion and migration by inactivating Rac1 and Cdc42 but not RhoA GTPase."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21377450",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 744,
"offsetInEndSection": 950,
"text": "In conclusion, our data demonstrate that CTXG exerted anti-invasion action in SW620 cells by targeting MMP-2 though regulating the activities of Rac1, Cdc42 and their downstream transcriptional factor AP-1."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21281602",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "ctivation of H-Ras and Rac1 correlates with epidermal growth factor-induced invasion in Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21281602",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 211,
"offsetInEndSection": 363,
"text": "We have previously shown that H-Ras, but not N-Ras, induces an invasive phenotype mediated by small GTPase Rac1 in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21281602",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 990,
"offsetInEndSection": 1092,
"text": "Moreover, siRNA-knockdown of Rac1 significantly inhibited the EGF-induced invasiveness in these cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21281602",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1265,
"offsetInEndSection": 1507,
"text": "Our data demonstrate that the activation of H-Ras and the downstream molecule Rac1 correlates with EGF-induced breast cancer cell invasion, providing important information on the regulation of malignant progression in mammary carcinoma cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20307526",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 435,
"offsetInEndSection": 602,
"text": "At 50% growth-inhibiting concentration, icariin significantly suppressed tumor cells migration and invasion, which were traceable to down-regulation of Rac1 and VASP. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20307526",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1049,
"offsetInEndSection": 1222,
"text": "These results indicate that icariin exerts negative effects on tumor cell invasion and migration via the Rac1-dependent VASP pathway and may be a potential anti-cancer drug."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20001211",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 886,
"offsetInEndSection": 996,
"text": "RhoGDI2 modulates the invasiveness and metastatic ability of cancer cells through regulation of Rac1 activity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19684614",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 772,
"offsetInEndSection": 967,
"text": "We also showed that GBM cells secrete Sema3A endogenously, and RNA interference-mediated downregulation of Sema3A inhibits migration and alters cell morphology that is dependent on Rac1 activity."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17671188",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "LMO1 and Dock180, a bipartite Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, promote human glioma cell invasion"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17671188",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 588,
"text": "Here, we report for the first time that engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) and dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (Dock180), a bipartite Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), are evidently linked to the invasive phenotype of glioma cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17671188",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 937,
"offsetInEndSection": 1118,
"text": "Inhibition of endogenous ELMO1 and Dock180 expression significantly impeded glioma cell invasion in vitro and in brain tissue slices with a concomitant reduction in Rac1 activation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280046",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 199,
"offsetInEndSection": 562,
"text": "Members of the Rac family of small GTPases are known to act as regulators of actin cytoskeletal structures and strongly influence the cellular processes of integrin-mediated adhesion and migration. Even though hyperactivated Rac proteins have been shown to influence metastatic processes, these proteins have never been directly linked to metastatic progression. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280046",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1349,
"offsetInEndSection": 1554,
"text": "We show that increased activation of Rac proteins directly correlates with increasing metastatic potential in a panel of cell variants derived from a single metastatic breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-435)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280046",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1617,
"offsetInEndSection": 1729,
"text": "Expression of a dominant active Rac1 or a dominant active Rac3 resulted in a more invasive and motile phenotype."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280046",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1730,
"offsetInEndSection": 1901,
"text": "Moreover, expression of either dominant negative Rac1 or dominant negative Rac3 into the most metastatic cell variant resulted in decreased invasive and motile properties."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280046",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1914,
"offsetInEndSection": 2209,
"text": "This study correlates endogenous Rac activity with high metastatic potential and implicates Rac in the regulation of cell migration and invasion in metastatic breast cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest a role for both the Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases in human breast cancer progression."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020830",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009361",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009369",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAC1_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ACT1_ORYSJ"
]
| []
| 5319abc9b166e2b80600002d | 1,397 |
yesno | Has Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) been reported to be a plasminogen receptor in pathogenic bacteria? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been reported to be a plasminogen receptor in many pathogenic bacteria.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28011643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15039372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17449317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25666684"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28011643",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 177,
"offsetInEndSection": 508,
"text": " binding of plasminogen (Plg) to bacterial surfaces, as it has been shown that this interaction contributes to bacterial adhesion to host cells, invasion of host tissues, and evasion of the immune system. Several bacterial proteins are known to serve as receptors for Plg including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25666684",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 379,
"offsetInEndSection": 556,
"text": "Moreover, several isoforms of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and galectin (GAL) were identified in both antigenic extracts as plasminogen-binding proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17449317",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1230,
"offsetInEndSection": 1339,
"text": "Purified GAPDH was found to bind human plasminogen and fibrinogen in Far-Western blot and ELISA-based assays."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15039372",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 352,
"offsetInEndSection": 446,
"text": "GAPDH exhibits a high affinity for plasmin and a significantly lower affinity for plasminogen."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25666684",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 538,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "Moreover, several isoforms of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and galectin (GAL) were identified in both antigenic extracts as plasminogen-binding proteins. "
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c57031107647bbc4b000014 | 1,398 |
yesno | Is Propofol used for short-term sedation? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes. Propofol is the most frequently used sedating agent for patients with expected duration of ICU admission less than 24 hours. There are numerous studies of its efficacy and comparisons with other sedatives.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589243",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448211",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19189080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19046459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15960715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15959548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15891317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12500519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12392590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11575340",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10853884",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10757567",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10502909",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10150552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1636917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2212256",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23155249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22991132"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577917",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 144,
"offsetInEndSection": 263,
"text": "The current study explores the incidence and content of dreaming during short-term sedation with sevoflurane or propofo"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21257635",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1060,
"offsetInEndSection": 1241,
"text": "Propofol is the sedative most frequently used for short-term sedation and the weaning phase, whereas benzodiazepines are the preferred substances for medium- and long-term sedation."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589243",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Performance of the A-line Autoregressive Index (AAI) and of the Bispectral Index (BIS) at assessing depth of short-term sedation following cardiac surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589243",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 275,
"offsetInEndSection": 352,
"text": "All patients received sedation with propofol according to the study protocol."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448211",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1881,
"offsetInEndSection": 2004,
"text": "Short-term sedation with either sevoflurane using ACD or propofol did not negatively affect renal function postoperatively."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19189080",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "Assessing feasibility and physiological effects of sedation with sevoflurane, administered with the anesthetic conserving device (AnaConDa), in comparison with propofol and remifentanil."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19189080",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 964,
"offsetInEndSection": 1086,
"text": "Sevoflurane can be effectively and safely used for short-term sedation of ICU patients with stable hemodynamic conditions."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741692",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 754,
"offsetInEndSection": 855,
"text": "Propofol was used for most of the patients during short-term sedation (57%) and during weaning (48%)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15960715",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Effects of short-term propofol administration on pancreatic enzymes and triglyceride levels in children."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15960715",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 208,
"text": "This prospective, clinical trial evaluated the effects of short-term propofol administration on triglyceride levels and serum pancreatic enzymes in children undergoing sedation for magnetic resonance imaging."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15959548",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "Dexmedetomidine vs. propofol for short-term sedation of postoperative mechanically ventilated patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15959548",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 76,
"offsetInEndSection": 299,
"text": "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and endocrine response of propofol vs. the new alpha2-agonist dexmedetomidine for sedation in surgical intensive care patients who need postoperative short-term ventilation."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15891317",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 504,
"offsetInEndSection": 685,
"text": "A total of 89 adult, nonemergent, coronary artery bypass graft patients with an expected length of intubation of <24 hrs. METHODS: Patients were randomized to either DEX or propofol"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12500519",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 499,
"offsetInEndSection": 661,
"text": "The majority of practitioners (82%) use propofol infusion in children in PICU, the main indication being for short-term sedation in children requiring procedures."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12392590",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "Pharmacokinetics and effects of propofol 6% for short-term sedation in paediatric patients following cardiac surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12392590",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "This paper describes the pharmacokinetics and effects of propofol in short-term sedated paediatric patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11575340",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 194,
"offsetInEndSection": 418,
"text": "Twenty patients who were expected to require 8 h of post-operative sedation and ventilation were allocated randomly to receive either an infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.2-2.5 microg kg(-1) h(-1) or propofol 1-3 mg kg(-1) h(-1)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10853884",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol 6% SAZN versus propofol 1% SAZN and Diprivan-10 for short-term sedation following coronary artery bypass surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10853884",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 217,
"offsetInEndSection": 723,
"text": "The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety characteristics of propofol 6% SAZN were investigated during a short-term infusion and compared with the commercially available product propofol 1% in Intralipid 10% (Diprivan-10) and propofol 1% in Lipofundin MCT/LCT 10% (propofol 1% SAZN). METHODS: In a randomised double-blind study, 24 male patients received a 5-h infusion of propofol at the rate of 1 mg/kg/h for sedation in the immediate postoperative period following coronary artery bypass surgery"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10757567",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1210,
"offsetInEndSection": 1702,
"text": "Propofol infusion and oxycodone-thiopental bolus dosages, titrated to the same sedation end point, resulted in similar time from admission to extubation, although the weaning period was shorter in the propofol group. In terms of breathing pattern, gas exchange, blood gases and haemodynamics, the methods were similar. Propofol, despite its attractive pharmacological profile, may offer no clinical benefit in short-term sedation after a moderate dose fentanyl anaesthesia in cardiac surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10502909",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "Postoperative short-term sedation with propofol in cardiac surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10502909",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 173,
"text": "We conducted a randomized double-blind study to assess the safety and effectiveness of short-term sedation with propofol in adult patients immediately after cardiac surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10150552",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 828,
"offsetInEndSection": 1049,
"text": "The use of propofol for short-term sedation in ICUs has allowed the maintenance of sedation to continue until just a few hours before extubation but the benefits of propofol for longer-term indications are more debatable."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1636917",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 363,
"offsetInEndSection": 470,
"text": "Midazolam and propofol are available as hypnotics for short-term sedation during the post-operative period."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2212256",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "The use of midazolam versus propofol for short-term sedation following coronary artery bypass grafting."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2212256",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "Midazolam and propofol were compared in an open randomized study for postoperative sedation during 12 h of mechanical ventilation in 40 patients following coronary artery bypass grafting"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23155249",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 183,
"offsetInEndSection": 288,
"text": "Propofol is a known anesthetic agent, widely used for short-term anesthesia and for longer-term sedation."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22991132",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 811,
"offsetInEndSection": 1014,
"text": "Propofol was the most commonly used agent overall during the observational period (primarily for short-term and intermediate-length sedation); midazolam was the most commonly used for long-term sedation."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015742",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4277106",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016292"
]
| null | 515d9a42298dcd4e5100000d | 1,400 |
yesno | Are thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 mutations implicated in thyroid hormone resistance syndrome? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| The lack of TR alpha1 exacerbates the manifestation of RTH in TR betaPV mice. Therefore, TR alpha1 could play a compensatory role in mediating the functions of T3 in heterozygous patients with RTH | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23633213",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17906375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12356724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8475937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15913586",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8115332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8384535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7711514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8594618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860414",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7913092",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15988389",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17040361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9350446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8068885",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8954015"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23633213",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1376,
"offsetInEndSection": 1525,
"text": "This study reports the consequences of LT4 treatment over a prolonged period of time in 2 of the first patients with a heterozygous mutation in TRα1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750454",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 716,
"offsetInEndSection": 937,
"text": "Here we show that the dysregulation of the pituitary-thyroid axis was worsened by the lack of TR alpha1 in TR betaPV mice, and severe impairment of postnatal growth was manifested in TR betaPV mice deficient in TR alpha1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12356724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 399,
"offsetInEndSection": 556,
"text": "Heterozygous 2- to 3-week- old mice exhibit a severe retardation of post-natal development and growth, but only a minor reduction in serum thyroxine levels. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12356724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 969,
"offsetInEndSection": 1171,
"text": "The data demonstrate a novel array of effects mediated by a dominant negative TRalpha1, and may provide important clues for identification of a potentially unrecognized human disorder and its treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17906375",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 832,
"offsetInEndSection": 1049,
"text": "No mutations in DNA- and hormone-binding-domains of TRbeta1 and TRalpha1 genes were found in proband, suggesting that the defect could be due to an unknown mutation in either the TR gene or a post receptor abnormality"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750454",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1056,
"offsetInEndSection": 1285,
"text": "These results demonstrate that the lack of TR alpha1 exacerbates the manifestation of RTH in TR betaPV mice. Therefore, TR alpha1 could play a compensatory role in mediating the functions of T3 in heterozygous patients with RTH. "
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018382",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011988",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D037021",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11633",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THAA_PAROL"
]
| []
| 52f7c4bd2059c6d71c00002d | 1,401 |
yesno | Is Baricitinib effective for Alopecia Areata? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes. In two phase 3 trials involving patients with severe alopecia areata, oral baricitinib was superior to placebo with respect to hair regrowth at 36 weeks.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35334197",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35330989"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35330989",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 617,
"text": "Thus far, it has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, an increasing number of studies have suggested that baricitinib can be used to treat dermatological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35330989",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 744,
"offsetInEndSection": 979,
"text": "We reviewed the application, efficacy, side effects, precautions, limitations and prospect of baricitinib in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo and alopecia areata (AA) in recent 5 years including clinical trials and case reports. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35334197",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 54,
"text": "Two Phase 3 Trials of Baricitinib for Alopecia Areata."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35334197",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1870,
"offsetInEndSection": 2037,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: In two phase 3 trials involving patients with severe alopecia areata, oral baricitinib was superior to placebo with respect to hair regrowth at 36 weeks. "
}
]
| 12 | BioASQ-training12b | null | null | 63f043e4f36125a426000023 | 1,402 |
yesno | Are there plasma membrane receptors for thyroid hormones? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| Receptors for thyroid hormones are present on plasma membrane of cells; in particular thyroid hormones bind integrin that is a heterodimeric component of plasma membrane | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24113777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926648",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23137442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23021374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22986150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22945636",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22414628",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20658515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19755667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18329679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17983645",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17570630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8936679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6312037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11117200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6290538",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12165107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/169249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1747413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2534509",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6093898",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/227209"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943159",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "ntegrins are heterodimeric structural components of the plasma membrane whose ligands include a large number of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943159",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 405,
"offsetInEndSection": 660,
"text": "Recently, integrin αvβ3 has been shown to have a panel of previously unappreciated small molecule receptor sites for thyroid hormone and hormone analogues, for dihydrotestosterone, and for resveratrol, a polyphenol that has certain estrogen-like features."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23137442",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1541,
"offsetInEndSection": 1666,
"text": "The integrin receptor activation by T4 may take a role in plasma membrane processes involved in the male reproductive system."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22414628",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 665,
"offsetInEndSection": 839,
"text": "Rapid signaling via this plasma membrane binding site appears to be responsible for many nongenomic effects of thyroid hormones, independent of the classic nuclear receptors."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011988",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D037021",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D037042",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011989",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056921",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005886",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002462",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0070324",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016020"
]
| []
| 532c169ed6d3ac6a3400001f | 1,403 |
yesno | Is ACE2 expressed on cell surfaces? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes,\nACE2 is a type 1 integral membrane protein and contains a catalytically active ectodomain that can be shed from the cell surface into the extracellular space.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27889958",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28116710"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27889958",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 729,
"offsetInEndSection": 836,
"text": " Recent studies reported that shedding of the enzymatically active ectodomain of ACE2 from the cell surface"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28116710",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 220,
"offsetInEndSection": 378,
"text": "ACE2 is a type 1 integral membrane protein and contains a catalytically active ectodomain that can be shed from the cell surface into the extracellular space,"
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e806ff7835f4e4777000027 | 1,404 |
yesno | Is transdermal glyceryl trinitrate effective for stroke? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No. Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate is not effective for stroke treatment.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37290930",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30738649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37564156"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37290930",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1690,
"offsetInEndSection": 1942,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: In patients who had an ischaemic stroke, ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital trials."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37564156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Background: The Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl Trinitrate in Hypertensive Stroke Trial-2 (RIGHT-2) reported no overall treatment difference between glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and sham at day 90. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37564156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1452,
"offsetInEndSection": 1595,
"text": "Conclusion: At 1 year post randomisation, dependency did not differ between GTN and sham treatment in either the target population or overall. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30738649",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2858,
"offsetInEndSection": 2995,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: Prehospital treatment with transdermal GTN does not seem to improve functional outcome in patients with presumed stroke. "
}
]
| 13 | BioASQ-training13b | null | null | 65d136081930410b1300003a | 1,405 |
yesno | Does an antiphlogistic promotes inflammation? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['Antiinflammatory agents: new series of N-substituted amino acids with complex pyrimidine structures endowed with antiphlogistic activity.', 'An antiphlogistic drug counteracts inflammation'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16756015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9595260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/125891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28208246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8254024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10321035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2806531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7286205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17704978"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16756015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 464,
"text": "The therapeutic effect of olipiphate was demonstrated for chronic inflammation of advanced arthritis and concanavalin A-related acute edema. The best systemic effect was obtained with 50 mg/kg, symptomatic--100 mg/kg. Skin wounds treated with 5% olipiphate (26 + 2) healed faster than those treated with 2% solcoseryl (30 + 0.8) or in control (33 + 0.6). It was shown histologically that the proliferative and antiphlogistic effect of olipiphate involved no scars."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17704978",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 333,
"offsetInEndSection": 558,
"text": "Moreover, we observed an in vitro-inhibition of human neutrophil elastase, a protease involved in the inflammatory process, by extracts and fractions from yarrow, which suggests additional mechanisms of antiphlogistic action."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/125891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 788,
"offsetInEndSection": 1076,
"text": "Blood 5-HT in adrenalectomized rats with inflammationadrenalectomized rats 42 days and 3 months old with inflammation after injection of phenylbutazone an increase of 5-HT was observed, but in 18-month-old animals in which antiphlogistic action is highest a decrease of 5-HT was observed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8254024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1385,
"offsetInEndSection": 1559,
"text": "These results indicate that methotrexate is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, the antiphlogistic action of which is due to increased adenosine release at inflamed sites."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9595260",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 224,
"text": "The antiphlogistic Ibuprofen incorporated in liposomes caused a decrease of the inflammatory edema induced by Carrageenan in the distal part of the rat's hind leg after both the intramuscular and percutaneous administration."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7286205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 440,
"offsetInEndSection": 622,
"text": "Enhancement of the immunoreactivity inhibition caused by the drugs was not proportional to the increase in their antiphlogistic effects determined by the Selye model of inflammation."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10321035",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "Antiinflammatory agents: new series of N-substituted amino acids with complex pyrimidine structures endowed with antiphlogistic activity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972949",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 875,
"offsetInEndSection": 1031,
"text": " investigate whether the antiphlogistic ingredient may suppress the inflammatory response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the SPF was determined in vivo. F"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2806531",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 402,
"offsetInEndSection": 502,
"text": "Antiphlogistics were found to enhance the membrane viscosity both in control and under inflammation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972949",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1595,
"offsetInEndSection": 1954,
"text": "e in vivo determination of the SPF. Evidence of anti-inflammatory activity of the sunscreen antiphlogistics bisabolol and panthenol was also not apparent in the UV model over a time course of 48 h. Conlusion: The antiphlogistic ingredients panthenol and bisabolol incorporated in the tested sunscreen formula do not interfere with erythema reddening and thus "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972949",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 846,
"offsetInEndSection": 1002,
"text": "nts was analyzed in vitro. To investigate whether the antiphlogistic ingredient may suppress the inflammatory response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28208246",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 234,
"offsetInEndSection": 486,
"text": "The aim of this study was to analyze the formation of the most relevant inflammation mediators including proteins and lipids in human fibroblasts upon inflammatory stimulation and subsequent treatment with dexamethasone, a powerful antiphlogistic drug."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601c18921cb411341a00000f | 1,406 |
yesno | Is there a relationship between junctin and ryanodine receptors? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| Yes, junctin binds to ryanodine receptors within the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of calcium release units, and normally acts as an activator of RyR channels at low luminal [Ca(2+)], and as an inhibitor at high luminal [Ca(2+)]. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22025663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19230141",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11162129"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22025663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "Junctin, a 26 kDa intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) protein, forms a quaternary complex with triadin, calsequestrin and the ryanodine receptor (RyR) at the junctional SR membrane. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22025663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 769,
"offsetInEndSection": 919,
"text": "Junctin ablation appears to affect how RyRs 'sense' SR Ca(2+) load, resulting in decreased diastolic SR Ca(2+) leak despite an elevated [Ca(2+)](SR). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22025663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1120,
"offsetInEndSection": 1804,
"text": "Single channel recordings of RyRs from WT and JCN-KO cardiac SR indicate that the absence of junctin produces a dual effect on the normally linear response of RyRs to luminal [Ca(2+)]: at low luminal [Ca(2+)] (<1 mmol l(-1)), junctin-devoid RyR channels are less responsive to luminal [Ca(2+)]; conversely, high luminal [Ca(2+)] turns them hypersensitive to this form of channel modulation. Thus, junctin produces complex effects on Ca(2+) sparks, transients, and leak, but the luminal [Ca(2+)]-dependent dual response of junctin-devoid RyRs demonstrates that junctin normally acts as an activator of RyR channels at low luminal [Ca(2+)], and as an inhibitor at high luminal [Ca(2+)]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398037",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 287,
"text": "Normal Ca(2+) signalling in skeletal muscle depends on the membrane associated proteins triadin and junctin and their ability to mediate functional interactions between the Ca(2+) binding protein calsequestrin and the type 1 ryanodine receptor in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398037",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 612,
"offsetInEndSection": 1212,
"text": "We show here that purified skeletal ryanodine receptors are similarly activated by purified triadin or purified junctin added to their luminal side, although a lack of competition indicated that the proteins act at independent sites. Surprisingly, triadin and junctin differed markedly in their ability to transmit information between skeletal calsequestrin and ryanodine receptors. Purified calsequestrin inhibited junctin/triadin-associated, or junctin-associated, ryanodine receptors and the calsequestrin re-associated channel complexes were further inhibited when luminal Ca(2+) fell from 1mM to"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257462",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 604,
"offsetInEndSection": 797,
"text": "By fusing GCaMP6f to the N-terminus of triadin 1 or junctin, GCaMP6f-T/J was targeted to dyadic junctions, where it colocalized with t-tubules and RyRs after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 180,
"offsetInEndSection": 532,
"text": "The junctional face of the jSR, facing the transverse tubules, is occupied by a molecular complex composed of the transmembrane Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors); the luminal protein calsequestrin (CSQ); the 2 membrane proteins, junctin (Jct), and triadin (Tr), which mediate CSQ-ryanodine receptor interactions; and several other components."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19230141",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 161,
"offsetInEndSection": 581,
"text": "Calsequestrin, the main calcium buffer in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, provides a pool of calcium for release through the ryanodine receptor and acts as a luminal calcium sensor for the channel via its interactions with triadin and junctin. We examined the influence of phosphorylation of calsequestrin on its ability to store calcium, to polymerise and to regulate ryanodine receptors by binding to triadin and junctin. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11162129",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "Junctin is a 26 kDa membrane protein that binds to calsequestrin, triadin, and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) within the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of calcium release units. "
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019837",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR1_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR1_PIG",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR1_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR1_RABIT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR2_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR2_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR2_RABIT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR2_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR3_RABIT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR3_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR3_MOUSE",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005219"
]
| [
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},
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{
"o": "Calsequestrin binding protein, rabbit",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8400276"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8400589",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1454076"
},
{
"o": "Proteins, Membrane-Associated",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0106681"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8400589",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1454076"
},
{
"o": "Proteins, Membrane",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17878805"
},
{
"o": "Membrane Protein",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7572056"
},
{
"o": "Membrane Associated Proteins",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17975235"
},
{
"o": "membrane protein",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0483564"
},
{
"o": "membrane proteins",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1395117"
},
{
"o": "Membrane proteins",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0434758"
},
{
"o": "Surface Proteins",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121434"
},
{
"o": "Membrane-Associated Proteins",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17999026"
},
{
"o": "Membrane Proteins",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0084559"
},
{
"o": "Membrane Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient]",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17950981"
},
{
"o": "Junctin protein, Oryctolagus cuniculus",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8400589"
}
]
| 52b2f3b74003448f5500000c | 1,409 |
yesno | Is the PINES framework being used for the prediction of coding variants? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No. PINES (Phenotype-Informed Noncoding Element Scoring) predicts the functional impact of noncoding variants by integrating epigenetic annotations in a phenotype-dependent manner. PINES enables analyses to be customized towards genomic annotations from cell types of the highest relevance given the phenotype of interest.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359302"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359302",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "PINES: phenotype-informed tissue weighting improves prediction of pathogenic noncoding variants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 126,
"offsetInEndSection": 722,
"text": "Here, we introduce the computational framework PINES (Phenotype-Informed Noncoding Element Scoring), which predicts the functional impact of noncoding variants by integrating epigenetic annotations in a phenotype-dependent manner. PINES enables analyses to be customized towards genomic annotations from cell types of the highest relevance given the phenotype of interest. We illustrate that PINES identifies functional noncoding variation more accurately than methods that do not use phenotype-weighted knowledge, while at the same time being flexible and easy to use via a dedicated web portal."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 126,
"offsetInEndSection": 356,
"text": "Here, we introduce the computational framework PINES (Phenotype-Informed Noncoding Element Scoring), which predicts the functional impact of noncoding variants by integrating epigenetic annotations in a phenotype-dependent manner."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 499,
"offsetInEndSection": 726,
"text": "We illustrate that PINES identifies functional noncoding variation more accurately than methods that do not use phenotype-weighted knowledge, while at the same time being flexible and easy to use via a dedicated web portal.<br>"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30359302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 357,
"offsetInEndSection": 498,
"text": "PINES enables analyses to be customized towards genomic annotations from cell types of the highest relevance given the phenotype of interest."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c58447f07647bbc4b000021 | 1,410 |
yesno | Is erabutoxin b usually found in plants? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['Erabutoxin b is a short-chain neurotoxic peptide purified from the venom of the sea snake Laticauda semifasciata.', 'No, erabutoxin b is not found in plants, it is a transmembrane toxin'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6279398",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7526378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5964959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4076189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1067597",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8027999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17710455",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4664580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7407041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2514275"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7526378",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "The variants are the curaremimetic toxin alpha from Naja nigricollis and erabutoxin a or b from Laticauda semifasciata"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8027999",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "The three-dimensional structure of erabutoxin b, a short-chain neurotoxic peptide purified from the venom of the sea snake Laticauda semifasciata, "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6279398",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 312,
"text": "THe characteristic feature of the crystal structure of erabutoxin b, a short neurotoxin from Laticauda semifasciata, and alpha-cobratoxin, a long neurotoxin from Naja naja siamensis, is the presence of a triple-stranded antiparallel pleated beta-sheet structure formed by the central and the third peptide loops."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17710455",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 370,
"text": "Here we examine the actions of six snake neurotoxins (alpha-cobratoxin from Naja naja siamensis, erabutoxin-a and b from Laticauda semifasciata; CM12 from N. haje annulifera, toxin III 4 from Notechis scutatus and a long toxin from N. haje) on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the cercal afferent, giant interneuron 2 synapse of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7407041",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 334,
"offsetInEndSection": 513,
"text": "The method was applied to a study of erabutoxin b molecule, a neurotoxic protein from a sea snake, to analyze the microenvironments of its single tryptophan and tyrosine residues."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2514275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 642,
"offsetInEndSection": 810,
"text": "The area of greatest similarity centered on residue position 25 of erabutoxin b, a locale that is conserved throughout the snake alpha-neurotoxins and their homologues."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2514275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 308,
"offsetInEndSection": 641,
"text": "A systematic computer search of the three-dimensional structure of erabutoxin b (an alpha-neurotoxin from the false sea snake Laticauda semifasciata) was performed to identify the locality that most closely matched the amino acid compositions of the smaller alpha-conotoxins (from the marine snails Conus magus and Conus geographus)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1067597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 183,
"offsetInEndSection": 346,
"text": "Erabutoxin b is one of a family of snake venom neurotoxins, all low-molecular-weight proteins, which block neuromuscular transmission at the postsynaptic membrane."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422738",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Erabutoxins a and b are neurotoxins isolated from venom of a sea snake Laticauda semifasciata (erabu-umihebi)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1067597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 182,
"text": "The three-dimensional structure of erabutoxin b, a neurotoxin in the venom of the sea snake Laticauda semifasciata, has been determined from a 2.75 A resolution electron density map."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4664580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "Erabutoxin c, a minor neurotoxic component of the venom of a sea snake Laticauda semifasciata, was isolated in pure form by repeated column chromatography on CM-cellulose columns."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4076189",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 190,
"offsetInEndSection": 395,
"text": "The study has established complete structural identity of the two sea-snake venom toxins, erabutoxin b and neurotoxin b, isolated from Laticauda semifasciata snakes taken in different Pacific Ocean waters."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5964959",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Studies on sea-snake venoms. Crystallization of erabutoxins a and b from Laticauda semifasciata venom."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 603bc16b1cb411341a000158 | 1,411 |
yesno | Are FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['FOLFIRINOX plus bevacizumab is a promising treatment option for left-sided RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer (mCRC) with an aggressive clinical presentation. A recent subgroup analysis of the TRIBE trial suggested that FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab may be a preferred option for the first-line treatment of only right-sided mCRC, regardless of RAS or BRAF status. However, our subanalysis of a phase II trial of the FOLFOXIRI triplet regimen plus bevacizumab in patients with mCRC who had RAS mutant tumors showed that tumor shrinkage was better and the duration of treatment was longer in patients with left-sided tumors than in those with right-sided tumors, leading to a higher rate of conversion to surgery in mCRC patients with left-sided tumors. The', 'Based on recent studies, FOLFIRINOX plus bevacizumab may be considered a preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation. These studies have shown that FOLFIRINOX plus bevacizumab can lead to better tumor shrinkage, longer treatment duration, and a higher rate of conversion to surgery in patients with left-sided tumors. However, treatment decisions should be individualized and take into account factors such as patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, and potential side effects of the treatment.', 'Yes, FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab is the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation.', "The text does not explicitly state that FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab is the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with an aggressive clinical presentation. However, it does suggest that FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab could be a valuable option for patients with left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC, providing similar or better outcomes compared to doublet chemotherapy plus anti-EGFRs, but at the cost of increased toxicity. The decision to adopt this treatment approach should consider patients' preferences and potential impact on quality of life. Further research may be needed to establish FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab as the preferred therapy for specific subsets of colorectal cancer patients, such as those with aggressive clinical presentation.", 'Based on the analysis from the trials mentioned (Valentino, TRIBE, TRIBE2, STEAM, and CHARTA), FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab is indeed a valuable option for left-sided RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer, especially in aggressive cases. It provides comparable, if not superior, survival outcomes to FOLFOX-panitumumab, with a moderate increase in toxicity. This makes it a strong alternative, particularly when considering patient preference and quality of life impacts', 'FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab is not explicitly stated as the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation.\n\nCurrent guidelines recommend FOLFIRINOX (combination of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) as a first-line treatment option for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) without contraindications. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is also recommended in combination with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of mCRC.\n\nHowever, the specific combination of FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation is not explicitly mentioned in the guidelines. The decision should be individualized based on patient characteristics, comorbidities, and preferences.\n\nIt is important to consult the most recent guidelines and seek the advice of a medical oncologist for the most appropriate treatment plan.', 'FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab is a preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer with an aggressive clinical presentation. According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab resulted in a median overall survival of 38.3 months for patients with left-sided RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, compared to 28.0 months for those treated with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness analysis showed that treatment with FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab in Chinese patients with left-sided RAS wild-type mCRC may improve health outcomes and use financial resources more efficiently than FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab. However, it is important to note that the choice', "The choice of treatment regimen for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) depends on various factors, including tumor location, RAS mutation status, and the patient's clinical presentation. For left-sided mCRC with wild-type RAS, FOLFIRINOX plus bevacizumab is a promising option for patients with aggressive clinical presentations. The TRIBE study showed that FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in mCRC patients, regardless of RAS mutation status. However, the toxicity profile of FOLFOXIRI is more significant than that of FOLFIRI, which may impact the patient's quality of life. Therefore, it is essential to consider the patient's preferences and potential impact on quality of life when choosing a treatment regimen. For left-sided mCRC with wild-type RAS, FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab may be a preferred option due to its superior efficacy, but it is essential to weigh the benefits against the potential drawbacks and consider alternative options, such as FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab or FOLFOX plus panitumumab. Ultimately, the choice of treatment regimen should be individualized based on the patient's clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, and preferences.", 'no, FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab is not the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation. The preferred treatment remains doublet chemotherapy plus anti-EGFRs. However, FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab is a valuable option that can provide similar or potentially better outcomes, albeit with a moderate increase in toxicity. This treatment may be chosen based on patient preference and potential impacts on quality of life.', 'FOLFIRINOX plus bevacizumab is an option but without superior results in comparison to FOLFOX plus panitumumab for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer patients', 'Yes, FOLCI3-203 (folv3) and Bevacis3ab are often used in combination with other therapies to manage advanced colorec0al cancer, including left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorec0al cancer with aggressive clinical presentation. Folic3-203 is a synthetic folic acid derivative with unique properties that make it useful as a therapeutic agent for various types of cancer. It is particularly effective at inhibitors of DNA separation and chromosome segregation, which can be important for treating left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorec0al cancer. ', 'Yes, the regimen including FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab can be considered as a treatment option for patients with left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation.', 'FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab may be a preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation', 'No, FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab is not the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation.', "According to a study called FIRE-3, FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab may be a preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation. However, the decision to use this treatment should be made on a case-by-case basis in consultation with a healthcare provider, as individual responses to treatment can vary, and other factors such as the patient's overall health and preferences should also be considered.", "The study suggests that FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab is a valuable option for patients with left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC, providing similar, if not better, outcomes compared to doublet chemotherapy plus anti-EGFRs. However, it is associated with a moderate increase in toxicity. Therefore, it may be adopted based on patients' preference and potential impact on quality of life. It is not specified if it is the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation.", 'No, doublet chemotherapy plus anti-EGFRs remains the preferred treatment in patients with left-sided RAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation.', 'Yes, FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab are the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation.', 'FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab might be the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation but more research is needed to determine this.', "No. Although doublet chemotherapy plus anti-EGFRs remains the preferred treatment in patients with left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC, FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab is a valuable option able to provide similar, if not better, outcomes at the price of a moderate increase in toxicity and may be adopted based on patients' preference and potential impact on quality of life.", 'Based on the available evidence from randomized trials and propensity score-based analyses, FOLFOXIRI plus Bevacizumab is a viable treatment option for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation. While doublet chemotherapy combined with anti-EGFRs remains the preferred first-line therapy due to its favorable safety profile and comparable efficacy, FOLFOXIRI plus Bevacizumab may offer improved survival outcomes at the cost of increased toxicity. The choice between these treatment options should be individualized, taking into account patient preferences, potential impact on quality of life, and a thorough risk-benefit assessment.', '* The study suggests that FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab may be the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation.\n* However, this should be validated by further clinical trials.', "Based on the current evidence, FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab is not the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation. The preferred treatment in this scenario is doublet chemotherapy plus anti-EGFR agents. However, FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab can be considered as a valuable option, although it may be associated with a moderate increase in toxicity. The choice of therapy should be based on patients' preference and potential impact on quality of life.", 'No. For left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation FOLFOXIRI plus Bevacizumab is preferred.', "As of my training data, the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation is FOLFOXIRI (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and folinic acid) plus bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor). This treatment regimen has shown superior progression-free survival and overall survival compared to FOLFOX (oxaliplatin and folinic acid) or XELOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) alone in clinical trials. However, the decision to use FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab should be made on a case-by-case basis by a healthcare provider, taking into account the patient's individual characteristics and preferences, as well as potential side effects and toxicities associated with this treatment.", 'No, FOLFIRINOX plus Bevacizumab is not the preferred therapy for left-sided RAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer with aggressive clinical presentation. The context provided only compares FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab with FOLFOX-panitumumab in five randomized trials, and a propensity score-based analysis was performed.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32704062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32107929",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37483589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34771635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30595807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33539032",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36729351",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29873679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25012455"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 500,
"offsetInEndSection": 809,
"text": "We selected patients with left-sided RAS and BRAF wild-type mCRC treated with first-line FOLFOX-panitumumab or FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab in five randomized trials: Valentino, TRIBE, TRIBE2, STEAM, and CHARTA. A propensity score-based analysis was performed to compare FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab with FOLFOX-panitumumab"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2089,
"offsetInEndSection": 2232,
"text": "No significant differences were observed, but FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab achieved numerically superior survival outcomes versus FOLFOX-panitumumab. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2323,
"offsetInEndSection": 2714,
"text": "These observations suggest that although doublet chemotherapy plus anti-EGFRs remains the preferred treatment in patients with left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC, FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab is a valuable option able to provide similar, if not better, outcomes at the price of a moderate increase in toxicity and may be adopted based on patients' preference and potential impact on quality of life"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32704062",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 46,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "nts of RAS wild-type left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains controversial, and few studies focus on the"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32107929",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 420,
"text": "survival of patients with final RAS wild-type (WT) left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) by 38.3 months after treatment with irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFIRI) plus cetuximab and by 28.0 months after treatment with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab. However, the substantial cost increase "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1522,
"offsetInEndSection": 2088,
"text": "Chemotherapy-related adverse events were more frequent in the FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab group, with specific regard to grade 3 and 4 neutropenia (48% vs. 26%, adjusted p = .001).CONCLUSION: Although randomized comparison is lacking, both FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab and FOLFOX-panitumumab are valuable treatment options in left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A propensity score-based analysis of five trials was performed to compare FOLFOX-panitumumab versus FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab in left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2323,
"offsetInEndSection": 2715,
"text": "These observations suggest that although doublet chemotherapy plus anti-EGFRs remains the preferred treatment in patients with left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC, FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab is a valuable option able to provide similar, if not better, outcomes at the price of a moderate increase in toxicity and may be adopted based on patients' preference and potential impact on quality of life."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 339,
"offsetInEndSection": 704,
"text": "No randomized comparison between FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab versus doublets plus anti-EGFRs is available in left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected patients with left-sided RAS and BRAF wild-type mCRC treated with first-line FOLFOX-panitumumab or FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab in five randomized trials: Valentino, TRIBE, TRIBE2, STEAM, and CHARTA."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1702,
"offsetInEndSection": 1875,
"text": "SION: Although randomized comparison is lacking, both FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab and FOLFOX-panitumumab are valuable treatment options in left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC.IMPLI"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30595807",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 233,
"text": "A recent subgroup analysis of the TRIBE trial suggested that FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab may be a preferred option for the first-line treatment of only right-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), regardless of RAS or BRAF status."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36729351",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 564,
"offsetInEndSection": 758,
"text": "Chemotherapy regimens were tailored as a doublet drug (FOLFOX/FOLFIRI) with/without targeted therapy (anti-epidermal growth factor receptor/bevacizumab) and triplet-drug combination (FOLFIRINOX)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30595807",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 234,
"offsetInEndSection": 612,
"text": "Our subanalysis of a phase II trial of the FOLFOXIRI triplet regimen plus bevacizumab in patients with mCRC who had RAS mutant tumors showed that tumor shrinkage was better and the duration of treatment was longer in patients with left-sided tumors than in those with right-sided tumors, leading to a higher rate of conversion to surgery in mCRC patients with left-sided tumors."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30595807",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Considering FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer with left-sided tumors."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30595807",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 770,
"text": "A recent subgroup analysis of the TRIBE trial suggested that FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab may be a preferred option for the first-line treatment of only right-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), regardless of RAS or BRAF status. Our subanalysis of a phase II trial of the FOLFOXIRI triplet regimen plus bevacizumab in patients with mCRC who had RAS mutant tumors showed that tumor shrinkage was better and the duration of treatment was longer in patients with left-sided tumors than in those with right-sided tumors, leading to a higher rate of conversion to surgery in mCRC patients with left-sided tumors. The early and deep responses to the triplet-regimen in patients with left-sided tumors might facilitate conversion treatment resulting in favorable survival."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30595807",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 612,
"text": "A recent subgroup analysis of the TRIBE trial suggested that FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab may be a preferred option for the first-line treatment of only right-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), regardless of RAS or BRAF status. Our subanalysis of a phase II trial of the FOLFOXIRI triplet regimen plus bevacizumab in patients with mCRC who had RAS mutant tumors showed that tumor shrinkage was better and the duration of treatment was longer in patients with left-sided tumors than in those with right-sided tumors, leading to a higher rate of conversion to surgery in mCRC patients with left-sided tumors."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "FOLFOXIRI-Bevacizumab or FOLFOX-Panitumumab in Patients with Left-Sided RAS/BRAF Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Propensity Score-Based Analysis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336844",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1385,
"offsetInEndSection": 1521,
"text": "A statistically nonsignificant difference in favor of FOLFOXIRI-bevacizumab was observed for OS after secondary resection of metastases."
}
]
| 13 | BioASQ-training13b | null | null | 65f77701c4010b4d78000030 | 1,412 |
yesno | Have gnotobiotic animal models been used for the study of bowel disease? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, gnotobiotic animals (e.g. mice) have been used for the study of bowel disease (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24500617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21426337",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16954804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18841702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21278760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16127016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11984521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12906096",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2765093",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24959425",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004202"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16954804",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 208,
"text": "Host gene expression in the colon of gnotobiotic interleukin-2-deficient mice colonized with commensal colitogenic or noncolitogenic bacterial strains: common patterns and bacteria strain specific signatures."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16954804",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 372,
"text": " Specific pathogen-free (SPF), but not germfree (GF), interleukin (IL)-2-deficient (IL-2-/-) mice develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at 10 to 15 weeks of age. Gnotobiotic IL-2-/- mice monocolonized with E. coli mpk develop IBD at 25 to 33 weeks of age but not B. vulgatus mpk, E. coli Nissle 1917, or mice cocolonized with both E. coli mpk and B. vulgatus"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21426337",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "Lactobacillus reuteri promotes Helicobacter hepaticus-associated typhlocolitis in gnotobiotic B6.129P2-IL-10(tm1Cgn) (IL-10(-/-) ) mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21426337",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 517,
"text": "To model inflammatory bowel disease, we assessed infection with Helicobacter hepaticus 3B1 (ATCC 51449) and a potential probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC PTA-6475) in gnotobiotic B6.129P2-IL-10(tm1Cgn) (IL-10(-/-) ) mice. No typhlocolitis developed in germ-free controls (n=21) or in L. reuteri (n=8) or H. hepaticus (n=18) mono-associated mice for 20 weeks post-infection. As positive controls, three specific pathogen-free IL-10(-/-) mice dosed with H. hepaticus developed severe typhlocolitis within 11 weeks. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21426337",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1597,
"offsetInEndSection": 1787,
"text": "These data support that the development of typhlocolitis in H. hepaticus-infected IL-10(-/-) mice required co-colonization with other microbiota and in this study, required only L. reuteri. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24500617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1149,
"offsetInEndSection": 1305,
"text": "When transferred to gnotobiotic mice, gut microbiomes from mice with active disease versus treatment-induced remission elicited varying degrees of colitis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21278760",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 218,
"text": "The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18841702",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1103,
"offsetInEndSection": 1279,
"text": "The immunomodulatory effects of microbiota and probiotics for inflammatory bowel diseases and the role of bacteria in their etiologies are being studied in gnotobiotic systems."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21278760",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 218,
"text": "The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21426337",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "To model inflammatory bowel disease, we assessed infection with Helicobacter hepaticus 3B1 (ATCC 51449) and a potential probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC PTA-6475) in gnotobiotic B6.129P2-IL-10(tm1Cgn) (IL-10(-/-) ) mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18841702",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1103,
"offsetInEndSection": 1279,
"text": "The immunomodulatory effects of microbiota and probiotics for inflammatory bowel diseases and the role of bacteria in their etiologies are being studied in gnotobiotic systems."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2765093",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1057,
"offsetInEndSection": 1153,
"text": "Gnotobiotic piglets may be used as a suitable animal model to study colitis induced by C. jejuni"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21278760",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004202",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 404,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "We investigated the changes in renal expression of Kl as a consequence of colitis. METHODS: We studied 3 mouse models of IBD: colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, colitis induced by microflora (in gnotobiotic interleukin-10(-/-)), and colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004202",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 487,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "METHODS: We studied 3 mouse models of IBD: colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, colitis induced by microflora (in gnotobiotic interleukin-10(-/-)), and colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004202",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 404,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "We investigated the changes in renal expression of Kl as a consequence of colitis. METHODS: We studied 3 mouse models of IBD: colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, colitis induced by microflora (in gnotobiotic interleukin-10(-/-)), and colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004202",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 487,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "METHODS: We studied 3 mouse models of IBD: colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, colitis induced by microflora (in gnotobiotic interleukin-10(-/-)), and colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004202",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 487,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "METHODS: We studied 3 mouse models of IBD: colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, colitis induced by microflora (in gnotobiotic interleukin-10(-/-)), and colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells. "
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015212",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058535",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055496",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003424",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050589",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13419",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:6880",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D043183",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:5143",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:8778"
]
| []
| 56f12ca92ac5ed145900000e | 1,413 |
yesno | Are there tools for reviewing variant calls? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes. Tools such as the Variant InsPector and Expert Rating tool (VIPER) have been developed that speed up the manual inspection of variant calls by integrating the Integrative Genomics Viewer into a web application. Analysts can then quickly iterate through variants, apply filters and make decisions based on the generated images and variant metadata. VIPER was successfully employed in analyses with manual inspection of more than 10 000 calls.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29092934",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29346510"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29346510",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 66,
"text": "VIPER: a web application for rapid expert review of variant calls."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29346510",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 1041,
"text": "With the rapid development in next-generation sequencing, cost and time requirements for genomic sequencing are decreasing, enabling applications in many areas such as cancer research. Many tools have been developed to analyze genomic variation ranging from single nucleotide variants to whole chromosomal aberrations. As sequencing throughput increases, the number of variants called by such tools also grows. Often employed manual inspection of such calls is thus becoming a time-consuming procedure. We developed the Variant InsPector and Expert Rating tool (VIPER) to speed up this process by integrating the Integrative Genomics Viewer into a web application. Analysts can then quickly iterate through variants, apply filters and make decisions based on the generated images and variant metadata. VIPER was successfully employed in analyses with manual inspection of more than 10 000 calls.Availability and implementation: VIPER is implemented in Java and Javascript and is freely available at https://github.com/MarWoes/viper."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29092934",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 52,
"text": "Variant Review with the Integrative Genomics Viewer."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29346510",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": "VIPER: a web application for rapid expert review of variant calls.Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29346510",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 511,
"offsetInEndSection": 672,
"text": "We developed the Variant InsPector and Expert Rating tool (VIPER) to speed up this process by integrating the Integrative Genomics Viewer into a web application."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6da11e7c78d69471000042 | 1,414 |
yesno | Is valproic acid effective for glioblastoma treatment? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, valproic acid prolong survival of glioblastoma patients. Valproic acid is an antiepileptic agent with histone deacetylase inhibitor activity shown to sensitize glioblastoma cells to radiation in preclinical models.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26194676",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24874578",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25066904",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24899645",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21880994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523186",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680820"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26194676",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "A Phase 2 Study of Concurrent Radiation Therapy, Temozolomide, and the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid for Patients With Glioblastoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26194676",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "PURPOSE: Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic agent with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) activity shown to sensitize glioblastoma (GBM) cells to radiation in preclinical models."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26194676",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1093,
"offsetInEndSection": 1377,
"text": " Median overall survival (OS) was 29.6 months (range: 21-63.8 months), and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.5 months (range: 6.8-51.2 months). OS at 6, 12, and 24 months was 97%, 86%, and 56%, respectively. PFS at 6, 12, and 24 months was 70%, 43%, and 38% respectively. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26194676",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1745,
"offsetInEndSection": 1955,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Addition of VPA to concurrent RT/TMZ in patients with newly diagnosed GBM was well tolerated. Additionally, VPA may result in improved outcomes compared to historical data and merits further study."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24874578",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 961,
"offsetInEndSection": 1394,
"text": "Treatment of GDSCs with histone deacetylase inhibitors, TSA and VPA, significantly reduced proliferation rates of the cells and expression of the stem cell markers, indicating differentiation of the cells. Since differentiation into GBM makes them susceptible to the conventional cancer treatments, we posit that use of histone deacetylase inhibitors may increase efficacy of the conventional cancer treatments for eliminating GDSCs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25066904",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 248,
"offsetInEndSection": 346,
"text": "Several clinical studies have reported that valproic acid could prolong survival of GBM patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25066904",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 958,
"offsetInEndSection": 1327,
"text": "Our meta-analysis confirmed the benefit of using VPA (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.44-0.71). Sub-group analysis shows that patients treated with VPA had a hazard ratio of 0.74 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.59-0.94 vs. patients treated by other-AEDs and a hazard ratio of 0.66 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.52-0.84 vs. patients treated by administration of non-AEDs. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25066904",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1379,
"offsetInEndSection": 1513,
"text": ".CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that glioblastoma patients may experience prolonged survival due to VPA administration. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24899645",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1335,
"offsetInEndSection": 1453,
"text": "A new and exciting insight is the potential contribution of VPA to prolonged survival, particularly in glioblastomas. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26194676",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic agent with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) activity shown to sensitize glioblastoma (GBM) cells to radiation in preclinical models"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523186",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Valproic acid use during radiation therapy for glioblastoma associated with improved survival"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523186",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 218,
"text": "Valproic acid (VA) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor taken by patients with glioblastoma (GB) to manage seizures, and it can modulate the biologic effects of radiation therapy (RT)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523186",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "Valproic acid use during radiation therapy for glioblastoma associated with improved survival."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21880994",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Prolonged survival with valproic acid use in the EORTC/NCIC temozolomide trial for glioblastoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523186",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 772,
"text": "PURPOSE: Valproic acid (VA) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor taken by patients with glioblastoma (GB) to manage seizures, and it can modulate the biologic effects of radiation therapy (RT). We investigated whether VA use during RT for GB was associated with overall survival (OS).METHODS AND MATERIALS: Medical records of 544 adults with GB were retrospectively reviewed. Analyses were performed to determine the association of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis (RTOG RPA) class, seizure history, and concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) and AED use during RT with OS.RESULTS: Seizures before the end of RT were noted in 217 (40%) patients, and 403 (74%) were taking an AED during RT; 29 (7%) were taking VA. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523186",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 610,
"offsetInEndSection": 820,
"text": "When the analysis was restricted to patients who received concurrent TMZ, VA use was marginally associated with OS (P=.057; HR, 0.54; 95% CI, -0.09 to 1.17), independently of RTOG RPA class and seizure history."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680820",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 480,
"offsetInEndSection": 850,
"text": "Patients using VPA in combination with temozolomide showed a longer median survival of 69 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.7-67.3) compared with 61 weeks (95% CI: 52.5-69.5) in the group without VPA (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.92; P = .016), adjusting for age, extent of resection, and O(6)-DNA methylguanine-methyltransferase promoter methylation status."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680820",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 107,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "Use of VPA together with chemoradiation with temozolomide results in a 2-months' longer survival of patients with GBM."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4271063",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3068",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005909",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014635",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4271063",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013812"
]
| []
| 56c1f029ef6e39474100004a | 1,415 |
yesno | Is tivantinib effective for MET-high hepatocellular carcinoma? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No. In phase 3 clinical trials Tivantinib did not improve overall survival compared with placebo in patients with MET-high hepatocellular carcinoma despite promising phase 2 trial results.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30190953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32716114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23167786"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625879",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 282,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Tivantinib (ARQ 197), a selective, oral MET inhibitor, improved overall survival and progression-free survival compared with placebo in a randomised phase 2 study in patients with high MET expression (MET-high) hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625879",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2694,
"offsetInEndSection": 2870,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: Tivantinib did not improve overall survival compared with placebo in patients with MET-high advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625879",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1629,
"offsetInEndSection": 1857,
"text": "At a median follow-up of 18·1 months (IQR 14·1-23·1), median overall survival was 8·4 months (95% CI 6·8-10·0) in the tivantinib group and 9·1 months (7·3-10·4) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·97; 95% CI 0·75-1·25; p=0·81)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30190953",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 195,
"offsetInEndSection": 615,
"text": "In Phase I and II studies, tivantinib (ARQ 197), an oral inhibitor of MET, demonstrated promising antitumor activity in patients with HCC, both as monotherapy and in combination with sorafenib. A randomized Phase II trial in second-line HCC showed improved overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.38; p = 0.01) in patients with MET-high tumors, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, treated with tivantinib versus placebo. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32716114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1701,
"offsetInEndSection": 1856,
"text": "This study did not confirm the significant efficacy of tivantinib as a second-line treatment for Japanese patients with MET-high hepatocellular carcinoma. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32716114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1155,
"offsetInEndSection": 1572,
"text": "Median progression-free survival was 2.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.7-2.9) and 2.3 (1.5-2.8) mo in the tivantinib and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-1.04, P = .082). Median overall survival was 10.3 (95% confidence interval: 8.1-11.6) and 8.5 (6.2-11.4) mo in the tivantinib and placebo group, respectively (hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-1.15). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32716114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1701,
"offsetInEndSection": 1855,
"text": "This study did not confirm the significant efficacy of tivantinib as a second-line treatment for Japanese patients with MET-high hepatocellular carcinoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32716114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1701,
"offsetInEndSection": 1854,
"text": "This study did not confirm the significant efficacy of tivantinib as a second-line treatment for Japanese patients with MET-high hepatocellular carcinoma"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625879",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2694,
"offsetInEndSection": 2868,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: Tivantinib did not improve overall survival compared with placebo in patients with MET-high advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafeni"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625879",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 270,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Tivantinib (ARQ 197), a selective, oral MET inhibitor, improved overall survival and progression-free survival compared with placebo in a randomised phase 2 study in patients with high MET expression (MET-high) hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated wit"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23167786",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 866,
"offsetInEndSection": 1066,
"text": "ostic factor in HCC after sorafenib failure. Tivantinib demonstrated a nearly doubling of progression free and overall survival in the MET high group compared to placebo in a Phase II study in patient"
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f939a5882a024a1000004a | 1,416 |
yesno | Can mitochondria transfer from cell to cell? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes,\nthe recently discovered phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer between mammalian cells has gained momentum since it was first described in cell culture systems more than a decade ago.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29158129",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29357914"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29158129",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "Interest in the recently discovered phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer between mammalian cells has gained momentum since it was first described in cell culture systems more than a decade ago."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29357914",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2055,
"offsetInEndSection": 2160,
"text": "We show evidence that mitochondria transfer from Jurkat cells to MSCs, which is mediated by cell adhesion"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29357914",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1589,
"offsetInEndSection": 1721,
"text": "This process of mitochondria transfer is mediated by tunneling nanotubes, which are protrusions that extend from the cell membrane ."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c9e738decadf2e73f000037 | 1,417 |
yesno | Can NEECHAM Confusion Scale be used for evaluation of postoperative delirium? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, NEECHAM Confusion Scale can be used for evaluation of postoperative delirium.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24175169",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16732742",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18282269",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25337310",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121489",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10701282",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19711147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22441728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27576903",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15077440",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10095647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1811781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11915156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15792498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16351715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25337310",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 361,
"offsetInEndSection": 473,
"text": "Sampling was achieved in a nonrandomized targeted manner and delirium was assessed using NeeCham questionnaire. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121489",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Delirium in older patients: a diagnostic study of NEECHAM Confusion Scale in surgical intensive care unit."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121489",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To estimate the diagnostic value and determine the feasibility of the NEECHAM Confusion Scale on critically ill older patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121489",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1447,
"offsetInEndSection": 1845,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study confirm the good diagnostic value and ease of application of the NEECHAM scale with nonventilated intensive care patients.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The NEECHAM scale can be used to detect delirium during the routine nursing assessment of nonintubated older patients as it requires minimal demand and stress on the patient as well as on the bedside nurse."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22441728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 540,
"offsetInEndSection": 647,
"text": "The NEECHAM Confusion Scale and the validated chart review instrument were used for diagnosis of delirium. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24175169",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 344,
"offsetInEndSection": 594,
"text": "Among the various screening instruments, NEECHAM confusion scale and delirium observation scale appear to be most suitable screening instrument for patients' in general medical and surgical wards, depending on the type of rater (physician or nurse). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 662,
"offsetInEndSection": 894,
"text": "Use of NEECHAM scaling enabled medical staff to identify cases of possible confusion early, indicating that the NEECHAM confusion scale should be useful for the detection of postoperative delirium and confusion in the surgical ward."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038935",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "Early detection of postoperative delirium and confusion in a surgical ward using the NEECHAM confusion scale."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 406,
"offsetInEndSection": 696,
"text": "In this study, we investigated whether the early detection of postoperative delirium in elderly patients is possible using a simple, useful behavior-assessing scale, the NEECHAM Confusion Scale, and a method for comprehensively evaluating elderly persons' stress related to surgery, E-PASS."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Assessment of the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly patients using E-PASS and the NEECHAM Confusion Scale."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394635",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 372,
"offsetInEndSection": 659,
"text": "The aim of this study was to determine which of the two delirium observation screening scales, the NEECHAM Confusion Scale or the Delirium Observation Screening (DOS) scale, has the best discriminative capacity for diagnosing delirium and which is more practical for daily use by nurses."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1121,
"offsetInEndSection": 1205,
"text": "For delirium diagnosis and severity assessment, we used the NEECHAM Confusion Scale."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 666,
"offsetInEndSection": 898,
"text": "Use of NEECHAM scaling enabled medical staff to identify cases of possible confusion early, indicating that the NEECHAM confusion scale should be useful for the detection of postoperative delirium and confusion in the surgical ward."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539718",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 546,
"offsetInEndSection": 684,
"text": "The NEECHAM Confusion Scale was performed upon admission and prior to discharge.RESULTS: The incidence of DSM-IV related delirium was 24%."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18282269",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "A comparison of the CAM-ICU and the NEECHAM Confusion Scale in intensive care delirium assessment: an observational study in non-intubated patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539718",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Predictive value and validation of the NEECHAM Confusion Scale using DSM-IV criteria for delirium as gold standard."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038935",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Early detection of postoperative delirium and confusion in a surgical ward using the NEECHAM confusion scale"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394635",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 375,
"offsetInEndSection": 753,
"text": "The aim of this study was to determine which of the two delirium observation screening scales, the NEECHAM Confusion Scale or the Delirium Observation Screening (DOS) scale, has the best discriminative capacity for diagnosing delirium and which is more practical for daily use by nurses.The project was conducted on four wards of a university hospital; 87 patients were included"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511473",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 597,
"offsetInEndSection": 909,
"text": "In addition, we scored the participants on the NEECHAM Scale and evaluated their postoperative delirium and postoperative arrhythmia.On the nights of Days 4 and 5, the amount of activity of the exposure group was significantly lower and The sympathetic nervous index was significantly lower on the night of Day 5"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 422,
"offsetInEndSection": 713,
"text": "In this study, we investigated whether the early detection of postoperative delirium in elderly patients is possible using a simple, useful behavior-assessing scale, the NEECHAM Confusion Scale, and a method for comprehensively evaluating elderly persons' stress related to surgery, E-PASS. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1207,
"offsetInEndSection": 1381,
"text": "The cut-off value of the NEECHAM score was established as 20 points, and patients showing values less than this after surgery were regarded as having postoperative delirium. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19711147",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 504,
"offsetInEndSection": 663,
"text": "Identification of delirium was based on evaluation of the level of consciousness with the NEECHAM Confusion Scale and/or a chart-based instrument for delirium."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1100,
"offsetInEndSection": 1184,
"text": "For delirium diagnosis and severity assessment, we used the NEECHAM Confusion Scale."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 410,
"offsetInEndSection": 777,
"text": "In this study, we investigated whether the early detection of postoperative delirium in elderly patients is possible using a simple, useful behavior-assessing scale, the NEECHAM Confusion Scale, and a method for comprehensively evaluating elderly persons' stress related to surgery, E-PASS.The subjects were 160 patients aged more than 75 years who underwent surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16351715",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 280,
"offsetInEndSection": 414,
"text": "In this study a nursing screening instrument, the NEECHAM confusion scale, was studied for early recognition of delirium ICU patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16351715",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1644,
"offsetInEndSection": 1775,
"text": "The psychometric characteristics and the ease of use of the NEECHAM confusion scale enables ICU nurses to early recognize delirium."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 487,
"offsetInEndSection": 665,
"text": "The trends of the NEECHAM scores in the 3 groups were compared, and the relationship between the NEECHAM scores and suspected clinical risk factors for delirium was investigated."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1836,
"offsetInEndSection": 2171,
"text": "In groups showing an MMSE score of less than 25 or a preoperative NEECHAM score of less than 27, the incidence of postoperative delirium was 76%.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that E-PASS and the NEECHAM score facilitate assessment of the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly patients, contributing to early prevention/treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 410,
"offsetInEndSection": 700,
"text": "In this study, we investigated whether the early detection of postoperative delirium in elderly patients is possible using a simple, useful behavior-assessing scale, the NEECHAM Confusion Scale, and a method for comprehensively evaluating elderly persons' stress related to surgery, E-PASS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 666,
"offsetInEndSection": 899,
"text": "Use of NEECHAM scaling enabled medical staff to identify cases of possible confusion early, indicating that the NEECHAM confusion scale should be useful for the detection of postoperative delirium and confusion in the surgical ward.."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038935",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Early detection of postoperative delirium and confusion in a surgical ward using the NEECHAM confusion scale."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Assessment of the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly patients using E-PASS and the NEECHAM Confusion Scale."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1101,
"offsetInEndSection": 1185,
"text": "For delirium diagnosis and severity assessment, we used the NEECHAM Confusion Scale."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394635",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 137,
"text": "The Neecham Confusion Scale and the Delirium Observation Screening Scale: capacity to discriminate and ease of use in clinical practice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394635",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 375,
"offsetInEndSection": 662,
"text": "The aim of this study was to determine which of the two delirium observation screening scales, the NEECHAM Confusion Scale or the Delirium Observation Screening (DOS) scale, has the best discriminative capacity for diagnosing delirium and which is more practical for daily use by nurses."
}
]
| 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023362",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003693",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000067290",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D063189",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011569"
]
| null | 5886222a3b87a8a738000005 | 1,418 |
yesno | Is LDB1-mediated enhancer looping dependent on cohesin? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No. LDB1-mediated enhancer looping can be established independent of mediator and cohesin.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520978"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520978",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "LDB1-mediated enhancer looping can be established independent of mediator and cohesin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520978",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1167,
"offsetInEndSection": 1488,
"text": "Moreover, ENCODE data and our chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicate that cohesin is almost completely absent from validated and predicted LDB1-regulated erythroid enhancer-gene pairs. Thus, lineage specific factors largely mediate enhancer-promoter looping in erythroid cells independent of mediator and cohesin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520978",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1167,
"offsetInEndSection": 1359,
"text": "Moreover, ENCODE data and our chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicate that cohesin is almost completely absent from validated and predicted LDB1-regulated erythroid enhancer-gene pairs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520978",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1172,
"offsetInEndSection": 1364,
"text": "Moreover, ENCODE data and our chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicate that cohesin is almost completely absent from validated and predicted LDB1-regulated erythroid enhancer-gene pairs."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520978",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "LDB1-mediated enhancer looping can be established independent of mediator and cohesin."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0061774",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0061780",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008278",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001205",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071921",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905309",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071923",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071922",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905339",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905338",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003705",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071733",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004742",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001206"
]
| null | 5a6e49a4b750ff445500004b | 1,419 |
yesno | Does ziconotide bind to N-type calcium channels? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, ziconotide/omega-conotoxin MVIIA blocks N-type calcium channels.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11279062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9315745",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16207099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10666532",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16845440",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25456079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16225359",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15578997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21992243",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17199507",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16831862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10834782",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22428804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17063978",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19300539",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22084632",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20188724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10666519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22608964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22188924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15209164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11059665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21577088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10547097"
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| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11279062",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 375,
"offsetInEndSection": 749,
"text": "Since this region partially overlaps with residues previously implicated in block of the channel by omega-conotoxin GVIA, we assessed the effects of mutations in the putative EF hand domain on channel block by omega-conotoxin GVIA and the structurally related omega-conotoxin MVIIA. Both of the toxins irreversibly block the activity of wild type alpha(1B) N-type channels. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9315745",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "Despite their high sequence homology, the peptide neurotoxins omega-conotoxin MVIIA and MVIIC selectively block N- and P/Q-type calcium channels, respectively. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9315745",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 342,
"offsetInEndSection": 637,
"text": " Binding assay for both N- and P/Q-type calcium channels showed that amino acid residues restricted to the N-terminal half are important for the recognition of N-type channels, whereas essential residues for P/Q-type channel recognition are widely spread over the whole omega-conotoxin molecule."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16207099",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Ziconotide is a novel peptide that blocks the entry of calcium into neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, preventing the conduction of nerve signals."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10666532",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Ziconotide is a selective, potent and reversible blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16225359",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 317,
"offsetInEndSection": 456,
"text": "The therapeutic benefit of ziconotide derives from its potent and selective blockade of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10666532",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 167,
"text": "Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10834782",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, administered intrathecally for acute postoperative pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16207099",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Ziconotide, an intrathecally administered N-type calcium channel antagonist for the treatment of chronic pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16225359",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 756,
"offsetInEndSection": 854,
"text": "Thus, ziconotide is the first of a new class of agents--N-type calcium channel blockers, or NCCBs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16845440",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1227,
"offsetInEndSection": 1342,
"text": "Ziconotide, formerly known also as SNX- 111, represents a new class of agents, the N-type calcium channel blockers."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25456079",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 255,
"offsetInEndSection": 419,
"text": "The selective N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide ameliorates severe chronic pain but has a narrow therapeutic window and requires intrathecal administration."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16831862",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 429,
"offsetInEndSection": 594,
"text": "A selective N-type calcium channel inhibitor, ziconotide (Prialt), is a neuroactive peptide recently marketed as a novel nonopioid treatment for severe chronic pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20188724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 982,
"offsetInEndSection": 1292,
"text": "As the clinically available analgesics, pregabalin (alpha2delta-subunit calcium channel ligand), ziconotide (N-type calcium channel blocker), mexiletine (sodium channel blocker), and duloxetine (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) were evaluated in these neurochemically-induced allodynia models."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10834782",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, administered intrathecally for acute postoperative pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16207099",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Ziconotide, an intrathecally administered N-type calcium channel antagonist for the treatment of chronic pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10834782",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 416,
"offsetInEndSection": 626,
"text": "The present investigation was designed to assess the safety and analgesic efficacy of ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, when administered intrathecally to patients with acute postoperative pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17199507",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 395,
"offsetInEndSection": 588,
"text": "Inhibition of the N-type calcium channel by intrathecal administration of the channel-specific blocker omega-conotoxin MVIIA (ziconotide) is efficacious in the treatment of severe chronic pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16845440",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1227,
"offsetInEndSection": 1342,
"text": "Ziconotide, formerly known also as SNX- 111, represents a new class of agents, the N-type calcium channel blockers."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19300539",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "Ziconotide is a powerful analgesic drug that has a unique mechanism of action involving potent and selective block of N-type calcium channels, which control neurotransmission at many synapses."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20188724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1924,
"offsetInEndSection": 2212,
"text": "In conclusion, present findings provide implication that the spinal anti-nociceptive mechanistic site of pregabalin is different from that of ziconotide, mexiletine, and duloxetine, and pregabalin could have a broader anti-nociceptive mechanism other than N-type calcium channel blockade."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10666532",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 167,
"text": "Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16207099",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Ziconotide is a novel peptide that blocks the entry of calcium into neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, preventing the conduction of nerve signals."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19300539",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "Ziconotide is a powerful analgesic drug that has a unique mechanism of action involving potent and selective block of N-type calcium channels, which control neurotransmission at many synapses."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10666519",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "Ziconotide (SNX-111), a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, is antinociceptive when it is administered intrathecally."
},
{
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"text": "Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats."
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"text": "Ziconotide is a novel peptide that blocks the entry of calcium into neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, preventing the conduction of nerve signals."
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"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Ziconotide is a selective, potent and reversible blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs)."
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"text": "Ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, administered intrathecally for acute postoperative pain."
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"text": "Ziconotide, an intrathecally administered N-type calcium channel antagonist for the treatment of chronic pain."
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"text": "Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain."
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"text": "The present investigation was designed to assess the safety and analgesic efficacy of ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, when administered intrathecally to patients with acute postoperative pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22188924",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 142,
"offsetInEndSection": 288,
"text": "A state-dependent Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor may provide an improved therapeutic window over ziconotide, the peptidyl Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor used clinically. "
},
{
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"offsetInEndSection": 273,
"text": "There is also human validation data from ziconotide, the CaV2.2-selective peptidyl inhibitor used clinically to treat refractory pain. "
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"text": "Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain."
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"beginSection": "abstract",
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"offsetInBeginSection": 266,
"offsetInEndSection": 432,
"text": "A selective N-type calcium channel inhibitor, ziconotide (Prialt), is a neuroactive peptide recently marketed as a novel nonopioid treatment for severe chronic pain. "
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"text": "Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats."
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{
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"text": "A state-dependent Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor may provide an improved therapeutic window over ziconotide, the peptidyl Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor used clinically. "
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"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "The neuroprotective effects of intrathecal administration of the selective N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a rat model of spinal ischemia."
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{
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"text": "A state-dependent Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor may provide an improved therapeutic window over ziconotide, the peptidyl Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor used clinically. "
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"text": "The neuroprotective effects of intrathecal administration of the selective N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a rat model of spinal ischemia."
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"text": "A state-dependent Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor may provide an improved therapeutic window over ziconotide, the peptidyl Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor used clinically. "
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"text": "There is also human validation data from ziconotide, the CaV2.2-selective peptidyl inhibitor used clinically to treat refractory pain. "
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"text": "Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain."
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"text": "A selective N-type calcium channel inhibitor, ziconotide (Prialt), is a neuroactive peptide recently marketed as a novel nonopioid treatment for severe chronic pain. "
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"text": "Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats."
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"text": "A state-dependent Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor may provide an improved therapeutic window over ziconotide, the peptidyl Ca(V)2.2 inhibitor used clinically. "
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"text": "There is also human validation data from ziconotide, the CaV2.2-selective peptidyl inhibitor used clinically to treat refractory pain. "
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"text": "Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain."
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"text": "A selective N-type calcium channel inhibitor, ziconotide (Prialt), is a neuroactive peptide recently marketed as a novel nonopioid treatment for severe chronic pain. "
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"text": "Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020864"
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| []
| 56cf27293975bb303a000003 | 1,420 |
yesno | Is Dicer part of the RISC loading complex? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, Dicer is part of the RISC loading complex.'] | [
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"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 121,
"offsetInEndSection": 336,
"text": "Dicer is a component of the protein machinery (the RNA Induced Silencing Complex [RISC]) which is involved in catalyzing the formation of mature microRNAs from their precursors in the process of microRNA biogenesis."
},
{
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"text": "RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) Proteins PACT, TRBP, and Dicer are SRA binding nuclear receptor coregulators."
},
{
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"text": "The cytoplasmic RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) contains dsRNA binding proteins, including protein kinase RNA activator (PACT), transactivation response RNA binding protein (TRBP), and Dicer, that process pre-microRNAs into mature microRNAs (miRNAs) that target specific mRNA species for regulation. "
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"text": " Although the major RNAi pathway proteins are found in most subcellular compartments, the miRNA- and siRNA-loaded Ago2 populations co-sediment almost exclusively with the rER membranes, together with the RISC loading complex (RLC) factors Dicer, TAR RNA binding protein (TRBP) and protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase (PACT)."
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"text": "RNA interference (RNAi) is mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are liberated from double-stranded (ds)RNA precursors by Dicer and guide the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to targets."
},
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"text": ". Dicer, an RNase III enzyme, plays a central role in the RNAi pathway by cleaving precursors of both of these classes of RNAs to form mature siRNAs and miRNAs, which are then loaded into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). "
},
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226452",
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"text": "Canonical siRNAs are 21 nucleotides (nt) in length and are loaded to the RNA Induced Silencing Complex when introduced into the cells, while longer siRNA molecules are first processed by endogenous Dicer and thus termed Dicer-substrate siRNA (DsiRNA). "
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
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"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/fullName",
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{
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{
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{
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"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/go/0016442"
}
]
| 5516fc8832767d0305000002 | 1,421 |
yesno | Is Rucaparib effective for ovarian cancer? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes. Rucaparib is an oral, small molecule, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation identified by an approved companion diagnostic test.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28751443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057616",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28205191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27087632",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28994564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28916367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28247266",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28264872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28790837",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27908594"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27908594",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3352,
"offsetInEndSection": 3583,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: In patients with BRCA mutant or BRCA wild-type and LOH high platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinomas treated with rucaparib, progression-free survival was longer than in patients with BRCA wild-type LOH low carcinomas."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940438",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "High LOH is associated with response to the PARP inhibitor rucaparib in BRCA wild-type ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057616",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 38,
"text": "Rucaparib Approved for Ovarian Cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "The FDA approved the PARP inhibitor rucaparib to treat women with advanced ovarian cancer who have already been treated with at least two chemotherapies and have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation identified by an approved companion diagnostic test."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28247266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 408,
"text": "Rucaparib (Rubraca™) is an oral, small molecule, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor being developed by Clovis Oncology, Inc. (Boulder, CO, USA) for the treatment of solid tumours. It has been approved in the USA as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic) associated advanced ovarian cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28205191",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 566,
"offsetInEndSection": 971,
"text": "In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration approved three novel drugs for the treatment of solid malignancies-olaratumab in selected patients with soft-tissue sarcoma, atezolizumab for the treatment of bladder cancer, and rucaparib for the treatment of ovarian cancer; also in 2016, the use of previously approved anticancer agents (including atezolizumab) was expanded into 11 new patient populations. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28264872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1591,
"offsetInEndSection": 1709,
"text": "Conclusions:Rucaparib was tolerable and had activity in patients with platinum-sensitive germlineBRCA1/2-mutated HGOC."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "<b>OBJECTIVE</b>: To review the pharmacology, safety, efficacy, and the role of rucaparib in the treatment of relapsed, advanced ovarian cancer.<br><b>SUMMARY</b>: A total of 2 phase I/II trials and 1 phase II trial have evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral rucaparib in ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 650,
"offsetInEndSection": 940,
"text": "Rucaparib was found to be relatively well tolerated in clinical trials, with the most common adverse events being anemia, fatigue, and nausea.<br><b>CONCLUSION</b>: Rucaparib appears to be a safe and effective new option in the treatment of relapsed, advanced BRCA1/2 mutant ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 292,
"offsetInEndSection": 465,
"text": "In patients with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutation, an overall response rate of 80% was achieved in the phase II trial Assessment of Rucaparib in Ovarian CancEr Trial 2 (ARIEL2)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28247266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 631,
"offsetInEndSection": 756,
"text": "This article summarizes the milestones in the development of rucaparib leading to this first approval for ovarian cancer.<br>"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729402",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1605,
"offsetInEndSection": 1775,
"text": "These results support further clinical evaluation of rucaparib either as a single agent or as an adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of sporadic ovarian cancer.<br>"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166829",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Rucaparib: a Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor for BRCA-Mutated Relapsed Ovarian Cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 778,
"offsetInEndSection": 914,
"text": "CONCLUSION Rucaparib appears to be a safe and effective new option in the treatment of relapsed, advanced BRCA1/2 mutant ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729402",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1607,
"offsetInEndSection": 1773,
"text": "These results support further clinical evaluation of rucaparib either as a single agent or as an adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of sporadic ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27087632",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 504,
"offsetInEndSection": 707,
"text": "Rucaparib received US FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation for treatment of platinum-sensitive BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer patients who received greater than two lines of platinum-based therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28916367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "BACKGROUND Rucaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, has anticancer activity in recurrent ovarian carcinoma harbouring a BRCA mutation or high percentage of genome-wide loss of heterozygosity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 756,
"offsetInEndSection": 881,
"text": "Rucaparib appears to be a safe and effective new option in the treatment of relapsed, advanced BRCA1/2 mutant ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166829",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Rucaparib: A Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor for BRCA-Mutated Relapsed Ovarian Cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28790837",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Rucaparib: the past, present, and future of a newly approved PARP inhibitor for ovarian cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28751443",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "FDA Approval Summary: Rucaparib for the Treatment of Patients with Deleterious BRCA Mutation-Associated Advanced Ovarian Cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28994564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 756,
"offsetInEndSection": 865,
"text": "Olaparib and rucaparib have been approved by the US FDA as monotherapy for advanced recurrent ovarian cancer."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2394"
]
| null | 5a7379a83b9d13c70800000a | 1,422 |
yesno | Is lenvatinib effective for renal cell carcinoma? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, combination of lenvatinib and everolimus is approved to treat advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27467136",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27267515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24190702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27690664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27047959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24387233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26482279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27339111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27621699"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27047959",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 221,
"offsetInEndSection": 406,
"text": "However, the combination of lenvatinib, a multitargeted agent that inhibits VEGF as well as FGF receptors, and everolimus demonstrated promising results in a randomized phase II trial. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27267515",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "The FDA has approved the combination of lenvatinib and everolimus to treat advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27621699",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1386,
"offsetInEndSection": 1642,
"text": "Moreover, a recent Phase II study demonstrated a significant benefit for the second-line combination treatment with everolimus plus lenvatinib (a novel TKI) in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival compared to the single-agent everolimus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27690664",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 769,
"offsetInEndSection": 1030,
"text": "We then discuss two recently approved growth factor receptor antagonists i.e. cabozantinib and lenvatinib, and a recently approved checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab, and issues pertaining to drug development, and future directions in treatment of metastatic RCC. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26482279",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2654,
"offsetInEndSection": 2878,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: Lenvatinib plus everolimus and lenvatinib alone resulted in a progression-free survival benefit for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who have progressed after one previous VEGF-targeted therapy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27339111",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "Lenvatinib therapy for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27339111",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Lenvatinib therapy for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma."
}
]
| 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002292",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4450",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4451"
]
| null | 589a245778275d0c4a000024 | 1,423 |
yesno | Does HuR bind to the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ["Yes, the RNA-binding protein HuR binds at 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of target transcripts, thereby protecting them against degradation."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27941336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23389914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23312841",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24687854"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27941336",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 347,
"text": "HuR is also overexpressed during tumourigenesis and is abnormally present within the cytoplasm, where it binds to AU-rich elements in the 3'UTRs of target mRNA and post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of its target genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841336",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "Human antigen R (HuR) is a ubiquitous 32 kDa protein comprising three RNA Recognition Motifs (RRMs), whose main function is to bind Adenylate and uridylate Rich Elements (AREs) in 3' UnTranslated Regions (UTRs) of mRNAs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265983",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "Human antigen R (HuR) is a ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding protein that modulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24687854",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "The RNA-binding protein HuR binds at 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of target transcripts, thereby protecting them against degradation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23312841",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 619,
"offsetInEndSection": 812,
"text": "ELAV/Hu proteins bind to AU-rich elements (ARE) in mRNAs and regulate their stability from splicing to translation, and the ubiquitous HuR protein has been implicated in cancerous cell growth. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23389914",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 240,
"offsetInEndSection": 381,
"text": "This is achieved by altered expression of the proteins TTP and HuR, which bind 3' untranslated region (UTR) elements in cancer-related genes."
}
]
| 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58ce69cd1f5fb2b734000003 | 1,424 |
yesno | Are there RNAi approaches considered for the treatment of kidney injury? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, RNAi approaches are being considered for the treatment of kidney injury.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27009268"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27009268",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 278,
"offsetInEndSection": 487,
"text": "Herein, we describe ammonium-functionalized carbon nanotube (fCNT)-mediated transport of siRNA selectively and with high efficiency to renal proximal tubule cells in animal models of acute kidney injury (AKI)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27009268",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 488,
"offsetInEndSection": 845,
"text": "fCNT enhanced siRNA delivery to tubule cells compared to siRNA alone and effectively knocked down the expression of several target genes, includingTrp53,Mep1b,Ctr1, andEGFP A clinically relevant cisplatin-induced murine model of AKI was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of fCNT-targeted siRNA to effectively halt the pathogenesis of renal injury. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27009268",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1462,
"offsetInEndSection": 1647,
"text": "The nanocarbon-mediated delivery of siRNA provides a therapeutic means for the prevention of AKI to safely overcome the persistent barrier of nephrotoxicity during medical intervention."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a74a4be0384be9551000004 | 1,425 |
yesno | Are stress granules membraneous? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['Stress granules (SG) are membrane-less compartments involved in regulating mRNAs during stress.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28377462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279909",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28306503"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838525",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 540,
"offsetInEndSection": 700,
"text": "PMLOs are different in size, shape, and composition, and almost invariantly contain intrinsically disordered proteins (e.g., eIF4B and TDP43 in stress granules,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28306503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 194,
"text": "Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of RNA-binding proteins plays an important role in the formation of multiple membrane-less organelles involved in RNA metabolism, including stress granules."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28377462",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Stress granules (SG) are membrane-less compartments involved in regulating mRNAs during stress."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279909",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 38,
"offsetInEndSection": 211,
"text": " In addition to membrane delimited organelles, proteins and RNAs can organize themselves into specific domains. Some examples include stress granules and subnuclear bodies. "
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5aa825b1fcf4565872000003 | 1,426 |
yesno | Can lenacapavir be used for HIV? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, lenacapavir can be used for HIV.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34871187",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36272024"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34871187",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 208,
"text": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes available data for lenacapavir, an investigational first-in-class agent that disrupts functioning of HIV capsid protein across multiple steps in the viral life cycle."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36272024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 145,
"text": "Lenacapavir (Sunlenca®) is a long-acting capsid inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) being developed by Gilead Sciences Inc. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36272024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 301,
"offsetInEndSection": 554,
"text": "In August 2022, lenacapavir received its first approval in the EU for use in combination with other antiretroviral(s) in adults with multi-drug resistant HIV infection, for whom it is otherwise not possible to construct a suppressive anti-viral regimen."
}
]
| 12 | BioASQ-training12b | null | null | 64042000201352f04a000020 | 1,427 |
yesno | Is daridorexant effective for insomnia? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes. Daridorexant an orally administered dual orexin type 1 and type 2 (OX1 and OX2) receptor antagonist (DORA) being developed for the treatment of insomnia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36473030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35298826"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35298826",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "Daridorexant (Quviviq™; Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) is an orally administered dual orexin type 1 and type 2 (OX1 and OX2) receptor antagonist (DORA) being developed for the treatment of insomnia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36473030",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 466,
"offsetInEndSection": 1224,
"text": "Daridorexant was superior to placebo in reducing wake time after sleep onset (MD = -13.26; 95% CI, -15.48 to -11.03; P < 0.00001), latency to persistent sleep (MD = -7.23; 95% CI, -9.60 to -4.85; P < 0.00001), with increasing the total sleep time (MD = 14.80; 95% CI, 11.18-18.42; P < 0.00001) and subjective total sleep time (MD = 14.80; 95% CI, 11.18-18.42], P < 0.00001). The 25 mg and 50 mg were the most officious doses. Treatment with daridorexant has resulted in a slightly higher incidence of adverse events [risk ratio (RR) = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.35;, P = 0.005], specifically somnolence (RR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13-3.23; P = 0.005) and fatigue (RR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.21-3.36; P = 0.007). Daridorexant is superior to placebo in improving sleep quality. "
}
]
| 12 | BioASQ-training12b | null | null | 64041e97201352f04a00001e | 1,428 |
yesno | Does triiodothyronine stimulate red blood cell sodium potassium pump? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['An inverse correlation between this enzymatic action and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels.\nThe effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in red blood cells may be different in vivo and in vitro.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9781620",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2987290",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1333560"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9781620",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 75,
"offsetInEndSection": 262,
"text": "reduction in Na+,K+ATPase activity has been demonstrated in red blood cells (RBCs), as well as an inverse correlation between this enzymatic action and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9781620",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 263,
"offsetInEndSection": 375,
"text": "The restoration of normal FT3 values also brings about a normalization of Na+,K+ATPase activity in erythrocytes."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2987290",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1401,
"offsetInEndSection": 1715,
"text": "at hyperthyroid patients have decreased red cell Na/K-ATPase activity and provide direct evidence that erythrocyte ATPase activity is increased in hypothyroid patients. The change in enzyme activity in patients with nonthyroidal illness and decreased circulating T3 levels was comparable to that in hypothyroidism."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1333560",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of K562 human erythroleukemic cell was studied to understand why the erythrocyte sodium pump activity is decreased in hyperthyroidism."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1333560",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 947,
"offsetInEndSection": 1100,
"text": "We conclude that T3 stimulates Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of K562 cells and in the presence of T3 during differentiation, the enzyme activity remains high."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | null | null | 517a8a718ed59a060a00003e | 1,429 |
yesno | Is Figitumumab effective for non-small cell lung cancer? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No. Phase III trials of the anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) antibody figitumumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been discontinued owing to lack of survival benefit. Adding figitumumab to standard chemotherapy also failed to increase overall survival in patients with advanced nonadenocarcinoma NSCLC.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28104361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20676809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24888810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23826179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21907495",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21102589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21717907"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28104361",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 119,
"offsetInEndSection": 270,
"text": "A phase III study failed for carboplatin, paclitaxel, with or without figitumumab in first-line treating metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24888810",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1522,
"offsetInEndSection": 1650,
"text": "CONCLUSION: Adding figitumumab to standard chemotherapy failed to increase OS in patients with advanced nonadenocarcinoma NSCLC."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24888810",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 996,
"offsetInEndSection": 1352,
"text": "Median OS was 8.6 months for figitumumab plus chemotherapy and 9.8 months for chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.40; P = .06); median progression-free survival was 4.7 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 5.4) and 4.6 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 5.4), respectively (HR, 1.10; P = .27); the objective response rates were 33% and 35%, respectively. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23826179",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "Phase III trials of the anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) antibody figitumumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been discontinued owing to lack of survival benefit."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21907495",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 703,
"offsetInEndSection": 1085,
"text": "Two phase III trials of the anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, figitumumab (CP-751,871), were discontinued in 2010 as it was considered unlikely either trial would meet their primary endpoints. In light of disappointing clinical data with figitumumab and other targeted agents, it is likely that the use of molecular markers will become important in predicting response to treatment. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23826179",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "Phase III trials of the anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor ( IGF1R ) antibody figitumumab in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) patients have been discontinued owing to lack of survival benefit . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21102589",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "Phase III trials of the anti-insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor ( IGF-IR ) antibody figitumumab ( F ) in unselected non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) patients were recently discontinued owing to futility . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21717907",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 184,
"offsetInEndSection": 367,
"text": "One recent phase III trial of the IGF-1R inhibitor figitumumab in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer was discontinued after an interim analysis showed no survival improvement . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20676809",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 203,
"offsetInEndSection": 544,
"text": "The insulin-like growth factor receptor ( IGF-1R ) monoclonal antibody figitumumab , while initially promising , appears to increase toxicity and death in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with NSCLC of squamous histology; therefore , clinical development of this class of agents will need to proceed with caution . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21907495",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 725,
"offsetInEndSection": 921,
"text": "Two phase III trials of the anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody , figitumumab ( CP-751,871) , were discontinued in 2010 as it was considered unlikely either trial would meet their primary endpoints . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28104361",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 122,
"offsetInEndSection": 278,
"text": "A phase III study failed for carboplatin , paclitaxel , with or without figitumumab in first-line treating metastatic non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) . "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24888810",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 996,
"offsetInEndSection": 1351,
"text": "Median OS was 8.6 months for figitumumab plus chemotherapy and 9.8 months for chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.40; P = .06); median progression-free survival was 4.7 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 5.4) and 4.6 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 5.4), respectively (HR, 1.10; P = .27); the objective response rates were 33% and 35%, respectively."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e4b64126d0a277941000028 | 1,430 |
yesno | Does bleomycin cause lung toxicity? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Pulmonary toxicity is a devastating complication of bleomycin chemotherapy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26834240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30464999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17034512",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1690503",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29269387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/83311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992893",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1696541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27241272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30398042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1711838",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6167758",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28121640",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32079853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27190828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6165468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21602446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2425242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10783125",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9806661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25951185",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25026360",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2413151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2582337",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31809714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12771616",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31673206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26888428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24195693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2449257",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30755913",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1689606",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6192740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2443992",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33647319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28185527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6205617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30902828"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31809714",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 32,
"offsetInEndSection": 68,
"text": "bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31809714",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 436,
"offsetInEndSection": 470,
"text": "bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28121640",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "Pulmonary toxicity is a devastating complication of bleomycin chemotherapy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31673206",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 126,
"offsetInEndSection": 335,
"text": "Bleomycin containing regimen is routinely employed in the treatment of HL. Pulmonary toxicity due to this drug is the most feared side effect in these regimens where the mortality rate is approximately 2%-3%. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6167758",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 189,
"offsetInEndSection": 364,
"text": "Bleomycin might cause pulmonary fibrosis at higher cumulative doses as toxic effect directly to the lungs or most likely in addition by the formation of vascular microthrombi."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6165468",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "The comparative pulmonary toxicity induced by bleomycin and talisomycin (former trivial name: tallysomycin A) was evaluated by measuring lung hydroxyproline content."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30398042",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 791,
"offsetInEndSection": 918,
"text": "Clinicians should always remember that bleomycin toxicity may lead to fatal complications in patients with comorbid conditions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25026360",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "CONTEXT: The application of bleomycin is limited due to its side effects including lung toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2413151",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "Bleomycin is an antineoplastic agent that causes a dose-related lung fibrosis that limits its therapeutic effectiveness."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29269387",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Acute Lung Toxicity After Intralesional Bleomycin Sclerotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29269387",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 233,
"offsetInEndSection": 366,
"text": "We report a case of a severe acute lung toxicity after a low dose of a second bleomycin intralesional injection in a 5-year-old girl."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1690503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1039,
"offsetInEndSection": 1178,
"text": "Renal damage, following cisplatin administration, with subsequent accumulation of bleomycin was the likely cause of the high lung toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1690503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1278,
"offsetInEndSection": 1379,
"text": "Whenever possible, bleomycin should precede cisplatin infusion to minimize the risk of lung toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26888428",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 239,
"offsetInEndSection": 311,
"text": "The most severe form of BLM-induced pulmonary toxicity is lung fibrosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2425242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 789,
"offsetInEndSection": 952,
"text": "Results from this study suggest that an excess production of superoxide anions by alveolar macrophages may be the underlying cause of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30755913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "Bleomycin lung toxicity is well established and can manifest as bleomycin-induced pneumonitis, but pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax are very rare complications."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25951185",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "High doses of bleomycin administered to patients with lymphomas and other tumors lead to significant lung toxicity in general, and to apoptosis of epithelial cells, in particular. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27241272",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 338,
"offsetInEndSection": 521,
"text": "sis of bleomycin-induced lung toxicity is based on the combination of clinical and radiological features, and requires to rule out differential diagnoses including pneumocystis. \"Bleo"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26834240",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine sulfate, and dacarbazine (ABVD) is associated with severe toxicity in older patients, particularly from bleomycin-induced lung toxicity (BLT). Ther"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30464999",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 436,
"offsetInEndSection": 647,
"text": "s studies have proposed that the lung toxicity caused by bleomycin is related to the C-terminal regions of these drugs, which have been shown to closely interact with DNA in metal-bleomycin-DNA complexes. Some o"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32079853",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 223,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) is the most common and successful chemotherapy regimen for germ-cell tumor (GCT) patients, accompanied by a bleomycin-induced dose-dependent lung toxicity in certain pat"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2449257",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 503,
"offsetInEndSection": 691,
"text": "e been no respiratory problems attributable to bleomycin lung toxicity in this study compared with four (3 associated with patient deaths) seen in 91 previously treated patients. The relat"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1711838",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 44,
"text": "Mechanisms of bleomycin-induced lung damage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30464999",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 429,
"offsetInEndSection": 640,
"text": "Previous studies have proposed that the lung toxicity caused by bleomycin is related to the C-terminal regions of these drugs, which have been shown to closely interact with DNA in metal-bleomycin-DNA complexes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24195693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1491,
"offsetInEndSection": 1582,
"text": "g V30 cutoff value of 32% was estimated.CONCLUSION: Bleomycin and RT may cause lung injury "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1690503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 602,
"offsetInEndSection": 731,
"text": "Postmortem lung studies were performed in all six patients and revealed findings compatible with bleomycin-induced lung toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17034512",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 95,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "However, the cytotoxic effects of bleomycin cause a number of adverse responses, in particular in the lung and the skin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30902828",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "Bleomycin, a widely used anti-cancer drug, may give rise to pulmonary fibrosis, a serious side effect which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33647319",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Bleomycin is a cancer therapeutic known to cause lung injury which progresses to fibrosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9806661",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 290,
"offsetInEndSection": 393,
"text": "and repair. Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity is mediated, at least in part, by the generation of active oxy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679525",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 260,
"offsetInEndSection": 352,
"text": "This report suggests that bleomycin lung toxicity may be reversible if treated aggressively."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6205617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 519,
"offsetInEndSection": 706,
"text": "Although all bleomycin-treated animals had some evidence of lung toxicity, histologic examination of the lungs revealed markedly reduced bleomycin toxicity in the rats exposed to hypoxia."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6192740",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "Low temperature inhibits bleomycin lung toxicity in the rat."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21602446",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1196,
"offsetInEndSection": 1539,
"text": "Results at day 22, 3 wk after bleomycin treatment, showed that airway delivery of liposomes before and after intratracheal administration of bleomycin significantly reduced bleomycin-induced lung toxicity as evidenced by less body weight loss, chronic lung inflammation, and fibrosis as well as improved lung compliance compared with controls."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6205617",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "Protective effect of hypoxia on bleomycin lung toxicity in the rat."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2582337",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) has recently been shown to have antioxidant properties, and since bleomycin produces pulmonary damage via free oxygen radical toxicity, the possible protective effect of NAC on bleomycin lung toxicity was investigated."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2582337",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 463,
"offsetInEndSection": 620,
"text": "All rats treated with bleomycin only had typical changes of bleomycin lung toxicity whereas the animals treated with bleomycin and NAC had minimal pathology."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12771616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 951,
"offsetInEndSection": 1378,
"text": "atic compliance on day 15 was severely decreased with bleomycin alone and showed a further significant decrease when granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was added (controls, 3.85 +/- 0.14 mL/kPa; bleomycin, 1.44 +/- 0.06 mL/kPa; and bleomycin + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, 0.65 +/- 0.09 mL/kPa; control vs. bleomycin, p <.0001; and bleomycin vs. bleomycin + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, p =.0003). Lung m"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992893",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
"offsetInEndSection": 256,
"text": "Bleomycin sometimes causes fatal pulmonary toxicity, including bleomycin-induced pneumonitis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28185527",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 70,
"text": "Bleomycin is an antineoplastic agent causing fatal pulmonary toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2443992",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 73,
"text": "Pulmonary toxicity is an important adverse effect of bleomycin treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1689606",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 101,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "Pulmonary toxicity is the most significant complication of bleomycin administration."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1689606",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1375,
"offsetInEndSection": 1565,
"text": "It is possible, however, that the low incidence of clinically significant and fatal pulmonary toxicity, as experienced in this group of patients, may be related to the infusion of bleomycin."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10783125",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "Bleomycin-mediated pulmonary toxicity: evidence for a p53-mediated response."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27241272",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 639,
"offsetInEndSection": 735,
"text": "Occurrence of bleomycin lung toxicity requires an immediate and often permanent discontinuation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27190828",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 313,
"offsetInEndSection": 436,
"text": "All three developed bleomycin induced pulmonary toxicity in the form of pulmonary fibrosis during treatment of the disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27190828",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 139,
"offsetInEndSection": 203,
"text": "One of the fatal side effect of bleomycin is pulmonary toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27190828",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "Pulmonary Toxicity of Bleomycin - A Case Series from a Tertiary Care Center in Southern India."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/83311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 144,
"text": "Bleomycin is potentially capable of inducing a diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung, the pathogenesis of which has not yet been elucidated."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2443992",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 450,
"offsetInEndSection": 748,
"text": "Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin 1.5 mg resulted in a severe pneumonitis with influx of inflammatory cells into the alveoli as assessed by alveolar lavage, oedema of the alveolar walls, and up to an eight fold increase in the total pulmonary extravascular albumin space, maximal at 72 hours."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2443992",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Development of acute lung injury after the combination of intravenous bleomycin and exposure to hyperoxia in rats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1696541",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "Bleomycin is a highly effective antitumor agent, but pulmonary toxicity, characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction and associated pulmonary edema, limits clinical use of the drug."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "In this study we investigated bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in patients with germ-cell tumour by means of technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid aerosol scintigraphy."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 601efda31cb411341a000069 | 1,431 |
yesno | Are mouse chromosomes acrocentric? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['yes', 'Mouse chromosomes are acrocentric and of similar size.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9177778",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8896561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6177004",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6538846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100785",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3248380",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2767161",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7606923"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9177778",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 692,
"offsetInEndSection": 950,
"text": " Based on combined fluorescence in situ hybridization and linkage mapping, the gene order on CFA9 is similar to that of the homologous genes on HSA17q and mouse chromosome 11 (MMU11), but in the dog the gene order is inverted with respect to the centromere. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8896561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 278,
"offsetInEndSection": 435,
"text": "In murine models of human carcinogenesis, however, karyotype analysis is technically demanding because mouse chromosomes are acrocentric and of similar size."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2767161",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 256,
"offsetInEndSection": 359,
"text": "The minor satellite is closer to the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes than the major satellite"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3248380",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 444,
"offsetInEndSection": 584,
"text": " These cells contain Robertsonian translocated chromosomes 1 and 7 as the only submetacentric chromosome in an otherwise acrocentric genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6538846",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 326,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": " The resulting metacentric chromosomes are very different in size and in morphology from normal mouse acrocentric chromosomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6177004",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 174,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": " Because of 35 independent primary hybrids used in this study were derived from two types of feral mice, each with a different combination of Robertsonian translocation chromosomes, as well as from mice with a normal complement of acrocentric chromosomes, analysis of 16 selected mouse enzyme markers provided data on the segregation of all 20 mouse chromosomes in these hybrids"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100785",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 240,
"offsetInEndSection": 416,
"text": "The two mouse stocks exhibit karyotypes consisting of nine pairs of metacentric chromosomes as a result of centric fusions of acrocentric chromosomes in different combinations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7606923",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "Physical gene mapping by in situ hybridization is a difficult task in an all-acrocentric mouse karyotype, because all of the chromosomes are morphologically very similar."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6538846",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 327,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": "The resulting metacentric chromosomes are very different in size and in morphology from normal mouse acrocentric chromosomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8896561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1673,
"text": "murine models of human carcinogenesis are exceedingly valuable tools to understand genetic mechanisms of neoplastic growth the identification of recurrent chromosomal rearrangements by cytogenetic techniques serves as an initial screening test for tumour specific aberrations in murine models of human carcinogenesis however karyotype analysis is technically demanding because mouse chromosomes are acrocentric and of similar size fluorescence in situ hybridization fish with mouse chromosome specific painting probes can complement conventional banding analysis although sensitive and specific fish analyses are restricted to the visualization of only a few mouse chromosomes at a time here we apply a novel imaging technique that we developed recently for the visualization of human chromosomes to the simultaneous discernment of all mouse chromosomes the approach is based on spectral imaging to measure chromosome specific spectra after fish with differentially labelled mouse chromosome painting probes utilizing a combination of fourier spectroscopy ccd imaging and conventional optical microscopy spectral imaging allows simultaneous measurement of the fluorescence emission spectrum at all sample points a spectrum based classification algorithm has been adapted to karyotype mouse chromosomes we have applied spectral karyotyping sky to chemically induced plasmocytomas mammary gland tumours from transgenic mice overexpressing the c myc oncogene and thymomas from mice deficient for the ataxia telangiectasia atm gene results from these analyses demonstrate the potential of sky to identify complex chromosomal aberrations in mouse models of human carcinogenesis."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a89537cfcd1d6a10c000002 | 1,432 |
yesno | Are Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) multipotent cells? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19886822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102896"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102896",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 106,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "multipotent mesenchymal bone marrow-derived stem cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19886822",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 868,
"offsetInEndSection": 916,
"text": "multipotent hESC-derived mesenchymal cells (MCs)"
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c7836dad774d04240000002 | 1,433 |
yesno | Is Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) associated with Aortic Aneurysm? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a genetic disorder that is associated with aortic aneurysm.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is associated with Aortic Aneurysm', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is associated with aortic aneurysms as a common presentation of the disorder.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is associated with Aortic Aneurysm.', 'Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal connective tissue disorder commonly presenting with hypertelorism, bifid uvula, aortic aneurysms, and arterial tortuosity.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is indeed associated with aortic aneurysms. This condition often leads to the enlargement of the aorta, which can increase the risk of developing aneurysms in this area', 'Yes. Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a heritable disorder that presents with thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection caused by a mutation in one of the transforming growth factor-B receptor or ligand genes.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) commonly presents with aortic aneurysms among other symptoms.', 'No, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is not associated with Aortic Aneurysm.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome is strongly associated with aortic aneurysms.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal connective tissue disorder that commonly presents with aortic aneurysms, among other symptoms. It is also associated with aortic root enlargement and risk of thoracic aortic dissection.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is strongly associated with aortic aneurysms and rupture.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome is linked to aortic aneurysms.', 'No, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is associated with aortic aneurysms.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is associated with Aortic aneurysms', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is associated with aortic root enlargement and risk of thoracic aortic dissection (AD), which can lead to aortic aneurysms.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is associated with aortic aneurysm.', 'Yes, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is commonly associated with aortic aneurysms.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801912",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37823753",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755470",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31085000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30833837",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37916856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30625890",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29022822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32062130",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37719708",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24443024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26655350",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33487195",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26652537",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26290839",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32559129",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27521346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33289867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36356561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36308480",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30534260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37876949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37948688",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28737872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230898",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28252349",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37677958",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34807419",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26617788",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35662564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36237225",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20662229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36483799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21949523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32462795",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131745",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36219981",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31724649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37126428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33204949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27125181",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29320330",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563345",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23401778",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17257922"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37916856",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal connective tissue disorder commonly presenting with hypertelorism, bifid uvula, aortic aneurysms, and arterial tortuosity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37755470",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 231,
"text": "Hereditary thoracic aortic diseases (HTAD) such as Marfan syndrome (MFS), Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), and vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (VEDS) frequently result in complex cardiovascular pathology that can lead to premature death"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37823753",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 166,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder associated with aortic root enlargement and risk of thoracic aortic dissection (AD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37948688",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a heritable aortopathy associated with craniofacial abnormalities and dilatation and dissection of the aorta and its branches, as well as increased risk for intracranial aneurysms (ICAs)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37916856",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal connective tissue disorder commonly presenting with hypertelorism, bifid uvula, aortic aneurysms, and arterial tortuosity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37876949",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 171,
"offsetInEndSection": 272,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is less commonly seen as a cause of ascending aortic aneurysms in children"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31724649",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a recently reported autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome with widespread systemic involvement."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31724649",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 329,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a recently reported autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome with widespread systemic involvement. Although connective tissue diseases carry a theoretical risk of aneurysmal degeneration in vein grafts, there are no reports of vein graft aneurysm (VGA) in patients with connective tissue disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801912",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a recently recognized aggressive aortic disorder characterized by root aneurysm, arterial tortuosity, hypertelorism, and bifid uvula or cleft palate"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37876949",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 171,
"offsetInEndSection": 273,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is less commonly seen as a cause of ascending aortic aneurysms in children."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37876949",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 171,
"offsetInEndSection": 474,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is less commonly seen as a cause of ascending aortic aneurysms in children. In this case report, we describe pediatric Bentall procedure, which we successfully performed to a child with LDS (Type I) with giant ascending aortic enlargement and significant aortic regurgitation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20662229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 299,
"offsetInEndSection": 553,
"text": "After the 1st operation, she was diagnosed with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), which is recently described as an autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome caused by heterozygous mutations in the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 1 and 2 genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31724649",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 481,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a recently reported autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome with widespread systemic involvement. Although connective tissue diseases carry a theoretical risk of aneurysmal degeneration in vein grafts, there are no reports of vein graft aneurysm (VGA) in patients with connective tissue disease. We herein report the first case of a giant VGA that was manifested 5 years after the reconstruction of a popliteal artery aneurysm associated with LDS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20662229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 299,
"offsetInEndSection": 663,
"text": "After the 1st operation, she was diagnosed with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), which is recently described as an autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome caused by heterozygous mutations in the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 1 and 2 genes. Only 2 months after the 1st operation, she developed heart failure due to recurrence of aortic regurgitation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33487195",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 327,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a connective tissue disorder known to cause aggressive aortopathy in paediatric patients, but it is extremely rare for cardiovascular events to present during infancy. We report the first successful aortic repair in a neonate with LDS presenting in extremis with an early onset, massive aortic aneurysm."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801912",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 341,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a recently recognized aggressive aortic disorder characterized by root aneurysm, arterial tortuosity, hypertelorism, and bifid uvula or cleft palate. The results of prophylactic root replacement using valve-sparing procedures (valve-sparing root replacement [VSRR]) in patients with LDS is not known"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28252349",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterised by a mutation in the transforming growth factor beta receptor, and is strongly associated with aortic aneurysms and rupture."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 182,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder that is characterized by skeletal abnormalities, craniofacial malformations, and a high predisposition for aortic aneurysm."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36237225",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 214,
"text": "Background: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a heritable disorder that presents with thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection caused by a mutation in one of the transforming growth factor-B receptor or ligand genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28252349",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 538,
"offsetInEndSection": 731,
"text": "On further investigation of her family history, it was revealed that she had a strong positive family history of aortic rupture and aneurysms associated with genetically confirmed atypical LDS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27125181",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome due to mutations in TGFBR1 and 2 is associated with early and aggressive aortic aneurysm and branch vessel disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "Aortic aneurysms in childhood are rare disease entities and are usually seen in patients with genetic connective tissue disorders such as Marfans, Ehler-Danlos, and Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30833837",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a genetic disorder that predisposes patients to aortic aneurysms. If left untreated, the natural history of the associated aortopathy often culminates in fatal aortic dissection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31085000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 154,
"offsetInEndSection": 376,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a connective tissue disorder characterized by aortic aneurysms, arterial tortuosity, and aortic dissections. It is caused by mutations in the genes affecting the transforming growth factor β pathway"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26652537",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome presents early in life with rapidly progressive aortic aneurysmal disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26290839",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 194,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder that is characterized by aggressive arterial and aortic disease, often involving the formation of aortic aneurysms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131745",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a connective tissue disorder accompanied by life-threatening vascular abnormalities such as aneurysms and "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26617788",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder, and most of LDS patients will develop into aortic aneurysm."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563345",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the genes for transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 1 or 2 (TGF-ßR 1/2). The syndrome predisposes patients to aortic aneurysm and dissections, along with craniofacial and musculoskeletal abnormalities"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18630721",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 614,
"offsetInEndSection": 769,
"text": "The discovery of a new aortic aneurysm syndrome, the Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), confirmed the importance of the cytokine TGFbeta in aneurysm pathogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37823753",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder associated with aortic root enlargement and risk of thoracic aortic dissection (AD)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37719708",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 17,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": " variants cause Loeys-Dietz syndrome type 5, a syndromic form of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37677958",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disease related to β-transforming growth factor mutations, which causes aneurysms formation, vascular tortuosity and skeletal manifestations"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36237225",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "Background: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a heritable disorder that presents with thoracic aortic aneurysm and/o"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33204949",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a genetic connective tissue disorder, which is characterized by rapid development of aortic and peripheral arterial aneurysms. Loeys-Dietz syndrome has some"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28252349",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterised by a mutation in the transforming growth factor beta receptor, and is strongly associated with aortic aneurysms and rupture. Most cases of LDS present in the second decade"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29022822",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterised by a mutation in the transforming growth factor beta receptor, and is strongly associated with aortic aneurysms and rupture. Most cases of LDS present in the second decade"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26655350",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 90,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "rare. An association of these aneurysms with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) in older age-groups is"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37126428",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 322,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with multisystem involvement of wide spectrum, found to be associated with transforming growth factor-β pathway. LDS is characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, cutaneous, vascular abnormalities along with aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29022822",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterised by a mutation in the transforming growth factor beta receptor, and is strongly associated with aortic aneurysms and rupture."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36308480",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by aneurysms of the aorta, aortic branches, and intracranial arteries; skeletal and cutaneous abnormalities; and craniofacial mal"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34807419",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 271,
"text": "Marfan Syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) represent heritable connective tissue disorders that segregate with a similar pattern of cardiovascular defects (thoracic aortic aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse/regurgitation, and aortic dilatation with regurgitation)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24443024",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 278,
"text": "Marfan Syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) represent heritable connective tissue disorders that cosegregate with a similar pattern of cardiovascular defects (thoracic aortic aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse/regurgitation, and aortic root dilatation with regurgitation)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32462795",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 250,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a heritable disorder of the connective tissue leading to multisystem involvement including craniofacial features, skeletal abnormalities, cutaneous findings and early-onset and aggressive disease of the aorta and its branches."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36219981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder. The major hallmark of LDS is thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32062130",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by a genetic predisposition for thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30534260",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 205,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder that is characterized by skeletal abnormalities, craniofacial malformations, and predisposition for aortic aneurysm with tortuosity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21949523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 50,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a genetic aortic aneurysm syndrome caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor-receptor type I or II gene (TGFBR1 or TGFBR2)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21949523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 427,
"offsetInEndSection": 503,
"text": "LDS is characterized by aggressive and rapid progression of aortic aneurysm."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36356561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 284,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder presenting with a variety of cardiovascular, skeletal, craniofacial and cutaneous manifestations. Aortic rupture or dissection of a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is the most life-threatening complication."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37876949",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 273,
"text": "Ascending aortic aneurysm is very rare in children, and is usually seen in patients with underlying connective tissue disorders such as Marfans and Ehler-Danlos syndrome. Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is less commonly seen as a cause of ascending aortic aneurysms in children."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339686",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare autosomal-dominant connective tissue disorder that can lead to aortic aneurysm and dissection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33289867",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare autosomal-dominant connective tissue disorder characterized by arterial aneurysms and vascular"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36237225",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 213,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a heritable disorder that presents with thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection caused by a mutation in one of the transforming growth factor-B receptor or ligand genes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17257922",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a recently described genetic aortic aneurysm syndrome resulting from mutations in receptors for the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23401778",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 327,
"text": "There are many genetic syndromes associated with the aortic aneurysmal disease which include Marfan syndrome (MFS), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD), bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAV), and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30625890",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) is a recently described autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome with widespread systemic involvement."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26617788",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 44,
"offsetInEndSection": 194,
"text": "ominant genetic connective tissue disorder, and most of LDS patients will develop into aortic aneurysm. Unfortunately, there is no known cure, and a h"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21801912",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1460,
"offsetInEndSection": 1621,
"text": "SIONS: Loeys-Dietz syndrome is an aggressive aortic aneurysm syndrome that can be addressed by prophylactic aortic root replacement with low operative risk. Valv"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30625890",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) is a recently described autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome with widespread systemic involvement. It is characterized"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29320330",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a recently described genetic connective tissue disorder with a wide spectrum of multisystem involvement. LDS is characterized by rapidly progressive aortic and peripheral arterial aneurysmal"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28737872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease with aortic aneurysms, arterial tortuosity with hypertelorism and bifid"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20662229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 168,
"offsetInEndSection": 553,
"text": "She underwent a valve sparing operation with graft replacement of the ascending aorta and the proximal portion of the aortic arch. After the 1st operation, she was diagnosed with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), which is recently described as an autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome caused by heterozygous mutations in the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 1 and 2 genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339686",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare autosomal-dominant connective tissue disorder that can lead to aortic aneurysm"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37823753",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder associated with aortic root enlargement and risk of thoracic aorti"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36483799",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by heterozygous mutations causing multisystemic alterations. It was recently described in 2005, and today at least six different subtypes have been identified. Classically presenting with aortic root enlargement "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35662564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1080,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder that arises from mutations altering the transforming growth factor β signalling pathway. Due to the recent discovery of the underlying genetic mutations leading to LDS, the spectrum of characteristics and complications is not fully understood.METHODS: Our search included five databases (Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE and google scholar) and included variations of \"Loeys-Dietz Syndrome\" as search terms, using all available data until February 2021. All study types were included. Three reviewers screened 1394 abstracts, of which 418 underwent full-text review and 392 were included in the final analysis.RESULTS: We identified 3896 reported cases of LDS with the most commonly reported features and complications being: aortic aneurysms and dissections, arterial tortuosity, high arched palate, abnormal uvula and hypertelorism. LDS Types 1 and 2 share many clinical features, LDS Type 2 appears to have a more aggressive aortic disease. LDS Type 3 demonstrated an increased prevalence of mitral"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32559129",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 527,
"offsetInEndSection": 833,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder which has combined and multi-systemic manifestations. The increased breakdown of extracellular matrix predisposes an individual to developing aneurysms in the aortic tree which is undoubtedly the most significant complication of this disorder."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32559129",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1052,
"offsetInEndSection": 1195,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is an aggressive genetic condition that predisposes an individual to the development of life-threatening aortic aneurysms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31085000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 154,
"offsetInEndSection": 286,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a connective tissue disorder characterized by aortic aneurysms, arterial tortuosity, and aortic dissections."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30833837",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a genetic disorder that predisposes patients to aortic aneurysms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36219981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 80,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "The major hallmark of LDS is thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27521346",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder associated with aortic aneurysmal disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230898",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 175,
"text": "Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder with underlying vasculopathy characterized by aortic and other vascular aneurysmal dissection/rupture."
}
]
| 13 | BioASQ-training13b | null | null | 661a6733fdcbea915f00005c | 1,434 |
yesno | Should perampanel be used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No. Perampanel should not be used for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34322897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34191081"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34322897",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 869,
"offsetInEndSection": 1270,
"text": "RESULTS: Six participants were enrolled. All had adverse events, mostly behavioral. Two completed the trial and the other four withdrew due to adverse events. All participants reported resolution of these events after discontinuation of the drug. The trial was halted due to the large number of adverse events.DISCUSSION: The use of perampanel in this study of ALS was limited by its poor tolerability"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34191081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1285,
"offsetInEndSection": 1438,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Perampanel was associated with a significant decline in ALSFRS-R score and was linked to worsening of the bulbar subscore in the 8 mg group."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34322897",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1179,
"offsetInEndSection": 1269,
"text": "DISCUSSION: The use of perampanel in this study of ALS was limited by its poor tolerabilit"
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f93e68882a024a1000004d | 1,435 |
yesno | Is it feasible to determine the complete proteome of yeast? | ['Yes'] | [
"Yes"
]
| ['Yes, since the complete genome of yeast is known.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23334424",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16784548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15768030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14730684",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12912986"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438854",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 101,
"offsetInEndSection": 191,
"text": "or model organisms like yeast, we can now quantify complete proteomes in just a few hours."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23334424",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "A complete mass-spectrometric map of the yeast proteome applied to quantitative trait analysis."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23334424",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 488,
"offsetInEndSection": 806,
"text": "So far, attempts to generate such maps for any proteome have failed to reach complete proteome coverage. Here we use a strategy based on high-throughput peptide synthesis and mass spectrometry to generate an almost complete reference map (97% of the genome-predicted proteins) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020543",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015003"
]
| null | 5157fce5d24251bc0500008c | 1,436 |
yesno | Can TAD disruption lead to disease? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['TAD boundaries are insulators of genomic neighborhoods. Τhe disruption of these structures by genomic rearrangements can result in gene misexpression and disease.', 'We discuss how the disruption of these structures by genomic rearrangements can result in gene misexpression and disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28408976",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30086749",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29990539",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30241613",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30374058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26862051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495304",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25959774"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29990539",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 695,
"offsetInEndSection": 954,
"text": "its perturbation will lead to human disease, highlighting the accumulating evidence that links the diverse 3D genome architecture components to a multitude of human diseases and the emerging mechanisms by which 3D genome derangement causes disease phenotypes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30241613",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "TAD boundaries are insulators of genomic neighborhoods. In this issue, Sun et al. show that disease-associated tandem repeats are located to TAD boundaries and affect their insulation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28408976",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 552,
"offsetInEndSection": 773,
"text": "Recent studies of TAD boundaries disrupted in engineered mouse models show that boundary mutations can recapitulate human developmental disorders as a result of aberrant promoter-enhancer interactions in the affected TADs"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28408976",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 775,
"offsetInEndSection": 941,
"text": "Similar boundary disruptions in certain cancers can result in oncogene overexpression, and CTCF binding sites at boundaries appear to be hyper-mutated across cancers."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26862051",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 440,
"offsetInEndSection": 546,
"text": "the disruption of these structures by genomic rearrangements can result in gene misexpression and disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111891",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 35,
"text": "TAD disruption as oncogenic driver."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 278,
"offsetInEndSection": 409,
"text": "Recent studies have shown that TAD disruption is often found in cancer cells and contributes to oncogenesis through two mechanisms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 157,
"offsetInEndSection": 277,
"text": "Disruption of TAD boundaries results in aberrant gene expression by exposing genes to inappropriate regulatory elements."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30086749",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 457,
"offsetInEndSection": 625,
"text": "However, it is not clear to which extent TAD regions are conserved in evolution and whether disruption of TADs by evolutionary rearrangements can alter gene expression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30374058",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 239,
"offsetInEndSection": 409,
"text": "Disruption of this organization by structural variations can lead to ectopic interactions between enhancers and promoters, and to alteration of genes expression patterns."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30086749",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 349,
"offsetInEndSection": 456,
"text": "Disruption of TADs can result in altered gene expression and is associated to genetic diseases and cancers."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30374058",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Deletion in 2q35 excluding the IHH gene leads to fetal severe limb anomalies and suggests a disruption of chromatin architecture."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25959774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 194,
"offsetInEndSection": 315,
"text": "We demonstrate that disruption of TADs can rewire long-range regulatory architecture and result in pathogenic phenotypes. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 192,
"offsetInEndSection": 312,
"text": "Disruption of TAD boundaries results in aberrant gene expression by exposing genes to inappropriate regulatory elements. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30086749",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 476,
"offsetInEndSection": 583,
"text": "Disruption of TADs can result in altered gene expression and is associated to genetic diseases and cancers. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495304",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1077,
"offsetInEndSection": 1187,
"text": "Disruption of a TAD boundary causes ectopic chromosomal contacts and long-range transcriptional misregulation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28408976",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 632,
"offsetInEndSection": 854,
"text": "Recent studies of TAD boundaries disrupted in engineered mouse models show that boundary mutations can recapitulate human developmental disorders as a result of aberrant promoter-enhancer interactions in the affected TADs. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 313,
"offsetInEndSection": 444,
"text": "Recent studies have shown that TAD disruption is often found in cancer cells and contributes to oncogenesis through two mechanisms. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30374058",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 368,
"offsetInEndSection": 538,
"text": "Disruption of this organization by structural variations can lead to ectopic interactions between enhancers and promoters, and to alteration of genes expression patterns. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28408976",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 855,
"offsetInEndSection": 1021,
"text": "Similar boundary disruptions in certain cancers can result in oncogene overexpression, and CTCF binding sites at boundaries appear to be hyper-mutated across cancers. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30086749",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 584,
"offsetInEndSection": 752,
"text": "However, it is not clear to which extent TAD regions are conserved in evolution and whether disruption of TADs by evolutionary rearrangements can alter gene expression. "
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5ca61176ecadf2e73f00004e | 1,437 |
yesno | Have thyronamines effects on fat tissue? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| thyronamines cause reduction of fat mass | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20880963"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20880963",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 641,
"offsetInEndSection": 947,
"text": "Intraperitoneal or central injection of 3-T(1)AM or T(0)AM into mice, rats, or Djungarian hamsters caused various prompt effects, such as metabolic depression, hypothermia, negative chronotropy, negative inotropy, hyperglycemia, reduction of the respiratory quotient, ketonuria, and reduction of fat mass. "
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000273",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4251308"
]
| []
| 534bf050aeec6fbd07000015 | 1,438 |
yesno | Can gene therapy restore auditory function? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, gene therapy can restore auditory function.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28165476"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28165476",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Gene therapy restores auditory and vestibular function in a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 1c."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28165476",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 706,
"offsetInEndSection": 1102,
"text": "We demonstrate recovery of gene and protein expression, restoration of sensory cell function, rescue of complex auditory function and recovery of hearing and balance behavior to near wild-type levels. The data represent unprecedented recovery of inner ear function and suggest that biological therapies to treat deafness may be suitable for translation to humans with genetic inner ear disorders."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5be94b87133db5eb78000020 | 1,439 |
yesno | Are CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells and CD4+ Helper T cells generated in the thyroid and express the T-cell receptor? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['Through positive selection, double-positive cells in the thymus differentiate into CD4(+) or CD8(+) T single-positive cells that subsequently develop into different types of effective T cells, such as T-helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells, These two cell types are derived from common precursors in the thymus.', 'no, CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells, like CD4+ Helper T cells, are generated in the thymus not the thyroid and express the T-cell receptor.', 'The CD4(+) helper versus CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell fate decision serves as an excellent model to study binary fate decision processes. These two cell types are derived from common precursors in the thymus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26301869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25591463",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7904067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1533274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28382035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29677476",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882415",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2573519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10761920"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29677476",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "A fundamental question in developmental immunology is how bipotential thymocyte precursors generate both CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell lineages."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28382035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 182,
"offsetInEndSection": 414,
"text": "CD4+CD8+ progenitor thymocytes undergo selection following interaction with MHC class I and class II molecules bearing peptide self-antigens, giving rise to CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper or regulatory T cell lineages, respectively."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26301869",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 243,
"text": "Through positive selection, double-positive cells in the thymus differentiate into CD4(+) or CD8(+) T single-positive cells that subsequently develop into different types of effective T cells, such as T-helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26301869",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 294,
"offsetInEndSection": 448,
"text": "Development, differentiation, and function of thymocytes and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are controlled by a multitude of secreted and intracellular factors"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25591463",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 523,
"offsetInEndSection": 728,
"text": ". The CD4(+) helper versus CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell fate decision serves as an excellent model to study binary fate decision processes. These two cell types are derived from common precursors in the thymus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10761920",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 279,
"text": "Signals elicited by binding of the T-cell antigen receptor and the CD4/CD8 co-receptor to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules control the generation of CD4+ (helper) or CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells from thymic precursors that initially express both co-receptor proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1533274",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 242,
"offsetInEndSection": 427,
"text": "In the thymus, mature CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+ T cells expressing alpha beta T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) develop from immature thymocytes through CD4+CD8+ alpha beta TCR+ intermediates."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2573519",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 299,
"offsetInEndSection": 559,
"text": "In the thymus, immature CD8(-4)-TCR- cells differentiate, possibly via a short stage of CD8+4- thymocytes, into CD8+4+ TCR+ T cells and mature further into the main T cell populations, the CD8+4- TCR+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the CD4+8- TCR+ T helper cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7904067",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 132,
"offsetInEndSection": 264,
"text": "In the mammalian thymus, CD4 helper T cells and CD8 cytotoxic T cells arise from a common precursor that expresses both CD4 and CD8."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e2e1017fbd6abf43b000020 | 1,440 |
yesno | Is pesticide exposure associated with polyneuropathy? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| Yes, pesticide exposure is associated with delayed polyneuropathy. Electrophysiological studies have revealed three characteristic phenomena: (i) repetitive firing following a single stimulus; (ii) gradual reduction in twitch height or compound muscle action potential followed by an increase with repetitive stimulation (the 'decrement-increment response'); and (iii) continued reduction in twitch height or compound muscle action potential with repetitive simulation ('decrementing response'). Pesticide exposure was also implicated in Alzheimer's disease, suicide attempts and affective disorders. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16856766",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18780003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19079407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23185328",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22728724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21601587",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21787602",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19922373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16042503",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15116371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14691285",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12718377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11843436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600725",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11146591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10528323",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9592856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7787373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7998771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8160653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1481520",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1665780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2158793",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2707289",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2462700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6179111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251841",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251840",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21258583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22655091",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22399093",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21120082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22262687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17107865"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16856766",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 262,
"offsetInEndSection": 431,
"text": "As the syndrome occurred after the acute cholinergic syndrome but before organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy, the syndrome was called 'intermediate syndrome'."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16856766",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 817,
"offsetInEndSection": 1204,
"text": "The characteristic features of the IMS are weakness of the muscles of respiration (diaphragm, intercostal muscles and accessory muscles including neck muscles) and of proximal limb muscles. Accompanying features often include weakness of muscles innervated by some cranial nerves. It is now emerging that the degree and extent of muscle weakness may vary following the onset of the IMS. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16856766",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3353,
"offsetInEndSection": 3805,
"text": "Electrophysiological studies following OP poisoning have revealed three characteristic phenomena: (i) repetitive firing following a single stimulus; (ii) gradual reduction in twitch height or compound muscle action potential followed by an increase with repetitive stimulation (the 'decrement-increment response'); and (iii) continued reduction in twitch height or compound muscle action potential with repetitive simulation ('decrementing response'). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18780003",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 158,
"offsetInEndSection": 387,
"text": "Organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy is a sensory-motor distal axonopathy which usually occurs after exposure of certain OP insecticides. Neuropathies due to ingestion of OPs have rarely been reported in the literature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18780003",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 525,
"offsetInEndSection": 830,
"text": "We report a patient with serious organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy due to malathion injection. The patient was a 32-year-old female who self-injected undetermined amounts of malathion over the median nerve trace on the forearm crease in a suicide attempt which resulted in peripheral neuropathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19079407",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 695,
"offsetInEndSection": 845,
"text": " Acutely, these patients present with cholinergic crisis; intermediate syndrome and delayed polyneuropathy are other sequel of this form of poisoning."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23185328",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1667,
"offsetInEndSection": 1803,
"text": "There was no strong evidence of irreversible peripheral nerve damage following acute OP poisoning, however further studies are required."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22728724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1345,
"offsetInEndSection": 1613,
"text": "Particular interactions are also addressed, such as those of pesticides acting as endocrine disruptors, the cumulative toxicity of organophosphates and organochlorines resulting in estrogenic effects and the promotion of organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21601587",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1172,
"offsetInEndSection": 1453,
"text": "The multivariate analyses showed that the population living in areas with high pesticide use had an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and suicide attempts and that males living in these areas had increased risks for polyneuropathies, affective disorders and suicide attempts. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21787602",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 110,
"offsetInEndSection": 357,
"text": "These compounds cause four important neurotoxic effects in humans: the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19922373",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 262,
"offsetInEndSection": 819,
"text": "An 18-year-old woman and a 22-year-old man were admitted to the hospital with weakness, paresthesia, and gait disturbances at 35 and 22 days, respectively, after ingesting dimethyl-2,2-dichloro vinyl phosphate (DDVP). Neurological examination revealed weakness, vibration sense loss, bilateral dropped foot, brisk deep tendon reflexes, and bilaterally positive Babinski sign. Electroneurography demonstrated distal motor polyneuropathy with segmental demyelination associated with axonal degeneration prominent in the distal parts of both lower extremities."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702122",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 741,
"offsetInEndSection": 912,
"text": "Sensory complaints and electrodiagnostic findings consistent with polyneuropathy were found in a minority (3/7) of subjects 28 years after an acute toxic arsenic exposure."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16042503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 139,
"text": "Organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) is a rare toxicity resulting from exposure to certain organophosphorus (OP) esters. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16042503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1800,
"offsetInEndSection": 1914,
"text": "Therefore, OPIDP may develop only after very large exposures to insecticides, causing severe cholinergic toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15116371",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "Several studies have reported the occurrence of sensory neuropathy with exposure to chlorpyrifos and other organophosphorus insecticides, at levels not associated with overt toxicity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15116371",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1282,
"offsetInEndSection": 1478,
"text": "We found no evidence of sensory neuropathy or isolated peripheral abnormalities among subjects with long-term chlorpyrifos exposure at levels known to be associated with the manufacturing process."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14691285",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1498,
"offsetInEndSection": 1790,
"text": "Persistent, mainly motor, impairment of the peripheral nervous system was found in men two years after OP poisoning, in particular in severe occupational and intentional poisonings with neuropathic OPs. This finding is possibly due to remaining organophosphate induced delayed polyneuropathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12718377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 119,
"offsetInEndSection": 284,
"text": "Besides the well known acute cholinergic toxicity, these compounds may cause late-onset distal polyneuropathy occurring two to three weeks after the acute exposure. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12718377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 568,
"offsetInEndSection": 730,
"text": "Electromyography demonstrated motor weighed sensory-motor polyneuropathy with axonal degeneration significant in the distal parts of bilateral lower extremities. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12718377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 866,
"offsetInEndSection": 1055,
"text": "The two cases are presented here since organophosphate poisonings are common in our country, and since late-onset polyneuropathy is not a well known clinical presentation as acute toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11843436",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "The course of organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) in humans has not been quantitatively measured in epidemiologic studies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11843436",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1206,
"offsetInEndSection": 1443,
"text": "The persistence of deficits in motor strength in all severely poisoned patients regardless of pesticide type was unexpected, and may reflect persistent cholinergic blockade or intermediate syndrome, neuropathy, or a combination of these."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600725",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1517,
"offsetInEndSection": 1679,
"text": "The findings showed a strong association between exposure to OP concentrate and neurological symptoms, but a less consistent association with sensory thresholds. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11146591",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 284,
"offsetInEndSection": 734,
"text": "Following accidental or suicidal exposure, these anticholinesterases lead to three well defined neurological syndromes i.e. initial life threatening acute cholinergic crisis which often requires management in intensive care unit, intermediate syndrome in which cranial nerve palsies, proximal muscle weakness and respiratory muscle weakness are common and patients often require respiratory support and delayed organophosphate induced polyneuropathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10528323",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "[Late onset polyneuropathy due to exposure to organophosphates]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10528323",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 173,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": " Less often a polyneuropathic syndrome of late onset may occur."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10528323",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 840,
"offsetInEndSection": 1051,
"text": "On electromyography there was sensomotor peripheral polyneuropathy, which was primarily axonal and predominantly motor and distal. Peripheral nerve biopsy confirmed the presence of 'dying back' type axonopathy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10528323",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1180,
"offsetInEndSection": 1367,
"text": "Agricultural workers chronically exposed to organophosphate insecticides, without adequate protection, have an increased risk of developing late onset neuropathy due to organophosphates. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9592856",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 401,
"offsetInEndSection": 750,
"text": "Epidemiologic studies on pesticides have found associations with long-term effects on health mainly in three fields: cancer (especially hematological cancer), neurotoxic effects (polyneuropathy, neuro-behavioral hazards, Parkinson's disease), and reproductive disorders (infertility, birth defects, adverse pregnancy outcomes, perinatal mortality). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311548",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 839,
"offsetInEndSection": 1015,
"text": "EMG studies showed evidence of partial denervation of the anterior tibial group of muscles and flexor digiti minimi in 2 of the 30 workers (6.7%) who underwent EMG examination."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7787373",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 441,
"offsetInEndSection": 737,
"text": "Neurological symptoms consist in cerebro-organic disfunctions, locomotory disorders reminiscent of multiple sclerosis or M. Parkinson, and sensory, motoric and vegetative polyneuropathy, leading, for instance, to cardiovascular regulatory disorder like sympathicotonia or, orthostatic hypotonia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7998771",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 802,
"offsetInEndSection": 972,
"text": "Thirty percent of patients had definite or possible exposure to organophosphate pesticides, and the peak use coincides with the peak incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8160653",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1045,
"offsetInEndSection": 1289,
"text": "These results suggest that previously reported cases of organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy may represent only the worst disease in a spectrum of impairment, a sequela of exposure that may be much more common than previously thought."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1481520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 260,
"offsetInEndSection": 367,
"text": "It is suggested that the main cause of nervous lesions in these cases was the complex effect of pesticides."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1665780",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 330,
"offsetInEndSection": 415,
"text": "Delayed polyneuropathy develops within 1 to 3 weeks and abates after 6 to 12 months. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2158793",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "Isolated case reports have circumstantially linked the use of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to polyneuropathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2158793",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1028,
"offsetInEndSection": 1117,
"text": "Thus, the weight of evidence indicates that 2,4-D is an unlikely cause of polyneuropathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2707289",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "A patient is reported presenting a cerebellar disorder developing about 5 weeks after acute exposure to an organophosphate insecticide. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2462700",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 169,
"offsetInEndSection": 364,
"text": "Less well known, but more complex and idiosyncratic, is the potential for some agents to produce a delayed and progressive polyneuropathy--Organophosphorus Induced Delayed Neurotox-icity (OPIDN)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2462700",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1379,
"offsetInEndSection": 1570,
"text": " It is also quite probable that human neurotoxicity may be a potential hazard from exposure to more than the handful of organophosphorus pesticides that have been described in the literature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6179111",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 264,
"offsetInEndSection": 601,
"text": "In the present study the electroencephalograms of 3 of a group 10 workmen, who had been continually exposed to hexachlorcyclohexane, show pathological findings. The electromyograms of 8 of these 10 workman demonstrate a disturbance of the peripherical motoneuron. All probands, who exhibit o pathological EEG, also show a polyneuropathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194975",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Many organophosphorus compounds, including the organophosphate insecticides, may cause polyneuropathy of delayed onset."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194975",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 231,
"offsetInEndSection": 333,
"text": "Nevertheless, we describe a patient with delayed polyneuropathy after suicidal ingestion of parathion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23185328",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "Following acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning patients complain of numbness without objective sensory abnormalities or other features of OP induced delayed polyneuropathy. "
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010575",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011115",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004781",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1389"
]
| []
| 530cefaaad0bf1360c000010 | 1,441 |
yesno | Is pacritinib effective for treatment of myelofibrosis? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes. Pacritinib (PAC), a multi-kinase inhibitor with specificity for JAK2, FLT3, and IRAK1 but sparing JAK1, has demonstrated clinical activity in myelofibrosis with minimal myelosuppression.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29562644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29650801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26288713",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29235894",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26367195",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28441920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30001163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29616317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26389774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27931243",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27226728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24746271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29785143",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28336242"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29235894",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Pacritinib and its use in the treatment of patients with myelofibrosis who have thrombocytopenia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29235894",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 490,
"offsetInEndSection": 736,
"text": "Pacritinib, a dual JAK2 and FLT3 inhibitor which also inhibits IRAK1, has demonstrated the ability to favorably impact MF-associated splenomegaly and symptom burden, while having limited myelosuppression with manageable gastrointestinal toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29650801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 556,
"offsetInEndSection": 631,
"text": "Other JAKis, such as fedratinib and pacritinib, proved to be useful in MF. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522138",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2640,
"offsetInEndSection": 2879,
"text": "Conclusions and Relevance: In patients with myelofibrosis and thrombocytopenia, including those with prior anti-JAK therapy, pacritinib twice daily was more effective than BAT, including ruxolitinib, for reducing splenomegaly and symptoms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29562644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1166,
"offsetInEndSection": 1308,
"text": "Developments of JAK inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib, pacritinib, momelotinib, and febratinib enabled the effective management in MF patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29616317",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 330,
"offsetInEndSection": 507,
"text": " Pacritinib (PAC), a multi-kinase inhibitor with specificity for JAK2, FLT3, and IRAK1 but sparing JAK1, has demonstrated clinical activity in MF with minimal myelosuppression. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28336242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2714,
"offsetInEndSection": 2869,
"text": "Pacritinib could be a treatment option for patients with myelofibrosis, including those with baseline cytopenias for whom options are particularly limited."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522138",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2652,
"offsetInEndSection": 2890,
"text": "Conclusions and Relevance\nIn patients with myelofibrosis and thrombocytopenia, including those with prior anti-JAK therapy, pacritinib twice daily was more effective than BAT, including ruxolitinib, for reducing splenomegaly and symptoms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30001163",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 853,
"offsetInEndSection": 970,
"text": "Expert commentary: Pacritinib has demonstrated promising results in patients with myelofibrosis and thrombocytopenia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26367195",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 331,
"offsetInEndSection": 673,
"text": "Pacritinib, a dual JAK2 and FLT3 inhibitor, improves disease-related symptoms and signs with manageable gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with myelofibrosis with splenomegaly and high-risk features, without causing overt myelosuppression, and therefore may provide an important treatment option for a range of patients with myelofibrosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762180",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1202,
"offsetInEndSection": 1349,
"text": "Pacritinib is an active agent in patients with MF, offering a potential treatment option for patients with preexisting anemia and thrombocytopenia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29616317",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 331,
"offsetInEndSection": 506,
"text": "Pacritinib (PAC), a multi-kinase inhibitor with specificity for JAK2, FLT3, and IRAK1 but sparing JAK1, has demonstrated clinical activity in MF with minimal myelosuppression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26367195",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 728,
"offsetInEndSection": 905,
"text": "This article examines the role of JAK2 and FLT3 signaling in myelofibrosis and provides an overview of the clinical development of pacritinib as a new therapy for myelofibrosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26389774",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1309,
"offsetInEndSection": 1574,
"text": "Pacritinib appears to be an effective agent for the control of MF-related symptoms and splenomegaly with potentially fewer haematological side-effects when compared with ruxolitinib and seems a particularly promising agent for anaemic and thrombocytopenic patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30001163",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 874,
"offsetInEndSection": 991,
"text": "Expert commentary: Pacritinib has demonstrated promising results in patients with myelofibrosis and thrombocytopenia."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c663afe7c78d69471000013 | 1,442 |
yesno | Does burning mouth syndrome preferentially affect post-mepopausal women? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| BMS is observed principally in middle-aged patients and postmenopausal women
BMS mostly affects elderly citizens, especially postmenopausal women with prevalence up to 12-18%. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24096230",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23787507",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23772971",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22612823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22030140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21685517",
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"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17967714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10431669",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11871678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8725589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7838464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15055637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10478959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17439072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12618668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911160",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19689438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18558051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6589575",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8469539",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17541900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15195716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201368",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18625105",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11603307",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18278306",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19658340",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18985004",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16142094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7629360",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8170453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20038880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15024358",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17849966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9237148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16905808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23050296",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16637799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17452954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20701667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3476895",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2700889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9844361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19450321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21418666"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24096230",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 172,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "It is observed principally in middle-aged patients and postmenopausal women and may be accompanied by xerostomia and altered taste."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23772971",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 161,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "It occurs more commonly in middle-aged and elderly women and often affects the tongue tip and lateral borders, lips, and hard and soft palate. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22612823",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 289,
"text": "BMS is a chronic disorder that frequently affects women and is characterised by burning symptoms of the oral mucosa without clinical signs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22030140",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 181,
"offsetInEndSection": 279,
"text": "It mostly affects elderly citizens, especially postmenopausal women with prevalence up to 12-18%. "
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002056",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014930",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002054",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009055",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4331",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:403",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016387",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017698",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008593"
]
| []
| 531d76a2267d7dd05300000a | 1,443 |
yesno | Has Hesperidin any role as a Neuroprotective Agent? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ["Neuroprotective effect of hesperetin and nano-hesperetin on recognition memory impairment and the elevated oxygen stress in rat model of Alzheimer's disease", 'Hesperidin has been shown to have a role as a Neuroprotective Agent', 'hesperidin attenuates depression-related symptoms in mice with mild traumatic brain injury', 'Hesperidin attenuates depression-related symptoms in mice with mild traumatic brain injury Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperidin on Cerebral Vasospasm'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24987179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28761134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22850463",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26342684",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25860498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383310",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21445621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24211676",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28721824",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687202",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381129",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16964766",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136946"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136946",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Neuroprotective effect of hesperetin and nano-hesperetin on recognition memory impairment and the elevated oxygen stress in rat model of Alzheimer's disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352242",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 90,
"text": "Hesperidin attenuates depression-related symptoms in mice with mild traumatic brain injury"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448580",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 59,
"text": "Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperidin on Cerebral Vasospasm"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28761134",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "The neuroprotective effect of hesperidin in NMDA-induced retinal injury acts by suppressing oxidative stress and excessive calpain activation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22850463",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1701,
"offsetInEndSection": 1830,
"text": "This study suggests a potential neuroprotective role of hesperidin against 3-NP-induced Huntington's disease-like manifestations."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24987179",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "Hesperidin potentiates the neuroprotective effects of diazepam and gabapentin against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in mice: Possible behavioral, biochemical and mitochondrial alterations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687202",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Hesperidin, a flavanoglycone abundantly present in citrus fruits, is reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25860498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "PURPOSE\nHesperidin, a glycoside flavonoid, is thought to act as an anti-cancer agent, since it has been found to exhibit both pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in several cancer cell types."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381129",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 904,
"offsetInEndSection": 1070,
"text": "Hesperidin is a flavonone glycoside, belonging to the flavonoid family, which is widely found in Citrus species and acts as a potent antioxidant and anticancer agent."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21445621",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nHesperidin, a flavanone present in citrus fruits, has been identified as a potent anticancer agent because of its proapoptotic and antiproliferative characteristics in some tumor cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381129",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "Oxidative stress and cancer; the role of hesperidin, a citrus natural bioflavonoid, as a cancer chemoprotective agent."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1337,
"offsetInEndSection": 1543,
"text": "Our data suggests that hesperidin exerts its neuroprotective effect against rotenone due to its antioxidant, maintenance of mitochondrial function, and antiapoptotic properties in a neuroblastoma cell line."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16964766",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1317,
"offsetInEndSection": 1552,
"text": "Taken together, these results demonstrate potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperetin, implying its potential role in protecting neurons against various types of insults associated with many neurodegenerative diseases."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28761134",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 384,
"text": "The neuroprotective effect of hesperidin in NMDA-induced retinal injury acts by suppressing oxidative stress and excessive calpain activation.We found that hesperidin, a plant-derived bioflavonoid, may be a candidate agent for neuroprotective treatment in the retina, after screening 41 materials for anti-oxidative properties in a primary retinal cell culture under oxidative stress. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205431",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 302,
"text": "Neuroprotective effects of hesperidin, a plant flavanone, on rotenone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in a cellular model for Parkinson's disease.Rotenone a widely used pesticide that inhibits mitochondrial complex I has been used to investigate the pathobiology of PD both in vitro and in vivo. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383310",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Cytoprotective effects of hesperetin and hesperidin against amyloid β-induced impairment of glucose transport through downregulation of neuronal autophagy."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24987179",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 345,
"text": "Hesperidin potentiates the neuroprotective effects of diazepam and gabapentin against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in mice: Possible behavioral, biochemical and mitochondrial alterations.Hesp possesses potent anticonvulsant activity which might be mediated through modulation of gamma-amino butyric acid/benzodiazepine receptor action."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16964766",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 316,
"text": "Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin.The present study evaluated antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of hesperidin, a flavanone mainly isolated from citrus fruits, and its aglycone hesperetin using cell-free bioassay system and primary cultured rat cortical cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22850463",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "Potential neuroprotective effects of hesperidin on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26342684",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "Hesperidin inhibits glutamate release and exerts neuroprotection against excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid in the hippocampus of rats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24211676",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": "Emerging evidences indicate hesperidin, a citrus flavanone, attenuates neurodegenerative processes and related complications."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28721824",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "Potential anti-inflammatory effects of hesperidin from the genus Citrus."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16964766",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 82,
"text": "Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28721824",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 739,
"offsetInEndSection": 899,
"text": "Hesperidin is a flavonoid present in high concentration in citrus species and has numerous biological properties, principally antioxidant and anti-inflammatory."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c674eac7c78d6947100001b | 1,444 |
yesno | Is infertility characteristic of individuals with Fanconi anemia? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, infertility is characteristic of individuals with Fanconi anemia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24438373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913077",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19101574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915857",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25016020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494929",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16078221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20598602",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915769",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25575015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15128600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951543"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25016020",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 244,
"text": "PALB2 links BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Mono-allelic mutations in PALB2 increase the risk of breast, pancreatic, and other cancers, and biallelic mutations cause Fanconi anemia (FA). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25016020",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 621,
"offsetInEndSection": 888,
"text": "Moreover, mutant males showed reduced fertility due to impaired meiosis and increased apoptosis in germ cells. Interestingly, mutant meiocytes showed a significant defect in sex chromosome synapsis, which likely contributed to the germ cell loss and fertility defect."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24438373",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "In females with Fanconi anemia (FA), infertility is often accompanied by diminished ovarian reserve and hypergonadotropic amenorrhea before the age of 30 years, suggesting primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24438373",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1368,
"offsetInEndSection": 1740,
"text": "Substantially reduced AMH levels in females with FA suggest a primary ovarian defect associated with reduced fertility. Measurement of AMH at the time of FA diagnosis and subsequent monitoring of AMH levels at regular intervals may be useful for the timely management of complications related to POI such as subfertility/infertility, osteoporosis, and menopausal symptoms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951543",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 167,
"text": "Fanconi anemia (FA) is a human disease of bone marrow failure, leukemia, squamous cell carcinoma, and developmental anomalies, including hypogonadism and infertility. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20494929",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Reduced fertility is one clinical manifestation among other well known Fanconi anemia features. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951543",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Fanconi anemia (FA) is a human disease of bone marrow failure, leukemia, squamous cell carcinoma, and developmental anomalies, including hypogonadism and infertility"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913077",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "Targeted disruption of exons 1 to 6 of the Fanconi Anemia group A gene leads to growth retardation, strain-specific microphthalmia, meiotic defects and primordial germ cell hypoplasia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951543",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 166,
"text": "Fanconi anemia (FA) is a human disease of bone marrow failure, leukemia, squamous cell carcinoma, and developmental anomalies, including hypogonadism and infertility."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16078221",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": "To potentially reduce late effects of malignancy, chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), endocrinopathy, and infertility in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) undergoing HLA-matched related donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), we developed a regimen using fludarabine (FLU), cyclophosphamide (CY), and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) followed by infusion of T-cell depleted (TCD) bone marrow (BM) or unmanipulated umbilical cord blood (UCB)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15128600",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 795,
"offsetInEndSection": 998,
"text": "Mutations in Fanca account for the majority of cases of Fanconi anemia (FA), a recessively inherited disease identified by congenital defects, bone marrow failure, infertility, and cancer susceptibility."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946016",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 474,
"offsetInEndSection": 697,
"text": "FANCA is mutated in more than 60% of cases of Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, endocrine tissue cancer susceptibility, and infertility."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24438373",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 208,
"text": "In females with Fanconi anemia (FA), infertility is often accompanied by diminished ovarian reserve and hypergonadotropic amenorrhea before the age of 30 years, suggesting primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20598602",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex cancer susceptibility disorder associated with DNA repair defects and infertility, yet the precise function of the FA proteins in genome maintenance remains unclear."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19101574",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 208,
"text": "Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disease resulting in bone marrow failure, high cancer risks, and infertility, and developmental anomalies including microphthalmia, microcephaly, hypoplastic radius and thumb."
}
]
| 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005199",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2355",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13636",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007248",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:5223",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007246",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007247"
]
| null | 58b6d26122d300530900000e | 1,445 |
yesno | Is the protein Asporin related to disease? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes,\nAccumulating evidence demonstrates the involvement of asporin in OA pathogenesis. Asporin has been reported as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, while asporin-activated invasion has been described in gastric cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25689697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27409832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28152543",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27705916"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25689697",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 307,
"offsetInEndSection": 388,
"text": "Accumulating evidence demonstrates the involvement of asporin in OA pathogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27409832",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "Asporin has been reported as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, while asporin-activated invasion has been described in gastric cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27705916",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "Asporin has been implicated as an oncogene in various types of human cancers; "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27705916",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1264,
"offsetInEndSection": 1425,
"text": " These results suggested that asporin promoted the tumor growth and metastasis of CRC, and it could be a potential therapeutic target for CRC patients in future."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28152543",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1975,
"offsetInEndSection": 2118,
"text": "Our results suggest that ASPN is a stromally expressed biomarker that correlates with disease progression, and is observed in reactive stroma. "
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c8ab614d558e5f23200000d | 1,446 |
yesno | Is statin use associated with improved outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| Statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage has been shown be associated with improved outcomes by some prospective clinical trials. It has been reported that statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage reduced rates of vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and mortality. However, other authors have failed to find beneficial effect of statin use in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19231192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19199459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23633351",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22929438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21926584",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21755120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21125471",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20934152",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19912325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19875741",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19614959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19439205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197830",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18691455",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18658040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18382320",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17413047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17029334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16049199",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15730572",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21556312",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17986515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23691312",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24323051"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19231192",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "Statins have been shown in two recent small phase I/II trials to be associated with a marked reduction in clinical and transcranial Doppler (TCD) evidence of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19231192",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 503,
"offsetInEndSection": 658,
"text": "Statins did not result in reduced TCD velocities, clinical or angiographic vasospasm, or improvements in global outcome at the time of hospital discharge. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19231192",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 802,
"offsetInEndSection": 900,
"text": "There remains significant uncertainty as to the role of statins in preventing vasospasm after SAH."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19199459",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 110,
"offsetInEndSection": 308,
"text": "Although the results of 2 randomized clinical trials demonstrated that statin decreases the incidence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aSAH, retrospective studies have failed to confirm this."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19199459",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1473,
"offsetInEndSection": 1825,
"text": "There were no differences in the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm (25.3 vs 30.5%; p = 0.277), in-hospital mortality rate (18 vs 15%; p = 0.468), length of hospitalization (21 +/- 15 vs 19 +/- 12 days; p = 0.281), or poor outcome at discharge (Glasgow Outcome Scale Scores 1-2: 21.7 vs 18.2%; p = 0.416) between the simvastatin and nonstatin cohorts. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19199459",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1882,
"offsetInEndSection": 2126,
"text": "The uniform introduction of simvastatin did not reduce the incidence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, death, or poor outcome in patients with aSAH. Simvastatin was well tolerated, but its benefit may be less than has been previously reported."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23633351",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 190,
"offsetInEndSection": 254,
"text": "Cholesterol-reducing agents might improve unfavourable outcomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23633351",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2150,
"offsetInEndSection": 2326,
"text": "We cannot draw any conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of lowering cholesterol in aneurysmal SAH because of insufficient reliable evidence from only one small trial."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Experimental evidence has indicated the benefit of simvastatin in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298376",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1293,
"offsetInEndSection": 1466,
"text": "There was an improvement in the functional outcome in the simvastatin group at 1, 3 or 6 months in the follow-up; however, this difference was not statistically significant."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298376",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1479,
"offsetInEndSection": 1648,
"text": " There was benefit of simvastatin in terms of reduction in clinical vasospasm, mortality or improved functional outcome, however, this was not statistically significant."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22929438",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 498,
"offsetInEndSection": 713,
"text": "Cerebral vasomotor reactivity, however, is significantly improved after long-term statin administration in most patients with severe small vessel disease, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, or impaired baseline CA."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21926584",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "Atorvastatin decreases computed tomography and S100-assessed brain ischemia after subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage: a comparative study."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21926584",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1232,
"offsetInEndSection": 1845,
"text": "In the overall population, cerebral vasospasm was significantly less common in the statin-treated group. Severity of vasospasm, as assessed on the most severe angiogram, was lowered with statin. Statins significantly reduced volume of ischemia in patients with vasospasm and an uncomplicated coiling procedure. S100B levels were significantly lower in statin-treated patients, and the decrease was greatest among high-grade patients (World Federation of Neurological Surgeons 3-5). No differences were found between statin-treated and untreated groups regarding rescue therapy intensity or 1-yr clinical outcomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21926584",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1859,
"offsetInEndSection": 2321,
"text": "Atorvastatin reduces the incidence, the severity and the ischemic consequences of vasospasm as assessed on computed tomography. In high-grade World Federation of Neurological Surgeons patients, atorvastatin decreases serum levels of S100B, a biomarker of brain ischemia. Despite these positive effects on biomarkers, no improvement of outcome was seen in the overall population, although there was a tendency for a better clinical outcome in high-grade patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21755120",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 281,
"text": "3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or statins, have been associated with improved clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage, but with an increased risk of incidental spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21125471",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 325,
"offsetInEndSection": 536,
"text": "Statins are known to have pleiotropic vascular effects, some of which may interrupt the pathogenesis of DNDs. Based on promising preliminary reports, many clinicians routinely administer statins to prevent DNDs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21125471",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1186,
"offsetInEndSection": 1504,
"text": "However, observational studies have not revealed an association between statin-use and reduced DNDs or improved neurological outcomes. Results of RCTs have been inconsistent and limited by small sample size, but together suggest that statins may reduce DNDs, with no clear impact on mortality or neurological recovery."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21125471",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1639,
"offsetInEndSection": 1797,
"text": "the role of statins in the management of patients with SAH remains unclear. Although promising, statins should not, at this time, be considered standard care."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20934152",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 525,
"offsetInEndSection": 660,
"text": "In patients with SAH, they may decrease the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm, although the effects on overall outcome are less clear."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19912325",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "Statins treatment may have potential clinical impact in vascular disease beyond cholesterol lowering. Its benefits have been documented in cerebral ischaemia and in subarachnoid haemorrhage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19875741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 24,
"offsetInEndSection": 257,
"text": "A recent meta-analysis investigating the efficacy of statin treatment in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage reported a reduced incidence of vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and mortality in statin-treated patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19875741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1479,
"offsetInEndSection": 1711,
"text": "The results of the present systematic review do not lend statistically significant support to the finding of a beneficial effect of statins in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage as reported in a previous meta-analysis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19614959",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 253,
"text": "Pre-treatment with cholesterol lowering drugs of the statin family may exert protective effects in patients with ischaemic stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage but their effects are not clear in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 288,
"text": "Recently, two randomized controlled phase II studies showed that acute initiation of statin treatment directly after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) decreases the incidence of radiologic vasospasm and clinical signs of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and even reduces mortality."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1218,
"offsetInEndSection": 1367,
"text": "We conclude that both the primary and secondary outcome results of this study do not support a beneficial effect of simvastatin in patients with SAH."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19439205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1051,
"offsetInEndSection": 1215,
"text": "Novel uses of their anti-inflammatory properties in sepsis and vasomotor properties in subarachnoid haemorrhage are being further investigated by randomised trials."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18691455",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 793,
"offsetInEndSection": 970,
"text": "A trend towards a lower mortality within 14 days in patients receiving solely simvastatin and those receiving statin and magnesium as compared with the control group was found. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18658040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1405,
"offsetInEndSection": 1546,
"text": "Initiation of statin therapy after aneurysmal SAH significantly reduces the incidence of vasospasm, delayed ischemic deficits, and mortality."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18382320",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1806,
"offsetInEndSection": 1986,
"text": "The addition of statins to standard care was not associated with any reduction in the development of vasospasm or improvement in outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17413047",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 24,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "We have previously demonstrated that acute pravastatin therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ameliorates vasospasm-related delayed ischemic deficits."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17413047",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1335,
"offsetInEndSection": 1617,
"text": " This trial demonstrates that acute statin treatment reduces traditional rescue therapy for vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Improvement in early outcome has proved robust at 6 months, particularly in relation to physical and psychosocial (Short Form 36) outcome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17029334",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 8,
"offsetInEndSection": 214,
"text": "The authors previously have demonstrated that acute treatment with pravastatin after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can ameliorate vasospasm-related delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DINDs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17029334",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1715,
"offsetInEndSection": 1853,
"text": "The neuroprotective effects of acute treatment with pravastatin following aneurysmal SAH are associated with enhancement of autoregulation"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051891",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a pilot randomized clinical trial."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051891",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1580,
"offsetInEndSection": 1861,
"text": "The use of simvastatin as prophylaxis against delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal SAH is a safe and well-tolerated intervention. Its use attenuates serum markers associated with brain injury and decreases the incidence of radiographic vasospasm and delayed ischemic deficit."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16049199",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1553,
"offsetInEndSection": 1709,
"text": "Acute treatment with pravastatin after aSAH is safe and ameliorates cerebral vasospasm, improves cerebral autoregulation, and reduces vasospasm-related DID."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15730572",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1557,
"offsetInEndSection": 1911,
"text": " SAH statin users demonstrated significant improvement in 14-day functional outcome, a significantly lower incidence of DCI and cerebral infarctions of any type, as well as prevention of TCD highest mean velocity elevation. However, we did not find a significant statin impact on mortality or global outcome (Modified Rankin Scale) in this small sample. "
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013345",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017063",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010043",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019161"
]
| []
| 530e131b5937551c09000002 | 1,447 |
yesno | Are cyclophilins proteins that bind to prolines? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Cyclophilins are ubiquitously expressed proteins that bind to prolines.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25967372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24831536",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12358793"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25967372",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "Cyclophilins are ubiquitously expressed proteins that bind to prolines and can catalyse cis/trans isomerization of proline residues."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823995",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 593,
"offsetInEndSection": 722,
"text": "a characteristic of the cyclophilin family of proteins that bind prolines and often act as cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerases. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24831536",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "The cyclophilins are widely expressed enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of the cis and trans peptide bonds of prolines. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12358793",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1468,
"offsetInEndSection": 1564,
"text": " an immunophilin on the isomerization of critical prolines that are found in the tCHT1 sequence."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | []
| []
| 56f6a63d09dd18d46b00000c | 1,448 |
yesno | Is the mouse Sry gene locus free of repetitive sequences? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells. We have found that in an in vitro assay, the SRY protein binds to several sites of the Sry gene and especially to a (CA)25 sequence and to a (CAG)30 repeat.', 'The presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells.', 'We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells Circularization requires the presence of both IR.', 'We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells We have found that in an in vitro assay, the SRY protein binds to several sites of the Sry gene and especially to a (CA)25 sequence and to a (CAG)30 repeat', 'We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10410901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20851541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24228692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8747544",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1518820",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9369180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8566785"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8566785",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 446,
"offsetInEndSection": 608,
"text": "We demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repeats (IR) flanking the mouse Sry gene leads to the formation of the Sry circular transcript in cultured cells"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8566785",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 610,
"offsetInEndSection": 721,
"text": "Circularization requires the presence of both IR. As few as 400 complementary nt are necessary for this process"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8566785",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 723,
"offsetInEndSection": 830,
"text": "The presence of the IR does not significantly stimulate intermolecular annealing and trans-splicing in vivo"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8747544",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 397,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "We have found that in an in vitro assay, the SRY protein binds to several sites of the Sry gene and especially to a (CA)25 sequence and to a (CAG)30 repeat"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10410901",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "The Q-rich domain of the mouse sex determining gene, Sry, is encoded by an in-frame insertion of a repetitive sequence composed of mostly CAG repeats."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1518820",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 51,
"text": "Inverted repeat structure of the Sry locus in mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20851541",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 442,
"offsetInEndSection": 616,
"text": "We performed separate amplifications of DXZ4 repetitive satellite sequences on the X chromosome, and SRY gene - testis determined factor on the Y chromosome, using nested PCR"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1518820",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 223,
"offsetInEndSection": 423,
"text": "Detailed analysis of the Sry genomic locus reveals a further difference in that the mouse Sry open reading frame lies within 2.8 kilobases of unique sequence at the center of a large inverted repeat. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1518820",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 223,
"offsetInEndSection": 422,
"text": "Detailed analysis of the Sry genomic locus reveals a further difference in that the mouse Sry open reading frame lies within 2.8 kilobases of unique sequence at the center of a large inverted repeat."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9369180",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 269,
"offsetInEndSection": 478,
"text": "The mouse genomic Sry locus is characterized by two arms of a large inverted repeat, flanking a unique region that, between an acceptor and a donor splice site, contains a single exon encoding the Sry protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1518820",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 563,
"offsetInEndSection": 697,
"text": "Recombination involving the repeat region may have led to an 11-kilobase deletion, precisely excising Sry in a line of XY female mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24228692",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 792,
"offsetInEndSection": 914,
"text": "Repetitive element analysis revealed numerous LINE-L1 elements at regions where conservation is lost among the Sry copies."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1518820",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 52,
"text": "Inverted repeat structure of the Sry locus in mice."
}
]
| 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58de34608acda3452900002b | 1,449 |
yesno | Can gas vesicles be detected by ultrasound? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Gas vesicles have been identified as nanoscale reporters for ultrasound.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351374"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351374",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 187,
"offsetInEndSection": 357,
"text": "Gas vesicles-genetically encoded protein nanostructures isolated from buoyant photosynthetic microbes-have recently been identified as nanoscale reporters for ultrasound."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351374",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 774,
"offsetInEndSection": 1041,
"text": "Here, we demonstrate that genetic engineering of gas vesicles results in nanostructures with new mechanical, acoustic, surface, and functional properties to enable harmonic, multiplexed, and multimodal ultrasound imaging as well as cell-specific molecular targeting. "
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a9d30241d1251d03b00001b | 1,450 |
yesno | Does thyroid hormone affect cardiac remodeling ? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| Cardiac function and mechanics are significantly affected by low thyroid function. l-T4 therapy improves but does not completely recover cardiac function in patients with mild hypothyroidism.
Long-term T4 treatment after myocardial infarction has beneficial effects on myocyte, arteriolar, and collagen matrix remodeling in the non-infarcted area. Most importantly, results suggest improved survival of myocytes in the peri-infarct area. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24246300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24187401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24114432",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23554452",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23532677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23409791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19096930",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23762386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24014964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16719939",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22649319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17315395",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19125327",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19107595",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21568669",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24315768",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24217559",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24195179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24152286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23958074",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9489964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24322910"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24246300",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Thyroid hormones exert important effects on heart remodeling through mir-208."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24114432",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1437,
"offsetInEndSection": 1750,
"text": "RV and RA function and mechanics are significantly affected by SHT. l-T4 therapy and 1-year maintenance of euthyroid status improved but did not completely recover RV and RA function and deformation in the SHT patients, which implies that right heart remodeling caused by SHT is not reversible in a 1-year period."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23409791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1745,
"offsetInEndSection": 1998,
"text": "These results suggest that long-term T4 treatment after MI has beneficial effects on myocyte, arteriolar, and collagen matrix remodeling in the non-infarcted area. Most importantly, results suggest improved survival of myocytes in the peri-infarct area."
}
]
| 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D037021",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D037042",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014284",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011989",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_ONCMY",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THB_CHICK",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250045",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4275389",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSHR_MOUSE",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020257"
]
| []
| 52e7b4a198d023950500001b | 1,451 |
yesno | Is gout a very common inflammatory arthritis, which is caused by hyperbilirubinemia? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No, gout is not caused by hyperbilirubinemia. Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Hyperbilirubinemia refers to an elevated level of bilirubin in the blood and is not a known cause of gout. Gout is primarily associated with elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, which leads to the formation of MSU crystals in the joints and tissues.', 'No, gout is not caused by hyperbilirubinemia. Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis that develops due to hyperuricemia (elevated levels of uric acid in the blood). The buildup of uric acid can lead to the formation of urate crystals in joints, fluids, and tissues within the body, causing painful gout flares and potentially leading to joint damage over time. Hyperbilirubinemia, on the other hand, refers to elevated bilirubin levels in the blood and is not directly related to the development of gout.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32541923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34802900"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34802900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 495,
"offsetInEndSection": 508,
"text": "hyperuricemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34802900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 625,
"offsetInEndSection": 701,
"text": "effect of various dietary approaches on hyperuricemia among people with gout"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34802900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 746,
"offsetInEndSection": 813,
"text": "dietary factors appear to have a small effect on serum urate levels"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34802900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1077,
"offsetInEndSection": 1131,
"text": "Urate-lowering therapy remains the mainstay of therapy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32541923",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis and occurs when hyperuricaemia, sustained elevation of serum urate levels resulting in supersaturation of body tissues with urate, leads to the formation and deposition of monosodium urate crystals in and around the joints"
}
]
| 13 | BioASQ-training13b | null | null | 660d6cc3fdcbea915f00003d | 1,452 |
yesno | Is there an association between Histone H3.3 mutations and glioma? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, histone H3.3 mutation in the codon for lysine 27 has been found as driver mutations in pediatric glioblastoma and has been suggested to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of thalamic gliomas and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22286061",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229707",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25281433",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23429371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25976256",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27392443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25219808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24691963",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907119",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26517431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23603901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22661320",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25200322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24285547",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27864305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525250",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23417712",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773741"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27392443",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 522,
"text": "PURPOSE: Histone H3.3 (H3F3A) mutation in the codon for lysine 27 (K27M) has been found as driver mutations in pediatric glioblastoma and has been suggested to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of thalamic gliomas and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. We report a case of thalamic glioma with H3F3A K27M mutation, which was detected in both the primary tumor diagnosed as diffuse astrocytoma obtained during the first surgery and also in the tumor diagnosed as anaplastic astrocytoma obtained at the second surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27392443",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1298,
"offsetInEndSection": 1470,
"text": "CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates minute neuroradiological and pathological features of malignant transformation from thalamic low grade glioma with H3F3A K27M mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773741",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 400,
"offsetInEndSection": 651,
"text": "Recently, sequencing of tumor cells revealed that histone H3 is frequently mutated in pediatric HGG, with up to 78 % of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) carrying K27M and 36 % of non-brainstem gliomas carrying either K27M or G34R/V mutations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25281433",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 623,
"offsetInEndSection": 751,
"text": "The pathological diagnosis was anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and we identified a mutation in histone H3.3 in the tumor specimen."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25281433",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1121,
"offsetInEndSection": 1301,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric brainstem oligodendroglial tumors can include histone H3.3-mutated tumors and have a tendency to disseminate throughout the neuroaxis at the time of relapse."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25976256",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 441,
"offsetInEndSection": 765,
"text": "We highlight the genetic aberrations recently discovered in isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked, death-domain-associated protein, histone H3.3, and telomerase reverse transcriptase and discuss how these mutations lead to unexpected changes in the epigenetic landscape in gliomas."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622842",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1024,
"offsetInEndSection": 1194,
"text": "Particularly striking is the discovery of frequent histone H3.3 mutations in pediatric glioma, a particularly aggressive neoplasm that has long remained poorly understood"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23429371",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 146,
"offsetInEndSection": 454,
"text": "Exon sequencing has identified a mutation in K27M of the histone H3.3 gene (H3F3A K27M and G34R/V) in about 20% of pediatric glioblastomas, but it remains to be seen whether these mutations can be considered specific for pediatric diffuse high-grade astrocytomas or also occur in other pediatric brain tumors"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23603901",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "The histone H3.3K27M mutation in pediatric glioma reprograms H3K27 methylation and gene expression"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907119",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "A lesson learned from the H3.3K27M mutation found in pediatric glioma: a new approach to the study of the function of histone modifications in vivo"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997139",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 212,
"text": "Pediatric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is rare, and there is a single study, a seminal discovery showing association of histone H3.3 and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 mutation with a DNA methylation signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525250",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 213,
"text": "Over 70% of diffuse intrinsic pediatric gliomas, an aggressive brainstem tumor, harbor heterozygous mutations that create a K27M amino acid substitution (methionine replaces lysine 27) in the tail of histone H3.3."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24285547",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Mutations in H3F3A, which encodes histone H3.3, commonly occur in pediatric glioblastoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26517431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 221,
"text": "Somatic mutations of the H3F3A and HIST1H3B genes encoding the histone H3 variants, H3.3 and H3.1, were recently identified in high-grade gliomas arising in the thalamus, pons and spinal cord of children and young adults."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22661320",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "K27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23417712",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "Recurrent mutations affecting the histone H3.3 residues Lys27 or indirectly Lys36 are frequent drivers of pediatric high-grade gliomas (over 30% of HGGs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525250",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Use of human embryonic stem cells to model pediatric gliomas with H3.3K27M histone mutation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907119",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 72,
"offsetInEndSection": 241,
"text": "Recent studies on high-grade pediatric GBM have identified two recurrent mutations (K27M and G34R/V) in genes encoding histone H3 (H3F3A for H3.3 and HIST1H3B for H3.1)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22286061",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodelling genes in paediatric glioblastoma."
}
]
| 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_SPISO",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_VITVI",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_TETTS",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005910",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_LOLMU",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_MEDSA",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_TRIPS",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_TOBAC",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_TETPY",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_XENLA",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001244",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_ARATH",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H33_XENTR"
]
| [
{
"o": "Glioma",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017638"
},
{
"o": "mutation",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0026882"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18555731",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0026882"
},
{
"o": "mutation",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18555731"
},
{
"o": "Association",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0596306"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18667225",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0026882"
},
{
"o": "mutations",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18667225"
}
]
| 5890ede0621ea6ff7e000007 | 1,453 |
yesno | Is co-loss of BRCA2-RB1 associated with better prognosis for prostate cancer patients? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No. Co-loss of BRCA2-RB1 in human prostate cancer cells induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which is associated with invasiveness and a more aggressive disease phenotype.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31796516"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31796516",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1129,
"offsetInEndSection": 1767,
"text": "In human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and LAPC4), loss of BRCA2 leads to the castration-resistant phenotype. Co-loss of BRCA2-RB1 in human prostate cancer cells induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which is associated with invasiveness and a more aggressive disease phenotype. Importantly, PARP inhibitors attenuate cell growth in human mCRPC-derived organoids and human CRPC cells harboring single-copy loss of both genes.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that early identification of this aggressive form of prostate cancer offers potential for improved outcomes with early introduction of PARP inhibitor-based therapy."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 6020010a1cb411341a00007c | 1,454 |
yesno | Is edema a symptom of nephrotic syndrome? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, edema is the commonest presenting symptom and sign in nephrotic syndrome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17448310",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368913",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884998",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17111701",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10361423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15852660",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1953084",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9241903",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23510630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21234253",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21302208",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24240509",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17009081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26457719",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26281851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722313",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23529637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11928729",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12508485",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24533195",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10215332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25400184",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26178548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16247647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20924604"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26281851",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common clinical disease with four main clinical manifestations: hypoalbuminemia (<30 g/L), macro-proteinuria (>3.5 g/24 h), edema, and hyperlipidemia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 73,
"text": "Nephrotic syndrome is an unusual manifestation of IgA Nephropathy (IgAN)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 207,
"offsetInEndSection": 355,
"text": "Twelve patients with IgAN with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome were evaluated and followed up. All patients presented with generalized edema. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1212,
"offsetInEndSection": 1406,
"text": "The clinical features of sudden onset of generalized edema, initial heavy proteinuria and initial severe hypoalbuminemia might help identify the subset of patients, especially in low grade IgAN."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 608,
"offsetInEndSection": 755,
"text": "Most patients presented within 3 months duration (61.4%) and the most common symptom was puffiness of face (98.45%) followed by pedal edema (91%). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 117,
"offsetInEndSection": 381,
"text": "We analyzed medical records of 290 patients with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome as defined by International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC), between January 1987 and December 2000, at the Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15852660",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 222,
"offsetInEndSection": 402,
"text": "He was admitted because of systemic edema and dyspnea on effort Laboratory data revealed renal failure and nephrotic syndrome, whereas there was no symptom of diabetic retinopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11928729",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 42,
"text": "Nephrotic syndrome: more than just oedema."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11928729",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": "Oedema is the commonest presenting symptom and sign in nephrotic syndrome. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21302208",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 242,
"offsetInEndSection": 428,
"text": "One of these five clinical syndromes is the nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by proteinuria > 3.5 g/day accompanied by hypalbuminemia, hyperlipoproteinemia and pronounced edema"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24240509",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "Tolvaptan therapy for massive edema in a patient with nephrotic syndrome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24240509",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by water and sodium retention, which leads to edema"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24240509",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 94,
"offsetInEndSection": 555,
"text": "The non-osmotic stimulation of arginine vasopressin release from the pituitary gland has been implicated as one of the important factors in abnormal water retention in patients with NS.We present the initial description of a patient with massive edema caused by refractory nephrotic syndrome, which was effectively treated with tolvaptan, a selective oral vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist.Tolvaptan is effective for the treatment of massive edema caused by NS"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26178548",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 318,
"offsetInEndSection": 487,
"text": "We report a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with diuretic-resistant nephrotic edema treated successfully using acute peritoneal dialysis as a means of UF"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26457719",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Albumin and Furosemide Combination for Management of Edema in Nephrotic Syndrome: A Review of Clinical Studies"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26457719",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "The treatment of edema in patients with nephrotic syndrome is generally managed by dietary sodium restriction and loop diuretics"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20924604",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 720,
"offsetInEndSection": 858,
"text": "Nine months after introduction of tiopronin, the boy manifested generalized edema, oliguria, and biochemical indices of nephrotic syndrome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23529637",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Blessed were the days when it all made sense and the apparent mechanism for edema formation in nephrotic syndrome was straightforward: the kidneys lost protein in the urine, which lowered the plasma oncotic pressure"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722313",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 222,
"text": "The nephrotic syndrome is characterized by a combination of pathological lab values and clinical symptoms, i. e. pronounced proteinuria (usually more than 3 - 3,5 g protein/24 h), hypoalbuminemia, edema and hyperlipidemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17111701",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 212,
"offsetInEndSection": 365,
"text": "The patient was admitted with edema of both legs, and the nephrotic syndrome was discovered, leading to the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis on kidney biopsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556043",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 714,
"offsetInEndSection": 1086,
"text": "Linear regression to relate measures.Other signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome at baseline (serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL, serum total cholesterol > 260 mg/dL or use of a statin, and edema or use of a loop diuretic); progression of chronic kidney disease during follow-up (doubling of baseline serum creatinine level or requirement for dialysis or kidney transplantation)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9241903",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "A case of interstitial shadows associated with oral cyclophosphamide therapy in a 32-month-old girl with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, who was admitted to the Nishi-Kobe Medical Center with systemic edema, is reported."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884998",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "Nephrotic syndrome represents a constellation of symptoms including hyperalbuminuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema formation, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, hypercoagulopathy, and increased infection risk."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10215332",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Pathophysiology of edema formation in children with nephrotic syndrome not due to minimal change disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17448310",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "To study the evidence-based therapy of edema in nephrotic syndrome by analyzing the literatures systematically."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454171",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 261,
"offsetInEndSection": 362,
"text": "Edema is the prominent feature of nephrotic syndrome and initially develops around the eyes and legs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16247647",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 439,
"offsetInEndSection": 611,
"text": "Intussusception should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in patients with nephrotic syndrome, especially in patients exhibiting prolonged edema."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11928729",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 74,
"text": "Oedema is the commonest presenting symptom and sign in nephrotic syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556043",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 755,
"offsetInEndSection": 1090,
"text": "Other signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome at baseline (serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL, serum total cholesterol > 260 mg/dL or use of a statin, and edema or use of a loop diuretic); progression of chronic kidney disease during follow-up (doubling of baseline serum creatinine level or requirement for dialysis or kidney transplantation)."
}
]
| 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004487",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009404",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1184"
]
| [
{
"o": "Nephrotic Syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027726"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0484584",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027726"
},
{
"o": "nephrotic syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0484584"
}
]
| 58da270d8acda34529000013 | 1,455 |
yesno | Has saracatinib been tested in clinical trials? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, saracatinib has been tested in multiple clinical trials.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25874001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26493492",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26062928",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26009269"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26493492",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 194,
"text": "Saracatinib as a metastasis inhibitor in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A University of Chicago Phase 2 Consortium and DOD/PCF Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium Study."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26009269",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "A phase II study of saracatinib (AZD0530), a Src inhibitor, administered orally daily to patients with advanced thymic malignancies."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26062928",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "Phase II study of saracatinib (AZD0530) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26062928",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 322,
"offsetInEndSection": 460,
"text": "Metastatic colorectal cancer patients who had received one prior treatment and had measurable disease were enrolled in this phase 2 study."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25874001",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "A phase Ib multiple ascending dose study of the safety, tolerability, and central nervous system availability of AZD0530 (saracatinib) in Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25874001",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 599,
"offsetInEndSection": 801,
"text": "Herein, we present a Phase Ib trial of the repurposed investigational drug AZD0530, a Src family kinase inhibitor specific for Fyn and Src kinase, for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate AD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25874001",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 810,
"offsetInEndSection": 1015,
"text": "The study was a 4-week Phase Ib multiple ascending dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of AZD0530 in AD patients with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores ranging from 16 to 26."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5e540db06d0a277941000053 | 1,457 |
yesno | Is Lecanemab approved for Alzheimer’s Disease? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ["Yes. Lecanemab (Leqembi®) is approved in the United States for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to be initiated in early AD (mild cognitive impairment due to AD or mild AD dementia) with confirmed brain amyloid pathology."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37357276",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38067098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37955845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37251789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38021811",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37902139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37479527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37676096",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37045461",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37334596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37639602",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36856953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37389302",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38017568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36931947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37060386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37682322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38095822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37927263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37490245",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37414156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37831471"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37490245",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 819,
"offsetInEndSection": 1069,
"text": "Data from recent trials implicate these agents as the first effective disease-modifying therapies against AD and has led to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recent approval of aducanumab and lecanemab, under an accelerated approval pathway. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37490245",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 819,
"offsetInEndSection": 1068,
"text": "Data from recent trials implicate these agents as the first effective disease-modifying therapies against AD and has led to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recent approval of aducanumab and lecanemab, under an accelerated approval pathway."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37490245",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 220,
"offsetInEndSection": 462,
"text": "At the time of writing, two amyloid-lowering antibodies, aducanumab and lecanemab, have obtained United States Food and Drug Administration accelerated approval, with further agents of this class in the Alzheimer's disease treatment pipeline."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37389302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 220,
"offsetInEndSection": 461,
"text": "At the time of writing, two amyloid-lowering antibodies, aducanumab and lecanemab, have obtained United States Food and Drug Administration accelerated approval, with further agents of this class in the Alzheimer's disease treatment pipeline"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37414156",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 203,
"text": "The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s recent accelerated approval of two anti-amyloid antibodies for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), aducanumab and lecanemab, has caused substantial debate. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37334596",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 194,
"text": "After the CLARITY-AD clinical trial results of lecanemab were interpreted as positive, and supporting the amyloid hypothesis, the drug received accelerated Food and Drug Administration approval."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37357276",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "Lecanemab (Leqembi®) is approved in the United States for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to be initiated in early AD (mild cognitive impairment [MCI] due to AD or mild AD dementia) with confirmed brain amyloid pathology. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38095822",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "The approval of lecanemab by the US Food and Drug Administration has been touted as a defining moment in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38067098",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 506,
"offsetInEndSection": 659,
"text": "Finally, in the last two years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first-ever medications to treat Alzheimer's, aducanumab and lecanemab"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38095822",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "The approval of lecanemab by the US Food and Drug Administration has been touted as a defining moment in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37902139",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 188,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Lecanemab is the latest monoclonal antibody that targets beta-amyloid approved exclusively for treatment of Alzheimer's disease with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37682322",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "Commentaries: Lecanemab: pioneering the way as the first approved drug for Alzheimer's disease treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37060386",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "Two anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (MABs)-lecanemab (Leqembi®) and aducanumab (Aduhelm®)-have been approved in the USA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37902139",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Lecanemab is the latest monoclonal antibody that targets beta-amyloid approved exclusively for treatment of Alzheimer's disease with mild cognitive impairment or mi"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37676096",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "On July 6, 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved lecanemab (Leqembi) for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36931947",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1329,
"offsetInEndSection": 1418,
"text": "Lecanemab has been recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37682322",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 443,
"offsetInEndSection": 540,
"text": " Full FDA approval was granted for lecanemab due to its ability to eliminate toxic brain amyloids"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37045461",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 398,
"offsetInEndSection": 492,
"text": "Lecanemab was the second amyloid antibody to receive accelerated approval for use in early AD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36856953",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1002,
"offsetInEndSection": 1145,
"text": "This article summarizes the milestones in the development of lecanemab leading to this first approval for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38095822",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 337,
"text": "The approval of lecanemab by the US Food and Drug Administration has been touted as a defining moment in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Lecanemab, an anti-amyloid beta monoclonal antibody, is the first Alzheimer's disease drug targeting amyloid beta that has shown statistically significant cognitive benefits in phase III trials."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37955845",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 358,
"text": "Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), aducanumab and lecanemab, have received accelerated approval from the US FDA for initiation of treatment in early Alzheimer's disease patients who have proven β-amyloid pathology (Aβ). One of these, lecanemab, has subsequently received full approval and other monoclonal antibodies are poised for positive review and approva"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37831471",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 274,
"text": "Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 2 anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, aducanumab (June 7, 2021) and lecanemab (July 6, 2023), for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and will most likely also approve a 3rd one, donanemab, soon."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37639602",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 269,
"offsetInEndSection": 454,
"text": "n. Consistent with a critical role for this form of Aβ in AD, a recently FDA-approved therapeutic antibody targeted against protofibrils, lecanemab, slows the progression of AD in patie"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37927263",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "BACKGROUND: The approval of lecanemab for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States has sparked controversy over issues of safety, cost, a"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37902139",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 997,
"offsetInEndSection": 1186,
"text": "ed in the analysis.RESULTS: The FDA approved lecanemab for Alzheimer's disease in January 2023 which acts as a novel disease-modifying anti-amyloid-beta (Aβ) human monoclonal antibody and i"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37676096",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 55,
"offsetInEndSection": 237,
"text": "(FDA) approved lecanemab (Leqembi) for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) patients. In 2 clinical trials, lecanemab reduced amyloid in the brain and slowed cognitive decline."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37902139",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 189,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Lecanemab is the latest monoclonal antibody that targets beta-amyloid approved exclusively for treatment of Alzheimer's disease with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36856953",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": "Lecanemab (lecanemab-irmb; LEQEMBI™) is a humanized immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1) against aggregated soluble and insoluble forms of amyloid-β peptide. It is being developed by Eisai, under a global licence from BioArctic (formerly BioArctic Neuroscience), and in collaboration with Biogen, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and received its first approval for this indication on 6 January 2023 in the USA under the Accelerated Approval Pathway."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38017568",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 88,
"offsetInEndSection": 334,
"text": "lt to cure. Drugs aimed at slowing the progression of the disease have been developed, with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granting accelerated approval for aducanumab on June 21, 2021 and a new accelerated approval for lecanemab on Janua"
}
]
| 13 | BioASQ-training13b | null | null | 65ce88b71930410b13000001 | 1,458 |
yesno | Is Tecovirimat effective for smallpox? | ['yes'] | [
"yes"
]
| ['Yes, tecovirimat FDA approved for treatment of smallpox.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25480757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23530860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30120738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24100494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29773767",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29982575",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29972742"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29972742",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 47,
"text": "Oral Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Smallpox."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29972742",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2001,
"offsetInEndSection": 2206,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of its efficacy in two animal models and pharmacokinetic and safety data in humans, tecovirimat is being advanced as a therapy for smallpox in accordance with the FDA Animal Rule."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29982575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Background: Tecovirimat (ST-246) is being developed as an antiviral therapeutic for smallpox for use in the event of an accidental or intentional release. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29982575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1065,
"offsetInEndSection": 1384,
"text": "Conclusions: Tecovirimat treatment initiated up to 8 days following a lethal aerosol MPXV challenge improves survival and, when initiated earlier than 5 days after challenge, provides protection from clinical effects of disease, supporting the conclusion that it is a promising smallpox antiviral therapeutic candidate."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30120738",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 35,
"text": "Tecovirimat: First Global Approval."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30120738",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 444,
"offsetInEndSection": 618,
"text": "In July 2018, oral tecovirimat was approved in the USA for the treatment of human smallpox disease caused by variola virus in adults and paediatric patients weighing ≥ 13 kg."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30120738",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 756,
"offsetInEndSection": 873,
"text": "An intravenous formulation of tecovirimat is undergoing phase I development for the treatment of smallpox infection. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29773767",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 692,
"offsetInEndSection": 1084,
"text": "Brincidofovir, an oral antiviral in late stage development, has proven effective against orthopoxviruses in vitro and in vivo, has a different mechanism of action from tecovirimat (the only oral smallpox antiviral currently in the US Strategic National Stockpile), and has a resistance profile that reduces concerns in the scenario of a bioterror attack using genetically engineered smallpox."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896687",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 181,
"text": "Treatment with the smallpox antiviral tecovirimat (ST-246) alone or in combination with ACAM2000 vaccination is effective as a postsymptomatic therapy for monkeypox virus infection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24100494",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2035,
"offsetInEndSection": 2216,
"text": "Tecovirimat appears to be an effective smallpox therapeutic in nonhuman primates, suggesting that it is reasonably likely to provide therapeutic benefit in smallpox-infected humans."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c58923c86df2b9174000005 | 1,459 |
yesno | Are recessive coding variants responsible for the majority of undiagnosed nonconsanguineous individuals? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No. It is suggested that recessive coding variants account for a small fraction of currently undiagnosed nonconsanguineous individuals, and that the role of noncoding variants, incomplete penetrance, and polygenic mechanisms need further exploration.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30409806"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30409806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 629,
"offsetInEndSection": 879,
"text": "Our results suggest that recessive coding variants account for a small fraction of currently undiagnosed nonconsanguineous individuals, and that the role of noncoding variants, incomplete penetrance, and polygenic mechanisms need further exploration."
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5c6438a5e842deac67000016 | 1,460 |
yesno | Is Algenpantucel-L effective for pancreatic cancer? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['No. In phase 3 clinical trial Algenpantucel-L immunotherapy did not improve survival in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer receiving SOC neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33630475"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33630475",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1099,
"offsetInEndSection": 1824,
"text": " Median (IQR) overall survival was 14.9 (12.2-17.8) months in the standard group (N=158) and 14.3 (12.6-16.3) months in the experimental group (N = 145) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95% CI 0.66-1.58; P = 0.98). Median progression-free survival was 13.4 months in the standard group and 12.4 months in the experimental group (HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.72-1.78; P = 0.59). Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 105 of 140 patients (75%) in the standard group and in 115 of 142 patients (81%) in the experimental group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Algenpantucel-L immunotherapy did not improve survival in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced unresectable PDAC receiving SOC neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229886",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 954,
"offsetInEndSection": 1128,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: The addition of algenpantucel-L to standard adjuvant therapy for resected pancreatic cancer may improve survival. A multi-institutional, phase 3 study is ongoing"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229886",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 954,
"offsetInEndSection": 1078,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: The addition of algenpantucel-L to standard adjuvant therapy for resected pancreatic cancer may improve surviva"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33630475",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1621,
"offsetInEndSection": 1822,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Algenpantucel-L immunotherapy did not improve survival in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced unresectable PDAC receiving SOC neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiatio"
}
]
| 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 61f938e7882a024a10000049 | 1,461 |
yesno | Are the genes for marneral biosynthesis scattered in the genome of A. thaliana? | ['no'] | [
"no"
]
| ['These clusters are unlikely to have arisen by horizontal gene transfer, and the mechanisms behind their formation are poorly understood. Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A. thaliana, compare the features of these two clusters, and investigate the evolutionary events that have led to cluster formation.', 'Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A. thaliana, compare the features of these two clusters, and investigate the evolutionary events that have led to cluster formation. ', 'Genes for marneral synthesis are organized in an operon-like gene cluster in thale cress (A. thaliana).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876149"
]
| [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876149",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1064,
"offsetInEndSection": 1284,
"text": "Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A. thaliana, compare the features of these two clusters, and investigate the evolutionary events that have led to cluster formation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876149",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1057,
"offsetInEndSection": 1278,
"text": "Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A. thaliana, compare the features of these two clusters, and investigate the evolutionary events that have led to cluster formation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876149",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 892,
"offsetInEndSection": 1063,
"text": "Previously in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) we identified an operon-like gene cluster that is required for the synthesis and modification of the triterpene thalianol."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22561113",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "Prediction of operon-like gene clusters in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome based on co-expression analysis of neighboring genes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876149",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1064,
"offsetInEndSection": 1286,
"text": "Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A. thaliana, compare the features of these two clusters, and investigate the evolutionary events that have led to cluster formation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876149",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1064,
"offsetInEndSection": 1155,
"text": "Here we characterize a second operon-like triterpene cluster (the marneral cluster) from A."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22561113",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 258,
"offsetInEndSection": 447,
"text": "the cyclic hydroxamic acid pathways in maize, the avenacin biosynthesis gene clusters in oat, the thalianol pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the diterpenoid momilactone cluster in rice."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22561113",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Prediction of operon-like gene clusters in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome based on co-expression analysis of neighboring genes."
}
]
| 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58eb7898eda5a57672000006 | 1,462 |
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