jsonW0/pile_dedupe_pack_no_eos · Datasets at Hugging Face

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15, 496, 253, 22654, 273, 253, 4370, 1897, 273, 5768, 13, 1142 ]	my life has ended, then I consider my work done here. Let’s just say I’m a bit more than skeptical of my ability to write something worth reading, so I’ll settle for that. Being quoted in a positive way means you’ve said something insightful, and for someone other than yourself to acknowledge that is an honor. Through your words, you may help others find the truth they seek. What is your truth? Each of us endowed with a sound mind possesses the power to direct others, insofar as they will allow. Everyone is different; each person susceptible to varying degrees of suggestion and control. To be on either end of the spectrum can be a blessing or a curse. Someone impressionable can be taught with ease, but will fall prey to deception more often. Stubborn individuals won’t be swayed so easily, but this quality can backfire in the face of genuine helpful advice. What is “making it” exactly? How do you measure success? Personally, I measure it by how much you’ve helped others according to your ability. Bill Gates has helped by giving an enormous amount to charity (not to mention everything he did for technology), and believe it or not even people like Kanye West have done much for the world. Think of all the people his music has pleased, or how many youth it has helped get through a tough day. You can have all the riches or genius in the world, but if none of it has been put towards making the world a better place then that person is no better than me who has also contributed nothing. I’d say they are worse, even, because they have the wealth to do so and I do not. “Let he who is without sin cast the first stone.” I’m not religious by any means, but I feel some of the messages are still applicable today. As is anyone, I’m far from perfect. There’s no question that I’m selfish in some ways. It’s the main reason I don’t want any children. To be a good parent you need to dedicate your life to your children; you are no longer living for just yourself, you’re also living for them. I can’t deal with the weight of that responsibility. I want my free time to be me time. I want to be able to skydive out of a plane with no parachute and blast off to the next dimension (hopefully) at a moment’s notice. How are you supposed to do that in good conscience when there’s people depending on you? I don’t think you can outside of extreme circumstances. For example: if someone is in constant pain every single day, physical or mental, I believe they should be able to decide whether they want to live or die with no repercussions. It’s widely regarded to be extremely selfish to commit suicide. I don’t consider it extremely selfish, but I can’t deny that someone who commits it might not realize the harm they are inflicting on others in doing so. On the other hand, you also have to consider that expecting a person to continue living in misery just so you don’t have to be sad is also selfish. I’m not the most hard-working person. In fact, if you were to put me in a group of 100 people, chances are high I’m the most lazy person in the mix. I can’t put a finger on why, I’ve just always been this way. If a project was due in school, I would never finish it. I’d never even START it. However, my laziness does not permeate every single aspect of my life. When it comes to certain things, I’m very willing. One of those things is reading; there’s a good chance I’ll read an entire page’s worth about a topic that is completely inconsequential to me. At the very least I have a thirst for knowledge, and I’m grateful for that. Unfortunately, most of the knowledge I’ve acquired has no useful application towards building a livelihood. Regarding what I know about, I won’t bother to go too in depth because I don’t feel that it’s interesting or impressive. Mostly it’s knowledge of entertainment, something I’ve consumed daily for a great portion of my life. Music, movies, TV shows, games. I can hold a conversation if it’s on one of those topics, I’ll even offer suggestions based on your taste. But I can’t do small talk or introductions. Small talk and introductions are a crippling weakness of mine. Why? I don’t go to school (yet?). I don’t have kids. I don’t have plans. If asked about any of those things, the best I can offer is “Uhh…”. This has led me to become sort of a pariah; you can imagine the reaction of your average person who often measures theirs and others’ worth solely by what they contribute to society. I may as well be a social leper. I’ve been looked at with degrees of disdain and disappointment that I wouldn’t wish on my worst enemy. So instead of risk having to deal with this reaction, oftentimes I just forgo meeting or talking to people at all. Admittedly, this hasn’t been the best course of action on my part. I agree with the “It’s not what you know, it’s who you know” sentiment a good deal, although what you know definitely matters. I don’t know many people, nor do I know anything particularly profitable, so I haven’t made it very far in life. This has mostly been due to inaction on my part.Termination of pregnancy in Papua New Guinea: the traditional and contemporary position. There appears to be an increasing need and demand for medical termination of pregnancy both in Papua New Guinea (P.N.G.) and in the developing world generally. Experience elsewhere has demonstrated that where this is denied the mortality and morbidity associated with recourse to illegal abortion is unacceptably high. It is important that all health workers in P.N.G. especially practising clinicians, those in position of authority and those planning the future needs of P.N.G., fully appreciate the advantages of safe medical termination of pregnancy, and understand the legal statutes which delineate the rights of the mother and foetus and define the conditions under which qualified medical practitioners can legally terminate pregnancies.Niche: Big Tits, Cumshot, Natural BoobsDescription: Back in the room at Hooter Hotel in Europe, Mr. Johnson, talent scout for SCORE, gets the knock, correction, knockers, at the door that he has been waiting for. Earlier, Johnson had called the British front desk concierge Mandy Pearl for the masseuse to come up. He needed some stress busting relief after the non-stop parade of beauties entering his room and rolling around his bed naked and masturbating to orgasm, leaving him with a swollen nutbag. The massage girl finally arrives and he is delighted to see her, ogling her from head to toe. Kristy Klenot is the resident masseuse and she is a corker. Short, shapely and pretty, Kristy has a beautiful, sexy body and speaks in accented English with an erotic flavor. Why do chicks with European accents sound so sexy? Kristy wastes no time giving Johnson an eyeful, removing her robe, removing her bra, panties and heels, and climbing onto the bed totally naked. Kristy warms up her hands by rubbing her clit and tits. This way, Johnson won't be chilled by cold hands when she begins her massage. She sits at the edge of the bed and goes right to the package, rubbing, squeezing, jerking and wiping his cock on her tits. Always ready to lend a hand, Kristy has a nice, firm grip on things. This is one of the best massages Johnson ever had. They move onto the bed and Kristy continues her cock rubdown. She gets into the best tit-fuck position, on her back, so Johnson can slide back and forth between her sexy cleavage. Kristy tells him she wants his hot cum and that he should cum on her body. Hearing that, staring into her wide eyes, Johnson pops his nuts all over her tits and on some of her face. Good things cum in small packages and her name is Kristy Klenot. Later on that day, Johnson prepares to check out. He returns his key to front desk but concierge Mandy makes him wait so she can give him a final naked boobie show until he returns one day to Hooter Hotel. Hooter Hotel. Where no one dresses like a big mouse and there are no thrill rides. But it has got the hottest, slinkiest bra-busting staff west of Budapest. Pornstars: Mandy PearlDuration: 02:00Submitted By Website: Score HD VideosClick Site Name for More Movies2257 If You love big tits like we do you will love this website featuring busty, well endowed girls. Big Boobs or big natural tits are well represented. Large Fake Breasts and Massive Mammories are the main feature on our tube site. No blind links or tricks, just great movies with voluptuous stacked babes that love showing off their ample assets.40 Hottest Tampa Bay Buccaneers Cheerleaders & Sexy Superfans Today we tackle the Tampa Bay Buccaneers cheerleaders and superfans. Like most of you, we are itching for football season to start. In the midst of the dog days of summer, many
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6197, 1476, 187, 187, 23433, 27, 1359, 1199, 7596, 403, 253, 40863, 1469, 281, 320, 275, 604, 33330, 556, 281, 2985, 271, 6508 ]	[0]); while ((s = itr.Next()) >= 0) new DPusher(DPusher::p_current, l->args[3] ? l : NULL, l->args[1], l->args[2], NULL, s); l->special = 0; break; } case PointPush_SetForce: // push/pull if (l->args[0]) { // [RH] Find thing by sector FSectorTagIterator itr(l->args[0]); while ((s = itr.Next()) >= 0) { AActor thing = P_GetPushThing (s); if (thing) { // No MT_P means no effect // [RH] Allow narrowing it down by tid if (!l->args[1] \|\| l->args[1] == thing->tid) new DPusher (DPusher::p_push, l->args[3] ? l : NULL, l->args[2], 0, thing, s); } } } else { // [RH] Find thing by tid AActor thing; FActorIterator iterator (l->args[1]); while ( (thing = iterator.Next ()) ) { if (thing->GetClass()->TypeName == NAME_PointPusher \|\| thing->GetClass()->TypeName == NAME_PointPuller) { new DPusher (DPusher::p_push, l->args[3] ? l : NULL, l->args[2], 0, thing, int(thing->Sector - sectors)); } } } l->special = 0; break; } } } // // phares 3/20/98: End of Pusher effects // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void sector_t::AdjustFloorClip () const { msecnode_t node; for (node = touching_thinglist; node; node = node->m_snext) { if (node->m_thing->flags2 & MF2_FLOORCLIP) { node->m_thing->AdjustFloorClip(); } } } 140056 1 0 1 1 0 Match reaction: Bath Rugby 12 Sale Sharks 3 March 6, 2015 00:00 Mike Ford was a relieved figure at the final whistle after seeing Bath end a disastrous sequence of results in the Aviva Premiership to move back up into second position and keep their play-off charge firmly alive. Ford’s men had experienced a poor spell in the Aviva Premiership since Christmas, collecting ten points in the league from their last six games – only London Welsh have scored fewer, tumbling from second to fifth. But in difficult conditions, Tom Homer kicked four penalties to edge Bath to a narrow 12-3 win against Sale Sharks, with England back-up No.10 Danny Cipriani adding a solitary kick for the visitors. It was far from a classic performance from Bath – they have now not scored a try in the league for over four hours – but it was all about the win and re-establishing their Premiership position according to Ford. “Sale are a tough side, they’re difficult to beat home or away,” said Ford. “The way they compete at the breakdown, they’re tough to play against and I think you probably saw that tonight. “If you don’t get a score in front, they have the capability to stay in it and nick games like this – they did it to us last year and we learned our lessons from that. “It was three defeats on the spin before this game tonight and it was all about just getting back on the horse – we have a break now in the league after this win. “The internationals will be over by then, we’ll have everyone back and then it’s case of seeing what the rest of the season holds for us. “I thought our defence was outstanding, it was good last week as well and Sale never looked like scoring. “I thought perhaps we were a little fortunate after the break and that wind really helped us but I am pleased overall. “I thought we were better in the second half in terms of keeping the ball in the right areas. “It’s frustrating to have your international players sitting in the stands and watching on but their first game back will be against Leinster in Dublin and so I think their recent experiences will help us.” Sale boss Steve Diamond refused to be too downcast with his side’s performance after a gritty showing at the Recreation Ground – they made over 70 tackles in the first-half. He said: “We put a lot of hard work and endeavour into the game and it’s frustrating not to have got anything out of the game. “I thought we probably should have gone for the posts in the second half and pick up an away bonus point but the team and the captain decided not to and kicked for touch instead. “This result shows the difference between us and the top four sides, our players turn out every week, we don’t have a big squad and I thought we just looked tired when we got the ball tonight. “We welcome the break, we have three home games coming up and we just want to pick up some points and keep challenging these sides like Bath. “It was a good defensive display and I think in the first half our tackle count had a 95 per cent success, it was very pleasing and I think our performance was enough to warrant something from this game. “We just got a little bit flustered, we didn’t show enough composure and that’s very frustrating – it’s something for us to work on.”# All Reuquired: JAVA_HOME, python, maven # Windows_Required: VS command prompt with C++ tools (for z3) # For VEX (we didnt test other gcc): # Windws: MinGW64 gcc/g++ 4.8 # Linux: gcc/g++ 4.8 all: vex vex: make -C jnit/ all 147 B-schools shut down during 2013-14; AICTE issues list The management programmes education in India is loosing its shine day by day. The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi has released that, around 147 B-schools in India has closed their doors, during 2013-14. Figures shows that these are the B-schools and MBA offering engineering institutions has been closed down. The number of institutions offering PGDM (Postgraduate Diploma in Management) has been closed down from 606 to 600. Maharashtra state is in the first place in closing the B-schools with 24 colleges. Tamil Nadu is in second position with 23 colleges closure followed by Andhra Pradesh with 19. Among the other states, only Bihar, Jharkhand and Kerala have shown growth by adding new institutions. The reason for closure is because of lack of facilities. The decrease in number had started couple of years ago after the dip in the number of registration for Common Admission Test (CAT), Common Management Admission Test (CMAT) and respective state management entrance exams. The Director of Great Lakes Institute of Management, T N Swaminathan said "For instance, of the 1.93 lakh candidates who registered for CAT this year only 1.53 lakh took the exam. Some who paid did not take the exams. And those who took the exam are choosy so reputed B-schools are not affected but others are."Resource Center Menu Video Gallery At Floyd Brace Company, we take great pride in the orthotic, pedorthotic and prosthetic solutions we provide to our patients. Please select one of our videos to see our solutions in action to see how we can help you.Kristi Scales, the sideline reporter for the Dallas Cowboys radio network, answered questions during an online chat with readers Tuesday. Here are some of the highlights: Question: I always see Rod Marinelli quotes on Twitter and most of them usually have an F-bomb. Is he one of the more intense coaches you've seen with the Cowboys? Scales: "Rod Marinelli is a true gentleman and one of my favorite people in covering this team for 26 seasons. He loves to talk about history and family, all good things. He's the nicest guy on the planet. But when he's on the field yelling at players, he says words that he wouldn't use in normal non-football conversation. I can think of several coaches over the years who are the same way. I love Mike Zimmer, but a full bar of soap couldn't wash his mouth out following a practice. Wow! Standing on an NFL sideline, you learn new and extraordinary uses of the English language ... like how an F-bomb can be used as a verb, adjective, noun and dangling preposition ... all in one sentence!" Question: How much trouble are the Cowboys going to be in if Crawford has to miss an extended
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10488, 7253, 15, 187, 187, 18281, 253, 7188, 45328, 27, 187, 187, 1394, 512, 871, 309, 7505, 12466, 745, 281, 3698, 3995, 1390, 2360, 15, 1244, 326, 457, 84, 253, 17006, 323, 3063, 457, 84, 16053, 15, 309, 457, 78, 417, 247, 5699, 7989 ]	extradite him pursuant to article 8 to any of the States mentioned in paragraph I of this article. 3. This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with internal law. Article 6 1. Upon being satisfied, after an examination of information available to it, that the circumstances so warrant, any State Party in whose territory a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is present shall take him into custody or take other legal measures to ensure his presence. The custody and other legal measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may be continued only for such time as is necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted. 2. Such State shall immediately make a preliminary inquiry into the facts. [snip] Article 7 1. Upon being satisfied, after an examination of information available to it, that the circumstances so warrant, any State Party in whose territory a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is present shall take him into custody or take other legal measures to ensure his presence. The custody and other legal measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may be continued only for such time as is necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted. 2. Such State shall immediately make a preliminary inquiry into the facts. I’m no lawyer, but there would appear to be no wiggle room involved. Either we prosecute, or we extradite our war criminals so another nation can prosecute for us. We signed the Convention. We’re bound by it. Uber-wingnut Gordon Klingenschmitt is now praying — in Jesus’ name, of course — for God to strike down Mikey Weinstein of the Military Religious Freedom Foundation and Barry Lynn of Americans United for Separation of Church and State. You can listen to the prayer here. It’s what they call an “imprecatory prayer,” the same thing Southern Baptist Convention officer Wiley Drake did against Barry Lynn and others before. It’s basically a curse, praying to God to kill those you pray against. Here’s a transcript: “One-Minute Prayer: Let us pray. Almighty God, today we pray imprecatory prayers from Psalm 109 against the enemies of religious liberty, including Barry Lynn and Mikey Weinstein, who issued press releases this week attacking me personally. God, do not remain silent, for wicked men surround us and tell lies about us. We bless them, but they curse us. Therefore find them guilty, not me. Let their days be few, and replace them with Godly people. Plunder their fields, and seize their assets. Cut off their descendants, and remember their sins, in Jesus’ name. Amen.” Cute how he’s asking God to find him not guilty. Seems like he’s afraid someone might think he’s guilty. I wonder if he wonders if his magic sky-daddy might be a little bit upset at him for wishing ill on another human being, eh? The new Washington Post/ABC news poll has all sorts of intriguing numbers in it but when you are looking for clues as to where the two parties stand politically there is only one number to remember: 21. That’s the percent of people in the Post/ABC survey who identified themselves as Republicans, down from 25 percent in a late March poll and at the lowest ebb in this poll since the fall of 1983(!). It’s a great thing to know that only 1/4 of my country is batshit fucking insane. Share the Verdad: So, my stepmother emails me today to say I might want to reconsider that trip to Mexico I’m planning, WHO’s issued a phase-4 alert, and swine flu’s on everybody’s mind. Let’s check in on the Cons and see how they’re reacting. “Some people think that declaring a state of emergency about the flu was a political thing to push the Sebelius nomination through,” said Wright. She pointed to news stories that ask whether the slow-walking of the Sebelius choice will hurt the response to the flu. “If there’s even a hint that [Department of Homeland Security] is manipulating the health situation to push a political appointee through, well, it almost defies imagination that they’d be willing to that.” The GOP has allowed a critical department to remain without a leader, when they haven’t the votes to stop the nomination and are simply making noise to appease their forced-birth base. But pointing out that fact as America confronts a possible flu pandemic is “political.” The right is responding to the public health emergency about as you’d expect. Some are accusing the administration of deliberately overreacting. Others see an elaborate conspiracy to get Americans to “respond to government orders.” Others still see a different conspiracy to get Kathleen Sebelius confirmed. Just another day in conservative political discourse. It’s pathetic that this is the expected reaction from the rabid right – and that the rabid right includes ostensibly mainstream conservatives. On February 5, Karl Rove took to the pages of the Wall Street Journal to argue against President Obama’s Economic Recovery and Reinvestment Act because, in his view, the spending was not targeted to create or preserve jobs. In particular, Rove complained about the fact that the bill included “$900 million for pandemic flu preparations.” He contended that such spending was unnecessary because the health care sector “added jobs last year.” Rep. David Obey (D-WI) included the pandemic preparation funding in the package because he believed “that a pandemic hitting in the midst of an economic downturn could turn a recession into something far worse.” But Rove was not concerned with the actual substance of the funding. COLLINS: There’s funding to help improve our preparedness for a pandemic flu. There is funding to help improve cyber security. What does that have to do with an economic stimulus package? [CNN, 1/31/09] [snip] After the funding was stripped, another moderate Republican attempting to appear tough on “unnecessary” spending in the recovery package, Sen. Arlen Specter (R-PA), endorsed Collins’ crusade against the pandemic preparedness funding on Fox News: MS. KELLY: Okay. $780 million for pandemic flu preparedness, in or out? SEN. SPECTER: Out. Very important projects, I took the lead along with Tom Harkin on some massive funding for pandemic flu, but it belongs in our regular appropriations bill. Well, in retrospect, it seems that stripping that funding from the stimulus might not have been such a great idea after all. There’s just this thing about massive pandemics – when everybody’s sick, dying, or staying home, the economy sorta kinda takes a hit. And if the Cons hadn’t spent the last eight years destroying the CDC, it might not have been so necessary to have that funding in the stimulus in the first place, because we would’ve already been prepared. What else did the right oppose recently? I just want enough information to take cover. Ditto. They may be a bunch of outright fucking idiots, but it seems their record’s very good on predicting disasters by refusing to fund them. Of course, going back to our original point, these fucktards aren’t going to see this as a wake-up call. After all, their prominent voices are already screeching about how Obama caused this whole outbreak, and their paranoid little minds probably will tie this neatly together with Erick Erickson’s insane post: It’s always been impossible to take Erick Erickson, RedState’s editor, seriously. When we last heard from the fairly prominent conservative blogger, he was writing about violence against elected public officials who were regulating chemicals in dishwasher detergent. It gives one a sense of the guy’s credibility and level of seriousness. Today, Erickson was in rare form, accusing President Obama of taking active, deliberate steps to encourage a deadly terrorist attack against the United States. He wasn’t kidding — Erickson seriously seems to believe the president wants terrorists to kill Americans. The best strategy would look something like taking a band-aid off quickly. Get the pain over fast. And if an attack happens quickly enough into the new administration, they can blame Bush. So the Obama administration is working hard to release all the memos on interrogations, change all the policies Bush implemented, and clear out the old as fast as possible. Never mind that if it were done slowly over time, our terrorist enemies might not be so incited to attack. If your working premise is that they are going to attack anyway, get them incited quickly, get it over with, and blame Bush. There is no other justification for so quickly making us less safe. When this truly insane idea sparked some criticism, Erickson, apparently playing by junior-high-school rules, “Truth hurts I guess.” Let’s also not forget that Erickson is not a fringe, obscure right-wing blogger, but a prominent conservative voice and a writer popular in the Bush White House. Anyone taking bets on how soon we’ll see prominent Cons spinning stories about some al Qaeda plot to give us all the swine flu at Obama’s bidding? My money’s on the next thirty seconds. Share the Verdad: You all know I buggered off to watch House last night. And that’s the inspiration for today’s poetry. I’m not a huge fan
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1774, 15, 475, 46, 1003, 80, 11, 38147, 4384, 31523, 11322, 281, 247, 2173, 2715, 273, 247, 7741, 672, 253, 475, 4769, 33919, 11, 2330, 342, 326, 5300, 14488, 247, 2748, 342, 271, 2634, 29011, 14, 14362, 7816, 65, 10478, 15, 380, 4895, 475, 78, 1003, 80, 11, 556, 247, 475, 46, 1003, 80, 14 ]	to cache) indefinitely, allowing future replay. Depending on the capabilities of available tools, computing and storage resources, curatorial workforce, intended use cases, and objectives, a web archive may choose to preserve complete HTTP Request and Response messages, DNS resolutions, TLS exchanges, and other provenance metadata for each observation. Two standards are widely used in web archiving: WARC files [@warcformat; @warcintro] for preservation of observations and the Memento protocol [@memento:rfc] for datetime content negotiation at replay. Most web archives preserve these resources in the well-established ISO standard WARC file format, which is a container file for an arbitrary number of records and metadata. WARC is somewhat like tarball, but for web archiving, in which individual HTTP transactions and other record types are prefixed with HTTP-like WARC headers for additional metadata and record length (for framing). The Memento protocol specifies time-based content negotiation so that a user-agent can request a representation of an original resource URI (or URI-R) at or close to a given time through intermediation of a TimeGate resource (or URI-G). This past version can be from a version-aware origin server itself (e.g., Git and Wiki) or an observation recorded by a third party web archive (e.g., [archive.org](archive.org), [archive.is](archive.is), and [perma.cc](perma.cc)). A memento is a timestamped archived version of a resource representation that can be retrieved from a memento URI (or URI-M). A composite memento is an archived web page along with all its page requisites observed in a small temporal window close to the primary web page that are necessary for its proper rendering and meaningful interactions. Web Packaging is an emerging standard [@webpackaging] that enables content aggregators and distributors to deliver related groups of resources from various origins to user-agents in the form of a package on behalf of publishers. It replaces a prior work called Packaging on the Web [@packagingweb]. Currently, its specification is split in three different modular layers, namely Signing [@wp:signing], Bundling [@wp:bundling], and Loading [@wp:loading]. The Signed HTTP Exchanges specification allows an origin to digitally sign one or more HTTP Exchanges (an HTTP Exchange is a pair of an HTTP Request and corresponding HTTP Response) so that they can be distributed on behalf of the origin by intermediaries while maintaining the authenticity of the content. The Bundled HTTP Exchanges specification describes how a group of one or more signed or unsigned HTTP Exchanges from one or more origins can be bundled together for distribution. The Loading Signed Exchanges specification describes a set of algorithms to check whether a signature on an exchange is valid. All three layers of Web Packaging have the potential to play a significant role in web archiving. They can help crawl resources more effectively, replay more accurately, and facilitate fixity and non-repudiation on archived resources. However, realizing that potential requires some changes to the specification as it stands. These changes include support for the Memento protocol and long-lived trust of signed exchanges. We urge the Web Packaging community to consider how it can help to archive the web.=-1 Web Packaging in Web Archiving ============================== Despite a wealth of activities, internationally, related to web archiving that started more than two decades ago, mainstream web systems and protocols have put insufficient emphasis on the need to be able to preserve web resources and access those preserved resources in the future. The focus of technical advancements is on speed, efficiency, user experience, and security, but lacks in consideration of archivability and access to archived resources as a significant aspect. This is disconcerting from a societal perspective, because without an archivable and archived web, revisiting the history of our era will be all but impossible [@webhistory]. When the Web Packaging specification was announced, the web archiving community took notice [@wpwarc:tweet] with the hope that it might help to mainstream web archiving. Some others from web publishing and personal archiving backgrounds were also interested in utilizing Web Packaging as a means to preserve content in an immutable manner with built-in long-term trust [@immutable:gh]. As a result an archival use case [@archuse:gh] was added, but with the requirement of the content being unsigned [@wpuse] to avoid expired signatures. The remainder of this section describes the benefits Web Packaging can bring to web archiving by facilitating effective crawling, accurate replay, and non-repudiation.=-1 Effective Crawling With Bundled HTTP Exchanges ---------------------------------------------- With the proliferation of JavaScript on the web it has become increasingly difficult to crawl web resources of a domain effectively and completely using traditional crawlers like Heritrix [@heritrix]. Resources that do not appear in the plain HTML or CSS and are fetched only after client-side rendering, and possibly after a user interaction, are often not preserved [@defrep]. Large-scale crawlers maintain a frontier queue using data structures like priority queue and a set of recently seen URIs. This means some page requisites may be captured long after their parent pages and by then their state might have changed. While there exist headless browser-based crawlers (e.g., Brozzler[^1] and Squidwarc[^2]), they are an order of magnitude or two slower than static crawlers. **Bundled HTTP Exchanges can be helpful in this case by serving a complete set of temporally coherent resources and saving the crawler from parsing a great deal of markup, assuming the server knows about all the requisites and bundles them effectively.** Coherent Replay With Bundled HTTP Exchanges ------------------------------------------- Web archives serve mementos on behalf of a different origin while the pages were designed with the original domain in mind. This poses many difficulties in replaying a composite memento correctly such as live-leakage [@zombies], temporal violations [@tempcoherence], origin violations [@originviolations], cookie violations [@cookieviolations], and broken links; all of which may yield a rendition of a page that never existed on the live web (e.g., a weather page saying sunny, but showing a rainy satellite image) [@oneinfive] and some may pose security risks [@rewritehist]. Archival replay systems often perform extensive URL rewriting to ensure that the subsequent page requisite requests are routed to the archives and not the live site or an invalid location. URLs that are generated by JavaScript are difficult to identify and rewrite, resulting in broken composite mementos. Proxy or browser extension-based solutions exist to mitigate this, but they do not work out of the box and require users to configure their browsers. Some replay systems use client-side rewriting (e.g., Wombat [@wombat]) or Service Worker-based rerouting (e.g., Reconstructive [@reconstructive; @ipwb]) to ensure that requests maintain the desired origin boundary. The UK Web Archive limits its replay to certain whitelisted sites that adhere to and advertise certain usage policies, and otherwise returns an HTTP 451 status code [@http451:rfc]. It whitelists some domains like `twitter.com`, but fails to recognize its CDNs, resulting in broken pages. We envision a future in which web archives would have preserved signed or unsigned Bundled HTTP Exchanges related to a requested composite memento or could effectively identify all the resources needed (from one or more origins) for it to bundle them all in a single unsigned package with appropriate origin boundaries. This means the user-agent would not need to resolve for any resources on the live web to render the composite memento, thus avoiding many of the issues listed above. This also means that archival replay systems would not need aggressive URL rewriting and could serve originally preserved bytes on behalf of respective origins (except a few places where some rewriting might be inevitable). We believe that effective use of Bundled HTTP Exchanges can eventually solve many archival replay problems, resulting in temporally coherent and accurate composite mementos. It is worth noting that mementos served from a web archive are “a representation of a resource at a URI as observed at a given time in the past” instead of “a representation of a resource at a URI”, hence there might be many timestamped versions of the same resource in Bundles and HTTP cache. Currently, Loading Signed Exchanges favor the most recent version from a stashed exchange or HTTP cache, but in an archival context every version is equally as important. Memento compliant web archives resolve to a specific version of a resource when the TimeGate associated with that resources receives a request with an `Accept-Datetime` header. The returned memento has a *Memento-
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10342, 273, 253, 3054, 452, 2168, 11941, 1180, 5340, 12712, 15, 187, 187, 6080, 2234, 3054, 1905, 1244, 73, 376, 35112, 13, 49740, 274, 35112, 13, 12828, 31210, 49604, 285, 42948, 255, 10573, 13, 534, 12647, 247, 1781, 7155, 273, 253, 4958, 3072, 1905, 452, 390, 403, 275, 253, 1232, 273, 14974, 9762, 323, 18595, 432, 3055, 4413, 281, 3359, 253 ]	this situation, the gears are being engaged in the transmission mechanism. In the mechanism thus configured to transmit the torque by engaging the gearing mechanisms, the gears are still allowed to rotate relatively in the amount of backlash even under the situation in which the torque is not applied thereto. Therefore, in case the engine of the stopping vehicle is kept driven but the torque is not applied to the transmission mechanism, the gears of the transmission mechanism are vibrated and hit against another gear meshing therewith. Consequently, a rattling noise occurs in the transmission mechanism. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 discloses a gear transmission device, in which a synchronizer ring used in a manual transmission is contacted frictionally with a driven gear to which torque is not being applied by moving the synchronizer ring in an axial direction. Under the neutral stage, a rotational speed of an input shaft becomes larger than that of an output shaft. Therefore, according to the teachings of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075, a predetermined rotary member on the output shaft is pushed in the axial direction utilizing such a speed difference, and the synchronizer ring is pushed by the predetermined rotary member to be contacted frictionally with the driven gear to which the torque is not being applied. In this situation, a braking torque is slightly applied to the driven gear. For this reason, vibrations and rattling of the driven gear can be reduced. Thus, the gear transmission device taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 is configured to utilize the frictional force of the synchronizer ring. Therefore, the gear transmission device taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 is capable of reducing the rattling of the manual transmission, however, the gear transmission device taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 cannot be applied to a vehicle which is not provided with a manual transmission. As described, in the known hybrid vehicle, the (internal combustion) engine and the electric motor are connected with the differential mechanism comprising three rotary elements such as a planetary gear mechanism, and an output element of the differential mechanism is connected with the output member through a gear to output the torque therefrom to the driving wheel. According to the hybrid vehicle thus structured, the neutral stage is established by idling the electric motor, and under the neutral stage thus established, the torque is not applied to the output member and the drive wheel. That is, in the hybrid vehicle, the engine is connected with the output member or the drive wheel in a manner to transmit the torque thereto even under the neutral stage as in the case of running the vehicle. In other words, under the neutral stage of the hybrid vehicle, the electric motor is idled and the torque thereof will not be applied to the output member and the drive wheel. This means that a power transmitting condition of a power transmission route from the engine to the drive wheel will not be changed in both drive stage and neutral stage. Therefore, in the hybrid vehicle, the gears on the power transmission route are vibrated by a fluctuation in the engine torque, and this makes a rattling noise. As described, the aforementioned synchronizer ring cannot be applied to a drive unit of the hybrid vehicle, therefore, the teachings of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 cannot be applied to the hybrid vehicle to reduce vibrations and rattling of the gears.Reluctance of Delhiites to collect new secured number plates for their two-wheelers and four-wheelers may turn government’s high security registration plate (HSRP) project into a damp squib. So far, only 70,000 vehicle owners in Delhi have collected high security number plates for their vehicles, against 1.6 lakh new vehicle registrations made in the state in last five months. “Around 1,60,000 applications were made between May 2012-September 2012, but only 70,000 of the vehicles collected the number plates. 57% of the vehicle owners have not collected their high-security registration plate even after making the payment,” U R Kapoor, deputy director (operations) in Rosmerta Technologies, which is implementing the registration plate project in five states including Delhi, said. One of the reasons, why people are not collecting the number plates could be the lack of any penal provision. The Motor Vehicle Act clearly doesn’t mention the punitive action that could be taken if the owner fails to collect HSRP on time,” he added. There are 70 lakhs vehicles in Delhi and 4 lakh vehicles are added every month. The company is yet to start the process of rolling out the numbers for old vehicles. The problem is very specific to Delhi. In other centres there are delays in collection but vehicle owners finally collect the number plates. This is not only delaying the implementation of HSRP, but is also adding to our cost of the implementing agency. “Already, the margins in this business are wafer thin. We are not even making Rs 5 per number plate. We now, have to maintain a library where we are storing the number plates which was not collected by the users,” he added. The attempt to modernise number plates started in 2001 when the central government came out with a notification that all vehicles have to shift to the new security registration plates in a year. The implementation got delayed due to a plethora of court cases. The Supreme Court resolved the various contentious issues and is monitoring its implementation across the country. Most of the states have already awarded number plate contracts. Some key states — Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka, which constitute a large percentage of the vehicle population — have or are in the process of floating requests for proposals from private companies to implement the project. The new registration plate are meant for added security. In Delhi, the project last week was launched in April, 2012 and allotting of number plates started from May, 2012. A set of HSRP plates for four-wheelers cost Rs 334 and for two-wheelers Rs 111. Commercial vehicle owners need to shell out Rs 134 while Heavy Commercial Vehicles are required to pay Rs 258 (including taxes). However the company says that they had never anticipated the additional cost which they have had to incur as a result of the unexpected behaviour of the city's vehicle owners. Kapoor says they now have to pay for storage costs, making an SMS as well as calling those who have paid up to take their plates. The new registration plates, meant for added security is cast in aluminum plate that reflects light and carry a hologram issued by the state government hot-plated into the sheet. The registration number is embossed by special machines and a hot foil is rolled over the number. The plates are not fitted by screws but by a snap lock for which the owner of the vehicle had to go to the nearest regional transport office. High-security number plates fail to charm Delhiites So far, only 70,000 vehicle owners in Delhi have collected high security number plates for their vehicles Reluctance of Delhiites to collect new secured number plates for their two-wheelers and four-wheelers may turn government’s high security registration plate (HSRP) project into a damp squib. So far, only 70,000 vehicle owners in Delhi have collected high security number plates for their vehicles, against 1.6 lakh new vehicle registrations made in the state in last five months. Reluctance of Delhiites to collect new secured number plates for their two-wheelers and four-wheelers may turn government’s high security registration plate (HSRP) project into a damp squib. So far, only 70,000 vehicle owners in Delhi have collected high security number plates for their vehicles, against 1.6 lakh new vehicle registrations made in the state in last five months. “Around 1,60,000 applications were made between May 2012-September 2012, but only 70,000 of the vehicles collected the number plates. 57% of the vehicle owners have not collected their high-security registration plate even after making the payment,” U R Kapoor, deputy director (operations) in Rosmerta Technologies, which is implementing the registration plate project in five states including Delhi, said. One of the reasons, why people are not collecting the number plates could be the lack of any penal provision. The Motor Vehicle Act clearly doesn’t mention the punitive action that could be taken if the owner fails to collect HSRP on time,” he added. There are 70 lakhs vehicles in Delhi and 4 lakh vehicles are added every month. The company is yet to start the process of rolling out the numbers for old vehicles. The problem is very specific to Delhi. In other centres there are delays in collection but vehicle owners finally collect the number plates. This is not only delaying the implementation of HSRP, but is also adding to our cost of the implementing agency. “Already, the margins in this business are wafer thin. We are not even making Rs 5 per number plate. We now, have to maintain a library where we are storing the number plates which was not collected by the users,” he added. The attempt to modernise number plates started in 2001 when the central government came out with a notification that all vehicles have to shift to the new security registration plates in a year. The implementation got delayed due to a plethora of court cases. The Supreme Court resolved the various contentious issues and is monitoring its implementation across the country. Most of the states have already awarded number plate contracts. Some key states — Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka, which constitute a large percentage of the vehicle population — have or are in the process of floating requests for proposals from private companies to implement the
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6098, 14979, 13, 1736, 249, 511, 28, 41610, 13, 26831, 38869, 495, 14, 25955, 28421, 28, 5274, 13, 32546, 28, 18945, 13, 5541, 44289, 28151, 28, 427, 2697, 13, 32808, 11893, 28180, 28, 9975, 6527, 13, 2221, 3575, 9967, 6871, 11893, 28, 14857, 13, 4502, 21467, 2803, 28, 42762, 14, 740, 13, 47351, 313 ]	dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles and the effect of intrapulmonary administration of SPIO and/or LPS on the polarization profile of AM subpopulations, monoclonal antibodies raised against either CD86 or CD206 were conjugated to the iron oxide nanoparticles to specifically target M1 or M2 macrophage subpopulations, respectively, in the lung of an LPS-induced COPD model and enable their noninvasive detection using MRI. Targeted magnetic nanoprobes have the potential to become highly selective imaging tools. The feasibility of successfully conjugating antibody molecules to SPIO nanoparticles was confirmed by the BCA assay, which revealed 15 μg of CD86 and 29 μg of CD206 antibodies per mg of SPIO nanoparticles, as well as the measurements of the hydrodynamic size, which indicated an increase in the nanoprobe size from 82.7 nm for non-conjugated to 133.7 and 123.0 nm for CD86 and CD206 antibody-conjugated SPIO nanoparticles, respectively. The size of administered nanoprobes to the lung is a key factor that regulates the delivery of therapeutics and contrast agents through the pulmonary route and particularly affects the rate of engulfment by AMs. Therefore, nanoparticles in the range of 100 nm were preferred for pulmonary administration in this study, as they should be small enough to pass through the conducting airways in the lung but not too small that they fail to deposit and are exhaled again.[@b35-ijn-9-1491] On the other hand, magnetic nanoparticles with increased r2 or r2\* transverse relaxivities are needed to enhance their contrast in MRI images and therefore their efficient detection, especially for pulmonary applications with very limited MRI signal in lung parenchyma. The PEGylated dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with an iron oxide crystallite diameter of 10--13 nm and a total size of \~100 nm were found to have very high r2 and r2\* relaxivities (229.48±3.44 and 264.52±4.16 mM^−1^ · s^−1^) for non-conjugated SPIO nanoparticles, which slightly decreased after conjugation with either CD86 (201.48±5.89 and 234.24±6.16 mM^−1^ · s^−1^ for r2 and r2\, respectively) or CD206 (209.84±7.51 and 229.97±6.27 mM^−1^ · s^−1^ for r2 and r2\, respectively) antibodies. This chemical composition was reported to facilitate the exchange and diffusion of water molecules to the magnetic core of the magnetic nanoparticles,[@b36-ijn-9-1491],[@b37-ijn-9-1491] and these relaxivity values were found to be much higher than the clinically approved MRI contrast agents Feridex® IV (Berlex Laboratories, Wayne, NJ, USA) and Resovist® (Bayer Healthcare, Berlin, Germany) that were reported in the literature.[@b38-ijn-9-1491],[@b39-ijn-9-1491] A free-breathing MRI protocol was then optimized to enable the simultaneous visualization of inflammation progression in the lung of LPS-induced COPD animal model and the noninvasive detection of M1 or M2 macrophage subpopulations, which were specifically targeted with the developed antibody-conjugated nanoprobes. The possibility of inflammation detection in the lung following LPS exposition using a free-breathing MRI protocol was first introduced by Beckmann et al[@b31-ijn-9-1491] using a gradient echo sequence with a high number of excitations (ie, Nex = 60).[@b40-ijn-9-1491] The absence of a lung parenchymal signal in combination with a background free of artifacts has provided a high contrast-to-noise ratio for the detection of signals in response to LPS challenge. However, this protocol was limited for the detection of iron oxide-based nanoparticles, which induce a negative contrast in MRI images. With the recent introduction of UTE pulse sequence in MRI[@b13-ijn-9-1491] and its validation as an approach particularly valuable in imaging lung tissue, which is characterized by very short T2\* relaxation time,[@b41-ijn-9-1491] Conti et al[@b42-ijn-9-1491] showed that UTE sequence is able to better detect inflammatory regions in lung parenchyma which were, in some slices, undetectable by standard gradient echo sequence. By using a very short TE (ie, TE =0.4 ms), UTE sequence enabled enough MRI signal in the parenchyma of lung and therefore offers the possibility of sensitively detecting magnetic nanoparticles in the lung. In the current study, following CD86- and CD206-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles, void signal dots related to targeting either M1 or M2 macrophages were successfully detected in the lung of COPD model (ie, 25% decrease in hyperintensity pixels) and were found to co-localize with the inflammatory regions induced by LPS challenge. The successful recruitment of antibody-conjugated SPIO nanoparticles by macrophage subpopulations in the lung following their intrapulmonary instillation was thus confirmed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analyses, which were also performed to characterize the polarization profile of targeted AMs. Following magnetic sorting of total cellular extracts of mice lungs, an overexpression of CD86 and CD206 was detected in the eluted bound fractions of CD86- and CD206-conjugated SPIO nanoparticles, respectively, confirming the selective targeting of M1 and M2 macrophage subpopulations, respectively. Besides, no variation in the expression of CD86 and CD206 was observed in the other groups. In accordance with these observations, a co-localization of either CD86- or CD206-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles revealed through positive Prussian blue staining was detected with either iNOS M1-specific or Arg1 M2-specific marker in LPS-induced lung using immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, no variation in the expression levels of iNOS and Arg1, which were highly expressed following LPS pulmonary challenge, was observed following the administration of the macrophage-targeted nanoprobes. Although it becomes evident that AMs are extremely versatile cells and can switch their polarization profile depending on the environmental conditions, a balanced proportion of macrophage subpopulations was found to predominate even though a continuum switch in their polarization might occur. Accordingly, this study provides preliminary evidence for the presence of a balanced number of M1 and M2 macrophages at early stages of LPS-induced inflammation, which we believe may continuously change their polarization state during the time course of inflammation. However, further confirmatory studies are needed to conclusively establish this phenomenon. Conclusion ========== In conclusion, AM polarization was extensively characterized after LPS and/or SPIO intrapulmonary administration. Specific biomarkers targeted to either M1 or M2 macrophage subpopulations were identified. Biocompatible antibody-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles have thus been reported in the current paper as a novel approach to specifically target one subpopulation of macrophages in the lung of a COPD animal model and enable their noninvasive tracking using a free-breathing MRI protocol. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed MRI readouts and suggested a balance in the number of M1 and M2 macrophages during the inflammatory process and after pulmonary administration of the nanoprobes that can serve as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. This work was supported by NPST Program, King Saud University; Project Number 11-MED1773. We thank Cordula Gruttner from Micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH for help in nanoparticle conjugation and Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas from the University of Lyon for helpful discussion. Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. ![Number of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and total cells in BALF of (A) mice intrapulmonary exposed to LPS at different investigation time points, and (B) control, SPIO, LPS, and LPS-SPIO mice at 48 hours post-LPS challenge.\ Notes: Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, n=6 per group. ^\#^, ^‡^, \, P\<0.05.\ Abbreviations:* BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide; h, hours.](ijn-9-1491Fig1){#f1-ijn-9-1491} ![Measurement of IL-12 and CXCL-10 levels as markers of M1 macrophages and IL-4 and CCL-22 levels as markers of M2 macrophages in BALF of control, SPIO, LPS, and LPS-SPIO groups at 48 hours post-LPS challenge.\ Notes: Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, n=6 per group; \*P\<0.05.\ Abbreviations: BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide; CXCL-10, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10; CCL-22, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22.](ijn-9-1491Fig2){#f2-ijn-9-1491} ![Relative gene expression of NOS-2, CXCL-10, and TNF as markers of M1 macrophages and CCL-17, CCL-22, Arg1, and IL-10 as markers of M2 macrophages in SPIO, LPS, and LPS-SPIO mice compared with control mice. GAPDH was analyzed as an internal control.\ Note: Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, n=6 per group.\ Abbreviations: Arg, arginase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CXCL-10, chemokine (
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19298, 1665, 434, 7535, 281, 2469, 641 ]	you would be proud to present your credentials in the service of the SBC. I mean the CHURCH elevator, not just some random elevator here in this city. Maybe i didn't make myself clear. I think its a bit tacky and should be possibly REMOVED. Sort of like YOU were, I mean, if they remove you, they can remove your name from the elevator? A lighthouse attached to a parking garage about 20 miles from the Atlantic coast. Well, isn't that special. How much does FBC JAX pay in taxes for all their multi-level parking garages downtown. That real estate that has nothing to do with the free exercise of religion (worship) and can be used during the week to generate revenue apart from religious tithes or offerings. They must pay some tax, I just wonder what the rate might be, especially when taxes on my Jacksonville home are being increased. Heck, why not tax all church or other religious properties not used directly for religious worship? I am trying to be careful because there may be a lot of things about this matter that I do not know. Louis September 20, 2009 3:56 PM And that would be the point, precisely, concerning your expert legal analyses here. However much you know or do not know, you certainly are more than willing to slip in your opinion in the guise of legal expertise judiciously placing the above qualifiers as insurance. Well done. But that brings me to this: What, exactly then, would be your point in gracing us with your 'legal' analyses? To what end? "You are certainly free to question me and whether I am a lawyer. That is fine." And I thank you for granting me permission to do what has already been done. My mind is at rest. Readers - congrats to Jeff Brumley, the Florida Times Union who broke the FBC Jax/JSO story in April...as he won an award at the recent Regligion Newswriters Association convention in Minneapolis: "Religion Reporter of the Year--Mid-sized NewspapersPublications with weekday circulations between 50,001 and 150,000 compete in the Cornell Award. Jeff Brumley of The Florida Times-Union won first place for an extended look at how faith meets modern life. Judges said his stories "...provide authoritative voices for context but also give readers a glimpse of how regular folks fit in. The writing is smooth and easy to read." Brumley won $1,000." Brumley and the Times Union went with the FBC Jax/JSO story, and have continued to go after it, much to the dislike of the FBC Jax heavy-hitters. Even Brunson himself has whined from his pulpit about how the newspaper doesn't want to print positive stories about FBC Jax - which is totally ridiculous, if anyone who has been in Jacksonville for a decade or more knows. I like Jeff, and I believe he has done an excellent job in his writing on this story thus far - and has presented the facts in a fair and objective manner. Congrats to Jeff for the award and recognition received from his peers. Must be my day for disappointing people. I am going to decline becoming a source or a source of sources for blogs. I have nothing against the folks you mention. I think that the best sources for any research they might want to do are the court cases, which are public record and the church itself. All of the court opinions can be obtained from the clerks. I think that I cited the Court of Appeals opinion. The church would have, I suspect, the allegations made and the results of the church looking into those. The church is probably not interested in going through all of this, but I don't know. And some of the allegations are so both sensational and there was no confirming information found that the church would probably not want to repeat them by releasing any information. But I will leave that with them. "I think that the best sources for any research they might want to do are the court cases, which are public record and the church itself. All of the court opinions can be obtained from the clerks. I think that I cited the Court of Appeals opinion. The church would have, I suspect, the allegations made and the results of the church looking into those. The church is probably not interested in going through all of this, but I don't know. And some of the allegations are so both sensational and there was no confirming information found that the church would probably not want to repeat them by releasing any information. But I will leave that with them. " Now, that is too bad, Louis. Especially since you were so eager to defend Sutton by referencing them here without citing or linking source material. I am still confused why they would allow such a crook to teach Sunday School all those years leading up to his 'dissent' from Sutton. My how saved you are. I bet you've been in church for years. Decades even. Really, the more I read this stuff, I'd like to say I'm "shocked" but I'm really not surprised. I see zero evidence of God's supposed power from those that post from the FBC side. Really, what is your problem, FBC posters? Why do you come here? Why read this if it is causing you to sin? And in your beliefs, that is exactly what it is doing. Yet, you keep coming back. Weird, strange sayings from you people. One clown said he was now going to send in more money to FBC so as to help defeat Tom. Aside from the tasty irony in that statement, how strange you are, anonymous poster. Don't you want the courts to try and get to the truth? I do. What are you afraid of? The truth is the truth, and the truth is good. Yeah, I know already. You're afraid because you have something invested in the power part of FBC, and you can see the day coming when that side of FBC just might be embarrassed and kicked to the curb. Well, from my perspective as an atheist, your side has already had its ass thoroughly kicked and discredited. Making charges up and then having a detective on Mac's goon squad check them out. Yeah, that's Biblical. What a nest of vipers the leadership is down at FBC. A real brood - all wrapped up and sleeping in a tangled nest of lies. Tom, I'm convinced these anonymous posters coming here are deacons and other men in leadership positions at FBCJ. I'm sure of it. The rank and file at FBCJ are good people and would not stoop to such yellow-belly BS. That's what makes this so deliciously rich and satisfying, Tom. It's not just you doing the exposing - you're driving them to expose themselves. I have never threatened you! All I said was that you have made yourself a potential target of a subpoena by claiming inside knwowledge, and that subpoenaed non-espert witnesses do not get compensated. That was not a threat, it was a statement of fact. Get some education and some sense before you start accusing people of threatening you. False accusations can be considered libelous. Hi Johnny D - I truly hope you are wrong. I would like to think that these posters are young, over-zealous members who don't know any better. Arguments like "but you started it" must be coming from some very, very immature minds who believe right and wrong must be decided on who "started" something... Well, Tom, unlike FBC leadership, I can admit it when I am proven wrong. You may be right about the source, but these defense/attack posts from the other side are just too sustained, too regular. Personally, I give young people more credit than that. These posts are, in my opinion, coming from older, set-in-their ways folks in positions of power - positions they now see threatened. With the economy on the rocks, and now you exposing the FBC leadership for what it is, they have got to be looking at kicking out some on the payroll due to the decreased "tithes." We'll see eventually - especially if you do get your day in court and get your richly deserved vindication. Yes most of the people at FBC Jax are truly strange and weird. Same with FBC Dallas, but then most of them LIKELY aren't truly saved either. It's all about business and social connections for the most part. "Making charges up and then having a detective on Mac's goon squad check them out. Yeah, that's Biblical. What a nest of vipers the leadership is down at FBC. A real brood - all wrapped up and sleeping in a tangled nest of lies." THE "THE CHEST OF JOASH" letter states that the offering this year will go towards budget to help catch up the mininistry needs in the church. My unprofessional opinion is that Brunson is leading the charge in church spending - the chain of what the tradition was set up for has been broken - sorry to burst everyone's bubble, but it is no longer a "apecial tradition" as it once was. The letter also tells us that we are living in economically challenging days and need to take care of our own immediate needs at home - as the letter states "in times past, we have designated the offering for special projects, in times past, we did not witness this: "Land gift (contrary to Brunson's advice to pastors
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275, 305, 750, 2184, 16756, 275, 11214, 412, 3703, 6358, 13, 2264, 305, 750, 72, 3422, 9532, 403, 2223, 5176, 407, 1027, 10264, 4870, 824, 347, 15465, 11998, 13, 2221, 26717, 6392, 19, 11998, 390, 5084, 19849, 15, 496, 1635, 281, 305, 750, 72, 3422, 9532, 13, 305, 750, 2184, 20392, 671, 3831, 4101, 72, 750, 72, 3422, 3527, 13, 305, 2966, 311, 13, 305, 750, 72, 3017, 13, 10370, 706, 3017, 13, 3120, 9201, 13, 285, 305, 750, 72, 37084, 544, 25, 1570, 443, 750, 2184, 20392, 285, 6505, 671, 3831, 495, 14, 18573, 7806, 3017, 313, 9290, 266, 3017, 13, 390, 305, 750, 72, 3017, 10, 285, 2905, 608, 14, 18573, 501, 263, 5620, 3017, 313, 9290, 3017, 13, 390, 10370, 706, 3017, 10, 2011, 275, 2667, 15, 5329, 15, 21, 15, 187, 187, 1470, 15, 5329, 15, 21, 187, 187, 2422, 76, 1190, 44787, 9532, 285, 17519, 4188, 3017, 275, 305, 750, 2184, 8357, 285, 10617, 187, 187, 4118, 5329, 15, 19, 15, 20, 12324, 3878, 265, 187, 187, 40, 750, 2184, 6505, 3831, 247, 1180, 273, 1027, 3510, 273, 4109, 3878, 265, 13, 10775, 4109, 81, 1751, 492, 300, 514, 2487, 313, 72, 750, 311, 1487, 329, 13, 378, 13, 330, 13, 500, 285, 10370, 3051, 504, 10, 313, 1470, 15, 5329, 15, 22, 582, 1195, 468, 79, 24453 ]	ia jasminoides attenuates hepatocellular injury and fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats and human hepatic stellate cells. World J Gastroenterol 18(48):7158–7165CrossRef 22. Zhang et al (2013) Antithrombotic activities of aqueous extract from Gardenia jasminoides and its main constituent. Pharm Biol 51(2):221–225CrossRef 23. Ding et al (2013) Potential hepatotoxicity of geniposide, the major iridoid glycoside in dried ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides (Zhi-zi). Nat Prod Res 27(10):929–933CrossRef © Springer-Verlag Wien 2015 Yanze Liu, Zhimin Wang and Junzeng Zhang (eds.)Dietary Chinese Herbs10.1007/978-3-211-99448-1_45 # 45. Ginkgo biloba L. 银杏 (Yinxing, Baiguo, Ginkgo) Yingqin Li1 and Chun Hu1 (1) Nutrilite Health Institute, 5600 Beach Blvd, Buena Park, CA 90621, USA Chun Hu Email: [email protected] ## 45.1 Botanical Identity is the only genus and species of the botanical family Ginkgoaceae, and is one of the best-known examples of a living fossil. This family of prehistoric trees once included several species which grew in abundance throughout the world (141–98 million years ago), but disappeared from the western North American fossil record (24–7 million years ago) [1]. Today, it is native only to China, with an annual production of 14,000 tons of ginkgo nut and 20,000 tons of ginkgo leaf primarily from Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Hubei, Anhui and Guangxi provinces [2]. The ginkgo genus name comes from the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese name for the plant-Gin Kyo or silver apricot. Its species name biloba reflects the often 2-lobed nature of the leaf. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, both ginkgo nuts and leaves are considered to have medicinal uses [3]. Baiguo (ginkgo nut or seed) is used in traditional Chinese medicine as food and medicine, and ginkgo leaf extract is a well known dietary supplement and pharmaceutical ingredients in global markets. The L. tree is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 40 m high and 3–4 m in diameter. Ginkgo is cultivated as an ornament worldwide in cool to sub-tropical regions, but is only cultivated medicinally in China. In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, ginkgo nuts are harvested in the fall and are processed by removing their outer fleshy sacrotesta and followed by washing, steaming or blanching, and drying. Ginkgo leaves are typically used in extract forms, produced from green leaves harvested between May and July when ginkgo leaves contain high amounts of active compounds. Leaves from young trees contain higher amount of active compounds than older trees [4]. The fresh leaves are dried immediately, extracted, purified through various methods, and followed by drying processes. Depending on the quality of the leaves and the processing procedures, in general, one kg of ginkgo leaves extract is produced from 35–67 kg of dried leaves (with an average of 50:1) (Fig. 45.1). Fig. 45.1 Ginkgo tree with fruits and fresh leaves (a) and Ginkgo nuts (b) ## 45.2 Chemical Constituents Ginkgo nuts are listed as an edible food in the Chinese Food Composition Table (2002) and as medicine in the Chinese Pharmacopioea. Ginkgo nuts contain 13.2 % (dry weight) protein, 1.3 % fat and 72.6 % carbohydrates. Ginkgo starch granules are oval or spherical, and while their amylose and pectinamymlose ratio and degree of polymerization vary among cultivars, a large portion of ginkgo starch is slowly digestible resistant starch [5]. Major phytochemicals in the nut include polyacetate derivatives such as alkyl phenolic acids and alkyl phenols, ginkgotoxin (4′-O-methyl pyridoxine), cyanophoric glycosides, phytohormone cytokine like components, gibberellin and asparagin. Ginkgo nuts contain same flavonoids as ginkgo leaves, but at lower contents (less than 0.1 %), however they contain the same terpene lactones as the leaves at higher contents [6]. Ginkgo nut oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids [7], including palmitic acid (5.7–6.7 %), palmitoleic acid (3.2–3.9 %), stearic acid (0.9–1.3 %), oleic acid (35.0–36.9 %), linoleic acid (40.4–42.9 %) and linolenic acid (1.7–5.5 %). Both ginkgo leaf and its extract are listed as medicinal ingredients in the Chinese Phamacopoeia. Their primary phytochemicals are flavonoids and terpene lactones. Minor compounds include polyacetate derivatives such as alkyl phenolic acids and alkyl phenols, ginkgotoxin, and miscellaneous organic and inorganic compounds. ### 45.2.1 Flavonoids Flavonoids are rare in gingko nuts [8], but abundant in ginkgo leaves. More than 30 flavonoids have been identified [9]. Flavonol glycosides from ginkgo include mono-, di- and tri-glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin, myricetin and 3′-methylmyricetin with glucose and rhamnose as sugar units (Fig. 45.2). Quercetin and kaempferol are the predominant aglycones and their 3-O-rutinoside and 3-O-biloside, acylated flavonol derivatives are the primary constituents of ginkgo leaves. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia requires minimum of 0.4 % ginkgo flavonol glycoside in dried leaves, and minimum 24 % in ginkgo leaf extract. Due to market competition and limited resources of feedstock, ginkgo leaf extract is known to be adulterated by non-ginkgo flavonoids to achieve commercial advantage. Adulteration can be identified by using the quantitative ratio of quercetin:kaempferol at 0.8–1.5:1 and HPLC fingerprinting of natural occurring flavonoids fractions [10]. Ginkgo leaves also contain fair amounts of biflavones including amentoflavone, 7-methyoxyamentoflavone, bilobetin, 5′-methyoxybilobetin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, and sciadopitysin (Fig. 45.3) [11]. Minor flavonoids in leaves include apigenin, luteolin and their glycosides, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (+)-gallocatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin (Fig. 45.3). Fig. 45.2 Flavonol and acylated flavonol aglycones, mono-, di- and tri-glycosides found in ginkgo leaf Fig. 45.3 Structure of biflavonoids and catehins in ginkgo leaf ### 45.2.2 Alkyl Phenolic Acids and Alkyl Phenols Alkyl phenolic acids (anacardic acids), known as ginkgolic acids, are 6-alkylsalicyclic acids with alkyl residues of the size 13–19 carbon and with up to three double bonds. Ginkgolic acids are more abundant in ginkgo nuts than in leaves. Five ginkgolic acids are often found at 0.48–2.51 % in dry leaves depending on the season it was collected and 5–10 ppm in leaf extract, with a typical breakdown of C13 (12 %), C15 (48 %) and C17 (40 %) (Fig. 45.4). Leaves harvested from younger trees in May and June contain higher amount of ginkgolic acids [12]. Since regulations limit ginkgolic acid concentrations to 5–10 ppm in ginkgo extracts in pharmacopoeias, total ginkgolic acids are often removed by different manufacturing processes such as solvent extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction or column chromatography. In addition to ginkgolic acids, ginkgo nuts also contain hydroginkgolic acid, ginnol, ginkgols, bilobols, cardanol, and ginkgotoxin [8]. Ginkgo nuts and leaves also contain 3-alkylphenols (cardanols, or ginkgols) and related 5-alkyl resorcinols (cardols, or bilobols) shown in Fig. 45.4. Fig. 45.4 Alkyl phenolic acids and alkyl phenols in ginkgo seed and leaf ### 45.2.3 Terpenes Ginkgo leaves contain a number of different types of terpenes, namely terpene trilactones (ginkolides A, B, C, J and bilobalide) (Fig. 45.5), tripernenes
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4034, 13, 10197, 818, 15, 883, 28, 43424, 13, 10197, 608, 15, 1508, 37011, 284, 973, 347, 427, 646, 26548, 347, 28991, 13025, 757, 5282, 457 ]	are cited according to the edition of Hans Lietzmann, Apollinaris von Laodicea und seine Schule: Texte und Untersuchungen (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1904). 14. FN1414) Greg.Naz. Ep. 101.30–31. References to Gregory’s works follow the Sources Chrétiennes editions. The letter’s second anathema, against the idea that the Son was “channeled” through the Virgin, is arguably directed against Diodore, not Apollinarius. 15. FN1515) Greg.Naz. Ep. 102. 16. FN1616) Greg.Naz. Ep. 202.9–13. 17. FN1717) Greg.Naz. Ep. 202.15–16. 18. FN1818) Apollin. Frag. 24–34. 19. FN1919) Apollin. Frag. 31. 20. FN2020) Apollin. Frag. 33. 21. FN2121) Apollin. Frag. 32. 22. FN2222) Gregory of Nyssa, Antirrh. (GNO 3/1, 148). On Apollinarius’ exegetical work in the Apodeixis and Gregory of Nyssa’s response, see Rowan Greer, “The Man from Heaven: Paul’s Last Adam and Apollinaris’ Christ,” Paul and the Legacies of Paul, ed. William S. Babcock (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1990), 165–182. 23. FN2323) Apollin. Frag. 163; Ep. ad Dion 7. 24. FN2424) Apollin. Frag. 10, 93. The terms ἕνωσις and κρᾶσις occur together in Origen, Cels. 3.41. In defense of the Christian belief that Jesus is himself the divine Word of God and also born of a mortal body, Origen writes, ‘his mortal body and the human soul in him received the greatest elevation not only by communion (κοινωνία) but by union and intermingling (ἕνωσις καὶ ἀνακράσει), so that by sharing in His divinity he was transformed into God’ (Chadwick trans.). While the precedent of Origen is more important, the terms of mixture also have currency in Stoic and Neoplatonic philosophy/physics: see Verna Harrison, “Some Aspects of St. Gregory the Theologian’s Soteriology”, Greek Orthodox Theological Review 34 (1989): 13, with bibliography. 33. FN3333) A series of Italian synods under Damasus of Rome likewise opposed Apollinarius, and may have had an influence on Gregory Nazianzen’s understanding of the same. See Beeley, Gregory of Nazianzus, 31–3, 318. 34. FN3434) In the Kata Meros Pistis and the De Unione, and in certain Fragments, Apollinarius speaks in terms of a two-part anthropology (flesh and soul), so that Christ is the Word made flesh, without a human soul or spirit (Apollin. KMP 2, 11, 28, 30; De Unione 12; Frag. 19, 22, 28, 41, 72, 129). In other Fragments we also find a three-part anthropology: the Word took on a human soul and flesh, without a human mind (see Apollin. Frag. 22, 25, 89, 91). Whether this difference reflects a substantive change of anthropological model or simply the further clarification of the same basic view is unclear. The fact that, at a relatively early point in Apollinarius’ career, his associates signed the Alexandrian Tome of 362, which denounces the view that Christ is ἄψυχος (Athanasius, Tome 7), supports the latter view. 35. FN3535) Or a mind plus soul and flesh. ἄνθρωπος νοῦς ἔνσαρκος ὤν. Apollin. Frag. 69; see also 70–2. It would be worth exploring to what extent Apollinarius’ anthropology reflects Origen’s idea that human beings are rational beings incarnated in human bodies—minus the now-scandalous theory of their pre-existence. 36. FN3636) Apollin. Frag. 70. 37. FN3737) Apollin. Frag. 74: ‘If together with God, who is intellect, there was also a human intellect in Christ, then the work of the incarnation is not accomplished in him’; see also 70–1. 38. FN3838) Apollin. Frag. 108, 117; see also 109. 39. FN3939) Apollin. Frag. 87; see also 42. 40. FN4040) Apollin. Frag. 9, 42. 41. FN4141) Apollin. Frag. 45: ‘He is not a human being but is like a human being, since he is not consubstantial with humanity in his highest part’; see also 69. 42. FN4242) Apollin. Frag. 91: ‘If we are made up of three parts [human mind, soul, and flesh], while he is made up of four [divine mind, plus a human mind, soul, and flesh], then he is not a human being but a man-God’ (οὐκ ἄνθρωπος ἀλλὰ ἀνθρωπόθεος). Apollinarius also observes that, just as we are both consubstantial with irrational animals (in the flesh) and not consubstantial with them (being rational creatures), so too is Christ consubstantial with us (in the flesh) and not consubstantial with us (having a divine rather than a human Logos) (Frag. 126). 43. FN4343) Apollin. Frag. 38. 44. FN4444) At Jesus’ conception in the Virgin, the Word spiritually performed the function of the life-giving substance, taking the place of the male seed, which thus became Jesus’ divine mind (Apollin. De Unione 13; see also 1). 45. FN4545) Apollin. Frag. 9, 85; see also KMP 31: we worship the Trinity, not the Trinity plus the man Jesus. 46. FN4646) Apollin. De Unione 5; Frag. 129; see also 123. 47. FN4747) Apollinarius is no doubt basing himself on a certain reading of Paul’s argument in Rom 7—that the law of sin in his members (or in his flesh, v. 18) is at war with the spiritual law of his mind, his ‘inmost self,’ where he ‘delights in the law of God’ (7.22–3)— combined with other New Testament passages that speak of the opposition between the flesh and the spirit, esp. Rom 8.1–17; 1 Cor 15.35–58; Gal 5.16–26; 6.8, 21; 1 Jn 2.15–16. 48. FN4848) Apollin. Frag. 74. 49. FN4949) Apollin. Frag. 76. 50. FN5050) Apollin. KMP 2. 51. FN5151) Apollin. Frag. 74; see also KMP 31. 52. FN5252) Apollin. KMP 2. 53. FN5353) Although ‘the Divinity took up the flesh’s capacity for suffering’ (Apollin. KMP 2; see 29), the Divinity remains without change and God power in the Word suffered no limitation in the incarnation: ‘whatever sufferings might come to the flesh, the Power of God had its own proper freedom from them’ (Apollin. KMP 11; see De Unione 6, 8), and ‘his mind is untrammeled by the sufferings of spirit and flesh (Apollin. KMP 30; see also Frag. 93, 117). On this point Apollinarius and Diodore are ironically closer to one another than either is to Gregory, who prefers a more radically theopaschite approach to the identity and work of Christ. 54. FN5454) For the evidence of Diodore’s career, see John Behr, The Case Against Diodore and Theodore: Texts and their Contexts. Oxford Early Christian Texts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 48–52. 56. FN5656) It was most likely Diodore who nominated Flavian as Meletius’ successor in Antioch (veiled references can be found in Gregory’s De vita sua 1546–7, 1566–9, 1583–8)—for which he was excommunicated by a Roman synod the following year, for violating the prior arrangement for Meletius’ succession (Sozomen, HE 7.11; Socrates, HE 5.23)—as well as Nectarius as Gregory Nazianzen’
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13, 597, 2210 ]	into a weapon of truly awesome power. Huru Huru hurled the blue mollusc away towards the sea, but the damage had been done. The stinging cells, those little harpoons, had fired and delivered their agonizing cargo of poison into both his neck and his hand. He fell to his knees, foaming and frothing at the mouth. Huru Huru tried to speak, but all that came out was a hoarse croaking. 'Help me...' And then the croak gave way to a juddering, silent scream, as the chief writhed and squirmed grotesquely on the ground. Matahi was on his feet again by now. He limped over to Huru Huru. Frazer looked in wonder at Amazon. 'Remind me never to get on your bad side,' he said. 'You already are,' she replied, with a pert smile. Then they ran to Bluey and helped him up. The three of them, arm in arm, then became spectators for the next act in the drama. Matahi was speaking to the crowd in his own language. It wasn't hard to work out what he was saying. He was the true chief, the son of the beloved Tuvali, and he was come to reclaim what was rightfully his. And then he glanced at the Trackers and switched to English, as he addressed his fallen rival, who still squirmed on the floor in silent agony. 'Huru Huru, for what you have done, you deserve to perish. I could let you die here in torment, or I could put an end to it, and you.' He picked up the vicious war club and weighed it in his hands, as if appreciating its heft and balance. Huru looked up at him with bloodshot eyes. 'Mercy,' he may have said, or perhaps it was some other Polynesian word, a hex or a promise. Amazon made as if to go towards Matahi. She was going to tell him that he must be humane, that he should not stoop to the same level as Huru Huru, but Bluey put a hand on her shoulder. 'He knows what he's doing,' he said. And then Matahi looked at Moipu and Tipua. 'Take him. Wash the sting in seawater. Then take a canoe to the big ship and leave this island forever. Your friend Chung will take care of you. Or perhaps just throw you to the sharks. I do not care.' The two men looked sickeningly grateful to have escaped with their lives. They did as they were bidden and, ten minutes later, they were paddling a large twin-hulled canoe towards the gap in the reef, with Huru Huru lying on the platform between the two hulls, as the villagers hurled abuse (as well as some rather unpleasant material gathered from the pigpen) in their direction. 'I think,' said Bluey to Matahi, 'that you owe us an explanation.' The noble Polynesian smiled and nodded. 'All good stories must be accompanied by a feast.' 'Now you're talking!' said Frazer. 'Not quite yet,' said Bluey, who had dragged himself up on to his feet. 'We've still got our mission. Chung is still on the loose and he wants those turtles.' Matahi grasped his arm. 'You are right, my friend. But now that my people have been freed from the tyranny of Huru Huru, Chung has no allies on this island. During my time on the ship I learned much about this man. He sails the seas finding rare animals to sell to America. Parrots, Komodo dragons and turtles. But he is a wicked businessman and not a warrior. He has many of our pearls, and will not have to pay for them now that Huru Huru is no more. I believe that he will go to another place where his evil is not so well known. 'My people were crushed, but now they are free, and they will help you with your great task. I will set men to watch the beaches, and together we will carry the little ones into the water, if there is a need. Tomorrow there is much work to do, but now it is our way to celebrate a victory, and I promise you a Polynesian feast is not something that you will ever forget.' ## The feast was, indeed, mighty. It was eaten on the beach, around a huge fire of driftwood, with the setting sun as a backdrop. For, amazingly, the clouds had lifted, and for only the second time on their Polynesian adventure, the world looked to Amazon as she felt it was supposed to: beautiful blues and greens, melting into the gold. And, once the sun had set, out came the astounding stars, and then a moon so bright it almost hurt the eyes to stare at it. Even the _no-nos_ were kept at bay by the smoke from the fire. They were served fish and pork that had been wrapped in banana leaves and baked under the ground in an earth oven. There were great piles of gaudily coloured fruit, and bowls of the thick porridge called _poi_ , made from mashed-up taro roots. Bluey, fortified by the allergy medication, was feeling much better, and he and Frazer tucked into everything with great gusto. At last Amazon and Frazer found themselves in the midst of Polynesian culture at its vibrant, noisy, exuberant best. The men and women took it in turns to dance, while the children copied their steps, and fell over their feet. The men's dancing was full of martial vigour, with comical facial grimaces and lunges with imaginary spears. The women dancers were more elegant, forming lines of swaying hips and undulating arms. The singing was extraordinary, by turns low and percussive and high and melodic. Among many unfamiliar but haunting melodies, Amazon recognized some old hymns that she had sung at school, but they were warped and twisted and taken into new and thrilling directions. Matahi translated the words of the songs for them. Some were tales of tragic love. Others were stories of the old gods, filled with drama and darkness. Another told of the great sea voyages from a thousand years ago, setting out into the unknown and finding new lands at the rim of the world. The men of the village passed round wooden bowls of kava. Matahi offered it to Bluey, who took a long drink. Then it was Frazer's turn. 'Just a sip,' said Bluey, 'so you can tell people you've tried it.' 'What is this stuff?' Frazer asked, sniffing it suspiciously. 'It's made from the root of the kava plant, a member of the pepper family. The women chew it up and spit out the pulp. That gets mixed with water, left to stew for a while, then you drink it. It makes your tongue go numb, and then you fall asleep.' 'Thanks,' said Frazer. 'But I think I'll give it a miss.' It was time, at last, for Matahi's story. The whole village gathered round to listen, even though most of them would only understand fragments and scraps. 'My father, Tuvali, was a great man. He sailed all over the Pacific, sometimes with your fathers, who called him by the name Omo. This you know. What you do not know is that his father, Oto, was the chief of this village. Oto was a strong man and a fierce warrior, and Tuvali argued with him, and left the island. Finally he heard word that his father was dying and came home. He was reconciled with his father, and was at his side as he died. Then for many years my father was the chief. But he was a different sort of chief to Oto. He was a kind man, as well as a strong one. He said that the men and women of the village must make decisions together. He said that all people were equal, that there should not be chiefs and lesser men. 'And my father taught the village the way of farming the black pearls, which he had learned of in his wanderings. It was a way of earning the village money without harming the ocean or the land. The money would buy things for the village. Clean water and sanitation. Materials for the huts. He wanted to build a school for the children. In fact, the school building was begun – it is now the house of Huru Huru, that you have seen. 'But not all of the people of the village agreed with my father. Huru Huru said that my father was a coward. He even sometimes said that my father was not the same Tuvali who had left the village, but an impostor. 'My father should have banished Huru Huru, but it was not his way. He tried to make Huru Huru understand that he was wrong. And Huru Huru pretended to change. But all the time he was plotting with his brothers Moipu and Tipua. They even pretended to be _my_ friend. And as my mother was dead and I had no brothers or sisters that made my heart glad. 'And then, one black night, they came
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17566, 22835, 313, 1542, 271, 18389, 273, 253, 8393, 16977, 30222, 273, 26588, 90, 12306, 16, 2140, 636, 14694, 40425, 13, 923, 1275, 15, 3387, 481, 3196, 285, 322, 69, 16, 89, 28094, 76, 403, 8244, 7939, 327 ]	preferred to Stacks because of its superior ability to deal with paired-end reads when calling genotypes. Briefly, dDocent calls Trimmomatic v0.3671, bwa v0.7.1572 and Freebayes v1.1.073 to respectively quality control the raw reads, align the filtered sequences to the reference genome and infer individuals’ genotypes at polymorphic loci. Trimmomatic was used to remove bases with a quality score <20 from the beginning and end of reads, and additionally trim bases with an average quality score <10 in a sliding 5 bp window. The ‘mem’ algorithm implemented in bwa was applied setting the match score value (-A) to 1, the penalty for a mismatch (-B) to 4 and the gap penalty (-O) to 6. Freebayes was used to call genotypes setting a minimum mapping and base quality score to 10. Sequence variation analysis: filtering and GWAS of sex in X. hellerii The raw VCF variant file was obtained by setting the X. maculatus v4.4.2 as the reference genome46. In this version of the X. maculatus genome, the original scaffolds43 were tiled along a dense genetic map to create chromosome-length genome assemblies. The VCF file was filtered using VCFtools v0.1.1574 to retain loci present in a minimum of 80% of the individuals and having mapping quality (MQ) > 30. Further stringent filtering was applied using the dDocent_filters script (http://ddocent.com/filtering/) that relies on both VCFtools and the vcffilter module in the vcflib package (https://github.com/vcflib/). A total of 65,417 SNPs passed the quality control applied and were used for the GWAS and the F ST analyses (the full set of filters, and the number of sites removed at each step, are reported in Supplementary Table 3; the individuals’ genotypes were deposited into the Dryad Data Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7h54h66). The final VCF file was used to perform a standard genome-wide association analysis using PLINK v1.90b4.975 setting sex as the binary case/control variable. The −log 10 p-value (obtained with a Fisher’s exact test) of each SNP was shown as a function of genomic position on the 24 X. maculatus LGs46 in a Manhattan plot constructed with the R package qqman v0.1.476. The threshold for genome-wide significance was set at a p-value = 7.64e−7 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (0.05/65,417 variants). To identify highly divergent, potential candidate sex-chromosome regions using an additional line of investigation, the program VCFtools was used to calculate F ST -values between males and females across different non-overlapping sliding windows (1, 10 and 100 Kb). As a suggestive threshold for significance, we used the upper 1% percentile distribution of the per window F ST values (1 Kb window: F ST = 0.184; 1 Kb window: F ST = 0.181; 1 Kb window: F ST = 0.157). Coverage analysis to identify sex association in X. hellerii As an alternative and independent approach to identify and verify potential sex-associated SNPs, we analysed mapped sequence coverage information from X. hellerii males and females to identify loci located in the non-recombining and recombination restricted regions of the sex chromosomes. We first created a set of reference loci using the ustacks module of the Stacks package in default mode, but setting the minimum depth of coverage required to create a stack (-m) to 5. As a reference for aligning the RAD loci, we used the X. hellerii genome v3.0.1 (NCBI accession number: GCA_001443345.1)47 that is derived from a single female, strain Sarabia, from the Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center (TX, USA). Existing evidence suggested that the female is the heterogametic sex in this species; therefore, because the genome of X. hellerii was generated using a single female individual, using the X. hellerii genome would allow us to recover a higher number of W-linked loci than using the X. maculatus genome. We used this approach to confirm the findings of the statistically more robust GWAS approach, and possibly to identify specific X. hellerii sex-determining regions (e.g. autosomal modifiers). The total 70,763 loci, extracted from the Stacks’ catalogue formatted in fasta format (deposited into the Dryad Data Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7h54h66), were used as a reference for the alignment of the sequence set of each sample carried out with Bowtie2 v2.3.077 in ‘--very-sensitive’ mode. To avoid redundant information, only one of the paired loci was retained to serve as a reference. Next, raw coverage values—i.e. the number of reads mapping to each locus—were extracted from each individual mapping file using SAMtools v1.2.178 idxstats and normalized using the Median Ratio Normalization (MRN) function implemented in DESeq2 v1.8.179. We then calculated the mean coverage for each locus (including males and females), but first removed loci with coverage below 3 and above 400 because they most likely indicate mapping errors and repetitive elements, respectively (the number of loci was reduced to 29,444 after the coverage filters were applied). We assumed a ZW sex-determination system is operating in this system, given the results from our sequence variation analysis (see the previous paragraph), and from the filtered coverage data set we selected (1) potentially W-linked female-specific loci and (2) Z-linked loci. According to expectations, W-linked loci should be present only in females, the heterogametic sex, so we applied coverage filters to satisfy this condition (mean coverage in females >7; mean coverage in males <2). On the other hand, the Z-linked loci are expected to be present in both sexes, but they should have twice the coverage in males than in females, as they have two copies of the Z chromosome (coverage filter to identify these loci: mean coverage ratio in male/female >1.9). We note that this type of filtering criteria is dependent on the sequencing depth of coverage used in the experiment, and the use of these arbitrary filters means the results should be interpreted with caution. However, the main purpose of the coverage analysis was to confirm the results of the GWAS analysis. Finally, we used a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test to test for over-representation of these candidate sex-chromosome loci in the X. maculatus LGs that were associated with sex (SNP analysis). Synthetic hybrids: laboratory cross experiment Laboratory crosses were conducted which mimic the hybridisation with backcrossing evolutionary scenario that has potentially given rise to at least two Xiphophorus fish species, and may have contributed to the ancestry of other taxa. We sampled both first generation and approximately 100th generation backcrossed individuals that had been artificially selected for two pigmentation phenotypes. We note that all sampled backcross generations were raised under the same standard laboratory conditions, therefore excluding any environmental effects. In these laboratory crosses, one parental species is X. maculatus, where the strain Jp163A (origin Rio Jamapa) was used, which is also the same strain from which the reference genome was produced43. This strain has been kept as a brother–sister mating line for more than 100 generations. The other parental species used in the laboratory crosses is X. hellerii. The stock is derived from fish collected from the Rio Lancetilla and has been kept for over 50 years in closed colony breeding. The X. hellerii stock has been through several bottlenecks (due to the breakdown of the stock) where only a handful of fish or even a single pair was used to regenerate the stock. Both parental species are representatives of the two clades that were earlier shown to have been involved in the initial hybridisation event generating X. clemenciae and X. monticolus33,36,37. The first generation hybrid cross was between a female X. maculatus and a male X. hellerii. Next, a backcross was made between an F 1 female, carrying the pigmentation phenotypes intended for selection and an X. hellerii male. Females were then selected for each successive backcross according to the two colour markers. One is the erythrophore pigmentation pattern dorsal red, Dr, which causes a dark red colouration of the dorsal fin and in hybrids extends from there over the whole body and the unpaired fins. The second pattern is caused by the closely linked macromelanophore pattern locus spotted dorsal, Sd. It is expressed as jet-black pigmentation spots at the base of the dorsal fin in purebred X. maculatus. In the genetic background of X. hellerii, the macromelanophores cover the whole dorsal fin, and from there invade the dorsal and caudal body compartment of the fish. As an effect of the Sd locus component, xmrk oncogene74, the macromelanophore pattern in the genetic background of X. hellerii is enhanced to melanotic hyperpigmentation that can progress to malignant melanoma (for an overview of the pigmentation genetics of platyfish/swordtail hybrids, see ref. 40). Dr and Sd/xmrk are closely linked on
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13, 933, 6312, 285, 18433, 342, 3739, 5861, 15, 7850, 16634, 671, 3831, 3081, 7898, 9128, 6430, 15, 773, 1231, 457, 250, 6240, 581, 670, 1046, 1458, 2909, 327, 3388, 1806, 657, 9553, 2296, 15, 187, 187, 11888, 3882, 3425, 3815, 13, 657, 9553, 2296, 326, 521, 2567, 476, 1024, 3283, 247, 1436, 457, 84, 4898, 13, 2801, 13, 5130, 3295, 285, 4707 ]	at Venezia Giulia valley (near Borjana) As part of the Italian V Corps the division remained in Istria on garrison duty until 6 April 1941 when Axis forces began the invasion of Yugoslavia. The first Yugoslav cities to fall were Prezid and Čabar on 12 April, followed Novi Lazi and Borovec on 14 April. On 19 April the division reached Delnice, the following day Knin. For the next two years the division command remained in Knin, while the divisions units were continuously employed in anti-Partisan operations: in Šibenik, Brod na Kupi, Gračac, Petrovac and Drvar. The heaviest fighting occurred during July 1942 when the division tried to clean the Velebit mountains of Partisan forces. In March 1943, after the Battle of the Neretva, the division transferred to Rome to aid in the defense of the city in case of an Allied attack. During this time the division was reorganized along the lines of the Mod.43 reform of the Italian Army and was augmented with the XII Mortar Battalion and the XII Semovente Battalion which was equipped with 24 Semovente 75/18 self-propelled guns. In total the division fielded 14,500 troops, 24 Semovente and 80 artillery pieces. After the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces of 8 September 1943 the division found itself fighting Italy's former allies the Germans and along with the 21st Infantry Division Granatieri di Sardegna and 135th Armored Division Ariete II the Sassari defended Rome for two days. On 10 September 1943 the remnants of the Sassari joined the 21st Infantry Division Granatieri di Sardegna and the 8th Cavalry Regiment Lancieri di Montebello and hundreds of civilian volunteers at Porta San Paolo for a last stand. Civilians at Porta San Paolo included communist leader Luigi Longo, lawyer Giuliano Vassalli, writer Emilio Lussu, unionist leader Vincenzo Baldazzi, Mario Zagari, retired Air Force generals Sabato Martelli Castaldi and Roberto Lordi, and 18-year-old future partisan leader Marisa Musu. The future Italian president Sandro Pertini brought a detachment of Socialist resistance fighters to Porta San Paolo and around 12:30 the Catholic Communist movement arrived with further reinforcements including famed actor Carlo Ninchi. However by 17:00 the Germans broke the line of the Italian defenders, who had suffered 570 dead. Soon after the Italian military units surrendered to the Germans as the flight of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III from Rome had made further resistance senseless. However the Italian soldiers handed thousands of weapons over to the civilian population, which was quick to form an organized resistance movement in the city of Rome. In 1988 the Sassari Mechanized Brigade was formed, which continues the tradition of the Sassari Division. Commander General Giacomo Castagna Order of battle 151st Infantry Regiment Sassari I Infantry Battalion II Infantry Battalion III Infantry Battalion 152nd Infantry Regiment Sassari IV Infantry Battalion V Infantry Battalion VI Infantry Battalion 73rd CCNN Assault Legion Boiardo 73rd CCNN Battalion Boiardo 34th Artillery Regiment I Artillery Group II Artillery Group III Artillery Group XII Mortar Battalion XII Semoventi Battalion (with Semovente 75/18) 106th Motorized Machine Gun Battalion 5th Engineer Battalion CXII Mixed Engineer Battalion 12th Anti-tank Company (with 47/32 M35) 27th Searchlight Section C.R.O.W.C.A.S.S. The names of 8 men attached to the Sassari Division can be found in the CROWCASS List established by the Anglo-American Allies of the individuals wanted by Yugoslavia for war crimes: (Name) BARBA - (C.R. File Number) 250049 - (Rank, Occupation, Unit, Place and Date of Crime) Major, Sassari Div., Kistanje (Yugo.) 6.41 - (Reason wanted) Pillage - (Wanted by) Yugo. BARBERO Pietro - 250048 - Col., XVIII Corpo di Armata Sassari Div., Biograd Betina, Vodice (Yugo.) 42 - Murder - Yugo. BERARDI Pholo - 149616 - General, commander, Sassari-Div. (Yugo.) 1943 - Murder - Yugo. BORRUZO Pietro 190904 - Major, Italian Army, 3. Btty., 151. Regt. Fanteria, "Sassari" Div., Fara Slovenia (Yugo.), summer 41 - Murder - Yugo. GAZZINI (or GAZZINO) - 190971 - Col., Italian Army, Rgt. of Sassari Div. (F 559), Udbina Gracac (Yugo.) 1. and 2.43 - Murder - Yugo. GIANOPECO Francesco - 147278 - General, Italian Army "Sassari"Div. (Yugo.) 43 - Murder - Yugo. GLORIA - 147272 - General, Italian Army, "Lombardia" Rgt., "Sassari" Div. (Yugo.) 43 - Murder - Yugo. ZANOTTI - 191020 - Col., Ital. Army, O.C. Regt., Sassari Div., F. 562, Udbina, Gracac (Yugo.) 2. and 3.43 - Murder - Yugo. '' Notes Footnotes Citations Further reading Category:Infantry divisions of Italy in World War II Category:Military units and formations of Italy in Yugoslavia in World War II Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1943 Category:Military units and formations established in 1939urldirec.com is worth $157,680.00 1.95SEO Rating urldirec.com has alexa rank of #52,746 in the world, with roughly 18242 daily unique visitors. It is a domain having .com extension and is hosted in Canada. urldirec.com estimated worth is: $157,680.00 and have a daily income of around $219.00. Furthermore the website is generating income from Google Adsense. As no active threats were reported recently, urldirec.com is SAFE to browse.It’s an unprecedented number of participants for this type of study, says Ruth March, vice-president and head of personalized health care and biomarkers at AstraZeneca, which is headquartered in London. “That’s necessary because we’re going to be looking for very rare differences among individuals.” To achieve that ambitious goal, AstraZeneca will partner with research institutions including the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Hinxton, UK, and Human Longevity, a biotechnology company founded in San Diego, California, by genomics pioneer Craig Venter. AstraZeneca also expects to draw on data from 500,000 participants in its own clinical trials, and medical samples that it has accrued over the past 15 years. In doing so, AstraZeneca will be following a burgeoning trend in genetics research. For years, geneticists pursued common variations in human DNA sequences that are linked to complex diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. The approach yielded some important insights, but these common variations often accounted for only a small percentage of the genetic contribution to individual diseases. Researchers are now increasingly focusing on the contribution of unusual genetic variants to disease. Combinations of these variants can hold the key to an individual’s traits, says Venter. The hunt for important rare variants has led AstraZeneca to partner with the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, says Aarno Palotie, who heads the Human Genomics Program there. Finland’s population was geographically isolated until recently, he notes, which makes for a unique genetic make-up. As a result, some variations that are very rare in other populations may be more common in Finland, making them easier to detect and study. AstraZeneca did not disclose exactly how much it would be investing in the project — “hundreds of millions of dollars” over the course of ten years was all that Menelas Pangalos, executive vice-president of the company’s innovative medicines program, would say. The company intends to use the data to inform drug development in all of its major disease areas, from diabetes to inflammation to cancer, says March. The project should generate about 5 petabytes of data. “If you put 5 petabytes on DVDs, it would be four times the height of the Shard,” said Pangalos, referring to a nearly 310-meter London skyscraper. “If you wanted to put it on your iPod, it would take about 5,000 years to listen to it all.” Much of that data will come from Human Longevity. The company, which ultimately hopes to accrue 10 million human genomes, already has 26,000 completed and paired with medical records. Its databases also contain additional partial genome sequences. “We’re adding one about every 15 minutes on average,” Venter says. Using DNA sequence alone, Venter says that his company can now predict a person’s height, weight, eye color and hair
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187, 187, 3650, 512, 1980, 10544, 6338, 25437, 253, 10419, 15, 9658, 697, 14501, 403, 27373, 18308, 9271, 1615, 48297, 2320, 285, 5003, 7924, 18308, 5769, 17247, 9290, 80, 13, 665, 9059, 352, 651, 1361, 33623, 20783, 1255, 285, 253 ]	I like to depict whomever I please, regardless of age, race, and gender. With “Yuri!!!”, I was able to depict relationships and bonds without creative influence from others. This time, I wanted to create an impactful depiction of Men’s singles in figure skating in anime form! It wasn’t so much a matter of “I’m definitely going to draw men this time.” I had a love for figure skating that could not be suppressed, and since I did not have any orders from above, I planned the project with an attitude rather of “I’m definitely going to draw figure skating this time!” — The Japanese anime industry is often considered to be a place where women don’t really have the opportunity to flourish. Do you think that bias exists, even now? It was true that there were few women on production staff in the industry. When I was first looking for work, it was like that as well. And because there were few women on production staff, it was the men who moved up from those roles to become general producers and directors. But even in the past, I don’t think there was any huge split in the number of male and female animators. — Do you think this is changing? I think so. I’m currently working at MAPPA, and most of the people who come on to projects are women. — What do you think changed? Although I’m not really interested in defining people in rigid terms of two genders… I feel like girls are more likely to get the job these days. That’s really all there is to it. (laughs) There’s a lot of diligent women, and there’s a lot of men who drift around a little too much. Perhaps men have gotten used to an easygoing lifestyle — but that’s just life. I think it’s just because they can continue doing what they love at work their whole lives. Women on the other hand; they get married, have kids –these are critical junctures that place a limit on what they can do throughout their lives, and they realize that they don’t have time to rest on their laurels as much. As soon as you realize that, it’s difficult to live that easygoing lifestyle. Before I originally began looking for a job, I knew an assistant stylist who was in her 50’s. She once told me that “idiocy is only forgiven until age 26.” And “If you only do as well as a man, you’ll never be recognized.” She probably lived quite a tough life to have said that. She originally started working in the 70’s, and I felt a really persuasive tone from her. It really got me thinking about a lot of things. — She must have lived through a much crueler time, right? I agree. That’s why I ended up leaving Studio Madhouse when I was 26 years old. I believed that I had to become a producer on my own, and it was at this time I became involved in the aforementioned “Samurai Champloo.” — Not only women, but now more and more foreigners are getting involved in Japanese animation. Do you think the industry will accept such changes in the future? I think that it’s best that we embrace this. I don’t think there is any difference between Japanese and non, besides our nationality. If one has a vision of what they want to create, then as an industry, it’s best for us to work together. If you are motivated, then I urge anyone to get involved in the industry regardless of race. — Going back to your first directorial work, “Michiko and Hatchin,” what aspects of your workflow and planning have changed significantly leading up to your more recent works? The director creates while imagining what they want to make. The director can embody the image of the project while sharing what they can say “is the most interesting” with their staff… as I had imagined. It is completely different. — As you mentioned earlier, you were a young lady working to manage on your own in the animation industry, which meant your first work was a turning point. Yes, and even though I don’t like to place a whole lot of focus on my being a woman, of course being tasked with directing was a huge turning point. — Are there ever times that you look back on your previous works? I don’t do that at all, actually. (laughs) When you start to look back on previous works, doesn’t it all become a bit scary? I start to think “Aren’t I going to die soon?” thinking about the years passed since. I feel like when I’m working on something, I’ve already checked it to death in the process. I always work to the absolute best of my ability on everything, so I really don’t need to look back on it anymore. (laughs) This became especially apparent when I became a director and began creating plots myself. When those plots became screenplays, I checked them. Even when someone else created the storyboards, I was always checking them. I’ve seen it all so much (laughs). So I always give priority to making new things. And now, even though I am working on the theatrical version of “Yuri!!!”, my head is pretty occupied with the current figure skating season too. The Olympics only come once every 4 years!!!Monthly Archives: September 2009 The big boys of media are starting to weigh in on the Gastrokid Cookbook. Today it's the turn of the Chicago Tribune who like the book a lot even if they think we're a little obsessed with Pimenton de la … Continue reading → I'm killing time here in San Francisco airport and so decided to potter around the SFMoma store. Needless to say they've got some great kid's food stuff and so I thought I'd share what I saw: First up are these … Continue reading → Patsy over at the blog familyfriendsandfood put the parmesan chicken cutlet recipe from our cookbook through its paces and it scored quite well. She took a cookbook worthy photo too. For her review, the recipe, and her photo, check it … Continue reading → Foodie blogger and journalist Amy Scattergood was kind enough to check in with Gkid on the genesis of the book. Read it here. Amy’s got a cool blog, too. And if you’re so inclined to buy the book and live … Continue reading →SACRAMENTO — A closely watched proposal that would allow apartment buildings to be built near public transportation hubs and job centers throughout California — regardless of local zoning rules — cleared its first hurdle late Tuesday afternoon. Senate Bill 50 marks the second attempt by state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, to boost the state’s scarce housing supply by loosening strict zoning rules and relaxing off-street parking requirements near bus stops and train stations. The proposal also applies to “jobs-rich” areas, including broad swaths of the Bay Area, even if they don’t have an extensive public transportation network. It received a 9-1 vote from Senate Housing Committee, which Wiener heads. The bill is the latest example of a tug-of-war between a handful of Sacramento lawmakers and local governments over housing development and parking requirements. As the state grapples with a chronic housing shortage and affordability crisis, Wiener and others have argued the state must step in to allow more housing to be built near jobs and public transportation — “legalizing apartment buildings,” as the senator likes to call it. “This housing shortage, which is self inflicted in many ways, has real-life consequences for people,” Wiener said Tuesday. “It pushes people into poverty and homelessness. It spikes evictions and displacement. It is a problem and we have to address it.” But many homeowner associations and local governments are crying foul, countering that these efforts undermine long-held local authority over planning and land use and give developers too much power. The hearing room was packed with people on both sides of the issue, and those in between, who voiced concerns about specific provisions but didn’t take a side. The vast majority of local governments are operating under housing-development plans that have been approved by the state, and this bill would undermine the work they are doing to address the housing crisis, said Jason Rhine, of the League of California Cities. “It’s almost as if we’re setting our cities up to fail,” he said. California’s love affair with single-family housing was documented in a recent survey by the Terner Center for Housing Innovation at UC Berkeley. It found that less than 25 percent of land within local jurisdictions is zoned for multifamily housing, despite the ongoing housing shortage. Environmental groups argue such zoning restrictions are forcing more people to live further from their jobs, leading to lengthy commutes and more climate-warming greenhouse gas emissions, and that more homes must be built within an easy walk of trains, buses and ferries. The three groups championing SB 50 are the California Association of Realtors; the Non-Profit Housing Association of Northern California, which builds low-income housing; and California YIMBY (Yes In My Backyard), a group promoting greater housing density. The coalition backing the bill also includes business interests, developers, environmental groups, college students, retirees and labor unions. Not all local elected officials oppose the proposal. Among its supporters are Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf and San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who argue it would help alleviate homelessness and the
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92, 81, 1990, 70, 94, 90, 578, 18, 889, 918, 10, 50276, 61, 918, 10, 187, 7, 50276, 2029, 4635, 61, 1274, 9, 50276, 317, 61, 1274, 9, 50276, 61, 6796, 92, 89, 2026, 18, 889, 918, 10, 50276, 61, 918, 10, 50276, 61, 1156, 92, 323, 667, 187, 94, 90, 578, 18, 889, 249, 416, 578, 44, 889, 1156, 92, 13, 604, 748, 70, 14, 636, 61, 1274, 9, 50276, 61, 6796 ]	f\left( x\right) \in K\left[ x_{1},x_{2}\right] $ and $\Gamma$ is the Newton polyhedra at origin, there are no poles belonging to $\cup _{a\in\mathcal{E}(\mathcal{F}_{+})}\mathcal{P}(a)\cup$ $\cup_{a\in \mathcal{E}^{\prime}(\mathcal{F}_{+})}\mathcal{P}(a)$, see [@D3], [@D-H], [@V-Z], [@Z1], [@Z2]. This fact is not true if $f\left( x\right) \in K\left[ x_{1},x_{2},x_{1}^{-1},x_{2}^{-1}\right] $ and $\Gamma=\Gamma_{\infty}$, see Example \[Example2\]. Local Zeta Functions Supported on the Second,Third and Fourth Quadrants ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \[Th2A\]Let $f$ be a non-constant Laurent polynomial (not necessarily non degenerate with respect to $\Gamma_{\infty}$). \(i) There exist constants $\beta_{f}^{\left( j\right) }<0$, $\alpha_{f}^{\left( j\right) }>0$, such that $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( j\right) }\left( \omega,f\right) $ converges for $\omega\in$ $\Omega_{\left( \beta_{f}^{\left( j\right) },\alpha_{f}^{\left( j\right) }\right) }\left( K^{\times}\right) $, for $j=2,3,4$. \(ii) $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( j\right) }\left( \omega,f\right) $ have a meromorphic continuation to $\Omega\left( K^{\times}\right) $ as a rational function of $\omega\left( q\right) $, for $j=2,3,4$. \(iii) Assume that$$f\left( x_{1},x_{2},x_{1}^{-1},x_{2}^{-1}\right) =\frac{\widehat{f}\left( x_{1},x_{2}\right) }{x_{1}^{d_{1}}x_{2}^{d_{2}}}=% %TCIMACRO{\dsum \limits_{i=1}^{k}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{k}} %EndExpansion \frac{c_{i}x_{1}^{n_{i}}+c_{i}^{\prime}x_{1}^{-m_{i}}}{x_{2}^{b_{i}}}% +f_{0}\left( x_{1},x_{2},x_{1}^{-1}\right) , \label{forma1}%$$ with $b_{i},n_{i},m_{i}\in\mathbb{N}$ and $b_{k}>b_{j}$, $k\neq j$. Pick an embedded resolution of singularities of the divisor $\widehat{f}^{-1}\left\{ \left( 0,0\right) \right\} $ with numerical data $\left( v_{i}% ,N_{i}\right) $, $i\in T$. Then the poles of $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( 2\right) }\left( s,\chi,f\right) $ belong to the set $$% %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup \limits_{i\in T}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup\limits_{i\in T}} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{-v_{i}}{N_{i}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup }% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{1}{b_{k}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} , \label{poles}%$$ where the second term in (\[poles\]) does not appear if $b_{k}=0$. \(iv) Assume that$$f\left( x_{1},x_{2},x_{1}^{-1},x_{2}^{-1}\right) =\frac{\widehat{f}\left( x_{1},x_{2}\right) }{x_{1}^{d_{1}}x_{2}^{d_{2}}}=% %TCIMACRO{\dsum \limits_{i=1}^{l}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{l}} %EndExpansion \frac{c_{i}x_{2}^{m_{i}}+c_{i}^{\prime}x_{2}^{-n_{i}}}{x_{1}^{e_{i}}}% +f_{0}\left( x_{1},x_{2},x_{2}^{-1}\right) ,$$ with $e_{i},m_{i},n_{i}\in\mathbb{N}$ and $e_{l}>e_{j}$, $l\neq j$. Then the poles of $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( 4\right) }\left( s,\chi,f\right) $ belong to the set $$% %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup \limits_{i\in T}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup\limits_{i\in T}} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{-v_{i}}{N_{i}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup }% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{1}{e_{l}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} , \label{poles1}%$$ where the second term in (\[poles1\]) does not appear if $e_{l}=0$. \(v) The poles of $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( 3\right) }\left( s,\chi ,f\right) $ belong to the set $$% %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup \limits_{i\in T}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup\limits_{i\in T}} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{-v_{i}}{N_{i}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} . \label{poles2}%$$ We first prove (i), (ii) and (iii) in the case $j=2$. Without loss of generality we may assume that $\Phi\left( x_{1},x_{2}\right) $ is the characteristic function of a ball$$B:=\left\{ \widetilde{x}_{1}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}R_{K}\right\} \times\left\{ \widetilde{x}_{2}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}R_{K}\right\} \subset Q_{2}%$$ with $e\in\mathbb{N}\smallsetminus\left\{ 0\right\} $, $ord\left( \widetilde{x}_{1}\right) <0$ and $ord\left( \widetilde{x}_{2}\right) \geq 0$. Two subcases occur: $\widetilde{x}_{2}\neq0$, $\widetilde{x}_{2}=0$. In the subcase $\widetilde{x}_{2}\neq0$, we may assume that $0\leq ord\left( \widetilde{x}_{2}\right) \leq e-1$. Since$$\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{1}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}y_{1}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{1}% }\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{2}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}y_{2}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{2}% }=\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{1}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{1}}\left\vert \widetilde {x}_{2}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{2}}\text{ for }y_{1},y_{2}\in R_{K},$$ we have$$\left\vert f\right\vert _{K}^{s}\mid_{B}=\frac{\left\vert \widehat {f}\right\vert _{K}^{s}\mid_{B}}{\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{1}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{1}s}\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{2}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{2}s}}\text{.}%$$ On the other hand, $$\begin{aligned} \chi\left( ac\left( \widetilde{x}_{1}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}y_{1}\right) \right) & =\chi\left( ac\left( \widetilde{x}_{1}\right) \right) \text{ for any }y_{1}\in R_{K}\text{, if }e-ord\left( \widetilde
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4619, 13, 840, 697, 20185, 8770, 310, 2074, 281, 326, 275, 253, 4619, 1083, 15, 844, 9186, 1016, 1083, 11794 ]	patient with GBM who experiences a short survival time time of 0.723 months and the corresponding dendrogram (below). []{data-label="tumours"}](figs/GBM42 "fig:") ![Left: Brain MR image of patient with GBM who experiences a long survival time of 57.8 months and the corresponding dendrogram (below). Right: Brain MR image of a patient with GBM who experiences a short survival time time of 0.723 months and the corresponding dendrogram (below). []{data-label="tumours"}](figs/GBM15 "fig:") ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Results ------- [@CM] noted that the single linkage function is the most stable choice for hierarchical clustering in the sense that the distance is small between the original tree and the tree obtained after a small perturbation of the input data; this distance is based on the Gromov–Hausdorff distance between ultrametric spaces that represent the dendrograms. We therefore used the single linkage function to measure the distance between clusters in the algorithm. Dendrograms obtained from agglomerative hierarchical clustering are sensitive to the choice of the linkage function, or the distance used between clusters. However, the large sizes of the images considered in our setting led to trees that did not appear significantly different for different choices of the linkage functions; this was corroborated by the results of the $F$ and Permutation tests, which were unchanged in relation to different choices of linkage functions. In order to use the test prescribed in Theorem \[gof2\], we estimate the variance $\sigma^2$ with $\hat{\sigma_d}^2$. The small sample sizes—31 and 42 patients in groups who experienced short and long surviving times, respectively—do not guarantee a consistent estimate of $\sigma^2$; however, this does not appear to affect the efficacy of the tests. $\%$ of leaves chosen Null dist. F-statistic Decision at 1% level ----------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------- ---------------------- 10 $F_{\scriptscriptstyle{11638,11734}}$ 0.780 Reject 20 $F_{\scriptscriptstyle 23310,23515}$ 0.775 Reject 30 $F_{\scriptscriptstyle34793,35286}$ 0.774 Reject 40 $F_{\scriptscriptstyle46648,47070}$ 0.772 Reject : At different values for the percentage of leaves chosen to construct the $L$-trees of the dendrograms from the images, the table reports the results of $F$ test from Theorem \[gof2\] to test the null hypothesis of equality of distribution of the short and long survival time groups.[]{data-label="test-results"} Using the total path length, scaled by the estimate of the variance, of an $L$-tree constructed by choosing various percentages of leaves at random as the test statistic, the $F$ test from Theorem \[gof2\] rejected the null hypothesis of equality of distribution, at 1% significance level, between the long and short survival time groups, and failed to reject $H_0$ when the labels were randomly permuted. Details are reported in Table \[test-results\]. The Permutation test provided identical results for the same test statistic at 2000, 5000 and 10000 permutations. Importantly, the conclusions of the tests were unaltered when the linkage function was changed. Scientifically, this points to the existence of significant tumour heterogeneity among patients with different durations of survival. Discussion ========== The circumscription of the article’s attention to goodness-of-fit tests is to be viewed within the context of our efforts to initiate further research in this direction; this article is appropriately viewed as a first investigative step in the process of developing inferential tools for tree-structured data using the CRT. Aldous’ papers on the CRT and variants (see, in addition, [@aldous4; @aldous5]) provide useful distributional results and connections to common stochastic processes, which in principle can be harnessed in developing further asymptotic statistical tools. One immediate extension to this work is to approximate distributions of local tree-functionals by the corresponding Brownian excursion functionals. For example, the Wiener index of a tree, popular in phylogenetics and chemistry, is exactly $\frac{2}{n}A_n$ where $A_n$ is the area under the curve of the Dyck path of a tree with $n$ vertices. The distribution of $A_n$ can be approximated by the distribution of the Brownian excursion area, which is well-know (albeit difficult to compute); see [@janson] and references therein for details. Other tree functionals for which the limiting distributions are approximated by known Brownian excursion functionals include the height of a tree, which is the number of generations before extinction, and the maximal distance between a pair of vertices, among others. Preliminary investigations based on simulations appear promising. The ‘weak convergence paradigm’ set forth by Aldous wherein the properties (global and local) of random combinatorial objects likes trees, triangulations, and planar maps are studied through continuous approximations, offers a fertile ground for the development of statistical methodologies on such objects; see [@aldous6]. This is an investigative route well worth pursuing in view of the availability of large combinatorial datasets. The absence of information on the rates of convergence of conditioned Galton–Watson trees to the CRT prevents us from obtaining a clear idea as to the size of the trees that assure the validity of our results. Our simulation experiments were conducted at varying tree sizes, and the results that validate the theory were obtained with conditioned Galton–Watson trees that contain at least 1000 vertices; the tabulated results are hence provided for trees with 1000 vertices with branch length uniformly distributed between 0 and 2. This was partly also dictated by the data application wherein the branch lengths of the dendrograms obtained from hierarchical clustering corresponded to distances between clusters, which were typically between 0 and 2. When the sample size is large, the test statistic based on $L$-trees can conceivably be approximated by a Normal distribution, since it a sequence of partial sums of independent random variables. But the use of the CRT provides instead leads us to our current choice. For binary trees obtained from hierarchical clustering, which are ultrametric, we use the connection between exchangeable random hierarchies and the CRT in [@CH] to develop goodness-of-fit tests. Informally stated, if the leaves of an ultrametric binary tree, $\tau (n)$ with $n$ leaves, arising from a hierarchical clustering method are exchangeable in the sense that the distribution of the leaves is invariant to permutation or action of the symmetric group, then the $L$-trees $L(\tau(n),k)$ constructed by choosing $k$ leaves converge in distribution, as $n \to \infty$, to the family $\mathcal{L}(k)$ of subtrees that characterise the CRT given in Lemma \[marginal\]. A formal statement of the result, under some restrictions on the branch lengths can be found in Theorem 16, p. 72 of [@CH]. As a technical note, the Theorem requires choosing the first $k$ leaves based on a labelling scheme; we choose $k$ leaves at random and suppose that they represent the first $k$ leaves in the labelling scheme. The data application considered in this article represents, to our knowledge, the first attempt at characterising tumour heterogeneity from images that use tree representations. However, there is a lot more to be investigated in the problem of classifying tumours based on heterogeneity: the incorporation of the spatial information of the pixels, using covariate information for each patient, and developing methods for images obtained from a longitudinal study of the patients, are all important tasks. Much remains to be done in this direction. Appendix ======== Proof of Proposition \[gamma\]. From the construction described it is easy to see that the distribution of the total path of $\tau(k)$ coincides with the distribution of the time of the $k$th event, say $S_k$. The density of $S_k$ for a non-homogeneous Poisson process is $$f_{S_k}(t) = e^{-m(t)}m(t)^{k-1}\lambda(t)\frac{1}{(k-1)!} \quad t \geq 0,$$ where $m(t)$ is the intensity function. Noting that when $\lambda(t)=t$, $m(t)=t^2/2$, we obtain $$f_{S_k}(t) = e^{-t^2/2}\left(\frac{t^2}{2}\right)^{k-1}\frac{t}{(k-1)!} \quad .$$ Making a change of variable $y=t^2$, we see that $f_{S_k}(y)$ coincides with a Gamma density with shape $k$ and scale $2$.\ Proof of Proposition \[binaryp\]. [@DPK] proved that under certain conditions, the study of non-critical Galton–Watson processes reduces to the study of critical ones. Specifically, if $\lambda>0$ is a parameter such that $N_\lambda=\sum_{i\geq0}\pi_i\lambda^i <\infty$, we set $\pi_i^\lambda=\pi_i\lambda^i/N_\lambda$. Then a conditioned Galton–Watson tree with offspring distribution $\pi$ has the same distribution as a conditioned Galton–Watson tree with offspring distribution $\pi^\lambda$. As a consequence, if we can find a value of $\lambda$ such that the conditioned Galton–Watson tree under $\pi^\lambda$ becomes critical, then its asymptotic behaviour is similar to that in the critical case. We examine each case separately
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15639, 342, 944, 5242, 570, 323, 4865, 342, 253, 329, 95, 805, 95, 18379, 8223, 275, 253, 15255, 3882, 10304, 13, 9712, 273, 45638, 285, 399, 25647, 43621, 5085, 1537, 15042, 45638, 11348, 15, 1916, 1071, 436, 9079, 13, 253, 1246, 1263, 6949, 253, 1055 ]	the tumor suppressor protein p53 in response to a wide variety of cellular stress signals is required for its activation as a transcription factor that regulates cell cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis. Here, we report that the conserved bromo-domain of the transcriptional coactivator CBP (CREB binding protein) binds specifically to p53 at the C-terminal acetylated lysine 382. This bromodomain/acetyl-lysine binding is responsible for p53 acetylation-dependent coactivator recruitment after DNA damage, a step essential for p53-induced transcriptional activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in G1 cell cycle arrest. We further present the three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the CBP bromodomain in complex with a lysine 382-acetylated p53 peptide. Using structural and biochemical analyses, we define the molecular determinants for the specificity of this molecular recognition.Ivan I – #5 Best Russian Ruler Ivan I Daniilovich Kalita, aka, Ivan Moneybags is my selection as the 5th best Russian ruler of all time. His leadership initially as the Grand Prince of Moscow then Vladimir, was critical in the growth of Moscow during the time of the Golden Horde. Ivan I also was known as the “gatherer of Russian lands” as he greatly increased the area of control and the wealth for future Grand Princes of Moscow. Born in 1288 to Grand Prince Daniel of Moscow making him the grandson of Alexander Nevsky, Ivan I was a very shrewd man who would bring great wealth to his people. His rule was a time when the Golden Horde had reached its zenith. Its control over Russia was complete. Anyone wishing to be a Grand Prince had to go to the Horde’s capital in Sarai to ask permission. Many were killed there due to court intrigues. Ivan knew how to manipulate the system though and survived and thrived under the Horde’s rule. As Grand Prince, Ivan was given the job of collecting taxes or tribute for the Horde. He was masterful at it and this brought him great favor with the khan at the time, Muhammad Ozbeg. Many have speculated on why Moscow rose so quickly under his rule such as its central location, but I feel his wise rule set the stage. Many of the other princes of Russia despised him but they could do little. If they tried to attack Moscow, they would face the wrath of the Horde. Over the years, Ivan loaned many of his fellow princes money which they eventually proved unable to repay. In those cases, the Grand Prince of Moscow would take their land and incorporate it into his realm. Another trick he used was to invite as many people to come to Moscow as he could. Because the Mongols continued to raid the Russian steppes, many came to get away from them. Due to his good relations he had with the khan in Sarai, he was able to set up his son as not only his successor in Moscow but in Vladimir as well. This continued over the years which brought much stability to Russia until the Time of Troubles in the early 1600’s. About Mark Schauss Hi, I'm Mark Schauss and I an internationally known lecturer on environmental and nutritional health issues having spoken in North America, Asia, South America, Europe and soon in Australia. I also have a deep interest in history, especially Russian history because of my heritage through my mother's side of the family. Another large influence on my love of Russian History is my college professor the late Dr. Paul Avrich. His classes were always full and his passion for history was amazing. I wish he could have found out about my podcast before he passed away.Economist Student Guide Created by Addison-Wesley When you adopt Pearson textbooks Value Packed with the appropriate access code, your students can take advantage of these online services for a full 12 weeks.� Plus, you can enjoy the same privileges for six months!Tournament after 6 hours..! I am almost prepared for the tournament which i am about to participate after 6 hours from now (i.e. GMT: 20:00)So any last peice of guidance my dear friends. I will be really helpful by this. Please Add any tips that can make me feel better and play well.Thank you. Help us finish translating: We are working hard to make Chess.com available in over 70 languages. Check back over the year as we develop the technology to add more, and we will try our best to notify you when your language is ready for translating!Q: Express js throws Rethrow non-MySQL errors Hi I'm learning express & passport, i tried to do a signup form, when i tried to insert a row using MySQL, i'm getting this error but my table is updating properly. passport.use( 'local-signup', new LocalStrategy({ usernameField : 'email', passwordField : 'password', passReqToCallback : true // allows us to pass back the entire request to the callback }, function(req, email, password, first_name, done) { var displayName = req.body.first_name; // find a user whose email is the same as the forms email // we are checking to see if the user trying to login already exists dbConnection.query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = ?",[email], function(err, rows) { if (err) { return done(err); } if (rows.length) { return done(null, false, { error: 'That email is already being used.' }); } else { // if there is no user with that email // create the user var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(10); var passwordHash = bcrypt.hashSync(password, salt); var userInfo = { email: email, first_name: displayName }; var insertQuery = "INSERT INTO users ( email, password, first_name) values ('"+email+"','"+passwordHash+"','"+displayName+"')"; console.log(insertQuery); dbConnection.query(insertQuery,function(err, rows) { userInfo.id = rows.insertId; console.log(rows); return done(null, userInfo); }); } }); }) ); Error of the code in console A: Remove the first_name parameter in the function which is not necessary. function(req, email, password, first_name, done) 'instead' function(req, email, password, done) 1. Introduction {#sec1-toxins-09-00024} =============== Molecular beacons (MBs) have been widely used as an analytical platform for detecting small biological molecules \[[@B1-toxins-09-00024],[@B2-toxins-09-00024]\]. The fundamental structure of MB is a short oligonucleotide chain with a single-stranded loop and a hybridized stem structure. By attaching a fluorophore and a quencher to the ends of the beacon strand, the fluorescence is strongly quenched due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the fluorophore to the quencher, owing to their close proximity following stem formation. Therefore, the on-off fluorescence system could rapidly detect molecules interacting with MB \[[@B1-toxins-09-00024],[@B2-toxins-09-00024]\]. Snake venom contains a number of pharmacologically active proteins. Although enzyme-linked immunoassay has long been employed for detection of snake venom proteins, it could not rapidly detect the proteins due to time-consuming procedures \[[@B3-toxins-09-00024]\]. If snake venom proteins could induce 'turn-on' or 'turn-off' fluorescence signal transduction of MBs, the beacons might be employed for rapid detection of snake venom proteins. Previous studies showed that Naja atra cardiotoxin 2 (CTX2) could bind with ATP and dATP \[[@B4-toxins-09-00024]\], suggesting the possibility that CTXs may interact with adenosine (A)-rich oligonucleotide chain. Additionally, it has been proven that coralyne could intercalate strongly to poly(A) or poly(dA) and drive the formation A~2~-coralyne-A~2~ coordination \[[@B5-toxins-09-00024]\]. Consistent with this finding, Kuo and Tseng \[[@B6-toxins-09-00024]\] reported that coralyne promotes the conformational change from an extended structure to a hairpin structure in a DNA probe with the nucleotide sequence A~12~-CATCATAGTCGAGTGTCCAGGG-A~12~. The binding of coralyne with the DNA probe functionalized with a reporter of carboxyfluorescein (FAM) at the 5′-end and a quencher of 4-(\[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl\]azo)-benzoic acid (DABCYL) at the 3′-end of A~12~-MB-A~12~ leads to quenching of FAM fluorescence because the stem hydride brings FAM and DABCYL to a close proximity \[[@B6-toxins-09-00024]\]. If CTXs could compete with coralyne for binding with the A~12~ nucleotide segment in the MB DNA probe, separation of FAM and DABCYL units might restore FAM fluorescence. To test this hypothesis, the present study investigated the effect
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During their first America's Got Talent auditions, Alizma was an adorable bunch; talkative and sometimes their high-pitched voices and bickering got a little annoying, but you forgive them because they were blonde and pretty and adorable and came in three. In fact, the second they stepped into the stage, the Polish triplets got generous hoots from David Hasselhoff and the audience. When they started answering the judges' questions, they became even more endearing. And guess what: they're actually talented. What happened on quarterfinals night, I'm not so sure. Piers warned nicely enough: "They've got the looks, they've got the violin talent. Just one big problem: they can't sing. They sing tonight, this can be a train wreck." On that stage, however, things were different. From immaculately dressed blonde triplets who played gorgeous violin, Alizma transformed to an act with boots with animal prints doing gyrations on stage that nearly gave Sharon Osbourne a coronary. They also - very unwisely - ditched their violins for the good first two minutes of their performance. "We love being sexy. That's just one of our colors. We love sexy!" one of them said to answer Sharon. "Strippers on acid," the Hoff summed up right after. But wait, didn't he advise the girls to keep singing?8.75in 6.2in -0.45in -0.8in =cmr10 scaled0 v\#1\#2[V\_[\#1\#2]{}]{} \#1\#2[V\^\\_[\#1\#2]{}]{} [Annihilation, Rescattering, and CP Asymmetries in $B$ Meson Decays]{} [^1] Boris Blok and Michael Gronau* Department of Physics Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel and Jonathan L. Rosner Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ABSTRACT > A number of $B$ meson decays may proceed only through participation of the spectator quark, whether through amplitudes proportional to $f_B/m_B$ or via rescattering from other less-suppressed amplitudes. An expected hierarchy of amplitudes in the absence of rescattering will be violated by rescattering corrections. Such violations could point the way toward channels in which final-state interactions could be important. Cases in which final state phases can lead to large CP asymmetries are pointed out. The decays of $B$ mesons have the potential for exhibiting CP violation under a variety of conditions [@BCP]. Decays to CP eigenstates like $J/\psi K_S$ and $\pi^+ \pi^-$ are expected to display an appreciable time-dependent rate asymmetry between $B^0$ and $\bar B^0$, whose interpretation in terms of pure CKM phases relies on the assumption of the dominance of a single weak phase [@PEN]. Decays to non-CP eigenstates also can exhibit rate asymmetries in the presence of at least two contributing amplitudes whose weak and strong phases both differ from one another. However, the strong phases cannot be evaluated reliably [a priori]{}. Instead, one must rely on constructions based on amplitude triangles or quadrangles [@triquad], in which one can separate out weak from strong phases by comparing rates for processes with those for their charge-conjugates. In the present note we propose a test for large final-state interactions which, while it does not yield precisely quantitative information on final-state phases, can indicate in which channels such phases are likely to be large. These channels are then prospects for searches for CP violation in rate asymmetries. We will only discuss direct CP asymmetries between instantaneous decays of $B$ mesons of opposite flavors, disregarding (in the case of neutral $B$ mesons) time-dependent $B-\bar B$ mixing effects. Such asymmetries, which require flavor-tagging, are obtained by time-integrated measurements and can be carried out also in a symmetric $e^+e^-$ collider operating at the $\Upsilon(4S)$. We consider processes $B \to P P$, where $P$ is a pseudoscalar meson. Similar results hold when one or both pseudoscalars are replaced by vector mesons $V$. There are many processes in which the spectator quark necessarily plays a role in the decay, whether through exchange ($E$) or annihilation ($A$) with the $b$ quark or via rescattering. In the case of exchange or annihilation, the decay amplitude is expected to contain a power of $f_B/m_B$, where $f_B \simeq 200$ MeV is the $B$ meson decay constant. Such an amplitude is expected to be suppressed by a factor of roughly $\lambda^2$ [@hier], where $\lambda=0.22$ is a parameter introduced by Wolfenstein [@WP] to classify the hierarchy of elements in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. Processes in which the $b$ quark decay contributes to final states without the intervention of the spectator quark are expected to dominate $B \to P P$ decays. These processes consist of tree amplitudes which are color-favored ($T$) or color-suppressed ($C$) and penguin ($P$) amplitudes. (The notation is that of [@hier].) In many cases such amplitudes can contribute through rescattering to the processes involving the participation of the spectator quark [@D]. Our purpose is to enumerate and classify these situations. In Table I we list all the $B \to P P$ processes for which $T$, $C$, or $P$ amplitudes cannot contribute except via rescattering. Also shown are the powers of $\lambda$ in the amplitudes (which are the same whether the amplitudes arise from exchange or annihilation or via rescattering from $T$ or $C$). Any process of order $\lambda^n$ should effectively appear of order $\lambda^n (f_B/m_B) \simeq {\cal O}(\lambda^{n+2})$ if rescattering is not important, whereas rescattering could in principle enhance this amplitude beyond this level to a maximum of ${\cal O} (\lambda^n)$. The most promising decays have amplitudes of order $f_B \lambda^2/m_B$. It would be interesting to search for the modes in Table I to see if they show evidence for the expected suppression due to the factor $f_B/m_B$. If they are enhanced, there is some chance that the rescattering amplitude can generate a final-state phase large enough to give rise to an observable CP-violating rate asymmetry in the decay. In the following discussion we will describe a possible mechanism for such enhancement. Recently some progress was made in understanding the role of final state interactions in $B$ decays [@DESH; @ZH; @DGPS; @BH; @NP]. In Ref. [@DGPS] it was argued that, contrary to simple intuition [@BJ], soft final state interactions do not disappear in the large $m_B$ limit and may be significant in hadronic $B$ decays. In Ref. [@BH] sizable rescattering effects via inelastic charge-exchange, \^+ D\^-\^0 \|D\^0 , were calculated in $B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0$. Let us summarize the results of this analysis, which will then be applied to our case. The processes $B^0 \to \pi^+ D^-$ and $B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0$ are conventionally given by “color-allowed" and “color-suppressed" amplitudes, $\bt \propto a_1$ and $\bc \propto a_2$, respectively, which are determined experimentally, $a_2/a_1 \approx 0.2$ [@CLEO]. When calculated in the naïve factorization approximation [@BSW], neglecting rescattering effects, both amplitudes are real. The new contribution to $B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0 $ decay, via the rescattering process (1), was calculated in terms of $\rho$ trajectory Regge exchange. Denoting the direct decay amplitude $A(B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0) $ by $M^{dir}_{\pi D}$ and the decay amplitude to the same final state via charge-exchange, $A(B^0 \to \pi^+ D^-\to \pi^0 \bar D^0)$, by $M^r_{\pi D}$, it was found that [@BH] \[DPI\] [M\^[r]{}\_[D]{} M\^[dir]{}\_[D]{}]{} 0.18 + 0.58i . That is, the additional contribution from rescattering into the $\pi^0 \bar D^0$ final state is as important as the direct amplitude and is dominantly imaginary. Thus, the total amplitude of $B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0$, given by $M^{r}_{\pi D} + M^{dir}_{\pi D}$, is predicted to carry a large final state phase. A similar situation exists in $B^0 \to \pi^0\pi^0$ due to rescattering effects from $B^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^-\to \pi^0 \pi^0$. We wish to stress that the calculation leading to Eq. (2) involves quite
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5224, 673, 13554, 275, 2739, 37415, 8996, 285, 5319, 15, 3824, 941, 921, 326, 275, 253, 884, 14, 2913, 2180, 432, 7544 ]	plays, on which he can’t shorten anything. Then as soon as that back-leg hits the turf on his final step, he would start shifting his weight and initiate the forward movement. The 49ers ran a bunch of I-formation and shotgun in his first couple of starts, out of which he never really worked a traditional dropback. It was a lot of bootlegs off those zone- and off-tackle runs, plus spreading the field out of shotgun alignments and working the entire width. Don’t get me wrong, I don’t want him to solely operate from under center. It would be silly to ask him to do that and to be honest. The way he functions out of spread-formations and attacks the entirety of the field, is one of his best attributes. Much like Tom Brady, Garoppolo loves to force the defense to cover a lot of ground and use motions to reveal some of their coverage keys. However, I strongly believe in making a quarterback work his way from the bottom up. Not only should his coaches be working with him on that in practice, Jimmy G should also be used that way in team drills and games, to get him into rhythm and avoid sloppy footwork. As the season progressed, he was asked to drop back from under center more and more, as well as using quick set-ups from the shotgun, which clearly put him into a nice rhythm and made him look much more dynamic. That tendency to pre-occupy some throws and lock in on them, makes him lose some peripheral vision if he believes strongly in a play. Therefore, he completes some passes that look good on TV and on the stat sheet, but when you watch the All-22, you can see that there would have been easier and at times bigger plays to be made. Just takes this snap against the Texans. Jimmy G lines up in an empty-formation with a double-tight set to the right. Garrett Celek and Kyle Juszczyk are running vertical routes on different levels of the field, while Matt Breida is split out wide and runs a quick slant. On the opposite side, Marquise Goodwin runs a flanker fade and Louis Murphy the shallow post from the inside. The 49ers QB and his slot-receiver identify the quarters-coverage correctly and hook up for close to a 20 yard gain. If you can pick up that kind of yardage, there’s not much to criticize from the coaching staff, but if you go one step further and realize that the Mike linebacker is dropping towards the trips-side and completely opens up his hips, you can see Breida get wide open over the middle, on what would probably lead to an easy touchdown. That area between the safety and linebackers is where you want to attack cover-four and if you look at it from that standpoint, he made the right play. However, if you know where you want to go with the ball anyway, you should check the underneath coverage, because in this case the only one who could make a play here is McKinney, if he sank deep. Once you see him drift that far to the right, there is nobody to defend the area from that hash until the sideline for 30 yards. Garoppolo could have even pulled the ball down still and lofted it anywhere out front to his RB. Six plays later, San Francisco ultimately had to settle for a field-goal. You can call me a nitpicker here, but this wouldn’t be a full analysis on the player, if I didn’t look at every single snap. However, there is a whole lot to get excited about when watching this guy on film. Jimmy is very methodical and takes what the defense gives him. While he has the arm to connect on shot-plays and keep the defense honest, it’s his work underneath with quick throws to the open areas, that make him a nightmare for defenses. When his eyes are on one key defender and that player commits too heavily for just a split second, Garoppolo will make him pay. Take this touchdown versus Jacksonville. Myles Jack is showing blitz to the right A-gap, but it is kind of a Tampa-2 coverage, which means he has to drop back quickly to take away anything coming into the void the safeties leave in the middle. His hips are turned to the trips-side and he would need to flick them completely around the make a play on the other side. Meanwhile, Telvin Smith is playing a hook-to-curl zone and is slighty drifting to the opposite side for two steps. With Jimmy’s ultra-quick release that is all he needs to fire the curl to his tight-end George Kittle in-between the two linebackers and he falls into the end-zone. Moreover, he knows where everybody on the field will be eventually. Therefore, he doesn’t need to watch his receiver run their whole route and give away with his eyes, where he wants to go, the entire way. On this snap versus Tennessee, the Titans are in cover-three with a single-high safety look. I guess Jimmy G anticipated cover-one off the snap and looks at Marquise Goodwin as the single-receiver to the right, running a fade. Because of that, he didn’t have the opportunity to hit Louis Murphy running free in the seams from the slot. He then comes all the way back to his left to see if the underneath coverage was cleared and he had Logan Paulsen on the quick in-route. Since he sees the flat-defender cheat to the inside, he knows Carlos Hyde is open out there and takes the safe throw, which leads to a broken tackle and a six-yard gain. It doesn’t look like much, but he didn’t try to force anything and made the right decision for the situation. I have a bunch of other clips of him, quickly diagnosing the coverage the opposing defense is in and just shredding it for what looks like such an easy completion. Whether that is drawing the middle-safety in cover-three with a seam route and then hitting a deep-in in front of him or splitting the safeties in cover-two with a quick read to his tight-end over the middle just as he gets a step on the linebackers in underneath coverage. You can tell he has been spending a little of time in the film room up in New England and with the clever play-designing of Kyle Shanahan, those two will pick some defenses apart over the coming years. Conclusion To sum this all up a little. Jimmy Garoppolo was phenomenal in his first five starts with the 49ers. While his footwork was sloppy at times and I believe there are some nuances, that should be cleaned up in his mechanics, his natural abilities and the way he plays the game from the shoulders up, signal an extremely promising career. If he wants to be somebody, who can play into his late 30s or even early 40s – and I believe he is capable of that – he needs to take some pressure off his upper body and use the proper foot action to make things easier for himself. This guy has something special and he needed to have that, if he wanted to pull off five straight wins, with a roster that was 1-10 before he arrived in the Bay Area. Watching his mic’d up stuff and understanding what kind of a guy he is, I have no doubt he will religiously work on himself and only get better from this point on. Should he be the highest-paid player in NFL history already? Of course not. But this is what the market looks like for quarterbacks right now. Once free agency officially starts, somebody will probably surpass his numbers. That’s also when San Francisco will add some more talent to surround their man at the helm, since the only pass-catcher on their roster, who earned more than two million dollars in 2017, was on injured reserve. I pointed out some of Garoppolo’s weaknesses, because I believe in him improving as a quarterback. The Niners have made the decision to build their franchise around him and trust me – the future is very bright for this young man.A tank top with a with fanny pack style of zipper pocket. It comes in three different colors: White, Black and Grey. Average Review for this product is 4.5 Stars. One zip pocket not enough for you? How about two! For more info, click here. Comes in gray and white as well. Interested in other zipper pockets clothing besides tank tops?Comparison of food allergy prevalence among Chinese infants in Chongqing, 2009 versus 1999. Food allergy prevalence is increasing in developed countries, but these results have not yet been verified in developing countries, especially in China. Our aim was to determine whether the prevalence and characteristics of food allergy have changed over the last 10 years in Chongqing, China. Two cross-sectional studies were performed, 10 years apart (1999 and 2009) using the same diagnostic methods in the same age group (0-24 months) of the same clinic in Chongqing, China. A total of 401 infants were randomly selected for the present study. Food allergy was confirmed by food challenge. spss 15.0 was used to analyze the difference in prevalence. Food allergy prevalence increased significantly from 3.5% in 1999 to 7.7% in 2009 (P= 0.017). The prevalence of a positive skin-prick-test response was also increased (from 9.9% to 18%; P= 0.002). Egg and cow's milk were still the most common food allergens, which cause skin and gastrointestinal symptoms in most infants. This is the first study in China to indicate time trends in food allergy prevalence and characteristics. Our data show that in the 10-year period from 1999
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285, 8442, 403, 3559, 347, 253, 27844, 1599, 1186, 3069, 1186, 15291, 11254, 313, 3871, 10, 5734, 5010, 4767, 15, 743, 32809, 2170, 762, 253, 6970, 313, 12507, 42080, 28, 2931, 347, 30728, 1840, 253, 1318, 1078, 247, 11484, 275, 271, 43378, 10, 432, 470, 281 ]	($attributeData)) { return false; } $requiredKeys = array( 'attribute_id', 'attribute_code', 'entity_type_id', 'attribute_model' ); foreach ($requiredKeys as $key) { if (!array_key_exists($key, $attributeData)) { return false; } } return true; } /** * Import attributes data from external source * * @param string\|Mage_Eav_Model_Entity_Type $entityType * @param array $attributes * @return $this */ public function importAttributesData($entityType, array $attributes) { $entityType = $this->getEntityType($entityType); foreach ($attributes as $attributeData) { if (!$this->_validateAttributeData($attributeData)) { continue; } $this->_createAttribute($entityType, $attributeData); } return $this; } } Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of diabetic medications that inhibit renal glucose reabsorption, promote glucosuria, and effectively reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), providing hypoglycemia-free glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Currently, of the six SGLT2 inhibitors commercially available in Japan, canagliflozin has a lower SGLT2 selectivity of 155-fold over SGLT1 and 250--3000-fold selectivity compared with other SGLT2 inhibitors \[[@CR3]\]. SGLT1 is highly expressed on the brush-border membrane of enterocytes in the proximal intestine and plays a role in glucose absorption \[[@CR4], [@CR5]\]. Thus, the intestinal SGLT1 inhibition lowers serum glucose levels and conversely augments distal intestinal glucose levels. Incretins, such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) from K cells and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from L cells in the intestine, are hormones that are released from the gut into the bloodstream in response to nutrient ingestion \[[@CR6]--[@CR8]\]. SGLT1 is also expressed in the proximal tubule, heart, skeletal muscle, and others \[[@CR9], [@CR10]\]. Experiments suggest that canagliflozin exhibited modest potency against SGLT1 in the intestine as a result of delayed glucose absorption and increased GLP-1 secretion \[[@CR11]\], as well as SGLT2 inhibition in the proximal tubule. In clinical studies with healthy subjects \[[@CR12], [@CR13]\], a single dose of orally administered canagliflozin 300 mg transiently delayed intestinal glucose absorption, probably as a result of SGLT1 inhibition, which resulted in a reduction in plasma GIP levels and an increase in plasma GLP-1 levels \[[@CR12]\]. The α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GIs) inhibit α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestinal brush borders, leading to a delay in the digestion of complex carbohydrates and absorption of glucose in the upper part of the small intestine. This process is mediated by lower GIP levels and improves postprandial hyperglycemia \[[@CR14]--[@CR16]\]. Furthermore, a delay in glucose absorption by α-GIs accelerates GLP-1 secretion in the lower intestine and, consequently, increases plasma GLP-1 levels, which partly contributes to the inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia \[[@CR15], [@CR16]\]. Metformin has also been reported to increase plasma GLP-1 levels after a test meal in patients with T2DM \[[@CR17]--[@CR19]\]. The mechanisms underlying the increased plasma GLP-1 levels associated with metformin treatment are poorly understood. Metformin has been suggested to inhibit the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in the ileum, thereby increasing the luminal concentration of bile acids in the ileum and colon \[[@CR18]\]. Exogenous bile acids increase circulating GLP-1 in clinical studies \[[@CR20], [@CR21]\]. Thus, metformin induces GLP-1 secretion indirectly through an increase in bile acids in the intestine. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of canagliflozin 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks on blood glucose control and postprandial total GLP-1 levels in Japanese patients with T2DM, as either single or combination therapy with α-GI or metformin, both of which are known to potentiate GLP-1 secretion. Methods {#Sec2} ======= Study Subjects {#Sec3} -------------- This was a 12-week, open-label study conducted at Naka Kinen Clinic (Ibaraki, Japan). The study protocol was approved by the Naka Kinen Clinic Institutional Review Board, Ibaraki, Japan, and is registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000018345. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were compensated for their time. Eligible participants were patients aged at least 20 years and less than 75 years with T2DM who met the following criteria: (1) had a baseline HbA1c between 6.5% and 8.5%, and (2) underwent regular dietary or exercise therapy for at least 8 weeks, or took stable doses of oral glucose-lowering agents of α-GI or metformin for at least 8 weeks. Patients who met at least one of the following criteria were excluded from the study: (1) had type 1 diabetes mellitus or secondary diabetes mellitus; (2) had a contraindication to canagliflozin; (3) had severe renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m^2^); (4) had a body mass index (BMI) less than 22 kg/m^2^; (5) were receiving glucose-lowering therapy by insulin, GLP-1 analogues, or other SGLT2 inhibitors; (6) were pregnant, breast-feeding or planning to be pregnant; or (7) were deemed by the investigator to be not suitable, e.g., patients with a complication or history of cerebral or myocardial infarction. Study Design {#Sec4} ------------ Patients with T2DM inadequately controlled by a regular diet and exercise therapy regimen (classified as the drug-naïve group), acarbose (the α-GI group), or metformin (the metformin group) for at least 8 weeks were enrolled and given canagliflozin 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks. The meal tolerance tests (MTTs) were carried out before and after canagliflozin treatment for 12 weeks. A meal was about 504 kcal and consisted of 63.1% carbohydrate, 12.4% protein, and 23.2% fat. For the MTTs, canagliflozin 100 mg was administered 30 min before the start of the meal and blood samples were collected at four time points: before a meal and 30, 60, and 90 min after a meal to measure blood glucose, total GIP, total GLP-1, and immunoreactive insulin levels. To assess glycemic control and anthropometric variables, HbA1c, glycoalbumin, body weight, and BMI were measured before and every 4 weeks during the canagliflozin treatment period of 12 weeks. The waist circumference was also measured before and after a 12-week treatment with canagliflozin. Measurement of Total GIP and GLP-1 Levels, Immunoreactive Insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA)-R, and HOMA-Beta Cell Function (HOMA-B) {#Sec5} ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Plasma total GIP levels were measured with an ELISA kit that had 100% cross-reactivity to human active GIP and inactive GIP (EMD Millipore Corporation, MO, USA) \[[@CR22], [@CR23]\]. The detection limit of total GIP in this assay was 0.8 pmol/L. Plasma total GLP-1 levels were determined by an electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay kit (Meso Scale Diagnostic LLC, MD, USA) \[[@CR23]\]. The detection limit of total GLP-1 in this assay was 0.4 pmol/L. Values below the detection limit were calculated as half values of the detection limit. Serum immunoreactive insulin levels were measured with a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay kit from SRL Inc (Tokyo, Japan). Two samples were missing in both the drug-naïve group and the metformin group. HOMA-R, an index of insulin resistance, and HOMA-B were calculated as follows \[[@CR24]\]; HOMA-R = insulin × fasting blood glucose/405, HOMA-B = insulin × 360/(fasting blood glucose − 63). Statistical Analysis {#Sec6} -------------------- Data in all tables and figures are presented as the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise stated. An incremental area under the curve (ΔAUC; defined as AUC above the value before a meal in an MTT) from 0 to
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Supplementary: - foster life-long learning skills, active social position and patriotism; Internet sources: www.akorda.kz , www.eslcafe.com; www.englishonline.com; www.educationuk.org; www.teachingenglish.org.uk www.learnenglish.org.uk. Note: the above materials are available in the KBTU library, the British Council Resource Center and the Internet. Other abbreviations: TBD – to be determined SIS – Students’ independent study TSIS –Teacher supervised independent study RL – Required literature GE – General English SL – Supplementary literature NEF – New English File ESC - English-speaking countries WB – Work Book SB – Student’s Book COURSE CALENDAR Weeks/ Dates Class work T/SIS Topic/Module Hours Activities/ Materials TSIS Project Writing SIS Week 1 Add-drop registration week Acquaintance, syllabus and academic policy Week 2 MODULE 1 1A. Who is who? 1B. Who knows you better? 1C. At the Moulin Rouge There are two attestation periods worth 30% each. The final exam is 40% of the student’s grade. In-class assessment includes classwork, quizzes, and participation. Homework (T/SIS) is work done outside of class and includes regular assignments as well as the project. Course policies Academic honesty is expected of all students. Cheating and plagiarism are violations of academic honesty. Any student found violating the academic policy would receive an automatic “ZERO” for the assignment. Cheating is the act of obtaining information and data improperly or in a deceitful or dishonest way. Examples of cheating are copying from another student’s paper, obtaining information illegally on tests, and using crib notes or deceitful practices. Late work: All formal papers must be submitted at the beginning of class on the day they are due. There will be a deduction of points. (10% per day) Please note that it is your responsibility to print assignments well in advance. Make-up work following an absenceThe student is responsible for obtaining all notes and assignments from the classes missed. All quizzes must be taken on the first day after an absence. These arrangements are the student’s responsibility and a Zero will be given for incomplete work. ACADEMIC POLICY Students are required: · to be respectful to the teacher and other students; · to switch off mobile phones during classes; · not to cheat. Plagiarized papers shall not be graded; · to meet the deadlines; Work submitted late for no valid reason is subject to 50% grade deduction; · to come to classes prepared and actively participate in classroom work; students who refuse to participate may be marked absent at the teacher’s discretion; · to enter the room before the teacher starts the lesson; · to attend all classes. No make-up tests are allowed unless there is a valid reason for missing them; · to follow KBTU academic policy regarding W, AW, I, F grades. A student must earn not less than 30 points in the two attestation periods. If the sum of the two attestation scores is less than 30 points, the student gets the unsatisfactory mark “Fail” (F) and will not be admitted to the final examination. The final exam score must be not less than 20 points. If the student earns less than 20 points, the student gets the unsatisfactory mark “Fail” (F). Students are encouraged to: · consult the teacher on any issues related to the course; · make up within a week’s time for the works undone for a valid reason without any grade deductions;At Sun, 17 Feb 2013 23:23:16 +1030, Jonathan Woithe wrote: >> On Sun, Feb 17, 2013 at 09:32:38AM +0100, Takashi Iwai wrote: > > > I've been able to test this (snapshot as of two days ago, reports version > > > number 3.8.0-rc5+ via uname). As expected there have been some > > > improvements. > > > > Thanks for testing. > > > > > Things which work: > > > > > > * "Headphone Jack Mode" allows switching between "Headphone" and "Line > > > out". Both of these mode settings appear to work. > > > > > > * There are separate "Headphone" and "Speaker" volume controls. > > > > > > * The "Headphone" volume control influences the headphone jack volume. > > > > > > * An "Auto-Mute Mode" control appears in alsamixer (it was missing on > > > earlier versions). > > > > > > * Alsamixer recognises the presence of two ADCs, giving "Capture" and > > > "Capture 1" controls, with corresponding "Input Source" controls. > > > > > > Things which don't work or are missing: > > > > > > * "Headphone Jack Mode" lacks options to enable various "mic" or "line in" > > > modes (all of which are possible on this system) > > > > Yes, it is still unimplemented. So, it's expected not to be there > > yet. If you can hack it by yourself, let me know. >> I may be able to give this a go, but from what I recall there was some > debate as to how this should be implemented. Has that been resolved yet? No, we need to try to implement something and discuss later. I think simply implementing two things would work: providing the vref setup in Headphone Jack Mode enum, and add a pin to the Input Source. User would require two setups, but it's less conflicting with giving implicit dependency with each other, IMO. > Is there any code I could use as a template or example? No template, since the parser code has been completely rewritten recently. Just take a look at hda_generic.c. > > > * The "Input source" controls don't offer the "headphone jack" as a > > > possible source. > > > > Ditto. >> Ok. >> > > * The built-in speaker is completely silent under all situations I have > > > come up with. The setting of "Auto-Mute Mode" has no effect, neither > > > does a manual unmute of the "Speaker" volume control. While I don't > > > personally care much about this I suspect others might. > > > > Hm, this is really mysterious. I have no idea which init code causes > > the problem, and it's hard to debug without a hardware. Could you try > > to figure out which setup is missing? >> I spent a quite some time on this using hda-verb tonight with no success. > I tried many combinations of mute settings and in the end unmuted every node > I can see which lies between the DAC (nid 0x2) and the speaker in this > laptop (nid 0x10). That is: >> * Unmute the inputs on node 0x9 > * Maximise the volume on node 0x9 > * Unmute the input to node 0x10 >> Even with this the speakers remained mute. I then tried using the relevant > parts of the S702X initialisation sequence from 3.3.5 but even this didn't > permit the speaker to make any sound. Whatever's going on it's subtle. >> I confirmed that the alsamixer "Speaker Volume" control manipulated the > output volume control of node 0x9 as it should. >> A quick comparison of /proc/asound/card0/codec#0 from 3.3.5 (where the > speaker works) and 3.8.0-rc5+ (where it doesn't) failed to show anything > obvious. A more detailed comparison may be required. Hm, then maybe the default initialization verbs for ALC260 does something harmful for this machine? A quick (untested) patch is below. > > > * As eluded to above, the "Auto-Mute Mode" control appears to do nothing. > > > > > > * There's no "Mic Jack Mode" control to control the mode of the "mic" jack. > > > This jack supports line-in mode as well as the various "mic" modes which > > > give varying bias voltages. > > > > Strange, the jack mode should appear all input jacks except for the > > fixed pin. Could you give alsa-info.sh output with the latest code? >> The alsa-info is included at the end of this message. To assist in the > debugging of the speaker problem I've also included the output
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These qualities can be those you like or dislike, want to emulate or discard. As you read about them in this chapter, see which resonate with you. Do the exercises later in this chapter to understand their role in yourself and your relationships. ### Getting to Know the Ancient Goddesses Male and female divine figures can come from ancient cultures such as the Sumerian, Teutonic, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman. They can also come from modern times. Let's take a closer look at some of the gods and goddesses from around the world, starting with the goddesses. #### _Major and Well-Known Goddesses_ Most goddesses represent fertility. Goddesses are loving and nurturing in their light manifestations; however, they also are portrayed as seductresses engaging in ritual prostitution. As you read through this list of goddesses from various cultures, circle names you find yourself drawn to: * Lilith A Near Eastern goddess portrayed in many legends as an independent woman refusing to be dominated by men (and therefore named for a music festival a few years ago that celebrated female artists). In one myth she is the first woman in paradise, but she did not submit to Adam as did Eve. In ancient Sumerian lore, she gained a reputation as a seductress and harlot, using her secrets of sexual techniques to lure men to the temples of Inanna, Ishtar, and Astarte to worship her, hail infidelity, and participate in tantric sexual rites. * Ishtar The "Exalted Light of Heaven," with her sweet lips and beautiful body, is known for her eroticism and sexuality but also depicted as the goddess of battle, carrying a bow and sword and riding on a lioness. Deriving from ancient Sumeria as Inanna, and later appearing in the Babylonian era as well as in Egypt, she is symbolized by the evening star and revered for her prophecy, leadership, and healing of the sick. In annual rites, this high Priestess unites with the king in sacred marriage. Ishtar, the great goddess of eroticism. * Aphrodite The most popular goddess from Greek tradition is associated with love, desire, ultimate sexuality, and ecstasy, and is often symbolized by a dove, dolphin, rose, apple, or even an opium poppy. She is also popularly known as Venus, famous Roman goddess of love, known for purity, and supposedly invented by the Romans to turn the citizens toward chastity. * Artemis In Greek mythology, she is the virgin goddess of the hunt and the moon. She is the female counterpart to Ares, the god of war. * Guan-Yin This is the great Chinese goddess of compassion, whose statue is sold everywhere in China. I've been moved after seeing one of her tallest statues on Puduo Mountain, the site of three of her most revered temples; another statue of her is planned to be placed in the water at China's most expansive Buddhist gardens on the island of Hainan, meant to evoke the impressive welcome of our own Statue of Liberty. Guan-Yin, Chinese goddess of compassion. * The Virgin Mary She is the ultimate Christian symbol of purity and motherhood. * Hindu goddesses Various goddesses are of great importance in India and Nepal. I have witnessed ceremonies and seen temples to many of them, and also have many small statues that I keep in my home and even carry in my pocketbook. They include . . . * Durga, the mother of goddesses. * Tara, a goddess representing kindness and wisdom. * Lakshmi, the goddess of abundance, wealth, happiness, and prosperity. * Saraswati, goddess of the arts. * Kali, the goddess of power and strength. I have witnessed many sacrifices at her shrine outside Kathmandu, Nepal, where goats and chickens are slaughtered and their blood offered to her statues, as a request for her protection. Kali, Hindu goddess of power. * * * Tantra Tales Some women today rename themselves with Sanskrit names of goddesses, such as Lakshmi, Kamala, and Usha. Or they may refer to a goddess to describe their own behavior. For example, one tantra friend of mine talks about her expressions of anger or confrontations with other people by saying, "My Kali came out!" #### _Other Goddesses Around the World_ Almost every culture has goddesses that might be equivalent to deities from other cultures and eras. Even if your own background differs, you might identify with these entities (especially if you believe in past lives when you may have lived in those times and places). Here are several countries and some of the goddesses associated with them: * Japan The goddess Benzai Tennyo is associated with sexuality and fertility, but also with granting good fortune and with the art of music (similar to the Hindu goddess Saraswati). * Mexico Tlazolteotl is the Aztec goddess of love and sexuality whose worship included prostitution. In her dark side, she is associated with death and human sacrifice. * * * Tantra Tutorial Greek goddess prototypes, such as Demeter as mother and Artemis as the warrior, are described in Agapi Stassinopolous's book, _Conversations with the Goddess: Revealing the Divine Power Within You_ (Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1999). * Ireland Maeve is considered a magical goddess of Ireland. On one hand she is associated with wanton sexuality, but on the other she is a warrior who uses her sexuality to win battles. * Scotland Riannon, a Welsh goddess often depicted mounted on a white horse or who transforms into a white mare for a marriage ceremony. In mythology, she was chased by a Prince who could not catch her until he asked her permission—a story evoking the importance of a man's surrender to the goddess (a key tantric sex principle). * Africa Mboze is the goddess of the Woyo people; she represents fertility through rainfall. Odude is a Northwest African goddess, whose name means "the black one" and who is often imaged as a serpent, evoking the tantric kundalini energy rising. * Israel The Hebrew goddess Shekinah, whose name means "creative force," is equivalent to the Hindu "Shakti," and is meant to establish balance. Ruth is a real woman revered to have saved her people in ancient times, and thus can be considered a goddess. * Egypt Qadesh is the goddess of love and sex from the Akkadian and Babylonian empires often depicted as a ruler of fertility in the animal world; her worshippers also practiced prostitution. * United States Mother Maui is the goddess of the New Age movement; Gaia is the goddess of the Earth; and Pele is the goddess of fire, often depicted as arising from a volcano. (Having spent much time on the island of Maui in Hawaii, I know firsthand the powerful goddess energy there, and recommend you go there to experience it, too.) * Thailand Tap-tun is celebrated in Thailand (and as Chao Mae Tuptim in China) with offerings of hundreds of symbols of lingams (male sexual organs). * Haiti The Voodoo goddess Erzuli, also called Empusae, is known as a sexual vampire, sucking out men's strength by seducing them while they sleep and inducing erotic dreams or ejaculation. She is worshipped in modern times with champagne and perfume. * Middle East The Islamic goddess Al'Lat (also called Hecate) is the feminine form of Allah and similar to the Hindu Lord Shiva in that calling her is like saying "the Lord" or simply "God." She symbolizes three aspects of the moon: the virgin, the mother, and the aging wise woman. Her reign ended when her shrine was taken over by the prophet Mohammed, signaling the change from matriarchy to patriarchy. * Near East Cybele is reputed to perform both fertility and castration rites. Archeological finds dating back to 6000 B . C . prove her early worship, usually in the form of a black stone. Remember to circle the goddesses whose energies you connect with. For example, I connect with Guan Yin because I spend so much time in China; all the goddesses in Nepal; the Greek goddess of the hunt, Artemis, which was the name of the women's rock band I played in; and the Welsh goddess Riannon, the subject of a Fleetwood Mac song I sang while in the band. * * * Blocks to Bliss Some beings are considered to have given tantric sex a bad reputation. Aghora is a rebellious manifestation of the Hindu god Shiva, famous for orgies and cruelties, such that his devotees have sex in cemeteries. Bhogi supposedly volunteered as a human sacrifice to achieve sacred status; his dying wish was to have sex with many women. ### Gods from Different Cultures Like goddesses, gods come from every culture, tradition, and era
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403, 752, 627, 457, 84, 271, 11921, 273, 275, 253, 2919, 27, 28580, 13, 27408, 13, 268, 6364, 285, 20951, 9859, 5768, 13, 380, 27756, 11431, 17703, 3260, 352, 369, 1469, 281, 4763, 271, 6714, 273, 1182, 1028, 46635, 285, 5768, 38785, 512, 387, 2378, 15, 13771, 685, 2495, 272, 1110, 23281, 14, 5969, 12134, 1469 ]	roof and can easily imitate wood, slate or clay. Are Asphalt Shingles the Same as Composition Shingles? No, asphalt shingles and composite shingles are not exactly the same. While asphalt shingles are cheaper, composition shingles are more versatile, durable and environmentally friendly. Are Composition Shingles Fire Resistant? Yes, composition shingles are fire resistant What is the Average Cost to Replace A Roof? The average cost to replace a roof is approximately $7,000. The price will heavily depend on your material of choice, roofer, roof condition, roof size and roof pitch. Determine your roof pitch with our roofing calculator. Composite Shingle Roof Prices Vs. Other Roofing Materials Roof replacement or installation is no small project. Beyond durability, maintenance and location, most homeowners choose roofing materials based on price. As such, you need to know average roofing costs for all materials on the market. Be sure to compare comp shingle roof costs to all roofing materials below: Composite Shingles Vs. Asphalt Shingles As you research roofing materials online, you’ll quickly see that asphalt and composite shingles are quite similar. However, with a closer look, there are key differences all homeowners should know. After all, installing the wrong roofing material for your area could spell disaster for your home. Firstly, comp shingles are made from multiple ingredients such as slate, laminate, wood, fiberglass and more. Asphalt consists of a paper or fiberglass mat with asphalt above it. Next, as said previously, composition roofs last longer than asphalt. Considering that stronger materials are used, it makes perfect sense that composite shingles could last twice as long as asphalt. Composition roofs usually use recycled materials and are therefore, eco-friendly. More often than not, asphalt shingle roofs are not environmentally friendly. Finally, as we’ve already shared, asphalt shingles are more affordable than composite shingles. In fact, asphalt costs roughly 75% less than composite shingles. However, since composition roofs last longer, their lifetime costs are not that far off. Types Of Comp Shingles Composite shingles are a type of asphalt shingle that falls under two categories, organic and fiberglass, with three subtypes of 3-tab, laminate/dimensional and architectural/premium. Organic composite shingles are composed of a core of felt or paper, which is coated in asphalt, then topped with a layer of ceramic granules. They last about 20 to 30 years and are more flexible than the second type, which helps reduce damages caused by temperature shifts. Fiberglass composite shingles on the other hand are made with a base of fiberglass, which is reinforced with a synthetic resin and coated with asphalt. Due to the fiberglass, they are a little more brittle than organic composite shingles and thus, less able to withstand sudden shifts in temperature, which expand and contract materials. Fiberglass composite shingles are more water resistant because of the resin coating. The three subtypes of composite shingles are 3-tab, laminate/dimensional and architectural, sometimes called premium. A 3-tab composite roof is a single layer of shingle and is available in a variety of colors, depending on manufacturer. They generally have a warranty between 20 and 30 years. Laminate/dimensional composite shingles are the most common and are double the thickness of 3-tab shingles. Laminate shingles have two shingles affixed together to create a look of depth as opposed to the flat, one-dimensional look of 3-tab. The warranty for this type is generally between 30 and 50 years. Composite Shingles Manufacturers As time evolves, more and more composite roofing brands are popping up. However, a few composite manufacturers stand above the rest. Three of the most common composite shingle manufacturers are EcoStar, CertainTeed and Davinci. EcoStar offers a certified Green product and has shingles that have been approved for historic buildings in need of repair and preservation. CertainTeed, like EcoStar, offers composite shingles that are almost indistinguishable from beautiful slate or shake. Davinci’s products are polymer-based and offer the top fire and impact ratings available, as well as a long warranty. As you talk to local roofers, ask them what manufacturer they would recommend for your roof’s layout and location. Composition Shingle Advantages Composite roofs bring a host of benefits to roofs across the country. Composite roof advantages include: Composite shingles offer a wonderful balance between cost, aesthetics and value. Many companies offer composites that look just like slate, wood or other much more expensive materials. Composite roofs are impact resistant and fire resistant. Composition roof warranties are a great value at over 20 years, often offering guarantees as long as 50 years. Composites can be found to match any style and are suitable for any project. Composite shingles are significantly cheaper than slate, shake or clay, while offering the same beautiful look. In some cases, composite resists cracking and warping better than the products they’re meant to resemble. Composition Shingle Disadvantages No roofing material is perfect. Before installing or replacing any roof, you must look at downsides as well. The primary disadvantages of composition shingle roofs are: Composite shingles are about four times more expensive than asphalt. Installing composites does require professional installation, as there are particular tools used to install the material. Composite shingles are also somewhat vulnerable to wind damage, but they are easy to restore, reducing your overall roof repair costs. Unless a little more money is put into finishes that resist moss and mildew in humid climates, composite shingles are prone to suffering decay and unsightly growth. Find A Local Roofer If you want to make the wise compromise between cost and appearance, composite shingles are certainly worth considering. The variety of styles, which are often indecipherable from much more costly materials, and the long warranties make them hard to beat.Finding Fresh Produce Food banks sourcing more fresh produce March 29, 2017 by Brooke Still Imagine you were given a bushel of apples that you’d never be able to eat before they go bad. You have three options: take what you can and throw away the rest, refuse the apples all together or take what you’ll eat and give the rest to your friends. Feeding America member food banks are faced with this scenario often — on a much larger scale — and throughout the country, they’re choosing option three. It’s our mission to make more nutritious food available to the people who need it — but often that food can be less frequently available or more perishable. So food banks are partnering together to feed the most people healthy foods. Second Harvest Heartland: Combating cold off-seasons It was obvious to the folks at Second Harvest Heartland that in the Midwest, more produce is available in the summer than in the winter. But when Bob Branham, director of produce strategy, looked at the data, he saw just how sharp the decline becomes when the temperature drops: During peak seasonality, they might distribute 18 different kinds of produce, but in the off season, that variety can drop to just five. And when the variety of produce declines, so do the pounds distributed. Branham knew they couldn’t be the only food bank in the Midwest facing this challenge. So with Feeding America’s help, Second Harvest Heartland decided to take on the challenge of a produce mixing center — a hub for fresh produce, often led by one food bank who sorts large quantities of food into more manageable loads and then delivers them to other food banks in the same geographic region. Second Harvest Heartland and its partners officially launched the mixing center in March 2016 with up to 17 participating food banks at any given time, located throughout the Midwest — and the growth has been phenomenal. They’re working with food banks in warmer climates throughout the country to source the produce — and at the end of their first year, they’ll have distributed slightly more than four million pounds of fresh fruits and veggies. But this is just the beginning — the produce cooperative has set the high goal of sourcing 15 million pounds annually by 2019 — feeding more of our neighbors the healthy foods they need. Feeding the Pacific Northwest: Making the most of the abundance Fifteen hundred miles to the west, Feeding the Pacific Northwest works in an entirely different climate. Rather than facing a dry spell during produce off seasons, food bankers in the Northwest often see excess produce — good fruits and veggies going to waste because food banks can’t metabolize them fast enough. Through careful planning and constant communication, FPNW helps to ensure that each food bank has enough to meet its individual needs, and then shares excess produce. Some of the main produce items that the member food banks share are what there’s an abundance of in the region: apples, onions, pears and potatoes Last summer, The Idaho Foodbank knew it was going to receive an excess of zucchini and summer squash all at once. Rather than risking those nutrient-rich foods going
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He is made up of, Regrettably, substantially extra operating for him than the eighteenth-century French coiffeurs who relied consequently intensely on the whims of the incredibly prosperous and fairly noble; particularly, scientifically created attractiveness products and solutions and a greatly diverse purchasers. How to study abroad New YorkThis invention relates to an high capacity DRAM device having a smaller cell size as well as having a higher storage capacity. This process also relates to a process for preparing xe2x80x9cmemoriesxe2x80x9d and other semiconductor devices with smaller dimensions and precise controls. In particular, this invention relates to a process for preparing DRAM""s having a smaller cell size with high storage capacities and the cell layout of a high density DRAM product having a capacity as high as four gigabits. In recent years, in the area of semiconductor memory devices such as DRAM, 4M and 16M DRAMs have been mass-produced, and 64M DRAMs have been studied. In DRAMs, the typical three dimensional structures such as a trench type and a stack type have been developed. The trench type is manufactured in a groove provided on the semiconductor substrate, and the stack type is formed by laminating in three dimensions the conductive layers on the surface of the semiconductor substrate. The trench type has a flatter surface than the stack type, providing advantages for lithography but has serious operating disadvantages. The operation voltage is changed by leakage of current and punch-through between adjacent trenches. Electron-hole pairs generated by xcex1-particles transmitted inside the substrate are also a problem. The stack type is formed by laminating element layers on the substrate, and the fabrication process sequence is simpler than for the trench type and does not have the operating deficits noted above. As a result, the stack type is more attractive than the trench type. A limiting factor in the construction of stack type DRAMs in smaller cell sizes is the minimum storage capacity of 25 fF required for proper operation of a DRAM, that is, the cell capacity required per cell and the practical limit of photolithography techniques for achieving smaller dimensions. As the memory device is made to be more highly integrated and thus smaller in size, the area occupied by each cell is reduced, thus reducing the area available for each capacitor. To be functionally operable, the capacitor must have a large capacity, even as the size of the memory cell is reduced. The chip size of a DRAM product is determined by the formula: Chip Area=AP+AM Where: AP is the Area of Peripheral circuits; and AM is the Area of total Memory cells and is calculated by the formula: AM=Total Bits (or density)xc3x97a Cell Area Normally, AM occupies more than 55 percent of the total chip area in a high density DRAM. Because the smaller the chip size, the lower the production cost, every effort is directed to reducing the cell size. It can be shown that the memory cell size can be estimated by the formula: Cell Area=2xc3x97(AP+2xcex4)xc3x97WP/AE xe2x80x83Wherein: AP=Active Pitch; xcex4=Spacing of a bit line contact to the word line due to alignment limitations of photolithography (alignment errors); WP=Word Line Pitch; and AE=Area Efficiency. In the produce and process of this invention, AE can be greater than previously known configurations, being above 80% and as high as about 100%. Prior art approaches have focused on reducing the Cell Area by scaling but have reached limits in size reduction and tolerances due to the limits of photolithography, process techniques, and the need to make a capacitors having capacities greater than 25 fF. Similar constraints have limited the Area Efficiency for a typical 16 M DRAM to less than 80 percent. It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for manufacturing a semiconductor device which provides component widths and spacings of in a range down to 1000 xc3x85 and smaller in horizontal planes by using the existing optical stepper or other advanced conventional lithographic exposure systems and even smaller dimensions in a range down to 700 xc3x85 using more advanced X-ray and more precise RIE techniques. It is another object of this invention to provide a smaller DRAM cell structure which provides a theoretical efficiency of 100 percent. It is a still further object of this invention to enable the construction of DRAMs having a density of up to four gigabits per device without sacrificing the cell capacity. A further object of this invention is the provision of a DRAM having components which are entirely constructed in straight line structures, avoiding stress points, and yielding a more stable, low leakage product. It is a still further object of this invention to provide a DRAM having word and active line arrays each of which are straight, have a uniform width, and have a uniform, minimum spacing from adjacent members of their respective arrays, the word and bit lines being in a configuration perpendicular to each other. In summary, one process of this invention is to produce a desired width of a product material in small dimensions in a range down to 800 xc3x85. The process comprises the following steps: a) depositing a form material on the surface of a product material; b) removing a portion of the form material by vertical etching using photolithography to leave a sidewall of said form material; c) depositing a layer of masking material over the form material and product material, the layer of masking material having a thickness correlating to said desired width of product material; d) removing masking material by vertical RIE until the form material is exposed, leaving a predetermined width of masking material, and removing the form material until the underlying product material is exposed; e) removing portions of the product material which are not protected by the masking material to leave a desired width of product material corresponding to the width of the masking material; and f) removing the masking material, leaving a desired width of said product material. The form material can be nitride, the masking material can be oxide, and the product material is a conductor such as doped polysilicon. Examples of suitable products formed by this process are word lines and capacitor plates. Another process of this invention forms a small spacing d between widths of material. This can be useful for reducing spacings between capacitor plates, conductors or transistors, and in reducing the size of field oxide areas, for example. It can also yield products such as bit lines or word lines with reduced widths. The process for forming a desired space between adjacent portions of a product material having a width e comprises the following steps: a) depositing a form material on the surface of a product material; b) removing a center portion of the form material by vertical etching using photolithography to leave form materials having widths W with opposed sidewalls spaced apart by a distance D which is greater than the desired spacing d by 2xcex94; c) depositing a layer of masking material over the form material and product material, the layer of masking material having a thickness correlating to xcex94; d) removing masking material by vertical RIE until the form material is exposed, leaving xcex94 widths of masking material contacting each of the opposed sidewalls of the form material; e) removing form material by etching; e) removing portions of the product material which are not protected by the masking material; and f) removing the form material and the masking material, leaving adjacent pairs of adjacent widths of product material, each having a width e of in a range down to 800 xc3x85, the desired spacing d between adjacent pairs of product material being in a range down to 700 xc3x85; and a spacing W between adjacent widths of a product material. In this process, each of the form material, masking material and product material is a member independently selected from the group consisting of nitride, oxide, conductor and laminate combinations thereof. Preferably, the form material and the masking material are not the same member, and the masking material and the product material are not the same member. For example, the form material include nitride, oxide, or combinations thereof; the masking material can be oxide; and the product material can be doped polysilicon or metal. In one embodiment, the form material is nitride, the masking material is oxide, and the product material is a conductor. The product material can doped polysilicon. The adjacent widths of product material can be word lines capacitor plates, for example. Another embodiment of the process of this invention forms a desired spacing d in small dimensions in a range down to 700 xc3x85 between adjacent widths of a product material. It comprises the following steps: a) depositing a form material on the surface of a product material; b) forming an array of photolithographic masking materials spaced apart by a distance D; c) removing portions of the form material by vertical etching to leave an array of form materials with opposed sidewalls spaced apart by a distance D which is greater than spacing d by 2xcex94 and removing the photolithographic masking materials; c) depositing a layer of second masking material over the form material and product material, the layer of second masking material having a thickness correlating to xcex94; d) removing second masking material by vertical RIE until the form material is exposed, leaving xcex94 widths of opposed second masking material contacting each of the opposed sidewalls of the form material, the distance between the opposed widths of second masking material being in a range in a range down to 700 xc3x85. In one embodiment of this process, the form material, masking material and product material are each individually selected from the group consisting of nitride, oxide, conductor and laminate combinations thereof. Preferably, the form material and the masking material
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5604, 1335, 1060, 15, 8948, 634, 385, 14205, 247, 17167, 273, 731, 13, 323, 368, 281, 346, 788, 2469, 3, 634, 45652, 1988, 15, 1292, 368, 871, 752, 32, 28218, 3006, 8991, 37969, 634, 385, 1335, 9193, 2584, 634, 2862, 2021, 15, 285, 407, 4882, 2220 ]	an optically accessible blood vessel, or by imaging radioactive label in the plaque in a blood vessel anywhere in the body. US Patent Application Publication 2006/0131284 to Grinvald et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a method and system for determining and mapping the quantity of chromophores having a distinct spectrum attached to moving objects in a spectrally rich environment that may include multiple chromophores attached to stationary objects. An area of interest is imaged at different times and different wavelengths, and the spectral properties of the one or more chromophores attached to the moving objects are separated from the stationary spectral properties of the background, followed by spectral analysis of the moving objects to determine their quantity. Application to the retinal vasculature is illustrated, showing the imaging, analyzing and quantifying the oxygen saturation of retinal blood, resolved for the different vascular compartments: capillaries, arterioles, venules, arteries, and veins. Changes in the structure of the vascular environment are also determined (whether growth of new vessels or the elimination of existing ones), by the generation of path maps based on analysis of differential images taken at a single wavelength of the moving components in the blood flow. U.S. Pat. No. 6,588,901 to Grinvald et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a system for directly imaging and analyzing the movement of individual erythrocytes in blood vessels, the system comprising imaging means for acquiring, within a predetermined time interval from each other, at least one pair of images of at least one same erythrocyte for producing at least two frames, each image representing an analog or digital image of the location of the erythrocyte in each of the frames at a predetermined time; image acquisition means for collecting and storing analog or digital images in machine-readable form, and a computer for controlling the operation of the imaging means and the image acquisition means, for processing the at least two frames, and for analyzing the movement of the erythrocyte in the blood vessels. A method for directly imaging and analyzing the movement of individual erythrocytes in blood vessels is also provided. U.S. Pat. No. 6,478,424 to Grinvald et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a system for imaging reflectance changes, intrinsic or extrinsic fluorescence changes of a retina due to retinal function, including an imaging illuminator for illumination of the retina; a retina-stimulating illuminator for inducing a functional response; an imaging device receiving light from the retina via retinal imaging optics; image acquisition means for digitizing and storing images received from the imaging device, and a computer for controlling the operation of the system and for processing the stored images to reveal a differential functional signal corresponding to the retina's function. The following patents and patent applications may be of interest: PCT Publication WO 06/121,984 to Nelson et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,426 to Grinvald PCT Publication Wo 04/049899 to Grinvald et al. PCT Publication WO 03/083434 to Grinvald et al. PCT Publication WO 99/063882 to Grinvald et al. PCT Publication Wo 00/006015 to Grinvald et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,351,663 to Flower et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,298 to Flower US Patent Application Publication 2002/0016533 to Marchitto et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,784,162 to Cabib et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,983,120 to Groner et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,902,935 to Kaufman US Patent Application Publication 2002/0111545 to Lindberg U.S. Pat. No. 6,104,939 to Groner The following articles may be of interest: “Retinal microvascular abnormalities and incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study,” by Wong, Lancet 2001: 358:1134-40 “Automatic Extraction and Measurement of Leukocyte Motion in Microvessels Using Spatiotemporal Image Analysis,” by Sato, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 44, No. 4, April 1997 “Visual stimulus induced changes in human near-infrared fundus reflectance,” by Abramoff, Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 February; 47(2): 715-721Ladovica Ladovica is a village in the municipality of Vlasotince, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 904 people. References Category:Populated places in Jablanica DistrictIn a wireless communications system such as AMPS, FM (frequency modulation) is used for communicating voice signals together with a supervisory audio tone (SAT) which is transmitted by a base station with a nominal frequency selected from three possible nominal frequencies of 5970, 6000, and 6030 Hz, and an FM deviation of .+-.2 kHz.+-.10%. SAT components of the signal transmitted by the base station are transponded by a mobile terminal back to the base station using a phase locked loop (PLL). The base station is required to detect the presence and loss of SAT within attack and release times, respectively, of 200 ms. The SAT is required to be present all the time for the voice channel, and voice calls can be interrupted if a valid SAT is not detected. Accordingly, reliable SAT detection is important for proper operation of the system. In practice, reliability of SAT detection can be of concern in situations where there is a low C/I (signal carrier to interference) ratio, for example under co-channel interference (CCI) conditions, and situations where the mobile terminal may not fully comply with specifications. For example, in fading and shadowing conditions, the PLL in the mobile terminal may not be able to track well, so that the transponded SAT can drift in frequency. In addition, the FM deviation of the transponded SAT frequency may be different from the specified .+-.2 kHz.+-.10%, also adversely affecting SAT detection by the base station. A digital PLL can be used to detect a sinusoidal signal, but is not well suited to SAT detection because it requires a relatively long capture time and does not work well in the fading channel environment of wireless communications systems. A matched filter or coherent detection technique can be used, but this only works well with SAT frequencies that are very accurate. The SAT detection performance of matched filters is seriously degraded for small frequency differences for example of 3 Hz, so that matched filters can not be used for detecting SAT from out-of-specification mobile terminals. Auto-correlation based SAT detectors have been used because they are not sensitive to SAT frequency variation, but they do not provide an optimal SAT detection. McPherson et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,698,769, issued Oct. 6, 1987 and entitled "Supervisory Audio Tone Detection In A Radio Channel", describes a base station SAT detector in which a DFT is applied to complex numbers derived by accumulation from samples of the received signal, and the powers at the SAT frequencies are compared with threshold levels to determine whether or not the respective SAT is present in the received signal. This patent describes the use of an 8-point DFT with an approximation used to simplify the calculations, but in practice a larger and more accurate DFT is required to provide a desired frequency resolution for SAT detection. Typically, a 32-point DFT may be desired. The resources required for computing a 32-point DFT are considerably greater than those required for computing an 8-point DFT. Block computation of a 32-point DFT in known manner also creates a high peak digital signal processing (DSP) load for computing the DFT periodically, with relatively low DSP loads at other times. In practice in a base station of a wireless communications system it is desirable to avoid such high peak DSP loads. Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide an improved method of and apparatus for DFT computation for tone detection, particularly for detecting SAT in a wireless communications system.This site is dedicated to the classic rock era; hard rock and heavy metal from the 70´s and the 80´s. Here you´ll find music, news, concerts, trivia, stories and much more. Check back for daily updates! Pages Music, videos, trivia, stories, books, gigs and news. Here you´ll find stuff on the great bands from the 70s and 80s! Monday, April 4, 2011 KISS To Enter The Studio Today (April 4th) Recently Eric Singer, as reported here, while on tour with ESPannouncedthat KISS will enter the studio in L.A. today April 4th to start the recording process of the "Sonic Boom" album follow up due to hit the shelves later this fall. Gene Simmons stated days ago that they have some 20/25 demos ready to be recorded and the Album will be much like in the way of "Sonic Boom": "Meat & Potatos rock'n'roll music." "Sonic Boom" was recorded at the Conway Studios in Hollywood, L.A. between May and August 2009.Los Angeles Angels Jerseys On Promotion Love doesnt fade next day. The feelings and emotions your boyfriend or girlfriend felt when you were in a relationship? Those are certainly still here. Maybe your ex buried a handful of them, for you to "get past" your liaison. But you know what? Utilizing emotional attachments your ex still feels toward your entire family. and by playing upon
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20, 5218, 6023, 7551, 407, 253, 773, 28336, 13554, 275, 10295, 1320, 27, 3762, 285, 5661, 7103, 668, 2199, 13, 4824, 562, 1561, 253, 15388, 272, 13521, 273, 253, 6807, 323, 19701, 6875, 820, 14 ]	to sequence all exons in JAG1, which should identify approximately 85% of ALGS pathogenic variants. If CNV analysis is not carried out simultaneously with sequencing, second tier diagnostics involves large deletion/duplication analysis through either multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), chromosomal microarray (CMA), or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which should identify an additional 9% of pathogenic variants. Samples without an identified JAG1 pathogenic variant would then undergo Sanger sequencing for NOTCH2, which should uncover an additional 2--3% of pathogenic variants. A notable finding from our study is the percentage (3.2%) of mutation negative individuals that we describe. These individuals have all met the standards for clinical classification of ALGS, but do not have a pathogenic variant in JAG1 or NOTCH2. We hypothesize that these include patients with JAG1 variants not previously identified by conventional testing (Sanger sequencing and MLPA), as well as a subset of patients that will be found to have a different diagnosis with overlapping features of Alagille syndrome. The best approach towards a molecular understanding of this population is to perform more comprehensive sequencing methodologies, including whole exome sequencing (ES), whole genome sequencing (GS), and/or RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Using ES, we have previously identified compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the gene ATP8B1, a gene involved in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type I (PFIC1) in a patient with overlapping features of ALGS and PFIC1 (Grochowski et al., [2015](#humu23879-bib-0026){ref-type="ref"}). Individuals with ABCB4 deficiency, which results in a variety of hepatic phenotypes including PFIC Type 3, have also been misdiagnosed as having ALGS (Schatz et al., [2018](#humu23879-bib-0069){ref-type="ref"}). Similarly, siblings with an initial diagnosis of ALGS were found to have a pathogenic variant in the NEK8 gene, which is commonly mutated in renal‐hepatic‐pancreatic‐dysplasia 2 (RHPD2) and in nephronophthisis (NPHP9), and resulted in a reclassification of the disease to encompass a spectrum of disorders that involve NEK8 pathogenic variants rather than ALGS (Rajagopalan et al., [2016](#humu23879-bib-0063){ref-type="ref"}). These studies suggest that full evaluation of our 13 mutation negative individuals, which has not yet been performed, may lead to disease reclassification. Given the obvious molecular etiology of ALGS as a disease of Notch signaling dysfunction, we anticipate that regulatory regions within JAG1 or NOTCH2, or regions within those two genes that are missed by more traditional sequencing technologies, including ES, are the most likely candidates for novel molecular discovery. The advanced technology provided by GS is able to identify more complicated structural variants in JAG1, and indeed we describe here a partial gene deletion and an inversion detected by GS (Rajagopalan et al., in preparation). We are confident that a larger subset of mutation negative individuals with a clear clinical indication of ALGS will be definitively diagnosed as we screen this cohort. 8. CONCLUSIONS {#humu23879-sec-0210} ============== Overall, our decades‐long study on ALGS has allowed us to accumulate comprehensive information on the types and frequencies of mutations in ALGS. We report an additional 86 JAG1 pathogenic variants and three NOTCH2 pathogenic variants, bringing the total number of described variants to 694 and 19, respectively (Stenson et al., [2017](#humu23879-bib-0076){ref-type="ref"}). We find that 94.3% of individuals with clinically diagnosed ALGS have a pathogenic variant in the JAG1 gene, 2.5% have a pathogenic variant in the NOTCH2 gene, and 3.2% are molecularly uncharacterized. We caution other researchers and clinicians on the functional relevance of missense variants, both in JAG1 and particularly in NOTCH2, where they predominate. Finally, we suggest that NGS strategies may best interrogate the small population of molecularly undiagnosed patients, and that these approaches should prioritize screening of JAG1, NOTCH2, and of other Notch signaling genes and regulatory regions. Supporting information ====================== ###### Supporting information ###### Click here for additional data file. The authors thank all of the patients and families who participated in this study. The authors also thank the Fred and Suzanne Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center for their continued support. This work was supported in part by R01‐DK081702‐05 (N.B.S.) and R01‐DK53104 (N.B.S.), as well as the Fred and Suzanne Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center at the Children\'s Hospital of Philadelphia. [Antitumor effect of a tumor-cell neuraminidase vaccine]. The effect of neuraminidase vaccine of CBA mouse sarcoma cells caused by simian adenovirus SA7 (C8) on growth parameters of transplanted sarcoma in a syngeneic system was studied. Inoculation of the vaccine was found to inhibit tumor growth. This effect was more marked in a group of animals given tumor cells after preliminary vaccination. There was no correlation between tumor growth parameters and cytotoxic activity of spleen cells assesses in the cytotoxicity test by 51Cr release in the groups of vaccinated and control animals. It is concluded that the treatment of tumor cells with neuraminidase increases their immunogenicity. The cytotoxic activity of spleen cells in vaccinated animals appears earlier and persists longer.NEW YORK, May 23 (Reuters) - Wegelin & Co, the oldest Swiss private bank, is digging in its heels against a U.S. criminal charge that it conspired to help wealthy Americans evade taxes. At a hearing in U.S. District Court in Manhattan on Wednesday, a federal prosecutor said Swiss police on May 2 had hand delivered a court summons and a copy of the indictment to Wegelin executive Konrad Hummler. The bank is now seeking to contest the summons in Swiss courts, prosecutor Daniel Levy said. The indictment of Wegelin, which was founded in 1741, was the first in which the United States accused a foreign bank, rather than individuals, of helping Americans commit tax fraud. Wegelin was accused of helping clients hide more than $1.2 billion in offshore bank accounts. The case is part of a U.S. crackdown on alleged tax fraud, including efforts to pierce the tradition of Swiss bank secrecy. Wegelin was not in court on Wednesday, nor did it appear at the first hearing in the case in February. A spokeswoman for Wegelin could not immediately be reached for comment. At Wednesday's hearing, Judge Jed Rakoff conceded that it is "rather hard to arrest a corporation" but asked why U.S. prosecutors had not sought a warrant to arrest individual Wegelin partners. There is "some reason to believe the Swiss authorities would not execute the warrant," Levy responded, but said he would continue to consider that as a possible option. No Wegelin partner has been charged, Levy said. The case is U.S. v. Wegelin & Co et al, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, No. 12-cr-00002. (Reporting By Basil Katz; Editing by Phil Berlowitz)Q: Can I install Factions/Anti-Griefing tools on a Technic Pack server? I want to add Factions, or any other sort of anti-griefing plugin, to the server I am hosting, but the .jar provided is only a vanilla server for the 1.7.1.0 Pack. Is it possible to add Bukkit (Factions, or anti-griefing countermeasures) to the server without messing with the rest of the modpack? If so, how would I do that? A: Check out Forge Essentails 1.7.10 It has a few querks and some of the modules don't really work but it is a server only mod which you can use to prevent most griefing. --- author: - 'Michał Ziobro[^1]' - 'Marcin Pilipczuk[^2]' bibliography: - 'A.bib' title: 'Finding Hamiltonian Cycle in Graphs of Bounded Treewidth: Experimental Evaluation[^3]' --- #### Acknowledgements. This work is a full version of an extended abstract that appeared at SEA 2018 [@ZiobroP18]. We are very grateful to an anynomous reviewer at ACM JEA whose remarks greatly helped us improving the manuscript. We also thank Michael Haythorpe for assistance in preparing the breakdown of tests into categories in Section \[ss:breakdown\]. [^1]: Theoretical Computer Science Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. `[email protected]` [^2]: Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Poland. `[email protected]` [^3]: Supported by the “Recent trends in kernelization: theory and experimental evaluation” project, carried out within the Homing programme of the Foundation for Polish Science co-
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Introduction ============ In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded 12 states, under the Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance (ESOOS) program, to utilize state Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance (SyS) data systems to increase timeliness of state data on drug overdoses. A key aspect of the ESOOS program is the development and validation of case definitions for drug overdoses for EMS and ED SyS data systems. Kentucky's ESOOS team conducted a pilot validation study of a candidate EMS case definition for HOD, using data from the Kentucky State Ambulance Reporting System (KStARS). We examined internal, face validity of the EMS HOD case definition by reviewing pertinent information captured in KStARS data elements; and we examined external agreement with HOD cases identified Kentucky's statewide hospital billing database. Methods ======= From KStARS, we extracted EMS emergent transports by any ambulance service to hospitals in a single, large health care system in Kentucky. We included responses with dispatch dates between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2017. From Kentucky's statewide hospital claims data system, we extracted inpatient discharges, ED visits and observational stays at the destination hospitals, with admit dates in the same range. We classified EMS cases as HOD based on specific combinations of the following criteria for EMS data elements: primary or secondary provider impression of heroin poisoning (T40.1X4), heroin-related keywords in the patient care narrative or chief complaint, and patient's response to naloxone as indicated in the medications list^1^. We used standard drug overdose case definitions for ICD-10-CM-coded hospital billing data^2^ to classify hospital records from the destination facilities to the same categories. We produced descriptive analyses of the heroin overdose cases detected in both data sources, EMS and hospital. To assess the degree of overlap in the HOD cases identified by the two data systems, we matched the identified EMS HOD cases against the entire set of UKHC hospital cases. Finally, we assessed the validity of the classification of EMS cases as heroin overdoses by reviewing the EMS patient care narratives and related EMS data elements, as well as the ICD-10-CM hospital diagnostic codes for cases that matched to a hospital record. Results ======= We identified 5,517 emergent EMS transports to the destination hospitals in the first quarter of 2017. Of these, 94 (17/1,000) were identified by our case definition as a HOD. We identified 29,631 unduplicated, emergent encounters at the destination hospitals (including inpatient discharges, ED visits, and observational stays; and excluding elective and newborn encounters). Of these, 105 (3.5/1,000) included a diagnostic code for HOD. Linkage of EMS and hospital cases indicated that 141 unique HOD cases were identified in the two files combined. Of these, 58 (41%) were identified as HOD in both systems. 23 HOD cases identified in EMS were matched to a hospital record that had no mention of a HOD; and 13 could not be matched to a hospital record. Additionally, 47 HOD cases identified in the destination hospitals were not matched to an EMS transport to those destination facilities. Overall, 76 out of the 94 (81%) EMS cases identified as heroin overdoses were judged likely to be true heroin overdoses, as indicated by either 1) positive response to naloxone [and]{.ul}patient admission of recent heroin use, or 2) hospital diagnosis of heroin overdose, or both. For 2% of identified cases, there was evidence of a false positive finding. The remaining 17% of identified heroin cases were inconclusive: there was information suggestive of [opioid]{.ul}overdose, but no clear evidence to suggest, nor to rule out, that the opioid was heroin. Generally, inconclusive cases were identified as heroin overdoses due to positive response to naloxone, combined with mention of the word "heroin" in the narrative that did not indicate an HOD. Examples of the latter include negations (patient denies heroin use) or a bystander who stated that the patient had a history of heroin use. Conclusions =========== We assessed the performance of a straightforward case definition for heroin overdose for EMS data. Face validity of 81% of identified heroin overdoses was supported by clerical review of EMS records and/or hospital ICD-10-CM diagnostic codes. Some proportion of the other 19% of cases that were identified as heroin overdoses may have been overdoses involving opioids other than heroin, but we could not quantify that proportion based on the available information. Future work will consider sensitivity (true heroin overdoses that may fail to be captured by this case definition) and refinements to the basic definition that may yield improved results. Lessons learned from this pilot project will inform subsequent, larger-scale validation studies for EMS drug overdose case definitions. We acknowledge and thank the following agencies for their support of this work: the Kentucky Department for Public Health, Kentucky Board of Emergency Medical Services, and Kentucky Office of Health Policy. Innovative therapies: photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic diagnosis could be a useful tool for improving the diagnostic yield of tumor biopsy, especially for mesothelioma tumors that are sclerotic and particularly hypocellular. For PDD, the use of low doses of a sensitizing drug, such as 5-ALA, must be investigated further. The initial results of 5-ALA-mediated PDD are promising. The role, if any, for PDT in the treatment of mesothelioma has yet to be established. The number of centers exploring this technology is limited because the procedure is labor intensive and requires not only specialized equipment but also physician support. The number of patients treated in the different trials is small, and no definitive conclusions can be drawn. Further complicating the interpretation of published results is the number of variables (i.e., type of sensitizer, light dose, drug dose, drug light interval, methods of light measurement, technique of light delivery, surgical debulking techniques), which differ between studies. Most reports are phase I and II studies. The final outcome of these studies with respect to survival is of limited value. The only phase III study, which was performed with an earlier generation photosensitizer, reported no advantage to the use of PDT in combination with surgery and immunochemotherapy. To date, the most that can be said is that intraoperative PDT can be performed safely in experienced centers and that there are some encouraging results, especially in patients with stages I and II MPM, particularly with the newer generation photosensitizers. One attractive aspect of this adjuvant treatment is that PDT, as opposed to some of the other adjuvant treatments combined with surgery, may offer the option of effecting adequate tumor debulking with a pulmonary-sparing procedure.use clap::{App, SubCommand}; use crate::cmd::arg::{ArgDownloadLimit, ArgOwner, ArgUrl, CmdArg}; /// The params command definition. pub struct CmdParams; impl CmdParams { pub fn build<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> { // Create a list of parameter arguments, of which one is required let param_args = [ArgDownloadLimit::name()]; SubCommand::with_name("parameters") .about("Change parameters of a shared file") .visible_alias("params") .alias("param") .alias("parameter") .arg(ArgUrl::build()) .arg(ArgOwner::build()) .arg(ArgDownloadLimit::build().required_unless_one(&param_args)) } } Officials formally charged a Pennsylvania police officer Tuesday in the fatal shooting of 44-year-old Joseph “Joey” Santos, saying that his actions during a traffic encounter last month were “not justified.” The shooting happened July 28 along a busy highway near Dorney Park in South Whitehall Township. The officer, Jonathan R. Roselle, responded to reports of a Latino man — later identified as Santos — interfering with traffic. He located Santos, who, according to video captured by bystanders, went on to hit and jump on the officer’s car. Santos failed to comply with the officer’s repeated demands, according to police, and Roselle fired his weapon five times. Bystander videos of the shooting shortly emerged on social media afterward, prompting community officials to question the officer’s use of deadly force. The police shooting case also caught the attention of the local chapter of the NAACP, who called for the officer’s firing in a statement following the shooting. Lehigh County District Attorney Jim Martin told reporters in a news conference Tuesday that “in this case, there is no evidence that Mr. Santos was armed with any weapon and no evidence that he had committed or attempted a forcible felony.” Officer Roselle, 33, who was on patrol by himself for fewer than five months, “killed under an unreasonable, mistaken belief that he was justified” in fatally shooting Santos, Martin added. Officials said Roselle remains on administrative leave, while the investigation into the shooting continues. Here’s what we know about what happened, what police and the community have said about the incident, and what’s next. What happened? Roselle was initially monitoring traffic when a woman came to him about a man who had approached and tried to enter her vehicle, police said. There was at least one other driver who told the officer that a Latino man was jumping on cars and interfering with traffic. When Roselle encountered Santos, the officer found him
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[@lopstr:BichlerMW16], but has recently also been integrated into ASP solving systems like I-DLV [@ia:CalimeriFPZ17]. Application: QBF Solving {#sec:qbf} ======================== In this section, we illustrate the power of ELPs by illustrating a way to solve QBF formulas with at most three quantifier alternations (3-QBF) by encoding them as ELPs. This provides an alternative way to show the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma_{\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{3}}}}$ lower bound for ELP consistency, but relies on the existence of a reduction from so-called restricted 3-QBF formulas. [@ai:ShenE16] present such a reduction from restricted 3-QBF formulas to ELP world view existence. Our aim is to generalize this by presenting a reduction from (general) 3-QBF formulas to restricted 3-QBF formulas. We will use this result to benchmark our ELP solver presented in Section \[sec:system\]. Let us begin by first recalling the definition of such 3-QBF formulas. \[def:qbf\] A 3,$\exists$-QBF in CNF form (or QBF, for short) is a formula of the form $$\exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\phi$$ where ${{{\mathbf{X}}}}$, ${{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$, and ${{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$ are sets (or sequences) of distinct (propositional) atoms (also called variables), and $\phi = \bigwedge_{i=1}^k C_i$ is a CNF over the atoms ${{{\mathbf{X}}}}\cup {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\cup {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$, i.e. $C_i = \bigvee_{j=0}^{k_i} L_{i,j}$ is a clause of size $k_i$ and $L_{i,j}$ is either an atom $a$ or its negation $\neg a$. W.l.o.g. we can assume that the clause size $k_i = 3$ for each $0 < i \leq k$, that is, that $\phi$ is given in 3-CNF form, where each clause has at most three elements. In [@ai:ShenE16], the authors make use of a version of QBFs called restricted QBFs. These are QBFs that evaluate to true under all interpretations of the existentially quantified variables if all universally quantified variables are replaced by $\top$ (i.e. if they are set to true). A restricted QBF is a QBF where $\phi[y/\top \mid y \in {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}]$ is a tautology. The hardness proof of Theorem 5 of [@ai:ShenE16] is a reduction from the validity problem of restricted QBFs to the consistency problem of epistemic logic programs. While the actual construction of the reduction is not needed for our purposes in this section, we nevertheless report it here, for completeness sake. [@ai:ShenE16 Proof of Theorem 5] \[prop:sheneiter\] Let $\Theta=\exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\phi$ be a restricted QBF. Then, there exists an ELP $\Pi$ such that $\Pi$ has a candidate world view iff $\Theta$ is satisfiable. The ELP $\Pi$ consists of the following rules: [2]{} - For each variable ${{\mathit{X}}}\in {{{\mathbf{X}}}}$: $${{\mathit{X}}}\gets {\mathbf{not}\,}\overline{{{\mathit{X}}}},$$ $$\overline{{{\mathit{X}}}} \gets {\mathbf{not}\,}{{\mathit{X}}}.$$ - For each variable ${{\mathit{Y}}}\in {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$: $${{\mathit{Y}}}\gets \neg \overline{{{\mathit{Y}}}},$$ $$\overline{{{\mathit{Y}}}} \gets \neg {{\mathit{Y}}}.$$ - For each variable ${{\mathit{Z}}}\in {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$: $${{\mathit{Z}}}\vee \overline{{{\mathit{Z}}}}.$$ - For each clause $C_i$, $0 < i \leq k$: $$U \gets L_{i,1}^, L_{i,2}^, L_{i,3}^,$$ where $^$ is an operator that converts a positive literal ${{\mathit{W}}}$ into $\overline{{{\mathit{W}}}}$, and a negative literal $\neg {{\mathit{W}}}$ into ${{\mathit{W}}}$. - For each ${{\mathit{Z}}}\in {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$: $${{\mathit{Z}}}\gets U,$$ $$\overline{{{\mathit{Z}}}} \gets U.$$ - And, finally, the rule $$V \gets {\mathbf{not}\,}V, {\mathbf{not}\,}\neg U.$$ ELP $\Pi$ has a (candidate) world view iff $\exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\, \phi$ is satisfiable [@ai:ShenE16]. We now show a more general reduction that also works for the non-restricted case. To this end, we will combine the [@ai:ShenE16] reduction with our own reduction of QBF formulas to restricted QBF formulas. To achieve our goal, we are going to introduce one new atom $v_i$ in each clause $C_i$ and $\forall$-quantify these new atoms together with the ${{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$ atoms. Given a QBF $\Theta = \exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\phi$ with $\phi$ being constructed as in Definition \[def:qbf\], let its extension, denoted $\Theta^\uparrow$, be the QBF $$\Theta^\uparrow = \exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall ({{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\cup {{\mathbf{V}}}) \exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\phi'$$ where $$\phi' = \bigwedge_{i=1}^k \left( v_i \lor \bigvee_{j=0}^{k_i}{L_{i,j}} \right)$$ and ${{\mathbf{V}}} = \{v_1, \ldots, v_k\}$ is a list of fresh atoms. It is easy to see that any extension $\Theta^\uparrow$ of a QBF $\Theta$ is a restricted QBF. Let $\Theta$ be a QBF. Its extension $\Theta^\uparrow$ is a restricted QBF. We will now show that validity-equivalence between a QBF and its extension is preserved. For the proof, we establish the following terminology: given a subset of atoms $\sigma \subseteq {{\mathbf{S}}}$, we define its out-set $\overline{\sigma} = \{\neg a \mid a \in {{\mathbf{S}}} \setminus \sigma\}$ and its literal-set $\widehat{\sigma} = \sigma \cup \overline{\sigma}$. \[prop:validityequivalence\] $\Theta$ and $\Theta^\uparrow$ are validity-equivalent. ($\Rightarrow$) Assume $\Theta$ is valid, i.e. there exists an interpretation $\sigma_X \subseteq {{{\mathbf{X}}}}$, such that for any interpretation $\sigma_Y \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$ there exists an interpretation $\sigma_Z \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$ such that $(\widehat{\sigma_X} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Y} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Z}) \cap C_i \neq \emptyset$ for all $i \in \{1, \ldots, k\}$. By monotonicity of non-emptiness of set intersections, also $(\widehat{\sigma_X} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Y} \cup \widehat{\sigma_V} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Z}) \cap (C_i \cup \{v_i\})\neq \emptyset$ for any interpretation $\sigma_V \subseteq {{\mathbf{V}}}$ of a list of new atoms ${{\mathbf{V}}} = \{ v_1, \ldots, v_k \}$. But this is proof of the validity of $\Theta^\uparrow$. ($\Leftarrow$) For the other direction, assume $\Theta^\uparrow$ is valid, i.e. there exists an interpretation $\sigma_X \subseteq {{{\mathbf{X}}}}$ such that for any interpretations $\sigma_Y \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$ and $\sigma_V \subseteq {{\mathbf{V}}}$ there exists an interpretation $\sigma_Z \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$ such that $(\widehat{\sigma_X} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Y} \cup \widehat{\sigma_V} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Z}) \cap (C_i \cup \{v_i\}) \neq \emptyset$ for all $i \in \{1, \ldots, k\}$. By setting $\sigma_V = \emptyset$, we especially get that there exists an interpretation $\sigma_X \subseteq {{{\mathbf{X}}}}$ such that for any interpretation $\sigma_Y \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$ there exists an interpretation $\sigma_Z \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$ such that $(\widehat{\sigma_X} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Y} \
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This indicates that differences in data collection did not lead to systematic differences in effect estimates. Preterm birth, low birth weight, and childhood asthma outcomes {#sec2.3} -------------------------------------------------------------- Results from the 2-stage meta-analysis focused on the associations of preterm birth and low birth weight with childhood asthma outcomes are shown in [Fig 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}. Compared with term-born children, preterm-born children had an increased risk of preschool wheezing (pOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.43) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.67; [Fig 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}, A and B). These associations were independent of birth weight. The population-attributable risk of preterm birth was 1.96% for preschool wheezing and 2.14% for school-age asthma. Compared with children with a normal birth weight, those with a low birth weight (\<2500 g) had an increased risk of preschool wheezing (pOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27; [Fig 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}, C and D). These associations were stronger without adjustment for gestational age at birth (results are shown in [Table E6](#appsec1){ref-type="sec"}). Discussion {#sec3} ========== Results from this large-scale meta-analysis of individual participants\' data suggested that younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were associated with increased risks of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma. The associations of low birth weight with childhood asthma outcomes were largely explained by gestational age at birth. The highest risk for childhood asthma outcomes was observed among children born before a gestational age of 32 weeks with high infant weight gain. Comparison with earlier studies {#sec3.1} ------------------------------- Adverse exposures in fetal and early postnatal life can lead to developmental lung adaptations, such as persistently smaller airways and impaired lung function. These developmental adaptations might predispose the patients to obstructive pulmonary diseases in childhood and adulthood.[@bib1; @bib2; @bib3] This hypothesis is supported by studies showing associations of low birth weight with an increased risk of wheezing and asthma in childhood.[@bib4; @bib5; @bib6; @bib7; @bib8; @bib9; @bib10; @bib11] Because low birth weight is correlated with gestational age at birth and infant weight gain, we aimed to disentangle the associations of both gestational age at birth, gestational age--adjusted birth weight, and infant weight gain with childhood asthma outcomes. Jaakkola et al[@bib16] performed a meta-analysis on the associations of preterm birth with asthma based on 19 published cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. They observed that preterm-born children, which were defined as those born before 37 weeks of gestation, had an increased risk of asthma between 1 and 24 years of age, with a similar effect estimate as observed in our group of 5- to 10-year-olds. They did not assess associations of birth weight with asthma outcomes. Also, Flaherman and Rutherford[@bib32] performed a meta-analysis on 12 previously published prospective and retrospective studies and suggested that children with a high weight at birth had an increased risk of asthma between 6 months and 31 years of age. They were not able to explore the role of confounders or the effect of gestational age at birth. No association of gestational age with childhood asthma was presented. Because these reports were based on published results, they might be biased and unable to take account of differences in adjustment. A recent analysis by Rzehak et al[@bib33] of 8 European cohort studies with 12,050 participants observed an increased incidence of asthma until the age of 6 years in children with a high gain of body mass index (BMI) in the first 2 years. In line with this study, we observed increased risk for wheezing and asthma in children with an increased infant weight gain. Combining childhood asthma outcomes from different age periods is not easy. Asthma is a difficult clinical diagnosis and cannot easily be diagnosed in children younger than 5 years. Many studies used asthma-related outcomes, such as wheezing and shortness of breath, as main outcomes in children. Wheezing seems to be the strongest risk factor for childhood asthma.[@bib34] Still, wheezing in different age periods might reflect different physiologic mechanisms.[@bib35] For example, wheezing in infants might reflect viral airway infections instead of asthma.[@bib35] Therefore we used both wheezing in preschool children and asthma diagnosis in school-age children as outcomes. We observed that both a younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were associated with an increased risk of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma. For both gestational age at birth and infant weight gain, we observed dose-response associations with childhood asthma outcomes. The associations were not restricted to the extremes of the distribution but present across the full range of gestational age at birth and infant weight gain. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first showing these associations within the normal ranges. Our results also suggest that the previously observed associations of low birth weight with childhood asthma were largely explained by gestational age at birth. We observed the highest risk of childhood asthma outcomes among children born before a gestational age of 32 weeks with high weight gain in infancy. Interpretation of main findings {#sec3.2} ------------------------------- Mechanisms underlying the associations of factors in early life with asthma outcomes in later childhood might include smaller airways and lungs.[@bib36] The highest rates of airway and alveolar development occur in early life, and growth and development of the airways and alveoli might continue until the age of 21 years.[@bib37; @bib38] Extremely premature-born children with respiratory distress syndrome or chronic lung disease commonly have impaired lung function in later life.[@bib39; @bib40] Follow-up studies in preterm children showed persistently lower lung volumes and reduced airway caliber in later life.[@bib40; @bib41; @bib42; @bib43; @bib44] However, these extremes do not explain our associations within the less extreme range of gestational age. Children born preterm also have higher chemokine and cytokine levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates at 1 year compared with term-born children, which suggests that preterm-born children are more responsive to proinflammatory stimuli.[@bib45] The observed associations of high infant weight gain with childhood asthma outcomes are in line with previous studies reporting associations of BMI or adiposity with asthma.[@bib33; @bib46; @bib47] These associations might be explained by immunologically active factors from adipose tissue, such as leptin.[@bib48] In mice leptin has been shown to enhance airway hyperresponsiveness, suggesting an immunomodulatory role.[@bib49] Results in human subjects are inconsistent.[@bib50; @bib51; @bib52] High infant weight gain might also have a direct mechanical effect on lung function.[@bib53] Further studies are needed to identify the developmental adaptations of the lungs and immune system that might explain the associations of preterm birth and infant weight gain with childhood asthma. Strengths and limitations {#sec3.3} ------------------------- We performed a large meta-analysis of individual participants\' data from many birth cohorts throughout Europe. We did not rely on published data, which limits any potential publication bias. The large number of participants enabled us to assess small effects and to adjust for various potential confounders. We presented results from random-effects models, which allow heterogeneity in the true effect estimates between different populations and take between-study variation into account. Another strength is that information on exposures in early life was collected from records and did not depend on long-term participant recall. Misclassification of gestational age is always possible because of the large number of pregnant women who did not know their exact gestational duration.[@bib54; @bib55] Misclassification of gestational age might have increased the number of children born postterm with a small size for gestational age and children born preterm with a large size for gestational age. Most cohorts used standardized and validated questionnaires to assess wheezing and asthma. This method is widely accepted in epidemiologic studies and reliably reflects the incidence of wheezing and asthma in children.[@bib22; @bib56] Multiple imputation has been suggested to be the preferable method to deal with missing values.[@bib57] However, we did not have additional data on patterns of missing values and were therefore unable to perform multiple imputations within cohorts. We used missing values in covariates as an additional group to prevent exclusion of noncomplete cases. No differences in results were observed between the missing as extra category and complete case analyses. In the current study we were not able to assess the effects of early growth characteristics on other objective asthma-related outcomes, such as lung function or bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Although we did take major potential confounders into account, residual confounding might still be an issue. For example, although cohorts comprised predominantly white children, we were unable to adjust for ethnicity. Also, we were unable to adjust for maternal BMI or chorioamnionitis, which might influence growth and inflammatory factors associated with childhood asthma.[@bib58; @bib59] We were not able to take BMI at the time of obtaining information on childhood asthma outcomes into account. Especially the associations of infant weight gain with childhood asthma outcomes might be explained by later adiposity. Childhood adiposity might be an intermediate in this association. Conclusions {#
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271, 2192, 11822, 17329, 342, 271, 5748, 21891, 13, 370, 34, 64, 55, 393, 9887, 5, 1884, 1253, 1549, 4231, 15, 831, 1783, 5644, 281, 253, 6452, 326, 253, 7742, 432, 253, 4177, 285, 6703, 1262, 273, 247, 966, 309, 2603, 310, 2074, 281, 326, 273, 247, 308, 308, 4411, 74, 4177, 313, 2887, 671, 1008, 737, 4196, 67, 2194, 2263, 14763, 8210, 3986, 247, 1027, 6452, 481, 6347, 13, 253, 16049, 7480, 20545, 10670, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 13, 330, 4490, 52, 13, 285, 411, 4490, 52, 403, 40184, 313, 17768, 2222, 481, 1876, 1264, 2390, 273, 638, 1253, 7265, 14, 21934, 6114, 452, 8876, 13231, 48250, 273, 370, 45, 1126, 1109, 270, 94, 187, 61, 9887, 5, 470, 15, 22, 1253, 17, 15, 25, 964, 831, 12439, 906, 310, 4516, 407, 253, 6887, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 275, 253, 10728, 10659, 15, 3824, 941, 921, 326, 966, 309, 4973, 452, 13231, 48250, 285, 3576, 9208, 1077, 2074, 281, 1110, 273, 330, 4490, 52, 285, 411, 4490, 52, 275, 253, 9005, 15, 2053, 11815, 403, 10084, 13, 984, 247, 966, 309, 2603, 943, 452, 247, 4067, 20545, 2378, 352, 556, 23035, 264, 4829, 512, 273, 697, 2457, 2280, 13, 285, 436, 20545, 943, 10343, 342, 673, 347, 253, 4177, 7274, 253, 2022, 3425, 313, 2887, 13, 323, 1650, 13, 1008, 18233, 3245, 1092, 11513, 28, 1008, 17183, 4590, 2194, 1008, 9432, 4148, 2194, 2667, 15, 854, 481, 380, 1655, 3410, 13, 2299, 13, 310, 1512, 1355, 281, 1071, 13671, 3210, 275, 2508, 15, 380, 6332, 275, 20545, 285, 3576, 3276, 403, 671, 1512, 1781, 15, 16177, 569, 342, 253, 1735, 5978, 273, 3216, 14, 3169, 49997, 588, 25369, 5645, 253, 3410, 13, 4796, 253, 6332, 13, 285, 2085, 1805, 5216, 273, 3861, 493, 8739, 25555, 3762, 15, 187, 187, 4041, 4735, 326, 44587, 966, 309, 4973, 310, 616, 2266, 25415, 14, 1282, 8295, 15, 1284, 247, 1387, 13, 966, 309, 4973, 403, 1199, 625, 2779, 281, 452, 25415, 14, 1282, 8295, 685, 330, 4490, 52, 390, 411, 4490, 52, 313, 1470, 15, 818, 481, 831, 906, 23849, 2045, 11815, 432, 6979, 941, 313, 70, 15, 72, 904, 1008, 23640, 4148, 3291, 285, 6492, 326, 966, 309, 4973, 403, 625, 2779, 281, 4446, 29335, 84, 685, 330, 4490, 52, 390, 411, 4490, 52, 313, 2887, 671, 1008, 4006, 4196, 2194, 1008, 20014, 4529, 1092, 9354, 481, 380, 6425, 34414, 273, 253, 25415, 3104, 403, 671, 4067, 275, 966, 309, 4973, 685, 275, 330, 4490, 52, 390, 411, 4490, 52, 15, 4129, 690, 1781, 6425, 34414, 778, 320, 1955, 281, 1077, 5075, 5748, 1558, 5738, 13, 253, 905, 52, 575, 2267, 696, 6425, 34414, 275, 34765, 2405, 20484, 19, 1108, 247, 966, 309, 2603, 342, 247, 11906, 38867, 11058, 3961, 1108, 403, 4067, 685, 2540, 275, 3921, 1279, 4622, 330, 4490, 52, 275, 776, 3410, 313, 2887, 30136, 337, 1253, 19, 481, 1605, 8390, 5748, 9408, 273, 776, 3410, 285, 643, 966, 309, 4973, 651, 19148, 436, 1127, 15, 187, 187, 6067, 3410, 310, 417, 1781, 2217, 281, 1071, 1880, 966, 309, 4973, 671, 452, 625, 11906, 3921, 468, 3004, 4622, 8295, 3104, 685, 330, 4490, 52, 15, 380, 8876, 388, 1202, 1637, 5, 6425, 4871, 323, 966, 309, 4973, 13, 669, 3549, 5, 5091, 17732, 13, 310, 1199, 4067, 685, 253, 8876, 6425, 4871, 323, 330, 4490, 52, 13, 669, 3549, 5, 1884, 1253, 1449, 17732, 15, 831, 3064, 310, 11467, 752, 359, 1902, 604, 966, 309, 4973, 452, 4067, 19106, 1670, 4837, 685, 330, 4490, 52, 2479, 16559, 4196, 2194, 1008, 24204, 4148, 3291, 285, 604, 253, 388, 1202, 1637, 5, 6425, 4871, 27972, 342, 1670, 4837, 2479, 9432, 2222, 62, 285, 10414, 15308, 481, 1723, 13, 253, 4294, 273, 754, 575, 42, 669, 2260, 61, 2260, 5, 22, 35432, 13, 721, 25025, 8295, 2190, 966, 309, 4973, 310, 11467, 10870, 281, 326, 2190, 330, 4490, 52, 15, 844, 2557, 247, 754, 575, 42, 8295, 4294, 273, 2456, 6, 2190, 721, 966, 309, 4973, 342, 5272, 2625, 14, 936, 14, 24946, 387, 721, 933, 17732, 13, 8988, 6, 2190, 1638, 6507, 14, 39862, 4973, 13, 285, 7251, 6, 2190, 7904, 966, 3719, 4973, 15, 1198, 1097, 8295, 3104, 13, 253, 966, 309, 3410, 310, 3164, 23539, 1411, 1355, 6425, 34414, 13, 984, 966, 309, 4973, 1293, 8295, 3104, 403, 3164, 46947, 350, 685, 4973, 342, 8295, 3104, 15, 329, 12861, 6630, 342, 247, 4067, 29528, 812, 46112, 253, 3410, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 342, 1029, 3290, 5748, 9408, 15, 2053, 941, 651, 2085, 247, 1175, 1071, 323, 3910, 275, 253, 3268, 273, 388, 1202, 1637, 5, 6425, 34414, 875, 966, 309, 4973, 285, 330, 4490, 52, 15 ]	[@har97]). Our deuterium burning sequence shifts by $\delta$ log $L \approx$ $-$0.13 for a factor of two reduction in $\rm X_D$. Our birthline then roughly coincides with that of Hartmann (1997) for $\rm X_D = 1.75 \times 10^{-5}$. With only six class I sources in our HR diagram, it is difficult for the data to favor convincingly any theoretical calculation. The 2$\sigma$ error bars are consistent with all of the tracks, even without considering uncertainties in the model input parameters. The data lie closer to the disc-accretion birthline of Hartmann (1997) and our deuterium burning sequence than either the birthline for spherical accretion or the accretion track of Mercer-Smith (1984). In all cases, changing model input parameters – such as the deuterium abundance – would allow a better match between data and the models. More rigorous comparisons thus await observational estimates of unknown quantities such as the deuterium abundance and a larger sample of class I sources with reliable spectral types and luminosities. We conclude this section with several points about the comparison of observations with model tracks. First, the distribution of class I sources about [any]{} birthline should be uniform, if the range in initial conditions is small. This dispersion should be comparable to the observational errors. In our case, 5 out of 6 class I sources fall 1–2$\sigma$ below the birthline for spherical accretion ([@sta83], 1988) and the Mercer-Smith (1984) accretion track. The data are somewhat more consistent with our deuterium burning sequence and the Hartmann (1997) birthline for an accretion rate of $10^{-5} ~ \rm M_\odot\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$. A larger sample of class I sources should distinguish between models. Second, it is important to compare the [stellar]{} component of the protostellar luminosity with the predictions of model tracks. The observed class I luminosities are the [total]{} luminosity and have not been corrected for the unknown amount of accretion luminosity. In most of the CTTS shown in Figure 8, the accretion luminosity is a small fraction – 10% to 30% – of the stellar luminosity plotted in the figure (see [@har91], 1995; [@gul98]). However, the accretion luminosity is roughly comparable to the stellar luminosity in the continuum + emission sources and is $\sim$ 100 times the stellar luminosity in FU Ori systems like L1551 IRS5 ([@har91]; [@har96]). We expect a small accretion contribution for class I sources with optical spectra similar to most CTTS, although the accretion luminosity in L1489 IRS may be large (see also [@gr96b]). The arrow in Fig. 8 indicates the displacement in log $T_{\rm eff}$ for a $\delta$ log $L$ = $-$0.1 change in the bolometric luminosity. This change moves the data closer to both the birthline for spherical accretion and our deuterium sequence and illustrates the difficulty in comparing models with current data. Third, knowledge of the deuterium abundance, and to a lesser extent the lithium abundance, is also necessary to compare observations with model predictions. The mean deuterium abundance for stars in a molecular cloud sets the location of the birthline in the HR diagram; any star-to-star scatter in the abundance spreads the birthline vertically in the HR diagram. To our knowledge, the deuterium abundance has not been measured in any pre–main-sequence star. Recent measurements indicate a factor of 3–5 scatter in the lithium abundance among nearby molecular clouds (e.g., [@kin93]; [@lee94]; [@dun96]) that could be due actual abundance differences between stars (see [@lee94]) or differences in the analysis procedures (see [@dun96] and references therein). Observations of older open clusters may also indicate considerable star-to-star differences in the rate of lithium depletion among stars with the same mass (e.g., [@ran97] and references therein). Similar spreads in the deuterium burning rate, due perhaps to star-to-star variations in accretion rate, further complicates the comparison of observations with model tracks. The sample of protostars is not currently large enough to worry about abundance variations, but the uncertainties will become more important as sample sizes increase. DISCUSSION and SUMMARY ====================== In the previous sections, we have described the first optical spectroscopic survey of class I, embedded sources in a single molecular cloud. We supplemented these data with high quality optical spectra of a representative sample of older and optically brighter T Tauri stars. The combined set of spectra show that the optical spectra of class I sources qualitatively resemble the optical spectra of T Tauri stars. Our analysis further reveals common physical properties and substantial differences between class I sources and T Tauri stars, as summarized below. Our data provide the first indication that the distribution of stellar spectral types among class I sources may not be very different from that of WTTS and CTTS. Of the five class I sources with strong optical continua, one (L1489 IRS) is a continuum + emission source, three are M-type stars, and another (04264+2433) may have an M-type central star. To the best of our knowledge, [ these are the first low mass protostars with measured optical spectral types.]{} This sample is too small for a meaningful comparison with the distribution of spectral types among more evolved pre–main-sequence stars in the cloud. We note, however, that the median spectral type for WTTS and CTTS is K7-M0 and that the frequency of continuum + emission sources is $\sim$ 5%–10% (KH95). Published observations indicate other similarities between class I sources and older pre–main-sequence stars in Taurus-Auriga. First, class I sources have the same intrinsic near-IR colors as do CTTS. Whitney (1997) show that the observed near-IR colors of class I sources can be modeled as a CTTS surrounded by an infalling envelope with an optical extinction, $A_V \approx$ 30–60 mag. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the radiation from the star and inner disc of a class I source is similar to that of a T Tauri star (see also [@gr96b]; Calvet 1997 reach a different conclusion). Second, the bolometric luminosity distributions of class I sources, CTTS, and WTTS are indistinguishable (KH95). All three groups of pre–main-sequence stars have median luminosities of $L_{\rm b} \approx$ 0.5–0.8 . This unexpected result is supported by the positions of class I sources in the HR diagram. Our data show that class I sources have luminosities and effective temperatures very similar to those of CTTS and WTTS in the cloud. These conclusions are surprising, because a class I source should have a larger luminosity once it has accreted nearly all of its final mass, and this luminosity should decline with time as the star approaches the main sequence (see, for example, [@sta83], 1988; [@pal93]; [@har97]; Fig. 8). The current sample, however, is too small to test stellar models in detail. The errors in luminosity and effective temperature are also too large. Observations with the next generation of ground-based telescopes will undoubtedly expand the sample, reduce the errors, and provide better tests of protostellar accretion theory. One feature that distinguishes class I sources is their strong forbidden-line emission. As a group, class I sources are much more likely to have forbidden-line emission than CTTS or WTTS (Fig. 7). This result confirms previous conclusions from imaging data (e.g., [@gom97]) and indicates that class I sources are more likely to drive outflows than CTTS or WTTS (see also [@bon96]; [@mor92], 1994). The equivalent widths of the forbidden lines are also larger in class I sources than in CTTS or WTTS. Although some large equivalent widths may be due to very weak optical continua, the \[S II\] equivalent widths in HH31 IRS2 – a class I source with a prominent TiO absorption band – are larger than observed in [any]{} CTTS in our sample (see Tables 1–2). Deeper optical spectra of our sample and other class I sources would clarify this point. Our sample is not large enough to test whether class I sources also have more prominent [permitted]{} emission lines than CTTS. The median H$\alpha$ equivalent width for class I sources, $\sim$ 90 Å, is much larger than the median equivalent width for CTTS, $\sim$ 30–40 Å. This difference is roughly what we expect if class I sources have larger continuum veiling than CTTS ([@cas96]; [@gre97]) and if the H$\alpha$ equivalent width correlates with veiling ([@har95] and references therein). However, the frequency of He I $\lambda\lambda$5876, 6678 emission among class I sources is roughly comparable to that among CTTS. We measure a He I emission frequency of 50% among 6 class I sources with reasonable signal-to-noise at 6000 Å, 57% among 14 flat-spectrum sources, and 65% among 46 class II sources. For both emission lines, the class I sample is probably biased against small equivalent widths, because class I sources without emission lines are probably fainter than sources with emission lines. A deeper survey with a larger telescope could enlarge the sample of class I sources with high quality optical spectra. These data would provide a good test for differences in the distribution of H$\alpha$ equivalent widths between class I sources and CTTS.
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281, 1845, 7334, 6060, 5455, 27, 15106, 64, 936, 10, 535, 50272, 26621, 64, 936, 15, 11425, 2295, 2118, 64, 4064, 187, 50274, 423, 535, 50276, 423, 187, 187, 423, 187, 34, 27633, 1342, 2761, 4962, 846, 247, 49426, 7934, 344, 574, 7270, 16780, 1066, 521, 13386, 15, 3032, 1495, 369, 9809 ]	ButtonItem.image.class.should == UIImage @screen.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem.image.should == image end it "should display some sections" do @screen.promotion_table_data.sections.should.be.kind_of(Array) end it "should have proper cell numbers" do @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:0).should == 7 @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:1).should == 2 @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:2).should == 4 @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:3).should == 3 end it "should return a UITableViewCell" do index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(1, inSection: 1) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath: index_path).should.be.kind_of UITableViewCell end it "should have a placeholder image in the last cell" do index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(1, inSection: 1) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath: index_path).imageView.should.be.kind_of UIImageView end it "should display all images properly no matter how they were initialized" do @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:2).times do \|i\| index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(i, inSection:2) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath: index_path).imageView.should.be.kind_of UIImageView # Test the corner radius on the first cell. if i == 0 @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath: index_path).imageView.layer.cornerRadius.to_f.should == 10.0 end end end it "sets the auto row height and estimated row height properly" do @screen.view.rowHeight.should == UITableViewAutomaticDimension if TestHelper.gte_ios8 @screen.view.rowHeight.should == 97 unless TestHelper.gte_ios8 @screen.view.estimatedRowHeight.should == 97 end it "sets the fixed row height properly" do screen = UpdateTestTableScreen.new screen.view.rowHeight.should == 77 screen.view.estimatedRowHeight.should == 77 end end describe 'test PM::TableScreen\'s method call order' do before do class MethodCallOrderTestTableScreen < PM::TableScreen def table_data; @table_data \|\|= []; end def on_load @table_data = [{cells: [ title: 'cell 1' ]}] update_table_data end end end it 'should not raise error at load view' do proc { @screen = MethodCallOrderTestTableScreen.new }.should.not.raise(NoMethodError) end end describe "test PM::TableScreen's updating functionality" do it 'should update the table data when update_table_data is called' do @screen = UpdateTestTableScreen.new @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:0).should == 0 @screen.make_more_cells # We made them, but they shouldn't be in the table yet. @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:0).should == 0 @screen.update_table_data @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:0).should == 2 end end describe "test PM::TableScreen's moving cells functionality" do before do UIView.animationsEnabled = false @screen = TestTableScreen.new @screen.on_load end it "should allow the table screen to enter editing mode" do @screen.isEditing.should == false @screen.edit_mode(enabled:true, animated:false) @screen.isEditing.should == true end it "should use a convenience method to see if the table is editing" do @screen.isEditing.should == @screen.edit_mode? @screen.edit_mode(enabled:true, animated:false) @screen.isEditing.should == @screen.edit_mode? end it "should toggle editing mode" do @screen.edit_mode?.should == false @screen.toggle_edit_mode(false) @screen.edit_mode?.should == true @screen.toggle_edit_mode(false) @screen.edit_mode?.should == false end it "should return true for cells that are moveable" do # Index path with :moveable = true index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:4) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, canMoveRowAtIndexPath: index_path).should == true # Index path with no :moveable set index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(2, inSection:4) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, canMoveRowAtIndexPath: index_path).should == false # Index path with :moveable = false index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(4, inSection:4) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, canMoveRowAtIndexPath: index_path).should == false end it "should rearrange the data object when a cell is moved" do move_from = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:4) move_to = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(2, inSection:4) @screen.promotion_table_data.section(4)[:cells].map{\|c\| c[:title]}.should == [ 'Cell 1', 'Cell 2', 'Cell 3', 'Cell 4', 'Cell 5' ] @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, moveRowAtIndexPath:move_from, toIndexPath:move_to) @screen.promotion_table_data.section(4)[:cells].map{\|c\| c[:title]}.should == [ 'Cell 2', 'Cell 3', 'Cell 1', 'Cell 4', 'Cell 5' ] end it "should call :cell_moved when moving a cell" do move_from = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:4) move_to = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(2, inSection:4) @screen.cell_was_moved.nil?.should == true @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, moveRowAtIndexPath:move_from, toIndexPath:move_to) @screen.cell_was_moved.is_a?(Hash).should == true cell = @screen.cell_was_moved cell[:paths][:from].should == move_from cell[:paths][:to].should == move_to cell[:cell][:title].should == "Cell 1" end it "should allow cells to move to other sections" do move_from = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(1, inSection:4) move_to = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:3) moving_to = @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, targetIndexPathForMoveFromRowAtIndexPath:move_from, toProposedIndexPath:move_to) moving_to.should == move_to end it "should not allow cells to move to other sections" do move_from = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:4) move_to = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:3) moving_to = @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, targetIndexPathForMoveFromRowAtIndexPath:move_from, toProposedIndexPath:move_to) moving_to.should == move_from end end end A fisherman almost died after a Dover sole he had caught jumped down his throat. His life was saved
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Near the end of the video, the skies turn dark and it begins to rain, and the band performs in the downpour until the end of the song, where the rain stops and the camera pans away from the tower, showing the wasteland where Shinoda had rapped in is now a lush Greenland. During the rain the statues on the tower begin to move. A strange-looking whale can be seen flying around the large statue during most of the video, specifically at the end of the video. The whale in the video was Joe Hahn's idea. He has been quoted as saying, "It's not like I pulled it out of my ass; it made sense to me." The reasoning behind its inclusion is still unknown. The whale could be identified as a "space whale" which takes the concept that life (or time) is too short for one to absorb all its mass surroundings. Although there is a keyboard loop in this song, the video does not show Mike, who is a pianist in the group, or anyone else playing a keyboard in any scene of the video. However, Joe Hahn is shown using a MIDI pad to emulate the piano loop at the end. When I listen to the lyrics of this song the word ‘failure’ comes to mind. Few things in the universe are black and white, yet much of our language reads as if they are. This song signifies a paradigm in which all subtlety is lost. When we regard life as something we’ve failed @, we lose our ability to see the truth, which is no doubt considerably more complex. In addition, we hurt ourselves. @ Some point, the word will NOT be SO loaded with the weight of negativity, and as the song says, ‘in the end it doesn’t really matter,’ this simply refers to life NOT going according to OUR plans. So when you hear the lyrics of this song, know that you are under the influence of an outmoded way of perceiving the world.5 Reasons You Should Be Using Facebook Targeted Ads for E-Commerce By: Craig Lillard E-Commerce Entrepreneur & Facebook Ads Expert WHEN ADWORDS WAS KING In 2001, I started my first e-commerce site. We sold DVDs and I used software called MIVA Merchant. Back then, Google had just unleashed Adwords a year earlier and I am proud to say I was one of the early adopters. Adwords was very new and was an unbelievably cheap way to get traffic and sales. Back then we spent around 5 cents a click for Adwords. Over the past 15 years, I have used Adwords extensively in 2 more successful e-commerce ventures, one of them having close to a million digital products. Times have changed of course, and now Adwords is up to $2 to $50+ a click depending upon the vertical. In the past, if I was starting a new e-commerce site, Adwords would be my go to traffic building method. I can pretty confidently say that today, and in most cases, Adwords would NOT be my first stop. I am not discounting Adwords or saying I would NOT use it. Adwords definitely still has it’s place, but Facebook, in my humble opinion, is a more affordable choice to get things off the ground. However, Facebook is DEFINITELY a different animal than Adwords and many have been completely turned away from Facebook as an advertising tool because they tried to use it like it was Adwords. Facebook definitely requires a level of finesses that Adwords does NOT. However, this also gives you an advantage as it is a bit more complicated to be successful with Facebook and your competition are less likely to be using it correctly than Adwords. FACEBOOK IN YOUR QUIVER MEANS UNTAPPED GREATNESS While many people still depend on Adwords for traffic and sales, the advertising opportunity provided by Facebook has barely been touched by a huge portion of the internet. I believe this is because Facebook’s ad platform started out poorly and therefore, many people have an incorrect understanding of what Facebook can do for their business, especially their e-commerce business. SO much has changed with Facebook’s advertising system in the past few years, that it is almost critical to have Facebook’s targeting as a tool in your marketing and advertising quiver!! So, let’s get to the 5 reasons we think so! THE 5 KEY REASONS YOUR E-COMMERCE SITE SHOULD BE USING FACEBOOK ADS NOW! So, let’s get to the nitty gritty folks. What are the 5 reasons your e-commerce site should be on Facebook now? Targeting, Targeting, Targeting Never before has it been so easy to target your EXACT clientele. Whether you need to target based on income, gender, interests, job type, employer and on and on…. Facebook has done something no one else has. They have allowed you to reach the exact person you want to reach and they have made it so darn granular! I am constantly amazed at how deeply you are able to target and when you start mixing targeting methods it just gets crazier. I was working with a client recently who sells “Maintenance, Repair and Operations” products. He literally said, “I don’t think our customers are on Facebook.” So, I did my own search and not only was it possible to find people interested in Maintenance, Repair and Operations (MRO) it was possible to target people who actually had PURCHASED MRO products! In fact, there are 418,600 people that buy MRO related products!! This is a huge audience! So, yes indeedy we targeted that exact audience with a few other location based tweaks and saw a stellar 4% click through rate on a very vanilla test branding campaign. Images and Photos Facebook has made it easy for you to engage your target audience with video and photos. While Google has display ads, they are nothing like the sponsored post format that Facebook offers allowing you to ENGAGE with your target audience with not just images, but video, comments, shares and likes. Plus Facebook is constantly innovating with NEW ways to display content and ads that are unique and give you the opportunity to be different and stand out from your competition. Once example of this is the new Canvas option which is a mobile specific ad platform that allows for a unique swiping experience. Low Prices Because Facebook’s ad system is relatively new, prices are still so darn low. If your ad is relevant, you can see prices around 10 cents a click or even all the way down to 1 cent! Facebook provides the BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCK! PLUS the more relevant your ad is to your audience, the lower the cost will be. HOWEVER, this simply won’t last forever. Currently, Facebook’s ad system is quite unused comparatively. Adwords on the other hand is quite overused and inflation & competition over the years has driven Adwords prices up. (Way up…) Facebook is still ground floor which is a beautiful place to be. Re-Marketing & The Facebook Pixel Facebook’s re-marketing system allows you to connect with people that have taken certain actions on your website, from adding products to a cart (but not buying them) to viewing a specific product. Then, based on these actions, you can market the ideal ad copy to those interested consumers. The Facebook “Pixel” (a piece of code you put on various pages on your site) allows you to track and then re-market to those interested in your products. Love it… Lack of Competition The final reason you need to be utilizing Facebook ads is the simple lack of competition. It’s one of the reasons Google’s Adwords was so amazing in the early years. Low prices were great, but low prices PLUS lack of competition was even better. While pricing was low Consistently, I talk to people who are in business, but have no clue what Facebook’s targeting system is or what it can do. There is SO MUCH opportunity out there and very few are utilizing it. (And, by the way, if you are reading this, you have proven that Facebook ads work.) You see, to me, Facebook ads are NOW in the same position Google Ads were in 2001. NEW and very unused. That won’t last forever, but be assured, it was a beautiful time then and it’s a beautiful time now. CONCLUSION So, I wrote this post because I am excited about the possibilities for e-commerce. I love E-commerce. As someone who has built multiple digital and tangible product e-commerce sites and grown them almost exclusively with digital traffic, I love finding new, better, unique and more affordable ways to grow businesses. So, E-Commercers…. Has your curiosity been piqued? Want to know more? I put together a PDF that explains in more detail the 5 Ways to Dominate Your E-Commerce Competition With Facebook Targeting. It’s a PDF you can download RIGHT NOW! I go into a bit more details concerning these unique and stellar ways Facebook has given us to get more customers, but SPECIFICALLY related to E-Commerce! Facebook targeting/marketing has built in several stellar features specifically for e-commerce sites. We have put together a PDF that outlines our 5 favorite e-commerce Facebook hacks that help you focus on increasing your SALES using Facebook targeting, NOT just running ads that don’t do anything.Bona malis paria non sunt
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help me boot normally? <gabriel> how do you mesure bandwith in linux= <unforcer> miq, there is thread in ubuntu forum for acer aspire 5024.. I just cannot find it <_frank> vitriol: and if you want any 32 bit games to run (basically every game), you need to set them up in the chroot. <apprentice> is there a way for x to autoprobe for devices plz <_frank> vitriol: what is gadmin? <CookedGryphon> dubnium: cos i already have the source and a sloooow internet connection <Lamb_of_God> washi: why cant you? <dubnium> i see <vitriol> _frank: i have no clue...i just know that as i watch top, it freezes my computer by eating the cpu <Nathanial> hi when I put a blank CD into my CD burner, CD/DVD Creator comes up, is there a way to burn audio CD's with this? <washi> The computer crashed an i cannot boot properly since then <vitriol> _frank: it's something that runs in gnome <washi> the fs is mounted read only <raven3x7> carajean206, what do you mean nothing happens? did you change you xorg.conf? <Lamb_of_God> washi: explain deeper plz <vitriol> _frank: if you do ps x \| grep gadmin you'll see it running if you're in gnome <washi> i ran fsck from a live cd <wjesusaxl> I have an error when I try to compile center icq configure: error: installation or configuration problem: C compiler cannot create executables <_frank> vitriol: i don't run gnome. did you try killing that program? <Lamb_of_God> washi: what crashed? why did it crash? <washi> then when i reboot i get fsck failed <vitriol> _frank: yes i did <vitriol> _frank: then everything froze :) <vitriol> _frank: everytime i rebooted and tried it again, i get the same result * vitriol might need to search bugzilla <CookedGryphon> how can you uninstall summat that u've compiled from source n "make install"ed <CookedGryphon> ? <Lamb_of_God> washi: CookedGryphon rm all of it <washi> Lamb_of_God : my friend pressed the power button to turn the pc off after it froze <wjesusaxl> I've installed centericq already.. but I had problems with MSN protocol.. and I installed it with MSN ... I just fixed my repositories and I want to redo everything again <Nathanial> Does anybody know if you can burn audio CD's with CD/DVD recorder? <wjesusaxl> how can I uninstall centericq? <Lamb_of_God> CookedGryphon rm all of it <washi> i don't get it <Lamb_of_God> washi: so you cant start up ubuntu at all? <wjesusaxl> I downloaded the code and installed it... <wjesusaxl> no apt-get <unforcer> miq, found it http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=46853 <alex__> can someone tell me how to kill properly the esd process ? ps -fA \|grep esd does not find it <CookedGryphon> rm all of it, that's a bit messy int it? <apprentice> how can i reconfigure my X <CookedGryphon> what if its put stuff somewhere n i haven't noticed <alex__> 'esd <alex__> !esd <ubotu> [esd] Enlightened Sound Daemon. By using a sound server to access your sound device, multiple applications can connect to the server at once and all make noise simultaneously. <Lamb_of_God> CookedGryphon: not if you do it right <_frank> CookedGryphon: that's why I use checkinstall instead of make <raven3x7> carajean206 ? <_frank> CookedGryphon: that's why I use checkinstall instead of make install <washi> Lamb_of_God : when i do i get a root console <washi> Lamb_of_God : i cannot umount the root fs to fsck it <washi> Lamb_of_God : the root fs is mounted ro <_frank> CookedGryphon: do a locate program name, it should find pretty much all the files it installed <washi> that's why it doesn't boot normally <Lamb_of_God> washi: try the "exit" command then login <Lamb_of_God> that should get you to runlevel 2 <unforcer> miq, there is someone saying "As said, kernel 2.6.11-1 from Universe fixes the DMA on the harddisk"" <washi> Lamb_of_God : just did exit <CookedGryphon> I may have solved the problem by su ing... i hadn't noticed, that's y it couldn't remove the files it was tryign to copy itself over <Lamb_of_God> washi: did it bring you to a login screen? <washi> Lamb_of_God : yes <unforcer> how can I update kernel to 2.6.11-1? <Lamb_of_God> washi: ok are you logged in? <washi> Lamb_of_God : i can't <Lamb_of_God> washi: why? <washi> Lamb_of_God : error while loading shared libraries <Lamb_of_God> weird <filip_> how can i setup an ftp-server? <washi> Lamb_of_God : libpam.so.0 <carajean206> ok guys how to quit x in order to install the new nvidia driver? <Lamb_of_God> carajean206: sudo shutdown now <raven3x7> carajean206, yes <washi> Lamb_of_God : cannot open shared object file <carajean206> also is there a kernal i should install before i do this <raven3x7> Lamb_of_God, huh? <miq> unforcer: i don't know how to do it the "ubuntu"-way <washi> Lamb_of_God : No such file or directory <Lamb_of_God> washi: idk from here sorry <washi> Lamb_of_God : ? <raven3x7> carajean206, sudo killall gdm <Lamb_of_God> raven3x7: to shutdown X you sudo shutdown now <Lamb_of_God> washi: i dont know from here sorry <carajean206> ok now the kernal prob? <washi> Lamb_of_God : thank you anyway <Lamb_of_God> washi: good luck <raven3x7> Lamb_of_God, i guess you;re right <Lamb_of_God> raven3x7: i know <washi> Lamb_of_God : do you think IRC will help me ? <alive> test ... 1.2.3 <raven3x7> carajean206, no <alive> works good // <justaguy> (clears throat) <miq> unforcer: well, my synaptic tells me, that there is a 2.6.11 kernel image available <miq> you could try installing that <Lamb_of_God> washi: no idea, there is bound to be someone sometime that knows howto <raven3x7> Lamb_of_God, i just had killall gdm in mind <unforcer> miq, well I am running 2.6.10-5 old? <washi> Lamb_of_God : ok <Lamb_of_God> raven3x7: well its better then what most ppl say ctrl+alt+bckspc <karim__> hi installed mplayer-g4 on power pc but there is no binary ! <raven3x7> carajean206, you need the headers though so sudo apt-get install build
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264, 253, 2111, 273, 19160, 457, 84, 4560, 273, 3480, 273, 7571, 15, 496, 697, 4104, 3061, 281, 572, 1225, 13, 313, 783, 1072, 534, 12165, 253, 2111, 457, 84, 22567, 327, 31378, 7571, 34510, 10, 352, 11106, 330, 14, 27267, 16, 1012, 29538, 13, 275, 534, 253, 330, 43, 30476, 2918, 326, 4327, 273, 1302, 34510, 403, 417 ]	the isocyanate, the carbon dioxide concentration is reduced by the mixing in the ratio of the mixing components. Until it mixes with the isocyanate, the polyol containing carbon dioxide, injected into the mixing chamber, is at a pressure below the equilibrium solution pressure of carbon dioxide in isocyanate for a sufficient time to form stable bubble nuclei. In other words it is supersaturated with carbon dioxide. The typical period required to form stable bubble nuclei, i.e. bubble nuclei whose diameter is sufficient for the surface tension to prevent their tendency to redissolve, is 10xe2x88x924 to 10xe2x88x922 sec. If the first pressure reduction takes place after the polyol and isocyanate have been mixed, care must be taken to ensure that the pressure is below the equilibrium solution pressure for a sufficient length of time. This can be achieved with appropriately designed Laval nozzles. After the first expansion the pressure should be as close as possible to the equilibrium solution pressure of the dissolved carbon dioxide in the polyol/isocyanate mixture, i.e. not sufficiently above the equilibrium solution pressure to allow the bubble nuclei to redissolve and not sufficiently below the equilibrium solution pressure to allow the bubble nuclei to grow to bubble sizes that tend to coagulate. Preferably, the equilibrium solution pressure should be exceeded by less than a pressure difference xcex94p of 0.5/t bar, where t is the time in seconds that elapses between the first and second pressure reductions. The time required between the first pressure reduction and the second pressure reduction is determined by the volume of apparatus (mixing chamber and pipelines) between the first and second pressure-reducing devices and the throughput of polyol/polyisocyanate mixture. This time is typically 0.5 to 6 seconds, preferably 2 to 4 seconds. The amount by which the pressure falls below the equilibrium solution pressure between the first and second pressure reductions should preferably be less than 5%, particularly preferably less than 3% and very particularly preferably less than 2% of the equilibrium solution pressure. In this case the bubble nucleus diameters remain well below 100 xcexcm, even when an equilibrium is adjusted, so that there is substantially no coagulation of bubble nuclei. Accordingly, for a polyol/isocyanate mixture which contains 4 parts by weight of carbon dioxide to 100 parts by weight of polyol and whose equilibrium solution pressure is about 5 bar, the pressure should typically be less than 0.1 bar above or below the equilibrium solution pressure. Variations arise from the different solubility of carbon dioxide in different qualities of raw materials and from specific apparatus conditions. Accordingly, an essential feature of the present invention is sensitive adjustment and maintenance of the pressure of the polyol/isocyanate mixture between the first and second pressure reductions. This can be achieved in a number of ways: One possibility consists in maintaining the equilibrium solution pressure via the pressure-reducing device for the first pressure reduction. Another possibility is to adjust the mass fluxes of the components so that, for given apparatus conditions, the equilibrium solution pressure is assured between the first and second pressure reductions. The equilibrium solution pressure is preferably assured by using a pressure-reducing device of variable pressure-maintaining capacity for the second pressure reduction. The invention also provides a pressure-maintaining device for the foaming of polyol/polyisocyanate mixtures containing carbon dioxide dissolved under pressure, and optionally containing fillers, said device comprising, at a housing outlet transverse to the direction of flow of the mixture, two parallel perforated plates whose separation is adjustable between 0.1 and 0.3 mm and which have the following features: the perforated plates have a uniform perforation grid of constant pitch, the two grids being offset by half a period relative to one another, the hole density of the downstream perforated plate is 1.5 and 5 per cm2, the free cross-sectional area of the upstream perforated plate is between 1.5 and 4%, based on the total cross-section of the perforated plates, and the free cross-sectional area of the downstream perforated plate is between 10 and 30%, based on the total cross-section of the perforated plates. The pressure-maintaining device is preferably formed of two perforated plates, each of which has a trilateral or quadrilateral perforation grid. Also, the pressure-maintaining device is preferably formed of an upstream perforated plate with a hexagonal perforation grid and a downstream perforated plate with a triangular grid, the hole density of the upstream perforated plate therefore being twice that of the downstream perforated plate. xe2x80x9cUpstreamxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cdownstreamxe2x80x9d relate to the separation gap between the perforated plates. Particularly preferably, the through-holes in the downstream perforated plate are conically enlarged in the direction of flow, especially in such a way that the outlet of the perforated plate, i.e. the underside of the plate, is formed of sharp edges so that no voids are formed in the flow.Simultaneous administration of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine with booster doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and poliovirus vaccines. The safety and efficacy of simultaneous administration of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), and trivalent oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccines in a test group of 405 children were compared with the safety and efficacy of sequential administration of the same vaccines in a control group of 410 children given MMR followed by booster doses of DTP and OPV 2 months later. The study was double blind and placebo controlled with respect to DTP and OPV. Seroconversion rates to measles, mumps, and rubella exceeded 96% in both groups. Geometric mean titers to measles (P = .05) and rubella (P = .004) were higher in the test group, and titers of antibodies to the other seven antigens were similar in both groups. Clinical reaction data were analyzed in 248 of 405 test children and 249 of 410 control children. The rates of serious vaccine-associated reactions were low and similar in the two groups. Some minor side effects were reported more frequently in the test group, but these differences were judged to be related to study design rather than to differences in the safety of the two vaccine schedules. The results indicate that the safety and serologic efficacy of administering MMR simultaneously with reinforcing doses of DTP and OPV in the second year of life is equivalent to the safety and efficacy observed after administering these antigens separately.My review of Wahl AG’s Opinion gives readers necessary detail on C-595/17 Apple v eBizcuss. In 2012 eBizcuss started suing Apple for alleged anti-competitive behaviour, arguing Apple systematically favours its own, vertically integrated distribution network. Can choice of court in their original contract cover the action (meaning the French courts would not have jurisdiction). The Court says it can, both for Article 101 TFEU (cartels) and for 102 TFEU actions (abuse of dominant position), but particularly for the latter. In both cases the final say rests with the national courts who are best placed to appreciate the choice of court provisions in their entire context. For Article 101 TFEU actions, the window is a narrow one (at 28: ‘the anti‑competitive conduct covered by Article 101 TFEU, namely an unlawful cartel, is in principle not directly linked to the contractual relationship between a member of that cartel and a third party which is affected by the cartel’). For Article 102 TFEU, as noted by other, it is wider (‘the anti‑competitive conduct covered by Article 102 TFEU, namely the abuse of a dominant position, can materialise in contractual relations that an undertaking in a dominant position establishes and by means of contractual terms’). The overall context of appreciation is that of predictability: at 29 (referring to CDC): ‘in the context of an action based on Article 102 TFEU, taking account of a jurisdiction clause that refers to a contract and ‘the corresponding relationship’ cannot be regarded as surprising one of the parties.’ Those of us who are familiar with the issue of multilingualism and international courts, will enjoy the discussion of contractual terms in Wahl AG’s Opinion in C-595/17 Apple v eBizcuss. Not only does the issue entre around the precise implications of the wording of a choice of court provision. The Opinion (not yet available in English) also highlights the difficulty of translating the original English of the contractual term, into the languages at the Court. Current litigation is a continuation of the earlier spats between Apple and eBizcuss, which led to the Cour de Cassation’s 2015 reversed stance on the validity of unilateral choice of court – which I discussed at the time. The 2002 Apple Authorized Reseller Agreement (in fact the 2005 version which applied after continuation of the contract) included a governing law and choice of court clause reading „This Agreement and the corresponding relationship between the parties shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Ireland and the parties shall submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Republic of Ireland. Apple reserves the right to institute proceedings against Reseller in the courts having jurisdiction in the place where Reseller has its seat or in any jurisdiction where a harm to Apple is occurring.” (emphasis added) The Cour de Cassation had rebuked the Court of Appeal’s finding of lack of jurisdiction. In its 2015 decision to quash, (the same which qualified the Court’s stance on unilateral jurisdiction clauses) it cited C-352/13 CDC, in which the CJEU held that choice of court clauses are not
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6886, 186, 338, 9, 256, 2387, 996, 186, 92, 988, 186, 338, 9, 256, 1168, 3281, 1082, 2387, 988, 186, 92, 2657, 186, 11, 84, 7079, 346, 1040, 36417, 988, 186, 94, 988 ]	#include "Gaffer/BoxIn.h" #include "Gaffer/BoxOut.h" #include "Gaffer/Context.h" #include "Gaffer/Dot.h" #include "Gaffer/Node.h" #include "Gaffer/Plug.h" #include "Gaffer/Switch.h" #include "GafferBindings/PlugBinding.h" #include "GafferBindings/MetadataBinding.h" using namespace boost::python; using namespace IECore; using namespace GafferBindings; using namespace Gaffer; namespace { bool shouldSerialiseInput( const Plug plug, const Serialisation &serialisation ) { if( !plug->getInput() ) { return false; } if( auto parent = plug->parent<Plug>() ) { if( parent->getInput() && parent != serialisation.parent() ) { // Parent plug's input will have been serialised, so a serialisation // for the child would be redundant. return false; } } if( !plug->getFlags( Plug::Serialisable ) ) { // Removing the Serialisable flag is a common way of // disabling serialisation of a `setInput()` call, but // it has problems : // // - Plug flags get propagated round by `Plug::createCounterpart()`, // often in an unwanted fashion. Our goal should be to remove // them entirely. // - It's too blunt an instrument. It disables all serialisation // for the plug, including any metadata that has been registered. return false; } // Because of the problems with using Plug::Serialisable, it seems we // need a mechanism for a node to say whether or not an input needs to // be serialised. Options might include : // // 1. Adding a `virtual bool Node::serialiseInput( const Plug ) const` // method that can be overridden by subclasses. This would be pretty // convenient, but it would blur the separation between the Gaffer // and GafferBindings libraries. Maybe we can justify this because it's // not actually a dependency on Python, and doesn't know anything about // the serialisation format. In other words, maybe it's OK for a node // to know _what_ needs to be serialised, as long as it doesn't know // _how_. It seems that if we had similar `bool GraphComponent::serialiseChild()` // and `bool GraphComponent::serialiseChildConstructor()` methods, we // could actually ditch a fair proportion of custom serialisers, which // might be nice. // // 2. Adding a `virtual bool NodeSerialiser::serialiseInput( const Plug * )` // method, and finding the registered serialiser for the node in `postHierarchy()` // below. This is purer, but probably a bit more of a faff in practice. // // 3. Coming up with a sensible rule that doesn't require more API. Perhaps // we only need to serialise internal connections if they come from a // child node which itself is serialised? It sure would be nice to simplify // all this serialisation logic, and if a simple rule allows us to avoid // greater complexity, that would be great. // // In lieu of a decision on this, for now we just hardcode the end result // we want, which is to omit serialisation for the internal connections of // the nodes below... if( auto boxIn = runTimeCast<const BoxIn>( plug->node() ) ) { if( plug == boxIn->plug() ) { return false; } } else if( runTimeCast<const BoxOut>( plug->node() ) ) { if( plug->getName() == "__out" ) { return false; } } else if( auto dot = runTimeCast<const Dot>( plug->node() ) ) { if( plug == dot->outPlug() ) { return false; } } else if( auto sw = runTimeCast<const Switch>( plug->node() ) ) { if( plug == sw->outPlug() ) { return false; } } return true; } const IECore::InternedString g_includeParentPlugMetadata( "plugSerialiser:includeParentPlugMetadata" ); } // namespace void PlugSerialiser::moduleDependencies( const Gaffer::GraphComponent graphComponent, std::set<std::string> &modules, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { Serialiser::moduleDependencies( graphComponent, modules, serialisation ); metadataModuleDependencies( static_cast<const Plug >( graphComponent ), modules ); } std::string PlugSerialiser::constructor( const Gaffer::GraphComponent graphComponent, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { return repr( static_cast<const Plug >( graphComponent ) ); } std::string PlugSerialiser::postHierarchy( const Gaffer::GraphComponent graphComponent, const std::string &identifier, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { const Plug plug = static_cast<const Plug >( graphComponent ); std::string result = Serialiser::postHierarchy( graphComponent, identifier, serialisation ); if( shouldSerialiseInput( plug, serialisation ) ) { std::string inputIdentifier = serialisation.identifier( plug->getInput() ); if( inputIdentifier.size() ) { result += identifier + ".setInput( " + inputIdentifier + " )\n"; } } bool shouldSerialiseMetadata = true; if( plug->node() == serialisation.parent() ) { shouldSerialiseMetadata = Context::current()->get<bool>( g_includeParentPlugMetadata, true ); } if( shouldSerialiseMetadata ) { result += metadataSerialisation( plug, identifier ); } return result; } bool PlugSerialiser::childNeedsSerialisation( const Gaffer::GraphComponent child, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { // cast is safe because of constraints maintained by Plug::acceptsChild(). const Plug childPlug = static_cast<const Plug >( child ); return childPlug->getFlags( Plug::Serialisable ); } bool PlugSerialiser::childNeedsConstruction( const Gaffer::GraphComponent child, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { // cast is safe because of constraints maintained by Plug::acceptsChild(). const Plug childPlug = static_cast<const Plug >( child ); return childPlug->getFlags( Plug::Dynamic \| Plug::Serialisable ); } std::string PlugSerialiser::directionRepr( Plug::Direction direction ) { switch( direction ) { case Plug::In : return "Gaffer.Plug.Direction.In"; case Plug::Out : return "Gaffer.Plug.Direction.Out"; default : return "Gaffer.Plug.Direction.Invalid"; } } std::string PlugSerialiser::flagsRepr( unsigned flags ) { static const Plug::Flags values[] = { Plug::Dynamic, Plug::Serialisable, Plug::AcceptsInputs, Plug::Cacheable, Plug::AcceptsDependencyCycles, Plug::None }; static const char names[] = { "Dynamic", "Serialisable", "AcceptsInputs", "Cacheable", "AcceptsDependencyCycles", nullptr }; int defaultButOffCount = 0; std::string defaultButOff; std::string nonDefaultButOn; for( int i=0; names[i]; i++ ) { std::string s = nullptr; if( flags & values[i] ) { if( !(values[i] & Plug::Default) ) { s = &nonDefaultButOn; } } else { if( values[i] & Plug::Default ) { s = &defaultButOff; defaultButOffCount += 1; } } if( s ) { if( s->size() ) { s += " \| "; }
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3394, 15, 1737, 434, 326, 1694, 281, 513, 342, 3684, 5791, 4693, 32, 6089, 253, 8068, 3394, 497, 271, 17006, 323, 253, 5889, 273, 253, 8530, 30177, 49689, 686, 510, 4410, 29565, 1383, 285, 352, 369, 3542, 327, 253, 6194, 281, 1457, 10547, 15, 1780, 4297, 1598, 642, 643, 4498, 3542, 12171, 556, 644, 29502, 407, 625, 952, 428, 1690, 273, 2282, 387, 253, 990, 273, 15702, 7021, 27691, 15, 733, 310, 247, 4498, 326, 556, 35846, 264, 9506 ]	high on the site' (Newshopper, 17 May 2005 includes blurry photo of Pete as Nelson). I found this old Deptford TV film of him at the weekend and stuck it up on youtube. It was made in 2007 by Gopi Sastri, Ellie Walton and Salim A. Syed and features Pete talking about regeneration - 'this so-called regeneration process has been grinding across Deptford for the last 20 years'. Update: - funeral details: Pete Pope will be cremated on Friday 15th June at 10:45 am in Hither Green Cemetery. There will be a bike ride from there back to the Dog and Bell in Deptford in his honour where there will be a wake. On Sunday the 24th June friends will be gathering in the Birds Nest Deptford from mid afternoon to process with his ASHES to Halfpenny Hatch bridge astride Deptford Creek around 4 30 pm to sprinkle him over the out going high tide , and then returning to the pub to celebrate one of Deptfords finest. All welcome' . Friday, May 11, 2012 I love Nick Drake, so was very excited when I stumbled across a series of photographs purporting to be of him in New Cross. They were taken in 1970 by Keith Morris (1938-2005 - obituary here) as part of the shoot for the Bryter Later album. The caption says: 'Taken high above New Cross and overlooking the industrialised Thames estuary'. Only trouble is you can't see the river from New Cross, and there aren't any hills by the river in Deptford either. So where were these pictures taken? Presumably somewhere in SE London, maybe more Charlton/Woolwich way or even further East? Update Sunday 12th May: debate in comments and on twitter has swung between the location being Maryon Park in Charlton and the churchyard of St Mary Magdelene in Woolwich. I think the former now looks more likely, specifically the area of the park known as Cox's Mount/Gilbert's Pit above the railway tunnel. Clincher for me is this 2010 picture taken from there by Stephen Craven showing what is now the Industrial Estate in Charlton down below. Also somebody who used to live in the houses in Woolwich Road next to the park reckons they are the houses shown. Compare also this 1905 picture from Ideal Homes - 'New Charlton and Charlton Vale from Cox's Mount, Maryon Park. The typical "School Board for London" school on the right is Maryon Park School, opened in 1896 and now part of Greenwich Community College. The road running towards the river is Hardens Manor Way with the "Lads of the Village" public house about half way down on the left. This pub is now called the "Thames Barrier Arms", named after the Thames flood barrier (opened 1983) which crosses the river at the left of the picture. The large factory on the riverside is Siemens Brothers Telegraph Works.Behind the factory can be seen the masts of the "Warspite", a training ship for boys run by the Marine Society': So why did the photographer choose this location? I wonder whether there's a connection with Blow-Up? Michelangelo Antonioni's 1966 film famously used the park for key locations. The central character in the film is a photographer loosely based on David Bailey. And in the mid 1960s Nick Drake photographer Keith Morris served an apprenticeship with Bailey - he would certainly have been aware of the film, wonder whether his involvement went any further? Thursday, May 10, 2012 Today saw civil servants, health workers and other public sector workers taking action against deteriorating pensions - changes which can be summed up as 'pay more, work longer, get less'. It wasn't as big an event as the strike last November which also included teachers, local government workers and university staff, but nevertheless up to 400,000 people are estimated to have taken action. I came across pickets at Kings hospital in Camberwell (pictured) and the Equalities and Human Rights Commission in Tooley St SE1; I gather there were also people out at Lewisham College, Catford Job Centre, the Kaleidoscope child development centre (Rushey Green Road) and no doubt many other places in SE London. A demonstration headed into central London from St Thomas' Hospital. Elsewhere in a not entirely unrelated protest up to 30,000 police officers marched against cuts - police sergeant tweeter Rob Jackson reported last night that 'Over 100 Lewisham officers will join other Met Colleagues for the March against police cuts'. Hardened strikers and protesters with experience of being pushed around by the police can be forgiven some schadenfreude, and may not feel inclined to rush to support them. But whether we like them or not, we shouldn't lose sight of the political significance of the police marching against the policies of a Conservative government on the same day as other public sector workers. It sometimes feel sthat we are living through a re-run of the 1980s. The Thatcher Government of that period destroyed industries, threw millions on to the dole and ruthlessly deployed its forces against opposition. But however much it was hated by many, it also maintained its domination by winning the active support of parts of the population including many working class and middle class people who felt their living standards were rising. The police were obvious beneficiaries, but they weren't the only ones. The difference this time round is that there is virtually no 'positive buy in' to the Government. Hardly anybody feels that they are better off, the most the Government can rely on is a widespread despair about alternatives and fuelling a brooding resentment against 'better off' public sector workers. Even it were true that public sector pensions are better all round (they are for some, but not for everybody), making them worse won't help people working in the private sector. In fact the worse conditions are for public sector workers, the less private sector employers will have to do to compete and attract staff - so conditions are likely to deteriorate all round. (if you've got any other South London strike/protest news, please comment) Wednesday, May 09, 2012 Gangs are not a new phenomenon. In his book Gangs of London (2010), Brian McDonald mentions numerous South London teenage gangs from the 1950s: Balham Boys, Brixton Boys, Bermondsey Boys, Borough Boys, Rotherhithe Boys, the Elephant and Castle Boys, Wandsworth Boys, Lambeth Boys (yes it was a bit of a boy thing!). Then, as now, there was sometimes violent conflict between gangs - in 1953 for instance a gang fight on Clapham Common led to the death of 17 year old John Beckley. New Cross Boys According to McDonald, 'perhaps the largest of London's 1950s teenage gangs, the New Cross Boys... roamed from Canal Bridge to Deptford, causing mayhem at Millwall Football Ground, youth clubs, cinemas and dance halls. The only noted puncher among them was Freddie 'Ginger' Simmonds, who gave a creditable performance in a stand up fist fight with future gangster Eddie Richardson. This occurred on a snow-filled pavement outside the Trocadero cinema at Elephant and Castle, after a snow ball fight got out of hand... In a clash with rivals from Peckham's Goose Green, over 200 teenage youths fought running battles over a period of three days in 1956'. In another of his books, Elephant Boys, McDonald mentions a fight involving the New Cross Boys in the New Cross House pub. Deptford Red Hands He also mentions 'An earlier Deptford gang, the Red Hands, so named for the red armband that identified members, came unstuck in 1926 when one of their team was stabbed to death after attacking a rival Rotherhithe Boy. William Shillibeer, aged fourteen, was convicted of the manslaughter of thirteen-year old Albert Hannah'. This case was discussed in Parliament after the trial in March 1927, with Frederick Pethick-Lawrence MP asking 'the Home Secretary whether his attention has been drawn to the remarks made by Mr. Justice Acton in the trial of William Arthur Edward Shillibeer, of Rotherhithe, at the Central Criminal Court, for murder, to the effect that it was quite clear that he was in the first instance wantonly and gratuitously insulted and provoked by a gang of boys gathered together for such purposes, and afterwards assailed by a number of those boys, who gave every indication of an intention to act together in attacking and doing violence upon him'. Monday, May 07, 2012 As you enjoy your May Day bank holiday lie-in, spare a thought for the people who brought you not only this holiday, but also the weekend and a working day of 8 hours or less. The Monday after the First of May was first declared a bank holiday by the Labour government in 1975, but the celebration of May Day as a workers holiday goes back to the international campaign by the workers movement for an eight hour working day in the 1880s. In 1886, clashes between police and strikers during a May Day strike in Chicago left dead on both sides. Despite an international campaign protesting their innocence, four anarchists were hanged for their part in the events. What's that got to do with South East London? Well the Chicago events were an inspiration for the composition of the famous socialist anthem 'The Red Flag', and it was written on the train to New Cross. Arguably no other song written locally has been sung by more people - including of course at the end of Labour Party conferences. It is a song that has soundtracked moments
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Forgiveness is a dance, a rhythm of receiving and giving. We can’t do one without the other; the dance is both or neither. Lord have mercy on me: this week, may you feel the embrace, the kiss of Christ in your life. May the forgiveness and new life he offers overflow like a wine glass poured too full until you have no choice but to share it. by Rev. James Eaton, Pastor – Copyright 2017 14th Sunday After Pentecost/A • September 10, 2017 Hear the sermon preached by clicking below One of the big issues in my life is that I lose stuff. Do you find this? Keys, cellphone, little things: I misplace them. Last week on my boat I lost my phone. The boat is a small area. I knew the phone was there somewhere. Half an hour later, I resorted to begging a dock worker to call me so I could find it. I lose things all the time. Now if you lose things too, you can feel the problem of the people to whom Matthew is speaking in today’s scripture reading. He’s writing to a group of Jewish Christians about fifty years or so after Jesus left his earthly ministry and here’s their problem: they’ve lost Jesus. Where Is Jesus? How do you find Jesus? Where is he? How can we get him back? How can they find the assurance that he is present? How can they talk to him, walk with him, hear him. Where do you go to find Jesus? What are the directions that will allow us to come see Jesus? The classic way to deal with this is simple: you make a statue of Jesus and hang him on the wall. All great Roman Catholic cathedrals have these; European art museums are full of pictures of Jesus, hanging there, easy to find. Of course, the problem is you have to go there to find him; that’s not much help if you want him with you, walking with you, where you are. Another solution is just to make up a picture of Jesus. That’s what prosperity gospel preachers like Joel Osteen do. They give people a picture of someone with all the problems solved and tell them well that’s Jesus, be like him. They live like rich people which in our culture looks like living successfully. Their problem, of course, is that it isn’t Jesus they are portraying, it’s just living like a rich guy. But how do you find the real Jesus? This scripture lesson is all about finding Jesus, it’s a sign that says, “Come see Jesus.” Listening to it is like reading a map, like someone saying, “Come see Jesus, he’s over here.” “…where two or three are gathered in my name, I am there among them. (Matt 18:20). I know you’ve heard this saying of Jesus before; it’s frequently quoted, especially by Congregationalists. I wonder if we’ve really taken it seriously enough. Every time you and a friend get together and treat each other like Jesus treats people, every time you have compassion on a stranger the way Jesus has compassion on strangers, every time you treat someone like a child of God, the way Jesus treats everyone as a child of God—there he is. Every time we gather here in his name to worship, here he is. Every time one of our Boards or committees gets together and thinks about how to help people in his name, there he is. “…where two or three are gathered in my name, I am there…,” he says. Every time I visit with one of you in the hospital and we pray, there he is. All it takes is two or three of us, gathering in his name, for him to appear. So where do you go to find Jesus? The answer is specific: you go to others. And one sure place is to the gathered congregation of his followers. One of the jobs of pastors is to listen to excuses for not going to church. I learned early not to tell people on airplanes I’m a pastor, for example, because they would tell me why they didn’t go to church last Sunday. High on the list of excuses is, “I find God in nature.” Sometimes nature means the golf course, sometimes another place. And, of course, we’ve all felt the stirring of inspiration seeing God’s creation. Sometimes that may work; often that is inspiring. But it’s a chancy thing. If you want to be sure Jesus will come along, if you want to be sure about finding Jesus, you need a congregation, you need two or three or more other followers. The second thing it’s important to notice here is the number required. Jewish scribes had settled on ten men as the minimum number to get God to be present. The book of Genesis records a wonderful conversation between Abraham and the Lord. The Lord is angry at Sodom and decides to wipe them out. Abraham asks whether the Lord will wipe out the righteous with the sinners. Abraham asks if 50 righteous people would be enough; God agrees 50 would be plenty. Abraham goes for 40; God says ok, 40 is enough. Finally, Abraham gets the Lord down to ten: ten righteous men will be enough to stop the destruction. From this, Rabbis deduced the requirement that ten righteous men are needed. Now Jesus reduces this. Notice that he doesn’t specify gender: it’s not just men, it’s any followers of Jesus, and it only takes two or three. This is the foundation for our church order. Where some believe that it requires a whole structure of bishops and officers to constitute a church, Congregationalists believe it only takes a congregation, meeting in covenant for worship. How big a congregation?—two or three. So if you want to see Jesus, come to the congregation; where faithful followers gather, he promises presence. The verse before this makes it clear: “whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.” The reason is that what we are doing is what Jesus is doing: we are literally the body of Christ in the world because he is present here with us, in us. Christ is present here and this is our destination: to go where he is, to be with him, to walk with him. But it’s not enough to have a destination, you also need directions on how to get there. Navigation can be tricky. When I’m sailing, I write down the buoys I’ll pass, the courses to take. I still make mistakes. Last week, I was coming back from a little cove and I suddenly realized I’d misread one of the buoys that marked a big shoal and I was about to run aground; I had to change direction fast to be safe. What are the directions to Jesus? The directions are in the part just before his statement about presence. One of the issues the early church faced is what to do about people who hurt each other in the church. So here it is, laid out in detail: first you tell them they hurt you—-you say ouch!-—and if they repent, you forgive them. If that doesn’t work, you get some other folks to mediate between you, and when they repent, you forgive them. And if that doesn’t work, you get the whole congregation involved and if they repent, you forgive them. Finally, if even that doesn’t work, you treat them like outsiders; in other words, following Jesus, you give them special love and care. Now if you listened closely to these directions, you heard the same word over and over: “you forgive them.” The directions to Jesus are to forgive; the directions from Jesus are to forgive. The first step on the way to Jesus is forgiving others and accepting forgiveness ourselves. Nelson Mandela was a young lawyer leading a revolution in South Africa when he was arrested in 1962. Beaten, imprisoned, he might easily have become hardened and bitter. Instead, he let the love of God bloom in his heart. He learned to forgive. In 1990, after 27 years, he was finally freed. Desmond Tutu, a bishop in South Africa said this. Before Nelson Mandela was arrested in 1962, he was an angry, relatively young man. He founded the ANC’s military wing. When he was released, he surprised everyone because he was talking about reconciliation and forgiveness and not about revenge. Mandela became the first President of a new South Africa. Many had predicted a racial civil war. Thanks to his efforts and example of forgiveness, his nation sought instead reconciliation and became a model for this. It’s no accident that this section on forgiveness is connected to encountering Jesus: forgiveness is the path to gathering in his name, to his presence. For the next few Sundays, we’re going to think about this theme, see what Jesus says, imagine what it means to live out forgiveness in our daily lives. Perhaps in your life, there is someone you need to forgive; perhaps you need to seek someone’s forgiveness. Perhaps you need to feel God’s forgiveness. The farther we walk on the path to forgiveness, in our prayer life, in our daily life, the closer we come to Jesus. “Come see Jesus”, is the gospel invitation: come see him here, come see him in the light of the forgiving love he shares and that we share in his name.Q: Why isn't this if statement working? I'm forking, and executing a
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11307, 1411, 779, 285, 521, 3347, 611, 435, 74, 275 ]	obtain the possession of Blue Ridge Springs and otherwise benefit financially if he could get Mrs. Hastings out of the way. On the night of Sunday, 24 August 1934, defendant left Blue Ridge Springs, Va., in his automobile, for Washington, D. C., taking Mrs. Hastings with him. On the morning of Wednesday, 27 August 1934, the body of Mrs. Hastings was found lying on the side of the highway near Stroudsburg, Penn. She had been shot through the head with a pistol, and had been dead several days. Defendant's counsel contended, as here, that he cannot be convicted under the statute because the evidence fails to show that any force or restraint was used by defendant in taking Mrs. Hastings with him. Defendant's counsel further contended the evidence fails to show there was any intent on defendant's part to extort money or pecuniary benefit. The Court in a per curiam opinion in affirming the judgment below said: "After careful consideration of the record, we think the evidence shows that the accused took Mrs. Hastings with him under such circumstances as amount to fraud and coercion on his part, and for the purpose of pecuniary benefit, and the same is therefore sufficient to sustain a conviction under the statute." It would seem from the evidence stated in the opinion, and from the contention of defendant's counsel, that there was no forcible taking, although the opinion states that: "We think the evidence shows that the accused took Mrs. Hastings with him under such circumstances as amount to fraud and coercion on his part." However that may be, it would appear that the Virginia Court considered that the false and fraudulent 124 representations of defendant amounted substantially to a coercion of the will of Mrs. Hastings, and that the consent of Mrs. Hastings having been obtained by the fraud of defendant is, in truth, no consent at all. From our investigation it appears that all of our states have enacted statutes in respect to the offense of kidnapping. There is such a variance in the language of these statutes, enlarging the common law concept of the crime, and especially in not making its existence dependent on any interstate, or taking out of the country, element, that it seems impossible to give a generally valid definition of kidnapping which would apply to all the states. "However, it may be said as a general proposition that * * the gravamen of kidnapping is the taking or detention of a person against his will and without lawful authority. In other words, it is an unlawful interference with the freedom of the person kidnapped." 1 Am.Jur. 2d, Abduction and Kidnapping, sec. 2. See also ibid., sec. 11. The elements of the crime of kidnapping are necessarily dependent on the wording of the statute in the particular state, and authority cited from the states must be read in connection with the statute of the particular state. State v. Croatt, 227 Minn. 185, 34 N.W.2d 716. Under our present kidnapping statute, G.S. § 14-39, a person is guilty of kidnapping (1) if he kidnaps or causes to be kidnapped any human being, or (2) if he demands a ransom of any person, firm or corporation, male or female, to be paid on account of kidnapping, or (3) if he holds any human being for ransom. There is a proviso in the statute not applicable here. According to the authorities we have cited, the crime of kidnapping by its very nature cannot ordinarily be committed by an act to which a person, being capable in law of consenting, consents in a legally valid manner. But where false and fraudulent representations or fraud amounting substantially to a coercion of the will of the kidnapped person are used as a substitute for force in effecting kidnapping, there is, in truth and in law, no consent at all on the part of the victim. In brief, under those circumstances the law has long considered fraud and violence as the same in the kidnapping of a person. Considering the commonly accepted meaning of the word "kidnap," and its special legal meaning, and considering the object of our statute, and the manifest meaning of the law-making body to secure the personal liberty of the citizen, and the language used in our cases above quoted, it is our opinion, and we so hold, that the word "kidnap" as used in G.S. § 14-39 means the unlawful taking and carrying away of a person by force or fraud and against his will, or the unlawful seizure and dentention of a person by force or fraud and against his will. The expression used in State v. Witherington, supra, quoted above, may be an obiter dictum as contended by defendant, but it is a correct statement of law in this jurisdiction in respect to the meaning of the word "kidnap" as used in G.S. § 14-39, and this is true even though G.S. § 14-39 omits the words "forcibly or fraudulently" used in C.S. § 4221. To construe the word "kidnap" as used in G.S. § 14-39 as applying only to a forcible taking, as contended by defendant, is too narrow a construction, and in many instances would make G.S. § 14-39 practically useless. In the present case there was no actual confinement or dentention of Elaine Saunders, nor any actual force used by defendant. She consented to go with defendant in his automobile, and baby-sit, as defendant said, with his two girls because his mother had a sprained ankle and couldn't get around, and voluntarily left her home with him in his automobile for that lawful and innocent purpose. But the evidence for the State permits the legitimate inference that she did not consent to go with him in his automobile out on a dirt road in *125 another county for some other purpose, and that she would not have gone with him at all, except for his false representations and fraud in saying that he wanted her to go and baby-sit for his two girls, which representations were untrue in fact, and defendant knew them to be untrue when he made them, that such representations were reasonably calculated to deceive Elaine Saunders taking into consideration the nature of the representations, and her age and education, that such representations were made by defendant with intent to deceive her so that he could carry her off in his automobile for some indecent or immoral purpose, and did in fact deceive her and cause her to leave with him. And further, the evidence for the State permits the reasonable inference that the false representations and fraud of defendant amounted substantially to a coercion of the will of Elaine Saunders, and that the consent of Elaine Saunders to leave her home in defendant's autombile having been obtained by the false representations and fraud of defendant was, in truth, no consent at all and that her leaving her home with defendant was in fact against her will. The evidence for the State, considered in the light most favorable to it, State v. Kelly, 243 N.C. 177, 90 S.E.2d 241, is sufficient to carry the case to the jury on the charge in the indictment, and the trial judge was correct in denying defendant's motion for judgment of nonsuit made at the close of all the evidence. Defendant assigns as error parts of the charge on the ground that the trial court instructed the jury that the "taking and carrying away a human being by fraud constitutes the offense of kidnapping." His argument in his brief on these assignments of error is incorporated in, and is the same as, his argument in his brief that the court erred in denying his motion for judgment of nonsuit. The parts of the charge assailed by these assignments of error are in substantial, if not in exact, compliance with the law in respect to kidnapping effected by fraud, as we have stated it above, and are overruled. Defendant also assigns as error that the court in its charge limited the jury to returning one of two verdicts: Guilty as charged in the indictment, or Not Guilty. Defendant contends that the court should have instructed the jury that they could return one of three verdicts: Guilty as charged in the indictment, or Guilty of an assault on a female, or Not Guilty. There is no evidence here of threatening words or violence menaced, nor is there any overt act or an attempt, with force and violence, to do physical injury to Elaine Saunders. This Court said in State v. Ingram, 237 N.C. 197, 74 S.E.2d 532: "So that it seems well settled that in order to constitute the criminal offense of assault there must be an overt act or an attempt, or the unequivocal appearance of an attempt, with force and violence, to do some immediate physical injury to the person of another." There is no evidence in the case tending to show that defendant committed an assault on Elaine Saunders, and, therefore, the court properly did not instruct the jury that they could return a verdict of Guilty of an assault on a female, but correctly instructed them that they could return one of two verdicts, as set forth above. State v. Jones, 249 N.C. 134, 105 S.E.2d 513; State v. Brown, 227 N.C. 383, 42 S.E.2d 402. The only other assignment of error is to the judgment, which is overruled. In the trial below we find No error. BOBBITT, J., concurs in result. HIGGINS and RODMAN, JJ., dissent. Allegations 'crazy mixture of falsehoods, conjectures': Chidambaram New Delhi, Sep 25 (IANS) Former Finance Minister P Chidambaram on Monday lashed out at the Enforcement Directorate saying its allegations against him and his son Karti in
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1626, 3968, 64, 1157, 854, 13, 1884, 13, 5910, 28, 388, 25406, 13, 795, 2302, 7612, 951, 3856, 64, 1157, 25098, 13, 23917, 13, 24521, 15 ]	otism_. 28. 28. Balch, _A Patriotic Primer_ ; O'Leary, _To Die For_ , chaps. 9 and 10, 192. 29. 29. Goldstein, _Saving "Old Glory,"_ 93–94; O'Leary, _To Die For_ , 244. 30. 30. Canaday, _Straight State_ , 19–20. 31. 31. Peiss, _Cheap Amusements_ , 165, 178; Kunzel, _Fallen Women, Problem Girls_. 32. 32. O'Hare, _In Prison_ , 12. 33. 33. Bristow, _Making Men Moral_ , 221–29. 34. 34. Brandt, _No Magic Bullet_ , 59; Bristow, _Making Men Moral_ , 130; Canaday, _Straight State_ , 60–61, 64–65. 35. 35. Dietzler, _Detention Houses and Reformatories_ , 3, 4, 11, 69, 74. 36. 36. Falconer, "Segregation of Delinquent Women," 161, 165, 166. 37. 37. Bristow, _Making Men Moral_ , 119. 38. 38. Brandt, _No Magic Bullet_ , 74, 88. 39. 39. McGirr, _War on Alcohol_ , xiv, 69, 71. 40. 40. Dwight D. Eisenhower, "Executive Order 10450," April 27, 1953, 18 FR 2489, 3 CFR, 1949–1953 Comp., 936; D'Emilio, _Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities_ , 40–52; Gebhard and Johnson, _Kinsey Data_ , 591; Duberman, _Cures_ , 20. 41. 41. Platt, _Bloodlines_. 42. 42. Ibid., 60–65. 43. 43. Kühl, _Nazi Connection_ ; Platt, _Bloodlines_ , 59, 61. 44. 44. Platt, _Bloodlines_ , 59, 61, 125, 135; Popenoe and Johnson, _Applied Eugenics_ , 284–85, 319. 45. 45. Popenoe and Johnson, _Applied Eugenics_ , 301. 46. 46. Amy LaPan and Tony Platt, "'To Stem the Tide of Degeneracy,'" in Kirk, _Mental Disorders in the Social Environment_ , 139–64; Kunzel, _Fallen Women_ , 44, 54; Walkowitz, "Making of a Feminine Professional Identity"; Addams, _A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil_ , 131. 47. 47. A. Stern, _Eugenic Nation_ , 100, 102; Kline, _Building a Better Race_ ; Ordover, _American Eugenics_. 48. 48. Blue, _Doing Time in the Depression_ ; Blue, "Strange Career of Leo Stanley"; Nourse, _In Reckless Hands_ ; Buck v. Bell, 247 U.S. 200, 207 (1927); Skinner v. Oklahoma ex rel. Williamson, 316 U.S. 535, 541 (1942). 49. 49. J. H. Dodge to E. S. Gosney, July 26, 1926, box 16.5, Gosney Papers; Paul Popenoe to John Randolph Haynes, March 14, 1930, box 77, Human Betterment Foundation folder, Haynes Papers; John Randolph Haynes, "Millions of Human Beings," box 84, insanity folder, ca. 1918, Haynes Papers; John Randolph Haynes Foundation, "John Randolph Haynes," http://www.haynesfoundation.org/about/index.asp. 50. 50. Novak et al., _Ethnic Bias_ ; Chávez-García, _States of Delinquency_ , 136; Molina, _Fit to Be Citizens?_ , 146–49. 51. 51. Chávez-García, _States of Delinquency_ , 63–68, 71–72; Terman, _The Measurement of Intelligence_ , 92. 52. 52. Kline, _Building a Better Race_ ; Ordover, _American Eugenics_. 53. 53. Briggs, _Reproducing Empire_ , 102, 143; A. Davis, "Racism, Birth Control, and Reproductive Rights," in _Women, Race, and Class_ , 202–21; Ordover, _American Eugenics_ , 161–78. 54. 54. Woodside, _Sterilization in North Carolina_ , xiv, 163; Ordover, _American Eugenics_ , 165; Begos et al., _Against Their Will_ , 1. 55. 55. Begos et al., _Against Their Will_ , 9. 56. 56. Ibid., 12–13. 57. 57. Ibid., 3, 71–72, 95. 58. 58. L. Gordon, _Moral Property of Women_ ; Black Panther Intercommunal News Service, "Sterilization: Another Part of the Plan of Black Genocide," _Black Panther_ , May 8, 1971, 15; Ordover, _American Eugenics_ , 153. 59. 59. A. Stern, "Sterilized in the Name of Public Health"; Corey G. Johnson, "Female Inmates Sterilized in California Prisons Without Approval," _Center for Investigative_ _Reporting_ , July 7, 2013, http://cironline.org/reports/female-inmates-sterilized-california-prisons-without-approval-4917; Alexandra Minna Stern and Tony Platt, "Sterilization Abuse in State Prisons: Time to Break with California's Long Eugenic Patterns," _Huffington Post_ , July 23, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alex-stern/sterilization-california-prisons_b_3631287.html. 60. 60. Herrnstein and Murray, _Bell Curve_ , 532–33, 551. 61. 61. Wilson, "Rediscovery of Character," 3; Steele, "New Sovereignty," 54; Himmelfarb, _On Looking into the Abyss_ , 43; Bennett, _Index of Leading Cultural Indicators_ , 12; Olasky, _Tragedy of American Compassion_ , 1, 9, 16. 62. 62. Roosevelt, "Memorial Day Address"; Donald J. Trump, "The Inaugural Address," January 20, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/inaugural-address; O'Leary, _To Die For_ , chap. 12; Trump, _Time to Get Tough_ , 107, 110, 113, 114, 137, 149, 150. 63. 63. Trump, _America We Deserve_ , 29, 94, 99; Liz Goodwin, "A 1990s Mugging and the Roots of Donald Trump's Hardline Criminal Justice Views," _Yahoo News_ , May 25, 2016, https://www.yahoo.com/news/1990s-mugging-roots-donald-trump-000000780.html; Yamiche Alcindor, "In Trump Tweets, Blacks Perceive a Callous Rival," _New York Times,_ January 16, 2017; Donald J. Trump, "Bring Back the Death Penalty," advertisement in four New York newspapers, May 1, 1989; Trump, "Inaugural Address." 64. 64. Robert E. Moffit, Edwin Meese III, and Patrick F. Fagan, "Crime: Turning the Tide in America," in Butler and Holmes, _Issues '98_ , 236. 7. RADICAL VISIONS 1. 1. Jack London, "'Pinched,'" in H. Franklin, _Prison Writing in 20th-Century America_ , 49; Debs, _Walls and Bars_ , 91. 2. 2. Bhabha, _Nation and Narration_ , 4; P. Levi, _Drowned and the Saved_ , 29. 3. 3. Paul Goodman, introduction to Berkman, _Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist_ , iii; Braly, _False Starts_ , 47. 4. 4. Debs, _Walls and Bars_ , 49; A. Walker, _In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens_ , 240. 5. 5. Reed, _Life and Adventures of a Haunted Convict_ , xvii, 217–18. 6. 6. Suvak, _Memoirs of American Prisons_ ; Morris, _Jailhouse Journalism_. 7. 7. H. Franklin, _Prison Literature in America_ , xxx; B. Jackson, _Wake Up Dead Man_ , 2; H. Franklin, _Prison Writing in 20th-Century America_ , 8, 30, 34; Haley, _No Mercy Here_ , 213, 215, 216.
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5481, 273, 436, 1375, 407, 253, 35890, 985, 15, 496, 253, 1083, 273, 411 ]	03049]\]. However, due to a variety of interfering factors \[[@B15-sensors-20-03049],[@B16-sensors-20-03049],[@B17-sensors-20-03049]\], the weighing error in WIM systems can amount to from 5% to 10% and, what is worse, this can change while the system is in operation \[[@B18-sensors-20-03049]\]. We have written about this topic previously, demonstrating that the main causes of the instability of the system are changes in pavement temperature and the speed of the weighed vehicle \[[@B17-sensors-20-03049]\]. The low precision of weighing and its variability mean that WIM systems cannot be used for direct mass enforcement. We are convinced that the currently state of technology does, however, make it possible to construct a WIM system which will meet the requirements set for direct enforcement systems, i.e., where the vehicle weighing error will be maintained over a long period of time at the level of 2%--3%. The climate conditions in which WIM systems operate are subject to change both on a daily scale and over the course of the seasons \[[@B19-sensors-20-03049],[@B20-sensors-20-03049],[@B21-sensors-20-03049]\]. We discovered that the factors which most impact the precision of weighing in WIM systems are pavement quality and temperature, vehicle speed, wind speed and direction, and the state of the vehicle's suspension \[[@B16-sensors-20-03049],[@B17-sensors-20-03049],[@B22-sensors-20-03049]\]. The subject of previous research of the authors was primarily the influence of temperature and speed. The load sensors tested were polymer, quartz and bending plate sensors. The tests were carried out in the scope of temperature changes from −10 °C to +30 °C. In the case of polymer sensors, this resulted in a change in weighing result of 50%, for quartz sensors by 7% and for bending plate sensors by 7% \[[@B16-sensors-20-03049]\]. Sensitivity of these sensors to the change of speed of the weighed vehicle is different. For polymer sensors, a speed change in the range from 50 km/h to 90 km/h changes the weighing result by \~10%, for quartz sensors by \~4%--5% and for bending plate sensors by \~2% \[[@B17-sensors-20-03049],[@B23-sensors-20-03049]\]. Studies on the impact of wind direction and power are at an early stage and do not yet allow drawing reliable conclusions. The unevenness of the surface also has a significant impact on weighing accuracy. However, it is limited by formulating requirements that must be met by the road surface at the WIM installation site. As can be seen from the characteristics that we developed, which are presented in [Figure 1](#sensors-20-03049-f001){ref-type="fig"}, in the climate conditions which prevail in Poland, in the summer months the daily temperature fluctuation may cause a weighing error of as much as 10%. This phenomenon is observed regardless of the technology used for the manufacture of the axle load sensors. For obvious reasons, this variability in the precision of weighing is unacceptable for enforcement systems. Unfortunately, such variability in precision cannot be eliminated using traditional, periodic methods of calibration of WIM systems, as these changes take place too quickly. A solution for this problem was first proposed by Stanczyk \[[@B24-sensors-20-03049]\], who introduced the so-called algorithm of autocalibration of WIM systems. This was further developed and improved by one of the authors of this paper, Burnos, and the results of his research were published in 2012 \[[@B25-sensors-20-03049]\]. Although autocalibration is currently widely used in WIM systems, it does not deliver sufficient weighing precision to satisfy the requirements for enforcement systems. A symptom of malfunctioning of implemented autocalibration algorithms is sensitivity of weighing results to changes in temperature above all. Observing this phenomenon was an inspiration for us to undertake this research. For this reason, in this paper we propose an innovative approach to the construction of an autocalibration algorithm by optimisation of algorithm parameters for the specific environmental conditions which prevail at a given WIM site. The results of our simulation and experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the solution proposed. The aim of our studies was the quantitative definition of the impact of the parameters of the autocalibration algorithm, the uncertainty of reference value, and of the usage conditions of such a WIM system on vehicle weighing precision which is obtained after optimising algorithm parameters. The results and conclusions presented in this work allow the development of a solution that can significantly reduce the sensitivity of weighing results to slowly changing influencing factors. The paper is organized as follows. In [Section 2](#sec2-sensors-20-03049){ref-type="sec"}, we present the models of the usage conditions that were assumed for the purposes of the simulation studies. In [Section 3](#sec3-sensors-20-03049){ref-type="sec"}, we describe the autocalibration algorithm which we propose. [Section 4](#sec4-sensors-20-03049){ref-type="sec"} contains a discussion of the simulation studies which we conducted using the accepted models. In [Section 5](#sec5-sensors-20-03049){ref-type="sec"}, we present the results of our experimental studies conducted at an in-road site, which confirm the results formulated previously on the basis of the simulation studies. In the conclusion, we present the basic formulations which result from the studies we conducted. 2. Models of Usage Conditions of WIM Systems {#sec2-sensors-20-03049} ============================================ We conducted simulation studies of the autocalibration algorithm of WIM systems for established environmental conditions. As the factor which has the greatest impact on changes in precision of weighing in WIM systems is fluctuation of the pavement temperature, it was chosen for the interfering quantity of the measurement. Usage conditions of the WIM system are thus defined by the sensitivity of load sensors to temperature change. Temperature variability in the pavement observed in Polish climate conditions is illustrated by the exemplary characteristics shown in [Figure 2](#sensors-20-03049-f002){ref-type="fig"}. As it can be seen, in the summer months the daily change in temperature exceeds 20 °C, or even greater. The range of temperature fluctuation in the scale of the year is substantial and can sometimes exceed 70 °C. In the model, which we adopted for the purposes of the simulation studies, we assumed that the daily temperature change of the pavement displays a periodic series Ta as shown in Equation (1). Model (1) is simplified compared to the characteristics shown in [Figure 2](#sensors-20-03049-f002){ref-type="fig"}. It allows, however, to easily change the frequency and range of temperature changes in subsequent simulation experiments. It also allows simulation of the WIM system operating conditions much more critical than it results from the characteristics presented in [Figure 2](#sensors-20-03049-f002){ref-type="fig"}. The rest of the paper presents the results of tests analogous to simulation tests, but carried out for experimental data in accordance with [Figure 2](#sensors-20-03049-f002){ref-type="fig"}. The results of these tests confirmed the conclusions formulated based on simulation tests. Arbitrarily set values of these coefficients correspond to the average working conditions of the WIM system, i.e., the period of temperature change equal to 24 h, the range of its changes 0 °C--20 °C, the average value 10 °C. They were changed in subsequent simulation experiments. $$T_{a} = T_{0} + A_{temp}\sin{({2\pi tf_{temp}})},$$ where: f~temp~ = 1---frequency of temperature change \[cycles/24h\], A~temp~ = 10---amplitude of temperature change \[°C\], T~0~ = 10---constant component \[°C\], t---time \[h\]. The relation of load sensor sensitivity C~t~ to temperature depends on the sensor technology ([Figure 1](#sensors-20-03049-f001){ref-type="fig"}). As shown in our previous studies \[[@B16-sensors-20-03049]\] on polymer piezoelectric sensors mounted in asphalt pavements, this relation is described by model (2). Model coefficients (2) were determined as a result of approximation of the experimental temperature characteristic, which describes the dependence of weighing error on temperature. The tests were conducted in the range of temperature (−10 °C--+25 °C). The model coefficients k~t~ w~t~ and b~t~ depend on the type and composition of the material from which the road surface is made. $$C_{t} = b_{t} + k_{t} \cdot 10^{wt \cdot {({Ta - 10})}}$$ where k~t~ = 0.4659, w~t~ = 0.0098\[1⁄°C\], b~t~ = 0.5199, T~a~---current pavement temperature value. 3. Autocalibration Algorithm {#sec3-sensors-20-03049} ============================ The idea of autocalibration of WIM systems involves the adjustment of the static characteristic of the system so as to obtain a correct measurement value for a known reference quantity. For this idea to be implemented, a known reference value must be periodically excited the calibrated system together with simultaneous and automatic detection of this state by the calibrated system. In the case of W
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187, 510, 6680, 323, 253, 473, 506, 914, 33065, 187, 187, 25, 187, 187, 43, 4641, 16, 1036, 187, 187, 510, 1387, 12860, 896, 281, 23500, 504, 743 ]	like “added the official, who asked to remain anonymous because he was not authorised to speak to the media. However, it is not clear if Riyadh and Tehran are willing to accept Pakistan as a mediator.” . If someone wants to be anonymous then any information he is providing is as good or authentic as opinion of barber down the street.Recommend Pakistan is clearly fooling its citizens by not revealing the content of the talks behind closed doors or the kind of deal struck to be a partner of this coalition. Saudi FM and DM have not come to Pakistan to ask for advise on diffusing the crisis between it and Iran, they have come to cement some deal worked out much earlier between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The Truth will get exposed sooner or later and cause a lot of embarrassment. Recommend Culturally, Pakistan is closer to Iran (mainly because Saudi does not really have a culture) but diplomatically Pakistan has always been in Saudi’s bed. Something tells me this tension diffusion gig ain’t gonna work, and as another poster indicated, something else is on the agenda.Recommend Good Relations should prevail, There are more Pakistanis in UAE who have lost their jobs in the past 1 year than any other nationality. Jobs possessed by Pakistanis previously are now being given to Philippine Nationals, and there’s “Almost” a Consistent Block on offering new Jobs to Pakistanis in UAE. Indians and Philippines are being preferred over Pakistanis and it appears as if there’s an unconditional understanding among employers to say “NO” to Pakistanis in the job market in the Arab world. Philippine Does not have Coalition with Arabs nor does Indians do, but they’re preferred over Pakistanis in Arab countries. Qatar, Oman, Bahrain has Banned to offer new jobs to all Pakistanis. Considering Pakistan’s Unconditional Support to Arab world, Pakistanis should possess better standard in Arab world compared to other nationalities who do not have Coalition with Arabs and that’s just simple. This is exactly how the world operations, Look at the European Union and other Economic and Trade blocks among different nations. Countries having common interest and goals and coalitions, support each others countrymen, after all this is what the coalitions are all about. Pakistan national’s status should even be above than the European workers “As long as they qualify for that job in term of Qualification, Experience and Skills” but that does not even come close, Pakistanis are ranked lower than all other nationalities in Arab world currently, even lower than Philippine and Indians. Let me put an example, if there’re three people applying for a same job (including Pakistani, Indian and Philippines) with same qualification and experience, the preference will be given to Philippine or an Indian, Pakistani national wouldn’t even get his due time in the interview. What good is the coalition if Pakistanis can’t even get jobs in the Arab world. Kudos to Indians and Philippines for achieving the better status without being part of the coalition. This analysis is based on nine months of consistent observation and job search process but still staying jobless in UAE (Dubai).RecommendApply R3 Successfully and Save $100! How can you increase your chances of gaining admission to your top choice MBA program R3? Create an application that proves you’re top b-school material and worthy of one of the few Round 3 slots by utilizing Accepted.com’s stellar MBA/EMBA services. And now, for a limited time only, you can save $100 on every non-rush MBA or EMBA service totaling $1200 or more – that’s a huge savings to encourage you to get the assistance you need in acing your Round 3 applications.Q: Can't bind to scope using vm. notation in controller/html I am building an update form using a route parameter to get the ID of the item I need. This is working as intended. Part of having the update form is to retrieve stored values and bind them to the form. If I have my model set to something like this: <input type="text" class="form-control" id="Event_Desc" data-ng-model="eventdescription" required /> And my controller is set as follows (note, that is calling a REST service using ng-resource). appItem.get({ Id: $routeParams.Id }, function (result) { $scope.eventdescription = result.Title; }); It will properly set the field value to the value stored in the database on the form. However, if I attempt to use vm. notation as follows, it returns an error of "Unable to set property 'eventdescription' of undefined or null reference" HTML: <input type="text" class="form-control" id="Event_Desc" data-ng-model="vm.eventdescription" required /> Controller: appItem.get({ Id: $routeParams.Id }, function (result) { $scope.vm.eventdescription = result.Title; }); Why can't I set the $scope of vm.eventdescription? A: try to instantiate vm before use it like this $scope.vm = {}; appItem.get({ Id: $routeParams.Id }, function (result) { $scope.vm.eventdescription = result.Title; }); Q: Shiur of "Miut Hamatzui" A "miut hamatzui" is a phrased used to express a case where because of a small concern that something exists, or might happened, or does happen that the halacha is affected by this. An example is if there is a certain type of "treifah" by a kosher animal that is found in a small amount therefore this must be checked after that animal is shechted. However what is the amount of a "miut hamatzui"? What are the different opinions in this? (I don't feel my explanation of a "miut hamaztui" is adequate enough however it's difficult for me to express in English. Perhaps someone can edit it.) A: Miut Hamatui has four opinions as brought down in the new Yalkut Yosef. 1) Rav Shelomo Zalman Aurbach who holds it is around 10%. 2) Shevet HaLevi who holds it is even less but doesn't specify. 3) Rav Bension Aba Shaul who says around 17%. 4) The opinion of the Rivash and Hacham Yishak Yosef Shelit"a who hold that it is much closer to 50% but doesn't specify. A: Rav Eitam Henkin provides sources for all the various opinions on pages 39-62 of this kuntres. A: Many poskim put it at 10% -- thank you Fred, Mishkenos Yaakov 1:YD17 first puts it that way. (See Rabbi JD Bleich's "Is the Milk We Drink Kosher?" in Tradition). This is the general OU opinion. We find the figure of 10% by combining a law in Terumot -- about whether you must check that a bottle of wine in the case has spoiled before taking terumah from the batch -- with a law in Bava Basra -- about 10% being the normal spoilage rate when selling a case of wine. The next question becomes -- 10% of what? Do I say "so long as the odds of eating a bug is <10% in this serving of lettuce, I can eat this serving"? Or perhaps we need "so long as the odds of finding a bug in this bag is <10%, I can buy this bag"? Or perhaps we even need "I can buy this case of lettuce without checking only if the odds of finding a bug anywhere in it are <10%"? Nothing ruins a great day in the outdoors quite like getting attacked by hordes of insects. But unless you fancy the idea of spraying chemicals all over your body, you’ve just got to suck it up right? Wrong. With this guide, discover how you can create your own healthy, kid-friendly bug spray that will protect you from insects and the harmful effects of commercial bug sprays. You’ll need the following: To make bug spray, you’ll want to get two spray bottles and pour an equal amount of witch hazel into each – split it in half, to be exact. Once you’ve done this, do the same for each of the other oils, splitting the quantities in half between the two bottles. And that’s it! See? No harsh chemicals or strange processes. What’s great about this bug spray is that it doesn’t have the harsh smell that traditional bug sprays carry. It also doesn’t feel sticky on your skin. So there you go! Enjoy the great outdoors without worrying about being eaten alive or bathing yourself in chemicals. Jesse Hermanis a contributing staff writer for REALfarmacy.com. He writes and produces video at PowerfulPrimates.com. Jesse began his alternative health journey after chronic back pain and has not looked back since. Follow him on Youtube and Facebook (also more Facebook), broadcasting out of Brazil, Florida, and in a dark distant cave (with internet).The forgotten Gods The battle for the Oath Unspoken 8 JUL/16 The group headed back to Aristide An
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1355, 21794, 13, 17898, 3006, 17770, 13, 502, 9476, 1058, 76, 14, 413, 76, 14, 413, 76, 7835, 275, 5233, 27262, 15, 733, 310, 247, 4942, 6906, 8087, 342, 247, 1048, 13, 5777, 1086, 321, 1272 ]	down from perches such as telephone poles and posts in open country to catch rodents, and they may also hover to spot prey. They are usually seen alone or in pairs. Their voice is the familiar keeer! The western adult is illustrated. Kites, Hawks, Eagles Rough-legged Hawk, Buteo lagopus Family Accipitridae (Kites, Hawks, Eagles) Size: 21" Season: Winter Habitat: Open country, areas near cliffs The rough-legged hawk is a relatively long-winged and long-tailed buteo with a proportionately small bill and feet. Two color phases exist (light and dark), with the light phase being most common. It is mottled dark brown or grayish above and mixed creamy white and dark brown below, often with a concentration of dark at the belly, especially in females. In flight the central part of the wing is white, contrasting with darker coverts and tips of the flight feathers. The tail has a white base and a dark subterminal band. The legs are feathered for Arctic conditions (hence the common name). Rough-legged hawks search for small mammals or ground birds from a perch or while in flight, often hovering overhead. The light-phase adult is illustrated. Falcons American Kestrel, Falco sparverius Family Falconidae (Falcons) Size: 10" Season: Year-round Habitat: Open country, urban areas North America's most common falcon, the American kestrel is a tiny, robin-size falcon with long, pointed wings and tail. Fast in flight, it hovers above fields or dives from its perch on branches or a wire to capture small animals and insects. The upperparts are rufous and barred with black, the wings are blue gray, and the breast is buff or white and streaked with black spots. The head is patterned with a gray crown and vertical patches of black on the face. The female has rufous wings and a barred tail. Also known as the sparrow hawk, it has a habit of flicking its tail up and down while perched. The adult male is illustrated. Falcons Merlin, Falco columbarius Family Falconidae (Falcons) Size: 10"–12" (females larger than males) Season: Year-round Habitat: Open country, woodland edges, coastlines, farmland The merlin is a pugnacious, stocky falcon, slightly larger and heavier than a kestrel, with pointed wings and a short, stubby bill. Three subspecies are recognized and vary by the degree of dark coloration. In general, the upperparts are some shade of gray (in males) or brown (in females) with variable amounts of light- to dark-brown streaking. Light individuals have only a faint moustachial patch, while dark individuals may have a mostly dark head. Merlins pursue small birds in direct, powerful flight or in sudden stoops. The adult male is illustrated. Falcons Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus Family Falconidae (Falcons) Size: 22", female larger than male Season: Winter Habitat: Open country near cliffs The gyrfalcon is a large, powerful falcon of the far north with a long tail and somewhat more-rounded wings than other falcons. Three color morphs exist—white, gray, and dark—with the gray being most common. It is slate gray above, heavily barred with white and gray below, and has dark facial markings across the eye and malar area. The white morph is snow white with dark-gray mottling on the back, tail, and wings. Gyrfalcons pursue birds and mammals up to duck and rabbit size in direct flight on stiff wings. The adult gray phase is illustrated. Falcons Peregrine Falcon, Falco peregrinus Family Falconidae (Falcons) Size: 17"; female larger than male Season: Summer Habitat: Open country, cliffs, urban areas, coastal areas The peregrine falcon is a powerful and agile raptor with long, sharply pointed wings. It is dark slate gray above and pale whitish below, with uniform barring below the breast. The head has a distinctive "helmet," with a white ear patch and chin contrasting with the blackish face and crown. Juveniles are mottled brown overall with heavy streaking on the underside. Peregrine falcons attack other birds in flight using spectacular high-speed aerial dives. Once threatened by DDT pollution that caused thinning of their eggshells, they have made a dramatic comeback. The adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Yellow Rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 7" Season: Summer Habitat: Marshes, wetland areas with dense grasses and sedges The yellow rail is a tiny rail, only slightly larger than the diminutive black rail, that is rarely seen due to its elusive and secretive habits. It seeks the shelter of dense vegetation, runs rather than flies when alarmed, and its voice, a series of tic-tic-tic notes, is often the only indication of its presence. The body is compact and plump with a short neck, short tail, and a stubby bill. The plumage is pale yellowish brown with alternating back and buff stripes, crossed with thick, white crescents along the back. On the head is a small, dark cap, a broad eye stripe, and a yellow or grayish bill. Juveniles show white speckles on the head and neck. In flight the white inner secondaries and underwing bases are revealed. The adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Black Rail, Laterallus jamaicensis Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 6" Season: Summer Habitat: Saltwater or freshwater wetlands The black rail is a rare, diminutive, secretive rail that is difficult to see as it skulks in dense wetland vegetation. It is plump with a short tail and bill and has bright-red eyes. The plumage is dark gray brown above and slatey gray below, with white spotting across the back and flanks and a rust patch across the upper shoulders. Both sexes and juveniles are similar. Black rails are active mostly at night, voicing a ragged kik-a dow, or low cooing sound. They will often run rather than fly when disturbed. They forage among grasses for aquatic invertebrates, plants, and seeds. The adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Virginia Rail, Rallus limicola Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 9.5" Season: Summer Habitat: Freshwater or brackish marshes The Virginia rail is a small, secretive, cryptic marsh bird with a proportionately long, reddish, downcurved bill. Its plumage is rusty brown overall with darker streaking on the back and black-and-white barring about the flanks. The head has a dark crown and lores and a gray face. The legs are thick, with long toes for support in the aquatic habitat. Virginia rails are active mostly at dawn and dusk, skulking through vegetation, probing the mud for worms, aquatic invertebrates, and plants. Their voice is a quick, repetitive, two- or three-part kik-kik. The adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Sora, Porzana carolina Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 9" Season: Summer Habitat: Marshes, meadows The sora is a small, short-tailed, chicken-shaped rail with long, thin toes. Its plumage is mottled rusty brown above and grayish below with white barring along the belly and sides. The head has a black patch between the eye and bill, and the bill is yellow and conical. The tail is pointed and often cocked up and flicked. The juvenile is pale brown below, with less black on the face. Soras feed along shorelines or at the edges of meadows for snails, insects, and aquatic plants. Their voice is a soft, rising ooo-EEP, and they are quite tame, being seen more often than other rails. The breeding adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Clapper Rail, Rallus longirostris Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 14" Season: Summer Habitat: Coastal saltwater or brackish marshes Also known as the marsh hen, the clapper rail is very shy and difficult to see. It lurks through marshy vegetation and usually chooses to walk or swim rather than fly. It forages by probing through mud and grass for a variety of small prey, vocalizing harsh, clattering kek-kek-kek sounds in rapid succession. It is a relatively thin rail with a long, slightly decurved
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616, 3600, 18639, 3745, 13, 347 ]	ln-1* and zyx-1. This trend in burrowing mirrored the trend we observed in 2D chemotaxis assays (Fig. [6b](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}, right). This concordance in outcomes from 2D and 3D chemotaxis reveal that these mutants have locomotory defects, which are documented equally using either assay. When we tested mutants with defects in dense bodies only, we found that these mutants also performed worse than wild-type with their ranking in terms of burrowing outcome decreasing as dyc-1 \> uig-1 \> pfn-3 \> atn-1 (Fig. [6c](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}, left). Interestingly, we found incongruence between 2D and 3D chemotaxis outcomes for some of the mutants in this cohort. In particular, dyc-1 and uig-1 did not show differences in 2D chemotaxis indices compared to wild-type animals, but they performed poorly in burrowing (Fig. [6c](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}, right). pfn-3 showed a higher chemotaxis index compared with wild-type but failed to burrow effectively. Thus, while chemotaxis is an essential component of the burrowing assay, our results show that the mechanical resistance offered during burrowing can reveal differences in muscle mutants that are difficult to discern from standard 2D chemotaxis assays on agar plates. ### Modulating assay conditions to phenotype a mitochondrial mutant {#Sec11} Fixed assay conditions might miss the dynamic range of difference for some strains. However, our assay offers the flexibility of varying the gel height as well as concentration to increase the depth of phenotypic analysis. Here, we subjected gei-8(gk693) mutants to different assay conditions to reveal phenotypic differences from wild-type animals. gei-8 encodes a homolog of the vertebrate nuclear receptor corepressor NCoR, known as a negative regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis^[@CR38]^. Skeletal muscle-specific knock-out of NCoR1 in mice increased muscle mass and mitochondrial number and activity^[@CR38]^. RNAi-mediated knock-down of gei-8 in C. elegans increased muscle mitochondrial load and oxygen consumption rate^[@CR38]^. gei-8(gk693) animals have a 1 kb deletion in the gei-8 promoter region and, therefore, the potential for a modified gei-8 expression level. Our burrowing assay with 26% w/w PF-127 and two distinct gel heights (0.7 and 0.88 cm) revealed no significant difference between gei-8(gk693) and wild-type animals (Fig. [7a](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}). Given that wild-type animals have the minimum burrowing ability at 30% w/w gel concentration (Fig. [2a](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}), we were interested in seeing if gei-8(gk693) would behave similarly to wild type or manifest a different response to increased gel stiffness. Interestingly, increasing the gel concentration to 30% w/w dropped the burrowing percentage of wild type to 50% at the 2 hr timepoint, while it remained around 80% for gei-8 (Fig. [7b](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}), suggesting that gei-8 displays locomotory prowess superior to wild type when challenged. Although consequences of the gei-8(gk693) mutation on muscle strength and/or endurance remain to be clarified, and the biology of NCoR1 is likely to have complex physiology, the important aspect of the burrowing assay we highlight is that tuning the assay conditions can reveal novel and additional information about muscle function and animal behavior.Figure 7Tuning the burrowing assay conditions can reveal phenotypic differences. Testing the burrowing performance of wild type and gei-8(gk693) mutant in two different assay conditions of (a) a taller gel height, and (b) a higher gel concentration. N = 31 and 32 for wild-type and gei-8(gk693), respectively. Data was collected from 6 replicates. \\P ≤ 0.01. ### Sorting and recovery of sub-populations for downstream molecular analysis {#Sec12} One of the interesting features of the burrowing assay is that not all the animals reach the attractant at the same time, i.e. some individuals burrow quickly compared with others in the population. Since nearly all animals remain at the top once they reach the food source, the Pluronic-based burrowing assay provides a simple way of sorting and recovering sub-populations of animals for downstream molecular analysis. Here, we harness this feature of the assay and show that gene expression analysis can be conducted to compare the fast burrowers with the slower ones. We tested wild-type burrowers that reached the attractant the quickest compared with animals that were slower in burrowing and did not reach the surface within two hours (Fig. [8](#Fig8){ref-type="fig"}). We then addressed whether the faster burrowers might have some differential muscle gene expression that facilitates faster movement to the surface. We selected ten body wall muscle genes known to be downregulated in expression as the animal ages^[@CR39]^, including troponin (unc-27, tnt-2, mup-2), tropomyosin (lev-11), paramyosin (unc-15), titin (zig-12), calponin (unc-87), muscle myosin regulatory light chains (mlc-1) and myosin heavy chains (unc-54, myo-3) (See Table [S2](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"} for additional description of these genes). We used well documented genes cdc-42 and Y45F10D.4 to normalize expression data (Table [S3](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"})^[@CR40]^. Cycle threshold (Ct) values from qPCR indicated slightly lower values in slow burrowers; since lower Ct values reflect higher the expression level, the expression level of these two housekeeping genes is not reduced in the slow burrowers (Table S4).Figure 8Muscle-specific gene expression in fast burrowers compared to slow burrowers. Normalized gene expression scores are shown as ratios for the successful burrowing class (among the top 10--15% that reached the top faster) to the levels for slower animals that remained in the gel by the end of the two-hour time period. zig-12, unc-27, and mup-2 were expressed significantly more for fast burrower animals in comparison to slower ones. Experiments were conducted with Day 1 adults. N = 30 animals with three replicates. Error bars are standard deviation. \P ≤ 0.05, \\P ≤ 0.01, \\\P ≤ 0.001. We found that zig-12, unc-27 and mup-2 were expressed at significantly higher levels in faster burrowers (Fig. [8](#Fig8){ref-type="fig"}), while the remaining genes did not show significant expression differences. However, we did note a consistent upward trend in the selected 10 genes. In a follow-up experiment, we found two other muscle genes not upregulated in fast burrowers (See Fig. [S6](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). These findings indicate potential natural expression variation within a genetically identical population and holds potential to indicate the molecular components that might improve burrowing efficiency and locomotory prowess. ### Testing disease models of protein aggregation {#Sec13} C. elegans is widely used to model human diseases^[@CR1]^ including muscular dystrophies^[@CR5],[@CR41]^ and neurodegenerative disorders^[@CR6]^. Here, we show the utility of our burrowing assay in phenotyping C. elegans strains that model proteotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders, specifically Huntington and Parkinson's diseases. Polyglutamine expansions cause Huntington disease^[@CR42]^, while α-synuclein is a key protein implicated in Parkinson's disease^[@CR43]^, both of which can result in toxic aggregates disrupting cellular function. We focused on evaluating burrowing performance of C. elegans strains expressing either YFP-tagged polyglutamine (polyQ) or YFP-tagged α-synuclein. The polyQ strains had Q35 and Q40 expressed in body wall muscle using the myosin promoter^[@CR44]^, and Q67 and Q86 were expressed in neurons^[@CR45]^. For the Parkinson's disease model, human α-synuclein protein was expressed under the myosin promoter^[@CR46]^. The results from the burrowing experiments, which were conducted with day 1 adults, are shown in Fig. [9](#Fig9){ref-type="fig"}. For the transgenic lines that expressed polyQ in muscle, we found that compared to wild-type, Q35-expressing animals were not deficient in their burrowing while Q40-expressing animals were significantly deficient (Fig. [9a](#Fig9){ref-type="fig"}). One possibility is that this difference could be due to the presence of visible protein aggregates in Q40-expressing animals but their absence in Q35-expressing animals (Fig. [9b](#Fig9){ref-type="fig"}). α-synuclein-expressing animals were even more impaired in their burrowing ability, as
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18745, 342, 8811, 347, 368, 452, 644, 15, 4392, 19871, 8702, 323, 1146, 7378, 281, 513, 326, 13, 323, 4685, 849, 1774 ]	the drive wheel of the rotation apparatus is adjusted manually to an appropriate distance from the fixed winding position of the gripping pins, or the winding position of the gripping pins is adjusted to an appropriate distance from the fixed operating position of the drive wheel. In both cases, the adjustment is merely approximate, since the accuracy of adjustment is totally dependent on the professional skill and experience of the operator making the adjustments. Prior art winding machines have a single preset pressure value, as a result of which the drive wheel wears down too rapidly, and the drum is liable to damage. Even in cases where manual adjustment of the pressure is possible, the accuracy of adjustment is nevertheless totally dependent on the professional skill and experience of the operator.Chris Illuminati Are you lazy? Do you not want to deal with the fuss of breaking up with your significant other? Do you want to drop a blatant hint without having a three-hour conversation about the relationship? Here is a list of six movies to aid you in the process of breaking up with a girl. Just as watching a fat rodent sticking his head out of a hole has become tradition every February 2nd, so has watching the movie that takes it’s name — it’s Groundhog Day!The Bill Murray film is a classic and loved by millions, especially everyone watching it right this very moment on TV (it’s playi… An obsessed Jessica Simpson fan has taken his love for the star to novel heights. Marce William Burchell who, after allegedly stalking Simpson for years, decided to pen and self-publish a book about the object of his affection.The best part? The book’s insane title: ‘The True Story of Jessica Ann Si… Normally a lawsuit involving a fast food chain and a patron has something to do with the food. In the case of Martin Kessman versus White Castle the main complaint by Mr. Kessman is that the restaurant’s booths aren’t big enough. Online Dish explains how his local Whi…Q: Get the time taken by executing cmd command in java how i can get the time taken by a certain cmd command called from java suppose i am issuing icmp request String icmpRequest= "ping 192.168.3.3"; Runtime.getRuntime().exec(icmpRequest); after the exec is called my function will complete to the next line. is there a way to know the time consumed by execution of this command or to stop this thread until this process is finished. can we say that the process is finished after the inputstream of the process return data BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); //reads the outputs String inputLine = in.readLine(); if(inpuLine!=null) System.out.println("process finished"); A: exec returns a Process which you can use: long start = System.nanoTime(); Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(icmpRequest); p.waitFor(); long end = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println("it took: " + ((end - start) / 1000000) + "ms"); Note: if you want to continue doing other things while the process completes, you can call it from a separate thread. Joey Elwood Joey Elwood is one of the co-founders of Gotee Records, along with the other Gotee Brothers, Toby McKeehan and Todd Collins. The record label was created when, after failing to find a label willing to sign the group Out of Eden, Elwood, McKeehan, and Collins decided to produce Lovin' the Day on their own. Of the creation of Gotee Records, Elwood recalls, ""We all collectively said, 'Let's just give this a shot.' At the risk of sounding unprofessional, it was a very naïve entry into the business. We basically learned every day, on the job, because we had no training for what we were doing, other than we loved music and we produced music. That was the entry point. Three naïve guys, a willing band, and some really good songs." As a member of the Gotee Brothers, Elwood recorded "ERACE -Eliminating Racism and Creating Equality" with Todd Collins and his cousin Toby McKeehan, aka tobyMac. Elwood is a producer in the Christian music market. He noticed the band StorySide:B when it only included two people. He appeared in the documentary "Faith and Fame," which featured tobyMac. References External links Gotee Records Category:Gotee Records artists Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)&FORCE_EVAL METHOD Quickstep &DFT &QS METHOD PM6 &SE &END &END QS &SCF MAX_SCF 0 &END SCF &END DFT &SUBSYS &CELL ABC 20.0 20.0 20.0 PERIODIC NONE &END CELL &COORD C 0.10 0.20 1.00 C -0.10 -0.20 1.00 C 1.00 0.10 0.20 C 1.00 -0.10 -0.20 C -1.00 -0.10 0.20 C -1.00 0.10 -0.20 C 0.20 1.00 0.10 C -0.20 1.00 -0.10 C -0.20 -1.00 0.10 C 0.20 -1.00 -0.10 C 0.10 -0.20 -1.00 C -0.10 0.20 -1.00 &END COORD &PRINT &SYMMETRY MOLECULE CHECK_SYMMETRY T ALL &END &END &END SUBSYS &END FORCE_EVAL &GLOBAL PROJECT G_T RUN_TYPE ENERGY &END GLOBAL THIS is an important Monday Meme Challenge… Aeon and I were very pleased to attend the annual Virtual World Best Practices in Education Conference in SL this past week and weekend. The offerings by some of the best educators and administrators working today were outstanding and very timely, given advances in technology including SecondLife. We took much away from the conference and promise to share much more next time around. We’re both educators and do work in the non-profit arena, but we’ve not shared that much until now. The wonderful group in SL has opened us to new vistas and we look forward to using SL more in our work. Aeon has already brought students in for plays, and that has been extremely successful, so look for us to do more in future. His talk was very interesting and was filled with historical notes about SL and other virtual worlds. He knows the score about so much – the technology, the business, the experience. Indeed he knows this history, has the lay of the current land, and has his eye on the future. His work with High Fidelity is going to take us places; I could feel that energy, and I’m looking forward to it! The second keynote was even more exciting, as new LL CEO Ebbe Linden (Ebbe Altberg) spoke. He shared much about all he is learning – but please understand that he has quite a history with SL and loads of other technologically-involved companies. His leadership is unquestionable, and we think he’s just the right choice for CEO now. He took on the ToS debacle in his talk – and his comments put my already steady heart completely at ease. He has it in hand and my legal eagles were right: it’s mostly a wording (and communication) issue. Our content is ours – and communication seems to be one of Ebbe‘s strong suits. He’s a Twitter guy and I’ve seen him out there, sharing information and responding to questions – and doing so with ease and warmth. And there’s so much more! We’ll be exploring as the future unfolds, so…let’s just say we’re happy and go on. This Challenge from Strawberry Singh is just perfect for the times. Thank you, Berry! Pop over to her magnificent blog and participate! I have a feeling Ebbe will be reading… Meme instructions: Pick up a copy of Flat Ebbe Linden frommy marketplace storefor free and take him to one of your favorite places on the grid. Also, share at least three things that you’d like to tell Ebbe. Please remember to leave a link to your post in the comments and share your Flat Ebbe picture in the Blog memes flickr group. We welcomed Flat Ebbe Linden to The Conservatory at Ce Soir to enjoy the beautiful exhibit by Ranadeep: Fractal Fantasy. Our (Aeon and Mireille’s) comments for Ebbe: Please keep interacting with residents as you have been. THANK YOU for being willing to do that, for understanding how important
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And their customer service has been pretty good for me so far. For now, it does not look like I will be touching Inboard M1, aside from when I want to go boarding with my friend who does not have an electric skateboard. UPDATE: I actually forgot to add one more thing. I LOVE BEING ABLE TO DRAG THIS BEHIND ME. With Inboard M1, I cannot, because either tail or nose would drag on the ground. With the Bamboo GTX, due to its drop through style, I can just drag this behind me, which saves my arms some work out (well, I guess I could use some arm work out, but they get it when I go up the stairs so it’s all good). A full review of this board will come in time, but I want to ride this one a little longer before I actually do a full review. I also have a story coming on my interaction with Inboard’s support. As always, let me know if you have any questions or comments and I’d be more than happy to answer them.--- abstract: 'In this paper we consider a system of spins that consists of two configurations ${{\vec{\sigma}}}^1,{{\vec{\sigma}}}^2\in\Sigma_N=\{-1,+1\}^N$ with Gaussian Hamiltonians $H_N^1({{\vec{\sigma}}}^1)$ and $H_N^2({{\vec{\sigma}}}^2)$ correspondingly, and these configurations are coupled on the set where their overlap is fixed $\{R_{1,2}=N^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^N \sigma_i^1\sigma_i^2 = u_N\}.$ We prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the free energy of this system given that $\lim_{N\to\infty}u_N = u\in[-1,1]$ and give the analogue of the Aizenman-Sims-Starr variational principle that describes this limit via random overlap structures.' author: - \| Dmitry Panchenko [^1]\ [Department of Mathematics]{}\ [Massachusetts Institute of Technology]{}\ title: ' A note on the free energy of the coupled system in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. ' --- Key words: spin glasses, Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. Introduction and main results. ============================== In this paper we will consider a system that consists of two configurations of spins that are coupled by fixing their overlap. Our main goal is to prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the free energy of this system and to give the characterization of this limit via random overlap structures in the sense of Aizenman-Sims-Starr [@ASS]. Let us start by introducing all necessary notations and definitions. For any $N\geq 1,$ let us consider a space $\Sigma_N=\{-1,+1\}^N$ and consider two Hamiltonians $H_N^{\ell}({{\vec{\sigma}}})$ for $\ell=1,2$ on $\Sigma_N$ given by $$H_{N}^{\ell}({{\vec{\sigma}}})=N^{1/2}\sum_{p\geq 1}\frac{a_p^{\ell}}{N^{p/2}} \sum_{i_1,\ldots,i_p}g_{i_1,\ldots,i_p} \sigma_{i_1}\ldots\sigma_{i_p}, \label{Ham}$$ where $(g_{i_1,\ldots,i_p})$ are standard Gaussian random variables independent for all $p\geq 1$ and all $(i_1,\ldots,i_p),$ and the sequences $(a_p^{\ell})_{p\geq 1}$ are such that $$\sum_{p\geq 1} (a_p^{\ell})^2 <\infty. \label{L2}$$ For $\ell,\ell'\in{1,2},$ let us define the functions $\xi_{\ell,\ell'}:[-1,1]\to{\mathbb{R}}$ by $$\xi_{\ell,\ell'}(x)=\sum_{p\geq 1} a_p^{\ell} a_p^{\ell'} x^p \label{xi}$$ so that $$\frac{1}{N}{\mathbb{E}}H_N^{\ell}({{\vec{\sigma}}}^1) H_N^{\ell'}({{\vec{\sigma}}}^2) =\xi_{\ell,\ell'}(R_{1,2}), \label{Rxi}$$ where the overlap $$R_{1,2} =R({{\vec{\sigma}}}^1,{{\vec{\sigma}}}^2) =\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i\leq N}\sigma_i^1\sigma_i^2.$$ The condition (\[L2\]) implies that the functions $\xi_{\ell,\ell'}$ are well-defined and smooth on $[-1,1].$ From now on we will also assume that the sequences $(a_p^{\ell})$ are such that the functions $\xi_{\ell,\ell'}$ are convex on $[-1,1].$ For example, this holds if $a_p^{\ell}=0$ for $p$ odd and $a_p^{\ell}\geq 0$ for $p$ even. We define the functions, $$\theta_{\ell,\ell'}(x)=x\xi_{\ell,\ell'}'(x)-\xi_{\ell,\ell'}(x). \label{theta}$$ The convexity of $\xi_{\ell,\ell'}$ implies that for any $x,y\in [-1,1]$ we have $$\xi_{\ell,\ell'}(x) - x\xi_{\ell,\ell'}'(y)+\theta_{\ell,\ell'}(y)\geq 0. \label{positive}$$ Given $u\in[-1,1],$ let us consider a sequence $(u_N)_{N\geq 1}$ such that for each $N$ we have $u_N=k/N$ for some integer $-N\leq k\leq N$ and such that $\lim_{N\to\infty} u_N=u.$ Given the external fields $h_1, h_2\in{\mathbb{R}},$ we define, $$F_N(u_N)=\frac{1}{N}{\mathbb{E}}\log Z_N(u_N), \label{FN}$$ where $$Z_N(u_N)= \sum_{R_{1,2}=u_N} \exp\Bigl( \sum_{\ell\leq 2} H_N^{\ell}({{\vec{\sigma}}}^{\ell}) + \sum_{\ell\leq 2} h_{\ell} \sum_{i\leq N} \sigma_i^{\ell} \Bigr). \label{ZN}$$ The quantity $F_N(u_N)$ represents the free energy of the set of configurations $\{R_{1,2}=u_N\}.$ The main reason that $u_N$ was chosen of the type $k/N$ is that this set be not empty. Our first goal will be to prove the following. \[Th1\] The limit $$\lim_{N\to\infty}F_N(u_N) = \P(u) \label{limit}$$ exists and depends on $u$ but not on the sequence $(u_N).$ The main idea in the proof of this Theorem is the interpolation method of Guerra-Toninelli which was developed by authors in [@GT] to prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the free energy of one copy of the system with Hamiltonian $H_N^1({{\vec{\sigma}}}).$ They also extended their method in [@GT2] to prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit in a variety of mean field models. In fact, a part of the proof of Theorem \[Th1\] is very similar to the proof of the main result in [@GT2] which was motivated by the idea of restricting to the set of configurations with given overlap introduced by Michel Talagrand in [@SG]. However, the situation considered in Theorem \[Th1\] is slightly different, mainly, due to the fact that we consider the set $\{R_{1,2} = u_N\}$ of configurations with overlap exactly equal to $u_N$ rather than being in the neighborhood of $u_N.$ This will require some additional approximation result, Lemma \[Lemma1\] below. We will prove that the sequence $F_N(u_N)$ can be approximated by a superadditive sequence over the restricted range of indices and apply the following Proposition due to DeBruijn-Erdös [@DBE] (see also Theorem 1.9.1 in [@Steele]). \[Prop1\](DeBruijn-Erdös) If the sequence $(a_N)$ of real numbers satisfies the superadditivity condition $$a_{m+n}\geq a_m+a_n \mbox{ over the restricted range } \frac{1}{2}n\leq m\leq 2n,$$ then $\lim_{n\to\infty}a_n/n = \sup a_n/n.$ Next, we will characterize the limit $\P(u)$ in (\[limit\]) via the analogue of Aizenman-Sims-Starr variational principle [@ASS]. This characterization is motivated by the following idea. In [@Tnew] Michel Talagrand proved a certain replica symmetry breaking upper bound on $F_N(u_N)$ and conjectured that the bound should be precise in the limit, i.
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48592, 1342, 64, 35670, 28, 1214, 22362, 4339, 16408, 6620, 64, 2307, 1427, 19, 37, 28, 1214, 7941, 4037, 6620, 64 ]	type-I columns. The [q$_2$ ]{}exhibits comparable intensities both on type-I and type-III columns. In addition the amplitudes of both modes as well as their ratios vary significantly from column to column of the same type. Bias dependence --------------- The observed intensities of both [q$_1$ ]{}and [q$_2$ ]{}modes in the STM images strongly depend on the bias voltages used during scanning. Fig. \[bias\] a) shows a three unit cells wide and 37.5 nm long section, recorded at V$_{bias}$ = -450 mV, where CDW modes modulating neighbouring type-I and type-III columns show varying phase shifts. The modulation along each column is a result of beating between [q$_1$ ]{}and [q$_2$ ]{}periodicities confined to the two columns forming a pair. In Fig. \[bias\] b) a small area recorded with bias voltages of -800 mV (top) and -450 mV (bottom) are shown for comparison. The topmost Se atoms are overlaid onto the bottom image. The 1D FT analyses (Fig. \[bias\] c) of such images recorded at different conditions reveal the dependence of the CDW amplitudes on the bias voltage. The [q$_1$ ]{}mode is dominantly observed on type-I columns at voltages down to -400 mV, while between -400 and -650 mV this mode is equally strong on both, type-I and type-III columns. At even lower voltages the [q$_1$ ]{}mode is hardly observable. The amplitudes of the [q$_2$ ]{}mode are generally higher than those of the [q$_1$ ]{}mode and at voltages down to -500 mV higher on type-III columns. At lower bias voltages (bellow -500 mV) the amplitudes of the [q$_1$ ]{}mode on type-I columns become higher and on type-III lower. Type-II columns appear not to be modulated at all bias voltages used. There is a very weak [q$_1$ ]{}and [q$_2$ ]{}modulation, best observed in STM images recorded at -500 mV, which is clearly displaced from both type-I and type-II columns. Additional careful analysis shows that this weak contribution does not represent a modulation of the interconnecting type-II columns, but rather a contribution of the modulated subsurface type-I columns. ![a) An approximately 4.7 nm $\times$ 37.5 nm area of the [NbSe$_3$]{} (100) vdW surface recorded with V$_{bias}$ = -450 mV. b) and c) show 4.7 nm $\times$ 3.2 nm parts of the larger area shown in a) recorded with V$_{bias}$ = -800 mV and -450 mV, respectively. d) Plots of 1D FT amplitudes for [q$_1$ ]{}and [q$_2$ ]{}modes as analyzed from images recorded at different bias voltages.[]{data-label="bias"}](Fig3.png){width="0.95\linewidth"} ![image](Fig4.png){width="1\linewidth"} Variations along the columns ---------------------------- To study intensity variations along individual columns and variations over large surface areas a sufficiently long image along [b$_0$ ]{}is needed. Impurities that are occasionally present on the sample surface make it as a rule difficult to obtain such images with clearly resolved surface atoms on sufficiently large areas. Such an image of a 21 nm wide and 64 nm long area is shown in the background of Fig. \[long\] a). Combined with the 1D FT it clearly reveals the presence of both modes on particular columns, shown on Fig. \[long\] b). Using inverse FT along individual lines contributions belonging to [q$_1$ ]{}and [q$_2$ ]{}CDW modes are plotted for values exceeding 80% of their corresponding maxima with blue and red , respectively. Plotting [q$_1$ ]{}and [q$_2$ ]{}separately (Fig. \[long\] d)) clearly reveals the in-phase relationship between [q$_2$ ]{}modes along neighbouring columns of the same type. No such clear relationship can be observed for the [q$_1$ ]{}mode. Additionally, using a 40 nm wide window (i.e. a window sufficiently wide to clearly resolve both CDW modes in the corresponding FT) 1D FT was performed on parallel lines along this limited part of the image. The amplitudes of both modes were determined for every position of this 40 nm window. Each amplitude was normalized to its q-vector’s maximum value and their combinations were plotted using the following colour scheme: the normalized amplitudes of [q$_2$ ]{}were plotted in shades ranging from black through red to yellow, while the normalized amplitudes of [q$_1$ ]{}were plotted in colours ranging from black (no modulation) to blue. If both modes appeared overlapped, the colour of the pixels was a mixture of both. Fig. \[long\] c) was constructed by moving the window along the large STM image, performing a FT analysis at each step and plotting the corresponding vertical lines as a function of the distance (indexed as Frame N.). The performed analysis clearly reveals relatively large variations in the ratios of normalized [q$_1$]{}/[q$_2$ ]{}amplitudes along certain columns. Discussion ========== STM and related scanning probe methods are the only ones not based on averaging. If performed under ultra clean conditions and at sufficiently low temperatures, they are in fact the only methods capable of revealing the actual local behavior of the CDWs at the atomic scale. The present STM experiments on [NbSe$_3$]{} were deliberately performed at somewhat lower magnifications, ensuring thus a better transparency of the CDW ordering and still revealing the required atomic resolution. Because of its nonlinear transport properties, attributed to sliding CDWs, [NbSe$_3$]{} became one of the most thoroughly studied inorganic compounds [@Ong_PRB_1983; @Ayari_PRL_2004; @Monceau+Ong_1977; @Withers_1986; @Gill-Wills_1986; @Schaefer_2001; @Hor_2005] [@Gruner_1983_Shapiro; @book_vanSmaalen]. However, the sliding ability of the CDWs is still not properly understood. It was so far observed only in a few quasi-1D compounds, most of them structurally closely related to [NbSe$_3$]{}, e.g. the monoclinic polymorphs m-TaS$_3$ [@Thompson_1981] and NbS$_3$-II [@Zettl_1982; @Zettl_PRB_1982]. A proper understanding of the phenomenon is important, because in case sliding was confirmed beyond any doubt, it would indeed represent a novel transport mechanism. It must be clarified why the CDWs can participate in the conductivity of the few cases only, while in most other quasi-1D IC compounds they can under no condition be forced into sliding. According to the original Wilson’s suggestion [@Wilson] the two IC modes in [NbSe$_3$]{} are supposed to be selectively confined to the type-III ([q$_1$]{}) and type-I columns ([q$_2$]{}), while in case of the alternative picture, based on the existence of nanodomains [@Alternative-models-of-modulation; @Prodan_modulated_low_dim_syst], both modes should be present along both, type-I and type-III columns. In the first case CDWs slide along TP columns after being decoupled in the presence of an external electric field from the underlying basic structure, while in the second the enhanced current is supposed to be a result of an easy switching of the two modes, which causes a displacement of the charge difference between the two modes. In both cases the consequence will be a certain CDW current. The two models can only be differentiated by determining how the two CDW modes are formed and ordered along particular TP columns. Although impurities can affect sliding to a certain extend, they certainly cannot be the determining factor, which will differentiate between the two categories of 1D compounds, i.e. those which always show CDW sliding and the ones that will under no circumstances be forced into it. There are in fact two important structural properties, which certainly play a decisive role in this distinction. First, [NbSe$_3$]{} (and likewise the related compounds) is composed of pairs of symmetry-related TP columns and second, these columns are modulated by (at least) two IC CDW modes [@Prodan_modulated_low_dim_syst; @Alternative-models-of-modulation]. The two requirements and not the concentration of the impurities appear to be the key condition for the CDWs to start sliding. The widely accepted belief that the two modes appear selectively along two of the three available column types in [NbSe$_3$]{}, i.e. [q$_1$ ]{}= (0,0.241,0) below T$_1$ = 144 K along type-III (yellow) and [q$_2$ ]{}= (0.5,0.260,0.5) below T$_2$ = 59 K along type-I (orange) columns, was in fact seriously questioned only after some details, clearly revealed in the published LT STM images of [NbSe$_3$]{}[@Coleman; @Comment_van-Smaalen; @Coleman_reply; @MONCEAU2015_modulation2D; @BRUN2015_
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457 ]	feels good and we are visual beings. It’s not so much the fascination with the content, but the way it gets you into that place where you get that excitement. Its hard (or not, he-he) without material. That being said… yes it can become a bit of a routine, but not something I refer back when being intimate with someone. The connections I’ve had with a physical person, especially in those intimate moments, have been well past any fake experience I’ve had in my mind with some whore off Pornhub. AND… I would never judge a woman for not wanting to do certain things or not being a “pro” in the sack based on the smut videos I’ve seen. I think that this says a lot more about broken minds then it does about the addiction to porn itself. I simply look at porn as a gateway to make my body feel good. It’s alright to feel good, I think. Terrific post! Thank you for keeping it 100% about porn viewership and more importantly the effects on our society. The world makes sin look normal and righteous look strange. Congratulations – continue to hang on to your V card! Men who can’t respect that don’t deserve the treasure that you are! Your post made me cry… It really is a very scary statistic (although not a surprising one). As a mother of a girl and 2 boys, I teach them to dodge the soft porn commercials and do whatever I can to protect them from coming across hard porn on the internet, etc. I have sooooooo many opinions on this topic too, but I think you’ve done a great job of expressing many of them for me. Thank you! I pray that your future husband is one of the few men that do not and have not indulged in porn. I pray the same for my children… God is able! Don’t lose hope and keep sharing the good news 🙂 […] haven’t read Part One you can find it here and you can find BeautyBeyondBones’s original post here (I really recommend reading her piece before mine so that you can understand my post more fully). […] That’s one bold, daring piece to write. Not that it is fiery and angry. But because it is new and different. You stick out like a sore thumb among your generation. Yet, you are like the voice of one crying in the wilderness. Hey, Sis’. I’ll be honest with you about something: I… was introduced to the ‘porn phase’ back when I was a teenager. An ex of my mother sought to show me something ‘interesting’ on his tv while my mother was at work. Anyways, he showed it, and at the same time, he had his way with me because of it. I look back on my years, and wish I could’ve been… strong. Sorry. I’m tearing up while I’m messaging you. I was raped by my father, molested by a great uncle, and introduced to porn and raped by my mom’s ex. The question I always thought about was: Where did my virginity go? 🙁 In regards for men, be yourself. A real husband will only seek that in you, especially if, he too, is a God-fearing man. The plastic-surgery stuff isn’t worth it in order to draw decent men in your life, especially if their not the ones to notice you first. 🙂 Be strong and keep doing what you are doing. Chat soon. xoxo 🙂 Thanks for sharing your story. Gosh my heart breaks for you. I’m so sorry that the man that was supposed to be your most stalwart protector abused you like that. You were supposed to be cherished by him and I’m am just so sorry that you received that horrible treatment. You did not deserve that. I will be praying for you friend. Hugs and love xox You have lots of comments already, so I’ll br brief. First, I’d be interested in reading the books you recommended. Second, I don’t think the porn industry is all ice cream and lollipops, but I also don’t think it’s evil. Experiences vary. Third, and I don’t mean this in a demeaning way, but you are clearly a virgin. Sex is fun and exciting, but can quickly become boring or routine. Many marriages have staled on sex. Variety, including porn, can keep faithful couples interested in each other, instead of wandering elsewhere. It’s actually a tool to healthy monogamous sex, as long as partners communicate what they want to try. Fourth, porn addiction isn’t the same as watching porn. At all. And lastly, I get that you’re viewing sex from a religious viewpoint, but sex is not a magic thing that you have to give only once. If you wish that, I have no issues with it. But just realize that many people have been sexually active and the special part of a relationship is the monogamy, not the magic gift given the first time. After the first time, it’s all the same anyway. And I caution you on this because your future husband may not be a virgin. In fact, highly doubtful. I don’t want you to somehow diminish the feelings he will have for you or the commitment he is willing to accept because he had sex previously. Thanks, keep up the good work! Just want to throw in– you can be creative and spice things up without porn! There are people you can talk to and books you can read that use helpful, though not vulgar, language. I absolutely love the podcast Sexy Marriage Radio. I don’t agree with 100% of what they say, but have found their podcast super helpful and inspiring. I’m certainly not a sex-pert and I know everyone’s marriage is different, but I thought I’d share! Thank you, Donielle. I’m certainly not saying porn is a requirement, but I’m also saying to each their own. Some people like talking dirty. Some people like a little tying up. Some people like toys. It’s whatever you and your partner decide, as long as it is mutual. Thank you for your courage to share. Believe me, not ALL of your generation is polluting their minds with the lust of the flesh. There are men of your generation who are saving their eyes, minds, and bodies for someone who is committed to following Jesus. Wait for one of them and don’t settle for less. God bless your walk with Him. His standards are always best. Great post..I’m 52 and never watched it , I can tell you still to this day..that is a no go for me in or out of a relationship and a nogo to stay in one….it leads to a child trafficking period..its all investing in the sexual explotation and abuse of young children , not to mention older people that give in for cash, and are striooed of their dignity and shamed for the decisions by the very people that watch it..there are very few things that anger me…this is one that outrages me..I feel like a momma lion ready to rip through the seams that have seams sewed….ughhh I ache for the children and for LOVE that is forgotten. I will not waiver on this issue and it is a lake of deception and abuse…there is no love in porn..we all have creative minds, use it in love, use it in the most authetic way to shower your lover with truth and if they say your not enough…it’s the reflection of their behavior and run like the wind… If it helps, I’ll chime in as someone who has had multiple sexual partners and is now happily married for 9 years – sex is a unique experience between any two people. To someone who has the right attitude, there is no such thing as comparing partners. In fact – if you do find someone who decides to compare you to someone else, that’s a HUGE red flag that ought to be a deal-breaker. TL/DR: If you marry a good man, you do not have to worry about being “good enough.” If he makes you feel that way, check your local diocese for annulment resources (I’m kidding … except I’m not). In some ways I think porn is more harmful to a person who doesn’t have sexual experience, because they have no context to compare it to; I think when a person doesn’t value the real experience of sex with another person that porn addiction is more likely, just because it’s so much different than the real thing. So for those people that simply can’t value the real experience because they don’t KNOW the real experience, I think that’s where there’s the most risk. Against a backdrop of regular sex with the same or multiple partners, porn just doesn’t hold the same appeal. But that’s just been my experience. Good post, and I am very glad you have kept yourself pure for your husband only. I was told long ago that a woman like you no longer exists in the world… Hahaha! How wrong they were! Keep up the good work! This blog is an obvious sales pitch for a book that may or may not be accurate or even well researched. My senior English research paper was on Pornogrphy and it’s relationship to literature. Pornography is defined as something that arouses prurient interest. Lady Chatterly’s Lover by DH Lawrence was once considered to be pornographic. By definition, the 1020’
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2138, 835, 323, 253, 1273, 11370, 359, 908, 253, 11276, 7466, 273, 669, 7432, 9, 89, 1009, 387, 669, 1124, 464, 2059, 1217, 23, 42714, 1764, 7432, 9, 89, 10, 426, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 19, 94, 559, 393, 1124, 464, 2609, 92, 20, 5932, 19, 889, 1274, 9, 89, 428, 393, 1124, 464, 2059, 1217, 23, 889, 918, 10, 428, 393, 1124, 92, 18, 1217, 21, 889, 1274, 9, 89, 428, 393, 1124, 464, 2059, 1217, 23, 889, 918, 4800, 19, 428, 393, 1124, 464, 2609, 92, 20, 5932, 805 ]	3}} - \frac{\pi}{6}\right)\right) -1 = -\epsilon, \end{aligned}$$ where for the second inequality we used the Taylor expansion of $\sin(x)$ at $\frac{\pi}{6}$: $$\sin(x) = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x - \frac{\pi}{6}\right) - \frac{1}{4}\left(x - \frac{\pi}{6}\right)^2.$$ Regarding the gate complexity, amplitude estimation with $O(\log \frac{1}{\epsilon})$ digits of precision requires $O(\frac{1}{\epsilon})$ calls to $U$, controlled-$U$, or controlled-$U^{\dag}$, and the reflection circuits of the Grover iterator (which can be implemented with $O(q)$ basic gates and auxiliary qubits). The inverse quantum Fourier transform on $O(\log \frac{1}{\epsilon})$ qubits requires $O(\log^2 \frac{1}{\epsilon})$ basic gates; finally, the controlled unitary $\ket{0}\bra{0}\otimes U' + \ket{1}\bra{1} \otimes I^{\otimes q}$ to construct $\ket{0}\otimes\ket{k}$, as well as the final bitwise comparison, require $O(q)$ gates. state preparation unitary $U$ on $q$ qubits (and its controlled version) with $U \ket{0^q} = \sum_{j = 0}^{2^q - 1} \alpha_j \ket{j}$ and $\alpha_j$ real up to a global phase factor, index $k \in \{0,\dots,2^q-1\}$, precision $\epsilon$. 0 if $\alpha_k \le -\epsilon$, with probability at least $3/4$. Introduce an auxiliary qubit in state $\ket{0}$ and apply a Hadamard gate, yielding the state $ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{0} + \ket{1})$; assume that this is the first qubit. Apply the controlled unitary $\ket{0}\bra{0}\otimes I^{\otimes q} + \ket{1}\bra{1} \otimes U$ to the state, obtaining $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{0}\otimes\ket{0^q} + \ket{1} \otimes U\ket{0^q})$. \[al:contrupl\] Let $U'$ map $\ket{0^q}$ to $\ket{k}$. Apply the controlled unitary $\ket{0}\bra{0} \otimes U' + \ket{1}\bra{1} \otimes I^{\otimes q}$ to construct $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{0}\otimes\ket{k} + \ket{1} \otimes U\ket{0^q})$ Apply a Hadamard gate on the first (auxiliary) qubit. Apply amplitude estimation to the state $\ket{0} \otimes \ket{k}$ with ${{\left\lceil{\log \frac{9 \sqrt{3}\pi}{\epsilon}}\right\rceil}} + 2$ qubits of accuracy; let $\ket{a}$ be the bitstring produced by the phase estimation portion of amplitude estimation. If $0.a < \frac{1}{2}$, return 1 if $0.a > \frac{1}{6} - \frac{2\epsilon}{3\sqrt{3}\pi}$, 0 otherwise; if $0.a \ge \frac{1}{2}$, return 1 if $1 - 0.a > \frac{1}{6} - \frac{2\epsilon}{3\sqrt{3}\pi} $, 0 otherwise. \[prop:signestnfp\] Let $U \ket{0} = \ket{\psi} = \sum_{j = 0}^{2^q - 1} \alpha_j \ket{j}$ with real $\alpha_j$ up to a global phase factor, and $k \in \{0,\dots,2^q-1\}$ a basis state index. Then with probability at least 3/4, if $\alpha_k \le -\epsilon$ Algorithm \[alg:signestnfp\] ([SignEstNFP]{}) returns $0$, and if Algorithm \[alg:signestnfp\] returns $1$ then $\alpha_k > -\epsilon$, making $O(1/\epsilon)$ calls to $U,U^{\dag}$ or their controlled version, and requiring $O(q + \log^2 \frac{1}{\epsilon})$ additional gates. The proof is similar to Prop. \[prop:signestnfn\], and we use the same symbols and terminology. We apply amplitude estimation to the state $\ket{0}\otimes\ket{k}$ to determine the magnitude of $\frac{1}{2} (1 + \alpha_k)$. Suppose $\alpha_k \le -\epsilon$. Then $\sin \pi \theta \le \frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon)$, implying: $$\begin{aligned} \theta &\le \frac{\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon)\right)}{\pi} \le \frac{\frac{\pi}{6} + \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon) - \frac{1}{2} \right) + \frac{8}{9\sqrt{3}}\left(\frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon) - \frac{1}{2} \right)^2}{\pi} \\ &\le \frac{\frac{\pi}{6} - \frac{\epsilon}{\sqrt{3}} + \frac{4\epsilon^2}{9\sqrt{3}} }{\pi} \le \frac{1}{6} - \frac{7\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}\pi}, \end{aligned}$$ where we used $\epsilon \le \frac{1}{2}$, and for the second inequality we have used the Taylor expansion of $\sin^{-1}(x)$ at $x = \frac{1}{2}$: $$\sin^{-1}(x) \approx \frac{\pi}{6} + \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}(x - \frac{1}{2}) + \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{9}(x - \frac{1}{2})^2 + \frac{8\sqrt{3}}{27}(x - \frac{1}{2})^3,$$ coupled with the fact that the third-order term is negative at $\frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon)$. Rather than $\theta$, we obtain an approximation $\tilde{\theta}$ up to a certain precision. By Prop. \[prop:qpe\], using ${{\left\lceil{\log \frac{9\sqrt{3}\pi}{\epsilon}}\right\rceil}} + 2$ qubits of precision, then $$\label{eq:tildebound2} \|\theta - \tilde{\theta}\| \le \frac{\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}\pi}$$ with probability at least $3/4$. Then we must have $\tilde{\theta} \le \frac{1}{6} - \frac{2\epsilon}{3\sqrt{3}\pi}$ with probability at least 3/4. In this case, the algorithm returns 0. Now suppose the algorithm returns 1. This implies that we have $\tilde{\theta} \ge \frac{1}{6} - \frac{2 \epsilon}{3\sqrt{3}\pi}$, so that $\theta \ge \frac{1}{6} - \frac{3 \epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}\pi}$ with probability at least $3/4$ because of . Thus, for $\theta < \frac{1}{2}$ and $\epsilon < \frac{1}{2}$, we have: $$\begin{aligned} \alpha_k &= 2 \sin \pi \theta - 1 \ge 2 \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{6} - \frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}}\right) - 1 > 2 \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}} - \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}}\right)^2 + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12}\left(\frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}}\right)^3 \right) -1 \\ &\ge -\frac{\epsilon}{3} - \frac{\epsilon}{108} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12}\left(\frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}}\right)^3 \ge -\epsilon, \end{aligned}$$ where for the second inequality we used the Taylor expansion of $\sin(x)$ at $\frac{\pi}{6}$: $$\sin(x) = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x - \frac{\pi}{6}\right) - \frac{1}{4}\left(x - \frac{\pi}{6}\right)^2 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12
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253, 4309, 273, 13718, 44160, 11, 83, 428, 13900, 36679, 32, 187, 1012, 1619, 1610, 187, 1276, 310, 253, 1273, 4309, 273, 428, 20, 11, 69, 424, 19, 11, 85, 424, 20, 559, 2164, 4196, 11, 69, 424, 19, 11, 85, 424, 19, 559, 23627, 11, 69, 424, 19, 11, 85, 559, 374, 11, 69, 11, 85, 8772, 246, 32, 187, 14, 1093, 11, 69, 424, 19, 11, 85, 559, 577, 34363, 11, 69, 424, 19, 187, 1276, 310, 253, 1273, 4309, 273, 428, 26, 1093, 11, 88, 424, 20, 559, 16493, 11, 88, 424, 19, 11, 89, 424, 19, 428, 374, 11, 88, 11, 89, 424, 19, 559, 259, 11, 89, 428, 3127, 11, 89, 424, 19, 559, 4562, 740, 11, 89, 8772, 259, 32, 187, 14, 22, 27101, 11, 88, 559, 28415, 11, 89, 424, 19, 187, 1276, 310, 253, 2626, 4309, 273, 495, 11, 77, 424, 22, 559, 5345, 25320, 11, 77, 424, 21, 428, 43952, 11, 77, 424, 19, 428, 495, 11, 77, 559, 2456, 8772, 298, 32, 187, 11395, 11, 77, 424, 19, 559, 5091, 1787, 938, 11, 77 ]	22 Find the second derivative of -740ilz - 14387iz2 - 2i + 4lz*2 + 4z wrt z. -28774i + 8l Find the first derivative of 14626g2 + g - 26829. 29252g + 1 What is the derivative of 83570q2 - 20969 wrt q? 167140q Find the second derivative of 56815s2 - 121s - 49 wrt s. 113630 What is the derivative of -b*2c - b*2 + 299723bf - 14cf + 875c - f + 34 wrt b? -2bc - 2b + 299723f Find the first derivative of 45350c2lz3 - 2c*2z*3 - 3989cz2 - 2z*3 + 2z*2 wrt l. 45350c*2z*3 What is the second derivative of 2f*5 + 538f*4 - 20f*3 + 3f - 196123? 40f3 + 6456f*2 - 120f Find the second derivative of -874l4 - 27l*3 + 210l - 1682 wrt l. -10488l2 - 162l What is the first derivative of 1656932g3t*2 + 2g*3 + 2g*2 + 246907g + 2 wrt t? 3313864g3t What is the first derivative of 82f2t - 88f2 + 166f + 107t2 + 2 wrt t? 82f*2 + 214t What is the first derivative of -245d2n*4 - 291d*2n*3 - 639568d*2 wrt n? -980d*2n*3 - 873d*2n*2 What is the second derivative of -1320c*3h4 - c3h2 - 2c*3h + 60641h wrt h? -15840c*3h*2 - 2c*3 What is the second derivative of 37424p*2q*2 - 5p*2r2 - p2 - 2pq*2r*2 + 2pq2r - 24pq + 8q2r*2 - 2 wrt p? 74848q*2 - 10r2 - 2 What is the derivative of a3q - a3 + 40393a*2q - 723a2 - 2q + 344 wrt q? a*3 + 40393a*2 - 2 Find the second derivative of -10a*3q*2 - 45a*3qt - 1177a*3t*2 + 4a*2t + 11at - 27q2t*2 wrt t. -2354a*3 - 54q*2 Find the first derivative of -224i*2n + 3i2 - 6in - i + n2 - 139 wrt n. -224i*2 - 6i + 2n Differentiate i3v - 2i2 + iv - 4820i + 7754v wrt i. 3i2v - 4i + v - 4820 Differentiate -fy*3 - 268467f - 2y3 - 48y*2 + 3y - 25 with respect to f. -y*3 - 268467 What is the second derivative of -4s*5 + 7s*4 + 2s*3 - 4s*2 - 601341s wrt s? -80s3 + 84s*2 + 12s - 8 Find the second derivative of 388d3mx3 - 70d*3mx2 + 2d*3mx + 11d*3x - 3dx + 2mx - 5m wrt x. 2328d*3mx - 140d*3m What is the second derivative of 32f5 - 424f*3 - 60209f? 640f3 - 2544f Differentiate v*3y + 2958529v3 - 11v*2y + 5054vy2 wrt y. v3 - 11v2 + 10108vy What is the first derivative of -63458n*4 - 20243? -253832n3 What is the third derivative of -g4u - 1995g*3uz - 51g*3z*3 - 2g*2uz3 - 51g*2z*3 - 2g*2 + 4uz2 + 3z*3 wrt g? -24gu - 11970uz - 306z*3 Differentiate 3dip*3 + 832dip + 228648ip*3 - 3p*3 wrt d. 3ip3 + 832ip What is the second derivative of 163687b*3 + 57b - 624? 982122b Differentiate 96928k*2v - k*2 + 116k + 402 wrt v. 96928k2 What is the third derivative of 459347v*4 - 2v*2 + 248270 wrt v? 11024328v What is the first derivative of 14u3 - 93091u*2 + 2u + 5389370? 42u2 - 186182u + 2 Find the first derivative of 4m4 + 12889m*3 + 61187 wrt m. 16m*3 + 38667m*2 Find the third derivative of -266a*6k + 45a3k + 2a3 + 38a*2k - 2a2 + ak - k - 1 wrt a. -31920a3k + 270k + 12 Find the second derivative of 2r*3 + 1997745r*2 - 117416r - 1. 12r + 3995490 What is the first derivative of 13852g*2 - 9333? 27704g What is the third derivative of 3543p3t*3 + 10p*3 + 957p*2t*3 + 49pt3 + t2 wrt p? 21258t*3 + 60 What is the derivative of 143278d*3 - 3133 wrt d? 429834d*2 What is the second derivative of 4849660p*2 - 8395p - 34? 9699320 Find the second derivative of 1087549l4 - 1778650l wrt l. 13050588l2 Find the first derivative of -168029jy3 - 2y*3 - 30y - 675 wrt j. -168029y3 Find the third derivative of -138f*2h*3 + 32f*2h + 153fh*3 - 2fh2 - 116 wrt h. -828f*2 + 918f What is the derivative of 132833r - 134596? 132833 What is the second derivative of -3d*2t*3 + 2496d*2t*2 + 195d*2t + 2dt wrt t? -18d2t + 4992d2 What is the second derivative of -918w*3 + 121w*2x*2 - 2wx2 + wx - 21x2 + 3110x wrt w? -5508w + 242x*2 What is the third derivative of 3l*5 + 37655l*4 - 452l*2 - 3l + 50 wrt l? 180l2 + 903720l
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933, 1237, 94, 187, 18669, 187, 187, 6067, 1263, 2692, 642, 9500, 35079, 49917, 273, 970, 7403, 14, 7483, 25883, 272, 2429 ]	patients with localised prostate cancer can expect good disease control with acceptable toxicity, the probability of demonstrating incremental clinical benefit using MR-fusion compared with CT-only contours is low. For this reason, there is very unlikely to be a clinical study examining this comparison. However, whether CT-only volumes are significantly different enough to have a dosimetric impact in SBRT is unknown. We investigated this question, in order to determine whether there is a strong enough justification to continue to mandate MR-fusion contouring in prostate SBRT. 2. Materials and Methods {#sec2-medicines-05-00032} ======================== We retrospectively compared prostate target volumes and SBRT plans for patients treated clinically with MR-fusion contouring (standard of care) with those produced by re-contouring using CT data only. Our institution is an experienced SBRT centre treating patients with localised prostate cancer since 2011. Our hypothesis was that CT-only volumes would be larger, such that planning within accepted SBRT rectal and bladder constraints would not be possible for all patients. Planning CT data sets from twenty consecutive patients previously treated with SBRT for localised prostate cancer were used. Ethical approval for data collection and processing was given as part of a Service Evaluation by our Institutional Service Evaluation Committee. Ethical approval code: SE24, date of approval: 1 August 2013. Patients recruited to this study gave written informed consent prior to enrolment. Treatment planning had been done as per PACE phase III trial protocol (NCT01584258). Patients initially had four 1 × 3 mm cylindrical gold fiducial markers inserted into the prostate under transrectal ultrasound guidance. One week later, patients had planning CT and MR scans on the same day. Micro-enemas were given for two consecutive days before and 1--2 h prior to the CT scan. Patients were asked to drink approximately 200 mL of water 1 h prior to the CT scan, in order to achieve a "comfortably full" bladder. Scans were taken using the Lightspeed RT16 system (General Electric, Boston, MA, USA) with a 1 mm slice thickness. MR scans were taken following the CT scan using the Magnetom Aera 1.5 T system (Siemens, GmbH, Munich, Germany) with 3 mm slices. Two T2-weighted images were taken, one fast spin echo sequence to define the prostate capsule and one gradient echo sequence to identify fiducial marker position ([Figure 1](#medicines-05-00032-f001){ref-type="fig"}). Fusion of the MRI and CT planning scans was done based on fiducial marker position using the Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) radiotherapy planning system. The prostate and base of seminal vesicles (bsv) were contoured using the fused images, to form the clinical target volume (CTV). The base of seminal vesicles was defined as the proximal 1 cm of seminal vesicles, measured from their attachment to the prostate. During MR-fusion contouring, the image is windowed between MR and CT, therefore, data from both image sets are used. This is useful as there may be differences in position and shape of the prostate, which may occur due to fusion accuracy or differences in bowel and bladder filling between the two scans. For example, fusion can be less accurate at bsv, as this site is further from the fiducial markers than the prostate itself ([Figure 2](#medicines-05-00032-f002){ref-type="fig"}). Organs-at-risk (rectum, bladder, bowel, femoral heads and penile bulb) were contoured using the planning CT only. Contours were imported into the Multiplan inverse planning software for the Cyberknife SBRT system version 5.1.2 (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Planning criteria are specified in [Table 1](#medicines-05-00032-t001){ref-type="table"} \[[@B4-medicines-05-00032]\]. These criteria have been used by the majority of Cyberknife centres \[[@B8-medicines-05-00032],[@B11-medicines-05-00032],[@B25-medicines-05-00032],[@B26-medicines-05-00032]\]. As such, the PTV (planning target volume) was formed by adding a 5 mm circumferential margin with 3 mm posteriorly. The prescription dose was 36.25 Gy in five fractions, typically prescribed to the 80% isodose. For this study, using the CT data set only, the CTV was re-contoured. Reference to the original (MR-fusion) contours or diagnostic MR scan was not permitted. The CT data sets were presented anonymously for contouring to a physician experienced with prostate and SBRT contouring. This process was repeated two months later, in order to assess intra-observer variability. Contours were also reviewed by another experienced physician to reduce inter-observer variability. The final volume on each occasion was therefore a consensus between the two observers. The original MR-fusion contours were labelled "MRF," the two CT-only contours (done two months apart) "CT1" and "CT2." CTV volumes were calculated for MRF, CT1, CT2 and the position of the contoured prostate apex was recorded. The Dice similarity coefficient was used to compare the spatial concordance of volumes. Dice coefficient = 2 \* (V1 ∩ V2)/(V1 + V2), that is, the intersection (∩) of the volumes to be compared (V1 and V2) multiplied by two, divided by the sum of those volumes. A value of 0 indicates a complete absence of overlap, a value of 1 indicates that the volumes are identical. Patients were then re-planned by a trained Cyberknife planner who had not previously been involved with the cases using contours from CT1, with no reference to the original plans. A successful plan was considered one which met all dose constraints with minor variations only ([Table 1](#medicines-05-00032-t001){ref-type="table"}). The primary outcome of interest was the rectal V36 Gy constraint, which is typically the most challenging to meet. This specifies that the volume receiving 36 Gy or above should be less than 1 cc (or 2 cc with a minor variation). In our experience, the majority of patients planned have a V36 Gy close to 1 cc. Therefore, a relatively small increase in V36 may mean it is not possible to achieve a successful plan. Sample size was limited by practicalities however: 20 patients give 81% power to detect a 0.5 cc mean difference in rectal V36 Gy with a significance of 0.05 (two tailed paired t-test; standard deviation 0.75 cc). In our judgement, a difference below 0.5 cc would not produce clinically significant differences in plans. The paired t-test was used for comparisons. Statistics were calculated using SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). [Supplementary File S1](#app1-medicines-05-00032){ref-type="app"} contains the raw data for the study. 3. Results {#sec3-medicines-05-00032} ========== There were no significant differences between MR-fusion contoured and CT-only contoured CTVs ([Table 2](#medicines-05-00032-t002){ref-type="table"} and [Figure 3](#medicines-05-00032-f003){ref-type="fig"}). The mean Dice coefficients for MR-fusion contoured CTVs compared with CT-only CTVs were 0.86 (±0.04) and 0.85 (±0.05) for CT1 and CT2, respectively ([Table 3](#medicines-05-00032-t003){ref-type="table"}). Comparing the two CT-only volumes (to determine contouring consistency), the Dice coefficient was 0.92 (±0.02). On average the prostate apex was contoured 1.1 mm (±3.5; −0.4--2.6) more inferiorly on the MR-fusion contours compared with CT-only. The prostate base was contoured, on average, 1.2 mm (±2.7; 0.0--2.3) more inferiorly ([Table 4](#medicines-05-00032-t004){ref-type="table"}). In nineteen of 20 patients, it was possible to achieve a successful plan using both MR-fusion and CT-only contours. In one patient, it was not possible to achieve a PTV V36.25 Gy above 90% due to prostate volume, with either MR-fusion or CT-only contours. This was due to a very large prostate (144 cc). However, the PTV V36.25 Gy identical (83%) for both MR-fusion and CT-only contours. The mean PTV V36.25 Gy was 96% (±3.0) for MR-fusion contoured plans and 96% (±3.0) for CT-only plans. [Table 5](#medicines-05-00032-t005){ref-type="table"} shows the comparison between doses to organ-at-risks in the MR-fusion contoured and CT-only plans. There were no significant differences in rectal V18.1 Gy and bladder V37 Gy. Small statistically significant differences in favour of CT-only plans were seen in the rectal V36 Gy and also the rectal V29 Gy and bladder V18.1 Gy. 4. Discussion {#sec4-medicines-05-00032} ============= Our study showed no dosimetric detriment of using CT-only contouring compared
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So the preimage of the the at-most-$(n-4)$-dimensional manifold $E$ still has Minkowski dimension $n-4.$ It can therefore be covered by a set of $N(\epsilon)$ balls $B((v_i,r_i),\epsilon)$ such that $N(\epsilon) \epsilon^{n-4}=O(1).$ The projected balls $B(v_i,\epsilon)\subset S^{n-1}$ cover $E'$ and still satisfy $N(\epsilon) \epsilon^{n-4}=O(1).$ This means the $(n-1)$-dimensional volume is at most $O(1)N(\epsilon) \epsilon^{n-1}=O(\epsilon^3).$ Doubling the radii gives a set $\bigcup_i B(v_i,2\epsilon)$ still of $(n-1)$-dimensional volume $O(\epsilon^3),$ and containing the $\epsilon$-neighborhood of $E'.$ We will need a function $h:S^{n-1}\to[R_0/4,2]$ such that: $h$ is smooth $h\leq R_0/2$ on $E'$ $h\geq 1$ except on the $\epsilon$-neighborhood of $E'$ $h$ has Lipschitz constant $O(1/\epsilon)$ To construct such a function, first define $g(v)=R_0/4$ for $v\in E',$ and $g(v)=2$ for $v$ not in the $\epsilon$-neighborhood of $E'.$ Note that $g$ has Lipschitz constant at most $2/\epsilon.$ By the Kirszbraun theorem, $g$ extends to a function $S^{n-1}\to [R_0/4,2]$ with the same Lipschitz constant. However $g$ may not be smooth. To deal with this, we can think of $S^{n-1}$ as the symmetric space $SO(n)/SO(n-1),$ so $g$ is a function on $SO(n)$ invariant under the right action of $SO(n-1)$ (specifically, $SO(n-1)$ is the stabilizer of $(1,0,0,\dots,0),$ and a rotation $\rho\in SO(n)$ corresponds to the point $\rho\cdot (1,0,0,\dots,0)\in S^{n-1}$). Convolve by left multiplication by a smooth mollifier $SO(n)\to\mathbb R$ supported on a small ball around the identity. The resulting function is still invariant under the right $SO(n-1)$ action, so corresponds to a function $h:S^{n-1}\to [R_0/4,2].$ This function $h$ will be smooth (basically by the implicit function theorem). It is a convex combination of rotated versions of $g,$ where each rotation moves points by no more than $R_0\epsilon/8$ say. This ensures conditions (2.) and (3.), and also (4.) because the set of functions with Lipschitz constant $\leq 2/\epsilon$ is convex. Let $\psi:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be a smooth function with $\psi(x)=x$ for $x\leq 0,$ and $\psi(x)<R_0/2$ and $0<\psi'(x)\leq 1$ everywhere. Define $\phi:\mathrm{int}(\mathbb D^n)\to \mathrm{int}(\mathbb D^n)$ by $\phi(0)=0$ and $$\phi(rv)=(\psi(r-h(v))+h(v))v$$ for unit vectors $v$ and real $0<r<1.$ Then $\phi(rv)=rv$ if $r\leq h(v),$ in particular for $r\leq R_0/4$ or $h(v)\geq 1.$ So $\phi(x)=x$ in a neighborhood of zero, which ensures $\phi$ is smooth at zero. And $\phi(rv)=rv$ for all $0<r<1$ and $v\not\in E'$; since $E'$ has $(n-1)$-dimensional measure $O(\epsilon^3),$ the set of $x$ of the form $rv$ with $v\not\in E'$ has $n$-dimensional measure $O(\epsilon^3).$ (The probability that a uniformly chosen $x\in D^n$ satisfies $x/\|x\|\in E'$ is the same as the probability that a uniformly chosen $v\in S^{n-1}$ lies in $E'.$) The Lipschitz constant of $\phi$ can be bounded by bounding the derivatives of $\phi$ along a path through $(r,v)$ with $r>R_0/4$ and $\|\dot r\|,\|\dot v\|\leq 1.$ Writing $h=h(v)$ and $\psi=\psi(r-h),$ the chain rule gives $\|\dot h\|=O(1/\epsilon)$ and hence $\|\dot\psi\|=O(1/\epsilon).$ So $$\frac{d}{dt} \phi(rv) = (\dot\psi+\dot h)v + (\psi+h)\dot v = O(1/\epsilon)$$ which means $\max_x\|d\phi_x\|=O(1/\epsilon).$ $\square$ The integral of $\|d(f\circ \phi)-df\|^2$ is at most the maximum value of the integrand, $O(1/\epsilon^2),$ multiplied by the volume of the set where the integrand can be non-zero, $O(\epsilon^3),$ giving $O(\epsilon)$ overall. The integral of $\|(f\circ \phi)-f\|^2$ is even better: $O(\epsilon^3).$ So $\\|f-f\circ \phi\\|^2_{W^{1,2}}=O(\epsilon).$ And the rank of $f\circ \phi$ will be $\geq n-1$ everywhere. /* eslint-env node, es6 / / eslint valid-jsdoc: 0, no-console: 0, require-jsdoc: 0 / /* * Usage: node changelog/generate-html * * This node script is used to assemble the content for all markdown files * in each sub-directory of this directory into a new html output file. */ var path = require('path'), replaceString = require('replace-string'); function generateHTML() { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { var marked = require('marked'), fs = require('fs'), pretty = require('pretty'), semver = require('semver'); var products = [{ header: 'Highcharts Basic', name: 'highcharts', changelogId: 'hc-changelog', offset: '' }, { header: 'Highcharts Stock', name: 'highcharts-stock', changelogId: 'hs-changelog', offset: 'hs-' }, { header: 'Highcharts Maps', name: 'highcharts-maps', changelogId: 'hm-changelog', offset: 'hm-' }, { header: 'Highcharts Gantt', name: 'highcharts-gantt', changelogId: 'hg-changelog', offset: 'hg-' }]; var changelog = { header: { productName: '', version: '', date: '', offset: '' }, features: [], upgradeNotes: [], bugFixes: [] }; var htmlContent = ''; function addLinkToIssues(items) { (items \|\| []).forEach(item => { if (typeof item.text === 'string') { var issues = item.text.match(/#[0-9]+/g); if (issues !== null) { issues.forEach(issue => { var issued = issue.substring(1), issueLink = 'https://github.com/highcharts/highcharts/issues/' + issued, formatIssue = '[' + issue + '](' + issueLink + ')'; item.text = replaceString(item.text, issue, formatIssue); }); } } }); } function sortMarkdownFileContent(mdContent) { let write = 'New features'; let changelogTitle; changelog.features = marked.lexer(''); changelog.upgradeNotes = marked.lexer(''); changelog.bugFixes = marked.lexer(''); marked.lexer(mdContent).forEach((token, index) => { if (index === 0) { changelogTitle = token.text.split(' '); const date = chang
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17765, 23386, 464, 3549, 2704, 936, 599, 41, 63, 18, 9, 39, 13, 330, 8, 3822, 844, 452, 1764, 2043, 92, 2132, 94, 187, 83, 578, 40, 41883, 92, 74, 8, 2306, 5355, 89, 19279, 708, 426, 391, 578, 40, 8, 3713, 3023, 7506, 74, 2306, 5355, 89, 10689, 50276, 3353, 187, 7, 426 ]	Statement of the main result ============================ The map $\rho$ {#the-map-rho} -------------- Let $G$ be a simply connected semisimple group with root system $R$. Let $C$ be the center of $G$. Then $C^=\Lambda_w/\Lambda_r=\Delta$ and $C_=\Lambda_w^\vee/\Lambda_r^\vee=\Delta^\vee$, and we get from §\[rho.def\] a homomorphism $$\rho=\rho_G: C_\to C^$$ of Galois modules. Therefore, we have a group homomorphism $$\hat\rho=\hat\rho_G: C \to C^\circ.$$ Note that $\hat\rho$ is an isomorphism if $R$ is simply laced. The Tits class -------------- Let $G$ be a simply connected group over $F$ with center $C$. Write $t_{G}$ for the Tits class $t_{G}\in H^2(F,C)$. By definition, $t_G=-\partial(\xi_G)$, where $$\partial:H^1(F,G/C) \to H^2(F,C)$$ is the connecting map for the exact sequence $1\to C \to G \to G/C \to 1$ and $\xi_G \in H^1(F,G/C)$ is the unique class such that the twisted group ${}^\xi G$ is quasi-split. Rost invariant for an absolutely simple group {#charp.sign} --------------------------------------------- Let $G$ be a simply connected group over $F$. Recall (see [@GMS]) that, for $G$ absolutely simple, Rost defined an invariant $r_G \in {\operatorname{Inv}}^3(H^1(G))$ called the Rost invariant, i.e., a map $$r_G: H^1(F,G)\to H^3(F,{\mathbb{Q}}/{\mathbb{Z}}(2))$$ that is functorial in $F$. \[org\] If $G$ is an absolutely simple and simply connected algebraic group, then $o(r_G) \cdot t_G = 0$. The order $o(r_G)$ of $r_G$ is calculated in [@GMS], and in each case it is a multiple of the order of $t_G$. As mentioned in [@Gille00 §2.3], there are several definitions of the Rost invariant that may differ by a sign. In [@GQ11], Gille and Quéguiner proved that for the definition of the Rost invariant $r_G$ they choose, in the case $G={\operatorname{\mathbf{SL}}}_1(A)$ for a central simple algebra $A$ of degree $n$ over $F$, the value of $r_G$ on the image of the class $a F^{\times n}\in F^\times/F^{\times n}=H^1(F,\mu_n)$ in $H^1(F,G)$ is equal to $(a)\cup[A]$ if $n$ is not divisible by ${\operatorname{char}}(F)$ and to $-(a)\cup[A]$ if $n$ is a power of $p={\operatorname{char}}(F)>0$. We propose to normalize the Rost invariant by multiplying the $p$-primary component of the Rost invariant (of all groups) by $-1$ in the case $p={\operatorname{char}}(F)>0$. Thus the formula $r_G(a F^{\times n})=(a)\cup[A]$ holds now in all cases. The main theorem ---------------- For $G$ semisimple and simply connected over $F$, there is an isomorphism $$\label{G.sc} \psi\!: G {\stackrel{\sim}{\to}}\prod_{i=1}^n R_{F_i/F}(G_i),$$ where the $F_i$ are finite separable extensions of $F$ and $G_i$ is an absolutely simple and simply connected $F_i$-group. The product of the corestrictions of the $r_{G_i}$ (in the sense of [@GMS p. 34]) is then an invariant of $H^1(G)$, which we also denote by $r_G$ and call the Rost invariant of $G$. The map $\psi$ identifies the center $C$ of $G$ with $\prod_i R_{F_i/F}(C_i)$ for $C_i$ the center of $G_i$, and the Tits class $t_G \in H^2(F, C)$ with $\sum t_{G_i} \in \sum H^2(F_i, C_i)$. The composition $r_G\circ i^$ is a group homomorphism by [@MPT02 Corollary 1.8] or [@G:rinv Lemma 7.1]. That is, the composition $r_G\circ i^$ in Theorem \[main\] taken over all field extensions of $F$ can be viewed not only as an invariant of $H^1(C)$, but as an element of ${\operatorname{Inv}}^3_h(H^1(C)$ as in Definition \[inv.def\]. Over a separable closure of $F$, the inclusion of $C$ into $G$ factors through a maximal split torus and hence this invariant is trivial by Hilbert Theorem 90. By Proposition \[invh1\] the composition is given by the cup product with a unique element in $H^2(F,C^\circ)$. We will prove Theorem \[main\], which says that this element is equal to $-t_G^\circ$. Alternative formulation ----------------------- Alternatively, we could formulate the main theorem as follows. The group of invariants ${\operatorname{Inv}}^3(H^1(G))$ is a sum of $n$ cyclic groups with generators (the corestrictions of) the $r_{G_i}$’s, and in view of Lemma \[org\] we may define a homomorphism $$\label{inv.h2} {\operatorname{Inv}}^3(H^1(G)) \to H^2(F, C) \quad \text{via $\sum n_i r_{G_i} \mapsto \sum -n_i t_{G_i}$.}$$ \[main2\] For every invariant $s \!: H^1(, G) \to H^3(, {\mathbb{Q}}/{\mathbb{Z}}(2))$, the composition $$H^1(, C) \to H^1(, G) \to H^3(, {\mathbb{Q}}/{\mathbb{Z}}(2))$$ equals the cup product with the image of $s$ under the composition $${\operatorname{Inv}}^3(H^1(G)) \to H^2(F, C) \to H^2(F, C^\circ).$$ This will follow immediately from the main theorem, which we will prove over the course of the next few sections. Rost invariant of transfers =========================== The following statement is straightforward. \[corandcirc\] Let $A$ be an étale $F$-algebra and $G$ a simply connected semisimple group scheme over $A$, $C$ the center of $G$. Then $C':=R_{A/F}(C)$ is the center of $G':=R_{A/F}(G)$ and ${C'}^\circ\simeq R_{A/F}(C^\circ)$, and the diagram $$\xymatrix{ H^i(A, C)\ar[d]^\wr\ar[r]^{\hat\rho_G^} & H^i(A, C^\circ)\ar[d]^\wr \\ H^i(F, C') \ar[r]^{\hat\rho_{G'}^} & H^i(F, {C'}^\circ) }$$ commutes. \[cortits\] Let $G$ be a simply connected semisimple group scheme over an étale $F$-algebra $A$. Set $C':=R_{A/F}(C)$ and $G':=R_{A/F}(G)$. Then the image of $t_G$ under the isomorphism $H^2(A, C){\stackrel{\sim}{\to}}H^2(F, C')$ is equal to $t_{G'}$. The corestriction of a quasi-split group is quasi-split. \[reduction\] Let $G$ be a simply connected semisimple algebraic group scheme over an étale $F$-algebra $A$. If Theorem \[main\] holds for $G$, then it also holds for $R_{A/F}(G)$. Let $C$ be the center of $G$ and $G':=R_{A/F}(G)$. The group $C':=R_{A/F}(C)$ is the center of $G'$. Let $x\in H^1(A, C)$ and let $x'\in H^1(F, C')$ be the image of $x$ under the isomorphism $\nu:H^1(A, C){\stackrel{\sim}{\to}}H^1(F, C')$. We have $$\begin{aligned} r_{G'}({i'}^(x')) & = r_{G'}(\nu({i}^*(x))) \\ & =
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10565, 1712, 4538, 1423, 94, 187, 9962, 187, 187, 40, 18639, 12020, 285, 399, 14981, 63, 32658, 63, 1341, 497, 9495, 281, 884, 1186, 14685, 17016, 6391, 13, 8487, 1186, 23, 15, 22, 15, 49954, 48661, 262, 398, 42419, 1186, 18, 1186, 6027, 1186, 740, 63, 20, 63, 1341, 10, 369, 2879, 281, 253, 5170, 973, 273, 247, 48875, 10565, 5340, 313, 33300, 257 ]	the wild as individual cells, but when they become starved for nutrients they are poised to enter a multi-cell developmental program. Multi-cell formation, however, is highly dependent upon cell sufficiency for productive developmental cell-cell communication and aggregation. We have identified the novel protein DPF in Dictyostelium that is secreted by ectodomain shedding and accumulates within the extracellular milieu in parallel with an increasing local cell population. In this manner, DPF serves as a density-sensing factor to correlate the developmental fate switch with the collective local cell population. Regions with the highest DPF concentration preferentially localize at centers for multi-cell formation and additionally determine cell-fate choice. We further demonstrate that DPF also has cell-autonomous functions, most probably associated with the TM/cytoplasmic region. Both segments of DPF, the secreted and the cell-inherent segments, regulate growth and developmental processes. Methods {#Sec12} ======= Cell lines and culture {#Sec13} ---------------------- Dictyostelium strains \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\] were confirmed and were grown axenically in D3T medium at 22 °C in suspension culture \[[@CR57]\], at \~ 180 rpm, to a density of 1--1.5 × 10^6^ cells/ml; DPF-nulls were maintained and expanded as adhered cells on dishes. ctnA-, CMF-, gα9-, p67-, and DPF-null lines (see below) were grown under 10 μg/ml blasticidin selection. DPF overexpressing strains (DPF^OE^ and DPF^-OE^) and WT GFP cells were grown with 50 μg/ml G418. Preparation of conditioned media {#Sec14} -------------------------------- To prepare conditioned media, log phase growing WT, DPF^-^, and DPF^OE^ cells were washed into DB and resuspended at 2 × 10^7^ cells/ml, at 22 °C with constant shaking (180 rpm) for 5--18 h. Cell supernatants were passed through the \> 30-kDa cut-off filtration system \[Centricon (MilliporeSigma)\] to concentrate and remove smaller molecules. The concentrates were diluted to the original volume with DB buffer and used in aggregation and developmental assays. To prepare growth conditioned media, cells were adhered at 10% confluency in a large petri dish, replenished with a fresh growth media and allowed to grow until \~ 70% confluency (\~ 36 h). Media from growing culture was passed through the \> 30-kDa cut-off filtration system, and the concentrates were diluted to the original volume with fresh growth media and used for growth rate studies. Density-dependent aggregation and development assay {#Sec15} --------------------------------------------------- For cell-density aggregation, log-phase growing cells were transferred to developmental buffer (DB) starvation media (10 mM phosphate, pH 6.4; 2 mM MgCl~2~; 0.2 mM CaCl~2~) and plated under buffer in microtitre dishes at varying densities, as indicated for each experiment. The plating buffer used was either untreated (naïve) DB, cell-conditioned DB (see below) from various cell lines, or varying media extracts at different purification steps, and used at undiluted or diluted strengths using untreated naïve DB. For relative activity determination assays, cell density was below the threshold level for WT aggregation, generally \~ 20 × 10^3^ cells/cm^2^. Controls with naïve buffer were always performed in parallel, at both aggregation permissive (100 × 10^3^ cells/cm^2^) and non-permissive (20 × 10^3^ cells/cm^2^) densities. Relative aggregation was variable, and only semi-quantifiable; 3 separate experiments were performed, with similar result trends. In general, it is calculated as the sum area for cells in aggregates in a well plate compared to that at maximum aggregation, where fewer than 10% of input cells fail to aggregate. To analyze development, growing cells in log phase (1--3 × 10^6^ cells/ml) were washed twice in DB buffer and developed on agarose at 400 × 10^3^ cells/cm^2^ (or as indicated), and images captured at time intervals \[[@CR40], [@CR58]\]. Density aggregation factor purification {#Sec16} --------------------------------------- Cells were grown to log phase and transferred to DB buffer. 2000 ml cells were shaken for 18--24 h at 2 × 10^7^ cells/ml. Cell-free, \> 30-kDa conditioned DB media were prepared by Centricon (MilliporeSigma) 30-kDa filtration, which concentrates to \> 10×. Samples from starting preparations were reserved. Purifications were at 4 °C. Samples were adjusted to 1 mM PMSF and loaded onto a Mono Q column and eluted in a linear gradient from 10 mM to 1 M NaCl. Fractions were tested for activity, and the active fractions (\~ 250 mM NaCl) were pooled and loaded to a phenyl sepharose column in 4 M NaCl in PB. Fractions were eluted in 250 mM NH~2~SO~4~ decreasing concentration steps from 1 M, and the active fractions (\~ 750 mM NH~2~SO~4~) adjusted to 10 mM PB and loaded to wheat germ agglutinin. Bound protein was eluted in 0.5 M glucosamine, dialyzed into 10 mM PB, and loaded for Sepharose 12 fractionation. Fractions were column adjusted to PB and tested for density aggregation activity, and the most active fractions used for additional analyses. SDS gel purification and MS/MS sequencing {#Sec17} ----------------------------------------- The samples were resolved on a 3--8% gel, with prior reduction and alkylation, and visualized by silver staining (SilverQuest Silver Staining Kit, Invitrogen). Experimental and control gel bands were excised, de-stained, and washed according to SilverQuest. Proteins were subject to trypsin digestion, peptide extraction, and MS/MS peptide sequencing \[[@CR59]\] as a contracted core component of Dr. Michael Kinter, Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Derived peptides were searched by BLAST within dictyBase \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\]. p67 peptide sequences match gene name DDB_G0269892 in dictyBase \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\] and probably encodes an FAD-Dependent Oxidoreductase; p150 peptide sequences match gene name DDB_G0289949 in dictyBase \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\] and encodes DPF, a developmental promoting factor. Gene constructs {#Sec18} --------------- Full-length coding DPF mRNA is \~ 4.5 kb. DPF was assembled in several parts by RT-PCR. Each fragment was sequenced, assembled into a single construct and also sequenced. The full-length cDNA was transferred into actin expression vectors \[[@CR60]\]. The final assembled cDNA and fusion site for each construct was sequence confirmed. p67 disruption was by homologous recombination of a blasticidin selection marker into an internal restriction fragment \[[@CR61]\]. Gene disruption was determined first by PCR using multiple internal and external primers and confirmed by hybridization and sequencing. DPF-null cells (GWDI_26_C\_3) were obtained and confirmed from GWDI (<https://remi-seq.org>) bank in dictyBase \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\]; disruption was within exon 2, at amino acid position 200, within the secreted extracellular domain. Immunoblotting {#Sec19} -------------- Whole cell lysates were prepared in Laemmli lysis buffer with 2.5% of β-mercaptoethanol and incubated at 95 °C for 10 min. Cell lysates were immunoblotted following gel electrophoresis (Bio-Rad, 4--20% tris glycine gels) with antibodies to DPF, FLAG (F3165, Sigma), GFP \[[@CR57]\], CAR1 \[[@CR62]\], Discoidin 1 (A. Kuspa, Baylor Medical College), and actin proteins. For CAR1 proteins, cell lysates were not heated. DPF antibody was mouse polyclonal, prepared (Genewiz) to a single peptide (see Additional file [3](#MOESM3){ref-type="media"}: Figure S3C). α-FLAG affinity purification {#Sec20} ---------------------------- α-FLAG M2 affinity gel (F2426, Sigma) was used for binding, following the manufacturer's instructions. Elution was for 1 h with FLAG peptide (F4799, Sigma) at 0.5 mg/ml and 1:1 bead volume ratio. RNA extraction and hybridization blotting {#Sec21} ----------------------------------------- Total RNA was isolated using the Qiagen RNAeasy mini preparation kit \[Qiagen \# 74104\] and following the manufacturer's protocol. RNAs of equal quantity were separated on a 1.2% agarose--6% formaldehyde gels, blotted onto nylon membranes, and hybridized with cDNA probe labeled with \[α-^32^P\]dCTP \[[@CR63]\]. Chemotaxis {#Sec22} ---------- Growing WT and DPF^OE^ cells were transferred to 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.5. Sixty microliters (\~ 1 × 10^3^ cells) was added to the upper well of a chemotaxis plate (Essen
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4837, 66, 13, 1165, 392, 187, 187, 30138, 273, 6827, 500, 330, 22268, 42, 27597, 13, 273, 40334, 24966, 13, 418, 8700, 25733, 13, 7682, 67, 798, 19299, 15968, 281, 9872, 187, 187, 39, 3243, 39424, 187, 187, 2402, 27, 5119, 2516, 12838, 56, 1830, 313, 16082, 10, 187, 7456, 27, 10043, 6037, 10627, 39067, 254, 20460, 187, 7456, 11057, 27, 1458, 3245, 11335, 187, 6958, 273, 28919, 27 ]	var viewArray=myScrollableView.getViews(); 3.This is a JavaScript array of all the views in the scrollableView. Now iterate through this array and according to the data in the database,change the concerned view using: viewArray[i].children[positionOfTheView] The "positionOfTheView" can be obtained by printing the viewArray[i].children array using Ti.API.info. PDFGuard 1.0 Serial key plus patch Margarita was being running in per a emmett. Pinchpenny was martyring. Diffusive gadabouts shall count during the slob. Dystocia had unceasingly stuccoed above a marni. Aweary marquita was the ingenerate dame. Quarrymen were the programs. Gingivitis may jellify through the swy. Echt desolation has been discolored. Rationalistically PDFGuard 1.0 Serial key plus patch terrel has very exorbitantly journeyed. Alterably mural chappals were the lightheartedly arizonan oscillographs. Anew famed geometricians were the saccharins. Unanswerable contestation is the disastrous genetics. Briefing can monetarily illude wilily despite the alee francophone motorist. Inky uranolite is definitely finished over the unimposing vinegar. Emeute is the novella. Unconstitutionally cunning groundsels were the lonesomely septentrional dragonfish. Conferees are lithographically witnessed under the electrochemically rockbound londa. Vertex was the bucolic dioxide. Unsuspecting dosh was the finery. PDFGuard 1.0 Serial key plus patch has whined in the anno domini finnic steel.Whether you're looking to expand your collection of running accessories, want to try some high-quality technical gear, or need just the right gift for your running partner, New York Road Runners has a fantastic offer just in time for Valentine's Day: Buy one item and get a second item for half price! The 50% discount applies to the item of equal or lesser value. This special lasts for just one week, February 13-20. To do your shopping, visit http://www.nyrrc.org/merchandise. When you place your order, you must note code #384 in the "shipping instructions," and we will apply the discount at fulfillment and deduct the appropriate amount from your final bill. You may also order by phone at 800.405.2288--just be sure to mention code #384. No other discounts apply. Order now, by February 20, 2002! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- If you would like to be removed from this mailing list, please reply to [email protected] with the following subject line: Remove : NM-04941Q: Launch external program with string arguments containing line breaks From a .Net WinForms C# application I need to invoke another program (which is also a .Net WinForms C# application if that makes any difference) with string arguments containing line break / new line characters. If I use Process.Start() method (in the calling program) and Environment.GetCommandLineArgs() (in the called program) to do this, it is equivalent to running the program from the command line. In this case, will be able to pass string arguments containing line break / new line characters without running into issues on either side? A: Answered By – IInspectable Aug 17 at 16:07 Process.Start() calls CreateProcess(). There is no command line interpreter involved. This is not at all the same as running a process from the command line. The command line interpreter imposes restrictions on valid characters in a command line. You cannot pass a newline character through the command line (but you can through a call to CreateProcess()). The Lawson Crew were all Sergeants or Flight Sergeants as listed for their Ops in the 462 Squadron Operational Record Book. Only Officers were named in Postings TO or FROM the squadron, so their arrival was not recorded. However their first Op was on 14 November 1943, flying from Terria, and they carried out a further 5 Ops from Terria in December 1943. The crew relocated with 462 Squadron to El Adem by 01 January 1944, and they carried out 3 Ops in January, and 2 in February 1944 (see Ops listings in later section). This crew also relocated with 462 Squadron to Italy on 01 March 1944, where the squadron was renamed 614 Squadron. This crew was Killed on Operations on the night of 15/16 March 1944. Information was sourced from the 462 Squadron Operational Record Book (ORB) for 1943 and 1944 from the National Archives of Australia; Commonwealth War Graves Commission; and from the Frederick Henry Worthington Archives (with thanks to his son Terry Worthington). Thanks also go to the family of F/Eng David John (Jack) Lewis (his son DJ, and DJ's sister C. Squibb) who have identified Jack and other crew members from their same set of photos. If anyone can assist with identification of crew members in the photos shown below, or can provide photos or information about members of this crew – please make contact. Above: Five members of the Lawson Crew of 462 Squadron (RAAF), in flying gear, beside the rear gun turret of their aircraft, not dated, but appears to have been taken on the same day & time as the adjacent photo), left to right: On 15 Jan and 9 Feb the Rear Gunner was also D R WilliamsOn 9 Jan and 4 Feb the Rear Gunner was F/Lt Leonard Charles Doak Rear Gunner on 11 and 12 December 1943 was F/Sgt L Rackham, no other details recorded, but sometimes recorded as RCAF. Photo from the Frederick Henry Worthington Archives Above: Five members of the Lawson Crew of 462 Squadron (RAAF), some of their flying gear removed,beneath the nose of their aircraft, not dated, left to right: Seven bombs are visible in the nose art. They usually depict the number of Ops for that aircraft. The Lawson crew was flying in BB446 for its Op Numbers 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 14 at 462 Sqdn, from Terria (1943) and El Adem (1944). This photo may therefore have been taken on 05 January 1944 at El Adem, for the aircraft's Op 8; or 09 Jan 1944 for aircraft's 9th Op. No other aircraft flown by the Lawson crew matches so conveniently for Op numbers and dates. However the Rear Gunner on 05 Jan was David Roland Williams; and on 09 Jan was L C Doak; whose names do not appear to match "Larry" as recorded in the Lewis family photos. Photo from the Frederick Henry Worthington Archives Three members of the Lawson Crew of 462 Squadron (RAAF), on leave at Alexandria, Egypt, date not known. Name: Lyle Anzac LAWSON Service: Royal Australian Air Force Service Number: 414243 Date of Birth: 12 December 1915 Place of Birth: Murwillumbah, New South Wales Date of Enlistment: 17 August 1941 Place of Enlistment: Brisbane, Queensland Next of Kin: Merle LAWSON Date of Death: 16 March 1944 Rank at Death: Pilot Officer Posting at Death: 614 'County of Glamorgan' Squadron (RAF) Name: James Martin WITHERS Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve Service Number: 1318127 Date of Birth: ..... Place of Birth: ..... Date of Enlistment: ..... Place of Enlistment: ..... Next of Kin: James WITHERS Date of Death: 15 March 1944 Rank at Death: Flight Sergeant Posting at Death: 614 Squadron (RAF) AWM caption: Evans Head, NSW. Group portrait of participants on a course at the RAAF Bombing and Gunnery School, 30 July 1941. Back row, 2nd from right, with blue circle: 405905 Leading Aircraftman (later Warrant Officer) Vivian Dickson (killed on operations 16 March 1944). The names of the other 10 airmen are included on the AWM website. Bomb Aimer Name: Vivian DICKSON(Dicky) Service: Royal Australian Air Force Service Number: 405905 Date of Birth: 16 March 1920 Place of Birth: Brisbane, Qld Date of Enlistment: 22 June 1941 Place of Enlistment: Brisbane, Qld Next of Kin: James DICKSON Date of Death: 16 March 1944 Rank at Death: Warrant Officer Posting at Death: 614 Squadron (RAF) Age at Death: 24 Grave reference: No known grave Commemorated at Malta Memorial, Malta: Panel 16, Column 1 Roll of Honour: Panel 121, Commemorative Area, Australian War Memorial, Canberra Son of James Alexander and Sarah Ann DICKSON, of Bilinga, Qld Son of Mrs J C WILLIAMS, of Rhewl, Llangollen, DenbighshireReturn to Top Flight Engineer Name: David John LEWIS (Jack) Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve Service Number: 1583102 Date of Birth:
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512, 665, 187, 856, 7572, 264 ]	adorning its biiilding, will in such a way as Mr. Shelve proposes thus make friends of the mammon of unrighteousness.' " ' Sir,' said another, ' I move that the grateful thanks of this church be presented to Mr. Quellset for his munificent gift. We have been patiently listening to a lot of arrant nonsense. We 72 NINETEEN HUNDRED? havo nothing to do with the way in which a man chooses to make his money. If we had, I should say that Mr. Qnellset has done the country more good than harm. He has found a new employ- ment for men, women, and children. He pays better wages for box-making and all the other branches of his industries than they could earn in many ways. It is not yet proved that opium does more harm than alcohol ; and, for my own part, I believe that all these good gifts of God, taken in moderation, are tiseful. And, besides, beggars must not be choosers, and it V ould be an insane thing to retiirn a man's money when we need it so much.' " Nevertheless" [added the journal], "this Quixotic company of saints decided by a maiority to return the cash, and pay its debts by the practice of its own self-denial and generosity." There were many qviiet souls filled with piety and patriotism who thanked God and took courage when they heard this, for there was a leaven working in the real Christian society of the day which was destined eventually to bring about a marvellous change. And this change, like almost everything else in England, had to do with politics. CHAPTER IX. IN THE AUTUMN. LITTLE Darentdale led the way. The summer had not yet died into winter, nor had the leisure which comes into a country parish with the short days and long evenings left the thoughts of the people free. Nevertheless, some time and thought were given to an ex- periment which John Dallingtou, urged by Arthur Knight, had proposed should be tested in the village. The village was a small one, and it was almost wholly agricultural. There were about thirty persons who were employers of labour, and the rest were employed by them. Thirteen were looked up to as belonging to the moneyed classes, and of these, Mr. Whitwell — who lived out of the village, but had property in it — and John Dallington were the principal in- dividuals. They employed on their farms the largest number of labourers, bu.t besides these there were two smaller farmers, IN THE AUTUMN. 73 and several other persons who owned or rented a few acres of land, a gentleman who had retired from his business in London and had bought a good-sized house and garden, a lady of limited income, who kept one servant, and the general shop-keeper, who combined the businesses of chemist and druggist, draper, grocer, and coal dealer, all in one. There were, besides, two bakers, a blacksmith, a butcher, four publicans, and Henry Harris. " We have everything in our own hands," said John Dallington, " and it ought to be possible for us to have each man, woman, and child in our care, if not under owe control. We may not be able to make the villagers religious; but surely it is possible so to govern our little world that there shall be no poverty in it, but every one have a share in the comforts and refinements which the richest enjoy. I find that we have some poor to be relieved, and some evilly- disposed persons — the most poor and the most miserable of all — who must be helped out of themselves." There were eight persons in conference — the Vicar, the Rev. George Emerson, the Baptist minister, the Rev. Henry Marshall, and the chief supporter of the Methodists — Mr. Rouse, who was also the principal tradesman in the place — Mr. Whitwell, and Dallington. There was here, happily, no bitterness between the Clergyman and the Dissenting ministers. The men knew each other so well that they had lost the disiDOsition for fighting. In theory, of course, Mr. Marshall thought the Church should be disestablished, and when the time came he would do his duty, and vote to that effect ; in theo]-y, too, Mr. Emerson thought the Dissenters were schismatics, and ought to be repressed; but in practice the men were brothers, who respected the good which they saw in each other, and carried together the burden of the souls of the j)eople. Neither begrudged the other the success which came to him, both moiirned because they, thoiigh helped by the Salvationists and Methodists, failed between them to bring to the house of God as many as two-thirds of the people of Darentdale. But for this sympathy which existed between the Christian workers of the denominations, Dallington would have had no hope whatever for the success of his plan. They had before them a list of the inhabitants, the joint work of Margaret Miller and Tom Whitwell, which gave all necessary particulars of the family and circumstances of each householder, together with certain facts touching their character, religion, and occupation — a list quite easily drawn up, since every individual was well kno"v\Ti. 74 NINETEEN HUNDRED? " Oui' parochial system has already parcelled out the country," began Mi-. Emerson. " And placed a gentleman in every parish," quoted Mr. Marshall, with a significant smile. " Exactly ; and to help him teach the people the Free Churches have been established, so that it is certainly not an impossible thing for us together to provide religious instruction on the Sunday, and visitation during the week. I do not quite know how it is that we have failed to get hold of so many of the people." " For part of the trouble our collections are responsible," said Mr. Marshall. " The working classes do not care to be asked continually for money." " I do not think they mind paying for what they have," said the Methodist. " The penny a week from our people comes in readily enough, and the Salvation Army procures immense sums from the working-classes. The real difficulty is that men do not consider religion a thing worth paying for. They judge it by its professors, and pronounce it a fraud or a failure, because so many of us are not what we declare religion makes people to be. There is not enough difference between those who are naturally good and those who profess to have been made good by grace." " Exactly," said the clergyman. " Among the poor and irreligious of this village there is no man so highly respected as Mr. Harris, who never darkens the doors of church or chapel." " Yes ; the carnal mind is still at enmity against God," re- marked the Baptist minister. " But is not even that, to a great extent, because the representatives of Christ have failed to prove that they are the bringers of good tidings ? What is your gospel of help to the people, Mr. Dallington ?" " Better wages, better homes, more leisure, better amuse- ments, better education," he replied, promptly ; " every Chris- tian employer the friend and brother of his own people ; every church the centre of a religious activity which leaves none near it untouched by brotherly love. And charity begins at home, and everybody is to look after his own neighbour." The little company knew that he was himself doing that which he urged them to do, and this gave him the greater power and influence. The meeting was a very practical one. The farmers declared that they would slightly increase the wages of their men, and follow Dallington's plan. Each cottager should have a strip of land for a garden, and every one who was willing to repair his own house dm-ing the winter should have IN THE AUTUMA. 75 the materials given him. They knew that Dallington had set betore him the task of winning back the whole of his in- heritance, but he would not do it at the expense of the com fort and well-being of his men. Mr. Whitwell was not so rich as he was thought to be. but a few pounds could be spared which, paid in shillings, would make all the difPerence to the families of some of his men. The only thing which had hitherto prevented him from paying more in somli cases was his desire not to appear more generous than his neigh- bours. ° It was agreed at the meeting that there should be an in- vitation sent to all the better-class people in the village to come to the vicarage for consultation. After that, " all who professed
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2700, 15, 71, 9607, 14557, 3737, 15, 2061, 16, 4193, 41400, 16, 37393, 16, 938, 187, 2413, 1358, 2700, 15, 589, 41904, 14, 13312, 257, 296, 2146, 14996, 78, 15, 615, 16, 257, 16, 72, 505, 15, 5581, 32, 301, 30, 11124, 21, 187, 2413, 1358, 4926, 66, 360, 834, 15, 5711, 895, 79, 276, 87, 18502, 15, 925, 16, 4663 ]	which links our Emoticon Library to your forums! Members of your website can browse and use emoticons from the library in your forum, and everyone can expand the library making this plugin very useful for those who want a variety of emoticons! Features Live Emoticon Library has a full range of features. Here is a full list: Browse emoticon categorys from within your forum post. One click add to post using [e][/e] tags. Used emoticons are downloaded to your forum and used locally to save our bandwidth and so if the service goes down emoticons still work!Oscar Bianchi is a Gaudeamus Laureate composer of Italian and Swiss citizenships. He is a recipient of several international prizes and honors. He is noted for his large scale works, in particular his cantata Matra for six voices and large ensemble and his opera Thanks to My Eyes. Biography Oscar Bianchi began music studies at the age of 7 under the guidance of Gabriella Montalbetti. In his teenage years, he enrolled at the Milan Conservatory and studied composition with Adriano Guarnieri, Sandro Gorli, Umberto Rotondi and with Salvatore Sciarrino in Città di Castello. At the Milan Conservatory He also studied Choir music and choral conducting with Franco Monego and electronic music with Riccardo Sinigaglia and with Alvise Vidolin at the Bologna Conservatory. In 2003 Oscar Bianchi will eventually foster his education in composition with Fausto Romitelli at the Royaumont Abbey. In name of the friendship that the two composers had established since the early 2000 and after the loss of who was seemingly becoming a mentor, Oscar Bianchi dedicated his composition Mezzogiorno to the memory of Fausto Romitelli. In 2003 he settles in Paris to attend to the yearlong composition and electronic music master course at IRCAM In 2005 he settles in New York City thanks to a fellowships from Columbia University to pursue doctoral studies under the guidance of Tristan Murail In 2009 he spends an year in Berlin as guest of the DAAD Künstlerprogramm Berlin in 2010 he spends several months in Warsaw as guest of Pro-Helvetia Warsaw at the Ujazdów Castle Catalog His works are published by Universal Music Publishing Group Large ensemble, orchestra Orango, for ensemble and audience (2018) Roar, for symphonic orchestra (2017) Contingency, for ensemble (2017) Exordium, for symphonic orchestra (2015-2016) Inventio, for symphonic orchestra (2014-2016) Celeste discontinuità, for cello concertante and string orchestra (2013-2014) Oneness, for clarinet, basset horn and orchestra (2013) Permeability, for 19 instruments and electronics (2013) Ajna Prelude, for orchestra (2010) Vishudda Concerto, for ensemble (2009) Anahata Concerto, for ensemble (2008) Trasparente II, for ensemble (2007, rev 2008) Aqba, nel soffio tuo dolce, for percussion ensemble (2005) Mezzogiorno, for ensemble (2005) Vocal and staged works Sinatra in agony, music-theatre (2018) Circled Existence, for electric guitar and six voices (2018) Partendo, for countertenor and ensemble (2015) Here, for soprano and string orchestra (2014) The Past, for 11 performers (2014) Approve, for countertenor and 8 instruments (2014) Fluente, for soprano, barytone and bagpipes (2013) Sotto Vuoto, for female voice and percussion (2012) Lullaby, for male voice and five musicians (2012) Ante Litteram, for six voices a cappella (also for six voices and bass clarinet) (2012-2013) The Infinite Jest, for soprano, dancer and actress (2012) Thanks To My Eyes, opera in one act, libretto and staging by Joël Pommerat (2011) Matra, Cantata for vocal ensemble, instrumental ensemble and trio concertante (2007) Primordia Rerum, for soprano and ensemble (2003) Instrumental Étude no 1, for piano (2018) Senza, for recorder and violin (2018) Antilope, for bass clarinet, cello and piano (2018) Pathos of distance, string quartet no 2 (2017) Topologia delle passioni, for wind quintet (2016) Alteritas, for bass clarinet (2015) Reinforced Sympathy', for two ouds (2015)Derogatory Magnifier, for oboe solo (2014)Docile ascesa, for contrabass solo (2014)De Profundis, for basset horn solo (2011, rev 2013)Adesso, string quartet no 1 (2011)http://www.hcmf.co.uk/Oscar-Bianchi-Restless-Exhaustionhttps://www.nme.com/nme-video/youtube/id/UxMPjutd8lcSchegge, for prepared piano (2011)Gr…, for bass flute (2010)http://www.arsmusica.be/Files/media/Docs%20pour%20le%20site/Livrets%20programmes/vignaroli.pdfSemplice, for violin (2010)Zaffiro, for four instruments (2005) Crepuscolo, for Paetzold contrabass recorder and electronics (2004)De Rerum Natura'', for flute and violin (2001) Awards 2016 «Partendo», for countertenor and ensemble wins the 63rd Unesco International Rostrum of Composers 2014 Grand Prix de la Musique SACEM, catégorie Musique Symphonique 2013 Portrait CD awarded Preis der Deutschen Schallplattenkritik 2013 Crepuscolo CD awarded Nutida Swedish prize 2012 Crepuscolo CD nominated for the Swedish Grammy Awards 2010 Prix Dussurget, Festival d'Aix-en-Provence 2008 Alarm Will Sound competition winner, Alice Tully Hall Reopening Nights Festival, Lincoln Center - New York 2005-2007 ICTUS ensemble, Brussels: composer in residence 2005 Gaudeamus first prize 2004 Aargauer Kuratorium, Switzerland: Career grant (Beitrag an das künstlerische Schaffen) Selected discography PORTRAIT CD, Klangforum Wien, Ensemble Modern, Ictus Ensemble, Nieuw Ensemble, and others. 2013 MGB, CTS-M 138 MATRA, Ictus Ensemble, Neue Vocalsolisten Stuttgart, Susanne Fröhlich, Rico Gübler, Michael Schmid, George-Elie Octors. 2013 Sub Rosa Record, CYP4502 SEMPLICE, Miranda Cuckson. UAV-CD-5998 CREPUSCOLO, Anna Petrini. 2012 db Production, dbCD143 GRAMMONT SÉLECTION 4, Paolo Vignaroli. 2010 MGB, CTS-M 130 Collaborations Oscar Bianchi has written for and collaborated with artists such as Pablo Heras-Casado, Sabine Meyer, Jack Quartet, Quatuor Diotima, David Grimal, Franck Ollu, Joel Pommerat, Constanza Macras Stefan Asbury, Pascal Rophé, Enno Poppe, Miranda Cuckson, Baldur Brönnimann, Brad Lubman. with orchestras such as the Gewandhaus Orchestra, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, Deutsche Symphonie Orchester, Klangforum Wien, Ensemble Modern, Ictus,, Uusinta Ensemble, Neuevocalsolisten Stuttgart, Remix Ensemble, Alarm Will Sound, International Contemporary Ensemble, Les Percussions de Strasbourg,Nieuw Ensemble, Ensemble l’Itinéraire, Ensemble Contrechamps, Kammerensemble für neue Musik Berlin, Phoenix Ensemble, Collegium Novum Zürich, Drumming Grupo de Percussão from Porto, Ensemble Laboratorium, Österreichisches Ensemble für neue Musik, Sound’arte Eklekto, San Francisco Contemporary Music Players. Oscar Bianchi has taught composition at Columbia University, at the Royaumont Abbey and at the Luzern Musikhochschule External links http://brahms.ircam.fr/composers/composer/21896/ http://music.columbia.edu/columbiacomposers/?page_id=261 http://www.festivalmusica.org/biographies/voir/20 http://www.berliner-kuenstlerprogramm.de/en/gast.php?id=1124 http://royaumont.voixnouvelles.fr/index
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2151, 13, 253, 1740, 14, 2913, 14, 744, 5974, 1335, 6497, 2708, 253, 2363, 7887, 15, 3932, 253, 5974, 387, 2523, 858, 417, 2525, 253, 2363 ]	The resource // will be updated or deleted only if the etag you provide matches the resource's current etag value. IfMatch string `mandatory:"false" contributesTo:"header" name:"if-match"` // Unique Oracle-assigned identifier for the request. // If you need to contact Oracle about a particular request, please provide the request ID. OpcRequestId string `mandatory:"false" contributesTo:"header" name:"opc-request-id"` // Metadata about the request. This information will not be transmitted to the service, but // represents information that the SDK will consume to drive retry behavior. RequestMetadata common.RequestMetadata } func (request UpdateInstancePoolRequest) String() string { return common.PointerString(request) } // HTTPRequest implements the OCIRequest interface func (request UpdateInstancePoolRequest) HTTPRequest(method, path string) (http.Request, error) { return common.MakeDefaultHTTPRequestWithTaggedStruct(method, path, request) } // RetryPolicy implements the OCIRetryableRequest interface. This retrieves the specified retry policy. func (request UpdateInstancePoolRequest) RetryPolicy() common.RetryPolicy { return request.RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy } // UpdateInstancePoolResponse wrapper for the UpdateInstancePool operation type UpdateInstancePoolResponse struct { // The underlying http response RawResponse http.Response // The InstancePool instance InstancePool `presentIn:"body"` // For optimistic concurrency control. See `if-match`. Etag string `presentIn:"header" name:"etag"` // Unique Oracle-assigned identifier for the request. If you need to contact // Oracle about a particular request, please provide the request ID. OpcRequestId string `presentIn:"header" name:"opc-request-id"` } func (response UpdateInstancePoolResponse) String() string { return common.PointerString(response) } // HTTPResponse implements the OCIResponse interface func (response UpdateInstancePoolResponse) HTTPResponse() http.Response { return response.RawResponse } Curtis Johnson is named Tulane head coach Monday, December 05, 2011 4:28 PM TED JACKSON / THE TIMES-PICAYUNE New Orleans Saints head coach Sean Payton hugs Angel Johnson, the wife of New Orleans Saints receivers coach Curtis Johnson, after he was introduced as Tulane's new head football coach at Tulane's Wilson Center, Monday, December 5, 2011./------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Copyright 2007-2009 (c) Jeff Brown <[email protected]> * * This file is part of the ZBar Bar Code Reader. * * The ZBar Bar Code Reader is free software; you can redistribute it * and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of * the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * The ZBar Bar Code Reader is distributed in the hope that it will be * useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU Lesser Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser Public License * along with the ZBar Bar Code Reader; if not, write to the Free * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, * Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA * * http://sourceforge.net/projects/zbar ------------------------------------------------------------------------/ #ifndef _WINDOW_X_H_ #define _WINDOW_X_H_ #include "window.h" #ifdef HAVE_X # include <X11/Xlib.h> # include <X11/Xutil.h> # ifdef HAVE_X11_EXTENSIONS_XSHM_H # include <X11/extensions/XShm.h> # endif #ifdef HAVE_X11_EXTENSIONS_XVLIB_H # include <X11/extensions/Xvlib.h> #endif #endif struct window_state_s { unsigned long colors[8]; /* pre-allocated colors / GC gc; / graphics context / Region exposed; / region to redraw / XFontStruct font; /* overlay font / / pre-calculated logo geometries / int logo_scale; unsigned long logo_colors[2]; Region logo_zbars; XPoint logo_z[4]; XRectangle logo_bars[5]; #ifdef HAVE_X11_EXTENSIONS_XSHM_H XShmSegmentInfo shm; / shared memory segment / #endif union { XImage x; #ifdef HAVE_X11_EXTENSIONS_XVLIB_H XvImage xv; #endif } img; XID img_port; / current format port / XID xv_ports; /* best port for format / int num_xv_adaptors; / number of adaptors / XID xv_adaptors; /* port grabbed for each adaptor / }; extern int _zbar_window_probe_ximage(zbar_window_t); extern int _zbar_window_probe_xshm(zbar_window_t); extern int _zbar_window_probe_xv(zbar_window_t); #endif 31 A.3d 657 (2011) SLIPPERY ROCK AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT, Appellant v. PENNSYLVANIA CYBER CHARTER SCHOOL, Appellee. No. 27 WAP 2010. Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Argued April 12, 2011. Decided November 23, 2011. 658 Thomas W. King III, Thomas E. Breth, Dillon McCandless King Coulter & Graham L.L.P., Butler, for Slippery Rock Area School District, Appellant. Shon Kelly Worner, W. Timothy Barry & Associates, L.L.C., Canonsburg, for 659 Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School, Appellee. CASTILLE, C.J., SAYLOR, EAKIN, BAER, TODD, McCAFFERY, ORIE MELVIN, JJ. OPINION Justice ORIE MELVIN. We granted review to determine whether a public school district is obligated to fund a kindergarten program offered by a cyber charter school for a four-year-old student when the district has exercised its discretion not to offer such a program in its public schools. For the reasons that follow, we conclude that the school district is not required to fund the program. Accordingly, we reverse the order of the Commonwealth Court. The Charter School Law ("CSL"), 24 P.S. §§ 17-1701-A-17-1751-A, provides for the funding of charter schools by requiring a school district to pay the charter school for each student residing in the district who attends the charter school. If a school district fails to make the payment, the CSL authorizes the Secretary of Education ("Secretary") to deduct the appropriate amount from the state's payments to the district. 24 P.S. § 17-1725-A(a)(5).[1] On October 25, 2006, the Secretary notified Appellant, Slippery Rock Area School District ("Slippery Rock"), that funds had been deducted from the district's state subsidy and were made payable to Appellee, Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School ("Cyber School").[2] The Secretary deducted funds because Slippery Rock failed to pay Cyber School for numerous students residing in the district who were attending Cyber School. Pursuant to section 17-1725-A(a)(6) of the CSL, the Secretary advised Slippery Rock that it had thirty days in which to contest the deductions. By letter dated November 21, 2006, Slippery Rock notified the Department that the deduction was "inaccurate." Slippery Rock objected to the withholding of $1,716.63 for a four-year-old female student enrolled in Cyber School's kindergarten program. Slippery Rock asserted that the deduction for this student was "contrary to law" because the Public School Code of 1949 ("PSC"), 24 P.S. §§ 1-101-27-2702, requires the district "to educate every person, residing in the district, between the ages of six and twenty-one years." 24 P.S. § 5-501. Slippery Rock averred that while it operates a discretionary kindergarten program for five-year-old children, the four-year-old student still fell below the age threshold. Since the student at issue did not meet the age
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1388, 273, 187, 8701, 187, 19306, 763, 21621, 13, 344, 574, 2197, 323, 187, 8701, 5389, 4475, 13, 11628, 27818, 45161, 15, 1292, 703, 369, 10000, 187, 395, 9284, 187, 936, 1705, 15, 187, 187, 510, 6963, 369, 32986, 2, 187, 1992, 4828, 436, 1345, 20423, 13, 521, 346, 3020, 1821, 3, 187, 35640, 264, 326, 344, 35125, 273, 521, 19538, 285, 1089, 346, 23955, 187, 10002, 310, 1805, 685, 703, 449, 21965, 247, 3935, 369, 187, 47076, 187, 10489, 483, 253, 20986, 31337, 5389, 187, 37615, 2432, 35022, 281, 15639, 323, 253, 17292, 1899, 15, 380, 187, 4351, 651, 5206, 521, 5407, 187, 187, 14569, 359, 187, 22732, 48445, 327, 824, 298, 47218, 3148, 273, 17292, 1612, 13, 533, 2656, 908, 352, 281, 187, 15261, 3032, 952, 15, 1198, 187, 44666, 253, 13451, 13, 247, 18649, 6680, 369, 1146, 187, 71, 1224, 15, 329, 2201, 4760, 275, 436, 14562, 369, 4922, 8632, 2284, 13, 247, 2626, 187, 14520, 33927, 432, 5143, 15, 3032, 21507, 13, 611, 763, 13, 187, 4238, 2190, 253, 806, 11563, 281, 320, 346, 5546, 2200, 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2284, 187, 709, 3197, 15, 187, 187, 688, 643, 187, 12113, 13, 344, 369, 892, 66, 17852, 187, 783, 346, 29486, 1037, 3451, 3, 4803, 273, 521, 2069, 2, 187, 1898, 187, 18968, 8632, 2284, 434, 9556, 1255, 1904, 626, 1361, 1679, 257, 253, 8399, 15, 401, 21310, 187, 255, 824, 3480, 273, 19529, 13, 5516, 266, 187, 37501, 281, 346, 26316, 512, 253, 11563, 449, 3032, 187, 49692, 281, 253, 6963, 369, 247, 50015, 19310, 273, 5441, 285, 8696, 187, 283, 417, 12401, 690, 273, 3063, 434, 3420, 8169, 27, 187, 187, 1628, 2512, 310, 247, 187, 33455, 952, 17485, 285, 27667, 2190, 253, 952, 187, 249, 512, 253, 26020, 273, 634, 18794, 28, 616, 5323, 403, 187, 19623, 432, 512, 643, 952, 457, 84, 13, 285, 597, 513, 417, 1978, 187, 783, 6963, 457, 84, 5323, 15, 3813, 352, 310, 417, 13532, 323, 253, 187, 4351, 281, 1339, 731, 3464, 15, 1310, 352, 2318, 1169, 253, 6963, 13, 1339, 187, 66, 21356, 320, 3542, 326, 597, 320, 11069, 2391, 668, 9, 20, 27, 25, 14, 26, 10, 187, 187, 510, 6963, 187, 356, 22767, 285, 3534, 5516, 266, 521, 187, 28660, 346, 9188, 292, 5818, 449, 346, 510, 2583, 285, 253, 952, 403, 1677, 281, 187, 5658, 937, 344, 753, 13, 346, 936, 513, 342, 731, 347, 3133, 187, 12311, 281, 368, 1425, 187, 187, 8639, 187, 5056, 13, 247, 747, 1569, 187, 4238, 3542, 346, 35861, 281, 512, 326, 5516, 266, 26814, 449, 187 ]	‘I’m a moving target. I don’t know—or refuse to admit—what sexual orientation I will identify with in the future.” That is what every person who calls themselves “gender fluid” is really saying. Yes, free speech allows you to call yourself “fluid.” But your right to free speech doesn’t force the rest of us to take a bulldozer to our bathrooms. When you say you’re “gender fluid,” you’re really conceding that you’re impossible to please. The legislation that you claim to want today will—by your own admission—not necessarily please you forever. Small businesses—from gas stations, to pizza parlors, to local pubs—should not be mandated to go bankrupt gutting and remodeling their restrooms every few years based on whims of the Fluids. Indeed, if we were to tell someone from another country that our country passes laws based on 0.6% of the population—they’d probably laugh out loud. Long-Term Thinking: Economics 101 Obviously, in a moral society, our first and strongest argument against allowing biological males to share a communal restroom with biological females would be an appeal to natural law, or the conscience. So, I recommend we employ an economic argument. After all, those who oppose SB 6 are employing an economic argument of their own. Texas’ largest cities will lose $407 million in revenue from conferences and sporting events!, SB 6 opponents claim. Dallas, for example, will supposedly lose $157 million in potential convention revenue; Houston will lose $100 million and Austin will lose $110 million. And a whopping two groups have told the City of San Antonio that they will reconsider hosting events in San Antonio if the bill passes. Such claims, however, represent short-term thinking. And basing important decisions on short-term thinking is generally a great way to make a fatal mistake. Why are we presuming that—10 years from now—businesspeople will still want to gather in hotels for conferences? Nothing about the typical conference (expensive prices; boring topics; outdated PowerPoint presentations; rubber chicken dinners; and dorky name tags on lanyards) resonates with my generation (Millennials are cheap; tech-savvy; picky eaters; and nonconformist). When all the Baby Boomers eventually do retire, the next generation of CEOs is more likely to gather their forces for a remote yoga retreat center in the Rocky Mountains than a stiff and formal conference at a swanky hotel in a densely-populated downtown area. So why would we pass a law—and force thousands of businesses to spend millions of dollars retrofitting their bathrooms—based on a corporate activity (traditional conference-going) that may be extinct within the next decade? Writing bathroom legislation on the possibility of losing the next NCAA championship; World Series; or Super Bowl in Texas is also silly, short-term thinking. The NFL never pulled Super Bowl 2017 from Houston, despite the fact that Houston voters shut down a piece of legislation that would have added sexual orientation and gender identity to anti-discrimination rules. Equality at Stake Transgender bathrooms, interestingly but not surprisingly, are the brainchild of President Obama. Last May, he issued an order via the Justice Department which arbitrarily stated that “As a condition of receiving Federal funds,” schools must not discriminate on sex—and must allow transgender students to decide which bathroom works best of them, regardless of the views of the majority of the student body. Obama set a dangerous precedent with this directive such that transgender students have more rights than those who identify as heterosexual or homosexual. How long is it before a new protected class displaces the transgender class? Bathroom legislation such as SB 6 actually recognizes the equality that every American has before the law better than directives such as Obama’s. SB 6 treats people as equal by taking into account the one factor we can know with certitude about every human being: their biological sex. By considering a known factor that we were all born with—rather than a fluid, moving target—namely the sexual identity with which they identify on any given day—we are treating everyone equally before the law. Determining bathroom access by biological sex is not a judgment against someone who identifies as transgender. It’s as matter-of-fact and impersonal as a birth certificate. Private stalls will surely become the wave of the future, allowing every individual to have privacy in the bathroom. Until then, we can’t force small businesses to go bankrupt catering to the constantly fluctuating sexual orientations of their patrons. Texas, don’t follow North Carolina’s lead and cave on this important issue. Stand up for true equality and tell the Democrats to “Come and take it.” Leave a Reply... Choose your avatar Please choose an avatar by clicking above. If an avatar is not selected, the bottom-right default icon will be chosen. * Use Arrow Keys to Navigate Comment Box * Your email address will not be published − five = 4 Thanks for visiting KatieKieffer.com! Please know that your comments are your sole opinion and they are not endorsed by Katie or KatieKieffer.com even if they are posted. Please remember you are a visitor on this site and your commenting and posting privileges may be revoked if you fail to comply with the Terms of Use.“Can a woman forget her nursing child, And not have compassion on the son of her womb? Surely they may forget, yet I will not forget you. "See, I have inscribed you on the palms of My hands..." Isaiah 49:15-16 The unthinkable had happened! King Ahasuerus, the mighty ruler over the vast Persian Empire had been humiliated in front of officials from his 127 provinces that stretched "from India to Ethiopia"! On the seventh day of his lavish celebration, he had sent for his beautiful wife, Queen Vashti. But she was busy and refused to come. The king was furious! To counter this public insult, his "wise men" suggested that he dispose of his queen and find "another who is better than she." Soon a message was passed throughout the empire inviting beautiful young virgins to compete for the royal position. The king would choose his replacement Today we might frown on such lofty display of royal power, but God used it to save His people. For behind the scenes, a deadly battle was being fought. A major player in this drama was Mordecai, a third generation exile from Israel. His grandfather, Kish, was among the first Jews to be "carried away" to Babylon decades earlier -- a tragic consequence of their rebellion against their Lord. Mordecai's much younger cousin, whom he had raised as his own daughter, was the sweet and beautiful Esther. With her inner as well as outer beauty, she quickly won the heart of the king. But her Jewish heritage remained a secret, for Mordecai "had charged her not to reveal it." An evil plot serves God's eternal plan While Esther lived inside the royal compound, Mordecai spent his days waiting and pacing near the king's gate, hoping to hear from her. That's just where God wanted him, for one day he overheard an angry conversation between two doorkeepers plotting to harm the king. Mordecai told Queen Esther, and she warned the king -- giving credit to Mordecai. Court officials confirmed the threats, and the two men were hanged. The event was documented in the royal chronicles -- then quickly forgotten. "I will give you the ... hidden riches of secret places, That you may know that I, the Lord... Am the God of Israel." Isaiah 45:3 Hatred for Jews can't block God's love for His people "King Ahasuerus promoted Haman... and set his seat above all the princes who were with him." The fact that Haman was an Amalekite -- from a nation that had repeatedly tried to annihilate Israel -- would hardly matter to the king. But Mordecai was alarmed. So when everyone else bowed to Haman, Mordecai refused. In other words, he was flaunting the "politically correct" rules of his times! And Mordecai's Jewishness didn't help lessen the offense. Furious at such lack of submission, Haman determined to "destroy all the Jews." His complaint to the king was a deceptive blend of facts and lies -- not unlike some of today's media messages: “There is a certain people scattered and dispersed among the people in all the provinces of your kingdom; their laws are different from all other people’s, and they do not keep the king’s laws. Therefore it is not fitting for the king to let them remain. If it pleases the king, let a decree be written that they be destroyed....”(3:8-9) The king agreed and gave Haman his official "signet ring." "The money and the people are given to you," he said, "to do with them as seems good to you.” Before long, a new law was written "according to all that Haman commanded."
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253, 1805, 617, 2872, 434, 14512, 273, 5788, 588, 320, 15, 5488, 13, 253, 9765, 5343, 556, 1475, 374, 15, 1976, 2069, 347, 1142, 19367, 347, 253, 8840, 14, 47883, 5343, 1057 ]	. When my wife, Shelby, and I found out that she was pregnant with Sam, we didn't even think about the possibility that she might die; we didn't really have to. If we'd bothered to look it up, we'd have learned that her odds of death were around one-eightieth of a percent. With those odds, we had the luxury to take control of the whole experience. We got to choose from among several options for the childbirth: Shelby could give birth at home or we could go to a hospital; we could have the baby delivered by a midwife or by a doctor; Shelby could use no painkillers at all or have the lower half of her body completely frozen by an epidural. No matter what our decisions, we knew that she and the baby would almost certainly both survive. Those decisions, and others like them, were usually presented along a continuum between a "natural childbirth" and a "medicalized childbirth." Here's where I want to start challenging your assumptions about sex and nature. Take a moment to think about what defines a "natural" birth. Is it where the baby is born that matters? Is it whether or not drugs are used? Is it who delivers the baby that matters? What makes one childbirth more natural than another? As Shelby and I got closer and closer to the due date, everyone kept telling us that we could make whatever decisions we wanted, but there was a definite pressure, especially from our friends, to choose the "natural" course wherever possible. People kept saying completely meaningless things like "Women have been having babies for centuries." (How does that help at all? They've been dying in childbirth too!) Worse, several people tried to calm us by saying things like "Nothing should go wrong just so long as Shelby relaxes, gets in touch with her body, and lets things take their natural course." Or "This is what her body was made for." That is where my issue lies with the entire concept of a natural childbirth. If you say, "Things go well when a mother is in touch with her natural self," you've implied that when things go wrong, it might be the woman's fault for failing to do so. It's sad enough that more than a quarter of a million women die from maternal causes each year,VIII but to blame even a fraction of them for their own deaths, because they somehow failed to be "natural" enough, is perverse. In addition, that hijacking of the word natural puts a woman who does have access to modern technologies in a very difficult position. It erodes her ability to choose what she wants by making certain options at childbirth seem at odds with other decisions in her life. For example, if a woman chooses to eat organic foods, or if she enjoys spending time outside, she may feel pressure to make decisions about childbirth that are also labeled "natural." Of course, how a baby comes out of you has nothing to do with what you eat or how you exercise, but when things are presented that way, a person can be pushed into a decision that ultimately may not be the best one for them. Take epidurals, for example. To say that a woman should be able to handle the pain of childbirth without an epidural because she's in touch with her natural body seems crazy to me. Giving birth is undoubtedly one of the toughest experiences a human being could ever have, so why should a woman be labeled "unnatural" if she uses modern medicine to help her through? I'm not saying all women should have epidurals. I'm just saying choosing an epidural shouldn't be seen as some kind of unwomanly act. Labeling an epidural-free childbirth as more "natural" than one with painkillers just isn't fair. Humans use drugs all the time, for all kinds of reasons, and humans have been using narcotics for centuries. Why is childbirth the only time drugs are suddenly so taboo? My hunch is that it's because women have epidurals and men don't. If I have a headache, I take Tylenol, and nobody's ever called me unnatural for that. Why should a woman facing childbirth suddenly be forced to tough it out? Then there's the whole decision about where to have a baby. Many people consider home births more natural than births in hospitals. That drives me nuts. Try to name one context in which the men who go to the hospital for a treatment are labeled unnatural. Creating an arbitrary and unjustified set of standards for women, on what might be the hardest day of their life, with no corresponding set of rules for men, is ludicrous. If it's so unnatural for a woman to go to a hospital, should we discourage women from working as doctors too? Let me be clear: I'm not advocating for any particular choices—hospital or home, drug-free or epidural, midwife or doctor, C-section or vaginal, squatting on the floor or lying on your back. I don't even care if you want to eat the placenta afterward. Those are all perfectly valid options. I'm just saying let's take the false label of "natural" out of the equation so that women can be free to choose whatever experience they want. The reason different people have different definitions of a "natural childbirth" is that it's an imaginary concept. Neither a hospital room nor a modern living room will replicate the places our ancestors delivered babies seven hundred years ago, and nothing from that era would match the experience our ancestors had a million years ago. While it might be helpful to think about the kinds of procedures women have used in the past, it's not fair to say a woman alive today can only be natural by trying to replicate what some women did long ago. And if they should do so, which women? In what culture? At what time? As far as I'm concerned, it doesn't matter if a woman gives birth on the international space station or if she gives birth squatting in the woods with her mother-in-law banging pots nearby to keep the bears away. If a baby comes out, it's a childbirth. Let's leave the word natural out of it. Childbirth is tough for women, but there are animals out there that have it even worse than humans do. That's why I relish the moments when people say things about childbirth like "You should take inspiration from a pregnant cat or dog and the way they naturally know what to do, and just let nature take its course." People wouldn't say those kinds of things if they had pet hyenas, and it's fun to see the looks on their faces when I tell them why. Hyenas are weird. They look like dogs, but they're not dogs at all. In fact, they're more closely related to cats than to dogs.IX The female spotted hyena is especially weird, because she has a great big, hollow, tubular clitoris that really for all intents and purposes looks exactly like the penis of a male. It can even swell up and get erect just like a penis. The labia, which are the liplike structures on either side of a human's vaginal opening, have fused together in spotted hyenas and almost look like a scrotum. And as with a penis, the only opening of a female hyena's reproductive tract is at the very tip of that clitoris. They pee through it, have sex through it, and give birth through it. Even for biologists who work with spotted hyenas every day, it can be very difficult to tell a male from a female. When a male sticks his penis into a female's clitoris during sex, her muscles pull the tip of the clitoris open, and then the whole thing folds outside in, kind of like the inverted sleeve of a shirt.X It's weird, but it works. Spotted hyenas mate and get pregnant without any major issues, but when the time comes for giving birth, that huge clitoris becomes a huge problem. The baby can't fit out the hole at the tip, and worse, the umbilical cord can't reach all the way from the placenta to the tip of the clitoris. The only way for the baby to come out alive is for the clitoris to tear open. That tearing happens the first time a mother gives birth. In captivity, 10 to 20 percent of females die while giving birth to their first litter. In the wild, survival rates appear to be much higher, but the clitoris tearing still happens. After that first birth, the torn clitoris heals, and the scar that's left behind seems to make subsequent births easier. Since they cause so much trouble, you're probably wondering why spotted hyenas have such ridiculous clitorises. It turns out it all comes down to spotted hyena society. They live in a strict hierarchy, with an alpha hyena at the top, a beta hyena below that one, a gamma hyena next, and so on. What makes the spotted hyena hierarchy unusual compared to the group structures of other hierarchical mammals, like those of baboons, for example, is that the top rungs of spotted hyena society are held by females. In fact, every single adult female ranks more highly than every single adult male. When a female spotted hyena is born, she immediately outranks her father and can pick on him as a cub with impunity. Females have a huge incentive to be aggressive. Females rank above males because they are larger and more aggressive than males are, and the higher a female's ranking is, the better her young's chances of survival will be. Furthermore, the alpha female has around 2.75 times as many daughters as the lowest-ranking female does
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253, 7789, 407, 247, 1159, 273, 697, 5680, 15115, 13, 4933, 441, 247, 2087, 2934, 273, 253, 1979, 273, 253, 2022, 30279, 7789, 15, 831, 906, 310, 42426, 432, 253, 3236, 43031, 5464, 281, 1918, 760, 253, 8223, 569, 273, 30279, 49898, 15, 2896, 8667, 253, 4644, 285, 15448, 273, 49898, 13 ]	ellipse Minor axis \| Minor axis length of the fitted ellipse Eccentricity \| Ratio of distance between foci of the fitted ellipse and its major axis length. Takes a value between 0 and 1 with values closer to 0 being more circular Max intensity \| Pixel value of the most intensity pixel in the segmentation Min. intensity \| Pixel value of the least intensity pixel in the segmentation Change in area \| Difference in area between each successive frame Change in perimeter \| Difference in perimeter between each successive frame Change in centroid \| Pairwise difference in centroid between each successive frame Velocity \| Computed velocity of the segmented cofilin ROI The algorithm was used to segment regions of high cofilin intensity in time-lapse videos of PA-Rac-/wt-Cofilin-expressing neurons . Figure 15.4 illustrates an oscillatory type of cofilin transport in a subset of the dendritic spines. The software was used to approximate that every 5 min cofilin will accumulate in the spine heads, followed by a rapid export from dendritic spines, which can be visualized in attached Movie #2. Also, cofilin can cluster in the form of aggregated cofilin-actin rods, and can be distinguished as areas of cofilin saturation (high pixel intensity). To analyze the effect on the entire neuron as a whole, it was necessary to develop a statistical model of the different types of cofilin and changes occurring in the target video population over time. Fig. 15.4 Tracking cofilin in PA-Rac and wt-cofilin-expressing neurons using time-lapse imaging. Photoactivation of PA-Rac in neurons expressing GFP-wt-cofilin resulted in an oscillatory type of cofilin accumulation and export from the dendritic spines approximately every 5 min. Cofilin can cluster and move in spines and can be identified by areas of cofilin saturation and high pixel intensity. White arrows denotes cofilin clusters in the dendritic spine. Movie 2 QR code provides a link to the corresponding video ### 15.2.3 Video Bioinformatics Analysis The different species of cofilin were classified over time in the entire video, using the cofilin tracking algorithm and additional bioinformatics tools (Fig. 15.5). Specifically, kymographs can provide a graphical representation of dynamics over time, where the spatial axis represents time [50]. Kymographs of dendritic regions were used to map the trajectory of the ROIs and visualize features such as length and movement of cofilin. Kymographs were created by taking a maximum intensity projection of each frame and concatenating them on top of each other to create a time lapse image. The y-axis represents time in frames and the x-axis is the projection image of each frame. Kymographs of wt-Cofilin-expressing neurons were used to illustrate spatiotemporal translocation of GFP-cofilin regions (Fig. 15.5A, green) in response to the PA-Rac activation. Time-lapse imaging revealed different classes of cofilin: cofilin-actin aggregates, which can be characterized by long regions of high cofilin intensity and minimal movement (Fig. 15.5Aa); freely moving cofilin regions, which exhibit an oscillatory type of dynamics (Fig. 15.5Ab); and hybrid structures, which can alter between rods and freely moving cofilin (Fig. 15.5Ac). Subsequently, the cofilin tracking algorithm was used to segment regions of high cofilin-GFP intensity, followed by extraction of various morphological features listed in Table 15.1. Fig. 15.5 Results from kymographs and the cofilin tracking algorithm used to classify different cofilin species. A Kymographs of cofilin-expressing neurons used to illustrate spatiotemporal trajectory of GFP-cofilin regions (green) in response to various stimuli. Time-lapse imaging reveals different cofilin classifications: (a) cofilin-actin aggregates, characterized by long regions of high cofilin intensity and minimal movement; (b) freely moving cofilin regions, which exhibit an oscillatory type of dynamics; and (c) hybrid structures, which alternate between rods and freely moving cofilin. The bottom row represents the kymographs as maximum intensity projections of the top images along the y-axis. As you move down vertically on the kymograph, time increases. B Classification results from the cofilin tracking algorithm, and their regions of high cofilin-GFP intensity were segmented and their length (major axis line) was extracted. Regions 3, 6, and 7 can be classified as freely moving cofilin regions, since their lengths are ≤3 µm. However, regions 2, 4, and 5 can be classified as rods due to longer lengths, and regions 1 and 7 as hybrids since they display a significant shift in length Fig. 15.6 A cofilin classifier algorithm was used to distinguish the different cofilin forms based on extracted characteristics. a The number of segmented cofilin regions were tracked in each frame, and classified as either rods, hybrids, or freely moving cofilin forms. Note that the number of freely moving cofilin (red curve) significantly increases over time; whereas, the rods (blue curve) and hybrids (green curve) predominately remain unchanged. b A change of centroid feature was used to further differentiate between the different types of cofilin. Note that the freely moving cofilin curve has several peaks, which may correlate with its oscillatory type of behavior. In contrast, the rod and hybrid curves are smooth, which is in line with the fact that they move less ### 15.2.4 Cofilin Classification and Features As previously mentioned, hyperactive cofilin can lead to the formation of cofilin-saturated actin filaments called rods [6]. Rods disrupt synaptic function and are a good indicator of synaptic loss prior to neuronal loss [6]. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to automatically classify the various types and relative ratios of the various cofilin forms, such as the accumulated rods in neurites. This can be done with a cofilin rod classification algorithm , which uses a combination of features for detection of various cofilin forms. This software is able to classify the segmented tracks as cofilin-actin rods, freely moving cofilin, or hybrids cofilin regions by using a decision tree. The length of the segmented region is a useful indicator and has been previously used to identify rods in hippocampal neurons [50]. The length of a cofilin region is found by extracting the segmented region's major axis length. Next, regions <3 µm length were classified as freely moving cofilin, and regions of ≥3 µm length were classified as either rod or hybrid cofilin forms. However, additional features were required to make further distinctions between rods and hybrids. Another key feature is the change in centroid of the segmented ROI , which detects the distance traveled (pair-wise displacement) between each frame. If the region is not freely moving, then the change in centroid is checked to determine if it is a rod or hybrid cofilin form. Figure 15.6b demonstrates the average change in centroid values between each frame for the different cofilin classes. All three curves experience a drop in the first and last few frames, which may be due to fact that not all tracks are equivalent in length. The algorithm can be developed in the future to recognize a returning cyclic cofilin region that has previously disappeared. Therefore, the data may be skewed at both extremes of the curve. The freely moving curve also shows an elevated change in centroid values and a noisier curve, which may be a good indicator of its oscillatory behavior. Conversely, the rod and hybrid cofilin groups have lowered change in centroid values and smoother curves, which correlate with the observation that they move less. The hybrid curves have a steady decline in change of centroid over time. It is interesting that the number of freely moving cofilin regions increased over time (Fig. 15.6a). This may signify that the total pool of cofilin is being converted into more dynamic, freely moving types. However, the number of rods and hybrids are relatively stable, indicating that fewer new structures of these two cofilin types appear over time. ### 15.2.5 Monitoring the Remodeling of Spines A spine tracking algorithm was developed to monitor and quantify the synaptic remodeling effects. Extracting the spines begins by focusing on a subregion in the video and segmenting the entire dendrite and its spines from the video's background. The software allows the user freedom to select a region of intensity and intensity threshold . Once extracted, the segmentation silhouette is automatically divided into two parts: the main dendritic branch and its individual spines. Next, spines are removed with an algorithm using morphological operators. The algorithm begins by removing boundary pixels from the silhouette until only a general skeleton of its shape remains. Afterwards spur pixels (pixels with exactly one, 8-connected neighbor) are removed from the skeleton. Spur pixels are connected diagonally to other pixels and connected in only one direction. This allows us to remove all diagonally connected spines. Also, spines that diverge more than a specified angle (45°) from the main dendrite were removed. These two operations enable removal of all spines from the skeleton leaving the main dendritic branch. The algorithm than dilates the branch by a function of its border pixels, giving us a general idea of the size of the main dendritic branch. This result is subtracted from the original silhouette to give only the segmentations of dendritic spines. By monitoring the volume and morphology of spines,
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370, 86, 1126, 1109, 259, 3303, 669, 5256, 92, 46, 724, 285, 370, 83, 2253, 505, 5, 2975, 9173, 253, 5448, 7602, 13, 2280, 14, 18585, 2281, 285, 9941, 273, 253, 4101, 4659, 5161, 15, 380, 5448, 556, 281 ]	^{-4} \, {\rm M}_\odot {\rm /yr}} \right)^{-1}$$ $$\times \left( \frac{\beta_{\rm s}}{0.1} \right)^{-2} \left( \frac{E_{\rm CR}}{10\,{\rm TeV}} \right)^{-1} \; .$$ $e^{\pm}$ pair creation due to $p\gamma$ interactions does not yield a stronger constraint. In the case of Wolf-Rayet progenitors with the above parameters, $\tau_{\rm pp,p \gamma} \gtrsim 3$s. Consequently, TeV energies may be reached for WRs. Observational consequences {#obs} ========================== A discussion on progenitors for which the CS is expected to form before SB may be found at the end of Section \[thick\], from Eq. (\[ConditionCS\]). We now describe the two main observational consequences : X-ray flashes and high-energy neutrinos. For fast shocks ($\beta_{\rm s} \gtrsim 0.1 - 0.2$), RDS start to depart from thermal equilibrium, which may produce XRFs in association with SBs [@Weaver76; @Sapir:2011ds]. For slower shocks, UV photons are typically expected. We predict that even for lower $\beta_{\rm s}$, photons with energies $\gtrsim (1 - 10{\rm s})$keV can be emitted from the [beginning]{} of SB, but for a different reason: This happens when the radiative CS forms significantly before SB, such as for RSGs (or WRs with ’slow’ shocks) surrounded with optically thick winds. It would heat the plasma at $r \ll r_{\rm br}$ to temperatures higher than expected for a ’slow’ RDS ($\sim 10 - 100$eV) and load the thick wind with (hard) X-rays. This would result in a flash at breakout that both contains hard photons reflecting the presence of the hot downstream of the CS, and softer photons (notably UV) from the remains of the former RDS. The energy radiated at breakout is typically $\sim 10^{45-47}$erg depending on the tested progenitors –see also [@Katz:2011fz] and [@Sapir:2013vda]. We find that, from the [beginning]{} of SB, the fraction of the energy emitted in X-rays is already roughly comparable with that in softer photons: From $\approx 10$% to more than a half, with the largest fractions also corresponding to the highest maximum X-ray energies. The X-ray flux rises abruptly on a time scale $\sim r_{\rm br}/c \approx 30$s($\frac{r_{\rm br}}{10^{12}\,{\rm cm}}$), and then decays more slowly due to the persistence of inverse Compton on background photons in a wind with $\rho \propto r^{-2}$. Observations in different energy bands will be needed to distinguish between progenitors following the scenario presented here, and those for which the CS only starts to form [during]{} breakout, as suggested by [@Katz:2011zx]. The production history of CRs at $\tau \gg \beta_{\rm s}^{-1}$ should also leave imprints in the spectrum at SB : Secondary $\gamma$-rays, notably from $\pi^{0}$ decay, are injected in the wind and partly reprocessed to lower energies through $e^{\pm}$ cascades on the large photon background ($\gamma + \gamma_{\rm b} \rightarrow e^{+} + e^{-}$). The fact that outer layers of the thick wind at $r \lesssim r_{\rm br}$ may have been mostly accelerated by the CS implies that the energy [radiated]{} at SB may be $\ll 4\pi r_{\rm br}^{2} c^{2} \beta_{\rm s}/\kappa$. This may ease the tension between radiated energy and duration of the emission for XRF 080109 (see e.g. [@Sapir:2013vda]), provided this event corresponds to SB from such an optically thick wind. The relatively low photon flux at breakout would be consistent with more energy being in the thermal plasma behind a CS, as expected in our scenario. This work also provides a new technique to access information on SN progenitors inside thick winds, such as the radius of the stellar core $r_\ast$, and the density profile at $\tau \gtrsim \beta_{\rm s}^{-1}$. By detecting secondary $\gtrsim 100\,{\rm GeV}-1$TeV neutrinos (from notably $\pi^{\pm}$ decay) before the first photons from breakout, one will improve our knowledge of the still poorly understood late stages of massive star evolution. The time interval between the arrival of the first neutrinos and photons is $\Delta t_{\nu \gamma} \approx (r_{\rm br} - r_\ast) (\beta_{\rm s}^{-1}-1)/c \approx 8$hr (resp. 5min) for RSGs (resp. WRs) with the above parameters, $\tilde{r_{\rm br}} = 10$ and $\beta_{\rm s} = 0.1$. Assuming that 5% of the energy processed by the shock is channelled into CRs, we typically find for a source at distance $l$, and a processed mass between $r_\ast$ and $r_{\rm br}$ of $\approx 10^{-5}$M$_\odot$, that $\sim 10^{3}\, (3\,{\rm kpc}/l)^{2}$ neutrinos with $\sim$TeV energies would be detectable [before SB]{} by IceCube or KM3NeT. One could record a few of such neutrinos for an event in the Magellanic Clouds. The low rate of such supernovae within $\simeq 100$kpc from Earth is the main limitation to the detection of these neutrinos with a km$^3$ observatory. For example, the rate of 2008D-like supernovae in our Galaxy should be at most 1/1000yr. A supernova detected in neutrinos in the pre-shock breakout phase will generally yield more neutrinos in the post-shock breakout phase, except if the density of the progenitor wind suddenly falls sharply just beyond $r_{\rm br}$. These latter neutrinos will be detected after SB has started. For example, in a steady wind with density $\rho \propto r^{-2}$, the mass processed in the post-shock breakout phase by a shock travelling between $r_{\rm br}$ and $r > r_{\rm br}$, is $\approx \dot{M} (r - r_{\rm br})/u_{\rm w}$. This amount quickly exceeds that processed in the pre-shock breakout phase ($\sim \dot{M} (r_{\rm br}-r_\ast)/u_{\rm w}$). [@Murase:2010cu] studied in detail the post-shock breakout emission of neutrinos for shocks interacting with dense circumstellar material, such as shells. Conclusions =========== During a core-collapse supernova, a radiation-dominated shock propagates through the progenitor star. If the surrounding wind is optically thin, this shock stalls when it reaches the outer layers of the stellar core. In the upstream, the circumstellar material is then accelerated by escaping photons from shock breakout to a velocity roughly $\propto r^{-2}$, where $r$ is the distance to the centre of the progenitor. The outer layers of the shocked core ram supersonically into these slower layers of the wind, and a collisionless shock is expected to form during or on the time scale of supernova shock breakout. See, for example, [@ChevalierKlein79], [@Ensman:1991td] and [@Waxman:2001kt] for detailed studies. In the present paper, we have investigated the case of supernovae occuring in thick winds. In this case, the formation of a CS should also occur no later than during or on the time scale of shock breakout —from the ’outer’ layers of the optically thick part of the wind. We have demonstrated here that for some astrophysically-relevant progenitors surrounded with thick winds, a collisionless shock forms well before breakout, providing new ways to study invisible layers of their winds and to constrain stellar evolution theories. In such cases, the RDS has been found to stall when entering the optically thick part of the wind, notably because of shock curvature. Photons are then mostly supplied by the shock propagating in the core, and the wind is not sufficiently dense to compensate for the $r^{-2}$ dilution of photons in the wind. On the contrary, for progenitors where the RDS survives the transition from the core to the wind, such as for type IIn supernovae, photons are mostly supplied by the immediate downstream of the shock in the wind. We have discussed, in Section \[pa\], the onset of particle acceleration at the CS. For example, we predict that for some red supergiants surrounded with thick winds, a fraction of secondary high-energy neutrinos from CRs can arrive $\sim 10$ hours before photons from shock breakout, and more neutrinos are produced later in the post-shock breakout phase. We find that the CS forms after the RDS exits the core, and before breakout, for progenitors with shock velocities $\lesssim 0.1 {\rm c} \, (\frac{u_{\rm w}}{10\,{\rm km/s}}) (\frac{\dot{M}}{5 \cdot 10^{-4} \, {\rm M}_\odot {\rm /yr}})^{-1} (\frac{r_\ast}{10^{13}\,{\rm cm}})$, where $u_{\rm w}$, $\dot{M}$ and $r_\ast$ respectively denote the wind velocity, mass-loss rate and radius of the hydrostatic core. The wind has to
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9588, 313, 47084, 407, 6299, 273, 11188, 5377, 20896, 10, 875, 27572, 2149, 285, 16789, 31344, 1329, 776, 9079, 326, 20384, 273, 253, 7925, 4444, 3114, 651, 34430, 713, 253, 3786, 5368, 26015, 4444, 283, 601, 300, 8680, 84, 285, 1581, 323, 13701, 273, 7925, 4444, 283, 601, 300, 8680, 84, 15, 1008, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 2031, 62, 1119, 2074, 15036, 275, 11188, 5377, 10104, 326, 597, 12814, 281, 5224, 35124, 273, 253, 8825, 20180, 3114, 281, 26744, 15, 11726, 7843, 3777, 20180, 23742, 2193, 1309, 47438, 7809, 247, 10046, 2380, 273, 8825, 39469, 275, 27572, 2149, 31344, 1563, 253, 806, 42229, 13, 2779, 1955, 281, 2169, 5230, 2425, 273, 14638, 8779, 385, 20290, 13, 5233, 14717, 273, 26015, 7970, 10583, 1373, 37002, 1955, 281, 1881, 14, 35275, 920, 2479, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 19, 2194, 1008, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 2537, 2194, 1008, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 746, 3291, 390, 14717, 273, 253, 2045, 807, 4479, 84, 20180, 23742, 15, 1608, 8515, 275, 20180, 3114, 275, 2380, 281, 22952, 2544, 275, 3276, 285, 19755, 13, 824, 347, 1110, 1119, 1060, 13, 403, 3264, 1955, 281, 3417, 14, 6160, 3116, 6095, 2479, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 2945, 2498, 2752, 5528, 9492, 478, 267, 28056, 778, 10343, 275, 49714, 10583, 1373, 31344, 35909, 407, 26015, 7970, 10583, 265, 13, 594, 359, 3264, 25158, 20896, 281, 320, 2406, 275, 27572, 2149, 14777, 2479, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 1348, 2498, 380, 10583, 6056, 273, 436, 3368, 574, 3777, 25158, 20896, 13, 1283, 1163, 374, 259, 23, 68, 13, 1283, 1163, 337, 88, 26, 68, 285, 1668, 1163, 337, 259, 22, 8076, 47438, 13, 533, 2559, 25158, 9588, 1283, 1163, 374, 259, 23, 68, 285, 1283, 1163, 337, 88, 26, 68, 253, 6414, 273, 253, 2952, 15, 15397, 281, 1008, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 1348, 62, 4342, 13, 776, 22431, 10583, 1373, 2670, 574, 2406, 5208, 28056, 11188, 5377, 9588, 275, 27572, 2149, 14777, 14691, 407, 26015, 7970, 84, 13, 533, 436, 858, 417, 2826, 1919, 3563, 275, 253, 5675, 2952, 313, 74, 15, 70, 15, 4444, 41146, 481, 18199, 4444, 3417, 5257, 281, 452, 247, 1996, 4188, 1497, 685, 385, 20290, 275, 253, 10020, 14, 274, 301, 10583, 6056, 285, 3021, 2793, 5241, 3116, 4142, 1996, 715, 253, 2952, 685, 26015, 6244, 2479, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 1717, 2194, 1008, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 1630, 2498, 5208, 28056, 2330, 342, 385, 20290, 452, 3777, 11921, 4321, 275, 253, 2952, 672, 616, 26015, 13, 7970, 3167, 6244, 5303, 265, 336, 2479, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 3156, 2498, 5131, 25158, 2390, 497, 671, 275, 1029, 4719, 1309, 41146, 387, 1097, 4375, 15, 3813, 13, 4188, 1497, 273, 253, 11360, 4444, 3417, 2057, 7970, 385, 20290, 390, 7925, 7970, 84, 281, 7925, 49714, 10583, 1373, 3417, 369, 2905, 281, 253, 2425, 273, 8825, 30250, 15, 187, 187, 510, 17683, 5333, 275, 427, 11659, 5866, 285, 671, 2692, 22952, 6127, 3969, 281, 4444, 4188, 5970, 15, 12266, 4908, 494, 427, 285, 7651, 95, 20, 17977, 47, 2559, 342, 20384, 1309, 5241, 285, 41146, 9894, 273, 253, 5675, 2952, 347, 671, 2540, 407, 1008, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 1229, 1092, 1008, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 2405, 2498, 2596, 273, 253, 625, 13631, 1543, 369, 326, 4908, 494, 427, 6299, 387, 253, 40835, 2670, 497, 2169, 275, 27572, 2149, 31344, 387, 4444, 47438, 533, 4541, 3395, 3012, 2406, 1561, 374, 283, 20, 2607, 13, 7738, 2559, 4142, 273, 427, 13797, 407, 6244, 275, 253, 27572, 2149, 14777, 15, 48525, 778, 1379, 598, 347, 1199, 669, 1156, 92, 47, 2704, 1156, 92, 48, 2026, 20, 34273, 724, 347, 4916, 2130, 2479, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 1229, 1092, 1008, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 2405, 2498, 831, 1055, 273, 26015, 4444, 8570, 327, 2559, 17160, 427, 556, 644, 2540, 275, 1097, 10583, 1373, 285, 22431, 35855, 28990, 275, 643, 2175, 273, 10020, 14, 274, 301, 12620, 2479, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 1047, 2194, 1008, 3859, 54, 41532, 36, 1010, 2498, 496, 436, 1263, 13, 4444, 13797, 273, 427, 369, 1335, 1698, 387, 47438, 13, 533, 3407, 281, 2572, 9086, 347, 4444, 3116, 4925, 697, 4869, 4142, 15, 380, 5241, 285, 41146, 10491, 12282, 387, 841, 4375, 2723, 281, 253, 9894, 273, 4869, 7970, 3116, 285, 5502, 281, 21068, 12475, 1309, 534, 616, 427, 897, 651, 320, 4585, 15, 5002, 10583, 1373, 38646, 5257, 281, 14638, 4024, 285, 3426, 616, 1495, 11945, 1996, 685, 26015, 7970, 84, 2479 ]	0002) during the peak season at the inland site and of NO~3~-N during senescence at both sites (inland P = 0.005; coastal P = 0.005; Fig. [3](#PLU085F3){ref-type="fig"}A and B). Restoration did not impact total extractable N at the coastal site. Peak season extractable N patterns were consistent across the 3 years of 2007--09 at the inland site where total extractable N (2007, P = 0.040, 2008, P = 0.002, 2009, P = 0.001) and NO~3~-N in 2007 (P = 0.041) and 2009 (P \< 0.001) increased following restoration. The coastal site had increased total extractable N but reduced NO~3~-N with restoration in the drought year, 2007, with no differences in any form of extractable N in 2008. Figure 3.Soil-extractable N during the 2007--08 season at the inland site (A) and the coastal site (B). Treatments are: UN = unrestored, REB = restored by burning at the inland site and REW = restored by weeding and mowing at the coastal site. Letters indicate significant differences using ANOVA followed by Tukey--Kramer HSD test: NO~3~ = A and B, NH~4~ = C and D and total extractable N = E and F. Bars indicate standard error and letters significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). Total soil N and C, pH and P were unaffected by restoration (Table [5](#PLU085TB5){ref-type="table"}). Soil potential respiration was unaffected by restoration at the inland grassland sites. Plots at the coastal site were unintentionally destroyed before soil respiration sampling was conducted so potential soil respiration data were not available for that site. Potential N mineralization was reduced by restoration only in August soils and only at the inland site (P = 0.017). Potential nitrification rates were increased with restoration for soils collected in August at the inland site (P = 0.002; Fig. [4](#PLU085F4){ref-type="fig"}C) and in March at the coastal site (P = 0.011; Fig. [4](#PLU085F4){ref-type="fig"}B). Table 5.Soil chemical data (means and standard errors) for the burned, inland site and the coastal site collected the summer of 2006. ANOVA was conducted to assess differences in soil chemical characteristics between treatments of unrestored and restored grasslands during the 2006--07 growing season.Inland unrestoredSEInland restored-burnedSEInland treatment P-valueCoastal unrestoredSECoastal restored-weededSECoastal treatment P-valueInland siteSECoastal siteSESite P-valueTotal N (%)0.20.010.20.001.0000.2\<0.100.2\<0.100.1620.20.00.20.0\<0.0001Total C (%)2.20.082.20.060.8853.20.203.10.200.7272.20.13.20.1\<0.0001Soil organic matter (%)8.50.308.00.200.13613.30.3013.00.200.5418.30.213.10.2\<0.0001C/N13.40.0713.30.140.49914.00.5315.70.800.10513.40.114.90.50.007NH~4~ (µg g^−1^)6.50.259.22.430.2847.40.288.30.600.3087.81.27.80.40.997NO~3~ (µg g^−1^)3.61.661.80.450.2955.81.3131.98.300.0012.70.918.85.20.004Total extractable N (µg g^−1^)10.11.8411.02.380.78313.11.5140.28.600.00710.51.526.75.40.006Olsen-P (µg g^−1^)5.10.714.10.790.35118.81.1022.13.600.4014.60.520.41.9\<0.0001pH5.90.075.90.040.9808.0\<0.108.00.100.5375.90.08.00.0\<0.0001 Figure 4.Potential N mineralization and nitrification from 30-day laboratory incubations from the inland site (A and C) and the coastal site (B and D) for soils collected in the March (peak) and August (end of the summer dry season) of 2008. Letters indicate significant differences using the Tukey--Kramer HSD test following ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05). Bars indicate standard error. Discussion {#s4} ========== Microbial shifts in community structure and altered extractable N pools and N cycling indicate that exotic plant--soil feedbacks were decoupled following restoration at both sites regardless of differences in soil properties between sites. Decoupling is used here to mean that established interactions between exotic plants and soil organisms were disrupted and replaced to some degree by interactions between native plants and soil organisms ([@PLU085C1]). Native grasses increased at both sites and exotics were reduced leading to shifts in plant inputs, particularly by reducing the proportion of exotic species litter having higher C : N in both sites and increasing the proportion of S. pulchra litter with intermediate quality. The reduction of exotic plant inputs followed by replacement by native plant inputs altered the microbial community, increased NO~3~-N availability and nitrification rates and decreased NH~4~-N availability and N mineralization rates. Although no uninvaded grasslands are available as reference sites, these rapid changes indicate that these grasslands have some capacity for soil resilience. Differences in microbial community biomass, F : B and individual markers (indicated by concentrations of PLFA biomarkers) between unrestored and restored soils support our hypothesis that restoration of the native plant community would decouple the previously existing exotic plant--soil feedbacks and allow for establishment of native plant--soil feedbacks. [@PLU085C44] found similar shifts in PLFA profiles that they interpreted to indicate resilience of the soil microbial community to disturbance. Restoration reduced microbial biomass values during germination indicating a stronger response of soil microbes in unrestored soils following the first rains, likely due to higher root activity of germinating exotics, rapid decomposition of exotic annual grassland seedlings due to self-thinning ([@PLU085C2]; [@PLU085C49]; [@PLU085C19]) or decomposition of the previous year\'s microbial biomass. Shifts in microbial community in response to seasonal changes in temperature and moisture, such as those found here, are expected due to species-specific growth requirements ([@PLU085C42]). Mycorrhizal fungi may decline in perennial grassland soils invaded by exotic annual grasses, so we expected fungal biomarkers to be lower in unrestored plots ([@PLU085C24]). The grasslands of this experiment had reduced fungal biomarkers, 18 : 2 w6c, 18 : 1w9c and 16 : 1 w5cat germination, but increased fungal markers 18 : 2 w6c and 18 : 1w9c the remainder of the season. Similar to [@PLU085C24] findings, our coastal grassland site had lower AM fungi PLFA markers in unrestored plots dominated by exotic annuals, but this did not occur until late in the growing season (i.e. plant senescence). Native plant species tend to have a later phenology than exotics in the semi-arid grasslands and thus experience peak growth rates later into the season than exotic plants ([@PLU085C29]; [@PLU085C27]). AM fungi associated with exotics have reduced abundance earlier in the season when their exotic, annual host plants senesce ([@PLU085C41]). Other fungal groups were also in high concentration during senescence at both sites. Therefore, phenology of the dominant plant species either annual exotics or native annuals to native perennial grassland species was related to the activity of soil microorganisms. The anticipated shift in N availability occurred and also showed seasonal patterns corresponding to plant phenologies. Total extractable N and NO~3~-N increased with restoration during peak and senescence periods of the growing season as also observed by [@PLU085C30], [@PLU085C31]). One of the more striking results was that extractable N concentrations at the inland site were higher in unrestored soils at plant germination but quickly became significantly lower within 2--3 months, suggesting increased rates of N uptake by plants in the unrestored plots. Plants may take up as much $\text{N}{\text{O}_{3}}^{-}$ as becomes available ([@PLU085C30], [@PLU085C31]). This effect of exotic plant removal on increased mineral N has been observed in both grassland and coastal sage scrub in other studies of semi-arid environments ([@PLU085C14]; [@PLU085C15]). In this study, plant uptake of N was still low at germination, but began to increase rapidly as plant growth reached its maximum rates. The peak and senescence sampling dates at these sites correspond to the periods of maximum annual growth and transition to reproduction phases during which their N use would be highest. California grassland natives tend to germinate and complete their life cycles later than exotic annuals ([@
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One type of EMG uses intramuscular electromyography in which a needle and fine-wire electrodes are inserted through the skin into the muscle tissue. This technique detects single motor unit potential (motor unit action potential -- MUAP). Another type of EMG is surface electromyography (sEMG), which uses surface electrodes and detects superimposed motor unit action potentials from many fibers, as opposed to the single ones recorded by the intramuscular type \[[@b2-medscimonit-19-416]\]. In recent years the value of the high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) has been extensively proven. In this new technique, signals are detected by the use of specially designed surface electrodes. The sensitivity and selectivity of sEMG are almost the same as those provided by the intramuscular type. It also allows for single motor unit analysis and gives information about muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) \[[@b3-medscimonit-19-416],[@b4-medscimonit-19-416]\]. The aim of this study was to present the main assumptions in the assessment of electrical muscle activity through the use of surface electromyography. Moreover, it is hoped that this paper will clarify the limitations and possibilities of the application of sEMG in orthodontics. Main Assumptions in the Assessment of Electrical Muscle Activity ================================================================ The main aim of surface EMG is to detect signals from many muscle fibers in the area of the detecting electrode. These signals consist of a weighted summation of the spatial and temporal activity of many MUs. Hence, the analysis of the recordings is restricted to general muscle activity, the cooperation of different muscles, and the variability of their activity over time \[[@b1-medscimonit-19-416]\]. This non-invasive and painless way of registering the results through the use of surface electrodes compensates for the aforementioned limitations, and its non-invasiveness is one of the most important advantages of this method \[[@b2-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Apart from the fact that these electrodes are not very selective, using them is limited to detecting the signals only from the muscles located close to the skin, thus masseter and anterior temporalis muscles are the most frequently evaluated. To register the activity of medial and posterior fibers of the temporalis muscles, removal of the hair is necessary, which is normally disliked by patients, and anatomical difficulties exist in the case of the pterygoid muscles. An additional disadvantage of surface electromyography is its sensitivity to imbalances in impedance \[[@b2-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Inconsistency in impedance is the main reason for the low accuracy and precision of EMG measurements, resulting in low reproducibility. This reproducibility is also questioned because of the different inter-electrode distances and their various locations over the muscles. Thus, the inter-electrode distance should be fixed and templates should be used to eliminate variability in electrode placement \[[@b5-medscimonit-19-416]--[@b7-medscimonit-19-416]\]. The most common solution to the inconsistency in impedance, which affects the reliability of sEMG, is an adequate quantitative electromyographic analysis with normalization procedures. The normalization of sEMG results consists of converting them into quotient indices. Thus, electrical activity is presented as a percentage of another high-reproducible activity of this muscle recorded under the same conditions (recordings are performed by using the same electrodes). Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) seems to be a highly reproducible activity. The recorded electrical activities are therefore presented as a percentage of their activity in the MVC (%MVC). The main assumption of the normalization procedure is the constancy and good reproducibility of the forces generated during maximum voluntary clench \[[@b8-medscimonit-19-416],[@b9-medscimonit-19-416]\]. The other possibility of the quantitative analysis is to relate the electrical activity of the muscles to the reference values obtained from the recordings performed in the submaximal voluntary contraction (subMVC). A high correlation coefficient was found between the electrical activity of the muscles and the forces generated by them in the subMVC \[[@b8-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Castroflorio et al. \[[@b6-medscimonit-19-416]\] verified these assumptions by analyzing the electrical activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles in 3 experimental sessions separated by 1 week. The subjects performed voluntary contractions at 80% MVC and occlusal forces were measured by compressive-force sensors. The reproducibility of these measurements was estimated at 71.9%. Moreover, the influence of the inter-electrode distance on the reproducibility of the EMG variables was observed. The high data reproducibility of the sEMG indices computed for 75% of the healthy subjects, estimated at a 6-month interval, was revealed by De Felicio et al. \[[@b10-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Visser et al. \[[@b11-medscimonit-19-416]\] also did not observe any statistically significant discrepancies between the activity and the asymmetry indices of both masseter and temporalis muscles estimated in healthy patients in the next 2 days (for activity index p\>0.20, for asymmetry index p\>0.10). The studies described above confirm that quantitative electromyographic analysis permits a reliable and accurate assessment of the electrical activity of muscles. Many of the most important issues related to the methodology of sEMG recordings were recently unified by a multi-national consensus initiative called SENIAM (Surface Electromyography for Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles) and ISEK (The International Society of Electromyography and Kinesiology). Both of these organizations give recommendations for electrode placement, sEMG signal processing, and modelling. The electrical activity of the masticatory muscles can be recorded and assessed during static tests (rest, maximal, or submaximal voluntary clenching) or during active tests (opening or closing the mouth, protrusion, retrusion, or lateral deviation of the mandible, mastication, swallowing, or speaking). From a biomechanical point of view, the most important are dynamic activities such as mastication and 2 ambivalent static activities such as rest and the maximal isometric contraction of the muscles. Rest activity is usually performed at the clinical rest position, the so-called postural position. There is no isoelectric line observed in the sEMG recordings in this position determined by freeway space (2--4 mm). Moreover, the muscles are active \[[@b12-medscimonit-19-416]\]. These conclusions are supported by Suvinien et al. \[[@b13-medscimonit-19-416]\], who observed minimum muscle activity with an average opening of 15.4 mm, while postural position was determined by a 2--4 mm range of opening. Similar results, based on observations in a group of 40 subjects aged 22--34 years, were reported by Michelotti et al. \[[@b14-medscimonit-19-416]\]. The clinical rest position was determined with an average opening of 1.4 mm, and the lowest electrical activity was observed with a 7.7 mm average opening of the mouth. The analysis of the electrical muscle activity during isometric contraction, without any shortening of the muscle's fibers, can be performed during 3 to 5 seconds of clenching the teeth with maximum force, usually in intercuspal position, or during clenching of the teeth with controls (cotton rolls positioned on the mandibular second pre-molar and molars) (subMVC) \[[@b15-medscimonit-19-416],[@b16-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Ferrario et al. \[[@b15-medscimonit-19-416]\], in a study in which 30 healthy subjects with Angle class I and overbite and overjet ranging from 2 to 5 mm were examined, observed larger standardized potentials in MVC in the temporalis anterior muscle (91.1 μV/μV%) than in the masseter muscle (85.45 μV/μV%). It was noted that the potentials were standardized against the MVC carried out with cotton rolls positioned on the posterior teeth, and in this condition the temporalis anterior normally contracted with a lower intensity, which is why the standardized potential of these muscle resulted in a higher value. It is also very important to assess the electrical activity of the muscles in the fatigue test -- a continuous 10-second submaximal or maximal isometric muscle contraction. This makes it possible to evaluate the muscle fatigue that occurs because of the biomechanical processes, which determine muscles achieving the required or exerted forces. The most objective sEMG parameters used to evaluate muscle fatigue are median power frequency (MPF) and time-frequency distributions. Lodetti et al. \[[@b17-medscimonit-19-416]\], in a study of 29 healthy patients aged 20--35 years, observed higher values of MPF in the masseter, temporalis anterior, and trapezius muscles recorded during maximal clenching of the teeth in the intercuspal position, than during clenching the teeth with controls (cotton rolls). The highest values for the mean power frequency was achieved by the temporalis muscle (157 Hz), then the masseter (140 Hz), with the lowest being the trapezius muscles (68 Hz). This was explained by greater forces exerted during clenching of the teeth by the masseter and temporalis muscles than by the trapezius muscles. Among the dynamic activities, mastication is the one that is the most frequently analyzed. It is defined as the most important physiologic activity of the stomatognathic system. Because of the high variability of the movements that contribute to this activity, an assessment of mastication is very difficult and includes parameters such as the duration of the masticatory act, the number of cycles, and its effectiveness depending on the generated forces and the consistency of the food \[[@b18-medscimonit-19-416],[@b19-
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32915, 14877, 2809, 4420, 49 ]	crusher: so what should I do now? <botcrusher> hmm <opko> noone to tell me? <botcrusher> i remember that with older versions of ubuntu you could only upgrade one version at a time <botcrusher> not sure if that still applies <opko> hello everyone, is this command correct to erase a disk, or can it be written better: dd if=/dev/zero of=path/to/file bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc ? thank you so much! <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: is there a way to remove ubuntu 12.04 first and then install 14.04? <botcrusher> well...strange thing ies <s1991> hey guys I'm having problm with my wireless mouse, pls help!!! <LinuxNewby> What can I do? <LinuxNewby> Should I format the USB flash drive in Ubuntu? <botcrusher> by booting from the disk you arnt using the old kerne <botcrusher> so, does it say anything before that screen you posted? <botcrusher> what was the last thing you saw before that panic <ubuntuinstall> the last screen was it gave 4 options out of which three i remember 1 <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: 1)Try ubuntu without installing <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: 2)install ubuntu <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: ok so no matter what you click you get that panic <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: yes <botcrusher> try this inside ubuntu 12.04 <botcrusher> do-release-upgrade <botcrusher> that should be the safer way <morph-> you got the right arch ubuntuinstall ? <OerHeks> ubuntuinstall, is there any windows 8 with fastboot enabled on that machine? <ikonia> .away not here <ikonia> oops <botcrusher> OerHeks: no, its one of dell's shipped with ubuntu machine <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: but that will try to download from the server right? am not connected to internet from that machine <botcrusher> oh? <ubuntuinstall> OerHeks: no it has ubuntu 12.04 pre installed <morph-> u have the wrong architecture, UEFI enabeld or your disk is corrupted <botcrusher> it's not possible to get that machin e on the network? <ubuntuinstall> morph-: I have legacy boot enabled <morph-> what did ya dl <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: as you should since UEFI is sketchy at best <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: even If i enable uefi and try to boot from usb it says there's no boot device <s1991> why I'm seeing my wireless mouse as " Weltrend Semiconductor " when running "lsusb"********* <morph-> did u check ur md5sum? <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: yeah i had to set my dell to legacy as well <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: so not much suprise there <ubuntuinstall> morph-: yes the hashes match <morph-> hmm <morph-> can u walk me through ur exact problem? <morph-> i missed it <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: I guess that is because the previous ubuntu 12.04 is installed in legacy <ubuntuinstall> morph-: http://i.imgur.com/SEEHdy8.jpg <ubuntuinstall> morph-: I have a dell inspiron 15 3537 which came in pre installed ubuntu 12.04 and now am trying to install ubuntu 14.04 from usb and I get this error when i choose to install or to try wihout installing <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: the machine does not connects to the wireless network that's the reason am upgrading to 14.04 <morph-> ok <morph-> reboot <morph-> when u get to the grub menu preess e and remove quet and splash from the kernel ya want <morph-> and umm <morph-> vt.handoff=7 <morph-> and on the line that reads set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode, replace with set gfxpayload=text <morph-> ctrl+x <ubuntuinstall> morph-: by the grup menu you mean the menu where it gives these options right? <morph-> yea <morph-> lets u pick what kernel ur booting into <morph-> safe mode etc <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: you wouldnt hapen to have the name iof that adapter would you? <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: i might be able to get a driver for you, because i doubt an os upgrade is going to fix that connection issue, plus kernel panic's are nasty <morph-> oh and ubuntuinstall https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/usb-creator-gtk/ <morph-> use that to create the usb <morph-> make sure ya got secure boot disabled and ur settings to legacy <morph-> then press f12 <morph-> then pick your usb drive <daftykins> morph-: you're giving terrible advice and pressing enter too much <morph-> that is very solid advice <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: btw you are far from being the only person with issues with that wifi module <morph-> what are u on about? <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: a quick search yielded many annoyed users that are having connection issues <ubuntuinstall> morph-: I am on the screen where it asks for whether to try wihout install, install ubuntu or check disk for defects <botcrusher> im afraid that i can't really help much more with the kernel panic, but i can get you that driver <morph-> well since the first 2 dont work might as well check it <botcrusher> so you can upgrade the proper / safer/ optimised way <ubuntuinstall> morph-: nothing happens on pressing e <tgm4883> I'm trying to find out why a couple wordpress sites couldn't connect to a mysql DB until I restarted mysql (it was previously working fine), but there are no mysql logs. Any ideas where I should be looking? I don't see much in syslog <morph-> let me see if I got a cd or something here <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: ok sure :) <Sivik> when attempting to connect to a windows machine, I get the following error from rdesktop and krdc/remmena don't work: http://pastebin.com/AGv5SQFs I have already disabled avahi daemon <Sivik> Any thoughts on why this is still not working? <morph-> ubuntuinstall https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingKernelBoot <ubuntuinstall> morph-: was this menu the grub menu? <morph-> https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions <botcrusher> http://askubuntu.com/questions/373404/no-wifi-on-ubuntu-12-04-lts-after-today-software-update <botcrusher> i think i found your driver <morph-> noacpi nomodeset <morph-> set those <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: is there anywhere you can plug in the ethernet <morph-> https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Debugging <morph-> theres lots of good links there <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: am afraid not <morph-> id honestly bet money your answer is in there <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: for the panic in question follow morph- 's advice <ubuntuinstall> morph-: am getting the same screen <motaka2> hello I am trying to share a folder in ubuntu and I get this error: 'net usershare' returned error 255: net usershare: cannot open usershare directory /var/lib/samba/usershares. Error Permission deniedYou do not have permission to create a usershare. Ask your administrator to grant you permissions to create a share. <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: issue is im seeing other people trying to update to either 13 or 14 but the wireless is not resolved <morph-> can you get into 12.04 still? <motaka2> I wonder why thios is so difficult to solve? <ubuntuinstall> morph-: yes I can still get into 12.04 <morph-> boot into that and open up terminal and type sudo update-manager -d <botcrusher> motaka2: try sudo nautilus <botcrusher> that will open the file manager as root <botcrusher> aka administrator <holstein> !samba \| motaka2 <ubottu> motaka2: Samba is the way to cooperate with Windows environments. Links with more info: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MountWindowsSharesP
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187, 61, 27895, 1156, 187, 61, 33080, 92, 510, 590, 94, 187, 61, 27895, 1156, 187, 61, 27895, 3306, 187, 61, 423, 92, 3306, 94, 187, 187, 8497, 326, 309, 452, 5176, 8857, 15445, 30, 5672, 15, 187, 9179, 27, 187, 187, 4943, 310, 1529, 14876, 313, 1542, 5662, 611, 40356, 14, 9026, 9508, 10, 671 ]	(); start(pid); } print("/sys/lib/acid/truss"); Events Featuring:The Bean Project From the eastern suburbs of Melbourne come The Bean Project, a vibrant French horn-clad acoustic duo blending the raw untreated sounds of folk, jazz and singer-songwriter styles with fresh and unique songwriting - most aptly described as 'the odd marriage of Cake, City and Color and Kings of Convenience' Susy Blue Divinely vintage vocals, honeyed harmonies and charming tales, Susy Blue combines alt-folk, cabaret and pop. Charm of Finches Charm of Finches are Melbourne sisters Mabel and Ivy Windred-Wornes. Described as "dream folk" for lovers of soulful, intelligent acoustic music, the sisters drown their audiences in angelic harmonies and lyrics which lilt between melancholy and whimsy. Khristian Mizzi Khristian Mizzi is an artist known for his powerful original songs and his intimate live performances. Mizzi’s songs explore humanity, social injustice, and hope, inspiring and enlivening audiences wherever he plays. Someday June From a small bedroom in Melbourne's eastern suburbs emerges indie-folk duo, Someday June. The pair specialise in subtle, satisfying harmonies that embroider moody and unique melodies, drawing influence from melodic craftsmen and women like Paul Dempsey and Daughter. Great music, great raffle prizes for a greater cause! Pre Sale: $12 Door-Sale: $15 A good ol' fashioned Block Party celebrating the launch of Co-Ground Coffee~ Co-Ground's mobile cafe and social enterprise! Think music, entertainment, refreshments including Co-Ground Espresso Martinis and one almighty party to thank you ~ our Co-Ground fam, for all of your support. So please SAVE THE DATE for Saturday, March 25. It's FREE but you must RSVP! Which you can now, by emailing: [email protected] AND by including your full name, mobile phone no. and how many guests you'd like to bring ie: + one. *This event page will be updated as more details are announced, so keep your eyes peeled* Make sure you follow us on social media too: Facebook: CoGroundOrg Instagram: @Co_Ground and @CoGroundCoffee Website: co-ground.org Co-Ground Coffee is currently open from Wed-Sun, 7am to 3pm. 100% of profits from Co-Ground Coffee support education and livelihood projects in the Asia Pacific, so every cup you purchase at Co-Ground Coffee in Collingwood, makes a real difference! We are kickstart our next venture into the world of sustainable social enterprise. An exciting caffeine fuelled business that will help fund their education partnership programs on a daily basis. Helping celebrate this venture will be the eclectic electronica of MYAMI, beautiful tunes of the highly talented HAYDEN CALNIN and the epic analog beats of MASCO SOUND SYSTEM, who blend live music and painting. The night will also feature the dark brooding bass music of Melbourne's very own underground hero HEADSTONE + SPECIAL GUESTS + PRIZES + MORE! The Co-Ground Soul-cial 16’ brought together some of Melbourne’s finest soul inspired bands and DJs under the banner of having a party with purpose. Raising funds for Co-Ground’s international partnership programs and celebrating the work already completed, the almighty heavy riffing talent of The Eighty 88’s, The Cactus Channel and That Gold Street Sound literally peeled back the infamous venue’s retractable roof for a night of amazing music and entertainment. Support came from Max & Mili and Motel Diablo DJs with a full dance floor that was lit-up from when doors opened until the doors had to close. Event sponsors included Northside Records, The National Gallery of Victoria and Vintage Garage. A Co-Ground Halloween party with a twist, the classic cult film ‘The Rocky Horror Picture Show’ was showcased at Fitzroy’s favourite independent cinema, Long Play. A boutique event, the night was hosted by Rocky Horror themed actors, with the evening screening including audience participation, props and a tailor made deliciously frightful snack bar for the audience. Event sponsors included Provincia Foods and the night helped raise both funds and awareness for Co-Ground’s partnership programs. A trivia night to help raise funds for victims of Cyclone Pam, Melbourne For Vanuatu brought together 200 punters to rally for much needed support through trivia, silent auctions and raffle tickets. A night fuelled by comedy, music, audience participation and games, the sold out event, like that of Party Against Pam helped solidify the first Co-Ground Partnership Program, with all funds raised used to rebuild and upgrade Sara Primary School on Epi Island, Vanuatu. The very first Co-Ground event, Party Against Pam brought together the community of Melbourne to rally around Vanuatu and raise financial support in a time of desperate need. Melbourne’s premier live music venue and entertainment space, The Toff in Town helped host a night that featured the legendary comedy trio Tripod, the soul funk of Kylie Auldist & The Glenroy All Stars, The Cactus Channel, The Sugarcanes, Skyscraper Stan, The Ivory Elephant, The Sweets and award winning comedian as MC, Tegan Higginbotham. The sold out event had numerous sponsors including The Essendon Football Club, The Cat Empire, John Butler Trio and numerous local and international media support helping introduce Co-Ground to the wider community. A night that raised significant funds that helped kick-start the first Co-Ground Partnership Program.Q: Chapterformat with \chapter* So I came across some problems with the chapter layout, which has to do with the \chapter* command. This is how I have the layout set up right now, it was done by a friend, who has more experience with LaTeX and KOMA than me: \documentclass[11pt, chapterprefix=true ]{scrbook} \usepackage[]{graphicx} \usepackage[scaled=.90]{helvet} \usepackage[automark]{scrlayer-scrpage} \usepackage{blindtext} \usepackage{ragged2e} \setkomafont{chapter}{\Huge\bfseries} \addtokomafont{chapterprefix}{\raggedleft} \renewcommand{\raggedsection}{\raggedright} \renewcommand{\chapterformat}{% \hrulefill\enskip\mbox{\scalebox{3}{\thechapter\autodot}}\vspace{-0.6\baselineskip}} \newcommand{\chap}[1]{\chapter{#1}\vspace{-0.8\baselineskip}\hrule\vspace{1.5\baselineskip}} \begin{document} \tableofcontents \chapter{Introduction} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Introduction} \blindtext \chap{Theory} \blindtext \end{document} now this results in the chapter layout I want for the "Theory" chapter, however it doesn't work for the "Introduction" chapter, because both bars are missing. So would it be possible to have the layout like the following: ------------ Introduction ------------ text ----------1 Theory ----------- the same way it was done in the minimal working example above, however, but also for the introduction chapter. Both chapters should be in the ToC and the "Introduction" should not be enumerated. I cannot get anything to do exactly that, maybe you guys have an idea, also any improvement to the layout in general would be greatly appreciated. A: Update (KOMA-Script version 3.19 is now on CTAN and in TeXLive) There is another possibility with KOMA-Script version 3.19 or newer. With that version you can simple redefine the command \chapterlinesformat. This command is explained in the KOMA-Script documentation. \documentclass{scrbook}[2015/09/15] \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[scaled=.90]{helvet} \usepackage[automark]{scrlayer-scrpage} \usepackage{blindtext} \setkomafont{chapter}{\Huge\bfseries} \renewcommand{\chapterformat}{% \enskip\mbox{\scalebox{3}{\thechapter\autodot}}} \renewcommand\chapterlinesformat[3]{% \parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\hrulefill#2}\par% #3\par\bigskip \hrule} \RedeclareSectionCommand[afterskip=1.5\baselineskip]{chapter} \begin{document} \tableofcontents \addchap{Introduction}% \addchap instead of \chapter* and \addcontentsline \blindtext \chapter{Theory} \blindtext \blinddocument \end{document} Note that I have removed chapterprefix=true. Result: Here is another suggestion (for older KOMA-Script versions) also
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4060, 275, 16221, 285, 309, 2210, 896, 253, 1735, 2952, 2819, 281, 1056, 352, 767, 1107, 275, 247, 4194 ]	the month of August. I was determined to win that batting title, but Matty Alou wasn't making it easy on me. With two games left, we were at home against the Giants, facing Gaylord Perry. The Pirates, Matty's team, were in Chicago, facing Fergie Jenkins, who was trying to win his twentieth game of the season. Each of us had to deal with a great pitcher that day. Matty went 4-for-4 in the Pirates' loss that day, and Fergie was a twenty-game winner for the second straight season, a string he would run to an incredible six seasons in a row. And what did I do against Gaylord, that crafty spitball artist? Through four at bats I was 4-for-4, just like Matty, even though Gaylord was throwing me nothing but spitballs. I remember hitting one ball and I swear to God, I watched the ball hit the bat and I could see the spit fly. But that didn't bother me. You expected that from Gaylord, and you respected him, because he was a hell of a competitor. When I got my fourth hit, Gaylord glared at me. "You got enough yet?" he yelled over to me. "Not if I get another at bat," I told him honestly. I came up again in the bottom of the ninth and made it 5-for-5, so Matty and I went a combined 9-for-9 that day with the batting title on the line. I was at .3354 going into the last game of the season and Matty was at .3339. All I had to do on the last day of the season was do at least as well as Matty and I'd have my first batting title. I doubled my first time up and then couldn't get a hit the rest of the day. But I was in luck: Matty went 0-for-4. I'd done it. I'd won my first batting title on the last day of the season. I was the first switch batter to win the National League hitting title since Pete Reiser of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1941. PETE ROSE GRABS NL BATTING TITLE was the headline in papers all across the country. "I love the game," I told reporters afterward. "I love everything about it. Nothing in life is more fun. Baseball enables me to meet people. I enjoy that. I go to the ballpark every day, sign autographs, talk to reporters. I enjoy that." As much as I hated going on the disabled list, I can say now that those three weeks gave me the second wind that I needed to have a closeout season. That's the truth of it, but at the time I never convinced myself of that, because the last thing I wanted to do was make a habit of taking three weeks off in the middle of every summer. I figured that the batting title was going to come in handy in my next contract negotiations, when I pushed for the salary I was sure I deserved: $100,000. It might sound unbelievable to the contemporary fan, with multi-year contracts being so common now, but when I was a player we didn't have that. I had nothing but one-year contracts for my first sixteen seasons in the big leagues, all with the Reds. If you made the All-Star team or won a batting title, that helped your bargaining position to push for a raise. "Imagine making a hundred grand for doing something you were happy to do for nothing when you were a kid," I told reporters. Not bad for a guy who started out as a skinny little kid no one thought had a future. That year I came in second place in the voting for National League MVP, behind only Bob Gibson. You always hate to come in second in anything, but Bob Gibson had the kind of season you see once in a generation. He started 34 games and had 28 complete games. Imagine that in today's game. His ERA was 1.12, barely 1 run allowed per 9 innings, and he was 22–9 with a league-leading 13 shutouts and 268 strikeouts. He set a single-game strikeout record in the World Series with 17, but the Cardinals still lost to the Tigers in 7 games. Bob was the most competitive player I ever went against, and he was a master of intimidation. He never talked to you when he played against you. Nowadays when I see him he never stops talking! He's the nicest, friendliest guy you could ever want to meet. The National League was loaded with top-notch starting pitchers in those days. You would fly out to LA and have to go against Koufax, Drysdale, and Sutton, three future Hall of Famers, and then you would go up north to San Francisco and you'd have Gaylord Perry and Juan Marichal waiting for you. Then you went to St. Louis and took your chances against Gibson and Steve Carlton, and in New York you were liable to face Seaver, Koosman, and Matlock. Marichal had to have been the best pitcher I faced, even though I hit .340 off him. He was a real gamer and had five pitches he could throw for a strike at any given time. I think pitching at Candlestick Park helped him, too, with the wind blowing and the cold air and guys shivering and wishing they were somewhere else. ## CHAPTER 17 ## Morganna One time in the late 1960s my agent called me up and told me a man named Joe McCoy wanted me to come over to Pikeville, Kentucky, and make an appearance at a family banquet they were having, about four hours away from Cincinnati. Some of my family on my mother's side came from Kentucky, and I always felt like I had Kentucky in my blood. I said sure. I pulled up at the address they had given me and I couldn't believe how many Rolls Royces I saw out front and, once I went inside, how many Rolexes and diamonds I saw. This was a gathering of the famous McCoy family of Kentucky, and Joe McCoy and I hit it off right away. The McCoys were just hardworking, down-to-earth folks—in other words, my kind of people. They made a lot of money, but they were good ol' boys. They were famous for their family history. A century earlier violence had broken out between the McCoys and another Appalachian family, the Hatfields, and one thing had led to another. Soon they had a full-blown feud on their hands. It went from generation to generation, getting passed down. To me that story was all about determination. Those families were stubborn and tough in the way that I was on a baseball field. I saw some of myself in them and I think they saw some of themselves in me. They used to talk about how the war between the Hatfields and McCoys went on forever. When I first got to know Joe McCoy, the family was raking in a lot of money, mostly in the coal business. Joe had built a field house and sports complex in Phelps, Kentucky. Joe's son David was a basketball player, and he wanted him and the other kids in the area to have a good place to play games. They asked me to come down to be part of the first baseball game at the new complex and I was happy to make the drive over and throw out the first pitch. Joe's brother Jim, a former Marine Corps sergeant, ran the mine, and one time they decided to take me down for a look-see. That was my first time in a coal mine and I had no idea what to expect. I'm riding on a track a quarter-mile deep into a tunnel, and it's as black as Hades down there. I could only see right in front of me with the little light shining from the top of my helmet. I'm not gonna lie, I was kind of scared. As I rolled along, every fifty feet or so there was a light, and then I went past that and it was all ink-black again. I was just trying to stay calm and not hyperventilate. You can't panic down there, because once you start in on panic, you might not stop. Suddenly, there was a loud BOOM. The tunnel was shaking all around me, especially up above. Dust exploded at me from all directions at once and it was a gritty, gravelly kind of dust. _Oh my God,_ I was thinking to myself. _I'm going to be trapped under this fucking mountain._ They were messing with me. They hadn't told me they were doing any mining that day, because they wanted to see how I'd react to a dynamite explosion. We got to the back of the mine and I watched them work, loading up the conveyor belt with lumps of coal, which scooted out of there to where they loaded it up on trucks and drove it away. Those were some hardworking people, really putting their backs into it. I felt so comfortable over in that mine, it kind of reminded me of what made me tick as a ballplayer, which was being the hardest-working guy out there every inning of every game I played. It also reminded me of how lucky I was to being playing the game I loved for a living—instead of having to spend my work days hunched over in a hole in the ground hoping I didn't hear a big BOOM any second. I'd won my first batting title in 1968 and I came back the next season looking to make it two years in a row
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It might be necessary to pause and get our bearings, before pushing on with the rest of this unit. We'll return to our mantra of quick results soon enough. The command-line You may have some familiarity with the command-line already, having used CouchApp to send design documents to a CouchDB server. However, this is still a newish concept that requires some explanation. Since we'll be dealing with the command-line a lot with Node, it's important that we feel comfortable in it. Once you have Node installed, have learners type the following into the command line: node -e "console.log(1 + 1)" This tells Node to add 1 + 1 and log the response to the terminal. Next step: have students create a Javascript file with some log statements in it, and get Node to execute the file: node filename.js. If they can accomplish these tasks, then they know enough about the console (navigate the file system, list files, etc.) to move on. They'll also understand that you test a Node application by re-executing it in the terminal, just like you test a web application by refreshing the browser. Modules! So many modules... Node.js has an extremely rich collection of modules that extend its capabilities. You can download and install modules to connect to databases, format dates, and even send emails. You can obtain these modules, and thousands more, using a command-line tool called Node Package Manager (npm). This should be installed right after Node itself. Students must become familiar with finding and installing modules, and including them in their applications. As a simple exercise to confirm they can do this, choose a module that has a unique capability and have students write a simple application that uses it. You could have them send emails using node mailer, fetch their Facebook profile info using facebook-graph, or retrieve data from a CouchDB database using nano, cradle or couch-client. If they can successfully write a script to leverage a node module, then we're ready to rock and roll. Welcome to the server side. Now that we're familiar with the new tools, resources and workflows required to write programs in Node, let's look at how we can use it to build a web application. Learners will need to understand that Node is not a server, and so they'll need to build an application that bundles a server with it. To illustrate this point, demonstrate the famous, simple Hello world! server application. Based on everything we've learned to date (which is a lot), students ought to be able to understand everything that's going on in that example, and even recognize that we're setting HTTP header information like status codes and content-types manually. Now, we can pick up the pace. A note on scaffolding. As I've stressed again and again throughout the past 5 days, getting meaningful results quickly is more important than understanding how. This is why I recommended using Bootstrap instead of learning HTML and CSS from scratch. It's also why I recommended using the Ember framework for building complex web applications. These tools act as scaffolds to support learners and help them achieve more than they could on their own. As learners grow more confident and experienced, this scaffolding slowly falls away as they learn to support themselves. As educators, our job is to provide guidance and support to learners when they need it, and pull back when they don't. We do this by sequencing instruction, choosing appropriate tools, prescribing meaningful challenges and tasks, and filling in the blanks when necessary. This is why we slowed down to explain the basics of Node. Now it's time to speed up again! High-speed development with the Express framework Just like we leaned on Bootstrap and Ember so students could do more faster, we're going to use a server-side web application framework called Express to blaze ahead with this unit of study. Express is another NPM module that extends the capability of Node. Once you include the Express module in your Javascript application, you unlock the ability to easily create a web-server, define URLs that it responds to, describe custom behaviour for every URL (like receiving form data, or retrieving a record from a database, etc.), and use templates to easily format the responses that are served. It can also be easily adapted to behave like an MVC framework, which learners should already be familiar with from Day 4. Undoubtedly, we'll need to familiarize ourselves with this framework just as we did with Ember yesterday. A simple challenge to focus students would be to get them to create a simple, 3-page application, just like they did with Ember. This will give them an opportunity to try out the URL routing, templates and views in Express. These all ought to be familiar concepts from Ember. An intermediate challenge might be to create an application that reads data from a database and displays it on screen, optionally with the ability to edit and save items back to the database. This will require learners to set up both GET and POST URL routes, and define dynamic URL routes just like they did with Ember. It also requires them to rope in a database client and get their application to perform a set of actions before sending a response. At this point, we're pretty advanced programmers with plenty of diverse experiences. If you haven't given learners the chance to work together yet, I suggest giving them the opportunity now with an advanced challenge. Working in groups of 2-3, ask students to come up with idea for a web application, and try to implement it together. They'll need to organize themselves as a team, and break out roles and responsibilities like designing the interface, building the front end, managing the database and writing the server-side code to serve the application. Sensible division of labour and collaboration are essential programming skills, and a complex application is the perfect opportunity to develop them. As an added benefit, requiring students to work together on a project will force them to evaluate and compare their workflows, and try to find a way to contribute to the same codebase. This is the perfect way to introduce a distributed version control tool like Git, and perhaps get students to sign up for a free Github account. No time like the present to discover a worldwide community of open-source developers. Climbing up the ladder When developing a curriculum, it's important to be mindful that your learning objectives and outcomes span a range of complexity. Bloom's taxonomy is a good yardstick to determine whether your learning activities are sufficiently diverse. Bloom identifies a cognitive (and affective and psychomotor) hierarchy for classifying learning objectives: knowledge, comprehension and application on the low end, and analysis, synthesis and evaluation on the high end. It's easy to remember a set of facts (knowledge). It's harder to 'understand' a fact than it is to recall it (comprehension). It's more difficult to 'apply' knowledge than it is to comprehend it (application). It's more challenging still to critically reflect on something than it is to apply it (analysis). Producing something new by pulling together everything you've learned is even more difficult (synthesis). And finally, the most challenging cognitive task is to assess the value of what you've learned (evaluation). The wonderful thing about programming is that we're consistently building new things by applying what we've learned about various technologies. Throughout this course, we've had to know, understand, and apply different programming concepts, analyze both documentation and our own code, and synthesize our learning to build applications. But what about evaluation? The ability to evaluate and assess the value of knowledge only comes after substantial learning and experience. After everything we've learned over the past 5 days, we're at a point where we have enough knowledge and experience to begin determining what's valuable and what's not. For example, after having compared Ember to Express, some students may decide that they prefer building single-page applications to using server-side frameworks. Individual preferences may lead some students to choose one NPM module over another. As students collaborate, they'll compare their coding habits to their peers, and determine which habits are better than others. In other words, we've transitioned from complete novices to experienced developers, able to reflect critically on tooling, processes and technologies. Where do we go from here? My mission was to produce a course of study that would prepare newcomers for the industry we're trying to grow, and the jobs we'll need over the next decade. Our focus was on Javascript and web technologies, as this provided the broadest foundation of skills, and exposed learners to the widest array of specializations possible. Over the past 5 days, we've learned about front-end development, databases, HTTP and REST, object-oriented programming, MVC architectures, client and server-side frameworks, modules and version control. This is about as broad a foundation as it gets. Now, it's time to pick a path. Did you enjoy the unit on front-end development? Perhaps you want to pursue HTML and CSS in greater depth, and become a great designer. Did you like databases? Consider looking into data science some more. Are you interested in making games? There's plenty of game engines available for Javascript. Maybe you want to build a robot? You can program robots using Javascript. Do you want to build a mobile app for an iPhone or Android device? Javascript has you covered. You have the foundation you need to learn all kinds of programming languages and technologies now. You can stay with Javascript, or you can branch out. Revisit Day 1 and look at that intimidating list of servers, databases, programming languages and frameworks. That's a list of challenges waiting to be conquered. Good luck,
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4332, 15, 5595, 273, 841, 3374, 3812, 17006, 432, 11985, 285, 9551, 12154, 387, 619, 1959, 3909, 2143, 35824, 187, 187, 510, 1390, 1643, 3618, 452, 644, 247, 4956, 9549, 15, 28396, 275, 4247, 13, 309, 457, 306, 644, 20437, 247, 8857, 387, 247, 673 ]	a(j)). -22150548j2 - 4 Let v(u) = u2 + 120. Let z(t) = 166t + 170t - 498t + 164t. Give z(v(i)). 2i*2 + 240 Let c(p) = 136p*2 + 17p - 17. Let k(q) = -17q2 - 2q + 2. Suppose 51 = -3d - 0d. Let s(t) = dk(t) - 2c(t). Let y(n) = -3n2. Give s(y(r)). 153r4 Let q(b) be the second derivative of -b3 - b. Let m(d) = d. Suppose -5 + 9 = 4s. Let l(u) = sq(u) + 3m(u). Let n(k) = -5k. Calculate l(n(x)). 15x Let m(n) = -3n - 4. Let c(z) = 1. Let v(b) = 4c(b) + m(b). Let g(s) = 2s*2 + 4s*2 - 45s*2 + 14s*2 + 11s*2. Calculate v(g(o)). 42o2 Let g(u) be the second derivative of -u4/12 - 55u2 + 4u + 3. Let l(f) = f2. Give l(g(n)). n4 + 220n2 + 12100 Let b(j) = -3j. Let z(f) = -146f - 2179. Determine z(b(h)). 438h - 2179 Let q(u) be the first derivative of 5u2/2 + 39u + 145. Let o(s) = s*2. Give o(q(z)). 25z*2 + 390z + 1521 Let h(d) be the second derivative of 0d2 - 1/2d*3 - 16d + 0. Let w(f) be the second derivative of -f*3/3 - f. Determine w(h(i)). 6i Let a(o) = o*2 + 1. Suppose 4x - 1 - 3 = 0. Let j(m) = -15 + 17 - m2 - m2. Let b(u) = xj(u) - 2a(u). Let w(r) = -2r. Determine b(w(g)). -16g*2 Let t(i) = -4i - 4586 + 4586. Let x(y) = 4y2 + 3y. Calculate x(t(n)). 64n2 - 12n Let f(s) = 4s2. Suppose 5 = 4t + 3v - 6, -5t + 10 = 5v. Let n(a) = -22a - ta + 22a. Determine n(f(g)). -20g2 Let j(m) = -m2. Let s(n) be the first derivative of n4/8 + 13n*2/2 - 6. Let h(u) be the second derivative of s(u). Give j(h(f)). -9f2 Let m(p) be the first derivative of p4/8 + 9p2/2 + 4. Let s(g) be the second derivative of m(g). Let q(c) = 0c*2 + 3c2 + c2. Determine q(s(y)). 36y2 Let k(a) = -46484a. Let o(r) = 2r2. Determine k(o(x)). -92968x*2 Let r(f) = 136f - 1. Let x(l) = -4l2 + 8l*2 - 4l*2 + 2l2 + l2. Give x(r(u)). 55488u2 - 816u + 3 Let q(m) = 2m2. Let d(v) be the first derivative of -46v*3/3 - 64. What is q(d(c))? 4232c*4 Let d(v) be the second derivative of -2v*3/3 - 10v - 1. Let y(r) = 21r2 - 14r*2 + 14r*2. Determine y(d(c)). 336c*2 Let g(w) = 7w. Let Matalan extension to not go ahead? NEW plans submitted to Tamworth Borough Council appear to show that the extension to the current Matalan store is not to go ahead… with a completely new unit proposed for the earmarked land. The proposal will see an EIGHTH unit added to phase one of Ventura Retail Park with the new store new store stretching around the side and rear Matalan. Previously we have published news of plans for the Matalan store to be extended – but this shows a change of direction by the developers. Originally the planning committee granted permission for the side extension and mezzanine floor inside the matalan store on 20th April 2017. Earlier this month, Matalan confirmed that they had no plans to close their store, even for a temporary time whilst their current store is extended. This indicated the possibility of a change to the original idea of a larger Matalan store – with some readers speculating that a larger retailer like Primark may take the larger store. The proposed creation of Unit 8 will create 4,500 square meters of floor space which will be split over two floors. The plans showing the creation of Unit 8. Further Developments Permission has been granted for the units on that phase of the Park to have new cladding to the outside and to modernise the look. The units look will be sticking to the appearance of Next. The plans show that the new frontages of the stores will be predominantly glazed and use new, modern materials. In addition, units 2, 5 and 6; currently occupied by Halfords, Mothercare and Toys ‘R Us are to have Mezzanine floors installed. In the case of Halfords, extended. The car park will also see a facelift, with extra spaces added and an improved access road; moving the main road away from the front of the stores to increase safety to pedestrians. An additional 146 parking spaces will be created. An artists impression of the new look stores (prior to the change of heart for the Matalan store). The planning statement which was prepared by the developers at the time of application stated that the whole development would bring significant economic benefit to Tamworth with the creation of around 66 jobs based on the additional floor space and the assumption of one full-time employee per 90m of floor space. This could add around £2.5 million to the local economy. It is hoped by developers that the plans will ensure the major retails brands remain in Tamworth for years to come, securing existing employment. A reminder that this work is being funded by a private company, J.B. Auctott, and not Tamworth Borough Council. The proposals, securing employment and big names is surely a good thing for the town! Yes, as residents, we would love investments from big names in the Town Centre, but we cannot force the hands of the big names, they choose where they want to do business.blog.rubybestpractices.com Archives - 11 February 2013, Monday Welcome, Hacker News folks. If you find the following project worthwhile, I’d really appreciate an up vote so that I can reach a broader audience. Please read a bit about Ruby Mendicant University to see what cause this goes to support. Since the first Ruby Mendicant University sessio... Update: I came across an inlink to this page that was layering in advertisements in a frame. Luckily, there are technical solutions to at least some social problems, and you may now browse again in peace :) If you’ve worked with Ruby for at least a little while, you might already know... Today, we’ll focus on the question that caused me to write this series in the first place. Many readers were confused by my use of extend self within earlier Practicing Ruby articles, and this lead to a number of interesting questions on the mailing list at the time these articles wer... Issue #21: How to practice (1 of 2) 2011-09-06 16:00, written by Gregory Brown Originally published as part of the first volume of the Practicing Ruby newsletter on January 22, 2011. Most of these issues draw inspiration from discussions and teaching sessions at my free online school,... The last few weeks have been a wild ride. Starting in January, I’ve been releasing a chapter at a time
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432, 247, 4092, 941, 13770, 390, 20239, 2983, 15, 5863, 281, 1024, 13, 604, 247, 7811, 7407, 247, 2957, 1955, 281, 247, 20239, 13770, 13, 352, 369, 417, 6107, 285, 11766, 9355, 323, 275, 247, 7563, 15, 187, 187, 510, 747, 20239, 2495, 6503, 10949, 1480, 11655, 281, 530, 14, 46, 5085, 323, 2136, 38205, 347, 247, 906, 273, 247, 2990, 3988, 13770, 13, 941, 7355, 13, 2675, 3420, 11068, 15927, 13, 285, 6152, 8667, 12222, 13, 2190, 643, 11655, 15, 733, 671, 3797, 7031, 323, 8540, 281, 2626, 4676, 4795, 432, 824, 20239, 10502, 347, 6489, 19610, 390, 31957, 2289, 390, 897, 273, 247, 530, 14, 46, 1491, 985, 4795, 275, 8411, 273, 11068, 5323, 15, 187, 187, 3, 1231, 403, 1077, 13864, 281, 7832, 342, 253, 13790, 10071, 327, 8017, 3988, 275, 9159, 436, 747, 7031, 937, 2296, 20428, 416, 3155, 77, 26630, 13, 13372, 6423, 273, 2495, 4323, 15, 346, 1552, 310, 271, 16694, 14448, 4158, 281, 1329, 247, 11088, 2495, 14, 26454, 7792, 285, 7278, 8017, 3988, 8333, 2439, 253, 9835, 15, 6061, 673, 13, 359, 30258, 271, 4583, 5141, 275, 2495, 273, 11655, 12877, 281, 20239, 14207, 449, 187, 187, 21166, 285, 48429, 2903, 4628, 13, 253, 8339, 285, 10784, 9491, 7811, 6636, 342, 689, 30546, 253, 13790, 1491, 3988, 2086, 13, 310, 253, 45652, 1988, 281, 22887, 11354, 342, 1675, 281, 36300, 3916, 762, 436, 7031, 15, 416, 3155, 77, 26630, 7211, 326, 2378, 22887, 11354, 14802, 627, 310, 247, 3588, 1750, 13, 352, 588, 320, 2361, 281, 253, 6503, 2567, 323, 5162, 285, 34432, 15, 187, 187, 510, 6070, 273, 7031, 2130, 281, 9835, 5085, 285, 20036, 13, 11392, 407, 2408, 273, 253, 31985, 917, 13, 310, 7976, 327, 616, 1268, 273, 7092, 273, 253, 9835, 434, 8017, 3988, 2086, 15, 187, 187, 3, 6300, 751, 6503, 4413, 3959, 247, 1175, 14, 17440, 13630, 13, 359, 452, 18872, 253, 530, 14, 46, 20239, 2495, 6503, 7031, 281, 10921, 13790, 5085, 326, 452, 1160, 1534, 6031, 281, 1691, 275, 1659, 253, 1682, 8333, 3636, 275, 776, 1491, 3988, 2086, 937, 1359, 437, 2296, 15, 2765, 273, 6590, 15773, 673, 17417, 187, 187, 1552, 1618, 273, 6590, 15773, 673, 17417, 835, 5810, 2793, 253, 1072, 2180, 273, 673, 534, 310, 12889, 14932, 1076, 27, 672, 247, 2176, 1617, 310, 1313, 13, 824, 347, 247, 2471, 273, 247, 1894, 390, 247, 8886, 14190, 247, 2176, 673, 13, 253, 6287, 7866, 969, 13, 342, 581, 390, 625, 5810, 26179, 253, 12959, 432, 253, 2045, 6287, 15, 380, 1618, 3400, 253, 4454, 285, 4864, 2753, 2695, 265, 273, 6590, 275, 534, 673, 17417, 403, 247, 11906, 7484, 2813, 15, 187, 187, 2765, 187, 187, 5035, 671, 535, 5552, 273, 673, 4288, 2987, 273, 14459, 187, 6865, 4288, 187, 6865, 4288, 275, 14459, 187, 187, 4941, 187, 187, 1413, 27, 26149, 366, 28563, 6590, 187, 1413, 27, 50030, 273, 6590, 407, 1846, 2600, 586, 187, 1413, 27, 32159, 670, 673, 4288, 11212, 13907, 2605, 273, 38692, 285, 32988, 326, 476, 2572, 11528, 15, 187, 187, 34, 12085, 5750, 310, 271, 5750, 689, 21607, 12103, 407, 9159, 11349, 3687, 1318, 13, 2057, 407, 2097, 273, 2406, 7911, 390, 407, 5277, 3687, 5373, 285, 2579, 326, 816, 7790, 2169, 7911, 15, 3631, 19922, 2006, 3179, 486, 310, 253, 2515, 326, 1581, 253, 19303, 10726, 281, 6635, 625, 6224, 390, 8936, 24390, 2429, 281, 697, 2791, 28851, 15, 10518, 9891, 7744, 1287, 2136, 8130, 275, 1340, 281, 6558, 247, 12085, 5750, 15, 1737, 310, 253, 12085, 5750, 273, 634, 2136, 285, 7212, 273, 253, 8130, 13, 323, 17170, 1840, 3388, 3045, 275, 271, 4491, 689, 697, 28851, 32, 380, 4736, 273, 1199, 273, 2136, 5700, 310, 281, 5115, 247, 18380, 12085, 5750, 534, 310, 253, 2105, 5750, 273, 634, 2136, 15, 187, 187, 4943, 310, 849, 4413, 5115, 285, 10265, 12085, 2323, 273, 12734, 6277, 27636, 457, 84, 31225, 432, 17330, 10518, 4726, 368, 943, 3037, 27, 187, 187, 25735, 1050, 8404, 1608, 1875, 27, 11239, 368, 388, 7941, 285, 253, 2488, 13, 359, 403, 9995, 281, 320, 629, 273, 4730, 1108, 1281, 14309, 285, 26779, 187, 187, 1992, 320, 5547, 13, 368, 878, 281, 320, 2104, 281, 40244, 253, 5649, 368, 2085, 281, 634, 2303, 2791, 326, 368, 403, 1805, 685, 253, 21607, 15, 2064, 457, 84, 634, 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15, 26993, 2923, 19404, 574, 2406, 10438, 285, 3153, 4201, 4142, 2429, 342, 2571, 326, 13368, 21075, 19448, 10296, 313, 5757, 84, 481, 844, 943, 4035, 281, 1908, 253, 2523, 273, 44371, 275, 1363, 665, 13368, 17484, 323, 36929, 15, 831, 310, 253, 806, 1304, 273, 247, 5547, 3153, 4201, 275, 247, 3110, 342, 247, 45752, 4502, 665, 13368, 26773, 285, 13215, 846, 24365, 273, 271, 46048, 26223, 15, 380, 3110, 369, 247, 3435, 14, 2913, 14, 744, 6692, 3416, 15, 1500, 369, 11245, 342, 32909, 284, 8739, 14638, 249, 3691, 387, 2145, 1107, 273, 2363, 13, 285, 703, 3715, 3199, 1994, 9576, 262, 36567, 1204, 846, 26773, 285, 13215, 15, 2058, 3435, 1107, 273, 2363, 13, 703, 3407, 44371, 1971, 342, 275, 14, 87, 4905, 46960, 313, 3252, 39, 481, 380, 1268, 273, 3270, 14, 46, 455, 254, 757, 14689, 313, 2300, 41, 10, 369, 577, 15, 1717, 9782, 16, 1686, 15, 2732, 18984, 10277, 407, 1029, 15134, 1966, 1821, 32171, 50138, 41916, 249, 313, 18582, 14, 73, 24580, 582, 703, 2797, 767, 17916, 6711, 7752, 285, 3395, 12821, 407, 24365, 273, 247, 3501, 412, 250, 14, 5608, 17916, 42774, 15, 2058, 5345, 34522, 3618, 13, 703, 8549, 247, 5875, 5343, 6858, 407, 19109, 45072, 2593, 15, 688, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 496, 2213, 2123, 26394, 1198, 27147, 32254, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 30234, 5251, 15022, 5128, 964, 831, 9386, 2460, 18406, 670, 496, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 496, 2213, 2123, 26394, 1198, 27147, 32254, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 30234, 5251, 15022, 5128, 310, 2130, 281, 6184, 15, 844, 4822, 436, 9386, 2460, 432, 8573, 285, 5206, 253, 1682, 323, 368, 15, 496, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 496, 2213, 2123, 26394, 1198, 27147, 32254, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 30234, 5251, 15022, 5128, 7963, 285, 7968, 4849, 326, 9269, 1060, 369, 9257, 4236, 285, 28228, 407, 9384, 1105, 486, 2285, 846, 13887, 253, 4394, 326, 403, 1682, 2190, 253, 2571, 15, 1893, 13, 4720, 359, 1056, 352, 285, 1060, 841, 1618, 273, 9386, 2460, 323, 634, 17006, 285, 46373, 4096, 5001, 253, 496, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 496, 2213, 2123, 26394, 1198, 27147, 32254, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 30234, 5251, 15022, 5128, 347, 629, 273, 5402, 1294, 9293, 89 ]	Education Consultants Association (HECA). The professional development seminars, meetings with admissions officers about their schools and the exchange of information at these conferences give IvySelect’s college admissions counselors deep insights and a wealth of information that we utilize in counseling our students about admissions to top-tier universities. Immersive Assistance Using current technology, IvySelect is able to offer the same “face-to-face” counseling experience remotely that would have previously been limited to in-person meetings. Today, videoconferencing is faster, easier and more reliable than ever. IvySelect, for instance, uses Skype to connect with students and to provide top-notch college admissions coaching from afar. Instead of endless exchanges of emails, which are impersonal and inefficient, IvySelect’s coaches utilize video conferencing to see and speak with their students within the context of immersive, hands-on meetings. Personal Consulting with a National Focus Choosing the right college admissions consultant is about much more than finding someone who happens to be in your area. Relying on the fact that a counselor is local is a step in the wrong direction. What matters most is choosing to work with an extremely knowledgeable, experienced, talented and intelligent college admissions consultant, regardless of location, who can best help you maximize your competitive stature to the most elite colleges in the nation. That is exactly what you will get by working with IvySelect. Remote counseling is even more convenient in many ways since you don’t have to leave home to get the guidance you need, so get in touch with IvySelect today! Numbers and dashes only please - include country and city code if not in USA Name This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. IvySelect is one of the best college counseling firms in the world. We are a boutique admissions consultancy based in Los Angeles, specializing in helping high-achieving students seeking admission to Ivy League universities and other top-tier colleges in the U.S, U.K. and Canada.Risk Management Services has purchased insurance coverage to recover financial losses incurred by U-M departments as a result of lost or stolen data, violation of privacy laws, intellectual property infringement and social media risks. The move comes in response to growing concerns about the potential costs associated with IT security incidents. Coverage now in place extends to the entire Ann Arbor campus, including the Health System, and the Flint and Dearborn campuses. IT security incidents comprise a wide range of threats to U-M resources, services, and students, faculty, and staff. Examples of incidents include: unauthorized use of systems or data, unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, or an attack or intrusion that results in severe disruption to critical services. "Educational institutions face unique exposures related to the Internet and information security and privacy," says Paul Howell, chief information security officer. "Even with the best security practices in place, there are still significant risks associated with assuring the privacy of sensitive information of U-M community members as well as other costs connected to data breaches or cyber attacks as a function of our complexity, decentralization, and global reach and the academic culture of open access." General liability coverage maintained by U-M likely would not cover significant losses related to cyber attacks. This new coverage closes that gap and helps to ensure that U-M will be covered in the event of regulatory fines, lawsuits, and reputational damage that may result from a serious data breach or cyber attack. Up to now, if a department experienced a loss due to a cyber breach, it was not covered and rarely planned for in a budget. The new cyber risk insurance covers direct losses to U-M units for business interruption as a result of a network security breach, data recovery, social media privacy violations, and credit monitoring expenses, among other losses. It also includes coverage for damages to third parties resulting from such cyber risks as identity theft or unauthorized access or use of a U-M information system resulting in violation of privacy laws. "We are very pleased to partner with the campus experts on IT security in offering this new coverage," says Kate Rychlinski, assistant director of risk management. "This is an innovative collaboration designed to support a comprehensive risk-management framework and enhance IT security practices across the university. Over time, we anticipate an overall reduction in risk of losses attributed to cyber threats." Information and Infrastructure Assurance, the Information and Technology Services department charged with overseeing the campus information security program, is the liaison to Risk Management with respect to initiating claims under this coverage. Rychlinski notes that once Risk Management determines there is a valid claim, it will be reported to the insurance company for processing and reimbursement. The extent of coverage available to university units and departments, reflected by amount of the deductible, is dependent on their level of implementation of the university's IT security program. "Just like insurance companies offer a good-driver discount, we have structured the U-M cyber risk insurance coverage to reward campus units that have made significant efforts to put in place the best practices identified in our information security program," Howell says.List of films featuring time loops This list of films featuring time loops where characters experience the same period of time which is repeatedly resetting: when a certain condition is met, such as a death of a character or a clock reaches a certain time, the loop starts again, with one or more characters retaining the memories from the previous loop. The list provides the names and brief synopses of films in which time loops are a prominent plot device. List See also List of time travel works of fiction Time travel Time travel in fiction References Category:Alternate timeline films Category:Lists of films by common content Category:Films about time travelSignificant structure of Competition and Strategy that can increase profit. A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices. Competitive Advantage is the conditions that allow the productive entity to generate more sales or superior margins compared to its market rivals. Business owners commonly develop business strategies in order to maintain a competitive advantage. What is the competitive advantage of your business and formula of the strategies, for achieving above average performance in an industry over its rivals? The goal of much of business strategy is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage which is the cost advantage of your business. Here is how companies achieve and sustain competitive success of Professor Michael Porter’s frameworks from Harvard Business School you should learn: Educational Social Sharing: Thank you HBR and the author, we are glad to be part of education – Let Live and Learn To be successful, you need to be able to articulate the benefit you provide to your target market that you are better than the competitors. That’s your competitive advantage. You must reinforce that message in every communication to your customers. That includes advertising, public relations, and online marketing. It even includes your storefront and employees. Learn How to Grow Your Business Online Suscribe and Get 20% off our services before 09/30/2018 Or Click on our social media icon to Like Or Follow us and get 20% off our services before 09/30/2018 Suscribe and Get 20% off our services before 09/30/2018Successful live birth in a patient who underwent cranial radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy by implantation of a cryopreserved blastocyst on day 7. Preservation of fertility has been recommended for cancer-bearing patients of reproductive age before undergoing cancer treatment. However, there are many considerations and it is difficult to preserve fertility for all patients undergoing therapy for malignancies. Female cancer survivors had lower pregnancy and live birth rates compared with others that underwent assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). We should continue to consider the issue of infertility in patients who underwent therapies for malignancies. This is the first report of a successful live birth in a patient with a cranial tumor who underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy after implantation of an autologous embryo. The patient was a 27-year-old Japanese woman. She was diagnosed with suprasellar germinoma at 13 years of age, and she developed panhypopituitarism after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. At 27 years of age, she began infertility treatment with in-vitro fertilization (IVF). The level of anti-Mallerian hormone (AMH) was 4.29 ng/ml. After ovarian stimulation by high purified human menopausal gonadotropin (HP-hMG), she obtained two blastocysts and became pregnant by implantation of a cryopre- served blastocyst. At 37 gestational weeks, she delivered a healthy female baby by cesarean section.In Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus In Resume Samples For Healthcare Jobs Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus Entrylevel Clinical Data . This wonderful image collections about In Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus In Resume Samples For Healthcare Jobs Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus Entrylevel Clinical Data is available to download. We collect this wonderful image from internet and choose the best for you. In Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus In Resume Samples For Healthcare Jobs Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus Entrylevel Clinical Data photos and pictures collection that posted here was carefully selected and uploaded by Rockymage team after choosing the ones that are best among the others. So, finally we make it and here these list of wonderful image for your inspiration and informational purpose regarding the In Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus In Resume Samples For Healthcare Jobs Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus Entrylevel Clinical Data as part of Your Prospex
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These receptors are found in the heart cells, muscles, and the liver cells. The binding of active sesamin to PPAR-alpha activates the genes that help in burning fat. As people enter their forties and fifties, muscle mass starts to decline because of aging and, in some cases, decreased activity levels. Muscular atrophy can also occur because of health conditions, such as joint pain. As we age, it’s important to increase or maintain muscle mass through strength training, not only because it helps burn calories, but also because muscle mass is essential for strength and balance. If you're ready to move on from classic Bulgarian split squats, Swan's amped-up variation gets your upper body in on the action for a true total-body exercise. "This combination move works your legs, butt, chest, back, arms, and core," she says. "And it not only hits all the major muscle groups—it also lets you work on balance." Give it a shot and you'll see why. The workout below, created by Jess Sims, NASM-certified personal trainer and instructor at Classpass Live, Shadowbox, and Fhitting Room in New York City, challenges your entire body and doesn't require a single piece of equipment. "It’s a full-body, dynamic workout that includes strength, power, mobility, and cardio," Sims says. "It’s also great because it’s customizable—if you have less than 20 minutes, you can do the circuit one time, or if you have more than 20 minutes you can do it three times." Exercise helps people perform activities of daily life more easily. Physically fit people are stronger, healthier and more energetic than sedentary people. They are able to solve problems more readily, deal with stress more effectively, think faster and remember things more efficiently. Overall, activities of daily life become less of a chore for active people. Ginger has been used to cure many ailments, and now, researchers have found that ginger also aids weight loss. Ginger increases lactic acid production by the muscles. Lactic acid stimulates the release of the growth hormone, which results in the breakdown of fat. Therefore, adding ginger to your food or just eating a small piece of raw ginger will help you to lose weight (2). Exercise provides socialization opportunities. Exercising outside the home, whether in the great outdoors, at a gym or recreation center, in an exercise class, sport group, walking or running club, etc., all lead to encounters with other people who also enjoy working out. New acquaintances and friendships develop readily in such contexts. Over time, having the pleasure of one's exercise group's company becomes another reason to exercise. McAlpine's favorite on-the-go exercise is a classic for a reason: Push-ups are one of the most effective bodyweight exercises around. "Primarily, this move will target your chest, triceps, and your anterior deltoid muscles (the front of your shoulders)," says McAlpine. It also seriously works your core. Plus, there's something that just feels badass about working on push-ups and seeing yourself improve over time. "I personally love that feeling of strength that comes from this simple move," says McAlpine. The back parts of the arms are called triceps and these are the most affected areas on the arms. They are fat guzzlers, they can get really annoying. You need only a table or chair to tone these. You don’t need to buy extra pairs of clothes for exercising. You can do these in your comfort, at your home. So do try these simple exercises to lose fat fast from your arms. In a high plank position—palms flat on the floor beneath your shoulders, arms straight. Ease down on to your left forearm. Then, ease down your right arm until you’re in a forearm plank. Now push up with your right hand and then your left to return to a high plank. Repeat, alternating which side you lower first with each rep.” Lagree recommends doing two sets of ten reps. Another workout worth trying: these 9 resistance band exercises that will work your entire body. A workout once in a blue moon won’t do it, she says: you really have to exercise regularly, since hormone levels largely return to baseline after you exercise. That said, there’s an effect that accrues over time, which is what you want to harness by being active at least a few times a week. “What I’d caution readers is not to view our results as ‘one 20-minute moderate exercise will be a cure for all inflammatory conditions,’” says Hong. “These significant immune effects we observed occurred immediately with one bout of exercise, and likely will occur each time one exercises. So every time you exercise you’d see this effect, which will be cumulative over time.” In case you’re curious, I’ll take a quick minute to share a little bit about who I am, my experience with struggling with my weight, what I did about it, and my purpose for helping folks all over the world do the same... I've found that what brings me the most happiness are the real people with real lives I've helped, as they email me about the success they've had using my techniques... read more And perhaps one of the best new findings about exercise — especially if you, like many people, struggle to find the time to fit it into a busy day — is that all those benefits of physical activity can be had even if you only squeeze in a few minutes of exercise a day. While doctors used to think that we needed to engage in 30 to 60 minutes of exercise a day, new research is finding that we can see benefits with shorter bursts of physical activity. “As little as 15 minutes a day of high-intensity activity that leaves you breathless, like swimming, can kick start your metabolic rate and reduce body fat and increase muscle mass,” says Dr. Berger. FIT TIP: To trim your tummy, do fewer crunches and more planks: Begin on all fours, hands under shoulders, knees under hips, then lower forearms to floor and extend legs straight behind you, balancing on toes. Keeping abs engaged and back flat, hold for 30 seconds; do 10 reps three or four times a week. Limit crunches to no more than three sets of 15 at a time. Anything beyond that isn't doing you much good, experts say. With that said, don’t relax too much, or it loses the effect. It’s okay to indulge every so often. Treat yourself to some junk food you’re craving, imbibe a drink here and there, and spend a day vegging out on your couch. Staying healthy doesn’t have to be torture. Just turn down when you can and dedicate some time to better the health of your body. You only get one. Get down on all fours with your knees placed directly below your hips and palms placed directly below your shoulders. Now, raise your right arm forward and stretch your left leg backward at the same time. Create a tension in your back by flexing your foot. Hold the position for a few seconds and then come back to the starting position. Repeat the same using your left arm and right leg. Repeat 15 to 20 times on both sides. 2. Have a liquid meal immediately after the last exercise of your arm workout. When you are working out, little channels called glut-4 transporters temporarily migrate towards the surface of your muscle cells. They are responsible for letting nutrients into your arm’s compact muscles. This provides a rare chance to flood your arms with a controlled amount of nutrients that will accelerate the arm toning process. You have to have a liquid meal (solids take too long to digest) because the transporters disappear after 20 minutes. The results showed significant weight loss, between 4.3 and 5.7 percent of their starting weights, for both men and women. Most participants walked or jogged on treadmills for the majority of their exercise sessions. If you don’t have access to a treadmill, try taking a few brisk walks or jogs a day, such as during your lunch break or before dinner. I’m on Day 21 of this challenge, and I haven’t missed a single day! This is the first time I’ve ever been able to stick to a workout challenge for more than 5 days, and I want to thank you, Cassey. You are inspirational and so fun and you understand beginners better than any other fitness instructor out there. Thank you thank you THANK YOU for this challenge, and never stop!!! If you want to lose weight and keep it off, you know that exercise should be an essential part of your routine. But the benefits of physical activity go far beyond just physical fitness. Increasingly, more and more research is showing that working out regularly can boost other aspects of your health as well, including cognitive function and emotional well-being. 3. Practice “glycogen depletion” and repletion. Once you get the hang of eating as described in rule #1, you have to start manipulating your carbohydrate intake. The key is to keep it simple: on days you don’t workout reduce carbohydrate intake, on days you do workout increase it. Doing this is like applying a blow torch to your arm fat. Just make sure you don’t go into ketosis a la Atkins—research has shown that total carbohydrate elimination is NOT necessary for maximum toning. Not to mention, the acidic breath you get from ketosis stinks! Begin in a forearm plank position. Press the right hand into the floor and then the left hand, rising to a high-plank position. Rotate your body to
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lasts[0] = ifs.Body.List[len(ifs.Body.List)-1] if block, ok := ifs.Else.(ast.BlockStmt); ok { if len(block.List) != 0 { lasts = append(lasts, block.List[len(block.List)-1]) } } } for _, last := range lasts { branch, ok := last.(ast.BranchStmt) if !ok \|\| branch.Tok != token.BREAK \|\| branch.Label != nil { continue } j.Errorf(branch, "ineffective break statement. Did you mean to break out of the outer loop?") } } } return true } for _, f := range j.Program.Files { ast.Inspect(f, fn) } } func (c Checker) CheckUnsafePrintf(j lint.Job) { fn := func(node ast.Node) bool { call, ok := node.(ast.CallExpr) if !ok { return true } var arg int if IsCallToAnyAST(j, call, "fmt.Printf", "fmt.Sprintf", "log.Printf") { arg = Arg("fmt.Printf.format") } else if IsCallToAnyAST(j, call, "fmt.Fprintf") { arg = Arg("fmt.Fprintf.format") } else { return true } if len(call.Args) != arg+1 { return true } switch call.Args[arg].(type) { case ast.CallExpr, ast.Ident: default: return true } j.Errorf(call.Args[arg], "printf-style function with dynamic format string and no further arguments should use print-style function instead") return true } for _, f := range j.Program.Files { ast.Inspect(f, fn) } } func (c Checker) CheckEarlyDefer(j lint.Job) { fn := func(node ast.Node) bool { block, ok := node.(ast.BlockStmt) if !ok { return true } if len(block.List) < 2 { return true } for i, stmt := range block.List { if i == len(block.List)-1 { break } assign, ok := stmt.(ast.AssignStmt) if !ok { continue } if len(assign.Rhs) != 1 { continue } if len(assign.Lhs) < 2 { continue } if lhs, ok := assign.Lhs[len(assign.Lhs)-1].(ast.Ident); ok && lhs.Name == "_" { continue } call, ok := assign.Rhs[0].(ast.CallExpr) if !ok { continue } sig, ok := TypeOf(j, call.Fun).(types.Signature) if !ok { continue } if sig.Results().Len() < 2 { continue } last := sig.Results().At(sig.Results().Len() - 1) // FIXME(dh): check that it's error from universe, not // another type of the same name if last.Type().String() != "error" { continue } lhs, ok := assign.Lhs[0].(ast.Ident) if !ok { continue } def, ok := block.List[i+1].(ast.DeferStmt) if !ok { continue } sel, ok := def.Call.Fun.(ast.SelectorExpr) if !ok { continue } ident, ok := selectorX(sel).(ast.Ident) if !ok { continue } if ident.Obj != lhs.Obj { continue } if sel.Sel.Name != "Close" { continue } j.Errorf(def, "should check returned error before deferring %s", Render(j, def.Call)) } return true } for _, f := range j.Program.Files { ast.Inspect(f, fn) } } func selectorX(sel ast.SelectorExpr) ast.Node { switch x := sel.X.(type) { case ast.SelectorExpr: return selectorX(x) default: return x } } func (c Checker) CheckEmptyCriticalSection(j lint.Job) { // Initially it might seem like this check would be easier to // implement in SSA. After all, we're only checking for two // consecutive method calls. In reality, however, there may be any // number of other instructions between the lock and unlock, while // still constituting an empty critical section. For example, // given `m.x().Lock(); m.x().Unlock()`, there will be a call to // x(). In the AST-based approach, this has a tiny potential for a // false positive (the second call to x might be doing work that // is protected by the mutex). In an SSA-based approach, however, // it would miss a lot of real bugs. mutexParams := func(s ast.Stmt) (x ast.Expr, funcName string, ok bool) { expr, ok := s.(ast.ExprStmt) if !ok { return nil, "", false } call, ok := expr.X.(ast.CallExpr) if !ok { return nil, "", false } sel, ok := call.Fun.(ast.SelectorExpr) if !ok { return nil, "", false } fn, ok := ObjectOf(j, sel.Sel).(types.Func) if !ok { return nil, "", false } sig := fn.Type().(types.Signature) if sig.Params().Len() != 0 \|\| sig.Results().Len() != 0 { return nil, "", false } return sel.X, fn.Name(), true } fn := func(node ast.Node) bool { block, ok := node.(ast.BlockStmt) if !ok { return true } if len(block.List) < 2 { return true } for i := range block.List[:len(block.List)-1] { sel1, method1, ok1 := mutexParams(block.List[i]) sel2, method2, ok2 := mutexParams(block.List[i+1]) if !ok1 \|\| !ok2 \|\| Render(j, sel1) != Render(j, sel2) { continue } if (method1 == "Lock" && method2 == "Unlock") \|\| (method1 == "RLock" && method2 == "RUnlock") { j.Errorf(block.List[i+1], "empty critical section") } } return true } for _, f := range j.Program.Files { ast.Inspect(f, fn) } } // cgo produces code like fn(&_Cvar_kSomeCallbacks) which we don't // want to flag. var cgoIdent = regexp.MustCompile(`^_C(func\|var)_.+$`) func (c Checker) CheckIneffectiveCopy(j lint.Job) { fn := func(node ast.Node) bool { if unary, ok := node.(ast.UnaryExpr); ok { if star, ok := unary.X.(ast.StarExpr); ok && unary.Op == token.AND { ident
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13, 7651, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 390, 5836, 51, 15, 2377, 15, 25, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 26, 3706, 8010, 17, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 310, 9946, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 17519, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 9348, 9356, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 17519, 394, 900, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 20674, 18573, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 20674, 1278, 9356, 13, 40491, 390, 9348, 9356, 18573, 1907, 387, 954, 577, 6315, 10917, 28, 8010, 17, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 310, 9946, 13, 9758, 390, 30097, 28, 8010, 17, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 22, 310, 9946, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 17519, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 9348, 9356, 13, 10258, 1004, 1105, 4040, 13, 28422, 37109, 390, 2645, 4692, 4040, 28, 8010, 17, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 23, 285, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 24, 403, 1016, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 22, 17519, 13, 330, 15, 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1190, 390, 714, 51, 15, 2377, 15, 22, 3706, 8010, 17, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 310, 388, 13, 40491, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 22, 17519, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 22, 355, 3612, 1190, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 20674, 18573, 13, 714, 51, 15, 2377, 15, 22, 13, 6392, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 23, 13, 7651, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 390, 5836, 51, 15, 2377, 15, 24, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 25, 3706, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 285, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 13, 1016, 10939, 273, 253, 643, 13, 403, 388, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 17519, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 9348, 9356, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 17519, 394, 900, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 20674, 18573, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 20674, 1278, 9356, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 20674, 18573, 394, 900, 13, 40491, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 22, 9348, 9356, 18573, 13, 15132, 15, 2377, 15, 26, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 740, 390, 473, 2775, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 5642, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 15132, 15, 2377, 15, 26, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 740, 15, 8010, 17, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 310, 388, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 17519, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 9348, 9356, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 17519, 394, 900, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 20674, 18573, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 20674, 1278, 9356, 13, 40491, 390, 9348, 9356, 18573, 4508, 417, 625, 685, 577, 6315, 10917, 28, 8010, 17, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 310, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 740, 355, 3612, 1190, 534, 310, 18528, 407, 581, 390, 625, 16504, 460, 390, 27726, 460, 10917, 390, 407, 581, 390, 625, 30721, 13, 2645, 4692, 13, 33415, 13, 313, 58, 481, 2377, 15, 78, 6392, 9, 59, 481, 2377, 15, 79, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 25, 13, 8717, 15, 2377, 15, 19, 15132, 15, 2377, 15, 883, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 805, 13, 322, 9, 48, 481, 2377, 15, 81, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 20674, 18573, 390, 322, 9, 48, 481, 2377, 15, 79, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 17519, 2390, 285, 534, 778, 23000, 320, 18528, 407, 581, 390, 625, 42488, 10917, 28, 8010, 17, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 21, 310, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 17519, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 20674, 18573, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 9348, 9356, 390, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 20674, 1278, 9356, 28, 8010, 17, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 22, 310, 388, 13, 40491, 13, 15132, 15, 2377, 15, 1012, 416, 15, 2377, 15, 1047, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 17519, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15, 20, 20674, 18573, 13, 330, 15, 2377, 15, 18, 428, 36, 15, 2377, 15 ]	5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, YR.sub.5, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 ; and PA0 R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, each independently of the other, are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, halogen or alkoxyalkyl of at most 4 carbon atoms. PA0 X is O, S, SO or SO.sub.2 ; PA0 R.sub.1 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or YR.sub.5 ; PA0 R.sub.2 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, YR.sub.5, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 ; and PA0 R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently of one another, are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, halogen or alkoxyalkyl of at most 4 carbon atoms. PA0 X is O, S, SO or SO.sub.2 ; PA0 R.sub.1 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or YR.sub.5 ; PA0 R.sub.2 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, YR.sub.5, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 ; PA0 R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, halogen or alkoxyalkyl of at most 4 carbon atoms; and PA0 R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio. PA0 X is O, S, SO or SO.sub.2 ; PA0 R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or a YR.sub.6 group; PA0 R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, YR.sub.6, CO.sub.2 R.sub.7, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.8 R.sub.9 ; PA0 R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, halogen or alkoxyalkyl having at most 4 carbon atoms; PA0 R.sub.4 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; PA0 R.sub.5 is hydrogen C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, methoxymethyl, cyanomethyl or cyanoethyl; PA0 R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynyl; PA0 R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, each unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms; PA0 R.sub.3 is halogen, H, NR.sub.4 R.sub.5, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted by methoxy, ethoxy, or 1 to 3 halogen atoms; PA0 A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenylene, each unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; PA0 m is 0 or 1; PA0 E is N or CH; PA0 X is oxygen, sulfur, SO or SO.sub.2 ; and PA0 Q is, in part, OH, CN, NR.sub.6 R.sub.7, SO.sub.2 R.sub.8, cycloalkyl or COC.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl. PA0 m is 1 or 2; PA0 E is CH or N; PA0 Z is oxygen or sulfur, PA0 R is, in part, H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 haloalkyl; PA0 R.sub.1 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or YR.sub.5 ; PA0 R.sub.2 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, YR.sub.5, CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 ; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, each independently of the other, are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, halogen, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkoxyalkyl, NR.sub.9 R.sub.10 or OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NR.sub.9 R.sub.10. PA0 R.sub.2 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, halogen or alkoxyalkyl containing not more than 4 carbon atoms; PA0 R.sub.3 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkenyl which is substituted by one or more fluorine or bromine atoms or by one or more hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, (Y).sub.m CO(Z).sub.n R.sub.8, SO.sub.2 NR.sub.11 R.sub.12, S(O).sub.p C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl or S(O).sub.n C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl groups and which may additionally be substituted by one or more chlorine atoms; PA0 R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkoxy; PA0 R.sub.5 is H, halogen, NR.sub.13 R.sub.14, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.
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7019, 14949, 46350, 1159, 15, 33521, 273, 313, 49, 10, 12310, 253, 985, 273, 7424, 669, 6526, 269, 9, 89, 4010, 17, 1352, 12090, 7269, 34560, 4870, 2226 ]	as to separate opposed flattened surface of said cuff portion to enable said ring means to be inserted into said cuff portion, said ring means being in said first configuration comprising a substantially flattened transverse profile. wherein steps (g) to (i) are performed between steps (b) and (c). Further, the method optionally further comprises the following steps:- (j) providing said inter-surface separation means; (k) placing said suction port of said vacuum wand in close proximity to the external surface of one opposing flattened surface of said cuff portion, said cuff portion being in said non-expanded condition; (l) providing suction to a part of said external of said one flattened surface of said cuff portion via said vacuum wand such as to separate opposed flattened surfaces of said cuff portion to enable said ring means to be inserted into said cuff portion, said ring means being in said first configuration comprising a substantially flattened transverse profile. wherein steps (j) to (l) are performed between steps (b) and (g). Alternatively, steps (g), (h) and (i) are not performed, and steps (j) to (l) are performed between steps (b) and (c). Optionally, the method further comprises the steps:- (m) providing said first transport means; (n) transporting said vacuum wand to a position superposed over said one flattened surface of said cuff portion between step (j) and step (k); Optionally, the method further comprises the steps: (o) grasping said cuff portion by means of said vacuum wand and transporting said glove via said first transport means to a position within said holding means such that said cuff portion is aligned with said at least one contact surface prior to step (c); (p) expanding said ring means to a third configuration intermediate said first configuration and said second configuration, wherein in said third configuration, said ring is expanded sufficiently so as to engage and partially expand said cuff portion; (q) reducing suction from said vacuum wand such as to disengage from said cuff portion prior to step (d). The method may further optionally comprise the steps:- (r) providing said second transport means; (s) expanding said ring means to a third configuration intermediate said first configuration and said second configuration, wherein in said third configuration, said ring is expanded sufficiently so as to engage and partially expand said cuff portion; (t) reducing suction from said vacuum wand such as to disengage from said cuff portion; (u) grasping said cuff portion by means of said ring means and transporting said glove via said second transport means to a position within said holding means such that said cuff portion is aligned with said at least one contact surface prior to step (c). Preferably, the holding means are sealingly mounted to an open end of a vacuum chamber such that a glove held by said holding means extends into said vacuum chamber, said vacuum chamber being adapted for expanding a portion of said glove extending into said chamber by the application of a vacuum to the external surface of said portion of said glove when said cuff portion is sealing held in said open condition by said holding means. Such a method may be adapted for donning right handed gloves and/or left-handed gloves to a user. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for donning elastically expandable gloves comprising: (i) at least one vacuum chamber having an open end, said vacuum chamber operatively connected to a suitable vacuum source; (ii) holding means mounted onto said open end; (iii) ring means. Optionally, said apparatus further comprises glove dispensing means for enabling at Least one glove to be engaged by said ring means, and inter-surface separation means. Preferably, said apparatus comprises two said vacuum chambers, wherein one said vacuum chamber is adapted for donning left-handed gloves, and wherein the other said vacuum chamber is adapted for donning right-handed gloves.Increase Brain Performance Sleep is also normal to passion your memories and help you gentleman and web your performance of vigilant mensurations. In fact, a petit. Dance repose is increasingly used because it secrets many diverse dans making it a raser tool for vague physical performance as well as rupture. As we get payer, we take horrible care of our dimensions, but we need to care for. Here are six minimum temps you can do to keep your gentleman quick for surprises to come. Compliment sorties to improve feeling and front bouquet. Theres no parking that grace fesses the body and the devoir. Important exercise can increase the patients of poufs that route your.things I think I think at any particular moment in time It’s a big week for us…the latest show at the theatre opens this week. Kiddo and I have been so busy for the last month and a half getting ready. And sadly this has not been my favorite show to work on, so I am glad that it is almost over. We have a rehearsal on Thursday evening and then six performances over the next three weeks. Then we’ll have our evenings back for a while. Neither of us seem interested in doing the Christmas show. J just stopped talking to me about a week ago. I sent her a text and asked if she was okay, she had been quiet, and got no response. I don’t know what to make of it. I’ve been bored though, without her to talk to. I got back on two dating websites and have had a few conversations with people but nothing exciting. The worst part is that I’ve been thinking about P a lot lately. Ever since I went to see her show a couple weeks ago. I hadn’t seen her for about a month before that, and I had finally gotten her at least to the back of my mind, and now bam, she’s right back in there. I’ve tried to ignore it all. I haven’t texted her or anything. I commented on a Facebook post of hers, told her congratulations on a directing gig she had picked up. She liked a status of mine. It’s like, we’re still friendly. Just at a distance. I still have no idea if there is any interest on her part. That’s the worst thing. I wish I could just get a “let’s just be friends” because at least that would be clarity. There would be boundaries. But as it stands now, there’s nothing. I don’t know what we are. I don’t know what she wants. I just know that none of the other girls I’ve dated have come close to her. And I think subconsciously (and sometimes consciously) I am using her as the standard by which I’m judging all of my other dating prospects. It sucks. She said she would come to one of our shows, so that’s probably where I’ll see her next. And then on the 19th we’ll start watching The Walking Dead at our other friends’ house again. And I just know that I’m setting myself up for more heartache. I don’t want that. But I can’t stop.Tommy Robredo Videos Haider-Maurer, Ferrer, Souza Advance In Rio Andreas Haider-Maurer topped Tommy Robredo in two sets, David Ferrer advanced when Thiemo de Bakker retired due to an injury, and hometown favorite Joao Souza topped Blaz Rola in three sets to advance to the quarterfinals at the Rio Open.Dasytanobium timberkalei Dasytanobium timberkalei is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae. References Further reading Category:Ptinidae Category:Beetles described in 1921--- abstract: 'In this paper, a two-phase quasi-Newton scheme is proposed for solving an unconstrained optimization problem. The global convergence property of the scheme is provided under mild assumptions. The super linear rate of the scheme is also proved in the vicinity of the solution. The advantages of the proposed scheme over the traditional scheme are justified with numerical table and graphical illustrations.' author: - Suvra Kanti Chakraborty - Geetanjali Panda date: 'Received: date / Accepted: date' title: 'A Two-Phase Quasi-Newton Method for Optimization Problem' --- [example.eps]{} gsave newpath 20 20 moveto 20 220 lineto 220 220 lineto 220 20 lineto closepath 2 setlinewidth gsave .4 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore Introduction ============ The basic idea behind the quasi-Newton methods for unconstrained optimization problem lies on updating the hessian approximation in a computationally cheap way, that ensures the secant condition. DFP and BFGS methods are popular quasi-Newton schemes. DFP method is sensitive to inaccurate line searches, where as BFGS scheme is widely used for its robustness and self correcting properties. quasi-Newton methods have super linear convergence property under exact or inexact line searches. One may see ( [@biglari2015limited], [@byrd2016stochastic], [@chen2014global], [@jensen2016approach], [@jie2007quasi], [@tapia2015averaging],[@xiao2013global], [@yuan2013bfgs]) for the recent advances in this direction. Consider a general minimization problem $$(P)~~Min_{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}} ~ f(x), \nonumber$$ where $f : R^n \rightarrow R$ is a twice continuously differentiable function. Solution of (P) satisfies the system of equations $\nabla f(x)=0$. Several advanced iterative processes exist
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15365, 64, 46490, 64, 25734, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 46490, 64, 41016, 64, 31060, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 9042, 2350, 8199, 27279, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 31060, 64, 57, 1372, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 9465, 19, 64, 7864, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 9465, 20, 64, 7864, 30, 90, 187, 4, 21628, 64, 9465, 20, 64, 7864, 64, 57, 21840, 310, 417, 873, 187, 15365, 64, 9465, 21, 64, 7864, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 28783, 4196, 1549, 64, 7864, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 43, 3271, 42, 2025, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 7273, 39, 64, 7864, 30, 78, 187, 15365, 64, 3338, 37, 2697, 64, 7864, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 49645, 1194, 64, 7864, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 53, 4548, 7864, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 43, 3269, 52, 19, 64, 7864, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 47, 7864, 64, 7864, 30, 90, 187, 15365, 64, 34101 ]	of the dollar has declined in real buying terms since April, 1986, to [January, 1990] by 16.1%." The City does not dispute this fact. The City's liability for its violation of section 8 of the Act accrued on April 15, 1986. The acts leading to this violation occurred in June of 1985. Plaintiffs were compensated for overtime worked up to June 10, 1985, and after January 4, 1989. The decline of the value of a dollar from April, 1986, to December, 1989, is 17.5%, according to the Consumer Price Index for "all urban consumers(CPI-U)" for "U.S. cities" and "all items," as published by the Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, on January 18, 1990. The decline in the value of a dollar from June, 1985, to December, 1989, is 18.5%. See id. [8] This period includes the April 15, 1986, date upon which the November, 1985, amendments to the FLSA took effect. [9] The City subsequent to January 4, 1989, utilized compensatory time off in lieu of overtime payments, adopting a "Kelly day" so that its firefighters no longer were scheduled to work overtime. [10] On or about July 1, 1985, the City made this lump sum payment to each Plaintiff and to all City employees for overtime worked from April 15 through June 10, 1985. At no time after the 1985 FLSA amendments were passed did the Defendant attempt to recoup these payments. [11] Since the overtime provisions of the FLSA did not apply to Plaintiffs prior to Garcia, the Court does not take the Plaintiffs' pleadings to assert the position that these leave hours were included in the calculation of overtime wages paid City firefighters prior to February of 1985. Further, since to 1985 amendments to the FLSA did not take effect until April 15, 1986, Plaintiffs' entitlement to damages beings on that date and ends when their wage rates were finally restored on January 4, 1989. The post-Garcia change in the method of overtime wage calculation was made by the City in order to avoid reducing the firefighters' hourly wage rates even lower than the 2.067% reduction it actually made. By including hours it normally would not include into the calculation of "hours worked," the City paid 3 extra hours of overtime. Therefore it did not have to reduce the Plaintiffs' hourly wage rates even lower in order to continue to pay each Plaintiffs the same annual wage. [12] In Hill, Judge Maloney included the firefighters' sick, vacation and holiday leave time as "hours worked" for purposes of computing FLSA overtime because the City of Greenville had informed its firefighters that it would continue to count such times when it reduced their hourly rates of pay. In that action such hours were counted for all city employees both before and after the reduction in wages, whereas here such hours were not counted before the reduction for any city employee nor after the reduction for any city employees other than Plaintiffs. Views can reference UDF resources stored in Google Cloud Storage, inline code blobs, or local files (contents will be loaded into inline code blobs). To create a view with a UDF using the BigQuery UI, just fill out the UDF resources as you would when running the query normally, and save as a view. (In other words, no special actions are required). To specify these during view creation from the command-line client, use the --view_udf_resource flag: bq mk --view="SELECT foo FROM myUdf(table)" \ --view_udf_resource="gs://my-bucket/my-code.js" In the above example, gs://my-bucket/my-code.js would contain the definition for myUdf() . You can provide multiple --view_udf_resources flags if you need to reference multiple code files in your view query. You may specify gs:// URIs or local files. If you specify a local file, then the code will be read once and packed into an inline code resource.CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL=y CONFIG_SYSVIPC=y CONFIG_NO_HZ=y CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS=y CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT=14 CONFIG_EXPERT=y CONFIG_SLAB=y CONFIG_MODULES=y CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD=y # CONFIG_BLK_DEV_BSG is not set CONFIG_PARTITION_ADVANCED=y CONFIG_ARCH_DOVE=y CONFIG_MACH_DOVE_DB=y CONFIG_MACH_CM_A510=y CONFIG_MACH_DOVE_DT=y CONFIG_AEABI=y CONFIG_HIGHMEM=y CONFIG_ZBOOT_ROM_TEXT=0x0 CONFIG_ZBOOT_ROM_BSS=0x0 CONFIG_ARM_APPENDED_DTB=y CONFIG_ARM_ATAG_DTB_COMPAT=y CONFIG_VFP=y CONFIG_NET=y CONFIG_PACKET=y CONFIG_UNIX=y CONFIG_INET=y CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST=y CONFIG_IP_PNP=y CONFIG_IP_PNP_DHCP=y CONFIG_IP_PNP_BOOTP=y # CONFIG_IPV6 is not set CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH="/sbin/hotplug" CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT=y CONFIG_MTD=y CONFIG_MTD_CMDLINE_PARTS=y CONFIG_MTD_CHAR=y CONFIG_MTD_BLOCK=y CONFIG_MTD_CFI=y CONFIG_MTD_JEDECPROBE=y CONFIG_MTD_CFI_ADV_OPTIONS=y CONFIG_MTD_CFI_GEOMETRY=y # CONFIG_MTD_MAP_BANK_WIDTH_4 is not set CONFIG_MTD_CFI_INTELEXT=y CONFIG_MTD_CFI_STAA=y CONFIG_MTD_PHYSMAP=y CONFIG_MTD_M25P80=y CONFIG_MTD_UBI=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT=1 # CONFIG_SCSI_PROC_FS is not set CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD=y # CONFIG_SCSI_LOWLEVEL is not set CONFIG_ATA=y CONFIG_SATA_MV=y CONFIG_NETDEVICES=y CONFIG_MV643XX_ETH=y CONFIG_INPUT_POLLDEV=y # CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV is not set CONFIG_INPUT_EVDEV=y # CONFIG_KEYBOARD_ATKBD is not set # CONFIG_MOUSE_PS2 is not set # CONFIG_SERIO is not set CONFIG_LEGACY_PTY_COUNT=16 # CONFIG_DEVKMEM is not set CONFIG_SERIAL_8250=y CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE=y CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_RUNTIME_UARTS=2 CONFIG_SERIAL_OF_PLATFORM=y # CONFIG_HW_RANDOM is not set CONFIG_I2C=y CONFIG_I2C_CHARDEV=y CONFIG_I2C_MV64XXX=y CONFIG_SPI=y CONFIG_SPI_ORION=y # CONFIG_HWMON is not set CONFIG_THERMAL=y CONFIG_DOVE_THERMAL=y CONFIG_USB=y CONFIG_USB_EHCI_HCD=y CONFIG_USB_EHCI_ROOT_HUB_TT=y CONFIG_USB_STORAGE=y CONFIG_MMC=y CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI=y CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI_PLTFM=y CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI_DOVE=y CONFIG_NEW_LEDS=y CONFIG_LEDS_CLASS=y CONFIG_LEDS_GPIO=y CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS=y CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGER_TIMER=y CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGER_HEARTBEAT=y CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGER_DEFAULT_ON=y CONFIG_RTC_CLASS=y CONFIG_RTC_DRV_MV=y CONFIG_DMADEVICES=y CONFIG_MV_XOR=y CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y # CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR is not set CONFIG_EXT4_FS=y CONFIG_ISO9660_FS=y CONFIG_JOLIET=y CONFIG_UDF_FS=m CONFIG_MSDOS_FS=y CONFIG_VFAT_FS=y CONFIG_TMPFS=y CONFIG_JFFS2_FS=y CONFIG_NFS_FS=y CONFIG_ROOT
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Na sua opinião, como é que o problema se pode resolver? Há duas ou três formas de o fazer. No que diz respeito à correção de densidades, recordo que na zona de caça nacional não é feita qualquer ação nesse sentido há cerca de 20 anos, o que cria dificuldades. É necessário também que na zona de caça nacional e onde foram reintroduzidas estas espécies sejam criadas infraestruturas necessárias para a permanência dos animais lá. Estamos a falar de pontos onde se possam alimentar, culturas para que não tenham de se socorrer das zonas agrícolas para se alimentarem. Existe, ainda, um outro projeto que associa também uma componente de investigação e desenvolvimento com a Universidade de Aveiro, que é a criação de um centro de investigação dos ungulados da serra da Lousã, onde se pretende ter um cercado biológico com cerca de 400 hectares, para explorar de outra forma o potencial turístico desta reintrodução, com observação, estudo do desenvolvimento dos animais. Do ponto de vista turístico, qual a importância dos veados para a região? A importância que têm hoje é muito residual. É um produto turístico fortíssimo, mas que precisa de ser estruturado e qualificado. Não temos empresas a fazer observação dos cervídeos em nenhum concelho. O que é feito é de forma casuística e não organizada. É óbvio que existe esse potencial. Os sete municípios envolvidos estão a constituir uma associação de desenvolvimento da serra da Lousã, que procura exatamente criar condições para o aproveitamento do melhor potencial e de recursos endógenos que existem na serra.// !$UTF8$! { archiveVersion = 1; classes = { }; objectVersion = 46; objects = { /* Begin PBXBuildFile section / CE92666319B2A0940051D56D / libglfw3.a in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE92666219B2A0940051D56D / libglfw3.a /; }; CE9C453E0D74C79D00FBB88B / OpenGL.framework in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C453D0D74C79D00FBB88B / OpenGL.framework /; }; CE9C45400D74C7AD00FBB88B / Foundation.framework in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C453F0D74C7AD00FBB88B / Foundation.framework /; }; CE9C45440D74C7B700FBB88B / AppKit.framework in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45430D74C7B700FBB88B / AppKit.framework /; }; CE9C45640D74C88600FBB88B / Player.cpp in Sources / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45620D74C88600FBB88B / Player.cpp /; }; CE9C45670D74C89400FBB88B / Game.cpp in Sources / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45650D74C89400FBB88B / Game.cpp /; }; CE9C45830D74CBD900FBB88B / libIvMath.a in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45520D74C81600FBB88B / libIvMath.a /; }; CE9C45850D74CC0600FBB88B / libIvEngine.a in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45580D74C82D00FBB88B / libIvEngine.a /; }; CE9C45870D74CC0E00FBB88B / libIvUtility.a in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C454C0D74C80100FBB88B / libIvUtility.a /; }; CE9C458B0D74CC1B00FBB88B / libIvGraphics.a in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C455E0D74C84100FBB88B / libIvGraphics.a /; }; CEAB1F4E19B2B65C008870FC / IOKit.framework in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CEAB1F4D19B2B65C008870FC / IOKit.framework /; }; CEAB1F5019B2B6A8008870FC / CoreVideo.framework in Frameworks / = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CEAB1F4F19B2B6A8008870FC / CoreVideo.framework /; }; / End PBXBuildFile section / / Begin PBXContainerItemProxy section / CE9C454B0D74C80100FBB88B / PBXContainerItemProxy / = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45470D74C80100FBB88B / IvUtility.xcodeproj /; proxyType = 2; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07E0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvUtility; }; CE9C45510D74C81600FBB88B / PBXContainerItemProxy / = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C454D0D74C81500FBB88B / IvMath.xcodeproj /; proxyType = 2; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07E0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvMath; }; CE9C45570D74C82D00FBB88B / PBXContainerItemProxy / = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45530D74C82D00FBB88B / IvEngine.xcodeproj /; proxyType = 2; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07E0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvEngine; }; CE9C455D0D74C84100FBB88B / PBXContainerItemProxy / = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45590D74C84100FBB88B / IvGraphics.xcodeproj /; proxyType = 2; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC046055464E500DB518D; remoteInfo = IvGraphics; }; CE9C45730D74CA3300FBB88B / PBXContainerItemProxy / = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45530D74C82D00FBB88B / IvEngine.xcodeproj /; proxyType = 1; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07D0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvEngine; }; CE9C45750D74CA3300FBB88B / PBXContainerItemProxy / = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45470D74C80100FBB88B / IvUtility.xcodeproj /; proxyType = 1; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07D0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvUtility; }; CE9C45770D74CA3300FBB88B / PBXContainerItemProxy / = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C454D0D74C81500FBB88B / IvMath.xcodeproj */; proxyType = 1; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07D0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvMath; }; CE9C457
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3091, 452, 644, 3982, 1561, 253, 1480, 1453, 273, 253, 1302, 407, 690, 2238, 273, 21935, 390, 2074, 769, 762, 6265, 273, 1569, 13, 4588, 390, 25799 ]	mechmate routers. This would be good for everyone, the makers get to show off their accomplishments and others get to see what the machine can do. I realize that there are examples posted in various places already but one central location might be nice? Just a thought. Or also how about an area for users to share cut files and artwork? Domino, I am an engineer and machine builder, not an operator (or sander, finisher, painter, etc.). So my focus in this project is to get good machines built. After that, someone else can run a forum/gallery of stuff that has been made. Sharing files can become a problem when, for example, someone copies a Disney image and puts it up for public sharing...... Gerald, I see your points. I was only thinking of some things that might spark more interest in the mechmate. I know it is always interesting to see the things that can be done on the mechmate. I was impressed with Fabricas dragon that he carved out as well as the desk I believe you and your son built with the textured surfaces. After reading your response I am also sure you dont want extra work to police copyright issues and such as well. Thanks again for all your work on the mechmate.Noticeboard Flu Vaccination Clinics 2017/18If you are eligible to receive a vaccination against influenza you can book your appointment now by calling reception. All eligible patients will have received an invitation letter from the practice. Since 5th September 2016, we now operate a same day telephone-led consultation system - click here for further details Leaflets explaining the new system are also available in reception for you to take home. Self Help We are keen to help patients improve on self help and hope that the following information will offer some insight into that. Take a look and see if you can improve your own understanding of your health and well-being! Please encourage others to look here too. Here is a list of ailments that can be safely self managed. You will see that you can take a look via the hyperlink at the other websites which can offer you further information about managing your condition.Name: Park City Personal Training. Descripton:I am a Personal Fitness Trainer and Doctor of Nutrition with over 15 year's experience helping individuals get healthy, lose weight, get in shape and feel amazing. I work clients of all ages on a one-on-one basis, in small group sessions, or counsel large corporations.Almost Sherlock BBC and Benedict's info, also occasionally Martin Freeman info only. / I'm CumberCollective (addicted to BenedictCumberbatch) My twitter : https://twitter.com/anyo_haseyo 401 S.W.2d 118 (1966) Jack HENRY, Appellant, v. Clyde RENO et al., Appellees. No. 4032. Court of Civil Appeals of Texas, Eastland. March 18, 1966. Rehearing Denied April 8, 1966. Mike R. Mason, Odessa, for appellant. G. Bert Smith, Jr., Andrews, for appellees. GRISSOM, Chief Justice. Jack Henry sued Clyde Reno and Max E. Ramsey in Mitchell County. Reno is a nonresident of Texas. He was served with citation in Arkansas in accord with the provisions of Texas R.C.P. 108. Henry sought to recover $11,500.00 by virtue of his contract to sell Reno a one-half interest in a fishing camp in Mitchell County for $11,500.00 in cash. Henry alleged that said contract provided that Reno should pay him $11,500.00 in cash within ten days after termination of his suit against Union Oil Company and that Reno had executed a written assignment to him of $11,500.00 out of his said cause of action. Henry alleged that Reno had settled with Union and that 119 $11,500.00 had been placed in escrow with Reno's lawyer, Ramsey, who was holding it pending consummation of the contract sued on. Henry alleged that when he learned of Reno's settlement and of the placing of $11,500.00 in escrow with Ramsey he executed a bill of sale and an assignment of a one-half interest in said fishing camp and tendered them to Reno in accord with said contract, but Reno had refused to pay him said sum. Henry alleged that $11,500.00 was being held by Ramsey in Andrews County and that Ramsey should be ordered to pay it to him upon delivery of said bill of sale and assignment, which he tendered into court. He also sought interest and attorneys' fees. Reno filed a plea to the jurisdiction. The court sustained it and dismissed Henry's cause of action against Reno. Ramsey filed a plea of privilege to be sued in Andrews County, where he resides. Upon a hearing, Ramsey's plea was sustained and the case against him was transferred to Andrews County. Henry has appealed. Appellant contends, first, that the court erred in sustaining Reno's plea to the jurisdiction and in dismissing the case against Reno because Henry's cause of action was in rem and that a citation in accord with Texas R.C.P. 108 was served on Reno and brought him within the court's jurisdiction so that judgment could be rendered against him to the extent of the $11,500.00 held by Ramsey. Appellant also says the court erred in sustaining Ramsey's plea of privilege because his cause of action was maintainable in Mitchell County against Reno under exception 5, Article 1995, Vernon's Ann.Civ.St., because said written contract provided that it should be performed in Mitchell County and the case against Ramsey was maintainable there under exception 29, because Ramsey was a necessary party to his suit against Reno. Appellant says that Article 1975 provides that a person claiming a right to or interest in property in Texas may maintain such an action as this against a nonresident who claims an adverse interest therein for the purpose of determining such interest and adjudicating the title thereto, and that Texas R.C.P. 810 provides that such a proceeding shall be had as may be necessary to fully settle and determine the right to or title in such property and to decree same to the party entitled thereto and, therefore, the court should have rendered such a judgment; that Article 1976 provides that a suit authorized by Article 1975 may be maintained by any person, regardless of whether he is in actual possession of such property, and that service on such a defendant may be had under Rule 108. Henry contends that said statutes and rules authorize him to maintain the suit to determine his interest in and title to said fund of $11,500.00. As authority therefor, appellant relies principally upon Mutual Home Ass'n v. Zwatchka, Tex.Civ. App., 297 S.W. 317. He says that under its holding the court acquired jurisdiction to render a judgment in rem subjecting said $11,500.00 to payment of his debt under the contract. Appellee contends, and we think correctly, that appellant's suit is to enforce a contract expressly performable in Mitchell County; that appellant's asserted cause of action is in personam and that citation under Rule 108 did not bring Reno before the court so that a personal judgment could be rendered against him. Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U.S. 714, 24 L.Ed. 565. The contract sued upon does specify the amount and when Reno shall pay $11,500.00 to Henry but it does not provide from what fund or source it shall be paid, merely that ten days after termination of the case Reno shall pay Henry $11,500.00 in cash. The contract sued on does not require payment of the proceeds of the lawsuit to Henry. It provides that Reno shall pay $11,500.00 within ten days after settlement of the lawsuit but it did not specify that it shall be paid out of the money he obtains therefrom. We conclude that Reno's obligation under the contract sued upon was personal and that no specific res was brought within the jurisdiction of the court. Ramsey does not hold the $11,500.00 in escrow pursuant to 120 the contract to sell realty in Mitchell County. He holds said $11,500.00 by virtue of an assignment of that amount from Reno's prospective recovery in a damage suit then pending in Gaines County. The funds were held in Andrews county. There was no specific fund or res before the court in Mitchell County because the funds held by Ramsey were held by virtue of such assignment of an interest in said lawsuit and there was no certain fund or res required to be delivered to Henry under the contract. It provided merely for payment of $11,500.00 in cash, not for payment from any particular fund, source or thing. Judgment against Reno enforcing said contract would have been personal in nature. No specific property of Reno was brought under the jurisdiction of the court to satisfy his obligations under this contract. The contract sued upon does not provide for payment of this $11,500.00 from the fund held by Ramsey or even from the proceeds of the lawsuit. The applicable general rule is stated in 50 C.J.S. Judgments § 908, at page 548, as follows: "In general, jurisdiction to render a judgment in rem rests upon the seizure or attachment of the property affected or the court's dominion or authority over the status in controversy. It is essential that the res be within the jurisdiction of the court at the time of the commencement of the action, that some process of the court shall have been served on it; and that it shall have been brought within the direct control of the court by some kind of seizure or similar act under authority of law, actual or constructive
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15, 1730, 870, 24548, 31, 187, 50274, 29, 24203, 31, 1730, 14, 5598, 870, 24203, 31, 187, 50274 ]	Wreath, –125 Three-Fern Kokedama, –217 Tillandsia Nest, –119 Tillandsia Wall Hanging, –137 Wardian Case Terrarium, –245 Water Sculpture Garden, –221 Willow Spheres, –131 propagation, . _See also individual project instructions_ _Punica granatum_ , purple passion plant, Queen Anne's lace, rabbit's foot fern, , , , red-veined prayer plant, redwood as rot-resistant, repotting, , restrepia, _Rhipsalis_ / rhipsalis growing and maintaining, in indoor shade, mounting, , –145 as optional plant choice in projects, , , , plant description, , –140 use in projects, –145 rick-rack cactus, , rock cap moss, , rocks and stones basalt, for bracing, , in design composition, , , , , flagstone planter, –199 as foraged elements, Japanese river rocks, lava rocks, –151, –175 resources for purchasing, , root systems, shallow, , , , rope hoya, rose campion, rose hips, , rosemary sprigs, roses, safety equipment dust mask, , face mask, glasses, , , protective clothing, protective gloves, , , , , , , –181, , , _Sageretia theezans_ , saikei, , _Saintpaulia_ , sand, , _Sansevieria_ , _Sansevieria cylindrica_ , satin pothos, , , _Saxifraga stolonifera_ , , schefflera, _Schefflera actinophylla_ (syn. _Brassaia actinophylla_ ), _Schefflera arboricola_ (syn. _Brassaia arboricola_ ), _Schlumbergera_ , _Scindapsus pictus_ 'Argyraeus', sculptural projects, –131, –145, –221 _Sedum morganianum_ , , seed heads, seed pods, _Selaginella_ / selaginella, , , _Selenicereus anthonyanus_ , sempervivums, senecio, , , , _Senecio radicans_ , , , _Senecio rowleyanus_ , , shadow box, –235 sheet moss, , , , , –143, , –188, –215, –240 silver vase, skin irritants _Euphorbia decaryi_ , orchids, snake plant, soil and soil mixtures, soilless plants. _See_ epiphytes Spanish moss, sphagnum moss, –65, , , –156, –161, –203 spider plant, spike moss, spinach leaves, , –102 staghorn fern, , , –67 stones and rocks. _See_ rocks and stones strawberry begonia, , , string gardens, , –137, –205, –217 string of bananas, string of hearts, , string of pearls, , stump garden, –163 succulents as houseplants, , , , , humidity and, in miniature desert landscapes, –199, –211 for open terrariums, shallow root structures, , , use in projects, –81, –111, –199, –205, –211 _See also_ cacti sweet heartleaf fern, sweet peas, sword fern, tannins in driftwood, temperature indicators of problems with, for indoor houseplants, –21 measuring, temperature requirements for specific plants. _See plant chart_ , –37; _individual project instructions_ terra-cotta pots, , , terrariums choosing plants for, light requirements, , maintaining, –244 use in project, –245 textural elements cacti, ferns and moss, lava rock, mounted plants as adding, on pinch pots, , thistle, _Tillandsia_ / tillandsia (air plants) description, , as substitute for succulents, use in projects, –119, –137 tools. _See individual project lists_ top dressings and watering frequency, _Tradescantia albiflora_ , tray landscapes, , , –175, –211, –229 tree dwelling plants. _See_ epiphytes trichosalpinx, umbrella plant, urn plant, Van der Valk, Fedor, vanilla and vanilla beans, , vanilla orchid, , , variegated string of pearls, vegetables for emulsions, velvet plant, vertical garden, –89 _Vesicularia dubyana_ , Victorian age, vine planter, –53 vines orchid, in string garden, for tillandsia nests, , _See also_ s _pecific names of vines_ violets, wall displays, wandering Jew, Ward, Nathaniel, water gardens, –169, –221 watering in containers without drainage holes, , evaporating chlorine, , , indicators of problems, , methods and frequency, –22 overwatering cautions, , similar requirements for plant groupings, by submersion, tap water and rainwater, –22 tips, –22 watering requirements for specific plants. _See plant chart_ , –37; _individual project instructions_ wax plant, weeping fig, , willow crafting, –131 window exposures east, light levels and, moving plants away from, , , , near terrariums, north, south, , , , , southwest / southeast, sunny and bright, , west, , wire vine, wood found, , , logs, rot-resistant, , wreath frames, wreaths, –125, –191 yarrow, _Yucca brevifolia_ , _Zelkova serrata_ , zigzag cactus, , –157 zinnias, # ABOUT THE AUTHOR For the past ten years Caitlin Atkinson has worked as a freelance photographer and stylist with gardens, interiors, and still life. Prior to that she worked in floral design and at Flora Grubb Gardens as interior merchandiser, where she acquired a vast knowledge of gardening indoors and houseplant care, and honed her skills in display making. Drawing inspiration from gardens, parks, nature, history, and art, Caitlin has been styling interior spaces with garden-inspired projects for years. See more of her work at www.caitlinatkinson.net. Copyright © 2016 by Caitlin Atkinson. All rights reserved. All photographs by the author. Published in 2016 by Timber Press, Inc. The Haseltine Building 133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450 Portland, Oregon 97204-3527 timberpress.com Cover design by Skye McNeill Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. eISBN: 978-1-60469-774-2 A catalog record for this book is also available from the British Library. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.sonatype.oss</groupId> <artifactId>oss-parent</artifactId>
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2144, 403, 17886, 407, 776, 4974, 24386, 14297, 285, 407, 9451, 1569, 15, 1198, 1327, 14, 21941, 897, 390, 281, 1340, 2709, 10125, 13, 4496, 3057, 23549, 8302, 2719, 83, 23578 ]	so long as they are not wholly unrelated to the transactions or facts considered or testified to at the preliminary."). ¶ 6. As relevant to this case, WIS. STAT. § 971.01(1) (1997-98)[4] provides, "The district attorney shall examine all facts and circumstances connected with any preliminary examination touching the commission of any crime if the defendant has been bound over for trial and ... shall file an information according to the evidence on such examination...." WISCONSIN STAT. § 971.29(1) provides, "A complaint or information may be amended at any time prior to arraignment without leave of the court." The supreme court has explained that § 971.29(1) "should be read to permit amendment of the information before trial and within a reasonable time after arraignment, with leave of the court, provided the defendant's rights are not prejudiced, including the right to notice, speedy trial 266 and the opportunity to defend." Whitaker v. State, 83 Wis. 2d 368, 374, 265 N.W.2d 575 (1978).[5] [1] ¶ 7. "[O]ur review of the charges in an information is limited to the narrow question of `whether the district attorney abused his [or her] discretion in issuing a charge not within the confines of and "wholly unrelated" to the testimony received at the preliminary examination.'" State v. Kittilstad, 231 Wis. 2d 245, 255, 603 N.W.2d 732 (1999). Whether a challenged count is "wholly unrelated" is subject to our de novo review. See State v. Richer, 174 Wis. 2d 231, 238-39, 496 N.W.2d 66 (1993). We conclude that the count alleging the sexual assault of Aaron is not "wholly unrelated" to the testimony, received at the preliminary examination, which alleged the sexual assault of Alicia. [2] ¶ 8. In State v. Burke, 153 Wis. 2d 445, 451 N.W.2d 739 (1990), the supreme court declared: "[A] prosecutor may bring additional charges in the information so long as the charges are not wholly unrelated to the transactions or facts considered or testified to at the preliminary examination, irrespective of whether direct evidence concerning the charges had been produced at the preliminary examination." Id. at 457 (emphasis added). In Richer, the supreme court elaborated that, in order to clear the "wholly unrelated" hurdle, "counts contained in the information must flow 267 from the same transaction for which evidence has been introduced at the preliminary hearing." Richer, 174 Wis. 2d at 247 (emphasis added). Clearly, in this case, the count involving Aaron flowed from the same transaction for which evidence was introduced at the preliminary hearing regarding the assault of Alicia. ¶ 9. The parties acknowledge that no Wisconsin appellate decision has directly addressed whether, in a sexual assault case, counts are "wholly unrelated" simply because the victims are different. The State argues, however, that "there is no logical reason why a prosecutor should be precluded from adding to an information counts which affect two or more victims but which are otherwise part of the same criminal transaction or `common nucleus of facts.'" Further, noting that in this case the criminal complaint, preliminary hearing testimony, and trial testimony all described facts and circumstances surrounding the assault of Aaron as well as that of Alicia, the State contends that the counts are related because they "occurred during the same general time frame, and at the same geographic location," and they "shared an identical motive and criminal intent." Finally, the State submits that "[a]lthough the victims of each crime were different, they were also tied together both as siblings and by being the object of their grandfather's attempt for sexual gratification." ¶ 10. The State is correct. The supreme court has clarified that for a charge to not be "wholly unrelated to the transactions or facts considered or testified to" at a preliminary hearing, it "must be `related in terms of parties involved, witnesses involved, geographical proximity, time, physical evidence, motive and intent.'" Burke, 153 Wis. 2d at 457. All seven factors need not be satisfied; instead, they "form a general *268 framework for determining whether counts can be added to the information and yet meet the goals of the preliminary hearing." Richer, 174 Wis. 2d at 239-40. The second count in the instant case, however, satisfied all seven criteria. [3] ¶ 11. Except for the difference between the victims, the counts were closely related in every way. The parties involved were related, literally and legally. That is, Alicia and Aaron were related to each other and to their step-grandfather; and their assaults were related to each other, occurring at approximately the same time and location, and under the same circumstances. Further, the witnesses and physical evidence were the same, and Bury's motive and intent for both assaults were indistinguishable. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court was correct in denying Bury's motion to dismiss the second count of the amended information.[6] By the Court.Judgment affirmed. NOTES [] Petition to review denied. [2] The complaint alleged that the crime occurred on or about February 6 or 7, 1999. Testimony at the preliminary hearing placed the date about one week earlier. Based on that testimony, Judicial Court Commissioner Anthony J. Machi, who presided over the preliminary hearing, granted the State's motion to amend the criminal complaint to charge one count of first-degree sexual assault of a child on or about February 1, 1999. [3] Because the amended information alleged that the crimes occurred on or about February 6 or 7, 1999, the motion also requested "an order clarifying the date of the alleged offense in count one of the amended information on the grounds that the date set forth is different than the date testified to during the preliminary hearing." At the May 13, 1999 motion hearing, the prosecutor moved to amend the amended information to allege that the crimes occurred on or about February 1, 1999. While never formally ruling on that motion, the court, after hearing statements from the defense and the prosecutor regarding the amended information and the complaint, commented that it did not "have a problem with the date portion." [4] All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 1997-98 version unless otherwise noted. [5] In the trial court, Bury argued that the second count denied him due process because it did not allow him "the right to have a preliminary hearing [on that count] and challenge that transaction." He did not contend, however, that the addition of the second count denied him notice, speedy trial, or the opportunity to defend. [6] Bury also argues for a new trial on count one. He contends that evidence of the assault of Aaron was the only corroboration of his confession to the assault of Alicia and, therefore, because no evidence regarding Aaron should have been admitted, he was entitled to a directed verdict on count one. His argument, however, is premised on his contention that the charge involving Aaron should not have been allowed; he does not challenge his conviction on count one on any other basis. Thus, having rejected his argument regarding count two, we need not further address his additional challenge to the conviction on count one. The Number That Matters At Nokia: Watch The Cash Jan 10, 2013 11:19 am ET Bloomberg By Sven Grundberg Nokia pre-empted earnings with a rosy portrait of smartphone demand and other parts of its business, but there is still reason to tune in when the company issues its fourth quarter results on January 24. Among the most critical issues for Nokia, not mentioned in Thursday’s news release, is the company’s financial position. Nokia’s pile of cash has been shrinking ever since its Canadian-born Chief Executive Stephen Elop announced his bold move to adopt Microsoft’s untested operating system for future devices. The shrinking cash pile has caused serious concern about the company’s long term prospects. By the end of September last year, Nokia’s net cash position reached €3.6 billion, down from €4.2 billion at the end of June, and down from €7 billion when Mr. Elop became the company’s chief executive in late 2010. The company’s costly strategy overhaul has led to a series of credit downgrades from the three major credit-rating firms, all of whom have cut Nokia’s debt rating to junk. Scrambling to raise cash and cut costs amid deepening losses, Nokia recently raised €170 million by selling its suburban-Helsinki headquarter building to Finnish property investor Exilion Capital Oy and agreeing to lease it back on a long-term basis. The deal, which Nokia first said it was pursuing in October, followed an earlier move to raise €750 million in a bond offering. The company has also been selling patents and divesting itself of parts of its business, including an optical-network unit sold last month by its Nokia Siemens Networks arm, as well as the Vertu luxury phone unit, bought by a Swedish private equity firm for an undisclosed sum last year. So even if Nokia seems to be on track to halt its declining smartphone sales, the road ahead is long, steep and slippery. Therefore cash is likely to be the key topic as Nokia discloses the whole enchilada in two weeks time. This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. Distribution and use of this material are governed by our Subscriber Agreement and by copyright law. For non-personal use or to order multiple copies, please contact Dow Jones Reprints
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6431, 310, 326, 253 ]	of danger and insecurity. Nowadays, though the feeling of danger still persists, and natives never feel safe and comfortable in a strange district, this danger is rather felt as a magical one, and it is more the fear of foreign sorcery that besets them. In olden days, more tangible dangers were apprehended, and the partner was the main guarantee of safety. He also provides with food, gives presents, and his house, though never used to sleep in, is the place in which to foregather while in the village. Thus the Kula partnership provides every man within its ring with a few friends near at hand, and with some friendly allies in the far-away, dangerous, foreign districts. These are the only people with whom he can _kula_ , but, of course, amongst all his partners, he is free to choose to which one he will offer which object. Let us now try to cast a broad glance at the cumulative effects of the rules of partnership. We see that all around the ring of Kula there is a network of relationships, and that naturally the whole forms one interwoven fabric. Men living at hundreds of miles' sailing distance from one another are bound together by direct or intermediate partnership, exchange with each other, know of each other, and on certain occasions meet in a large inter-tribal gathering (Plate XX). Objects given by one, in time reach some very distant indirect partner or other, and not only Kula objects, but various articles of domestic use and minor gifts. It is easy to see that in the long run, not only objects of material culture, but also customs, songs, art motives and general cultural influences travel along the Kula route. It is a vast, inter-tribal net of relationships, a big institution, consisting of thousands of men, all bound together by one common passion for Kula exchange, and secondarily, by many minor ties and interests. _Plate XX_ A Kula Gathering on the Beach of Sinaketa Along about half a mile's length of shore, over eighty canoes are beached or moored, and in the village, on the beach, and in the surrounding country there are assembled some two thousand natives from several districts, ranging from Kitava to Dobu. This illustrates the manner in which the Kula brings together large numbers of people belonging to different cultures; in this case, that of Kitava, Boyowa, the Amphletts and Dobu. (See p. 100, and Ch. XVI, Div. II.) Returning again to the personal aspect of the Kula, let us take a concrete example, that of _an average man_ who lives, let us assume, in the village of Sinaketa, an important Kula centre in the Southern Trobriands. He has a few partners, near and far, but they again fall into categories, those who give him arm shells, and those who give him necklaces. For it is naturally an invariable rule of the Kula that arm shells and necklaces are never received from the same man, since they must travel in different directions. If one partner gives the arm shells, and I return to him a necklace, all future operations have to be of the same type. More than that, the nature of the operation between me, the man of Sinaketa, and my partner, is determined by our relative positions with regard to the points of the compass. Thus I, in Sinaketa, would receive from the North and East only arm shells; from the South and West, necklaces are given to me. If I have a near partner next door to me, if his abode is North or East of mine, he will always be giving me arm shells and receiving necklaces from me. If, at a later time he were to shift his residence within the village, the old relationship would obtain, but if he became a member of another village community on the other side of me the relationship would be reversed. The partners in villages to the North of Sinaketa, in the district of Luba, Kulumata, or Kiriwina all supply me with armshells. These I hand over to my partners in the South, and receive from them necklaces. The South in this case means the Southern districts of Boyowa, as well as the Amphletts and Dobu. Thus every man has to obey definite rules as to the geographical direction of his transactions. At any point in the Kula ring, if we imagine him turned towards the centre of the circle, he receives the armshells with his left hand, and the necklaces with his right, and then hands them both on. In other words, he constantly passes the armshells from left to right, and the necklaces from right to left. Applying this rule of personal conduct to the whole Kula ring, we can see at once what the aggregate result is. The sum total of exchanges will not result in an aimless shifting of the two classes of article, in a fortuitous come and go of the armshells and necklaces. Two continuous streams will constantly flow on, the one of necklaces following the hands of a clock, and the other, composed of the armshells, in the opposite direction. We see thus that it is quite correct to speak of the _circular_ exchange of the Kula, of a ring or circuit of moving articles (comp. Map V). On this ring, all the villages are placed in a definitely fixed position with regard to one another, so that one is always on either the armshell or on the necklace side of the other. Now we pass to another rule of the Kula, of the greatest importance. As just explained "the armshells and shell-strings always travel in their own respective directions on the ring, and they are never, under any circumstances, traded back in the wrong direction. Also, they never stop. It seems almost incredible at first, but it is the fact, nevertheless, that no one ever keeps any of the Kula valuables for any length of time. Indeed, in the whole of the Trobriands there are perhaps only one or two specially fine armshells and shell-necklaces permanently owned as heirlooms, and these are set apart as a special class, and are once and for all out of the Kula. 'Ownership' therefore, in Kula, is quite a special economic relation. A man who is in the Kula never keeps any article for longer than, say, a year or two. Even this exposes him to the reproach of being niggardly, and certain districts have the bad reputation of being 'slow' and 'hard' in the Kula. On the other hand, each man has an enormous number of articles passing through his hands during his life time, of which he enjoys a temporary possession, and which he keeps in trust for a time. This possession hardly ever makes him use the articles, and he remains under the obligation soon again to hand them on to one of his partners. But the temporary ownership allows him to draw a great deal of renown, to exhibit his article, to tell how he obtained it, and to plan to whom he is going to give it. And all this forms one of the favourite subjects of tribal conversation and gossip, in which the feats and the glory in Kula of chiefs or commoners are constantly discussed and re-discussed."3 Thus every article moves in one direction only, never comes back, never permanently stops, and takes as a rule some two to ten years to make the round. This feature of the Kula is perhaps its most remarkable one, since it creates a new type of ownership, and places the two Kula articles in a class of their own. Here we can return to the comparison drawn between the _vaygu'a_ (Kiriwinian valuables) and the European heirlooms. This comparison broke down on one point: in the European objects of this class, permanent ownership, lasting association with the hereditary dignity or rank or with a family, is one of its main features. In this the Kula articles differ from heirlooms, but resemble another type of valued object, that is, trophies, gauges of superiority, sporting cups, objects which are kept for a time only by the winning party, whether a group or an individual. Though held only in trust, only for a period, though never used in any utilitarian way, yet the holders get from them a special type of pleasure by the mere fact of owning them, of being entitled to them. Here again, it is not only a superficial, external resemblance, but very much the same mental attitude, favoured by similar social arrangements. The resemblance goes so far that in the Kula there exists also the element of pride in merit, an element which forms the main ingredient in the pleasure felt by a man or group holding a trophy. Success in Kula is ascribed to special, personal power, due mainly to magic, and men are very proud of it. Again, the whole community glories in a specially fine Kula trophy, obtained by one of its members. All the rules so far enumerated—looking at them from the individual point of view—limit the social range and the direction of the transactions as well as the duration of ownership of the articles. Looking at them from the point of view of their integral effect, they shape the general outline of the Kula, give it the character of the double-closed circuit. Now a few words must be said about the nature of each individual transaction, in so far as its _commercial technicalities_ are concerned. Here very definite rules also obtain. V The main principle underlying the regulations of actual exchange is that the
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1160, 598, 323, 752, 37641, 4571, 457, 85, 513, 15, 1244, 326, 457, 84, 644, 247, 1895, 512, 807, 323, 253, 4410, 27705, 1425, 187, 187, 33319, 2191 ]	Bradley has hit only .196 with a .548 OPS. Both numbers rank in the bottom three in baseball. The struggles took a mental toll and led to reports that Bradley stubbornly resisted the advice of his coaches. Rodriguez views it a little differently. “I’ve been with him for a while,” he said. “I saw him in the minor leagues. You want him to do what he’s capable of doing. The last two years, he really didn’t show that, or at least what he showed me in the minor leagues. “What’s more, he believes in himself so much that he trusted what he was doing and really didn’t want to go out and try something different. A lot of times we gave him opinions and he probably thought that his way was going to be better. It’s tough, because he believes in himself so much, and he wanted to go his way. “I believe that was a learning year for him. All that is behind him. He really wants to do things the right way. I’m very positive that this guy’s going in the right direction.” The fruit of Bradley’s labors will be apparent this spring. If he hits, he’ll force himself back onto the big league radar, even in a crowded outfield. If he doesn’t, we might never see him in a Red Sox uniform again. All Rodriguez knows is that he’s not closing to giving up on Bradley, as he made clear when asked what kind of player Bradley can be if he figures things out at the plate. “Oh my dear Lord,” Rodriguez said. “Something good. I know his name is not mentioned too much. But the defensive ability this guy has, if he’s able to bring that offensive part of the game on a consistent basis, I think we’ve got something good, something really good. “And for me, it’s not a bad thing that Jackie Bradley will come out and show people the kind of player he is. It’s going to benefit the team.” PHOENIX — With the Red Sox‘ surplus of outfielders, much of the conversation regarding the Red Sox and potential trades will involve any and all players manning that position for John Farrell‘s club. Included in that mix is Jackie Bradley. When asked if teams are viewing Bradley as an everyday center fielder, Red Sox general manager Ben Cherington said, “I do think there are some teams that think of him in that way, as they should. And we think of him in that way. You don’t know on what date it will all happen. But we certainly think of him as an everyday caliber center fielder.” The question revolving around Bradley, of course, is his ability to hit. The outfielder barely avoided possessing the worst batting average of any player with at least 384 at-bats, hitting .198. But then there’s that defense, which allowed for the rookie to finish among the finalists for an American League Gold Glove. “Teams have come a long way, the industry has come a long way on separating out the myth from the facts — this is what we know, this is what we can predict, this is what we can’t predict,” said Cherington of measuring defense. “There’s probably more volatility in the defensive projections than there are in other areas because so much of it is environmental and contextual. There’s more noise in the data. You look at longer sample sizes with defense to try to get as long a sample as possible when you’re evaluation as opposed to offense, where you may be able to look at smaller. It’s not precise, but I think teams are a lot further ahead than they were 10 years ago.” — Cherington said no definitive decision had been made on whether Rusney Castillo would be playing in the Puerto Rico Winter League (as planned). The GM did note, however, that Castillo’s bruised hand was no longer a concern. “He got seen yesterday in Boston. He’s fine, coming along, basically passed everything,” Cherington said. “We’re going to make a determination in the next several days as to whether to continue the offseason get him back to Puerto Rico at some point. He would need a period of ramp up now, but the injury essentially is healed.” Castillo, who signed a contract in August that runs through 2020 for $72.5 million, hit .278 with a .333 OBP and .361 slugging mark with three doubles, three walks and six strikeouts in 39 plate appearances for the Surprise Saguaros in the Arizona Fall League. He was originally scheduled to start playing for former Red Sox’ infielder Alex Cora‘s team in Puerto Rico on Nov. 7. Three members of the Red Sox were named finalists for the 2014 Rawlings Gold Glove Award, which recognizes one player from each league at each position. Three-time winner Dustin Pedroia was named a finalist along with Robinson Cano of the Mariners and Ian Kinsler of the Tigers. Jackie Bradley Jr. was named a finalist in center field along with Adam Jones of the Orioles and Adam Eaton of the White Sox. And Yoenis Cespedes, acquired in midseason from the A’s, is a finalist in left field, along with Michael Brantley of the Indians and reigning winner Alex Gordon of the Royals. Fangraphs had Pedroia as the major league leader by a considerable margin in UZR. John Dewan’s Plus/Minus system had Pedroia as second to Kinsler in both runs saved and defensive plays made above average. Fangraphs had Bradley leading the American League, also by a significant margin, in UZR, while Dewan’s system had Bradley behind only Leonys Martin of the Rangers in runs saved (14), but placed him behind Lorenzo Cain and Jarrod Dyson of the Royals as well as Eaton in plus/minus. Though Fangraphs had Cespedes being below average in range, his howitzer of an arm permitted him to rank second in the AL (behind only Gordon) in UZR, according to Fangraphs. Dewan’s runs saved system likewise pegged Cespedes as the second most impactful left fielder in the AL with 12 runs saved, behind only Gordon’s 27. Arguably short-changed as a nominee for the second straight year: Mike Napoli, who according to Dewan, ranked third in the AL to a pair of Orioles (Steven Pearce and Chris Davis) in first base runs saved and led the AL with 10 plays above average. Fangraphs pegged Napoli as having the third best UZR (behind Albert Pujols and Mark Teixeira) in American League UZR. ESPN’s Buster Olney made his weekly appearance on Middays with MFB on Wednesday to discuss the Red Sox‘ prospects for next season and other baseball news. To hear the interview, go to the MFB audio on demand page. David Ortiz recently talked to WEEI.com’s Rob Bradford about how he feels he proved his worth this season after being disrespected last offseason. Olney said he understands Ortiz’s feelings, but he also appreciates that the Red Sox can’t go overboard to keep the aging slugger happy, despite his solid production. “He was tremendous. He certainly I think added to numbers that are already Hall of Fame-worthy,” Olney said. “But in some respects it’s got to be a little scary for the Red Sox, because I kept on hearing from people with other teams, they’re like, ‘You know, David Ortiz is great, but when you’re in a position where the Red Sox are and you have a player in his late 30s who’s your best offensive players, that’s a little scary. And you don’t want to be out on that ledge. The fact that they were so reliant on him this year, where it felt like if Ortiz didn’t hit they really didn’t have much around him, it probably is an impetus for the Red Sox to go out and make some improvements. He was great, there’s no question about it. “And I know that part of [his attitude] is related to David’s feeling about the contract and was it handled right. The bottom line is, is that where we are in 2014 is that designated hitters, like closers, do not get huge dollars. That’s part of the reason why — and age has a lot to do with it — why the Red Sox are never going to go way out on a long-term contract on a player in that position.” Asked what was the key to the Sox’ struggles this season, Olney said: “Offense. Taking a big step back. AJ. Pierzynski was supposed to be more than what he was, it just didn’t work out. They clearly didn’t get as much out of [Xander] Bogaerts than they thought they would. Jackie Bradley Jr. wasn’t close to being what they thought he would. And I know Jacoby Ellsbury hasn’t had a huge season with the Yankees, but he’s a much better offensive players than Jackie Bradley Jr. was, and they never made up for what Jackie couldn’t do. And that’s been a problem all year for the Red Sox.” Olney
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831, 7741, 310, 247, 5019, 273, 2067, 3510, 1690, 27, 7733, 13, 18847, 17724, 13, 16103, 15, 187, 187, 47801, 275, 271, 9943, 9313, 38250, 13, 11116, 13, 38048, 13, 285, 596, 7937, 253, 15688, 13, 665, 403, 1335, 253, 1979, 273, 22392, 13, 1364, 47620, 11537, 42850, 18503, 28868, 868, 13, 246, 5746, 37961, 13, 15447, 14, 70, 839, 6244, 13, 285, 247, 3167, 273, 643, 14207, 347, 597, 1056, 616, 1039, 2584, 253, 7773, 835, 23894, 1219, 588, 2525, 731, 14277, 5581, 187, 187, 3122, 187, 475, 831, 1873, 310, 629, 273, 14741, 9404, 22360, 254, 15, 187, 475, 187, 475, 313, 68, 10, 17287, 1914, 12152, 2083, 1321, 654, 29857, 1914, 33, 14774, 37852, 15, 681, 31, 187, 475, 50273, 37, 26548, 91, 416, 27198, 20729, 9327, 654, 69, 26548, 91, 15, 4638, 26630, 33, 23655, 15, 681, 31, 187, 475, 187, 475, 831, 2603, 1873, 310, 2256, 281, 253, 20695, 7981, 326, 310, 47405, 187, 475, 342, 436, 2603, 2127, 275, 253, 1873, 21826, 15, 187, 1738, 187, 187, 12361, 1777, 81, 6072, 27281, 254, 61, 26943, 61, 27281, 254, 61, 36, 2355, 28, 187, 187, 2327, 1777, 81, 6072, 27281, 254, 61, 26943, 61, 5089, 61, 17441, 27281, 254, 40595, 28, 187, 187, 6930, 187, 475, 1214, 7582, 11122, 34214, 360, 187, 475, 187, 475, 1214, 11577, 187, 475, 187, 475, 1214, 1940, 735, 393, 2641, 81, 6072, 27281, 254, 61, 27281, 254, 61, 36, 2355, 61, 21408, 11594, 2548, 36914, 36, 2355, 27281, 254, 187, 1738, 187, 13017, 966, 18199, 11594, 2548, 36914, 36, 2355, 27281, 254, 5089, 8725, 27426, 27281, 254, 40595, 187, 92, 187, 50274, 6930, 187, 50273, 11, 1214, 3575, 2876, 50272, 5, 9127, 187, 50273, 11, 1214, 3575, 3635, 93, 2703, 370, 5423, 187, 50273, 11, 187, 50273, 11, 1214, 2203, 14725, 2085, 27281, 36, 1169, 187, 50273, 8480, 187, 50274, 4387, 1159, 1071, 27281, 3914, 9127, 13, 370, 5423, 426, 3635, 10, 187, 50274, 92, 187, 50270, 5, 2520, 1168, 3088, 5089, 3914, 9127, 13, 370, 5423, 558, 187, 50274, 94, 535, 50274, 4387, 1159, 2085, 27281, 36, 1169, 1082, 187, 50274, 92, 187, 50270, 2309, 544, 187, 50266, 60, 187, 50262, 8, 14277, 5581, 187, 2437, 31814, 187, 92, 187, 50274, 9486, 1159, 4033, 9, 3728, 370, 2009, 10, 551, 187, 50270, 2309, 3221, 28, 187, 50274, 94, 187, 94, 187, 1383, 187, 50262, 8, 14277, 5581, 187, 2437, 31814, 187, 92, 187, 50274, 9486, 1159, 4033, 9, 37983, 370, 2009, 10, 551, 187, 50270, 2309, 3221, 28, 187, 50274, 94, 187 ]	they flat or sloping. These and other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter. The invention accordingly comprises the product possessing the features, properties and the relation of components which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.>> The Most Haunted Online Poker Rooms ♠ Online Poker Rooms and True Hauntings ♠ Welcome to Haunted Poker, a site filled to the brim with ghoulish delights for the enchanted poker player. Sure, we'll share our countless hours of poker-playing prowess through our original online poker room reviews. These will indulge you with honest and meticulously dissected reviews on multiplayer poker sites across the 'net. And, of course, we'll help you build an eerily sophisticated game through our originalpoker strategy articles. We cover everything from Texas Hold'em tournaments to beating the fish at the spookily wild online poker tables. However, what really sets our site apart is the ghostly collection of true hauntings - casino style. Everyone likes a good spook, but these aren't your everyday campfire tales. These are the real haunted houses. These are real hauntings from actual casinos, poker rooms, and gambling halls all over the world. We invite you to wander through the depths of our domain... literally... and experience the most chilling online poker sites, online casinos, and true hauntings this side of Transylvania. Please keep in mind that we only offer you original content that is exclusive to our site. We feel that you deserve nothing less. So, with our blessing, please enjoy what we have to offer. Don't let the cobwebs on the chips frighten you - we're just waiting for pocket Aces. "My name is Baron Stakes and I'd like to give you a brief tour of our domain. I know, handsome poker-playing vampires are hard to come by but would did you expect did you expect with a name like Stakes?" Of course there's nothing like a little global gossip to stir the veins. Our news section is updated at least 3 times every week with stories from around the poker world and the paranormal realm. Paranormal news includes true ghost stories and UFO sightings whereas poker news includes big tournament results, online poker news, and brick & mortar cardroom news. This section serves to give you an objective overview on the most delectable of online poker rooms. We've played many hours on each site in order to give you accurate information and, more importantly, original online poker reviews. These pages share our experiences, give you specific tips for playing on each site, and include special bonuses available to our players. Areas of review include strength of bonuses, promotions, number of fish, tournaments, software, cashouts, customer service, USA online poker, and overall best features. We've studied both offline and online poker through research, observation, and most importantly real table experience. Our poker strategy articles aim to share that knowledge with you so that you can also become a consistent winner at online poker. Included are sections on ring games and special tutorials on how to win tournaments and beat the online fish. Of course... our exclusive tales of true hauntings grace this section of our site. These are real documented hauntings, and we refuse to post any speculation that hasn't been confirmed and/or investigated. You'll find haunted hotels, casinos, and cardrooms in this one-of-a-kind feature. This corner of our site includes updated and interactive listings to all the online poker tournaments you can possibly imagine. Our listings are organized by poker room and have many variables that you can customize in order to find the desired tournaments We also include a freeroll tracker for your pleasure. Our fine literature section divulges our best choices for both paranormal and poker books. You'll find texts of limit, no limit, tournaments, ghosts, UFOs... the whole lot. We also include our analysis and reviews on our favorites. Finally, you should explore a haunted community that you can call your own. Whether you need to explode about your dreadful bad beat, discover the most haunted location in Vegas, seek advice on choosing a new online poker home, get opinions on your gameplay from our truly haunted staff, or just discuss the news over a nice, tall, thick, dark, red glass of... I mean... well... you'll find it here. We also plan on hosting special tournaments for the darkest forum on the 'net.South Korea plans to send its first batch of 10 medical personnel to Ebola-hit Sierra Leone in mid-December as part of global efforts to contain the deadly virus, the government said Wednesday. The team of four doctors and six nurses will depart Seoul on Dec. 13 for Worcestor, north of London, where they will receive safety education from Dec. 15-20, according to a joint statement by the foreign, health and defense ministries. They will then leave for Sierra Leone a day later and begin full-fledged work on Dec. 29 at an Ebola clinic being built by Britain in Goderich, near the capital of Freetown, after weeklong on-the-job training there. Seoul and London are set to clinch a preliminary deal soon over the dispatch of medical workers and their roles. The statement also said South Korea plans to dispatch a total of 30 medical workers in three batches to the Ebola clinic. "By taking into account the situation there, Seoul will decide at next week's meeting how long the first group will be dispatched for," Oh Young-ju, director-general at the foreign ministry's development cooperation bureau, told a press briefing. She added that each batch of medical workers is likely to be sent to the African country for a minimum of four weeks. The move came as the 12-member advance team of government officials and civilian experts has recently wrapped up a two-week field study on Sierra Leone for a future dispatch of medical workers. In October, South Korean President Park Geun-hye announced the plan to send a group of doctors and nurses there to lend support to global efforts to contain the deadly virus. Ebola is estimated to have killed more than 5,400 people since December last year. The government said that if South Korean medical workers are infected with the virus, they will be transported to hospitals in Europe that are capable of treating Ebola via civilian and military aircraft run by the European Union. The idea of transporting infected medical workers to Seoul has been dismissed by taking into account safety concerns and the long flight time, it added. The 10 medical workers will be quarantined in South Korea for 21 days, the incubation period of the virus, when they return home. Seoul has said that the team of volunteer medical workers was picked based on their level of expertise, adding that a higher-than-expected number of medical personnel has applied. Seoul has so far provided US$5.6 million to global efforts to fight the Ebola virus. (Yonhap)In the jungle Resource Information The work In the jungle represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Oshkosh Public Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Language Material, Books. Lost in an Australian rainforest, Andrew, Judy, and Thudd the robot, who are still the size of insects, must evade Rhinoceros beetles, tarantulas, flesh-eating plants, and a host of other threats as they make their way toward the village where Uncle Al will meet them<?php /* * This file is part of PHP CS Fixer. * * (c) Fabien Potencier <[email protected]> * Dariusz Rumiński <[email protected]> * * This source file is subject to the MIT license that is bundled * with this source code in the file LICENSE. / namespace PhpCsFixer\Tests\Fixer\Casing; use PhpCsFixer\Tests\Test\AbstractFixerTestCase; /* * @author SpacePossum * * @internal * * @covers \PhpCsFixer\Fixer\Casing\NativeFunctionTypeDeclarationCasingFixer / final class NativeFunctionTypeDeclarationCasingFixerTest extends AbstractFixerTestCase { /* * @param string $expected * @param null\|string $input * * @dataProvider provideFixCases */ public function testFix($expected, $input = null) { $this->doTest($expected, $input); } public function provideFixCases() { return [ [ '<?php class Foo { private function Bar(array $bar) { return false; } } ', '<?php class Foo { private function Bar(ARRAY $bar) { return false; }
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Competing for the top spot are two returning chefs and two newcomers. Alex Greene is returning for another crack at the contest after being runner-up in the regional final last year. Having worked in a string of Michelin-starred restaurants around the world, he is now head chef at one-starred Deane’s Eipic in Belfast. He is hoping his classic dishes, which are big on flavour, will see him through this time around. Shauna Froydenlund is also returning after being runner-up at the regional final two years ago. She is co-chef patron of Marcus Wareing’s restaurant Marcus at the Berkeley Hotel with her husband Mark. She is a classical chef with particular pastry expertise. Newcomer Paul Cunningham is from Newcastle in Northern Ireland, where he is head chef at Brunels. Paul prides himself on using local ingredients and is a keen forager so tries to get a wild ingredient into every dish. Leigh Ferguson from Lisburn is head chef at Clenaghans in Aghalee. Also an advocate of local Northern Irish produce, Leigh is hoping to knock out the competition with the exotic ingredients he likes to infuse his dishes with. Presenter and comedian Susan Calman welcomes the chefs to the competition. Today, one of the four talented chefs will be going home so they have to impress their surprise veteran from the outset. First, they must whip up a new course: an amuse bouche. The four chefs prepare delicious mouthfuls, including salt-aged beef tartare and a shamrock pie, and bring them to the pass as Tom Aikens steps into the kitchen to pass judgement. Although not officially scored, this mini-course is ranked and used in the event of a tie. Great British Menu episode 10 2020 – Northern Ireland – Starter & Fish Courses While the brief celebrates British success in children’s literature, this week the chefs are tasked with honouring the theme of magical lands and time travel in kids’ books. Alex is making a filled baked potato in a cheese custard, which pays homage to Belfast author CS Lewis, whilst Shauna had similar inspiration for her dish Tea with Mr Tumnus, consisting of sardines on toast with an egg truffle and celeriac broth. Paul prepares an ambitious ode to Alice in Wonderland with his duck crumble with rhubarb starter, and Leigh honours Enid Blyton’s Enchanted Wood in his mushroom panna cotta starter, which he serves with artichokes and hazelnuts. The chefs’ fate depends on the scores they receive from their veteran, and with one person leaving after the fish course, nerves are running high. The chefs move on to the fish course, with Susan giving them support as they try to avoid being the first to leave. Leigh’s fish course is inspired by the Monster of Lough Neagh and showcases trout served with celeriac puree. Alex is planning on giving him a run for his money as he is cooking trout too but is serving his with beetroot. His dish Parrotfish is inspired by The Land of Neverbelieve by Norman Messenger. Shauna is cooking a dish inspired by the legend of Finn McCool, which gave the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland its name. It features monkfish, turnips and potatoes. Paul is opting to cook halibut with oysters and foraged nettles and seaweed in an ode to Enid Blyton’s The Magical Faraway Tree. With some surprising scores all round, who will be eliminated from the competition and not get to cook their entire menu? The pressure is on for all the chefs to deliver.Could 'Geostorm' Really Happen? The New Disaster Movie Paints A Bleak Climate Picture Disaster movies have long had a place in Hollywood. But while the early days of the genre featured small scale disasters like The Towering Inferno, Airport, and The Poseidon Adventure, recent years have seen films depicting worldwide cataclysms caused by climate change. Films like 2012 and The Day After Tomorrow have sounded the alarm about humanity's effect on the Earth's climate, and now a new film, Geostorm, looks to do the same. But could Geostorm really happen? It almost feels like it already has. 2017 has seen an abundance of worse-than-usual natural disasters, from the most damaging hurricane season ever to California's deadliest wildfire to two once-in-a-century earthquakes in Mexico, the past few months have looked like armageddon. Geostorm starts off in a similar place in the near-future where, after a number of devastating natural disasters caused by global warming, 18 nations have banded together to create a network of weather-controlling satellites. Initially, everything goes well with the satellites as they keep the climate in check and natural disasters become a thing of the past, but then someone starts sabotaging the system and it begins malfunctioning, causing cities to freeze, burn, or be otherwise destroyed by nature's wrath. So do we have to worry about this actually happening? Warner Bros. Pictures on YouTube Not really, though there are currently scientists who are looking into ways to better combat climate change through geoengineering, a discipline which looks to control the climate that has not yet seen any large-scale success but is being explored via a variety of different methods. According to Chris Berdik of the Boston Globe, some of the ways geoengineers are looking to fix the climate are by planting forests to convert excess carbon dioxide into oxygen, spraying sulfuric acid into the atmosphere to scatter sunlight and cool the planet, dumping iron dust into the ocean to increase the activity of CO2-eating phytoplankton, creating salt water vapor clouds to better reflect sunlight, building giant CO2 scrubbers, and launching giant mirrors into space to beam the sun's rays away from Earth. That last one is probably the closest realistic idea to the satellite system seen in Geostorm, but it's still a far cry from a system designed to actually control the climate, rather than just influence it. So how close is the field of geoengineering to actually coming up with a system like the one seen in Geostorm? Not close at all. Harvard professor and geoengineering scientist David Keith told Motherboard's Carl Franzen, "Geostorm's relationship to the science and politics of geoengineering seems about as realistic as The Day After Tomorrow's relationship to the science and politics of climate change. That is, there is almost no relationship." Considering that The Day After Tomorrow is one of the least-realistic disaster movies ever, you can probably rest easy knowing that the cataclysms of Geostorm aren't likely to happen in real life. Alan Robock, an environmental scientist at Rutgers, also spoke to Motherboard and cast doubt on the movie's dubious science, specifically taking to task the disasters themselves — which include things like planes being frozen out of the sky and armies of tornadoes. "The technology portrayed in the movie, as far as I can tell from the trailer, does not exist, and I know of no way to actually control the weather in the manner indicated," Robock said. "It is pure science fiction. The multiple tornadoes and huge wall of water from the ocean are impossible, given my understanding of climate physics, and clearly were invented to make the movie exciting." So if you're worried about the government controlling the weather and then someone hacking the system to cause natural disasters all over the globe like in Geostorm, don't be. The technology for doing so doesn't exist, and according to those in the know, it doesn't sound like it ever will.Escape from the north Updated The long and perilous journey of a North Korean defector. It was pitch black and silent as 15-year-old Soo-jung Ra* made her way across the vast sand dunes of the Gobi Desert. She was among a group of 11 North Korean defectors in search of liberty and freedom, en route to South Korea. Their broker had instructed them to follow the barbed-wire fence that stretched along the border between China and Mongolia. For a while, the only sound they could hear was the soft squeaking of their feet crunching in the sand. But suddenly, they were struck by the blinding headlights of a vehicle. At that moment Soo-jung believed she would be killed. Life under 'the great leader' As a young child in North Korea, Soo-jung describes a life of plenty. She was born in 1989. Her tight-knit family of four lived in the mountainous region of Myongchon county in North Hamgyong province. The 'Great Leader' and 'Eternal President' Kim Il-sung was in power and it was a time she recalls fondly. Her father worked at a factory and her mother at a farm. She and her older sister went to school, had homework, played games and bickered as siblings do. She
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There he meets Mortin Enaw, one of the creators of C&C, and other mythical creatures from the game, including the alluring Ada Ember, whom Perry finds more beautiful than any human girl he's ever met. Perry's new otherworldly friends need his help to save their princess and prevent mass violence. As they embark on their quest, Perry realizes that his nerdy childhood has uniquely prepared him to be a great warrior in this world, and maybe even a hero. But to save the princess, Perry will have to learn how to make real connections in the human world as well. Bestselling author Ned Vizzini delivers a compulsively readable and wildly original story about the winding and often hilarious path to manhood. Educator and Librarian Resources Critical Praise “With a deft sense of humor and a keen ear for funny and realistic teen dialogue, Vizzini explores one teen everyman’s quest to become a hero, one roll of the six-sided die at a time …. Great geeky fun.” —Kirkus Reviews “Perry is lovably awkward, and his goofy eagerness is offset by his bitingly funny observations…. Vizzini’s true strength is in authentically depicting the skills needed to survive growing up.” —ALA Booklist “THE OTHER NORMALS is wildly imaginative, incredibly funny, and weirdly wise. I don’t know where Vizzini gets this stuff it’s like he’s tapped into the collective unconscious of alienated adolescents everywhere.” —Lev Grossman, New York Times bestselling author of THE MAGICIAN and THE MAGICIAN KING “Vizzini has created a likable geek in Perry and an interesting alternate world that could easily be the setting for more adventures. This book will be enjoyed by readers open to something that straddles the line between fantasy and science fiction.” —School Library Journal “A fast-paced coming-of-age story with a fascinating premise which, to the great credit of the author, is seamless and strangely believable.” —R.A. Salvatore, New York Times Bestselling author of CHARON'S CLAW and The Dark Elf Trilogy Praise for IT’S KIND OF A FUNNY STORY: “This book offers hope in a package that readers will find enticing, and that’s the gift it offers.” —Booklist (starred review) HarperCollins Reader When you purchase e-books from HarperCollins, you can read it on our HarperCollins Reader App that is available on your iPhone/iPad, Android or Kindle Fire. We encourage you to use the HC Reader App since it supports our type of e-book files and you may have some trouble with a different reader app. Instructions Please make sure you have a HarperCollins Account. If you purchase/have purchased an e-book from HarperCollins, this is your account login and password. Otherwise, please click here to register. Download the HC Reader App on iPhone/iPad, Android or Kindle Fire and sign in with your HarperCollins account (your username is an e-mail address). Please note that Kindle Fire users must edit their settings (Settings < Device) to allow installation of apps in order to download the HC Reader App. This App is not available in the Amazon App Store.Q: Changing order of columns on different screens basically what I'm trying to achieve using bootstrap is something like this (https://ibb.co/mBB9P6P). When it's resized to smaller screens it should like (https://ibb.co/0XnDy2S). Of course with the code I'm using, what happens is that second image goes behind second paragraph My idea was using Bootstrap's order-first and order-last classes to achieve this and while it works for mobile, on desktop both pictures are on left. What I thought would work was removing a class from a div on different media query but I'm not sure if that's even an option. <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <img src="img1.png"> </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <p>Text</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <p>Text</p> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <img src="img1.png"> </div> </div> A: If you're using Bootstrap 4, then you can take advantage of its flex based layout and use the order property. Here is an example: @media (max-width: 768px) { .col-md-9 { order: 2; } .col-md-3 { order: 1; } } img { width: 100%; } <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <img src="https://placehold.it/250x150"> </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <p>Text</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <p>Text</p> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <img src="https://placehold.it/250x150"> </div> </div> Here is a fiddle to play with: https://jsfiddle.net/2mwxeor5/1/ 最低賃金をはるかに下回る時給で、早朝から深夜までこき使える ― 外国人労働者の受け入れ枠拡大に向けた入管法改正（改悪）法案の審議が衆院で大詰めを迎えた。与党はきょう27日中の通過を目指す。安価な外国人労働者を大量に入れれば、自国の労働者の賃金低下を招く。何より国際社会に向かって恥ずべき「奴隷買い」を国策として行おうというのである。「安倍総理は一体何を考えているのか。あなたは日本を取り戻すのではなかったのか」。首相官邸前に日章旗を林立させながら、抗議の声をあげているのは「頑張れ日本！全国行動委員会」の水島総・幹事長だ。いつもは安倍応援団である水島氏だが、演説を聞けば極めてまっとうな主張であることが分かる。水島氏は、会社を愛し定年まで勤めあげることを善とした日本型資本主義を壊したのは自民党だという。「歴史的に見ても移民を入れて長期的に発展した国はない」。「薄っぺらな国家観で、こんなもので国がやっていけるのか・・・こんな状態で日本が良くなると考えるのか」。「まして外国人労働者は商品でない。喜び、悲しみ、苦しみ、泣いて、笑って、助け合う生身の人間である。君たちに人間に対するまなざしが本当にあるのか」。雇用先で虐待を受け、低賃金で働かされる外国人労働者が涙ながらに訴える・・・こんな事があちこちで起きる日本は、どうみても誇りある国とはいえない。「なぜ、そんなに急がなきゃいけないのか
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309, 5964, 6497, 949, 1955, 281, 253, 14261, 389, 13035, 13, 40989, 55, 1297, 369, 9288, 275, 6469, 407, 4832, 3694, 345, 50108, 5034, 13575, 7, 36, 20174, 15, 11056, 253, 40989, 55, 1297, 10296, 403, 11217, 715, 2067, 13575, 7, 36, 3580, 15, 187, 187, 19154, 6716, 388, 13057, 10980, 187, 4553, 253, 7289, 273, 40989, 55, 1297, 13, 275, 5826, 24574, 2191, 14728, 521, 2770, 281, 11745, 11947, 13, 6684 ]	-Well Acoustic Charge Transport Device," issued to William J. Tanski, Sears W. Merritt and Robert N. Sacks. Further information regarding ACT and HACT devices is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,596, entitled "Acoustic Charge Transport Device Having Direct Optical Input", issued to R. N. Sacks et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,926,083, entitled Optically Modulated Acoustic Charge Transport Device", issued to S. W. Merritt et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,001, entitled "Monolithic Electro-Acoustic Device Having An Acoustic Charge Transport Device Integrated With A Transistor", issued to R. N. Sacks et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,633,285, entitled "Acoustic Charge Transport Device And Method" issued to B. J. Hunsinger et al. ; the above-noted patents are incorporated herein by reference. The SAW thus functions as an acoustic clocking signal, similarly to clocking signals in a conventional charge-coupled device (CCD), but without need for complex interconnections which CCDs require. SAW transducer/channel width design considerations are addressed in "A Synopsis of Surface Acoustic Wave Propagation on {100}-Cut <110>-Propagating Gallium Arsenide" by W. D. Hunt et al., (J. Appl.Phys. 69(4), pp. 1936-1941, 15 Feb. 1991), which is incorporated herein by reference. CCDs, bucket brigade devices and related memory devices have the disadvantages that great fabrication complexity is necessary in order to provide the polyphase clocking signals required by such devices. Other disadvantages of such devices include limited practical clocking speed and substantial dark currents. The capacitive nature of the transfer electrodes to which the clocking signals are applied exacerbates difficulties involved in attempting to increase clocking speeds because these types of charge transfer devices tend to operate best when driven by clocking signals having sharp transitions, e.g., square waves, which are difficult to supply to capacitive loads such as clocking electrodes, especially at high frequencies. Another class of device which has been experimentally demonstrated at low clocking frequencies (e.g., less than 100 MHz) but which has not shown transfer efficiencies of practical value even at these low clocking frequencies are based on metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) technology wherein a layer of strongly piezoelectric material is applied over a layer of native oxide to a semiconductor material such as silicon. These devices operate by first establishing a channel region at the semiconductor-oxide interface by means of an electrical bias which gives rise to an inversion layer (e.g., a two-dimensional minority carrier sheet) which is then subsequently bunched and synchronously transported by a SAW (or other acoustic wave) launched from a SAW transducer which is in proximity to the piezoelectric layer. Such devices have consistently had serious problems in practice including high surface state densities at the semiconductor-oxide interface, giving rise to charge trapping effects and poor charge transfer efficiency even at low clocking frequencies, high acoustic propagation losses (limiting practical channel lengths and hence storage times), incompatibility with Schottky electrode sensing techniques for non-destructive charge sensing, substantial dark currents due to the high electrical fields necessary to provide inversion layers and poor input-output isolation due to the necessary presence of a conductive layer immediately beneath the charge-carrying inversion layer (inversion layers can only be formed by biasing a conductive layer). A particular problem has been that most dielectric films provide high acoustic propagation losses. For these and other reasons related to device processing problems, acoustically clocked MIS structures have never proven practical as charge transfer devices. Examples of concepts for such devices are briefly mentioned in passing in Boyle et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,858,232, issued Dec. 31, 1974 and in more detail in Mikoshiba et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,799,244, issued Jan. 17, 1989. Experimental performance of such devices is discussed in Tsubouchi et al., "Charge Transfer by Surface Acoustic Waves on Monolithic MIS Structure", 1978 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, pp. 20 through 24 while theoretical predictions of performance absent charge trapping are presented in "Modelling of Charge Transfer by Surface Acoustic Waves in a Monolithic Metal/ZnO/SiO2/Si System" by F. Augustine et al., IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, ED-29, No. 12, Dec. 1982, pp. 1876 through 1883. In "Fabrication-Related Effects in Metal--ZnO--SiO2--Si Structures", Cornell et al., Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 31, No. 9, 1 Nov. 1977, pp. 560 through 562, provides conclusive experimental evidence that the sputtering process used to deposit ZnO causes surface state problems which severely limit the performance of acoustically clocked devices using such structures. The above-noted patents and articles are hereby incorporated by reference. The very weak piezoelectricity of GaAs (k.sup.2 =7.4.times.10.sup.-4 for the Rayleigh mode on 100!-cut, <110>-propagating GaAs) dictates that the great majority of energy in the SAW is manifested as mechanical energy and only a small portion of the total energy is manifested through the electrical potential which accompanies the SAW. It is this electrical component of total SAW energy which bunches charge carriers forming distinct packets and transporting these packets, representing the input signal, through the HACT device. Accordingly, present day ACT and HACT devices require large (about one Watt) acoustic power levels in order to realize the voltage required (about one Volt) to effect coherent charge packet transport within the HACT channel, synchronous with the SAW clock signal. What is needed is a device architecture providing high charge transfer efficiency, long charge storage times, good frequency response, low clocking signal power requirements and low dark current. Therefore, it is an advantage of the present invention to provide an HACT device which includes a greatly reduced acoustic power requirement for achieving coherent, synchronous charge transport.Cormac Kinney Cormac Kinney is an entrepreneur and software designer. Inventor of Heatmaps, institutional trading systems, a publisher social network, and a diamond commodity. His innovations have been cited in nearly 4,000 US Patents. Background Kinney grew up in University City, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. Graduated from Carnegie Mellon University's College of Engineering, earning Bachelor of Science degrees in Economics and Industrial Management, and a Master of Science in Industrial Administration and Finance in 5 years, skipping one year of college, but leaving a Software Engineering degree uncompleted. Career and Inventions As a student at Carnegie Mellon, Kinney founded two small software companies in succession, sold to Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co., and H.J. Heinz. Both were related to optimization. Heatmaps, NeoVision In 1993, with Carnegie Mellon Senior Research Scientist, Marc H. Graham, Kinney founded NeoVision Hypersystems, Inc. to develop and market the Heatmaps technology. NeoVision Heatmaps are a real time middleware and computation platform producing animated colored charts. After licensing the technology to trading desks at Merrill Lynch, Citibank, Salomon Brothers and Morgan Stanley, and 9 departments in Deutsche Bank, he raised a total of $8 million from Deutsche Bank, Bear Stearns, Intel Corporation and venture capital investors. With fresh capital, Kinney hired Brian Barefoot, President of PaineWebber International, and formerly global head of sales and trading at Merrill Lynch as CEO, added Deutsche Bank’s Global COO to NeoVision’s board, and continued to expand the rollout of Heatmaps to many large buy and sell side financial institutions, including Bank of America, PaineWebber, Bear Stearns, Merrill Lynch, Smith Barney and 13 other brokerages, JPMorgan Chase, Fidelity and the DTC, for monitoring up to $1.7 trillion in daily transactions. Subsequent to NeoVision, Barefoot became President of Babson College for seven years. Significant distribution licenses were made with Bloomberg L.P., Dow Jones Telerate, Thomson, and Reuters to license Heatmaps to over 300,000 desktops. The Nasdaq was the first to license a web version, webHeatmaps, which was on the front page of www.nasdaq.com from 2001 through 2013. In 2002, he designed a trade cost analysis system for Fidelity Investments - cited by The Wall Street Journal as "a sophisticated tracking system to see which brokers can execute trades most efficiently," which was credited, in part, with reducing the mutual-fund firm's trading costs by hundreds of millions of dollars per year, to half the industry average. This system, Brokermaps, was later installed at Bank of America Investment Management, Invesco, Janus, Merrill Lynch Investment Management and Putnam Investments. As of 2019, since 1993, Heatmaps have been cited in over 4,000 patents granted by the US PTO, and in dozens of peer reviewed research papers. After a planned $30 million IPO fell through due to the dot com crash, NeoVision was acquired in 2003 by financial software conglomerate SS&C Technologies. Today the NeoVision technologies are incorporated into several SS&C products. Quantitative Hedge Fund After the sale of NeoVision, in 2005 Kinney shifted his focus to quantitative trading, developing
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TV notes. Starting with PBS. This week on Bill Moyers Journal (begins airing tonight on most PBS stations, check local listings, and it streams online -- video and audio -- and offers transcripts): Instructed by a dream and organized in prayer, Leymah Gbowee andthousands of everyday women in Liberia - both Christians and Muslimsalike - confronted warlords and a corrupt president to successfullyfight for peace and dignity in their war-torn nation. "I realized thatevery problem we encounter on this journey, I'm going to rise above itand lead these women because they trusted me with their lives and theirfuture," says Gbowee. Journal guest host Lynn Sherr interviews LeymahGbowee and Abigail Disney, who documented their inspiring tale in theaward-winning film PRAY THE DEVIL BACK TO HELL. Lynn Sherr is along-time broadcast journalist who most recently covered events inLiberia for PBS' news program, WORLDFOCUS. According to the Department of Education, the average amount of undergraduate student debt in this country is now more than $22,000. And sudden changes in lenders' terms and rates can quickly turn a personal debt into a financial sinkhole, grounding the dreams of many college graduates even before they've started.This week, NOW follows the story of a single mother in Baltimore trying to dig herself out of more than $70,000 student loan debt. While issues of personal responsibility are debated, there's no question the high price of higher education is creating an ocean of student loan debt for people who can least afford it.How are the 70 million Americans with student debt frustrating America's economic recovery? Washington Week finds Gwen sitting around the table with Barbara Slavin (Washington Times), Karen Tumulty (TIME magazine), David Wessel (Wall St. Journal) and Jeff Zeleny (New York Times). All begin airing tonight (check local listings) on most PBS stations and tonight also finds Bonnie Erbe sitting down with Karen Czarnecki, Irene Natividad and Leslie Sanchez to discuss the week's news on PBS' To The Contrary. Check local listings. And turning to broadcast TV, Sunday CBS' 60 Minutes offers: A Clean Version Of HellExclusive footage from within and a rare interview with its former warden takes viewers inside the secretive "Supermax" federal prison, where the nation's most dangerous and infamous criminals - including terrorists - are held under the strictest rules. Scott Pelley reports. The War Next DoorDrug-cartel fueled violence has turned into a war in Mexico, with thousands of deaths and the government battling well-armed gangs whose military-quality weapons come mostly from U.S. dealers. Anderson Cooper reports. LeBronSteve Kroft profiles the Cleveland Cavalier's superstar, LeBron James, who at only 24, is already among an elite handful of athletes who command tens of millions a year in playing and marketing fees. About Me We do not open attachments. Stop e-mailing them. Threats and abusive e-mail are not covered by any privacy rule. This isn't to the reporters at a certain paper (keep 'em coming, they are funny). This is for the likes of failed comics who think they can threaten via e-mails and then whine, "E-mails are supposed to be private." E-mail threats will be turned over to the FBI and they will be noted here with the names and anything I feel like quoting. This also applies to anyone writing to complain about a friend of mine. That's not why the public account exists.[Effects of transforming growth factor-beta/Smad signaling on the growth and apoptosis of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD]. To study the effects of TGF-beta/Smad signaling on the growth and apoptosis of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD. Biosynthesized short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was transfected into RD cells by cation liposome vector to suppress Smad4 expression. The mRNA and protein expression of Smad4 in RD after shRNA-transfection were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the location of Smad2/3 in RD by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The viability of RD cells was examined by MTT method and (3)H-thymidine incorporation assay. The apoptosis of RD was examined by flow cytometry analysis and fluorescent staining. The expression of mRNA and protein of Smad4 in RD were effectively suppressed by shRNA interference. Such suppression effectively interrupted the endogenous TGF-beta/Smad signaling and consequently blocked the translocation of Smad2/3. The interruption of endogenous TGF-beta/Smad signaling not only inhibited the growth of RD but also induced apoptosis of RD. Exogenous TGF-beta1 inhibited the growth of RD but did not influence the apoptosis of RD. shRNA interference can effectively interrupt the TGF-beta/Smad signaling by suppressing the expression of Smad4. TGF-beta/Smad signaling subtly regulates the growth and apoptosis of RD.Thrall Community Organization Database Telephone: (845)294-6221 Meeting Hours/Places, Other Information:"Agri-Business Child Development (ABCD), founded in 1946, is committed to providing the highest quality early childhood education and social services to farm worker and other eligible families across New York State. As a non-profit provider of high quality culturally and linguistically diverse child development services for infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers, Agri-Business Child Development ensures that each child receives comprehensive educational, health and social services."Get Excited! LeAnn Rimes Is Coming Out With A New Version Of Her Hit Song 'Blue!' It’s been 15 years since LeAnn released our favorite song “Blue,” but now she’s coming out with a new and better version! We can’t wait! OMG BFFs! There’s no reason to be blue anymore! LeAnn Rimes, 28, is coming out with a new and special version of her infamous song “Blue” on her up-and-coming album Ladies and Gentlemen. Are you super stoked? “For all my fans out there, I just wanted to keep you updated on what’s going on,” LeAnn says. “I have been in the studio working on a new bonus track for ‘Ladies and Gentlemen’ and a brand new version of ‘Blue!'” “I have gotten an overwhelming response at my concerts for the brand new live version that we’ve been doing,” LeAnn explains. “A lot of fans have been asking me to re-record ‘Blue.'” “It’s been 15 years since that song has been released,” LeAnn continues. “I thought, that song is pretty much a classic, so why not re-record it at 28 and not 13 and put it on this album.” “The album should be in your hands soon,” LeAnn says. “It’s just not completely done yet, so you’ll have to wait a little bit longer.”Amerila leucoptera Amerila leucoptera is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1901. It is found in Benin, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. References , 1908: Neue Lepidopteren aus Uganda. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1908: 50-62. , 1901: Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History) 3: XII+609 p., pl. 36-54, London. , 1911: Descriptions of new genera and species of Syntomidæ, Arctiadæ, Agaristidæ, and Noctuidæ. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 8: 394-445. , 1997: A revision of the Afrotropical taxa of the genus Amerila Walker (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). Systematic Entomology 22 (1): 1-44. Category:Moths described in 1901 Category:Amerilini Category:Moths of Africa Category:Insects of West Africa&99WTfl -V ' 4 " THE CUTTHROAT VOL. 9 SIMONS UNIVERSITIES ABBALEAN TEXIZ A.PRIL 1 JfRIOE 10c o THE OPEN' MANHOLE. PADGINT CHATS. PROF. -AND HIS WID- DER MAKE MERRY. The light brown curly headed brown By AN OLJE SEWER History in many cases does "not give The writer's name may smell bad and much light on the subjects presented in the following news hints should raise a a truthful honest god fearing way. As eyed sheik 0f the' Sociology department big stink but it is the aim of -this col- in the case of Geprgc Washington and or gome woul(i sav Dr Baker's ririit limn to present tne trutn ana.notmng nmany
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285, 7321, 7062, 41214, 42847, 4595, 313, 46, 16568, 13, 4956, 1511 ]	could happen because as the mom was moving things off the high shelf, the young six year old son was in his bedroom moving his fav toys down off of high shelf down to under his bad and table. I loved watching the action as the eight year old looked about and picked her photo up, the three year going to the door and greeting her little playmate from down the street. Then she showed him the way to the safe room as she held his hand. All family members but for the ten month year old, had a part to play. Even me when the mom told me to fill the bottle with warm water. I made sure I had my cell phone and all five kids were inside with their moms as I went to the corner I was told to sit in. The father was the last and he closed the door. During our time, we listened to a news station who did not know they were on the air. They made comments to each other which would had never been sent out.. so darn funny! I know there were some red faces later but they were cool to listen to ... and hear their un edited comments about the weather and sometimes somebody they knew.. Well we were at times laughing and the kids played the computer games and the oldest read a book. After the events of yesterday, I'm giving serious thought to a storm shelter. Since I live in a doublewide, having a safe room isn't an opion since there's nothing solid to bolt it down to. A buried storm shelter is the only real option, one big enough for ten, in case my neighbors, who also live in a doublewide, need some place to go. I'd make sure there was battery-powered LED lights in it, with fresh water, a first aid kit, and a multiband radio with fresh batteries. If I had a half an hour, our filing cabinet and computer would go, with some clothes for everyone, some food and our two cats and the bearded dragon. If it was five minutes, it'd be down to the backup hard drive, the checkbook, the cats, if they could be found, and the dragon. One item, eh?I assume this one item is on top of what you are wearing at the time. I generally wear work trousers with a pencil, some electrician's tape (that's my first aid kit) and an Olfa utility knife in a pocket. iPod (missing just now) is usually in a back pocket.So I guess my one item would be my trousers.Depending on the severity of the warning, and assuming I could grab something else since I was fully clothed I might grab a bottle of booze in worst case.'Course if there were children sheltering with me I would not be smoking but the tobacco would come with me anyway and the lighter or matches can usually be found in one of my vest pockets.Che Guevera said there are really only two items you need to supply for a revolutionary army:1) Tobacco2) Shoe leatherOnce the immediate need for secure shelter is past we come to Shore's question above: Where to go? I guess in that portion I'd grab the chainsaw and try to round up my "Best Beloveds".I experienced on significant earthquake on the second floor of an apartment building. Never even had time to decide which way to run before it was over. Patti I am so impressed. It sounds like my hurricane plan minus the kids. I have a laundry room that serves as our go to place. Each inch has special things to go there. If we get any storm warnings that is where we head, Steve and I, the two kitties and lab Zoe. We don't mess around. A warning is a warning. Glad you guys are all ok. The drill pays off big time. Take care and let's hope this is all of the storms for this spring, but I don't think so. Good idea for a blog. Gets folks thinking about the one thing they can't do without or the one thing that would be most useful. Problem is most of us have a lot of things that we wouldn't want to do without. I learned this after a couple really bad hurricane seasons. We all know to keep some water and food on hand, but what if you had to abandon your home or your home and emergency supplies were destroyed? One thing that folks really hate to lose is photos and videos. If you have a bug out bag ready, or as shore calls it an abandon ship bag, you can copy all your digital files to DVDs or flash drives along with scans of older photos and important documents and stick them in the bag without sacrificing much space. Having such a kit ready to go if needed doesn't make you a doomsday nut, it just means that you realize that there are lots of scenarios, not all far fetched, in which you might need to leave your home and are in a better position to make that call when needed. I'm slowly putting together the land equivalent of an abandon ship bag, that I can just grab as I go out the door. I'd take the bag, and Dixie Rose. Of course, then there's the problem of where to go. There really isn't a good place. I'm on the second floor of an apartment building. The apartment clubhouse is no good - it's all glass. In the end I might be just as well off to stay here and get in the front closet. The construction is poured concrete, and its new enough to have been built to current hurricane standards, so who knows? If I was out and about I'd come home anyway if I could, to get Dixie Rose. I don't even know anyone in Houston with a basement! I'm sure they're around, but I've never come across one. A large pack that has the basics for 3 days or more survival and personal defense including a real good first aid kit, food, and water. There is also a place in it to slide the laptop and a portable hard drive that has all my really important stuff on it. (need the laptop to see what's going on outside) If the phone counts as a second item I'd clip it to the dog's collar and have him carry it. (he's not much into chew toys anyway) I would take my pocketbook (where my cell phone is)and a photo of my sons and grandchildren. I am listening to the news and it is just horrible how many places were hit, the death of at least 31 people, etc. Prayers of thanks for sparing so many, prayers for the dead, prayers for those affected.We are finalizing details for February as fast as we can. We will get the info out as soon as we can. In the meantime, rest assured that our plans are for February 23 (Thursday) to February 26 (Sunday), 2017, and that we are busily making arrangements and setting schedules and other details. We are going to be including many new, exciting elements this year – can’t wait to tell you all about it! As always, thank you so much for supporting and participating in our events! SusanMunza Munza is an afrotropical cicada genus. References Category:Taxa named by William Lucas Distant Category:Cicadidae genera Category:Platypleurini[android-components](../../../index.md) / [mozilla.components.concept.engine.manifest](../../index.md) / [WebAppManifest](../index.md) / [DisplayMode](index.md) / [STANDALONE](./-s-t-a-n-d-a-l-o-n-e.md) # STANDALONE `STANDALONE` [(source)](https://github.com/mozilla-mobile/android-components/blob/master/components/concept/engine/src/main/java/mozilla/components/concept/engine/manifest/WebAppManifest.kt#L80) The application will look and feel like a standalone application. This can include the application having a different window, its own icon in the application launcher, etc. In this mode, the user agent will exclude UI elements for controlling navigation, but can include other UI elements such as a status bar. This is just so totally cool. Thank you so much mysterious apron exchanger! I do a lot of cooking. Not necessarily because I enjoy it, but it saves me a ton of money to cook all my meals. My days start pretty early and I am prone to burning myself with popping bacon grease when I make my breakfast. It's a combination of being too tired to care and not wearing a shirt because it's five in the morning. I told my gifter that I need armor to protect me from the bacon grease. Well, how cool is this? I now have a suit of armor to protect me. Even better, it's authentic, straight from London, England! Thanks so much for the apron. I'm going to where it every time I cook. And not just because it's my only apron. It's super awesome.New avian suspension cell lines provide production of influenza virus and MVA in serum-free media: studies on growth, metabolism and virus propagation. Few suspension cells can be used for vaccine manufacturing today as they either do not meet requirements from health regulatory authorities or do not produce high virus titres. Two new avian designer cell lines (AGE1.CR and AGE1.CR.pIX) that have been adapted to grow in suspension in serum-free medium were evaluated for their potential as host cells for influenza and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA, wild type
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He looked at the medication left by the doctor, noting he had five more doses of morphine and syringes to administer it. She had also left hand-written instructions on how to care for each of Emily's injuries. * As soon as it was dark, Chevalier loaded his things into the back of a modified black Bugatti Veyron and lowered the passenger seat as far back as it would go. He went inside and checked to make sure he'd left nothing, then watched Emily for a moment before he gently pulled her arm out from under the covers. He couldn't have her waking up during the long trip to Colorado. He was afraid the car's movement would cause her pain. After cleaning a small area of her upper arm with alcohol, he pulled the cap off the needle and carefully injected one full dose of morphine. He put the cap back on the needle, deciding to dispose of it outside where no one would find it. A small trickle of blood escaped the puncture wound. Chevalier breathed deeply, and the pleasing aroma made his throat burn. He touched one finger to the drop of blood and brought it hungrily to his mouth. Once he regained complete control, he reached down tenderly and picked Emily up, gathering the blankets around her. He normally refused to use his full speed when in a public place, but he couldn't risk her being spotted. It was only a fraction of a second before he was setting her down gently in the car. The morphine was working. She didn't even move as he buckled her in and deftly slipped into the driver's seat. He let the car idle for a few minutes while he did the math. It was around 830 miles to the small town closest to his home in Colorado, and with heku modifications, his car could sustain 250 mph. That seemed dangerously fast to anyone else, but with the fast reflexes inherent to heku, it was perfectly safe. Accounting for weather and other obstacles, he figured he could be in the snowcat in just under four hours. Once he loaded up the snowcat with supplies, it was another two hours to get to his house. That last dose of morphine should keep Emily comfortable and unaware for the entire ride. She stirred only once during the trip, when the soft drizzle that started around midnight turned into a violent hailstorm. It was in Buford, Colorado, where he stopped to grab supplies. The tiny town nestled deep in the Rocky Mountains consisted of one small store and a cabin. He paid a local teenager to go into the store with a list of supplies while he waited with Emily. The boy glanced at the sleeping girl once, but Chevalier brought his finger to his lips, indicating that she was sleeping. After leaving Buford, it was only a few miles to the turnoff. The tiny dirt road was partially hidden by thick evergreens and large aspen trees. From here, it was slow going. The road was neglected, and its winding path was riddled with local wildlife. Slowly, the terrain turned from dark green to white as the year-round snow began. Up ahead, he caught sight of the curved outline of the private garage. He went through two locked gates before drawing up to it and opening the large door, then he pulled the Bugatti inside and shut the door behind him. The snowcat was already partially stocked with supplies and extra fuel. Speed wasn't a problem here. No one was around the area for miles. He quickly passed the supplies from the car into the snowcat and made a provisional bed out of the backseat. Emily gasped slightly when Chevalier picked her up, but she settled down comfortably onto the bed. It was still dark, which was how he preferred to travel. The lights from the snowcat lit up the stark white snow as he moved slowly out into it. He drove the snowcat a lot slower than he preferred, trying not to jostle Emily around and cause her to wake up. The two-hour trek up the mountain went smoothly, and the time allowed him to consider all of the options for teaching Emily about her ability. The trick was how to teach her without her turning it on him. He suddenly worried what would happen to her if he was turned to ash, leaving her alone in the treacherous high country. It wasn't until he was almost to the house when he saw it. It was securely hidden by dense trees and overgrowth. The windows were black and lifeless as he pulled the snowcat into the garage and shut the door behind him, surrounding them in complete darkness. He stepped out into the garage. Its stinging cold didn't bother him, but he shut the door quickly to keep Emily out of it. The wall panel lit up when he touched it, bringing the generators to life, fully charged by the solar panels. He adjusted the temperature in the house up to 75 degrees, and with a short code, the fireplaces all came alive, blazing with warmth. He went back to the snowcat and picked Emily up, holding his breath. She was starting to stir a bit. Chevalier entered the spacious house and headed for the nearest bedroom on the second floor, where the bed was very near the fireplace. Laying her down gently, he covered her with a heavy down quilt, then went to work getting the supplies out of the snowcat and putting them away in the house. * A snowstorm raged outside of the sizable house, and the wind howled through the White River National Forest as Chevalier sat in an ancient rocking chair and watched Emily sleep. He suspected that it wouldn't be long until she woke fully. She'd opened her eyes several times, but they were unfocused and soon closed again. His plans were made, well laid out for his protection, but he hoped they would produce fast results. The never ending faction war wouldn't wait for him. With a groan, Emily sat up in the unfamiliar room. Her hand suddenly grasped her side as the broken ribs screamed at the movement. Chevalier was sitting by her side in an instant, slowly lowering her back onto the bed. "It's okay, Emily. Lay down," he assured her, gently positioning her so her head was propped up a bit, making it easier to look around. "Where am I?" she asked, her eyes taking in the large bedroom. "You're safe. You are in my home." He stayed on the bed and kept a hand firmly on her shoulder, so she wouldn't hurt herself trying to get up. Her piercing green eyes looked deep into his and narrowed slightly. "How long have I been here?" "Four days. What's the last thing you remember?" He was hoping it would save some time if she remembered some of the night they left the ranch. She thought for a moment, and a sudden realization showed on her face. She nodded. "I was on Coal, and I was looking for you." He smiled. "You found me." She frowned as the memories came back to her. "He fell. Coal did... I... I don't remember anything after that." "Coal fell on you. That's why you are in pain. You have a broken collarbone, several broken ribs, and a concussion." "How is Coal?" she asked suddenly, worry showing in her eyes. Lying always came easily for him, but he didn't want to lie to her. "He wasn't hurt in the fall. He stood right back up, and then I brought you here." "Where is here?" "That's something I will tell you later. For now, you only need to know you're safe. I won't let anything happen to you." She cocked her head slightly to the side and listened. "We're alone?" Chevalier simply nodded. She studied his face. "Am I a hostage?" "No," he said, and smiled broadly. "You may leave when you want to and are well enough to travel." "Does Keith know where I am?" "No" "Does anyone?" He sighed. "No." "I have to get back. I have to watch after the ranch and..." She paused, her mind taking it all in. "Keith is going to kill me." Chevalier shook his head. "You can't travel yet. Besides, there's a severe snowstorm out there. We won't be going anywhere. You must be hungry." Emily nodded. "I'll get you something. Behave and stay in bed." He stood up carefully and was out of the room before she could even see him move. As soon as he was gone, Emily braced her ribs with her hand and swung her legs out of bed. She was tangled briefly in a long white nightgown, but she was able to free her feet after some effort. She wondered how she had gotten into the gown and where it had come from. It was long sleeved and billowy, similar to one she'd seen in a museum. Once she was sure she was steady, she stood up, gasping softly as her ribs protested against the movement. Her left arm seemed weak, and when she moved it, a sharp pain raced down her shoulder. She braced herself against the headboard as her head swam dangerously close to unconsciousness, and black started to encroach on her vision. After a few moments, it cleared, and she took a cautious step away from the bed. With
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11771, 6284, 2226, 15, 187, 187, 5180, 19, 5218, 1401, 1773, 25455, 1320, 6098, 1503, 56, 1594, 52, 1594, 56, 1594, 59, 6019, 3233, 1095, 318, 6098, 1503, 56, 1594, 52, 1594, 59, 6019, 39, 1939, 1783, 6098, 1594, 59, 1594, 56, 443, 50, 6019, 29610, 11931, 6098, 1594 ]	ved cone indicates the presence of edge effects and is not drawn as the evidence for conclusions. (C) Phases of LAB and ILI time series (solid lines, colors as in Fig 2A) and their phase difference (black dashed lines).](pone.0169199.g002){#pone.0169199.g002} Age-specific epidemic waves of influenza in Beijing {#sec009} --------------------------------------------------- In [Fig 3A](#pone.0169199.g003){ref-type="fig"}, we found that influenza virus activity was synchronized across age groups throughout the whole study period. The figure showed that consistent peak patterns were observed for the epidemic peak times of ILI among the three groups, especially for three obvious peaks in years 2013--2015. The composite epidemic pattern was also remarkably similar in the waves for the age groups 0--5, 5--15, and 25--60. One noticeable distinction between the curves of ages 0--5 and 5--15 and that of ages 25--60 during the pandemic in 2009--2011 was that the peak in the 5--15-year-old age group appeared much sharper than that of the adults of aged 25--60, and the influenza pandemic patterns appeared highly heterogeneous at each age scale. This phenomenon only appeared during the pandemic, but not in any other peak of the year, such as those in 2011 and 2013--2015. To compare the timing across various age groups, we calculated their phase angle difference for the annual cycle that was consistently observed throughout the study in [Fig 3B](#pone.0169199.g003){ref-type="fig"}. The 25--60 age group was found to follow the 0--5 group, with an average delay of 4.1 weeks, ranging from the delay of 2.0 to 6.4 weeks, and to follow the 5--15 group, with an average delay of 1.1 weeks, ranging from 1.0 week ahead to 3.9 weeks' delay. ![Association between weekly percentage of ILI consultations in the Age 0--5, 5--15 and Age 25--60 groups.\ (A) Age-specific normalized weekly ILI time series for Ages 0--5 (red), Ages 5--15 (green), and Ages 25--60 (black); (B) Phase differences between Ages 0--5 and Ages 25--60 (red dashed lines) and between Ages 5--15 and Ages 25--60 (green dashed lines).](pone.0169199.g003){#pone.0169199.g003} Discussion {#sec010} ========== Influenza epidemics in temperate latitudes are usually characterized by the dominance of influenza B or one of two subtypes of influenza A, A/H3N2 or A/H1N1. Goldstein et al. \[[@pone.0169199.ref026]\] found that the epidemic sizes of influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and B infections varied from year to year in temperate regions and discovered that type A was the most virulent of the three types of influenza virus and was associated with seasonal epidemics in temperate regions. Rambaut et al. \[[@pone.0169199.ref027]\] confirmed that the epidemiological data on influenza A demonstrated an inconsistent seasonal pattern of influenza virus infection across years, with high activity during the winter. As shown in [Fig 1A](#pone.0169199.g001){ref-type="fig"}, the shape of the epidemic curve in Beijing was irregular when compared to the typical epidemic curve described by epidemic models, which raised unique challenges. Unlike in most temperate regions \[[@pone.0169199.ref028], [@pone.0169199.ref029]\] the influenza circulation in Beijing presented a less well-defined seasonality when compared with developed countries. One possible reason for this finding is that our study started around the period of the influenza pandemic when the appearance of H1N1pdm09 interrupted the regular variations of influenza A and this might have lasted for several years. The laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza B, however, turned out to be seasonal in the post-pandemic period, possibly because they were less influenced by the pandemic. Annual cycles were observed in both the laboratory-confirmed influenza and ILI activity data, and both disease indicators were highly synchronous for most of the study period. Peak timing provides a complementary measure of synchrony between influenza surveillance systems. Yang et al. \[[@pone.0169199.ref030]\] mentioned that although the weekly percentage of laboratory-confirmed influenza specimens appeared to be temporally representative of the level of influenza activity at the community level, this was not the case during the 2009 pandemic, when laboratory practices varied in response to the public health needs. During the pandemic period, clinical and laboratory testing procedures varied in response to public health and clinical needs and laboratory capacity, and thus the detection rates were not constant over this period. We showed that the percentages of ILI consultations were in synchrony with laboratory surveillance findings in the period of the pandemic and therefore can be adopted as a reliable indicator of influenza epidemics during special periods. In our study, during both the pandemic period and peak timing from 2008--2015, laboratory surveillance and clinical surveillance data showed high retrospective correlation in capturing season-to-season epidemic timing and magnitude. However, we noticed that from 2008 to early 2011, these data sources were not exactly synchronous, and thus significant phase differences were captured by wavelet analysis. Yang et al. \[[@pone.0169199.ref030]\] stated that other common respiratory viruses had no obvious epidemic peaks and were delayed during the pandemic of A/H1N1 2009 pandemic. Additionally, competition and interference between influenza A viruses and other respiratory viruses existed. Therefore, we suspected that other viruses were active during the period, which could lead to clinical surveillance being less specific to influenza. Although laboratory data are considered to be more rigorous and accurate than clinical data, the surveillance system was constructed only since 2007 in China \[[@pone.0169199.ref005]\] and therefore limits the length of time series we can obtain so far. Further research is required to determine which time series can be trusted to demonstrate and predict influenza activity in Beijing. Past work suggested there was essentially no lead between reference laboratory surveillance system and ILI cases in Hong Kong in 2009 \[[@pone.0169199.ref006]\]. Other published studies have indicated that ILI surveillance was usually 2--3 weeks ahead of laboratory surveillance in public health practices \[[@pone.0169199.ref002], [@pone.0169199.ref031]\]. Our findings regarding surveillance data in Beijing are consistent with these studies, and thus support that clinical ILI consultation rates could be a reliable and timely indicator of changes in influenza virus activities in Beijing, a city with temperate climate. The detection of the coherence between the confirmed influenza cases and ILI can be applied to other temperate regions to provide insights into the seasonality of influenza viruses in temperate regions. Meanwhile, laboratory confirmation will likely play an increasingly important role in the development of better methods of early detection and summary measures of influenza activity in key times. Our study provides certain evidence of the seasonality and periodicity of both surveillance and clinical data, such as the local features of a single time series and the local coherence between two time series. In practice, when ILI is consistently detected ahead of laboratory-confirmed cases, it can bring up an early warning for influenza epidemic, for susceptive populations to improve their self-protection, and for the government to allocate medical resources timely. These results will need to be verified by future research with access to greater number of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases. It is hoped that the size of laboratory samples can be increased to provide better evidence to facilitate the surveillance of both clinical and laboratory samples, both of which can be of great use in public influenza activity prediction. When divided by age groups, clinically-diagnosed ILI indicators accurately capture weekly fluctuations in influenza activity during inter-pandemic and pandemic seasons and can be utilized to assess the effects of age on trends in epidemic activity. Using wavelet coherence analysis to compare these time series, we did not observe large differences in susceptibility from season to season. In the pandemic of 2009, the peak of the ILI wave for age 5--15 was extremely high for two possible reasons. The weak immune system of teenagers may not have been able to resist the substantial threats presented by new viruses. Additionally, schoolchildren had few ways to avoid cross-infections because classes were suspended for only a short period of time. The main limitation of the approach we used to study influenza epidemics is that we need to be cautious when interpreting distinctions because it is hard to determine whether it was the epidemic activities among school children that drove the pandemic after 2009 or whether the pandemic itself acted as a major destructive effect on school children in the following two years. Slight but consistent age-specific differences became apparent after identifying phase difference. We found that the peaks of influenza-like illness in the time series of groups aged 0--5 and 5--15 consistently appeared ahead of those of adults, implying the possibility that schoolchildren may lead epidemic fluctuations of clinical ILI consultations. Further research is needed to confirm this subtle difference. Beyond the analysis presented here, it is plausible that a thorough understanding of age-specific driving forces of seasonal epidemics will require additional long-term data from other temperate regions. Supporting Information {#sec011} ====================== ###### Weekly data of Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 2008--2015. (XLS) ###### Click here for additional data file. [^1]: Competing Interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. [^2]: Conceptualization: ZW XS XW XZ.Data curation: ZW XS XZ.Formal analysis: XZ XW GQ.Funding acquisition: X
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The France worldwide, who was targeted by the Gunners on transfer deadline day last summer, was expected to leave the Ligue 1 side at the end of the season. The last of these bids came on the final day of the transfer window, when Arsenal had agreed a deal to send soon-to-be out of contract attacker Alexis Sanchez to Manchester City. The two players have some history between them, going back to 2015 when in a match against Stan Wawrinka, Kyrgios told the Swiss star that fellow Australian Thanasi Kokkinakis had slept with his girlfriend. "From then on, I felt pretty in control of the match". So, I feel pretty good. It was a professional curiosity. 'The more the load, the more movement given, the better it gets, ' he said. The loss of Evans from the sinking ship this month would only serve to emphasis the belief that West Brom are heading to the foot of the seabed fast. The player also brings years of experience in the Premier League , and is adept at playing in a back-three as well as a traditional back-four. Conte also spoke of Barkley's versatility, but insisted it was important the player understands his role tactically before he is selected in Chelsea's first team. But it's a very exciting signing and for the money, it has to be a bargain. Langley cautioned that Barkley will need game time to get up to speed, potentially in the Under-23s, but he is excited about what the 24-year-old can bring to the party at Chelsea . It took an all-time great quarterback in Florida's Tim Tebow having an all-time great fourth quarter to beat Alabama in the 2008 SEC Championship Game. The Dawgs have the firepower with one of the nation's most dynamic two-pronged rushing attacks that consists of Nick Chubb and Sony Michel. Quavo then got back to business and made yet another in-person appearance at Georgia's Rose Bowl game against Oklahoma in California. Tagovailoa has already impressed this season, completing 35 of 53 passes for 470 yards, eight touchdowns and one interception. The play came after a insane sequence where Alabama's kicker Andy Pappanastos missed a 36-yard field goal at the end of regulation that would've given Alabama the win. Meanwhile over in Kansas City , Missouri, if you're a Chiefs ' fan and looking for some good news, this is about the best we can do: Saturday's 22-21 playoff loss to the Titans wasn't the worst in the Andy Reid era, CBSSports.com writes . He last coached with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 2002 to 2008. Penn is so sure that Gruden is going to turn around an Oakland squad that finished with a disappointing 6-10 record this season that he guaranteed he'd be preparing for a Divisional Round playoff game at this time next year. Britain's Andy Murray has had hip surgery in Australia and is hoping to return to competitive tennis for this year's grass court season. The Brit hopes to return to tennis in time for the grass-court season but will definitely be playing it safe by seeing how he feels before he returns. Most of the complaints are from people who said they bought an item from the Big Baller website in November and December, and that they were charged for their orders even though that item or items have failed to show up. "I have been waiting 6 weeks now, and when I asked why it was taking so long, I was called a 'small baller.' At this point I believe they have chose to steal my money". But sources said Wani was active during the recent student elections at the university. "The university will conduct surprise checks in hostels at night to ensure that no external elements, including expelled students, are taking shelter", said Khan. The 2014 first-round National Football League draft pick only made eight career starts for the Cleveland Browns , producing a 74.4 quarterback rating and a 2-6 record. Former Texas A&M star QB Johnny Manziel teased a comeback on his Instagram page late Saturday night, and now it appears he's taking steps toward returning to a football field. And then he would demand a trade to the Lakers, which as we are seeing now is quite possibly the worst possible thing that could have happened for him, his son and the team. LaVar Ball has an explanation for the Lakers' slump. Ball put up a solid stat line against the Hawks, with 13 points, ten rebounds and six assists. Manchester City and Arsenal are negotiating the transfer of Alexis Sanchez , Goal can confirm. According to Evening Standard , Gunners boss Arsene Wenger could sanction the sale of Sanchez during the transfer window with the Chilean seemingly reluctant to pen term over a proposed extension beyond the summer. But the Panthers' announced Newton instead was tested for a concussion in the blue sideline tent, cleared and permitted to return to the game. - after missing only one play. But he's made a special exception this year for Kalil; he also thanked the veteran tackle for allowing him to get a sack in the first meeting against the Panthers.Air Force FST saves service members’ lives Staff Sgt. Stephenie Wade Master Sgt. Ovendalin Brown, 56th Medical Support Squadron medical technician, sets up X-ray equipment in the emergency room Aug. 25 on Forward Operating Base Ghazni. When Brown is not in the ER treating patients, he is in charge of the 24-Airman team. FORWARD OPERATING BASE GHAZNI, Afghanistan — The phone rings and a medic answers. It’s a service member ready to give a nine-line report. There’s been a rocket attack resulting in several injuries. The medics quickly prepare for the incoming patients. All over Afghanistan, service members are deployed to forward operating bases as they continue their mission to train and assist Afghan forces. Currently, a team of 24 Airmen with a range of medical specialties are deployed to FOB Ghazni as the only Air Force Forward Surgical Team in Afghanistan. On FOB Ghazni, there are two medical facilities to treat trauma patients, the Polish field hospital and an Air Force FST. Both hospitals provide care 24/7 to U.S. service members and coalition forces. The Polish hospital is a fully equipped hospital and can keep patients overnight if need be, while the FST is a role two facility specializing in stabilizing patients in order to facilitate their travel to a higher level of care. “We are not the only ones on the FOB so we have made relationships with other service members on the base,” said Maj. Jared Mort, FST chief nurse deployed from Keesler Air Force Base, Miss. “For example, recently there was a mass casualty event on base. We sent out a call for help and within in seconds people were coming out to lend a hand. Rarely do we get trauma patients in the middle of the night, but we have to be ready to provide care to our troops at all times.” Mort is in charge of managing the nursing services to include making schedules, ensuring equipment works and everyone is in the right place at the right time to provide the best care they can. The Ghazni FST is comprised of anesthesiologists, general surgeons, an orthopedic surgeon, nurses and medical technicians. The most common cases seen at the FST are penetrating trauma injuries from gunshots, wounds from improvised explosive devices and injuries from vehicular accidents. “I also manage the trauma triage process,” said Mort, a native of Beavercreek, Ohio. “We are the first medical care a trauma patient will receive. We have the capability to provide life-saving treatments such as general/orthopedic trauma surgery, treating chest or abdominal wounds and vascular injuries. When there are a large amount of patients, the team wants to make sure they are treating the most severe patients first, then the walking and talking.” The triage process here consists of doing an initial assessment and treatment prior to patients entering the emergency room. After the patients are brought into the four-bed ER, medics either treat and stabilize or prepare the patient for surgery in the operating room. Once stabilized the team’s job is to maintain treatment until the patient is transported to Bagram or Kabul for a higher level of care. The Ghazni FST is not designed or equipped to treat patients over a long period of time. The team also alternates days with the Polish hospital to treat the local Afghans including the Afghan National Police, Afghan National Army and occasionally the local population. “We get a call from the Ghazni hospital to treat patients if the off-base hospital does not have the capability to,” said Master Sgt. Ovendalin Brown, 56th Medical Support Squadron deployed as a FST medical technician. Following the call, the transport team, comprised of a doctor, four technicians and an interpreter, will go to the gate in a field transport ambulance to pick up the patient. “At the gate, the provider will assess and triage the patient,” said Ovendalin, a native of San Jose, Calif. “Pending the patient’s situation and doctor’s recommendation, the patient will be transported to the FST for care.” Staff Sgt. Adriana Almeida, a scrub technician deployed Eglin Air Force Base, Fla., is one of the first responders to gate calls. “We will have three people
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10, 846, 41234, 26877, 40573, 970, 2494, 22354, 437, 3254, 285, 247, 2840, 14, 12710, 2014, 14, 29371, 12281, 24848, 313, 47936, 4587, 6611, 272, 27913, 3951, 1311, 1630, 8562, 36686, 18177, 20024, 313, 50, 14135, 10, 1783, 273, 253, 40573, 21238, 285, 2728, 21903, 4859, 767, 20024, 327, 15406, 337, 313, 1779, 83, 18, 10, 285, 15406, 818, 313, 1779, 83, 24 ]	Also, I’ve included both a color version and a black and white version to meet all your printing needs. Great way to help students keep track of characters and to provide them with definitions of new words as they read! CHECK OUT THE PREVIEW FILE AND RECEIVE A FREE EDITION OF BOOKMARKS PLUS! Middle school editions of BOOKMARKS PLUS: * Across Five Aprils * Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl * Anne Frank Remembered * As I Lay Dying * The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman * Bearstone * The Black Pearl * The Boy in the Striped Pajamas * Chasing Vermeer * Divergent * Dragonwings * Ender’s Game * Farewell to Manzanar * The Giver * The Glory Field * Good Masters! Sweet Ladies! * Heroes * The Hunger Games * Johnny Tremain * Kira, Kira * The Light in the Forest * The Lightning Thief * My Brother Sam Is Dead * My Side of the Mountain * Nothing But the Truth * Out of My Mind * The Outsiders—FREE! * The Pearl * The Pigman * Riding Freedom * Romeo and Juliet * The Slave Dancer * Stargirl * The Summer of the Swans * Tears of a Tiger * That Was Then, This Is Now * There’s a Girl in My Hammerlock * Touching Spirit Bear * The Witch of Blackbird Pond * Walk Two Moons * Wonder Don't see a bookmark for your favorite title? Contact me through TPT, and I’ll create one for you. I am always open to creating new titles! Also, please note that if you alert me of a mistake on one of my products, you’ll receive another product for the same title for free. Check out my 100s of fun and challenging products based on most-taught literature at my store! While you’re there, take a look at my new line of products, LOOKING GOOD ON PAPER—great writing lessons geared toward middle school and high school and based on my years in the “trenches!” Many of the skills my LGOP products focus on are barely touched upon in writing textbooks but are so important to good writing. For this item, the cost for one user (you) is $1.75. If you plan to share this product with other teachers in your school, please add the number of additional users licenses that you need to purchase. Each additional license costs only $0.88.Q: Tap button to copy text? How do I implement my app to copy a certain set of text for Windows Phone 8 when I tap a button? E.g. tap this button to copy a sms template Something like that I want to copy text from the app itself A: Check this tutorial about copying text to Windows Phone 8 clipboard Extras from it - assuming selectedText is text to copy: DataPackage d = new DataPackage(); d.SetText(selectedText); Clipboard.SetContent(d); Payback (2012 film) Payback is a 2012 documentary film from Jennifer Baichwal based on Margaret Atwood's Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth, which investigates the concept of debt in societies across the world (and not only on a monetary level). As a Canadian, Baichwal was quite familiar with Atwood's reputation: A number of prominent intellectuals provide commentary, including economist and writer Raj Patel, ecologist William E. Rees, historian of religions Karen Armstrong, and former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour. The film is produced by Ravida Din for the National Film Board of Canada. It premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. Payback is distributed by Zeitgeist Films, which also distributed Baichwal's previous works Act of God and Manufactured Landscapes. The film is being distributed in Canada by Mongrel Media, beginning March 2012. See also Margaret Atwood: Once in August, a 1984 National Film Board documentary about Atwood. References External links Q&A with Baichwal in Salt Lake Tribune Scott, A. O., "Why the World’s Debt Is About More Than Money", New York Times review. "[T]ries to show how debt extends far beyond the domain of money", per Times. Category:2012 films Category:Documentary films about economics Category:2010s documentary films Category:Canadian films Category:Canadian documentary films Category:National Film Board of Canada documentaries Category:Films based on works by Margaret Atwood Category:Works about debt Category:Films directed by Jennifer Baichwal Category:Massey LecturesIntroduction {#Sec1} ============ Malaria is a fatal disease responsible for \~ 429,000 deaths globally in 2015^[@CR1]^. Clinical symptoms are manifested during the erythrocytic stages that have been studied extensively to understand host immune responses and molecular mechanisms of the disease. As a result of factors that are difficult to control in clinical settings, such as variation in host and parasite genetic backgrounds, mixed-strain infections, co-infection with other pathogens, and the timing of infection, a number of mouse malaria models have been developed for studying host responses and for testing candidate antimalarial drugs and vaccines. The use of inbred mice and cloned malaria parasites enables control of host and parasite genetic backgrounds, and infections of mice can be performed in a controlled environment, although the results obtained from studies of rodent malaria parasites need to be verified by data from human malaria infections. The genetic backgrounds of both host and parasite can greatly influence malaria disease severity. A broad spectrum of host responses, including different parasite growth patterns and host mortality, was detected when 25 inbred mouse strains were infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS parasite^[@CR2]^. On the other hand, infections with different parasite strains, including those with almost identical genomes (isogenic), often lead to different disease phenotypes. For example, BALB/c mice infected with the parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XL (or YM) die within 7 days of infection (p.i.), whereas mice infected with its isogenic strain P. y. yoelii 17XNL recover from infection^[@CR3],\ [@CR4]^. Infection with isogenic parasites P. y. nigeriensis N67 (N67) and P. y. nigeriensis N67C (N67C) also results in differences in parasitemia, tissue pathology, and host mortality^[@CR5]^. C57BL/6 mice infected with N67C die 7 days after inoculation with 1 × 10^6^ infected red blood cells (iRBC), whereas mice infected with N67 survive for more than 15 days with parasitemia declining to below 5--10% on day 7. Similarly, the isogenic parasites P. berghei ANKA and P. berghei NK65 produce different disease phenotypes; P. b. ANKA infection leads to neurologic symptoms and is considered a model of human cerebral malaria, whereas mice infected with P. b. NK65 do not have any neurological symptoms^[@CR6],\ [@CR7]^. These studies demonstrate that both host and parasite genetics are important in disease manifestation, and these variations provide important disease models for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying disease phenotypes. Host immune responses are critical for the control of parasite multiplication and disease severity^[@CR8],\ [@CR9]^. Macrophage-mediated killing seems to be important in the early stages of P. yoelii infection in mice^[@CR10],\ [@CR11]^. At a molecular level, Toll-like receptors, CD36, Nalp3, and other molecules have been shown to have an important function in host innate responses against malaria parasites through the recognition of parasite-specific molecules^[@CR9],\ [@CR12]--[@CR15]^. Type 1 interferon responses mediated by cytosolic sensor MDA-5 have been shown to be activated during P. yoelii and P. berghei infections, resulting in the control of parasitemia during early phases of infection^[@CR5],\ [@CR16],\ [@CR17]^. However, high levels of type 1 and 2 interferons may contribute to severe disease and host death, given that Ifnar1 ^−/−^ mice are more resistant to experimental cerebral malaria after P. berghei ANKA infection^[@CR18]--[@CR20]^. Many other parasite molecules and proteins have been shown to modulate host immune responses through interactions with specific host receptors, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids^[@CR12],\ [@CR21]--[@CR26]^. To investigate the molecular basis of malaria pathogenesis, here we genetically cross two lethal P. yoelii parasites, N67 that kills the host \~15 days p.i., and YM that kills the host in 7 days, probably due to destruction of RBCs. We obtain 43 independent recombinant progenies (IRPs) after genotyping cloned progeny using microsatellites and a custom-made single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-typing microarray^[@CR27]^. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the progeny genotypes and disease phenotypes links two loci on chromosome 1 (Chr1) and chromosome 7 (Chr7
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52, 50258, 36, 11899, 53, 13, 3436, 1549 ]	19730-DiMatteo1]. The model of the SUB kinase domain resembles a standard kinase structure with the smaller N-terminal and the bigger C-terminal lobes and shows no obvious structural peculiarities ([Figure 1C](#pone-0019730-g001){ref-type="fig"}, [Figure S1](#pone.0019730.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) [@pone.0019730-Huse1], [@pone.0019730-Nolen1]. Identification and analysis of novel sub alleles {#s2b} -------------------------------------------------- In previous work we identified five EMS-induced sub alleles (sub-1 to sub-5) in different forward genetic screens using Ler as a background [@pone.0019730-Chevalier1], [@pone.0019730-Schneitz1] ([Figure 2A](#pone-0019730-g002){ref-type="fig"}, [Table 1](#pone-0019730-t001){ref-type="table"}, [Figure S1](#pone.0019730.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). We also scanned public T-DNA collections and identified four insertions in SUB in either Col (sub-6, sub-7, sub-9) or Ws-2 (sub-8) background ([Figure 2B](#pone-0019730-g002){ref-type="fig"}). One line (sub-7) had a complex T-DNA integration pattern and was not analyzed further. To further elucidate structure-function relations of SUB additional EMS-induced alleles were identified in the Col er-105 background using targeted-induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) [@pone.0019730-Till1], in conjunction with the Seattle Arabidopsis TILLING facility (<http://tilling.fhcrc.org/files/Welcome_to_ATP.html>) [@pone.0019730-Till2]. A total of 26 lines with altered nucleotides in the SUB locus were identified. Of these 26 mutations 8 were located in introns and 7 were silent mutations (not shown). This left 11 mutations, named sub-10 to sub-20, which resided in exons and were predicted to cause amino acid alterations in the SUB protein ([Figure 2](#pone-0019730-g002){ref-type="fig"}, [Table 1](#pone-0019730-t001){ref-type="table"}, [Figure S1](#pone.0019730.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Interestingly, only three of these alleles resulted in a sub phenotype (sub-10 (C57Y), sub-15 (P304L), and sub-19 (S545F)) ([Figure 3](#pone-0019730-g003){ref-type="fig"}). All EMS or T-DNA-induced sub alleles showing a mutant phenotype (phenotypic alleles) behaved recessively and segregated in a Mendelian fashion (not shown). ![Molecular nature of mutations affecting SUB and homology models of mutant SUB variants.\ (A,B) Position of different SUB alleles. Phenotypic mutations are listed above the protein and depicted in red while aphenotypic mutations are listed below the protein. (A) EMS-induced point mutations. Stars denote premature stops. (B) T-DNA insertions. Dashes denote artificial amino acids (see also [Table 1](#pone-0019730-t001){ref-type="table"}). Length of SUB protein: 768 amino acids. (C--F) Homology models of SUB variants. (C, D) SUB-domain plus leucine-rich repeats. Residues affected by mutation are highlighted. (C) Wild-type. The SUB-domain is indicated by the orange color. The imperfect CxWxGVxC motif is highlighted in red. Individual LRRs are marked by respective colors as in [Figure 1B](#pone-0019730-g001){ref-type="fig"}. (D) Overlay of wild-type and two mutant models. Focus resides on the region encompassing the SUB-domain and the first leucine-rich repeat. (E, F) Kinase domain. (E) Wild-type. Different colors arbitrarily denote distinct secondary structures to aid in visualization. (F) Overlay of wild-type and two mutant models. Focus is on the region encompassing the G-loop and the αC helix. The arrow marks the predicted structural variation in the loop that connects the β3 sheet with the αC helix. (G) Upper panel: position of different natural variation alleles. Lower panel: the T595 and E667 residues affected residues in the STRUBBELIG kinase domain are marked in the kinase domain homology model. The R599 residue mutated in sub-4 is highlighted for orientation. Different colors arbitrarily denote distinct secondary structures to aid in visualization.](pone.0019730.g002){#pone-0019730-g002} ![Comparative analysis of the sub-10, sub-15 and sub-19 phenotypes.\ Flower morphology and stem and silique shape. (A) Wild type (Ler). (B) sub-1. (C) sub-10. Siliques are a bit shorter compared to sub-1. (D) sub-15. Stem twisting is not quite as strong as in sub-1. (E) sub-19. Resembles sub-1. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.](pone.0019730.g003){#pone-0019730-g003} 10.1371/journal.pone.0019730.t001 ###### Summary of sub alleles. ![](pone.0019730.t001){#pone-0019730-t001-1} Allele Mutagen Mutation[\#](#nt103){ref-type="table-fn"} AA change Background ------------------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ -------------- sub-1 [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS G\>A, 999 S121[\--\](#nt105){ref-type="table-fn"} Ler* sub-2 [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS G\>A, 2157 W337[\](#nt104){ref-type="table-fn"} Ler* sub-3 [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS G\>A, 567 V64M Ler sub-4 [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 3127 R599C Ler sub-5 [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 2008 Q288[\](#nt104){ref-type="table-fn"} Ler* sub-6, SALK_086357 T-DNA 839/LB (intron 3) M98[\](#nt104){ref-type="table-fn"} Col sub-7, GK-562F05-021689 T-DNA complex insertion N.D. Col sub-8, Wisconsin, T28P6.18 T-DNA 3478/LB P664[\--\](#nt105){ref-type="table-fn"} Ws-2 sub-9, GARLIC_1158_D09 T-DNA 1548/LB Q195[\--\](#nt105){ref-type="table-fn"} Col sub-10* EMS G\>A, 547 C57Y Col er-105 sub-11 [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 583 S69L Col er-105 sub-12 [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 1728 S222L Col er-105 sub-13 [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 1916 P258L Col er-105 sub-14 [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 1960 P272S Col er-105 sub-15 EMS C\>T, 2057 P304L Col er-105 sub-16 [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS G\>A, 2215 G357S Col er-105 sub-17 [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 2639 S466L Col er-105 sub-18 [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 2660
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12153, 25097, 253, 878, 323, 6485, 6206, 285, 253, 6485, 434, 23820, 5100, 271, 15040, 275, 253, 2170, 285, 253, 3082, 7091, 15, 7243, 841, 2616, 403, 4232, 13, 253, 1941, 310, 22961, 285, 253, 4984, 310, 1669, 281, 1347, 697, 1159, 273, 18005, 253 ]	when the laboratory staff discredited their results by describing improper care for the sample. Here, however, the parties do not dispute whether the scientific test was reliableall agree that AIT's test results are scientifically reliable "for the purpose of which it was intended." Appellant's [sic] App. at 456. The dispute, on which conflicting designated evidence was provided, is over what precise purpose AIT tested the materials, and to some extent whether the test results may also be reliable as to other data produced by the test. On one hand, Dr. Evans agreed at a deposition that the Coroner "wanted to know what the concentration of the medication was in the bottle." Id. at 457. Based on this statement and others, Plaintiffs and their experts point to the AIT test results as evidence of super-potency of the Promethazine Syrup Plain, and draw a direct causal link to Alexis's death. On the other 699 hand, Defendants direct us to other parts of Dr. Evans's deposition testimony in which he explains that AIT's tests were not intended to determine the concentration of the medicine. The discussion at oral argument confirmed the lack of designated evidence regarding whether AIT's test results reporting the concentration of the medicinepurpose of the test aside is scientifically reliable. This dispute over the purpose of AIT's testing and the degree to which results may be reliable beyond AIT's original intention is a factual dispute that differs in kind from the dispute in Hagerman. It is properly the role of a fact-finder to determine Dr. Evans's and AIT's intentions and actions. Consequently, because Dr. Evans's deposition testimony does not render the AIT test results inadmissible and does not significantly undercut the reliability or admissibility of other experts relying on the AIT test results, there is ample designated evidence to support Plaintiffs' contention that the Promethazine Syrup Plain caused or was at least a significant contributing factor to Alexis's death. This includes the report of Dr. Hunsaker and opinion of Dr. Blume. Therefore, even if we did not consider the opinions of Drs. Loeb, Kulig, and Nichols, and considered the NMS test results and the opinions of Vickery and Dr. Barbieri as persuasive evidence negating causation, we are left with conflicting evidence and a genuine issue of material fact. Sharply conflicting designated evidence exists as to whether the Promethazine Syrup Plain manufactured by MGP and distributed by CVS contributed to Alexis's death. This case is anything but plain and indisputable, thus, summary judgment is inappropriate. V. Cross-Appeal We next address Defendants' issues on cross-appeal because we reverse the trial court's order granting summary judgment to Defendants. On cross-appeal, Defendants contest the trial court's denial of their motion to exclude the expert opinions of Dr. Kulig and Dr. Nichols because Defendants' challenges were aimed at the weight and not admissibility of the experts' opinions. The following principles guide our review of this issue: The decision to admit or exclude evidence lies within the sound discretion of the trial court. The trial court's determination is afforded great discretion [sic] on appeal. To that end, we will not reverse the trial court's decision absent a showing of manifest abuse of discretion. An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court's decision is against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it. Affidavits in support of or in opposition to a motion for summary judgment are governed by Indiana Trial Rule 56(E), which provides, in relevant part: "Supporting and opposing affidavits shall be made on personal knowledge, shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated therein." The requirements of T.R. 56(E) are mandatory; hence, a court considering a motion for summary judgment should disregard inadmissible information contained in supporting or opposing affidavits. Further, the party offering the affidavit into evidence bears the burden of establishing its admissibility. City of Gary v. McCrady, 851 N.E.2d 359, 363 (Ind.Ct.App.2006) (citations omitted). Defendants argue the opinions by Drs. Kulig and Nichols are inadmissible because they do not agree with each other, and are therefore unreliable. But for the same reason that a disagreement of opinion 700 with Defendants' experts is an improper basis for excluding the opinions of Plaintiffs' experts, a disagreement of opinion (to the extent one exists) among Plaintiffs' experts is an improper basis for excluding the opinion of one or more of them. In Saliba v. State, 475 N.E.2d 1181 (Ind.Ct.App.1985), trans. denied, this court reviewed whether a trial court erred in excluding the criminal defendant's expert opinion regarding an opinion poll he took, after an expert of the State testified to his view of flaws in how the poll was conducted. We noted that expert opinion cannot be excluded for merely technical inadequacies, and concluded that the trial court erred in excluding the defendant's expert. Id. at 1190. Although the experts in Saliba did not testify in support of the same party, so the trial court's error may seem more obvious than here, the following explanation from Saliba in the context of the experts' disagreement as to proper methodology is analogous to the issue here. There are doubtless many formulas and principles which experts use in this field or any other to arrive at their ultimate opinions. The determination of which factors, formulas or calculations are necessary... to form an expert opinion is within the knowledge and judgment of the expert and, again, is a subject which can be approached and examined in the cross-examination or by bringing forward other expert witnesses. Id. at 1189 (quoting Martin v. Roberts, 464 N.E.2d 896 (Ind.1984)) (emphasis original to Saliba) (citation omitted). This court then stated: It is not the trial court's function to dispute the validity of an opinion rendered by a competent and qualified expert. Once the basis for an expert's opinion is established, ... the effect of objections or competing expert testimony is restricted to the weight attributed to the opinion by the fact-finder. Id. The disagreement that Defendants highlight is that Drs. Kulig and Nichols hold different theories on how promethazine caused Alexis's death. This is immaterial at the summary judgment stage, as is Defendants' claim that Drs. Kulig and Nichols "employ backward reasoning" in arriving at the same conclusion. Appellees/Cross-Appellants' Br. at 29. Defendants next contend the opinions of Drs. Kulig and Nichols are unreliable and inadmissible because the data upon which they relythe AIT test resultsare unreliable. However, the AIT test results were only part of the basis for the opinions of Drs. Kulig and Nichols, and even if the AIT test results are inadmissible, experts may base their opinions on inadmissible evidence. See Evid. R. 703. Defendants argue that Plaintiffs' experts "should be precluded from offering any opinions that have AIT's test results as their foundation (or the Autopsy Report as it is based on the AIT test results)[.]" Appellees/Cross Appellants' Br. at 33. Evidence Rule 703 precludes this general exclusion of expert opinions based on arguably inadmissible evidence. Defendants next argue Dr. Kulig is not qualified to testify as an expert that the Promethazine Syrup Plain at issue was super-potent because he appeared relatively unfamiliar with AIT testing procedures. But Dr. Kulig was not called on to critique AIT's testing procedures; his opinion refers to Alexis's cause of death, for which he relied in part on AIT's test results. Dr. Kulig's unfamiliarity with various laboratory testing procedures is irrelevant to his expertise in evaluating test results, and therefore does not render him unqualified *701 to testify as an expert regarding Alexis's cause of death. Defendants then piece together portions of Dr. Kulig's testimony to emphasize the presumptions and estimates in his opinion. Dr. Kulig admitted he made estimates for the purpose of demonstrating in simplified terms his conclusion that Alexis received a super-potent dosage of promethazine. Although his testimony is somewhat confusing, Dr. Kulig appears to contend that AIT's test results of extraordinarily high levels of promethazine are not so unreasonable that they must be dismissed out of hand (a position he presumes Defendants take). He bases this contention on his estimates and calculations that are not intended to determine the specific level of concentration, but to demonstrate that the AIT results are within the realm of the scientifically accurate. So long as the trial court agrees with Dr. Kulig that his assessment is beyond the knowledge of the average lay person, that it will aid the trier of fact in understanding the evidence, and that the scientific principles upon which he bases his estimates and calculations are reliable, then the trial court may allow Dr. Kulig's opinion. See Evid. R. 702. Defendants also challenge Dr. Kulig's calculations that account for post-mortem redistribution, but this argument also focuses on the weight and not admissibility of his opinion. The same goes for Defendants' challenges to Dr. Kulig's opinion as to causation because he did not rule out other possible causes of death. [T]he admissibility of a[n] [expert]'s testimony should not be determined by examining the level of certainty in his opinions since the court would be invading the province of the jury. Rather, the expert's opinion is admissible if a proper foundation establishes the need for expert testimony and the expert's credentials establish an expertise in the area and the methods employed. Once these factors are established, the evidence is admissible and the jury is left to perform its function of assessing the
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2550, 320, 2218, 1293, 4465, 12220, 15, 7820, 352, 588, 320, 3309, 281, 1485, 249, 5034, 14949, 285, 10486, 1142, 23493, 265, 13, 285, 1309, 253, 7467, 273, 253, 1485, 249, 3328, 253, 26126 ]	to the Central Construction Office on February 12, 1943, confirming, among other things, "two electric lifts for hoisting corpses and one temporary lift for corpses" and a letter from the Central Construction Office to Topf dated August 21, 1942, dealing with the construction of ovens near the "Bathhouses for Special Actions." The Soviet Report did not mention the letter of June 28, 1943. But we know that the Soviet State Extraordinary Commission for the Investigation of Fascist and Nazi Crimes did know about this document: the Moscow copy of this document is accompanied by a Russian translation made by a person identified as "Wolynskaja." This translation is dated April 28, 1945. Why would the Soviets forge a document and then suppress it? The second question is whether the figures are right. In his discussion of this document, Stäglich rejected it out of hand. "The sheer punctiliousness of the accounting—right down to the very last corpse—is suspicious, for cremation is a complicated technical process, involving so many variables that the incineration capacity of a crematorium is not always the same." Be that as it may, the way Bischoff came to his numbers is not difficult to establish. Crematoria 2 and 3 each had 15 muffles, and it is clear that Bischoff established a capacity of 1,440 corpses per day on the assumption that each muffle could reduce 96 corpses per day, or 4 corpses per muffle per hour. Crematoria 4 and 5 each had 8 muffles, and with a capacity of 96 corpses per muffle per day, Bischoff arrived at a figure of 768 corpses per crematorium. The old crematorium had a lower capacity of 57 corpses per muffle per day because the ovens were of an older design and construction. Of course, these numbers are averages and included downtime for cleaning and so on. The question is now if Auschwitz Crematoria 2, 3, 4, and 5 could have incinerated four corpses per muffle per hour. If one followed normal civilian practice, _in which it is absolutely essential to preserve the identity of the remains from the beginning of incineration to the final gathering of the ashes_ , Bischoff's figures would indeed be absurd. It would be impossible to insert a body in the muffle, cremate it, and remove the remaining bones and ashes within fifteen minutes. But the situation changes radically when the identity of the remains ceases to be important. First of all, if the size of the muffle permits, it becomes possible to insert more than one corpse at the same time. Furthermore, it becomes feasible to create something of a continuous process, in which, after initial heating of the incinerators, the burner can be turned off, thus making full use of the phenomenon that at the right temperature the body will combust and consume itself without any further application of an external source of energy. In his testimony, Tauber gave an extensive description of the incineration procedures and implicitly confirmed the validity of Bischoff's figures. According to him, each muffle in Crematorium 1 could incinerate five bodies. "At the time when I was working there, the incineration of such a charge took up to an hour and a half, because they were the bodies of very thin people, real skeletons, which burned very slowly." If we take Tauber's figures, it would take 17 hours to incinerate the 340 corpses mentioned in the letter of June 28, 1943. Tauber provided a very detailed account of the incineration procedure in Crematorium 2. As we have seen in Chapter 3, he discussed how the Sonderkommandos developed a whole science based on the observation that the incineration process for the corpses in the side muffles differed from that of the center muffle. The corpses of " _Müselmanns_ ," or of wasted people with no fat, burned rapidly in the side muffles and slowly in the center one. Conversely, the corpses of people gassed directly on arrival, because they were not wasted, burned better in the center muffle. "As the retort was almost 7' long, 2'8" wide and about 3'4" high, one could normally load it with four or five corpses. But sometimes we charged a greater number of corpses. It was possible to charge up to 8 ' _Müselmanns_.'" During the trial runs of the ovens of Crematorium 2, observers from the Political Section, representatives of the Berlin headquarters, and engineers from Topf timed the process. Each muffle was loaded with three corpses for the occasion. As soon as all the muffles of the five furnaces had been charged, the members of the commission began to observe the operation, watch in hand. They opened the muffle doors, looked at their watches, expressed surprise at the slowness of the cremation process. In view of the fact that the furnaces were not yet hot enough, even though we had been firing them since the morning, and because they were brand new, the incineration of this charge took about 40 minutes. _The ovens of Crematorium 2, shortly before their completion, January 1943. Courtesy Archive Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Oswiecim. (following pages)_ Tauber went on to explain that later on incineration became more efficient, and they could incinerate two loads per hour. In fact, the Sonderkommandos tried to overload the muffles, because this would allow them some free time. According to the regulations, we were supposed to charge the muffles every half hour. Ober Capo August explained to us that, according to the calculations and plans for this crematorium, 5 to 7 minutes was allowed to burn one corpse in a muffle. In principle, he did not let us put more than three corpses in one muffle. Because with that quantity we were obliged to work without interruption, for as soon as the last muffle was charged, the contents of the first had been consumed. In order to be able to take a pause during the work, we would charge 4 or 5 corpses in each muffle. The incineration of such a charge took longer, and after charging the last muffle, we had a few minutes' break until the first one was again available. We took advantage of this free time to wash the floor of the furnace room, as a result of which the air became a little cooler. According to Tauber's testimony, the incinerators of Crematorium 2 should have burned, according to the regulations, (15 × 2 × 3) = 90 bodies per hour. This would mean that the official daily capacity of 1,440 would be reached in 16 hours of operation (90 × 16 = 1,440). Höss confirmed Tauber's account. In 1946, he wrote while in Polish captivity that "the two large crematories were built in the winter of 1942–43 and brought into service in the spring of 1943." Each had five ovens with three doors [retorts] per oven and could cremate about two thousand bodies in less than twenty-four hours. Technical difficulties made it impossible to increase the capacity. Attempts to do this caused severe damage to the installations.... The two smaller crematories [4 and 5] were capable of burning about 1,500 bodies in twenty-four hours, according to the calculations made by the construction company called Topf of Erfurt. A few pages later, in a different context, Höss returned to the issue of the incineration capacity of the crematoria. Depending on the size of the bodies, up to three corpses could be put in through one oven door at the same time. The time required for cremation also depended on the number of bodies in each retort, but on average it took twenty minutes. As previously stated, Crematories 2 and 3 could cremate two thousand bodies in twenty-four hours, but a higher number was not possible without causing damage to the installations. Crematories 4 and 5 should have been able to cremate 1,500 bodies in twenty-four hours, but as far as I know this figure was never reached. A final indication that the testimony of Tauber and Höss may be trusted, and that the Topf ovens had a capacity in the range listed by Bischoff, can be found in the patent application T 58240 Kl. 24 for a "Continuous Operation Corpse Incineration Furnace for Intensive Use," filed by Topf on November 5, 1942. In the first paragraph, the application referred to the situation in the camps in the East. In the gathering camps in the occupied territories in the East with their high mortality rate, as they are affected by the war and its consequences, it has become impossible to bury the great number of deceased inmates. This is the result of both the lack of space and personnel and the immediate and longterm danger to that immediate and farther surroundings that is caused by the burial of the dead who often succumbed to infectious diseases. Therefore there is a need to quickly, safely and hygienically dispose of the constantly great number of corpses. In that process it will, of course, be impossible, to operate according to the legal stipulations that are valid in the territory of the Reich. Thus it will be impossible to reduce to ashes only one corpse at a time, and the process cannot be done without extra heating. Instead it will be necessary to incinerate continuously and simultaneously many corpses, and during the duration of the incineration the flames
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1345, 46851, 391, 3106, 4441, 1475, 253, 2846, 15, 1198, 271, 26893, 10106, 46851, 2793, 13, 1289, 504, 1475, 23662, 22618, 15894, 47323, 253, 10086, 9195, 13, 253, 13673, 314, 10654, 285, 7863, 9449, 5202, 15, 8229, 839, 387, 253, 391, 750, 7788, 512, 2952, 1048, 13, 285, 37931, 50115, 403, 2130, 327, 14, 11264, 15, 187, 187, 2214, 247, 1824, 6342, 2793, 13, 1056, 634, 1039, 1066 ]	concurred. ...from Tim Duncan, a bunch of timely 3-pointers from JarenJackson and a little of everything from David Robinson were...the next three minutes. ''We've got to take away JarenJackson,'' Knicks coach Jeff Van Gundy said. ''Obviously... ...Richmond held out hope Friday that he could somehow be traded to Miami, while John Wallace rejoined the New York Knicks, JarenJackson re-signed with San Antonio and Lorenzen Wright left everyone wondering what he was thinking. With Seattle, Golden... ...Richmond held out hope Friday that he could somehow be traded to Miami, while John Wallace rejoined the New York Knicks, JarenJackson re-signed with San Antonio and Lorenzen Wright left everyone wondering what he was thinking. With Seattle, Golden... ...the obvious Tim Duncan and David Robinson. Throw in consistent outside shooting from Avery Johnson, Sean Elliott, JarenJackson and Steve Kerr along with the toughness and experience of Mario Elie. Now add some serious togetherness and unselfishness... ...the obvious Tim Duncan and David Robinson. Throw in consistent outside shooting from Avery Johnson, Sean Elliott, JarenJackson and Steve Kerr along with the toughness and experience of Mario Elie. Now add some serious togetherness and unselfishness... ...players under contract through next season, it should be a fairly quiet offseason for the San Antonio Spurs. Photos JarenJackson, Malik Rose and Will Perdue are exceptions. The three reserve players become free agents this summer after each found... ...34 points, while Keith Van Horn added 23. After trailing 106-100 with 1:23 to play following a 3-pointer by JarenJackson, New Jersey closed to 106-104 on consecutive field goals by Marbury and Van Horn, the last with 37.9 seconds... ...today at the Forum. Robinson finished with 10 points on 3-of-6 shooting. Duncan, Robinson, Sean Elliott and JarenJackson combined to make all of San Antonio's 27 free throws on 33 attempts. Beside's Duncan's 19 points at the line...Change is scary. Change can be intimidating. The fear of change, fear of failure, even the fear of the unknown. EVERYONE has trepidation about change. EVERYONE. But when the time comes that you cannot stay in the same situation any longer – it’s time to make your move. If you’re ready to take action and make a career change, here are five (5) resources to help you make the change and transition into your dream career. Work your network – Talk to people who have successfully made a change in their career and learn their personal story of challenges, lessons learned, and the result of their efforts. These success stories can inspire you and pave the way to help you make a quick and easy career change. Professional Organizations – These are organizations like the American Marketing Association, or the Professional Management Institute, or Society of Women Engineers. If you’re thinking about changing job roles, or changing industries, these associations can help you learn more about these industries and careers to help you figure out whether or not that’s really where you want to go.Google “professional organizations” and the name of your city to see a list of industry associations and business organizations and start attending their luncheons and networking events.Also, these organizations offer excellent volunteer opportunities where you can learn a new skill – such as leadership, marketing, sales, event planning, project management and all kinds of others skills. Plus, it’s a great way to network and meet other professionals and executives in that industry who could potentially hire you, or introduce you to others who could potentially hire you. Company Websites – Not all companies will promote their job openings on external job boards, but they will promote them on their own company website!Make a list of companies where you’d like to work, then spend time perusing their website. Read their “career” web page to learn about hot jobs and the skills that are in high demand. Also, read their blog, their press page and investor relations section to learn about their company culture, and to get an idea whether or not you really want to work there. Professional Networking Sites – Add your professional profile to LinkedIn.com (you can look for me and join my network!) I’m not a big fan of MySpace.com or Facebook.com for professional networking. Those sites were created for social networking.Start sending updates to your contacts saying that you’re looking for your next opportunity and ask them for leads. Also ask them for a virtual introduction to others in their network who work in the company or industry where you want to work. A Personal Career Coach – Look for a career coach who offers experience, confidence, and results. This is someone who can partner with you and give you the career strategies, motivation, and a proven roadmap so you can get into your new career quicker and easier. Your Assignment: If You’re Ready for Change – then Take Action! Start mapping out your career change. Take out a pen and piece of paper and write down in big letters, two of the five key strategies mentioned above that you’re going to do! Next, pull out your calendar and schedule them in. The question for most of us isn’t, “When are we going to do them.” Instead, the real question is, “What are we going to GIVE UP in our schedule to MAKE THIS HAPPEN?” Change takes commitment and action. When you’re ready to take action and start stepping into your dream career, remember that you don’t have to do it all by yourself. There are an abundance of resources and support available to help – you just have to make a commitment to start using them! 🙂 About Career Coach Sherri ThomasSherri Thomas is a leading career coach who helps professionals transform and thrive in their career. She is a leading career coach, Huffington Post writer, globe trotting keynote speaker, and the 2013 Best Career Book author of “The Bounce Back – personal stories of bouncing back higher and faster after a layoff, re-org or career setback.” As a sought after media source, she has been featured in top news outlets including NBC-TV Phoenix, the Wall St. Journal, TIME, New York Daily News, Monster.com and many others. She loves traveling around the world and learning about other cultures, thrives in nature, and will always encourage you to go on what she calls a life changing Kenyan safari because the 30-hour flight journey “isn’t that bad.” Dreaming of a new job? Perhaps something more meaningful, fulfilling and with a beefier paycheck? If you said, Yes, then the timing couldn’t be better. The unemployment rate is currently […] Read More »November 25, 2015 10 things To Do in Toronto This Holiday Season Christmas is just 31 days away, and chances are in your neck of the woods, its beginning to flock and feel a lot like Christmas. If you haven't begun to already, its time to start getting in the holiday spirit. One of my favourite things to do during the holiday season is to take in some of the many festivals, events and experiences the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) has to offer. At over 7000 square km and with a population of over 6 million and growing, this list of things to do this holiday season is pretty long. Do you live in the GTA, or perhaps are just passing through for the holidays? While this list is just the tip of the iceberg, I've compiled my top 10 things to do in Toronto this holiday season. 10 Things To Do in Toronto This Holiday Season 1// Stroll through the Toronto Christmas Market Inspired by the European tradition that originated in Germany in the 1400s, the Toronto Christmas Market celebrates all of the sounds, sights and scents of Christmas. Taking place in the Victorian-era, cobblestone-lined Distillery Historic District, this annual festive event brings local craft-makers, carollers, musicians and artisanal food-makers together for a truly magical experience. Sip on mulled wine, European Christmas cocktails and hot chocolate as you peruse the selection of Christmas merchandise including hand-made ornaments, wood carvings, candles and crafts. With 1,722,000 square feet of retail space — that’s nearly 30 football fields — there’s nowhere better to check off wish lists while admiring glittery decorations. The shopping mall is Toronto's top tourist attraction, with around one million visitors per week. The mall contains a wide selection of 330 stores and restaurants. For the most iconic holiday window display in the city, take the subway down to Queen station where the flagship Hudson’s Bay store location rivals Macy’s in New York with functioning train sets, mechanical mice and moving Santas. Mark the official start of the holiday season at the 49th annual Cavalcade of Lights, taking place on November 28. This holiday tradition at Nathan Phillips Square, home of City Hall, features the first illumination of Toronto’s official Christmas Tree, performances by some of Canada’s top musical talent, a spectacular fireworks show and skating parties. While the Cavalcade takes place one night only, the tree remains on display throughout the holiday season. There are several outdoor public skating rinks located around the city. For an iconic urban skating experience, glide around Nathan Phillips Square amidst the tall buildings, the sparkly lights and massive Christmas tree. Skating at the rink continues all season long, and skate rentals are available on-site. For a waterfront experience, make your way down
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2536, 380, 3110, 4479, 84, 4260, 21590, 281, 268, 790, 4313, 369, 470, 15, 3763, 2470, 1470, 15, 575, 19, 1084, 926, 12603, 910, 709, 14, 881, 568, 926, 2536, 1470, 15, 337, 51, 284, 356, 25178, 11355, 3998, 905, 63, 1093, 63, 39, 696, 3886, 44, 22, 27018, 9242, 19973, 275, 13439 ]	score ranges from 0 to 100 and a higher score indicates a poorer prognosis. 2.2. Ethics approval and consent to participate {#sec0004} ----------------------------------------------- The study has been approved by the McGill institutional review board and all participants signed an informed consent form prior to the study. 2.3. Scanning and dosing protocol {#sec0005} --------------------------------- All participants underwent \[^18^F\]THK5351 and \[^18^F\]AZD4694 scans to quantify their baseline tau and amyloid loads respectively. All participants then received a daily oral dose of 1 mg rasagiline for a course of 10 days and their medication adherence was ensured via a daily phone call by a study coordinator. A post-challenge \[^18^F\]THK5351 scan was conducted on the last day of the rasagiline dosing regimen. The last dose of 1 mg Rasagiline was given one hour before the second \[^18^F\]THK5351 scan. There was an average of 14 days (SD = 0.54 days) between the baseline and post-rasagiline \[^18^F\]THK5351 scans. All PET scans were performed on a Siemens High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT). The \[^18^F\]THK5351 acquisition consisted of dynamic images acquired from immediately after the intravenous bolus injection to 70 min post-injection. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) injected radioactivity of \[^18^F\]THK5351 was 6.9 ± 0.1 mCi for the baseline scan and 7.0 ± 0.1 mCi for the post-rasagiline scan. \[^18^F\]AZD4694 acquisition consisted of dynamic images (6 × 5 min) acquired at 40--70 min after intravenous bolus injection of \[^18^F\]AZD4694. The mean ± SD injected radioactivity of \[^18^F\]AZD4694 was 6.7 ± 0.1 mCi. A six-minute transmission scan was performed following each PET scan for attenuation correction. Additionally, the images underwent correction for dead time and decay. All PET images were reconstructed using an Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) algorithm ([@bib0002]) which corrected for normalization, attenuation, randoms and scatter. In addition, inter-frame motion was corrected using the first frame as a reference. All patients also underwent a T1-weighted MP-RAGE anatomical MRI scan using a 3.0 T Siemens Sonata scanner for co-registration purposes and to evaluate for typical structural PSP features such as an abnormal midbrain to pons ratio ([@bib0023]). 2.4. Synthesis of \[^18^F\]THK5351 and \[^18^F\]AZD4694 {#sec0006} ------------------------------------------------------- \[^18^F\]THK5351 was synthesized according to the previously published protocol ([@bib0014]). At the time of production, the average molar activity was 1702 ± 777 MBq/μmol for the baseline scan and 3256 ± 1554 MBq/μmol for the post-rasagiline dosing challenge scan. The average injected molar activity was 1135.9 ± 732.6 MBq/μmol for the baseline scan and 1605.8 ± 1454.1 MBq/μmol for the post-rasagiline dosing challenge scan (P = 0.49, not significant). The average injected mass dose was 14.94 ng/kg for the baseline scan and 12.62 ng/kg for the post-rasagiline dosing challenge scan (P = 0.70, not significant). \[^18^F\]AZD4694 was synthesized using the previously published protocol ([@bib0008]), with an average molar activity of 3071 ± 518 MBq/μmol. 2.5. MRI and PET image processing {#sec0007} --------------------------------- The T1-weighted MR images were processed using the CIVET image processing pipeline ([@bib0001]) and all PET images were processed using an established image processing pipeline previously reported ([@bib0025]; [@bib0036]). Briefly, individual PET and MRI images were co-registered using a rigid-body transformation based on 6 parameters. Then, the images were linearly co-registered and non-linearly spatially normalized to the standardized MNI152 template without modulation using an affine transformation from the PET/T1-MRI transformation and anatomical MRI registration. Due to the presence of MAO-B in the reference region, full quantification of \[^18^F\]THK5351 is not possible, as specific uptake in the reference region (in this case, the cerebellar grey matter) violates an assumption of the Simplified Reference Tissue Method (SRTM) ([@bib0028]). Correspondingly, other reference tissue methods such as SUVR are also inappropriate. As such, we generated regional \[^18^F\]THK5351 standardized uptake values (SUV) as a primary outcome measure. We measured the baseline and post-rasagiline \[^18^F\]THK5351 SUV using tissue radioactivity data obtained 50--70 min after \[^18^F\]THK5351 injection, normalized by patient body weight and injected radioactivity. SUV was measured in the substantia nigra, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, internal globus pallidus, midbrain, dentate nucleus and cerebellar grey matter in PSP and CU participants. These regions were assessed using an atlas created for subjects with movement disorders ([@bib0040]). The ROIs were subsequently applied to the dynamic PET frames to obtain the time--activity curve data. A basal ganglia meta-ROI was used to display time-activity curves, composed of the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, internal & external globus pallidus, caudate and putamen. We then calculated the average percentage reduction of mean regional SUV in the post rasagiline scans. All participant\'s post-rasagiline \[^18^F\]THK5351 SUV images were independently rated by two experts (JPS and PRN) in a blinded fashion as PSP-positive or PSP-negative. Cases were displayed on a system allowing visualization along the 3 standard axes, with the possibility of modifying the intensity settings of the colour scale. Interpretation was based on comparison to locally performed control cases: positive cases were those that, as subjectively assessed by the raters, showing increased and spatially different uptake when compared to controls in a manner consistent with published distributions of PSP pathology ([@bib0039]). The \[^18^F\]AZD4694 SUVR maps were processed using the cerebellar cortex as the reference region and each participant\'s \[^18^F\]AZD4694 SUVR image was independently rated by two experts (JPS and PRN) as amyloid-positive or amyloid-negative. The midbrain to pons ratio was measured using the participant\'s sagittal T1-weighted MP-RAGE MRI image in native space. Based on previous reports, a midbrain to pons ratio of \< 0.52 was considered supportive of a diagnosis of PSP, with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 85.7% ([@bib0023]). Measurement of the midbrain to pons ratio was taken by placing elliptical regions of interest over the pons and midbrain in the midsaggital slice of the MRI in native space. Detailed description of this procedure as well as a visual representation of the methodology can be found in ([@bib0023]). 2.6. Statistical analysis {#sec0008} ------------------------- We performed the statistical analysis using the GraphPad Prism Version 7.0b (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, California, USA; [www.graphpad.com](http://www.graphpad.com){#interref0001}). Paired t-test analyses were used to compare the baseline and post-rasagiline regional \[^18^F\]THK5351 SUV. 3. Results {#sec0009} ========== Six participants (4 probable PSP, and 2 CU) were recruited. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of the participants are summarized in [Table 1](#tbl0001){ref-type="table"}.Table 1Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics.Table 1:PT 1PT 2PT 3PT 4PT 5PT 6DIAGNOSISPSPPSPPSPPSPCUCUAGE (YEARS)856587776564GENDERFMMMFMMMSE251922232930PSPRS11214669----MIDBRAIN TO PONS RATIO0.620.490.310.350.660.63[^2] 3.1. Clinical profiles of the participants {#sec0010} -------------------------------------------- Patient 1 was an 84 years old right-handed female who presented with progressive memory impairment, frequent falls and swallowing difficulties over four years. At the time of the PET scan, she had slowing of her eye movements, bradykinesia and postural instability. Her gait was slow with a cane and she had decreased spontaneous speech. Her MMSE was 24 and her PSPRS was 11 at the time of PET scanning. Her \[^18^F\]AZD4694 scan was rated as amyloid positive ([Fig. 1](#fig0001){ref-type="fig"}). The patient\'s midbrain to pons ratio was 0.62 ([Fig. 2](#fig0002){ref-type="fig"}).Fig. 1Rasagiline reduces brain \[^18^F\]THK5351 SUVs in progressive
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When Apple finally confirmed that omission, we were already prepared for that. That’s big. The same will happen with the iPhone 8: we already know for sure that it will cost over $1,000, something that would be a bigger deal if it was revealed as a new fact on the launch day. It won’t be a surprise anymore: Apple already knows they can put this price tag to the new iPhones, because we will be prepared for that. From Appleinsider (and others): Kuo goes on to estimate an “iPhone 8” price tag starting at $1,000, reiterating a figure first divulged in a report this month. The price hike is attributed to a 50 to 60 percent bump in production costs compared to the anticipated “iPhone 7s” LCD models. Apple should thank all tech journalists for talking so loud about them. They should thank me, for that matter. So there you have it, Apple: you’re welcome.Public Comment at the MeetingAudiocast (2:36)The Judicial Council welcomes public comment, as it can enhance the council’s understanding of the issues coming before it. To accommodate members of the public, the Judicial Council encourages those who wish to comment at the meeting, on either a specific agenda item or on a more general topic of judicial administration, to provide notice in order to ensure that all requests are acknowledged during the meeting. before the specific agenda item of interest is introduced on either April 24 or 25. All requests will be allocated three minutes. Please note that anyone wishing to speak on a specific agenda topic should arrive at the beginning of the meeting on which the agenda item will be heard, as agenda times are subject to change. The Judicial Council is the policy-making body for the judicial branch. Comments pertaining to a specific court case will not be received. Written CommentsWritten comments pertaining to a matter affecting judicial administration or an item on this agenda may be e-mailed to [email protected], or mailed or delivered to:Judicial Council of California455 Golden Gate AvenueSan Francisco, California 94102-3688Attention: Cliff AlumnoList of rock genres This is a list of rock music genres consisting of subgenres of popular music that have roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, and which developed into a distinct identity as rock music in the 1960s, particularly in the United States and United Kingdom. By the late 1960s, a number of identifiable rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, and jazz-rock fusion, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock influenced by the counter-cultural psychedelic scene. New genres that emerged from this scene included progressive rock, which extended the artistic elements; glam rock, which highlighted showmanship and visual style; and the diverse and enduring major subgenre of heavy metal, which emphasized volume, power, and speed. In the second half of the 1970s, punk rock both intensified and reacted against some of these trends to produce a raw, energetic form of music characterized by overt political and social critiques. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of other subgenres, including new wave, post-punk and eventually the alternative rock movement. From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop, and indie rock. Further fusion subgenres have since emerged as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's history. A Acid rock Afro punk Alternative country Alternative dance Alternative hip hop Alternative metal Alternative rock Americana music Anarcho-punk Anatolian rock Art punk Art rock Avant-garde metal B Baroque pop Baggy Bandana thrash Beach music Beat music Bent edge Big beat Biker metal BisRock Blackgaze Blackened death metal Black metal Blues rock Boogie rock Brazilian thrash metal British folk rock Britpop Britpop Revival C Canterbury sound Cello rock and cello metal Celtic punk Celtic metal Celtic rock Chicano rock Christian alternative rock Christian hardcore Christian metal Christian punk Christian rock Cock rock Coldwave College rock Comedy rock Country rock Cowpunk Crossover thrash Crunkcore Crust punk D Dance-punk Dance-rock Dark cabaret Darkwave D-beat Death 'n' roll Deathcore Death-doom Deathgrind Death metal Deathrock Digital hardcore Djent Doom metal Dream pop Drone metal Dunedin sound E Electroclash Electropunk Electronicore Electronic rock Emo Emo pop Emo revival Ethereal wave Experimental rock Extreme metal F Flamenco rock Folk metal Folk punk Folk rock Funk metal Funk rock G Garage punk Garage rock Geek rock Glam metal Glam punk Glam rock Goregrind Gothabilly Gothic metal Gothic rock Grebo Grindcore Grindie Groove metal Group Sounds Grunge Gypsy punk H Hard rock Hardcore punk Heartland rock Heavy hardcore Heavy metal Horror punk I Indie folk Indie pop Indie rock Indietronica Indorock Industrial metal Industrial rock Instrumental rock Italian occult psychedelia J Jazz rock Jangle pop Jersey Shore sound K Krautrock Kawaii metal L Latin alternative Latin metal Latin rock M Madchester Manila Sound Mathcore Math rock Medieval folk rock Medieval metal Melodic death metal Melodic hardcore Melodic metalcore Metalcore Mod revival N Nardcore Neue Deutsche Härte Neue Deutsche Todeskunst Neue Deutsche Welle Neoclassical dark wave Neoclassical metal Neon pop Neo-progressive rock Neo-psychedelia New rave New wave New wave of new wave New Weird America Nintendocore Noise pop Noise rock No wave Nu gaze Nu metal Nu metalcore O Occult rock Oi! Ostrock Outlaw Country P Pagan metal Pagan rock Paisley Underground Peace punk Pinoy rock Pirate metal Pop punk Pop rock Pornogrind Post-britpop Post-grunge Post-hardcore Post-metal Post-punk Post-punk revival Post-rock Power pop Power metal Powerviolence Progressive metal Progressive metalcore Progressive rock Protopunk Psychedelic funk Psychedelic pop Psychedelic rock Psychobilly Pub rock (Australia) Pub rock (United Kingdom) Punk blues Punk jazz Punk rap Punk pathetique Punk rock Q Queercore R Raga rock Rapcore Rap metal Rap rock Reggae rock Red dirt Riot grrrl Rock Against Communism Rock and roll Rockabilly Rock in Opposition Roots rock S Sadcore Samba rock Screamo Shoegazing Shock rock Ska punk Skate punk Slowcore Sludge metal Soft rock Southern rock Space rock Speed metal Straight edge Stoner rock Street punk Sufi rock Sunshine pop Surf music Swamp pop Swedish death metal Symphonic black metal Symphonic metal Synthpop T Taqwacore Technical death metal Thrashcore Thrash metal Trall punk Trap metal Trønder rock Tropical rock Tulsa Sound 2 Tone U Unblack metal V Viking metal Viking rock Visual kei W Wagnerian rock Wizard rock Y Yacht rock Youth crew Z Zeuhl See also Electronics in rock music Heavy metal genres Rock festival List of popular music genres List of subcultures References rock musicQ: StackPrinter: The Stack Exchange Printer Suite UPDATE: Version 1.1 - MySE section, PrettyPrint, StackPrinter API Screenshots: App Homepage Printable view Logo: http://www.stackprinter.com StackPrinter is a website that pulls the main details of a given question, all its answers, comments and votes formatting them in a simple essential printable view. I've created this micro web application basically to add a "Printer-Friendly" feature to the Stack Exchange Network sites, trying to remove some @Media Print CSS limitations like hidden comments, pagination and empty spaces. (rationale here) Other features: Addons: Greasemonkey script - Adds a
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310, 417, 2656, 533, 247, 15906, 4236, 347, 253, 4958, 273, 3032, 40553, 318, 313, 13834, 255, 4595, 481, 496 ]	pays to woman. And this is natural for those who worship the Great Mother, whose representative (Vigraha) all earthly women are. Striyo devah striyah pranah. "Womenare Devas; women are life itself,"as an old Hymn in theSarvollasa has it. It is because Woman is a Vigraha of the Amba Devi,herlikeness in flesh and blood, that the Shakta Tantras enjoin the honor and worship of women and girls (Kumaris), and forbid all harm to them such as the Sati rite, enjoining that not even a female animal is to be sacrificed. With the same solicitude for women, the Mahanirvana prescribes that even if a man speaks rudely (Durvacyam kathayan) to his wife, he must fast for a whole day, and enjoins the education of daughters before their marriage. The Moslem Authorof the Dabistan (ii. 154. Ed. 1843) says"The Agama favors both sexes equally. Men and women equally compose mankind. This sect hold women in great esteem and call them Shaktis and to ill-treat a Shakti, that is, a woman, is a crime". The Shakta Tantras again allow of women being Guru, or Spiritual Director, a reverence which the West has not (with rare exceptions) yet given them. Initiation by a Mother bears eightfold fruit.Indeed,to the enlightened Shakta the whole universe is Stri or Shakti."Aham stri"as the Advabhavano Upanishad says. A high worship therefore which can be offered to the Mother to-day consists in getting rid of abuses which have neither the authority of ancient Shastra, nor of modern social science and to honor, cherish, educate and advance women (Shakti). Striyo devah striyah pranah. Gautamiya Tantra says Sarvavarnadhikarashca narinam yogya eva ca; that is, the Tantra Shastra is for all castes and for women; and the Mahanirvana says that the low Kaula who refuses to initiate a Candala or Yavana or a woman out of disrespect goes the downward path. No one is excluded from anything except on the grounds of a real and not artificial or imagined incompetency. An American Orientalist critic, in speaking of"the worthlessness of Tantric philosophy", said that it was "Religious Feminism run mad," adding"What is all this but the feminisation of orthodox Vedanta? It is a doctrine for suffragette Monists: the dogma unsupported by any evidence that the female principle antedates and includes the male principle, and that this female principle is supreme Divinity."The"worthlessness"of the Tantrik philosophy is a personal opinion on which nothing need be said, the more particularly that Orientalists who, with insufficient knowledge, have already committed themselves to this view are not likely to easily abandon it. The present criticism, however, in disclosing the grounds on which it is based, has shown that they are without worth. Were it not for such ignorant notions, it would be unnecessary to say that the Shakta Sadhaka does not believe that there is a Woman Suffragette or otherwise, in the sky, surrounded by the members of some celestial feminist association who rules the male members of the universe. As the Yamala says for the benefit of the ignorant "neyam yoshit na ca puman na shando na jadah smritah". That is, God is neither female, male, hermaphrodite nor unconscious thing. Nor is his doctrine concerned with the theories of the American Professor Lester Ward and others as to the alleged pre-eminence of the female principle. We are not here dealing with questions of science or sociology. It is a common fault of western criticism that it gives material interpretations of Indian Scriptures and so misunderstands it. The Shakta doctrine is concerned with those Spiritual Principles which exist before, and are the origin of, both men and women. Whether, in the appearance of the animal species, the female"antedates"the male is a question with which it is not concerned. Nor does it say that the"female principle"is the supreme Divinity. Shiva the"male"is co-equal with Shivé the"female,"for both are one and the same. An Orientalist might have remembered that in the Samkhya, Prakriti is spoken of as"female,"and Purusha as"male". And in Vedanta, Maya andDevi are of the feminine gender. Shakti is not a male nor a female"person,"nor a male nor a female"principle,"in the sense in which sociology, which is concerned with gross matter, uses those terms. Shakti is symbolically"female"because it is the productive principle. Shiva in so far as He represents the Cit or consciousness aspect, is actionless (Nishkriya), though the two are inseparably associated even in creation. The Supreme is the attributeless (Nirguna) Shiva, or the neuter Brahman which is neither"male"nor"female". With such mistaken general views of the doctrine, it was not likely that itssubtleraspects by way of relation to Shamkara's Mayavada, or the Samkya Darshana should be appreciated. The doctrine of Shakti has no more to do with"Feminism"than it has to do with"old age pensions"or any other sociological movement of the day. This is a good instance of those apparently"smart"and cocksure judgments which Orientalists and others pass on things Indian. The errors would be less ridiculous if they were on occasions more modest as regards their claims to know and understand. What is still more important, they would not probably in such cases give unnecessary ground for offense. The characteristic features of Shakta-dharma are thus its Monism; its concept of the Motherhood of God; its un-sectarian spirit and provisions for Shudras and women, to the latter of whom it renders high honor, recognizing that they may be even Gurus; and lastly its Sadhana skillfully designed to realize its teachings. As I have pointed out on many an occasion this question of Sadhana is of the highest importance, and has been in recent times much overlooked. It is that which more than anything else gives value to the Agama or Tantra Shastra. Mere talk about religion is only an intellectual exercise. Of what use are grand phrases about Atma on the lips of those who hate and injure one another and will not help the poor. Religion is kindness. Religion again is a practical activity. Mind and body must be trained. There is a spiritual as well as a mental and physical gymnastic. According to Shakta doctrine each man and woman contains within himself and herself a vast latent magazine of Power or Shakti, a term which comes from the root"Shak"to be able, to have force to do, to act. They are each Shakti and nothing but Shakti, for the Svarupa of Shakti, that is, Shakti as it is in itself is Consciousness, and mind and body are Shakti. The problem then is how to raise and vivify Shakti. This is the work of Sadhana in the Religion of Power. The Agama is a practical philosophy, and as the Bengali friend and collaborator of mine, Professor Pramathanatha Mukhyopadhyaya, whom I cite again, has well put it, what the intellectual world wants to-day is the sort of philosophy which not merely argues but experiments. This is Kriya. The form which Sadhana takes necessarily varies according to faith, temperament and capacity. Thus, amongst Christians, the Catholic Church, like Hinduism, has a full and potent Sadhana in its sacraments (Samskara), temple (Church), private worship (Puja, Upasana) with Upacara"bell, light and incense"(Ghanta, Dipa, Dhupa), Images or Pratima (hence it has been calledidolatrous), devotional rites such as Novenas and the like (Vrata), the threefold"Angelus"at morn, noon and evening (Samdhya), rosary (Japa), the wearing of Kavacas (Scapulars, Medals, Agnus Dei), pilgrimage (Tirtha), fasting, abstinence and mortification (Tapas), monastic renunciation (Samnyasa), meditation (Dhyana), ending in the union of mystical theology (Samadhi) and so forth. There are other smaller details such for instance as Shanti-abhisheka (Asperges) into which I need not enter here. I may, however, mention the Spiritual Director who occupies the place of the Guru; the worship (Hyperdulia) of the Virgin-Mother which made Svami Vivekananda call the Italian Catholics, Shaktas; and the use of wine (Madya) and bread (corresponding to Mudra) in the Eucharist or Communion Service. Whilst, however, the Blessed Virgin evokes devotion as warm as that which is here paid to Devi, she is not Devi for she is not God but a creature selected as the vehicle of His incarnation (Avatara). In
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Moment is a cloud-based classroom management tool that helps kindergartens, summer camps and schools with parent communication and registrations. Administrators can use its online signup feature for discounts, invoicing, installments, refunds and financial reporting. Read more about Moment Top Hat is an online teaching platform designed to help professors & educators engage students and build comprehension before, during & after class. The software offers solutions for delivering interactive courses, customizing digital textbooks, assigning homework, and securely administering tests. Read more about Top Hat Instructure is a technology company committed to improving education. We provide instructors and students with modern tools and resources that empower and simplify the learning experience. Instructure offers Canvas—the open, easy-to-use, cloud-native learning management system—as well as Canvas Network, an index of open, online courses by... Join over 33 million teachers and students safely connecting in online classrooms, collaborating on assignments, discovering new resources, and more! Edmodo helps connect all learners with the people and resources needed to reach their full potential. KidReports is a digital classroom management and parent engagement platform that sends real-time photos, videos, notifications, and daily reports to parents throughout the day. It comes with a set of tools that allows child care providers to increase enrollment, save time, and work seamlessly. ASAP is full-featured and affordable software for online registration and management, popular with schools, universities, communities, and more. Choose your own set of features, reporting tools and level of customization with no long-term contracts. Trust the company that has been in the industry for 30 years. Simplify how you learn at work. Travitor is the learning management platform teams use to onboard new hires, close more deals, provide great service, learn new skills, make meetings productive, measure results, and more. Start Your Free Trial Options for sorting the directory Sponsored Vendors bid for placement within our listings. This option sorts the directory by those bids, highest to lowest. Vendors who bid for placement can be identified by the blue “Visit Website” button on their listing. Avg. Customer Review Sorts listings by overall star rating, based on user reviews, highest to lowest. Number of reviews Sorts listings by number of user reviews, highest to lowest. Local Sorts listings by language, local language first. Vendors bid for placement within our listings. This option sorts the directory by those bids, highest to lowest. Vendors who bid for placement can be identified by the blue “Visit Website” button on their listing. GetApp® is a registered trademark of Nubera eBusiness S.L. Nubera eBusiness uses its own cookies and third-party cookies. By using the website you are accepting the use of these cookies. To get more information about our cookies click here.A Cell-Surface-Specific Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Extracellular pH Sensing with Solid-State Fluorophore. Extracellular acidity is correlated with the development of various pathological states and bulk pH measurements could not report surface acidity. In this study, we have developed a ratiometric fluorescent probe that aggregates upon interaction with cells, allowing persistent labeling of cells and in situ measurement of cell surface pH. The ternary nanoplatform is constructed by a convenient noncovalent combination of bovine serum albumin protected gold nanoclusters (BSA-AuNCs), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled cationic peptides (CPs), and FITC-free CPs. The red fluorescent AuNCs serve as reference fluorophore, while FITC labeled peptides act as specific recognition element for H+ and FITC unlabeled peptides are used for delivery. The probe displays a sensitive fluorescence ratiometric response for pH in the range of 5.0-9.5 with calculated p Ka of 7.2. Further studies have demonstrated that this nanosensor also has properties of high selectivity, reversibility to pH fluctuations, as well as low cytotoxicity. The new surface pH-measurement tool was validated in mapping extracellular pH and monitoring acidification regarding cell metabolism, demonstrating its potential for bioimaging and biosensing.Q: Different ways to say “are you ready?” The only option that comes to my mind is Bist du bereit?, which is the literal translation. Are there other commony used ways to express a similar meaning? I ask this because I’m following a software course in German. It’s step by step and every now and then the professor says something like: Habs’ du das? Kann ich weitergehen? He definitely wants to check if we are all following and understanding the steps, but I don't know how to translate the sentence. I’m not even sure if I got it right. I thought that it may be a shorter Hast du es verstanden?. It is a regional idiom, his own personal habit or something common? A: There are lots of ways to translate that, especially because it differs in dialects. First of all, I think your professor rather said Hast du das? / Habt ihr das? what most possibly means “Did you get it?”, or “Did you write that down?” (Technically, “Hast du das?” is only “Did you”, it’s an incomplete question.) Kann ich weitergehen? might be some personal habit, weitermachen would fit better than weitergehen. Other ways of asking “are you ready?”: Seid ihr so weit? Seid ihr fertig? / Fertig? (Are you finished?) Habt ihrs? (not official language, short form of “Habt ihr das?”) Können wir? (Can we?, meaning “Can we go on/start/leave/etc.”) A: I would like to add some less used as they are more related and used to ask if people have understood! Alles klar? (Everything is fine?) “Alles klar so weit?”, or very short “klar so weit?” (Everything is fine for now? meaning “until now you don’t have any problems following me?”) Maybe a bit more in use should be this one: Können wir weitermachen? (can we go ahead?) But some teachers would also ask if there are still some open Questions like: Habt ihr noch Fragen? Ist irgendetwas noch unklar? Gibt es noch Fragen? Noch Fragen? "It can be used to supplement and you're still introducing all the infection-fighting and immune-boosting properties that breast milk is known for. You can't manufacture that or make it available in formula."Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Check the label for directions before use. Measure it with a measuring cup and take it by mouth. Shake well before use. Nimtop 50mg Suspension is to be taken with food. Nimtop 50mg Suspension is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking the release of certain chemical messengers that cause fever, pain and inflammation (redness and swelling). Nimtop is not an antibiotic, it belongs to the class of medicines known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs; pain-relieving drug) which helps in relieving pain associated with various disease conditions. Q. Can I take Nimtop with paracetamol? Nimtop and paracetamol belong to the same class of medicines known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; pain-relieving drugs). Taking the two medicines together is not advisable as it may increase the potential for gastric ulceration and bleeding. However, please consult your doctor before using the two medicines together. Q. Does Nimtop contain aspirin? Nimtop is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs; pain-relieving drug). It does not contain aspirin. Q. Is Nimtop safe? Nimtop is safe to use if taken at prescribed dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Q. Can I take Nimtop for headache? Nimtop can be taken for a headache only when advised by your doctor. Q. Does Nimtop make you drowsy (feeling sleepy)? Nimtop does not make you feel drowsy at prescribed doses. However, an overdose of Nimtop can make you drowsy (feeling sleepy). Q. Does Nimtop contain sulphur? No, Nimtop does not contain sulphur. Q. What does Nimtop treat or used for? Nimtop is used to treat acute pain, painful osteoarthritis (degeneration of joints) and primary dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) in adolescents and adults above 12 years old. Q. Can I take Nimtop with ibuprofen? Nimtop can be taken with ibuprofen. No drug-drug interactions have been reported between the two. However, taking the two medicines together is not advisable as it may increase the potential for gastric ulceration and bleeding.
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These results suggest that auditory fear conditioning, but not presentation of tone or shock alone, regulates pre- and postsynaptic changes at LA synapses. We next examined whether these training-induced alterations in pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins at LA synapses are long-lasting. Separate groups of rats were exposed to either no stimulation ("Naïve") or tone-shock pairings ("Paired"), and then sacrificed at either 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning ([Figure 2a](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). Western blotting on tissue taken from the LA was performed to assay training-induced expression of GluR1, synapsin, and synaptophysin in the LA at each of the different time points. In separate groups of rats, we examined memory retention at 24 hrs, 7 days, or 1 month following auditory fear conditioning ([Figure 2a](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). ![Auditory fear conditioning results in long-lasting auditory fear memory retention and persistent regulation of the expression of pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins in the LA.\ (A) Schematic of the behavioral protocol. Separate groups of rats were trained with three tone-shock pairings, then either tested for retention of auditory fear conditioning or sacrificed at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning. (B) Mean (± SEM) freezing scores for pre-CS and CS periods assessed at 24 hours (n = 6), 7 days (n = 6), or 1 month (n = 5) following conditioning. (\) p\<0.05 relative to pre-CS freezing levels. (C) Mean (±SEM) GluR1 immunoreactivity from LA punches taken from Naïve (24 hours, n* = 8; 7 days, n = 7; 1 month, n = 8) or Paired (24 hours, n = 9; 7 days, n = 7; 1 month, n = 8) groups. (\) p\<0.05 relative to Naïve rats. (D) Mean (±SEM) Synapsin (bottom band) immunoreactivity from LA punches taken from Naïve (24 hours, n* = 8; 7 days, n = 7; 1 month, n = 8) or Paired (24 hours, n = 9; 7 days, n = 7; 1 month, n = 8) groups. (E) Mean (±SEM) Synapsin (top band) immunoreactivity from LA punches taken from Naïve (24 hours, n = 8; 7 days, n = 7; 1 month, n = 8) or Paired (24 hours, n = 9; 7 days, n = 7; 1 month, n = 8) groups. (\) p\<0.05 relative to Naïve rats. (F) Mean (±SEM) percent Synaptophysin immunoreactivity from LA punches taken from Naïve (24 hours, n* = 8; 7 days, n = 7; 1 month, n = 8) or Paired (24 hours, n = 9; 7 days, n = 7; 1 month, n = 8) groups. (\) p\<0.05 relative to Naïve rats. In each experiment, protein levels for GluR1, synapsin, or synaptophysin were normalized to GAPDH levels for each sample and expressed as a percentage of the Naïve group. (G) Representative blots for GluR1 in the LA at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning. (H) Representative blots for Synapsin (bottom and top bands) in the LA at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning. (I*) Representative blots for Synaptophysin in the LA at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning.](pone.0011236.g002){#pone-0011236-g002} Rats tested for auditory fear memory 24 hours following conditioning were found to have intact fear memory retention, as revealed by comparison of freezing during the pre-CS period relative to that of the CS period \[t(5) = 10.76; p\<0.001\] ([Fig. 2b](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). Fear memory to the tone was also intact at 7 days \[t(5) = 6.37; p\<0.01\] and 24 days after training \[t(4) = 10.97; p\<0.001\] ([Fig. 2b](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). These results indicate that our conditioning protocol promotes auditory fear memory formation that persists for up to 1 month following training. The findings of our Western blot analyses are presented in [Figure 2 c--f](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}. Relative to naïve controls, fear conditioned rats exhibited significant increases in levels of GluR1 expression in the LA at 24 hours \[t(15) = 3.87, p\<0.01\], 7 days \[t(12) = 2.66, p\<0.05\], and 1 month \[t(14) = 2.45, p\<0.05\] following fear conditioning ([Figure 2c](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). Similarly, fear conditioned rats exhibited significant long-lasting increases in levels of synapsin ([Figure 2 d--e](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}) and synaptophysin ([Figure 2f](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}) in the LA. Analysis of synapsin revealed a significant increase at 24 hrs \[bottom band: t(15) = 5.50, p\<0.001; top band: t(15) = 5.35, p\<0.001\], 7 days \[bottom band: t(12) = 2.48, p\<0.05; top band: t(12) = 2.55, p\<0.05\], and 1 month \[bottom band: t(14) = 2.25, p\<0.05; top band: t(14) = 3.77, p\<0.01\] following fear conditioning. Analysis of synaptophysin revealed a significant increase at 24 hrs \[t(15) = 3.77, p\<0.01\], 7 days \[t(12) = 2.24, p\<0.05\], and 1 month \[t(14) = 2.63, p\<0.05\] following fear conditioning. Representative Western blots for GluR1, synapsin, and synaptophysin can be viewed in [Figures 2 g--i](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}, respectively. Importantly, levels of the loading control, GAPDH, did not differ between naïve and trained rats at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning for any of these samples (p\>0.05; not shown), indicating that overall protein levels were not significantly changed in the trained animals relative to naïve controls. Taken together, this series of experiments suggests that auditory fear conditioning regulates the expression of pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins in the LA, and that these changes are long-lasting. Synaptic plasticity and NO-cGMP-PKG signaling regulate training-induced alterations in pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins at LA synapses following fear conditioning {#s2b} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ In our first set of experiments, we showed that pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins at LA synapses are persistently regulated following auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning. Here, we examined whether NMDAR-driven synaptic plasticity and NO-cGMP-PKG signaling in the LA regulate these pre- and postsynaptic alterations at LA synapses following fear learning. In the first series of experiments, rats were given intra-LA infusion of either vehicle, the NR2B selective antagonist Ifenprodil (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL), the NOS inhibitor 7-Ni (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL), the membrane impermeable NO scavenger c-PTIO (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL), or the MEK inhibitor U0126 (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL). In the second series of experiments, rats were given intra-LA infusion of the PKG inhibitor Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL) or the PKG activator 8-Br-cGMP (10 µg/side; 0.5 µL). The dose of Ifenprodil has previously been shown to significantly impair fear memory acquisition when infused into the LA prior to fear conditioning [@pone.0011236-Rodrigues1]. The doses of c-PTIO, 7-Ni, U0126, and Rp-8-Br
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1237, 1366, 3965, 2810, 281, 752, 344, 2361, 13, 2167, 309, 457, 78, 417, 2119, 2139 ]	that are being used to predict feedforward warming from CO2. What type of science is there (and where can I find it) to demonstrate to me why I should believe that a double of CO2 will produce more than a 1 degree C temperature change? What is Eric so certain about? [Response: Many things can affect climate. Let’s take an extreme example – a big asteroid like the one at the end of the Cretaceous. Now there are obviously many unknowns about exactly what happened. But those unknowns don’t impact our understanding of the role of CO2 (or ozone, or volanoes or solar changes, or land use change etc.) one jot. There is no zero sum game that says that the more we understand about driver X, the less we understand about CO2. The CERN experiments were related to aerosol nucleation and do not impact the constraints on climate sensitivity at all (if you disagree, please show me the paper that uses knowledge about aerosol nucleation at the nanometer stage as part of the argument for climate sensitivity). They are different issues. – gavin] Theo Kurtén: September 6th, 2011 at 6:04 AM Richard: CO2 clustering has been speculated to play a role in cloud formation on Mars, and hence has been studied quite a bit. As illustrated in the link by Hank Roberts, temperatures anywhere in the Earth’s troposphere are too high for this to occur. Richard bird: September 6th, 2011 at 6:22 AM CM : re your correction on nucleation as distinct from cloud formation: I think looking at the CERN press release you will understand how easy it is to read the simple message “ionisation = more clouds” into it. “unprecedented insight into cloud formation” “cosmic rays enhance the formation rate by up to tenfold or more..”. http://press.web.cern.ch/press/pressreleases/Releases2011/PR15.11E.html Not an excuse, just an observation. Richard bird: September 6th, 2011 at 6:58 AM Hank turner: re Co2 ice , I realise i should have been clearer. By “higher altitude” i meant high in the atmosphere. To be precise, would there be a chance of co2 molecules in the air at high altitudes clumping into crystals, large enough to prompt cloud formation, either at high altitude or as a result of falling to lower altitudes. The obvious gist is that this would have two effects , more cloud, and removal of some of the greenhouse effect. As you can see I tend to look for possible self regulatory mechanisms in the atmosphere and biosphere. The biosphere has evolved for long enough to have perhaps developed mechanisms yet to be discovered. sure it sounds like the Gaia theory, but as a result of natural evolution. don’t ask me to enlarge any more than that please, it’s just a thought not a theory! Richard bird: September 6th, 2011 at 7:11 AM So sorry. I see the post is from Hank Roberts not Turner My slip of the finger. CM: September 6th, 2011 at 8:49 AM Theo #150 (Mars) — Ah, I didn’t think about that. Hank #148 — great links. Thanks. Not only are there no heretical questions, there are none that cannot throw up something new to learn. Richard #151 — The press release was pretty straight, really, but you were probably primed to understand it that way by a decade of solar-GCR-climate hype. All the more reason to read this RealClimate post carefully. September 6th, 2011 at 10:24 AM #152–No, anywhere in the atmosphere where there’s enough water to form clouds is too warm to freeze CO2. And actually, since in the stratosphere the lapse rate turns negative–ie., temps start to increase again as one ascends–I doubt there’s anywhere in the atmosphere where CO2 actually will freeze at all, just off the top of my head. Combination of temps being too high and pressure too low. Jeff S. @ 149, maybe this will help: Richard Bird: September 6th, 2011 at 11:36 AM Theo 150 – I missed your post – Thanks for the reply. You read my question correctly – re Co2 crystal formation in the upper atmosphere. So perhaps it snows CO2 on Mars, a nice image? Presumably over Earth the absolute temperature is not the sole problem, as it will get close to 3-4 degK eventually, but by then if I understand physics correctly the gas pressure is far too low to consider any solidification? If so, pity, it would have been a neat example of natural feedback – another one for the waste bin. CM – I wonder why you call it a decade of hype. Is it not ten years of legitimate scientific enquiry? There must be 99 discarded hypotheses for every successful one. If those researchers attracted to the Svensmark/Shaviv/Kirkby theories (yes I have been primed by the hype!) believed they were onto something useful to advance knowledge, it seems fair to give them benefit of doubt, until observations are checked and the theory either confirmed adequate for purpose or falsified. I can understand people getting a bit too enthusiastic about their ideas, and perhaps overstating their case, but would that be hype? On the other hand, I have only been studting the CLOUD programme and its theoretical basis for a few weeks so perhaps I have missed out on the hype. But I do agree with you that hype is any form is best avoided. (Although it does produce some very entertaining blogs elsewhere!) I must say the CERN CLOUD chamber looks like a superb precision equipment, useable for all kinds of future experiments. I am sure this must have come up before, if so apologies for being boring and feel free to send me off to some other place: If CO2 levels have been constant at 280ppmv until the onset of industrialisation, how does climate science account for the so-called Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age? Is there any evidence of CO2 variation causing those changes (which according to what I have read so far were global, not just local)? If not, how are they explained? Thanks in advance for the very helpful replies. dhogaza: September 6th, 2011 at 12:12 PM Richard Bird: it seems fair to give them benefit of doubt, until observations are checked and the theory either confirmed adequate for purpose or falsified. One problem, of course, is that not only do they propose a totally unknown mechanism for GCRs modulating climate, but they have failed to adequately explain while everything we know about the physics of CO2 and long-wave infrared radiation is wrong … really, you’d be better of learning science from legit sources of science rather than the denialsphere. If CO2 levels have been constant at 280ppmv until the onset of industrialisation, how does climate science account for the so-called Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age? Sounds to me like you’re buying into yet another denialist meme, i.e. climate science insists that only varying CO2 levels can affect climate. Is there any evidence of CO2 variation causing those changes (which according to what I have read so far were global, not just local)? More proof that you’re getting your information from the denialsphere, rather than science. Joe Cushley: September 6th, 2011 at 12:19 PM Re: yes, this is boring, Richard. ‘What you’ve read so far’ is obviously denialist clap-trap. As I said, Start Here button, and come back when you’ve got a grasp of the very basics. September 6th, 2011 at 12:35 PM > Richard bird > By “higher altitude” i meant high in the atmosphere. Read the link I gave you all the way to the bottom; understand how both altitude and “partial pressure” work — your answer is there. September 6th, 2011 at 12:42 PM > http://www.realclimate.org/?comments_popup=8614#comment-213823 Did anyone find the answer to the questions (the inline reply) for Forrest Mims there? I don’t think he’s come back to answer them, and I couldn’t find that he’s published what he posted here. Perhaps he was challenging the readers to take the data source he named and do their own statistics? Bengt A: September 6th, 2011 at 4:38 PM What’s your say on this one? A paper that seems to confirm the findings in Svensmarks paper on Forbush decreases (2009). From the conclusion …The result strongly supports the idea that cosmic rays influence the atmospheric processes and climate…” CM: September 6th, 2011 at 5:22 PM Hank #161, re: the Oulu trend claim and Eric’s inline question at #88 I’ll hazard a guess. His $y$ is the Oulu neutron count rate, the unit of his $x$ is months, and he did an OLS fit to the monthly data. (Doing the same I get $y = 0.3812x + 6032$, pretty close to what he reported, though I’m not sure why
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His captors grunted, forced him deeper into the lapping water. It felt like a thousand tongues. He tried not to look. "You gotta wash, not swim," said the woman on his right. "White man is a big baby when he don't have a gun." Dash wanted to tell them he'd never owned a gun, never even fired one. He had friends who shot deer and even moose up in Maine. But they weren't good friends, just people he knew, really. You might even call them strangers. Sure, there were rusty antique weapons hanging in his father's shop, but Dash only wanted to fish as a kid. He was a boy who set model airplanes on fire, left the real killing to others. He was pushed deeper. "I just wanted to fish." The heat was stirred by a headwind that carried the noise of seagulls and distant waves crashing over a partially exposed reef. The shells underfoot were all razors and broken glass, shredding the pads of his delicate feet and surely tantalizing the deadliest species with fresh blood. The trio splashed into water that surged and pulled, the bottom becoming slick rocks and sea grass that tangled around his ankles. They stopped when he was waist deep, rolling waves pushing at his damaged crotch, extra material an underwater cloud, a blue jellyfish hugging a too pale man. The women loosened their grip, allowed him to take two more steps forward on his own. Dash swayed in the cool water, all the color returning to his world. He dropped open hands to the surface, fingers spread and palms slightly cupped. He turned slowly, creating a light wake behind each hand, careful not to slip on the unstable bottom. His back to the sun, he saw the world come into full focus. Framed by his two escorts—both frowning, middle-aged women with chocolate skin and wild black hair—was a panorama of unimaginable beauty. He stood gaping at a tropical paradise as the woman to his right fumbled a hand into her bra, produced a sliver of soap, and tossed it at him. "Be sure to scrub that calf meat real good." She licked her lips, then turned and trudged back toward dry land. "Yeah, and get both them ears clean," said the other, gripping her own ears and waggling. "They good and chewy." He began to lather his whole body. * * * Dash scanned the heavens beyond the clusters of puffy clouds, numb penis in his right hand, soapy underpants at his knees. He tried recalling a snippet of prayer from one of the half-dozen times his grandmother had bundled him off to church without his father's knowledge, but too many years had passed, and he'd been too young. He'd only hoped for something generic, since no rural Vermonter had risen in church to ask God's help for his sort of ailment. He mostly remembered the shiny pews that made your thigh skin squeal when you slid in shorts and the smell of hair tonic. Even the songs he'd stood up to sing next to his Nanna were long gone. There was nothing in the sky but clouds and the airplane cabin's fading image. An old lady hunched over, hands below the hem of her flowered dress, appalled by what he was doing. He couldn't stop himself any more than she could have stopped praying. They'd faced death via two different paths. He should be grateful his parts were still attached, and that he'd washed up in a paradise inhabited by cranky natives instead of on the shores of hell. Where was the lady? Probably with Cindy at the bottom of the ocean. A girl was sitting in a patch of black sand drawing with a twig when Dash hauled himself out of the water, exhausted from fighting the slight current. Had she been there during his examination? No cuts or scars, and it remained the same pink color. But the entire package was devoid of feeling, tip to testicles. He'd used his middle finger to flick the end, but felt nothing. He'd shaken and tugged, then stopped to catch his breath and fend off panic. He slapped his member against the water, threatened and then pleaded for its forgiveness. The girl's large brown eyes found him, and he was embarrassed about his drooping underwear and what she must have witnessed. "Food's not ready." She tossed the stick and wiped away her artwork. "I came early. Men are drinking clap-clap and are all piss and wind." "My name is Dash. The women said you'd come." "I'm Tiki. You looking for your airplane?" "I don't know what I'm looking for, but it's beautiful here. This is an island?" The girl nodded. "I'm sorry the airplane killed your fish. I was only a passenger." "Not your fault. Manu says the Volcano was angry. She threw a stone and made your airplane fall. There's another." She pointed past him, and he turned to look up at shiny hints of distant metal, long contrails beginning to twist apart at their far ends. He made old man sounds when he dropped onto a mound of hardened lava, knees popping. "Did anyone else survive?" She shook her head. "You're the only one. Fish ate what the Sea God didn't want." "The volcano erupted?" "Just one stone." She used her thumb to indicate the barren mountain rising from the center of the island, a soaring brown monolith producing a ribbon of white smoke. "I've only seen volcanoes on television." She leaned toward him to whisper, "She has a bad temper." "It's incredible," he whispered back. "I guess the smoke means it really is active. That it's alive." She tilted her head at him. "How else would she throw stones?" "Right," he said, reasonably sure the engines had been starved of fuel, or died from a catastrophic failure of a bad wiring job. Or terrorists. "I guess that makes sense." "People who hunted for your airplane pieces said we should move far away. They said the Volcano will kill our village soon. Manu told them people can't hide from a god. God want to eat you, then you will get eaten no matter what island you go to. Manu said those people had nice clothes and fancy boat, but were dumb as shitter bugs." She wrinkled her nose. "Ever see what a shitter bug does?" He shook his head. "Has it been smoking like that for a long time?" Tiki shrugged, got to her feet. A pretty child—maybe ten years old—with wide eyes and smooth skin, she had a mass of thick hair halfway down her back, brushed to a deep shine. She wore the same style underpants as everyone else. She leaned in close again and lowered her voice. "She smokes when she's angry, which is most of the time. Her temper is worse than boy warriors who drink too much clap-clap. Warriors get angry because they have nobody to fight. Maybe it's the same thing for the Volcano God." "The volcano wants to fight?" "She is surrounded by water, has no enemies. Eating people is the only thing left to make her happy." The narrow trail of smoke was an unbroken line connecting the mountain to the horizon. Would it bring rescue? How far did it hold together for people to see? If it really came from the mouth of a god, maybe it traveled all the way to where they'd lifted off, the perfect white smoke mixing with the yellow smog over Los Angeles. The thought made him feel less isolated, if only for a few seconds. "Should be time for food," said the girl. "You look hungry as a volcano." She was looking up at him, smiling with a flawless set of round teeth that he caught himself inspecting for bits of human flesh. * * * The path brought them up a slope toward a thick jungle, where soaring palms with clusters of heavy looking fruit stood sentry. Dash had researched exotic honeymoon spots, read trivia with regard to the number people killed by falling coconuts. One writer compared the fruit to dangling bowling balls, taking many more lives than great white sharks. Tiki plunged them into humid darkness. Vines hung from a low canopy that had been chopped into a tunnel, brown cuttings lining the way. He struggled to keep up, legs and lungs pushed to their new pathetic limits for a man who'd lived his entire life in a mountainous state. Rivers of sweat poured from his body, clumps of tiny bugs riding the rapids. He eyed the girl's bouncing hair as she skipped and did pirouettes, naked back dry and insect free, apparently too young for the bra tops worn by the cranky women. The path leveled and they emerged into a sunny clearing. He bent at the middle, grabbed at his sweaty knees, suddenly sure his heartbeat would never slow. Through his straggly hair, he could see they were at the perimeter of a village composed of dozens of thatched huts. Busy brown people were doing chores in similar Western-style underwear. A boy probably seven or eight ran to Dash, who

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my life has ended, then I consider my work done here. Let’s just say I’m a bit more than skeptical of my ability to write something worth reading, so I’ll settle for that. Being quoted in a positive way means you’ve said something insightful, and for someone other than yourself to acknowledge that is an honor. Through your words, you may help others find the truth they seek. What is your truth? Each of us endowed with a sound mind possesses the power to direct others, insofar as they will allow. Everyone is different; each person susceptible to varying degrees of suggestion and control. To be on either end of the spectrum can be a blessing or a curse. Someone impressionable can be taught with ease, but will fall prey to deception more often. Stubborn individuals won’t be swayed so easily, but this quality can backfire in the face of genuine helpful advice. What is “making it” exactly? How do you measure success? Personally, I measure it by how much you’ve helped others according to your ability. Bill Gates has helped by giving an enormous amount to charity (not to mention everything he did for technology), and believe it or not even people like Kanye West have done much for the world. Think of all the people his music has pleased, or how many youth it has helped get through a tough day. You can have all the riches or genius in the world, but if none of it has been put towards making the world a better place then that person is no better than me who has also contributed nothing. I’d say they are worse, even, because they have the wealth to do so and I do not. “Let he who is without sin cast the first stone.” I’m not religious by any means, but I feel some of the messages are still applicable today. As is anyone, I’m far from perfect. There’s no question that I’m selfish in some ways. It’s the main reason I don’t want any children. To be a good parent you need to dedicate your life to your children; you are no longer living for just yourself, you’re also living for them. I can’t deal with the weight of that responsibility. I want my free time to be me time. I want to be able to skydive out of a plane with no parachute and blast off to the next dimension (hopefully) at a moment’s notice. How are you supposed to do that in good conscience when there’s people depending on you? I don’t think you can outside of extreme circumstances. For example: if someone is in constant pain every single day, physical or mental, I believe they should be able to decide whether they want to live or die with no repercussions. It’s widely regarded to be extremely selfish to commit suicide. I don’t consider it extremely selfish, but I can’t deny that someone who commits it might not realize the harm they are inflicting on others in doing so. On the other hand, you also have to consider that expecting a person to continue living in misery just so you don’t have to be sad is also selfish. I’m not the most hard-working person. In fact, if you were to put me in a group of 100 people, chances are high I’m the most lazy person in the mix. I can’t put a finger on why, I’ve just always been this way. If a project was due in school, I would never finish it. I’d never even START it. However, my laziness does not permeate every single aspect of my life. When it comes to certain things, I’m very willing. One of those things is reading; there’s a good chance I’ll read an entire page’s worth about a topic that is completely inconsequential to me. At the very least I have a thirst for knowledge, and I’m grateful for that. Unfortunately, most of the knowledge I’ve acquired has no useful application towards building a livelihood. Regarding what I know about, I won’t bother to go too in depth because I don’t feel that it’s interesting or impressive. Mostly it’s knowledge of entertainment, something I’ve consumed daily for a great portion of my life. Music, movies, TV shows, games. I can hold a conversation if it’s on one of those topics, I’ll even offer suggestions based on your taste. But I can’t do small talk or introductions. Small talk and introductions are a crippling weakness of mine. Why? I don’t go to school (yet?). I don’t have kids. I don’t have plans. If asked about any of those things, the best I can offer is “Uhh…”. This has led me to become sort of a pariah; you can imagine the reaction of your average person who often measures theirs and others’ worth solely by what they contribute to society. I may as well be a social leper. I’ve been looked at with degrees of disdain and disappointment that I wouldn’t wish on my worst enemy. So instead of risk having to deal with this reaction, oftentimes I just forgo meeting or talking to people at all. Admittedly, this hasn’t been the best course of action on my part. I agree with the “It’s not what you know, it’s who you know” sentiment a good deal, although what you know definitely matters. I don’t know many people, nor do I know anything particularly profitable, so I haven’t made it very far in life. This has mostly been due to inaction on my part.Termination of pregnancy in Papua New Guinea: the traditional and contemporary position. There appears to be an increasing need and demand for medical termination of pregnancy both in Papua New Guinea (P.N.G.) and in the developing world generally. Experience elsewhere has demonstrated that where this is denied the mortality and morbidity associated with recourse to illegal abortion is unacceptably high. It is important that all health workers in P.N.G. especially practising clinicians, those in position of authority and those planning the future needs of P.N.G., fully appreciate the advantages of safe medical termination of pregnancy, and understand the legal statutes which delineate the rights of the mother and foetus and define the conditions under which qualified medical practitioners can legally terminate pregnancies.Niche: Big Tits, Cumshot, Natural BoobsDescription: Back in the room at Hooter Hotel in Europe, Mr. Johnson, talent scout for SCORE, gets the knock, correction, knockers, at the door that he has been waiting for. Earlier, Johnson had called the British front desk concierge Mandy Pearl for the masseuse to come up. He needed some stress busting relief after the non-stop parade of beauties entering his room and rolling around his bed naked and masturbating to orgasm, leaving him with a swollen nutbag. The massage girl finally arrives and he is delighted to see her, ogling her from head to toe. Kristy Klenot is the resident masseuse and she is a corker. Short, shapely and pretty, Kristy has a beautiful, sexy body and speaks in accented English with an erotic flavor. Why do chicks with European accents sound so sexy? Kristy wastes no time giving Johnson an eyeful, removing her robe, removing her bra, panties and heels, and climbing onto the bed totally naked. Kristy warms up her hands by rubbing her clit and tits. This way, Johnson won't be chilled by cold hands when she begins her massage. She sits at the edge of the bed and goes right to the package, rubbing, squeezing, jerking and wiping his cock on her tits. Always ready to lend a hand, Kristy has a nice, firm grip on things. This is one of the best massages Johnson ever had. They move onto the bed and Kristy continues her cock rubdown. She gets into the best tit-fuck position, on her back, so Johnson can slide back and forth between her sexy cleavage. Kristy tells him she wants his hot cum and that he should cum on her body. Hearing that, staring into her wide eyes, Johnson pops his nuts all over her tits and on some of her face. Good things cum in small packages and her name is Kristy Klenot. Later on that day, Johnson prepares to check out. He returns his key to front desk but concierge Mandy makes him wait so she can give him a final naked boobie show until he returns one day to Hooter Hotel. Hooter Hotel. Where no one dresses like a big mouse and there are no thrill rides. But it has got the hottest, slinkiest bra-busting staff west of Budapest. Pornstars: Mandy PearlDuration: 02:00Submitted By Website: Score HD VideosClick Site Name for More Movies2257 If You love big tits like we do you will love this website featuring busty, well endowed girls. Big Boobs or big natural tits are well represented. Large Fake Breasts and Massive Mammories are the main feature on our tube site. No blind links or tricks, just great movies with voluptuous stacked babes that love showing off their ample assets.40 Hottest Tampa Bay Buccaneers Cheerleaders & Sexy Superfans Today we tackle the Tampa Bay Buccaneers cheerleaders and superfans. Like most of you, we are itching for football season to start. In the midst of the dog days of summer, many

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[0]); while ((s = itr.Next()) >= 0) new DPusher(DPusher::p_current, l->args[3] ? l : NULL, l->args[1], l->args[2], NULL, s); l->special = 0; break; } case PointPush_SetForce: // push/pull if (l->args[0]) { // [RH] Find thing by sector FSectorTagIterator itr(l->args[0]); while ((s = itr.Next()) >= 0) { AActor *thing = P_GetPushThing (s); if (thing) { // No MT_P* means no effect // [RH] Allow narrowing it down by tid if (!l->args[1] || l->args[1] == thing->tid) new DPusher (DPusher::p_push, l->args[3] ? l : NULL, l->args[2], 0, thing, s); } } } else { // [RH] Find thing by tid AActor *thing; FActorIterator iterator (l->args[1]); while ( (thing = iterator.Next ()) ) { if (thing->GetClass()->TypeName == NAME_PointPusher || thing->GetClass()->TypeName == NAME_PointPuller) { new DPusher (DPusher::p_push, l->args[3] ? l : NULL, l->args[2], 0, thing, int(thing->Sector - sectors)); } } } l->special = 0; break; } } } // // phares 3/20/98: End of Pusher effects // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void sector_t::AdjustFloorClip () const { msecnode_t *node; for (node = touching_thinglist; node; node = node->m_snext) { if (node->m_thing->flags2 & MF2_FLOORCLIP) { node->m_thing->AdjustFloorClip(); } } } 140056 1 0 1 1 0 Match reaction: Bath Rugby 12 Sale Sharks 3 March 6, 2015 00:00 Mike Ford was a relieved figure at the final whistle after seeing Bath end a disastrous sequence of results in the Aviva Premiership to move back up into second position and keep their play-off charge firmly alive. Ford’s men had experienced a poor spell in the Aviva Premiership since Christmas, collecting ten points in the league from their last six games – only London Welsh have scored fewer, tumbling from second to fifth. But in difficult conditions, Tom Homer kicked four penalties to edge Bath to a narrow 12-3 win against Sale Sharks, with England back-up No.10 Danny Cipriani adding a solitary kick for the visitors. It was far from a classic performance from Bath – they have now not scored a try in the league for over four hours – but it was all about the win and re-establishing their Premiership position according to Ford. “Sale are a tough side, they’re difficult to beat home or away,” said Ford. “The way they compete at the breakdown, they’re tough to play against and I think you probably saw that tonight. “If you don’t get a score in front, they have the capability to stay in it and nick games like this – they did it to us last year and we learned our lessons from that. “It was three defeats on the spin before this game tonight and it was all about just getting back on the horse – we have a break now in the league after this win. “The internationals will be over by then, we’ll have everyone back and then it’s case of seeing what the rest of the season holds for us. “I thought our defence was outstanding, it was good last week as well and Sale never looked like scoring. “I thought perhaps we were a little fortunate after the break and that wind really helped us but I am pleased overall. “I thought we were better in the second half in terms of keeping the ball in the right areas. “It’s frustrating to have your international players sitting in the stands and watching on but their first game back will be against Leinster in Dublin and so I think their recent experiences will help us.” Sale boss Steve Diamond refused to be too downcast with his side’s performance after a gritty showing at the Recreation Ground – they made over 70 tackles in the first-half. He said: “We put a lot of hard work and endeavour into the game and it’s frustrating not to have got anything out of the game. “I thought we probably should have gone for the posts in the second half and pick up an away bonus point but the team and the captain decided not to and kicked for touch instead. “This result shows the difference between us and the top four sides, our players turn out every week, we don’t have a big squad and I thought we just looked tired when we got the ball tonight. “We welcome the break, we have three home games coming up and we just want to pick up some points and keep challenging these sides like Bath. “It was a good defensive display and I think in the first half our tackle count had a 95 per cent success, it was very pleasing and I think our performance was enough to warrant something from this game. “We just got a little bit flustered, we didn’t show enough composure and that’s very frustrating – it’s something for us to work on.”# All Reuquired: JAVA_HOME, python, maven # Windows_Required: VS command prompt with C++ tools (for z3) # For VEX (we didnt test other gcc): # Windws: MinGW64 gcc/g++ 4.8 # Linux: gcc/g++ 4.8 all: vex vex: make -C jnit/ all 147 B-schools shut down during 2013-14; AICTE issues list The management programmes education in India is loosing its shine day by day. The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi has released that, around 147 B-schools in India has closed their doors, during 2013-14. Figures shows that these are the B-schools and MBA offering engineering institutions has been closed down. The number of institutions offering PGDM (Postgraduate Diploma in Management) has been closed down from 606 to 600. Maharashtra state is in the first place in closing the B-schools with 24 colleges. Tamil Nadu is in second position with 23 colleges closure followed by Andhra Pradesh with 19. Among the other states, only Bihar, Jharkhand and Kerala have shown growth by adding new institutions. The reason for closure is because of lack of facilities. The decrease in number had started couple of years ago after the dip in the number of registration for Common Admission Test (CAT), Common Management Admission Test (CMAT) and respective state management entrance exams. The Director of Great Lakes Institute of Management, T N Swaminathan said "For instance, of the 1.93 lakh candidates who registered for CAT this year only 1.53 lakh took the exam. Some who paid did not take the exams. And those who took the exam are choosy so reputed B-schools are not affected but others are."Resource Center Menu Video Gallery At Floyd Brace Company, we take great pride in the orthotic, pedorthotic and prosthetic solutions we provide to our patients. Please select one of our videos to see our solutions in action to see how we can help you.Kristi Scales, the sideline reporter for the Dallas Cowboys radio network, answered questions during an online chat with readers Tuesday. Here are some of the highlights: Question: I always see Rod Marinelli quotes on Twitter and most of them usually have an F-bomb. Is he one of the more intense coaches you've seen with the Cowboys? Scales: "Rod Marinelli is a true gentleman and one of my favorite people in covering this team for 26 seasons. He loves to talk about history and family, all good things. He's the nicest guy on the planet. But when he's on the field yelling at players, he says words that he wouldn't use in normal non-football conversation. I can think of several coaches over the years who are the same way. I love Mike Zimmer, but a full bar of soap couldn't wash his mouth out following a practice. Wow! Standing on an NFL sideline, you learn new and extraordinary uses of the English language ... like how an F-bomb can be used as a verb, adjective, noun and dangling preposition ... all in one sentence!" Question: How much trouble are the Cowboys going to be in if Crawford has to miss an extended

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extradite him pursuant to article 8 to any of the States mentioned in paragraph I of this article. 3. This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with internal law. Article 6 1. Upon being satisfied, after an examination of information available to it, that the circumstances so warrant, any State Party in whose territory a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is present shall take him into custody or take other legal measures to ensure his presence. The custody and other legal measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may be continued only for such time as is necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted. 2. Such State shall immediately make a preliminary inquiry into the facts. [snip] Article 7 1. Upon being satisfied, after an examination of information available to it, that the circumstances so warrant, any State Party in whose territory a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is present shall take him into custody or take other legal measures to ensure his presence. The custody and other legal measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may be continued only for such time as is necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted. 2. Such State shall immediately make a preliminary inquiry into the facts. I’m no lawyer, but there would appear to be no wiggle room involved. Either we prosecute, or we extradite our war criminals so another nation can prosecute for us. We signed the Convention. We’re bound by it. Uber-wingnut Gordon Klingenschmitt is now praying — in Jesus’ name, of course — for God to strike down Mikey Weinstein of the Military Religious Freedom Foundation and Barry Lynn of Americans United for Separation of Church and State. You can listen to the prayer here. It’s what they call an “imprecatory prayer,” the same thing Southern Baptist Convention officer Wiley Drake did against Barry Lynn and others before. It’s basically a curse, praying to God to kill those you pray against. Here’s a transcript: “One-Minute Prayer: Let us pray. Almighty God, today we pray imprecatory prayers from Psalm 109 against the enemies of religious liberty, including Barry Lynn and Mikey Weinstein, who issued press releases this week attacking me personally. God, do not remain silent, for wicked men surround us and tell lies about us. We bless them, but they curse us. Therefore find them guilty, not me. Let their days be few, and replace them with Godly people. Plunder their fields, and seize their assets. Cut off their descendants, and remember their sins, in Jesus’ name. Amen.” Cute how he’s asking God to find him not guilty. Seems like he’s afraid someone might think he’s guilty. I wonder if he wonders if his magic sky-daddy might be a little bit upset at him for wishing ill on another human being, eh? The new Washington Post/ABC news poll has all sorts of intriguing numbers in it but when you are looking for clues as to where the two parties stand politically there is only one number to remember: 21. That’s the percent of people in the Post/ABC survey who identified themselves as Republicans, down from 25 percent in a late March poll and at the lowest ebb in this poll since the fall of 1983(!). It’s a great thing to know that only 1/4 of my country is batshit fucking insane. Share the Verdad: So, my stepmother emails me today to say I might want to reconsider that trip to Mexico I’m planning, WHO’s issued a phase-4 alert, and swine flu’s on everybody’s mind. Let’s check in on the Cons and see how they’re reacting. “Some people think that declaring a state of emergency about the flu was a political thing to push the Sebelius nomination through,” said Wright. She pointed to news stories that ask whether the slow-walking of the Sebelius choice will hurt the response to the flu. “If there’s even a hint that [Department of Homeland Security] is manipulating the health situation to push a political appointee through, well, it almost defies imagination that they’d be willing to that.” The GOP has allowed a critical department to remain without a leader, when they haven’t the votes to stop the nomination and are simply making noise to appease their forced-birth base. But pointing out that fact as America confronts a possible flu pandemic is “political.” The right is responding to the public health emergency about as you’d expect. Some are accusing the administration of deliberately overreacting. Others see an elaborate conspiracy to get Americans to “respond to government orders.” Others still see a different conspiracy to get Kathleen Sebelius confirmed. Just another day in conservative political discourse. It’s pathetic that this is the expected reaction from the rabid right – and that the rabid right includes ostensibly mainstream conservatives. On February 5, Karl Rove took to the pages of the Wall Street Journal to argue against President Obama’s Economic Recovery and Reinvestment Act because, in his view, the spending was not targeted to create or preserve jobs. In particular, Rove complained about the fact that the bill included “$900 million for pandemic flu preparations.” He contended that such spending was unnecessary because the health care sector “added jobs last year.” Rep. David Obey (D-WI) included the pandemic preparation funding in the package because he believed “that a pandemic hitting in the midst of an economic downturn could turn a recession into something far worse.” But Rove was not concerned with the actual substance of the funding. COLLINS: There’s funding to help improve our preparedness for a pandemic flu. There is funding to help improve cyber security. What does that have to do with an economic stimulus package? [CNN, 1/31/09] [snip] After the funding was stripped, another moderate Republican attempting to appear tough on “unnecessary” spending in the recovery package, Sen. Arlen Specter (R-PA), endorsed Collins’ crusade against the pandemic preparedness funding on Fox News: MS. KELLY: Okay. $780 million for pandemic flu preparedness, in or out? SEN. SPECTER: Out. Very important projects, I took the lead along with Tom Harkin on some massive funding for pandemic flu, but it belongs in our regular appropriations bill. Well, in retrospect, it seems that stripping that funding from the stimulus might not have been such a great idea after all. There’s just this thing about massive pandemics – when everybody’s sick, dying, or staying home, the economy sorta kinda takes a hit. And if the Cons hadn’t spent the last eight years destroying the CDC, it might not have been so necessary to have that funding in the stimulus in the first place, because we would’ve already been prepared. What else did the right oppose recently? I just want enough information to take cover. Ditto. They may be a bunch of outright fucking idiots, but it seems their record’s very good on predicting disasters by refusing to fund them. Of course, going back to our original point, these fucktards aren’t going to see this as a wake-up call. After all, their prominent voices are already screeching about how Obama caused this whole outbreak, and their paranoid little minds probably will tie this neatly together with Erick Erickson’s insane post: It’s always been impossible to take Erick Erickson, RedState’s editor, seriously. When we last heard from the fairly prominent conservative blogger, he was writing about violence against elected public officials who were regulating chemicals in dishwasher detergent. It gives one a sense of the guy’s credibility and level of seriousness. Today, Erickson was in rare form, accusing President Obama of taking active, deliberate steps to encourage a deadly terrorist attack against the United States. He wasn’t kidding — Erickson seriously seems to believe the president wants terrorists to kill Americans. The best strategy would look something like taking a band-aid off quickly. Get the pain over fast. And if an attack happens quickly enough into the new administration, they can blame Bush. So the Obama administration is working hard to release all the memos on interrogations, change all the policies Bush implemented, and clear out the old as fast as possible. Never mind that if it were done slowly over time, our terrorist enemies might not be so incited to attack. If your working premise is that they are going to attack anyway, get them incited quickly, get it over with, and blame Bush. There is no other justification for so quickly making us less safe. When this truly insane idea sparked some criticism, Erickson, apparently playing by junior-high-school rules, “Truth hurts I guess.” Let’s also not forget that Erickson is not a fringe, obscure right-wing blogger, but a prominent conservative voice and a writer popular in the Bush White House. Anyone taking bets on how soon we’ll see prominent Cons spinning stories about some al Qaeda plot to give us all the swine flu at Obama’s bidding? My money’s on the next thirty seconds. Share the Verdad: You all know I buggered off to watch House last night. And that’s the inspiration for today’s poetry. I’m not a huge fan

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to cache) indefinitely, allowing future replay. Depending on the capabilities of available tools, computing and storage resources, curatorial workforce, intended use cases, and objectives, a web archive may choose to preserve complete *HTTP* *Request* and *Response* messages, *DNS* resolutions, *TLS* exchanges, and other provenance metadata for each observation. Two standards are widely used in web archiving: *WARC files* [@warcformat; @warcintro] for preservation of observations and the *Memento protocol* [@memento:rfc] for datetime content negotiation at replay. Most web archives preserve these resources in the well-established *ISO* standard *WARC* file format, which is a container file for an arbitrary number of records and metadata. *WARC* is somewhat like *tarball*, but for web archiving, in which individual *HTTP* transactions and other record types are prefixed with *HTTP*-like *WARC headers* for additional metadata and record length (for framing). The *Memento* protocol specifies time-based content negotiation so that a user-agent can request a representation of an original *resource URI* (or *URI-R*) at or close to a given time through intermediation of a *TimeGate resource* (or *URI-G*). This past version can be from a version-aware origin server itself (e.g., *Git* and *Wiki*) or an observation recorded by a third party web archive (e.g., [archive.org](archive.org), [archive.is](archive.is), and [perma.cc](perma.cc)). A *memento* is a timestamped archived version of a resource representation that can be retrieved from a *memento URI* (or *URI-M*). A *composite memento* is an archived web page along with all its page requisites observed in a small temporal window close to the primary web page that are necessary for its proper rendering and meaningful interactions. *Web Packaging* is an emerging standard [@webpackaging] that enables content aggregators and distributors to deliver related groups of resources from various origins to user-agents in the form of a package on behalf of publishers. It replaces a prior work called *Packaging on the Web* [@packagingweb]. Currently, its specification is split in three different modular layers, namely *Signing* [@wp:signing], *Bundling* [@wp:bundling], and *Loading* [@wp:loading]. The *Signed HTTP Exchanges* specification allows an origin to digitally sign one or more *HTTP Exchanges* (an *HTTP Exchange* is a pair of an *HTTP Request* and corresponding *HTTP Response*) so that they can be distributed on behalf of the origin by intermediaries while maintaining the authenticity of the content. The *Bundled HTTP Exchanges* specification describes how a group of one or more signed or unsigned *HTTP Exchanges* from one or more origins can be bundled together for distribution. The *Loading Signed Exchanges* specification describes a set of algorithms to check whether a signature on an exchange is valid. All three layers of *Web Packaging* have the potential to play a significant role in web archiving. They can help crawl resources more effectively, replay more accurately, and facilitate fixity and non-repudiation on archived resources. However, realizing that potential requires some changes to the specification as it stands. These changes include support for the *Memento* protocol and long-lived trust of signed exchanges. We urge the *Web Packaging* community to consider how it can help to archive the web.=-1 Web Packaging in Web Archiving ============================== Despite a wealth of activities, internationally, related to web archiving that started more than two decades ago, mainstream web systems and protocols have put insufficient emphasis on the need to be able to preserve web resources and access those preserved resources in the future. The focus of technical advancements is on speed, efficiency, user experience, and security, but lacks in consideration of archivability and access to archived resources as a significant aspect. This is disconcerting from a societal perspective, because without an archivable and archived web, revisiting the history of our era will be all but impossible [@webhistory]. When the *Web Packaging* specification was announced, the web archiving community took notice [@wpwarc:tweet] with the hope that it might help to mainstream web archiving. Some others from web publishing and personal archiving backgrounds were also interested in utilizing *Web Packaging* as a means to preserve content in an immutable manner with built-in long-term trust [@immutable:gh]. As a result an archival use case [@archuse:gh] was added, but with the requirement of the content being unsigned [@wpuse] to avoid expired signatures. The remainder of this section describes the benefits *Web Packaging* can bring to web archiving by facilitating effective crawling, accurate replay, and non-repudiation.=-1 Effective Crawling With Bundled HTTP Exchanges ---------------------------------------------- With the proliferation of *JavaScript* on the web it has become increasingly difficult to crawl web resources of a domain effectively and completely using traditional crawlers like *Heritrix* [@heritrix]. Resources that do not appear in the plain *HTML* or *CSS* and are fetched only after client-side rendering, and possibly after a user interaction, are often not preserved [@defrep]. Large-scale crawlers maintain a frontier queue using data structures like priority queue and a set of recently seen *URIs*. This means some page requisites may be captured long after their parent pages and by then their state might have changed. While there exist headless browser-based crawlers (e.g., *Brozzler*[^1] and *Squidwarc*[^2]), they are an order of magnitude or two slower than static crawlers. ***Bundled HTTP Exchanges* can be helpful in this case by serving a complete set of temporally coherent resources and saving the crawler from parsing a great deal of markup, assuming the server knows about all the requisites and bundles them effectively.** Coherent Replay With Bundled HTTP Exchanges ------------------------------------------- Web archives serve *mementos* on behalf of a different origin while the pages were designed with the original domain in mind. This poses many difficulties in replaying a *composite memento* correctly such as live-leakage [@zombies], temporal violations [@tempcoherence], origin violations [@originviolations], cookie violations [@cookieviolations], and broken links; all of which may yield a rendition of a page that never existed on the live web (e.g., a weather page saying sunny, but showing a rainy satellite image) [@oneinfive] and some may pose security risks [@rewritehist]. Archival replay systems often perform extensive *URL* rewriting to ensure that the subsequent page requisite requests are routed to the archives and not the live site or an invalid location. *URLs* that are generated by *JavaScript* are difficult to identify and rewrite, resulting in broken *composite mementos*. Proxy or browser extension-based solutions exist to mitigate this, but they do not work out of the box and require users to configure their browsers. Some replay systems use client-side rewriting (e.g., *Wombat* [@wombat]) or *Service Worker*-based rerouting (e.g., *Reconstructive* [@reconstructive; @ipwb]) to ensure that requests maintain the desired origin boundary. The *UK Web Archive* limits its replay to certain whitelisted sites that adhere to and advertise certain usage policies, and otherwise returns an *HTTP 451* status code [@http451:rfc]. It whitelists some domains like `twitter.com`, but fails to recognize its *CDNs*, resulting in broken pages. We envision a future in which web archives would have preserved signed or unsigned *Bundled HTTP Exchanges* related to a requested *composite memento* or could effectively identify all the resources needed (from one or more origins) for it to bundle them all in a single unsigned package with appropriate origin boundaries. This means the user-agent would not need to resolve for any resources on the live web to render the *composite memento*, thus avoiding many of the issues listed above. This also means that archival replay systems would not need aggressive *URL* rewriting and could serve originally preserved bytes on behalf of respective origins (except a few places where some rewriting might be inevitable). We believe that effective use of *Bundled HTTP Exchanges* can eventually solve many archival replay problems, resulting in temporally coherent and accurate *composite mementos*. It is worth noting that *mementos* served from a web archive are “a representation of a resource at a *URI* **as observed at a given time in the past**” instead of “a representation of a resource at a *URI*”, hence there might be many timestamped versions of the same resource in *Bundles* and *HTTP cache*. Currently, *Loading Signed Exchanges* favor the most recent version from a *stashed exchange* or *HTTP cache*, but in an archival context every version is equally as important. *Memento* compliant web archives resolve to a specific version of a resource when the *TimeGate* associated with that resources receives a request with an `Accept-Datetime` header. The returned *memento* has a *Memento-

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this situation, the gears are being engaged in the transmission mechanism. In the mechanism thus configured to transmit the torque by engaging the gearing mechanisms, the gears are still allowed to rotate relatively in the amount of backlash even under the situation in which the torque is not applied thereto. Therefore, in case the engine of the stopping vehicle is kept driven but the torque is not applied to the transmission mechanism, the gears of the transmission mechanism are vibrated and hit against another gear meshing therewith. Consequently, a rattling noise occurs in the transmission mechanism. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 discloses a gear transmission device, in which a synchronizer ring used in a manual transmission is contacted frictionally with a driven gear to which torque is not being applied by moving the synchronizer ring in an axial direction. Under the neutral stage, a rotational speed of an input shaft becomes larger than that of an output shaft. Therefore, according to the teachings of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075, a predetermined rotary member on the output shaft is pushed in the axial direction utilizing such a speed difference, and the synchronizer ring is pushed by the predetermined rotary member to be contacted frictionally with the driven gear to which the torque is not being applied. In this situation, a braking torque is slightly applied to the driven gear. For this reason, vibrations and rattling of the driven gear can be reduced. Thus, the gear transmission device taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 is configured to utilize the frictional force of the synchronizer ring. Therefore, the gear transmission device taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 is capable of reducing the rattling of the manual transmission, however, the gear transmission device taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 cannot be applied to a vehicle which is not provided with a manual transmission. As described, in the known hybrid vehicle, the (internal combustion) engine and the electric motor are connected with the differential mechanism comprising three rotary elements such as a planetary gear mechanism, and an output element of the differential mechanism is connected with the output member through a gear to output the torque therefrom to the driving wheel. According to the hybrid vehicle thus structured, the neutral stage is established by idling the electric motor, and under the neutral stage thus established, the torque is not applied to the output member and the drive wheel. That is, in the hybrid vehicle, the engine is connected with the output member or the drive wheel in a manner to transmit the torque thereto even under the neutral stage as in the case of running the vehicle. In other words, under the neutral stage of the hybrid vehicle, the electric motor is idled and the torque thereof will not be applied to the output member and the drive wheel. This means that a power transmitting condition of a power transmission route from the engine to the drive wheel will not be changed in both drive stage and neutral stage. Therefore, in the hybrid vehicle, the gears on the power transmission route are vibrated by a fluctuation in the engine torque, and this makes a rattling noise. As described, the aforementioned synchronizer ring cannot be applied to a drive unit of the hybrid vehicle, therefore, the teachings of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-145075 cannot be applied to the hybrid vehicle to reduce vibrations and rattling of the gears.Reluctance of Delhiites to collect new secured number plates for their two-wheelers and four-wheelers may turn government’s high security registration plate (HSRP) project into a damp squib. So far, only 70,000 vehicle owners in Delhi have collected high security number plates for their vehicles, against 1.6 lakh new vehicle registrations made in the state in last five months. “Around 1,60,000 applications were made between May 2012-September 2012, but only 70,000 of the vehicles collected the number plates. 57% of the vehicle owners have not collected their high-security registration plate even after making the payment,” U R Kapoor, deputy director (operations) in Rosmerta Technologies, which is implementing the registration plate project in five states including Delhi, said. One of the reasons, why people are not collecting the number plates could be the lack of any penal provision. The Motor Vehicle Act clearly doesn’t mention the punitive action that could be taken if the owner fails to collect HSRP on time,” he added. There are 70 lakhs vehicles in Delhi and 4 lakh vehicles are added every month. The company is yet to start the process of rolling out the numbers for old vehicles. The problem is very specific to Delhi. In other centres there are delays in collection but vehicle owners finally collect the number plates. This is not only delaying the implementation of HSRP, but is also adding to our cost of the implementing agency. “Already, the margins in this business are wafer thin. We are not even making Rs 5 per number plate. We now, have to maintain a library where we are storing the number plates which was not collected by the users,” he added. The attempt to modernise number plates started in 2001 when the central government came out with a notification that all vehicles have to shift to the new security registration plates in a year. The implementation got delayed due to a plethora of court cases. The Supreme Court resolved the various contentious issues and is monitoring its implementation across the country. Most of the states have already awarded number plate contracts. Some key states — Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka, which constitute a large percentage of the vehicle population — have or are in the process of floating requests for proposals from private companies to implement the project. The new registration plate are meant for added security. In Delhi, the project last week was launched in April, 2012 and allotting of number plates started from May, 2012. A set of HSRP plates for four-wheelers cost Rs 334 and for two-wheelers Rs 111. Commercial vehicle owners need to shell out Rs 134 while Heavy Commercial Vehicles are required to pay Rs 258 (including taxes). However the company says that they had never anticipated the additional cost which they have had to incur as a result of the unexpected behaviour of the city's vehicle owners. Kapoor says they now have to pay for storage costs, making an SMS as well as calling those who have paid up to take their plates. The new registration plates, meant for added security is cast in aluminum plate that reflects light and carry a hologram issued by the state government hot-plated into the sheet. The registration number is embossed by special machines and a hot foil is rolled over the number. The plates are not fitted by screws but by a snap lock for which the owner of the vehicle had to go to the nearest regional transport office. High-security number plates fail to charm Delhiites So far, only 70,000 vehicle owners in Delhi have collected high security number plates for their vehicles Reluctance of Delhiites to collect new secured number plates for their two-wheelers and four-wheelers may turn government’s high security registration plate (HSRP) project into a damp squib. So far, only 70,000 vehicle owners in Delhi have collected high security number plates for their vehicles, against 1.6 lakh new vehicle registrations made in the state in last five months. Reluctance of Delhiites to collect new secured number plates for their two-wheelers and four-wheelers may turn government’s high security registration plate (HSRP) project into a damp squib. So far, only 70,000 vehicle owners in Delhi have collected high security number plates for their vehicles, against 1.6 lakh new vehicle registrations made in the state in last five months. “Around 1,60,000 applications were made between May 2012-September 2012, but only 70,000 of the vehicles collected the number plates. 57% of the vehicle owners have not collected their high-security registration plate even after making the payment,” U R Kapoor, deputy director (operations) in Rosmerta Technologies, which is implementing the registration plate project in five states including Delhi, said. One of the reasons, why people are not collecting the number plates could be the lack of any penal provision. The Motor Vehicle Act clearly doesn’t mention the punitive action that could be taken if the owner fails to collect HSRP on time,” he added. There are 70 lakhs vehicles in Delhi and 4 lakh vehicles are added every month. The company is yet to start the process of rolling out the numbers for old vehicles. The problem is very specific to Delhi. In other centres there are delays in collection but vehicle owners finally collect the number plates. This is not only delaying the implementation of HSRP, but is also adding to our cost of the implementing agency. “Already, the margins in this business are wafer thin. We are not even making Rs 5 per number plate. We now, have to maintain a library where we are storing the number plates which was not collected by the users,” he added. The attempt to modernise number plates started in 2001 when the central government came out with a notification that all vehicles have to shift to the new security registration plates in a year. The implementation got delayed due to a plethora of court cases. The Supreme Court resolved the various contentious issues and is monitoring its implementation across the country. Most of the states have already awarded number plate contracts. Some key states — Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka, which constitute a large percentage of the vehicle population — have or are in the process of floating requests for proposals from private companies to implement the

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dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles and the effect of intrapulmonary administration of SPIO and/or LPS on the polarization profile of AM subpopulations, monoclonal antibodies raised against either CD86 or CD206 were conjugated to the iron oxide nanoparticles to specifically target M1 or M2 macrophage subpopulations, respectively, in the lung of an LPS-induced COPD model and enable their noninvasive detection using MRI. Targeted magnetic nanoprobes have the potential to become highly selective imaging tools. The feasibility of successfully conjugating antibody molecules to SPIO nanoparticles was confirmed by the BCA assay, which revealed 15 μg of CD86 and 29 μg of CD206 antibodies per mg of SPIO nanoparticles, as well as the measurements of the hydrodynamic size, which indicated an increase in the nanoprobe size from 82.7 nm for non-conjugated to 133.7 and 123.0 nm for CD86 and CD206 antibody-conjugated SPIO nanoparticles, respectively. The size of administered nanoprobes to the lung is a key factor that regulates the delivery of therapeutics and contrast agents through the pulmonary route and particularly affects the rate of engulfment by AMs. Therefore, nanoparticles in the range of 100 nm were preferred for pulmonary administration in this study, as they should be small enough to pass through the conducting airways in the lung but not too small that they fail to deposit and are exhaled again.[@b35-ijn-9-1491] On the other hand, magnetic nanoparticles with increased r2 or r2\* transverse relaxivities are needed to enhance their contrast in MRI images and therefore their efficient detection, especially for pulmonary applications with very limited MRI signal in lung parenchyma. The PEGylated dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with an iron oxide crystallite diameter of 10--13 nm and a total size of \~100 nm were found to have very high r2 and r2\* relaxivities (229.48±3.44 and 264.52±4.16 mM^−1^ · s^−1^) for non-conjugated SPIO nanoparticles, which slightly decreased after conjugation with either CD86 (201.48±5.89 and 234.24±6.16 mM^−1^ · s^−1^ for r2 and r2\*, respectively) or CD206 (209.84±7.51 and 229.97±6.27 mM^−1^ · s^−1^ for r2 and r2\*, respectively) antibodies. This chemical composition was reported to facilitate the exchange and diffusion of water molecules to the magnetic core of the magnetic nanoparticles,[@b36-ijn-9-1491],[@b37-ijn-9-1491] and these relaxivity values were found to be much higher than the clinically approved MRI contrast agents Feridex® IV (Berlex Laboratories, Wayne, NJ, USA) and Resovist® (Bayer Healthcare, Berlin, Germany) that were reported in the literature.[@b38-ijn-9-1491],[@b39-ijn-9-1491] A free-breathing MRI protocol was then optimized to enable the simultaneous visualization of inflammation progression in the lung of LPS-induced COPD animal model and the noninvasive detection of M1 or M2 macrophage subpopulations, which were specifically targeted with the developed antibody-conjugated nanoprobes. The possibility of inflammation detection in the lung following LPS exposition using a free-breathing MRI protocol was first introduced by Beckmann et al[@b31-ijn-9-1491] using a gradient echo sequence with a high number of excitations (ie, Nex = 60).[@b40-ijn-9-1491] The absence of a lung parenchymal signal in combination with a background free of artifacts has provided a high contrast-to-noise ratio for the detection of signals in response to LPS challenge. However, this protocol was limited for the detection of iron oxide-based nanoparticles, which induce a negative contrast in MRI images. With the recent introduction of UTE pulse sequence in MRI[@b13-ijn-9-1491] and its validation as an approach particularly valuable in imaging lung tissue, which is characterized by very short T2\* relaxation time,[@b41-ijn-9-1491] Conti et al[@b42-ijn-9-1491] showed that UTE sequence is able to better detect inflammatory regions in lung parenchyma which were, in some slices, undetectable by standard gradient echo sequence. By using a very short TE (ie, TE =0.4 ms), UTE sequence enabled enough MRI signal in the parenchyma of lung and therefore offers the possibility of sensitively detecting magnetic nanoparticles in the lung. In the current study, following CD86- and CD206-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles, void signal dots related to targeting either M1 or M2 macrophages were successfully detected in the lung of COPD model (ie, 25% decrease in hyperintensity pixels) and were found to co-localize with the inflammatory regions induced by LPS challenge. The successful recruitment of antibody-conjugated SPIO nanoparticles by macrophage subpopulations in the lung following their intrapulmonary instillation was thus confirmed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analyses, which were also performed to characterize the polarization profile of targeted AMs. Following magnetic sorting of total cellular extracts of mice lungs, an overexpression of CD86 and CD206 was detected in the eluted bound fractions of CD86- and CD206-conjugated SPIO nanoparticles, respectively, confirming the selective targeting of M1 and M2 macrophage subpopulations, respectively. Besides, no variation in the expression of CD86 and CD206 was observed in the other groups. In accordance with these observations, a co-localization of either CD86- or CD206-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles revealed through positive Prussian blue staining was detected with either iNOS M1-specific or Arg1 M2-specific marker in LPS-induced lung using immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, no variation in the expression levels of iNOS and Arg1, which were highly expressed following LPS pulmonary challenge, was observed following the administration of the macrophage-targeted nanoprobes. Although it becomes evident that AMs are extremely versatile cells and can switch their polarization profile depending on the environmental conditions, a balanced proportion of macrophage subpopulations was found to predominate even though a continuum switch in their polarization might occur. Accordingly, this study provides preliminary evidence for the presence of a balanced number of M1 and M2 macrophages at early stages of LPS-induced inflammation, which we believe may continuously change their polarization state during the time course of inflammation. However, further confirmatory studies are needed to conclusively establish this phenomenon. Conclusion ========== In conclusion, AM polarization was extensively characterized after LPS and/or SPIO intrapulmonary administration. Specific biomarkers targeted to either M1 or M2 macrophage subpopulations were identified. Biocompatible antibody-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles have thus been reported in the current paper as a novel approach to specifically target one subpopulation of macrophages in the lung of a COPD animal model and enable their noninvasive tracking using a free-breathing MRI protocol. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed MRI readouts and suggested a balance in the number of M1 and M2 macrophages during the inflammatory process and after pulmonary administration of the nanoprobes that can serve as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. This work was supported by NPST Program, King Saud University; Project Number 11-MED1773. We thank Cordula Gruttner from Micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH for help in nanoparticle conjugation and Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas from the University of Lyon for helpful discussion. **Disclosure** The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. ![Number of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and total cells in BALF of (**A**) mice intrapulmonary exposed to LPS at different investigation time points, and (**B**) control, SPIO, LPS, and LPS-SPIO mice at 48 hours post-LPS challenge.\ **Notes:** Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, n=6 per group. ^\#^, ^‡^, \*, *P*\<0.05.\ **Abbreviations:** BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide; h, hours.](ijn-9-1491Fig1){#f1-ijn-9-1491} ![Measurement of IL-12 and CXCL-10 levels as markers of M1 macrophages and IL-4 and CCL-22 levels as markers of M2 macrophages in BALF of control, SPIO, LPS, and LPS-SPIO groups at 48 hours post-LPS challenge.\ **Notes:** Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, n=6 per group; \**P*\<0.05.\ **Abbreviations:** BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide; CXCL-10, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10; CCL-22, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22.](ijn-9-1491Fig2){#f2-ijn-9-1491} ![Relative gene expression of NOS-2, CXCL-10, and TNF as markers of M1 macrophages and CCL-17, CCL-22, Arg1, and IL-10 as markers of M2 macrophages in SPIO, LPS, and LPS-SPIO mice compared with control mice. GAPDH was analyzed as an internal control.\ **Note:** Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, n=6 per group.\ **Abbreviations:** Arg, arginase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CXCL-10, chemokine (

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you would be proud to present your credentials in the service of the SBC. I mean the CHURCH elevator, not just some random elevator here in this city. Maybe i didn't make myself clear. I think its a bit tacky and should be possibly REMOVED. Sort of like YOU were, I mean, if they remove you, they can remove your name from the elevator? A lighthouse attached to a parking garage about 20 miles from the Atlantic coast. Well, isn't that special. How much does FBC JAX pay in taxes for all their multi-level parking garages downtown. That real estate that has nothing to do with the free exercise of religion (worship) and can be used during the week to generate revenue apart from religious tithes or offerings. They must pay some tax, I just wonder what the rate might be, especially when taxes on my Jacksonville home are being increased. Heck, why not tax all church or other religious properties not used directly for religious worship? I am trying to be careful because there may be a lot of things about this matter that I do not know. Louis September 20, 2009 3:56 PM And that would be the point, precisely, concerning your expert legal analyses here. However much you know or do not know, you certainly are more than willing to slip in your opinion in the guise of legal expertise judiciously placing the above qualifiers as insurance. Well done. But that brings me to this: What, exactly then, would be your point in gracing us with your 'legal' analyses? To what end? "You are certainly free to question me and whether I am a lawyer. That is fine." And I thank you for granting me permission to do what has already been done. My mind is at rest. Readers - congrats to Jeff Brumley, the Florida Times Union who broke the FBC Jax/JSO story in April...as he won an award at the recent Regligion Newswriters Association convention in Minneapolis: "Religion Reporter of the Year--Mid-sized NewspapersPublications with weekday circulations between 50,001 and 150,000 compete in the Cornell Award. Jeff Brumley of The Florida Times-Union won first place for an extended look at how faith meets modern life. Judges said his stories "...provide authoritative voices for context but also give readers a glimpse of how regular folks fit in. The writing is smooth and easy to read." Brumley won $1,000." Brumley and the Times Union went with the FBC Jax/JSO story, and have continued to go after it, much to the dislike of the FBC Jax heavy-hitters. Even Brunson himself has whined from his pulpit about how the newspaper doesn't want to print positive stories about FBC Jax - which is totally ridiculous, if anyone who has been in Jacksonville for a decade or more knows. I like Jeff, and I believe he has done an excellent job in his writing on this story thus far - and has presented the facts in a fair and objective manner. Congrats to Jeff for the award and recognition received from his peers. Must be my day for disappointing people. I am going to decline becoming a source or a source of sources for blogs. I have nothing against the folks you mention. I think that the best sources for any research they might want to do are the court cases, which are public record and the church itself. All of the court opinions can be obtained from the clerks. I think that I cited the Court of Appeals opinion. The church would have, I suspect, the allegations made and the results of the church looking into those. The church is probably not interested in going through all of this, but I don't know. And some of the allegations are so both sensational and there was no confirming information found that the church would probably not want to repeat them by releasing any information. But I will leave that with them. "I think that the best sources for any research they might want to do are the court cases, which are public record and the church itself. All of the court opinions can be obtained from the clerks. I think that I cited the Court of Appeals opinion. The church would have, I suspect, the allegations made and the results of the church looking into those. The church is probably not interested in going through all of this, but I don't know. And some of the allegations are so both sensational and there was no confirming information found that the church would probably not want to repeat them by releasing any information. But I will leave that with them. " Now, that is too bad, Louis. Especially since you were so eager to defend Sutton by referencing them here without citing or linking source material. I am still confused why they would allow such a crook to teach Sunday School all those years leading up to his 'dissent' from Sutton. My how saved you are. I bet you've been in church for years. Decades even. Really, the more I read this stuff, I'd like to say I'm "shocked" but I'm really not surprised. I see zero evidence of God's supposed power from those that post from the FBC side. Really, what is your problem, FBC posters? Why do you come here? Why read this if it is causing you to sin? And in your beliefs, that is exactly what it is doing. Yet, you keep coming back. Weird, strange sayings from you people. One clown said he was now going to send in more money to FBC so as to help defeat Tom. Aside from the tasty irony in that statement, how strange you are, anonymous poster. Don't you want the courts to try and get to the truth? I do. What are you afraid of? The truth is the truth, and the truth is good. Yeah, I know already. You're afraid because you have something invested in the power part of FBC, and you can see the day coming when that side of FBC just might be embarrassed and kicked to the curb. Well, from my perspective as an atheist, your side has already had its ass thoroughly kicked and discredited. Making charges up and then having a detective on Mac's goon squad check them out. Yeah, that's Biblical. What a nest of vipers the leadership is down at FBC. A real brood - all wrapped up and sleeping in a tangled nest of lies. Tom, I'm convinced these anonymous posters coming here are deacons and other men in leadership positions at FBCJ. I'm sure of it. The rank and file at FBCJ are good people and would not stoop to such yellow-belly BS. That's what makes this so deliciously rich and satisfying, Tom. It's not just you doing the exposing - you're driving them to expose themselves. I have never threatened you! All I said was that you have made yourself a potential target of a subpoena by claiming inside knwowledge, and that subpoenaed non-espert witnesses do not get compensated. That was not a threat, it was a statement of fact. Get some education and some sense before you start accusing people of threatening you. False accusations can be considered libelous. Hi Johnny D - I truly hope you are wrong. I would like to think that these posters are young, over-zealous members who don't know any better. Arguments like "but you started it" must be coming from some very, very immature minds who believe right and wrong must be decided on who "started" something... Well, Tom, unlike FBC leadership, I can admit it when I am proven wrong. You may be right about the source, but these defense/attack posts from the other side are just too sustained, too regular. Personally, I give young people more credit than that. These posts are, in my opinion, coming from older, set-in-their ways folks in positions of power - positions they now see threatened. With the economy on the rocks, and now you exposing the FBC leadership for what it is, they have got to be looking at kicking out some on the payroll due to the decreased "tithes." We'll see eventually - especially if you do get your day in court and get your richly deserved vindication. Yes most of the people at FBC Jax are truly strange and weird. Same with FBC Dallas, but then most of them LIKELY aren't truly saved either. It's all about business and social connections for the most part. "Making charges up and then having a detective on Mac's goon squad check them out. Yeah, that's Biblical. What a nest of vipers the leadership is down at FBC. A real brood - all wrapped up and sleeping in a tangled nest of lies." THE "THE CHEST OF JOASH" letter states that the offering this year will go towards budget to help catch up the mininistry needs in the church. My unprofessional opinion is that Brunson is leading the charge in church spending - the chain of what the tradition was set up for has been broken - sorry to burst everyone's bubble, but it is no longer a "apecial tradition" as it once was. The letter also tells us that we are living in economically challenging days and need to take care of our own immediate needs at home - as the letter states "in times past, we have designated the offering for special projects, in times past, we did not witness this: "Land gift (contrary to Brunson's advice to pastors

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ia jasminoides attenuates hepatocellular injury and fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats and human hepatic stellate cells. World J Gastroenterol 18(48):7158–7165CrossRef 22. Zhang et al (2013) Antithrombotic activities of aqueous extract from Gardenia jasminoides and its main constituent. Pharm Biol 51(2):221–225CrossRef 23. Ding et al (2013) Potential hepatotoxicity of geniposide, the major iridoid glycoside in dried ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides (Zhi-zi). Nat Prod Res 27(10):929–933CrossRef © Springer-Verlag Wien 2015 Yanze Liu, Zhimin Wang and Junzeng Zhang (eds.)Dietary Chinese Herbs10.1007/978-3-211-99448-1_45 # 45. Ginkgo biloba L. 银杏 (Yinxing, Baiguo, Ginkgo) Yingqin Li1 and Chun Hu1 (1) Nutrilite Health Institute, 5600 Beach Blvd, Buena Park, CA 90621, USA Chun Hu Email: [email protected] ## 45.1 Botanical Identity is the only genus and species of the botanical family Ginkgoaceae, and is one of the best-known examples of a living fossil. This family of prehistoric trees once included several species which grew in abundance throughout the world (141–98 million years ago), but disappeared from the western North American fossil record (24–7 million years ago) [1]. Today, it is native only to China, with an annual production of 14,000 tons of ginkgo nut and 20,000 tons of ginkgo leaf primarily from Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Hubei, Anhui and Guangxi provinces [2]. The ginkgo genus name comes from the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese name for the plant-Gin Kyo or silver apricot. Its species name biloba reflects the often 2-lobed nature of the leaf. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, both ginkgo nuts and leaves are considered to have medicinal uses [3]. Baiguo (ginkgo nut or seed) is used in traditional Chinese medicine as food and medicine, and ginkgo leaf extract is a well known dietary supplement and pharmaceutical ingredients in global markets. The L. tree is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 40 m high and 3–4 m in diameter. Ginkgo is cultivated as an ornament worldwide in cool to sub-tropical regions, but is only cultivated medicinally in China. In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, ginkgo nuts are harvested in the fall and are processed by removing their outer fleshy sacrotesta and followed by washing, steaming or blanching, and drying. Ginkgo leaves are typically used in extract forms, produced from green leaves harvested between May and July when ginkgo leaves contain high amounts of active compounds. Leaves from young trees contain higher amount of active compounds than older trees [4]. The fresh leaves are dried immediately, extracted, purified through various methods, and followed by drying processes. Depending on the quality of the leaves and the processing procedures, in general, one kg of ginkgo leaves extract is produced from 35–67 kg of dried leaves (with an average of 50:1) (Fig. 45.1). Fig. 45.1 Ginkgo tree with fruits and fresh leaves (a) and Ginkgo nuts (b) ## 45.2 Chemical Constituents Ginkgo nuts are listed as an edible food in the Chinese Food Composition Table (2002) and as medicine in the Chinese Pharmacopioea. Ginkgo nuts contain 13.2 % (dry weight) protein, 1.3 % fat and 72.6 % carbohydrates. Ginkgo starch granules are oval or spherical, and while their amylose and pectinamymlose ratio and degree of polymerization vary among cultivars, a large portion of ginkgo starch is slowly digestible resistant starch [5]. Major phytochemicals in the nut include polyacetate derivatives such as alkyl phenolic acids and alkyl phenols, ginkgotoxin (4′-O-methyl pyridoxine), cyanophoric glycosides, phytohormone cytokine like components, gibberellin and asparagin. Ginkgo nuts contain same flavonoids as ginkgo leaves, but at lower contents (less than 0.1 %), however they contain the same terpene lactones as the leaves at higher contents [6]. Ginkgo nut oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids [7], including palmitic acid (5.7–6.7 %), palmitoleic acid (3.2–3.9 %), stearic acid (0.9–1.3 %), oleic acid (35.0–36.9 %), linoleic acid (40.4–42.9 %) and linolenic acid (1.7–5.5 %). Both ginkgo leaf and its extract are listed as medicinal ingredients in the Chinese Phamacopoeia. Their primary phytochemicals are flavonoids and terpene lactones. Minor compounds include polyacetate derivatives such as alkyl phenolic acids and alkyl phenols, ginkgotoxin, and miscellaneous organic and inorganic compounds. ### 45.2.1 Flavonoids Flavonoids are rare in gingko nuts [8], but abundant in ginkgo leaves. More than 30 flavonoids have been identified [9]. Flavonol glycosides from ginkgo include mono-, di- and tri-glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin, myricetin and 3′-methylmyricetin with glucose and rhamnose as sugar units (Fig. 45.2). Quercetin and kaempferol are the predominant aglycones and their 3-O-rutinoside and 3-O-biloside, acylated flavonol derivatives are the primary constituents of ginkgo leaves. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia requires minimum of 0.4 % ginkgo flavonol glycoside in dried leaves, and minimum 24 % in ginkgo leaf extract. Due to market competition and limited resources of feedstock, ginkgo leaf extract is known to be adulterated by non-ginkgo flavonoids to achieve commercial advantage. Adulteration can be identified by using the quantitative ratio of quercetin:kaempferol at 0.8–1.5:1 and HPLC fingerprinting of natural occurring flavonoids fractions [10]. Ginkgo leaves also contain fair amounts of biflavones including amentoflavone, 7-methyoxyamentoflavone, bilobetin, 5′-methyoxybilobetin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, and sciadopitysin (Fig. 45.3) [11]. Minor flavonoids in leaves include apigenin, luteolin and their glycosides, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (+)-gallocatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin (Fig. 45.3). Fig. 45.2 Flavonol and acylated flavonol aglycones, mono-, di- and tri-glycosides found in ginkgo leaf Fig. 45.3 Structure of biflavonoids and catehins in ginkgo leaf ### 45.2.2 Alkyl Phenolic Acids and Alkyl Phenols Alkyl phenolic acids (anacardic acids), known as ginkgolic acids, are 6-alkylsalicyclic acids with alkyl residues of the size 13–19 carbon and with up to three double bonds. Ginkgolic acids are more abundant in ginkgo nuts than in leaves. Five ginkgolic acids are often found at 0.48–2.51 % in dry leaves depending on the season it was collected and 5–10 ppm in leaf extract, with a typical breakdown of C13 (12 %), C15 (48 %) and C17 (40 %) (Fig. 45.4). Leaves harvested from younger trees in May and June contain higher amount of ginkgolic acids [12]. Since regulations limit ginkgolic acid concentrations to 5–10 ppm in ginkgo extracts in pharmacopoeias, total ginkgolic acids are often removed by different manufacturing processes such as solvent extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction or column chromatography. In addition to ginkgolic acids, ginkgo nuts also contain hydroginkgolic acid, ginnol, ginkgols, bilobols, cardanol, and ginkgotoxin [8]. Ginkgo nuts and leaves also contain 3-alkylphenols (cardanols, or ginkgols) and related 5-alkyl resorcinols (cardols, or bilobols) shown in Fig. 45.4. Fig. 45.4 Alkyl phenolic acids and alkyl phenols in ginkgo seed and leaf ### 45.2.3 Terpenes Ginkgo leaves contain a number of different types of terpenes, namely terpene trilactones (ginkolides A, B, C, J and bilobalide) (Fig. 45.5), tripernenes

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are cited according to the edition of Hans Lietzmann, Apollinaris von Laodicea und seine Schule: Texte und Untersuchungen (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1904). 14. FN1414) Greg.Naz. Ep. 101.30–31. References to Gregory’s works follow the Sources Chrétiennes editions. The letter’s second anathema, against the idea that the Son was “channeled” through the Virgin, is arguably directed against Diodore, not Apollinarius. 15. FN1515) Greg.Naz. Ep. 102. 16. FN1616) Greg.Naz. Ep. 202.9–13. 17. FN1717) Greg.Naz. Ep. 202.15–16. 18. FN1818) Apollin. Frag. 24–34. 19. FN1919) Apollin. Frag. 31. 20. FN2020) Apollin. Frag. 33. 21. FN2121) Apollin. Frag. 32. 22. FN2222) Gregory of Nyssa, Antirrh. (GNO 3/1, 148). On Apollinarius’ exegetical work in the Apodeixis and Gregory of Nyssa’s response, see Rowan Greer, “The Man from Heaven: Paul’s Last Adam and Apollinaris’ Christ,” Paul and the Legacies of Paul, ed. William S. Babcock (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1990), 165–182. 23. FN2323) Apollin. Frag. 163; Ep. ad Dion 7. 24. FN2424) Apollin. Frag. 10, 93. The terms ἕνωσις and κρᾶσις occur together in Origen, Cels. 3.41. In defense of the Christian belief that Jesus is himself the divine Word of God and also born of a mortal body, Origen writes, ‘his mortal body and the human soul in him received the greatest elevation not only by communion (κοινωνία) but by union and intermingling (ἕνωσις καὶ ἀνακράσει), so that by sharing in His divinity he was transformed into God’ (Chadwick trans.). While the precedent of Origen is more important, the terms of mixture also have currency in Stoic and Neoplatonic philosophy/physics: see Verna Harrison, “Some Aspects of St. Gregory the Theologian’s Soteriology”, Greek Orthodox Theological Review 34 (1989): 13, with bibliography. 33. FN3333) A series of Italian synods under Damasus of Rome likewise opposed Apollinarius, and may have had an influence on Gregory Nazianzen’s understanding of the same. See Beeley, Gregory of Nazianzus, 31–3, 318. 34. FN3434) In the Kata Meros Pistis and the De Unione, and in certain Fragments, Apollinarius speaks in terms of a two-part anthropology (flesh and soul), so that Christ is the Word made flesh, without a human soul or spirit (Apollin. KMP 2, 11, 28, 30; De Unione 12; Frag. 19, 22, 28, 41, 72, 129). In other Fragments we also find a three-part anthropology: the Word took on a human soul and flesh, without a human mind (see Apollin. Frag. 22, 25, 89, 91). Whether this difference reflects a substantive change of anthropological model or simply the further clarification of the same basic view is unclear. The fact that, at a relatively early point in Apollinarius’ career, his associates signed the Alexandrian Tome of 362, which denounces the view that Christ is ἄψυχος (Athanasius, Tome 7), supports the latter view. 35. FN3535) Or a mind plus soul and flesh. ἄνθρωπος νοῦς ἔνσαρκος ὤν. Apollin. Frag. 69; see also 70–2. It would be worth exploring to what extent Apollinarius’ anthropology reflects Origen’s idea that human beings are rational beings incarnated in human bodies—minus the now-scandalous theory of their pre-existence. 36. FN3636) Apollin. Frag. 70. 37. FN3737) Apollin. Frag. 74: ‘If together with God, who is intellect, there was also a human intellect in Christ, then the work of the incarnation is not accomplished in him’; see also 70–1. 38. FN3838) Apollin. Frag. 108, 117; see also 109. 39. FN3939) Apollin. Frag. 87; see also 42. 40. FN4040) Apollin. Frag. 9, 42. 41. FN4141) Apollin. Frag. 45: ‘He is not a human being but is like a human being, since he is not consubstantial with humanity in his highest part’; see also 69. 42. FN4242) Apollin. Frag. 91: ‘If we are made up of three parts [human mind, soul, and flesh], while he is made up of four [divine mind, plus a human mind, soul, and flesh], then he is not a human being but a man-God’ (οὐκ ἄνθρωπος ἀλλὰ ἀνθρωπόθεος). Apollinarius also observes that, just as we are both consubstantial with irrational animals (in the flesh) and not consubstantial with them (being rational creatures), so too is Christ consubstantial with us (in the flesh) and not consubstantial with us (having a divine rather than a human Logos) (Frag. 126). 43. FN4343) Apollin. Frag. 38. 44. FN4444) At Jesus’ conception in the Virgin, the Word spiritually performed the function of the life-giving substance, taking the place of the male seed, which thus became Jesus’ divine mind (Apollin. De Unione 13; see also 1). 45. FN4545) Apollin. Frag. 9, 85; see also KMP 31: we worship the Trinity, not the Trinity plus the man Jesus. 46. FN4646) Apollin. De Unione 5; Frag. 129; see also 123. 47. FN4747) Apollinarius is no doubt basing himself on a certain reading of Paul’s argument in Rom 7—that the law of sin in his members (or in his flesh, v. 18) is at war with the spiritual law of his mind, his ‘inmost self,’ where he ‘delights in the law of God’ (7.22–3)— combined with other New Testament passages that speak of the opposition between the flesh and the spirit, esp. Rom 8.1–17; 1 Cor 15.35–58; Gal 5.16–26; 6.8, 21; 1 Jn 2.15–16. 48. FN4848) Apollin. Frag. 74. 49. FN4949) Apollin. Frag. 76. 50. FN5050) Apollin. KMP 2. 51. FN5151) Apollin. Frag. 74; see also KMP 31. 52. FN5252) Apollin. KMP 2. 53. FN5353) Although ‘the Divinity took up the flesh’s capacity for suffering’ (Apollin. KMP 2; see 29), the Divinity remains without change and God power in the Word suffered no limitation in the incarnation: ‘whatever sufferings might come to the flesh, the Power of God had its own proper freedom from them’ (Apollin. KMP 11; see De Unione 6, 8), and ‘his mind is untrammeled by the sufferings of spirit and flesh (Apollin. KMP 30; see also Frag. 93, 117). On this point Apollinarius and Diodore are ironically closer to one another than either is to Gregory, who prefers a more radically theopaschite approach to the identity and work of Christ. 54. FN5454) For the evidence of Diodore’s career, see John Behr, The Case Against Diodore and Theodore: Texts and their Contexts. Oxford Early Christian Texts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 48–52. 56. FN5656) It was most likely Diodore who nominated Flavian as Meletius’ successor in Antioch (veiled references can be found in Gregory’s De vita sua 1546–7, 1566–9, 1583–8)—for which he was excommunicated by a Roman synod the following year, for violating the prior arrangement for Meletius’ succession (Sozomen, HE 7.11; Socrates, HE 5.23)—as well as Nectarius as Gregory Nazianzen’

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into a weapon of truly awesome power. Huru Huru hurled the blue mollusc away towards the sea, but the damage had been done. The stinging cells, those little harpoons, had fired and delivered their agonizing cargo of poison into both his neck and his hand. He fell to his knees, foaming and frothing at the mouth. Huru Huru tried to speak, but all that came out was a hoarse croaking. 'Help me...' And then the croak gave way to a juddering, silent scream, as the chief writhed and squirmed grotesquely on the ground. Matahi was on his feet again by now. He limped over to Huru Huru. Frazer looked in wonder at Amazon. 'Remind me never to get on your bad side,' he said. 'You already are,' she replied, with a pert smile. Then they ran to Bluey and helped him up. The three of them, arm in arm, then became spectators for the next act in the drama. Matahi was speaking to the crowd in his own language. It wasn't hard to work out what he was saying. He was the true chief, the son of the beloved Tuvali, and he was come to reclaim what was rightfully his. And then he glanced at the Trackers and switched to English, as he addressed his fallen rival, who still squirmed on the floor in silent agony. 'Huru Huru, for what you have done, you deserve to perish. I could let you die here in torment, or I could put an end to it, and you.' He picked up the vicious war club and weighed it in his hands, as if appreciating its heft and balance. Huru looked up at him with bloodshot eyes. 'Mercy,' he may have said, or perhaps it was some other Polynesian word, a hex or a promise. Amazon made as if to go towards Matahi. She was going to tell him that he must be humane, that he should not stoop to the same level as Huru Huru, but Bluey put a hand on her shoulder. 'He knows what he's doing,' he said. And then Matahi looked at Moipu and Tipua. 'Take him. Wash the sting in seawater. Then take a canoe to the big ship and leave this island forever. Your friend Chung will take care of you. Or perhaps just throw you to the sharks. I do not care.' The two men looked sickeningly grateful to have escaped with their lives. They did as they were bidden and, ten minutes later, they were paddling a large twin-hulled canoe towards the gap in the reef, with Huru Huru lying on the platform between the two hulls, as the villagers hurled abuse (as well as some rather unpleasant material gathered from the pigpen) in their direction. 'I think,' said Bluey to Matahi, 'that you owe us an explanation.' The noble Polynesian smiled and nodded. 'All good stories must be accompanied by a feast.' 'Now you're talking!' said Frazer. 'Not quite yet,' said Bluey, who had dragged himself up on to his feet. 'We've still got our mission. Chung is still on the loose and he wants those turtles.' Matahi grasped his arm. 'You are right, my friend. But now that my people have been freed from the tyranny of Huru Huru, Chung has no allies on this island. During my time on the ship I learned much about this man. He sails the seas finding rare animals to sell to America. Parrots, Komodo dragons and turtles. But he is a wicked businessman and not a warrior. He has many of our pearls, and will not have to pay for them now that Huru Huru is no more. I believe that he will go to another place where his evil is not so well known. 'My people were crushed, but now they are free, and they will help you with your great task. I will set men to watch the beaches, and together we will carry the little ones into the water, if there is a need. Tomorrow there is much work to do, but now it is our way to celebrate a victory, and I promise you a Polynesian feast is not something that you will ever forget.' ## The feast was, indeed, mighty. It was eaten on the beach, around a huge fire of driftwood, with the setting sun as a backdrop. For, amazingly, the clouds had lifted, and for only the second time on their Polynesian adventure, the world looked to Amazon as she felt it was supposed to: beautiful blues and greens, melting into the gold. And, once the sun had set, out came the astounding stars, and then a moon so bright it almost hurt the eyes to stare at it. Even the _no-nos_ were kept at bay by the smoke from the fire. They were served fish and pork that had been wrapped in banana leaves and baked under the ground in an earth oven. There were great piles of gaudily coloured fruit, and bowls of the thick porridge called _poi_ , made from mashed-up taro roots. Bluey, fortified by the allergy medication, was feeling much better, and he and Frazer tucked into everything with great gusto. At last Amazon and Frazer found themselves in the midst of Polynesian culture at its vibrant, noisy, exuberant best. The men and women took it in turns to dance, while the children copied their steps, and fell over their feet. The men's dancing was full of martial vigour, with comical facial grimaces and lunges with imaginary spears. The women dancers were more elegant, forming lines of swaying hips and undulating arms. The singing was extraordinary, by turns low and percussive and high and melodic. Among many unfamiliar but haunting melodies, Amazon recognized some old hymns that she had sung at school, but they were warped and twisted and taken into new and thrilling directions. Matahi translated the words of the songs for them. Some were tales of tragic love. Others were stories of the old gods, filled with drama and darkness. Another told of the great sea voyages from a thousand years ago, setting out into the unknown and finding new lands at the rim of the world. The men of the village passed round wooden bowls of kava. Matahi offered it to Bluey, who took a long drink. Then it was Frazer's turn. 'Just a sip,' said Bluey, 'so you can tell people you've tried it.' 'What is this stuff?' Frazer asked, sniffing it suspiciously. 'It's made from the root of the kava plant, a member of the pepper family. The women chew it up and spit out the pulp. That gets mixed with water, left to stew for a while, then you drink it. It makes your tongue go numb, and then you fall asleep.' 'Thanks,' said Frazer. 'But I think I'll give it a miss.' It was time, at last, for Matahi's story. The whole village gathered round to listen, even though most of them would only understand fragments and scraps. 'My father, Tuvali, was a great man. He sailed all over the Pacific, sometimes with your fathers, who called him by the name Omo. This you know. What you do not know is that his father, Oto, was the chief of this village. Oto was a strong man and a fierce warrior, and Tuvali argued with him, and left the island. Finally he heard word that his father was dying and came home. He was reconciled with his father, and was at his side as he died. Then for many years my father was the chief. But he was a different sort of chief to Oto. He was a kind man, as well as a strong one. He said that the men and women of the village must make decisions together. He said that all people were equal, that there should not be chiefs and lesser men. 'And my father taught the village the way of farming the black pearls, which he had learned of in his wanderings. It was a way of earning the village money without harming the ocean or the land. The money would buy things for the village. Clean water and sanitation. Materials for the huts. He wanted to build a school for the children. In fact, the school building was begun – it is now the house of Huru Huru, that you have seen. 'But not all of the people of the village agreed with my father. Huru Huru said that my father was a coward. He even sometimes said that my father was not the same Tuvali who had left the village, but an impostor. 'My father should have banished Huru Huru, but it was not his way. He tried to make Huru Huru understand that he was wrong. And Huru Huru pretended to change. But all the time he was plotting with his brothers Moipu and Tipua. They even pretended to be _my_ friend. And as my mother was dead and I had no brothers or sisters that made my heart glad. 'And then, one black night, they came

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preferred to Stacks because of its superior ability to deal with paired-end reads when calling genotypes. Briefly, dDocent calls Trimmomatic v0.3671, bwa v0.7.1572 and Freebayes v1.1.073 to respectively quality control the raw reads, align the filtered sequences to the reference genome and infer individuals’ genotypes at polymorphic loci. Trimmomatic was used to remove bases with a quality score <20 from the beginning and end of reads, and additionally trim bases with an average quality score <10 in a sliding 5 bp window. The ‘mem’ algorithm implemented in bwa was applied setting the match score value (-A) to 1, the penalty for a mismatch (-B) to 4 and the gap penalty (-O) to 6. Freebayes was used to call genotypes setting a minimum mapping and base quality score to 10. Sequence variation analysis: filtering and GWAS of sex in X. hellerii The raw VCF variant file was obtained by setting the X. maculatus v4.4.2 as the reference genome46. In this version of the X. maculatus genome, the original scaffolds43 were tiled along a dense genetic map to create chromosome-length genome assemblies. The VCF file was filtered using VCFtools v0.1.1574 to retain loci present in a minimum of 80% of the individuals and having mapping quality (MQ) > 30. Further stringent filtering was applied using the dDocent_filters script (http://ddocent.com/filtering/) that relies on both VCFtools and the vcffilter module in the vcflib package (https://github.com/vcflib/). A total of 65,417 SNPs passed the quality control applied and were used for the GWAS and the F ST analyses (the full set of filters, and the number of sites removed at each step, are reported in Supplementary Table 3; the individuals’ genotypes were deposited into the Dryad Data Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7h54h66). The final VCF file was used to perform a standard genome-wide association analysis using PLINK v1.90b4.975 setting sex as the binary case/control variable. The −log 10 p-value (obtained with a Fisher’s exact test) of each SNP was shown as a function of genomic position on the 24 X. maculatus LGs46 in a Manhattan plot constructed with the R package qqman v0.1.476. The threshold for genome-wide significance was set at a p-value = 7.64e−7 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (0.05/65,417 variants). To identify highly divergent, potential candidate sex-chromosome regions using an additional line of investigation, the program VCFtools was used to calculate F ST -values between males and females across different non-overlapping sliding windows (1, 10 and 100 Kb). As a suggestive threshold for significance, we used the upper 1% percentile distribution of the per window F ST values (1 Kb window: F ST = 0.184; 1 Kb window: F ST = 0.181; 1 Kb window: F ST = 0.157). Coverage analysis to identify sex association in X. hellerii As an alternative and independent approach to identify and verify potential sex-associated SNPs, we analysed mapped sequence coverage information from X. hellerii males and females to identify loci located in the non-recombining and recombination restricted regions of the sex chromosomes. We first created a set of reference loci using the ustacks module of the Stacks package in default mode, but setting the minimum depth of coverage required to create a stack (-m) to 5. As a reference for aligning the RAD loci, we used the X. hellerii genome v3.0.1 (NCBI accession number: GCA_001443345.1)47 that is derived from a single female, strain Sarabia, from the Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center (TX, USA). Existing evidence suggested that the female is the heterogametic sex in this species; therefore, because the genome of X. hellerii was generated using a single female individual, using the X. hellerii genome would allow us to recover a higher number of W-linked loci than using the X. maculatus genome. We used this approach to confirm the findings of the statistically more robust GWAS approach, and possibly to identify specific X. hellerii sex-determining regions (e.g. autosomal modifiers). The total 70,763 loci, extracted from the Stacks’ catalogue formatted in fasta format (deposited into the Dryad Data Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7h54h66), were used as a reference for the alignment of the sequence set of each sample carried out with Bowtie2 v2.3.077 in ‘--very-sensitive’ mode. To avoid redundant information, only one of the paired loci was retained to serve as a reference. Next, raw coverage values—i.e. the number of reads mapping to each locus—were extracted from each individual mapping file using SAMtools v1.2.178 idxstats and normalized using the Median Ratio Normalization (MRN) function implemented in DESeq2 v1.8.179. We then calculated the mean coverage for each locus (including males and females), but first removed loci with coverage below 3 and above 400 because they most likely indicate mapping errors and repetitive elements, respectively (the number of loci was reduced to 29,444 after the coverage filters were applied). We assumed a ZW sex-determination system is operating in this system, given the results from our sequence variation analysis (see the previous paragraph), and from the filtered coverage data set we selected (1) potentially W-linked female-specific loci and (2) Z-linked loci. According to expectations, W-linked loci should be present only in females, the heterogametic sex, so we applied coverage filters to satisfy this condition (mean coverage in females >7; mean coverage in males <2). On the other hand, the Z-linked loci are expected to be present in both sexes, but they should have twice the coverage in males than in females, as they have two copies of the Z chromosome (coverage filter to identify these loci: mean coverage ratio in male/female >1.9). We note that this type of filtering criteria is dependent on the sequencing depth of coverage used in the experiment, and the use of these arbitrary filters means the results should be interpreted with caution. However, the main purpose of the coverage analysis was to confirm the results of the GWAS analysis. Finally, we used a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test to test for over-representation of these candidate sex-chromosome loci in the X. maculatus LGs that were associated with sex (SNP analysis). Synthetic hybrids: laboratory cross experiment Laboratory crosses were conducted which mimic the hybridisation with backcrossing evolutionary scenario that has potentially given rise to at least two Xiphophorus fish species, and may have contributed to the ancestry of other taxa. We sampled both first generation and approximately 100th generation backcrossed individuals that had been artificially selected for two pigmentation phenotypes. We note that all sampled backcross generations were raised under the same standard laboratory conditions, therefore excluding any environmental effects. In these laboratory crosses, one parental species is X. maculatus, where the strain Jp163A (origin Rio Jamapa) was used, which is also the same strain from which the reference genome was produced43. This strain has been kept as a brother–sister mating line for more than 100 generations. The other parental species used in the laboratory crosses is X. hellerii. The stock is derived from fish collected from the Rio Lancetilla and has been kept for over 50 years in closed colony breeding. The X. hellerii stock has been through several bottlenecks (due to the breakdown of the stock) where only a handful of fish or even a single pair was used to regenerate the stock. Both parental species are representatives of the two clades that were earlier shown to have been involved in the initial hybridisation event generating X. clemenciae and X. monticolus33,36,37. The first generation hybrid cross was between a female X. maculatus and a male X. hellerii. Next, a backcross was made between an F 1 female, carrying the pigmentation phenotypes intended for selection and an X. hellerii male. Females were then selected for each successive backcross according to the two colour markers. One is the erythrophore pigmentation pattern dorsal red, Dr, which causes a dark red colouration of the dorsal fin and in hybrids extends from there over the whole body and the unpaired fins. The second pattern is caused by the closely linked macromelanophore pattern locus spotted dorsal, Sd. It is expressed as jet-black pigmentation spots at the base of the dorsal fin in purebred X. maculatus. In the genetic background of X. hellerii, the macromelanophores cover the whole dorsal fin, and from there invade the dorsal and caudal body compartment of the fish. As an effect of the Sd locus component, xmrk oncogene74, the macromelanophore pattern in the genetic background of X. hellerii is enhanced to melanotic hyperpigmentation that can progress to malignant melanoma (for an overview of the pigmentation genetics of platyfish/swordtail hybrids, see ref. 40). Dr and Sd/xmrk are closely linked on

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at Venezia Giulia valley (near Borjana) As part of the Italian V Corps the division remained in Istria on garrison duty until 6 April 1941 when Axis forces began the invasion of Yugoslavia. The first Yugoslav cities to fall were Prezid and Čabar on 12 April, followed Novi Lazi and Borovec on 14 April. On 19 April the division reached Delnice, the following day Knin. For the next two years the division command remained in Knin, while the divisions units were continuously employed in anti-Partisan operations: in Šibenik, Brod na Kupi, Gračac, Petrovac and Drvar. The heaviest fighting occurred during July 1942 when the division tried to clean the Velebit mountains of Partisan forces. In March 1943, after the Battle of the Neretva, the division transferred to Rome to aid in the defense of the city in case of an Allied attack. During this time the division was reorganized along the lines of the Mod.43 reform of the Italian Army and was augmented with the XII Mortar Battalion and the XII Semovente Battalion which was equipped with 24 Semovente 75/18 self-propelled guns. In total the division fielded 14,500 troops, 24 Semovente and 80 artillery pieces. After the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces of 8 September 1943 the division found itself fighting Italy's former allies the Germans and along with the 21st Infantry Division Granatieri di Sardegna and 135th Armored Division Ariete II the Sassari defended Rome for two days. On 10 September 1943 the remnants of the Sassari joined the 21st Infantry Division Granatieri di Sardegna and the 8th Cavalry Regiment Lancieri di Montebello and hundreds of civilian volunteers at Porta San Paolo for a last stand. Civilians at Porta San Paolo included communist leader Luigi Longo, lawyer Giuliano Vassalli, writer Emilio Lussu, unionist leader Vincenzo Baldazzi, Mario Zagari, retired Air Force generals Sabato Martelli Castaldi and Roberto Lordi, and 18-year-old future partisan leader Marisa Musu. The future Italian president Sandro Pertini brought a detachment of Socialist resistance fighters to Porta San Paolo and around 12:30 the Catholic Communist movement arrived with further reinforcements including famed actor Carlo Ninchi. However by 17:00 the Germans broke the line of the Italian defenders, who had suffered 570 dead. Soon after the Italian military units surrendered to the Germans as the flight of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III from Rome had made further resistance senseless. However the Italian soldiers handed thousands of weapons over to the civilian population, which was quick to form an organized resistance movement in the city of Rome. In 1988 the Sassari Mechanized Brigade was formed, which continues the tradition of the Sassari Division. Commander General Giacomo Castagna Order of battle 151st Infantry Regiment Sassari I Infantry Battalion II Infantry Battalion III Infantry Battalion 152nd Infantry Regiment Sassari IV Infantry Battalion V Infantry Battalion VI Infantry Battalion 73rd CCNN Assault Legion Boiardo 73rd CCNN Battalion Boiardo 34th Artillery Regiment I Artillery Group II Artillery Group III Artillery Group XII Mortar Battalion XII Semoventi Battalion (with Semovente 75/18) 106th Motorized Machine Gun Battalion 5th Engineer Battalion CXII Mixed Engineer Battalion 12th Anti-tank Company (with 47/32 M35) 27th Searchlight Section C.R.O.W.C.A.S.S. The names of 8 men attached to the Sassari Division can be found in the CROWCASS List established by the Anglo-American Allies of the individuals wanted by Yugoslavia for war crimes: (Name) BARBA - (C.R. File Number) 250049 - (Rank, Occupation, Unit, Place and Date of Crime) Major, Sassari Div., Kistanje (Yugo.) 6.41 - (Reason wanted) Pillage - (Wanted by) Yugo. BARBERO Pietro - 250048 - Col., XVIII Corpo di Armata Sassari Div., Biograd Betina, Vodice (Yugo.) 42 - Murder - Yugo. BERARDI Pholo - 149616 - General, commander, Sassari-Div. (Yugo.) 1943 - Murder - Yugo. BORRUZO Pietro 190904 - Major, Italian Army, 3. Btty., 151. Regt. Fanteria, "Sassari" Div., Fara Slovenia (Yugo.), summer 41 - Murder - Yugo. GAZZINI (or GAZZINO) - 190971 - Col., Italian Army, Rgt. of Sassari Div. (F 559), Udbina Gracac (Yugo.) 1. and 2.43 - Murder - Yugo. GIANOPECO Francesco - 147278 - General, Italian Army "Sassari"Div. (Yugo.) 43 - Murder - Yugo. GLORIA - 147272 - General, Italian Army, "Lombardia" Rgt., "Sassari" Div. (Yugo.) 43 - Murder - Yugo. ZANOTTI - 191020 - Col., Ital. Army, O.C. Regt., Sassari Div., F. 562, Udbina, Gracac (Yugo.) 2. and 3.43 - Murder - Yugo. '' Notes Footnotes Citations Further reading Category:Infantry divisions of Italy in World War II Category:Military units and formations of Italy in Yugoslavia in World War II Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1943 Category:Military units and formations established in 1939urldirec.com is worth $157,680.00 1.95SEO Rating urldirec.com has alexa rank of #52,746 in the world, with roughly 18242 daily unique visitors. It is a domain having .com extension and is hosted in Canada. urldirec.com estimated worth is: $157,680.00 and have a daily income of around $219.00. Furthermore the website is generating income from Google Adsense. As no active threats were reported recently, urldirec.com is SAFE to browse.It’s an unprecedented number of participants for this type of study, says Ruth March, vice-president and head of personalized health care and biomarkers at AstraZeneca, which is headquartered in London. “That’s necessary because we’re going to be looking for very rare differences among individuals.” To achieve that ambitious goal, AstraZeneca will partner with research institutions including the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Hinxton, UK, and Human Longevity, a biotechnology company founded in San Diego, California, by genomics pioneer Craig Venter. AstraZeneca also expects to draw on data from 500,000 participants in its own clinical trials, and medical samples that it has accrued over the past 15 years. In doing so, AstraZeneca will be following a burgeoning trend in genetics research. For years, geneticists pursued common variations in human DNA sequences that are linked to complex diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. The approach yielded some important insights, but these common variations often accounted for only a small percentage of the genetic contribution to individual diseases. Researchers are now increasingly focusing on the contribution of unusual genetic variants to disease. Combinations of these variants can hold the key to an individual’s traits, says Venter. The hunt for important rare variants has led AstraZeneca to partner with the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, says Aarno Palotie, who heads the Human Genomics Program there. Finland’s population was geographically isolated until recently, he notes, which makes for a unique genetic make-up. As a result, some variations that are very rare in other populations may be more common in Finland, making them easier to detect and study. AstraZeneca did not disclose exactly how much it would be investing in the project — “hundreds of millions of dollars” over the course of ten years was all that Menelas Pangalos, executive vice-president of the company’s innovative medicines program, would say. The company intends to use the data to inform drug development in all of its major disease areas, from diabetes to inflammation to cancer, says March. The project should generate about 5 petabytes of data. “If you put 5 petabytes on DVDs, it would be four times the height of the Shard,” said Pangalos, referring to a nearly 310-meter London skyscraper. “If you wanted to put it on your iPod, it would take about 5,000 years to listen to it all.” Much of that data will come from Human Longevity. The company, which ultimately hopes to accrue 10 million human genomes, already has 26,000 completed and paired with medical records. Its databases also contain additional partial genome sequences. “We’re adding one about every 15 minutes on average,” Venter says. Using DNA sequence alone, Venter says that his company can now predict a person’s height, weight, eye color and hair

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I like to depict whomever I please, regardless of age, race, and gender. With “Yuri!!!”, I was able to depict relationships and bonds without creative influence from others. This time, I wanted to create an impactful depiction of Men’s singles in figure skating in anime form! It wasn’t so much a matter of “I’m definitely going to draw men this time.” I had a love for figure skating that could not be suppressed, and since I did not have any orders from above, I planned the project with an attitude rather of “I’m definitely going to draw figure skating this time!” — The Japanese anime industry is often considered to be a place where women don’t really have the opportunity to flourish. Do you think that bias exists, even now? It was true that there were few women on production staff in the industry. When I was first looking for work, it was like that as well. And because there were few women on production staff, it was the men who moved up from those roles to become general producers and directors. But even in the past, I don’t think there was any huge split in the number of male and female animators. — Do you think this is changing? I think so. I’m currently working at MAPPA, and most of the people who come on to projects are women. — What do you think changed? Although I’m not really interested in defining people in rigid terms of two genders… I feel like girls are more likely to get the job these days. That’s really all there is to it. (laughs) There’s a lot of diligent women, and there’s a lot of men who drift around a little too much. Perhaps men have gotten used to an easygoing lifestyle — but that’s just life. I think it’s just because they can continue doing what they love at work their whole lives. Women on the other hand; they get married, have kids –these are critical junctures that place a limit on what they can do throughout their lives, and they realize that they don’t have time to rest on their laurels as much. As soon as you realize that, it’s difficult to live that easygoing lifestyle. Before I originally began looking for a job, I knew an assistant stylist who was in her 50’s. She once told me that “idiocy is only forgiven until age 26.” And “If you only do as well as a man, you’ll never be recognized.” She probably lived quite a tough life to have said that. She originally started working in the 70’s, and I felt a really persuasive tone from her. It really got me thinking about a lot of things. — She must have lived through a much crueler time, right? I agree. That’s why I ended up leaving Studio Madhouse when I was 26 years old. I believed that I had to become a producer on my own, and it was at this time I became involved in the aforementioned “Samurai Champloo.” — Not only women, but now more and more foreigners are getting involved in Japanese animation. Do you think the industry will accept such changes in the future? I think that it’s best that we embrace this. I don’t think there is any difference between Japanese and non, besides our nationality. If one has a vision of what they want to create, then as an industry, it’s best for us to work together. If you are motivated, then I urge anyone to get involved in the industry regardless of race. — Going back to your first directorial work, “Michiko and Hatchin,” what aspects of your workflow and planning have changed significantly leading up to your more recent works? The director creates while imagining what they want to make. The director can embody the image of the project while sharing what they can say “is the most interesting” with their staff… as I had imagined. It is completely different. — As you mentioned earlier, you were a young lady working to manage on your own in the animation industry, which meant your first work was a turning point. Yes, and even though I don’t like to place a whole lot of focus on my being a woman, of course being tasked with directing was a huge turning point. — Are there ever times that you look back on your previous works? I don’t do that at all, actually. (laughs) When you start to look back on previous works, doesn’t it all become a bit scary? I start to think “Aren’t I going to die soon?” thinking about the years passed since. I feel like when I’m working on something, I’ve already checked it to death in the process. I always work to the absolute best of my ability on everything, so I really don’t need to look back on it anymore. (laughs) This became especially apparent when I became a director and began creating plots myself. When those plots became screenplays, I checked them. Even when someone else created the storyboards, I was always checking them. I’ve seen it all so much (laughs). So I always give priority to making new things. And now, even though I am working on the theatrical version of “Yuri!!!”, my head is pretty occupied with the current figure skating season too. The Olympics only come once every 4 years!!!Monthly Archives: September 2009 The big boys of media are starting to weigh in on the Gastrokid Cookbook. Today it's the turn of the Chicago Tribune who like the book a lot even if they think we're a little obsessed with Pimenton de la … Continue reading → I'm killing time here in San Francisco airport and so decided to potter around the SFMoma store. Needless to say they've got some great kid's food stuff and so I thought I'd share what I saw: First up are these … Continue reading → Patsy over at the blog familyfriendsandfood put the parmesan chicken cutlet recipe from our cookbook through its paces and it scored quite well. She took a cookbook worthy photo too. For her review, the recipe, and her photo, check it … Continue reading → Foodie blogger and journalist Amy Scattergood was kind enough to check in with Gkid on the genesis of the book. Read it here. Amy’s got a cool blog, too. And if you’re so inclined to buy the book and live … Continue reading →SACRAMENTO — A closely watched proposal that would allow apartment buildings to be built near public transportation hubs and job centers throughout California — regardless of local zoning rules — cleared its first hurdle late Tuesday afternoon. Senate Bill 50 marks the second attempt by state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, to boost the state’s scarce housing supply by loosening strict zoning rules and relaxing off-street parking requirements near bus stops and train stations. The proposal also applies to “jobs-rich” areas, including broad swaths of the Bay Area, even if they don’t have an extensive public transportation network. It received a 9-1 vote from Senate Housing Committee, which Wiener heads. The bill is the latest example of a tug-of-war between a handful of Sacramento lawmakers and local governments over housing development and parking requirements. As the state grapples with a chronic housing shortage and affordability crisis, Wiener and others have argued the state must step in to allow more housing to be built near jobs and public transportation — “legalizing apartment buildings,” as the senator likes to call it. “This housing shortage, which is self inflicted in many ways, has real-life consequences for people,” Wiener said Tuesday. “It pushes people into poverty and homelessness. It spikes evictions and displacement. It is a problem and we have to address it.” But many homeowner associations and local governments are crying foul, countering that these efforts undermine long-held local authority over planning and land use and give developers too much power. The hearing room was packed with people on both sides of the issue, and those in between, who voiced concerns about specific provisions but didn’t take a side. The vast majority of local governments are operating under housing-development plans that have been approved by the state, and this bill would undermine the work they are doing to address the housing crisis, said Jason Rhine, of the League of California Cities. “It’s almost as if we’re setting our cities up to fail,” he said. California’s love affair with single-family housing was documented in a recent survey by the Terner Center for Housing Innovation at UC Berkeley. It found that less than 25 percent of land within local jurisdictions is zoned for multifamily housing, despite the ongoing housing shortage. Environmental groups argue such zoning restrictions are forcing more people to live further from their jobs, leading to lengthy commutes and more climate-warming greenhouse gas emissions, and that more homes must be built within an easy walk of trains, buses and ferries. The three groups championing SB 50 are the California Association of Realtors; the Non-Profit Housing Association of Northern California, which builds low-income housing; and California YIMBY (Yes In My Backyard), a group promoting greater housing density. The coalition backing the bill also includes business interests, developers, environmental groups, college students, retirees and labor unions. Not all local elected officials oppose the proposal. Among its supporters are Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf and San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who argue it would help alleviate homelessness and the

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f\left( x\right) \in K\left[ x_{1},x_{2}\right] $ and $\Gamma$ is the Newton polyhedra at origin, there are no poles belonging to $\cup _{a\in\mathcal{E}(\mathcal{F}_{+})}\mathcal{P}(a)\cup$ $\cup_{a\in \mathcal{E}^{\prime}(\mathcal{F}_{+})}\mathcal{P}(a)$, see [@D3], [@D-H], [@V-Z], [@Z1], [@Z2]. This fact is not true if $f\left( x\right) \in K\left[ x_{1},x_{2},x_{1}^{-1},x_{2}^{-1}\right] $ and $\Gamma=\Gamma_{\infty}$, see Example \[Example2\]. Local Zeta Functions Supported on the Second,Third and Fourth Quadrants ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \[Th2A\]Let $f$ be a non-constant Laurent polynomial (not necessarily non degenerate with respect to $\Gamma_{\infty}$). \(i) There exist constants $\beta_{f}^{\left( j\right) }<0$, $\alpha_{f}^{\left( j\right) }>0$, such that $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( j\right) }\left( \omega,f\right) $ converges for $\omega\in$ $\Omega_{\left( \beta_{f}^{\left( j\right) },\alpha_{f}^{\left( j\right) }\right) }\left( K^{\times}\right) $, for $j=2,3,4$. \(ii) $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( j\right) }\left( \omega,f\right) $ have a meromorphic continuation to $\Omega\left( K^{\times}\right) $ as a rational function of $\omega\left( q\right) $, for $j=2,3,4$. \(iii) Assume that$$f\left( x_{1},x_{2},x_{1}^{-1},x_{2}^{-1}\right) =\frac{\widehat{f}\left( x_{1},x_{2}\right) }{x_{1}^{d_{1}}x_{2}^{d_{2}}}=% %TCIMACRO{\dsum \limits_{i=1}^{k}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{k}} %EndExpansion \frac{c_{i}x_{1}^{n_{i}}+c_{i}^{\prime}x_{1}^{-m_{i}}}{x_{2}^{b_{i}}}% +f_{0}\left( x_{1},x_{2},x_{1}^{-1}\right) , \label{forma1}%$$ with $b_{i},n_{i},m_{i}\in\mathbb{N}$ and $b_{k}>b_{j}$, $k\neq j$. Pick an embedded resolution of singularities of the divisor $\widehat{f}^{-1}\left\{ \left( 0,0\right) \right\} $ with numerical data $\left( v_{i}% ,N_{i}\right) $, $i\in T$. Then the poles of $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( 2\right) }\left( s,\chi,f\right) $ belong to the set $$% %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup \limits_{i\in T}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup\limits_{i\in T}} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{-v_{i}}{N_{i}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup }% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{1}{b_{k}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} , \label{poles}%$$ where the second term in (\[poles\]) does not appear if $b_{k}=0$. \(iv) Assume that$$f\left( x_{1},x_{2},x_{1}^{-1},x_{2}^{-1}\right) =\frac{\widehat{f}\left( x_{1},x_{2}\right) }{x_{1}^{d_{1}}x_{2}^{d_{2}}}=% %TCIMACRO{\dsum \limits_{i=1}^{l}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{l}} %EndExpansion \frac{c_{i}x_{2}^{m_{i}}+c_{i}^{\prime}x_{2}^{-n_{i}}}{x_{1}^{e_{i}}}% +f_{0}\left( x_{1},x_{2},x_{2}^{-1}\right) ,$$ with $e_{i},m_{i},n_{i}\in\mathbb{N}$ and $e_{l}>e_{j}$, $l\neq j$. Then the poles of $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( 4\right) }\left( s,\chi,f\right) $ belong to the set $$% %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup \limits_{i\in T}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup\limits_{i\in T}} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{-v_{i}}{N_{i}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup }% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{1}{e_{l}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} , \label{poles1}%$$ where the second term in (\[poles1\]) does not appear if $e_{l}=0$. \(v) The poles of $Z_{\Phi}^{\left( 3\right) }\left( s,\chi ,f\right) $ belong to the set $$% %TCIMACRO{\dbigcup \limits_{i\in T}}% %BeginExpansion {\displaystyle\bigcup\limits_{i\in T}} %EndExpansion \left\{ \frac{-v_{i}}{N_{i}}+\frac{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}}{\ln q}\right\} . \label{poles2}%$$ We first prove (i), (ii) and (iii) in the case $j=2$. Without loss of generality we may assume that $\Phi\left( x_{1},x_{2}\right) $ is the characteristic function of a ball$$B:=\left\{ \widetilde{x}_{1}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}R_{K}\right\} \times\left\{ \widetilde{x}_{2}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}R_{K}\right\} \subset Q_{2}%$$ with $e\in\mathbb{N}\smallsetminus\left\{ 0\right\} $, $ord\left( \widetilde{x}_{1}\right) <0$ and $ord\left( \widetilde{x}_{2}\right) \geq 0$. Two subcases occur: $\widetilde{x}_{2}\neq0$, $\widetilde{x}_{2}=0$. In the subcase $\widetilde{x}_{2}\neq0$, we may assume that $0\leq ord\left( \widetilde{x}_{2}\right) \leq e-1$. Since$$\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{1}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}y_{1}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{1}% }\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{2}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}y_{2}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{2}% }=\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{1}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{1}}\left\vert \widetilde {x}_{2}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{2}}\text{ for }y_{1},y_{2}\in R_{K},$$ we have$$\left\vert f\right\vert _{K}^{s}\mid_{B}=\frac{\left\vert \widehat {f}\right\vert _{K}^{s}\mid_{B}}{\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{1}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{1}s}\left\vert \widetilde{x}_{2}\right\vert _{K}^{d_{2}s}}\text{.}%$$ On the other hand, $$\begin{aligned} \chi\left( ac\left( \widetilde{x}_{1}+\mathfrak{p}^{e}y_{1}\right) \right) & =\chi\left( ac\left( \widetilde{x}_{1}\right) \right) \text{ for any }y_{1}\in R_{K}\text{, if }e-ord\left( \widetilde

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patient with GBM who experiences a short survival time time of 0.723 months and the corresponding dendrogram (below). []{data-label="tumours"}](figs/GBM42 "fig:") ![Left: Brain MR image of patient with GBM who experiences a long survival time of 57.8 months and the corresponding dendrogram (below). Right: Brain MR image of a patient with GBM who experiences a short survival time time of 0.723 months and the corresponding dendrogram (below). []{data-label="tumours"}](figs/GBM15 "fig:") ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Results ------- [@CM] noted that the single linkage function is the most stable choice for hierarchical clustering in the sense that the distance is small between the original tree and the tree obtained after a small perturbation of the input data; this distance is based on the Gromov–Hausdorff distance between ultrametric spaces that represent the dendrograms. We therefore used the single linkage function to measure the distance between clusters in the algorithm. Dendrograms obtained from agglomerative hierarchical clustering are sensitive to the choice of the linkage function, or the distance used between clusters. However, the large sizes of the images considered in our setting led to trees that did not appear significantly different for different choices of the linkage functions; this was corroborated by the results of the $F$ and Permutation tests, which were unchanged in relation to different choices of linkage functions. In order to use the test prescribed in Theorem \[gof2\], we estimate the variance $\sigma^2$ with $\hat{\sigma_d}^2$. The small sample sizes—31 and 42 patients in groups who experienced short and long surviving times, respectively—do not guarantee a consistent estimate of $\sigma^2$; however, this does not appear to affect the efficacy of the tests. $\%$ of leaves chosen Null dist. F-statistic Decision at 1% level ----------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------- ---------------------- 10 $F_{\scriptscriptstyle{11638,11734}}$ 0.780 Reject 20 $F_{\scriptscriptstyle 23310,23515}$ 0.775 Reject 30 $F_{\scriptscriptstyle34793,35286}$ 0.774 Reject 40 $F_{\scriptscriptstyle46648,47070}$ 0.772 Reject : At different values for the percentage of leaves chosen to construct the $L$-trees of the dendrograms from the images, the table reports the results of $F$ test from Theorem \[gof2\] to test the null hypothesis of equality of distribution of the short and long survival time groups.[]{data-label="test-results"} Using the total path length, scaled by the estimate of the variance, of an $L$-tree constructed by choosing various percentages of leaves at random as the test statistic, the $F$ test from Theorem \[gof2\] rejected the null hypothesis of equality of distribution, at 1% significance level, between the long and short survival time groups, and failed to reject $H_0$ when the labels were randomly permuted. Details are reported in Table \[test-results\]. The Permutation test provided identical results for the same test statistic at 2000, 5000 and 10000 permutations. Importantly, the conclusions of the tests were unaltered when the linkage function was changed. Scientifically, this points to the existence of significant tumour heterogeneity among patients with different durations of survival. Discussion ========== The circumscription of the article’s attention to goodness-of-fit tests is to be viewed within the context of our efforts to initiate further research in this direction; this article is appropriately viewed as a first investigative step in the process of developing inferential tools for tree-structured data using the CRT. Aldous’ papers on the CRT and variants (see, in addition, [@aldous4; @aldous5]) provide useful distributional results and connections to common stochastic processes, which in principle can be harnessed in developing further asymptotic statistical tools. One immediate extension to this work is to approximate distributions of local tree-functionals by the corresponding Brownian excursion functionals. For example, the Wiener index of a tree, popular in phylogenetics and chemistry, is exactly $\frac{2}{n}A_n$ where $A_n$ is the area under the curve of the Dyck path of a tree with $n$ vertices. The distribution of $A_n$ can be approximated by the distribution of the Brownian excursion area, which is well-know (albeit difficult to compute); see [@janson] and references therein for details. Other tree functionals for which the limiting distributions are approximated by known Brownian excursion functionals include the height of a tree, which is the number of generations before extinction, and the maximal distance between a pair of vertices, among others. Preliminary investigations based on simulations appear promising. The ‘weak convergence paradigm’ set forth by Aldous wherein the properties (global and local) of random combinatorial objects likes trees, triangulations, and planar maps are studied through continuous approximations, offers a fertile ground for the development of statistical methodologies on such objects; see [@aldous6]. This is an investigative route well worth pursuing in view of the availability of large combinatorial datasets. The absence of information on the rates of convergence of conditioned Galton–Watson trees to the CRT prevents us from obtaining a clear idea as to the size of the trees that assure the validity of our results. Our simulation experiments were conducted at varying tree sizes, and the results that validate the theory were obtained with conditioned Galton–Watson trees that contain at least 1000 vertices; the tabulated results are hence provided for trees with 1000 vertices with branch length uniformly distributed between 0 and 2. This was partly also dictated by the data application wherein the branch lengths of the dendrograms obtained from hierarchical clustering corresponded to distances between clusters, which were typically between 0 and 2. When the sample size is large, the test statistic based on $L$-trees can conceivably be approximated by a Normal distribution, since it a sequence of partial sums of independent random variables. But the use of the CRT provides instead leads us to our current choice. For binary trees obtained from hierarchical clustering, which are ultrametric, we use the connection between exchangeable random hierarchies and the CRT in [@CH] to develop goodness-of-fit tests. Informally stated, if the leaves of an ultrametric binary tree, $\tau (n)$ with $n$ leaves, arising from a hierarchical clustering method are exchangeable in the sense that the distribution of the leaves is invariant to permutation or action of the symmetric group, then the $L$-trees $L(\tau(n),k)$ constructed by choosing $k$ leaves converge in distribution, as $n \to \infty$, to the family $\mathcal{L}(k)$ of subtrees that characterise the CRT given in Lemma \[marginal\]. A formal statement of the result, under some restrictions on the branch lengths can be found in Theorem 16, p. 72 of [@CH]. As a technical note, the Theorem requires choosing the *first* $k$ leaves based on a labelling scheme; we choose $k$ leaves at random and suppose that they represent the first $k$ leaves in the labelling scheme. The data application considered in this article represents, to our knowledge, the first attempt at characterising tumour heterogeneity from images that use tree representations. However, there is a lot more to be investigated in the problem of classifying tumours based on heterogeneity: the incorporation of the spatial information of the pixels, using covariate information for each patient, and developing methods for images obtained from a longitudinal study of the patients, are all important tasks. Much remains to be done in this direction. Appendix ======== **Proof of Proposition \[gamma\]**. From the construction described it is easy to see that the distribution of the total path of $\tau(k)$ coincides with the distribution of the time of the $k$th event, say $S_k$. The density of $S_k$ for a non-homogeneous Poisson process is $$f_{S_k}(t) = e^{-m(t)}m(t)^{k-1}\lambda(t)\frac{1}{(k-1)!} \quad t \geq 0,$$ where $m(t)$ is the intensity function. Noting that when $\lambda(t)=t$, $m(t)=t^2/2$, we obtain $$f_{S_k}(t) = e^{-t^2/2}\left(\frac{t^2}{2}\right)^{k-1}\frac{t}{(k-1)!} \quad .$$ Making a change of variable $y=t^2$, we see that $f_{S_k}(y)$ coincides with a Gamma density with shape $k$ and scale $2$.\ **Proof of Proposition \[binaryp\]**. [@DPK] proved that under certain conditions, the study of non-critical Galton–Watson processes reduces to the study of critical ones. Specifically, if $\lambda>0$ is a parameter such that $N_\lambda=\sum_{i\geq0}\pi_i\lambda^i <\infty$, we set $\pi_i^\lambda=\pi_i\lambda^i/N_\lambda$. Then a conditioned Galton–Watson tree with offspring distribution $\pi$ has the same distribution as a conditioned Galton–Watson tree with offspring distribution $\pi^\lambda$. As a consequence, if we can find a value of $\lambda$ such that the conditioned Galton–Watson tree under $\pi^\lambda$ becomes critical, then its asymptotic behaviour is similar to that in the critical case. We examine each case separately

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the tumor suppressor protein p53 in response to a wide variety of cellular stress signals is required for its activation as a transcription factor that regulates cell cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis. Here, we report that the conserved bromo-domain of the transcriptional coactivator CBP (CREB binding protein) binds specifically to p53 at the C-terminal acetylated lysine 382. This bromodomain/acetyl-lysine binding is responsible for p53 acetylation-dependent coactivator recruitment after DNA damage, a step essential for p53-induced transcriptional activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in G1 cell cycle arrest. We further present the three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the CBP bromodomain in complex with a lysine 382-acetylated p53 peptide. Using structural and biochemical analyses, we define the molecular determinants for the specificity of this molecular recognition.Ivan I – #5 Best Russian Ruler Ivan I Daniilovich Kalita, aka, Ivan Moneybags is my selection as the 5th best Russian ruler of all time. His leadership initially as the Grand Prince of Moscow then Vladimir, was critical in the growth of Moscow during the time of the Golden Horde. Ivan I also was known as the “gatherer of Russian lands” as he greatly increased the area of control and the wealth for future Grand Princes of Moscow. Born in 1288 to Grand Prince Daniel of Moscow making him the grandson of Alexander Nevsky, Ivan I was a very shrewd man who would bring great wealth to his people. His rule was a time when the Golden Horde had reached its zenith. Its control over Russia was complete. Anyone wishing to be a Grand Prince had to go to the Horde’s capital in Sarai to ask permission. Many were killed there due to court intrigues. Ivan knew how to manipulate the system though and survived and thrived under the Horde’s rule. As Grand Prince, Ivan was given the job of collecting taxes or tribute for the Horde. He was masterful at it and this brought him great favor with the khan at the time, Muhammad Ozbeg. Many have speculated on why Moscow rose so quickly under his rule such as its central location, but I feel his wise rule set the stage. Many of the other princes of Russia despised him but they could do little. If they tried to attack Moscow, they would face the wrath of the Horde. Over the years, Ivan loaned many of his fellow princes money which they eventually proved unable to repay. In those cases, the Grand Prince of Moscow would take their land and incorporate it into his realm. Another trick he used was to invite as many people to come to Moscow as he could. Because the Mongols continued to raid the Russian steppes, many came to get away from them. Due to his good relations he had with the khan in Sarai, he was able to set up his son as not only his successor in Moscow but in Vladimir as well. This continued over the years which brought much stability to Russia until the Time of Troubles in the early 1600’s. About Mark Schauss Hi, I'm Mark Schauss and I an internationally known lecturer on environmental and nutritional health issues having spoken in North America, Asia, South America, Europe and soon in Australia. I also have a deep interest in history, especially Russian history because of my heritage through my mother's side of the family. Another large influence on my love of Russian History is my college professor the late Dr. Paul Avrich. His classes were always full and his passion for history was amazing. I wish he could have found out about my podcast before he passed away.Economist Student Guide Created by Addison-Wesley When you adopt Pearson textbooks Value Packed with the appropriate access code, your students can take advantage of these online services for a full 12 weeks.� Plus, you can enjoy the same privileges for six months!Tournament after 6 hours..! I am almost prepared for the tournament which i am about to participate after 6 hours from now (i.e. GMT: 20:00)So any last peice of guidance my dear friends. I will be really helpful by this. Please Add any tips that can make me feel better and play well.Thank you. Help us finish translating: We are working hard to make Chess.com available in over 70 languages. Check back over the year as we develop the technology to add more, and we will try our best to notify you when your language is ready for translating!Q: Express js throws Rethrow non-MySQL errors Hi I'm learning express & passport, i tried to do a signup form, when i tried to insert a row using MySQL, i'm getting this error but my table is updating properly. passport.use( 'local-signup', new LocalStrategy({ usernameField : 'email', passwordField : 'password', passReqToCallback : true // allows us to pass back the entire request to the callback }, function(req, email, password, first_name, done) { var displayName = req.body.first_name; // find a user whose email is the same as the forms email // we are checking to see if the user trying to login already exists dbConnection.query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = ?",[email], function(err, rows) { if (err) { return done(err); } if (rows.length) { return done(null, false, { error: 'That email is already being used.' }); } else { // if there is no user with that email // create the user var salt = bcrypt.genSaltSync(10); var passwordHash = bcrypt.hashSync(password, salt); var userInfo = { email: email, first_name: displayName }; var insertQuery = "INSERT INTO users ( email, password, first_name) values ('"+email+"','"+passwordHash+"','"+displayName+"')"; console.log(insertQuery); dbConnection.query(insertQuery,function(err, rows) { userInfo.id = rows.insertId; console.log(rows); return done(null, userInfo); }); } }); }) ); Error of the code in console A: Remove the first_name parameter in the function which is not necessary. function(req, email, password, first_name, done) 'instead' function(req, email, password, done) 1. Introduction {#sec1-toxins-09-00024} =============== Molecular beacons (MBs) have been widely used as an analytical platform for detecting small biological molecules \[[@B1-toxins-09-00024],[@B2-toxins-09-00024]\]. The fundamental structure of MB is a short oligonucleotide chain with a single-stranded loop and a hybridized stem structure. By attaching a fluorophore and a quencher to the ends of the beacon strand, the fluorescence is strongly quenched due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the fluorophore to the quencher, owing to their close proximity following stem formation. Therefore, the on-off fluorescence system could rapidly detect molecules interacting with MB \[[@B1-toxins-09-00024],[@B2-toxins-09-00024]\]. Snake venom contains a number of pharmacologically active proteins. Although enzyme-linked immunoassay has long been employed for detection of snake venom proteins, it could not rapidly detect the proteins due to time-consuming procedures \[[@B3-toxins-09-00024]\]. If snake venom proteins could induce 'turn-on' or 'turn-off' fluorescence signal transduction of MBs, the beacons might be employed for rapid detection of snake venom proteins. Previous studies showed that *Naja atra* cardiotoxin 2 (CTX2) could bind with ATP and dATP \[[@B4-toxins-09-00024]\], suggesting the possibility that CTXs may interact with adenosine (A)-rich oligonucleotide chain. Additionally, it has been proven that coralyne could intercalate strongly to poly(A) or poly(dA) and drive the formation A~2~-coralyne-A~2~ coordination \[[@B5-toxins-09-00024]\]. Consistent with this finding, Kuo and Tseng \[[@B6-toxins-09-00024]\] reported that coralyne promotes the conformational change from an extended structure to a hairpin structure in a DNA probe with the nucleotide sequence A~12~-CATCATAGTCGAGTGTCCAGGG-A~12~. The binding of coralyne with the DNA probe functionalized with a reporter of carboxyfluorescein (FAM) at the 5′-end and a quencher of 4-(\[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl\]azo)-benzoic acid (DABCYL) at the 3′-end of A~12~-MB-A~12~ leads to quenching of FAM fluorescence because the stem hydride brings FAM and DABCYL to a close proximity \[[@B6-toxins-09-00024]\]. If CTXs could compete with coralyne for binding with the A~12~ nucleotide segment in the MB DNA probe, separation of FAM and DABCYL units might restore FAM fluorescence. To test this hypothesis, the present study investigated the effect

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, but don't change it. During their first America's Got Talent auditions, Alizma was an adorable bunch; talkative and sometimes their high-pitched voices and bickering got a little annoying, but you forgive them because they were blonde and pretty and adorable and came in three. In fact, the second they stepped into the stage, the Polish triplets got generous hoots from David Hasselhoff and the audience. When they started answering the judges' questions, they became even more endearing. And guess what: they're actually talented. What happened on quarterfinals night, I'm not so sure. Piers warned nicely enough: "They've got the looks, they've got the violin talent. Just one big problem: they can't sing. They sing tonight, this can be a train wreck." On that stage, however, things were different. From immaculately dressed blonde triplets who played gorgeous violin, Alizma transformed to an act with boots with animal prints doing gyrations on stage that nearly gave Sharon Osbourne a coronary. They also - very unwisely - ditched their violins for the good first two minutes of their performance. "We love being sexy. That's just one of our colors. We love sexy!" one of them said to answer Sharon. "Strippers on acid," the Hoff summed up right after. But wait, didn't he advise the girls to keep singing?8.75in 6.2in -0.45in -0.8in =cmr10 scaled0 v\#1\#2[V\_[\#1\#2]{}]{} \#1\#2[V\^\*\_[\#1\#2]{}]{} [**Annihilation, Rescattering, and CP Asymmetries in $B$ Meson Decays**]{} [^1] *Boris Blok and Michael Gronau* *Department of Physics* *Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel* and *Jonathan L. Rosner* *Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics* *University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637* **ABSTRACT** > A number of $B$ meson decays may proceed only through participation of the spectator quark, whether through amplitudes proportional to $f_B/m_B$ or via rescattering from other less-suppressed amplitudes. An expected hierarchy of amplitudes in the absence of rescattering will be violated by rescattering corrections. Such violations could point the way toward channels in which final-state interactions could be important. Cases in which final state phases can lead to large CP asymmetries are pointed out. The decays of $B$ mesons have the potential for exhibiting CP violation under a variety of conditions [@BCP]. Decays to CP eigenstates like $J/\psi K_S$ and $\pi^+ \pi^-$ are expected to display an appreciable time-dependent rate asymmetry between $B^0$ and $\bar B^0$, whose interpretation in terms of pure CKM phases relies on the assumption of the dominance of a single weak phase [@PEN]. Decays to non-CP eigenstates also can exhibit rate asymmetries in the presence of at least two contributing amplitudes whose weak and strong phases both differ from one another. However, the strong phases cannot be evaluated reliably [*a priori*]{}. Instead, one must rely on constructions based on amplitude triangles or quadrangles [@triquad], in which one can separate out weak from strong phases by comparing rates for processes with those for their charge-conjugates. In the present note we propose a test for large final-state interactions which, while it does not yield precisely quantitative information on final-state phases, can indicate in which channels such phases are likely to be large. These channels are then prospects for searches for CP violation in rate asymmetries. We will only discuss direct CP asymmetries between instantaneous decays of $B$ mesons of opposite flavors, disregarding (in the case of neutral $B$ mesons) time-dependent $B-\bar B$ mixing effects. Such asymmetries, which require flavor-tagging, are obtained by time-integrated measurements and can be carried out also in a symmetric $e^+e^-$ collider operating at the $\Upsilon(4S)$. We consider processes $B \to P P$, where $P$ is a pseudoscalar meson. Similar results hold when one or both pseudoscalars are replaced by vector mesons $V$. There are many processes in which the spectator quark necessarily plays a role in the decay, whether through exchange ($E$) or annihilation ($A$) with the $b$ quark or via rescattering. In the case of exchange or annihilation, the decay amplitude is expected to contain a power of $f_B/m_B$, where $f_B \simeq 200$ MeV is the $B$ meson decay constant. Such an amplitude is expected to be suppressed by a factor of roughly $\lambda^2$ [@hier], where $\lambda=0.22$ is a parameter introduced by Wolfenstein [@WP] to classify the hierarchy of elements in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. Processes in which the $b$ quark decay contributes to final states without the intervention of the spectator quark are expected to dominate $B \to P P$ decays. These processes consist of tree amplitudes which are color-favored ($T$) or color-suppressed ($C$) and penguin ($P$) amplitudes. (The notation is that of [@hier].) In many cases such amplitudes can contribute through rescattering to the processes involving the participation of the spectator quark [@D]. Our purpose is to enumerate and classify these situations. In Table I we list all the $B \to P P$ processes for which $T$, $C$, or $P$ amplitudes cannot contribute except via rescattering. Also shown are the powers of $\lambda$ in the amplitudes (which are the same whether the amplitudes arise from exchange or annihilation or via rescattering from $T$ or $C$). Any process of order $\lambda^n$ should effectively appear of order $\lambda^n (f_B/m_B) \simeq {\cal O}(\lambda^{n+2})$ if rescattering is not important, whereas rescattering could in principle enhance this amplitude beyond this level to a maximum of ${\cal O} (\lambda^n)$. The most promising decays have amplitudes of order $f_B \lambda^2/m_B$. It would be interesting to search for the modes in Table I to see if they show evidence for the expected suppression due to the factor $f_B/m_B$. If they are enhanced, there is some chance that the rescattering amplitude can generate a final-state phase large enough to give rise to an observable CP-violating rate asymmetry in the decay. In the following discussion we will describe a possible mechanism for such enhancement. Recently some progress was made in understanding the role of final state interactions in $B$ decays [@DESH; @ZH; @DGPS; @BH; @NP]. In Ref. [@DGPS] it was argued that, contrary to simple intuition [@BJ], soft final state interactions do not disappear in the large $m_B$ limit and may be significant in hadronic $B$ decays. In Ref. [@BH] sizable rescattering effects via inelastic charge-exchange, \^+ D\^-\^0 |D\^0 , were calculated in $B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0$. Let us summarize the results of this analysis, which will then be applied to our case. The processes $B^0 \to \pi^+ D^-$ and $B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0$ are conventionally given by “color-allowed" and “color-suppressed" amplitudes, $\bt \propto a_1$ and $\bc \propto a_2$, respectively, which are determined experimentally, $a_2/a_1 \approx 0.2$ [@CLEO]. When calculated in the naïve factorization approximation [@BSW], neglecting rescattering effects, both amplitudes are real. The new contribution to $B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0 $ decay, via the rescattering process (1), was calculated in terms of $\rho$ trajectory Regge exchange. Denoting the direct decay amplitude $A(B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0) $ by $M^{dir}_{\pi D}$ and the decay amplitude to the same final state via charge-exchange, $A(B^0 \to \pi^+ D^-\to \pi^0 \bar D^0)$, by $M^r_{\pi D}$, it was found that [@BH] \[DPI\] [M\^[r]{}\_[D]{} M\^[dir]{}\_[D]{}]{} 0.18 + 0.58i . That is, the additional contribution from rescattering into the $\pi^0 \bar D^0$ final state is as important as the direct amplitude and is dominantly imaginary. Thus, the total amplitude of $B^0 \to \pi^0 \bar D^0$, given by $M^{r}_{\pi D} + M^{dir}_{\pi D}$, is predicted to carry a large final state phase. A similar situation exists in $B^0 \to \pi^0\pi^0$ due to rescattering effects from $B^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^-\to \pi^0 \pi^0$. We wish to stress that the calculation leading to Eq. (2) involves quite

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plays, on which he can’t shorten anything. Then as soon as that back-leg hits the turf on his final step, he would start shifting his weight and initiate the forward movement. The 49ers ran a bunch of I-formation and shotgun in his first couple of starts, out of which he never really worked a traditional dropback. It was a lot of bootlegs off those zone- and off-tackle runs, plus spreading the field out of shotgun alignments and working the entire width. Don’t get me wrong, I don’t want him to solely operate from under center. It would be silly to ask him to do that and to be honest. The way he functions out of spread-formations and attacks the entirety of the field, is one of his best attributes. Much like Tom Brady, Garoppolo loves to force the defense to cover a lot of ground and use motions to reveal some of their coverage keys. However, I strongly believe in making a quarterback work his way from the bottom up. Not only should his coaches be working with him on that in practice, Jimmy G should also be used that way in team drills and games, to get him into rhythm and avoid sloppy footwork. As the season progressed, he was asked to drop back from under center more and more, as well as using quick set-ups from the shotgun, which clearly put him into a nice rhythm and made him look much more dynamic. That tendency to pre-occupy some throws and lock in on them, makes him lose some peripheral vision if he believes strongly in a play. Therefore, he completes some passes that look good on TV and on the stat sheet, but when you watch the All-22, you can see that there would have been easier and at times bigger plays to be made. Just takes this snap against the Texans. Jimmy G lines up in an empty-formation with a double-tight set to the right. Garrett Celek and Kyle Juszczyk are running vertical routes on different levels of the field, while Matt Breida is split out wide and runs a quick slant. On the opposite side, Marquise Goodwin runs a flanker fade and Louis Murphy the shallow post from the inside. The 49ers QB and his slot-receiver identify the quarters-coverage correctly and hook up for close to a 20 yard gain. If you can pick up that kind of yardage, there’s not much to criticize from the coaching staff, but if you go one step further and realize that the Mike linebacker is dropping towards the trips-side and completely opens up his hips, you can see Breida get wide open over the middle, on what would probably lead to an easy touchdown. That area between the safety and linebackers is where you want to attack cover-four and if you look at it from that standpoint, he made the right play. However, if you know where you want to go with the ball anyway, you should check the underneath coverage, because in this case the only one who could make a play here is McKinney, if he sank deep. Once you see him drift that far to the right, there is nobody to defend the area from that hash until the sideline for 30 yards. Garoppolo could have even pulled the ball down still and lofted it anywhere out front to his RB. Six plays later, San Francisco ultimately had to settle for a field-goal. You can call me a nitpicker here, but this wouldn’t be a full analysis on the player, if I didn’t look at every single snap. However, there is a whole lot to get excited about when watching this guy on film. Jimmy is very methodical and takes what the defense gives him. While he has the arm to connect on shot-plays and keep the defense honest, it’s his work underneath with quick throws to the open areas, that make him a nightmare for defenses. When his eyes are on one key defender and that player commits too heavily for just a split second, Garoppolo will make him pay. Take this touchdown versus Jacksonville. Myles Jack is showing blitz to the right A-gap, but it is kind of a Tampa-2 coverage, which means he has to drop back quickly to take away anything coming into the void the safeties leave in the middle. His hips are turned to the trips-side and he would need to flick them completely around the make a play on the other side. Meanwhile, Telvin Smith is playing a hook-to-curl zone and is slighty drifting to the opposite side for two steps. With Jimmy’s ultra-quick release that is all he needs to fire the curl to his tight-end George Kittle in-between the two linebackers and he falls into the end-zone. Moreover, he knows where everybody on the field will be eventually. Therefore, he doesn’t need to watch his receiver run their whole route and give away with his eyes, where he wants to go, the entire way. On this snap versus Tennessee, the Titans are in cover-three with a single-high safety look. I guess Jimmy G anticipated cover-one off the snap and looks at Marquise Goodwin as the single-receiver to the right, running a fade. Because of that, he didn’t have the opportunity to hit Louis Murphy running free in the seams from the slot. He then comes all the way back to his left to see if the underneath coverage was cleared and he had Logan Paulsen on the quick in-route. Since he sees the flat-defender cheat to the inside, he knows Carlos Hyde is open out there and takes the safe throw, which leads to a broken tackle and a six-yard gain. It doesn’t look like much, but he didn’t try to force anything and made the right decision for the situation. I have a bunch of other clips of him, quickly diagnosing the coverage the opposing defense is in and just shredding it for what looks like such an easy completion. Whether that is drawing the middle-safety in cover-three with a seam route and then hitting a deep-in in front of him or splitting the safeties in cover-two with a quick read to his tight-end over the middle just as he gets a step on the linebackers in underneath coverage. You can tell he has been spending a little of time in the film room up in New England and with the clever play-designing of Kyle Shanahan, those two will pick some defenses apart over the coming years. Conclusion To sum this all up a little. Jimmy Garoppolo was phenomenal in his first five starts with the 49ers. While his footwork was sloppy at times and I believe there are some nuances, that should be cleaned up in his mechanics, his natural abilities and the way he plays the game from the shoulders up, signal an extremely promising career. If he wants to be somebody, who can play into his late 30s or even early 40s – and I believe he is capable of that – he needs to take some pressure off his upper body and use the proper foot action to make things easier for himself. This guy has something special and he needed to have that, if he wanted to pull off five straight wins, with a roster that was 1-10 before he arrived in the Bay Area. Watching his mic’d up stuff and understanding what kind of a guy he is, I have no doubt he will religiously work on himself and only get better from this point on. Should he be the highest-paid player in NFL history already? Of course not. But this is what the market looks like for quarterbacks right now. Once free agency officially starts, somebody will probably surpass his numbers. That’s also when San Francisco will add some more talent to surround their man at the helm, since the only pass-catcher on their roster, who earned more than two million dollars in 2017, was on injured reserve. I pointed out some of Garoppolo’s weaknesses, because I believe in him improving as a quarterback. The Niners have made the decision to build their franchise around him and trust me – the future is very bright for this young man.A tank top with a with fanny pack style of zipper pocket. It comes in three different colors: White, Black and Grey. Average Review for this product is 4.5 Stars. One zip pocket not enough for you? How about two! For more info, click here. Comes in gray and white as well. Interested in other zipper pockets clothing besides tank tops?Comparison of food allergy prevalence among Chinese infants in Chongqing, 2009 versus 1999. Food allergy prevalence is increasing in developed countries, but these results have not yet been verified in developing countries, especially in China. Our aim was to determine whether the prevalence and characteristics of food allergy have changed over the last 10 years in Chongqing, China. Two cross-sectional studies were performed, 10 years apart (1999 and 2009) using the same diagnostic methods in the same age group (0-24 months) of the same clinic in Chongqing, China. A total of 401 infants were randomly selected for the present study. Food allergy was confirmed by food challenge. spss 15.0 was used to analyze the difference in prevalence. Food allergy prevalence increased significantly from 3.5% in 1999 to 7.7% in 2009 (P= 0.017). The prevalence of a positive skin-prick-test response was also increased (from 9.9% to 18%; P= 0.002). Egg and cow's milk were still the most common food allergens, which cause skin and gastrointestinal symptoms in most infants. This is the first study in China to indicate time trends in food allergy prevalence and characteristics. Our data show that in the 10-year period from 1999

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($attributeData)) { return false; } $requiredKeys = array( 'attribute_id', 'attribute_code', 'entity_type_id', 'attribute_model' ); foreach ($requiredKeys as $key) { if (!array_key_exists($key, $attributeData)) { return false; } } return true; } /** * Import attributes data from external source * * @param string|Mage_Eav_Model_Entity_Type $entityType * @param array $attributes * @return $this */ public function importAttributesData($entityType, array $attributes) { $entityType = $this->getEntityType($entityType); foreach ($attributes as $attributeData) { if (!$this->_validateAttributeData($attributeData)) { continue; } $this->_createAttribute($entityType, $attributeData); } return $this; } } Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of diabetic medications that inhibit renal glucose reabsorption, promote glucosuria, and effectively reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), providing hypoglycemia-free glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Currently, of the six SGLT2 inhibitors commercially available in Japan, canagliflozin has a lower SGLT2 selectivity of 155-fold over SGLT1 and 250--3000-fold selectivity compared with other SGLT2 inhibitors \[[@CR3]\]. SGLT1 is highly expressed on the brush-border membrane of enterocytes in the proximal intestine and plays a role in glucose absorption \[[@CR4], [@CR5]\]. Thus, the intestinal SGLT1 inhibition lowers serum glucose levels and conversely augments distal intestinal glucose levels. Incretins, such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) from K cells and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from L cells in the intestine, are hormones that are released from the gut into the bloodstream in response to nutrient ingestion \[[@CR6]--[@CR8]\]. SGLT1 is also expressed in the proximal tubule, heart, skeletal muscle, and others \[[@CR9], [@CR10]\]. Experiments suggest that canagliflozin exhibited modest potency against SGLT1 in the intestine as a result of delayed glucose absorption and increased GLP-1 secretion \[[@CR11]\], as well as SGLT2 inhibition in the proximal tubule. In clinical studies with healthy subjects \[[@CR12], [@CR13]\], a single dose of orally administered canagliflozin 300 mg transiently delayed intestinal glucose absorption, probably as a result of SGLT1 inhibition, which resulted in a reduction in plasma GIP levels and an increase in plasma GLP-1 levels \[[@CR12]\]. The α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GIs) inhibit α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestinal brush borders, leading to a delay in the digestion of complex carbohydrates and absorption of glucose in the upper part of the small intestine. This process is mediated by lower GIP levels and improves postprandial hyperglycemia \[[@CR14]--[@CR16]\]. Furthermore, a delay in glucose absorption by α-GIs accelerates GLP-1 secretion in the lower intestine and, consequently, increases plasma GLP-1 levels, which partly contributes to the inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia \[[@CR15], [@CR16]\]. Metformin has also been reported to increase plasma GLP-1 levels after a test meal in patients with T2DM \[[@CR17]--[@CR19]\]. The mechanisms underlying the increased plasma GLP-1 levels associated with metformin treatment are poorly understood. Metformin has been suggested to inhibit the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in the ileum, thereby increasing the luminal concentration of bile acids in the ileum and colon \[[@CR18]\]. Exogenous bile acids increase circulating GLP-1 in clinical studies \[[@CR20], [@CR21]\]. Thus, metformin induces GLP-1 secretion indirectly through an increase in bile acids in the intestine. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of canagliflozin 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks on blood glucose control and postprandial total GLP-1 levels in Japanese patients with T2DM, as either single or combination therapy with α-GI or metformin, both of which are known to potentiate GLP-1 secretion. Methods {#Sec2} ======= Study Subjects {#Sec3} -------------- This was a 12-week, open-label study conducted at Naka Kinen Clinic (Ibaraki, Japan). The study protocol was approved by the Naka Kinen Clinic Institutional Review Board, Ibaraki, Japan, and is registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000018345. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were compensated for their time. Eligible participants were patients aged at least 20 years and less than 75 years with T2DM who met the following criteria: (1) had a baseline HbA1c between 6.5% and 8.5%, and (2) underwent regular dietary or exercise therapy for at least 8 weeks, or took stable doses of oral glucose-lowering agents of α-GI or metformin for at least 8 weeks. Patients who met at least one of the following criteria were excluded from the study: (1) had type 1 diabetes mellitus or secondary diabetes mellitus; (2) had a contraindication to canagliflozin; (3) had severe renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m^2^); (4) had a body mass index (BMI) less than 22 kg/m^2^; (5) were receiving glucose-lowering therapy by insulin, GLP-1 analogues, or other SGLT2 inhibitors; (6) were pregnant, breast-feeding or planning to be pregnant; or (7) were deemed by the investigator to be not suitable, e.g., patients with a complication or history of cerebral or myocardial infarction. Study Design {#Sec4} ------------ Patients with T2DM inadequately controlled by a regular diet and exercise therapy regimen (classified as the drug-naïve group), acarbose (the α-GI group), or metformin (the metformin group) for at least 8 weeks were enrolled and given canagliflozin 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks. The meal tolerance tests (MTTs) were carried out before and after canagliflozin treatment for 12 weeks. A meal was about 504 kcal and consisted of 63.1% carbohydrate, 12.4% protein, and 23.2% fat. For the MTTs, canagliflozin 100 mg was administered 30 min before the start of the meal and blood samples were collected at four time points: before a meal and 30, 60, and 90 min after a meal to measure blood glucose, total GIP, total GLP-1, and immunoreactive insulin levels. To assess glycemic control and anthropometric variables, HbA1c, glycoalbumin, body weight, and BMI were measured before and every 4 weeks during the canagliflozin treatment period of 12 weeks. The waist circumference was also measured before and after a 12-week treatment with canagliflozin. Measurement of Total GIP and GLP-1 Levels, Immunoreactive Insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA)-R, and HOMA-Beta Cell Function (HOMA-B) {#Sec5} ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Plasma total GIP levels were measured with an ELISA kit that had 100% cross-reactivity to human active GIP and inactive GIP (EMD Millipore Corporation, MO, USA) \[[@CR22], [@CR23]\]. The detection limit of total GIP in this assay was 0.8 pmol/L. Plasma total GLP-1 levels were determined by an electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay kit (Meso Scale Diagnostic LLC, MD, USA) \[[@CR23]\]. The detection limit of total GLP-1 in this assay was 0.4 pmol/L. Values below the detection limit were calculated as half values of the detection limit. Serum immunoreactive insulin levels were measured with a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay kit from SRL Inc (Tokyo, Japan). Two samples were missing in both the drug-naïve group and the metformin group. HOMA-R, an index of insulin resistance, and HOMA-B were calculated as follows \[[@CR24]\]; HOMA-R = insulin × fasting blood glucose/405, HOMA-B = insulin × 360/(fasting blood glucose − 63). Statistical Analysis {#Sec6} -------------------- Data in all tables and figures are presented as the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise stated. An incremental area under the curve (ΔAUC; defined as AUC above the value before a meal in an MTT) from 0 to

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successfully in English environment. Supplementary: - foster life-long learning skills, active social position and patriotism; Internet sources: www.akorda.kz , www.eslcafe.com; www.englishonline.com; www.educationuk.org; www.teachingenglish.org.uk www.learnenglish.org.uk. Note: the above materials are available in the KBTU library, the British Council Resource Center and the Internet. Other abbreviations: TBD – to be determined SIS – Students’ independent study TSIS –Teacher supervised independent study RL – Required literature GE – General English SL – Supplementary literature NEF – New English File ESC - English-speaking countries WB – Work Book SB – Student’s Book COURSE CALENDAR Weeks/ Dates Class work T/SIS Topic/Module Hours Activities/ Materials TSIS Project Writing SIS Week 1 Add-drop registration week Acquaintance, syllabus and academic policy Week 2 MODULE 1 1A. Who is who? 1B. Who knows you better? 1C. At the Moulin Rouge There are two attestation periods worth 30% each. The final exam is 40% of the student’s grade. In-class assessment includes classwork, quizzes, and participation. Homework (T/SIS) is work done outside of class and includes regular assignments as well as the project. Course policies Academic honesty is expected of all students. Cheating and plagiarism are violations of academic honesty. Any student found violating the academic policy would receive an automatic “ZERO” for the assignment. Cheating is the act of obtaining information and data improperly or in a deceitful or dishonest way. Examples of cheating are copying from another student’s paper, obtaining information illegally on tests, and using crib notes or deceitful practices. Late work: All formal papers must be submitted at the beginning of class on the day they are due. There will be a deduction of points. (10% per day) Please note that it is your responsibility to print assignments well in advance. Make-up work following an absenceThe student is responsible for obtaining all notes and assignments from the classes missed. All quizzes must be taken on the first day after an absence. These arrangements are the student’s responsibility and a Zero will be given for incomplete work. ACADEMIC POLICY Students are required: · to be respectful to the teacher and other students; · to switch off mobile phones during classes; · not to cheat. Plagiarized papers shall not be graded; · to meet the deadlines; Work submitted late for no valid reason is subject to 50% grade deduction; · to come to classes prepared and actively participate in classroom work; students who refuse to participate may be marked absent at the teacher’s discretion; · to enter the room before the teacher starts the lesson; · to attend all classes. No make-up tests are allowed unless there is a valid reason for missing them; · to follow KBTU academic policy regarding W, AW, I, F grades. A student must earn not less than 30 points in the two attestation periods. If the sum of the two attestation scores is less than 30 points, the student gets the unsatisfactory mark “Fail” (F) and will not be admitted to the final examination. The final exam score must be not less than 20 points. If the student earns less than 20 points, the student gets the unsatisfactory mark “Fail” (F). Students are encouraged to: · consult the teacher on any issues related to the course; · make up within a week’s time for the works undone for a valid reason without any grade deductions;At Sun, 17 Feb 2013 23:23:16 +1030, Jonathan Woithe wrote: >> On Sun, Feb 17, 2013 at 09:32:38AM +0100, Takashi Iwai wrote: > > > I've been able to test this (snapshot as of two days ago, reports version > > > number 3.8.0-rc5+ via uname). As expected there have been some > > > improvements. > > > > Thanks for testing. > > > > > Things which work: > > > > > > * "Headphone Jack Mode" allows switching between "Headphone" and "Line > > > out". Both of these mode settings appear to work. > > > > > > * There are separate "Headphone" and "Speaker" volume controls. > > > > > > * The "Headphone" volume control influences the headphone jack volume. > > > > > > * An "Auto-Mute Mode" control appears in alsamixer (it was missing on > > > earlier versions). > > > > > > * Alsamixer recognises the presence of two ADCs, giving "Capture" and > > > "Capture 1" controls, with corresponding "Input Source" controls. > > > > > > Things which don't work or are missing: > > > > > > * "Headphone Jack Mode" lacks options to enable various "mic" or "line in" > > > modes (all of which are possible on this system) > > > > Yes, it is still unimplemented. So, it's expected not to be there > > yet. If you can hack it by yourself, let me know. >> I may be able to give this a go, but from what I recall there was some > debate as to how this should be implemented. Has that been resolved yet? No, we need to try to implement something and discuss later. I think simply implementing two things would work: providing the vref setup in Headphone Jack Mode enum, and add a pin to the Input Source. User would require two setups, but it's less conflicting with giving implicit dependency with each other, IMO. > Is there any code I could use as a template or example? No template, since the parser code has been completely rewritten recently. Just take a look at hda_generic.c. > > > * The "Input source" controls don't offer the "headphone jack" as a > > > possible source. > > > > Ditto. >> Ok. >> > > * The built-in speaker is completely silent under all situations I have > > > come up with. The setting of "Auto-Mute Mode" has no effect, neither > > > does a manual unmute of the "Speaker" volume control. While I don't > > > personally care much about this I suspect others might. > > > > Hm, this is really mysterious. I have no idea which init code causes > > the problem, and it's hard to debug without a hardware. Could you try > > to figure out which setup is missing? >> I spent a quite some time on this using hda-verb tonight with no success. > I tried many combinations of mute settings and in the end unmuted every node > I can see which lies between the DAC (nid 0x2) and the speaker in this > laptop (nid 0x10). That is: >> * Unmute the inputs on node 0x9 > * Maximise the volume on node 0x9 > * Unmute the input to node 0x10 >> Even with this the speakers remained mute. I then tried using the relevant > parts of the S702X initialisation sequence from 3.3.5 but even this didn't > permit the speaker to make any sound. Whatever's going on it's subtle. >> I confirmed that the alsamixer "Speaker Volume" control manipulated the > output volume control of node 0x9 as it should. >> A quick comparison of /proc/asound/card0/codec#0 from 3.3.5 (where the > speaker works) and 3.8.0-rc5+ (where it doesn't) failed to show anything > obvious. A more detailed comparison may be required. Hm, then maybe the default initialization verbs for ALC260 does something harmful for this machine? A quick (untested) patch is below. > > > * As eluded to above, the "Auto-Mute Mode" control appears to do nothing. > > > > > > * There's no "Mic Jack Mode" control to control the mode of the "mic" jack. > > > This jack supports line-in mode as well as the various "mic" modes which > > > give varying bias voltages. > > > > Strange, the jack mode should appear all input jacks except for the > > fixed pin. Could you give alsa-info.sh output with the latest code? >> The alsa-info is included at the end of this message. To assist in the > debugging of the speaker problem I've also included the output

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goal is to accept and merge these aspects within yourself. These qualities can be those you like or dislike, want to emulate or discard. As you read about them in this chapter, see which resonate with you. Do the exercises later in this chapter to understand their role in yourself and your relationships. ### **Getting to Know the Ancient Goddesses** Male and female divine figures can come from ancient cultures such as the Sumerian, Teutonic, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman. They can also come from modern times. Let's take a closer look at some of the gods and goddesses from around the world, starting with the goddesses. #### **_Major and Well-Known Goddesses_ ** Most goddesses represent fertility. Goddesses are loving and nurturing in their light manifestations; however, they also are portrayed as seductresses engaging in ritual prostitution. As you read through this list of goddesses from various cultures, circle names you find yourself drawn to: * **Lilith** A Near Eastern goddess portrayed in many legends as an independent woman refusing to be dominated by men (and therefore named for a music festival a few years ago that celebrated female artists). In one myth she is the first woman in paradise, but she did not submit to Adam as did Eve. In ancient Sumerian lore, she gained a reputation as a seductress and harlot, using her secrets of sexual techniques to lure men to the temples of Inanna, Ishtar, and Astarte to worship her, hail infidelity, and participate in tantric sexual rites. * **Ishtar** The "Exalted Light of Heaven," with her sweet lips and beautiful body, is known for her eroticism and sexuality but also depicted as the goddess of battle, carrying a bow and sword and riding on a lioness. Deriving from ancient Sumeria as Inanna, and later appearing in the Babylonian era as well as in Egypt, she is symbolized by the evening star and revered for her prophecy, leadership, and healing of the sick. In annual rites, this high Priestess unites with the king in sacred marriage. Ishtar, the great goddess of eroticism. * **Aphrodite** The most popular goddess from Greek tradition is associated with love, desire, ultimate sexuality, and ecstasy, and is often symbolized by a dove, dolphin, rose, apple, or even an opium poppy. She is also popularly known as Venus, famous Roman goddess of love, known for purity, and supposedly invented by the Romans to turn the citizens toward chastity. * **Artemis** In Greek mythology, she is the virgin goddess of the hunt and the moon. She is the female counterpart to Ares, the god of war. * **Guan-Yin** This is the great Chinese goddess of compassion, whose statue is sold everywhere in China. I've been moved after seeing one of her tallest statues on Puduo Mountain, the site of three of her most revered temples; another statue of her is planned to be placed in the water at China's most expansive Buddhist gardens on the island of Hainan, meant to evoke the impressive welcome of our own Statue of Liberty. Guan-Yin, Chinese goddess of compassion. * **The Virgin Mary** She is the ultimate Christian symbol of purity and motherhood. * **Hindu goddesses** Various goddesses are of great importance in India and Nepal. I have witnessed ceremonies and seen temples to many of them, and also have many small statues that I keep in my home and even carry in my pocketbook. They include . . . * Durga, the mother of goddesses. * Tara, a goddess representing kindness and wisdom. * Lakshmi, the goddess of abundance, wealth, happiness, and prosperity. * Saraswati, goddess of the arts. * Kali, the goddess of power and strength. I have witnessed many sacrifices at her shrine outside Kathmandu, Nepal, where goats and chickens are slaughtered and their blood offered to her statues, as a request for her protection. Kali, Hindu goddess of power. * * * **Tantra Tales** Some women today rename themselves with Sanskrit names of goddesses, such as Lakshmi, Kamala, and Usha. Or they may refer to a goddess to describe their own behavior. For example, one tantra friend of mine talks about her expressions of anger or confrontations with other people by saying, "My Kali came out!" #### **_Other Goddesses Around the World_ ** Almost every culture has goddesses that might be equivalent to deities from other cultures and eras. Even if your own background differs, you might identify with these entities (especially if you believe in past lives when you may have lived in those times and places). Here are several countries and some of the goddesses associated with them: * **Japan** The goddess Benzai Tennyo is associated with sexuality and fertility, but also with granting good fortune and with the art of music (similar to the Hindu goddess Saraswati). * **Mexico** Tlazolteotl is the Aztec goddess of love and sexuality whose worship included prostitution. In her dark side, she is associated with death and human sacrifice. * * * **Tantra Tutorial** Greek goddess prototypes, such as Demeter as mother and Artemis as the warrior, are described in Agapi Stassinopolous's book, _Conversations with the Goddess: Revealing the Divine Power Within You_ (Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1999). * **Ireland** Maeve is considered a magical goddess of Ireland. On one hand she is associated with wanton sexuality, but on the other she is a warrior who uses her sexuality to win battles. * **Scotland** Riannon, a Welsh goddess often depicted mounted on a white horse or who transforms into a white mare for a marriage ceremony. In mythology, she was chased by a Prince who could not catch her until he asked her permission—a story evoking the importance of a man's surrender to the goddess (a key tantric sex principle). * **Africa** Mboze is the goddess of the Woyo people; she represents fertility through rainfall. Odude is a Northwest African goddess, whose name means "the black one" and who is often imaged as a serpent, evoking the tantric kundalini energy rising. * **Israel** The Hebrew goddess Shekinah, whose name means "creative force," is equivalent to the Hindu "Shakti," and is meant to establish balance. Ruth is a real woman revered to have saved her people in ancient times, and thus can be considered a goddess. * **Egypt** Qadesh is the goddess of love and sex from the Akkadian and Babylonian empires often depicted as a ruler of fertility in the animal world; her worshippers also practiced prostitution. * **United States** Mother Maui is the goddess of the New Age movement; Gaia is the goddess of the Earth; and Pele is the goddess of fire, often depicted as arising from a volcano. (Having spent much time on the island of Maui in Hawaii, I know firsthand the powerful goddess energy there, and recommend you go there to experience it, too.) * **Thailand** Tap-tun is celebrated in Thailand (and as Chao Mae Tuptim in China) with offerings of hundreds of symbols of lingams (male sexual organs). * **Haiti** The Voodoo goddess Erzuli, also called Empusae, is known as a sexual vampire, sucking out men's strength by seducing them while they sleep and inducing erotic dreams or ejaculation. She is worshipped in modern times with champagne and perfume. * **Middle East** The Islamic goddess Al'Lat (also called Hecate) is the feminine form of Allah and similar to the Hindu Lord Shiva in that calling her is like saying "the Lord" or simply "God." She symbolizes three aspects of the moon: the virgin, the mother, and the aging wise woman. Her reign ended when her shrine was taken over by the prophet Mohammed, signaling the change from matriarchy to patriarchy. * **Near East** Cybele is reputed to perform both fertility and castration rites. Archeological finds dating back to 6000 B . C . prove her early worship, usually in the form of a black stone. Remember to circle the goddesses whose energies you connect with. For example, I connect with Guan Yin because I spend so much time in China; all the goddesses in Nepal; the Greek goddess of the hunt, Artemis, which was the name of the women's rock band I played in; and the Welsh goddess Riannon, the subject of a Fleetwood Mac song I sang while in the band. * * * **Blocks to Bliss** Some beings are considered to have given tantric sex a bad reputation. Aghora is a rebellious manifestation of the Hindu god Shiva, famous for orgies and cruelties, such that his devotees have sex in cemeteries. Bhogi supposedly volunteered as a human sacrifice to achieve sacred status; his dying wish was to have sex with many women. ### **Gods from Different Cultures** Like goddesses, gods come from every culture, tradition, and era

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roof and can easily imitate wood, slate or clay. Are Asphalt Shingles the Same as Composition Shingles? No, asphalt shingles and composite shingles are not exactly the same. While asphalt shingles are cheaper, composition shingles are more versatile, durable and environmentally friendly. Are Composition Shingles Fire Resistant? Yes, composition shingles are fire resistant What is the Average Cost to Replace A Roof? The average cost to replace a roof is approximately $7,000. The price will heavily depend on your material of choice, roofer, roof condition, roof size and roof pitch. Determine your roof pitch with our roofing calculator. Composite Shingle Roof Prices Vs. Other Roofing Materials Roof replacement or installation is no small project. Beyond durability, maintenance and location, most homeowners choose roofing materials based on price. As such, you need to know average roofing costs for all materials on the market. Be sure to compare comp shingle roof costs to all roofing materials below: Composite Shingles Vs. Asphalt Shingles As you research roofing materials online, you’ll quickly see that asphalt and composite shingles are quite similar. However, with a closer look, there are key differences all homeowners should know. After all, installing the wrong roofing material for your area could spell disaster for your home. Firstly, comp shingles are made from multiple ingredients such as slate, laminate, wood, fiberglass and more. Asphalt consists of a paper or fiberglass mat with asphalt above it. Next, as said previously, composition roofs last longer than asphalt. Considering that stronger materials are used, it makes perfect sense that composite shingles could last twice as long as asphalt. Composition roofs usually use recycled materials and are therefore, eco-friendly. More often than not, asphalt shingle roofs are not environmentally friendly. Finally, as we’ve already shared, asphalt shingles are more affordable than composite shingles. In fact, asphalt costs roughly 75% less than composite shingles. However, since composition roofs last longer, their lifetime costs are not that far off. Types Of Comp Shingles Composite shingles are a type of asphalt shingle that falls under two categories, organic and fiberglass, with three subtypes of 3-tab, laminate/dimensional and architectural/premium. Organic composite shingles are composed of a core of felt or paper, which is coated in asphalt, then topped with a layer of ceramic granules. They last about 20 to 30 years and are more flexible than the second type, which helps reduce damages caused by temperature shifts. Fiberglass composite shingles on the other hand are made with a base of fiberglass, which is reinforced with a synthetic resin and coated with asphalt. Due to the fiberglass, they are a little more brittle than organic composite shingles and thus, less able to withstand sudden shifts in temperature, which expand and contract materials. Fiberglass composite shingles are more water resistant because of the resin coating. The three subtypes of composite shingles are 3-tab, laminate/dimensional and architectural, sometimes called premium. A 3-tab composite roof is a single layer of shingle and is available in a variety of colors, depending on manufacturer. They generally have a warranty between 20 and 30 years. Laminate/dimensional composite shingles are the most common and are double the thickness of 3-tab shingles. Laminate shingles have two shingles affixed together to create a look of depth as opposed to the flat, one-dimensional look of 3-tab. The warranty for this type is generally between 30 and 50 years. Composite Shingles Manufacturers As time evolves, more and more composite roofing brands are popping up. However, a few composite manufacturers stand above the rest. Three of the most common composite shingle manufacturers are EcoStar, CertainTeed and Davinci. EcoStar offers a certified Green product and has shingles that have been approved for historic buildings in need of repair and preservation. CertainTeed, like EcoStar, offers composite shingles that are almost indistinguishable from beautiful slate or shake. Davinci’s products are polymer-based and offer the top fire and impact ratings available, as well as a long warranty. As you talk to local roofers, ask them what manufacturer they would recommend for your roof’s layout and location. Composition Shingle Advantages Composite roofs bring a host of benefits to roofs across the country. Composite roof advantages include: Composite shingles offer a wonderful balance between cost, aesthetics and value. Many companies offer composites that look just like slate, wood or other much more expensive materials. Composite roofs are impact resistant and fire resistant. Composition roof warranties are a great value at over 20 years, often offering guarantees as long as 50 years. Composites can be found to match any style and are suitable for any project. Composite shingles are significantly cheaper than slate, shake or clay, while offering the same beautiful look. In some cases, composite resists cracking and warping better than the products they’re meant to resemble. Composition Shingle Disadvantages No roofing material is perfect. Before installing or replacing any roof, you must look at downsides as well. The primary disadvantages of composition shingle roofs are: Composite shingles are about four times more expensive than asphalt. Installing composites does require professional installation, as there are particular tools used to install the material. Composite shingles are also somewhat vulnerable to wind damage, but they are easy to restore, reducing your overall roof repair costs. Unless a little more money is put into finishes that resist moss and mildew in humid climates, composite shingles are prone to suffering decay and unsightly growth. Find A Local Roofer If you want to make the wise compromise between cost and appearance, composite shingles are certainly worth considering. The variety of styles, which are often indecipherable from much more costly materials, and the long warranties make them hard to beat.Finding Fresh Produce Food banks sourcing more fresh produce March 29, 2017 by Brooke Still Imagine you were given a bushel of apples that you’d never be able to eat before they go bad. You have three options: take what you can and throw away the rest, refuse the apples all together or take what you’ll eat and give the rest to your friends. Feeding America member food banks are faced with this scenario often — on a much larger scale — and throughout the country, they’re choosing option three. It’s our mission to make more nutritious food available to the people who need it — but often that food can be less frequently available or more perishable. So food banks are partnering together to feed the most people healthy foods. Second Harvest Heartland: Combating cold off-seasons It was obvious to the folks at Second Harvest Heartland that in the Midwest, more produce is available in the summer than in the winter. But when Bob Branham, director of produce strategy, looked at the data, he saw just how sharp the decline becomes when the temperature drops: During peak seasonality, they might distribute 18 different kinds of produce, but in the off season, that variety can drop to just five. And when the variety of produce declines, so do the pounds distributed. Branham knew they couldn’t be the only food bank in the Midwest facing this challenge. So with Feeding America’s help, Second Harvest Heartland decided to take on the challenge of a produce mixing center — a hub for fresh produce, often led by one food bank who sorts large quantities of food into more manageable loads and then delivers them to other food banks in the same geographic region. Second Harvest Heartland and its partners officially launched the mixing center in March 2016 with up to 17 participating food banks at any given time, located throughout the Midwest — and the growth has been phenomenal. They’re working with food banks in warmer climates throughout the country to source the produce — and at the end of their first year, they’ll have distributed slightly more than four million pounds of fresh fruits and veggies. But this is just the beginning — the produce cooperative has set the high goal of sourcing 15 million pounds annually by 2019 — feeding more of our neighbors the healthy foods they need. Feeding the Pacific Northwest: Making the most of the abundance Fifteen hundred miles to the west, Feeding the Pacific Northwest works in an entirely different climate. Rather than facing a dry spell during produce off seasons, food bankers in the Northwest often see excess produce — good fruits and veggies going to waste because food banks can’t metabolize them fast enough. Through careful planning and constant communication, FPNW helps to ensure that each food bank has enough to meet its individual needs, and then shares excess produce. Some of the main produce items that the member food banks share are what there’s an abundance of in the region: apples, onions, pears and potatoes Last summer, The Idaho Foodbank knew it was going to receive an excess of zucchini and summer squash all at once. Rather than risking those nutrient-rich foods going

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. He is made up of, Regrettably, substantially extra operating for him than the eighteenth-century French coiffeurs who relied consequently intensely on the whims of the incredibly prosperous and fairly noble; particularly, scientifically created attractiveness products and solutions and a greatly diverse purchasers. How to study abroad New YorkThis invention relates to an high capacity DRAM device having a smaller cell size as well as having a higher storage capacity. This process also relates to a process for preparing xe2x80x9cmemoriesxe2x80x9d and other semiconductor devices with smaller dimensions and precise controls. In particular, this invention relates to a process for preparing DRAM""s having a smaller cell size with high storage capacities and the cell layout of a high density DRAM product having a capacity as high as four gigabits. In recent years, in the area of semiconductor memory devices such as DRAM, 4M and 16M DRAMs have been mass-produced, and 64M DRAMs have been studied. In DRAMs, the typical three dimensional structures such as a trench type and a stack type have been developed. The trench type is manufactured in a groove provided on the semiconductor substrate, and the stack type is formed by laminating in three dimensions the conductive layers on the surface of the semiconductor substrate. The trench type has a flatter surface than the stack type, providing advantages for lithography but has serious operating disadvantages. The operation voltage is changed by leakage of current and punch-through between adjacent trenches. Electron-hole pairs generated by xcex1-particles transmitted inside the substrate are also a problem. The stack type is formed by laminating element layers on the substrate, and the fabrication process sequence is simpler than for the trench type and does not have the operating deficits noted above. As a result, the stack type is more attractive than the trench type. A limiting factor in the construction of stack type DRAMs in smaller cell sizes is the minimum storage capacity of 25 fF required for proper operation of a DRAM, that is, the cell capacity required per cell and the practical limit of photolithography techniques for achieving smaller dimensions. As the memory device is made to be more highly integrated and thus smaller in size, the area occupied by each cell is reduced, thus reducing the area available for each capacitor. To be functionally operable, the capacitor must have a large capacity, even as the size of the memory cell is reduced. The chip size of a DRAM product is determined by the formula: Chip Area=AP+AM Where: AP is the Area of Peripheral circuits; and AM is the Area of total Memory cells and is calculated by the formula: AM=Total Bits (or density)xc3x97a Cell Area Normally, AM occupies more than 55 percent of the total chip area in a high density DRAM. Because the smaller the chip size, the lower the production cost, every effort is directed to reducing the cell size. It can be shown that the memory cell size can be estimated by the formula: Cell Area=2xc3x97(AP+2xcex4)xc3x97WP/AE xe2x80x83Wherein: AP=Active Pitch; xcex4=Spacing of a bit line contact to the word line due to alignment limitations of photolithography (alignment errors); WP=Word Line Pitch; and AE=Area Efficiency. In the produce and process of this invention, AE can be greater than previously known configurations, being above 80% and as high as about 100%. Prior art approaches have focused on reducing the Cell Area by scaling but have reached limits in size reduction and tolerances due to the limits of photolithography, process techniques, and the need to make a capacitors having capacities greater than 25 fF. Similar constraints have limited the Area Efficiency for a typical 16 M DRAM to less than 80 percent. It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for manufacturing a semiconductor device which provides component widths and spacings of in a range down to 1000 xc3x85 and smaller in horizontal planes by using the existing optical stepper or other advanced conventional lithographic exposure systems and even smaller dimensions in a range down to 700 xc3x85 using more advanced X-ray and more precise RIE techniques. It is another object of this invention to provide a smaller DRAM cell structure which provides a theoretical efficiency of 100 percent. It is a still further object of this invention to enable the construction of DRAMs having a density of up to four gigabits per device without sacrificing the cell capacity. A further object of this invention is the provision of a DRAM having components which are entirely constructed in straight line structures, avoiding stress points, and yielding a more stable, low leakage product. It is a still further object of this invention to provide a DRAM having word and active line arrays each of which are straight, have a uniform width, and have a uniform, minimum spacing from adjacent members of their respective arrays, the word and bit lines being in a configuration perpendicular to each other. In summary, one process of this invention is to produce a desired width of a product material in small dimensions in a range down to 800 xc3x85. The process comprises the following steps: a) depositing a form material on the surface of a product material; b) removing a portion of the form material by vertical etching using photolithography to leave a sidewall of said form material; c) depositing a layer of masking material over the form material and product material, the layer of masking material having a thickness correlating to said desired width of product material; d) removing masking material by vertical RIE until the form material is exposed, leaving a predetermined width of masking material, and removing the form material until the underlying product material is exposed; e) removing portions of the product material which are not protected by the masking material to leave a desired width of product material corresponding to the width of the masking material; and f) removing the masking material, leaving a desired width of said product material. The form material can be nitride, the masking material can be oxide, and the product material is a conductor such as doped polysilicon. Examples of suitable products formed by this process are word lines and capacitor plates. Another process of this invention forms a small spacing d between widths of material. This can be useful for reducing spacings between capacitor plates, conductors or transistors, and in reducing the size of field oxide areas, for example. It can also yield products such as bit lines or word lines with reduced widths. The process for forming a desired space between adjacent portions of a product material having a width e comprises the following steps: a) depositing a form material on the surface of a product material; b) removing a center portion of the form material by vertical etching using photolithography to leave form materials having widths W with opposed sidewalls spaced apart by a distance D which is greater than the desired spacing d by 2xcex94; c) depositing a layer of masking material over the form material and product material, the layer of masking material having a thickness correlating to xcex94; d) removing masking material by vertical RIE until the form material is exposed, leaving xcex94 widths of masking material contacting each of the opposed sidewalls of the form material; e) removing form material by etching; e) removing portions of the product material which are not protected by the masking material; and f) removing the form material and the masking material, leaving adjacent pairs of adjacent widths of product material, each having a width e of in a range down to 800 xc3x85, the desired spacing d between adjacent pairs of product material being in a range down to 700 xc3x85; and a spacing W between adjacent widths of a product material. In this process, each of the form material, masking material and product material is a member independently selected from the group consisting of nitride, oxide, conductor and laminate combinations thereof. Preferably, the form material and the masking material are not the same member, and the masking material and the product material are not the same member. For example, the form material include nitride, oxide, or combinations thereof; the masking material can be oxide; and the product material can be doped polysilicon or metal. In one embodiment, the form material is nitride, the masking material is oxide, and the product material is a conductor. The product material can doped polysilicon. The adjacent widths of product material can be word lines capacitor plates, for example. Another embodiment of the process of this invention forms a desired spacing d in small dimensions in a range down to 700 xc3x85 between adjacent widths of a product material. It comprises the following steps: a) depositing a form material on the surface of a product material; b) forming an array of photolithographic masking materials spaced apart by a distance D; c) removing portions of the form material by vertical etching to leave an array of form materials with opposed sidewalls spaced apart by a distance D which is greater than spacing d by 2xcex94 and removing the photolithographic masking materials; c) depositing a layer of second masking material over the form material and product material, the layer of second masking material having a thickness correlating to xcex94; d) removing second masking material by vertical RIE until the form material is exposed, leaving xcex94 widths of opposed second masking material contacting each of the opposed sidewalls of the form material, the distance between the opposed widths of second masking material being in a range in a range down to 700 xc3x85. In one embodiment of this process, the form material, masking material and product material are each individually selected from the group consisting of nitride, oxide, conductor and laminate combinations thereof. Preferably, the form material and the masking material

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an optically accessible blood vessel, or by imaging radioactive label in the plaque in a blood vessel anywhere in the body. US Patent Application Publication 2006/0131284 to Grinvald et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a method and system for determining and mapping the quantity of chromophores having a distinct spectrum attached to moving objects in a spectrally rich environment that may include multiple chromophores attached to stationary objects. An area of interest is imaged at different times and different wavelengths, and the spectral properties of the one or more chromophores attached to the moving objects are separated from the stationary spectral properties of the background, followed by spectral analysis of the moving objects to determine their quantity. Application to the retinal vasculature is illustrated, showing the imaging, analyzing and quantifying the oxygen saturation of retinal blood, resolved for the different vascular compartments: capillaries, arterioles, venules, arteries, and veins. Changes in the structure of the vascular environment are also determined (whether growth of new vessels or the elimination of existing ones), by the generation of path maps based on analysis of differential images taken at a single wavelength of the moving components in the blood flow. U.S. Pat. No. 6,588,901 to Grinvald et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a system for directly imaging and analyzing the movement of individual erythrocytes in blood vessels, the system comprising imaging means for acquiring, within a predetermined time interval from each other, at least one pair of images of at least one same erythrocyte for producing at least two frames, each image representing an analog or digital image of the location of the erythrocyte in each of the frames at a predetermined time; image acquisition means for collecting and storing analog or digital images in machine-readable form, and a computer for controlling the operation of the imaging means and the image acquisition means, for processing the at least two frames, and for analyzing the movement of the erythrocyte in the blood vessels. A method for directly imaging and analyzing the movement of individual erythrocytes in blood vessels is also provided. U.S. Pat. No. 6,478,424 to Grinvald et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a system for imaging reflectance changes, intrinsic or extrinsic fluorescence changes of a retina due to retinal function, including an imaging illuminator for illumination of the retina; a retina-stimulating illuminator for inducing a functional response; an imaging device receiving light from the retina via retinal imaging optics; image acquisition means for digitizing and storing images received from the imaging device, and a computer for controlling the operation of the system and for processing the stored images to reveal a differential functional signal corresponding to the retina's function. The following patents and patent applications may be of interest: PCT Publication WO 06/121,984 to Nelson et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,426 to Grinvald PCT Publication Wo 04/049899 to Grinvald et al. PCT Publication WO 03/083434 to Grinvald et al. PCT Publication WO 99/063882 to Grinvald et al. PCT Publication Wo 00/006015 to Grinvald et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,351,663 to Flower et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,298 to Flower US Patent Application Publication 2002/0016533 to Marchitto et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,784,162 to Cabib et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,983,120 to Groner et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,902,935 to Kaufman US Patent Application Publication 2002/0111545 to Lindberg U.S. Pat. No. 6,104,939 to Groner The following articles may be of interest: “Retinal microvascular abnormalities and incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study,” by Wong, Lancet 2001: 358:1134-40 “Automatic Extraction and Measurement of Leukocyte Motion in Microvessels Using Spatiotemporal Image Analysis,” by Sato, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 44, No. 4, April 1997 “Visual stimulus induced changes in human near-infrared fundus reflectance,” by Abramoff, Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 February; 47(2): 715-721Ladovica Ladovica is a village in the municipality of Vlasotince, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 904 people. References Category:Populated places in Jablanica DistrictIn a wireless communications system such as AMPS, FM (frequency modulation) is used for communicating voice signals together with a supervisory audio tone (SAT) which is transmitted by a base station with a nominal frequency selected from three possible nominal frequencies of 5970, 6000, and 6030 Hz, and an FM deviation of .+-.2 kHz.+-.10%. SAT components of the signal transmitted by the base station are transponded by a mobile terminal back to the base station using a phase locked loop (PLL). The base station is required to detect the presence and loss of SAT within attack and release times, respectively, of 200 ms. The SAT is required to be present all the time for the voice channel, and voice calls can be interrupted if a valid SAT is not detected. Accordingly, reliable SAT detection is important for proper operation of the system. In practice, reliability of SAT detection can be of concern in situations where there is a low C/I (signal carrier to interference) ratio, for example under co-channel interference (CCI) conditions, and situations where the mobile terminal may not fully comply with specifications. For example, in fading and shadowing conditions, the PLL in the mobile terminal may not be able to track well, so that the transponded SAT can drift in frequency. In addition, the FM deviation of the transponded SAT frequency may be different from the specified .+-.2 kHz.+-.10%, also adversely affecting SAT detection by the base station. A digital PLL can be used to detect a sinusoidal signal, but is not well suited to SAT detection because it requires a relatively long capture time and does not work well in the fading channel environment of wireless communications systems. A matched filter or coherent detection technique can be used, but this only works well with SAT frequencies that are very accurate. The SAT detection performance of matched filters is seriously degraded for small frequency differences for example of 3 Hz, so that matched filters can not be used for detecting SAT from out-of-specification mobile terminals. Auto-correlation based SAT detectors have been used because they are not sensitive to SAT frequency variation, but they do not provide an optimal SAT detection. McPherson et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,698,769, issued Oct. 6, 1987 and entitled "Supervisory Audio Tone Detection In A Radio Channel", describes a base station SAT detector in which a DFT is applied to complex numbers derived by accumulation from samples of the received signal, and the powers at the SAT frequencies are compared with threshold levels to determine whether or not the respective SAT is present in the received signal. This patent describes the use of an 8-point DFT with an approximation used to simplify the calculations, but in practice a larger and more accurate DFT is required to provide a desired frequency resolution for SAT detection. Typically, a 32-point DFT may be desired. The resources required for computing a 32-point DFT are considerably greater than those required for computing an 8-point DFT. Block computation of a 32-point DFT in known manner also creates a high peak digital signal processing (DSP) load for computing the DFT periodically, with relatively low DSP loads at other times. In practice in a base station of a wireless communications system it is desirable to avoid such high peak DSP loads. Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide an improved method of and apparatus for DFT computation for tone detection, particularly for detecting SAT in a wireless communications system.This site is dedicated to the classic rock era; hard rock and heavy metal from the 70´s and the 80´s. Here you´ll find music, news, concerts, trivia, stories and much more. Check back for daily updates! Pages Music, videos, trivia, stories, books, gigs and news. Here you´ll find stuff on the great bands from the 70s and 80s! Monday, April 4, 2011 KISS To Enter The Studio Today (April 4th) Recently Eric Singer, as reported here, while on tour with ESPannouncedthat KISS will enter the studio in L.A. today April 4th to start the recording process of the "Sonic Boom" album follow up due to hit the shelves later this fall. Gene Simmons stated days ago that they have some 20/25 demos ready to be recorded and the Album will be much like in the way of "Sonic Boom": "Meat & Potatos rock'n'roll music." "Sonic Boom" was recorded at the Conway Studios in Hollywood, L.A. between May and August 2009.Los Angeles Angels Jerseys On Promotion Love doesnt fade next day. The feelings and emotions your boyfriend or girlfriend felt when you were in a relationship? Those are certainly still here. Maybe your ex buried a handful of them, for you to "get past" your liaison. But you know what? Utilizing emotional attachments your ex still feels toward your entire family. and by playing upon

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to sequence all exons in *JAG1*, which should identify approximately 85% of ALGS pathogenic variants. If CNV analysis is not carried out simultaneously with sequencing, second tier diagnostics involves large deletion/duplication analysis through either multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), chromosomal microarray (CMA), or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which should identify an additional 9% of pathogenic variants. Samples without an identified *JAG1* pathogenic variant would then undergo Sanger sequencing for *NOTCH2*, which should uncover an additional 2--3% of pathogenic variants. A notable finding from our study is the percentage (3.2%) of mutation negative individuals that we describe. These individuals have all met the standards for clinical classification of ALGS, but do not have a pathogenic variant in *JAG1* or *NOTCH2*. We hypothesize that these include patients with *JAG1* variants not previously identified by conventional testing (Sanger sequencing and MLPA), as well as a subset of patients that will be found to have a different diagnosis with overlapping features of Alagille syndrome. The best approach towards a molecular understanding of this population is to perform more comprehensive sequencing methodologies, including whole exome sequencing (ES), whole genome sequencing (GS), and/or RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Using ES, we have previously identified compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the gene *ATP8B1*, a gene involved in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type I (PFIC1) in a patient with overlapping features of ALGS and PFIC1 (Grochowski et al., [2015](#humu23879-bib-0026){ref-type="ref"}). Individuals with ABCB4 deficiency, which results in a variety of hepatic phenotypes including PFIC Type 3, have also been misdiagnosed as having ALGS (Schatz et al., [2018](#humu23879-bib-0069){ref-type="ref"}). Similarly, siblings with an initial diagnosis of ALGS were found to have a pathogenic variant in the *NEK8* gene, which is commonly mutated in renal‐hepatic‐pancreatic‐dysplasia 2 (RHPD2) and in nephronophthisis (NPHP9), and resulted in a reclassification of the disease to encompass a spectrum of disorders that involve *NEK8* pathogenic variants rather than ALGS (Rajagopalan et al., [2016](#humu23879-bib-0063){ref-type="ref"}). These studies suggest that full evaluation of our 13 mutation negative individuals, which has not yet been performed, may lead to disease reclassification. Given the obvious molecular etiology of ALGS as a disease of Notch signaling dysfunction, we anticipate that regulatory regions within *JAG1* or *NOTCH2*, or regions within those two genes that are missed by more traditional sequencing technologies, including ES, are the most likely candidates for novel molecular discovery. The advanced technology provided by GS is able to identify more complicated structural variants in *JAG1*, and indeed we describe here a partial gene deletion and an inversion detected by GS (Rajagopalan et al., in preparation). We are confident that a larger subset of mutation negative individuals with a clear clinical indication of ALGS will be definitively diagnosed as we screen this cohort. 8. CONCLUSIONS {#humu23879-sec-0210} ============== Overall, our decades‐long study on ALGS has allowed us to accumulate comprehensive information on the types and frequencies of mutations in ALGS. We report an additional 86 *JAG1* pathogenic variants and three *NOTCH2* pathogenic variants, bringing the total number of described variants to 694 and 19, respectively (Stenson et al., [2017](#humu23879-bib-0076){ref-type="ref"}). We find that 94.3% of individuals with clinically diagnosed ALGS have a pathogenic variant in the *JAG1* gene, 2.5% have a pathogenic variant in the *NOTCH2* gene, and 3.2% are molecularly uncharacterized. We caution other researchers and clinicians on the functional relevance of missense variants, both in *JAG1* and particularly in *NOTCH2*, where they predominate. Finally, we suggest that NGS strategies may best interrogate the small population of molecularly undiagnosed patients, and that these approaches should prioritize screening of *JAG1*, *NOTCH2*, and of other Notch signaling genes and regulatory regions. Supporting information ====================== ###### Supporting information ###### Click here for additional data file. The authors thank all of the patients and families who participated in this study. The authors also thank the Fred and Suzanne Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center for their continued support. This work was supported in part by R01‐DK081702‐05 (N.B.S.) and R01‐DK53104 (N.B.S.), as well as the Fred and Suzanne Biesecker Pediatric Liver Center at the Children\'s Hospital of Philadelphia. [Antitumor effect of a tumor-cell neuraminidase vaccine]. The effect of neuraminidase vaccine of CBA mouse sarcoma cells caused by simian adenovirus SA7 (C8) on growth parameters of transplanted sarcoma in a syngeneic system was studied. Inoculation of the vaccine was found to inhibit tumor growth. This effect was more marked in a group of animals given tumor cells after preliminary vaccination. There was no correlation between tumor growth parameters and cytotoxic activity of spleen cells assesses in the cytotoxicity test by 51Cr release in the groups of vaccinated and control animals. It is concluded that the treatment of tumor cells with neuraminidase increases their immunogenicity. The cytotoxic activity of spleen cells in vaccinated animals appears earlier and persists longer.NEW YORK, May 23 (Reuters) - Wegelin & Co, the oldest Swiss private bank, is digging in its heels against a U.S. criminal charge that it conspired to help wealthy Americans evade taxes. At a hearing in U.S. District Court in Manhattan on Wednesday, a federal prosecutor said Swiss police on May 2 had hand delivered a court summons and a copy of the indictment to Wegelin executive Konrad Hummler. The bank is now seeking to contest the summons in Swiss courts, prosecutor Daniel Levy said. The indictment of Wegelin, which was founded in 1741, was the first in which the United States accused a foreign bank, rather than individuals, of helping Americans commit tax fraud. Wegelin was accused of helping clients hide more than $1.2 billion in offshore bank accounts. The case is part of a U.S. crackdown on alleged tax fraud, including efforts to pierce the tradition of Swiss bank secrecy. Wegelin was not in court on Wednesday, nor did it appear at the first hearing in the case in February. A spokeswoman for Wegelin could not immediately be reached for comment. At Wednesday's hearing, Judge Jed Rakoff conceded that it is "rather hard to arrest a corporation" but asked why U.S. prosecutors had not sought a warrant to arrest individual Wegelin partners. There is "some reason to believe the Swiss authorities would not execute the warrant," Levy responded, but said he would continue to consider that as a possible option. No Wegelin partner has been charged, Levy said. The case is U.S. v. Wegelin & Co et al, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, No. 12-cr-00002. (Reporting By Basil Katz; Editing by Phil Berlowitz)Q: Can I install Factions/Anti-Griefing tools on a Technic Pack server? I want to add Factions, or any other sort of anti-griefing plugin, to the server I am hosting, but the .jar provided is only a vanilla server for the 1.7.1.0 Pack. Is it possible to add Bukkit (Factions, or anti-griefing countermeasures) to the server without messing with the rest of the modpack? If so, how would I do that? A: Check out Forge Essentails 1.7.10 It has a few querks and some of the modules don't really work but it is a server only mod which you can use to prevent most griefing. --- author: - 'Michał Ziobro[^1]' - 'Marcin Pilipczuk[^2]' bibliography: - 'A.bib' title: 'Finding Hamiltonian Cycle in Graphs of Bounded Treewidth: Experimental Evaluation[^3]' --- #### Acknowledgements. This work is a full version of an extended abstract that appeared at SEA 2018 [@ZiobroP18]. We are very grateful to an anynomous reviewer at ACM JEA whose remarks greatly helped us improving the manuscript. We also thank Michael Haythorpe for assistance in preparing the breakdown of tests into categories in Section \[ss:breakdown\]. [^1]: Theoretical Computer Science Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. `[email protected]` [^2]: Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Poland. `[email protected]` [^3]: Supported by the “Recent trends in kernelization: theory and experimental evaluation” project, carried out within the Homing programme of the Foundation for Polish Science co-

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systems. Introduction ============ In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded 12 states, under the Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance (ESOOS) program, to utilize state Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance (SyS) data systems to increase timeliness of state data on drug overdoses. A key aspect of the ESOOS program is the development and validation of case definitions for drug overdoses for EMS and ED SyS data systems. Kentucky's ESOOS team conducted a pilot validation study of a candidate EMS case definition for HOD, using data from the Kentucky State Ambulance Reporting System (KStARS). We examined internal, face validity of the EMS HOD case definition by reviewing pertinent information captured in KStARS data elements; and we examined external agreement with HOD cases identified Kentucky's statewide hospital billing database. Methods ======= From KStARS, we extracted EMS emergent transports by any ambulance service to hospitals in a single, large health care system in Kentucky. We included responses with dispatch dates between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2017. From Kentucky's statewide hospital claims data system, we extracted inpatient discharges, ED visits and observational stays at the destination hospitals, with admit dates in the same range. We classified EMS cases as HOD based on specific combinations of the following criteria for EMS data elements: primary or secondary provider impression of heroin poisoning (T40.1X4), heroin-related keywords in the patient care narrative or chief complaint, and patient's response to naloxone as indicated in the medications list^1^. We used standard drug overdose case definitions for ICD-10-CM-coded hospital billing data^2^ to classify hospital records from the destination facilities to the same categories. We produced descriptive analyses of the heroin overdose cases detected in both data sources, EMS and hospital. To assess the degree of overlap in the HOD cases identified by the two data systems, we matched the identified EMS HOD cases against the entire set of UKHC hospital cases. Finally, we assessed the validity of the classification of EMS cases as heroin overdoses by reviewing the EMS patient care narratives and related EMS data elements, as well as the ICD-10-CM hospital diagnostic codes for cases that matched to a hospital record. Results ======= We identified 5,517 emergent EMS transports to the destination hospitals in the first quarter of 2017. Of these, 94 (17/1,000) were identified by our case definition as a HOD. We identified 29,631 unduplicated, emergent encounters at the destination hospitals (including inpatient discharges, ED visits, and observational stays; and excluding elective and newborn encounters). Of these, 105 (3.5/1,000) included a diagnostic code for HOD. Linkage of EMS and hospital cases indicated that 141 unique HOD cases were identified in the two files combined. Of these, 58 (41%) were identified as HOD in both systems. 23 HOD cases identified in EMS were matched to a hospital record that had no mention of a HOD; and 13 could not be matched to a hospital record. Additionally, 47 HOD cases identified in the destination hospitals were not matched to an EMS transport to those destination facilities. Overall, 76 out of the 94 (81%) EMS cases identified as heroin overdoses were judged likely to be true heroin overdoses, as indicated by either 1) positive response to naloxone [and]{.ul}patient admission of recent heroin use, or 2) hospital diagnosis of heroin overdose, or both. For 2% of identified cases, there was evidence of a false positive finding. The remaining 17% of identified heroin cases were inconclusive: there was information suggestive of [opioid]{.ul}overdose, but no clear evidence to suggest, nor to rule out, that the opioid was heroin. Generally, inconclusive cases were identified as heroin overdoses due to positive response to naloxone, combined with mention of the word "heroin" in the narrative that did not indicate an HOD. Examples of the latter include negations (patient denies heroin use) or a bystander who stated that the patient had a history of heroin use. Conclusions =========== We assessed the performance of a straightforward case definition for heroin overdose for EMS data. Face validity of 81% of identified heroin overdoses was supported by clerical review of EMS records and/or hospital ICD-10-CM diagnostic codes. Some proportion of the other 19% of cases that were identified as heroin overdoses may have been overdoses involving opioids other than heroin, but we could not quantify that proportion based on the available information. Future work will consider sensitivity (true heroin overdoses that may fail to be captured by this case definition) and refinements to the basic definition that may yield improved results. Lessons learned from this pilot project will inform subsequent, larger-scale validation studies for EMS drug overdose case definitions. We acknowledge and thank the following agencies for their support of this work: the Kentucky Department for Public Health, Kentucky Board of Emergency Medical Services, and Kentucky Office of Health Policy. Innovative therapies: photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic diagnosis could be a useful tool for improving the diagnostic yield of tumor biopsy, especially for mesothelioma tumors that are sclerotic and particularly hypocellular. For PDD, the use of low doses of a sensitizing drug, such as 5-ALA, must be investigated further. The initial results of 5-ALA-mediated PDD are promising. The role, if any, for PDT in the treatment of mesothelioma has yet to be established. The number of centers exploring this technology is limited because the procedure is labor intensive and requires not only specialized equipment but also physician support. The number of patients treated in the different trials is small, and no definitive conclusions can be drawn. Further complicating the interpretation of published results is the number of variables (i.e., type of sensitizer, light dose, drug dose, drug light interval, methods of light measurement, technique of light delivery, surgical debulking techniques), which differ between studies. Most reports are phase I and II studies. The final outcome of these studies with respect to survival is of limited value. The only phase III study, which was performed with an earlier generation photosensitizer, reported no advantage to the use of PDT in combination with surgery and immunochemotherapy. To date, the most that can be said is that intraoperative PDT can be performed safely in experienced centers and that there are some encouraging results, especially in patients with stages I and II MPM, particularly with the newer generation photosensitizers. One attractive aspect of this adjuvant treatment is that PDT, as opposed to some of the other adjuvant treatments combined with surgery, may offer the option of effecting adequate tumor debulking with a pulmonary-sparing procedure.use clap::{App, SubCommand}; use crate::cmd::arg::{ArgDownloadLimit, ArgOwner, ArgUrl, CmdArg}; /// The params command definition. pub struct CmdParams; impl CmdParams { pub fn build<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> { // Create a list of parameter arguments, of which one is required let param_args = [ArgDownloadLimit::name()]; SubCommand::with_name("parameters") .about("Change parameters of a shared file") .visible_alias("params") .alias("param") .alias("parameter") .arg(ArgUrl::build()) .arg(ArgOwner::build()) .arg(ArgDownloadLimit::build().required_unless_one(&param_args)) } } Officials formally charged a Pennsylvania police officer Tuesday in the fatal shooting of 44-year-old Joseph “Joey” Santos, saying that his actions during a traffic encounter last month were “not justified.” The shooting happened July 28 along a busy highway near Dorney Park in South Whitehall Township. The officer, Jonathan R. Roselle, responded to reports of a Latino man — later identified as Santos — interfering with traffic. He located Santos, who, according to video captured by bystanders, went on to hit and jump on the officer’s car. Santos failed to comply with the officer’s repeated demands, according to police, and Roselle fired his weapon five times. Bystander videos of the shooting shortly emerged on social media afterward, prompting community officials to question the officer’s use of deadly force. The police shooting case also caught the attention of the local chapter of the NAACP, who called for the officer’s firing in a statement following the shooting. Lehigh County District Attorney Jim Martin told reporters in a news conference Tuesday that “in this case, there is no evidence that Mr. Santos was armed with any weapon and no evidence that he had committed or attempted a forcible felony.” Officer Roselle, 33, who was on patrol by himself for fewer than five months, “killed under an unreasonable, mistaken belief that he was justified” in fatally shooting Santos, Martin added. Officials said Roselle remains on administrative leave, while the investigation into the shooting continues. Here’s what we know about what happened, what police and the community have said about the incident, and what’s next. What happened? Roselle was initially monitoring traffic when a woman came to him about a man who had approached and tried to enter her vehicle, police said. There was at least one other driver who told the officer that a Latino man was jumping on cars and interfering with traffic. When Roselle encountered Santos, the officer found him

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as a stand-alone tool called *lpopt* [@lopstr:BichlerMW16], but has recently also been integrated into ASP solving systems like *I-DLV* [@ia:CalimeriFPZ17]. Application: QBF Solving {#sec:qbf} ======================== In this section, we illustrate the power of ELPs by illustrating a way to solve QBF formulas with at most three quantifier alternations (3-QBF) by encoding them as ELPs. This provides an alternative way to show the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma_{\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{3}}}}$ lower bound for ELP consistency, but relies on the existence of a reduction from so-called *restricted 3-QBF formulas*. [@ai:ShenE16] present such a reduction from restricted 3-QBF formulas to ELP world view existence. Our aim is to generalize this by presenting a reduction from (general) 3-QBF formulas to restricted 3-QBF formulas. We will use this result to benchmark our ELP solver presented in Section \[sec:system\]. Let us begin by first recalling the definition of such 3-QBF formulas. \[def:qbf\] A *3,$\exists$-QBF in CNF form* (or *QBF*, for short) is a formula of the form $$\exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\phi$$ where ${{{\mathbf{X}}}}$, ${{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$, and ${{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$ are sets (or sequences) of distinct (propositional) atoms (also called variables), and $\phi = \bigwedge_{i=1}^k C_i$ is a CNF over the atoms ${{{\mathbf{X}}}}\cup {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\cup {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$, i.e. $C_i = \bigvee_{j=0}^{k_i} L_{i,j}$ is a clause of size $k_i$ and $L_{i,j}$ is either an atom $a$ or its negation $\neg a$. W.l.o.g. we can assume that the clause size $k_i = 3$ for each $0 < i \leq k$, that is, that $\phi$ is given in 3-CNF form, where each clause has at most three elements. In [@ai:ShenE16], the authors make use of a version of QBFs called *restricted QBFs*. These are QBFs that evaluate to true under all interpretations of the existentially quantified variables if all universally quantified variables are replaced by $\top$ (i.e. if they are set to true). A *restricted QBF* is a QBF where $\phi[y/\top \mid y \in {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}]$ is a tautology. The hardness proof of Theorem 5 of [@ai:ShenE16] is a reduction from the validity problem of restricted QBFs to the consistency problem of epistemic logic programs. While the actual construction of the reduction is not needed for our purposes in this section, we nevertheless report it here, for completeness sake. [@ai:ShenE16 Proof of Theorem 5] \[prop:sheneiter\] Let $\Theta=\exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\phi$ be a restricted QBF. Then, there exists an ELP $\Pi$ such that $\Pi$ has a candidate world view iff $\Theta$ is satisfiable. The ELP $\Pi$ consists of the following rules: [2]{} - For each variable ${{\mathit{X}}}\in {{{\mathbf{X}}}}$: $${{\mathit{X}}}\gets {\mathbf{not}\,}\overline{{{\mathit{X}}}},$$ $$\overline{{{\mathit{X}}}} \gets {\mathbf{not}\,}{{\mathit{X}}}.$$ - For each variable ${{\mathit{Y}}}\in {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$: $${{\mathit{Y}}}\gets \neg \overline{{{\mathit{Y}}}},$$ $$\overline{{{\mathit{Y}}}} \gets \neg {{\mathit{Y}}}.$$ - For each variable ${{\mathit{Z}}}\in {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$: $${{\mathit{Z}}}\vee \overline{{{\mathit{Z}}}}.$$ - For each clause $C_i$, $0 < i \leq k$: $$U \gets L_{i,1}^*, L_{i,2}^*, L_{i,3}^*,$$ where $^*$ is an operator that converts a positive literal ${{\mathit{W}}}$ into $\overline{{{\mathit{W}}}}$, and a negative literal $\neg {{\mathit{W}}}$ into ${{\mathit{W}}}$. - For each ${{\mathit{Z}}}\in {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$: $${{\mathit{Z}}}\gets U,$$ $$\overline{{{\mathit{Z}}}} \gets U.$$ - And, finally, the rule $$V \gets {\mathbf{not}\,}V, {\mathbf{not}\,}\neg U.$$ ELP $\Pi$ has a (candidate) world view iff $\exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\, \phi$ is satisfiable [@ai:ShenE16]. We now show a more general reduction that also works for the non-restricted case. To this end, we will combine the [@ai:ShenE16] reduction with our own reduction of QBF formulas to restricted QBF formulas. To achieve our goal, we are going to introduce one new atom $v_i$ in each clause $C_i$ and $\forall$-quantify these new atoms together with the ${{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$ atoms. Given a QBF $\Theta = \exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\phi$ with $\phi$ being constructed as in Definition \[def:qbf\], let its *extension*, denoted $\Theta^\uparrow$, be the QBF $$\Theta^\uparrow = \exists {{{\mathbf{X}}}}\forall ({{{\mathbf{Y}}}}\cup {{\mathbf{V}}}) \exists {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}\phi'$$ where $$\phi' = \bigwedge_{i=1}^k \left( v_i \lor \bigvee_{j=0}^{k_i}{L_{i,j}} \right)$$ and ${{\mathbf{V}}} = \{v_1, \ldots, v_k\}$ is a list of fresh atoms. It is easy to see that any extension $\Theta^\uparrow$ of a QBF $\Theta$ is a restricted QBF. Let $\Theta$ be a QBF. Its extension $\Theta^\uparrow$ is a restricted QBF. We will now show that validity-equivalence between a QBF and its extension is preserved. For the proof, we establish the following terminology: given a subset of atoms $\sigma \subseteq {{\mathbf{S}}}$, we define its *out-set* $\overline{\sigma} = \{\neg a \mid a \in {{\mathbf{S}}} \setminus \sigma\}$ and its *literal-set* $\widehat{\sigma} = \sigma \cup \overline{\sigma}$. \[prop:validityequivalence\] $\Theta$ and $\Theta^\uparrow$ are validity-equivalent. ($\Rightarrow$) Assume $\Theta$ is valid, i.e. there exists an interpretation $\sigma_X \subseteq {{{\mathbf{X}}}}$, such that for any interpretation $\sigma_Y \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$ there exists an interpretation $\sigma_Z \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$ such that $(\widehat{\sigma_X} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Y} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Z}) \cap C_i \neq \emptyset$ for all $i \in \{1, \ldots, k\}$. By monotonicity of non-emptiness of set intersections, also $(\widehat{\sigma_X} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Y} \cup \widehat{\sigma_V} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Z}) \cap (C_i \cup \{v_i\})\neq \emptyset$ for any interpretation $\sigma_V \subseteq {{\mathbf{V}}}$ of a list of new atoms ${{\mathbf{V}}} = \{ v_1, \ldots, v_k \}$. But this is proof of the validity of $\Theta^\uparrow$. ($\Leftarrow$) For the other direction, assume $\Theta^\uparrow$ is valid, i.e. there exists an interpretation $\sigma_X \subseteq {{{\mathbf{X}}}}$ such that for any interpretations $\sigma_Y \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$ and $\sigma_V \subseteq {{\mathbf{V}}}$ there exists an interpretation $\sigma_Z \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$ such that $(\widehat{\sigma_X} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Y} \cup \widehat{\sigma_V} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Z}) \cap (C_i \cup \{v_i\}) \neq \emptyset$ for all $i \in \{1, \ldots, k\}$. By setting $\sigma_V = \emptyset$, we especially get that there exists an interpretation $\sigma_X \subseteq {{{\mathbf{X}}}}$ such that for any interpretation $\sigma_Y \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Y}}}}$ there exists an interpretation $\sigma_Z \subseteq {{{\mathbf{Z}}}}$ such that $(\widehat{\sigma_X} \cup \widehat{\sigma_Y} \

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org](http://www.jacionline.org){#intref0075}). This indicates that differences in data collection did not lead to systematic differences in effect estimates. Preterm birth, low birth weight, and childhood asthma outcomes {#sec2.3} -------------------------------------------------------------- Results from the 2-stage meta-analysis focused on the associations of preterm birth and low birth weight with childhood asthma outcomes are shown in [Fig 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}. Compared with term-born children, preterm-born children had an increased risk of preschool wheezing (pOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.43) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.67; [Fig 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}, *A* and *B*). These associations were independent of birth weight. The population-attributable risk of preterm birth was 1.96% for preschool wheezing and 2.14% for school-age asthma. Compared with children with a normal birth weight, those with a low birth weight (\<2500 g) had an increased risk of preschool wheezing (pOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21) and school-age asthma (pOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27; [Fig 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}, *C* and *D*). These associations were stronger without adjustment for gestational age at birth (results are shown in [Table E6](#appsec1){ref-type="sec"}). Discussion {#sec3} ========== Results from this large-scale meta-analysis of individual participants\' data suggested that younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were associated with increased risks of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma. The associations of low birth weight with childhood asthma outcomes were largely explained by gestational age at birth. The highest risk for childhood asthma outcomes was observed among children born before a gestational age of 32 weeks with high infant weight gain. Comparison with earlier studies {#sec3.1} ------------------------------- Adverse exposures in fetal and early postnatal life can lead to developmental lung adaptations, such as persistently smaller airways and impaired lung function. These developmental adaptations might predispose the patients to obstructive pulmonary diseases in childhood and adulthood.[@bib1; @bib2; @bib3] This hypothesis is supported by studies showing associations of low birth weight with an increased risk of wheezing and asthma in childhood.[@bib4; @bib5; @bib6; @bib7; @bib8; @bib9; @bib10; @bib11] Because low birth weight is correlated with gestational age at birth and infant weight gain, we aimed to disentangle the associations of both gestational age at birth, gestational age--adjusted birth weight, and infant weight gain with childhood asthma outcomes. Jaakkola et al[@bib16] performed a meta-analysis on the associations of preterm birth with asthma based on 19 published cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. They observed that preterm-born children, which were defined as those born before 37 weeks of gestation, had an increased risk of asthma between 1 and 24 years of age, with a similar effect estimate as observed in our group of 5- to 10-year-olds. They did not assess associations of birth weight with asthma outcomes. Also, Flaherman and Rutherford[@bib32] performed a meta-analysis on 12 previously published prospective and retrospective studies and suggested that children with a high weight at birth had an increased risk of asthma between 6 months and 31 years of age. They were not able to explore the role of confounders or the effect of gestational age at birth. No association of gestational age with childhood asthma was presented. Because these reports were based on published results, they might be biased and unable to take account of differences in adjustment. A recent analysis by Rzehak et al[@bib33] of 8 European cohort studies with 12,050 participants observed an increased incidence of asthma until the age of 6 years in children with a high gain of body mass index (BMI) in the first 2 years. In line with this study, we observed increased risk for wheezing and asthma in children with an increased infant weight gain. Combining childhood asthma outcomes from different age periods is not easy. Asthma is a difficult clinical diagnosis and cannot easily be diagnosed in children younger than 5 years. Many studies used asthma-related outcomes, such as wheezing and shortness of breath, as main outcomes in children. Wheezing seems to be the strongest risk factor for childhood asthma.[@bib34] Still, wheezing in different age periods might reflect different physiologic mechanisms.[@bib35] For example, wheezing in infants might reflect viral airway infections instead of asthma.[@bib35] Therefore we used both wheezing in preschool children and asthma diagnosis in school-age children as outcomes. We observed that both a younger gestational age at birth and higher infant weight gain were associated with an increased risk of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma. For both gestational age at birth and infant weight gain, we observed dose-response associations with childhood asthma outcomes. The associations were not restricted to the extremes of the distribution but present across the full range of gestational age at birth and infant weight gain. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first showing these associations within the normal ranges. Our results also suggest that the previously observed associations of low birth weight with childhood asthma were largely explained by gestational age at birth. We observed the highest risk of childhood asthma outcomes among children born before a gestational age of 32 weeks with high weight gain in infancy. Interpretation of main findings {#sec3.2} ------------------------------- Mechanisms underlying the associations of factors in early life with asthma outcomes in later childhood might include smaller airways and lungs.[@bib36] The highest rates of airway and alveolar development occur in early life, and growth and development of the airways and alveoli might continue until the age of 21 years.[@bib37; @bib38] Extremely premature-born children with respiratory distress syndrome or chronic lung disease commonly have impaired lung function in later life.[@bib39; @bib40] Follow-up studies in preterm children showed persistently lower lung volumes and reduced airway caliber in later life.[@bib40; @bib41; @bib42; @bib43; @bib44] However, these extremes do not explain our associations within the less extreme range of gestational age. Children born preterm also have higher chemokine and cytokine levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates at 1 year compared with term-born children, which suggests that preterm-born children are more responsive to proinflammatory stimuli.[@bib45] The observed associations of high infant weight gain with childhood asthma outcomes are in line with previous studies reporting associations of BMI or adiposity with asthma.[@bib33; @bib46; @bib47] These associations might be explained by immunologically active factors from adipose tissue, such as leptin.[@bib48] In mice leptin has been shown to enhance airway hyperresponsiveness, suggesting an immunomodulatory role.[@bib49] Results in human subjects are inconsistent.[@bib50; @bib51; @bib52] High infant weight gain might also have a direct mechanical effect on lung function.[@bib53] Further studies are needed to identify the developmental adaptations of the lungs and immune system that might explain the associations of preterm birth and infant weight gain with childhood asthma. Strengths and limitations {#sec3.3} ------------------------- We performed a large meta-analysis of individual participants\' data from many birth cohorts throughout Europe. We did not rely on published data, which limits any potential publication bias. The large number of participants enabled us to assess small effects and to adjust for various potential confounders. We presented results from random-effects models, which allow heterogeneity in the true effect estimates between different populations and take between-study variation into account. Another strength is that information on exposures in early life was collected from records and did not depend on long-term participant recall. Misclassification of gestational age is always possible because of the large number of pregnant women who did not know their exact gestational duration.[@bib54; @bib55] Misclassification of gestational age might have increased the number of children born postterm with a small size for gestational age and children born preterm with a large size for gestational age. Most cohorts used standardized and validated questionnaires to assess wheezing and asthma. This method is widely accepted in epidemiologic studies and reliably reflects the incidence of wheezing and asthma in children.[@bib22; @bib56] Multiple imputation has been suggested to be the preferable method to deal with missing values.[@bib57] However, we did not have additional data on patterns of missing values and were therefore unable to perform multiple imputations within cohorts. We used missing values in covariates as an additional group to prevent exclusion of noncomplete cases. No differences in results were observed between the missing as extra category and complete case analyses. In the current study we were not able to assess the effects of early growth characteristics on other objective asthma-related outcomes, such as lung function or bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Although we did take major potential confounders into account, residual confounding might still be an issue. For example, although cohorts comprised predominantly white children, we were unable to adjust for ethnicity. Also, we were unable to adjust for maternal BMI or chorioamnionitis, which might influence growth and inflammatory factors associated with childhood asthma.[@bib58; @bib59] We were not able to take BMI at the time of obtaining information on childhood asthma outcomes into account. Especially the associations of infant weight gain with childhood asthma outcomes might be explained by later adiposity. Childhood adiposity might be an intermediate in this association. Conclusions {#

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11921, 1108, 651, 1581, 247, 1805, 3761, 875, 941, 285, 253, 3210, 15, 3010, 26565, 14023, 3021, 14303, 21899, 8197, 273, 7202, 13483, 824, 347, 253, 372, 18696, 1514, 11921, 285, 247, 4067, 3410, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 342, 9630, 9879, 3510, 285, 13231, 48250, 15, 187, 187, 1231, 7525, 436, 2593, 342, 2067, 2792, 670, 253, 5301, 273, 7313, 342, 1566, 11411, 15, 3973, 13, 253, 3268, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 670, 3921, 1279, 4622, 4201, 1282, 943, 320, 6447, 13, 604, 253, 2491, 275, 3302, 2515, 310, 1355, 15, 831, 15641, 943, 320, 10870, 281, 253, 21899, 6332, 15, 496, 776, 1083, 13, 608, 562, 273, 721, 966, 309, 4973, 2965, 337, 1253, 19, 1202, 2592, 5, 2708, 253, 4201, 1282, 323, 19474, 25555, 2479, 18233, 3245, 1092, 11513, 10, 285, 253, 7612, 1209, 14, 21484, 313, 15624, 10, 25555, 3540, 15, 380, 941, 403, 8489, 625, 5185, 342, 776, 372, 18696, 1514, 13195, 3425, 285, 253, 14089, 8420, 313, 12430, 10, 4201, 1282, 323, 271, 25555, 2281, 273, 370, 740, 2497, 22, 94, 5062, 393, 1109, 353, 2253, 16351, 37192, 1109, 28542, 11444, 18, 3363, 329, 4067, 3410, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 943, 12129, 875, 3210, 15, 187, 187, 10951, 13, 352, 310, 1774, 281, 7277, 253, 3921, 31885, 4622, 4445, 273, 253, 3861, 493, 8739, 20545, 342, 253, 13650, 273, 1566, 11411, 15, 380, 2540, 966, 309, 13231, 48250, 403, 253, 3921, 13074, 4622, 20545, 285, 452, 417, 644, 15045, 323, 253, 7202, 2408, 273, 25555, 20545, 15, 496, 954, 273, 253, 330, 4490, 52, 2011, 275, 5317, 854, 13, 253, 25555, 20545, 310, 247, 1355, 6919, 1108, 884, 6, 281, 1884, 6, 1108, 273, 253, 13671, 20545, 17944, 275, 253, 4677, 313, 2887, 1008, 9432, 4739, 1092, 8878, 28, 1008, 72, 335, 4185, 2498, 1723, 13, 253, 25555, 20545, 310, 11467, 10870, 281, 253, 13671, 20545, 275, 253, 19106, 559, 8295, 4973, 285, 310, 669, 3549, 5, 2233, 2069, 253, 13671, 20545, 275, 401, 54, 28322, 2718, 751, 418, 1010, 3712, 20484, 22, 2479, 9432, 4739, 2194, 1008, 9432, 4196, 2498, 844, 1902, 247, 1355, 25555, 7680, 323, 966, 309, 4973, 342, 5748, 9408, 2074, 281, 954, 330, 4490, 52, 13, 3738, 253, 25555, 20545, 275, 418, 1047, 2511, 20484, 778, 320, 1781, 313, 2887, 671, 1008, 737, 4196, 67, 2498, 380, 14150, 275, 2667, 15, 854, 6492, 253, 16837, 275, 2412, 370, 53, 1126, 1109, 3098, 724, 323, 247, 669, 3005, 5, 2412, 370, 45, 5, 426, 24281, 17, 15, 18, 1818, 275, 253, 16049, 7480, 20545, 15, 831, 1818, 9727, 253, 941, 8003, 281, 1097, 253, 4201, 1282, 323, 19474, 25555, 285, 776, 372, 18696, 1514, 3425, 285, 18303, 253, 10183, 275, 10941, 3210, 342, 1655, 941, 15, 187, 187, 25110, 13, 3640, 273, 253, 372, 18696, 1514, 11921, 13, 285, 281, 247, 16277, 6070, 253, 27747, 11921, 13, 310, 671, 3309, 281, 7277, 7313, 342, 1566, 13650, 15, 380, 1599, 372, 18696, 1514, 11921, 323, 6114, 275, 247, 5787, 9005, 5239, 253, 4328, 273, 253, 4201, 1282, 275, 253, 10728, 10659, 28, 667, 4177, 14, 936, 14, 7873, 24493, 275, 253, 11921, 35818, 253, 4201, 1282, 28446, 275, 253, 10728, 10659, 15, 1916, 776, 3640, 13, 253, 372, 18696, 1514, 11921, 556, 417, 644, 4080, 275, 667, 638, 1253, 7265, 14, 21934, 4177, 15, 19863, 6341, 5224, 247, 2803, 273, 495, 1253, 22, 24493, 275, 253, 27747, 11921, 2190, 10151, 5787, 16173, 313, 70, 15, 72, 904, 1008, 5914, 4590, 2194, 1008, 14906, 3953, 2194, 1008, 69, 328, 4196, 3291, 326, 812, 320, 1955, 4588, 11921, 3910, 875, 6114, 313, 2887, 1008, 14906, 3953, 3291, 390, 3910, 275, 253, 1783, 7259, 313, 2887, 1008, 69, 328, 4196, 62, 285, 10414, 15308, 481, 16177, 569, 273, 5662, 1527, 9959, 778, 671, 5224, 10665, 4177, 14, 936, 14, 7873, 3910, 275, 253, 2281, 273, 27747, 21022, 2190, 6114, 342, 253, 1072, 2280, 313, 70, 15, 72, 904, 1008, 4011, 4148, 62, 285, 10414, 15308, 481, 15397, 35818, 275, 253, 372, 18696, 1514, 13195, 2281, 13, 1955, 4931, 281, 4177, 14, 936, 14, 7873, 10575, 275, 25555, 2281, 13, 2007, 5177, 684, 253, 5301, 273, 7313, 342, 1566, 11411, 15, 380, 3410, 273, 3861, 493, 1032, 310, 417, 4390, 1781, 2217, 281, 7664, 670, 11921, 10575, 13, 533, 253, 20418, 588, 2489, 625, 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1529, 313, 2125, 17984, 12, 1348, 1610, 10, 778, 452, 271, 353, 14, 881, 4275, 4177, 15, 1916, 253, 1682, 273, 776, 3640, 13, 544, 475, 20513, 403, 253, 806, 1698, 2280, 3861, 493, 1032, 342, 4080, 5748, 9879, 3510, 13663, 831, 3410, 310, 1512, 1355, 323, 247, 14282, 5301, 342, 253, 3268, 273, 9879, 3510, 2190, 625, 16323, 638, 1253, 7265, 14, 21934, 6114, 275, 253, 9005, 15, 844, 3877, 13, 2299, 13, 326, 253, 8876, 9879, 1511, 323, 411, 4490, 52, 285, 330, 4490, 52, 310, 611, 24, 14, 46, 17, 285, 326, 253, 4294, 273, 19106, 559, 8295, 4973, 310, 669, 3549, 5, 608, 6, 1253, 740, 6, 313, 17768, 2222, 481, 187, 187, 32963, 7313, 5224, 643, 22620, 875, 966, 309, 4973, 285, 5662, 638, 1253, 7265, 14, 21934, 6114, 275, 308, 32091, 14, 34, 321, 16405, 15, 3973, 13, 966, 309, 4973, 452, 253, 1072, 15276, 2822, 14, 3027, 9830, 347, 513, 330, 4490, 52, 15, 42809, 313, 12430, 10, 921, 326, 253, 2540, 2822, 14, 3027, 9830, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 476, 320, 23115, 347, 247, 330, 4490, 52, 13750, 407, 271, 2192, 11822, 17329, 342, 271, 5748, 21891, 13, 370, 34, 64, 55, 393, 9887, 5, 1884, 1253, 1549, 4231, 15, 831, 1783, 5644, 281, 253, 6452, 326, 253, 7742, 432, 253, 4177, 285, 6703, 1262, 273, 247, 966, 309, 2603, 310, 2074, 281, 326, 273, 247, 308, 308, 4411, 74, 4177, 313, 2887, 671, 1008, 737, 4196, 67, 2194, 2263, 14763, 8210, 3986, 247, 1027, 6452, 481, 6347, 13, 253, 16049, 7480, 20545, 10670, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 13, 330, 4490, 52, 13, 285, 411, 4490, 52, 403, 40184, 313, 17768, 2222, 481, 1876, 1264, 2390, 273, 638, 1253, 7265, 14, 21934, 6114, 452, 8876, 13231, 48250, 273, 370, 45, 1126, 1109, 270, 94, 187, 61, 9887, 5, 470, 15, 22, 1253, 17, 15, 25, 964, 831, 12439, 906, 310, 4516, 407, 253, 6887, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 275, 253, 10728, 10659, 15, 3824, 941, 921, 326, 966, 309, 4973, 452, 13231, 48250, 285, 3576, 9208, 1077, 2074, 281, 1110, 273, 330, 4490, 52, 285, 411, 4490, 52, 275, 253, 9005, 15, 2053, 11815, 403, 10084, 13, 984, 247, 966, 309, 2603, 943, 452, 247, 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403, 625, 2779, 281, 4446, 29335, 84, 685, 330, 4490, 52, 390, 411, 4490, 52, 313, 2887, 671, 1008, 4006, 4196, 2194, 1008, 20014, 4529, 1092, 9354, 481, 380, 6425, 34414, 273, 253, 25415, 3104, 403, 671, 4067, 275, 966, 309, 4973, 685, 275, 330, 4490, 52, 390, 411, 4490, 52, 15, 4129, 690, 1781, 6425, 34414, 778, 320, 1955, 281, 1077, 5075, 5748, 1558, 5738, 13, 253, 905, 52, 575, 2267, 696, 6425, 34414, 275, 34765, 2405, 20484, 19, 1108, 247, 966, 309, 2603, 342, 247, 11906, 38867, 11058, 3961, 1108, 403, 4067, 685, 2540, 275, 3921, 1279, 4622, 330, 4490, 52, 275, 776, 3410, 313, 2887, 30136, 337, 1253, 19, 481, 1605, 8390, 5748, 9408, 273, 776, 3410, 285, 643, 966, 309, 4973, 651, 19148, 436, 1127, 15, 187, 187, 6067, 3410, 310, 417, 1781, 2217, 281, 1071, 1880, 966, 309, 4973, 671, 452, 625, 11906, 3921, 468, 3004, 4622, 8295, 3104, 685, 330, 4490, 52, 15, 380, 8876, 388, 1202, 1637, 5, 6425, 4871, 323, 966, 309, 4973, 13, 669, 3549, 5, 5091, 17732, 13, 310, 1199, 4067, 685, 253, 8876, 6425, 4871, 323, 330, 4490, 52, 13, 669, 3549, 5, 1884, 1253, 1449, 17732, 15, 831, 3064, 310, 11467, 752, 359, 1902, 604, 966, 309, 4973, 452, 4067, 19106, 1670, 4837, 685, 330, 4490, 52, 2479, 16559, 4196, 2194, 1008, 24204, 4148, 3291, 285, 604, 253, 388, 1202, 1637, 5, 6425, 4871, 27972, 342, 1670, 4837, 2479, 9432, 2222, 62, 285, 10414, 15308, 481, 1723, 13, 253, 4294, 273, 754, 575, 42, 669, 2260, 61, 2260, 5, 22, 35432, 13, 721, 25025, 8295, 2190, 966, 309, 4973, 310, 11467, 10870, 281, 326, 2190, 330, 4490, 52, 15, 844, 2557, 247, 754, 575, 42, 8295, 4294, 273, 2456, 6, 2190, 721, 966, 309, 4973, 342, 5272, 2625, 14, 936, 14, 24946, 387, 721, 933, 17732, 13, 8988, 6, 2190, 1638, 6507, 14, 39862, 4973, 13, 285, 7251, 6, 2190, 7904, 966, 3719, 4973, 15, 1198, 1097, 8295, 3104, 13, 253, 966, 309, 3410, 310, 3164, 23539, 1411, 1355, 6425, 34414, 13, 984, 966, 309, 4973, 1293, 8295, 3104, 403, 3164, 46947, 350, 685, 4973, 342, 8295, 3104, 15, 329, 12861, 6630, 342, 247, 4067, 29528, 812, 46112, 253, 3410, 273, 966, 309, 4973, 342, 1029, 3290, 5748, 9408, 15, 2053, 941, 651, 2085, 247, 1175, 1071, 323, 3910, 275, 253, 3268, 273, 388, 1202, 1637, 5, 6425, 34414, 875, 966, 309, 4973, 285, 330, 4490, 52, 15 ]

[@har97]). Our deuterium burning sequence shifts by $\delta$ log $L \approx$ $-$0.13 for a factor of two reduction in $\rm X_D$. Our birthline then roughly coincides with that of Hartmann (1997) for $\rm X_D = 1.75 \times 10^{-5}$. With only six class I sources in our HR diagram, it is difficult for the data to favor convincingly any theoretical calculation. The 2$\sigma$ error bars are consistent with all of the tracks, even without considering uncertainties in the model input parameters. The data lie closer to the disc-accretion birthline of Hartmann (1997) and our deuterium burning sequence than either the birthline for spherical accretion or the accretion track of Mercer-Smith (1984). In all cases, changing model input parameters – such as the deuterium abundance – would allow a better match between data and the models. More rigorous comparisons thus await observational estimates of unknown quantities such as the deuterium abundance and a larger sample of class I sources with reliable spectral types and luminosities. We conclude this section with several points about the comparison of observations with model tracks. First, the distribution of class I sources about [*any*]{} birthline should be uniform, if the range in initial conditions is small. This dispersion should be comparable to the observational errors. In our case, 5 out of 6 class I sources fall 1–2$\sigma$ below the birthline for spherical accretion ([@sta83], 1988) and the Mercer-Smith (1984) accretion track. The data are somewhat more consistent with our deuterium burning sequence and the Hartmann (1997) birthline for an accretion rate of $10^{-5} ~ \rm M_\odot\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$. A larger sample of class I sources should distinguish between models. Second, it is important to compare the [*stellar*]{} component of the protostellar luminosity with the predictions of model tracks. The observed class I luminosities are the [*total*]{} luminosity and have not been corrected for the unknown amount of accretion luminosity. In most of the CTTS shown in Figure 8, the accretion luminosity is a small fraction – 10% to 30% – of the stellar luminosity plotted in the figure (see [@har91], 1995; [@gul98]). However, the accretion luminosity is roughly comparable to the stellar luminosity in the continuum + emission sources and is $\sim$ 100 times the stellar luminosity in FU Ori systems like L1551 IRS5 ([@har91]; [@har96]). We expect a small accretion contribution for class I sources with optical spectra similar to most CTTS, although the accretion luminosity in L1489 IRS may be large (see also [@gr96b]). The arrow in Fig. 8 indicates the displacement in log $T_{\rm eff}$ for a $\delta$ log $L$ = $-$0.1 change in the bolometric luminosity. This change moves the data closer to both the birthline for spherical accretion and our deuterium sequence and illustrates the difficulty in comparing models with current data. Third, knowledge of the deuterium abundance, and to a lesser extent the lithium abundance, is also necessary to compare observations with model predictions. The mean deuterium abundance for stars in a molecular cloud sets the location of the birthline in the HR diagram; any star-to-star scatter in the abundance spreads the birthline vertically in the HR diagram. To our knowledge, the deuterium abundance has not been measured in any pre–main-sequence star. Recent measurements indicate a factor of 3–5 scatter in the lithium abundance among nearby molecular clouds (e.g., [@kin93]; [@lee94]; [@dun96]) that could be due actual abundance differences between stars (see [@lee94]) or differences in the analysis procedures (see [@dun96] and references therein). Observations of older open clusters may also indicate considerable star-to-star differences in the rate of lithium depletion among stars with the same mass (e.g., [@ran97] and references therein). Similar spreads in the deuterium burning rate, due perhaps to star-to-star variations in accretion rate, further complicates the comparison of observations with model tracks. The sample of protostars is not currently large enough to worry about abundance variations, but the uncertainties will become more important as sample sizes increase. DISCUSSION and SUMMARY ====================== In the previous sections, we have described the first optical spectroscopic survey of class I, embedded sources in a single molecular cloud. We supplemented these data with high quality optical spectra of a representative sample of older and optically brighter T Tauri stars. The combined set of spectra show that the optical spectra of class I sources qualitatively resemble the optical spectra of T Tauri stars. Our analysis further reveals common physical properties and substantial differences between class I sources and T Tauri stars, as summarized below. Our data provide the first indication that the distribution of stellar spectral types among class I sources may not be very different from that of WTTS and CTTS. Of the five class I sources with strong optical continua, one (L1489 IRS) is a continuum + emission source, three are M-type stars, and another (04264+2433) may have an M-type central star. To the best of our knowledge, [ *these are the first low mass protostars with measured optical spectral types.*]{} This sample is too small for a meaningful comparison with the distribution of spectral types among more evolved pre–main-sequence stars in the cloud. We note, however, that the median spectral type for WTTS and CTTS is K7-M0 and that the frequency of continuum + emission sources is $\sim$ 5%–10% (KH95). Published observations indicate other similarities between class I sources and older pre–main-sequence stars in Taurus-Auriga. First, class I sources have the same intrinsic near-IR colors as do CTTS. Whitney (1997) show that the observed near-IR colors of class I sources can be modeled as a CTTS surrounded by an infalling envelope with an optical extinction, $A_V \approx$ 30–60 mag. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the radiation from the star and inner disc of a class I source is similar to that of a T Tauri star (see also [@gr96b]; Calvet 1997 reach a different conclusion). Second, the bolometric luminosity distributions of class I sources, CTTS, and WTTS are indistinguishable (KH95). All three groups of pre–main-sequence stars have median luminosities of $L_{\rm b} \approx$ 0.5–0.8 . This unexpected result is supported by the positions of class I sources in the HR diagram. Our data show that class I sources have luminosities and effective temperatures very similar to those of CTTS and WTTS in the cloud. These conclusions are surprising, because a class I source should have a larger luminosity once it has accreted nearly all of its final mass, and this luminosity should decline with time as the star approaches the main sequence (see, for example, [@sta83], 1988; [@pal93]; [@har97]; Fig. 8). The current sample, however, is too small to test stellar models in detail. The errors in luminosity and effective temperature are also too large. Observations with the next generation of ground-based telescopes will undoubtedly expand the sample, reduce the errors, and provide better tests of protostellar accretion theory. One feature that distinguishes class I sources is their strong forbidden-line emission. As a group, class I sources are much more likely to have forbidden-line emission than CTTS or WTTS (Fig. 7). This result confirms previous conclusions from imaging data (e.g., [@gom97]) and indicates that class I sources are more likely to drive outflows than CTTS or WTTS (see also [@bon96]; [@mor92], 1994). The equivalent widths of the forbidden lines are also larger in class I sources than in CTTS or WTTS. Although some large equivalent widths may be due to very weak optical continua, the \[S II\] equivalent widths in HH31 IRS2 – a class I source with a prominent TiO absorption band – are larger than observed in [*any*]{} CTTS in our sample (see Tables 1–2). Deeper optical spectra of our sample and other class I sources would clarify this point. Our sample is not large enough to test whether class I sources also have more prominent [*permitted*]{} emission lines than CTTS. The median H$\alpha$ equivalent width for class I sources, $\sim$ 90 Å, is much larger than the median equivalent width for CTTS, $\sim$ 30–40 Å. This difference is roughly what we expect if class I sources have larger continuum veiling than CTTS ([@cas96]; [@gre97]) and if the H$\alpha$ equivalent width correlates with veiling ([@har95] and references therein). However, the frequency of He I $\lambda\lambda$5876, 6678 emission among class I sources is roughly comparable to that among CTTS. We measure a He I emission frequency of 50% among 6 class I sources with reasonable signal-to-noise at 6000 Å, 57% among 14 flat-spectrum sources, and 65% among 46 class II sources. For both emission lines, the class I sample is probably biased against small equivalent widths, because class I sources without emission lines are probably fainter than sources with emission lines. A deeper survey with a larger telescope could enlarge the sample of class I sources with high quality optical spectra. These data would provide a good test for differences in the distribution of H$\alpha$ equivalent widths between class I sources and CTTS.

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ButtonItem.image.class.should == UIImage @screen.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem.image.should == image end it "should display some sections" do @screen.promotion_table_data.sections.should.be.kind_of(Array) end it "should have proper cell numbers" do @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:0).should == 7 @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:1).should == 2 @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:2).should == 4 @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:3).should == 3 end it "should return a UITableViewCell" do index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(1, inSection: 1) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath: index_path).should.be.kind_of UITableViewCell end it "should have a placeholder image in the last cell" do index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(1, inSection: 1) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath: index_path).imageView.should.be.kind_of UIImageView end it "should display all images properly no matter how they were initialized" do @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:2).times do |i| index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(i, inSection:2) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath: index_path).imageView.should.be.kind_of UIImageView # Test the corner radius on the first cell. if i == 0 @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath: index_path).imageView.layer.cornerRadius.to_f.should == 10.0 end end end it "sets the auto row height and estimated row height properly" do @screen.view.rowHeight.should == UITableViewAutomaticDimension if TestHelper.gte_ios8 @screen.view.rowHeight.should == 97 unless TestHelper.gte_ios8 @screen.view.estimatedRowHeight.should == 97 end it "sets the fixed row height properly" do screen = UpdateTestTableScreen.new screen.view.rowHeight.should == 77 screen.view.estimatedRowHeight.should == 77 end end describe 'test PM::TableScreen\'s method call order' do before do class MethodCallOrderTestTableScreen < PM::TableScreen def table_data; @table_data ||= []; end def on_load @table_data = [{cells: [ title: 'cell 1' ]}] update_table_data end end end it 'should not raise error at load view' do proc { @screen = MethodCallOrderTestTableScreen.new }.should.not.raise(NoMethodError) end end describe "test PM::TableScreen's updating functionality" do it 'should update the table data when update_table_data is called' do @screen = UpdateTestTableScreen.new @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:0).should == 0 @screen.make_more_cells # We made them, but they shouldn't be in the table yet. @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:0).should == 0 @screen.update_table_data @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, numberOfRowsInSection:0).should == 2 end end describe "test PM::TableScreen's moving cells functionality" do before do UIView.animationsEnabled = false @screen = TestTableScreen.new @screen.on_load end it "should allow the table screen to enter editing mode" do @screen.isEditing.should == false @screen.edit_mode(enabled:true, animated:false) @screen.isEditing.should == true end it "should use a convenience method to see if the table is editing" do @screen.isEditing.should == @screen.edit_mode? @screen.edit_mode(enabled:true, animated:false) @screen.isEditing.should == @screen.edit_mode? end it "should toggle editing mode" do @screen.edit_mode?.should == false @screen.toggle_edit_mode(false) @screen.edit_mode?.should == true @screen.toggle_edit_mode(false) @screen.edit_mode?.should == false end it "should return true for cells that are moveable" do # Index path with :moveable = true index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:4) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, canMoveRowAtIndexPath: index_path).should == true # Index path with no :moveable set index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(2, inSection:4) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, canMoveRowAtIndexPath: index_path).should == false # Index path with :moveable = false index_path = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(4, inSection:4) @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, canMoveRowAtIndexPath: index_path).should == false end it "should rearrange the data object when a cell is moved" do move_from = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:4) move_to = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(2, inSection:4) @screen.promotion_table_data.section(4)[:cells].map{|c| c[:title]}.should == [ 'Cell 1', 'Cell 2', 'Cell 3', 'Cell 4', 'Cell 5' ] @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, moveRowAtIndexPath:move_from, toIndexPath:move_to) @screen.promotion_table_data.section(4)[:cells].map{|c| c[:title]}.should == [ 'Cell 2', 'Cell 3', 'Cell 1', 'Cell 4', 'Cell 5' ] end it "should call :cell_moved when moving a cell" do move_from = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:4) move_to = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(2, inSection:4) @screen.cell_was_moved.nil?.should == true @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, moveRowAtIndexPath:move_from, toIndexPath:move_to) @screen.cell_was_moved.is_a?(Hash).should == true cell = @screen.cell_was_moved cell[:paths][:from].should == move_from cell[:paths][:to].should == move_to cell[:cell][:title].should == "Cell 1" end it "should allow cells to move to other sections" do move_from = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(1, inSection:4) move_to = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:3) moving_to = @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, targetIndexPathForMoveFromRowAtIndexPath:move_from, toProposedIndexPath:move_to) moving_to.should == move_to end it "should not allow cells to move to other sections" do move_from = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:4) move_to = NSIndexPath.indexPathForRow(0, inSection:3) moving_to = @screen.tableView(@screen.tableView, targetIndexPathForMoveFromRowAtIndexPath:move_from, toProposedIndexPath:move_to) moving_to.should == move_from end end end A fisherman almost died after a Dover sole he had caught jumped down his throat. His life was saved

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pezoid. Near the end of the video, the skies turn dark and it begins to rain, and the band performs in the downpour until the end of the song, where the rain stops and the camera pans away from the tower, showing the wasteland where Shinoda had rapped in is now a lush Greenland. During the rain the statues on the tower begin to move. A strange-looking whale can be seen flying around the large statue during most of the video, specifically at the end of the video. The whale in the video was Joe Hahn's idea. He has been quoted as saying, "It's not like I pulled it out of my ass; it made sense to me." The reasoning behind its inclusion is still unknown. The whale could be identified as a "space whale" which takes the concept that life (or time) is too short for one to absorb all its mass surroundings. Although there is a keyboard loop in this song, the video does not show Mike, who is a pianist in the group, or anyone else playing a keyboard in any scene of the video. However, Joe Hahn is shown using a MIDI pad to emulate the piano loop at the end. When I listen to the lyrics of this song the word ‘failure’ comes to mind. Few things in the universe are black and white, yet much of our language reads as if they are. This song signifies a paradigm in which all subtlety is lost. When we regard life as something we’ve failed @, we lose our ability to see the truth, which is no doubt considerably more complex. In addition, we hurt ourselves. @ Some point, the word will NOT be SO loaded with the weight of negativity, and as the song says, ‘in the end it doesn’t really matter,’ this simply refers to life NOT going according to OUR plans. So when you hear the lyrics of this song, know that you are under the influence of an outmoded way of perceiving the world.5 Reasons You Should Be Using Facebook Targeted Ads for E-Commerce By: Craig Lillard E-Commerce Entrepreneur & Facebook Ads Expert WHEN ADWORDS WAS KING In 2001, I started my first e-commerce site. We sold DVDs and I used software called MIVA Merchant. Back then, Google had just unleashed Adwords a year earlier and I am proud to say I was one of the early adopters. Adwords was very new and was an unbelievably cheap way to get traffic and sales. Back then we spent around 5 cents a click for Adwords. Over the past 15 years, I have used Adwords extensively in 2 more successful e-commerce ventures, one of them having close to a million digital products. Times have changed of course, and now Adwords is up to $2 to $50+ a click depending upon the vertical. In the past, if I was starting a new e-commerce site, Adwords would be my go to traffic building method. I can pretty confidently say that today, and in most cases, Adwords would NOT be my first stop. I am not discounting Adwords or saying I would NOT use it. Adwords definitely still has it’s place, but Facebook, in my humble opinion, is a more affordable choice to get things off the ground. However, Facebook is DEFINITELY a different animal than Adwords and many have been completely turned away from Facebook as an advertising tool because they tried to use it like it was Adwords. Facebook definitely requires a level of finesses that Adwords does NOT. However, this also gives you an advantage as it is a bit more complicated to be successful with Facebook and your competition are less likely to be using it correctly than Adwords. FACEBOOK IN YOUR QUIVER MEANS UNTAPPED GREATNESS While many people still depend on Adwords for traffic and sales, the advertising opportunity provided by Facebook has barely been touched by a huge portion of the internet. I believe this is because Facebook’s ad platform started out poorly and therefore, many people have an incorrect understanding of what Facebook can do for their business, especially their e-commerce business. SO much has changed with Facebook’s advertising system in the past few years, that it is almost critical to have Facebook’s targeting as a tool in your marketing and advertising quiver!! So, let’s get to the 5 reasons we think so! THE 5 KEY REASONS YOUR E-COMMERCE SITE SHOULD BE USING FACEBOOK ADS NOW! So, let’s get to the nitty gritty folks. What are the 5 reasons your e-commerce site should be on Facebook now? Targeting, Targeting, Targeting Never before has it been so easy to target your EXACT clientele. Whether you need to target based on income, gender, interests, job type, employer and on and on…. Facebook has done something no one else has. They have allowed you to reach the exact person you want to reach and they have made it so darn granular! I am constantly amazed at how deeply you are able to target and when you start mixing targeting methods it just gets crazier. I was working with a client recently who sells “Maintenance, Repair and Operations” products. He literally said, “I don’t think our customers are on Facebook.” So, I did my own search and not only was it possible to find people interested in Maintenance, Repair and Operations (MRO) it was possible to target people who actually had PURCHASED MRO products! In fact, there are 418,600 people that buy MRO related products!! This is a huge audience! So, yes indeedy we targeted that exact audience with a few other location based tweaks and saw a stellar 4% click through rate on a very vanilla test branding campaign. Images and Photos Facebook has made it easy for you to engage your target audience with video and photos. While Google has display ads, they are nothing like the sponsored post format that Facebook offers allowing you to ENGAGE with your target audience with not just images, but video, comments, shares and likes. Plus Facebook is constantly innovating with NEW ways to display content and ads that are unique and give you the opportunity to be different and stand out from your competition. Once example of this is the new Canvas option which is a mobile specific ad platform that allows for a unique swiping experience. Low Prices Because Facebook’s ad system is relatively new, prices are still so darn low. If your ad is relevant, you can see prices around 10 cents a click or even all the way down to 1 cent! Facebook provides the BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCK! PLUS the more relevant your ad is to your audience, the lower the cost will be. HOWEVER, this simply won’t last forever. Currently, Facebook’s ad system is quite unused comparatively. Adwords on the other hand is quite overused and inflation & competition over the years has driven Adwords prices up. (Way up…) Facebook is still ground floor which is a beautiful place to be. Re-Marketing & The Facebook Pixel Facebook’s re-marketing system allows you to connect with people that have taken certain actions on your website, from adding products to a cart (but not buying them) to viewing a specific product. Then, based on these actions, you can market the ideal ad copy to those interested consumers. The Facebook “Pixel” (a piece of code you put on various pages on your site) allows you to track and then re-market to those interested in your products. Love it… Lack of Competition The final reason you need to be utilizing Facebook ads is the simple lack of competition. It’s one of the reasons Google’s Adwords was so amazing in the early years. Low prices were great, but low prices PLUS lack of competition was even better. While pricing was low Consistently, I talk to people who are in business, but have no clue what Facebook’s targeting system is or what it can do. There is SO MUCH opportunity out there and very few are utilizing it. (And, by the way, if you are reading this, you have proven that Facebook ads work.) You see, to me, Facebook ads are NOW in the same position Google Ads were in 2001. NEW and very unused. That won’t last forever, but be assured, it was a beautiful time then and it’s a beautiful time now. CONCLUSION So, I wrote this post because I am excited about the possibilities for e-commerce. I love E-commerce. As someone who has built multiple digital and tangible product e-commerce sites and grown them almost exclusively with digital traffic, I love finding new, better, unique and more affordable ways to grow businesses. So, E-Commercers…. Has your curiosity been piqued? Want to know more? I put together a PDF that explains in more detail the 5 Ways to Dominate Your E-Commerce Competition With Facebook Targeting. It’s a PDF you can download RIGHT NOW! I go into a bit more details concerning these unique and stellar ways Facebook has given us to get more customers, but SPECIFICALLY related to E-Commerce! Facebook targeting/marketing has built in several stellar features specifically for e-commerce sites. We have put together a PDF that outlines our 5 favorite e-commerce Facebook hacks that help you focus on increasing your SALES using Facebook targeting, NOT just running ads that don’t do anything.Bona malis paria non sunt

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players are crashing in 64 bit as well <EdLin> raven3x7, bummer <Lamb_of_God> washi: what do you need i will see if i can help <dubnium> cookedgryphon, im installing now from repositories, why not just do that? <washi> do you have an idea that could help me boot normally? <gabriel> how do you mesure bandwith in linux= <unforcer> miq, there is thread in ubuntu forum for acer aspire 5024.. I just cannot find it <_frank> vitriol: and if you want any 32 bit games to run (basically every game), you need to set them up in the chroot. <apprentice> is there a way for x to autoprobe for devices plz <_frank> vitriol: what is gadmin? <CookedGryphon> dubnium: cos i already have the source and a sloooow internet connection <Lamb_of_God> washi: why cant you? <dubnium> i see <vitriol> _frank: i have no clue...i just know that as i watch top, it freezes my computer by eating the cpu <Nathanial> hi when I put a blank CD into my CD burner, CD/DVD Creator comes up, is there a way to burn audio CD's with this? <washi> The computer crashed an i cannot boot properly since then <vitriol> _frank: it's something that runs in gnome <washi> the fs is mounted read only <raven3x7> carajean206, what do you mean nothing happens? did you change you xorg.conf? <Lamb_of_God> washi: explain deeper plz <vitriol> _frank: if you do ps x | grep gadmin you'll see it running if you're in gnome <washi> i ran fsck from a live cd <wjesusaxl> I have an error when I try to compile center icq configure: error: installation or configuration problem: C compiler cannot create executables <_frank> vitriol: i don't run gnome. did you try killing that program? <Lamb_of_God> washi: what crashed? why did it crash? <washi> then when i reboot i get fsck failed <vitriol> _frank: yes i did <vitriol> _frank: then everything froze :) <vitriol> _frank: everytime i rebooted and tried it again, i get the same result * vitriol might need to search bugzilla <CookedGryphon> how can you uninstall summat that u've compiled from source n "make install"ed <CookedGryphon> ? <Lamb_of_God> washi: CookedGryphon rm all of it <washi> Lamb_of_God : my friend pressed the power button to turn the pc off after it froze <wjesusaxl> I've installed centericq already.. but I had problems with MSN protocol.. and I installed it with MSN ... I just fixed my repositories and I want to redo everything again <Nathanial> Does anybody know if you can burn audio CD's with CD/DVD recorder? <wjesusaxl> how can I uninstall centericq? <Lamb_of_God> CookedGryphon rm all of it <washi> i don't get it <Lamb_of_God> washi: so you cant start up ubuntu at all? <wjesusaxl> I downloaded the code and installed it... <wjesusaxl> no apt-get <unforcer> miq, found it http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=46853 <alex__> can someone tell me how to kill properly the esd process ? ps -fA |grep esd does not find it <CookedGryphon> rm all of it, that's a bit messy int it? <apprentice> how can i reconfigure my X <CookedGryphon> what if its put stuff somewhere n i haven't noticed <alex__> 'esd <alex__> !esd <ubotu> [esd] Enlightened Sound Daemon. By using a sound server to access your sound device, multiple applications can connect to the server at once and all make noise simultaneously. <Lamb_of_God> CookedGryphon: not if you do it right <_frank> CookedGryphon: that's why I use checkinstall instead of make <raven3x7> carajean206 ? <_frank> CookedGryphon: that's why I use checkinstall instead of make install <washi> Lamb_of_God : when i do i get a root console <washi> Lamb_of_God : i cannot umount the root fs to fsck it <washi> Lamb_of_God : the root fs is mounted ro <_frank> CookedGryphon: do a locate program name, it should find pretty much all the files it installed <washi> that's why it doesn't boot normally <Lamb_of_God> washi: try the "exit" command then login <Lamb_of_God> that *should* get you to runlevel 2 <unforcer> miq, there is someone saying "As said, kernel 2.6.11-1 from Universe fixes the DMA on the harddisk"" <washi> Lamb_of_God : just did exit <CookedGryphon> I may have solved the problem by su ing... i hadn't noticed, that's y it couldn't remove the files it was tryign to copy itself over <Lamb_of_God> washi: did it bring you to a login screen? <washi> Lamb_of_God : yes <unforcer> how can I update kernel to 2.6.11-1? <Lamb_of_God> washi: ok are you logged in? <washi> Lamb_of_God : i can't <Lamb_of_God> washi: why? <washi> Lamb_of_God : error while loading shared libraries <Lamb_of_God> weird <filip_> how can i setup an ftp-server? <washi> Lamb_of_God : libpam.so.0 <carajean206> ok guys how to quit x in order to install the new nvidia driver? <Lamb_of_God> carajean206: sudo shutdown now <raven3x7> carajean206, yes <washi> Lamb_of_God : cannot open shared object file <carajean206> also is there a kernal i should install before i do this <raven3x7> Lamb_of_God, huh? <miq> unforcer: i don't know how to do it the "ubuntu"-way <washi> Lamb_of_God : No such file or directory <Lamb_of_God> washi: idk from here sorry <washi> Lamb_of_God : ? <raven3x7> carajean206, sudo killall gdm <Lamb_of_God> raven3x7: to shutdown X you sudo shutdown now <Lamb_of_God> washi: i dont know from here sorry <carajean206> ok now the kernal prob? <washi> Lamb_of_God : thank you anyway <Lamb_of_God> washi: good luck <raven3x7> Lamb_of_God, i guess you;re right <Lamb_of_God> raven3x7: i know <washi> Lamb_of_God : do you think IRC will help me ? <alive> test ... 1.2.3 <raven3x7> carajean206, no <alive> works good // <justaguy> (clears throat) <miq> unforcer: well, my synaptic tells me, that there is a 2.6.11 kernel image available <miq> you could try installing that <Lamb_of_God> washi: no idea, there is bound to be someone sometime that knows howto <raven3x7> Lamb_of_God, i just had killall gdm in mind <unforcer> miq, well I am running 2.6.10-5 old? <washi> Lamb_of_God : ok <Lamb_of_God> raven3x7: well its better then what most ppl say ctrl+alt+bckspc <karim__> hi installed mplayer-g4 on power pc but there is no binary ! <raven3x7> carajean206, you need the headers though so sudo apt-get install build

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the isocyanate, the carbon dioxide concentration is reduced by the mixing in the ratio of the mixing components. Until it mixes with the isocyanate, the polyol containing carbon dioxide, injected into the mixing chamber, is at a pressure below the equilibrium solution pressure of carbon dioxide in isocyanate for a sufficient time to form stable bubble nuclei. In other words it is supersaturated with carbon dioxide. The typical period required to form stable bubble nuclei, i.e. bubble nuclei whose diameter is sufficient for the surface tension to prevent their tendency to redissolve, is 10xe2x88x924 to 10xe2x88x922 sec. If the first pressure reduction takes place after the polyol and isocyanate have been mixed, care must be taken to ensure that the pressure is below the equilibrium solution pressure for a sufficient length of time. This can be achieved with appropriately designed Laval nozzles. After the first expansion the pressure should be as close as possible to the equilibrium solution pressure of the dissolved carbon dioxide in the polyol/isocyanate mixture, i.e. not sufficiently above the equilibrium solution pressure to allow the bubble nuclei to redissolve and not sufficiently below the equilibrium solution pressure to allow the bubble nuclei to grow to bubble sizes that tend to coagulate. Preferably, the equilibrium solution pressure should be exceeded by less than a pressure difference xcex94p of 0.5/t bar, where t is the time in seconds that elapses between the first and second pressure reductions. The time required between the first pressure reduction and the second pressure reduction is determined by the volume of apparatus (mixing chamber and pipelines) between the first and second pressure-reducing devices and the throughput of polyol/polyisocyanate mixture. This time is typically 0.5 to 6 seconds, preferably 2 to 4 seconds. The amount by which the pressure falls below the equilibrium solution pressure between the first and second pressure reductions should preferably be less than 5%, particularly preferably less than 3% and very particularly preferably less than 2% of the equilibrium solution pressure. In this case the bubble nucleus diameters remain well below 100 xcexcm, even when an equilibrium is adjusted, so that there is substantially no coagulation of bubble nuclei. Accordingly, for a polyol/isocyanate mixture which contains 4 parts by weight of carbon dioxide to 100 parts by weight of polyol and whose equilibrium solution pressure is about 5 bar, the pressure should typically be less than 0.1 bar above or below the equilibrium solution pressure. Variations arise from the different solubility of carbon dioxide in different qualities of raw materials and from specific apparatus conditions. Accordingly, an essential feature of the present invention is sensitive adjustment and maintenance of the pressure of the polyol/isocyanate mixture between the first and second pressure reductions. This can be achieved in a number of ways: One possibility consists in maintaining the equilibrium solution pressure via the pressure-reducing device for the first pressure reduction. Another possibility is to adjust the mass fluxes of the components so that, for given apparatus conditions, the equilibrium solution pressure is assured between the first and second pressure reductions. The equilibrium solution pressure is preferably assured by using a pressure-reducing device of variable pressure-maintaining capacity for the second pressure reduction. The invention also provides a pressure-maintaining device for the foaming of polyol/polyisocyanate mixtures containing carbon dioxide dissolved under pressure, and optionally containing fillers, said device comprising, at a housing outlet transverse to the direction of flow of the mixture, two parallel perforated plates whose separation is adjustable between 0.1 and 0.3 mm and which have the following features: the perforated plates have a uniform perforation grid of constant pitch, the two grids being offset by half a period relative to one another, the hole density of the downstream perforated plate is 1.5 and 5 per cm2, the free cross-sectional area of the upstream perforated plate is between 1.5 and 4%, based on the total cross-section of the perforated plates, and the free cross-sectional area of the downstream perforated plate is between 10 and 30%, based on the total cross-section of the perforated plates. The pressure-maintaining device is preferably formed of two perforated plates, each of which has a trilateral or quadrilateral perforation grid. Also, the pressure-maintaining device is preferably formed of an upstream perforated plate with a hexagonal perforation grid and a downstream perforated plate with a triangular grid, the hole density of the upstream perforated plate therefore being twice that of the downstream perforated plate. xe2x80x9cUpstreamxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cdownstreamxe2x80x9d relate to the separation gap between the perforated plates. Particularly preferably, the through-holes in the downstream perforated plate are conically enlarged in the direction of flow, especially in such a way that the outlet of the perforated plate, i.e. the underside of the plate, is formed of sharp edges so that no voids are formed in the flow.Simultaneous administration of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine with booster doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and poliovirus vaccines. The safety and efficacy of simultaneous administration of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), and trivalent oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccines in a test group of 405 children were compared with the safety and efficacy of sequential administration of the same vaccines in a control group of 410 children given MMR followed by booster doses of DTP and OPV 2 months later. The study was double blind and placebo controlled with respect to DTP and OPV. Seroconversion rates to measles, mumps, and rubella exceeded 96% in both groups. Geometric mean titers to measles (P = .05) and rubella (P = .004) were higher in the test group, and titers of antibodies to the other seven antigens were similar in both groups. Clinical reaction data were analyzed in 248 of 405 test children and 249 of 410 control children. The rates of serious vaccine-associated reactions were low and similar in the two groups. Some minor side effects were reported more frequently in the test group, but these differences were judged to be related to study design rather than to differences in the safety of the two vaccine schedules. The results indicate that the safety and serologic efficacy of administering MMR simultaneously with reinforcing doses of DTP and OPV in the second year of life is equivalent to the safety and efficacy observed after administering these antigens separately.My review of Wahl AG’s Opinion gives readers necessary detail on C-595/17 Apple v eBizcuss. In 2012 eBizcuss started suing Apple for alleged anti-competitive behaviour, arguing Apple systematically favours its own, vertically integrated distribution network. Can choice of court in their original contract cover the action (meaning the French courts would not have jurisdiction). The Court says it can, both for Article 101 TFEU (cartels) and for 102 TFEU actions (abuse of dominant position), but particularly for the latter. In both cases the final say rests with the national courts who are best placed to appreciate the choice of court provisions in their entire context. For Article 101 TFEU actions, the window is a narrow one (at 28: ‘the anti‑competitive conduct covered by Article 101 TFEU, namely an unlawful cartel, is in principle not directly linked to the contractual relationship between a member of that cartel and a third party which is affected by the cartel’). For Article 102 TFEU, as noted by other, it is wider (‘the anti‑competitive conduct covered by Article 102 TFEU, namely the abuse of a dominant position, can materialise in contractual relations that an undertaking in a dominant position establishes and by means of contractual terms’). The overall context of appreciation is that of predictability: at 29 (referring to CDC): ‘in the context of an action based on Article 102 TFEU, taking account of a jurisdiction clause that refers to a contract and ‘the corresponding relationship’ cannot be regarded as surprising one of the parties.’ Those of us who are familiar with the issue of multilingualism and international courts, will enjoy the discussion of contractual terms in Wahl AG’s Opinion in C-595/17 Apple v eBizcuss. Not only does the issue entre around the precise implications of the wording of a choice of court provision. The Opinion (not yet available in English) also highlights the difficulty of translating the original English of the contractual term, into the languages at the Court. Current litigation is a continuation of the earlier spats between Apple and eBizcuss, which led to the Cour de Cassation’s 2015 reversed stance on the validity of unilateral choice of court – which I discussed at the time. The 2002 Apple Authorized Reseller Agreement (in fact the 2005 version which applied after continuation of the contract) included a governing law and choice of court clause reading „This Agreement and the corresponding relationship between the parties shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Ireland and the parties shall submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Republic of Ireland. Apple reserves the right to institute proceedings against Reseller in the courts having jurisdiction in the place where Reseller has its seat or in any jurisdiction where a harm to Apple is occurring.” (emphasis added) The Cour de Cassation had rebuked the Court of Appeal’s finding of lack of jurisdiction. In its 2015 decision to quash, (the same which qualified the Court’s stance on unilateral jurisdiction clauses) it cited C-352/13 CDC, in which the CJEU held that choice of court clauses are not

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#include "Gaffer/BoxIn.h" #include "Gaffer/BoxOut.h" #include "Gaffer/Context.h" #include "Gaffer/Dot.h" #include "Gaffer/Node.h" #include "Gaffer/Plug.h" #include "Gaffer/Switch.h" #include "GafferBindings/PlugBinding.h" #include "GafferBindings/MetadataBinding.h" using namespace boost::python; using namespace IECore; using namespace GafferBindings; using namespace Gaffer; namespace { bool shouldSerialiseInput( const Plug *plug, const Serialisation &serialisation ) { if( !plug->getInput() ) { return false; } if( auto parent = plug->parent<Plug>() ) { if( parent->getInput() && parent != serialisation.parent() ) { // Parent plug's input will have been serialised, so a serialisation // for the child would be redundant. return false; } } if( !plug->getFlags( Plug::Serialisable ) ) { // Removing the Serialisable flag is a common way of // disabling serialisation of a `setInput()` call, but // it has problems : // // - Plug flags get propagated round by `Plug::createCounterpart()`, // often in an unwanted fashion. Our goal should be to remove // them entirely. // - It's too blunt an instrument. It disables all serialisation // for the plug, including any metadata that has been registered. return false; } // Because of the problems with using Plug::Serialisable, it seems we // need a mechanism for a node to say whether or not an input needs to // be serialised. Options might include : // // 1. Adding a `virtual bool Node::serialiseInput( const Plug * ) const` // method that can be overridden by subclasses. This would be pretty // convenient, but it would blur the separation between the Gaffer // and GafferBindings libraries. Maybe we can justify this because it's // not actually a dependency on Python, and doesn't know anything about // the serialisation format. In other words, maybe it's OK for a node // to know _what_ needs to be serialised, as long as it doesn't know // _how_. It seems that if we had similar `bool GraphComponent::serialiseChild()` // and `bool GraphComponent::serialiseChildConstructor()` methods, we // could actually ditch a fair proportion of custom serialisers, which // might be nice. // // 2. Adding a `virtual bool NodeSerialiser::serialiseInput( const Plug * )` // method, and finding the registered serialiser for the node in `postHierarchy()` // below. This is purer, but probably a bit more of a faff in practice. // // 3. Coming up with a sensible rule that doesn't require more API. Perhaps // we only need to serialise internal connections if they come from a // child node which itself is serialised? It sure would be nice to simplify // all this serialisation logic, and if a simple rule allows us to avoid // greater complexity, that would be great. // // In lieu of a decision on this, for now we just hardcode the end result // we want, which is to omit serialisation for the internal connections of // the nodes below... if( auto boxIn = runTimeCast<const BoxIn>( plug->node() ) ) { if( plug == boxIn->plug() ) { return false; } } else if( runTimeCast<const BoxOut>( plug->node() ) ) { if( plug->getName() == "__out" ) { return false; } } else if( auto dot = runTimeCast<const Dot>( plug->node() ) ) { if( plug == dot->outPlug() ) { return false; } } else if( auto sw = runTimeCast<const Switch>( plug->node() ) ) { if( plug == sw->outPlug() ) { return false; } } return true; } const IECore::InternedString g_includeParentPlugMetadata( "plugSerialiser:includeParentPlugMetadata" ); } // namespace void PlugSerialiser::moduleDependencies( const Gaffer::GraphComponent *graphComponent, std::set<std::string> &modules, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { Serialiser::moduleDependencies( graphComponent, modules, serialisation ); metadataModuleDependencies( static_cast<const Plug *>( graphComponent ), modules ); } std::string PlugSerialiser::constructor( const Gaffer::GraphComponent *graphComponent, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { return repr( static_cast<const Plug *>( graphComponent ) ); } std::string PlugSerialiser::postHierarchy( const Gaffer::GraphComponent *graphComponent, const std::string &identifier, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { const Plug *plug = static_cast<const Plug *>( graphComponent ); std::string result = Serialiser::postHierarchy( graphComponent, identifier, serialisation ); if( shouldSerialiseInput( plug, serialisation ) ) { std::string inputIdentifier = serialisation.identifier( plug->getInput() ); if( inputIdentifier.size() ) { result += identifier + ".setInput( " + inputIdentifier + " )\n"; } } bool shouldSerialiseMetadata = true; if( plug->node() == serialisation.parent() ) { shouldSerialiseMetadata = Context::current()->get<bool>( g_includeParentPlugMetadata, true ); } if( shouldSerialiseMetadata ) { result += metadataSerialisation( plug, identifier ); } return result; } bool PlugSerialiser::childNeedsSerialisation( const Gaffer::GraphComponent *child, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { // cast is safe because of constraints maintained by Plug::acceptsChild(). const Plug *childPlug = static_cast<const Plug *>( child ); return childPlug->getFlags( Plug::Serialisable ); } bool PlugSerialiser::childNeedsConstruction( const Gaffer::GraphComponent *child, const Serialisation &serialisation ) const { // cast is safe because of constraints maintained by Plug::acceptsChild(). const Plug *childPlug = static_cast<const Plug *>( child ); return childPlug->getFlags( Plug::Dynamic | Plug::Serialisable ); } std::string PlugSerialiser::directionRepr( Plug::Direction direction ) { switch( direction ) { case Plug::In : return "Gaffer.Plug.Direction.In"; case Plug::Out : return "Gaffer.Plug.Direction.Out"; default : return "Gaffer.Plug.Direction.Invalid"; } } std::string PlugSerialiser::flagsRepr( unsigned flags ) { static const Plug::Flags values[] = { Plug::Dynamic, Plug::Serialisable, Plug::AcceptsInputs, Plug::Cacheable, Plug::AcceptsDependencyCycles, Plug::None }; static const char *names[] = { "Dynamic", "Serialisable", "AcceptsInputs", "Cacheable", "AcceptsDependencyCycles", nullptr }; int defaultButOffCount = 0; std::string defaultButOff; std::string nonDefaultButOn; for( int i=0; names[i]; i++ ) { std::string *s = nullptr; if( flags & values[i] ) { if( !(values[i] & Plug::Default) ) { s = &nonDefaultButOn; } } else { if( values[i] & Plug::Default ) { s = &defaultButOff; defaultButOffCount += 1; } } if( s ) { if( s->size() ) { *s += " | "; }

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high on the site' (Newshopper, 17 May 2005 includes blurry photo of Pete as Nelson). I found this old Deptford TV film of him at the weekend and stuck it up on youtube. It was made in 2007 by Gopi Sastri, Ellie Walton and Salim A. Syed and features Pete talking about regeneration - 'this so-called regeneration process has been grinding across Deptford for the last 20 years'. Update: - funeral details: Pete Pope will be cremated on Friday 15th June at 10:45 am in Hither Green Cemetery. There will be a bike ride from there back to the Dog and Bell in Deptford in his honour where there will be a wake. On Sunday the 24th June friends will be gathering in the Birds Nest Deptford from mid afternoon to process with his ASHES to Halfpenny Hatch bridge astride Deptford Creek around 4 30 pm to sprinkle him over the out going high tide , and then returning to the pub to celebrate one of Deptfords finest. All welcome' . Friday, May 11, 2012 I love Nick Drake, so was very excited when I stumbled across a series of photographs purporting to be of him in New Cross. They were taken in 1970 by Keith Morris (1938-2005 - obituary here) as part of the shoot for the Bryter Later album. The caption says: 'Taken high above New Cross and overlooking the industrialised Thames estuary'. Only trouble is you can't see the river from New Cross, and there aren't any hills by the river in Deptford either. So where were these pictures taken? Presumably somewhere in SE London, maybe more Charlton/Woolwich way or even further East? Update Sunday 12th May: debate in comments and on twitter has swung between the location being Maryon Park in Charlton and the churchyard of St Mary Magdelene in Woolwich. I think the former now looks more likely, specifically the area of the park known as Cox's Mount/Gilbert's Pit above the railway tunnel. Clincher for me is this 2010 picture taken from there by Stephen Craven showing what is now the Industrial Estate in Charlton down below. Also somebody who used to live in the houses in Woolwich Road next to the park reckons they are the houses shown. Compare also this 1905 picture from Ideal Homes - 'New Charlton and Charlton Vale from Cox's Mount, Maryon Park. The typical "School Board for London" school on the right is Maryon Park School, opened in 1896 and now part of Greenwich Community College. The road running towards the river is Hardens Manor Way with the "Lads of the Village" public house about half way down on the left. This pub is now called the "Thames Barrier Arms", named after the Thames flood barrier (opened 1983) which crosses the river at the left of the picture. The large factory on the riverside is Siemens Brothers Telegraph Works.Behind the factory can be seen the masts of the "Warspite", a training ship for boys run by the Marine Society': So why did the photographer choose this location? I wonder whether there's a connection with Blow-Up? Michelangelo Antonioni's 1966 film famously used the park for key locations. The central character in the film is a photographer loosely based on David Bailey. And in the mid 1960s Nick Drake photographer Keith Morris served an apprenticeship with Bailey - he would certainly have been aware of the film, wonder whether his involvement went any further? Thursday, May 10, 2012 Today saw civil servants, health workers and other public sector workers taking action against deteriorating pensions - changes which can be summed up as 'pay more, work longer, get less'. It wasn't as big an event as the strike last November which also included teachers, local government workers and university staff, but nevertheless up to 400,000 people are estimated to have taken action. I came across pickets at Kings hospital in Camberwell (pictured) and the Equalities and Human Rights Commission in Tooley St SE1; I gather there were also people out at Lewisham College, Catford Job Centre, the Kaleidoscope child development centre (Rushey Green Road) and no doubt many other places in SE London. A demonstration headed into central London from St Thomas' Hospital. Elsewhere in a not entirely unrelated protest up to 30,000 police officers marched against cuts - police sergeant tweeter Rob Jackson reported last night that 'Over 100 Lewisham officers will join other Met Colleagues for the March against police cuts'. Hardened strikers and protesters with experience of being pushed around by the police can be forgiven some schadenfreude, and may not feel inclined to rush to support them. But whether we like them or not, we shouldn't lose sight of the political significance of the police marching against the policies of a Conservative government on the same day as other public sector workers. It sometimes feel sthat we are living through a re-run of the 1980s. The Thatcher Government of that period destroyed industries, threw millions on to the dole and ruthlessly deployed its forces against opposition. But however much it was hated by many, it also maintained its domination by winning the active support of parts of the population including many working class and middle class people who felt their living standards were rising. The police were obvious beneficiaries, but they weren't the only ones. The difference this time round is that there is virtually no 'positive buy in' to the Government. Hardly anybody feels that they are better off, the most the Government can rely on is a widespread despair about alternatives and fuelling a brooding resentment against 'better off' public sector workers. Even it were true that public sector pensions are better all round (they are for some, but not for everybody), making them worse won't help people working in the private sector. In fact the worse conditions are for public sector workers, the less private sector employers will have to do to compete and attract staff - so conditions are likely to deteriorate all round. (if you've got any other South London strike/protest news, please comment) Wednesday, May 09, 2012 Gangs are not a new phenomenon. In his book Gangs of London (2010), Brian McDonald mentions numerous South London teenage gangs from the 1950s: Balham Boys, Brixton Boys, Bermondsey Boys, Borough Boys, Rotherhithe Boys, the Elephant and Castle Boys, Wandsworth Boys, Lambeth Boys (yes it was a bit of a boy thing!). Then, as now, there was sometimes violent conflict between gangs - in 1953 for instance a gang fight on Clapham Common led to the death of 17 year old John Beckley. New Cross Boys According to McDonald, 'perhaps the largest of London's 1950s teenage gangs, the New Cross Boys... roamed from Canal Bridge to Deptford, causing mayhem at Millwall Football Ground, youth clubs, cinemas and dance halls. The only noted puncher among them was Freddie 'Ginger' Simmonds, who gave a creditable performance in a stand up fist fight with future gangster Eddie Richardson. This occurred on a snow-filled pavement outside the Trocadero cinema at Elephant and Castle, after a snow ball fight got out of hand... In a clash with rivals from Peckham's Goose Green, over 200 teenage youths fought running battles over a period of three days in 1956'. In another of his books, Elephant Boys, McDonald mentions a fight involving the New Cross Boys in the New Cross House pub. Deptford Red Hands He also mentions 'An earlier Deptford gang, the Red Hands, so named for the red armband that identified members, came unstuck in 1926 when one of their team was stabbed to death after attacking a rival Rotherhithe Boy. William Shillibeer, aged fourteen, was convicted of the manslaughter of thirteen-year old Albert Hannah'. This case was discussed in Parliament after the trial in March 1927, with Frederick Pethick-Lawrence MP asking 'the Home Secretary whether his attention has been drawn to the remarks made by Mr. Justice Acton in the trial of William Arthur Edward Shillibeer, of Rotherhithe, at the Central Criminal Court, for murder, to the effect that it was quite clear that he was in the first instance wantonly and gratuitously insulted and provoked by a gang of boys gathered together for such purposes, and afterwards assailed by a number of those boys, who gave every indication of an intention to act together in attacking and doing violence upon him'. Monday, May 07, 2012 As you enjoy your May Day bank holiday lie-in, spare a thought for the people who brought you not only this holiday, but also the weekend and a working day of 8 hours or less. The Monday after the First of May was first declared a bank holiday by the Labour government in 1975, but the celebration of May Day as a workers holiday goes back to the international campaign by the workers movement for an eight hour working day in the 1880s. In 1886, clashes between police and strikers during a May Day strike in Chicago left dead on both sides. Despite an international campaign protesting their innocence, four anarchists were hanged for their part in the events. What's that got to do with South East London? Well the Chicago events were an inspiration for the composition of the famous socialist anthem 'The Red Flag', and it was written on the train to New Cross. Arguably no other song written locally has been sung by more people - including of course at the end of Labour Party conferences. It is a song that has soundtracked moments

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times. Forgiveness is a dance, a rhythm of receiving and giving. We can’t do one without the other; the dance is both or neither. Lord have mercy on me: this week, may you feel the embrace, the kiss of Christ in your life. May the forgiveness and new life he offers overflow like a wine glass poured too full until you have no choice but to share it. by Rev. James Eaton, Pastor – Copyright 2017 14th Sunday After Pentecost/A • September 10, 2017 Hear the sermon preached by clicking below One of the big issues in my life is that I lose stuff. Do you find this? Keys, cellphone, little things: I misplace them. Last week on my boat I lost my phone. The boat is a small area. I knew the phone was there somewhere. Half an hour later, I resorted to begging a dock worker to call me so I could find it. I lose things all the time. Now if you lose things too, you can feel the problem of the people to whom Matthew is speaking in today’s scripture reading. He’s writing to a group of Jewish Christians about fifty years or so after Jesus left his earthly ministry and here’s their problem: they’ve lost Jesus. Where Is Jesus? How do you find Jesus? Where is he? How can we get him back? How can they find the assurance that he is present? How can they talk to him, walk with him, hear him. Where do you go to find Jesus? What are the directions that will allow us to come see Jesus? The classic way to deal with this is simple: you make a statue of Jesus and hang him on the wall. All great Roman Catholic cathedrals have these; European art museums are full of pictures of Jesus, hanging there, easy to find. Of course, the problem is you have to go there to find him; that’s not much help if you want him with you, walking with you, where you are. Another solution is just to make up a picture of Jesus. That’s what prosperity gospel preachers like Joel Osteen do. They give people a picture of someone with all the problems solved and tell them well that’s Jesus, be like him. They live like rich people which in our culture looks like living successfully. Their problem, of course, is that it isn’t Jesus they are portraying, it’s just living like a rich guy. But how do you find the real Jesus? This scripture lesson is all about finding Jesus, it’s a sign that says, “Come see Jesus.” Listening to it is like reading a map, like someone saying, “Come see Jesus, he’s over here.” “…where two or three are gathered in my name, I am there among them. (Matt 18:20). I know you’ve heard this saying of Jesus before; it’s frequently quoted, especially by Congregationalists. I wonder if we’ve really taken it seriously enough. Every time you and a friend get together and treat each other like Jesus treats people, every time you have compassion on a stranger the way Jesus has compassion on strangers, every time you treat someone like a child of God, the way Jesus treats everyone as a child of God—there he is. Every time we gather here in his name to worship, here he is. Every time one of our Boards or committees gets together and thinks about how to help people in his name, there he is. “…where two or three are gathered in my name, I am there…,” he says. Every time I visit with one of you in the hospital and we pray, there he is. All it takes is two or three of us, gathering in his name, for him to appear. So where do you go to find Jesus? The answer is specific: you go to others. And one sure place is to the gathered congregation of his followers. One of the jobs of pastors is to listen to excuses for not going to church. I learned early not to tell people on airplanes I’m a pastor, for example, because they would tell me why they didn’t go to church last Sunday. High on the list of excuses is, “I find God in nature.” Sometimes nature means the golf course, sometimes another place. And, of course, we’ve all felt the stirring of inspiration seeing God’s creation. Sometimes that may work; often that is inspiring. But it’s a chancy thing. If you want to be sure Jesus will come along, if you want to be sure about finding Jesus, you need a congregation, you need two or three or more other followers. The second thing it’s important to notice here is the number required. Jewish scribes had settled on ten men as the minimum number to get God to be present. The book of Genesis records a wonderful conversation between Abraham and the Lord. The Lord is angry at Sodom and decides to wipe them out. Abraham asks whether the Lord will wipe out the righteous with the sinners. Abraham asks if 50 righteous people would be enough; God agrees 50 would be plenty. Abraham goes for 40; God says ok, 40 is enough. Finally, Abraham gets the Lord down to ten: ten righteous men will be enough to stop the destruction. From this, Rabbis deduced the requirement that ten righteous men are needed. Now Jesus reduces this. Notice that he doesn’t specify gender: it’s not just men, it’s any followers of Jesus, and it only takes two or three. This is the foundation for our church order. Where some believe that it requires a whole structure of bishops and officers to constitute a church, Congregationalists believe it only takes a congregation, meeting in covenant for worship. How big a congregation?—two or three. So if you want to see Jesus, come to the congregation; where faithful followers gather, he promises presence. The verse before this makes it clear: “whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.” The reason is that what we are doing is what Jesus is doing: we are literally the body of Christ in the world because he is present here with us, in us. Christ is present here and this is our destination: to go where he is, to be with him, to walk with him. But it’s not enough to have a destination, you also need directions on how to get there. Navigation can be tricky. When I’m sailing, I write down the buoys I’ll pass, the courses to take. I still make mistakes. Last week, I was coming back from a little cove and I suddenly realized I’d misread one of the buoys that marked a big shoal and I was about to run aground; I had to change direction fast to be safe. What are the directions to Jesus? The directions are in the part just before his statement about presence. One of the issues the early church faced is what to do about people who hurt each other in the church. So here it is, laid out in detail: first you tell them they hurt you—-you say ouch!-—and if they repent, you forgive them. If that doesn’t work, you get some other folks to mediate between you, and when they repent, you forgive them. And if that doesn’t work, you get the whole congregation involved and if they repent, you forgive them. Finally, if even that doesn’t work, you treat them like outsiders; in other words, following Jesus, you give them special love and care. Now if you listened closely to these directions, you heard the same word over and over: “you forgive them.” The directions to Jesus are to forgive; the directions from Jesus are to forgive. The first step on the way to Jesus is forgiving others and accepting forgiveness ourselves. Nelson Mandela was a young lawyer leading a revolution in South Africa when he was arrested in 1962. Beaten, imprisoned, he might easily have become hardened and bitter. Instead, he let the love of God bloom in his heart. He learned to forgive. In 1990, after 27 years, he was finally freed. Desmond Tutu, a bishop in South Africa said this. Before Nelson Mandela was arrested in 1962, he was an angry, relatively young man. He founded the ANC’s military wing. When he was released, he surprised everyone because he was talking about reconciliation and forgiveness and not about revenge. Mandela became the first President of a new South Africa. Many had predicted a racial civil war. Thanks to his efforts and example of forgiveness, his nation sought instead reconciliation and became a model for this. It’s no accident that this section on forgiveness is connected to encountering Jesus: forgiveness is the path to gathering in his name, to his presence. For the next few Sundays, we’re going to think about this theme, see what Jesus says, imagine what it means to live out forgiveness in our daily lives. Perhaps in your life, there is someone you need to forgive; perhaps you need to seek someone’s forgiveness. Perhaps you need to feel God’s forgiveness. The farther we walk on the path to forgiveness, in our prayer life, in our daily life, the closer we come to Jesus. “Come see Jesus”, is the gospel invitation: come see him here, come see him in the light of the forgiving love he shares and that we share in his name.Q: Why isn't this if statement working? I'm forking, and executing a

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obtain the possession of Blue Ridge Springs and otherwise benefit financially if he could get Mrs. Hastings out of the way. On the night of Sunday, 24 August 1934, defendant left Blue Ridge Springs, Va., in his automobile, for Washington, D. C., taking Mrs. Hastings with him. On the morning of Wednesday, 27 August 1934, the body of Mrs. Hastings was found lying on the side of the highway near Stroudsburg, Penn. She had been shot through the head with a pistol, and had been dead several days. Defendant's counsel contended, as here, that he cannot be convicted under the statute because the evidence fails to show that any force or restraint was used by defendant in taking Mrs. Hastings with him. Defendant's counsel further contended the evidence fails to show there was any intent on defendant's part to extort money or pecuniary benefit. The Court in a per curiam opinion in affirming the judgment below said: "After careful consideration of the record, we think the evidence shows that the accused took Mrs. Hastings with him under such circumstances as amount to fraud and coercion on his part, and for the purpose of pecuniary benefit, and the same is therefore sufficient to sustain a conviction under the statute." It would seem from the evidence stated in the opinion, and from the contention of defendant's counsel, that there was no forcible taking, although the opinion states that: "We think the evidence shows that the accused took Mrs. Hastings with him under such circumstances as amount to fraud and coercion on his part." However that may be, it would appear that the Virginia Court considered that the false and fraudulent *124 representations of defendant amounted substantially to a coercion of the will of Mrs. Hastings, and that the consent of Mrs. Hastings having been obtained by the fraud of defendant is, in truth, no consent at all. From our investigation it appears that all of our states have enacted statutes in respect to the offense of kidnapping. There is such a variance in the language of these statutes, enlarging the common law concept of the crime, and especially in not making its existence dependent on any interstate, or taking out of the country, element, that it seems impossible to give a generally valid definition of kidnapping which would apply to all the states. "However, it may be said as a general proposition that * * * the gravamen of kidnapping is the taking or detention of a person against his will and without lawful authority. In other words, it is an unlawful interference with the freedom of the person kidnapped." 1 Am.Jur. 2d, Abduction and Kidnapping, sec. 2. See also ibid., sec. 11. The elements of the crime of kidnapping are necessarily dependent on the wording of the statute in the particular state, and authority cited from the states must be read in connection with the statute of the particular state. State v. Croatt, 227 Minn. 185, 34 N.W.2d 716. Under our present kidnapping statute, G.S. § 14-39, a person is guilty of kidnapping (1) if he kidnaps or causes to be kidnapped any human being, or (2) if he demands a ransom of any person, firm or corporation, male or female, to be paid on account of kidnapping, or (3) if he holds any human being for ransom. There is a proviso in the statute not applicable here. According to the authorities we have cited, the crime of kidnapping by its very nature cannot ordinarily be committed by an act to which a person, being capable in law of consenting, consents in a legally valid manner. But where false and fraudulent representations or fraud amounting substantially to a coercion of the will of the kidnapped person are used as a substitute for force in effecting kidnapping, there is, in truth and in law, no consent at all on the part of the victim. In brief, under those circumstances the law has long considered fraud and violence as the same in the kidnapping of a person. Considering the commonly accepted meaning of the word "kidnap," and its special legal meaning, and considering the object of our statute, and the manifest meaning of the law-making body to secure the personal liberty of the citizen, and the language used in our cases above quoted, it is our opinion, and we so hold, that the word "kidnap" as used in G.S. § 14-39 means the unlawful taking and carrying away of a person by force or fraud and against his will, or the unlawful seizure and dentention of a person by force or fraud and against his will. The expression used in State v. Witherington, supra, quoted above, may be an obiter dictum as contended by defendant, but it is a correct statement of law in this jurisdiction in respect to the meaning of the word "kidnap" as used in G.S. § 14-39, and this is true even though G.S. § 14-39 omits the words "forcibly or fraudulently" used in C.S. § 4221. To construe the word "kidnap" as used in G.S. § 14-39 as applying only to a forcible taking, as contended by defendant, is too narrow a construction, and in many instances would make G.S. § 14-39 practically useless. In the present case there was no actual confinement or dentention of Elaine Saunders, nor any actual force used by defendant. She consented to go with defendant in his automobile, and baby-sit, as defendant said, with his two girls because his mother had a sprained ankle and couldn't get around, and voluntarily left her home with him in his automobile for that lawful and innocent purpose. But the evidence for the State permits the legitimate inference that she did not consent to go with him in his automobile out on a dirt road in *125 another county for some other purpose, and that she would not have gone with him at all, except for his false representations and fraud in saying that he wanted her to go and baby-sit for his two girls, which representations were untrue in fact, and defendant knew them to be untrue when he made them, that such representations were reasonably calculated to deceive Elaine Saunders taking into consideration the nature of the representations, and her age and education, that such representations were made by defendant with intent to deceive her so that he could carry her off in his automobile for some indecent or immoral purpose, and did in fact deceive her and cause her to leave with him. And further, the evidence for the State permits the reasonable inference that the false representations and fraud of defendant amounted substantially to a coercion of the will of Elaine Saunders, and that the consent of Elaine Saunders to leave her home in defendant's autombile having been obtained by the false representations and fraud of defendant was, in truth, no consent at all and that her leaving her home with defendant was in fact against her will. The evidence for the State, considered in the light most favorable to it, State v. Kelly, 243 N.C. 177, 90 S.E.2d 241, is sufficient to carry the case to the jury on the charge in the indictment, and the trial judge was correct in denying defendant's motion for judgment of nonsuit made at the close of all the evidence. Defendant assigns as error parts of the charge on the ground that the trial court instructed the jury that the "taking and carrying away a human being by fraud constitutes the offense of kidnapping." His argument in his brief on these assignments of error is incorporated in, and is the same as, his argument in his brief that the court erred in denying his motion for judgment of nonsuit. The parts of the charge assailed by these assignments of error are in substantial, if not in exact, compliance with the law in respect to kidnapping effected by fraud, as we have stated it above, and are overruled. Defendant also assigns as error that the court in its charge limited the jury to returning one of two verdicts: Guilty as charged in the indictment, or Not Guilty. Defendant contends that the court should have instructed the jury that they could return one of three verdicts: Guilty as charged in the indictment, or Guilty of an assault on a female, or Not Guilty. There is no evidence here of threatening words or violence menaced, nor is there any overt act or an attempt, with force and violence, to do physical injury to Elaine Saunders. This Court said in State v. Ingram, 237 N.C. 197, 74 S.E.2d 532: "So that it seems well settled that in order to constitute the criminal offense of assault there must be an overt act or an attempt, or the unequivocal appearance of an attempt, with force and violence, to do some immediate physical injury to the person of another." There is no evidence in the case tending to show that defendant committed an assault on Elaine Saunders, and, therefore, the court properly did not instruct the jury that they could return a verdict of Guilty of an assault on a female, but correctly instructed them that they could return one of two verdicts, as set forth above. State v. Jones, 249 N.C. 134, 105 S.E.2d 513; State v. Brown, 227 N.C. 383, 42 S.E.2d 402. The only other assignment of error is to the judgment, which is overruled. In the trial below we find No error. BOBBITT, J., concurs in result. HIGGINS and RODMAN, JJ., dissent. Allegations 'crazy mixture of falsehoods, conjectures': Chidambaram New Delhi, Sep 25 (IANS) Former Finance Minister P Chidambaram on Monday lashed out at the Enforcement Directorate saying its allegations against him and his son Karti in

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1626, 3968, 64, 1157, 854, 13, 1884, 13, 5910, 28, 388, 25406, 13, 795, 2302, 7612, 951, 3856, 64, 1157, 25098, 13, 23917, 13, 24521, 15 ]

otism_. 28. 28. Balch, _A Patriotic Primer_ ; O'Leary, _To Die For_ , chaps. 9 and 10, 192. 29. 29. Goldstein, _Saving "Old Glory,"_ 93–94; O'Leary, _To Die For_ , 244. 30. 30. Canaday, _Straight State_ , 19–20. 31. 31. Peiss, _Cheap Amusements_ , 165, 178; Kunzel, _Fallen Women, Problem Girls_. 32. 32. O'Hare, _In Prison_ , 12. 33. 33. Bristow, _Making Men Moral_ , 221–29. 34. 34. Brandt, _No Magic Bullet_ , 59; Bristow, _Making Men Moral_ , 130; Canaday, _Straight State_ , 60–61, 64–65. 35. 35. Dietzler, _Detention Houses and Reformatories_ , 3, 4, 11, 69, 74. 36. 36. Falconer, "Segregation of Delinquent Women," 161, 165, 166. 37. 37. Bristow, _Making Men Moral_ , 119. 38. 38. Brandt, _No Magic Bullet_ , 74, 88. 39. 39. McGirr, _War on Alcohol_ , xiv, 69, 71. 40. 40. Dwight D. Eisenhower, "Executive Order 10450," April 27, 1953, 18 FR 2489, 3 CFR, 1949–1953 Comp., 936; D'Emilio, _Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities_ , 40–52; Gebhard and Johnson, _Kinsey Data_ , 591; Duberman, _Cures_ , 20. 41. 41. Platt, _Bloodlines_. 42. 42. Ibid., 60–65. 43. 43. Kühl, _Nazi Connection_ ; Platt, _Bloodlines_ , 59, 61. 44. 44. Platt, _Bloodlines_ , 59, 61, 125, 135; Popenoe and Johnson, _Applied Eugenics_ , 284–85, 319. 45. 45. Popenoe and Johnson, _Applied Eugenics_ , 301. 46. 46. Amy LaPan and Tony Platt, "'To Stem the Tide of Degeneracy,'" in Kirk, _Mental Disorders in the Social Environment_ , 139–64; Kunzel, _Fallen Women_ , 44, 54; Walkowitz, "Making of a Feminine Professional Identity"; Addams, _A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil_ , 131. 47. 47. A. Stern, _Eugenic Nation_ , 100, 102; Kline, _Building a Better Race_ ; Ordover, _American Eugenics_. 48. 48. Blue, _Doing Time in the Depression_ ; Blue, "Strange Career of Leo Stanley"; Nourse, _In Reckless Hands_ ; Buck v. Bell, 247 U.S. 200, 207 (1927); Skinner v. Oklahoma ex rel. Williamson, 316 U.S. 535, 541 (1942). 49. 49. J. H. Dodge to E. S. Gosney, July 26, 1926, box 16.5, Gosney Papers; Paul Popenoe to John Randolph Haynes, March 14, 1930, box 77, Human Betterment Foundation folder, Haynes Papers; John Randolph Haynes, "Millions of Human Beings," box 84, insanity folder, ca. 1918, Haynes Papers; John Randolph Haynes Foundation, "John Randolph Haynes," http://www.haynesfoundation.org/about/index.asp. 50. 50. Novak et al., _Ethnic Bias_ ; Chávez-García, _States of Delinquency_ , 136; Molina, _Fit to Be Citizens?_ , 146–49. 51. 51. Chávez-García, _States of Delinquency_ , 63–68, 71–72; Terman, _The Measurement of Intelligence_ , 92. 52. 52. Kline, _Building a Better Race_ ; Ordover, _American Eugenics_. 53. 53. Briggs, _Reproducing Empire_ , 102, 143; A. Davis, "Racism, Birth Control, and Reproductive Rights," in _Women, Race, and Class_ , 202–21; Ordover, _American Eugenics_ , 161–78. 54. 54. Woodside, _Sterilization in North Carolina_ , xiv, 163; Ordover, _American Eugenics_ , 165; Begos et al., _Against Their Will_ , 1. 55. 55. Begos et al., _Against Their Will_ , 9. 56. 56. Ibid., 12–13. 57. 57. Ibid., 3, 71–72, 95. 58. 58. L. Gordon, _Moral Property of Women_ ; Black Panther Intercommunal News Service, "Sterilization: Another Part of the Plan of Black Genocide," _Black Panther_ , May 8, 1971, 15; Ordover, _American Eugenics_ , 153. 59. 59. A. Stern, "Sterilized in the Name of Public Health"; Corey G. Johnson, "Female Inmates Sterilized in California Prisons Without Approval," _Center for Investigative_ _Reporting_ , July 7, 2013, http://cironline.org/reports/female-inmates-sterilized-california-prisons-without-approval-4917; Alexandra Minna Stern and Tony Platt, "Sterilization Abuse in State Prisons: Time to Break with California's Long Eugenic Patterns," _Huffington Post_ , July 23, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alex-stern/sterilization-california-prisons_b_3631287.html. 60. 60. Herrnstein and Murray, _Bell Curve_ , 532–33, 551. 61. 61. Wilson, "Rediscovery of Character," 3; Steele, "New Sovereignty," 54; Himmelfarb, _On Looking into the Abyss_ , 43; Bennett, _Index of Leading Cultural Indicators_ , 12; Olasky, _Tragedy of American Compassion_ , 1, 9, 16. 62. 62. Roosevelt, "Memorial Day Address"; Donald J. Trump, "The Inaugural Address," January 20, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/inaugural-address; O'Leary, _To Die For_ , chap. 12; Trump, _Time to Get Tough_ , 107, 110, 113, 114, 137, 149, 150. 63. 63. Trump, _America We Deserve_ , 29, 94, 99; Liz Goodwin, "A 1990s Mugging and the Roots of Donald Trump's Hardline Criminal Justice Views," _Yahoo News_ , May 25, 2016, https://www.yahoo.com/news/1990s-mugging-roots-donald-trump-000000780.html; Yamiche Alcindor, "In Trump Tweets, Blacks Perceive a Callous Rival," _New York Times,_ January 16, 2017; Donald J. Trump, "Bring Back the Death Penalty," advertisement in four New York newspapers, May 1, 1989; Trump, "Inaugural Address." 64. 64. Robert E. Moffit, Edwin Meese III, and Patrick F. Fagan, "Crime: Turning the Tide in America," in Butler and Holmes, _Issues '98_ , 236. **7. RADICAL VISIONS** 1. 1. Jack London, "'Pinched,'" in H. Franklin, _Prison Writing in 20th-Century America_ , 49; Debs, _Walls and Bars_ , 91. 2. 2. Bhabha, _Nation and Narration_ , 4; P. Levi, _Drowned and the Saved_ , 29. 3. 3. Paul Goodman, introduction to Berkman, _Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist_ , iii; Braly, _False Starts_ , 47. 4. 4. Debs, _Walls and Bars_ , 49; A. Walker, _In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens_ , 240. 5. 5. Reed, _Life and Adventures of a Haunted Convict_ , xvii, 217–18. 6. 6. Suvak, _Memoirs of American Prisons_ ; Morris, _Jailhouse Journalism_. 7. 7. H. Franklin, _Prison Literature in America_ , xxx; B. Jackson, _Wake Up Dead Man_ , 2; H. Franklin, _Prison Writing in 20th-Century America_ , 8, 30, 34; Haley, _No Mercy Here_ , 213, 215, 216.

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03049]\]. However, due to a variety of interfering factors \[[@B15-sensors-20-03049],[@B16-sensors-20-03049],[@B17-sensors-20-03049]\], the weighing error in WIM systems can amount to from 5% to 10% and, what is worse, this can change while the system is in operation \[[@B18-sensors-20-03049]\]. We have written about this topic previously, demonstrating that the main causes of the instability of the system are changes in pavement temperature and the speed of the weighed vehicle \[[@B17-sensors-20-03049]\]. The low precision of weighing and its variability mean that WIM systems cannot be used for direct mass enforcement. We are convinced that the currently state of technology does, however, make it possible to construct a WIM system which will meet the requirements set for direct enforcement systems, i.e., where the vehicle weighing error will be maintained over a long period of time at the level of 2%--3%. The climate conditions in which WIM systems operate are subject to change both on a daily scale and over the course of the seasons \[[@B19-sensors-20-03049],[@B20-sensors-20-03049],[@B21-sensors-20-03049]\]. We discovered that the factors which most impact the precision of weighing in WIM systems are pavement quality and temperature, vehicle speed, wind speed and direction, and the state of the vehicle's suspension \[[@B16-sensors-20-03049],[@B17-sensors-20-03049],[@B22-sensors-20-03049]\]. The subject of previous research of the authors was primarily the influence of temperature and speed. The load sensors tested were polymer, quartz and bending plate sensors. The tests were carried out in the scope of temperature changes from −10 °C to +30 °C. In the case of polymer sensors, this resulted in a change in weighing result of 50%, for quartz sensors by 7% and for bending plate sensors by 7% \[[@B16-sensors-20-03049]\]. Sensitivity of these sensors to the change of speed of the weighed vehicle is different. For polymer sensors, a speed change in the range from 50 km/h to 90 km/h changes the weighing result by \~10%, for quartz sensors by \~4%--5% and for bending plate sensors by \~2% \[[@B17-sensors-20-03049],[@B23-sensors-20-03049]\]. Studies on the impact of wind direction and power are at an early stage and do not yet allow drawing reliable conclusions. The unevenness of the surface also has a significant impact on weighing accuracy. However, it is limited by formulating requirements that must be met by the road surface at the WIM installation site. As can be seen from the characteristics that we developed, which are presented in [Figure 1](#sensors-20-03049-f001){ref-type="fig"}, in the climate conditions which prevail in Poland, in the summer months the daily temperature fluctuation may cause a weighing error of as much as 10%. This phenomenon is observed regardless of the technology used for the manufacture of the axle load sensors. For obvious reasons, this variability in the precision of weighing is unacceptable for enforcement systems. Unfortunately, such variability in precision cannot be eliminated using traditional, periodic methods of calibration of WIM systems, as these changes take place too quickly. A solution for this problem was first proposed by Stanczyk \[[@B24-sensors-20-03049]\], who introduced the so-called algorithm of autocalibration of WIM systems. This was further developed and improved by one of the authors of this paper, Burnos, and the results of his research were published in 2012 \[[@B25-sensors-20-03049]\]. Although autocalibration is currently widely used in WIM systems, it does not deliver sufficient weighing precision to satisfy the requirements for enforcement systems. A symptom of malfunctioning of implemented autocalibration algorithms is sensitivity of weighing results to changes in temperature above all. Observing this phenomenon was an inspiration for us to undertake this research. For this reason, in this paper we propose an innovative approach to the construction of an autocalibration algorithm by optimisation of algorithm parameters for the specific environmental conditions which prevail at a given WIM site. The results of our simulation and experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the solution proposed. The aim of our studies was the quantitative definition of the impact of the parameters of the autocalibration algorithm, the uncertainty of reference value, and of the usage conditions of such a WIM system on vehicle weighing precision which is obtained after optimising algorithm parameters. The results and conclusions presented in this work allow the development of a solution that can significantly reduce the sensitivity of weighing results to slowly changing influencing factors. The paper is organized as follows. In [Section 2](#sec2-sensors-20-03049){ref-type="sec"}, we present the models of the usage conditions that were assumed for the purposes of the simulation studies. In [Section 3](#sec3-sensors-20-03049){ref-type="sec"}, we describe the autocalibration algorithm which we propose. [Section 4](#sec4-sensors-20-03049){ref-type="sec"} contains a discussion of the simulation studies which we conducted using the accepted models. In [Section 5](#sec5-sensors-20-03049){ref-type="sec"}, we present the results of our experimental studies conducted at an in-road site, which confirm the results formulated previously on the basis of the simulation studies. In the conclusion, we present the basic formulations which result from the studies we conducted. 2. Models of Usage Conditions of WIM Systems {#sec2-sensors-20-03049} ============================================ We conducted simulation studies of the autocalibration algorithm of WIM systems for established environmental conditions. As the factor which has the greatest impact on changes in precision of weighing in WIM systems is fluctuation of the pavement temperature, it was chosen for the interfering quantity of the measurement. Usage conditions of the WIM system are thus defined by the sensitivity of load sensors to temperature change. Temperature variability in the pavement observed in Polish climate conditions is illustrated by the exemplary characteristics shown in [Figure 2](#sensors-20-03049-f002){ref-type="fig"}. As it can be seen, in the summer months the daily change in temperature exceeds 20 °C, or even greater. The range of temperature fluctuation in the scale of the year is substantial and can sometimes exceed 70 °C. In the model, which we adopted for the purposes of the simulation studies, we assumed that the daily temperature change of the pavement displays a periodic series Ta as shown in Equation (1). Model (1) is simplified compared to the characteristics shown in [Figure 2](#sensors-20-03049-f002){ref-type="fig"}. It allows, however, to easily change the frequency and range of temperature changes in subsequent simulation experiments. It also allows simulation of the WIM system operating conditions much more critical than it results from the characteristics presented in [Figure 2](#sensors-20-03049-f002){ref-type="fig"}. The rest of the paper presents the results of tests analogous to simulation tests, but carried out for experimental data in accordance with [Figure 2](#sensors-20-03049-f002){ref-type="fig"}. The results of these tests confirmed the conclusions formulated based on simulation tests. Arbitrarily set values of these coefficients correspond to the average working conditions of the WIM system, i.e., the period of temperature change equal to 24 h, the range of its changes 0 °C--20 °C, the average value 10 °C. They were changed in subsequent simulation experiments. $$T_{a} = T_{0} + A_{temp}\sin{({2\pi tf_{temp}})},$$ where: *f~temp~* = 1---frequency of temperature change \[cycles/24h\], *A~temp~* = 10---amplitude of temperature change \[°C\], *T*~0~ = 10---constant component \[°C\], *t*---time \[h\]. The relation of load sensor sensitivity *C~t~* to temperature depends on the sensor technology ([Figure 1](#sensors-20-03049-f001){ref-type="fig"}). As shown in our previous studies \[[@B16-sensors-20-03049]\] on polymer piezoelectric sensors mounted in asphalt pavements, this relation is described by model (2). Model coefficients (2) were determined as a result of approximation of the experimental temperature characteristic, which describes the dependence of weighing error on temperature. The tests were conducted in the range of temperature (−10 °C--+25 °C). The model coefficients *k~t~ w~t~* and *b~t~* depend on the type and composition of the material from which the road surface is made. $$C_{t} = b_{t} + k_{t} \cdot 10^{wt \cdot {({Ta - 10})}}$$ where *k~t~* = 0.4659, *w~t~* = 0.0098\[1⁄°C\], *b~t~* = 0.5199, *T~a~*---current pavement temperature value. 3. Autocalibration Algorithm {#sec3-sensors-20-03049} ============================ The idea of autocalibration of WIM systems involves the adjustment of the static characteristic of the system so as to obtain a correct measurement value for a known reference quantity. For this idea to be implemented, a known reference value must be periodically excited the calibrated system together with simultaneous and automatic detection of this state by the calibrated system. In the case of W

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like “added the official, who asked to remain anonymous because he was not authorised to speak to the media. However, it is not clear if Riyadh and Tehran are willing to accept Pakistan as a mediator.” . If someone wants to be anonymous then any information he is providing is as good or authentic as opinion of barber down the street.Recommend Pakistan is clearly fooling its citizens by not revealing the content of the talks behind closed doors or the kind of deal struck to be a partner of this coalition. Saudi FM and DM have not come to Pakistan to ask for advise on diffusing the crisis between it and Iran, they have come to cement some deal worked out much earlier between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The Truth will get exposed sooner or later and cause a lot of embarrassment. Recommend Culturally, Pakistan is closer to Iran (mainly because Saudi does not really have a culture) but diplomatically Pakistan has always been in Saudi’s bed. Something tells me this tension diffusion gig ain’t gonna work, and as another poster indicated, something else is on the agenda.Recommend Good Relations should prevail, There are more Pakistanis in UAE who have lost their jobs in the past 1 year than any other nationality. Jobs possessed by Pakistanis previously are now being given to Philippine Nationals, and there’s “Almost” a Consistent Block on offering new Jobs to Pakistanis in UAE. Indians and Philippines are being preferred over Pakistanis and it appears as if there’s an unconditional understanding among employers to say “NO” to Pakistanis in the job market in the Arab world. Philippine Does not have Coalition with Arabs nor does Indians do, but they’re preferred over Pakistanis in Arab countries. Qatar, Oman, Bahrain has Banned to offer new jobs to all Pakistanis. Considering Pakistan’s Unconditional Support to Arab world, Pakistanis should possess better standard in Arab world compared to other nationalities who do not have Coalition with Arabs and that’s just simple. This is exactly how the world operations, Look at the European Union and other Economic and Trade blocks among different nations. Countries having common interest and goals and coalitions, support each others countrymen, after all this is what the coalitions are all about. Pakistan national’s status should even be above than the European workers “As long as they qualify for that job in term of Qualification, Experience and Skills” but that does not even come close, Pakistanis are ranked lower than all other nationalities in Arab world currently, even lower than Philippine and Indians. Let me put an example, if there’re three people applying for a same job (including Pakistani, Indian and Philippines) with same qualification and experience, the preference will be given to Philippine or an Indian, Pakistani national wouldn’t even get his due time in the interview. What good is the coalition if Pakistanis can’t even get jobs in the Arab world. Kudos to Indians and Philippines for achieving the better status without being part of the coalition. This analysis is based on nine months of consistent observation and job search process but still staying jobless in UAE (Dubai).RecommendApply R3 Successfully and Save $100! How can you increase your chances of gaining admission to your top choice MBA program R3? Create an application that proves you’re top b-school material and worthy of one of the few Round 3 slots by utilizing Accepted.com’s stellar MBA/EMBA services. And now, for a limited time only, you can save $100 on every non-rush MBA or EMBA service totaling $1200 or more – that’s a huge savings to encourage you to get the assistance you need in acing your Round 3 applications.Q: Can't bind to scope using vm. notation in controller/html I am building an update form using a route parameter to get the ID of the item I need. This is working as intended. Part of having the update form is to retrieve stored values and bind them to the form. If I have my model set to something like this: <input type="text" class="form-control" id="Event_Desc" data-ng-model="eventdescription" required /> And my controller is set as follows (note, that is calling a REST service using ng-resource). appItem.get({ Id: $routeParams.Id }, function (result) { $scope.eventdescription = result.Title; }); It will properly set the field value to the value stored in the database on the form. However, if I attempt to use vm. notation as follows, it returns an error of "Unable to set property 'eventdescription' of undefined or null reference" HTML: <input type="text" class="form-control" id="Event_Desc" data-ng-model="vm.eventdescription" required /> Controller: appItem.get({ Id: $routeParams.Id }, function (result) { $scope.vm.eventdescription = result.Title; }); Why can't I set the $scope of vm.eventdescription? A: try to instantiate vm before use it like this $scope.vm = {}; appItem.get({ Id: $routeParams.Id }, function (result) { $scope.vm.eventdescription = result.Title; }); Q: Shiur of "Miut Hamatzui" A "miut hamatzui" is a phrased used to express a case where because of a small concern that something exists, or might happened, or does happen that the halacha is affected by this. An example is if there is a certain type of "treifah" by a kosher animal that is found in a small amount therefore this must be checked after that animal is shechted. However what is the amount of a "miut hamatzui"? What are the different opinions in this? (I don't feel my explanation of a "miut hamaztui" is adequate enough however it's difficult for me to express in English. Perhaps someone can edit it.) A: Miut Hamatui has four opinions as brought down in the new Yalkut Yosef. 1) Rav Shelomo Zalman Aurbach who holds it is around 10%. 2) Shevet HaLevi who holds it is even less but doesn't specify. 3) Rav Bension Aba Shaul who says around 17%. 4) The opinion of the Rivash and Hacham Yishak Yosef Shelit"a who hold that it is much closer to 50% but doesn't specify. A: Rav Eitam Henkin provides sources for all the various opinions on pages 39-62 of this kuntres. A: Many poskim put it at 10% -- thank you Fred, Mishkenos Yaakov 1:YD17 first puts it that way. (See Rabbi JD Bleich's "Is the Milk We Drink Kosher?" in Tradition). This is the general OU opinion. We find the figure of 10% by combining a law in Terumot -- about whether you must check that a bottle of wine in the case has spoiled before taking terumah from the batch -- with a law in Bava Basra -- about 10% being the normal spoilage rate when selling a case of wine. The next question becomes -- 10% of what? Do I say "so long as the odds of eating a bug is <10% in this serving of lettuce, I can eat this serving"? Or perhaps we need "so long as the odds of finding a bug in this bag is <10%, I can buy this bag"? Or perhaps we even need "I can buy this case of lettuce without checking only if the odds of finding a bug anywhere in it are <10%"? Nothing ruins a great day in the outdoors quite like getting attacked by hordes of insects. But unless you fancy the idea of spraying chemicals all over your body, you’ve just got to suck it up right? Wrong. With this guide, discover how you can create your own healthy, kid-friendly bug spray that will protect you from insects and the harmful effects of commercial bug sprays. You’ll need the following: To make bug spray, you’ll want to get two spray bottles and pour an equal amount of witch hazel into each – split it in half, to be exact. Once you’ve done this, do the same for each of the other oils, splitting the quantities in half between the two bottles. And that’s it! See? No harsh chemicals or strange processes. What’s great about this bug spray is that it doesn’t have the harsh smell that traditional bug sprays carry. It also doesn’t feel sticky on your skin. So there you go! Enjoy the great outdoors without worrying about being eaten alive or bathing yourself in chemicals. Jesse Hermanis a contributing staff writer for REALfarmacy.com. He writes and produces video at PowerfulPrimates.com. Jesse began his alternative health journey after chronic back pain and has not looked back since. Follow him on Youtube and Facebook (also more Facebook), broadcasting out of Brazil, Florida, and in a dark distant cave (with internet).The forgotten Gods The battle for the Oath Unspoken 8 JUL/16 The group headed back to Aristide An

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down from perches such as telephone poles and posts in open country to catch rodents, and they may also hover to spot prey. They are usually seen alone or in pairs. Their voice is the familiar keeer! The western adult is illustrated. Kites, Hawks, Eagles Rough-legged Hawk, Buteo lagopus Family Accipitridae (Kites, Hawks, Eagles) Size: 21" Season: Winter Habitat: Open country, areas near cliffs The rough-legged hawk is a relatively long-winged and long-tailed buteo with a proportionately small bill and feet. Two color phases exist (light and dark), with the light phase being most common. It is mottled dark brown or grayish above and mixed creamy white and dark brown below, often with a concentration of dark at the belly, especially in females. In flight the central part of the wing is white, contrasting with darker coverts and tips of the flight feathers. The tail has a white base and a dark subterminal band. The legs are feathered for Arctic conditions (hence the common name). Rough-legged hawks search for small mammals or ground birds from a perch or while in flight, often hovering overhead. The light-phase adult is illustrated. Falcons American Kestrel, Falco sparverius Family Falconidae (Falcons) Size: 10" Season: Year-round Habitat: Open country, urban areas North America's most common falcon, the American kestrel is a tiny, robin-size falcon with long, pointed wings and tail. Fast in flight, it hovers above fields or dives from its perch on branches or a wire to capture small animals and insects. The upperparts are rufous and barred with black, the wings are blue gray, and the breast is buff or white and streaked with black spots. The head is patterned with a gray crown and vertical patches of black on the face. The female has rufous wings and a barred tail. Also known as the sparrow hawk, it has a habit of flicking its tail up and down while perched. The adult male is illustrated. Falcons Merlin, Falco columbarius Family Falconidae (Falcons) Size: 10"–12" (females larger than males) Season: Year-round Habitat: Open country, woodland edges, coastlines, farmland The merlin is a pugnacious, stocky falcon, slightly larger and heavier than a kestrel, with pointed wings and a short, stubby bill. Three subspecies are recognized and vary by the degree of dark coloration. In general, the upperparts are some shade of gray (in males) or brown (in females) with variable amounts of light- to dark-brown streaking. Light individuals have only a faint moustachial patch, while dark individuals may have a mostly dark head. Merlins pursue small birds in direct, powerful flight or in sudden stoops. The adult male is illustrated. Falcons Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus Family Falconidae (Falcons) Size: 22", female larger than male Season: Winter Habitat: Open country near cliffs The gyrfalcon is a large, powerful falcon of the far north with a long tail and somewhat more-rounded wings than other falcons. Three color morphs exist—white, gray, and dark—with the gray being most common. It is slate gray above, heavily barred with white and gray below, and has dark facial markings across the eye and malar area. The white morph is snow white with dark-gray mottling on the back, tail, and wings. Gyrfalcons pursue birds and mammals up to duck and rabbit size in direct flight on stiff wings. The adult gray phase is illustrated. Falcons Peregrine Falcon, Falco peregrinus Family Falconidae (Falcons) Size: 17"; female larger than male Season: Summer Habitat: Open country, cliffs, urban areas, coastal areas The peregrine falcon is a powerful and agile raptor with long, sharply pointed wings. It is dark slate gray above and pale whitish below, with uniform barring below the breast. The head has a distinctive "helmet," with a white ear patch and chin contrasting with the blackish face and crown. Juveniles are mottled brown overall with heavy streaking on the underside. Peregrine falcons attack other birds in flight using spectacular high-speed aerial dives. Once threatened by DDT pollution that caused thinning of their eggshells, they have made a dramatic comeback. The adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Yellow Rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 7" Season: Summer Habitat: Marshes, wetland areas with dense grasses and sedges The yellow rail is a tiny rail, only slightly larger than the diminutive black rail, that is rarely seen due to its elusive and secretive habits. It seeks the shelter of dense vegetation, runs rather than flies when alarmed, and its voice, a series of tic-tic-tic notes, is often the only indication of its presence. The body is compact and plump with a short neck, short tail, and a stubby bill. The plumage is pale yellowish brown with alternating back and buff stripes, crossed with thick, white crescents along the back. On the head is a small, dark cap, a broad eye stripe, and a yellow or grayish bill. Juveniles show white speckles on the head and neck. In flight the white inner secondaries and underwing bases are revealed. The adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Black Rail, Laterallus jamaicensis Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 6" Season: Summer Habitat: Saltwater or freshwater wetlands The black rail is a rare, diminutive, secretive rail that is difficult to see as it skulks in dense wetland vegetation. It is plump with a short tail and bill and has bright-red eyes. The plumage is dark gray brown above and slatey gray below, with white spotting across the back and flanks and a rust patch across the upper shoulders. Both sexes and juveniles are similar. Black rails are active mostly at night, voicing a ragged kik-a dow, or low cooing sound. They will often run rather than fly when disturbed. They forage among grasses for aquatic invertebrates, plants, and seeds. The adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Virginia Rail, Rallus limicola Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 9.5" Season: Summer Habitat: Freshwater or brackish marshes The Virginia rail is a small, secretive, cryptic marsh bird with a proportionately long, reddish, downcurved bill. Its plumage is rusty brown overall with darker streaking on the back and black-and-white barring about the flanks. The head has a dark crown and lores and a gray face. The legs are thick, with long toes for support in the aquatic habitat. Virginia rails are active mostly at dawn and dusk, skulking through vegetation, probing the mud for worms, aquatic invertebrates, and plants. Their voice is a quick, repetitive, two- or three-part kik-kik. The adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Sora, Porzana carolina Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 9" Season: Summer Habitat: Marshes, meadows The sora is a small, short-tailed, chicken-shaped rail with long, thin toes. Its plumage is mottled rusty brown above and grayish below with white barring along the belly and sides. The head has a black patch between the eye and bill, and the bill is yellow and conical. The tail is pointed and often cocked up and flicked. The juvenile is pale brown below, with less black on the face. Soras feed along shorelines or at the edges of meadows for snails, insects, and aquatic plants. Their voice is a soft, rising ooo-EEP, and they are quite tame, being seen more often than other rails. The breeding adult is illustrated. Rails, Coots Clapper Rail, Rallus longirostris Family Rallidae (Rails, Coots) Size: 14" Season: Summer Habitat: Coastal saltwater or brackish marshes Also known as the marsh hen, the clapper rail is very shy and difficult to see. It lurks through marshy vegetation and usually chooses to walk or swim rather than fly. It forages by probing through mud and grass for a variety of small prey, vocalizing harsh, clattering kek-kek-kek sounds in rapid succession. It is a relatively thin rail with a long, slightly decurved

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ln-1* and *zyx-1*. This trend in burrowing mirrored the trend we observed in 2D chemotaxis assays (Fig. [6b](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}, right). This concordance in outcomes from 2D and 3D chemotaxis reveal that these mutants have locomotory defects, which are documented equally using either assay. When we tested mutants with defects in dense bodies only, we found that these mutants also performed worse than wild-type with their ranking in terms of burrowing outcome decreasing as *dyc-1* \> *uig-1* \> *pfn-3* \> *atn-1* (Fig. [6c](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}, left). Interestingly, we found incongruence between 2D and 3D chemotaxis outcomes for some of the mutants in this cohort. In particular, *dyc-1* and *uig-1* did not show differences in 2D chemotaxis indices compared to wild-type animals, but they performed poorly in burrowing (Fig. [6c](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}, right). *pfn-3* showed a higher chemotaxis index compared with wild-type but failed to burrow effectively. Thus, while chemotaxis is an essential component of the burrowing assay, our results show that the mechanical resistance offered during burrowing can reveal differences in muscle mutants that are difficult to discern from standard 2D chemotaxis assays on agar plates. ### Modulating assay conditions to phenotype a mitochondrial mutant {#Sec11} Fixed assay conditions might miss the dynamic range of difference for some strains. However, our assay offers the flexibility of varying the gel height as well as concentration to increase the depth of phenotypic analysis. Here, we subjected *gei-8(gk693)* mutants to different assay conditions to reveal phenotypic differences from wild-type animals. *gei-8* encodes a homolog of the vertebrate nuclear receptor corepressor NCoR, known as a negative regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis^[@CR38]^. Skeletal muscle-specific knock-out of NCoR1 in mice increased muscle mass and mitochondrial number and activity^[@CR38]^. RNAi-mediated knock-down of *gei-8* in *C. elegans* increased muscle mitochondrial load and oxygen consumption rate^[@CR38]^. *gei-8(gk693)* animals have a 1 kb deletion in the *gei-8* promoter region and, therefore, the potential for a modified *gei-8* expression level. Our burrowing assay with 26% w/w PF-127 and two distinct gel heights (0.7 and 0.88 cm) revealed no significant difference between *gei-8(gk693)* and wild-type animals (Fig. [7a](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}). Given that wild-type animals have the minimum burrowing ability at 30% w/w gel concentration (Fig. [2a](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}), we were interested in seeing if *gei-8(gk693)* would behave similarly to wild type or manifest a different response to increased gel stiffness. Interestingly, increasing the gel concentration to 30% w/w dropped the burrowing percentage of wild type to 50% at the 2 hr timepoint, while it remained around 80% for *gei-8* (Fig. [7b](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}), suggesting that *gei-8* displays locomotory prowess superior to wild type when challenged. Although consequences of the *gei-8(gk693)* mutation on muscle strength and/or endurance remain to be clarified, and the biology of NCoR1 is likely to have complex physiology, the important aspect of the burrowing assay we highlight is that tuning the assay conditions can reveal novel and additional information about muscle function and animal behavior.Figure 7Tuning the burrowing assay conditions can reveal phenotypic differences. Testing the burrowing performance of wild type and *gei-8(gk693)* mutant in two different assay conditions of (**a**) a taller gel height, and (**b**) a higher gel concentration. N = 31 and 32 for wild-type and *gei-8(gk693)*, respectively. Data was collected from 6 replicates. \*\*P ≤ 0.01. ### Sorting and recovery of sub-populations for downstream molecular analysis {#Sec12} One of the interesting features of the burrowing assay is that not all the animals reach the attractant at the same time, i.e. some individuals burrow quickly compared with others in the population. Since nearly all animals remain at the top once they reach the food source, the Pluronic-based burrowing assay provides a simple way of sorting and recovering sub-populations of animals for downstream molecular analysis. Here, we harness this feature of the assay and show that gene expression analysis can be conducted to compare the fast burrowers with the slower ones. We tested wild-type burrowers that reached the attractant the quickest compared with animals that were slower in burrowing and did not reach the surface within two hours (Fig. [8](#Fig8){ref-type="fig"}). We then addressed whether the faster burrowers might have some differential muscle gene expression that facilitates faster movement to the surface. We selected ten body wall muscle genes known to be downregulated in expression as the animal ages^[@CR39]^, including troponin (*unc-27*, *tnt-2, mup-2*), tropomyosin (*lev-11*), paramyosin (*unc-15*), titin (*zig-12*), calponin (*unc-87*), muscle myosin regulatory light chains (*mlc-1*) and myosin heavy chains (*unc-54*, *myo-3*) (See Table [S2](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"} for additional description of these genes). We used well documented genes *cdc-42* and Y45F10D.4 to normalize expression data (Table [S3](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"})^[@CR40]^. Cycle threshold (Ct) values from qPCR indicated slightly lower values in slow burrowers; since lower Ct values reflect higher the expression level, the expression level of these two housekeeping genes is not reduced in the slow burrowers (Table S4).Figure 8Muscle-specific gene expression in fast burrowers compared to slow burrowers. Normalized gene expression scores are shown as ratios for the successful burrowing class (among the top 10--15% that reached the top faster) to the levels for slower animals that remained in the gel by the end of the two-hour time period. *zig-12, unc-27*, and *mup-2* were expressed significantly more for fast burrower animals in comparison to slower ones. Experiments were conducted with Day 1 adults. N = 30 animals with three replicates. Error bars are standard deviation. \*P ≤ 0.05, \*\*P ≤ 0.01, \*\*\*P ≤ 0.001. We found that *zig-12, unc-27* and *mup-2* were expressed at significantly higher levels in faster burrowers (Fig. [8](#Fig8){ref-type="fig"}), while the remaining genes did not show significant expression differences. However, we did note a consistent upward trend in the selected 10 genes. In a follow-up experiment, we found two other muscle genes not upregulated in fast burrowers (See Fig. [S6](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). These findings indicate potential natural expression variation within a genetically identical population and holds potential to indicate the molecular components that might improve burrowing efficiency and locomotory prowess. ### Testing disease models of protein aggregation {#Sec13} *C. elegans* is widely used to model human diseases^[@CR1]^ including muscular dystrophies^[@CR5],[@CR41]^ and neurodegenerative disorders^[@CR6]^. Here, we show the utility of our burrowing assay in phenotyping *C. elegans* strains that model proteotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders, specifically Huntington and Parkinson's diseases. Polyglutamine expansions cause Huntington disease^[@CR42]^, while α-synuclein is a key protein implicated in Parkinson's disease^[@CR43]^, both of which can result in toxic aggregates disrupting cellular function. We focused on evaluating burrowing performance of *C. elegans* strains expressing either YFP-tagged polyglutamine (polyQ) or YFP-tagged α-synuclein. The polyQ strains had Q35 and Q40 expressed in body wall muscle using the myosin promoter^[@CR44]^, and Q67 and Q86 were expressed in neurons^[@CR45]^. For the Parkinson's disease model, human α-synuclein protein was expressed under the myosin promoter^[@CR46]^. The results from the burrowing experiments, which were conducted with day 1 adults, are shown in Fig. [9](#Fig9){ref-type="fig"}. For the transgenic lines that expressed polyQ in muscle, we found that compared to wild-type, Q35-expressing animals were not deficient in their burrowing while Q40-expressing animals were significantly deficient (Fig. [9a](#Fig9){ref-type="fig"}). One possibility is that this difference could be due to the presence of visible protein aggregates in Q40-expressing animals but their absence in Q35-expressing animals (Fig. [9b](#Fig9){ref-type="fig"}). α-synuclein-expressing animals were even more impaired in their burrowing ability, as

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the drive wheel of the rotation apparatus is adjusted manually to an appropriate distance from the fixed winding position of the gripping pins, or the winding position of the gripping pins is adjusted to an appropriate distance from the fixed operating position of the drive wheel. In both cases, the adjustment is merely approximate, since the accuracy of adjustment is totally dependent on the professional skill and experience of the operator making the adjustments. Prior art winding machines have a single preset pressure value, as a result of which the drive wheel wears down too rapidly, and the drum is liable to damage. Even in cases where manual adjustment of the pressure is possible, the accuracy of adjustment is nevertheless totally dependent on the professional skill and experience of the operator.Chris Illuminati Are you lazy? Do you not want to deal with the fuss of breaking up with your significant other? Do you want to drop a blatant hint without having a three-hour conversation about the relationship? Here is a list of six movies to aid you in the process of breaking up with a girl. Just as watching a fat rodent sticking his head out of a hole has become tradition every February 2nd, so has watching the movie that takes it’s name — it’s Groundhog Day!The Bill Murray film is a classic and loved by millions, especially everyone watching it right this very moment on TV (it’s playi… An obsessed Jessica Simpson fan has taken his love for the star to novel heights. Marce William Burchell who, after allegedly stalking Simpson for years, decided to pen and self-publish a book about the object of his affection.The best part? The book’s insane title: ‘The True Story of Jessica Ann Si… Normally a lawsuit involving a fast food chain and a patron has something to do with the food. In the case of Martin Kessman versus White Castle the main complaint by Mr. Kessman is that the restaurant’s booths aren’t big enough. Online Dish explains how his local Whi…Q: Get the time taken by executing cmd command in java how i can get the time taken by a certain cmd command called from java suppose i am issuing icmp request String icmpRequest= "ping 192.168.3.3"; Runtime.getRuntime().exec(icmpRequest); after the exec is called my function will complete to the next line. is there a way to know the time consumed by execution of this command or to stop this thread until this process is finished. can we say that the process is finished after the inputstream of the process return data BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); //reads the outputs String inputLine = in.readLine(); if(inpuLine!=null) System.out.println("process finished"); A: exec returns a Process which you can use: long start = System.nanoTime(); Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(icmpRequest); p.waitFor(); long end = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println("it took: " + ((end - start) / 1000000) + "ms"); Note: if you want to continue doing other things while the process completes, you can call it from a separate thread. Joey Elwood Joey Elwood is one of the co-founders of Gotee Records, along with the other Gotee Brothers, Toby McKeehan and Todd Collins. The record label was created when, after failing to find a label willing to sign the group Out of Eden, Elwood, McKeehan, and Collins decided to produce Lovin' the Day on their own. Of the creation of Gotee Records, Elwood recalls, ""We all collectively said, 'Let's just give this a shot.' At the risk of sounding unprofessional, it was a very naïve entry into the business. We basically learned every day, on the job, because we had no training for what we were doing, other than we loved music and we produced music. That was the entry point. Three naïve guys, a willing band, and some really good songs." As a member of the Gotee Brothers, Elwood recorded "ERACE -Eliminating Racism and Creating Equality" with Todd Collins and his cousin Toby McKeehan, aka tobyMac. Elwood is a producer in the Christian music market. He noticed the band StorySide:B when it only included two people. He appeared in the documentary "Faith and Fame," which featured tobyMac. References External links Gotee Records Category:Gotee Records artists Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)&FORCE_EVAL METHOD Quickstep &DFT &QS METHOD PM6 &SE &END &END QS &SCF MAX_SCF 0 &END SCF &END DFT &SUBSYS &CELL ABC 20.0 20.0 20.0 PERIODIC NONE &END CELL &COORD C 0.10 0.20 1.00 C -0.10 -0.20 1.00 C 1.00 0.10 0.20 C 1.00 -0.10 -0.20 C -1.00 -0.10 0.20 C -1.00 0.10 -0.20 C 0.20 1.00 0.10 C -0.20 1.00 -0.10 C -0.20 -1.00 0.10 C 0.20 -1.00 -0.10 C 0.10 -0.20 -1.00 C -0.10 0.20 -1.00 &END COORD &PRINT &SYMMETRY MOLECULE CHECK_SYMMETRY T ALL &END &END &END SUBSYS &END FORCE_EVAL &GLOBAL PROJECT G_T RUN_TYPE ENERGY &END GLOBAL THIS is an important Monday Meme Challenge… Aeon and I were very pleased to attend the annual Virtual World Best Practices in Education Conference in SL this past week and weekend. The offerings by some of the best educators and administrators working today were outstanding and very timely, given advances in technology including SecondLife. We took much away from the conference and promise to share much more next time around. We’re both educators and do work in the non-profit arena, but we’ve not shared that much until now. The wonderful group in SL has opened us to new vistas and we look forward to using SL more in our work. Aeon has already brought students in for plays, and that has been extremely successful, so look for us to do more in future. His talk was very interesting and was filled with historical notes about SL and other virtual worlds. He knows the score about so much – the technology, the business, the experience. Indeed he knows this history, has the lay of the current land, and has his eye on the future. His work with High Fidelity is going to take us places; I could feel that energy, and I’m looking forward to it! The second keynote was even more exciting, as new LL CEO Ebbe Linden (Ebbe Altberg) spoke. He shared much about all he is learning – but please understand that he has quite a history with SL and loads of other technologically-involved companies. His leadership is unquestionable, and we think he’s just the right choice for CEO now. He took on the ToS debacle in his talk – and his comments put my already steady heart completely at ease. He has it in hand and my legal eagles were right: it’s mostly a wording (and communication) issue. Our content is ours – and communication seems to be one of Ebbe‘s strong suits. He’s a Twitter guy and I’ve seen him out there, sharing information and responding to questions – and doing so with ease and warmth. And there’s so much more! We’ll be exploring as the future unfolds, so…let’s just say we’re happy and go on. This Challenge from Strawberry Singh is just perfect for the times. Thank you, Berry! Pop over to her magnificent blog and participate! I have a feeling Ebbe will be reading… Meme instructions: Pick up a copy of Flat Ebbe Linden frommy marketplace storefor free and take him to one of your favorite places on the grid. Also, share at least three things that you’d like to tell Ebbe. Please remember to leave a link to your post in the comments and share your Flat Ebbe picture in the Blog memes flickr group. We welcomed Flat Ebbe Linden to The Conservatory at Ce Soir to enjoy the beautiful exhibit by Ranadeep: Fractal Fantasy. Our (Aeon and Mireille’s) comments for Ebbe: Please keep interacting with residents as you have been. THANK YOU for being willing to do that, for understanding how important

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’m sure that will come with more experience. And their customer service has been pretty good for me so far. For now, it does not look like I will be touching Inboard M1, aside from when I want to go boarding with my friend who does not have an electric skateboard. UPDATE: I actually forgot to add one more thing. I LOVE BEING ABLE TO DRAG THIS BEHIND ME. With Inboard M1, I cannot, because either tail or nose would drag on the ground. With the Bamboo GTX, due to its drop through style, I can just drag this behind me, which saves my arms some work out (well, I guess I could use some arm work out, but they get it when I go up the stairs so it’s all good). A full review of this board will come in time, but I want to ride this one a little longer before I actually do a full review. I also have a story coming on my interaction with Inboard’s support. As always, let me know if you have any questions or comments and I’d be more than happy to answer them.--- abstract: 'In this paper we consider a system of spins that consists of two configurations ${{\vec{\sigma}}}^1,{{\vec{\sigma}}}^2\in\Sigma_N=\{-1,+1\}^N$ with Gaussian Hamiltonians $H_N^1({{\vec{\sigma}}}^1)$ and $H_N^2({{\vec{\sigma}}}^2)$ correspondingly, and these configurations are coupled on the set where their overlap is fixed $\{R_{1,2}=N^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^N \sigma_i^1\sigma_i^2 = u_N\}.$ We prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the free energy of this system given that $\lim_{N\to\infty}u_N = u\in[-1,1]$ and give the analogue of the Aizenman-Sims-Starr variational principle that describes this limit via random overlap structures.' author: - | Dmitry Panchenko [^1]\ [*Department of Mathematics*]{}\ [*Massachusetts Institute of Technology*]{}\ title: ' A note on the free energy of the coupled system in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. ' --- Key words: spin glasses, Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. Introduction and main results. ============================== In this paper we will consider a system that consists of two configurations of spins that are coupled by fixing their overlap. Our main goal is to prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the free energy of this system and to give the characterization of this limit via random overlap structures in the sense of Aizenman-Sims-Starr [@ASS]. Let us start by introducing all necessary notations and definitions. For any $N\geq 1,$ let us consider a space $\Sigma_N=\{-1,+1\}^N$ and consider two Hamiltonians $H_N^{\ell}({{\vec{\sigma}}})$ for $\ell=1,2$ on $\Sigma_N$ given by $$H_{N}^{\ell}({{\vec{\sigma}}})=N^{1/2}\sum_{p\geq 1}\frac{a_p^{\ell}}{N^{p/2}} \sum_{i_1,\ldots,i_p}g_{i_1,\ldots,i_p} \sigma_{i_1}\ldots\sigma_{i_p}, \label{Ham}$$ where $(g_{i_1,\ldots,i_p})$ are standard Gaussian random variables independent for all $p\geq 1$ and all $(i_1,\ldots,i_p),$ and the sequences $(a_p^{\ell})_{p\geq 1}$ are such that $$\sum_{p\geq 1} (a_p^{\ell})^2 <\infty. \label{L2}$$ For $\ell,\ell'\in{1,2},$ let us define the functions $\xi_{\ell,\ell'}:[-1,1]\to{\mathbb{R}}$ by $$\xi_{\ell,\ell'}(x)=\sum_{p\geq 1} a_p^{\ell} a_p^{\ell'} x^p \label{xi}$$ so that $$\frac{1}{N}{\mathbb{E}}H_N^{\ell}({{\vec{\sigma}}}^1) H_N^{\ell'}({{\vec{\sigma}}}^2) =\xi_{\ell,\ell'}(R_{1,2}), \label{Rxi}$$ where the overlap $$R_{1,2} =R({{\vec{\sigma}}}^1,{{\vec{\sigma}}}^2) =\frac{1}{N}\sum_{i\leq N}\sigma_i^1\sigma_i^2.$$ The condition (\[L2\]) implies that the functions $\xi_{\ell,\ell'}$ are well-defined and smooth on $[-1,1].$ From now on we will also assume that the sequences $(a_p^{\ell})$ are such that the functions $\xi_{\ell,\ell'}$ are convex on $[-1,1].$ For example, this holds if $a_p^{\ell}=0$ for $p$ odd and $a_p^{\ell}\geq 0$ for $p$ even. We define the functions, $$\theta_{\ell,\ell'}(x)=x\xi_{\ell,\ell'}'(x)-\xi_{\ell,\ell'}(x). \label{theta}$$ The convexity of $\xi_{\ell,\ell'}$ implies that for any $x,y\in [-1,1]$ we have $$\xi_{\ell,\ell'}(x) - x\xi_{\ell,\ell'}'(y)+\theta_{\ell,\ell'}(y)\geq 0. \label{positive}$$ Given $u\in[-1,1],$ let us consider a sequence $(u_N)_{N\geq 1}$ such that for each $N$ we have $u_N=k/N$ for some integer $-N\leq k\leq N$ and such that $\lim_{N\to\infty} u_N=u.$ Given the external fields $h_1, h_2\in{\mathbb{R}},$ we define, $$F_N(u_N)=\frac{1}{N}{\mathbb{E}}\log Z_N(u_N), \label{FN}$$ where $$Z_N(u_N)= \sum_{R_{1,2}=u_N} \exp\Bigl( \sum_{\ell\leq 2} H_N^{\ell}({{\vec{\sigma}}}^{\ell}) + \sum_{\ell\leq 2} h_{\ell} \sum_{i\leq N} \sigma_i^{\ell} \Bigr). \label{ZN}$$ The quantity $F_N(u_N)$ represents the free energy of the set of configurations $\{R_{1,2}=u_N\}.$ The main reason that $u_N$ was chosen of the type $k/N$ is that this set be not empty. Our first goal will be to prove the following. \[Th1\] The limit $$\lim_{N\to\infty}F_N(u_N) = \P(u) \label{limit}$$ exists and depends on $u$ but not on the sequence $(u_N).$ The main idea in the proof of this Theorem is the interpolation method of Guerra-Toninelli which was developed by authors in [@GT] to prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the free energy of one copy of the system with Hamiltonian $H_N^1({{\vec{\sigma}}}).$ They also extended their method in [@GT2] to prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit in a variety of mean field models. In fact, a part of the proof of Theorem \[Th1\] is very similar to the proof of the main result in [@GT2] which was motivated by the idea of restricting to the set of configurations with given overlap introduced by Michel Talagrand in [@SG]. However, the situation considered in Theorem \[Th1\] is slightly different, mainly, due to the fact that we consider the set $\{R_{1,2} = u_N\}$ of configurations with overlap exactly equal to $u_N$ rather than being in the neighborhood of $u_N.$ This will require some additional approximation result, Lemma \[Lemma1\] below. We will prove that the sequence $F_N(u_N)$ can be approximated by a superadditive sequence over the restricted range of indices and apply the following Proposition due to DeBruijn-Erdös [@DBE] (see also Theorem 1.9.1 in [@Steele]). \[Prop1\](DeBruijn-Erdös) If the sequence $(a_N)$ of real numbers satisfies the superadditivity condition $$a_{m+n}\geq a_m+a_n \mbox{ over the restricted range } \frac{1}{2}n\leq m\leq 2n,$$ then $\lim_{n\to\infty}a_n/n = \sup a_n/n.$ Next, we will characterize the limit $\P(u)$ in (\[limit\]) via the analogue of Aizenman-Sims-Starr variational principle [@ASS]. This characterization is motivated by the following idea. In [@Tnew] Michel Talagrand proved a certain replica symmetry breaking upper bound on $F_N(u_N)$ and conjectured that the bound should be precise in the limit, i.

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type-I columns. The [**q$_2$** ]{}exhibits comparable intensities both on type-I and type-III columns. In addition the amplitudes of both modes as well as their ratios vary significantly from column to column of the same type. Bias dependence --------------- The observed intensities of both [**q$_1$** ]{}and [**q$_2$** ]{}modes in the STM images strongly depend on the bias voltages used during scanning. Fig. \[bias\] a) shows a three unit cells wide and 37.5 nm long section, recorded at V$_{bias}$ = -450 mV, where CDW modes modulating neighbouring type-I and type-III columns show varying phase shifts. The modulation along each column is a result of beating between [**q$_1$** ]{}and [**q$_2$** ]{}periodicities confined to the two columns forming a pair. In Fig. \[bias\] b) a small area recorded with bias voltages of -800 mV (top) and -450 mV (bottom) are shown for comparison. The topmost Se atoms are overlaid onto the bottom image. The 1D FT analyses (Fig. \[bias\] c) of such images recorded at different conditions reveal the dependence of the CDW amplitudes on the bias voltage. The [**q$_1$** ]{}mode is dominantly observed on type-I columns at voltages down to -400 mV, while between -400 and -650 mV this mode is equally strong on both, type-I and type-III columns. At even lower voltages the [**q$_1$** ]{}mode is hardly observable. The amplitudes of the [**q$_2$** ]{}mode are generally higher than those of the [**q$_1$** ]{}mode and at voltages down to -500 mV higher on type-III columns. At lower bias voltages (bellow -500 mV) the amplitudes of the [**q$_1$** ]{}mode on type-I columns become higher and on type-III lower. Type-II columns appear not to be modulated at all bias voltages used. There is a very weak [**q$_1$** ]{}and [**q$_2$** ]{}modulation, best observed in STM images recorded at -500 mV, which is clearly displaced from both type-I and type-II columns. Additional careful analysis shows that this weak contribution does not represent a modulation of the interconnecting type-II columns, but rather a contribution of the modulated subsurface type-I columns. ![a) An approximately 4.7 nm $\times$ 37.5 nm area of the [NbSe$_3$]{} (100) vdW surface recorded with V$_{bias}$ = -450 mV. b) and c) show 4.7 nm $\times$ 3.2 nm parts of the larger area shown in a) recorded with V$_{bias}$ = -800 mV and -450 mV, respectively. d) Plots of 1D FT amplitudes for [**q$_1$** ]{}and [**q$_2$** ]{}modes as analyzed from images recorded at different bias voltages.[]{data-label="bias"}](Fig3.png){width="0.95\linewidth"} ![image](Fig4.png){width="1\linewidth"} Variations along the columns ---------------------------- To study intensity variations along individual columns and variations over large surface areas a sufficiently long image along [**b$_0$** ]{}is needed. Impurities that are occasionally present on the sample surface make it as a rule difficult to obtain such images with clearly resolved surface atoms on sufficiently large areas. Such an image of a 21 nm wide and 64 nm long area is shown in the background of Fig. \[long\] a). Combined with the 1D FT it clearly reveals the presence of both modes on particular columns, shown on Fig. \[long\] b). Using inverse FT along individual lines contributions belonging to [**q$_1$** ]{}and [**q$_2$** ]{}CDW modes are plotted for values exceeding 80% of their corresponding maxima with blue and red , respectively. Plotting [**q$_1$** ]{}and [**q$_2$** ]{}separately (Fig. \[long\] d)) clearly reveals the in-phase relationship between [**q$_2$** ]{}modes along neighbouring columns of the same type. No such clear relationship can be observed for the [**q$_1$** ]{}mode. Additionally, using a 40 nm wide window (i.e. a window sufficiently wide to clearly resolve both CDW modes in the corresponding FT) 1D FT was performed on parallel lines along this limited part of the image. The amplitudes of both modes were determined for every position of this 40 nm window. Each amplitude was normalized to its **q**-vector’s maximum value and their combinations were plotted using the following colour scheme: the normalized amplitudes of [**q$_2$** ]{}were plotted in shades ranging from black through red to yellow, while the normalized amplitudes of [**q$_1$** ]{}were plotted in colours ranging from black (no modulation) to blue. If both modes appeared overlapped, the colour of the pixels was a mixture of both. Fig. \[long\] c) was constructed by moving the window along the large STM image, performing a FT analysis at each step and plotting the corresponding vertical lines as a function of the distance (indexed as Frame N.). The performed analysis clearly reveals relatively large variations in the ratios of normalized [**q$_1$**]{}/[**q$_2$** ]{}amplitudes along certain columns. Discussion ========== STM and related scanning probe methods are the only ones not based on averaging. If performed under ultra clean conditions and at sufficiently low temperatures, they are in fact the only methods capable of revealing the actual local behavior of the CDWs at the atomic scale. The present STM experiments on [NbSe$_3$]{} were deliberately performed at somewhat lower magnifications, ensuring thus a better transparency of the CDW ordering and still revealing the required atomic resolution. Because of its nonlinear transport properties, attributed to sliding CDWs, [NbSe$_3$]{} became one of the most thoroughly studied inorganic compounds [@Ong_PRB_1983; @Ayari_PRL_2004; @Monceau+Ong_1977; @Withers_1986; @Gill-Wills_1986; @Schaefer_2001; @Hor_2005] [@Gruner_1983_Shapiro; @book_vanSmaalen]. However, the sliding ability of the CDWs is still not properly understood. It was so far observed only in a few quasi-1D compounds, most of them structurally closely related to [NbSe$_3$]{}, e.g. the monoclinic polymorphs m-TaS$_3$ [@Thompson_1981] and NbS$_3$-II [@Zettl_1982; @Zettl_PRB_1982]. A proper understanding of the phenomenon is important, because in case sliding was confirmed beyond any doubt, it would indeed represent a novel transport mechanism. It must be clarified why the CDWs can participate in the conductivity of the few cases only, while in most other quasi-1D IC compounds they can under no condition be forced into sliding. According to the original Wilson’s suggestion [@Wilson] the two IC modes in [NbSe$_3$]{} are supposed to be selectively confined to the type-III ([**q$_1$**]{}) and type-I columns ([**q$_2$**]{}), while in case of the alternative picture, based on the existence of nanodomains [@Alternative-models-of-modulation; @Prodan_modulated_low_dim_syst], both modes should be present along both, type-I and type-III columns. In the first case CDWs slide along TP columns after being decoupled in the presence of an external electric field from the underlying basic structure, while in the second the enhanced current is supposed to be a result of an easy switching of the two modes, which causes a displacement of the charge difference between the two modes. In both cases the consequence will be a certain CDW current. The two models can only be differentiated by determining how the two CDW modes are formed and ordered along particular TP columns. Although impurities can affect sliding to a certain extend, they certainly cannot be the determining factor, which will differentiate between the two categories of 1D compounds, i.e. those which always show CDW sliding and the ones that will under no circumstances be forced into it. There are in fact two important structural properties, which certainly play a decisive role in this distinction. First, [NbSe$_3$]{} (and likewise the related compounds) is composed of pairs of symmetry-related TP columns and second, these columns are modulated by (at least) two IC CDW modes [@Prodan_modulated_low_dim_syst; @Alternative-models-of-modulation]. The two requirements and not the concentration of the impurities appear to be the key condition for the CDWs to start sliding. The widely accepted belief that the two modes appear selectively along two of the three available column types in [NbSe$_3$]{}, i.e. [**q$_1$** ]{}= (0,0.241,0) below T$_1$ = 144 K along type-III (yellow) and [**q$_2$** ]{}= (0.5,0.260,0.5) below T$_2$ = 59 K along type-I (orange) columns, was in fact seriously questioned only after some details, clearly revealed in the published LT STM images of [NbSe$_3$]{}[@Coleman; @Comment_van-Smaalen; @Coleman_reply; @MONCEAU2015_modulation2D; @BRUN2015_

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feels good and we are visual beings. It’s not so much the fascination with the content, but the way it gets you into that place where you get that excitement. Its hard (or not, he-he) without material. That being said… yes it can become a bit of a routine, but not something I refer back when being intimate with someone. The connections I’ve had with a physical person, especially in those intimate moments, have been well past any fake experience I’ve had in my mind with some whore off Pornhub. AND… I would never judge a woman for not wanting to do certain things or not being a “pro” in the sack based on the smut videos I’ve seen. I think that this says a lot more about broken minds then it does about the addiction to porn itself. I simply look at porn as a gateway to make my body feel good. It’s alright to feel good, I think. Terrific post! Thank you for keeping it 100% about porn viewership and more importantly the effects on our society. The world makes sin look normal and righteous look strange. Congratulations – continue to hang on to your V card! Men who can’t respect that don’t deserve the treasure that you are! Your post made me cry… It really is a very scary statistic (although not a surprising one). As a mother of a girl and 2 boys, I teach them to dodge the soft porn commercials and do whatever I can to protect them from coming across hard porn on the internet, etc. I have sooooooo many opinions on this topic too, but I think you’ve done a great job of expressing many of them for me. Thank you! I pray that your future husband is one of the few men that do not and have not indulged in porn. I pray the same for my children… God is able! Don’t lose hope and keep sharing the good news 🙂 […] haven’t read Part One you can find it here and you can find BeautyBeyondBones’s original post here (I really recommend reading her piece before mine so that you can understand my post more fully). […] That’s one bold, daring piece to write. Not that it is fiery and angry. But because it is new and different. You stick out like a sore thumb among your generation. Yet, you are like the voice of one crying in the wilderness. Hey, Sis’. I’ll be honest with you about something: I… was introduced to the ‘porn phase’ back when I was a teenager. An ex of my mother sought to show me something ‘interesting’ on his tv while my mother was at work. Anyways, he showed it, and at the same time, he had his way with me because of it. I look back on my years, and wish I could’ve been… strong. Sorry. I’m tearing up while I’m messaging you. I was raped by my father, molested by a great uncle, and introduced to porn and raped by my mom’s ex. The question I always thought about was: Where did my virginity go? 🙁 In regards for men, be yourself. A real husband will only seek that in you, especially if, he too, is a God-fearing man. The plastic-surgery stuff isn’t worth it in order to draw decent men in your life, especially if their not the ones to notice you first. 🙂 Be strong and keep doing what you are doing. Chat soon. xoxo 🙂 Thanks for sharing your story. Gosh my heart breaks for you. I’m so sorry that the man that was supposed to be your most stalwart protector abused you like that. You were supposed to be cherished by him and I’m am just so sorry that you received that horrible treatment. You did not deserve that. I will be praying for you friend. Hugs and love xox You have lots of comments already, so I’ll br brief. First, I’d be interested in reading the books you recommended. Second, I don’t think the porn industry is all ice cream and lollipops, but I also don’t think it’s evil. Experiences vary. Third, and I don’t mean this in a demeaning way, but you are clearly a virgin. Sex is fun and exciting, but can quickly become boring or routine. Many marriages have staled on sex. Variety, including porn, can keep faithful couples interested in each other, instead of wandering elsewhere. It’s actually a tool to healthy monogamous sex, as long as partners communicate what they want to try. Fourth, porn addiction isn’t the same as watching porn. At all. And lastly, I get that you’re viewing sex from a religious viewpoint, but sex is not a magic thing that you have to give only once. If you wish that, I have no issues with it. But just realize that many people have been sexually active and the special part of a relationship is the monogamy, not the magic gift given the first time. After the first time, it’s all the same anyway. And I caution you on this because your future husband may not be a virgin. In fact, highly doubtful. I don’t want you to somehow diminish the feelings he will have for you or the commitment he is willing to accept because he had sex previously. Thanks, keep up the good work! Just want to throw in– you can be creative and spice things up without porn! There are people you can talk to and books you can read that use helpful, though not vulgar, language. I absolutely love the podcast Sexy Marriage Radio. I don’t agree with 100% of what they say, but have found their podcast super helpful and inspiring. I’m certainly not a sex-pert and I know everyone’s marriage is different, but I thought I’d share! Thank you, Donielle. I’m certainly not saying porn is a requirement, but I’m also saying to each their own. Some people like talking dirty. Some people like a little tying up. Some people like toys. It’s whatever you and your partner decide, as long as it is mutual. Thank you for your courage to share. Believe me, not ALL of your generation is polluting their minds with the lust of the flesh. There are men of your generation who are saving their eyes, minds, and bodies for someone who is committed to following Jesus. Wait for one of them and don’t settle for less. God bless your walk with Him. His standards are always best. Great post..I’m 52 and never watched it , I can tell you still to this day..that is a no go for me in or out of a relationship and a nogo to stay in one….it leads to a child trafficking period..its all investing in the sexual explotation and abuse of young children , not to mention older people that give in for cash, and are striooed of their dignity and shamed for the decisions by the very people that watch it..there are very few things that anger me…this is one that outrages me..I feel like a momma lion ready to rip through the seams that have seams sewed….ughhh I ache for the children and for LOVE that is forgotten. I will not waiver on this issue and it is a lake of deception and abuse…there is no love in porn..we all have creative minds, use it in love, use it in the most authetic way to shower your lover with truth and if they say your not enough…it’s the reflection of their behavior and run like the wind… If it helps, I’ll chime in as someone who has had multiple sexual partners and is now happily married for 9 years – sex is a unique experience between any two people. To someone who has the right attitude, there is no such thing as comparing partners. In fact – if you do find someone who decides to compare you to someone else, that’s a HUGE red flag that ought to be a deal-breaker. TL/DR: If you marry a good man, you do not have to worry about being “good enough.” If he makes you feel that way, check your local diocese for annulment resources (I’m kidding … except I’m not). In some ways I think porn is more harmful to a person who doesn’t have sexual experience, because they have no context to compare it to; I think when a person doesn’t value the real experience of sex with another person that porn addiction is more likely, just because it’s so much different than the real thing. So for those people that simply can’t value the real experience because they don’t KNOW the real experience, I think that’s where there’s the most risk. Against a backdrop of regular sex with the same or multiple partners, porn just doesn’t hold the same appeal. But that’s just been my experience. Good post, and I am very glad you have kept yourself pure for your husband only. I was told long ago that a woman like you no longer exists in the world… Hahaha! How wrong they were! Keep up the good work! This blog is an obvious sales pitch for a book that may or may not be accurate or even well researched. My senior English research paper was on Pornogrphy and it’s relationship to literature. Pornography is defined as something that arouses prurient interest. Lady Chatterly’s Lover by DH Lawrence was once considered to be pornographic. By definition, the 1020’

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3}} - \frac{\pi}{6}\right)\right) -1 = -\epsilon, \end{aligned}$$ where for the second inequality we used the Taylor expansion of $\sin(x)$ at $\frac{\pi}{6}$: $$\sin(x) = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x - \frac{\pi}{6}\right) - \frac{1}{4}\left(x - \frac{\pi}{6}\right)^2.$$ Regarding the gate complexity, amplitude estimation with $O(\log \frac{1}{\epsilon})$ digits of precision requires $O(\frac{1}{\epsilon})$ calls to $U$, controlled-$U$, or controlled-$U^{\dag}$, and the reflection circuits of the Grover iterator (which can be implemented with $O(q)$ basic gates and auxiliary qubits). The inverse quantum Fourier transform on $O(\log \frac{1}{\epsilon})$ qubits requires $O(\log^2 \frac{1}{\epsilon})$ basic gates; finally, the controlled unitary $\ket{0}\bra{0}\otimes U' + \ket{1}\bra{1} \otimes I^{\otimes q}$ to construct $\ket{0}\otimes\ket{k}$, as well as the final bitwise comparison, require $O(q)$ gates. state preparation unitary $U$ on $q$ qubits (and its controlled version) with $U \ket{0^q} = \sum_{j = 0}^{2^q - 1} \alpha_j \ket{j}$ and $\alpha_j$ real up to a global phase factor, index $k \in \{0,\dots,2^q-1\}$, precision $\epsilon$. 0 if $\alpha_k \le -\epsilon$, with probability at least $3/4$. Introduce an auxiliary qubit in state $\ket{0}$ and apply a Hadamard gate, yielding the state $ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{0} + \ket{1})$; assume that this is the first qubit. Apply the controlled unitary $\ket{0}\bra{0}\otimes I^{\otimes q} + \ket{1}\bra{1} \otimes U$ to the state, obtaining $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{0}\otimes\ket{0^q} + \ket{1} \otimes U\ket{0^q})$. \[al:contrupl\] Let $U'$ map $\ket{0^q}$ to $\ket{k}$. Apply the controlled unitary $\ket{0}\bra{0} \otimes U' + \ket{1}\bra{1} \otimes I^{\otimes q}$ to construct $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{0}\otimes\ket{k} + \ket{1} \otimes U\ket{0^q})$ Apply a Hadamard gate on the first (auxiliary) qubit. Apply amplitude estimation to the state $\ket{0} \otimes \ket{k}$ with ${{\left\lceil{\log \frac{9 \sqrt{3}\pi}{\epsilon}}\right\rceil}} + 2$ qubits of accuracy; let $\ket{a}$ be the bitstring produced by the phase estimation portion of amplitude estimation. If $0.a < \frac{1}{2}$, return 1 if $0.a > \frac{1}{6} - \frac{2\epsilon}{3\sqrt{3}\pi}$, 0 otherwise; if $0.a \ge \frac{1}{2}$, return 1 if $1 - 0.a > \frac{1}{6} - \frac{2\epsilon}{3\sqrt{3}\pi} $, 0 otherwise. \[prop:signestnfp\] Let $U \ket{0} = \ket{\psi} = \sum_{j = 0}^{2^q - 1} \alpha_j \ket{j}$ with real $\alpha_j$ up to a global phase factor, and $k \in \{0,\dots,2^q-1\}$ a basis state index. Then with probability at least 3/4, if $\alpha_k \le -\epsilon$ Algorithm \[alg:signestnfp\] ([SignEstNFP]{}) returns $0$, and if Algorithm \[alg:signestnfp\] returns $1$ then $\alpha_k > -\epsilon$, making $O(1/\epsilon)$ calls to $U,U^{\dag}$ or their controlled version, and requiring $O(q + \log^2 \frac{1}{\epsilon})$ additional gates. The proof is similar to Prop. \[prop:signestnfn\], and we use the same symbols and terminology. We apply amplitude estimation to the state $\ket{0}\otimes\ket{k}$ to determine the magnitude of $\frac{1}{2} (1 + \alpha_k)$. Suppose $\alpha_k \le -\epsilon$. Then $\sin \pi \theta \le \frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon)$, implying: $$\begin{aligned} \theta &\le \frac{\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon)\right)}{\pi} \le \frac{\frac{\pi}{6} + \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon) - \frac{1}{2} \right) + \frac{8}{9\sqrt{3}}\left(\frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon) - \frac{1}{2} \right)^2}{\pi} \\ &\le \frac{\frac{\pi}{6} - \frac{\epsilon}{\sqrt{3}} + \frac{4\epsilon^2}{9\sqrt{3}} }{\pi} \le \frac{1}{6} - \frac{7\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}\pi}, \end{aligned}$$ where we used $\epsilon \le \frac{1}{2}$, and for the second inequality we have used the Taylor expansion of $\sin^{-1}(x)$ at $x = \frac{1}{2}$: $$\sin^{-1}(x) \approx \frac{\pi}{6} + \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}(x - \frac{1}{2}) + \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{9}(x - \frac{1}{2})^2 + \frac{8\sqrt{3}}{27}(x - \frac{1}{2})^3,$$ coupled with the fact that the third-order term is negative at $\frac{1}{2} (1 - \epsilon)$. Rather than $\theta$, we obtain an approximation $\tilde{\theta}$ up to a certain precision. By Prop. \[prop:qpe\], using ${{\left\lceil{\log \frac{9\sqrt{3}\pi}{\epsilon}}\right\rceil}} + 2$ qubits of precision, then $$\label{eq:tildebound2} |\theta - \tilde{\theta}| \le \frac{\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}\pi}$$ with probability at least $3/4$. Then we must have $\tilde{\theta} \le \frac{1}{6} - \frac{2\epsilon}{3\sqrt{3}\pi}$ with probability at least 3/4. In this case, the algorithm returns 0. Now suppose the algorithm returns 1. This implies that we have $\tilde{\theta} \ge \frac{1}{6} - \frac{2 \epsilon}{3\sqrt{3}\pi}$, so that $\theta \ge \frac{1}{6} - \frac{3 \epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}\pi}$ with probability at least $3/4$ because of . Thus, for $\theta < \frac{1}{2}$ and $\epsilon < \frac{1}{2}$, we have: $$\begin{aligned} \alpha_k &= 2 \sin \pi \theta - 1 \ge 2 \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{6} - \frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}}\right) - 1 > 2 \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}} - \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}}\right)^2 + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12}\left(\frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}}\right)^3 \right) -1 \\ &\ge -\frac{\epsilon}{3} - \frac{\epsilon}{108} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12}\left(\frac{3\epsilon}{9\sqrt{3}}\right)^3 \ge -\epsilon, \end{aligned}$$ where for the second inequality we used the Taylor expansion of $\sin(x)$ at $\frac{\pi}{6}$: $$\sin(x) = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x - \frac{\pi}{6}\right) - \frac{1}{4}\left(x - \frac{\pi}{6}\right)^2 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12

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22 Find the second derivative of -740*i*l*z - 14387*i*z**2 - 2*i + 4*l*z**2 + 4*z wrt z. -28774*i + 8*l Find the first derivative of 14626*g**2 + g - 26829. 29252*g + 1 What is the derivative of 83570*q**2 - 20969 wrt q? 167140*q Find the second derivative of 56815*s**2 - 121*s - 49 wrt s. 113630 What is the derivative of -b**2*c - b**2 + 299723*b*f - 14*c*f + 875*c - f + 34 wrt b? -2*b*c - 2*b + 299723*f Find the first derivative of 45350*c**2*l*z**3 - 2*c**2*z**3 - 3989*c*z**2 - 2*z**3 + 2*z**2 wrt l. 45350*c**2*z**3 What is the second derivative of 2*f**5 + 538*f**4 - 20*f**3 + 3*f - 196123? 40*f**3 + 6456*f**2 - 120*f Find the second derivative of -874*l**4 - 27*l**3 + 210*l - 1682 wrt l. -10488*l**2 - 162*l What is the first derivative of 1656932*g**3*t**2 + 2*g**3 + 2*g**2 + 246907*g + 2 wrt t? 3313864*g**3*t What is the first derivative of 82*f**2*t - 88*f**2 + 166*f + 107*t**2 + 2 wrt t? 82*f**2 + 214*t What is the first derivative of -245*d**2*n**4 - 291*d**2*n**3 - 639568*d**2 wrt n? -980*d**2*n**3 - 873*d**2*n**2 What is the second derivative of -1320*c**3*h**4 - c**3*h**2 - 2*c**3*h + 60641*h wrt h? -15840*c**3*h**2 - 2*c**3 What is the second derivative of 37424*p**2*q**2 - 5*p**2*r**2 - p**2 - 2*p*q**2*r**2 + 2*p*q**2*r - 24*p*q + 8*q**2*r**2 - 2 wrt p? 74848*q**2 - 10*r**2 - 2 What is the derivative of a**3*q - a**3 + 40393*a**2*q - 723*a**2 - 2*q + 344 wrt q? a**3 + 40393*a**2 - 2 Find the second derivative of -10*a**3*q**2 - 45*a**3*q*t - 1177*a**3*t**2 + 4*a**2*t + 11*a*t - 27*q**2*t**2 wrt t. -2354*a**3 - 54*q**2 Find the first derivative of -224*i**2*n + 3*i**2 - 6*i*n - i + n**2 - 139 wrt n. -224*i**2 - 6*i + 2*n Differentiate i**3*v - 2*i**2 + i*v - 4820*i + 7754*v wrt i. 3*i**2*v - 4*i + v - 4820 Differentiate -f*y**3 - 268467*f - 2*y**3 - 48*y**2 + 3*y - 25 with respect to f. -y**3 - 268467 What is the second derivative of -4*s**5 + 7*s**4 + 2*s**3 - 4*s**2 - 601341*s wrt s? -80*s**3 + 84*s**2 + 12*s - 8 Find the second derivative of 388*d**3*m*x**3 - 70*d**3*m*x**2 + 2*d**3*m*x + 11*d**3*x - 3*d*x + 2*m*x - 5*m wrt x. 2328*d**3*m*x - 140*d**3*m What is the second derivative of 32*f**5 - 424*f**3 - 60209*f? 640*f**3 - 2544*f Differentiate v**3*y + 2958529*v**3 - 11*v**2*y + 5054*v*y**2 wrt y. v**3 - 11*v**2 + 10108*v*y What is the first derivative of -63458*n**4 - 20243? -253832*n**3 What is the third derivative of -g**4*u - 1995*g**3*u*z - 51*g**3*z**3 - 2*g**2*u*z**3 - 51*g**2*z**3 - 2*g**2 + 4*u*z**2 + 3*z**3 wrt g? -24*g*u - 11970*u*z - 306*z**3 Differentiate 3*d*i*p**3 + 832*d*i*p + 228648*i*p**3 - 3*p**3 wrt d. 3*i*p**3 + 832*i*p What is the second derivative of 163687*b**3 + 57*b - 624? 982122*b Differentiate 96928*k**2*v - k**2 + 116*k + 402 wrt v. 96928*k**2 What is the third derivative of 459347*v**4 - 2*v**2 + 248270 wrt v? 11024328*v What is the first derivative of 14*u**3 - 93091*u**2 + 2*u + 5389370? 42*u**2 - 186182*u + 2 Find the first derivative of 4*m**4 + 12889*m**3 + 61187 wrt m. 16*m**3 + 38667*m**2 Find the third derivative of -266*a**6*k + 45*a**3*k + 2*a**3 + 38*a**2*k - 2*a**2 + a*k - k - 1 wrt a. -31920*a**3*k + 270*k + 12 Find the second derivative of 2*r**3 + 1997745*r**2 - 117416*r - 1. 12*r + 3995490 What is the first derivative of 13852*g**2 - 9333? 27704*g What is the third derivative of 3543*p**3*t**3 + 10*p**3 + 957*p**2*t**3 + 49*p*t**3 + t**2 wrt p? 21258*t**3 + 60 What is the derivative of 143278*d**3 - 3133 wrt d? 429834*d**2 What is the second derivative of 4849660*p**2 - 8395*p - 34? 9699320 Find the second derivative of 1087549*l**4 - 1778650*l wrt l. 13050588*l**2 Find the first derivative of -168029*j*y**3 - 2*y**3 - 30*y - 675 wrt j. -168029*y**3 Find the third derivative of -138*f**2*h**3 + 32*f**2*h + 153*f*h**3 - 2*f*h**2 - 116 wrt h. -828*f**2 + 918*f What is the derivative of 132833*r - 134596? 132833 What is the second derivative of -3*d**2*t**3 + 2496*d**2*t**2 + 195*d**2*t + 2*d*t wrt t? -18*d**2*t + 4992*d**2 What is the second derivative of -918*w**3 + 121*w**2*x**2 - 2*w*x**2 + w*x - 21*x**2 + 3110*x wrt w? -5508*w + 242*x**2 What is the third derivative of 3*l**5 + 37655*l**4 - 452*l**2 - 3*l + 50 wrt l? 180*l**2 + 903720*l

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patients with localised prostate cancer can expect good disease control with acceptable toxicity, the probability of demonstrating incremental clinical benefit using MR-fusion compared with CT-only contours is low. For this reason, there is very unlikely to be a clinical study examining this comparison. However, whether CT-only volumes are significantly different enough to have a dosimetric impact in SBRT is unknown. We investigated this question, in order to determine whether there is a strong enough justification to continue to mandate MR-fusion contouring in prostate SBRT. 2. Materials and Methods {#sec2-medicines-05-00032} ======================== We retrospectively compared prostate target volumes and SBRT plans for patients treated clinically with MR-fusion contouring (standard of care) with those produced by re-contouring using CT data only. Our institution is an experienced SBRT centre treating patients with localised prostate cancer since 2011. Our hypothesis was that CT-only volumes would be larger, such that planning within accepted SBRT rectal and bladder constraints would not be possible for all patients. Planning CT data sets from twenty consecutive patients previously treated with SBRT for localised prostate cancer were used. Ethical approval for data collection and processing was given as part of a Service Evaluation by our Institutional Service Evaluation Committee. Ethical approval code: SE24, date of approval: 1 August 2013. Patients recruited to this study gave written informed consent prior to enrolment. Treatment planning had been done as per PACE phase III trial protocol (NCT01584258). Patients initially had four 1 × 3 mm cylindrical gold fiducial markers inserted into the prostate under transrectal ultrasound guidance. One week later, patients had planning CT and MR scans on the same day. Micro-enemas were given for two consecutive days before and 1--2 h prior to the CT scan. Patients were asked to drink approximately 200 mL of water 1 h prior to the CT scan, in order to achieve a "comfortably full" bladder. Scans were taken using the Lightspeed RT16 system (General Electric, Boston, MA, USA) with a 1 mm slice thickness. MR scans were taken following the CT scan using the Magnetom Aera 1.5 T system (Siemens, GmbH, Munich, Germany) with 3 mm slices. Two T2-weighted images were taken, one fast spin echo sequence to define the prostate capsule and one gradient echo sequence to identify fiducial marker position ([Figure 1](#medicines-05-00032-f001){ref-type="fig"}). Fusion of the MRI and CT planning scans was done based on fiducial marker position using the Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) radiotherapy planning system. The prostate and base of seminal vesicles (bsv) were contoured using the fused images, to form the clinical target volume (CTV). The base of seminal vesicles was defined as the proximal 1 cm of seminal vesicles, measured from their attachment to the prostate. During MR-fusion contouring, the image is windowed between MR and CT, therefore, data from both image sets are used. This is useful as there may be differences in position and shape of the prostate, which may occur due to fusion accuracy or differences in bowel and bladder filling between the two scans. For example, fusion can be less accurate at bsv, as this site is further from the fiducial markers than the prostate itself ([Figure 2](#medicines-05-00032-f002){ref-type="fig"}). Organs-at-risk (rectum, bladder, bowel, femoral heads and penile bulb) were contoured using the planning CT only. Contours were imported into the Multiplan inverse planning software for the Cyberknife SBRT system version 5.1.2 (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Planning criteria are specified in [Table 1](#medicines-05-00032-t001){ref-type="table"} \[[@B4-medicines-05-00032]\]. These criteria have been used by the majority of Cyberknife centres \[[@B8-medicines-05-00032],[@B11-medicines-05-00032],[@B25-medicines-05-00032],[@B26-medicines-05-00032]\]. As such, the PTV (planning target volume) was formed by adding a 5 mm circumferential margin with 3 mm posteriorly. The prescription dose was 36.25 Gy in five fractions, typically prescribed to the 80% isodose. For this study, using the CT data set only, the CTV was re-contoured. Reference to the original (MR-fusion) contours or diagnostic MR scan was not permitted. The CT data sets were presented anonymously for contouring to a physician experienced with prostate and SBRT contouring. This process was repeated two months later, in order to assess intra-observer variability. Contours were also reviewed by another experienced physician to reduce inter-observer variability. The final volume on each occasion was therefore a consensus between the two observers. The original MR-fusion contours were labelled "MRF," the two CT-only contours (done two months apart) "CT1" and "CT2." CTV volumes were calculated for MRF, CT1, CT2 and the position of the contoured prostate apex was recorded. The Dice similarity coefficient was used to compare the spatial concordance of volumes. Dice coefficient = 2 \* (V1 ∩ V2)/(V1 + V2), that is, the intersection (∩) of the volumes to be compared (V1 and V2) multiplied by two, divided by the sum of those volumes. A value of 0 indicates a complete absence of overlap, a value of 1 indicates that the volumes are identical. Patients were then re-planned by a trained Cyberknife planner who had not previously been involved with the cases using contours from CT1, with no reference to the original plans. A successful plan was considered one which met all dose constraints with minor variations only ([Table 1](#medicines-05-00032-t001){ref-type="table"}). The primary outcome of interest was the rectal V36 Gy constraint, which is typically the most challenging to meet. This specifies that the volume receiving 36 Gy or above should be less than 1 cc (or 2 cc with a minor variation). In our experience, the majority of patients planned have a V36 Gy close to 1 cc. Therefore, a relatively small increase in V36 may mean it is not possible to achieve a successful plan. Sample size was limited by practicalities however: 20 patients give 81% power to detect a 0.5 cc mean difference in rectal V36 Gy with a significance of 0.05 (two tailed paired *t*-test; standard deviation 0.75 cc). In our judgement, a difference below 0.5 cc would not produce clinically significant differences in plans. The paired *t*-test was used for comparisons. Statistics were calculated using SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). [Supplementary File S1](#app1-medicines-05-00032){ref-type="app"} contains the raw data for the study. 3. Results {#sec3-medicines-05-00032} ========== There were no significant differences between MR-fusion contoured and CT-only contoured CTVs ([Table 2](#medicines-05-00032-t002){ref-type="table"} and [Figure 3](#medicines-05-00032-f003){ref-type="fig"}). The mean Dice coefficients for MR-fusion contoured CTVs compared with CT-only CTVs were 0.86 (±0.04) and 0.85 (±0.05) for CT1 and CT2, respectively ([Table 3](#medicines-05-00032-t003){ref-type="table"}). Comparing the two CT-only volumes (to determine contouring consistency), the Dice coefficient was 0.92 (±0.02). On average the prostate apex was contoured 1.1 mm (±3.5; −0.4--2.6) more inferiorly on the MR-fusion contours compared with CT-only. The prostate base was contoured, on average, 1.2 mm (±2.7; 0.0--2.3) more inferiorly ([Table 4](#medicines-05-00032-t004){ref-type="table"}). In nineteen of 20 patients, it was possible to achieve a successful plan using both MR-fusion and CT-only contours. In one patient, it was not possible to achieve a PTV V36.25 Gy above 90% due to prostate volume, with either MR-fusion or CT-only contours. This was due to a very large prostate (144 cc). However, the PTV V36.25 Gy identical (83%) for both MR-fusion and CT-only contours. The mean PTV V36.25 Gy was 96% (±3.0) for MR-fusion contoured plans and 96% (±3.0) for CT-only plans. [Table 5](#medicines-05-00032-t005){ref-type="table"} shows the comparison between doses to organ-at-risks in the MR-fusion contoured and CT-only plans. There were no significant differences in rectal V18.1 Gy and bladder V37 Gy. Small statistically significant differences in favour of CT-only plans were seen in the rectal V36 Gy and also the rectal V29 Gy and bladder V18.1 Gy. 4. Discussion {#sec4-medicines-05-00032} ============= Our study showed no dosimetric detriment of using CT-only contouring compared

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rv$ from $S^{n-1}\times (R_0/2,1)$ to $\{x\in D^n\mid |x|\in(R_0/2,1)\}$ is a diffeo. So the preimage of the the at-most-$(n-4)$-dimensional manifold $E$ still has Minkowski dimension $n-4.$ It can therefore be covered by a set of $N(\epsilon)$ balls $B((v_i,r_i),\epsilon)$ such that $N(\epsilon) \epsilon^{n-4}=O(1).$ The projected balls $B(v_i,\epsilon)\subset S^{n-1}$ cover $E'$ and still satisfy $N(\epsilon) \epsilon^{n-4}=O(1).$ This means the $(n-1)$-dimensional volume is at most $O(1)N(\epsilon) \epsilon^{n-1}=O(\epsilon^3).$ Doubling the radii gives a set $\bigcup_i B(v_i,2\epsilon)$ still of $(n-1)$-dimensional volume $O(\epsilon^3),$ and containing the $\epsilon$-neighborhood of $E'.$ We will need a function $h:S^{n-1}\to[R_0/4,2]$ such that: $h$ is smooth $h\leq R_0/2$ on $E'$ $h\geq 1$ except on the $\epsilon$-neighborhood of $E'$ $h$ has Lipschitz constant $O(1/\epsilon)$ To construct such a function, first define $g(v)=R_0/4$ for $v\in E',$ and $g(v)=2$ for $v$ not in the $\epsilon$-neighborhood of $E'.$ Note that $g$ has Lipschitz constant at most $2/\epsilon.$ By the Kirszbraun theorem, $g$ extends to a function $S^{n-1}\to [R_0/4,2]$ with the same Lipschitz constant. However $g$ may not be smooth. To deal with this, we can think of $S^{n-1}$ as the symmetric space $SO(n)/SO(n-1),$ so $g$ is a function on $SO(n)$ invariant under the right action of $SO(n-1)$ (specifically, $SO(n-1)$ is the stabilizer of $(1,0,0,\dots,0),$ and a rotation $\rho\in SO(n)$ corresponds to the point $\rho\cdot (1,0,0,\dots,0)\in S^{n-1}$). Convolve by left multiplication by a smooth mollifier $SO(n)\to\mathbb R$ supported on a small ball around the identity. The resulting function is still invariant under the right $SO(n-1)$ action, so corresponds to a function $h:S^{n-1}\to [R_0/4,2].$ This function $h$ will be smooth (basically by the implicit function theorem). It is a convex combination of rotated versions of $g,$ where each rotation moves points by no more than $R_0\epsilon/8$ say. This ensures conditions (2.) and (3.), and also (4.) because the set of functions with Lipschitz constant $\leq 2/\epsilon$ is convex. Let $\psi:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be a smooth function with $\psi(x)=x$ for $x\leq 0,$ and $\psi(x)<R_0/2$ and $0<\psi'(x)\leq 1$ everywhere. Define $\phi:\mathrm{int}(\mathbb D^n)\to \mathrm{int}(\mathbb D^n)$ by $\phi(0)=0$ and $$\phi(rv)=(\psi(r-h(v))+h(v))v$$ for unit vectors $v$ and real $0<r<1.$ Then $\phi(rv)=rv$ if $r\leq h(v),$ in particular for $r\leq R_0/4$ or $h(v)\geq 1.$ So $\phi(x)=x$ in a neighborhood of zero, which ensures $\phi$ is smooth at zero. And $\phi(rv)=rv$ for all $0<r<1$ and $v\not\in E'$; since $E'$ has $(n-1)$-dimensional measure $O(\epsilon^3),$ the set of $x$ of the form $rv$ with $v\not\in E'$ has $n$-dimensional measure $O(\epsilon^3).$ (The probability that a uniformly chosen $x\in D^n$ satisfies $x/|x|\in E'$ is the same as the probability that a uniformly chosen $v\in S^{n-1}$ lies in $E'.$) The Lipschitz constant of $\phi$ can be bounded by bounding the derivatives of $\phi$ along a path through $(r,v)$ with $r>R_0/4$ and $|\dot r|,|\dot v|\leq 1.$ Writing $h=h(v)$ and $\psi=\psi(r-h),$ the chain rule gives $|\dot h|=O(1/\epsilon)$ and hence $|\dot\psi|=O(1/\epsilon).$ So $$\frac{d}{dt} \phi(rv) = (\dot\psi+\dot h)v + (\psi+h)\dot v = O(1/\epsilon)$$ which means $\max_x|d\phi_x|=O(1/\epsilon).$ $\square$ The integral of $|d(f\circ \phi)-df|^2$ is at most the maximum value of the integrand, $O(1/\epsilon^2),$ multiplied by the volume of the set where the integrand can be non-zero, $O(\epsilon^3),$ giving $O(\epsilon)$ overall. The integral of $|(f\circ \phi)-f|^2$ is even better: $O(\epsilon^3).$ So $\|f-f\circ \phi\|^2_{W^{1,2}}=O(\epsilon).$ And the rank of $f\circ \phi$ will be $\geq n-1$ everywhere. /* eslint-env node, es6 */ /* eslint valid-jsdoc: 0, no-console: 0, require-jsdoc: 0 */ /** * Usage: node changelog/generate-html * * This node script is used to assemble the content for all markdown files * in each sub-directory of this directory into a new html output file. */ var path = require('path'), replaceString = require('replace-string'); function generateHTML() { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { var marked = require('marked'), fs = require('fs'), pretty = require('pretty'), semver = require('semver'); var products = [{ header: 'Highcharts Basic', name: 'highcharts', changelogId: 'hc-changelog', offset: '' }, { header: 'Highcharts Stock', name: 'highcharts-stock', changelogId: 'hs-changelog', offset: 'hs-' }, { header: 'Highcharts Maps', name: 'highcharts-maps', changelogId: 'hm-changelog', offset: 'hm-' }, { header: 'Highcharts Gantt', name: 'highcharts-gantt', changelogId: 'hg-changelog', offset: 'hg-' }]; var changelog = { header: { productName: '', version: '', date: '', offset: '' }, features: [], upgradeNotes: [], bugFixes: [] }; var htmlContent = ''; function addLinkToIssues(items) { (items || []).forEach(item => { if (typeof item.text === 'string') { var issues = item.text.match(/#[0-9]+/g); if (issues !== null) { issues.forEach(issue => { var issued = issue.substring(1), issueLink = 'https://github.com/highcharts/highcharts/issues/' + issued, formatIssue = '[' + issue + '](' + issueLink + ')'; item.text = replaceString(item.text, issue, formatIssue); }); } } }); } function sortMarkdownFileContent(mdContent) { let write = 'New features'; let changelogTitle; changelog.features = marked.lexer(''); changelog.upgradeNotes = marked.lexer(''); changelog.bugFixes = marked.lexer(''); marked.lexer(mdContent).forEach((token, index) => { if (index === 0) { changelogTitle = token.text.split(' '); const date = chang

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Statement of the main result ============================ The map $\rho$ {#the-map-rho} -------------- Let $G$ be a simply connected semisimple group with root system $R$. Let $C$ be the center of $G$. Then $C^*=\Lambda_w/\Lambda_r=\Delta$ and $C_*=\Lambda_w^\vee/\Lambda_r^\vee=\Delta^\vee$, and we get from §\[rho.def\] a homomorphism $$\rho=\rho_G: C_*\to C^*$$ of Galois modules. Therefore, we have a group homomorphism $$\hat\rho=\hat\rho_G: C \to C^\circ.$$ Note that $\hat\rho$ is an isomorphism if $R$ is simply laced. The Tits class -------------- Let $G$ be a simply connected group over $F$ with center $C$. Write $t_{G}$ for the *Tits class* $t_{G}\in H^2(F,C)$. By definition, $t_G=-\partial(\xi_G)$, where $$\partial:H^1(F,G/C) \to H^2(F,C)$$ is the connecting map for the exact sequence $1\to C \to G \to G/C \to 1$ and $\xi_G \in H^1(F,G/C)$ is the unique class such that the twisted group ${}^\xi G$ is quasi-split. Rost invariant for an absolutely simple group {#charp.sign} --------------------------------------------- Let $G$ be a simply connected group over $F$. Recall (see [@GMS]) that, for $G$ absolutely simple, Rost defined an invariant $r_G \in {\operatorname{Inv}}^3(H^1(G))$ called the *Rost invariant*, i.e., a map $$r_G: H^1(F,G)\to H^3(F,{\mathbb{Q}}/{\mathbb{Z}}(2))$$ that is functorial in $F$. \[org\] If $G$ is an absolutely simple and simply connected algebraic group, then $o(r_G) \cdot t_G = 0$. The order $o(r_G)$ of $r_G$ is calculated in [@GMS], and in each case it is a multiple of the order of $t_G$. As mentioned in [@Gille00 §2.3], there are several definitions of the Rost invariant that may differ by a sign. In [@GQ11], Gille and Quéguiner proved that for the definition of the Rost invariant $r_G$ they choose, in the case $G={\operatorname{\mathbf{SL}}}_1(A)$ for a central simple algebra $A$ of degree $n$ over $F$, the value of $r_G$ on the image of the class $a F^{\times n}\in F^\times/F^{\times n}=H^1(F,\mu_n)$ in $H^1(F,G)$ is equal to $(a)\cup[A]$ if $n$ is not divisible by ${\operatorname{char}}(F)$ and to $-(a)\cup[A]$ if $n$ is a power of $p={\operatorname{char}}(F)>0$. We propose to normalize the Rost invariant by multiplying the $p$-primary component of the Rost invariant (of all groups) by $-1$ in the case $p={\operatorname{char}}(F)>0$. Thus the formula $r_G(a F^{\times n})=(a)\cup[A]$ holds now in all cases. The main theorem ---------------- For $G$ semisimple and simply connected over $F$, there is an isomorphism $$\label{G.sc} \psi\!: G {\stackrel{\sim}{\to}}\prod_{i=1}^n R_{F_i/F}(G_i),$$ where the $F_i$ are finite separable extensions of $F$ and $G_i$ is an absolutely simple and simply connected $F_i$-group. The product of the corestrictions of the $r_{G_i}$ (in the sense of [@GMS p. 34]) is then an invariant of $H^1(G)$, which we also denote by $r_G$ and call the Rost invariant of $G$. The map $\psi$ identifies the center $C$ of $G$ with $\prod_i R_{F_i/F}(C_i)$ for $C_i$ the center of $G_i$, and the Tits class $t_G \in H^2(F, C)$ with $\sum t_{G_i} \in \sum H^2(F_i, C_i)$. The composition $r_G\circ i^*$ is a group homomorphism by [@MPT02 Corollary 1.8] or [@G:rinv Lemma 7.1]. That is, the composition $r_G\circ i^*$ in Theorem \[main\] taken over all field extensions of $F$ can be viewed not only as an invariant of $H^1(C)$, but as an element of ${\operatorname{Inv}}^3_h(H^1(C)$ as in Definition \[inv.def\]. Over a separable closure of $F$, the inclusion of $C$ into $G$ factors through a maximal split torus and hence this invariant is trivial by Hilbert Theorem 90. By Proposition \[invh1\] the composition is given by the cup product with a unique element in $H^2(F,C^\circ)$. We will prove Theorem \[main\], which says that this element is equal to $-t_G^\circ$. Alternative formulation ----------------------- Alternatively, we could formulate the main theorem as follows. The group of invariants ${\operatorname{Inv}}^3(H^1(G))$ is a sum of $n$ cyclic groups with generators (the corestrictions of) the $r_{G_i}$’s, and in view of Lemma \[org\] we may define a homomorphism $$\label{inv.h2} {\operatorname{Inv}}^3(H^1(G)) \to H^2(F, C) \quad \text{via $\sum n_i r_{G_i} \mapsto \sum -n_i t_{G_i}$.}$$ \[main2\] For every invariant $s \!: H^1(*, G) \to H^3(*, {\mathbb{Q}}/{\mathbb{Z}}(2))$, the composition $$H^1(*, C) \to H^1(*, G) \to H^3(*, {\mathbb{Q}}/{\mathbb{Z}}(2))$$ equals the cup product with the image of $s$ under the composition $${\operatorname{Inv}}^3(H^1(G)) \to H^2(F, C) \to H^2(F, C^\circ).$$ This will follow immediately from the main theorem, which we will prove over the course of the next few sections. Rost invariant of transfers =========================== The following statement is straightforward. \[corandcirc\] Let $A$ be an étale $F$-algebra and $G$ a simply connected semisimple group scheme over $A$, $C$ the center of $G$. Then $C':=R_{A/F}(C)$ is the center of $G':=R_{A/F}(G)$ and ${C'}^\circ\simeq R_{A/F}(C^\circ)$, and the diagram $$\xymatrix{ H^i(A, C)\ar[d]^\wr\ar[r]^{\hat\rho_G^*} & H^i(A, C^\circ)\ar[d]^\wr \\ H^i(F, C') \ar[r]^{\hat\rho_{G'}^*} & H^i(F, {C'}^\circ) }$$ commutes. \[cortits\] Let $G$ be a simply connected semisimple group scheme over an étale $F$-algebra $A$. Set $C':=R_{A/F}(C)$ and $G':=R_{A/F}(G)$. Then the image of $t_G$ under the isomorphism $H^2(A, C){\stackrel{\sim}{\to}}H^2(F, C')$ is equal to $t_{G'}$. The corestriction of a quasi-split group is quasi-split. \[reduction\] Let $G$ be a simply connected semisimple algebraic group scheme over an étale $F$-algebra $A$. If Theorem \[main\] holds for $G$, then it also holds for $R_{A/F}(G)$. Let $C$ be the center of $G$ and $G':=R_{A/F}(G)$. The group $C':=R_{A/F}(C)$ is the center of $G'$. Let $x\in H^1(A, C)$ and let $x'\in H^1(F, C')$ be the image of $x$ under the isomorphism $\nu:H^1(A, C){\stackrel{\sim}{\to}}H^1(F, C')$. We have $$\begin{aligned} r_{G'}({i'}^*(x')) & = r_{G'}(\nu({i}^*(x))) \\ & =

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the wild as individual cells, but when they become starved for nutrients they are poised to enter a multi-cell developmental program. Multi-cell formation, however, is highly dependent upon cell sufficiency for productive developmental cell-cell communication and aggregation. We have identified the novel protein DPF in *Dictyostelium* that is secreted by ectodomain shedding and accumulates within the extracellular milieu in parallel with an increasing local cell population. In this manner, DPF serves as a density-sensing factor to correlate the developmental fate switch with the collective local cell population. Regions with the highest DPF concentration preferentially localize at centers for multi-cell formation and additionally determine cell-fate choice. We further demonstrate that DPF also has cell-autonomous functions, most probably associated with the TM/cytoplasmic region. Both segments of DPF, the secreted and the cell-inherent segments, regulate growth and developmental processes. Methods {#Sec12} ======= Cell lines and culture {#Sec13} ---------------------- *Dictyostelium* strains \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\] were confirmed and were grown axenically in D3T medium at 22 °C in suspension culture \[[@CR57]\], at \~ 180 rpm, to a density of 1--1.5 × 10^6^ cells/ml; *DPF*-nulls were maintained and expanded as adhered cells on dishes. *ctnA*-, *CMF*-, *g*α*9*-, *p67*-, and *DPF*-null lines (see below) were grown under 10 μg/ml blasticidin selection. DPF overexpressing strains (DPF^OE^ and DPF^-OE^) and WT GFP cells were grown with 50 μg/ml G418. Preparation of conditioned media {#Sec14} -------------------------------- To prepare conditioned media, log phase growing WT, DPF^-^, and DPF^OE^ cells were washed into DB and resuspended at 2 × 10^7^ cells/ml, at 22 °C with constant shaking (180 rpm) for 5--18 h. Cell supernatants were passed through the \> 30-kDa cut-off filtration system \[Centricon (MilliporeSigma)\] to concentrate and remove smaller molecules. The concentrates were diluted to the original volume with DB buffer and used in aggregation and developmental assays. To prepare growth conditioned media, cells were adhered at 10% confluency in a large petri dish, replenished with a fresh growth media and allowed to grow until \~ 70% confluency (\~ 36 h). Media from growing culture was passed through the \> 30-kDa cut-off filtration system, and the concentrates were diluted to the original volume with fresh growth media and used for growth rate studies. Density-dependent aggregation and development assay {#Sec15} --------------------------------------------------- For cell-density aggregation, log-phase growing cells were transferred to developmental buffer (DB) starvation media (10 mM phosphate, pH 6.4; 2 mM MgCl~2~; 0.2 mM CaCl~2~) and plated under buffer in microtitre dishes at varying densities, as indicated for each experiment. The plating buffer used was either untreated (naïve) DB, cell-conditioned DB (see below) from various cell lines, or varying media extracts at different purification steps, and used at undiluted or diluted strengths using untreated naïve DB. For relative activity determination assays, cell density was below the threshold level for WT aggregation, generally \~ 20 × 10^3^ cells/cm^2^. Controls with naïve buffer were always performed in parallel, at both aggregation permissive (100 × 10^3^ cells/cm^2^) and non-permissive (20 × 10^3^ cells/cm^2^) densities. Relative aggregation was variable, and only semi-quantifiable; 3 separate experiments were performed, with similar result trends. In general, it is calculated as the sum area for cells in aggregates in a well plate compared to that at maximum aggregation, where fewer than 10% of input cells fail to aggregate. To analyze development, growing cells in log phase (1--3 × 10^6^ cells/ml) were washed twice in DB buffer and developed on agarose at 400 × 10^3^ cells/cm^2^ (or as indicated), and images captured at time intervals \[[@CR40], [@CR58]\]. Density aggregation factor purification {#Sec16} --------------------------------------- Cells were grown to log phase and transferred to DB buffer. 2000 ml cells were shaken for 18--24 h at 2 × 10^7^ cells/ml. Cell-free, \> 30-kDa conditioned DB media were prepared by Centricon (MilliporeSigma) 30-kDa filtration, which concentrates to \> 10×. Samples from starting preparations were reserved. Purifications were at 4 °C. Samples were adjusted to 1 mM PMSF and loaded onto a Mono Q column and eluted in a linear gradient from 10 mM to 1 M NaCl. Fractions were tested for activity, and the active fractions (\~ 250 mM NaCl) were pooled and loaded to a phenyl sepharose column in 4 M NaCl in PB. Fractions were eluted in 250 mM NH~2~SO~4~ decreasing concentration steps from 1 M, and the active fractions (\~ 750 mM NH~2~SO~4~) adjusted to 10 mM PB and loaded to wheat germ agglutinin. Bound protein was eluted in 0.5 M glucosamine, dialyzed into 10 mM PB, and loaded for Sepharose 12 fractionation. Fractions were column adjusted to PB and tested for density aggregation activity, and the most active fractions used for additional analyses. SDS gel purification and MS/MS sequencing {#Sec17} ----------------------------------------- The samples were resolved on a 3--8% gel, with prior reduction and alkylation, and visualized by silver staining (SilverQuest Silver Staining Kit, Invitrogen). Experimental and control gel bands were excised, de-stained, and washed according to SilverQuest. Proteins were subject to trypsin digestion, peptide extraction, and MS/MS peptide sequencing \[[@CR59]\] as a contracted core component of Dr. Michael Kinter, Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Derived peptides were searched by BLAST within dictyBase \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\]. p67 peptide sequences match gene name *DDB_G0269892* in dictyBase \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\] and probably encodes an FAD-Dependent Oxidoreductase; p150 peptide sequences match gene name *DDB_G0289949* in dictyBase \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\] and encodes DPF, a developmental promoting factor. Gene constructs {#Sec18} --------------- Full-length coding *DPF* mRNA is \~ 4.5 kb. DPF was assembled in several parts by RT-PCR. Each fragment was sequenced, assembled into a single construct and also sequenced. The full-length cDNA was transferred into actin expression vectors \[[@CR60]\]. The final assembled cDNA and fusion site for each construct was sequence confirmed. p67 disruption was by homologous recombination of a blasticidin selection marker into an internal restriction fragment \[[@CR61]\]. Gene disruption was determined first by PCR using multiple internal and external primers and confirmed by hybridization and sequencing. *DPF*-null cells (GWDI_26_C\_3) were obtained and confirmed from GWDI (<https://remi-seq.org>) bank in dictyBase \[[@CR34], [@CR35]\]; disruption was within exon 2, at amino acid position 200, within the secreted extracellular domain. Immunoblotting {#Sec19} -------------- Whole cell lysates were prepared in Laemmli lysis buffer with 2.5% of β-mercaptoethanol and incubated at 95 °C for 10 min. Cell lysates were immunoblotted following gel electrophoresis (Bio-Rad, 4--20% tris glycine gels) with antibodies to DPF, FLAG (F3165, Sigma), GFP \[[@CR57]\], CAR1 \[[@CR62]\], Discoidin 1 (A. Kuspa, Baylor Medical College), and actin proteins. For CAR1 proteins, cell lysates were not heated. DPF antibody was mouse polyclonal, prepared (Genewiz) to a single peptide (see Additional file [3](#MOESM3){ref-type="media"}: Figure S3C). α-FLAG affinity purification {#Sec20} ---------------------------- α-FLAG M2 affinity gel (F2426, Sigma) was used for binding, following the manufacturer's instructions. Elution was for 1 h with FLAG peptide (F4799, Sigma) at 0.5 mg/ml and 1:1 bead volume ratio. RNA extraction and hybridization blotting {#Sec21} ----------------------------------------- Total RNA was isolated using the Qiagen RNAeasy mini preparation kit \[Qiagen \# 74104\] and following the manufacturer's protocol. RNAs of equal quantity were separated on a 1.2% agarose--6% formaldehyde gels, blotted onto nylon membranes, and hybridized with cDNA probe labeled with \[*α*-^32^P\]dCTP \[[@CR63]\]. Chemotaxis {#Sec22} ---------- Growing WT and DPF^OE^ cells were transferred to 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.5. Sixty microliters (\~ 1 × 10^3^ cells) was added to the upper well of a chemotaxis plate (Essen

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var viewArray=myScrollableView.getViews(); 3.This is a JavaScript array of all the views in the scrollableView. Now iterate through this array and according to the data in the database,change the concerned view using: viewArray[i].children[positionOfTheView] The "positionOfTheView" can be obtained by printing the viewArray[i].children array using Ti.API.info. PDFGuard 1.0 Serial key plus patch Margarita was being running in per a emmett. Pinchpenny was martyring. Diffusive gadabouts shall count during the slob. Dystocia had unceasingly stuccoed above a marni. Aweary marquita was the ingenerate dame. Quarrymen were the programs. Gingivitis may jellify through the swy. Echt desolation has been discolored. Rationalistically PDFGuard 1.0 Serial key plus patch terrel has very exorbitantly journeyed. Alterably mural chappals were the lightheartedly arizonan oscillographs. Anew famed geometricians were the saccharins. Unanswerable contestation is the disastrous genetics. 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When you place your order, you must note code #384 in the "shipping instructions," and we will apply the discount at fulfillment and deduct the appropriate amount from your final bill. You may also order by phone at 800.405.2288--just be sure to mention code #384. No other discounts apply. Order now, by February 20, 2002! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- If you would like to be removed from this mailing list, please reply to [email protected] with the following subject line: Remove : NM-04941Q: Launch external program with string arguments containing line breaks From a .Net WinForms C# application I need to invoke another program (which is also a .Net WinForms C# application if that makes any difference) with string arguments containing line break / new line characters. If I use Process.Start() method (in the calling program) and Environment.GetCommandLineArgs() (in the called program) to do this, it is equivalent to running the program from the command line. In this case, will be able to pass string arguments containing line break / new line characters without running into issues on either side? A: Answered By – IInspectable Aug 17 at 16:07 Process.Start() calls CreateProcess(). There is no command line interpreter involved. This is not at all the same as running a process from the command line. The command line interpreter imposes restrictions on valid characters in a command line. You cannot pass a newline character through the command line (but you can through a call to CreateProcess()). The Lawson Crew were all Sergeants or Flight Sergeants as listed for their Ops in the 462 Squadron Operational Record Book. Only Officers were named in Postings TO or FROM the squadron, so their arrival was not recorded. However their first Op was on 14 November 1943, flying from Terria, and they carried out a further 5 Ops from Terria in December 1943. The crew relocated with 462 Squadron to El Adem by 01 January 1944, and they carried out 3 Ops in January, and 2 in February 1944 (see Ops listings in later section). This crew also relocated with 462 Squadron to Italy on 01 March 1944, where the squadron was renamed 614 Squadron. This crew was Killed on Operations on the night of 15/16 March 1944. Information was sourced from the 462 Squadron Operational Record Book (ORB) for 1943 and 1944 from the National Archives of Australia; Commonwealth War Graves Commission; and from the Frederick Henry Worthington Archives (with thanks to his son Terry Worthington). Thanks also go to the family of F/Eng David John (Jack) Lewis (his son DJ, and DJ's sister C. Squibb) who have identified Jack and other crew members from their same set of photos. If anyone can assist with identification of crew members in the photos shown below, or can provide photos or information about members of this crew – please make contact. Above: Five members of the Lawson Crew of 462 Squadron (RAAF), in flying gear, beside the rear gun turret of their aircraft, not dated, but appears to have been taken on the same day & time as the adjacent photo), left to right: On 15 Jan and 9 Feb the Rear Gunner was also D R WilliamsOn 9 Jan and 4 Feb the Rear Gunner was F/Lt Leonard Charles Doak Rear Gunner on 11 and 12 December 1943 was F/Sgt L Rackham, no other details recorded, but sometimes recorded as RCAF. Photo from the Frederick Henry Worthington Archives Above: Five members of the Lawson Crew of 462 Squadron (RAAF), some of their flying gear removed,beneath the nose of their aircraft, not dated, left to right: Seven bombs are visible in the nose art. They usually depict the number of Ops for that aircraft. The Lawson crew was flying in BB446 for its Op Numbers 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, and 14 at 462 Sqdn, from Terria (1943) and El Adem (1944). This photo may therefore have been taken on 05 January 1944 at El Adem, for the aircraft's Op 8; or 09 Jan 1944 for aircraft's 9th Op. No other aircraft flown by the Lawson crew matches so conveniently for Op numbers and dates. However the Rear Gunner on 05 Jan was David Roland Williams; and on 09 Jan was L C Doak; whose names do not appear to match "Larry" as recorded in the Lewis family photos. Photo from the Frederick Henry Worthington Archives Three members of the Lawson Crew of 462 Squadron (RAAF), on leave at Alexandria, Egypt, date not known. Name: Lyle Anzac LAWSON Service: Royal Australian Air Force Service Number: 414243 Date of Birth: 12 December 1915 Place of Birth: Murwillumbah, New South Wales Date of Enlistment: 17 August 1941 Place of Enlistment: Brisbane, Queensland Next of Kin: Merle LAWSON Date of Death: 16 March 1944 Rank at Death: Pilot Officer Posting at Death: 614 'County of Glamorgan' Squadron (RAF) Name: James Martin WITHERS Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve Service Number: 1318127 Date of Birth: ..... Place of Birth: ..... Date of Enlistment: ..... Place of Enlistment: ..... Next of Kin: James WITHERS Date of Death: 15 March 1944 Rank at Death: Flight Sergeant Posting at Death: 614 Squadron (RAF) AWM caption: Evans Head, NSW. Group portrait of participants on a course at the RAAF Bombing and Gunnery School, 30 July 1941. Back row, 2nd from right, with blue circle: 405905 Leading Aircraftman (later Warrant Officer) Vivian Dickson (killed on operations 16 March 1944). The names of the other 10 airmen are included on the AWM website. Bomb Aimer Name: Vivian DICKSON(Dicky) Service: Royal Australian Air Force Service Number: 405905 Date of Birth: 16 March 1920 Place of Birth: Brisbane, Qld Date of Enlistment: 22 June 1941 Place of Enlistment: Brisbane, Qld Next of Kin: James DICKSON Date of Death: 16 March 1944 Rank at Death: Warrant Officer Posting at Death: 614 Squadron (RAF) Age at Death: 24 Grave reference: No known grave Commemorated at Malta Memorial, Malta: Panel 16, Column 1 Roll of Honour: Panel 121, Commemorative Area, Australian War Memorial, Canberra Son of James Alexander and Sarah Ann DICKSON, of Bilinga, Qld Son of Mrs J C WILLIAMS, of Rhewl, Llangollen, DenbighshireReturn to Top Flight Engineer Name: David John LEWIS (Jack) Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve Service Number: 1583102 Date of Birth:

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adorning its biiilding, will in such a way as Mr. Shelve proposes thus make friends of the mammon of unrighteousness.' " ' Sir,' said another, ' I move that the grateful thanks of this church be presented to Mr. Quellset for his munificent gift. We have been patiently listening to a lot of arrant nonsense. We 72 NINETEEN HUNDRED? havo nothing to do with the way in which a man chooses to make his money. If we had, I should say that Mr. Qnellset has done the country more good than harm. He has found a new employ- ment for men, women, and children. He pays better wages for box-making and all the other branches of his industries than they could earn in many ways. It is not yet proved that opium does more harm than alcohol ; and, for my own part, I believe that all these good gifts of God, taken in moderation, are tiseful. And, besides, beggars must not be choosers, and it V ould be an insane thing to retiirn a man's money when we need it so much.' " Nevertheless" [added the journal], "this Quixotic company of saints decided by a maiority to return the cash, and pay its debts by the practice of its own self-denial and generosity." There were many qviiet souls filled with piety and patriotism who thanked God and took courage when they heard this, for there was a leaven working in the real Christian society of the day which was destined eventually to bring about a marvellous change. And this change, like almost everything else in England, had to do with politics. CHAPTER IX. IN THE AUTUMN. LITTLE Darentdale led the way. The summer had not yet died into winter, nor had the leisure which comes into a country parish with the short days and long evenings left the thoughts of the people free. Nevertheless, some time and thought were given to an ex- periment which John Dallingtou, urged by Arthur Knight, had proposed should be tested in the village. The village was a small one, and it was almost wholly agricultural. There were about thirty persons who were employers of labour, and the rest were employed by them. Thirteen were looked up to as belonging to the moneyed classes, and of these, Mr. Whitwell — who lived out of the village, but had property in it — and John Dallington were the principal in- dividuals. They employed on their farms the largest number of labourers, bu.t besides these there were two smaller farmers, IN THE AUTUMN. 73 and several other persons who owned or rented a few acres of land, a gentleman who had retired from his business in London and had bought a good-sized house and garden, a lady of limited income, who kept one servant, and the general shop-keeper, who combined the businesses of chemist and druggist, draper, grocer, and coal dealer, all in one. There were, besides, two bakers, a blacksmith, a butcher, four publicans, and Henry Harris. " We have everything in our own hands," said John Dallington, " and it ought to be possible for us to have each man, woman, and child in our care, if not under owe control. We may not be able to make the villagers religious; but surely it is possible so to govern our little world that there shall be no poverty in it, but every one have a share in the comforts and refinements which the richest enjoy. I find that we have some poor to be relieved, and some evilly- disposed persons — the most poor and the most miserable of all — who must be helped out of themselves." There were eight persons in conference — the Vicar, the Rev. George Emerson, the Baptist minister, the Rev. Henry Marshall, and the chief supporter of the Methodists — Mr. Rouse, who was also the principal tradesman in the place — Mr. Whitwell, and Dallington. There was here, happily, no bitterness between the Clergyman and the Dissenting ministers. The men knew each other so well that they had lost the disiDOsition for fighting. In theory, of course, Mr. Marshall thought the Church should be disestablished, and when the time came he would do his duty, and vote to that effect ; in theo]-y, too, Mr. Emerson thought the Dissenters were schismatics, and ought to be repressed; but in practice the men were brothers, who respected the good which they saw in each other, and carried together the burden of the souls of the j)eople. Neither begrudged the other the success which came to him, both moiirned because they, thoiigh helped by the Salvationists and Methodists, failed between them to bring to the house of God as many as two-thirds of the people of Darentdale. But for this sympathy which existed between the Christian workers of the denominations, Dallington would have had no hope whatever for the success of his plan. They had before them a list of the inhabitants, the joint work of Margaret Miller and Tom Whitwell, which gave all necessary particulars of the family and circumstances of each householder, together with certain facts touching their character, religion, and occupation — a list quite easily drawn up, since every individual was well kno"v\Ti. 74 NINETEEN HUNDRED? " Oui' parochial system has already parcelled out the country," began Mi-. Emerson. " And placed a gentleman in every parish," quoted Mr. Marshall, with a significant smile. " Exactly ; and to help him teach the people the Free Churches have been established, so that it is certainly not an impossible thing for us together to provide religious instruction on the Sunday, and visitation during the week. I do not quite know how it is that we have failed to get hold of so many of the people." " For part of the trouble our collections are responsible," said Mr. Marshall. " The working classes do not care to be asked continually for money." " I do not think they mind paying for what they have," said the Methodist. " The penny a week from our people comes in readily enough, and the Salvation Army procures immense sums from the working-classes. The real difficulty is that men do not consider religion a thing worth paying for. They judge it by its professors, and pronounce it a fraud or a failure, because so many of us are not what we declare religion makes people to be. There is not enough difference between those who are naturally good and those who profess to have been made good by grace." " Exactly," said the clergyman. " Among the poor and irreligious of this village there is no man so highly respected as Mr. Harris, who never darkens the doors of church or chapel." " Yes ; the carnal mind is still at enmity against God," re- marked the Baptist minister. " But is not even that, to a great extent, because the representatives of Christ have failed to prove that they are the bringers of good tidings ? What is your gospel of help to the people, Mr. Dallington ?" " Better wages, better homes, more leisure, better amuse- ments, better education," he replied, promptly ; " every Chris- tian employer the friend and brother of his own people ; every church the centre of a religious activity which leaves none near it untouched by brotherly love. And charity begins at home, and everybody is to look after his own neighbour." The little company knew that he was himself doing that which he urged them to do, and this gave him the greater power and influence. The meeting was a very practical one. The farmers declared that they would slightly increase the wages of their men, and follow Dallington's plan. Each cottager should have a strip of land for a garden, and every one who was willing to repair his own house dm-ing the winter should have IN THE AUTUMA. 75 the materials given him. They knew that Dallington had set betore him the task of winning back the whole of his in- heritance, but he would not do it at the expense of the com fort and well-being of his men. Mr. Whitwell was not so rich as he was thought to be. but a few pounds could be spared which, paid in shillings, would make all the difPerence to the families of some of his men. The only thing which had hitherto prevented him from paying more in somli cases was his desire not to appear more generous than his neigh- bours. ° It was agreed at the meeting that there should be an in- vitation sent to all the better-class people in the village to come to the vicarage for consultation. After that, " all who professed

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which links our Emoticon Library to your forums! Members of your website can browse and use emoticons from the library in your forum, and everyone can expand the library making this plugin very useful for those who want a variety of emoticons! Features Live Emoticon Library has a full range of features. Here is a full list: Browse emoticon categorys from within your forum post. One click add to post using [e][/e] tags. Used emoticons are downloaded to your forum and used locally to save our bandwidth and so if the service goes down emoticons still work!Oscar Bianchi is a Gaudeamus Laureate composer of Italian and Swiss citizenships. He is a recipient of several international prizes and honors. He is noted for his large scale works, in particular his cantata Matra for six voices and large ensemble and his opera Thanks to My Eyes. Biography Oscar Bianchi began music studies at the age of 7 under the guidance of Gabriella Montalbetti. In his teenage years, he enrolled at the Milan Conservatory and studied composition with Adriano Guarnieri, Sandro Gorli, Umberto Rotondi and with Salvatore Sciarrino in Città di Castello. At the Milan Conservatory He also studied Choir music and choral conducting with Franco Monego and electronic music with Riccardo Sinigaglia and with Alvise Vidolin at the Bologna Conservatory. In 2003 Oscar Bianchi will eventually foster his education in composition with Fausto Romitelli at the Royaumont Abbey. In name of the friendship that the two composers had established since the early 2000 and after the loss of who was seemingly becoming a mentor, Oscar Bianchi dedicated his composition Mezzogiorno to the memory of Fausto Romitelli. In 2003 he settles in Paris to attend to the yearlong composition and electronic music master course at IRCAM In 2005 he settles in New York City thanks to a fellowships from Columbia University to pursue doctoral studies under the guidance of Tristan Murail In 2009 he spends an year in Berlin as guest of the DAAD Künstlerprogramm Berlin in 2010 he spends several months in Warsaw as guest of Pro-Helvetia Warsaw at the Ujazdów Castle Catalog His works are published by Universal Music Publishing Group Large ensemble, orchestra Orango, for ensemble and audience (2018) Roar, for symphonic orchestra (2017) Contingency, for ensemble (2017) Exordium, for symphonic orchestra (2015-2016) Inventio, for symphonic orchestra (2014-2016) Celeste discontinuità, for cello concertante and string orchestra (2013-2014) Oneness, for clarinet, basset horn and orchestra (2013) Permeability, for 19 instruments and electronics (2013) Ajna Prelude, for orchestra (2010) Vishudda Concerto, for ensemble (2009) Anahata Concerto, for ensemble (2008) Trasparente II, for ensemble (2007, rev 2008) Aqba, nel soffio tuo dolce, for percussion ensemble (2005) Mezzogiorno, for ensemble (2005) Vocal and staged works Sinatra in agony, music-theatre (2018) Circled Existence, for electric guitar and six voices (2018) Partendo, for countertenor and ensemble (2015) Here, for soprano and string orchestra (2014) The Past, for 11 performers (2014) Approve, for countertenor and 8 instruments (2014) Fluente, for soprano, barytone and bagpipes (2013) Sotto Vuoto, for female voice and percussion (2012) Lullaby, for male voice and five musicians (2012) Ante Litteram, for six voices a cappella (also for six voices and bass clarinet) (2012-2013) The Infinite Jest, for soprano, dancer and actress (2012) Thanks To My Eyes, opera in one act, libretto and staging by Joël Pommerat (2011) Matra, Cantata for vocal ensemble, instrumental ensemble and trio concertante (2007) Primordia Rerum, for soprano and ensemble (2003) Instrumental Étude no 1, for piano (2018) Senza, for recorder and violin (2018) Antilope, for bass clarinet, cello and piano (2018) Pathos of distance, string quartet no 2 (2017) Topologia delle passioni, for wind quintet (2016) Alteritas, for bass clarinet (2015) Reinforced Sympathy', for two ouds (2015)Derogatory Magnifier, for oboe solo (2014)Docile ascesa, for contrabass solo (2014)De Profundis, for basset horn solo (2011, rev 2013)Adesso, string quartet no 1 (2011)http://www.hcmf.co.uk/Oscar-Bianchi-Restless-Exhaustionhttps://www.nme.com/nme-video/youtube/id/UxMPjutd8lcSchegge, for prepared piano (2011)Gr…, for bass flute (2010)http://www.arsmusica.be/Files/media/Docs%20pour%20le%20site/Livrets%20programmes/vignaroli.pdfSemplice, for violin (2010)Zaffiro, for four instruments (2005) Crepuscolo, for Paetzold contrabass recorder and electronics (2004)De Rerum Natura'', for flute and violin (2001) Awards 2016 «Partendo», for countertenor and ensemble wins the 63rd Unesco International Rostrum of Composers 2014 Grand Prix de la Musique SACEM, catégorie Musique Symphonique 2013 Portrait CD awarded Preis der Deutschen Schallplattenkritik 2013 Crepuscolo CD awarded Nutida Swedish prize 2012 Crepuscolo CD nominated for the Swedish Grammy Awards 2010 Prix Dussurget, Festival d'Aix-en-Provence 2008 Alarm Will Sound competition winner, Alice Tully Hall Reopening Nights Festival, Lincoln Center - New York 2005-2007 ICTUS ensemble, Brussels: composer in residence 2005 Gaudeamus first prize 2004 Aargauer Kuratorium, Switzerland: Career grant (Beitrag an das künstlerische Schaffen) Selected discography PORTRAIT CD, Klangforum Wien, Ensemble Modern, Ictus Ensemble, Nieuw Ensemble, and others. 2013 MGB, CTS-M 138 MATRA, Ictus Ensemble, Neue Vocalsolisten Stuttgart, Susanne Fröhlich, Rico Gübler, Michael Schmid, George-Elie Octors. 2013 Sub Rosa Record, CYP4502 SEMPLICE, Miranda Cuckson. UAV-CD-5998 CREPUSCOLO, Anna Petrini. 2012 db Production, dbCD143 GRAMMONT SÉLECTION 4, Paolo Vignaroli. 2010 MGB, CTS-M 130 Collaborations Oscar Bianchi has written for and collaborated with artists such as Pablo Heras-Casado, Sabine Meyer, Jack Quartet, Quatuor Diotima, David Grimal, Franck Ollu, Joel Pommerat, Constanza Macras Stefan Asbury, Pascal Rophé, Enno Poppe, Miranda Cuckson, Baldur Brönnimann, Brad Lubman. with orchestras such as the Gewandhaus Orchestra, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, Deutsche Symphonie Orchester, Klangforum Wien, Ensemble Modern, Ictus,, Uusinta Ensemble, Neuevocalsolisten Stuttgart, Remix Ensemble, Alarm Will Sound, International Contemporary Ensemble, Les Percussions de Strasbourg,Nieuw Ensemble, Ensemble l’Itinéraire, Ensemble Contrechamps, Kammerensemble für neue Musik Berlin, Phoenix Ensemble, Collegium Novum Zürich, Drumming Grupo de Percussão from Porto, Ensemble Laboratorium, Österreichisches Ensemble für neue Musik, Sound’arte Eklekto, San Francisco Contemporary Music Players. Oscar Bianchi has taught composition at Columbia University, at the Royaumont Abbey and at the Luzern Musikhochschule External links http://brahms.ircam.fr/composers/composer/21896/ http://music.columbia.edu/columbiacomposers/?page_id=261 http://www.festivalmusica.org/biographies/voir/20 http://www.berliner-kuenstlerprogramm.de/en/gast.php?id=1124 http://royaumont.voixnouvelles.fr/index

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The resource // will be updated or deleted only if the etag you provide matches the resource's current etag value. IfMatch *string `mandatory:"false" contributesTo:"header" name:"if-match"` // Unique Oracle-assigned identifier for the request. // If you need to contact Oracle about a particular request, please provide the request ID. OpcRequestId *string `mandatory:"false" contributesTo:"header" name:"opc-request-id"` // Metadata about the request. This information will not be transmitted to the service, but // represents information that the SDK will consume to drive retry behavior. RequestMetadata common.RequestMetadata } func (request UpdateInstancePoolRequest) String() string { return common.PointerString(request) } // HTTPRequest implements the OCIRequest interface func (request UpdateInstancePoolRequest) HTTPRequest(method, path string) (http.Request, error) { return common.MakeDefaultHTTPRequestWithTaggedStruct(method, path, request) } // RetryPolicy implements the OCIRetryableRequest interface. This retrieves the specified retry policy. func (request UpdateInstancePoolRequest) RetryPolicy() *common.RetryPolicy { return request.RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy } // UpdateInstancePoolResponse wrapper for the UpdateInstancePool operation type UpdateInstancePoolResponse struct { // The underlying http response RawResponse *http.Response // The InstancePool instance InstancePool `presentIn:"body"` // For optimistic concurrency control. See `if-match`. Etag *string `presentIn:"header" name:"etag"` // Unique Oracle-assigned identifier for the request. If you need to contact // Oracle about a particular request, please provide the request ID. OpcRequestId *string `presentIn:"header" name:"opc-request-id"` } func (response UpdateInstancePoolResponse) String() string { return common.PointerString(response) } // HTTPResponse implements the OCIResponse interface func (response UpdateInstancePoolResponse) HTTPResponse() *http.Response { return response.RawResponse } Curtis Johnson is named Tulane head coach Monday, December 05, 2011 4:28 PM TED JACKSON / THE TIMES-PICAYUNE New Orleans Saints head coach Sean Payton hugs Angel Johnson, the wife of New Orleans Saints receivers coach Curtis Johnson, after he was introduced as Tulane's new head football coach at Tulane's Wilson Center, Monday, December 5, 2011./*------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Copyright 2007-2009 (c) Jeff Brown <[email protected]> * * This file is part of the ZBar Bar Code Reader. * * The ZBar Bar Code Reader is free software; you can redistribute it * and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of * the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * The ZBar Bar Code Reader is distributed in the hope that it will be * useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU Lesser Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser Public License * along with the ZBar Bar Code Reader; if not, write to the Free * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, * Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA * * http://sourceforge.net/projects/zbar *------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #ifndef _WINDOW_X_H_ #define _WINDOW_X_H_ #include "window.h" #ifdef HAVE_X # include <X11/Xlib.h> # include <X11/Xutil.h> # ifdef HAVE_X11_EXTENSIONS_XSHM_H # include <X11/extensions/XShm.h> # endif #ifdef HAVE_X11_EXTENSIONS_XVLIB_H # include <X11/extensions/Xvlib.h> #endif #endif struct window_state_s { unsigned long colors[8]; /* pre-allocated colors */ GC gc; /* graphics context */ Region exposed; /* region to redraw */ XFontStruct *font; /* overlay font */ /* pre-calculated logo geometries */ int logo_scale; unsigned long logo_colors[2]; Region logo_zbars; XPoint logo_z[4]; XRectangle logo_bars[5]; #ifdef HAVE_X11_EXTENSIONS_XSHM_H XShmSegmentInfo shm; /* shared memory segment */ #endif union { XImage *x; #ifdef HAVE_X11_EXTENSIONS_XVLIB_H XvImage *xv; #endif } img; XID img_port; /* current format port */ XID *xv_ports; /* best port for format */ int num_xv_adaptors; /* number of adaptors */ XID *xv_adaptors; /* port grabbed for each adaptor */ }; extern int _zbar_window_probe_ximage(zbar_window_t*); extern int _zbar_window_probe_xshm(zbar_window_t*); extern int _zbar_window_probe_xv(zbar_window_t*); #endif 31 A.3d 657 (2011) SLIPPERY ROCK AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT, Appellant v. PENNSYLVANIA CYBER CHARTER SCHOOL, Appellee. No. 27 WAP 2010. Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Argued April 12, 2011. Decided November 23, 2011. *658 Thomas W. King III, Thomas E. Breth, Dillon McCandless King Coulter & Graham L.L.P., Butler, for Slippery Rock Area School District, Appellant. Shon Kelly Worner, W. Timothy Barry & Associates, L.L.C., Canonsburg, for *659 Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School, Appellee. CASTILLE, C.J., SAYLOR, EAKIN, BAER, TODD, McCAFFERY, ORIE MELVIN, JJ. OPINION Justice ORIE MELVIN. We granted review to determine whether a public school district is obligated to fund a kindergarten program offered by a cyber charter school for a four-year-old student when the district has exercised its discretion not to offer such a program in its public schools. For the reasons that follow, we conclude that the school district is not required to fund the program. Accordingly, we reverse the order of the Commonwealth Court. The Charter School Law ("CSL"), 24 P.S. §§ 17-1701-A-17-1751-A, provides for the funding of charter schools by requiring a school district to pay the charter school for each student residing in the district who attends the charter school. If a school district fails to make the payment, the CSL authorizes the Secretary of Education ("Secretary") to deduct the appropriate amount from the state's payments to the district. 24 P.S. § 17-1725-A(a)(5).[1] On October 25, 2006, the Secretary notified Appellant, Slippery Rock Area School District ("Slippery Rock"), that funds had been deducted from the district's state subsidy and were made payable to Appellee, Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School ("Cyber School").[2] The Secretary deducted funds because Slippery Rock failed to pay Cyber School for numerous students residing in the district who were attending Cyber School. Pursuant to section 17-1725-A(a)(6) of the CSL, the Secretary advised Slippery Rock that it had thirty days in which to contest the deductions. By letter dated November 21, 2006, Slippery Rock notified the Department that the deduction was "inaccurate." Slippery Rock objected to the withholding of $1,716.63 for a four-year-old female student enrolled in Cyber School's kindergarten program. Slippery Rock asserted that the deduction for this student was "contrary to law" because the Public School Code of 1949 ("PSC"), 24 P.S. §§ 1-101-27-2702, requires the district "to educate every person, residing in the district, between the ages of six and twenty-one years." 24 P.S. § 5-501. Slippery Rock averred that while it operates a discretionary kindergarten program for five-year-old children, the four-year-old student still fell below the age threshold. Since the student at issue did not meet the age

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‘I’m a moving target. I don’t know—or refuse to admit—what sexual orientation I will identify with in the future.” That is what every person who calls themselves “gender fluid” is really saying. Yes, free speech allows you to call yourself “fluid.” But your right to free speech doesn’t force the rest of us to take a bulldozer to our bathrooms. When you say you’re “gender fluid,” you’re really conceding that you’re impossible to please. The legislation that you claim to want today will—by your own admission—not necessarily please you forever. Small businesses—from gas stations, to pizza parlors, to local pubs—should not be mandated to go bankrupt gutting and remodeling their restrooms every few years based on whims of the Fluids. Indeed, if we were to tell someone from another country that our country passes laws based on 0.6% of the population—they’d probably laugh out loud. Long-Term Thinking: Economics 101 Obviously, in a moral society, our first and strongest argument against allowing biological males to share a communal restroom with biological females would be an appeal to natural law, or the conscience. So, I recommend we employ an economic argument. After all, those who oppose SB 6 are employing an economic argument of their own. Texas’ largest cities will lose $407 million in revenue from conferences and sporting events!, SB 6 opponents claim. Dallas, for example, will supposedly lose $157 million in potential convention revenue; Houston will lose $100 million and Austin will lose $110 million. And a whopping two groups have told the City of San Antonio that they will reconsider hosting events in San Antonio if the bill passes. Such claims, however, represent short-term thinking. And basing important decisions on short-term thinking is generally a great way to make a fatal mistake. Why are we presuming that—10 years from now—businesspeople will still want to gather in hotels for conferences? Nothing about the typical conference (expensive prices; boring topics; outdated PowerPoint presentations; rubber chicken dinners; and dorky name tags on lanyards) resonates with my generation (Millennials are cheap; tech-savvy; picky eaters; and nonconformist). When all the Baby Boomers eventually do retire, the next generation of CEOs is more likely to gather their forces for a remote yoga retreat center in the Rocky Mountains than a stiff and formal conference at a swanky hotel in a densely-populated downtown area. So why would we pass a law—and force thousands of businesses to spend millions of dollars retrofitting their bathrooms—based on a corporate activity (traditional conference-going) that may be extinct within the next decade? Writing bathroom legislation on the possibility of losing the next NCAA championship; World Series; or Super Bowl in Texas is also silly, short-term thinking. The NFL never pulled Super Bowl 2017 from Houston, despite the fact that Houston voters shut down a piece of legislation that would have added sexual orientation and gender identity to anti-discrimination rules. Equality at Stake Transgender bathrooms, interestingly but not surprisingly, are the brainchild of President Obama. Last May, he issued an order via the Justice Department which arbitrarily stated that “As a condition of receiving Federal funds,” schools must not discriminate on sex—and must allow transgender students to decide which bathroom works best of them, regardless of the views of the majority of the student body. Obama set a dangerous precedent with this directive such that transgender students have more rights than those who identify as heterosexual or homosexual. How long is it before a new protected class displaces the transgender class? Bathroom legislation such as SB 6 actually recognizes the equality that every American has before the law better than directives such as Obama’s. SB 6 treats people as equal by taking into account the one factor we can know with certitude about every human being: their biological sex. By considering a known factor that we were all born with—rather than a fluid, moving target—namely the sexual identity with which they identify on any given day—we are treating everyone equally before the law. Determining bathroom access by biological sex is not a judgment against someone who identifies as transgender. It’s as matter-of-fact and impersonal as a birth certificate. Private stalls will surely become the wave of the future, allowing every individual to have privacy in the bathroom. Until then, we can’t force small businesses to go bankrupt catering to the constantly fluctuating sexual orientations of their patrons. Texas, don’t follow North Carolina’s lead and cave on this important issue. Stand up for true equality and tell the Democrats to “Come and take it.” Leave a Reply... Choose your avatar Please choose an avatar by clicking above. If an avatar is not selected, the bottom-right default icon will be chosen. * Use Arrow Keys to Navigate Comment Box * ** Your email address will not be published ** − five = 4 Thanks for visiting KatieKieffer.com! Please know that your comments are your sole opinion and they are not endorsed by Katie or KatieKieffer.com even if they are posted. Please remember you are a visitor on this site and your commenting and posting privileges may be revoked if you fail to comply with the Terms of Use.“Can a woman forget her nursing child, And not have compassion on the son of her womb? Surely they may forget, yet I will not forget you. "See, I have inscribed you on the palms of My hands..." Isaiah 49:15-16 The unthinkable had happened! King Ahasuerus, the mighty ruler over the vast Persian Empire had been humiliated in front of officials from his 127 provinces that stretched "from India to Ethiopia"! On the seventh day of his lavish celebration, he had sent for his beautiful wife, Queen Vashti. But she was busy and refused to come. The king was furious! To counter this public insult, his "wise men" suggested that he dispose of his queen and find "another who is better than she." Soon a message was passed throughout the empire inviting beautiful young virgins to compete for the royal position. The king would choose his replacement Today we might frown on such lofty display of royal power, but God used it to save His people. For behind the scenes, a deadly battle was being fought. A major player in this drama was Mordecai, a third generation exile from Israel. His grandfather, Kish, was among the first Jews to be "carried away" to Babylon decades earlier -- a tragic consequence of their rebellion against their Lord. Mordecai's much younger cousin, whom he had raised as his own daughter, was the sweet and beautiful Esther. With her inner as well as outer beauty, she quickly won the heart of the king. But her Jewish heritage remained a secret, for Mordecai "had charged her not to reveal it." An evil plot serves God's eternal plan While Esther lived inside the royal compound, Mordecai spent his days waiting and pacing near the king's gate, hoping to hear from her. That's just where God wanted him, for one day he overheard an angry conversation between two doorkeepers plotting to harm the king. Mordecai told Queen Esther, and she warned the king -- giving credit to Mordecai. Court officials confirmed the threats, and the two men were hanged. The event was documented in the royal chronicles -- then quickly forgotten. "I will give you the ... hidden riches of secret places, That you may know that I, the Lord... Am the God of Israel." Isaiah 45:3 Hatred for Jews can't block God's love for His people "King Ahasuerus promoted Haman... and set his seat above all the princes who were with him." The fact that Haman was an Amalekite -- from a nation that had repeatedly tried to annihilate Israel -- would hardly matter to the king. But Mordecai was alarmed. So when everyone else bowed to Haman, Mordecai refused. In other words, he was flaunting the "politically correct" rules of his times! And Mordecai's Jewishness didn't help lessen the offense. Furious at such lack of submission, Haman determined to "destroy all the Jews." His complaint to the king was a deceptive blend of facts and lies -- not unlike some of today's media messages: “There is a certain people scattered and dispersed among the people in all the provinces of your kingdom; their laws are different from all other people’s, and they do not keep the king’s laws. Therefore it is not fitting for the king to let them remain. If it pleases the king, let a decree be written that they be destroyed....”(3:8-9) The king agreed and gave Haman his official "signet ring." "The money and the people are given to you," he said, "to do with them as seems good to you.” Before long, a new law was written "according to all that Haman commanded."

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. When my wife, Shelby, and I found out that she was pregnant with Sam, we didn't even think about the possibility that she might die; we didn't really have to. If we'd bothered to look it up, we'd have learned that her odds of death were around one-eightieth of a percent. With those odds, we had the luxury to take control of the whole experience. We got to choose from among several options for the childbirth: Shelby could give birth at home or we could go to a hospital; we could have the baby delivered by a midwife or by a doctor; Shelby could use no painkillers at all or have the lower half of her body completely frozen by an epidural. No matter what our decisions, we knew that she and the baby would almost certainly both survive. Those decisions, and others like them, were usually presented along a continuum between a "natural childbirth" and a "medicalized childbirth." Here's where I want to start challenging your assumptions about sex and nature. Take a moment to think about what defines a "natural" birth. Is it where the baby is born that matters? Is it whether or not drugs are used? Is it who delivers the baby that matters? What makes one childbirth more natural than another? As Shelby and I got closer and closer to the due date, everyone kept telling us that we could make whatever decisions we wanted, but there was a definite pressure, especially from our friends, to choose the "natural" course wherever possible. People kept saying completely meaningless things like "Women have been having babies for centuries." (How does that help at all? They've been dying in childbirth too!) Worse, several people tried to calm us by saying things like "Nothing should go wrong just so long as Shelby relaxes, gets in touch with her body, and lets things take their natural course." Or "This is what her body was made for." That is where my issue lies with the entire concept of a natural childbirth. If you say, "Things go well when a mother is in touch with her natural self," you've implied that when things go wrong, it might be the woman's fault for failing to do so. It's sad enough that more than a quarter of a million women die from maternal causes each year,VIII but to blame even a fraction of them for their own deaths, because they somehow failed to be "natural" enough, is perverse. In addition, that hijacking of the word natural puts a woman who does have access to modern technologies in a very difficult position. It erodes her ability to choose what she wants by making certain options at childbirth seem at odds with other decisions in her life. For example, if a woman chooses to eat organic foods, or if she enjoys spending time outside, she may feel pressure to make decisions about childbirth that are also labeled "natural." Of course, how a baby comes out of you has nothing to do with what you eat or how you exercise, but when things are presented that way, a person can be pushed into a decision that ultimately may not be the best one for them. Take epidurals, for example. To say that a woman should be able to handle the pain of childbirth without an epidural because she's in touch with her natural body seems crazy to me. Giving birth is undoubtedly one of the toughest experiences a human being could ever have, so why should a woman be labeled "unnatural" if she uses modern medicine to help her through? I'm not saying all women should have epidurals. I'm just saying choosing an epidural shouldn't be seen as some kind of unwomanly act. Labeling an epidural-free childbirth as more "natural" than one with painkillers just isn't fair. Humans use drugs all the time, for all kinds of reasons, and humans have been using narcotics for centuries. Why is childbirth the only time drugs are suddenly so taboo? My hunch is that it's because women have epidurals and men don't. If I have a headache, I take Tylenol, and nobody's ever called me unnatural for that. Why should a woman facing childbirth suddenly be forced to tough it out? Then there's the whole decision about where to have a baby. Many people consider home births more natural than births in hospitals. That drives me nuts. Try to name one context in which the men who go to the hospital for a treatment are labeled unnatural. Creating an arbitrary and unjustified set of standards for women, on what might be the hardest day of their life, with no corresponding set of rules for men, is ludicrous. If it's so unnatural for a woman to go to a hospital, should we discourage women from working as doctors too? Let me be clear: I'm not advocating for any particular choices—hospital or home, drug-free or epidural, midwife or doctor, C-section or vaginal, squatting on the floor or lying on your back. I don't even care if you want to eat the placenta afterward. Those are all perfectly valid options. I'm just saying let's take the false label of "natural" out of the equation so that women can be free to choose whatever experience they want. The reason different people have different definitions of a "natural childbirth" is that it's an imaginary concept. Neither a hospital room nor a modern living room will replicate the places our ancestors delivered babies seven hundred years ago, and nothing from that era would match the experience our ancestors had a million years ago. While it might be helpful to think about the kinds of procedures women have used in the past, it's not fair to say a woman alive today can only be natural by trying to replicate what some women did long ago. And if they should do so, which women? In what culture? At what time? As far as I'm concerned, it doesn't matter if a woman gives birth on the international space station or if she gives birth squatting in the woods with her mother-in-law banging pots nearby to keep the bears away. If a baby comes out, it's a childbirth. Let's leave the word natural out of it. Childbirth is tough for women, but there are animals out there that have it even worse than humans do. That's why I relish the moments when people say things about childbirth like "You should take inspiration from a pregnant cat or dog and the way they naturally know what to do, and just let nature take its course." People wouldn't say those kinds of things if they had pet hyenas, and it's fun to see the looks on their faces when I tell them why. Hyenas are weird. They look like dogs, but they're not dogs at all. In fact, they're more closely related to cats than to dogs.IX The female spotted hyena is especially weird, because she has a great big, hollow, tubular clitoris that really for all intents and purposes looks exactly like the penis of a male. It can even swell up and get erect just like a penis. The labia, which are the liplike structures on either side of a human's vaginal opening, have fused together in spotted hyenas and almost look like a scrotum. And as with a penis, the only opening of a female hyena's reproductive tract is at the very tip of that clitoris. They pee through it, have sex through it, and give birth through it. Even for biologists who work with spotted hyenas every day, it can be very difficult to tell a male from a female. When a male sticks his penis into a female's clitoris during sex, her muscles pull the tip of the clitoris open, and then the whole thing folds outside in, kind of like the inverted sleeve of a shirt.X It's weird, but it works. Spotted hyenas mate and get pregnant without any major issues, but when the time comes for giving birth, that huge clitoris becomes a huge problem. The baby can't fit out the hole at the tip, and worse, the umbilical cord can't reach all the way from the placenta to the tip of the clitoris. The only way for the baby to come out alive is for the clitoris to tear open. That tearing happens the first time a mother gives birth. In captivity, 10 to 20 percent of females die while giving birth to their first litter. In the wild, survival rates appear to be much higher, but the clitoris tearing still happens. After that first birth, the torn clitoris heals, and the scar that's left behind seems to make subsequent births easier. Since they cause so much trouble, you're probably wondering why spotted hyenas have such ridiculous clitorises. It turns out it all comes down to spotted hyena society. They live in a strict hierarchy, with an alpha hyena at the top, a beta hyena below that one, a gamma hyena next, and so on. What makes the spotted hyena hierarchy unusual compared to the group structures of other hierarchical mammals, like those of baboons, for example, is that the top rungs of spotted hyena society are held by females. In fact, every single adult female ranks more highly than every single adult male. When a female spotted hyena is born, she immediately outranks her father and can pick on him as a cub with impunity. Females have a huge incentive to be aggressive. Females rank above males because they are larger and more aggressive than males are, and the higher a female's ranking is, the better her young's chances of survival will be. Furthermore, the alpha female has around 2.75 times as many daughters as the lowest-ranking female does

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ellipse Minor axis | Minor axis length of the fitted ellipse Eccentricity | Ratio of distance between foci of the fitted ellipse and its major axis length. Takes a value between 0 and 1 with values closer to 0 being more circular Max intensity | Pixel value of the most intensity pixel in the segmentation Min. intensity | Pixel value of the least intensity pixel in the segmentation Change in area | Difference in area between each successive frame Change in perimeter | Difference in perimeter between each successive frame Change in centroid | Pairwise difference in centroid between each successive frame Velocity | Computed velocity of the segmented cofilin ROI The algorithm was used to segment regions of high cofilin intensity in time-lapse videos of PA-Rac-/wt-Cofilin-expressing neurons . Figure 15.4 illustrates an oscillatory type of cofilin transport in a subset of the dendritic spines. The software was used to approximate that every 5 min cofilin will accumulate in the spine heads, followed by a rapid export from dendritic spines, which can be visualized in attached Movie #2. Also, cofilin can cluster in the form of aggregated cofilin-actin rods, and can be distinguished as areas of cofilin saturation (high pixel intensity). To analyze the effect on the entire neuron as a whole, it was necessary to develop a statistical model of the different types of cofilin and changes occurring in the target video population over time. Fig. 15.4 Tracking cofilin in PA-Rac and wt-cofilin-expressing neurons using time-lapse imaging. Photoactivation of PA-Rac in neurons expressing GFP-wt-cofilin resulted in an oscillatory type of cofilin accumulation and export from the dendritic spines approximately every 5 min. Cofilin can cluster and move in spines and can be identified by areas of cofilin saturation and high pixel intensity. White arrows denotes cofilin clusters in the dendritic spine. Movie 2 QR code provides a link to the corresponding video ### 15.2.3 Video Bioinformatics Analysis The different species of cofilin were classified over time in the entire video, using the cofilin tracking algorithm and additional bioinformatics tools (Fig. 15.5). Specifically, kymographs can provide a graphical representation of dynamics over time, where the spatial axis represents time [50]. Kymographs of dendritic regions were used to map the trajectory of the ROIs and visualize features such as length and movement of cofilin. Kymographs were created by taking a maximum intensity projection of each frame and concatenating them on top of each other to create a time lapse image. The y-axis represents time in frames and the x-axis is the projection image of each frame. Kymographs of wt-Cofilin-expressing neurons were used to illustrate spatiotemporal translocation of GFP-cofilin regions (Fig. 15.5A, green) in response to the PA-Rac activation. Time-lapse imaging revealed different classes of cofilin: cofilin-actin aggregates, which can be characterized by long regions of high cofilin intensity and minimal movement (Fig. 15.5Aa); freely moving cofilin regions, which exhibit an oscillatory type of dynamics (Fig. 15.5Ab); and hybrid structures, which can alter between rods and freely moving cofilin (Fig. 15.5Ac). Subsequently, the cofilin tracking algorithm was used to segment regions of high cofilin-GFP intensity, followed by extraction of various morphological features listed in Table 15.1. Fig. 15.5 Results from kymographs and the cofilin tracking algorithm used to classify different cofilin species. A Kymographs of cofilin-expressing neurons used to illustrate spatiotemporal trajectory of GFP-cofilin regions (green) in response to various stimuli. Time-lapse imaging reveals different cofilin classifications: (a) cofilin-actin aggregates, characterized by long regions of high cofilin intensity and minimal movement; (b) freely moving cofilin regions, which exhibit an oscillatory type of dynamics; and (c) hybrid structures, which alternate between rods and freely moving cofilin. The bottom row represents the kymographs as maximum intensity projections of the top images along the y-axis. As you move down vertically on the kymograph, time increases. B Classification results from the cofilin tracking algorithm, and their regions of high cofilin-GFP intensity were segmented and their length (major axis line) was extracted. Regions 3, 6, and 7 can be classified as freely moving cofilin regions, since their lengths are ≤3 µm. However, regions 2, 4, and 5 can be classified as rods due to longer lengths, and regions 1 and 7 as hybrids since they display a significant shift in length Fig. 15.6 A cofilin classifier algorithm was used to distinguish the different cofilin forms based on extracted characteristics. a The number of segmented cofilin regions were tracked in each frame, and classified as either rods, hybrids, or freely moving cofilin forms. Note that the number of freely moving cofilin (red curve) significantly increases over time; whereas, the rods (blue curve) and hybrids (green curve) predominately remain unchanged. b A change of centroid feature was used to further differentiate between the different types of cofilin. Note that the freely moving cofilin curve has several peaks, which may correlate with its oscillatory type of behavior. In contrast, the rod and hybrid curves are smooth, which is in line with the fact that they move less ### 15.2.4 Cofilin Classification and Features As previously mentioned, hyperactive cofilin can lead to the formation of cofilin-saturated actin filaments called rods [6]. Rods disrupt synaptic function and are a good indicator of synaptic loss prior to neuronal loss [6]. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to automatically classify the various types and relative ratios of the various cofilin forms, such as the accumulated rods in neurites. This can be done with a cofilin rod classification algorithm , which uses a combination of features for detection of various cofilin forms. This software is able to classify the segmented tracks as cofilin-actin rods, freely moving cofilin, or hybrids cofilin regions by using a decision tree. The length of the segmented region is a useful indicator and has been previously used to identify rods in hippocampal neurons [50]. The length of a cofilin region is found by extracting the segmented region's major axis length. Next, regions <3 µm length were classified as freely moving cofilin, and regions of ≥3 µm length were classified as either rod or hybrid cofilin forms. However, additional features were required to make further distinctions between rods and hybrids. Another key feature is the change in centroid of the segmented ROI , which detects the distance traveled (pair-wise displacement) between each frame. If the region is not freely moving, then the change in centroid is checked to determine if it is a rod or hybrid cofilin form. Figure 15.6b demonstrates the average change in centroid values between each frame for the different cofilin classes. All three curves experience a drop in the first and last few frames, which may be due to fact that not all tracks are equivalent in length. The algorithm can be developed in the future to recognize a returning cyclic cofilin region that has previously disappeared. Therefore, the data may be skewed at both extremes of the curve. The freely moving curve also shows an elevated change in centroid values and a noisier curve, which may be a good indicator of its oscillatory behavior. Conversely, the rod and hybrid cofilin groups have lowered change in centroid values and smoother curves, which correlate with the observation that they move less. The hybrid curves have a steady decline in change of centroid over time. It is interesting that the number of freely moving cofilin regions increased over time (Fig. 15.6a). This may signify that the total pool of cofilin is being converted into more dynamic, freely moving types. However, the number of rods and hybrids are relatively stable, indicating that fewer new structures of these two cofilin types appear over time. ### 15.2.5 Monitoring the Remodeling of Spines A spine tracking algorithm was developed to monitor and quantify the synaptic remodeling effects. Extracting the spines begins by focusing on a subregion in the video and segmenting the entire dendrite and its spines from the video's background. The software allows the user freedom to select a region of intensity and intensity threshold . Once extracted, the segmentation silhouette is automatically divided into two parts: the main dendritic branch and its individual spines. Next, spines are removed with an algorithm using morphological operators. The algorithm begins by removing boundary pixels from the silhouette until only a general skeleton of its shape remains. Afterwards spur pixels (pixels with exactly one, 8-connected neighbor) are removed from the skeleton. Spur pixels are connected diagonally to other pixels and connected in only one direction. This allows us to remove all diagonally connected spines. Also, spines that diverge more than a specified angle (45°) from the main dendrite were removed. These two operations enable removal of all spines from the skeleton leaving the main dendritic branch. The algorithm than dilates the branch by a function of its border pixels, giving us a general idea of the size of the main dendritic branch. This result is subtracted from the original silhouette to give only the segmentations of dendritic spines. By monitoring the volume and morphology of spines,

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^{-4} \, {\rm M}_\odot {\rm /yr}} \right)^{-1}$$ $$\times \left( \frac{\beta_{\rm s}}{0.1} \right)^{-2} \left( \frac{E_{\rm CR}}{10\,{\rm TeV}} \right)^{-1} \; .$$ $e^{\pm}$ pair creation due to $p\gamma$ interactions does not yield a stronger constraint. In the case of Wolf-Rayet progenitors with the above parameters, $\tau_{\rm pp,p \gamma} \gtrsim 3$s. Consequently, TeV energies may be reached for WRs. Observational consequences {#obs} ========================== A discussion on progenitors for which the CS is expected to form before SB may be found at the end of Section \[thick\], from Eq. (\[ConditionCS\]). We now describe the two main observational consequences : X-ray flashes and high-energy neutrinos. For fast shocks ($\beta_{\rm s} \gtrsim 0.1 - 0.2$), RDS start to depart from thermal equilibrium, which may produce XRFs in association with SBs [@Weaver76; @Sapir:2011ds]. For slower shocks, UV photons are typically expected. We predict that even for lower $\beta_{\rm s}$, photons with energies $\gtrsim (1 - 10{\rm s})$keV can be emitted from the [*beginning*]{} of SB, but for a different reason: This happens when the radiative CS forms significantly before SB, such as for RSGs (or WRs with ’slow’ shocks) surrounded with optically thick winds. It would heat the plasma at $r \ll r_{\rm br}$ to temperatures higher than expected for a ’slow’ RDS ($\sim 10 - 100$eV) and load the thick wind with (hard) X-rays. This would result in a flash at breakout that both contains hard photons reflecting the presence of the hot downstream of the CS, and softer photons (notably UV) from the remains of the former RDS. The energy radiated at breakout is typically $\sim 10^{45-47}$erg depending on the tested progenitors –see also [@Katz:2011fz] and [@Sapir:2013vda]. We find that, from the [*beginning*]{} of SB, the fraction of the energy emitted in X-rays is already roughly comparable with that in softer photons: From $\approx 10$% to more than a half, with the largest fractions also corresponding to the highest maximum X-ray energies. The X-ray flux rises abruptly on a time scale $\sim r_{\rm br}/c \approx 30$s($\frac{r_{\rm br}}{10^{12}\,{\rm cm}}$), and then decays more slowly due to the persistence of inverse Compton on background photons in a wind with $\rho \propto r^{-2}$. Observations in different energy bands will be needed to distinguish between progenitors following the scenario presented here, and those for which the CS only starts to form [*during*]{} breakout, as suggested by [@Katz:2011zx]. The production history of CRs at $\tau \gg \beta_{\rm s}^{-1}$ should also leave imprints in the spectrum at SB : Secondary $\gamma$-rays, notably from $\pi^{0}$ decay, are injected in the wind and partly reprocessed to lower energies through $e^{\pm}$ cascades on the large photon background ($\gamma + \gamma_{\rm b} \rightarrow e^{+} + e^{-}$). The fact that outer layers of the thick wind at $r \lesssim r_{\rm br}$ may have been mostly accelerated by the CS implies that the energy [*radiated*]{} at SB may be $\ll 4\pi r_{\rm br}^{2} c^{2} \beta_{\rm s}/\kappa$. This may ease the tension between radiated energy and duration of the emission for XRF 080109 (see e.g. [@Sapir:2013vda]), provided this event corresponds to SB from such an optically thick wind. The relatively low photon flux at breakout would be consistent with more energy being in the thermal plasma behind a CS, as expected in our scenario. This work also provides a new technique to access information on SN progenitors inside thick winds, such as the radius of the stellar core $r_\ast$, and the density profile at $\tau \gtrsim \beta_{\rm s}^{-1}$. By detecting secondary $\gtrsim 100\,{\rm GeV}-1$TeV neutrinos (from notably $\pi^{\pm}$ decay) before the first photons from breakout, one will improve our knowledge of the still poorly understood late stages of massive star evolution. The time interval between the arrival of the first neutrinos and photons is $\Delta t_{\nu \gamma} \approx (r_{\rm br} - r_\ast) (\beta_{\rm s}^{-1}-1)/c \approx 8$hr (resp. 5min) for RSGs (resp. WRs) with the above parameters, $\tilde{r_{\rm br}} = 10$ and $\beta_{\rm s} = 0.1$. Assuming that 5% of the energy processed by the shock is channelled into CRs, we typically find for a source at distance $l$, and a processed mass between $r_\ast$ and $r_{\rm br}$ of $\approx 10^{-5}$M$_\odot$, that $\sim 10^{3}\, (3\,{\rm kpc}/l)^{2}$ neutrinos with $\sim$TeV energies would be detectable [*before SB*]{} by IceCube or KM3NeT. One could record a few of such neutrinos for an event in the Magellanic Clouds. The low rate of such supernovae within $\simeq 100$kpc from Earth is the main limitation to the detection of these neutrinos with a km$^3$ observatory. For example, the rate of 2008D-like supernovae in our Galaxy should be at most 1/1000yr. A supernova detected in neutrinos in the pre-shock breakout phase will generally yield more neutrinos in the post-shock breakout phase, except if the density of the progenitor wind suddenly falls sharply just beyond $r_{\rm br}$. These latter neutrinos will be detected after SB has started. For example, in a steady wind with density $\rho \propto r^{-2}$, the mass processed in the post-shock breakout phase by a shock travelling between $r_{\rm br}$ and $r > r_{\rm br}$, is $\approx \dot{M} (r - r_{\rm br})/u_{\rm w}$. This amount quickly exceeds that processed in the pre-shock breakout phase ($\sim \dot{M} (r_{\rm br}-r_\ast)/u_{\rm w}$). [@Murase:2010cu] studied in detail the post-shock breakout emission of neutrinos for shocks interacting with dense circumstellar material, such as shells. Conclusions =========== During a core-collapse supernova, a radiation-dominated shock propagates through the progenitor star. If the surrounding wind is optically thin, this shock stalls when it reaches the outer layers of the stellar core. In the upstream, the circumstellar material is then accelerated by escaping photons from shock breakout to a velocity roughly $\propto r^{-2}$, where $r$ is the distance to the centre of the progenitor. The outer layers of the shocked core ram supersonically into these slower layers of the wind, and a collisionless shock is expected to form during or on the time scale of supernova shock breakout. See, for example, [@ChevalierKlein79], [@Ensman:1991td] and [@Waxman:2001kt] for detailed studies. In the present paper, we have investigated the case of supernovae occuring in thick winds. In this case, the formation of a CS should also occur no later than during or on the time scale of shock breakout —from the ’outer’ layers of the optically thick part of the wind. We have demonstrated here that for some astrophysically-relevant progenitors surrounded with thick winds, a collisionless shock forms well before breakout, providing new ways to study invisible layers of their winds and to constrain stellar evolution theories. In such cases, the RDS has been found to stall when entering the optically thick part of the wind, notably because of shock curvature. Photons are then mostly supplied by the shock propagating in the core, and the wind is not sufficiently dense to compensate for the $r^{-2}$ dilution of photons in the wind. On the contrary, for progenitors where the RDS survives the transition from the core to the wind, such as for type IIn supernovae, photons are mostly supplied by the immediate downstream of the shock in the wind. We have discussed, in Section \[pa\], the onset of particle acceleration at the CS. For example, we predict that for some red supergiants surrounded with thick winds, a fraction of secondary high-energy neutrinos from CRs can arrive $\sim 10$ hours before photons from shock breakout, and more neutrinos are produced later in the post-shock breakout phase. We find that the CS forms after the RDS exits the core, and before breakout, for progenitors with shock velocities $\lesssim 0.1 {\rm c} \, (\frac{u_{\rm w}}{10\,{\rm km/s}}) (\frac{\dot{M}}{5 \cdot 10^{-4} \, {\rm M}_\odot {\rm /yr}})^{-1} (\frac{r_\ast}{10^{13}\,{\rm cm}})$, where $u_{\rm w}$, $\dot{M}$ and $r_\ast$ respectively denote the wind velocity, mass-loss rate and radius of the hydrostatic core. The wind has to

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0002) during the peak season at the inland site and of NO~3~-N during senescence at both sites (inland *P* = 0.005; coastal *P* = 0.005; Fig. [3](#PLU085F3){ref-type="fig"}A and B). Restoration did not impact total extractable N at the coastal site. Peak season extractable N patterns were consistent across the 3 years of 2007--09 at the inland site where total extractable N (2007, *P* = 0.040, 2008, *P* = 0.002, 2009, *P* = 0.001) and NO~3~-N in 2007 (*P* = 0.041) and 2009 (*P* \< 0.001) increased following restoration. The coastal site had increased total extractable N but reduced NO~3~-N with restoration in the drought year, 2007, with no differences in any form of extractable N in 2008. Figure 3.Soil-extractable N during the 2007--08 season at the inland site (A) and the coastal site (B). Treatments are: UN = unrestored, REB = restored by burning at the inland site and REW = restored by weeding and mowing at the coastal site. Letters indicate significant differences using ANOVA followed by Tukey--Kramer HSD test: NO~3~ = A and B, NH~4~ = C and D and total extractable N = E and F. Bars indicate standard error and letters significant differences (*P* ≤ 0.05). Total soil N and C, pH and P were unaffected by restoration (Table [5](#PLU085TB5){ref-type="table"}). Soil potential respiration was unaffected by restoration at the inland grassland sites. Plots at the coastal site were unintentionally destroyed before soil respiration sampling was conducted so potential soil respiration data were not available for that site. Potential N mineralization was reduced by restoration only in August soils and only at the inland site (*P* = 0.017). Potential nitrification rates were increased with restoration for soils collected in August at the inland site (*P* = 0.002; Fig. [4](#PLU085F4){ref-type="fig"}C) and in March at the coastal site (*P* = 0.011; Fig. [4](#PLU085F4){ref-type="fig"}B). Table 5.Soil chemical data (means and standard errors) for the burned, inland site and the coastal site collected the summer of 2006. ANOVA was conducted to assess differences in soil chemical characteristics between treatments of unrestored and restored grasslands during the 2006--07 growing season.Inland unrestoredSEInland restored-burnedSEInland treatment *P*-valueCoastal unrestoredSECoastal restored-weededSECoastal treatment *P*-valueInland siteSECoastal siteSESite *P*-valueTotal N (%)0.20.010.20.001.0000.2\<0.100.2\<0.100.1620.20.00.20.0\<0.0001Total C (%)2.20.082.20.060.8853.20.203.10.200.7272.20.13.20.1\<0.0001Soil organic matter (%)8.50.308.00.200.13613.30.3013.00.200.5418.30.213.10.2\<0.0001C/N13.40.0713.30.140.49914.00.5315.70.800.10513.40.114.90.50.007NH~4~ (µg g^−1^)6.50.259.22.430.2847.40.288.30.600.3087.81.27.80.40.997NO~3~ (µg g^−1^)3.61.661.80.450.2955.81.3131.98.300.0012.70.918.85.20.004Total extractable N (µg g^−1^)10.11.8411.02.380.78313.11.5140.28.600.00710.51.526.75.40.006Olsen-P (µg g^−1^)5.10.714.10.790.35118.81.1022.13.600.4014.60.520.41.9\<0.0001pH5.90.075.90.040.9808.0\<0.108.00.100.5375.90.08.00.0\<0.0001 Figure 4.Potential N mineralization and nitrification from 30-day laboratory incubations from the inland site (A and C) and the coastal site (B and D) for soils collected in the March (peak) and August (end of the summer dry season) of 2008. Letters indicate significant differences using the Tukey--Kramer HSD test following ANOVA (*P* ≤ 0.05). Bars indicate standard error. Discussion {#s4} ========== Microbial shifts in community structure and altered extractable N pools and N cycling indicate that exotic plant--soil feedbacks were decoupled following restoration at both sites regardless of differences in soil properties between sites. Decoupling is used here to mean that established interactions between exotic plants and soil organisms were disrupted and replaced to some degree by interactions between native plants and soil organisms ([@PLU085C1]). Native grasses increased at both sites and exotics were reduced leading to shifts in plant inputs, particularly by reducing the proportion of exotic species litter having higher C : N in both sites and increasing the proportion of *S. pulchra* litter with intermediate quality. The reduction of exotic plant inputs followed by replacement by native plant inputs altered the microbial community, increased NO~3~-N availability and nitrification rates and decreased NH~4~-N availability and N mineralization rates. Although no uninvaded grasslands are available as reference sites, these rapid changes indicate that these grasslands have some capacity for soil resilience. Differences in microbial community biomass, F : B and individual markers (indicated by concentrations of PLFA biomarkers) between unrestored and restored soils support our hypothesis that restoration of the native plant community would decouple the previously existing exotic plant--soil feedbacks and allow for establishment of native plant--soil feedbacks. [@PLU085C44] found similar shifts in PLFA profiles that they interpreted to indicate resilience of the soil microbial community to disturbance. Restoration reduced microbial biomass values during germination indicating a stronger response of soil microbes in unrestored soils following the first rains, likely due to higher root activity of germinating exotics, rapid decomposition of exotic annual grassland seedlings due to self-thinning ([@PLU085C2]; [@PLU085C49]; [@PLU085C19]) or decomposition of the previous year\'s microbial biomass. Shifts in microbial community in response to seasonal changes in temperature and moisture, such as those found here, are expected due to species-specific growth requirements ([@PLU085C42]). Mycorrhizal fungi may decline in perennial grassland soils invaded by exotic annual grasses, so we expected fungal biomarkers to be lower in unrestored plots ([@PLU085C24]). The grasslands of this experiment had reduced fungal biomarkers, 18 : 2 w6c, 18 : 1w9c and 16 : 1 w5cat germination, but increased fungal markers 18 : 2 w6c and 18 : 1w9c the remainder of the season. Similar to [@PLU085C24] findings, our coastal grassland site had lower AM fungi PLFA markers in unrestored plots dominated by exotic annuals, but this did not occur until late in the growing season (i.e. plant senescence). Native plant species tend to have a later phenology than exotics in the semi-arid grasslands and thus experience peak growth rates later into the season than exotic plants ([@PLU085C29]; [@PLU085C27]). AM fungi associated with exotics have reduced abundance earlier in the season when their exotic, annual host plants senesce ([@PLU085C41]). Other fungal groups were also in high concentration during senescence at both sites. Therefore, phenology of the dominant plant species either annual exotics or native annuals to native perennial grassland species was related to the activity of soil microorganisms. The anticipated shift in N availability occurred and also showed seasonal patterns corresponding to plant phenologies. Total extractable N and NO~3~-N increased with restoration during peak and senescence periods of the growing season as also observed by [@PLU085C30], [@PLU085C31]). One of the more striking results was that extractable N concentrations at the inland site were higher in unrestored soils at plant germination but quickly became significantly lower within 2--3 months, suggesting increased rates of N uptake by plants in the unrestored plots. Plants may take up as much $\text{N}{\text{O}_{3}}^{-}$ as becomes available ([@PLU085C30], [@PLU085C31]). This effect of exotic plant removal on increased mineral N has been observed in both grassland and coastal sage scrub in other studies of semi-arid environments ([@PLU085C14]; [@PLU085C15]). In this study, plant uptake of N was still low at germination, but began to increase rapidly as plant growth reached its maximum rates. The peak and senescence sampling dates at these sites correspond to the periods of maximum annual growth and transition to reproduction phases during which their N use would be highest. California grassland natives tend to germinate and complete their life cycles later than exotic annuals ([@

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and duration of muscle activity. One type of EMG uses intramuscular electromyography in which a needle and fine-wire electrodes are inserted through the skin into the muscle tissue. This technique detects single motor unit potential (motor unit action potential -- MUAP). Another type of EMG is surface electromyography (sEMG), which uses surface electrodes and detects superimposed motor unit action potentials from many fibers, as opposed to the single ones recorded by the intramuscular type \[[@b2-medscimonit-19-416]\]. In recent years the value of the high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) has been extensively proven. In this new technique, signals are detected by the use of specially designed surface electrodes. The sensitivity and selectivity of sEMG are almost the same as those provided by the intramuscular type. It also allows for single motor unit analysis and gives information about muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) \[[@b3-medscimonit-19-416],[@b4-medscimonit-19-416]\]. The aim of this study was to present the main assumptions in the assessment of electrical muscle activity through the use of surface electromyography. Moreover, it is hoped that this paper will clarify the limitations and possibilities of the application of sEMG in orthodontics. Main Assumptions in the Assessment of Electrical Muscle Activity ================================================================ The main aim of surface EMG is to detect signals from many muscle fibers in the area of the detecting electrode. These signals consist of a weighted summation of the spatial and temporal activity of many MUs. Hence, the analysis of the recordings is restricted to general muscle activity, the cooperation of different muscles, and the variability of their activity over time \[[@b1-medscimonit-19-416]\]. This non-invasive and painless way of registering the results through the use of surface electrodes compensates for the aforementioned limitations, and its non-invasiveness is one of the most important advantages of this method \[[@b2-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Apart from the fact that these electrodes are not very selective, using them is limited to detecting the signals only from the muscles located close to the skin, thus masseter and anterior temporalis muscles are the most frequently evaluated. To register the activity of medial and posterior fibers of the temporalis muscles, removal of the hair is necessary, which is normally disliked by patients, and anatomical difficulties exist in the case of the pterygoid muscles. An additional disadvantage of surface electromyography is its sensitivity to imbalances in impedance \[[@b2-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Inconsistency in impedance is the main reason for the low accuracy and precision of EMG measurements, resulting in low reproducibility. This reproducibility is also questioned because of the different inter-electrode distances and their various locations over the muscles. Thus, the inter-electrode distance should be fixed and templates should be used to eliminate variability in electrode placement \[[@b5-medscimonit-19-416]--[@b7-medscimonit-19-416]\]. The most common solution to the inconsistency in impedance, which affects the reliability of sEMG, is an adequate quantitative electromyographic analysis with normalization procedures. The normalization of sEMG results consists of converting them into quotient indices. Thus, electrical activity is presented as a percentage of another high-reproducible activity of this muscle recorded under the same conditions (recordings are performed by using the same electrodes). Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) seems to be a highly reproducible activity. The recorded electrical activities are therefore presented as a percentage of their activity in the MVC (%MVC). The main assumption of the normalization procedure is the constancy and good reproducibility of the forces generated during maximum voluntary clench \[[@b8-medscimonit-19-416],[@b9-medscimonit-19-416]\]. The other possibility of the quantitative analysis is to relate the electrical activity of the muscles to the reference values obtained from the recordings performed in the submaximal voluntary contraction (subMVC). A high correlation coefficient was found between the electrical activity of the muscles and the forces generated by them in the subMVC \[[@b8-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Castroflorio et al. \[[@b6-medscimonit-19-416]\] verified these assumptions by analyzing the electrical activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles in 3 experimental sessions separated by 1 week. The subjects performed voluntary contractions at 80% MVC and occlusal forces were measured by compressive-force sensors. The reproducibility of these measurements was estimated at 71.9%. Moreover, the influence of the inter-electrode distance on the reproducibility of the EMG variables was observed. The high data reproducibility of the sEMG indices computed for 75% of the healthy subjects, estimated at a 6-month interval, was revealed by De Felicio et al. \[[@b10-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Visser et al. \[[@b11-medscimonit-19-416]\] also did not observe any statistically significant discrepancies between the activity and the asymmetry indices of both masseter and temporalis muscles estimated in healthy patients in the next 2 days (for activity index p\>0.20, for asymmetry index p\>0.10). The studies described above confirm that quantitative electromyographic analysis permits a reliable and accurate assessment of the electrical activity of muscles. Many of the most important issues related to the methodology of sEMG recordings were recently unified by a multi-national consensus initiative called SENIAM (Surface Electromyography for Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscles) and ISEK (The International Society of Electromyography and Kinesiology). Both of these organizations give recommendations for electrode placement, sEMG signal processing, and modelling. The electrical activity of the masticatory muscles can be recorded and assessed during static tests (rest, maximal, or submaximal voluntary clenching) or during active tests (opening or closing the mouth, protrusion, retrusion, or lateral deviation of the mandible, mastication, swallowing, or speaking). From a biomechanical point of view, the most important are dynamic activities such as mastication and 2 ambivalent static activities such as rest and the maximal isometric contraction of the muscles. Rest activity is usually performed at the clinical rest position, the so-called postural position. There is no isoelectric line observed in the sEMG recordings in this position determined by freeway space (2--4 mm). Moreover, the muscles are active \[[@b12-medscimonit-19-416]\]. These conclusions are supported by Suvinien et al. \[[@b13-medscimonit-19-416]\], who observed minimum muscle activity with an average opening of 15.4 mm, while postural position was determined by a 2--4 mm range of opening. Similar results, based on observations in a group of 40 subjects aged 22--34 years, were reported by Michelotti et al. \[[@b14-medscimonit-19-416]\]. The clinical rest position was determined with an average opening of 1.4 mm, and the lowest electrical activity was observed with a 7.7 mm average opening of the mouth. The analysis of the electrical muscle activity during isometric contraction, without any shortening of the muscle's fibers, can be performed during 3 to 5 seconds of clenching the teeth with maximum force, usually in intercuspal position, or during clenching of the teeth with controls (cotton rolls positioned on the mandibular second pre-molar and molars) (subMVC) \[[@b15-medscimonit-19-416],[@b16-medscimonit-19-416]\]. Ferrario et al. \[[@b15-medscimonit-19-416]\], in a study in which 30 healthy subjects with Angle class I and overbite and overjet ranging from 2 to 5 mm were examined, observed larger standardized potentials in MVC in the temporalis anterior muscle (91.1 μV/μV%) than in the masseter muscle (85.45 μV/μV%). It was noted that the potentials were standardized against the MVC carried out with cotton rolls positioned on the posterior teeth, and in this condition the temporalis anterior normally contracted with a lower intensity, which is why the standardized potential of these muscle resulted in a higher value. It is also very important to assess the electrical activity of the muscles in the fatigue test -- a continuous 10-second submaximal or maximal isometric muscle contraction. This makes it possible to evaluate the muscle fatigue that occurs because of the biomechanical processes, which determine muscles achieving the required or exerted forces. The most objective sEMG parameters used to evaluate muscle fatigue are median power frequency (MPF) and time-frequency distributions. Lodetti et al. \[[@b17-medscimonit-19-416]\], in a study of 29 healthy patients aged 20--35 years, observed higher values of MPF in the masseter, temporalis anterior, and trapezius muscles recorded during maximal clenching of the teeth in the intercuspal position, than during clenching the teeth with controls (cotton rolls). The highest values for the mean power frequency was achieved by the temporalis muscle (157 Hz), then the masseter (140 Hz), with the lowest being the trapezius muscles (68 Hz). This was explained by greater forces exerted during clenching of the teeth by the masseter and temporalis muscles than by the trapezius muscles. Among the dynamic activities, mastication is the one that is the most frequently analyzed. It is defined as the most important physiologic activity of the stomatognathic system. Because of the high variability of the movements that contribute to this activity, an assessment of mastication is very difficult and includes parameters such as the duration of the masticatory act, the number of cycles, and its effectiveness depending on the generated forces and the consistency of the food \[[@b18-medscimonit-19-416],[@b19-

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crusher: so what should I do now? <botcrusher> hmm <opko> noone to tell me? <botcrusher> i remember that with older versions of ubuntu you could only upgrade one version at a time <botcrusher> not sure if that still applies <opko> hello everyone, is this command correct to erase a disk, or can it be written better: dd if=/dev/zero of=path/to/file bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc ? thank you so much! <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: is there a way to remove ubuntu 12.04 first and then install 14.04? <botcrusher> well...strange thing ies <s1991> hey guys I'm having problm with my wireless mouse, pls help!!! <LinuxNewby> What can I do? <LinuxNewby> Should I format the USB flash drive in Ubuntu? <botcrusher> by booting from the disk you arnt using the old kerne <botcrusher> so, does it say anything before that screen you posted? <botcrusher> what was the last thing you saw before that panic <ubuntuinstall> the last screen was it gave 4 options out of which three i remember 1 <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: 1)Try ubuntu without installing <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: 2)install ubuntu <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: ok so no matter what you click you get that panic <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: yes <botcrusher> try this inside ubuntu 12.04 <botcrusher> do-release-upgrade <botcrusher> that should be the safer way <morph-> you got the right arch ubuntuinstall ? <OerHeks> ubuntuinstall, is there any windows 8 with fastboot enabled on that machine? <ikonia> .away not here <ikonia> oops <botcrusher> OerHeks: no, its one of dell's shipped with ubuntu machine <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: but that will try to download from the server right? am not connected to internet from that machine <botcrusher> oh? <ubuntuinstall> OerHeks: no it has ubuntu 12.04 pre installed <morph-> u have the wrong architecture, UEFI enabeld or your disk is corrupted <botcrusher> it's not possible to get that machin e on the network? <ubuntuinstall> morph-: I have legacy boot enabled <morph-> what did ya dl <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: as you should since UEFI is sketchy at best <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: even If i enable uefi and try to boot from usb it says there's no boot device <s1991> why I'm seeing my wireless mouse as " Weltrend Semiconductor " when running "lsusb"********* <morph-> did u check ur md5sum? <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: yeah i had to set my dell to legacy as well <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: so not much suprise there <ubuntuinstall> morph-: yes the hashes match <morph-> hmm <morph-> can u walk me through ur exact problem? <morph-> i missed it <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: I guess that is because the previous ubuntu 12.04 is installed in legacy <ubuntuinstall> morph-: http://i.imgur.com/SEEHdy8.jpg <ubuntuinstall> morph-: I have a dell inspiron 15 3537 which came in pre installed ubuntu 12.04 and now am trying to install ubuntu 14.04 from usb and I get this error when i choose to install or to try wihout installing <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: the machine does not connects to the wireless network that's the reason am upgrading to 14.04 <morph-> ok <morph-> reboot <morph-> when u get to the grub menu preess e and remove quet and splash from the kernel ya want <morph-> and umm <morph-> vt.handoff=7 <morph-> and on the line that reads set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode, replace with set gfxpayload=text <morph-> ctrl+x <ubuntuinstall> morph-: by the grup menu you mean the menu where it gives these options right? <morph-> yea <morph-> lets u pick what kernel ur booting into <morph-> safe mode etc <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: you wouldnt hapen to have the name iof that adapter would you? <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: i might be able to get a driver for you, because i doubt an os upgrade is going to fix that connection issue, plus kernel panic's are nasty <morph-> oh and ubuntuinstall https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/usb-creator-gtk/ <morph-> use that to create the usb <morph-> make sure ya got secure boot disabled and ur settings to legacy <morph-> then press f12 <morph-> then pick your usb drive <daftykins> morph-: you're giving terrible advice and pressing enter too much <morph-> that is very solid advice <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: btw you are far from being the only person with issues with that wifi module <morph-> what are u on about? <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: a quick search yielded many annoyed users that are having connection issues <ubuntuinstall> morph-: I am on the screen where it asks for whether to try wihout install, install ubuntu or check disk for defects <botcrusher> im afraid that i can't really help much more with the kernel panic, but i can get you that driver <morph-> well since the first 2 dont work might as well check it <botcrusher> so you can upgrade the proper / safer/ optimised way <ubuntuinstall> morph-: nothing happens on pressing e <tgm4883> I'm trying to find out why a couple wordpress sites couldn't connect to a mysql DB until I restarted mysql (it was previously working fine), but there are no mysql logs. Any ideas where I should be looking? I don't see much in syslog <morph-> let me see if I got a cd or something here <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: ok sure :) <Sivik> when attempting to connect to a windows machine, I get the following error from rdesktop and krdc/remmena don't work: http://pastebin.com/AGv5SQFs I have already disabled avahi daemon <Sivik> Any thoughts on why this is still not working? <morph-> ubuntuinstall https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebuggingKernelBoot <ubuntuinstall> morph-: was this menu the grub menu? <morph-> https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions <botcrusher> http://askubuntu.com/questions/373404/no-wifi-on-ubuntu-12-04-lts-after-today-software-update <botcrusher> i think i found your driver <morph-> noacpi nomodeset <morph-> set those <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: is there anywhere you can plug in the ethernet <morph-> https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Debugging <morph-> theres lots of good links there <ubuntuinstall> botcrusher: am afraid not <morph-> id honestly bet money your answer is in there <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: for the panic in question follow morph- 's advice <ubuntuinstall> morph-: am getting the same screen <motaka2> hello I am trying to share a folder in ubuntu and I get this error: 'net usershare' returned error 255: net usershare: cannot open usershare directory /var/lib/samba/usershares. Error Permission deniedYou do not have permission to create a usershare. Ask your administrator to grant you permissions to create a share. <botcrusher> ubuntuinstall: issue is im seeing other people trying to update to either 13 or 14 but the wireless is not resolved <morph-> can you get into 12.04 still? <motaka2> I wonder why thios is so difficult to solve? <ubuntuinstall> morph-: yes I can still get into 12.04 <morph-> boot into that and open up terminal and type sudo update-manager -d <botcrusher> motaka2: try sudo nautilus <botcrusher> that will open the file manager as root <botcrusher> aka administrator <holstein> !samba | motaka2 <ubottu> motaka2: Samba is the way to cooperate with Windows environments. Links with more info: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MountWindowsSharesP

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(); start(pid); } print("/sys/lib/acid/truss"); Events Featuring:The Bean Project From the eastern suburbs of Melbourne come The Bean Project, a vibrant French horn-clad acoustic duo blending the raw untreated sounds of folk, jazz and singer-songwriter styles with fresh and unique songwriting - most aptly described as 'the odd marriage of Cake, City and Color and Kings of Convenience' Susy Blue Divinely vintage vocals, honeyed harmonies and charming tales, Susy Blue combines alt-folk, cabaret and pop. Charm of Finches Charm of Finches are Melbourne sisters Mabel and Ivy Windred-Wornes. Described as "dream folk" for lovers of soulful, intelligent acoustic music, the sisters drown their audiences in angelic harmonies and lyrics which lilt between melancholy and whimsy. Khristian Mizzi Khristian Mizzi is an artist known for his powerful original songs and his intimate live performances. Mizzi’s songs explore humanity, social injustice, and hope, inspiring and enlivening audiences wherever he plays. Someday June From a small bedroom in Melbourne's eastern suburbs emerges indie-folk duo, Someday June. The pair specialise in subtle, satisfying harmonies that embroider moody and unique melodies, drawing influence from melodic craftsmen and women like Paul Dempsey and Daughter. Great music, great raffle prizes for a greater cause! Pre Sale: $12 Door-Sale: $15 A good ol' fashioned Block Party celebrating the launch of Co-Ground Coffee~ Co-Ground's mobile cafe and social enterprise! Think music, entertainment, refreshments including Co-Ground Espresso Martinis and one almighty party to thank you ~ our Co-Ground fam, for all of your support. So please SAVE THE DATE for Saturday, March 25. It's FREE but you must RSVP! Which you can now, by emailing: [email protected] AND by including your full name, mobile phone no. and how many guests you'd like to bring ie: + one. ***This event page will be updated as more details are announced, so keep your eyes peeled*** Make sure you follow us on social media too: Facebook: CoGroundOrg Instagram: @Co_Ground and @CoGroundCoffee Website: co-ground.org Co-Ground Coffee is currently open from Wed-Sun, 7am to 3pm. 100% of profits from Co-Ground Coffee support education and livelihood projects in the Asia Pacific, so every cup you purchase at Co-Ground Coffee in Collingwood, makes a real difference! We are kickstart our next venture into the world of sustainable social enterprise. An exciting caffeine fuelled business that will help fund their education partnership programs on a daily basis. Helping celebrate this venture will be the eclectic electronica of MYAMI, beautiful tunes of the highly talented HAYDEN CALNIN and the epic analog beats of MASCO SOUND SYSTEM, who blend live music and painting. The night will also feature the dark brooding bass music of Melbourne's very own underground hero HEADSTONE + SPECIAL GUESTS + PRIZES + MORE! The Co-Ground Soul-cial 16’ brought together some of Melbourne’s finest soul inspired bands and DJs under the banner of having a party with purpose. Raising funds for Co-Ground’s international partnership programs and celebrating the work already completed, the almighty heavy riffing talent of The Eighty 88’s, The Cactus Channel and That Gold Street Sound literally peeled back the infamous venue’s retractable roof for a night of amazing music and entertainment. Support came from Max & Mili and Motel Diablo DJs with a full dance floor that was lit-up from when doors opened until the doors had to close. Event sponsors included Northside Records, The National Gallery of Victoria and Vintage Garage. A Co-Ground Halloween party with a twist, the classic cult film ‘The Rocky Horror Picture Show’ was showcased at Fitzroy’s favourite independent cinema, Long Play. A boutique event, the night was hosted by Rocky Horror themed actors, with the evening screening including audience participation, props and a tailor made deliciously frightful snack bar for the audience. Event sponsors included Provincia Foods and the night helped raise both funds and awareness for Co-Ground’s partnership programs. A trivia night to help raise funds for victims of Cyclone Pam, Melbourne For Vanuatu brought together 200 punters to rally for much needed support through trivia, silent auctions and raffle tickets. A night fuelled by comedy, music, audience participation and games, the sold out event, like that of Party Against Pam helped solidify the first Co-Ground Partnership Program, with all funds raised used to rebuild and upgrade Sara Primary School on Epi Island, Vanuatu. The very first Co-Ground event, Party Against Pam brought together the community of Melbourne to rally around Vanuatu and raise financial support in a time of desperate need. Melbourne’s premier live music venue and entertainment space, The Toff in Town helped host a night that featured the legendary comedy trio Tripod, the soul funk of Kylie Auldist & The Glenroy All Stars, The Cactus Channel, The Sugarcanes, Skyscraper Stan, The Ivory Elephant, The Sweets and award winning comedian as MC, Tegan Higginbotham. The sold out event had numerous sponsors including The Essendon Football Club, The Cat Empire, John Butler Trio and numerous local and international media support helping introduce Co-Ground to the wider community. A night that raised significant funds that helped kick-start the first Co-Ground Partnership Program.Q: Chapterformat with \chapter* So I came across some problems with the chapter layout, which has to do with the \chapter* command. This is how I have the layout set up right now, it was done by a friend, who has more experience with LaTeX and KOMA than me: \documentclass[11pt, chapterprefix=true ]{scrbook} \usepackage[]{graphicx} \usepackage[scaled=.90]{helvet} \usepackage[automark]{scrlayer-scrpage} \usepackage{blindtext} \usepackage{ragged2e} \setkomafont{chapter}{\Huge\bfseries} \addtokomafont{chapterprefix}{\raggedleft} \renewcommand*{\raggedsection}{\raggedright} \renewcommand*{\chapterformat}{% \hrulefill\enskip\mbox{\scalebox{3}{\thechapter\autodot}}\vspace{-0.6\baselineskip}} \newcommand{\chap}[1]{\chapter{#1}\vspace{-0.8\baselineskip}\hrule\vspace{1.5\baselineskip}} \begin{document} \tableofcontents \chapter*{Introduction} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Introduction} \blindtext \chap{Theory} \blindtext \end{document} now this results in the chapter layout I want for the "Theory" chapter, however it doesn't work for the "Introduction" chapter, because both bars are missing. So would it be possible to have the layout like the following: ------------ Introduction ------------ text ----------1 Theory ----------- the same way it was done in the minimal working example above, however, but also for the introduction chapter. Both chapters should be in the ToC and the "Introduction" should not be enumerated. I cannot get anything to do exactly that, maybe you guys have an idea, also any improvement to the layout in general would be greatly appreciated. A: Update (KOMA-Script version 3.19 is now on CTAN and in TeXLive) There is another possibility with KOMA-Script version 3.19 or newer. With that version you can simple redefine the command \chapterlinesformat. This command is explained in the KOMA-Script documentation. \documentclass{scrbook}[2015/09/15] \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[scaled=.90]{helvet} \usepackage[automark]{scrlayer-scrpage} \usepackage{blindtext} \setkomafont{chapter}{\Huge\bfseries} \renewcommand*{\chapterformat}{% \enskip\mbox{\scalebox{3}{\thechapter\autodot}}} \renewcommand\chapterlinesformat[3]{% \parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\hrulefill#2}\par% #3\par\bigskip \hrule} \RedeclareSectionCommand[afterskip=1.5\baselineskip]{chapter} \begin{document} \tableofcontents \addchap{Introduction}% \addchap instead of \chapter* and \addcontentsline \blindtext \chapter{Theory} \blindtext \blinddocument \end{document} Note that I have removed chapterprefix=true. Result: Here is another suggestion (for older KOMA-Script versions) also

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the month of August. I was determined to win that batting title, but Matty Alou wasn't making it easy on me. With two games left, we were at home against the Giants, facing Gaylord Perry. The Pirates, Matty's team, were in Chicago, facing Fergie Jenkins, who was trying to win his twentieth game of the season. Each of us had to deal with a great pitcher that day. Matty went 4-for-4 in the Pirates' loss that day, and Fergie was a twenty-game winner for the second straight season, a string he would run to an incredible six seasons in a row. And what did I do against Gaylord, that crafty spitball artist? Through four at bats I was 4-for-4, just like Matty, even though Gaylord was throwing me nothing but spitballs. I remember hitting one ball and I swear to God, I watched the ball hit the bat and I could see the spit fly. But that didn't bother me. You expected that from Gaylord, and you respected him, because he was a hell of a competitor. When I got my fourth hit, Gaylord glared at me. "You got enough yet?" he yelled over to me. "Not if I get another at bat," I told him honestly. I came up again in the bottom of the ninth and made it 5-for-5, so Matty and I went a combined 9-for-9 that day with the batting title on the line. I was at .3354 going into the last game of the season and Matty was at .3339. All I had to do on the last day of the season was do at least as well as Matty and I'd have my first batting title. I doubled my first time up and then couldn't get a hit the rest of the day. But I was in luck: Matty went 0-for-4. I'd done it. I'd won my first batting title on the last day of the season. I was the first switch batter to win the National League hitting title since Pete Reiser of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1941. PETE ROSE GRABS NL BATTING TITLE was the headline in papers all across the country. "I love the game," I told reporters afterward. "I love everything about it. Nothing in life is more fun. Baseball enables me to meet people. I enjoy that. I go to the ballpark every day, sign autographs, talk to reporters. I enjoy that." As much as I hated going on the disabled list, I can say now that those three weeks gave me the second wind that I needed to have a closeout season. That's the truth of it, but at the time I never convinced myself of that, because the last thing I wanted to do was make a habit of taking three weeks off in the middle of every summer. I figured that the batting title was going to come in handy in my next contract negotiations, when I pushed for the salary I was sure I deserved: $100,000. It might sound unbelievable to the contemporary fan, with multi-year contracts being so common now, but when I was a player we didn't have that. I had nothing but one-year contracts for my first sixteen seasons in the big leagues, all with the Reds. If you made the All-Star team or won a batting title, that helped your bargaining position to push for a raise. "Imagine making a hundred grand for doing something you were happy to do for nothing when you were a kid," I told reporters. Not bad for a guy who started out as a skinny little kid no one thought had a future. That year I came in second place in the voting for National League MVP, behind only Bob Gibson. You always hate to come in second in anything, but Bob Gibson had the kind of season you see once in a generation. He started 34 games and had 28 complete games. Imagine that in today's game. His ERA was 1.12, barely 1 run allowed per 9 innings, and he was 22–9 with a league-leading 13 shutouts and 268 strikeouts. He set a single-game strikeout record in the World Series with 17, but the Cardinals still lost to the Tigers in 7 games. Bob was the most competitive player I ever went against, and he was a master of intimidation. He never talked to you when he played against you. Nowadays when I see him he never stops talking! He's the nicest, friendliest guy you could ever want to meet. The National League was loaded with top-notch starting pitchers in those days. You would fly out to LA and have to go against Koufax, Drysdale, and Sutton, three future Hall of Famers, and then you would go up north to San Francisco and you'd have Gaylord Perry and Juan Marichal waiting for you. Then you went to St. Louis and took your chances against Gibson and Steve Carlton, and in New York you were liable to face Seaver, Koosman, and Matlock. Marichal had to have been the best pitcher I faced, even though I hit .340 off him. He was a real gamer and had five pitches he could throw for a strike at any given time. I think pitching at Candlestick Park helped him, too, with the wind blowing and the cold air and guys shivering and wishing they were somewhere else. ## CHAPTER 17 ## Morganna One time in the late 1960s my agent called me up and told me a man named Joe McCoy wanted me to come over to Pikeville, Kentucky, and make an appearance at a family banquet they were having, about four hours away from Cincinnati. Some of my family on my mother's side came from Kentucky, and I always felt like I had Kentucky in my blood. I said sure. I pulled up at the address they had given me and I couldn't believe how many Rolls Royces I saw out front and, once I went inside, how many Rolexes and diamonds I saw. This was a gathering of the famous McCoy family of Kentucky, and Joe McCoy and I hit it off right away. The McCoys were just hardworking, down-to-earth folks—in other words, my kind of people. They made a lot of money, but they were good ol' boys. They were famous for their family history. A century earlier violence had broken out between the McCoys and another Appalachian family, the Hatfields, and one thing had led to another. Soon they had a full-blown feud on their hands. It went from generation to generation, getting passed down. To me that story was all about determination. Those families were stubborn and tough in the way that I was on a baseball field. I saw some of myself in them and I think they saw some of themselves in me. They used to talk about how the war between the Hatfields and McCoys went on forever. When I first got to know Joe McCoy, the family was raking in a lot of money, mostly in the coal business. Joe had built a field house and sports complex in Phelps, Kentucky. Joe's son David was a basketball player, and he wanted him and the other kids in the area to have a good place to play games. They asked me to come down to be part of the first baseball game at the new complex and I was happy to make the drive over and throw out the first pitch. Joe's brother Jim, a former Marine Corps sergeant, ran the mine, and one time they decided to take me down for a look-see. That was my first time in a coal mine and I had no idea what to expect. I'm riding on a track a quarter-mile deep into a tunnel, and it's as black as Hades down there. I could only see right in front of me with the little light shining from the top of my helmet. I'm not gonna lie, I was kind of scared. As I rolled along, every fifty feet or so there was a light, and then I went past that and it was all ink-black again. I was just trying to stay calm and not hyperventilate. You can't panic down there, because once you start in on panic, you might not stop. Suddenly, there was a loud BOOM. The tunnel was shaking all around me, especially up above. Dust exploded at me from all directions at once and it was a gritty, gravelly kind of dust. _Oh my God,_ I was thinking to myself. _I'm going to be trapped under this fucking mountain._ They were messing with me. They hadn't told me they were doing any mining that day, because they wanted to see how I'd react to a dynamite explosion. We got to the back of the mine and I watched them work, loading up the conveyor belt with lumps of coal, which scooted out of there to where they loaded it up on trucks and drove it away. Those were some hardworking people, really putting their backs into it. I felt so comfortable over in that mine, it kind of reminded me of what made me tick as a ballplayer, which was being the hardest-working guy out there every inning of every game I played. It also reminded me of how lucky I was to being playing the game I loved for a living—instead of having to spend my work days hunched over in a hole in the ground hoping I didn't hear a big BOOM any second. I'd won my first batting title in 1968 and I came back the next season looking to make it two years in a row

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, and programming without a graphic interface. It might be necessary to pause and get our bearings, before pushing on with the rest of this unit. We'll return to our mantra of quick results soon enough. The command-line You may have some familiarity with the command-line already, having used CouchApp to send design documents to a CouchDB server. However, this is still a newish concept that requires some explanation. Since we'll be dealing with the command-line a lot with Node, it's important that we feel comfortable in it. Once you have Node installed, have learners type the following into the command line: node -e "console.log(1 + 1)" This tells Node to add 1 + 1 and log the response to the terminal. Next step: have students create a Javascript file with some log statements in it, and get Node to execute the file: node filename.js. If they can accomplish these tasks, then they know enough about the console (navigate the file system, list files, etc.) to move on. They'll also understand that you test a Node application by re-executing it in the terminal, just like you test a web application by refreshing the browser. Modules! So many modules... Node.js has an extremely rich collection of modules that extend its capabilities. You can download and install modules to connect to databases, format dates, and even send emails. You can obtain these modules, and thousands more, using a command-line tool called Node Package Manager (npm). This should be installed right after Node itself. Students must become familiar with finding and installing modules, and including them in their applications. As a simple exercise to confirm they can do this, choose a module that has a unique capability and have students write a simple application that uses it. You could have them send emails using node mailer, fetch their Facebook profile info using facebook-graph, or retrieve data from a CouchDB database using nano, cradle or couch-client. If they can successfully write a script to leverage a node module, then we're ready to rock and roll. Welcome to the server side. Now that we're familiar with the new tools, resources and workflows required to write programs in Node, let's look at how we can use it to build a web application. Learners will need to understand that Node is not a server, and so they'll need to build an application that bundles a server with it. To illustrate this point, demonstrate the famous, simple Hello world! server application. Based on everything we've learned to date (which is a lot), students ought to be able to understand everything that's going on in that example, and even recognize that we're setting HTTP header information like status codes and content-types manually. Now, we can pick up the pace. A note on scaffolding. As I've stressed again and again throughout the past 5 days, getting meaningful results quickly is more important than understanding how. This is why I recommended using Bootstrap instead of learning HTML and CSS from scratch. It's also why I recommended using the Ember framework for building complex web applications. These tools act as scaffolds to support learners and help them achieve more than they could on their own. As learners grow more confident and experienced, this scaffolding slowly falls away as they learn to support themselves. As educators, our job is to provide guidance and support to learners when they need it, and pull back when they don't. We do this by sequencing instruction, choosing appropriate tools, prescribing meaningful challenges and tasks, and filling in the blanks when necessary. This is why we slowed down to explain the basics of Node. Now it's time to speed up again! High-speed development with the Express framework Just like we leaned on Bootstrap and Ember so students could do more faster, we're going to use a server-side web application framework called Express to blaze ahead with this unit of study. Express is another NPM module that extends the capability of Node. Once you include the Express module in your Javascript application, you unlock the ability to easily create a web-server, define URLs that it responds to, describe custom behaviour for every URL (like receiving form data, or retrieving a record from a database, etc.), and use templates to easily format the responses that are served. It can also be easily adapted to behave like an MVC framework, which learners should already be familiar with from Day 4. Undoubtedly, we'll need to familiarize ourselves with this framework just as we did with Ember yesterday. A simple challenge to focus students would be to get them to create a simple, 3-page application, just like they did with Ember. This will give them an opportunity to try out the URL routing, templates and views in Express. These all ought to be familiar concepts from Ember. An intermediate challenge might be to create an application that reads data from a database and displays it on screen, optionally with the ability to edit and save items back to the database. This will require learners to set up both GET and POST URL routes, and define dynamic URL routes just like they did with Ember. It also requires them to rope in a database client and get their application to perform a set of actions before sending a response. At this point, we're pretty advanced programmers with plenty of diverse experiences. If you haven't given learners the chance to work together yet, I suggest giving them the opportunity now with an advanced challenge. Working in groups of 2-3, ask students to come up with idea for a web application, and try to implement it together. They'll need to organize themselves as a team, and break out roles and responsibilities like designing the interface, building the front end, managing the database and writing the server-side code to serve the application. Sensible division of labour and collaboration are essential programming skills, and a complex application is the perfect opportunity to develop them. As an added benefit, requiring students to work together on a project will force them to evaluate and compare their workflows, and try to find a way to contribute to the same codebase. This is the perfect way to introduce a distributed version control tool like Git, and perhaps get students to sign up for a free Github account. No time like the present to discover a worldwide community of open-source developers. Climbing up the ladder When developing a curriculum, it's important to be mindful that your learning objectives and outcomes span a range of complexity. Bloom's taxonomy is a good yardstick to determine whether your learning activities are sufficiently diverse. Bloom identifies a cognitive (and affective and psychomotor) hierarchy for classifying learning objectives: knowledge, comprehension and application on the low end, and analysis, synthesis and evaluation on the high end. It's easy to remember a set of facts (knowledge). It's harder to 'understand' a fact than it is to recall it (comprehension). It's more difficult to 'apply' knowledge than it is to comprehend it (application). It's more challenging still to critically reflect on something than it is to apply it (analysis). Producing something new by pulling together everything you've learned is even more difficult (synthesis). And finally, the most challenging cognitive task is to assess the value of what you've learned (evaluation). The wonderful thing about programming is that we're consistently building new things by applying what we've learned about various technologies. Throughout this course, we've had to know, understand, and apply different programming concepts, analyze both documentation and our own code, and synthesize our learning to build applications. But what about evaluation? The ability to evaluate and assess the value of knowledge only comes after substantial learning and experience. After everything we've learned over the past 5 days, we're at a point where we have enough knowledge and experience to begin determining what's valuable and what's not. For example, after having compared Ember to Express, some students may decide that they prefer building single-page applications to using server-side frameworks. Individual preferences may lead some students to choose one NPM module over another. As students collaborate, they'll compare their coding habits to their peers, and determine which habits are better than others. In other words, we've transitioned from complete novices to experienced developers, able to reflect critically on tooling, processes and technologies. Where do we go from here? My mission was to produce a course of study that would prepare newcomers for the industry we're trying to grow, and the jobs we'll need over the next decade. Our focus was on Javascript and web technologies, as this provided the broadest foundation of skills, and exposed learners to the widest array of specializations possible. Over the past 5 days, we've learned about front-end development, databases, HTTP and REST, object-oriented programming, MVC architectures, client and server-side frameworks, modules and version control. This is about as broad a foundation as it gets. Now, it's time to pick a path. Did you enjoy the unit on front-end development? Perhaps you want to pursue HTML and CSS in greater depth, and become a great designer. Did you like databases? Consider looking into data science some more. Are you interested in making games? There's plenty of game engines available for Javascript. Maybe you want to build a robot? You can program robots using Javascript. Do you want to build a mobile app for an iPhone or Android device? Javascript has you covered. You have the foundation you need to learn all kinds of programming languages and technologies now. You can stay with Javascript, or you can branch out. Revisit Day 1 and look at that intimidating list of servers, databases, programming languages and frameworks. That's a list of challenges waiting to be conquered. Good luck,

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a(j)). -22150548*j**2 - 4 Let v(u) = u**2 + 120. Let z(t) = 166*t + 170*t - 498*t + 164*t. Give z(v(i)). 2*i**2 + 240 Let c(p) = 136*p**2 + 17*p - 17. Let k(q) = -17*q**2 - 2*q + 2. Suppose 51 = -3*d - 0*d. Let s(t) = d*k(t) - 2*c(t). Let y(n) = -3*n**2. Give s(y(r)). 153*r**4 Let q(b) be the second derivative of -b**3 - b. Let m(d) = d. Suppose -5 + 9 = 4*s. Let l(u) = s*q(u) + 3*m(u). Let n(k) = -5*k. Calculate l(n(x)). 15*x Let m(n) = -3*n - 4. Let c(z) = 1. Let v(b) = 4*c(b) + m(b). Let g(s) = 2*s**2 + 4*s**2 - 45*s**2 + 14*s**2 + 11*s**2. Calculate v(g(o)). 42*o**2 Let g(u) be the second derivative of -u**4/12 - 55*u**2 + 4*u + 3. Let l(f) = f**2. Give l(g(n)). n**4 + 220*n**2 + 12100 Let b(j) = -3*j. Let z(f) = -146*f - 2179. Determine z(b(h)). 438*h - 2179 Let q(u) be the first derivative of 5*u**2/2 + 39*u + 145. Let o(s) = s**2. Give o(q(z)). 25*z**2 + 390*z + 1521 Let h(d) be the second derivative of 0*d**2 - 1/2*d**3 - 16*d + 0. Let w(f) be the second derivative of -f**3/3 - f. Determine w(h(i)). 6*i Let a(o) = o**2 + 1. Suppose 4*x - 1 - 3 = 0. Let j(m) = -15 + 17 - m**2 - m**2. Let b(u) = x*j(u) - 2*a(u). Let w(r) = -2*r. Determine b(w(g)). -16*g**2 Let t(i) = -4*i - 4586 + 4586. Let x(y) = 4*y**2 + 3*y. Calculate x(t(n)). 64*n**2 - 12*n Let f(s) = 4*s**2. Suppose 5 = 4*t + 3*v - 6, -5*t + 10 = 5*v. Let n(a) = -22*a - t*a + 22*a. Determine n(f(g)). -20*g**2 Let j(m) = -m**2. Let s(n) be the first derivative of n**4/8 + 13*n**2/2 - 6. Let h(u) be the second derivative of s(u). Give j(h(f)). -9*f**2 Let m(p) be the first derivative of p**4/8 + 9*p**2/2 + 4. Let s(g) be the second derivative of m(g). Let q(c) = 0*c**2 + 3*c**2 + c**2. Determine q(s(y)). 36*y**2 Let k(a) = -46484*a. Let o(r) = 2*r**2. Determine k(o(x)). -92968*x**2 Let r(f) = 136*f - 1. Let x(l) = -4*l**2 + 8*l**2 - 4*l**2 + 2*l**2 + l**2. Give x(r(u)). 55488*u**2 - 816*u + 3 Let q(m) = 2*m**2. Let d(v) be the first derivative of -46*v**3/3 - 64. What is q(d(c))? 4232*c**4 Let d(v) be the second derivative of -2*v**3/3 - 10*v - 1. Let y(r) = 21*r**2 - 14*r**2 + 14*r**2. Determine y(d(c)). 336*c**2 Let g(w) = 7*w. Let Matalan extension to not go ahead? NEW plans submitted to Tamworth Borough Council appear to show that the extension to the current Matalan store is not to go ahead… with a completely new unit proposed for the earmarked land. The proposal will see an EIGHTH unit added to phase one of Ventura Retail Park with the new store new store stretching around the side and rear Matalan. Previously we have published news of plans for the Matalan store to be extended – but this shows a change of direction by the developers. Originally the planning committee granted permission for the side extension and mezzanine floor inside the matalan store on 20th April 2017. Earlier this month, Matalan confirmed that they had no plans to close their store, even for a temporary time whilst their current store is extended. This indicated the possibility of a change to the original idea of a larger Matalan store – with some readers speculating that a larger retailer like Primark may take the larger store. The proposed creation of Unit 8 will create 4,500 square meters of floor space which will be split over two floors. The plans showing the creation of Unit 8. Further Developments Permission has been granted for the units on that phase of the Park to have new cladding to the outside and to modernise the look. The units look will be sticking to the appearance of Next. The plans show that the new frontages of the stores will be predominantly glazed and use new, modern materials. In addition, units 2, 5 and 6; currently occupied by Halfords, Mothercare and Toys ‘R Us are to have Mezzanine floors installed. In the case of Halfords, extended. The car park will also see a facelift, with extra spaces added and an improved access road; moving the main road away from the front of the stores to increase safety to pedestrians. An additional 146 parking spaces will be created. An artists impression of the new look stores (prior to the change of heart for the Matalan store). The planning statement which was prepared by the developers at the time of application stated that the whole development would bring significant economic benefit to Tamworth with the creation of around 66 jobs based on the additional floor space and the assumption of one full-time employee per 90m of floor space. This could add around £2.5 million to the local economy. It is hoped by developers that the plans will ensure the major retails brands remain in Tamworth for years to come, securing existing employment. A reminder that this work is being funded by a private company, J.B. Auctott, and not Tamworth Borough Council. The proposals, securing employment and big names is surely a good thing for the town! Yes, as residents, we would love investments from big names in the Town Centre, but we cannot force the hands of the big names, they choose where they want to do business.blog.rubybestpractices.com Archives - 11 February 2013, Monday Welcome, Hacker News folks. If you find the following project worthwhile, I’d really appreciate an up vote so that I can reach a broader audience. Please read a bit about Ruby Mendicant University to see what cause this goes to support. Since the first Ruby Mendicant University sessio... Update: I came across an inlink to this page that was layering in advertisements in a frame. Luckily, there are technical solutions to at least some social problems, and you may now browse again in peace :) If you’ve worked with Ruby for at least a little while, you might already know... Today, we’ll focus on the question that caused me to write this series in the first place. Many readers were confused by my use of extend self within earlier Practicing Ruby articles, and this lead to a number of interesting questions on the mailing list at the time these articles wer... Issue #21: How to practice (1 of 2) 2011-09-06 16:00, written by Gregory Brown Originally published as part of the first volume of the Practicing Ruby newsletter on January 22, 2011. Most of these issues draw inspiration from discussions and teaching sessions at my free online school,... The last few weeks have been a wild ride. Starting in January, I’ve been releasing a chapter at a time

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30258, 271, 4583, 5141, 275, 2495, 273, 11655, 12877, 281, 20239, 14207, 449, 187, 187, 21166, 285, 48429, 2903, 4628, 13, 253, 8339, 285, 10784, 9491, 7811, 6636, 342, 689, 30546, 253, 13790, 1491, 3988, 2086, 13, 310, 253, 45652, 1988, 281, 22887, 11354, 342, 1675, 281, 36300, 3916, 762, 436, 7031, 15, 416, 3155, 77, 26630, 7211, 326, 2378, 22887, 11354, 14802, 627, 310, 247, 3588, 1750, 13, 352, 588, 320, 2361, 281, 253, 6503, 2567, 323, 5162, 285, 34432, 15, 187, 187, 510, 6070, 273, 7031, 2130, 281, 9835, 5085, 285, 20036, 13, 11392, 407, 2408, 273, 253, 31985, 917, 13, 310, 7976, 327, 616, 1268, 273, 7092, 273, 253, 9835, 434, 8017, 3988, 2086, 15, 187, 187, 3, 6300, 751, 6503, 4413, 3959, 247, 1175, 14, 17440, 13630, 13, 359, 452, 18872, 253, 530, 14, 46, 20239, 2495, 6503, 7031, 281, 10921, 13790, 5085, 326, 452, 1160, 1534, 6031, 281, 1691, 275, 1659, 253, 1682, 8333, 3636, 275, 776, 1491, 3988, 2086, 937, 1359, 437, 2296, 15, 2765, 273, 6590, 15773, 673, 17417, 187, 187, 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12821, 407, 24365, 273, 247, 3501, 412, 250, 14, 5608, 17916, 42774, 15, 2058, 5345, 34522, 3618, 13, 703, 8549, 247, 5875, 5343, 6858, 407, 19109, 45072, 2593, 15, 688, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 496, 2213, 2123, 26394, 1198, 27147, 32254, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 30234, 5251, 15022, 5128, 964, 831, 9386, 2460, 18406, 670, 496, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 496, 2213, 2123, 26394, 1198, 27147, 32254, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 30234, 5251, 15022, 5128, 310, 2130, 281, 6184, 15, 844, 4822, 436, 9386, 2460, 432, 8573, 285, 5206, 253, 1682, 323, 368, 15, 496, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 496, 2213, 2123, 26394, 1198, 27147, 32254, 21591, 34411, 600, 20599, 11537, 1962, 522, 75, 11208, 1221, 2921, 316, 30234, 5251, 15022, 5128, 7963, 285, 7968, 4849, 326, 9269, 1060, 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Education Consultants Association (HECA). The professional development seminars, meetings with admissions officers about their schools and the exchange of information at these conferences give IvySelect’s college admissions counselors deep insights and a wealth of information that we utilize in counseling our students about admissions to top-tier universities. Immersive Assistance Using current technology, IvySelect is able to offer the same “face-to-face” counseling experience remotely that would have previously been limited to in-person meetings. Today, videoconferencing is faster, easier and more reliable than ever. IvySelect, for instance, uses Skype to connect with students and to provide top-notch college admissions coaching from afar. Instead of endless exchanges of emails, which are impersonal and inefficient, IvySelect’s coaches utilize video conferencing to see and speak with their students within the context of immersive, hands-on meetings. Personal Consulting with a National Focus Choosing the right college admissions consultant is about much more than finding someone who happens to be in your area. Relying on the fact that a counselor is local is a step in the wrong direction. What matters most is choosing to work with an extremely knowledgeable, experienced, talented and intelligent college admissions consultant, regardless of location, who can best help you maximize your competitive stature to the most elite colleges in the nation. That is exactly what you will get by working with IvySelect. Remote counseling is even more convenient in many ways since you don’t have to leave home to get the guidance you need, so get in touch with IvySelect today! Numbers and dashes only please - include country and city code if not in USA Name This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. IvySelect is one of the best college counseling firms in the world. We are a boutique admissions consultancy based in Los Angeles, specializing in helping high-achieving students seeking admission to Ivy League universities and other top-tier colleges in the U.S, U.K. and Canada.Risk Management Services has purchased insurance coverage to recover financial losses incurred by U-M departments as a result of lost or stolen data, violation of privacy laws, intellectual property infringement and social media risks. The move comes in response to growing concerns about the potential costs associated with IT security incidents. Coverage now in place extends to the entire Ann Arbor campus, including the Health System, and the Flint and Dearborn campuses. IT security incidents comprise a wide range of threats to U-M resources, services, and students, faculty, and staff. Examples of incidents include: unauthorized use of systems or data, unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, or an attack or intrusion that results in severe disruption to critical services. "Educational institutions face unique exposures related to the Internet and information security and privacy," says Paul Howell, chief information security officer. "Even with the best security practices in place, there are still significant risks associated with assuring the privacy of sensitive information of U-M community members as well as other costs connected to data breaches or cyber attacks as a function of our complexity, decentralization, and global reach and the academic culture of open access." General liability coverage maintained by U-M likely would not cover significant losses related to cyber attacks. This new coverage closes that gap and helps to ensure that U-M will be covered in the event of regulatory fines, lawsuits, and reputational damage that may result from a serious data breach or cyber attack. Up to now, if a department experienced a loss due to a cyber breach, it was not covered and rarely planned for in a budget. The new cyber risk insurance covers direct losses to U-M units for business interruption as a result of a network security breach, data recovery, social media privacy violations, and credit monitoring expenses, among other losses. It also includes coverage for damages to third parties resulting from such cyber risks as identity theft or unauthorized access or use of a U-M information system resulting in violation of privacy laws. "We are very pleased to partner with the campus experts on IT security in offering this new coverage," says Kate Rychlinski, assistant director of risk management. "This is an innovative collaboration designed to support a comprehensive risk-management framework and enhance IT security practices across the university. Over time, we anticipate an overall reduction in risk of losses attributed to cyber threats." Information and Infrastructure Assurance, the Information and Technology Services department charged with overseeing the campus information security program, is the liaison to Risk Management with respect to initiating claims under this coverage. Rychlinski notes that once Risk Management determines there is a valid claim, it will be reported to the insurance company for processing and reimbursement. The extent of coverage available to university units and departments, reflected by amount of the deductible, is dependent on their level of implementation of the university's IT security program. "Just like insurance companies offer a good-driver discount, we have structured the U-M cyber risk insurance coverage to reward campus units that have made significant efforts to put in place the best practices identified in our information security program," Howell says.List of films featuring time loops This list of films featuring time loops where characters experience the same period of time which is repeatedly resetting: when a certain condition is met, such as a death of a character or a clock reaches a certain time, the loop starts again, with one or more characters retaining the memories from the previous loop. The list provides the names and brief synopses of films in which time loops are a prominent plot device. List See also List of time travel works of fiction Time travel Time travel in fiction References Category:Alternate timeline films Category:Lists of films by common content Category:Films about time travelSignificant structure of Competition and Strategy that can increase profit. A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices. Competitive Advantage is the conditions that allow the productive entity to generate more sales or superior margins compared to its market rivals. Business owners commonly develop business strategies in order to maintain a competitive advantage. What is the competitive advantage of your business and formula of the strategies, for achieving above average performance in an industry over its rivals? The goal of much of business strategy is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage which is the cost advantage of your business. Here is how companies achieve and sustain competitive success of Professor Michael Porter’s frameworks from Harvard Business School you should learn: Educational Social Sharing: Thank you HBR and the author, we are glad to be part of education – Let Live and Learn To be successful, you need to be able to articulate the benefit you provide to your target market that you are better than the competitors. That’s your competitive advantage. You must reinforce that message in every communication to your customers. That includes advertising, public relations, and online marketing. It even includes your storefront and employees. Learn How to Grow Your Business Online Suscribe and Get 20% off our services before 09/30/2018 Or Click on our social media icon to Like Or Follow us and get 20% off our services before 09/30/2018 Suscribe and Get 20% off our services before 09/30/2018Successful live birth in a patient who underwent cranial radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy by implantation of a cryopreserved blastocyst on day 7. Preservation of fertility has been recommended for cancer-bearing patients of reproductive age before undergoing cancer treatment. However, there are many considerations and it is difficult to preserve fertility for all patients undergoing therapy for malignancies. Female cancer survivors had lower pregnancy and live birth rates compared with others that underwent assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). We should continue to consider the issue of infertility in patients who underwent therapies for malignancies. This is the first report of a successful live birth in a patient with a cranial tumor who underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy after implantation of an autologous embryo. The patient was a 27-year-old Japanese woman. She was diagnosed with suprasellar germinoma at 13 years of age, and she developed panhypopituitarism after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. At 27 years of age, she began infertility treatment with in-vitro fertilization (IVF). The level of anti-Mallerian hormone (AMH) was 4.29 ng/ml. After ovarian stimulation by high purified human menopausal gonadotropin (HP-hMG), she obtained two blastocysts and became pregnant by implantation of a cryopre- served blastocyst. At 37 gestational weeks, she delivered a healthy female baby by cesarean section.In Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus In Resume Samples For Healthcare Jobs Job Lovely Examples Rhcheapjordanretrosus Entrylevel Clinical Data . 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AR-alpha). These receptors are found in the heart cells, muscles, and the liver cells. The binding of active sesamin to PPAR-alpha activates the genes that help in burning fat. As people enter their forties and fifties, muscle mass starts to decline because of aging and, in some cases, decreased activity levels. Muscular atrophy can also occur because of health conditions, such as joint pain. As we age, it’s important to increase or maintain muscle mass through strength training, not only because it helps burn calories, but also because muscle mass is essential for strength and balance. If you're ready to move on from classic Bulgarian split squats, Swan's amped-up variation gets your upper body in on the action for a true total-body exercise. "This combination move works your legs, butt, chest, back, arms, and core," she says. "And it not only hits all the major muscle groups—it also lets you work on balance." Give it a shot and you'll see why. The workout below, created by Jess Sims, NASM-certified personal trainer and instructor at Classpass Live, Shadowbox, and Fhitting Room in New York City, challenges your entire body and doesn't require a single piece of equipment. "It’s a full-body, dynamic workout that includes strength, power, mobility, and cardio," Sims says. "It’s also great because it’s customizable—if you have less than 20 minutes, you can do the circuit one time, or if you have more than 20 minutes you can do it three times." Exercise helps people perform activities of daily life more easily. Physically fit people are stronger, healthier and more energetic than sedentary people. They are able to solve problems more readily, deal with stress more effectively, think faster and remember things more efficiently. Overall, activities of daily life become less of a chore for active people. Ginger has been used to cure many ailments, and now, researchers have found that ginger also aids weight loss. Ginger increases lactic acid production by the muscles. Lactic acid stimulates the release of the growth hormone, which results in the breakdown of fat. Therefore, adding ginger to your food or just eating a small piece of raw ginger will help you to lose weight (2). Exercise provides socialization opportunities. Exercising outside the home, whether in the great outdoors, at a gym or recreation center, in an exercise class, sport group, walking or running club, etc., all lead to encounters with other people who also enjoy working out. New acquaintances and friendships develop readily in such contexts. Over time, having the pleasure of one's exercise group's company becomes another reason to exercise. McAlpine's favorite on-the-go exercise is a classic for a reason: Push-ups are one of the most effective bodyweight exercises around. "Primarily, this move will target your chest, triceps, and your anterior deltoid muscles (the front of your shoulders)," says McAlpine. It also seriously works your core. Plus, there's something that just feels badass about working on push-ups and seeing yourself improve over time. "I personally love that feeling of strength that comes from this simple move," says McAlpine. The back parts of the arms are called triceps and these are the most affected areas on the arms. They are fat guzzlers, they can get really annoying. You need only a table or chair to tone these. You don’t need to buy extra pairs of clothes for exercising. You can do these in your comfort, at your home. So do try these simple exercises to lose fat fast from your arms. In a high plank position—palms flat on the floor beneath your shoulders, arms straight. Ease down on to your left forearm. Then, ease down your right arm until you’re in a forearm plank. Now push up with your right hand and then your left to return to a high plank. Repeat, alternating which side you lower first with each rep.” Lagree recommends doing two sets of ten reps. Another workout worth trying: these 9 resistance band exercises that will work your entire body. A workout once in a blue moon won’t do it, she says: you really have to exercise regularly, since hormone levels largely return to baseline after you exercise. That said, there’s an effect that accrues over time, which is what you want to harness by being active at least a few times a week. “What I’d caution readers is not to view our results as ‘one 20-minute moderate exercise will be a cure for all inflammatory conditions,’” says Hong. “These significant immune effects we observed occurred immediately with one bout of exercise, and likely will occur each time one exercises. So every time you exercise you’d see this effect, which will be cumulative over time.” In case you’re curious, I’ll take a quick minute to share a little bit about who I am, my experience with struggling with my weight, what I did about it, and my purpose for helping folks all over the world do the same... I've found that what brings me the most happiness are the real people with real lives I've helped, as they email me about the success they've had using my techniques... read more And perhaps one of the best new findings about exercise — especially if you, like many people, struggle to find the time to fit it into a busy day — is that all those benefits of physical activity can be had even if you only squeeze in a few minutes of exercise a day. While doctors used to think that we needed to engage in 30 to 60 minutes of exercise a day, new research is finding that we can see benefits with shorter bursts of physical activity. “As little as 15 minutes a day of high-intensity activity that leaves you breathless, like swimming, can kick start your metabolic rate and reduce body fat and increase muscle mass,” says Dr. Berger. FIT TIP: To trim your tummy, do fewer crunches and more planks: Begin on all fours, hands under shoulders, knees under hips, then lower forearms to floor and extend legs straight behind you, balancing on toes. Keeping abs engaged and back flat, hold for 30 seconds; do 10 reps three or four times a week. Limit crunches to no more than three sets of 15 at a time. Anything beyond that isn't doing you much good, experts say. With that said, don’t relax too much, or it loses the effect. It’s okay to indulge every so often. Treat yourself to some junk food you’re craving, imbibe a drink here and there, and spend a day vegging out on your couch. Staying healthy doesn’t have to be torture. Just turn down when you can and dedicate some time to better the health of your body. You only get one. Get down on all fours with your knees placed directly below your hips and palms placed directly below your shoulders. Now, raise your right arm forward and stretch your left leg backward at the same time. Create a tension in your back by flexing your foot. Hold the position for a few seconds and then come back to the starting position. Repeat the same using your left arm and right leg. Repeat 15 to 20 times on both sides. 2. Have a liquid meal immediately after the last exercise of your arm workout. When you are working out, little channels called glut-4 transporters temporarily migrate towards the surface of your muscle cells. They are responsible for letting nutrients into your arm’s compact muscles. This provides a rare chance to flood your arms with a controlled amount of nutrients that will accelerate the arm toning process. You have to have a liquid meal (solids take too long to digest) because the transporters disappear after 20 minutes. The results showed significant weight loss, between 4.3 and 5.7 percent of their starting weights, for both men and women. Most participants walked or jogged on treadmills for the majority of their exercise sessions. If you don’t have access to a treadmill, try taking a few brisk walks or jogs a day, such as during your lunch break or before dinner. I’m on Day 21 of this challenge, and I haven’t missed a single day! This is the first time I’ve ever been able to stick to a workout challenge for more than 5 days, and I want to thank you, Cassey. You are inspirational and so fun and you understand beginners better than any other fitness instructor out there. Thank you thank you THANK YOU for this challenge, and never stop!!! If you want to lose weight and keep it off, you know that exercise should be an essential part of your routine. But the benefits of physical activity go far beyond just physical fitness. Increasingly, more and more research is showing that working out regularly can boost other aspects of your health as well, including cognitive function and emotional well-being. 3. Practice “glycogen depletion” and repletion. Once you get the hang of eating as described in rule #1, you have to start manipulating your carbohydrate intake. The key is to keep it simple: on days you don’t workout reduce carbohydrate intake, on days you do workout increase it. Doing this is like applying a blow torch to your arm fat. Just make sure you don’t go into ketosis a la Atkins—research has shown that total carbohydrate elimination is NOT necessary for maximum toning. Not to mention, the acidic breath you get from ketosis stinks! Begin in a forearm plank position. Press the right hand into the floor and then the left hand, rising to a high-plank position. Rotate your body to

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== 0 { continue } lasts := []ast.Stmt{body[len(body)-1]} // TODO(dh): unfold all levels of nested block // statements, not just a single level if statement if ifs, ok := lasts[0].(*ast.IfStmt); ok { if len(ifs.Body.List) == 0 { continue } lasts[0] = ifs.Body.List[len(ifs.Body.List)-1] if block, ok := ifs.Else.(*ast.BlockStmt); ok { if len(block.List) != 0 { lasts = append(lasts, block.List[len(block.List)-1]) } } } for _, last := range lasts { branch, ok := last.(*ast.BranchStmt) if !ok || branch.Tok != token.BREAK || branch.Label != nil { continue } j.Errorf(branch, "ineffective break statement. Did you mean to break out of the outer loop?") } } } return true } for _, f := range j.Program.Files { ast.Inspect(f, fn) } } func (c *Checker) CheckUnsafePrintf(j *lint.Job) { fn := func(node ast.Node) bool { call, ok := node.(*ast.CallExpr) if !ok { return true } var arg int if IsCallToAnyAST(j, call, "fmt.Printf", "fmt.Sprintf", "log.Printf") { arg = Arg("fmt.Printf.format") } else if IsCallToAnyAST(j, call, "fmt.Fprintf") { arg = Arg("fmt.Fprintf.format") } else { return true } if len(call.Args) != arg+1 { return true } switch call.Args[arg].(type) { case *ast.CallExpr, *ast.Ident: default: return true } j.Errorf(call.Args[arg], "printf-style function with dynamic format string and no further arguments should use print-style function instead") return true } for _, f := range j.Program.Files { ast.Inspect(f, fn) } } func (c *Checker) CheckEarlyDefer(j *lint.Job) { fn := func(node ast.Node) bool { block, ok := node.(*ast.BlockStmt) if !ok { return true } if len(block.List) < 2 { return true } for i, stmt := range block.List { if i == len(block.List)-1 { break } assign, ok := stmt.(*ast.AssignStmt) if !ok { continue } if len(assign.Rhs) != 1 { continue } if len(assign.Lhs) < 2 { continue } if lhs, ok := assign.Lhs[len(assign.Lhs)-1].(*ast.Ident); ok && lhs.Name == "_" { continue } call, ok := assign.Rhs[0].(*ast.CallExpr) if !ok { continue } sig, ok := TypeOf(j, call.Fun).(*types.Signature) if !ok { continue } if sig.Results().Len() < 2 { continue } last := sig.Results().At(sig.Results().Len() - 1) // FIXME(dh): check that it's error from universe, not // another type of the same name if last.Type().String() != "error" { continue } lhs, ok := assign.Lhs[0].(*ast.Ident) if !ok { continue } def, ok := block.List[i+1].(*ast.DeferStmt) if !ok { continue } sel, ok := def.Call.Fun.(*ast.SelectorExpr) if !ok { continue } ident, ok := selectorX(sel).(*ast.Ident) if !ok { continue } if ident.Obj != lhs.Obj { continue } if sel.Sel.Name != "Close" { continue } j.Errorf(def, "should check returned error before deferring %s", Render(j, def.Call)) } return true } for _, f := range j.Program.Files { ast.Inspect(f, fn) } } func selectorX(sel *ast.SelectorExpr) ast.Node { switch x := sel.X.(type) { case *ast.SelectorExpr: return selectorX(x) default: return x } } func (c *Checker) CheckEmptyCriticalSection(j *lint.Job) { // Initially it might seem like this check would be easier to // implement in SSA. After all, we're only checking for two // consecutive method calls. In reality, however, there may be any // number of other instructions between the lock and unlock, while // still constituting an empty critical section. For example, // given `m.x().Lock(); m.x().Unlock()`, there will be a call to // x(). In the AST-based approach, this has a tiny potential for a // false positive (the second call to x might be doing work that // is protected by the mutex). In an SSA-based approach, however, // it would miss a lot of real bugs. mutexParams := func(s ast.Stmt) (x ast.Expr, funcName string, ok bool) { expr, ok := s.(*ast.ExprStmt) if !ok { return nil, "", false } call, ok := expr.X.(*ast.CallExpr) if !ok { return nil, "", false } sel, ok := call.Fun.(*ast.SelectorExpr) if !ok { return nil, "", false } fn, ok := ObjectOf(j, sel.Sel).(*types.Func) if !ok { return nil, "", false } sig := fn.Type().(*types.Signature) if sig.Params().Len() != 0 || sig.Results().Len() != 0 { return nil, "", false } return sel.X, fn.Name(), true } fn := func(node ast.Node) bool { block, ok := node.(*ast.BlockStmt) if !ok { return true } if len(block.List) < 2 { return true } for i := range block.List[:len(block.List)-1] { sel1, method1, ok1 := mutexParams(block.List[i]) sel2, method2, ok2 := mutexParams(block.List[i+1]) if !ok1 || !ok2 || Render(j, sel1) != Render(j, sel2) { continue } if (method1 == "Lock" && method2 == "Unlock") || (method1 == "RLock" && method2 == "RUnlock") { j.Errorf(block.List[i+1], "empty critical section") } } return true } for _, f := range j.Program.Files { ast.Inspect(f, fn) } } // cgo produces code like fn(&*_Cvar_kSomeCallbacks) which we don't // want to flag. var cgoIdent = regexp.MustCompile(`^_C(func|var)_.+$`) func (c *Checker) CheckIneffectiveCopy(j *lint.Job) { fn := func(node ast.Node) bool { if unary, ok := node.(*ast.UnaryExpr); ok { if star, ok := unary.X.(*ast.StarExpr); ok && unary.Op == token.AND { ident

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5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, YR.sub.5, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 ; and PA0 R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, each independently of the other, are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, halogen or alkoxyalkyl of at most 4 carbon atoms. PA0 X is O, S, SO or SO.sub.2 ; PA0 R.sub.1 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or YR.sub.5 ; PA0 R.sub.2 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, YR.sub.5, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 ; and PA0 R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently of one another, are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, halogen or alkoxyalkyl of at most 4 carbon atoms. PA0 X is O, S, SO or SO.sub.2 ; PA0 R.sub.1 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or YR.sub.5 ; PA0 R.sub.2 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, YR.sub.5, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 ; PA0 R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, halogen or alkoxyalkyl of at most 4 carbon atoms; and PA0 R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio. PA0 X is O, S, SO or SO.sub.2 ; PA0 R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or a YR.sub.6 group; PA0 R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, YR.sub.6, CO.sub.2 R.sub.7, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.8 R.sub.9 ; PA0 R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, halogen or alkoxyalkyl having at most 4 carbon atoms; PA0 R.sub.4 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; PA0 R.sub.5 is hydrogen C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, methoxymethyl, cyanomethyl or cyanoethyl; PA0 R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynyl; PA0 R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, each unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms; PA0 R.sub.3 is halogen, H, NR.sub.4 R.sub.5, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted by methoxy, ethoxy, or 1 to 3 halogen atoms; PA0 A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenylene, each unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; PA0 m is 0 or 1; PA0 E is N or CH; PA0 X is oxygen, sulfur, SO or SO.sub.2 ; and PA0 Q is, in part, OH, CN, NR.sub.6 R.sub.7, SO.sub.2 R.sub.8, cycloalkyl or COC.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl. PA0 m is 1 or 2; PA0 E is CH or N; PA0 Z is oxygen or sulfur, PA0 R is, in part, H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 haloalkyl; PA0 R.sub.1 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or YR.sub.5 ; PA0 R.sub.2 is H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, YR.sub.5, CO.sub.2 R.sub.6, NO.sub.2 or CONR.sub.7 R.sub.8 ; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, each independently of the other, are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, halogen, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkoxyalkyl, NR.sub.9 R.sub.10 or OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NR.sub.9 R.sub.10. PA0 R.sub.2 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, halogen or alkoxyalkyl containing not more than 4 carbon atoms; PA0 R.sub.3 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkenyl which is substituted by one or more fluorine or bromine atoms or by one or more hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, (Y).sub.m CO(Z).sub.n R.sub.8, SO.sub.2 NR.sub.11 R.sub.12, S(O).sub.p C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl or S(O).sub.n C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl groups and which may additionally be substituted by one or more chlorine atoms; PA0 R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkoxy; PA0 R.sub.5 is H, halogen, NR.sub.13 R.sub.14, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

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as to separate opposed flattened surface of said cuff portion to enable said ring means to be inserted into said cuff portion, said ring means being in said first configuration comprising a substantially flattened transverse profile. wherein steps (g) to (i) are performed between steps (b) and (c). Further, the method optionally further comprises the following steps:- (j) providing said inter-surface separation means; (k) placing said suction port of said vacuum wand in close proximity to the external surface of one opposing flattened surface of said cuff portion, said cuff portion being in said non-expanded condition; (l) providing suction to a part of said external of said one flattened surface of said cuff portion via said vacuum wand such as to separate opposed flattened surfaces of said cuff portion to enable said ring means to be inserted into said cuff portion, said ring means being in said first configuration comprising a substantially flattened transverse profile. wherein steps (j) to (l) are performed between steps (b) and (g). Alternatively, steps (g), (h) and (i) are not performed, and steps (j) to (l) are performed between steps (b) and (c). Optionally, the method further comprises the steps:- (m) providing said first transport means; (n) transporting said vacuum wand to a position superposed over said one flattened surface of said cuff portion between step (j) and step (k); Optionally, the method further comprises the steps: (o) grasping said cuff portion by means of said vacuum wand and transporting said glove via said first transport means to a position within said holding means such that said cuff portion is aligned with said at least one contact surface prior to step (c); (p) expanding said ring means to a third configuration intermediate said first configuration and said second configuration, wherein in said third configuration, said ring is expanded sufficiently so as to engage and partially expand said cuff portion; (q) reducing suction from said vacuum wand such as to disengage from said cuff portion prior to step (d). The method may further optionally comprise the steps:- (r) providing said second transport means; (s) expanding said ring means to a third configuration intermediate said first configuration and said second configuration, wherein in said third configuration, said ring is expanded sufficiently so as to engage and partially expand said cuff portion; (t) reducing suction from said vacuum wand such as to disengage from said cuff portion; (u) grasping said cuff portion by means of said ring means and transporting said glove via said second transport means to a position within said holding means such that said cuff portion is aligned with said at least one contact surface prior to step (c). Preferably, the holding means are sealingly mounted to an open end of a vacuum chamber such that a glove held by said holding means extends into said vacuum chamber, said vacuum chamber being adapted for expanding a portion of said glove extending into said chamber by the application of a vacuum to the external surface of said portion of said glove when said cuff portion is sealing held in said open condition by said holding means. Such a method may be adapted for donning right handed gloves and/or left-handed gloves to a user. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for donning elastically expandable gloves comprising: (i) at least one vacuum chamber having an open end, said vacuum chamber operatively connected to a suitable vacuum source; (ii) holding means mounted onto said open end; (iii) ring means. Optionally, said apparatus further comprises glove dispensing means for enabling at Least one glove to be engaged by said ring means, and inter-surface separation means. Preferably, said apparatus comprises two said vacuum chambers, wherein one said vacuum chamber is adapted for donning left-handed gloves, and wherein the other said vacuum chamber is adapted for donning right-handed gloves.Increase Brain Performance Sleep is also normal to passion your memories and help you gentleman and web your performance of vigilant mensurations. In fact, a petit. Dance repose is increasingly used because it secrets many diverse dans making it a raser tool for vague physical performance as well as rupture. As we get payer, we take horrible care of our dimensions, but we need to care for. Here are six minimum temps you can do to keep your gentleman quick for surprises to come. Compliment sorties to improve feeling and front bouquet. Theres no parking that grace fesses the body and the devoir. Important exercise can increase the patients of poufs that route your.things I think I think at any particular moment in time It’s a big week for us…the latest show at the theatre opens this week. Kiddo and I have been so busy for the last month and a half getting ready. And sadly this has not been my favorite show to work on, so I am glad that it is almost over. We have a rehearsal on Thursday evening and then six performances over the next three weeks. Then we’ll have our evenings back for a while. Neither of us seem interested in doing the Christmas show. J just stopped talking to me about a week ago. I sent her a text and asked if she was okay, she had been quiet, and got no response. I don’t know what to make of it. I’ve been bored though, without her to talk to. I got back on two dating websites and have had a few conversations with people but nothing exciting. The worst part is that I’ve been thinking about P a lot lately. Ever since I went to see her show a couple weeks ago. I hadn’t seen her for about a month before that, and I had finally gotten her at least to the back of my mind, and now bam, she’s right back in there. I’ve tried to ignore it all. I haven’t texted her or anything. I commented on a Facebook post of hers, told her congratulations on a directing gig she had picked up. She liked a status of mine. It’s like, we’re still friendly. Just at a distance. I still have no idea if there is any interest on her part. That’s the worst thing. I wish I could just get a “let’s just be friends” because at least that would be clarity. There would be boundaries. But as it stands now, there’s nothing. I don’t know what we are. I don’t know what she wants. I just know that none of the other girls I’ve dated have come close to her. And I think subconsciously (and sometimes consciously) I am using her as the standard by which I’m judging all of my other dating prospects. It sucks. She said she would come to one of our shows, so that’s probably where I’ll see her next. And then on the 19th we’ll start watching The Walking Dead at our other friends’ house again. And I just know that I’m setting myself up for more heartache. I don’t want that. But I can’t stop.Tommy Robredo Videos Haider-Maurer, Ferrer, Souza Advance In Rio Andreas Haider-Maurer topped Tommy Robredo in two sets, David Ferrer advanced when Thiemo de Bakker retired due to an injury, and hometown favorite Joao Souza topped Blaz Rola in three sets to advance to the quarterfinals at the Rio Open.Dasytanobium timberkalei Dasytanobium timberkalei is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae. References Further reading Category:Ptinidae Category:Beetles described in 1921--- abstract: 'In this paper, a two-phase quasi-Newton scheme is proposed for solving an unconstrained optimization problem. The global convergence property of the scheme is provided under mild assumptions. The super linear rate of the scheme is also proved in the vicinity of the solution. The advantages of the proposed scheme over the traditional scheme are justified with numerical table and graphical illustrations.' author: - Suvra Kanti Chakraborty - Geetanjali Panda date: 'Received: date / Accepted: date' title: 'A Two-Phase Quasi-Newton Method for Optimization Problem' --- [example.eps]{} gsave newpath 20 20 moveto 20 220 lineto 220 220 lineto 220 20 lineto closepath 2 setlinewidth gsave .4 setgray fill grestore stroke grestore Introduction ============ The basic idea behind the quasi-Newton methods for unconstrained optimization problem lies on updating the hessian approximation in a computationally cheap way, that ensures the secant condition. DFP and BFGS methods are popular quasi-Newton schemes. DFP method is sensitive to inaccurate line searches, where as BFGS scheme is widely used for its robustness and self correcting properties. quasi-Newton methods have super linear convergence property under exact or inexact line searches. One may see ( [@biglari2015limited], [@byrd2016stochastic], [@chen2014global], [@jensen2016approach], [@jie2007quasi], [@tapia2015averaging],[@xiao2013global], [@yuan2013bfgs]) for the recent advances in this direction. Consider a general minimization problem $$(P)~~Min_{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}} ~ f(x), \nonumber$$ where $f : R^n \rightarrow R$ is a twice continuously differentiable function. Solution of (P) satisfies the system of equations $\nabla f(x)=0$. Several advanced iterative processes exist

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of the dollar has declined in real buying terms since April, 1986, to [January, 1990] by 16.1%." The City does not dispute this fact. The City's liability for its violation of section 8 of the Act accrued on April 15, 1986. The acts leading to this violation occurred in June of 1985. Plaintiffs were compensated for overtime worked up to June 10, 1985, and after January 4, 1989. The decline of the value of a dollar from April, 1986, to December, 1989, is 17.5%, according to the Consumer Price Index for "all urban consumers(CPI-U)" for "U.S. cities" and "all items," as published by the Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, on January 18, 1990. The decline in the value of a dollar from June, 1985, to December, 1989, is 18.5%. See id. [8] This period includes the April 15, 1986, date upon which the November, 1985, amendments to the FLSA took effect. [9] The City subsequent to January 4, 1989, utilized compensatory time off in lieu of overtime payments, adopting a "Kelly day" so that its firefighters no longer were scheduled to work overtime. [10] On or about July 1, 1985, the City made this lump sum payment to each Plaintiff and to all City employees for overtime worked from April 15 through June 10, 1985. At no time after the 1985 FLSA amendments were passed did the Defendant attempt to recoup these payments. [11] Since the overtime provisions of the FLSA did not apply to Plaintiffs prior to Garcia, the Court does not take the Plaintiffs' pleadings to assert the position that these leave hours were included in the calculation of overtime wages paid City firefighters prior to February of 1985. Further, since to 1985 amendments to the FLSA did not take effect until April 15, 1986, Plaintiffs' entitlement to damages beings on that date and ends when their wage rates were finally restored on January 4, 1989. The post-Garcia change in the method of overtime wage calculation was made by the City in order to avoid reducing the firefighters' hourly wage rates even lower than the 2.067% reduction it actually made. By including hours it normally would not include into the calculation of "hours worked," the City paid 3 extra hours of overtime. Therefore it did not have to reduce the Plaintiffs' hourly wage rates even lower in order to continue to pay each Plaintiffs the same annual wage. [12] In Hill, Judge Maloney included the firefighters' sick, vacation and holiday leave time as "hours worked" for purposes of computing FLSA overtime because the City of Greenville had informed its firefighters that it would continue to count such times when it reduced their hourly rates of pay. In that action such hours were counted for all city employees both before and after the reduction in wages, whereas here such hours were not counted before the reduction for any city employee nor after the reduction for any city employees other than Plaintiffs. Views can reference UDF resources stored in Google Cloud Storage, inline code blobs, or local files (contents will be loaded into inline code blobs). To create a view with a UDF using the BigQuery UI, just fill out the UDF resources as you would when running the query normally, and save as a view. (In other words, no special actions are required). To specify these during view creation from the command-line client, use the --view_udf_resource flag: bq mk --view="SELECT foo FROM myUdf(table)" \ --view_udf_resource="gs://my-bucket/my-code.js" In the above example, gs://my-bucket/my-code.js would contain the definition for myUdf() . You can provide multiple --view_udf_resources flags if you need to reference multiple code files in your view query. You may specify gs:// URIs or local files. If you specify a local file, then the code will be read once and packed into an inline code resource.CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL=y CONFIG_SYSVIPC=y CONFIG_NO_HZ=y CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS=y CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT=14 CONFIG_EXPERT=y CONFIG_SLAB=y CONFIG_MODULES=y CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD=y # CONFIG_BLK_DEV_BSG is not set CONFIG_PARTITION_ADVANCED=y CONFIG_ARCH_DOVE=y CONFIG_MACH_DOVE_DB=y CONFIG_MACH_CM_A510=y CONFIG_MACH_DOVE_DT=y CONFIG_AEABI=y CONFIG_HIGHMEM=y CONFIG_ZBOOT_ROM_TEXT=0x0 CONFIG_ZBOOT_ROM_BSS=0x0 CONFIG_ARM_APPENDED_DTB=y CONFIG_ARM_ATAG_DTB_COMPAT=y CONFIG_VFP=y CONFIG_NET=y CONFIG_PACKET=y CONFIG_UNIX=y CONFIG_INET=y CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST=y CONFIG_IP_PNP=y CONFIG_IP_PNP_DHCP=y CONFIG_IP_PNP_BOOTP=y # CONFIG_IPV6 is not set CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH="/sbin/hotplug" CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y CONFIG_DEVTMPFS_MOUNT=y CONFIG_MTD=y CONFIG_MTD_CMDLINE_PARTS=y CONFIG_MTD_CHAR=y CONFIG_MTD_BLOCK=y CONFIG_MTD_CFI=y CONFIG_MTD_JEDECPROBE=y CONFIG_MTD_CFI_ADV_OPTIONS=y CONFIG_MTD_CFI_GEOMETRY=y # CONFIG_MTD_MAP_BANK_WIDTH_4 is not set CONFIG_MTD_CFI_INTELEXT=y CONFIG_MTD_CFI_STAA=y CONFIG_MTD_PHYSMAP=y CONFIG_MTD_M25P80=y CONFIG_MTD_UBI=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT=1 # CONFIG_SCSI_PROC_FS is not set CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD=y # CONFIG_SCSI_LOWLEVEL is not set CONFIG_ATA=y CONFIG_SATA_MV=y CONFIG_NETDEVICES=y CONFIG_MV643XX_ETH=y CONFIG_INPUT_POLLDEV=y # CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV is not set CONFIG_INPUT_EVDEV=y # CONFIG_KEYBOARD_ATKBD is not set # CONFIG_MOUSE_PS2 is not set # CONFIG_SERIO is not set CONFIG_LEGACY_PTY_COUNT=16 # CONFIG_DEVKMEM is not set CONFIG_SERIAL_8250=y CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE=y CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_RUNTIME_UARTS=2 CONFIG_SERIAL_OF_PLATFORM=y # CONFIG_HW_RANDOM is not set CONFIG_I2C=y CONFIG_I2C_CHARDEV=y CONFIG_I2C_MV64XXX=y CONFIG_SPI=y CONFIG_SPI_ORION=y # CONFIG_HWMON is not set CONFIG_THERMAL=y CONFIG_DOVE_THERMAL=y CONFIG_USB=y CONFIG_USB_EHCI_HCD=y CONFIG_USB_EHCI_ROOT_HUB_TT=y CONFIG_USB_STORAGE=y CONFIG_MMC=y CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI=y CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI_PLTFM=y CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI_DOVE=y CONFIG_NEW_LEDS=y CONFIG_LEDS_CLASS=y CONFIG_LEDS_GPIO=y CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS=y CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGER_TIMER=y CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGER_HEARTBEAT=y CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGER_DEFAULT_ON=y CONFIG_RTC_CLASS=y CONFIG_RTC_DRV_MV=y CONFIG_DMADEVICES=y CONFIG_MV_XOR=y CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y # CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR is not set CONFIG_EXT4_FS=y CONFIG_ISO9660_FS=y CONFIG_JOLIET=y CONFIG_UDF_FS=m CONFIG_MSDOS_FS=y CONFIG_VFAT_FS=y CONFIG_TMPFS=y CONFIG_JFFS2_FS=y CONFIG_NFS_FS=y CONFIG_ROOT

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que devia merecer alguma atenção por parte do Ministério da Agricultura e da Secretaria de Estado das Florestas. Na sua opinião, como é que o problema se pode resolver? Há duas ou três formas de o fazer. No que diz respeito à correção de densidades, recordo que na zona de caça nacional não é feita qualquer ação nesse sentido há cerca de 20 anos, o que cria dificuldades. É necessário também que na zona de caça nacional e onde foram reintroduzidas estas espécies sejam criadas infraestruturas necessárias para a permanência dos animais lá. Estamos a falar de pontos onde se possam alimentar, culturas para que não tenham de se socorrer das zonas agrícolas para se alimentarem. Existe, ainda, um outro projeto que associa também uma componente de investigação e desenvolvimento com a Universidade de Aveiro, que é a criação de um centro de investigação dos ungulados da serra da Lousã, onde se pretende ter um cercado biológico com cerca de 400 hectares, para explorar de outra forma o potencial turístico desta reintrodução, com observação, estudo do desenvolvimento dos animais. Do ponto de vista turístico, qual a importância dos veados para a região? A importância que têm hoje é muito residual. É um produto turístico fortíssimo, mas que precisa de ser estruturado e qualificado. Não temos empresas a fazer observação dos cervídeos em nenhum concelho. O que é feito é de forma casuística e não organizada. É óbvio que existe esse potencial. Os sete municípios envolvidos estão a constituir uma associação de desenvolvimento da serra da Lousã, que procura exatamente criar condições para o aproveitamento do melhor potencial e de recursos endógenos que existem na serra.// !$*UTF8*$! { archiveVersion = 1; classes = { }; objectVersion = 46; objects = { /* Begin PBXBuildFile section */ CE92666319B2A0940051D56D /* libglfw3.a in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE92666219B2A0940051D56D /* libglfw3.a */; }; CE9C453E0D74C79D00FBB88B /* OpenGL.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C453D0D74C79D00FBB88B /* OpenGL.framework */; }; CE9C45400D74C7AD00FBB88B /* Foundation.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C453F0D74C7AD00FBB88B /* Foundation.framework */; }; CE9C45440D74C7B700FBB88B /* AppKit.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45430D74C7B700FBB88B /* AppKit.framework */; }; CE9C45640D74C88600FBB88B /* Player.cpp in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45620D74C88600FBB88B /* Player.cpp */; }; CE9C45670D74C89400FBB88B /* Game.cpp in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45650D74C89400FBB88B /* Game.cpp */; }; CE9C45830D74CBD900FBB88B /* libIvMath.a in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45520D74C81600FBB88B /* libIvMath.a */; }; CE9C45850D74CC0600FBB88B /* libIvEngine.a in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C45580D74C82D00FBB88B /* libIvEngine.a */; }; CE9C45870D74CC0E00FBB88B /* libIvUtility.a in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C454C0D74C80100FBB88B /* libIvUtility.a */; }; CE9C458B0D74CC1B00FBB88B /* libIvGraphics.a in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CE9C455E0D74C84100FBB88B /* libIvGraphics.a */; }; CEAB1F4E19B2B65C008870FC /* IOKit.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CEAB1F4D19B2B65C008870FC /* IOKit.framework */; }; CEAB1F5019B2B6A8008870FC /* CoreVideo.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = CEAB1F4F19B2B6A8008870FC /* CoreVideo.framework */; }; /* End PBXBuildFile section */ /* Begin PBXContainerItemProxy section */ CE9C454B0D74C80100FBB88B /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45470D74C80100FBB88B /* IvUtility.xcodeproj */; proxyType = 2; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07E0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvUtility; }; CE9C45510D74C81600FBB88B /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C454D0D74C81500FBB88B /* IvMath.xcodeproj */; proxyType = 2; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07E0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvMath; }; CE9C45570D74C82D00FBB88B /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45530D74C82D00FBB88B /* IvEngine.xcodeproj */; proxyType = 2; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07E0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvEngine; }; CE9C455D0D74C84100FBB88B /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45590D74C84100FBB88B /* IvGraphics.xcodeproj */; proxyType = 2; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC046055464E500DB518D; remoteInfo = IvGraphics; }; CE9C45730D74CA3300FBB88B /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45530D74C82D00FBB88B /* IvEngine.xcodeproj */; proxyType = 1; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07D0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvEngine; }; CE9C45750D74CA3300FBB88B /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C45470D74C80100FBB88B /* IvUtility.xcodeproj */; proxyType = 1; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07D0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvUtility; }; CE9C45770D74CA3300FBB88B /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = { isa = PBXContainerItemProxy; containerPortal = CE9C454D0D74C81500FBB88B /* IvMath.xcodeproj */; proxyType = 1; remoteGlobalIDString = D2AAC07D0554694100DB518D; remoteInfo = IvMath; }; CE9C457

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mechmate routers. This would be good for everyone, the makers get to show off their accomplishments and others get to see what the machine can do. I realize that there are examples posted in various places already but one central location might be nice? Just a thought. Or also how about an area for users to share cut files and artwork? Domino, I am an engineer and machine builder, not an operator (or sander, finisher, painter, etc.). So my focus in this project is to get good machines built. After that, someone else can run a forum/gallery of stuff that has been made. Sharing files can become a problem when, for example, someone copies a Disney image and puts it up for public sharing...... Gerald, I see your points. I was only thinking of some things that might spark more interest in the mechmate. I know it is always interesting to see the things that can be done on the mechmate. I was impressed with Fabricas dragon that he carved out as well as the desk I believe you and your son built with the textured surfaces. After reading your response I am also sure you dont want extra work to police copyright issues and such as well. Thanks again for all your work on the mechmate.Noticeboard Flu Vaccination Clinics 2017/18If you are eligible to receive a vaccination against influenza you can book your appointment now by calling reception. All eligible patients will have received an invitation letter from the practice. Since 5th September 2016, we now operate a same day telephone-led consultation system - click here for further details Leaflets explaining the new system are also available in reception for you to take home. Self Help We are keen to help patients improve on self help and hope that the following information will offer some insight into that. Take a look and see if you can improve your own understanding of your health and well-being! Please encourage others to look here too. Here is a list of ailments that can be safely self managed. You will see that you can take a look via the hyperlink at the other websites which can offer you further information about managing your condition.Name: Park City Personal Training. Descripton:I am a Personal Fitness Trainer and Doctor of Nutrition with over 15 year's experience helping individuals get healthy, lose weight, get in shape and feel amazing. I work clients of all ages on a one-on-one basis, in small group sessions, or counsel large corporations.Almost Sherlock BBC and Benedict's info, also occasionally Martin Freeman info only. / I'm CumberCollective (addicted to BenedictCumberbatch) My twitter : https://twitter.com/anyo_haseyo 401 S.W.2d 118 (1966) Jack HENRY, Appellant, v. Clyde RENO et al., Appellees. No. 4032. Court of Civil Appeals of Texas, Eastland. March 18, 1966. Rehearing Denied April 8, 1966. Mike R. Mason, Odessa, for appellant. G. Bert Smith, Jr., Andrews, for appellees. GRISSOM, Chief Justice. Jack Henry sued Clyde Reno and Max E. Ramsey in Mitchell County. Reno is a nonresident of Texas. He was served with citation in Arkansas in accord with the provisions of Texas R.C.P. 108. Henry sought to recover $11,500.00 by virtue of his contract to sell Reno a one-half interest in a fishing camp in Mitchell County for $11,500.00 in cash. Henry alleged that said contract provided that Reno should pay him $11,500.00 in cash within ten days after termination of his suit against Union Oil Company and that Reno had executed a written assignment to him of $11,500.00 out of his said cause of action. Henry alleged that Reno had settled with Union and that *119 $11,500.00 had been placed in escrow with Reno's lawyer, Ramsey, who was holding it pending consummation of the contract sued on. Henry alleged that when he learned of Reno's settlement and of the placing of $11,500.00 in escrow with Ramsey he executed a bill of sale and an assignment of a one-half interest in said fishing camp and tendered them to Reno in accord with said contract, but Reno had refused to pay him said sum. Henry alleged that $11,500.00 was being held by Ramsey in Andrews County and that Ramsey should be ordered to pay it to him upon delivery of said bill of sale and assignment, which he tendered into court. He also sought interest and attorneys' fees. Reno filed a plea to the jurisdiction. The court sustained it and dismissed Henry's cause of action against Reno. Ramsey filed a plea of privilege to be sued in Andrews County, where he resides. Upon a hearing, Ramsey's plea was sustained and the case against him was transferred to Andrews County. Henry has appealed. Appellant contends, first, that the court erred in sustaining Reno's plea to the jurisdiction and in dismissing the case against Reno because Henry's cause of action was in rem and that a citation in accord with Texas R.C.P. 108 was served on Reno and brought him within the court's jurisdiction so that judgment could be rendered against him to the extent of the $11,500.00 held by Ramsey. Appellant also says the court erred in sustaining Ramsey's plea of privilege because his cause of action was maintainable in Mitchell County against Reno under exception 5, Article 1995, Vernon's Ann.Civ.St., because said written contract provided that it should be performed in Mitchell County and the case against Ramsey was maintainable there under exception 29, because Ramsey was a necessary party to his suit against Reno. Appellant says that Article 1975 provides that a person claiming a right to or interest in property in Texas may maintain such an action as this against a nonresident who claims an adverse interest therein for the purpose of determining such interest and adjudicating the title thereto, and that Texas R.C.P. 810 provides that such a proceeding shall be had as may be necessary to fully settle and determine the right to or title in such property and to decree same to the party entitled thereto and, therefore, the court should have rendered such a judgment; that Article 1976 provides that a suit authorized by Article 1975 may be maintained by any person, regardless of whether he is in actual possession of such property, and that service on such a defendant may be had under Rule 108. Henry contends that said statutes and rules authorize him to maintain the suit to determine his interest in and title to said fund of $11,500.00. As authority therefor, appellant relies principally upon Mutual Home Ass'n v. Zwatchka, Tex.Civ. App., 297 S.W. 317. He says that under its holding the court acquired jurisdiction to render a judgment in rem subjecting said $11,500.00 to payment of his debt under the contract. Appellee contends, and we think correctly, that appellant's suit is to enforce a contract expressly performable in Mitchell County; that appellant's asserted cause of action is in personam and that citation under Rule 108 did not bring Reno before the court so that a personal judgment could be rendered against him. Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U.S. 714, 24 L.Ed. 565. The contract sued upon does specify the amount and when Reno shall pay $11,500.00 to Henry but it does not provide from what fund or source it shall be paid, merely that ten days after termination of the case Reno shall pay Henry $11,500.00 in cash. The contract sued on does not require payment of the proceeds of the lawsuit to Henry. It provides that Reno shall pay $11,500.00 within ten days after settlement of the lawsuit but it did not specify that it shall be paid out of the money he obtains therefrom. We conclude that Reno's obligation under the contract sued upon was personal and that no specific res was brought within the jurisdiction of the court. Ramsey does not hold the $11,500.00 in escrow pursuant to *120 the contract to sell realty in Mitchell County. He holds said $11,500.00 by virtue of an assignment of that amount from Reno's prospective recovery in a damage suit then pending in Gaines County. The funds were held in Andrews county. There was no specific fund or res before the court in Mitchell County because the funds held by Ramsey were held by virtue of such assignment of an interest in said lawsuit and there was no certain fund or res required to be delivered to Henry under the contract. It provided merely for payment of $11,500.00 in cash, not for payment from any particular fund, source or thing. Judgment against Reno enforcing said contract would have been personal in nature. No specific property of Reno was brought under the jurisdiction of the court to satisfy his obligations under this contract. The contract sued upon does not provide for payment of this $11,500.00 from the fund held by Ramsey or even from the proceeds of the lawsuit. The applicable general rule is stated in 50 C.J.S. Judgments § 908, at page 548, as follows: "In general, jurisdiction to render a judgment in rem rests upon the seizure or attachment of the property affected or the court's dominion or authority over the status in controversy. It is essential that the res be within the jurisdiction of the court at the time of the commencement of the action, that some process of the court shall have been served on it; and that it shall have been brought within the direct control of the court by some kind of seizure or similar act under authority of law, actual or constructive

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Wreath, –125 Three-Fern Kokedama, –217 Tillandsia Nest, –119 Tillandsia Wall Hanging, –137 Wardian Case Terrarium, –245 Water Sculpture Garden, –221 Willow Spheres, –131 propagation, . _See also individual project instructions_ _Punica granatum_ , purple passion plant, Queen Anne's lace, rabbit's foot fern, , , , red-veined prayer plant, redwood as rot-resistant, repotting, , restrepia, _Rhipsalis_ / rhipsalis growing and maintaining, in indoor shade, mounting, , –145 as optional plant choice in projects, , , , plant description, , –140 use in projects, –145 rick-rack cactus, , rock cap moss, , rocks and stones basalt, for bracing, , in design composition, , , , , flagstone planter, –199 as foraged elements, Japanese river rocks, lava rocks, –151, –175 resources for purchasing, , root systems, shallow, , , , rope hoya, rose campion, rose hips, , rosemary sprigs, roses, safety equipment dust mask, , face mask, glasses, , , protective clothing, protective gloves, , , , , , , –181, , , _Sageretia theezans_ , saikei, , _Saintpaulia_ , sand, , _Sansevieria_ , _Sansevieria cylindrica_ , satin pothos, , , _Saxifraga stolonifera_ , , schefflera, _Schefflera actinophylla_ (syn. _Brassaia actinophylla_ ), _Schefflera arboricola_ (syn. _Brassaia arboricola_ ), _Schlumbergera_ , _Scindapsus pictus_ 'Argyraeus', sculptural projects, –131, –145, –221 _Sedum morganianum_ , , seed heads, seed pods, _Selaginella_ / selaginella, , , _Selenicereus anthonyanus_ , sempervivums, senecio, , , , _Senecio radicans_ , , , _Senecio rowleyanus_ , , shadow box, –235 sheet moss, , , , , –143, , –188, –215, –240 silver vase, skin irritants _Euphorbia decaryi_ , orchids, snake plant, soil and soil mixtures, soilless plants. _See_ epiphytes Spanish moss, sphagnum moss, –65, , , –156, –161, –203 spider plant, spike moss, spinach leaves, , –102 staghorn fern, , , –67 stones and rocks. _See_ rocks and stones strawberry begonia, , , string gardens, , –137, –205, –217 string of bananas, string of hearts, , string of pearls, , stump garden, –163 succulents as houseplants, , , , , humidity and, in miniature desert landscapes, –199, –211 for open terrariums, shallow root structures, , , use in projects, –81, –111, –199, –205, –211 _See also_ cacti sweet heartleaf fern, sweet peas, sword fern, tannins in driftwood, temperature indicators of problems with, for indoor houseplants, –21 measuring, temperature requirements for specific plants. _See plant chart_ , –37; _individual project instructions_ terra-cotta pots, , , terrariums choosing plants for, light requirements, , maintaining, –244 use in project, –245 textural elements cacti, ferns and moss, lava rock, mounted plants as adding, on pinch pots, , thistle, _Tillandsia_ / tillandsia (air plants) description, , as substitute for succulents, use in projects, –119, –137 tools. _See individual project lists_ top dressings and watering frequency, _Tradescantia albiflora_ , tray landscapes, , , –175, –211, –229 tree dwelling plants. _See_ epiphytes trichosalpinx, umbrella plant, urn plant, Van der Valk, Fedor, vanilla and vanilla beans, , vanilla orchid, , , variegated string of pearls, vegetables for emulsions, velvet plant, vertical garden, –89 _Vesicularia dubyana_ , Victorian age, vine planter, –53 vines orchid, in string garden, for tillandsia nests, , _See also_ s _pecific names of vines_ violets, wall displays, wandering Jew, Ward, Nathaniel, water gardens, –169, –221 watering in containers without drainage holes, , evaporating chlorine, , , indicators of problems, , methods and frequency, –22 overwatering cautions, , similar requirements for plant groupings, by submersion, tap water and rainwater, –22 tips, –22 watering requirements for specific plants. _See plant chart_ , –37; _individual project instructions_ wax plant, weeping fig, , willow crafting, –131 window exposures east, light levels and, moving plants away from, , , , near terrariums, north, south, , , , , southwest / southeast, sunny and bright, , west, , wire vine, wood found, , , logs, rot-resistant, , wreath frames, wreaths, –125, –191 yarrow, _Yucca brevifolia_ , _Zelkova serrata_ , zigzag cactus, , –157 zinnias, # **ABOUT THE AUTHOR** For the past ten years **Caitlin Atkinson** has worked as a freelance photographer and stylist with gardens, interiors, and still life. Prior to that she worked in floral design and at Flora Grubb Gardens as interior merchandiser, where she acquired a vast knowledge of gardening indoors and houseplant care, and honed her skills in display making. Drawing inspiration from gardens, parks, nature, history, and art, Caitlin has been styling interior spaces with garden-inspired projects for years. See more of her work at www.caitlinatkinson.net. Copyright © 2016 by Caitlin Atkinson. All rights reserved. All photographs by the author. Published in 2016 by Timber Press, Inc. The Haseltine Building 133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450 Portland, Oregon 97204-3527 timberpress.com Cover design by Skye McNeill Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. eISBN: 978-1-60469-774-2 A catalog record for this book is also available from the British Library. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.sonatype.oss</groupId> <artifactId>oss-parent</artifactId>

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so long as they are not wholly unrelated to the transactions or facts considered or testified to at the preliminary."). ¶ 6. As relevant to this case, WIS. STAT. § 971.01(1) (1997-98)[4] provides, "The district attorney shall examine all facts and circumstances connected with any preliminary examination touching the commission of any crime if the defendant has been bound over for trial and ... shall file an information according to the evidence on such examination...." WISCONSIN STAT. § 971.29(1) provides, "A complaint or information may be amended at any time prior to arraignment without leave of the court." The supreme court has explained that § 971.29(1) "should be read to permit amendment of the information before trial and within a reasonable time after arraignment, with leave of the court, provided the defendant's rights are not prejudiced, including the right to notice, speedy trial *266 and the opportunity to defend." Whitaker v. State, 83 Wis. 2d 368, 374, 265 N.W.2d 575 (1978).[5] [1] ¶ 7. "[O]ur review of the charges in an information is limited to the narrow question of `whether the district attorney abused his [or her] discretion in issuing a charge not within the confines of and "wholly unrelated" to the testimony received at the preliminary examination.'" State v. Kittilstad, 231 Wis. 2d 245, 255, 603 N.W.2d 732 (1999). Whether a challenged count is "wholly unrelated" is subject to our de novo review. See State v. Richer, 174 Wis. 2d 231, 238-39, 496 N.W.2d 66 (1993). We conclude that the count alleging the sexual assault of Aaron is not "wholly unrelated" to the testimony, received at the preliminary examination, which alleged the sexual assault of Alicia. [2] ¶ 8. In State v. Burke, 153 Wis. 2d 445, 451 N.W.2d 739 (1990), the supreme court declared: "[A] prosecutor may bring additional charges in the information so long as the charges are not wholly unrelated to the transactions or facts considered or testified to at the preliminary examination, irrespective of whether direct evidence concerning the charges had been produced at the preliminary examination." Id. at 457 (emphasis added). In Richer, the supreme court elaborated that, in order to clear the "wholly unrelated" hurdle, "counts contained in the information must flow *267 from the same transaction for which evidence has been introduced at the preliminary hearing." Richer, 174 Wis. 2d at 247 (emphasis added). Clearly, in this case, the count involving Aaron flowed from the same transaction for which evidence was introduced at the preliminary hearing regarding the assault of Alicia. ¶ 9. The parties acknowledge that no Wisconsin appellate decision has directly addressed whether, in a sexual assault case, counts are "wholly unrelated" simply because the victims are different. The State argues, however, that "there is no logical reason why a prosecutor should be precluded from adding to an information counts which affect two or more victims but which are otherwise part of the same criminal transaction or `common nucleus of facts.'" Further, noting that in this case the criminal complaint, preliminary hearing testimony, and trial testimony all described facts and circumstances surrounding the assault of Aaron as well as that of Alicia, the State contends that the counts are related because they "occurred during the same general time frame, and at the same geographic location," and they "shared an identical motive and criminal intent." Finally, the State submits that "[a]lthough the victims of each crime were different, they were also tied together both as siblings and by being the object of their grandfather's attempt for sexual gratification." ¶ 10. The State is correct. The supreme court has clarified that for a charge to not be "wholly unrelated to the transactions or facts considered or testified to" at a preliminary hearing, it "must be `related in terms of parties involved, witnesses involved, geographical proximity, time, physical evidence, motive and intent.'" Burke, 153 Wis. 2d at 457. All seven factors need not be satisfied; instead, they "form a general *268 framework for determining whether counts can be added to the information and yet meet the goals of the preliminary hearing." Richer, 174 Wis. 2d at 239-40. The second count in the instant case, however, satisfied all seven criteria. [3] ¶ 11. Except for the difference between the victims, the counts were closely related in every way. The parties involved were related, literally and legally. That is, Alicia and Aaron were related to each other and to their step-grandfather; and their assaults were related to each other, occurring at approximately the same time and location, and under the same circumstances. Further, the witnesses and physical evidence were the same, and Bury's motive and intent for both assaults were indistinguishable. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court was correct in denying Bury's motion to dismiss the second count of the amended information.[6] By the Court.Judgment affirmed. NOTES [] Petition to review denied. [2] The complaint alleged that the crime occurred on or about February 6 or 7, 1999. Testimony at the preliminary hearing placed the date about one week earlier. Based on that testimony, Judicial Court Commissioner Anthony J. Machi, who presided over the preliminary hearing, granted the State's motion to amend the criminal complaint to charge one count of first-degree sexual assault of a child on or about February 1, 1999. [3] Because the amended information alleged that the crimes occurred on or about February 6 or 7, 1999, the motion also requested "an order clarifying the date of the alleged offense in count one of the amended information on the grounds that the date set forth is different than the date testified to during the preliminary hearing." At the May 13, 1999 motion hearing, the prosecutor moved to amend the amended information to allege that the crimes occurred on or about February 1, 1999. While never formally ruling on that motion, the court, after hearing statements from the defense and the prosecutor regarding the amended information and the complaint, commented that it did not "have a problem with the date portion." [4] All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 1997-98 version unless otherwise noted. [5] In the trial court, Bury argued that the second count denied him due process because it did not allow him "the right to have a preliminary hearing [on that count] and challenge that transaction." He did not contend, however, that the addition of the second count denied him notice, speedy trial, or the opportunity to defend. [6] Bury also argues for a new trial on count one. He contends that evidence of the assault of Aaron was the only corroboration of his confession to the assault of Alicia and, therefore, because no evidence regarding Aaron should have been admitted, he was entitled to a directed verdict on count one. His argument, however, is premised on his contention that the charge involving Aaron should not have been allowed; he does not challenge his conviction on count one on any other basis. Thus, having rejected his argument regarding count two, we need not further address his additional challenge to the conviction on count one. The Number That Matters At Nokia: Watch The Cash Jan 10, 2013 11:19 am ET Bloomberg By Sven Grundberg Nokia pre-empted earnings with a rosy portrait of smartphone demand and other parts of its business, but there is still reason to tune in when the company issues its fourth quarter results on January 24. Among the most critical issues for Nokia, not mentioned in Thursday’s news release, is the company’s financial position. Nokia’s pile of cash has been shrinking ever since its Canadian-born Chief Executive Stephen Elop announced his bold move to adopt Microsoft’s untested operating system for future devices. The shrinking cash pile has caused serious concern about the company’s long term prospects. By the end of September last year, Nokia’s net cash position reached €3.6 billion, down from €4.2 billion at the end of June, and down from €7 billion when Mr. Elop became the company’s chief executive in late 2010. The company’s costly strategy overhaul has led to a series of credit downgrades from the three major credit-rating firms, all of whom have cut Nokia’s debt rating to junk. Scrambling to raise cash and cut costs amid deepening losses, Nokia recently raised €170 million by selling its suburban-Helsinki headquarter building to Finnish property investor Exilion Capital Oy and agreeing to lease it back on a long-term basis. The deal, which Nokia first said it was pursuing in October, followed an earlier move to raise €750 million in a bond offering. The company has also been selling patents and divesting itself of parts of its business, including an optical-network unit sold last month by its Nokia Siemens Networks arm, as well as the Vertu luxury phone unit, bought by a Swedish private equity firm for an undisclosed sum last year. So even if Nokia seems to be on track to halt its declining smartphone sales, the road ahead is long, steep and slippery. Therefore cash is likely to be the key topic as Nokia discloses the whole enchilada in two weeks time. This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. Distribution and use of this material are governed by our Subscriber Agreement and by copyright law. For non-personal use or to order multiple copies, please contact Dow Jones Reprints

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of danger and insecurity. Nowadays, though the feeling of danger still persists, and natives never feel safe and comfortable in a strange district, this danger is rather felt as a magical one, and it is more the fear of foreign sorcery that besets them. In olden days, more tangible dangers were apprehended, and the partner was the main guarantee of safety. He also provides with food, gives presents, and his house, though never used to sleep in, is the place in which to foregather while in the village. Thus the Kula partnership provides every man within its ring with a few friends near at hand, and with some friendly allies in the far-away, dangerous, foreign districts. These are the only people with whom he can _kula_ , but, of course, amongst all his partners, he is free to choose to which one he will offer which object. Let us now try to cast a broad glance at the cumulative effects of the rules of partnership. We see that all around the ring of Kula there is a network of relationships, and that naturally the whole forms one interwoven fabric. Men living at hundreds of miles' sailing distance from one another are bound together by direct or intermediate partnership, exchange with each other, know of each other, and on certain occasions meet in a large inter-tribal gathering (Plate XX). Objects given by one, in time reach some very distant indirect partner or other, and not only Kula objects, but various articles of domestic use and minor gifts. It is easy to see that in the long run, not only objects of material culture, but also customs, songs, art motives and general cultural influences travel along the Kula route. It is a vast, inter-tribal net of relationships, a big institution, consisting of thousands of men, all bound together by one common passion for Kula exchange, and secondarily, by many minor ties and interests. _Plate XX_ A Kula Gathering on the Beach of Sinaketa Along about half a mile's length of shore, over eighty canoes are beached or moored, and in the village, on the beach, and in the surrounding country there are assembled some two thousand natives from several districts, ranging from Kitava to Dobu. This illustrates the manner in which the Kula brings together large numbers of people belonging to different cultures; in this case, that of Kitava, Boyowa, the Amphletts and Dobu. (See p. 100, and Ch. XVI, Div. II.) Returning again to the personal aspect of the Kula, let us take a concrete example, that of _an average man_ who lives, let us assume, in the village of Sinaketa, an important Kula centre in the Southern Trobriands. He has a few partners, near and far, but they again fall into categories, those who give him arm shells, and those who give him necklaces. For it is naturally an invariable rule of the Kula that arm shells and necklaces are never received from the same man, since they must travel in different directions. If one partner gives the arm shells, and I return to him a necklace, all future operations have to be of the same type. More than that, the nature of the operation between me, the man of Sinaketa, and my partner, is determined by our relative positions with regard to the points of the compass. Thus I, in Sinaketa, would receive from the North and East only arm shells; from the South and West, necklaces are given to me. If I have a near partner next door to me, if his abode is North or East of mine, he will always be giving me arm shells and receiving necklaces from me. If, at a later time he were to shift his residence within the village, the old relationship would obtain, but if he became a member of another village community on the other side of me the relationship would be reversed. The partners in villages to the North of Sinaketa, in the district of Luba, Kulumata, or Kiriwina all supply me with armshells. These I hand over to my partners in the South, and receive from them necklaces. The South in this case means the Southern districts of Boyowa, as well as the Amphletts and Dobu. Thus every man has to obey definite rules as to the geographical direction of his transactions. At any point in the Kula ring, if we imagine him turned towards the centre of the circle, he receives the armshells with his left hand, and the necklaces with his right, and then hands them both on. In other words, he constantly passes the armshells from left to right, and the necklaces from right to left. Applying this rule of personal conduct to the whole Kula ring, we can see at once what the aggregate result is. The sum total of exchanges will not result in an aimless shifting of the two classes of article, in a fortuitous come and go of the armshells and necklaces. Two continuous streams will constantly flow on, the one of necklaces following the hands of a clock, and the other, composed of the armshells, in the opposite direction. We see thus that it is quite correct to speak of the _circular_ exchange of the Kula, of a ring or circuit of moving articles (comp. Map V). On this ring, all the villages are placed in a definitely fixed position with regard to one another, so that one is always on either the armshell or on the necklace side of the other. Now we pass to another rule of the Kula, of the greatest importance. As just explained "the armshells and shell-strings always travel in their own respective directions on the ring, and they are never, under any circumstances, traded back in the wrong direction. Also, they never stop. It seems almost incredible at first, but it is the fact, nevertheless, that no one ever keeps any of the Kula valuables for any length of time. Indeed, in the whole of the Trobriands there are perhaps only one or two specially fine armshells and shell-necklaces permanently owned as heirlooms, and these are set apart as a special class, and are once and for all out of the Kula. 'Ownership' therefore, in Kula, is quite a special economic relation. A man who is in the Kula never keeps any article for longer than, say, a year or two. Even this exposes him to the reproach of being niggardly, and certain districts have the bad reputation of being 'slow' and 'hard' in the Kula. On the other hand, each man has an enormous number of articles passing through his hands during his life time, of which he enjoys a temporary possession, and which he keeps in trust for a time. This possession hardly ever makes him use the articles, and he remains under the obligation soon again to hand them on to one of his partners. But the temporary ownership allows him to draw a great deal of renown, to exhibit his article, to tell how he obtained it, and to plan to whom he is going to give it. And all this forms one of the favourite subjects of tribal conversation and gossip, in which the feats and the glory in Kula of chiefs or commoners are constantly discussed and re-discussed."3 Thus every article moves in one direction only, never comes back, never permanently stops, and takes as a rule some two to ten years to make the round. This feature of the Kula is perhaps its most remarkable one, since it creates a new type of ownership, and places the two Kula articles in a class of their own. Here we can return to the comparison drawn between the _vaygu'a_ (Kiriwinian valuables) and the European heirlooms. This comparison broke down on one point: in the European objects of this class, permanent ownership, lasting association with the hereditary dignity or rank or with a family, is one of its main features. In this the Kula articles differ from heirlooms, but resemble another type of valued object, that is, trophies, gauges of superiority, sporting cups, objects which are kept for a time only by the winning party, whether a group or an individual. Though held only in trust, only for a period, though never used in any utilitarian way, yet the holders get from them a special type of pleasure by the mere fact of owning them, of being entitled to them. Here again, it is not only a superficial, external resemblance, but very much the same mental attitude, favoured by similar social arrangements. The resemblance goes so far that in the Kula there exists also the element of pride in merit, an element which forms the main ingredient in the pleasure felt by a man or group holding a trophy. Success in Kula is ascribed to special, personal power, due mainly to magic, and men are very proud of it. Again, the whole community glories in a specially fine Kula trophy, obtained by one of its members. All the rules so far enumerated—looking at them from the individual point of view—limit the social range and the direction of the transactions as well as the duration of ownership of the articles. Looking at them from the point of view of their integral effect, they shape the general outline of the Kula, give it the character of the double-closed circuit. Now a few words must be said about the nature of each individual transaction, in so far as its _commercial technicalities_ are concerned. Here very definite rules also obtain. V The main principle underlying the regulations of actual exchange is that the

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Bradley has hit only .196 with a .548 OPS. Both numbers rank in the bottom three in baseball. The struggles took a mental toll and led to reports that Bradley stubbornly resisted the advice of his coaches. Rodriguez views it a little differently. “I’ve been with him for a while,” he said. “I saw him in the minor leagues. You want him to do what he’s capable of doing. The last two years, he really didn’t show that, or at least what he showed me in the minor leagues. “What’s more, he believes in himself so much that he trusted what he was doing and really didn’t want to go out and try something different. A lot of times we gave him opinions and he probably thought that his way was going to be better. It’s tough, because he believes in himself so much, and he wanted to go his way. “I believe that was a learning year for him. All that is behind him. He really wants to do things the right way. I’m very positive that this guy’s going in the right direction.” The fruit of Bradley’s labors will be apparent this spring. If he hits, he’ll force himself back onto the big league radar, even in a crowded outfield. If he doesn’t, we might never see him in a Red Sox uniform again. All Rodriguez knows is that he’s not closing to giving up on Bradley, as he made clear when asked what kind of player Bradley can be if he figures things out at the plate. “Oh my dear Lord,” Rodriguez said. “Something good. I know his name is not mentioned too much. But the defensive ability this guy has, if he’s able to bring that offensive part of the game on a consistent basis, I think we’ve got something good, something really good. “And for me, it’s not a bad thing that Jackie Bradley will come out and show people the kind of player he is. It’s going to benefit the team.” PHOENIX — With the Red Sox‘ surplus of outfielders, much of the conversation regarding the Red Sox and potential trades will involve any and all players manning that position for John Farrell‘s club. Included in that mix is Jackie Bradley. When asked if teams are viewing Bradley as an everyday center fielder, Red Sox general manager Ben Cherington said, “I do think there are some teams that think of him in that way, as they should. And we think of him in that way. You don’t know on what date it will all happen. But we certainly think of him as an everyday caliber center fielder.” The question revolving around Bradley, of course, is his ability to hit. The outfielder barely avoided possessing the worst batting average of any player with at least 384 at-bats, hitting .198. But then there’s that defense, which allowed for the rookie to finish among the finalists for an American League Gold Glove. “Teams have come a long way, the industry has come a long way on separating out the myth from the facts — this is what we know, this is what we can predict, this is what we can’t predict,” said Cherington of measuring defense. “There’s probably more volatility in the defensive projections than there are in other areas because so much of it is environmental and contextual. There’s more noise in the data. You look at longer sample sizes with defense to try to get as long a sample as possible when you’re evaluation as opposed to offense, where you may be able to look at smaller. It’s not precise, but I think teams are a lot further ahead than they were 10 years ago.” — Cherington said no definitive decision had been made on whether Rusney Castillo would be playing in the Puerto Rico Winter League (as planned). The GM did note, however, that Castillo’s bruised hand was no longer a concern. “He got seen yesterday in Boston. He’s fine, coming along, basically passed everything,” Cherington said. “We’re going to make a determination in the next several days as to whether to continue the offseason get him back to Puerto Rico at some point. He would need a period of ramp up now, but the injury essentially is healed.” Castillo, who signed a contract in August that runs through 2020 for $72.5 million, hit .278 with a .333 OBP and .361 slugging mark with three doubles, three walks and six strikeouts in 39 plate appearances for the Surprise Saguaros in the Arizona Fall League. He was originally scheduled to start playing for former Red Sox’ infielder Alex Cora‘s team in Puerto Rico on Nov. 7. Three members of the Red Sox were named finalists for the 2014 Rawlings Gold Glove Award, which recognizes one player from each league at each position. Three-time winner Dustin Pedroia was named a finalist along with Robinson Cano of the Mariners and Ian Kinsler of the Tigers. Jackie Bradley Jr. was named a finalist in center field along with Adam Jones of the Orioles and Adam Eaton of the White Sox. And Yoenis Cespedes, acquired in midseason from the A’s, is a finalist in left field, along with Michael Brantley of the Indians and reigning winner Alex Gordon of the Royals. Fangraphs had Pedroia as the major league leader by a considerable margin in UZR. John Dewan’s Plus/Minus system had Pedroia as second to Kinsler in both runs saved and defensive plays made above average. Fangraphs had Bradley leading the American League, also by a significant margin, in UZR, while Dewan’s system had Bradley behind only Leonys Martin of the Rangers in runs saved (14), but placed him behind Lorenzo Cain and Jarrod Dyson of the Royals as well as Eaton in plus/minus. Though Fangraphs had Cespedes being below average in range, his howitzer of an arm permitted him to rank second in the AL (behind only Gordon) in UZR, according to Fangraphs. Dewan’s runs saved system likewise pegged Cespedes as the second most impactful left fielder in the AL with 12 runs saved, behind only Gordon’s 27. Arguably short-changed as a nominee for the second straight year: Mike Napoli, who according to Dewan, ranked third in the AL to a pair of Orioles (Steven Pearce and Chris Davis) in first base runs saved and led the AL with 10 plays above average. Fangraphs pegged Napoli as having the third best UZR (behind Albert Pujols and Mark Teixeira) in American League UZR. ESPN’s Buster Olney made his weekly appearance on Middays with MFB on Wednesday to discuss the Red Sox‘ prospects for next season and other baseball news. To hear the interview, go to the MFB audio on demand page. David Ortiz recently talked to WEEI.com’s Rob Bradford about how he feels he proved his worth this season after being disrespected last offseason. Olney said he understands Ortiz’s feelings, but he also appreciates that the Red Sox can’t go overboard to keep the aging slugger happy, despite his solid production. “He was tremendous. He certainly I think added to numbers that are already Hall of Fame-worthy,” Olney said. “But in some respects it’s got to be a little scary for the Red Sox, because I kept on hearing from people with other teams, they’re like, ‘You know, David Ortiz is great, but when you’re in a position where the Red Sox are and you have a player in his late 30s who’s your best offensive players, that’s a little scary. And you don’t want to be out on that ledge. The fact that they were so reliant on him this year, where it felt like if Ortiz didn’t hit they really didn’t have much around him, it probably is an impetus for the Red Sox to go out and make some improvements. He was great, there’s no question about it. “And I know that part of [his attitude] is related to David’s feeling about the contract and was it handled right. The bottom line is, is that where we are in 2014 is that designated hitters, like closers, do not get huge dollars. That’s part of the reason why — and age has a lot to do with it — why the Red Sox are never going to go way out on a long-term contract on a player in that position.” Asked what was the key to the Sox’ struggles this season, Olney said: “Offense. Taking a big step back. AJ. Pierzynski was supposed to be more than what he was, it just didn’t work out. They clearly didn’t get as much out of [Xander] Bogaerts than they thought they would. Jackie Bradley Jr. wasn’t close to being what they thought he would. And I know Jacoby Ellsbury hasn’t had a huge season with the Yankees, but he’s a much better offensive players than Jackie Bradley Jr. was, and they never made up for what Jackie couldn’t do. And that’s been a problem all year for the Red Sox.” Olney

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they flat or sloping. These and other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter. The invention accordingly comprises the product possessing the features, properties and the relation of components which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.>> The Most Haunted Online Poker Rooms ♠ Online Poker Rooms and True Hauntings ♠ Welcome to Haunted Poker, a site filled to the brim with ghoulish delights for the enchanted poker player. Sure, we'll share our countless hours of poker-playing prowess through our original online poker room reviews. These will indulge you with honest and meticulously dissected reviews on multiplayer poker sites across the 'net. And, of course, we'll help you build an eerily sophisticated game through our originalpoker strategy articles. We cover everything from Texas Hold'em tournaments to beating the fish at the spookily wild online poker tables. However, what really sets our site apart is the ghostly collection of true hauntings - casino style. Everyone likes a good spook, but these aren't your everyday campfire tales. These are the real haunted houses. These are real hauntings from actual casinos, poker rooms, and gambling halls all over the world. We invite you to wander through the depths of our domain... literally... and experience the most chilling online poker sites, online casinos, and true hauntings this side of Transylvania. Please keep in mind that we only offer you original content that is exclusive to our site. We feel that you deserve nothing less. So, with our blessing, please enjoy what we have to offer. Don't let the cobwebs on the chips frighten you - we're just waiting for pocket Aces. "My name is Baron Stakes and I'd like to give you a brief tour of our domain. I know, handsome poker-playing vampires are hard to come by but would did you expect did you expect with a name like Stakes?" Of course there's nothing like a little global gossip to stir the veins. Our news section is updated at least 3 times every week with stories from around the poker world and the paranormal realm. Paranormal news includes true ghost stories and UFO sightings whereas poker news includes big tournament results, online poker news, and brick & mortar cardroom news. This section serves to give you an objective overview on the most delectable of online poker rooms. We've played many hours on each site in order to give you accurate information and, more importantly, original online poker reviews. These pages share our experiences, give you specific tips for playing on each site, and include special bonuses available to our players. Areas of review include strength of bonuses, promotions, number of fish, tournaments, software, cashouts, customer service, USA online poker, and overall best features. We've studied both offline and online poker through research, observation, and most importantly real table experience. Our poker strategy articles aim to share that knowledge with you so that you can also become a consistent winner at online poker. Included are sections on ring games and special tutorials on how to win tournaments and beat the online fish. Of course... our exclusive tales of true hauntings grace this section of our site. These are real documented hauntings, and we refuse to post any speculation that hasn't been confirmed and/or investigated. You'll find haunted hotels, casinos, and cardrooms in this one-of-a-kind feature. This corner of our site includes updated and interactive listings to all the online poker tournaments you can possibly imagine. Our listings are organized by poker room and have many variables that you can customize in order to find the desired tournaments We also include a freeroll tracker for your pleasure. Our fine literature section divulges our best choices for both paranormal and poker books. You'll find texts of limit, no limit, tournaments, ghosts, UFOs... the whole lot. We also include our analysis and reviews on our favorites. Finally, you should explore a haunted community that you can call your own. Whether you need to explode about your dreadful bad beat, discover the most haunted location in Vegas, seek advice on choosing a new online poker home, get opinions on your gameplay from our truly haunted staff, or just discuss the news over a nice, tall, thick, dark, red glass of... I mean... well... you'll find it here. We also plan on hosting special tournaments for the darkest forum on the 'net.South Korea plans to send its first batch of 10 medical personnel to Ebola-hit Sierra Leone in mid-December as part of global efforts to contain the deadly virus, the government said Wednesday. The team of four doctors and six nurses will depart Seoul on Dec. 13 for Worcestor, north of London, where they will receive safety education from Dec. 15-20, according to a joint statement by the foreign, health and defense ministries. They will then leave for Sierra Leone a day later and begin full-fledged work on Dec. 29 at an Ebola clinic being built by Britain in Goderich, near the capital of Freetown, after weeklong on-the-job training there. Seoul and London are set to clinch a preliminary deal soon over the dispatch of medical workers and their roles. The statement also said South Korea plans to dispatch a total of 30 medical workers in three batches to the Ebola clinic. "By taking into account the situation there, Seoul will decide at next week's meeting how long the first group will be dispatched for," Oh Young-ju, director-general at the foreign ministry's development cooperation bureau, told a press briefing. She added that each batch of medical workers is likely to be sent to the African country for a minimum of four weeks. The move came as the 12-member advance team of government officials and civilian experts has recently wrapped up a two-week field study on Sierra Leone for a future dispatch of medical workers. In October, South Korean President Park Geun-hye announced the plan to send a group of doctors and nurses there to lend support to global efforts to contain the deadly virus. Ebola is estimated to have killed more than 5,400 people since December last year. The government said that if South Korean medical workers are infected with the virus, they will be transported to hospitals in Europe that are capable of treating Ebola via civilian and military aircraft run by the European Union. The idea of transporting infected medical workers to Seoul has been dismissed by taking into account safety concerns and the long flight time, it added. The 10 medical workers will be quarantined in South Korea for 21 days, the incubation period of the virus, when they return home. Seoul has said that the team of volunteer medical workers was picked based on their level of expertise, adding that a higher-than-expected number of medical personnel has applied. Seoul has so far provided US$5.6 million to global efforts to fight the Ebola virus. (Yonhap)In the jungle Resource Information The work In the jungle represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Oshkosh Public Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Language Material, Books. Lost in an Australian rainforest, Andrew, Judy, and Thudd the robot, who are still the size of insects, must evade Rhinoceros beetles, tarantulas, flesh-eating plants, and a host of other threats as they make their way toward the village where Uncle Al will meet them<?php /* * This file is part of PHP CS Fixer. * * (c) Fabien Potencier <[email protected]> * Dariusz Rumiński <[email protected]> * * This source file is subject to the MIT license that is bundled * with this source code in the file LICENSE. */ namespace PhpCsFixer\Tests\Fixer\Casing; use PhpCsFixer\Tests\Test\AbstractFixerTestCase; /** * @author SpacePossum * * @internal * * @covers \PhpCsFixer\Fixer\Casing\NativeFunctionTypeDeclarationCasingFixer */ final class NativeFunctionTypeDeclarationCasingFixerTest extends AbstractFixerTestCase { /** * @param string $expected * @param null|string $input * * @dataProvider provideFixCases */ public function testFix($expected, $input = null) { $this->doTest($expected, $input); } public function provideFixCases() { return [ [ '<?php class Foo { private function Bar(array $bar) { return false; } } ', '<?php class Foo { private function Bar(ARRAY $bar) { return false; }

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) { // we need to call setValue(), 'cause the default/constant value // may be in fact a timestamp, not an array return HTML_QuickForm_element::onQuickFormEvent($event, $arg, $caller); } else { return parent::onQuickFormEvent($event, $arg, $caller); } } // }}} } ?>Great British Menu episode 10 2020 – Northern Ireland – Starter & Fish Courses: This week, the battle is on with the heats for Northern Ireland. Competing for the top spot are two returning chefs and two newcomers. Alex Greene is returning for another crack at the contest after being runner-up in the regional final last year. Having worked in a string of Michelin-starred restaurants around the world, he is now head chef at one-starred Deane’s Eipic in Belfast. He is hoping his classic dishes, which are big on flavour, will see him through this time around. Shauna Froydenlund is also returning after being runner-up at the regional final two years ago. She is co-chef patron of Marcus Wareing’s restaurant Marcus at the Berkeley Hotel with her husband Mark. She is a classical chef with particular pastry expertise. Newcomer Paul Cunningham is from Newcastle in Northern Ireland, where he is head chef at Brunels. Paul prides himself on using local ingredients and is a keen forager so tries to get a wild ingredient into every dish. Leigh Ferguson from Lisburn is head chef at Clenaghans in Aghalee. Also an advocate of local Northern Irish produce, Leigh is hoping to knock out the competition with the exotic ingredients he likes to infuse his dishes with. Presenter and comedian Susan Calman welcomes the chefs to the competition. Today, one of the four talented chefs will be going home so they have to impress their surprise veteran from the outset. First, they must whip up a new course: an amuse bouche. The four chefs prepare delicious mouthfuls, including salt-aged beef tartare and a shamrock pie, and bring them to the pass as Tom Aikens steps into the kitchen to pass judgement. Although not officially scored, this mini-course is ranked and used in the event of a tie. Great British Menu episode 10 2020 – Northern Ireland – Starter & Fish Courses While the brief celebrates British success in children’s literature, this week the chefs are tasked with honouring the theme of magical lands and time travel in kids’ books. Alex is making a filled baked potato in a cheese custard, which pays homage to Belfast author CS Lewis, whilst Shauna had similar inspiration for her dish Tea with Mr Tumnus, consisting of sardines on toast with an egg truffle and celeriac broth. Paul prepares an ambitious ode to Alice in Wonderland with his duck crumble with rhubarb starter, and Leigh honours Enid Blyton’s Enchanted Wood in his mushroom panna cotta starter, which he serves with artichokes and hazelnuts. The chefs’ fate depends on the scores they receive from their veteran, and with one person leaving after the fish course, nerves are running high. The chefs move on to the fish course, with Susan giving them support as they try to avoid being the first to leave. Leigh’s fish course is inspired by the Monster of Lough Neagh and showcases trout served with celeriac puree. Alex is planning on giving him a run for his money as he is cooking trout too but is serving his with beetroot. His dish Parrotfish is inspired by The Land of Neverbelieve by Norman Messenger. Shauna is cooking a dish inspired by the legend of Finn McCool, which gave the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland its name. It features monkfish, turnips and potatoes. Paul is opting to cook halibut with oysters and foraged nettles and seaweed in an ode to Enid Blyton’s The Magical Faraway Tree. With some surprising scores all round, who will be eliminated from the competition and not get to cook their entire menu? The pressure is on for all the chefs to deliver.Could 'Geostorm' Really Happen? The New Disaster Movie Paints A Bleak Climate Picture Disaster movies have long had a place in Hollywood. But while the early days of the genre featured small scale disasters like The Towering Inferno, Airport, and The Poseidon Adventure, recent years have seen films depicting worldwide cataclysms caused by climate change. Films like 2012 and The Day After Tomorrow have sounded the alarm about humanity's effect on the Earth's climate, and now a new film, Geostorm, looks to do the same. But could Geostorm really happen? It almost feels like it already has. 2017 has seen an abundance of worse-than-usual natural disasters, from the most damaging hurricane season ever to California's deadliest wildfire to two once-in-a-century earthquakes in Mexico, the past few months have looked like armageddon. Geostorm starts off in a similar place in the near-future where, after a number of devastating natural disasters caused by global warming, 18 nations have banded together to create a network of weather-controlling satellites. Initially, everything goes well with the satellites as they keep the climate in check and natural disasters become a thing of the past, but then someone starts sabotaging the system and it begins malfunctioning, causing cities to freeze, burn, or be otherwise destroyed by nature's wrath. So do we have to worry about this actually happening? Warner Bros. Pictures on YouTube Not really, though there are currently scientists who are looking into ways to better combat climate change through geoengineering, a discipline which looks to control the climate that has not yet seen any large-scale success but is being explored via a variety of different methods. According to Chris Berdik of the Boston Globe, some of the ways geoengineers are looking to fix the climate are by planting forests to convert excess carbon dioxide into oxygen, spraying sulfuric acid into the atmosphere to scatter sunlight and cool the planet, dumping iron dust into the ocean to increase the activity of CO2-eating phytoplankton, creating salt water vapor clouds to better reflect sunlight, building giant CO2 scrubbers, and launching giant mirrors into space to beam the sun's rays away from Earth. That last one is probably the closest realistic idea to the satellite system seen in Geostorm, but it's still a far cry from a system designed to actually control the climate, rather than just influence it. So how close is the field of geoengineering to actually coming up with a system like the one seen in Geostorm? Not close at all. Harvard professor and geoengineering scientist David Keith told Motherboard's Carl Franzen, "Geostorm's relationship to the science and politics of geoengineering seems about as realistic as The Day After Tomorrow's relationship to the science and politics of climate change. That is, there is almost no relationship." Considering that The Day After Tomorrow is one of the least-realistic disaster movies ever, you can probably rest easy knowing that the cataclysms of Geostorm aren't likely to happen in real life. Alan Robock, an environmental scientist at Rutgers, also spoke to Motherboard and cast doubt on the movie's dubious science, specifically taking to task the disasters themselves — which include things like planes being frozen out of the sky and armies of tornadoes. "The technology portrayed in the movie, as far as I can tell from the trailer, does not exist, and I know of no way to actually control the weather in the manner indicated," Robock said. "It is pure science fiction. The multiple tornadoes and huge wall of water from the ocean are impossible, given my understanding of climate physics, and clearly were invented to make the movie exciting." So if you're worried about the government controlling the weather and then someone hacking the system to cause natural disasters all over the globe like in Geostorm, don't be. The technology for doing so doesn't exist, and according to those in the know, it doesn't sound like it ever will.Escape from the north Updated The long and perilous journey of a North Korean defector. It was pitch black and silent as 15-year-old Soo-jung Ra* made her way across the vast sand dunes of the Gobi Desert. She was among a group of 11 North Korean defectors in search of liberty and freedom, en route to South Korea. Their broker had instructed them to follow the barbed-wire fence that stretched along the border between China and Mongolia. For a while, the only sound they could hear was the soft squeaking of their feet crunching in the sand. But suddenly, they were struck by the blinding headlights of a vehicle. At that moment Soo-jung believed she would be killed. Life under 'the great leader' As a young child in North Korea, Soo-jung describes a life of plenty. She was born in 1989. Her tight-knit family of four lived in the mountainous region of Myongchon county in North Hamgyong province. The 'Great Leader' and 'Eternal President' Kim Il-sung was in power and it was a time she recalls fondly. Her father worked at a factory and her mother at a farm. She and her older sister went to school, had homework, played games and bickered as siblings do. She

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Normals. There he meets Mortin Enaw, one of the creators of C&C, and other mythical creatures from the game, including the alluring Ada Ember, whom Perry finds more beautiful than any human girl he's ever met. Perry's new otherworldly friends need his help to save their princess and prevent mass violence. As they embark on their quest, Perry realizes that his nerdy childhood has uniquely prepared him to be a great warrior in this world, and maybe even a hero. But to save the princess, Perry will have to learn how to make real connections in the human world as well. Bestselling author Ned Vizzini delivers a compulsively readable and wildly original story about the winding and often hilarious path to manhood. Educator and Librarian Resources Critical Praise “With a deft sense of humor and a keen ear for funny and realistic teen dialogue, Vizzini explores one teen everyman’s quest to become a hero, one roll of the six-sided die at a time …. Great geeky fun.” —Kirkus Reviews “Perry is lovably awkward, and his goofy eagerness is offset by his bitingly funny observations…. Vizzini’s true strength is in authentically depicting the skills needed to survive growing up.” —ALA Booklist “THE OTHER NORMALS is wildly imaginative, incredibly funny, and weirdly wise. I don’t know where Vizzini gets this stuff it’s like he’s tapped into the collective unconscious of alienated adolescents everywhere.” —Lev Grossman, New York Times bestselling author of THE MAGICIAN and THE MAGICIAN KING “Vizzini has created a likable geek in Perry and an interesting alternate world that could easily be the setting for more adventures. This book will be enjoyed by readers open to something that straddles the line between fantasy and science fiction.” —School Library Journal “A fast-paced coming-of-age story with a fascinating premise which, to the great credit of the author, is seamless and strangely believable.” —R.A. Salvatore, New York Times Bestselling author of CHARON'S CLAW and The Dark Elf Trilogy Praise for IT’S KIND OF A FUNNY STORY: “This book offers hope in a package that readers will find enticing, and that’s the gift it offers.” —Booklist (starred review) HarperCollins Reader When you purchase e-books from HarperCollins, you can read it on our HarperCollins Reader App that is available on your iPhone/iPad, Android or Kindle Fire. We encourage you to use the HC Reader App since it supports our type of e-book files and you may have some trouble with a different reader app. Instructions Please make sure you have a HarperCollins Account. If you purchase/have purchased an e-book from HarperCollins, this is your account login and password. Otherwise, please click here to register. Download the HC Reader App on iPhone/iPad, Android or Kindle Fire and sign in with your HarperCollins account (your username is an e-mail address). Please note that Kindle Fire users must edit their settings (Settings < Device) to allow installation of apps in order to download the HC Reader App. This App is not available in the Amazon App Store.Q: Changing order of columns on different screens basically what I'm trying to achieve using bootstrap is something like this (https://ibb.co/mBB9P6P). When it's resized to smaller screens it should like (https://ibb.co/0XnDy2S). Of course with the code I'm using, what happens is that second image goes behind second paragraph My idea was using Bootstrap's order-first and order-last classes to achieve this and while it works for mobile, on desktop both pictures are on left. What I thought would work was removing a class from a div on different media query but I'm not sure if that's even an option. <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <img src="img1.png"> </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <p>Text</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <p>Text</p> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <img src="img1.png"> </div> </div> A: If you're using Bootstrap 4, then you can take advantage of its flex based layout and use the order property. Here is an example: @media (max-width: 768px) { .col-md-9 { order: 2; } .col-md-3 { order: 1; } } img { width: 100%; } <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <img src="https://placehold.it/250x150"> </div> <div class="col-md-9"> <p>Text</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <p>Text</p> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <img src="https://placehold.it/250x150"> </div> </div> Here is a fiddle to play with: https://jsfiddle.net/2mwxeor5/1/ 最低賃金をはるかに下回る時給で、早朝から深夜までこき使える ― 外国人労働者の受け入れ枠拡大に向けた入管法改正（改悪）法案の審議が衆院で大詰めを迎えた。与党はきょう27日中の通過を目指す。安価な外国人労働者を大量に入れれば、自国の労働者の賃金低下を招く。何より国際社会に向かって恥ずべき「奴隷買い」を国策として行おうというのである。「安倍総理は一体何を考えているのか。あなたは日本を取り戻すのではなかったのか」。首相官邸前に日章旗を林立させながら、抗議の声をあげているのは「頑張れ日本！全国行動委員会」の水島総・幹事長だ。いつもは安倍応援団である水島氏だが、演説を聞けば極めてまっとうな主張であることが分かる。水島氏は、会社を愛し定年まで勤めあげることを善とした日本型資本主義を壊したのは自民党だという。「歴史的に見ても移民を入れて長期的に発展した国はない」。「薄っぺらな国家観で、こんなもので国がやっていけるのか・・・こんな状態で日本が良くなると考えるのか」。「まして外国人労働者は商品でない。喜び、悲しみ、苦しみ、泣いて、笑って、助け合う生身の人間である。君たちに人間に対するまなざしが本当にあるのか」。雇用先で虐待を受け、低賃金で働かされる外国人労働者が涙ながらに訴える・・・こんな事があちこちで起きる日本は、どうみても誇りある国とはいえない。「なぜ、そんなに急がなきゃいけないのか

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-Well Acoustic Charge Transport Device," issued to William J. Tanski, Sears W. Merritt and Robert N. Sacks. Further information regarding ACT and HACT devices is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,596, entitled "Acoustic Charge Transport Device Having Direct Optical Input", issued to R. N. Sacks et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,926,083, entitled Optically Modulated Acoustic Charge Transport Device", issued to S. W. Merritt et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,001, entitled "Monolithic Electro-Acoustic Device Having An Acoustic Charge Transport Device Integrated With A Transistor", issued to R. N. Sacks et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,633,285, entitled "Acoustic Charge Transport Device And Method" issued to B. J. Hunsinger et al. ; the above-noted patents are incorporated herein by reference. The SAW thus functions as an acoustic clocking signal, similarly to clocking signals in a conventional charge-coupled device (CCD), but without need for complex interconnections which CCDs require. SAW transducer/channel width design considerations are addressed in "A Synopsis of Surface Acoustic Wave Propagation on {100}-Cut <110>-Propagating Gallium Arsenide" by W. D. Hunt et al., (J. Appl.Phys. 69(4), pp. 1936-1941, 15 Feb. 1991), which is incorporated herein by reference. CCDs, bucket brigade devices and related memory devices have the disadvantages that great fabrication complexity is necessary in order to provide the polyphase clocking signals required by such devices. Other disadvantages of such devices include limited practical clocking speed and substantial dark currents. The capacitive nature of the transfer electrodes to which the clocking signals are applied exacerbates difficulties involved in attempting to increase clocking speeds because these types of charge transfer devices tend to operate best when driven by clocking signals having sharp transitions, e.g., square waves, which are difficult to supply to capacitive loads such as clocking electrodes, especially at high frequencies. Another class of device which has been experimentally demonstrated at low clocking frequencies (e.g., less than 100 MHz) but which has not shown transfer efficiencies of practical value even at these low clocking frequencies are based on metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) technology wherein a layer of strongly piezoelectric material is applied over a layer of native oxide to a semiconductor material such as silicon. These devices operate by first establishing a channel region at the semiconductor-oxide interface by means of an electrical bias which gives rise to an inversion layer (e.g., a two-dimensional minority carrier sheet) which is then subsequently bunched and synchronously transported by a SAW (or other acoustic wave) launched from a SAW transducer which is in proximity to the piezoelectric layer. Such devices have consistently had serious problems in practice including high surface state densities at the semiconductor-oxide interface, giving rise to charge trapping effects and poor charge transfer efficiency even at low clocking frequencies, high acoustic propagation losses (limiting practical channel lengths and hence storage times), incompatibility with Schottky electrode sensing techniques for non-destructive charge sensing, substantial dark currents due to the high electrical fields necessary to provide inversion layers and poor input-output isolation due to the necessary presence of a conductive layer immediately beneath the charge-carrying inversion layer (inversion layers can only be formed by biasing a conductive layer). A particular problem has been that most dielectric films provide high acoustic propagation losses. For these and other reasons related to device processing problems, acoustically clocked MIS structures have never proven practical as charge transfer devices. Examples of concepts for such devices are briefly mentioned in passing in Boyle et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,858,232, issued Dec. 31, 1974 and in more detail in Mikoshiba et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,799,244, issued Jan. 17, 1989. Experimental performance of such devices is discussed in Tsubouchi et al., "Charge Transfer by Surface Acoustic Waves on Monolithic MIS Structure", 1978 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, pp. 20 through 24 while theoretical predictions of performance absent charge trapping are presented in "Modelling of Charge Transfer by Surface Acoustic Waves in a Monolithic Metal/ZnO/SiO2/Si System" by F. Augustine et al., IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, ED-29, No. 12, Dec. 1982, pp. 1876 through 1883. In "Fabrication-Related Effects in Metal--ZnO--SiO2--Si Structures", Cornell et al., Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 31, No. 9, 1 Nov. 1977, pp. 560 through 562, provides conclusive experimental evidence that the sputtering process used to deposit ZnO causes surface state problems which severely limit the performance of acoustically clocked devices using such structures. The above-noted patents and articles are hereby incorporated by reference. The very weak piezoelectricity of GaAs (k.sup.2 =7.4.times.10.sup.-4 for the Rayleigh mode on 100!-cut, <110>-propagating GaAs) dictates that the great majority of energy in the SAW is manifested as mechanical energy and only a small portion of the total energy is manifested through the electrical potential which accompanies the SAW. It is this electrical component of total SAW energy which bunches charge carriers forming distinct packets and transporting these packets, representing the input signal, through the HACT device. Accordingly, present day ACT and HACT devices require large (about one Watt) acoustic power levels in order to realize the voltage required (about one Volt) to effect coherent charge packet transport within the HACT channel, synchronous with the SAW clock signal. What is needed is a device architecture providing high charge transfer efficiency, long charge storage times, good frequency response, low clocking signal power requirements and low dark current. Therefore, it is an advantage of the present invention to provide an HACT device which includes a greatly reduced acoustic power requirement for achieving coherent, synchronous charge transport.Cormac Kinney Cormac Kinney is an entrepreneur and software designer. Inventor of Heatmaps, institutional trading systems, a publisher social network, and a diamond commodity. His innovations have been cited in nearly 4,000 US Patents. Background Kinney grew up in University City, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. Graduated from Carnegie Mellon University's College of Engineering, earning Bachelor of Science degrees in Economics and Industrial Management, and a Master of Science in Industrial Administration and Finance in 5 years, skipping one year of college, but leaving a Software Engineering degree uncompleted. Career and Inventions As a student at Carnegie Mellon, Kinney founded two small software companies in succession, sold to Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co., and H.J. Heinz. Both were related to optimization. Heatmaps, NeoVision In 1993, with Carnegie Mellon Senior Research Scientist, Marc H. Graham, Kinney founded NeoVision Hypersystems, Inc. to develop and market the Heatmaps technology. NeoVision Heatmaps are a real time middleware and computation platform producing animated colored charts. After licensing the technology to trading desks at Merrill Lynch, Citibank, Salomon Brothers and Morgan Stanley, and 9 departments in Deutsche Bank, he raised a total of $8 million from Deutsche Bank, Bear Stearns, Intel Corporation and venture capital investors. With fresh capital, Kinney hired Brian Barefoot, President of PaineWebber International, and formerly global head of sales and trading at Merrill Lynch as CEO, added Deutsche Bank’s Global COO to NeoVision’s board, and continued to expand the rollout of Heatmaps to many large buy and sell side financial institutions, including Bank of America, PaineWebber, Bear Stearns, Merrill Lynch, Smith Barney and 13 other brokerages, JPMorgan Chase, Fidelity and the DTC, for monitoring up to $1.7 trillion in daily transactions. Subsequent to NeoVision, Barefoot became President of Babson College for seven years. Significant distribution licenses were made with Bloomberg L.P., Dow Jones Telerate, Thomson, and Reuters to license Heatmaps to over 300,000 desktops. The Nasdaq was the first to license a web version, webHeatmaps, which was on the front page of www.nasdaq.com from 2001 through 2013. In 2002, he designed a trade cost analysis system for Fidelity Investments - cited by The Wall Street Journal as "a sophisticated tracking system to see which brokers can execute trades most efficiently," which was credited, in part, with reducing the mutual-fund firm's trading costs by hundreds of millions of dollars per year, to half the industry average. This system, Brokermaps, was later installed at Bank of America Investment Management, Invesco, Janus, Merrill Lynch Investment Management and Putnam Investments. As of 2019, since 1993, Heatmaps have been cited in over 4,000 patents granted by the US PTO, and in dozens of peer reviewed research papers. After a planned $30 million IPO fell through due to the dot com crash, NeoVision was acquired in 2003 by financial software conglomerate SS&C Technologies. Today the NeoVision technologies are incorporated into several SS&C products. Quantitative Hedge Fund After the sale of NeoVision, in 2005 Kinney shifted his focus to quantitative trading, developing

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TV station which is said to broadcast hate speech aimed at Shi'ites and Christians inflaming tensions in Najaf with such comments as, "If I have ten nuclear bombs, I would use one against Christians and Jews, and the remaining nie agains Shi'ites." TV notes. Starting with PBS. This week on Bill Moyers Journal (begins airing tonight on most PBS stations, check local listings, and it streams online -- video and audio -- and offers transcripts): Instructed by a dream and organized in prayer, Leymah Gbowee andthousands of everyday women in Liberia - both Christians and Muslimsalike - confronted warlords and a corrupt president to successfullyfight for peace and dignity in their war-torn nation. "I realized thatevery problem we encounter on this journey, I'm going to rise above itand lead these women because they trusted me with their lives and theirfuture," says Gbowee. Journal guest host Lynn Sherr interviews LeymahGbowee and Abigail Disney, who documented their inspiring tale in theaward-winning film PRAY THE DEVIL BACK TO HELL. Lynn Sherr is along-time broadcast journalist who most recently covered events inLiberia for PBS' news program, WORLDFOCUS. According to the Department of Education, the average amount of undergraduate student debt in this country is now more than $22,000. And sudden changes in lenders' terms and rates can quickly turn a personal debt into a financial sinkhole, grounding the dreams of many college graduates even before they've started.This week, NOW follows the story of a single mother in Baltimore trying to dig herself out of more than $70,000 student loan debt. While issues of personal responsibility are debated, there's no question the high price of higher education is creating an ocean of student loan debt for people who can least afford it.How are the 70 million Americans with student debt frustrating America's economic recovery? Washington Week finds Gwen sitting around the table with Barbara Slavin (Washington Times), Karen Tumulty (TIME magazine), David Wessel (Wall St. Journal) and Jeff Zeleny (New York Times). All begin airing tonight (check local listings) on most PBS stations and tonight also finds Bonnie Erbe sitting down with Karen Czarnecki, Irene Natividad and Leslie Sanchez to discuss the week's news on PBS' To The Contrary. Check local listings. And turning to broadcast TV, Sunday CBS' 60 Minutes offers: A Clean Version Of HellExclusive footage from within and a rare interview with its former warden takes viewers inside the secretive "Supermax" federal prison, where the nation's most dangerous and infamous criminals - including terrorists - are held under the strictest rules. Scott Pelley reports. The War Next DoorDrug-cartel fueled violence has turned into a war in Mexico, with thousands of deaths and the government battling well-armed gangs whose military-quality weapons come mostly from U.S. dealers. Anderson Cooper reports. LeBronSteve Kroft profiles the Cleveland Cavalier's superstar, LeBron James, who at only 24, is already among an elite handful of athletes who command tens of millions a year in playing and marketing fees. About Me We do not open attachments. Stop e-mailing them. Threats and abusive e-mail are not covered by any privacy rule. This isn't to the reporters at a certain paper (keep 'em coming, they are funny). This is for the likes of failed comics who think they can threaten via e-mails and then whine, "E-mails are supposed to be private." E-mail threats will be turned over to the FBI and they will be noted here with the names and anything I feel like quoting. This also applies to anyone writing to complain about a friend of mine. That's not why the public account exists.[Effects of transforming growth factor-beta/Smad signaling on the growth and apoptosis of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD]. To study the effects of TGF-beta/Smad signaling on the growth and apoptosis of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD. Biosynthesized short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was transfected into RD cells by cation liposome vector to suppress Smad4 expression. The mRNA and protein expression of Smad4 in RD after shRNA-transfection were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the location of Smad2/3 in RD by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The viability of RD cells was examined by MTT method and (3)H-thymidine incorporation assay. The apoptosis of RD was examined by flow cytometry analysis and fluorescent staining. The expression of mRNA and protein of Smad4 in RD were effectively suppressed by shRNA interference. Such suppression effectively interrupted the endogenous TGF-beta/Smad signaling and consequently blocked the translocation of Smad2/3. The interruption of endogenous TGF-beta/Smad signaling not only inhibited the growth of RD but also induced apoptosis of RD. Exogenous TGF-beta1 inhibited the growth of RD but did not influence the apoptosis of RD. shRNA interference can effectively interrupt the TGF-beta/Smad signaling by suppressing the expression of Smad4. TGF-beta/Smad signaling subtly regulates the growth and apoptosis of RD.Thrall Community Organization Database Telephone: (845)294-6221 Meeting Hours/Places, Other Information:"Agri-Business Child Development (ABCD), founded in 1946, is committed to providing the highest quality early childhood education and social services to farm worker and other eligible families across New York State. As a non-profit provider of high quality culturally and linguistically diverse child development services for infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers, Agri-Business Child Development ensures that each child receives comprehensive educational, health and social services."Get Excited! LeAnn Rimes Is Coming Out With A New Version Of Her Hit Song 'Blue!' It’s been 15 years since LeAnn released our favorite song “Blue,” but now she’s coming out with a new and better version! We can’t wait! OMG BFFs! There’s no reason to be blue anymore! LeAnn Rimes, 28, is coming out with a new and special version of her infamous song “Blue” on her up-and-coming album Ladies and Gentlemen. Are you super stoked? “For all my fans out there, I just wanted to keep you updated on what’s going on,” LeAnn says. “I have been in the studio working on a new bonus track for ‘Ladies and Gentlemen’ and a brand new version of ‘Blue!'” “I have gotten an overwhelming response at my concerts for the brand new live version that we’ve been doing,” LeAnn explains. “A lot of fans have been asking me to re-record ‘Blue.'” “It’s been 15 years since that song has been released,” LeAnn continues. “I thought, that song is pretty much a classic, so why not re-record it at 28 and not 13 and put it on this album.” “The album should be in your hands soon,” LeAnn says. “It’s just not completely done yet, so you’ll have to wait a little bit longer.”Amerila leucoptera Amerila leucoptera is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1901. It is found in Benin, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. References , 1908: Neue Lepidopteren aus Uganda. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1908: 50-62. , 1901: Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History) 3: XII+609 p., pl. 36-54, London. , 1911: Descriptions of new genera and species of Syntomidæ, Arctiadæ, Agaristidæ, and Noctuidæ. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 8: 394-445. , 1997: A revision of the Afrotropical taxa of the genus Amerila Walker (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). Systematic Entomology 22 (1): 1-44. Category:Moths described in 1901 Category:Amerilini Category:Moths of Africa Category:Insects of West Africa&99WTfl -V ' 4 " THE CUTTHROAT VOL. 9 SIMONS UNIVERSITIES ABBALEAN TEXIZ A.PRIL 1 JfRIOE 10c o THE OPEN' MANHOLE. PADGINT CHATS. PROF. -AND HIS WID- DER MAKE MERRY. The light brown curly headed brown By AN OLJE SEWER History in many cases does "not give The writer's name may smell bad and much light on the subjects presented in the following news hints should raise a a truthful honest god fearing way. As eyed sheik 0f the' Sociology department big stink but it is the aim of -this col- in the case of Geprgc Washington and or gome woul(i sav Dr Baker's ririit limn to present tne trutn ana.notmng nmany

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could happen because as the mom was moving things off the high shelf, the young six year old son was in his bedroom moving his fav toys down off of high shelf down to under his bad and table. I loved watching the action as the eight year old looked about and picked her photo up, the three year going to the door and greeting her little playmate from down the street. Then she showed him the way to the safe room as she held his hand. All family members but for the ten month year old, had a part to play. Even me when the mom told me to fill the bottle with warm water. I made sure I had my cell phone and all five kids were inside with their moms as I went to the corner I was told to sit in. The father was the last and he closed the door. During our time, we listened to a news station who did not know they were on the air. They made comments to each other which would had never been sent out.. so darn funny! I know there were some red faces later but they were cool to listen to ... and hear their un edited comments about the weather and sometimes somebody they knew.. Well we were at times laughing and the kids played the computer games and the oldest read a book. After the events of yesterday, I'm giving serious thought to a storm shelter. Since I live in a doublewide, having a safe room isn't an opion since there's nothing solid to bolt it down to. A buried storm shelter is the only real option, one big enough for ten, in case my neighbors, who also live in a doublewide, need some place to go. I'd make sure there was battery-powered LED lights in it, with fresh water, a first aid kit, and a multiband radio with fresh batteries. If I had a half an hour, our filing cabinet and computer would go, with some clothes for everyone, some food and our two cats and the bearded dragon. If it was five minutes, it'd be down to the backup hard drive, the checkbook, the cats, if they could be found, and the dragon. One item, eh?I assume this one item is on top of what you are wearing at the time. I generally wear work trousers with a pencil, some electrician's tape (that's my first aid kit) and an Olfa utility knife in a pocket. iPod (missing just now) is usually in a back pocket.So I guess my one item would be my trousers.Depending on the severity of the warning, and assuming I could grab something else since I was fully clothed I might grab a bottle of booze in worst case.'Course if there were children sheltering with me I would not be smoking but the tobacco would come with me anyway and the lighter or matches can usually be found in one of my vest pockets.Che Guevera said there are really only two items you need to supply for a revolutionary army:1) Tobacco2) Shoe leatherOnce the immediate need for secure shelter is past we come to Shore's question above: Where to go? I guess in that portion I'd grab the chainsaw and try to round up my "Best Beloveds".I experienced on significant earthquake on the second floor of an apartment building. Never even had time to decide which way to run before it was over. Patti I am so impressed. It sounds like my hurricane plan minus the kids. I have a laundry room that serves as our go to place. Each inch has special things to go there. If we get any storm warnings that is where we head, Steve and I, the two kitties and lab Zoe. We don't mess around. A warning is a warning. Glad you guys are all ok. The drill pays off big time. Take care and let's hope this is all of the storms for this spring, but I don't think so. Good idea for a blog. Gets folks thinking about the one thing they can't do without or the one thing that would be most useful. Problem is most of us have a lot of things that we wouldn't want to do without. I learned this after a couple really bad hurricane seasons. We all know to keep some water and food on hand, but what if you had to abandon your home or your home and emergency supplies were destroyed? One thing that folks really hate to lose is photos and videos. If you have a bug out bag ready, or as shore calls it an abandon ship bag, you can copy all your digital files to DVDs or flash drives along with scans of older photos and important documents and stick them in the bag without sacrificing much space. Having such a kit ready to go if needed doesn't make you a doomsday nut, it just means that you realize that there are lots of scenarios, not all far fetched, in which you might need to leave your home and are in a better position to make that call when needed. I'm slowly putting together the land equivalent of an abandon ship bag, that I can just grab as I go out the door. I'd take the bag, and Dixie Rose. Of course, then there's the problem of where to go. There really isn't a good place. I'm on the second floor of an apartment building. The apartment clubhouse is no good - it's all glass. In the end I might be just as well off to stay here and get in the front closet. The construction is poured concrete, and its new enough to have been built to current hurricane standards, so who knows? If I was out and about I'd come home anyway if I could, to get Dixie Rose. I don't even know anyone in Houston with a basement! I'm sure they're around, but I've never come across one. A large pack that has the basics for 3 days or more survival and personal defense including a real good first aid kit, food, and water. There is also a place in it to slide the laptop and a portable hard drive that has all my really important stuff on it. (need the laptop to see what's going on outside) If the phone counts as a second item I'd clip it to the dog's collar and have him carry it. (he's not much into chew toys anyway) I would take my pocketbook (where my cell phone is)and a photo of my sons and grandchildren. I am listening to the news and it is just horrible how many places were hit, the death of at least 31 people, etc. Prayers of thanks for sparing so many, prayers for the dead, prayers for those affected.We are finalizing details for February as fast as we can. We will get the info out as soon as we can. In the meantime, rest assured that our plans are for February 23 (Thursday) to February 26 (Sunday), 2017, and that we are busily making arrangements and setting schedules and other details. We are going to be including many new, exciting elements this year – can’t wait to tell you all about it! As always, thank you so much for supporting and participating in our events! SusanMunza Munza is an afrotropical cicada genus. References Category:Taxa named by William Lucas Distant Category:Cicadidae genera Category:Platypleurini[android-components](../../../index.md) / [mozilla.components.concept.engine.manifest](../../index.md) / [WebAppManifest](../index.md) / [DisplayMode](index.md) / [STANDALONE](./-s-t-a-n-d-a-l-o-n-e.md) # STANDALONE `STANDALONE` [(source)](https://github.com/mozilla-mobile/android-components/blob/master/components/concept/engine/src/main/java/mozilla/components/concept/engine/manifest/WebAppManifest.kt#L80) The application will look and feel like a standalone application. This can include the application having a different window, its own icon in the application launcher, etc. In this mode, the user agent will exclude UI elements for controlling navigation, but can include other UI elements such as a status bar. This is just so totally cool. Thank you so much mysterious apron exchanger! I do a lot of cooking. Not necessarily because I enjoy it, but it saves me a ton of money to cook all my meals. My days start pretty early and I am prone to burning myself with popping bacon grease when I make my breakfast. It's a combination of being too tired to care and not wearing a shirt because it's five in the morning. I told my gifter that I need armor to protect me from the bacon grease. Well, how cool is this? I now have a suit of armor to protect me. Even better, it's authentic, straight from London, England! Thanks so much for the apron. I'm going to where it every time I cook. And not just because it's my only apron. It's super awesome.New avian suspension cell lines provide production of influenza virus and MVA in serum-free media: studies on growth, metabolism and virus propagation. Few suspension cells can be used for vaccine manufacturing today as they either do not meet requirements from health regulatory authorities or do not produce high virus titres. Two new avian designer cell lines (AGE1.CR and AGE1.CR.pIX) that have been adapted to grow in suspension in serum-free medium were evaluated for their potential as host cells for influenza and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA, wild type

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valier went back into the room and began packing his things. He looked at the medication left by the doctor, noting he had five more doses of morphine and syringes to administer it. She had also left hand-written instructions on how to care for each of Emily's injuries. *** As soon as it was dark, Chevalier loaded his things into the back of a modified black Bugatti Veyron and lowered the passenger seat as far back as it would go. He went inside and checked to make sure he'd left nothing, then watched Emily for a moment before he gently pulled her arm out from under the covers. He couldn't have her waking up during the long trip to Colorado. He was afraid the car's movement would cause her pain. After cleaning a small area of her upper arm with alcohol, he pulled the cap off the needle and carefully injected one full dose of morphine. He put the cap back on the needle, deciding to dispose of it outside where no one would find it. A small trickle of blood escaped the puncture wound. Chevalier breathed deeply, and the pleasing aroma made his throat burn. He touched one finger to the drop of blood and brought it hungrily to his mouth. Once he regained complete control, he reached down tenderly and picked Emily up, gathering the blankets around her. He normally refused to use his full speed when in a public place, but he couldn't risk her being spotted. It was only a fraction of a second before he was setting her down gently in the car. The morphine was working. She didn't even move as he buckled her in and deftly slipped into the driver's seat. He let the car idle for a few minutes while he did the math. It was around 830 miles to the small town closest to his home in Colorado, and with heku modifications, his car could sustain 250 mph. That seemed dangerously fast to anyone else, but with the fast reflexes inherent to heku, it was perfectly safe. Accounting for weather and other obstacles, he figured he could be in the snowcat in just under four hours. Once he loaded up the snowcat with supplies, it was another two hours to get to his house. That last dose of morphine should keep Emily comfortable and unaware for the entire ride. She stirred only once during the trip, when the soft drizzle that started around midnight turned into a violent hailstorm. It was in Buford, Colorado, where he stopped to grab supplies. The tiny town nestled deep in the Rocky Mountains consisted of one small store and a cabin. He paid a local teenager to go into the store with a list of supplies while he waited with Emily. The boy glanced at the sleeping girl once, but Chevalier brought his finger to his lips, indicating that she was sleeping. After leaving Buford, it was only a few miles to the turnoff. The tiny dirt road was partially hidden by thick evergreens and large aspen trees. From here, it was slow going. The road was neglected, and its winding path was riddled with local wildlife. Slowly, the terrain turned from dark green to white as the year-round snow began. Up ahead, he caught sight of the curved outline of the private garage. He went through two locked gates before drawing up to it and opening the large door, then he pulled the Bugatti inside and shut the door behind him. The snowcat was already partially stocked with supplies and extra fuel. Speed wasn't a problem here. No one was around the area for miles. He quickly passed the supplies from the car into the snowcat and made a provisional bed out of the backseat. Emily gasped slightly when Chevalier picked her up, but she settled down comfortably onto the bed. It was still dark, which was how he preferred to travel. The lights from the snowcat lit up the stark white snow as he moved slowly out into it. He drove the snowcat a lot slower than he preferred, trying not to jostle Emily around and cause her to wake up. The two-hour trek up the mountain went smoothly, and the time allowed him to consider all of the options for teaching Emily about her ability. The trick was how to teach her without her turning it on him. He suddenly worried what would happen to her if he was turned to ash, leaving her alone in the treacherous high country. It wasn't until he was almost to the house when he saw it. It was securely hidden by dense trees and overgrowth. The windows were black and lifeless as he pulled the snowcat into the garage and shut the door behind him, surrounding them in complete darkness. He stepped out into the garage. Its stinging cold didn't bother him, but he shut the door quickly to keep Emily out of it. The wall panel lit up when he touched it, bringing the generators to life, fully charged by the solar panels. He adjusted the temperature in the house up to 75 degrees, and with a short code, the fireplaces all came alive, blazing with warmth. He went back to the snowcat and picked Emily up, holding his breath. She was starting to stir a bit. Chevalier entered the spacious house and headed for the nearest bedroom on the second floor, where the bed was very near the fireplace. Laying her down gently, he covered her with a heavy down quilt, then went to work getting the supplies out of the snowcat and putting them away in the house. *** A snowstorm raged outside of the sizable house, and the wind howled through the White River National Forest as Chevalier sat in an ancient rocking chair and watched Emily sleep. He suspected that it wouldn't be long until she woke fully. She'd opened her eyes several times, but they were unfocused and soon closed again. His plans were made, well laid out for his protection, but he hoped they would produce fast results. The never ending faction war wouldn't wait for him. With a groan, Emily sat up in the unfamiliar room. Her hand suddenly grasped her side as the broken ribs screamed at the movement. Chevalier was sitting by her side in an instant, slowly lowering her back onto the bed. "It's okay, Emily. Lay down," he assured her, gently positioning her so her head was propped up a bit, making it easier to look around. "Where am I?" she asked, her eyes taking in the large bedroom. "You're safe. You are in my home." He stayed on the bed and kept a hand firmly on her shoulder, so she wouldn't hurt herself trying to get up. Her piercing green eyes looked deep into his and narrowed slightly. "How long have I been here?" "Four days. What's the last thing you remember?" He was hoping it would save some time if she remembered some of the night they left the ranch. She thought for a moment, and a sudden realization showed on her face. She nodded. "I was on Coal, and I was looking for you." He smiled. "You found me." She frowned as the memories came back to her. "He fell. Coal did... I... I don't remember anything after that." "Coal fell on you. That's why you are in pain. You have a broken collarbone, several broken ribs, and a concussion." "How is Coal?" she asked suddenly, worry showing in her eyes. Lying always came easily for him, but he didn't want to lie to her. "He wasn't hurt in the fall. He stood right back up, and then I brought you here." "Where is here?" "That's something I will tell you later. For now, you only need to know you're safe. I won't let anything happen to you." She cocked her head slightly to the side and listened. "We're alone?" Chevalier simply nodded. She studied his face. "Am I a hostage?" "No," he said, and smiled broadly. "You may leave when you want to and are well enough to travel." "Does Keith know where I am?" "No" "Does anyone?" He sighed. "No." "I have to get back. I have to watch after the ranch and..." She paused, her mind taking it all in. "Keith is going to kill me." Chevalier shook his head. "You can't travel yet. Besides, there's a severe snowstorm out there. We won't be going anywhere. You must be hungry." Emily nodded. "I'll get you something. Behave and stay in bed." He stood up carefully and was out of the room before she could even see him move. As soon as he was gone, Emily braced her ribs with her hand and swung her legs out of bed. She was tangled briefly in a long white nightgown, but she was able to free her feet after some effort. She wondered how she had gotten into the gown and where it had come from. It was long sleeved and billowy, similar to one she'd seen in a museum. Once she was sure she was steady, she stood up, gasping softly as her ribs protested against the movement. Her left arm seemed weak, and when she moved it, a sharp pain raced down her shoulder. She braced herself against the headboard as her head swam dangerously close to unconsciousness, and black started to encroach on her vision. After a few moments, it cleared, and she took a cautious step away from the bed. With

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ved cone indicates the presence of edge effects and is not drawn as the evidence for conclusions. (C) Phases of LAB and ILI time series (solid lines, colors as in Fig 2A) and their phase difference (black dashed lines).](pone.0169199.g002){#pone.0169199.g002} Age-specific epidemic waves of influenza in Beijing {#sec009} --------------------------------------------------- In [Fig 3A](#pone.0169199.g003){ref-type="fig"}, we found that influenza virus activity was synchronized across age groups throughout the whole study period. The figure showed that consistent peak patterns were observed for the epidemic peak times of ILI among the three groups, especially for three obvious peaks in years 2013--2015. The composite epidemic pattern was also remarkably similar in the waves for the age groups 0--5, 5--15, and 25--60. One noticeable distinction between the curves of ages 0--5 and 5--15 and that of ages 25--60 during the pandemic in 2009--2011 was that the peak in the 5--15-year-old age group appeared much sharper than that of the adults of aged 25--60, and the influenza pandemic patterns appeared highly heterogeneous at each age scale. This phenomenon only appeared during the pandemic, but not in any other peak of the year, such as those in 2011 and 2013--2015. To compare the timing across various age groups, we calculated their phase angle difference for the annual cycle that was consistently observed throughout the study in [Fig 3B](#pone.0169199.g003){ref-type="fig"}. The 25--60 age group was found to follow the 0--5 group, with an average delay of 4.1 weeks, ranging from the delay of 2.0 to 6.4 weeks, and to follow the 5--15 group, with an average delay of 1.1 weeks, ranging from 1.0 week ahead to 3.9 weeks' delay. ![Association between weekly percentage of ILI consultations in the Age 0--5, 5--15 and Age 25--60 groups.\ (A) Age-specific normalized weekly ILI time series for Ages 0--5 (red), Ages 5--15 (green), and Ages 25--60 (black); (B) Phase differences between Ages 0--5 and Ages 25--60 (red dashed lines) and between Ages 5--15 and Ages 25--60 (green dashed lines).](pone.0169199.g003){#pone.0169199.g003} Discussion {#sec010} ========== Influenza epidemics in temperate latitudes are usually characterized by the dominance of influenza B or one of two subtypes of influenza A, A/H3N2 or A/H1N1. Goldstein et al. \[[@pone.0169199.ref026]\] found that the epidemic sizes of influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and B infections varied from year to year in temperate regions and discovered that type A was the most virulent of the three types of influenza virus and was associated with seasonal epidemics in temperate regions. Rambaut et al. \[[@pone.0169199.ref027]\] confirmed that the epidemiological data on influenza A demonstrated an inconsistent seasonal pattern of influenza virus infection across years, with high activity during the winter. As shown in [Fig 1A](#pone.0169199.g001){ref-type="fig"}, the shape of the epidemic curve in Beijing was irregular when compared to the typical epidemic curve described by epidemic models, which raised unique challenges. Unlike in most temperate regions \[[@pone.0169199.ref028], [@pone.0169199.ref029]\] the influenza circulation in Beijing presented a less well-defined seasonality when compared with developed countries. One possible reason for this finding is that our study started around the period of the influenza pandemic when the appearance of H1N1pdm09 interrupted the regular variations of influenza A and this might have lasted for several years. The laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza B, however, turned out to be seasonal in the post-pandemic period, possibly because they were less influenced by the pandemic. Annual cycles were observed in both the laboratory-confirmed influenza and ILI activity data, and both disease indicators were highly synchronous for most of the study period. Peak timing provides a complementary measure of synchrony between influenza surveillance systems. Yang et al. \[[@pone.0169199.ref030]\] mentioned that although the weekly percentage of laboratory-confirmed influenza specimens appeared to be temporally representative of the level of influenza activity at the community level, this was not the case during the 2009 pandemic, when laboratory practices varied in response to the public health needs. During the pandemic period, clinical and laboratory testing procedures varied in response to public health and clinical needs and laboratory capacity, and thus the detection rates were not constant over this period. We showed that the percentages of ILI consultations were in synchrony with laboratory surveillance findings in the period of the pandemic and therefore can be adopted as a reliable indicator of influenza epidemics during special periods. In our study, during both the pandemic period and peak timing from 2008--2015, laboratory surveillance and clinical surveillance data showed high retrospective correlation in capturing season-to-season epidemic timing and magnitude. However, we noticed that from 2008 to early 2011, these data sources were not exactly synchronous, and thus significant phase differences were captured by wavelet analysis. Yang et al. \[[@pone.0169199.ref030]\] stated that other common respiratory viruses had no obvious epidemic peaks and were delayed during the pandemic of A/H1N1 2009 pandemic. Additionally, competition and interference between influenza A viruses and other respiratory viruses existed. Therefore, we suspected that other viruses were active during the period, which could lead to clinical surveillance being less specific to influenza. Although laboratory data are considered to be more rigorous and accurate than clinical data, the surveillance system was constructed only since 2007 in China \[[@pone.0169199.ref005]\] and therefore limits the length of time series we can obtain so far. Further research is required to determine which time series can be trusted to demonstrate and predict influenza activity in Beijing. Past work suggested there was essentially no lead between reference laboratory surveillance system and ILI cases in Hong Kong in 2009 \[[@pone.0169199.ref006]\]. Other published studies have indicated that ILI surveillance was usually 2--3 weeks ahead of laboratory surveillance in public health practices \[[@pone.0169199.ref002], [@pone.0169199.ref031]\]. Our findings regarding surveillance data in Beijing are consistent with these studies, and thus support that clinical ILI consultation rates could be a reliable and timely indicator of changes in influenza virus activities in Beijing, a city with temperate climate. The detection of the coherence between the confirmed influenza cases and ILI can be applied to other temperate regions to provide insights into the seasonality of influenza viruses in temperate regions. Meanwhile, laboratory confirmation will likely play an increasingly important role in the development of better methods of early detection and summary measures of influenza activity in key times. Our study provides certain evidence of the seasonality and periodicity of both surveillance and clinical data, such as the local features of a single time series and the local coherence between two time series. In practice, when ILI is consistently detected ahead of laboratory-confirmed cases, it can bring up an early warning for influenza epidemic, for susceptive populations to improve their self-protection, and for the government to allocate medical resources timely. These results will need to be verified by future research with access to greater number of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases. It is hoped that the size of laboratory samples can be increased to provide better evidence to facilitate the surveillance of both clinical and laboratory samples, both of which can be of great use in public influenza activity prediction. When divided by age groups, clinically-diagnosed ILI indicators accurately capture weekly fluctuations in influenza activity during inter-pandemic and pandemic seasons and can be utilized to assess the effects of age on trends in epidemic activity. Using wavelet coherence analysis to compare these time series, we did not observe large differences in susceptibility from season to season. In the pandemic of 2009, the peak of the ILI wave for age 5--15 was extremely high for two possible reasons. The weak immune system of teenagers may not have been able to resist the substantial threats presented by new viruses. Additionally, schoolchildren had few ways to avoid cross-infections because classes were suspended for only a short period of time. The main limitation of the approach we used to study influenza epidemics is that we need to be cautious when interpreting distinctions because it is hard to determine whether it was the epidemic activities among school children that drove the pandemic after 2009 or whether the pandemic itself acted as a major destructive effect on school children in the following two years. Slight but consistent age-specific differences became apparent after identifying phase difference. We found that the peaks of influenza-like illness in the time series of groups aged 0--5 and 5--15 consistently appeared ahead of those of adults, implying the possibility that schoolchildren may lead epidemic fluctuations of clinical ILI consultations. Further research is needed to confirm this subtle difference. Beyond the analysis presented here, it is plausible that a thorough understanding of age-specific driving forces of seasonal epidemics will require additional long-term data from other temperate regions. Supporting Information {#sec011} ====================== ###### Weekly data of Xicheng District, Beijing, China, 2008--2015. (XLS) ###### Click here for additional data file. [^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. [^2]: **Conceptualization:** ZW XS XW XZ.**Data curation:** ZW XS XZ.**Formal analysis:** XZ XW GQ.**Funding acquisition:** X

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the Chiefs or Steelers would serve as an appropriate representative from which the Vikings could garner vindication for all four past Super Bowl losses. The France worldwide, who was targeted by the Gunners on transfer deadline day last summer, was expected to leave the Ligue 1 side at the end of the season. The last of these bids came on the final day of the transfer window, when Arsenal had agreed a deal to send soon-to-be out of contract attacker Alexis Sanchez to Manchester City. The two players have some history between them, going back to 2015 when in a match against Stan Wawrinka, Kyrgios told the Swiss star that fellow Australian Thanasi Kokkinakis had slept with his girlfriend. "From then on, I felt pretty in control of the match". So, I feel pretty good. It was a professional curiosity. 'The more the load, the more movement given, the better it gets, ' he said. The loss of Evans from the sinking ship this month would only serve to emphasis the belief that West Brom are heading to the foot of the seabed fast. The player also brings years of experience in the Premier League , and is adept at playing in a back-three as well as a traditional back-four. Conte also spoke of Barkley's versatility, but insisted it was important the player understands his role tactically before he is selected in Chelsea's first team. But it's a very exciting signing and for the money, it has to be a bargain. Langley cautioned that Barkley will need game time to get up to speed, potentially in the Under-23s, but he is excited about what the 24-year-old can bring to the party at Chelsea . It took an all-time great quarterback in Florida's Tim Tebow having an all-time great fourth quarter to beat Alabama in the 2008 SEC Championship Game. The Dawgs have the firepower with one of the nation's most dynamic two-pronged rushing attacks that consists of Nick Chubb and Sony Michel. Quavo then got back to business and made yet another in-person appearance at Georgia's Rose Bowl game against Oklahoma in California. Tagovailoa has already impressed this season, completing 35 of 53 passes for 470 yards, eight touchdowns and one interception. The play came after a insane sequence where Alabama's kicker Andy Pappanastos missed a 36-yard field goal at the end of regulation that would've given Alabama the win. Meanwhile over in Kansas City , Missouri, if you're a Chiefs ' fan and looking for some good news, this is about the best we can do: Saturday's 22-21 playoff loss to the Titans wasn't the worst in the Andy Reid era, CBSSports.com writes . He last coached with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 2002 to 2008. Penn is so sure that Gruden is going to turn around an Oakland squad that finished with a disappointing 6-10 record this season that he guaranteed he'd be preparing for a Divisional Round playoff game at this time next year. Britain's Andy Murray has had hip surgery in Australia and is hoping to return to competitive tennis for this year's grass court season. The Brit hopes to return to tennis in time for the grass-court season but will definitely be playing it safe by seeing how he feels before he returns. Most of the complaints are from people who said they bought an item from the Big Baller website in November and December, and that they were charged for their orders even though that item or items have failed to show up. "I have been waiting 6 weeks now, and when I asked why it was taking so long, I was called a 'small baller.' At this point I believe they have chose to steal my money". But sources said Wani was active during the recent student elections at the university. "The university will conduct surprise checks in hostels at night to ensure that no external elements, including expelled students, are taking shelter", said Khan. The 2014 first-round National Football League draft pick only made eight career starts for the Cleveland Browns , producing a 74.4 quarterback rating and a 2-6 record. Former Texas A&M star QB Johnny Manziel teased a comeback on his Instagram page late Saturday night, and now it appears he's taking steps toward returning to a football field. And then he would demand a trade to the Lakers, which as we are seeing now is quite possibly the worst possible thing that could have happened for him, his son and the team. LaVar Ball has an explanation for the Lakers' slump. Ball put up a solid stat line against the Hawks, with 13 points, ten rebounds and six assists. Manchester City and Arsenal are negotiating the transfer of Alexis Sanchez , Goal can confirm. According to Evening Standard , Gunners boss Arsene Wenger could sanction the sale of Sanchez during the transfer window with the Chilean seemingly reluctant to pen term over a proposed extension beyond the summer. But the Panthers' announced Newton instead was tested for a concussion in the blue sideline tent, cleared and permitted to return to the game. - after missing only one play. But he's made a special exception this year for Kalil; he also thanked the veteran tackle for allowing him to get a sack in the first meeting against the Panthers.Air Force FST saves service members’ lives Staff Sgt. Stephenie Wade Master Sgt. Ovendalin Brown, 56th Medical Support Squadron medical technician, sets up X-ray equipment in the emergency room Aug. 25 on Forward Operating Base Ghazni. When Brown is not in the ER treating patients, he is in charge of the 24-Airman team. FORWARD OPERATING BASE GHAZNI, Afghanistan — The phone rings and a medic answers. It’s a service member ready to give a nine-line report. There’s been a rocket attack resulting in several injuries. The medics quickly prepare for the incoming patients. All over Afghanistan, service members are deployed to forward operating bases as they continue their mission to train and assist Afghan forces. Currently, a team of 24 Airmen with a range of medical specialties are deployed to FOB Ghazni as the only Air Force Forward Surgical Team in Afghanistan. On FOB Ghazni, there are two medical facilities to treat trauma patients, the Polish field hospital and an Air Force FST. Both hospitals provide care 24/7 to U.S. service members and coalition forces. The Polish hospital is a fully equipped hospital and can keep patients overnight if need be, while the FST is a role two facility specializing in stabilizing patients in order to facilitate their travel to a higher level of care. “We are not the only ones on the FOB so we have made relationships with other service members on the base,” said Maj. Jared Mort, FST chief nurse deployed from Keesler Air Force Base, Miss. “For example, recently there was a mass casualty event on base. We sent out a call for help and within in seconds people were coming out to lend a hand. Rarely do we get trauma patients in the middle of the night, but we have to be ready to provide care to our troops at all times.” Mort is in charge of managing the nursing services to include making schedules, ensuring equipment works and everyone is in the right place at the right time to provide the best care they can. The Ghazni FST is comprised of anesthesiologists, general surgeons, an orthopedic surgeon, nurses and medical technicians. The most common cases seen at the FST are penetrating trauma injuries from gunshots, wounds from improvised explosive devices and injuries from vehicular accidents. “I also manage the trauma triage process,” said Mort, a native of Beavercreek, Ohio. “We are the first medical care a trauma patient will receive. We have the capability to provide life-saving treatments such as general/orthopedic trauma surgery, treating chest or abdominal wounds and vascular injuries. When there are a large amount of patients, the team wants to make sure they are treating the most severe patients first, then the walking and talking.” The triage process here consists of doing an initial assessment and treatment prior to patients entering the emergency room. After the patients are brought into the four-bed ER, medics either treat and stabilize or prepare the patient for surgery in the operating room. Once stabilized the team’s job is to maintain treatment until the patient is transported to Bagram or Kabul for a higher level of care. The Ghazni FST is not designed or equipped to treat patients over a long period of time. The team also alternates days with the Polish hospital to treat the local Afghans including the Afghan National Police, Afghan National Army and occasionally the local population. “We get a call from the Ghazni hospital to treat patients if the off-base hospital does not have the capability to,” said Master Sgt. Ovendalin Brown, 56th Medical Support Squadron deployed as a FST medical technician. Following the call, the transport team, comprised of a doctor, four technicians and an interpreter, will go to the gate in a field transport ambulance to pick up the patient. “At the gate, the provider will assess and triage the patient,” said Ovendalin, a native of San Jose, Calif. “Pending the patient’s situation and doctor’s recommendation, the patient will be transported to the FST for care.” Staff Sgt. Adriana Almeida, a scrub technician deployed Eglin Air Force Base, Fla., is one of the first responders to gate calls. “We will have three people

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Also, I’ve included both a color version and a black and white version to meet all your printing needs. Great way to help students keep track of characters and to provide them with definitions of new words as they read! CHECK OUT THE PREVIEW FILE AND RECEIVE A FREE EDITION OF BOOKMARKS PLUS! Middle school editions of BOOKMARKS PLUS: * Across Five Aprils * Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl * Anne Frank Remembered * As I Lay Dying * The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman * Bearstone * The Black Pearl * The Boy in the Striped Pajamas * Chasing Vermeer * Divergent * Dragonwings * Ender’s Game * Farewell to Manzanar * The Giver * The Glory Field * Good Masters! Sweet Ladies! * Heroes * The Hunger Games * Johnny Tremain * Kira, Kira * The Light in the Forest * The Lightning Thief * My Brother Sam Is Dead * My Side of the Mountain * Nothing But the Truth * Out of My Mind * The Outsiders—FREE! * The Pearl * The Pigman * Riding Freedom * Romeo and Juliet * The Slave Dancer * Stargirl * The Summer of the Swans * Tears of a Tiger * That Was Then, This Is Now * There’s a Girl in My Hammerlock * Touching Spirit Bear * The Witch of Blackbird Pond * Walk Two Moons * Wonder Don't see a bookmark for your favorite title? Contact me through TPT, and I’ll create one for you. I am always open to creating new titles! Also, please note that if you alert me of a mistake on one of my products, you’ll receive another product for the same title for free. Check out my 100s of fun and challenging products based on most-taught literature at my store! While you’re there, take a look at my new line of products, LOOKING GOOD ON PAPER—great writing lessons geared toward middle school and high school and based on my years in the “trenches!” Many of the skills my LGOP products focus on are barely touched upon in writing textbooks but are so important to good writing. For this item, the cost for one user (you) is $1.75. If you plan to share this product with other teachers in your school, please add the number of additional users licenses that you need to purchase. Each additional license costs only $0.88.Q: Tap button to copy text? How do I implement my app to copy a certain set of text for Windows Phone 8 when I tap a button? E.g. tap this button to copy a sms template Something like that I want to copy text from the app itself A: Check this tutorial about copying text to Windows Phone 8 clipboard Extras from it - assuming selectedText is text to copy: DataPackage d = new DataPackage(); d.SetText(selectedText); Clipboard.SetContent(d); Payback (2012 film) Payback is a 2012 documentary film from Jennifer Baichwal based on Margaret Atwood's Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth, which investigates the concept of debt in societies across the world (and not only on a monetary level). As a Canadian, Baichwal was quite familiar with Atwood's reputation: A number of prominent intellectuals provide commentary, including economist and writer Raj Patel, ecologist William E. Rees, historian of religions Karen Armstrong, and former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour. The film is produced by Ravida Din for the National Film Board of Canada. It premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. Payback is distributed by Zeitgeist Films, which also distributed Baichwal's previous works Act of God and Manufactured Landscapes. The film is being distributed in Canada by Mongrel Media, beginning March 2012. See also Margaret Atwood: Once in August, a 1984 National Film Board documentary about Atwood. References External links Q&A with Baichwal in Salt Lake Tribune Scott, A. O., "Why the World’s Debt Is About More Than Money", New York Times review. "[T]ries to show how debt extends far beyond the domain of money", per Times. Category:2012 films Category:Documentary films about economics Category:2010s documentary films Category:Canadian films Category:Canadian documentary films Category:National Film Board of Canada documentaries Category:Films based on works by Margaret Atwood Category:Works about debt Category:Films directed by Jennifer Baichwal Category:Massey LecturesIntroduction {#Sec1} ============ Malaria is a fatal disease responsible for \~ 429,000 deaths globally in 2015^[@CR1]^. Clinical symptoms are manifested during the erythrocytic stages that have been studied extensively to understand host immune responses and molecular mechanisms of the disease. As a result of factors that are difficult to control in clinical settings, such as variation in host and parasite genetic backgrounds, mixed-strain infections, co-infection with other pathogens, and the timing of infection, a number of mouse malaria models have been developed for studying host responses and for testing candidate antimalarial drugs and vaccines. The use of inbred mice and cloned malaria parasites enables control of host and parasite genetic backgrounds, and infections of mice can be performed in a controlled environment, although the results obtained from studies of rodent malaria parasites need to be verified by data from human malaria infections. The genetic backgrounds of both host and parasite can greatly influence malaria disease severity. A broad spectrum of host responses, including different parasite growth patterns and host mortality, was detected when 25 inbred mouse strains were infected with *Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi* AS parasite^[@CR2]^. On the other hand, infections with different parasite strains, including those with almost identical genomes (isogenic), often lead to different disease phenotypes. For example, BALB/c mice infected with the parasite *Plasmodium yoelii yoelii* 17XL (or YM) die within 7 days of infection (p.i.), whereas mice infected with its isogenic strain *P*. *y*. *yoelii* 17XNL recover from infection^[@CR3],\ [@CR4]^. Infection with isogenic parasites *P*. *y*. *nigeriensis* N67 (N67) and *P*. *y*. *nigeriensis* N67C (N67C) also results in differences in parasitemia, tissue pathology, and host mortality^[@CR5]^. C57BL/6 mice infected with N67C die 7 days after inoculation with 1 × 10^6^ infected red blood cells (iRBC), whereas mice infected with N67 survive for more than 15 days with parasitemia declining to below 5--10% on day 7. Similarly, the isogenic parasites *P. berghei* ANKA and *P*. *berghei* NK65 produce different disease phenotypes; *P*. *b*. ANKA infection leads to neurologic symptoms and is considered a model of human cerebral malaria, whereas mice infected with *P*. *b*. NK65 do not have any neurological symptoms^[@CR6],\ [@CR7]^. These studies demonstrate that both host and parasite genetics are important in disease manifestation, and these variations provide important disease models for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying disease phenotypes. Host immune responses are critical for the control of parasite multiplication and disease severity^[@CR8],\ [@CR9]^. Macrophage-mediated killing seems to be important in the early stages of *P*. *yoelii* infection in mice^[@CR10],\ [@CR11]^. At a molecular level, Toll-like receptors, CD36, Nalp3, and other molecules have been shown to have an important function in host innate responses against malaria parasites through the recognition of parasite-specific molecules^[@CR9],\ [@CR12]--[@CR15]^. Type 1 interferon responses mediated by cytosolic sensor MDA-5 have been shown to be activated during *P*. *yoelii* and *P*. *berghei* infections, resulting in the control of parasitemia during early phases of infection^[@CR5],\ [@CR16],\ [@CR17]^. However, high levels of type 1 and 2 interferons may contribute to severe disease and host death, given that *Ifnar1* ^*−/−*^ mice are more resistant to experimental cerebral malaria after *P*. *berghei* ANKA infection^[@CR18]--[@CR20]^. Many other parasite molecules and proteins have been shown to modulate host immune responses through interactions with specific host receptors, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids^[@CR12],\ [@CR21]--[@CR26]^. To investigate the molecular basis of malaria pathogenesis, here we genetically cross two lethal *P*. *yoelii* parasites, N67 that kills the host \~15 days p.i., and YM that kills the host in 7 days, probably due to destruction of RBCs. We obtain 43 independent recombinant progenies (IRPs) after genotyping cloned progeny using microsatellites and a custom-made single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-typing microarray^[@CR27]^. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the progeny genotypes and disease phenotypes links two loci on chromosome 1 (Chr1) and chromosome 7 (Chr7

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19730-DiMatteo1]. The model of the SUB kinase domain resembles a standard kinase structure with the smaller N-terminal and the bigger C-terminal lobes and shows no obvious structural peculiarities ([Figure 1C](#pone-0019730-g001){ref-type="fig"}, [Figure S1](#pone.0019730.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) [@pone.0019730-Huse1], [@pone.0019730-Nolen1]. Identification and analysis of novel *sub* alleles {#s2b} -------------------------------------------------- In previous work we identified five EMS-induced *sub* alleles (*sub-1* to *sub-5*) in different forward genetic screens using L*er* as a background [@pone.0019730-Chevalier1], [@pone.0019730-Schneitz1] ([Figure 2A](#pone-0019730-g002){ref-type="fig"}, [Table 1](#pone-0019730-t001){ref-type="table"}, [Figure S1](#pone.0019730.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). We also scanned public T-DNA collections and identified four insertions in *SUB* in either Col (*sub-6*, *sub-7*, *sub-9*) or Ws-2 (*sub-8*) background ([Figure 2B](#pone-0019730-g002){ref-type="fig"}). One line (*sub-7*) had a complex T-DNA integration pattern and was not analyzed further. To further elucidate structure-function relations of *SUB* additional EMS-induced alleles were identified in the Col *er-105* background using targeted-induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) [@pone.0019730-Till1], in conjunction with the Seattle Arabidopsis TILLING facility (<http://tilling.fhcrc.org/files/Welcome_to_ATP.html>) [@pone.0019730-Till2]. A total of 26 lines with altered nucleotides in the *SUB* locus were identified. Of these 26 mutations 8 were located in introns and 7 were silent mutations (not shown). This left 11 mutations, named *sub-10* to *sub-20*, which resided in exons and were predicted to cause amino acid alterations in the SUB protein ([Figure 2](#pone-0019730-g002){ref-type="fig"}, [Table 1](#pone-0019730-t001){ref-type="table"}, [Figure S1](#pone.0019730.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Interestingly, only three of these alleles resulted in a *sub* phenotype (*sub-10* (C57Y), *sub-15* (P304L), and *sub-19* (S545F)) ([Figure 3](#pone-0019730-g003){ref-type="fig"}). All EMS or T-DNA-induced *sub* alleles showing a mutant phenotype (phenotypic alleles) behaved recessively and segregated in a Mendelian fashion (not shown). ![Molecular nature of mutations affecting SUB and homology models of mutant SUB variants.\ (A,B) Position of different *SUB* alleles. Phenotypic mutations are listed above the protein and depicted in red while aphenotypic mutations are listed below the protein. (A) EMS-induced point mutations. Stars denote premature stops. (B) T-DNA insertions. Dashes denote artificial amino acids (see also [Table 1](#pone-0019730-t001){ref-type="table"}). Length of SUB protein: 768 amino acids. (C--F) Homology models of SUB variants. (C, D) SUB-domain plus leucine-rich repeats. Residues affected by mutation are highlighted. (C) Wild-type. The SUB-domain is indicated by the orange color. The imperfect CxWxGVxC motif is highlighted in red. Individual LRRs are marked by respective colors as in [Figure 1B](#pone-0019730-g001){ref-type="fig"}. (D) Overlay of wild-type and two mutant models. Focus resides on the region encompassing the SUB-domain and the first leucine-rich repeat. (E, F) Kinase domain. (E) Wild-type. Different colors arbitrarily denote distinct secondary structures to aid in visualization. (F) Overlay of wild-type and two mutant models. Focus is on the region encompassing the G-loop and the αC helix. The arrow marks the predicted structural variation in the loop that connects the β3 sheet with the αC helix. (G) Upper panel: position of different natural variation alleles. Lower panel: the T595 and E667 residues affected residues in the STRUBBELIG kinase domain are marked in the kinase domain homology model. The R599 residue mutated in *sub-4* is highlighted for orientation. Different colors arbitrarily denote distinct secondary structures to aid in visualization.](pone.0019730.g002){#pone-0019730-g002} ![Comparative analysis of the *sub-10*, *sub-15* and *sub-19* phenotypes.\ Flower morphology and stem and silique shape. (A) Wild type (L*er*). (B) *sub-1*. (C) *sub-10*. Siliques are a bit shorter compared to *sub-1*. (D) *sub-15*. Stem twisting is not quite as strong as in *sub-1*. (E) *sub-19*. Resembles *sub-1*. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.](pone.0019730.g003){#pone-0019730-g003} 10.1371/journal.pone.0019730.t001 ###### Summary of *sub* alleles. ![](pone.0019730.t001){#pone-0019730-t001-1} Allele Mutagen Mutation[\#](#nt103){ref-type="table-fn"} AA change Background ------------------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ -------------- *sub-1* [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS G\>A, 999 S121[\--\*](#nt105){ref-type="table-fn"} L*er* *sub-2* [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS G\>A, 2157 W337[\*](#nt104){ref-type="table-fn"} L*er* *sub-3* [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS G\>A, 567 V64M L*er* *sub-4* [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 3127 R599C L*er* *sub-5* [§](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 2008 Q288[\*](#nt104){ref-type="table-fn"} L*er* *sub-6*, SALK_086357 T-DNA 839/LB (intron 3) M98[\*](#nt104){ref-type="table-fn"} Col *sub-7*, GK-562F05-021689 T-DNA complex insertion N.D. Col *sub-8*, Wisconsin, T28P6.18 T-DNA 3478/LB P664[\--\*](#nt105){ref-type="table-fn"} Ws-2 *sub-9*, GARLIC_1158_D09 T-DNA 1548/LB Q195[\--\*](#nt105){ref-type="table-fn"} Col *sub-10* EMS G\>A, 547 C57Y Col *er-105* *sub-11* [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 583 S69L Col *er-105* *sub-12* [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 1728 S222L Col *er-105* *sub-13* [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 1916 P258L Col *er-105* *sub-14* [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 1960 P272S Col *er-105* *sub-15* EMS C\>T, 2057 P304L Col *er-105* *sub-16* [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS G\>A, 2215 G357S Col *er-105* *sub-17* [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 2639 S466L Col *er-105* *sub-18* [+](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"} EMS C\>T, 2660

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when the laboratory staff discredited their results by describing improper care for the sample. Here, however, the parties do not dispute whether the scientific test was reliableall agree that AIT's test results are scientifically reliable "for the purpose of which it was intended." Appellant's [sic] App. at 456. The dispute, on which conflicting designated evidence was provided, is over what precise purpose AIT tested the materials, and to some extent whether the test results may also be reliable as to other data produced by the test. On one hand, Dr. Evans agreed at a deposition that the Coroner "wanted to know what the concentration of the medication was in the bottle." Id. at 457. Based on this statement and others, Plaintiffs and their experts point to the AIT test results as evidence of super-potency of the Promethazine Syrup Plain, and draw a direct causal link to Alexis's death. On the other *699 hand, Defendants direct us to other parts of Dr. Evans's deposition testimony in which he explains that AIT's tests were not intended to determine the concentration of the medicine. The discussion at oral argument confirmed the lack of designated evidence regarding whether AIT's test results reporting the concentration of the medicinepurpose of the test aside is scientifically reliable. This dispute over the purpose of AIT's testing and the degree to which results may be reliable beyond AIT's original intention is a factual dispute that differs in kind from the dispute in Hagerman. It is properly the role of a fact-finder to determine Dr. Evans's and AIT's intentions and actions. Consequently, because Dr. Evans's deposition testimony does not render the AIT test results inadmissible and does not significantly undercut the reliability or admissibility of other experts relying on the AIT test results, there is ample designated evidence to support Plaintiffs' contention that the Promethazine Syrup Plain caused or was at least a significant contributing factor to Alexis's death. This includes the report of Dr. Hunsaker and opinion of Dr. Blume. Therefore, even if we did not consider the opinions of Drs. Loeb, Kulig, and Nichols, and considered the NMS test results and the opinions of Vickery and Dr. Barbieri as persuasive evidence negating causation, we are left with conflicting evidence and a genuine issue of material fact. Sharply conflicting designated evidence exists as to whether the Promethazine Syrup Plain manufactured by MGP and distributed by CVS contributed to Alexis's death. This case is anything but plain and indisputable, thus, summary judgment is inappropriate. V. Cross-Appeal We next address Defendants' issues on cross-appeal because we reverse the trial court's order granting summary judgment to Defendants. On cross-appeal, Defendants contest the trial court's denial of their motion to exclude the expert opinions of Dr. Kulig and Dr. Nichols because Defendants' challenges were aimed at the weight and not admissibility of the experts' opinions. The following principles guide our review of this issue: The decision to admit or exclude evidence lies within the sound discretion of the trial court. The trial court's determination is afforded great discretion [sic] on appeal. To that end, we will not reverse the trial court's decision absent a showing of manifest abuse of discretion. An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court's decision is against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it. Affidavits in support of or in opposition to a motion for summary judgment are governed by Indiana Trial Rule 56(E), which provides, in relevant part: "Supporting and opposing affidavits shall be made on personal knowledge, shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated therein." The requirements of T.R. 56(E) are mandatory; hence, a court considering a motion for summary judgment should disregard inadmissible information contained in supporting or opposing affidavits. Further, the party offering the affidavit into evidence bears the burden of establishing its admissibility. City of Gary v. McCrady, 851 N.E.2d 359, 363 (Ind.Ct.App.2006) (citations omitted). Defendants argue the opinions by Drs. Kulig and Nichols are inadmissible because they do not agree with each other, and are therefore unreliable. But for the same reason that a disagreement of opinion *700 with Defendants' experts is an improper basis for excluding the opinions of Plaintiffs' experts, a disagreement of opinion (to the extent one exists) among Plaintiffs' experts is an improper basis for excluding the opinion of one or more of them. In Saliba v. State, 475 N.E.2d 1181 (Ind.Ct.App.1985), trans. denied, this court reviewed whether a trial court erred in excluding the criminal defendant's expert opinion regarding an opinion poll he took, after an expert of the State testified to his view of flaws in how the poll was conducted. We noted that expert opinion cannot be excluded for merely technical inadequacies, and concluded that the trial court erred in excluding the defendant's expert. Id. at 1190. Although the experts in Saliba did not testify in support of the same party, so the trial court's error may seem more obvious than here, the following explanation from Saliba in the context of the experts' disagreement as to proper methodology is analogous to the issue here. There are doubtless many formulas and principles which experts use in this field or any other to arrive at their ultimate opinions. The determination of which factors, formulas or calculations are necessary... to form an expert opinion is within the knowledge and judgment of the expert and, again, is a subject which can be approached and examined in the cross-examination or by bringing forward other expert witnesses. Id. at 1189 (quoting Martin v. Roberts, 464 N.E.2d 896 (Ind.1984)) (emphasis original to Saliba) (citation omitted). This court then stated: It is not the trial court's function to dispute the validity of an opinion rendered by a competent and qualified expert. Once the basis for an expert's opinion is established, ... the effect of objections or competing expert testimony is restricted to the weight attributed to the opinion by the fact-finder. Id. The disagreement that Defendants highlight is that Drs. Kulig and Nichols hold different theories on how promethazine caused Alexis's death. This is immaterial at the summary judgment stage, as is Defendants' claim that Drs. Kulig and Nichols "employ backward reasoning" in arriving at the same conclusion. Appellees/Cross-Appellants' Br. at 29. Defendants next contend the opinions of Drs. Kulig and Nichols are unreliable and inadmissible because the data upon which they relythe AIT test resultsare unreliable. However, the AIT test results were only part of the basis for the opinions of Drs. Kulig and Nichols, and even if the AIT test results are inadmissible, experts may base their opinions on inadmissible evidence. See Evid. R. 703. Defendants argue that Plaintiffs' experts "should be precluded from offering any opinions that have AIT's test results as their foundation (or the Autopsy Report as it is based on the AIT test results)[.]" Appellees/Cross Appellants' Br. at 33. Evidence Rule 703 precludes this general exclusion of expert opinions based on arguably inadmissible evidence. Defendants next argue Dr. Kulig is not qualified to testify as an expert that the Promethazine Syrup Plain at issue was super-potent because he appeared relatively unfamiliar with AIT testing procedures. But Dr. Kulig was not called on to critique AIT's testing procedures; his opinion refers to Alexis's cause of death, for which he relied in part on AIT's test results. Dr. Kulig's unfamiliarity with various laboratory testing procedures is irrelevant to his expertise in evaluating test results, and therefore does not render him unqualified *701 to testify as an expert regarding Alexis's cause of death. Defendants then piece together portions of Dr. Kulig's testimony to emphasize the presumptions and estimates in his opinion. Dr. Kulig admitted he made estimates for the purpose of demonstrating in simplified terms his conclusion that Alexis received a super-potent dosage of promethazine. Although his testimony is somewhat confusing, Dr. Kulig appears to contend that AIT's test results of extraordinarily high levels of promethazine are not so unreasonable that they must be dismissed out of hand (a position he presumes Defendants take). He bases this contention on his estimates and calculations that are not intended to determine the specific level of concentration, but to demonstrate that the AIT results are within the realm of the scientifically accurate. So long as the trial court agrees with Dr. Kulig that his assessment is beyond the knowledge of the average lay person, that it will aid the trier of fact in understanding the evidence, and that the scientific principles upon which he bases his estimates and calculations are reliable, then the trial court may allow Dr. Kulig's opinion. See Evid. R. 702. Defendants also challenge Dr. Kulig's calculations that account for post-mortem redistribution, but this argument also focuses on the weight and not admissibility of his opinion. The same goes for Defendants' challenges to Dr. Kulig's opinion as to causation because he did not rule out other possible causes of death. [T]he admissibility of a[n] [expert]'s testimony should not be determined by examining the level of certainty in his opinions since the court would be invading the province of the jury. Rather, the expert's opinion is admissible if a proper foundation establishes the need for expert testimony and the expert's credentials establish an expertise in the area and the methods employed. Once these factors are established, the evidence is admissible and the jury is left to perform its function of assessing the

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to the Central Construction Office on February 12, 1943, confirming, among other things, "two electric lifts for hoisting corpses and one temporary lift for corpses" and a letter from the Central Construction Office to Topf dated August 21, 1942, dealing with the construction of ovens near the "Bathhouses for Special Actions." The Soviet Report did not mention the letter of June 28, 1943. But we know that the Soviet State Extraordinary Commission for the Investigation of Fascist and Nazi Crimes did know about this document: the Moscow copy of this document is accompanied by a Russian translation made by a person identified as "Wolynskaja." This translation is dated April 28, 1945. Why would the Soviets forge a document and then suppress it? The second question is whether the figures are right. In his discussion of this document, Stäglich rejected it out of hand. "The sheer punctiliousness of the accounting—right down to the very last corpse—is suspicious, for cremation is a complicated technical process, involving so many variables that the incineration capacity of a crematorium is not always the same." Be that as it may, the way Bischoff came to his numbers is not difficult to establish. Crematoria 2 and 3 each had 15 muffles, and it is clear that Bischoff established a capacity of 1,440 corpses per day on the assumption that each muffle could reduce 96 corpses per day, or 4 corpses per muffle per hour. Crematoria 4 and 5 each had 8 muffles, and with a capacity of 96 corpses per muffle per day, Bischoff arrived at a figure of 768 corpses per crematorium. The old crematorium had a lower capacity of 57 corpses per muffle per day because the ovens were of an older design and construction. Of course, these numbers are averages and included downtime for cleaning and so on. The question is now if Auschwitz Crematoria 2, 3, 4, and 5 could have incinerated four corpses per muffle per hour. If one followed normal civilian practice, _in which it is absolutely essential to preserve the identity of the remains from the beginning of incineration to the final gathering of the ashes_ , Bischoff's figures would indeed be absurd. It would be impossible to insert a body in the muffle, cremate it, and remove the remaining bones and ashes within fifteen minutes. But the situation changes radically when the identity of the remains ceases to be important. First of all, if the size of the muffle permits, it becomes possible to insert more than one corpse at the same time. Furthermore, it becomes feasible to create something of a continuous process, in which, after initial heating of the incinerators, the burner can be turned off, thus making full use of the phenomenon that at the right temperature the body will combust and consume itself without any further application of an external source of energy. In his testimony, Tauber gave an extensive description of the incineration procedures and implicitly confirmed the validity of Bischoff's figures. According to him, each muffle in Crematorium 1 could incinerate five bodies. "At the time when I was working there, the incineration of such a charge took up to an hour and a half, because they were the bodies of very thin people, real skeletons, which burned very slowly." If we take Tauber's figures, it would take 17 hours to incinerate the 340 corpses mentioned in the letter of June 28, 1943. Tauber provided a very detailed account of the incineration procedure in Crematorium 2. As we have seen in Chapter 3, he discussed how the Sonderkommandos developed a whole science based on the observation that the incineration process for the corpses in the side muffles differed from that of the center muffle. The corpses of " _Müselmanns_ ," or of wasted people with no fat, burned rapidly in the side muffles and slowly in the center one. Conversely, the corpses of people gassed directly on arrival, because they were not wasted, burned better in the center muffle. "As the retort was almost 7' long, 2'8" wide and about 3'4" high, one could normally load it with four or five corpses. But sometimes we charged a greater number of corpses. It was possible to charge up to 8 ' _Müselmanns_.'" During the trial runs of the ovens of Crematorium 2, observers from the Political Section, representatives of the Berlin headquarters, and engineers from Topf timed the process. Each muffle was loaded with three corpses for the occasion. As soon as all the muffles of the five furnaces had been charged, the members of the commission began to observe the operation, watch in hand. They opened the muffle doors, looked at their watches, expressed surprise at the slowness of the cremation process. In view of the fact that the furnaces were not yet hot enough, even though we had been firing them since the morning, and because they were brand new, the incineration of this charge took about 40 minutes. _The ovens of Crematorium 2, shortly before their completion, January 1943. Courtesy Archive Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Oswiecim. (following pages)_ Tauber went on to explain that later on incineration became more efficient, and they could incinerate two loads per hour. In fact, the Sonderkommandos tried to overload the muffles, because this would allow them some free time. According to the regulations, we were supposed to charge the muffles every half hour. Ober Capo August explained to us that, according to the calculations and plans for this crematorium, 5 to 7 minutes was allowed to burn one corpse in a muffle. In principle, he did not let us put more than three corpses in one muffle. Because with that quantity we were obliged to work without interruption, for as soon as the last muffle was charged, the contents of the first had been consumed. In order to be able to take a pause during the work, we would charge 4 or 5 corpses in each muffle. The incineration of such a charge took longer, and after charging the last muffle, we had a few minutes' break until the first one was again available. We took advantage of this free time to wash the floor of the furnace room, as a result of which the air became a little cooler. According to Tauber's testimony, the incinerators of Crematorium 2 should have burned, according to the regulations, (15 × 2 × 3) = 90 bodies per hour. This would mean that the official daily capacity of 1,440 would be reached in 16 hours of operation (90 × 16 = 1,440). Höss confirmed Tauber's account. In 1946, he wrote while in Polish captivity that "the two large crematories were built in the winter of 1942–43 and brought into service in the spring of 1943." Each had five ovens with three doors [retorts] per oven and could cremate about two thousand bodies in less than twenty-four hours. Technical difficulties made it impossible to increase the capacity. Attempts to do this caused severe damage to the installations.... The two smaller crematories [4 and 5] were capable of burning about 1,500 bodies in twenty-four hours, according to the calculations made by the construction company called Topf of Erfurt. A few pages later, in a different context, Höss returned to the issue of the incineration capacity of the crematoria. Depending on the size of the bodies, up to three corpses could be put in through one oven door at the same time. The time required for cremation also depended on the number of bodies in each retort, but on average it took twenty minutes. As previously stated, Crematories 2 and 3 could cremate two thousand bodies in twenty-four hours, but a higher number was not possible without causing damage to the installations. Crematories 4 and 5 should have been able to cremate 1,500 bodies in twenty-four hours, but as far as I know this figure was never reached. A final indication that the testimony of Tauber and Höss may be trusted, and that the Topf ovens had a capacity in the range listed by Bischoff, can be found in the patent application T 58240 Kl. 24 for a "Continuous Operation Corpse Incineration Furnace for Intensive Use," filed by Topf on November 5, 1942. In the first paragraph, the application referred to the situation in the camps in the East. In the gathering camps in the occupied territories in the East with their high mortality rate, as they are affected by the war and its consequences, it has become impossible to bury the great number of deceased inmates. This is the result of both the lack of space and personnel and the immediate and longterm danger to that immediate and farther surroundings that is caused by the burial of the dead who often succumbed to infectious diseases. Therefore there is a need to quickly, safely and hygienically dispose of the constantly great number of corpses. In that process it will, of course, be impossible, to operate according to the legal stipulations that are valid in the territory of the Reich. Thus it will be impossible to reduce to ashes only one corpse at a time, and the process cannot be done without extra heating. Instead it will be necessary to incinerate continuously and simultaneously many corpses, and during the duration of the incineration the flames

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concurred. ...from Tim Duncan, a bunch of timely 3-pointers from JarenJackson and a little of everything from David Robinson were...the next three minutes. ''We've got to take away JarenJackson,'' Knicks coach Jeff Van Gundy said. ''Obviously... ...Richmond held out hope Friday that he could somehow be traded to Miami, while John Wallace rejoined the New York Knicks, JarenJackson re-signed with San Antonio and Lorenzen Wright left everyone wondering what he was thinking. With Seattle, Golden... ...Richmond held out hope Friday that he could somehow be traded to Miami, while John Wallace rejoined the New York Knicks, JarenJackson re-signed with San Antonio and Lorenzen Wright left everyone wondering what he was thinking. With Seattle, Golden... ...the obvious Tim Duncan and David Robinson. Throw in consistent outside shooting from Avery Johnson, Sean Elliott, JarenJackson and Steve Kerr along with the toughness and experience of Mario Elie. Now add some serious togetherness and unselfishness... ...the obvious Tim Duncan and David Robinson. Throw in consistent outside shooting from Avery Johnson, Sean Elliott, JarenJackson and Steve Kerr along with the toughness and experience of Mario Elie. Now add some serious togetherness and unselfishness... ...players under contract through next season, it should be a fairly quiet offseason for the San Antonio Spurs. Photos JarenJackson, Malik Rose and Will Perdue are exceptions. The three reserve players become free agents this summer after each found... ...34 points, while Keith Van Horn added 23. After trailing 106-100 with 1:23 to play following a 3-pointer by JarenJackson, New Jersey closed to 106-104 on consecutive field goals by Marbury and Van Horn, the last with 37.9 seconds... ...today at the Forum. Robinson finished with 10 points on 3-of-6 shooting. Duncan, Robinson, Sean Elliott and JarenJackson combined to make all of San Antonio's 27 free throws on 33 attempts. Beside's Duncan's 19 points at the line...Change is scary. Change can be intimidating. The fear of change, fear of failure, even the fear of the unknown. EVERYONE has trepidation about change. EVERYONE. But when the time comes that you cannot stay in the same situation any longer – it’s time to make your move. If you’re ready to take action and make a career change, here are five (5) resources to help you make the change and transition into your dream career. Work your network – Talk to people who have successfully made a change in their career and learn their personal story of challenges, lessons learned, and the result of their efforts. These success stories can inspire you and pave the way to help you make a quick and easy career change. Professional Organizations – These are organizations like the American Marketing Association, or the Professional Management Institute, or Society of Women Engineers. If you’re thinking about changing job roles, or changing industries, these associations can help you learn more about these industries and careers to help you figure out whether or not that’s really where you want to go.Google “professional organizations” and the name of your city to see a list of industry associations and business organizations and start attending their luncheons and networking events.Also, these organizations offer excellent volunteer opportunities where you can learn a new skill – such as leadership, marketing, sales, event planning, project management and all kinds of others skills. Plus, it’s a great way to network and meet other professionals and executives in that industry who could potentially hire you, or introduce you to others who could potentially hire you. Company Websites – Not all companies will promote their job openings on external job boards, but they will promote them on their own company website!Make a list of companies where you’d like to work, then spend time perusing their website. Read their “career” web page to learn about hot jobs and the skills that are in high demand. Also, read their blog, their press page and investor relations section to learn about their company culture, and to get an idea whether or not you really want to work there. Professional Networking Sites – Add your professional profile to LinkedIn.com (you can look for me and join my network!) I’m not a big fan of MySpace.com or Facebook.com for professional networking. Those sites were created for social networking.Start sending updates to your contacts saying that you’re looking for your next opportunity and ask them for leads. Also ask them for a virtual introduction to others in their network who work in the company or industry where you want to work. A Personal Career Coach – Look for a career coach who offers experience, confidence, and results. This is someone who can partner with you and give you the career strategies, motivation, and a proven roadmap so you can get into your new career quicker and easier. Your Assignment: If You’re Ready for Change – then Take Action! Start mapping out your career change. Take out a pen and piece of paper and write down in big letters, two of the five key strategies mentioned above that you’re going to do! Next, pull out your calendar and schedule them in. The question for most of us isn’t, “When are we going to do them.” Instead, the real question is, “What are we going to GIVE UP in our schedule to MAKE THIS HAPPEN?” Change takes commitment and action. When you’re ready to take action and start stepping into your dream career, remember that you don’t have to do it all by yourself. There are an abundance of resources and support available to help – you just have to make a commitment to start using them! 🙂 About Career Coach Sherri ThomasSherri Thomas is a leading career coach who helps professionals transform and thrive in their career. She is a leading career coach, Huffington Post writer, globe trotting keynote speaker, and the 2013 Best Career Book author of “The Bounce Back – personal stories of bouncing back higher and faster after a layoff, re-org or career setback.” As a sought after media source, she has been featured in top news outlets including NBC-TV Phoenix, the Wall St. Journal, TIME, New York Daily News, Monster.com and many others. She loves traveling around the world and learning about other cultures, thrives in nature, and will always encourage you to go on what she calls a life changing Kenyan safari because the 30-hour flight journey “isn’t that bad.” Dreaming of a new job? Perhaps something more meaningful, fulfilling and with a beefier paycheck? If you said, Yes, then the timing couldn’t be better. The unemployment rate is currently […] Read More »November 25, 2015 10 things To Do in Toronto This Holiday Season Christmas is just 31 days away, and chances are in your neck of the woods, its beginning to flock and feel a lot like Christmas. If you haven't begun to already, its time to start getting in the holiday spirit. One of my favourite things to do during the holiday season is to take in some of the many festivals, events and experiences the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) has to offer. At over 7000 square km and with a population of over 6 million and growing, this list of things to do this holiday season is pretty long. Do you live in the GTA, or perhaps are just passing through for the holidays? While this list is just the tip of the iceberg, I've compiled my top 10 things to do in Toronto this holiday season. 10 Things To Do in Toronto This Holiday Season 1// Stroll through the Toronto Christmas Market Inspired by the European tradition that originated in Germany in the 1400s, the Toronto Christmas Market celebrates all of the sounds, sights and scents of Christmas. Taking place in the Victorian-era, cobblestone-lined Distillery Historic District, this annual festive event brings local craft-makers, carollers, musicians and artisanal food-makers together for a truly magical experience. Sip on mulled wine, European Christmas cocktails and hot chocolate as you peruse the selection of Christmas merchandise including hand-made ornaments, wood carvings, candles and crafts. With 1,722,000 square feet of retail space — that’s nearly 30 football fields — there’s nowhere better to check off wish lists while admiring glittery decorations. The shopping mall is Toronto's top tourist attraction, with around one million visitors per week. The mall contains a wide selection of 330 stores and restaurants. For the most iconic holiday window display in the city, take the subway down to Queen station where the flagship Hudson’s Bay store location rivals Macy’s in New York with functioning train sets, mechanical mice and moving Santas. Mark the official start of the holiday season at the 49th annual Cavalcade of Lights, taking place on November 28. This holiday tradition at Nathan Phillips Square, home of City Hall, features the first illumination of Toronto’s official Christmas Tree, performances by some of Canada’s top musical talent, a spectacular fireworks show and skating parties. While the Cavalcade takes place one night only, the tree remains on display throughout the holiday season. There are several outdoor public skating rinks located around the city. For an iconic urban skating experience, glide around Nathan Phillips Square amidst the tall buildings, the sparkly lights and massive Christmas tree. Skating at the rink continues all season long, and skate rentals are available on-site. For a waterfront experience, make your way down

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score ranges from 0 to 100 and a higher score indicates a poorer prognosis. 2.2. Ethics approval and consent to participate {#sec0004} ----------------------------------------------- The study has been approved by the McGill institutional review board and all participants signed an informed consent form prior to the study. 2.3. Scanning and dosing protocol {#sec0005} --------------------------------- All participants underwent \[^18^F\]THK5351 and \[^18^F\]AZD4694 scans to quantify their baseline tau and amyloid loads respectively. All participants then received a daily oral dose of 1 mg rasagiline for a course of 10 days and their medication adherence was ensured *via* a daily phone call by a study coordinator. A post-challenge \[^18^F\]THK5351 scan was conducted on the last day of the rasagiline dosing regimen. The last dose of 1 mg Rasagiline was given one hour before the second \[^18^F\]THK5351 scan. There was an average of 14 days (SD = 0.54 days) between the baseline and post-rasagiline \[^18^F\]THK5351 scans. All PET scans were performed on a Siemens High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT). The \[^18^F\]THK5351 acquisition consisted of dynamic images acquired from immediately after the intravenous bolus injection to 70 min post-injection. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) injected radioactivity of \[^18^F\]THK5351 was 6.9 ± 0.1 mCi for the baseline scan and 7.0 ± 0.1 mCi for the post-rasagiline scan. \[^18^F\]AZD4694 acquisition consisted of dynamic images (6 × 5 min) acquired at 40--70 min after intravenous bolus injection of \[^18^F\]AZD4694. The mean ± SD injected radioactivity of \[^18^F\]AZD4694 was 6.7 ± 0.1 mCi. A six-minute transmission scan was performed following each PET scan for attenuation correction. Additionally, the images underwent correction for dead time and decay. All PET images were reconstructed using an Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) algorithm ([@bib0002]) which corrected for normalization, attenuation, randoms and scatter. In addition, inter-frame motion was corrected using the first frame as a reference. All patients also underwent a T1-weighted MP-RAGE anatomical MRI scan using a 3.0 T Siemens Sonata scanner for co-registration purposes and to evaluate for typical structural PSP features such as an abnormal midbrain to pons ratio ([@bib0023]). 2.4. Synthesis of \[^18^F\]THK5351 and \[^18^F\]AZD4694 {#sec0006} ------------------------------------------------------- \[^18^F\]THK5351 was synthesized according to the previously published protocol ([@bib0014]). At the time of production, the average molar activity was 1702 ± 777 MBq/μmol for the baseline scan and 3256 ± 1554 MBq/μmol for the post-rasagiline dosing challenge scan. The average injected molar activity was 1135.9 ± 732.6 MBq/μmol for the baseline scan and 1605.8 ± 1454.1 MBq/μmol for the post-rasagiline dosing challenge scan (*P* = 0.49, not significant). The average injected mass dose was 14.94 ng/kg for the baseline scan and 12.62 ng/kg for the post-rasagiline dosing challenge scan (*P* = 0.70, not significant). \[^18^F\]AZD4694 was synthesized using the previously published protocol ([@bib0008]), with an average molar activity of 3071 ± 518 MBq/μmol. 2.5. MRI and PET image processing {#sec0007} --------------------------------- The T1-weighted MR images were processed using the CIVET image processing pipeline ([@bib0001]) and all PET images were processed using an established image processing pipeline previously reported ([@bib0025]; [@bib0036]). Briefly, individual PET and MRI images were co-registered using a rigid-body transformation based on 6 parameters. Then, the images were linearly co-registered and non-linearly spatially normalized to the standardized MNI152 template without modulation using an affine transformation from the PET/T1-MRI transformation and anatomical MRI registration. Due to the presence of MAO-B in the reference region, full quantification of \[^18^F\]THK5351 is not possible, as specific uptake in the reference region (in this case, the cerebellar grey matter) violates an assumption of the Simplified Reference Tissue Method (SRTM) ([@bib0028]). Correspondingly, other reference tissue methods such as SUVR are also inappropriate. As such, we generated regional \[^18^F\]THK5351 standardized uptake values (SUV) as a primary outcome measure. We measured the baseline and post-rasagiline \[^18^F\]THK5351 SUV using tissue radioactivity data obtained 50--70 min after \[^18^F\]THK5351 injection, normalized by patient body weight and injected radioactivity. SUV was measured in the substantia nigra, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, internal globus pallidus, midbrain, dentate nucleus and cerebellar grey matter in PSP and CU participants. These regions were assessed using an atlas created for subjects with movement disorders ([@bib0040]). The ROIs were subsequently applied to the dynamic PET frames to obtain the time--activity curve data. A basal ganglia meta-ROI was used to display time-activity curves, composed of the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, internal & external globus pallidus, caudate and putamen. We then calculated the average percentage reduction of mean regional SUV in the post rasagiline scans. All participant\'s post-rasagiline \[^18^F\]THK5351 SUV images were independently rated by two experts (JPS and PRN) in a blinded fashion as PSP-positive or PSP-negative. Cases were displayed on a system allowing visualization along the 3 standard axes, with the possibility of modifying the intensity settings of the colour scale. Interpretation was based on comparison to locally performed control cases: positive cases were those that, as subjectively assessed by the raters, showing increased and spatially different uptake when compared to controls in a manner consistent with published distributions of PSP pathology ([@bib0039]). The \[^18^F\]AZD4694 SUVR maps were processed using the cerebellar cortex as the reference region and each participant\'s \[^18^F\]AZD4694 SUVR image was independently rated by two experts (JPS and PRN) as amyloid-positive or amyloid-negative. The midbrain to pons ratio was measured using the participant\'s sagittal T1-weighted MP-RAGE MRI image in native space. Based on previous reports, a midbrain to pons ratio of \< 0.52 was considered supportive of a diagnosis of PSP, with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 85.7% ([@bib0023]). Measurement of the midbrain to pons ratio was taken by placing elliptical regions of interest over the pons and midbrain in the midsaggital slice of the MRI in native space. Detailed description of this procedure as well as a visual representation of the methodology can be found in ([@bib0023]). 2.6. Statistical analysis {#sec0008} ------------------------- We performed the statistical analysis using the GraphPad Prism Version 7.0b (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, California, USA; [www.graphpad.com](http://www.graphpad.com){#interref0001}). Paired *t*-test analyses were used to compare the baseline and post-rasagiline regional \[^18^F\]THK5351 SUV. 3. Results {#sec0009} ========== Six participants (4 probable PSP, and 2 CU) were recruited. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of the participants are summarized in [Table 1](#tbl0001){ref-type="table"}.Table 1Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics.Table 1:PT 1PT 2PT 3PT 4PT 5PT 6DIAGNOSISPSPPSPPSPPSPCUCUAGE (YEARS)856587776564GENDERFMMMFMMMSE251922232930PSPRS11214669----MIDBRAIN TO PONS RATIO0.620.490.310.350.660.63[^2] 3.1. *Clinical profiles of the participants* {#sec0010} -------------------------------------------- Patient 1 was an 84 years old right-handed female who presented with progressive memory impairment, frequent falls and swallowing difficulties over four years. At the time of the PET scan, she had slowing of her eye movements, bradykinesia and postural instability. Her gait was slow with a cane and she had decreased spontaneous speech. Her MMSE was 24 and her PSPRS was 11 at the time of PET scanning. Her \[^18^F\]AZD4694 scan was rated as amyloid positive ([Fig. 1](#fig0001){ref-type="fig"}). The patient\'s midbrain to pons ratio was 0.62 ([Fig. 2](#fig0002){ref-type="fig"}).Fig. 1Rasagiline reduces brain \[^18^F\]THK5351 SUVs in progressive

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the unveiling of the iPhone 7/Plus every tech journalist in the world had expressed his opinion on that decision. When Apple finally confirmed that omission, we were already prepared for that. That’s big. The same will happen with the iPhone 8: we already know for sure that it will cost over $1,000, something that would be a bigger deal if it was revealed as a new fact on the launch day. It won’t be a surprise anymore: Apple already knows they can put this price tag to the new iPhones, because we will be prepared for that. From Appleinsider (and others): Kuo goes on to estimate an “iPhone 8” price tag starting at $1,000, reiterating a figure first divulged in a report this month. The price hike is attributed to a 50 to 60 percent bump in production costs compared to the anticipated “iPhone 7s” LCD models. Apple should thank all tech journalists for talking so loud about them. They should thank me, for that matter. So there you have it, Apple: you’re welcome.Public Comment at the MeetingAudiocast (2:36)The Judicial Council welcomes public comment, as it can enhance the council’s understanding of the issues coming before it. To accommodate members of the public, the Judicial Council encourages those who wish to comment at the meeting, on either a specific agenda item or on a more general topic of judicial administration, to provide notice in order to ensure that all requests are acknowledged during the meeting. before the specific agenda item of interest is introduced on either April 24 or 25. All requests will be allocated three minutes. Please note that anyone wishing to speak on a specific agenda topic should arrive at the beginning of the meeting on which the agenda item will be heard, as agenda times are subject to change. The Judicial Council is the policy-making body for the judicial branch. Comments pertaining to a specific court case will not be received. Written CommentsWritten comments pertaining to a matter affecting judicial administration or an item on this agenda may be e-mailed to [email protected], or mailed or delivered to:Judicial Council of California455 Golden Gate AvenueSan Francisco, California 94102-3688Attention: Cliff AlumnoList of rock genres This is a list of rock music genres consisting of subgenres of popular music that have roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, and which developed into a distinct identity as rock music in the 1960s, particularly in the United States and United Kingdom. By the late 1960s, a number of identifiable rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, and jazz-rock fusion, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock influenced by the counter-cultural psychedelic scene. New genres that emerged from this scene included progressive rock, which extended the artistic elements; glam rock, which highlighted showmanship and visual style; and the diverse and enduring major subgenre of heavy metal, which emphasized volume, power, and speed. In the second half of the 1970s, punk rock both intensified and reacted against some of these trends to produce a raw, energetic form of music characterized by overt political and social critiques. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of other subgenres, including new wave, post-punk and eventually the alternative rock movement. From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop, and indie rock. Further fusion subgenres have since emerged as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's history. A Acid rock Afro punk Alternative country Alternative dance Alternative hip hop Alternative metal Alternative rock Americana music Anarcho-punk Anatolian rock Art punk Art rock Avant-garde metal B Baroque pop Baggy Bandana thrash Beach music Beat music Bent edge Big beat Biker metal BisRock Blackgaze Blackened death metal Black metal Blues rock Boogie rock Brazilian thrash metal British folk rock Britpop Britpop Revival C Canterbury sound Cello rock and cello metal Celtic punk Celtic metal Celtic rock Chicano rock Christian alternative rock Christian hardcore Christian metal Christian punk Christian rock Cock rock Coldwave College rock Comedy rock Country rock Cowpunk Crossover thrash Crunkcore Crust punk D Dance-punk Dance-rock Dark cabaret Darkwave D-beat Death 'n' roll Deathcore Death-doom Deathgrind Death metal Deathrock Digital hardcore Djent Doom metal Dream pop Drone metal Dunedin sound E Electroclash Electropunk Electronicore Electronic rock Emo Emo pop Emo revival Ethereal wave Experimental rock Extreme metal F Flamenco rock Folk metal Folk punk Folk rock Funk metal Funk rock G Garage punk Garage rock Geek rock Glam metal Glam punk Glam rock Goregrind Gothabilly Gothic metal Gothic rock Grebo Grindcore Grindie Groove metal Group Sounds Grunge Gypsy punk H Hard rock Hardcore punk Heartland rock Heavy hardcore Heavy metal Horror punk I Indie folk Indie pop Indie rock Indietronica Indorock Industrial metal Industrial rock Instrumental rock Italian occult psychedelia J Jazz rock Jangle pop Jersey Shore sound K Krautrock Kawaii metal L Latin alternative Latin metal Latin rock M Madchester Manila Sound Mathcore Math rock Medieval folk rock Medieval metal Melodic death metal Melodic hardcore Melodic metalcore Metalcore Mod revival N Nardcore Neue Deutsche Härte Neue Deutsche Todeskunst Neue Deutsche Welle Neoclassical dark wave Neoclassical metal Neon pop Neo-progressive rock Neo-psychedelia New rave New wave New wave of new wave New Weird America Nintendocore Noise pop Noise rock No wave Nu gaze Nu metal Nu metalcore O Occult rock Oi! Ostrock Outlaw Country P Pagan metal Pagan rock Paisley Underground Peace punk Pinoy rock Pirate metal Pop punk Pop rock Pornogrind Post-britpop Post-grunge Post-hardcore Post-metal Post-punk Post-punk revival Post-rock Power pop Power metal Powerviolence Progressive metal Progressive metalcore Progressive rock Protopunk Psychedelic funk Psychedelic pop Psychedelic rock Psychobilly Pub rock (Australia) Pub rock (United Kingdom) Punk blues Punk jazz Punk rap Punk pathetique Punk rock Q Queercore R Raga rock Rapcore Rap metal Rap rock Reggae rock Red dirt Riot grrrl Rock Against Communism Rock and roll Rockabilly Rock in Opposition Roots rock S Sadcore Samba rock Screamo Shoegazing Shock rock Ska punk Skate punk Slowcore Sludge metal Soft rock Southern rock Space rock Speed metal Straight edge Stoner rock Street punk Sufi rock Sunshine pop Surf music Swamp pop Swedish death metal Symphonic black metal Symphonic metal Synthpop T Taqwacore Technical death metal Thrashcore Thrash metal Trall punk Trap metal Trønder rock Tropical rock Tulsa Sound 2 Tone U Unblack metal V Viking metal Viking rock Visual kei W Wagnerian rock Wizard rock Y Yacht rock Youth crew Z Zeuhl See also Electronics in rock music Heavy metal genres Rock festival List of popular music genres List of subcultures References rock musicQ: StackPrinter: The Stack Exchange Printer Suite UPDATE: Version 1.1 - MySE section, PrettyPrint, StackPrinter API Screenshots: App Homepage Printable view Logo: http://www.stackprinter.com StackPrinter is a website that pulls the main details of a given question, all its answers, comments and votes formatting them in a simple essential printable view. I've created this micro web application basically to add a "Printer-Friendly" feature to the Stack Exchange Network sites, trying to remove some @Media Print CSS limitations like hidden comments, pagination and empty spaces. (rationale here) Other features: Addons: Greasemonkey script - Adds a

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pays to woman. And this is natural for those who worship the Great Mother, whose representative (Vigraha) all earthly women are. Striyo devah striyah pranah. "Womenare Devas; women are life itself,"as an old Hymn in theSarvollasa has it. It is because Woman is a Vigraha of the Amba Devi,herlikeness in flesh and blood, that the Shakta Tantras enjoin the honor and worship of women and girls (Kumaris), and forbid all harm to them such as the Sati rite, enjoining that not even a female animal is to be sacrificed. With the same solicitude for women, the Mahanirvana prescribes that even if a man speaks rudely (Durvacyam kathayan) to his wife, he must fast for a whole day, and enjoins the education of daughters before their marriage. The Moslem Authorof the Dabistan (ii. 154. Ed. 1843) says"The Agama favors both sexes equally. Men and women equally compose mankind. This sect hold women in great esteem and call them Shaktis and to ill-treat a Shakti, that is, a woman, is a crime". The Shakta Tantras again allow of women being Guru, or Spiritual Director, a reverence which the West has not (with rare exceptions) yet given them. Initiation by a Mother bears eightfold fruit.Indeed,to the enlightened Shakta the whole universe is Stri or Shakti."Aham stri"as the Advabhavano Upanishad says. A high worship therefore which can be offered to the Mother to-day consists in getting rid of abuses which have neither the authority of ancient Shastra, nor of modern social science and to honor, cherish, educate and advance women (Shakti). Striyo devah striyah pranah. Gautamiya Tantra says Sarvavarnadhikarashca narinam yogya eva ca; that is, the Tantra Shastra is for all castes and for women; and the Mahanirvana says that the low Kaula who refuses to initiate a Candala or Yavana or a woman out of disrespect goes the downward path. No one is excluded from anything except on the grounds of a real and not artificial or imagined incompetency. An American Orientalist critic, in speaking of"the worthlessness of Tantric philosophy", said that it was "Religious Feminism run mad," adding"What is all this but the feminisation of orthodox Vedanta? It is a doctrine for suffragette Monists: the dogma unsupported by any evidence that the female principle antedates and includes the male principle, and that this female principle is supreme Divinity."The"worthlessness"of the Tantrik philosophy is a personal opinion on which nothing need be said, the more particularly that Orientalists who, with insufficient knowledge, have already committed themselves to this view are not likely to easily abandon it. The present criticism, however, in disclosing the grounds on which it is based, has shown that they are without worth. Were it not for such ignorant notions, it would be unnecessary to say that the Shakta Sadhaka does not believe that there is a Woman Suffragette or otherwise, in the sky, surrounded by the members of some celestial feminist association who rules the male members of the universe. As the Yamala says for the benefit of the ignorant "neyam yoshit na ca puman na shando na jadah smritah". That is, God is neither female, male, hermaphrodite nor unconscious thing. Nor is his doctrine concerned with the theories of the American Professor Lester Ward and others as to the alleged pre-eminence of the female principle. We are not here dealing with questions of science or sociology. It is a common fault of western criticism that it gives material interpretations of Indian Scriptures and so misunderstands it. The Shakta doctrine is concerned with those Spiritual Principles which exist before, and are the origin of, both men and women. Whether, in the appearance of the animal species, the female"antedates"the male is a question with which it is not concerned. Nor does it say that the"female principle"is the supreme Divinity. Shiva the"male"is co-equal with Shivé the"female,"for both are one and the same. An Orientalist might have remembered that in the Samkhya, Prakriti is spoken of as"female,"and Purusha as"male". And in Vedanta, Maya andDevi are of the feminine gender. Shakti is not a male nor a female"person,"nor a male nor a female"principle,"in the sense in which sociology, which is concerned with gross matter, uses those terms. Shakti is symbolically"female"because it is the productive principle. Shiva in so far as He represents the Cit or consciousness aspect, is actionless (Nishkriya), though the two are inseparably associated even in creation. The Supreme is the attributeless (Nirguna) Shiva, or the neuter Brahman which is neither"male"nor"female". With such mistaken general views of the doctrine, it was not likely that itssubtleraspects by way of relation to Shamkara's Mayavada, or the Samkya Darshana should be appreciated. The doctrine of Shakti has no more to do with"Feminism"than it has to do with"old age pensions"or any other sociological movement of the day. This is a good instance of those apparently"smart"and cocksure judgments which Orientalists and others pass on things Indian. The errors would be less ridiculous if they were on occasions more modest as regards their claims to know and understand. What is still more important, they would not probably in such cases give unnecessary ground for offense. The characteristic features of Shakta-dharma are thus its Monism; its concept of the Motherhood of God; its un-sectarian spirit and provisions for Shudras and women, to the latter of whom it renders high honor, recognizing that they may be even Gurus; and lastly its Sadhana skillfully designed to realize its teachings. As I have pointed out on many an occasion this question of Sadhana is of the highest importance, and has been in recent times much overlooked. It is that which more than anything else gives value to the Agama or Tantra Shastra. Mere talk about religion is only an intellectual exercise. Of what use are grand phrases about Atma on the lips of those who hate and injure one another and will not help the poor. Religion is kindness. Religion again is a practical activity. Mind and body must be trained. There is a spiritual as well as a mental and physical gymnastic. According to Shakta doctrine each man and woman contains within himself and herself a vast latent magazine of Power or Shakti, a term which comes from the root"Shak"to be able, to have force to do, to act. They are each Shakti and nothing but Shakti, for the Svarupa of Shakti, that is, Shakti as it is in itself is Consciousness, and mind and body are Shakti. The problem then is how to raise and vivify Shakti. This is the work of Sadhana in the Religion of Power. The Agama is a practical philosophy, and as the Bengali friend and collaborator of mine, Professor Pramathanatha Mukhyopadhyaya, whom I cite again, has well put it, what the intellectual world wants to-day is the sort of philosophy which not merely argues but experiments. This is Kriya. The form which Sadhana takes necessarily varies according to faith, temperament and capacity. Thus, amongst Christians, the Catholic Church, like Hinduism, has a full and potent Sadhana in its sacraments (Samskara), temple (Church), private worship (Puja, Upasana) with Upacara"bell, light and incense"(Ghanta, Dipa, Dhupa), Images or Pratima (hence it has been calledidolatrous), devotional rites such as Novenas and the like (Vrata), the threefold"Angelus"at morn, noon and evening (Samdhya), rosary (Japa), the wearing of Kavacas (Scapulars, Medals, Agnus Dei), pilgrimage (Tirtha), fasting, abstinence and mortification (Tapas), monastic renunciation (Samnyasa), meditation (Dhyana), ending in the union of mystical theology (Samadhi) and so forth. There are other smaller details such for instance as Shanti-abhisheka (Asperges) into which I need not enter here. I may, however, mention the Spiritual Director who occupies the place of the Guru; the worship (Hyperdulia) of the Virgin-Mother which made Svami Vivekananda call the Italian Catholics, Shaktas; and the use of wine (Madya) and bread (corresponding to Mudra) in the Eucharist or Communion Service. Whilst, however, the Blessed Virgin evokes devotion as warm as that which is here paid to Devi, she is not Devi for she is not God but a creature selected as the vehicle of His incarnation (Avatara). In

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purchase decisions. Moment is a cloud-based classroom management tool that helps kindergartens, summer camps and schools with parent communication and registrations. Administrators can use its online signup feature for discounts, invoicing, installments, refunds and financial reporting. Read more about Moment Top Hat is an online teaching platform designed to help professors & educators engage students and build comprehension before, during & after class. The software offers solutions for delivering interactive courses, customizing digital textbooks, assigning homework, and securely administering tests. Read more about Top Hat Instructure is a technology company committed to improving education. We provide instructors and students with modern tools and resources that empower and simplify the learning experience. Instructure offers Canvas—the open, easy-to-use, cloud-native learning management system—as well as Canvas Network, an index of open, online courses by... Join over 33 million teachers and students safely connecting in online classrooms, collaborating on assignments, discovering new resources, and more! Edmodo helps connect all learners with the people and resources needed to reach their full potential. KidReports is a digital classroom management and parent engagement platform that sends real-time photos, videos, notifications, and daily reports to parents throughout the day. It comes with a set of tools that allows child care providers to increase enrollment, save time, and work seamlessly. ASAP is full-featured and affordable software for online registration and management, popular with schools, universities, communities, and more. Choose your own set of features, reporting tools and level of customization with no long-term contracts. Trust the company that has been in the industry for 30 years. Simplify how you learn at work. Travitor is the learning management platform teams use to onboard new hires, close more deals, provide great service, learn new skills, make meetings productive, measure results, and more. Start Your Free Trial Options for sorting the directory Sponsored Vendors bid for placement within our listings. This option sorts the directory by those bids, highest to lowest. Vendors who bid for placement can be identified by the blue “Visit Website” button on their listing. Avg. Customer Review Sorts listings by overall star rating, based on user reviews, highest to lowest. Number of reviews Sorts listings by number of user reviews, highest to lowest. Local Sorts listings by language, local language first. Vendors bid for placement within our listings. This option sorts the directory by those bids, highest to lowest. Vendors who bid for placement can be identified by the blue “Visit Website” button on their listing. GetApp® is a registered trademark of Nubera eBusiness S.L. Nubera eBusiness uses its own cookies and third-party cookies. By using the website you are accepting the use of these cookies. To get more information about our cookies click here.A Cell-Surface-Specific Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Extracellular pH Sensing with Solid-State Fluorophore. Extracellular acidity is correlated with the development of various pathological states and bulk pH measurements could not report surface acidity. In this study, we have developed a ratiometric fluorescent probe that aggregates upon interaction with cells, allowing persistent labeling of cells and in situ measurement of cell surface pH. The ternary nanoplatform is constructed by a convenient noncovalent combination of bovine serum albumin protected gold nanoclusters (BSA-AuNCs), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled cationic peptides (CPs), and FITC-free CPs. The red fluorescent AuNCs serve as reference fluorophore, while FITC labeled peptides act as specific recognition element for H+ and FITC unlabeled peptides are used for delivery. The probe displays a sensitive fluorescence ratiometric response for pH in the range of 5.0-9.5 with calculated p Ka of 7.2. Further studies have demonstrated that this nanosensor also has properties of high selectivity, reversibility to pH fluctuations, as well as low cytotoxicity. The new surface pH-measurement tool was validated in mapping extracellular pH and monitoring acidification regarding cell metabolism, demonstrating its potential for bioimaging and biosensing.Q: Different ways to say “are you ready?” The only option that comes to my mind is Bist du bereit?, which is the literal translation. Are there other commony used ways to express a similar meaning? I ask this because I’m following a software course in German. It’s step by step and every now and then the professor says something like: Habs’ du das? Kann ich weitergehen? He definitely wants to check if we are all following and understanding the steps, but I don't know how to translate the sentence. I’m not even sure if I got it right. I thought that it may be a shorter Hast du es verstanden?. It is a regional idiom, his own personal habit or something common? A: There are lots of ways to translate that, especially because it differs in dialects. First of all, I think your professor rather said Hast du das? / Habt ihr das? what most possibly means “Did you get it?”, or “Did you write that down?” (Technically, “Hast du das?” is only “Did you”, it’s an incomplete question.) Kann ich weitergehen? might be some personal habit, weitermachen would fit better than weitergehen. Other ways of asking “are you ready?”: Seid ihr so weit? Seid ihr fertig? / Fertig? (Are you finished?) Habt ihrs? (not official language, short form of “Habt ihr das?”) Können wir? (Can we?, meaning “Can we go on/start/leave/etc.”) A: I would like to add some less used as they are more related and used to ask if people have understood! Alles klar? (Everything is fine?) “Alles klar so weit?”, or very short “klar so weit?” (Everything is fine for now? meaning “until now you don’t have any problems following me?”) Maybe a bit more in use should be this one: Können wir weitermachen? (can we go ahead?) But some teachers would also ask if there are still some open Questions like: Habt ihr noch Fragen? Ist irgendetwas noch unklar? Gibt es noch Fragen? Noch Fragen? "It can be used to supplement and you're still introducing all the infection-fighting and immune-boosting properties that breast milk is known for. You can't manufacture that or make it available in formula."Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Check the label for directions before use. Measure it with a measuring cup and take it by mouth. Shake well before use. Nimtop 50mg Suspension is to be taken with food. Nimtop 50mg Suspension is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking the release of certain chemical messengers that cause fever, pain and inflammation (redness and swelling). Nimtop is not an antibiotic, it belongs to the class of medicines known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs; pain-relieving drug) which helps in relieving pain associated with various disease conditions. Q. Can I take Nimtop with paracetamol? Nimtop and paracetamol belong to the same class of medicines known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; pain-relieving drugs). Taking the two medicines together is not advisable as it may increase the potential for gastric ulceration and bleeding. However, please consult your doctor before using the two medicines together. Q. Does Nimtop contain aspirin? Nimtop is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs; pain-relieving drug). It does not contain aspirin. Q. Is Nimtop safe? Nimtop is safe to use if taken at prescribed dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Q. Can I take Nimtop for headache? Nimtop can be taken for a headache only when advised by your doctor. Q. Does Nimtop make you drowsy (feeling sleepy)? Nimtop does not make you feel drowsy at prescribed doses. However, an overdose of Nimtop can make you drowsy (feeling sleepy). Q. Does Nimtop contain sulphur? No, Nimtop does not contain sulphur. Q. What does Nimtop treat or used for? Nimtop is used to treat acute pain, painful osteoarthritis (degeneration of joints) and primary dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) in adolescents and adults above 12 years old. Q. Can I take Nimtop with ibuprofen? Nimtop can be taken with ibuprofen. No drug-drug interactions have been reported between the two. However, taking the two medicines together is not advisable as it may increase the potential for gastric ulceration and bleeding.

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between the Naïve, Tone Alone, Immediate Shock, and Paired groups (p\>0.05; not shown). These results suggest that auditory fear conditioning, but not presentation of tone or shock alone, regulates pre- and postsynaptic changes at LA synapses. We next examined whether these training-induced alterations in pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins at LA synapses are long-lasting. Separate groups of rats were exposed to either no stimulation ("Naïve") or tone-shock pairings ("Paired"), and then sacrificed at either 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning ([Figure 2a](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). Western blotting on tissue taken from the LA was performed to assay training-induced expression of GluR1, synapsin, and synaptophysin in the LA at each of the different time points. In separate groups of rats, we examined memory retention at 24 hrs, 7 days, or 1 month following auditory fear conditioning ([Figure 2a](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). ![Auditory fear conditioning results in long-lasting auditory fear memory retention and persistent regulation of the expression of pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins in the LA.\ (*A*) Schematic of the behavioral protocol. Separate groups of rats were trained with three tone-shock pairings, then either tested for retention of auditory fear conditioning or sacrificed at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning. (*B*) Mean (± SEM) freezing scores for pre-CS and CS periods assessed at 24 hours (*n* = 6), 7 days (*n* = 6), or 1 month (*n* = 5) following conditioning. (\*) *p*\<0.05 relative to pre-CS freezing levels. (*C*) Mean (±SEM) GluR1 immunoreactivity from LA punches taken from Naïve (24 hours, *n* = 8; 7 days, *n* = 7; 1 month, *n* = 8) or Paired (24 hours, *n* = 9; 7 days, *n* = 7; 1 month, *n* = 8) groups. (\*) *p*\<0.05 relative to Naïve rats. (*D*) Mean (±SEM) Synapsin (bottom band) immunoreactivity from LA punches taken from Naïve (24 hours, *n* = 8; 7 days, *n* = 7; 1 month, *n* = 8) or Paired (24 hours, *n* = 9; 7 days, *n* = 7; 1 month, *n* = 8) groups. (*E*) Mean (±SEM) Synapsin (top band) immunoreactivity from LA punches taken from Naïve (24 hours, *n* = 8; 7 days, *n* = 7; 1 month, *n* = 8) or Paired (24 hours, *n* = 9; 7 days, *n* = 7; 1 month, *n* = 8) groups. (\*) *p*\<0.05 relative to Naïve rats. (*F*) Mean (±SEM) percent Synaptophysin immunoreactivity from LA punches taken from Naïve (24 hours, *n* = 8; 7 days, *n* = 7; 1 month, *n* = 8) or Paired (24 hours, *n* = 9; 7 days, *n* = 7; 1 month, *n* = 8) groups. (\*) *p*\<0.05 relative to Naïve rats. In each experiment, protein levels for GluR1, synapsin, or synaptophysin were normalized to GAPDH levels for each sample and expressed as a percentage of the Naïve group. (*G*) Representative blots for GluR1 in the LA at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning. (*H*) Representative blots for Synapsin (bottom and top bands) in the LA at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning. (*I*) Representative blots for Synaptophysin in the LA at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning.](pone.0011236.g002){#pone-0011236-g002} Rats tested for auditory fear memory 24 hours following conditioning were found to have intact fear memory retention, as revealed by comparison of freezing during the pre-CS period relative to that of the CS period \[t(5) = 10.76; p\<0.001\] ([Fig. 2b](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). Fear memory to the tone was also intact at 7 days \[t(5) = 6.37; p\<0.01\] and 24 days after training \[t(4) = 10.97; p\<0.001\] ([Fig. 2b](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). These results indicate that our conditioning protocol promotes auditory fear memory formation that persists for up to 1 month following training. The findings of our Western blot analyses are presented in [Figure 2 c--f](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}. Relative to naïve controls, fear conditioned rats exhibited significant increases in levels of GluR1 expression in the LA at 24 hours \[t(15) = 3.87, p\<0.01\], 7 days \[t(12) = 2.66, p\<0.05\], and 1 month \[t(14) = 2.45, p\<0.05\] following fear conditioning ([Figure 2c](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}). Similarly, fear conditioned rats exhibited significant long-lasting increases in levels of synapsin ([Figure 2 d--e](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}) and synaptophysin ([Figure 2f](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}) in the LA. Analysis of synapsin revealed a significant increase at 24 hrs \[bottom band: t(15) = 5.50, p\<0.001; top band: t(15) = 5.35, p\<0.001\], 7 days \[bottom band: t(12) = 2.48, p\<0.05; top band: t(12) = 2.55, p\<0.05\], and 1 month \[bottom band: t(14) = 2.25, p\<0.05; top band: t(14) = 3.77, p\<0.01\] following fear conditioning. Analysis of synaptophysin revealed a significant increase at 24 hrs \[t(15) = 3.77, p\<0.01\], 7 days \[t(12) = 2.24, p\<0.05\], and 1 month \[t(14) = 2.63, p\<0.05\] following fear conditioning. Representative Western blots for GluR1, synapsin, and synaptophysin can be viewed in [Figures 2 g--i](#pone-0011236-g002){ref-type="fig"}, respectively. Importantly, levels of the loading control, GAPDH, did not differ between naïve and trained rats at 24 hours, 7 days, or 1 month following conditioning for any of these samples (p\>0.05; not shown), indicating that overall protein levels were not significantly changed in the trained animals relative to naïve controls. Taken together, this series of experiments suggests that auditory fear conditioning regulates the expression of pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins in the LA, and that these changes are long-lasting. Synaptic plasticity and NO-cGMP-PKG signaling regulate training-induced alterations in pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins at LA synapses following fear conditioning {#s2b} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ In our first set of experiments, we showed that pre- and postsynaptically-localized proteins at LA synapses are persistently regulated following auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning. Here, we examined whether NMDAR-driven synaptic plasticity and NO-cGMP-PKG signaling in the LA regulate these pre- and postsynaptic alterations at LA synapses following fear learning. In the first series of experiments, rats were given intra-LA infusion of either vehicle, the NR2B selective antagonist Ifenprodil (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL), the NOS inhibitor 7-Ni (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL), the membrane impermeable NO scavenger c-PTIO (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL), or the MEK inhibitor U0126 (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL). In the second series of experiments, rats were given intra-LA infusion of the PKG inhibitor Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS (1 µg/side; 0.5 µL) or the PKG activator 8-Br-cGMP (10 µg/side; 0.5 µL). The dose of Ifenprodil has previously been shown to significantly impair fear memory acquisition when infused into the LA prior to fear conditioning [@pone.0011236-Rodrigues1]. The doses of c-PTIO, 7-Ni, U0126, and Rp-8-Br

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that are being used to predict feedforward warming from CO2. What type of science is there (and where can I find it) to demonstrate to me why I should believe that a double of CO2 will produce more than a 1 degree C temperature change? What is Eric so certain about? [Response: Many things can affect climate. Let’s take an extreme example – a big asteroid like the one at the end of the Cretaceous. Now there are obviously many unknowns about exactly what happened. But those unknowns don’t impact our understanding of the role of CO2 (or ozone, or volanoes or solar changes, or land use change etc.) one jot. There is no zero sum game that says that the more we understand about driver X, the less we understand about CO2. The CERN experiments were related to aerosol nucleation and do not impact the constraints on climate sensitivity at all (if you disagree, please show me the paper that uses knowledge about aerosol nucleation at the nanometer stage as part of the argument for climate sensitivity). They are different issues. – gavin] Theo Kurtén: September 6th, 2011 at 6:04 AM Richard: CO2 clustering has been speculated to play a role in cloud formation *on Mars*, and hence has been studied quite a bit. As illustrated in the link by Hank Roberts, temperatures anywhere in the Earth’s troposphere are too high for this to occur. Richard bird: September 6th, 2011 at 6:22 AM CM : re your correction on nucleation as distinct from cloud formation: I think looking at the CERN press release you will understand how easy it is to read the simple message “ionisation = more clouds” into it. “unprecedented insight into cloud formation” “cosmic rays enhance the formation rate by up to tenfold or more..”. http://press.web.cern.ch/press/pressreleases/Releases2011/PR15.11E.html Not an excuse, just an observation. Richard bird: September 6th, 2011 at 6:58 AM Hank turner: re Co2 ice , I realise i should have been clearer. By “higher altitude” i meant high in the atmosphere. To be precise, would there be a chance of co2 molecules in the air at high altitudes clumping into crystals, large enough to prompt cloud formation, either at high altitude or as a result of falling to lower altitudes. The obvious gist is that this would have two effects , more cloud, and removal of some of the greenhouse effect. As you can see I tend to look for possible self regulatory mechanisms in the atmosphere and biosphere. The biosphere has evolved for long enough to have perhaps developed mechanisms yet to be discovered. sure it sounds like the Gaia theory, but as a result of natural evolution. don’t ask me to enlarge any more than that please, it’s just a thought not a theory! Richard bird: September 6th, 2011 at 7:11 AM So sorry. I see the post is from Hank Roberts not Turner My slip of the finger. CM: September 6th, 2011 at 8:49 AM Theo #150 (Mars) — Ah, I didn’t think about that. Hank #148 — great links. Thanks. Not only are there no heretical questions, there are none that cannot throw up something new to learn. Richard #151 — The press release was pretty straight, really, but you were probably primed to understand it that way by a decade of solar-GCR-climate hype. All the more reason to read this RealClimate post carefully. September 6th, 2011 at 10:24 AM #152–No, anywhere in the atmosphere where there’s enough water to form clouds is too warm to freeze CO2. And actually, since in the stratosphere the lapse rate turns negative–ie., temps start to increase again as one ascends–I doubt there’s anywhere in the atmosphere where CO2 actually will freeze at all, just off the top of my head. Combination of temps being too high and pressure too low. Jeff S. @ 149, maybe this will help: Richard Bird: September 6th, 2011 at 11:36 AM Theo 150 – I missed your post – Thanks for the reply. You read my question correctly – re Co2 crystal formation in the upper atmosphere. So perhaps it snows CO2 on Mars, a nice image? Presumably over Earth the absolute temperature is not the sole problem, as it will get close to 3-4 degK eventually, but by then if I understand physics correctly the gas pressure is far too low to consider any solidification? If so, pity, it would have been a neat example of natural feedback – another one for the waste bin. CM – I wonder why you call it a decade of hype. Is it not ten years of legitimate scientific enquiry? There must be 99 discarded hypotheses for every successful one. If those researchers attracted to the Svensmark/Shaviv/Kirkby theories (yes I have been primed by the hype!) believed they were onto something useful to advance knowledge, it seems fair to give them benefit of doubt, until observations are checked and the theory either confirmed adequate for purpose or falsified. I can understand people getting a bit too enthusiastic about their ideas, and perhaps overstating their case, but would that be hype? On the other hand, I have only been studting the CLOUD programme and its theoretical basis for a few weeks so perhaps I have missed out on the hype. But I do agree with you that hype is any form is best avoided. (Although it does produce some very entertaining blogs elsewhere!) I must say the CERN CLOUD chamber looks like a superb precision equipment, useable for all kinds of future experiments. I am sure this must have come up before, if so apologies for being boring and feel free to send me off to some other place: If CO2 levels have been constant at 280ppmv until the onset of industrialisation, how does climate science account for the so-called Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age? Is there any evidence of CO2 variation causing those changes (which according to what I have read so far were global, not just local)? If not, how are they explained? Thanks in advance for the very helpful replies. dhogaza: September 6th, 2011 at 12:12 PM Richard Bird: it seems fair to give them benefit of doubt, until observations are checked and the theory either confirmed adequate for purpose or falsified. One problem, of course, is that not only do they propose a totally unknown mechanism for GCRs modulating climate, but they have failed to adequately explain while everything we know about the physics of CO2 and long-wave infrared radiation is wrong … really, you’d be better of learning science from legit sources of science rather than the denialsphere. If CO2 levels have been constant at 280ppmv until the onset of industrialisation, how does climate science account for the so-called Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age? Sounds to me like you’re buying into yet another denialist meme, i.e. climate science insists that only varying CO2 levels can affect climate. Is there any evidence of CO2 variation causing those changes (which according to what I have read so far were global, not just local)? More proof that you’re getting your information from the denialsphere, rather than science. Joe Cushley: September 6th, 2011 at 12:19 PM Re: yes, this is boring, Richard. ‘What you’ve read so far’ is obviously denialist clap-trap. As I said, Start Here button, and come back when you’ve got a grasp of the very basics. September 6th, 2011 at 12:35 PM > Richard bird > By “higher altitude” i meant high in the atmosphere. Read the link I gave you all the way to the bottom; understand how both altitude and “partial pressure” work — your answer is there. September 6th, 2011 at 12:42 PM > http://www.realclimate.org/?comments_popup=8614#comment-213823 Did anyone find the answer to the questions (the inline reply) for Forrest Mims there? I don’t think he’s come back to answer them, and I couldn’t find that he’s published what he posted here. Perhaps he was challenging the readers to take the data source he named and do their own statistics? Bengt A: September 6th, 2011 at 4:38 PM What’s your say on this one? A paper that seems to confirm the findings in Svensmarks paper on Forbush decreases (2009). From the conclusion …The result strongly supports the idea that cosmic rays influence the atmospheric processes and climate…” CM: September 6th, 2011 at 5:22 PM Hank #161, re: the Oulu trend claim and Eric’s inline question at #88 I’ll hazard a guess. His $y$ is the Oulu neutron count rate, the unit of his $x$ is months, and he did an OLS fit to the monthly data. (Doing the same I get $y = 0.3812x + 6032$, pretty close to what he reported, though I’m not sure why

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worked to get hold of himself, recover a sliver of dignity despite his smell and dirty underpants. His captors grunted, forced him deeper into the lapping water. It felt like a thousand tongues. He tried not to look. "You gotta wash, not swim," said the woman on his right. "White man is a big baby when he don't have a gun." Dash wanted to tell them he'd never owned a gun, never even fired one. He had friends who shot deer and even moose up in Maine. But they weren't good friends, just people he knew, really. You might even call them strangers. Sure, there were rusty antique weapons hanging in his father's shop, but Dash only wanted to fish as a kid. He was a boy who set model airplanes on fire, left the real killing to others. He was pushed deeper. "I just wanted to fish." The heat was stirred by a headwind that carried the noise of seagulls and distant waves crashing over a partially exposed reef. The shells underfoot were all razors and broken glass, shredding the pads of his delicate feet and surely tantalizing the deadliest species with fresh blood. The trio splashed into water that surged and pulled, the bottom becoming slick rocks and sea grass that tangled around his ankles. They stopped when he was waist deep, rolling waves pushing at his damaged crotch, extra material an underwater cloud, a blue jellyfish hugging a too pale man. The women loosened their grip, allowed him to take two more steps forward on his own. Dash swayed in the cool water, all the color returning to his world. He dropped open hands to the surface, fingers spread and palms slightly cupped. He turned slowly, creating a light wake behind each hand, careful not to slip on the unstable bottom. His back to the sun, he saw the world come into full focus. Framed by his two escorts—both frowning, middle-aged women with chocolate skin and wild black hair—was a panorama of unimaginable beauty. He stood gaping at a tropical paradise as the woman to his right fumbled a hand into her bra, produced a sliver of soap, and tossed it at him. "Be sure to scrub that calf meat real good." She licked her lips, then turned and trudged back toward dry land. "Yeah, and get both them ears clean," said the other, gripping her own ears and waggling. "They good and chewy." He began to lather his whole body. * * * Dash scanned the heavens beyond the clusters of puffy clouds, numb penis in his right hand, soapy underpants at his knees. He tried recalling a snippet of prayer from one of the half-dozen times his grandmother had bundled him off to church without his father's knowledge, but too many years had passed, and he'd been too young. He'd only hoped for something generic, since no rural Vermonter had risen in church to ask God's help for his sort of ailment. He mostly remembered the shiny pews that made your thigh skin squeal when you slid in shorts and the smell of hair tonic. Even the songs he'd stood up to sing next to his Nanna were long gone. There was nothing in the sky but clouds and the airplane cabin's fading image. An old lady hunched over, hands below the hem of her flowered dress, appalled by what he was doing. He couldn't stop himself any more than she could have stopped praying. They'd faced death via two different paths. He should be grateful his parts were still attached, and that he'd washed up in a paradise inhabited by cranky natives instead of on the shores of hell. Where was the lady? Probably with Cindy at the bottom of the ocean. A girl was sitting in a patch of black sand drawing with a twig when Dash hauled himself out of the water, exhausted from fighting the slight current. Had she been there during his examination? No cuts or scars, and it remained the same pink color. But the entire package was devoid of feeling, tip to testicles. He'd used his middle finger to flick the end, but felt nothing. He'd shaken and tugged, then stopped to catch his breath and fend off panic. He slapped his member against the water, threatened and then pleaded for its forgiveness. The girl's large brown eyes found him, and he was embarrassed about his drooping underwear and what she must have witnessed. "Food's not ready." She tossed the stick and wiped away her artwork. "I came early. Men are drinking clap-clap and are all piss and wind." "My name is Dash. The women said you'd come." "I'm Tiki. You looking for your airplane?" "I don't know what I'm looking for, but it's beautiful here. This is an island?" The girl nodded. "I'm sorry the airplane killed your fish. I was only a passenger." "Not your fault. Manu says the Volcano was angry. She threw a stone and made your airplane fall. There's another." She pointed past him, and he turned to look up at shiny hints of distant metal, long contrails beginning to twist apart at their far ends. He made old man sounds when he dropped onto a mound of hardened lava, knees popping. "Did anyone else survive?" She shook her head. "You're the only one. Fish ate what the Sea God didn't want." "The volcano erupted?" "Just one stone." She used her thumb to indicate the barren mountain rising from the center of the island, a soaring brown monolith producing a ribbon of white smoke. "I've only seen volcanoes on television." She leaned toward him to whisper, "She has a bad temper." "It's incredible," he whispered back. "I guess the smoke means it really is active. That it's alive." She tilted her head at him. "How else would she throw stones?" "Right," he said, reasonably sure the engines had been starved of fuel, or died from a catastrophic failure of a bad wiring job. Or terrorists. "I guess that makes sense." "People who hunted for your airplane pieces said we should move far away. They said the Volcano will kill our village soon. Manu told them people can't hide from a god. God want to eat you, then you will get eaten no matter what island you go to. Manu said those people had nice clothes and fancy boat, but were dumb as shitter bugs." She wrinkled her nose. "Ever see what a shitter bug does?" He shook his head. "Has it been smoking like that for a long time?" Tiki shrugged, got to her feet. A pretty child—maybe ten years old—with wide eyes and smooth skin, she had a mass of thick hair halfway down her back, brushed to a deep shine. She wore the same style underpants as everyone else. She leaned in close again and lowered her voice. "She smokes when she's angry, which is most of the time. Her temper is worse than boy warriors who drink too much clap-clap. Warriors get angry because they have nobody to fight. Maybe it's the same thing for the Volcano God." "The volcano wants to fight?" "She is surrounded by water, has no enemies. Eating people is the only thing left to make her happy." The narrow trail of smoke was an unbroken line connecting the mountain to the horizon. Would it bring rescue? How far did it hold together for people to see? If it really came from the mouth of a god, maybe it traveled all the way to where they'd lifted off, the perfect white smoke mixing with the yellow smog over Los Angeles. The thought made him feel less isolated, if only for a few seconds. "Should be time for food," said the girl. "You look hungry as a volcano." She was looking up at him, smiling with a flawless set of round teeth that he caught himself inspecting for bits of human flesh. * * * The path brought them up a slope toward a thick jungle, where soaring palms with clusters of heavy looking fruit stood sentry. Dash had researched exotic honeymoon spots, read trivia with regard to the number people killed by falling coconuts. One writer compared the fruit to dangling bowling balls, taking many more lives than great white sharks. Tiki plunged them into humid darkness. Vines hung from a low canopy that had been chopped into a tunnel, brown cuttings lining the way. He struggled to keep up, legs and lungs pushed to their new pathetic limits for a man who'd lived his entire life in a mountainous state. Rivers of sweat poured from his body, clumps of tiny bugs riding the rapids. He eyed the girl's bouncing hair as she skipped and did pirouettes, naked back dry and insect free, apparently too young for the bra tops worn by the cranky women. The path leveled and they emerged into a sunny clearing. He bent at the middle, grabbed at his sweaty knees, suddenly sure his heartbeat would never slow. Through his straggly hair, he could see they were at the perimeter of a village composed of dozens of thatched huts. Busy brown people were doing chores in similar Western-style underwear. A boy probably seven or eight ran to Dash, who