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You can never go wrong with shorts that fit just right whatever you're doing. And if the going gets hard, the vibrant prints will give you that little energy boost you've been waiting for. • 82% polyester, 18% spandex • Four-way stretch fabric that stretches and recovers on the cross and lengthwise grains • Made with a smooth and comfortable microfiber yarn • Overlock and coverstitch • Comfortable elastic waistband This product is made especially for you as soon as you place an order, which is why it takes us a bit longer to deliver it to you. Making products on demand instead of in bulk helps reduce overproduction, so thank you for making thoughtful purchasing decisions! WELCOME! Thanks for your interest in supporting our cause by participating in the Blue Chihuahua Treasure Hunt. We look forward to a successful Treasure Hunt – which we define as: (i) the Participants having fun trying to decipher Clues and locate Gru’s Treasure and (ii) financial support of animal rescue organizations in the Treasure Hunt area. Please read these Official Rules carefully so you fully understand who is eligible, how to enter, items needed to participate, prizes, how the Treasure Hunt is played, and the rights and responsibilities of both a Participant and the Sponsor. SPONSOR: The Blue Chihuahua, 7912 36th St., Ada, MI 49301. SPONSOR’S WEBSITE: thebluechihuahua.com TREASURE HUNT DESCRIPTION. The Blue Chihuahua Treasure Hunt (the “Treasure Hunt”) is a contest of skill involving riddles or series of riddles or clues (collectively, the “Clues”) to determine the location of Gru’s Treasure. The winning Participant Treasure Hunts will be held in numerous states within the United States. Each Treasure Hunt is governed by these Official Rules and any other terms and conditions the Sponsor communicates to the Participant prior to or during the Treasure Hunt Period. SKILL, NOT CHANCE. Participant is entering the Treasure Hunt to use their skills and knowledge to solve and decode a Clue in order to locate Gru’s Treasure. The Clue cannot be solved through random guessing or simply searching the internet. Skill is required to decipher the Clue. The meaning of the first Clue with possible follow-up Clues will reveal the location of Gru’s Treasure. WHO IS ELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE? Treasure Hunts are open to legal residents of the United States who are at least eighteen (18) years old as of the entry date (an entrant is referred to as a “Participant” hereinafter). Participants do not have to be a resident of the state in which the Treasure Hunt is being held. Entries for the Treasure Hunt must be received prior to the expiration of the Treasure Hunt’s Entry Period (see Section 7). WHO IS INELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE. The following are ineligible to participate in a Treasure Hunt: Employees of promotional companies, advertising agencies or other entities associated with that particular Treasure Hunt (including employees of their respective affiliates and subsidiaries); All other persons involved in the creation, development, or implementation of that particular Treasure Hunt; and All immediate family or household members of the above. ENTRY PERIOD. The entry deadline for each Treasure Hunt shall be the date specified for the applicable Treasure Hunt (“Entry Deadline”) or upon the time that 1,000 registered Participants have registered for the Treasure Hunt (collectively, the “Entry Period”). Entries will not be accepted after the Entry Deadline or after there are 1,000 registered Participants. TREASURE HUNT PERIOD. Each Treasure Hunt will operate during the period specified for that Treasure Hunt (the “Treasure Hunt Period”). However, if the hidden location (the “Location”) of Gru’s Treasure (“Dog Bone Shaped Dog Tag”) has been discovered, authenticated and verified before the Treasure Hunt Period ends, then the Treasure Hunt Period shall end. HOW TO ENTER. Online Registration. To participate in a Treasure Hunt, individual must be eligible (see Sections 5 and 6) and must complete the Sponsor’s online registration. During registration, each entrant must acknowledge and agree to these Official Rules. Offline registration is not available. Individuals Registration Only. Only one member of your "Pack" needs to register. Price. The entry fee for each Treasure Hunt shall be $50.00 (“Entry Fee”), which must be paid online at the time of registration. **Entry fee may change depending on the size of the prize** Maximum Participants. Each Treasure Hunt is limited to the first 1,000 persons to register. The Sponsor shall notify all registered Participates that the Treasure Hunt has been cancelled. The Sponsor shall issue a refund of the Entry Fee to each Participant, who paid the Entry Fee. No Cancellations or Refunds. Participants may not cancel their Treasure Hunt entry. Thus, there are no refunds. Non-Transferable. A Participant’s registration may not be sold, assigned or transferred to any other person. ITEMS NEEDED TO PARTICIPATE. In order to “play” the Treasure Hunt, Participants will or may need the following: Transportation. The Treasure Hunt may require Participants to travel significant distances around the Treasure Hunt area in their efforts to locate Gru’s Treasure. Thus, it is recommended that Participants have access to an automobile, motorcycle or other vehicle. Telephone with Texting. The Sponsor will communicate with Participants during the Treasure Hunt via texting and email in order to provide additional Clues or notify Participants that Gru’s Treasure has been found. Thus, an electronic device with reliable texting and email access is needed. Internet Access. Participants will likely search the internet in an effort to decipher Clues. Thus, an electronic device with reliable internet access is recommended. HOW THE TREASURE HUNT IS “PLAYED”. Each Treasure Hunt will be “played” as follows: On the first day, the Clues will be given to all Participants via each Participant’s account on the Sponsor’s website. The Clues will consist of: (a) a description of the geographic boundaries within which Gru’s Treasure is hidden; (b) a riddle Clue to reveal where Gru’s Treasure is hidden; and (c) a picture of the spot where Gru’s Treasure is hidden; (d) Clues/Riddle may contain misdirect or red herring. The Participants will then attempt to decipher the Clues and locate Gru’s Treasure. If Gru’s Treasure is not found within 24 hours after the Treasure Hunt’s start time, a second clue will be shared with all Participants via each Participant’s account on the Sponsor’s website. When Gru’s Treasure is found, the Participant shall call the Sponsor’s telephone number listed on the Tag. The Participant will then provide the Sponsor with the location where it was found and the “winning” ID number listed on the Tag. If this information is correct, the Participant will be declared the “winner”. After a winner has been declared, the Sponsor will notify all Participants via text and each Participant’s account on the Sponsor’s website that: (i) the Treasure Hunt has been concluded; (ii) what information the Clues intended to provide Participants in order to help locate them locate Gru’s Treasure; (iii) where the Tag was found; and (iv) the name of the winning Participant. PRIZES. Winning a prize is contingent upon fulfilling all requirements set forth in these Official Rules. The Treasure Hunt prize and winner’s obligations are as follows: Amount. The prize for winning the Treasure Hunt is indicated by the hunt that offered the Sponsor will make the prize amount known when Participant signs up. (the “Prize”). The Prize is non-transferable, non-negotiable. Payment. The Sponsor shall send the Prize to the winning Participant via USPS Priority Mail or similar delivery within one week after the winning Participant has: (i) provided the Sponsor a completed Form W-9; and (ii) provided the Sponsor with an executed publicity release as set forth in Section 16. Both of these will be accessible on the Sponsor’s website for download and upload. IRS W-9 Form. The winning Participant shall provide the Sponsor with a completed IRS Form W-9 prior to payment of his/her Prize amount. A W-9 will be accessible on the Sponsor’s website for download and upload. The Sponsor shall send each winning Participant a Form 1099-MISC for the Prize amount he/she received. Publicity Release. The winning Participant must sign the publicity release set forth in Section 16 prior to the release of the winning proceeds. The release will be accessible on the Sponsor’s website for download and upload. Taxes. The winning Participant shall be solely responsible for his/her federal, state, local, and other taxes associated with the Prize winnings. The Sponsor shall not be responsible for any taxes, fees, or assessments on any Prize winnings. Undeliverable. A prize returned as undeliverable or otherwise not claimed within thirty (30) days after the first attempt to deliver the Prize will be forfeited. AGREEMENT TO OBSERVE OFFICIAL RULES. Participant acknowledges and agrees to participate in the Treasure Hunt according to these Official Rules, any supplemental rules and Sponsor’s decisions (which shall be final and binding in all matters related to the Treasure Hunt) and all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations that govern the Treasure Hunt. Interaction with Others. While participating in a Treasure Hunt, Participant: assumes all risks relating to his/her communications and interactions with other Participants and with other persons with whom they communicate or interact; shall maintain safe and appropriate contact with other Participants and other people they may encounter; shall not interfere with other Participant’s participation in the Treasure Hunt, harass, threaten or otherwise violate the legal rights of others. Illegal or Unlawful Activity. At no time will the Treasure Hunt require Participant to engage in illegal or unlawful activity. If Participant believes that the Treasure Hunt is requiring such activity, the Participant shall refrain from such activity and immediately contact the Sponsor. Other’s Property. Participant will not: (i) trespass, attempt to gain access to any property or location where he/she does not have a right or permission to be; and (ii) otherwise engage in any activity that may result in injury, death, property damage, nuisance, or liability of any kind. Confidentiality. Participant agrees that all information provided by Sponsor with respect to the Treasure Hunt (including Clues) is confidential (“Confidential Information”). Participant agrees that he/she will not publicly reveal any Clue to any non-Participant in the Treasure Hunt prior to the conclusion of the Treasure Hunt. A Participant’s breach of this confidentiality restriction may: (i) disqualify the Participant (see Section 15); and (ii) create a claim for the Sponsor against the Participant for damages arising from such breach. The Sponsor reserves the right, in its sole and absolute discretion, to disqualify any Participant who (a) tampers with the Treasure Hunt’s entry process or its operation; (b) discloses Confidential Information (see Section 14d); (c) violates any provision in these Official Rules, or (d) acts in a disruptive manner with the intent to annoy, abuse, threaten, harass or interfere with any other Participant before the conclusion of the Treasure Hunt. The Sponsor shall have complete discretion to: (a) interpret these Official Rules and any other aspect of the Treasure Hunt; (b) verify Participant’s eligibility and compliance with these Official Rules, and (b) to refuse to award any prize to a Participant who is in breach of these Official Rules or otherwise fails satisfactorily to establish eligibility to win and claim a Prize. WINNER COOPERATION. Each winning Participant agrees to execute a release of privacy consenting to the Sponsor’s (or its designee) the right to use winner’s name, city, state, screen name, avatar, likeness, and/or Prize information, in connection with any Treasure Hunt for promotional, advertising, or other purposes worldwide, in any and all media now known or hereafter devised (including without limitation, Sponsor’s website, social media, printed materials, texts and email) without limitation and without further payment, notification, permission, or other consideration, except where prohibited by law. NO SPONSOR SCREENING OF PARTICIPANTS. Participant acknowledges that the Sponsor does not screen or inquire into the background of any Participant. Thus, Sponsor makes no representations or warranties as to the conduct of any Participant and shall not be held responsible for the actions of any Participant during the Treasure Hunt. MODIFICATION OR TERMINATION OF A TREASURE HUNT. Sponsor reserves the right to modify, delay, or terminate the Treasure Hunt, and/or not award a Prize, if: (a) Clues are made public or otherwise shared with non-Participants by any person or entity; (b) the Treasure Hunt becomes compromised or corrupted; (c) it is determined that the Treasure Hunt cannot be conducted as originally planned; or (d) if fraud or any other occurrence comprises the fairness or integrity of the Treasure Hunt. RELEASE AND INDEMNIFICATION. Participant acknowledges and agrees that he/she and anyone acting at the request of the Participant is solely responsible for their own actions during the Treasure Hunt. Consequently, Participant agrees to the following: Participant agrees to release, discharge, indemnify and hold harmless the Sponsor, its independent contractors and agents, marketing sponsors, advertising and promotion agencies, other parties involved in the Treasure Hunt and each of their respective directors, officers, employees, agents, successors and assigns (collectively, the “Contest Parties”) from any and all claims, liabilities, costs (including attorneys’ fees, witness fees, expert fees and other costs) injuries, damages, expenses, fines, or losses to person or property and/or liabilities of any nature incurred by any Contest Party that in any way arises from a Participant’s participation in the Treasure Hunt (including travel during participation) or the acceptance or use of a Prize (collectively, “Claims”). This includes, without limitation: (i) any condition caused by events beyond a Contest Party’s control that may cause the Treasure Hunt to be disrupted or corrupted; (ii) any injuries, losses, or damages (compensatory, direct, incidental, consequential, or otherwise) of any kind arising in connection with or as a result of any Prize, or acceptance, possession, or use of any Prize, or from participation in the Treasure Hunt, including any injuries to person or property (including those related to the transportation required to participate in the Treasure Hunt); and (iii) any printing or typographical errors in any materials associated with the Treasure Hunt. NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES. Participant acknowledges and agrees that the Contest Parties have neither made nor will be in any manner responsible or liable for any warranty, representation or guarantee, express or implied, in fact or in law, in connection with the Treasure Hunt or the Prize. Thus, the Contest Parties shall not have any responsibility or liability for: (a) any technical malfunctions of the telephone or data network, computer online system, computer dating mechanism, computer equipment, software, social media platform, or Internet service provider utilized by a Contest Party; (b) interruption or inability to access the Sponsor’s website, application or any online service via the Internet due to hardware or software compatibility problems; (c) any damage to Participant’s (or any third person’s) computer or mobile device and/or its contents related to or resulting from any part of the Treasure Hunt; (d) any lost/delayed data transmissions, omissions, interruptions, viruses, bugs, defects; and/or any other errors or malfunctions, even if caused by the negligence of a Contest Party; (e) changes or unavailability of the wireless carrier, internet service provider, or the social media platform used for purposes of administering this Treasure Hunt that may interfere with the Treasure Hunt; or (f) the Participant’s ability to timely enter, receive notices, or communicate with the Sponsor. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. Sole Remedy. Participant’s sole remedy for Sponsor’s breach of these Official Rules shall be a refund of the Entry Fee paid by the Participant. Various Limitations. Each Contest Party is not responsible for: (i) late, lost, delayed, damaged, incomplete, illegible, misdirected or undeliverable entries, responses, or other correspondence, whether through the Sponsor’s website, by e-mail or postal mail or otherwise; (ii) theft, destruction, unauthorized access to or alterations of entry materials; or (iii) phone, electrical, network, computer, hardware, software program, or transmission malfunctions, failures or difficulties. No Class Actions. Except where prohibited, by participating in the Treasure Hunt and submitting an entry, Participant agrees that: (i) any and all disputes, claims and causes of action arising out of or in connection with the Prize, or any other matter relating to the Contest that cannot be resolved between such entrant and any Contest Party shall be resolved individually, without resort to any form of class action. No Injunctive or Equitable Relief. In no event shall any Participant seek or be entitled to rescission, injunctive or other equitable relief or to enjoin or restrain the production, distribution, exhibition, operation or other exploitation of the Treasure Hunt, any website, content, advertising or other materials used, displayed or issued in connection with the Treasure Hunt, or any submission or entry, and such Participant’s rights and remedies in any such Treasure Hunt shall be strictly limited to the right to recover money damages, if any, in an action at law. No Special Damages. IN NO EVENT WILL ANY OF THE CONTEST PARTIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOSS OF USE, DATA, BUSINESS OR PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH PARTICIPATION IN THE TREASURE HUNT, WHETHER SUCH LIABILITY ARISES FROM ANY CLAIM BASED UPON CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO ALL PARTICIPANTS. FORCE MAJEURE. Without limiting any other provision in these Official Rules, in the event that any Participant’s activities or any Contest Party’s operations or activities are affected, as determined by the Sponsor, in its sole discretion, including, without limitation, by reason of any acts of God, any action, regulation, order or request by any governmental or quasi-governmental entity (whether or not the action, regulations, order or request proves to be invalid), equipment failure, threatened terrorist acts, terrorist acts, air raid, blackout, act of public enemy, earthquake, war (declared or undeclared), fire, flood, epidemic or public health crisis (e.g. COVID), explosion, unusually severe weather, hurricane, embargo, labor dispute or strike (whether legal or illegal) labor or material shortage, transportation interruption of any kind, work slow-down, civil disturbance, insurrection, riot, or any law, rule, regulation, order or other action adopted or taken by any governmental, federal, state or local government authority, or any other cause, whether or not specifically mentioned above, subject to any governmental approval that may be required, the Sponsor shall have the right to modify, suspend, or terminate the Treasure Hunt, and no Contest Party shall be responsible or liable to any Participant or any person claiming through such Participant for failure to supply the Prize or any part thereof. The Sponsor is not responsible for electronic communications that are undeliverable as a result of any form of active or passive filtering of any kind, or insufficient space in Participant’s e-mail account to receive e-mail messages or telephone to receive texts. WINNERS LIST. An official winner(s) list for the Treasure Hunt shall be posted on the Sponsor’s Website. DISCLAIMER: This Treasure Hunt is in no way sponsored, endorsed, or administered by, or associated with Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, or any third-party social media company. Use of their trademarks or intellectual property is incidental to this promotion. Small Claims Court. Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, shall be resolved by Small Claims Court, if such court has jurisdiction over the matter. Arbitration. Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, shall be resolved by arbitration. The Parties shall agree to number of arbiters and the appointment of arbiters. If they are unable to agree, then each Party shall appoint one arbiter and the appointed arbiters shall appoint a third arbiter. The arbitration process shall follow the American Arbitration Association Commercial Arbitration Rules, and judgment on the award rendered by the arbiter(s) may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. Recovery of Costs. If any legal action or arbitration arises under this Agreement or by reason of any asserted breach of it, the prevailing Party shall be entitled to recover reasonable costs and expenses it incurs (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees, arbitrators’ fees, and costs of witnesses, experts and investigation) through all appellate hearings and post-judgment or award collection efforts. Venue. The Parties agree that any arbitration shall be heard in Grand Rapids, Michigan and the venue for any court action shall be Kent County, Michigan. MISCELLANEOUS. These Official Rules: (a) are intended by the parties as the final expression and the complete and exclusive statement of their agreement and any prior or contemporaneous agreements or understandings, oral or written, which may contradict, explain or supplement these terms shall not be effective or admissible; (b) if any provision of these Official Rules is held invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of these Official Rules shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect; (c) if any provision is held invalid or unenforceable with respect to particular circumstances, it shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect in all other circumstances; (d) failure of either party to enforce any provisions of this Agreement shall not be deemed a waiver or limitation of that party's right to subsequently enforce and compel strict compliance with every provision of this Agreement; (e) is binding upon and inures to the benefit of the parties and their successors and assigns, except as otherwise provided herein; (f) may not be amended or modified except by a writing signed by the parties which expressly states that it amends these Official Rules; (g) shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Michigan; and (h) shall be construed and interpreted in a neutral manner and no rule of construction or interpretation shall apply against any particular party based on a contention that this Agreement was drafted by one of the parties.

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Contributing writer for Wake Up World “The next generation of Europe’s children are safe from toxic dental mercury,” proclaims Charlie Brown, president of Consumers for Dental Choice and the umbrella World Alliance for Mercury-Free Dentistry. Starting July 1, 2018, amalgam use is banned for children under the age of 15 and for pregnant or nursing women — anywhere in the vast European Union (EU) 1,2 — which includes 28 countries in all, with a population totaling more than half a billion people. “This landmark achievement still has to be officially ratified,” Charlie says, “but all three European Union institutions, the [European] commission, the Council [of the European Union] and the European Parliament have reached consensus.” “The ban on amalgam for children in Europe, we promise you, will reverberate in favor of the children across the world — in America North and South, in Africa, and in Asia and the Pacific,” said Brown. “The game changer that will do in amalgam is the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which requires every participating nation to act to reduce amalgam use. The Convention is expected to become legally binding in the middle of 2017.” The hard-fought victory in Europe came after six grueling years of reports, hearings before the Commission, meetings at the Parliament, events in the national capital cities and in the E.U. capital city of Brussels and submission of testimony to a seemingly unending number of players. Civil society — the public — mobilized at a level rarely seen on an issue so intertwined between environment and health concerns. European-wide nonprofit groups brought their networks to the forefront, and were joined by nation-based environmental and patient rights’ groups from France, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain and Italy. Ultimately, in an internet vote called by the European Commission, 88 percent of the public voted for a phase-out of amalgam as opposed to only 12 percent to keep amalgam — and voter turnout was double that of any other Minamata issue. At the outset of the campaign in 2010, every major EU institution supported amalgam. At the end, in 2016, no major EU institution did. Brown pays particular homage to four Europeans who led the campaign: Elena Lymberidi-Settimo from Greece; dentist Dr. Graeme Munro-Hall from the U.K.; Marie Grosman from France; and Florian Schulze from Germany. Thank You for Supporting Mercury-Free Dentistry! Mercury-containing amalgam is a primitive, pre-Civil War pollutant that has no place in modern dentistry. Compelling evidence shows that dental amalgams readily release mercury in the form of vapor every time you eat, drink or brush your teeth. A single amalgam filling may release as much as 15 micrograms of mercury per day; 10 micrograms per day is average. To put that into perspective, eating mercury-tainted seafood can expose you to about 2.3 micrograms per day, and that alone was enough for scientists to call for a worldwide warning in 2006. Brown, a twice-elected former attorney general for West Virginia, has committed nearly two decades of his life to protecting children and grownups around the world from the dangers of mercury amalgam. Consumers for Dental Choice has been a Health Liberty partner with us since 2011, and this victory is a powerful demonstration of the impact you can have when you donate money to our Health Liberty partners. We worked long and hard to identify these partners, and Consumers for Dental Choice is one of the most effective consumer protection organizations out there. Charlie has spearheaded the creation of an enormously dedicated and effective international team operating in dozens of countries on every continent. I would personally like to thank all of you who donated to this cause earlier this year and in years’ past. Your financial support is what makes these kinds of victories possible. Yes, you CAN make a difference in other people’s lives. Next Steps for Europe and Elsewhere Next, each of the 28 European countries must submit a plan for how they are going to reduce amalgam use in the remainder of the population. The most vulnerable, the children, are now protected from the dangers of amalgam, but in all reality, amalgam should not be placed in anyone, of any age or gender. These plans are due by July 1, 2019, and by then, Charlie suspects most countries will opt to phase out amalgam entirely. As for the United States and Canada, now that the entire EU is taking a strong stand to protect the health of children and pregnant/nursing women, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada will be pushed to reconsider their stance. So far, they’ve both chosen to protect amalgam producers and the profits of pro-mercury dentists. However, while the EU situation will turn up the heat on these agencies, Charlie urges all consumers everywhere to refuse to do business with any dentists who still use mercury amalgam in their practices, because consumer pressure is the fastest way to eliminate the practice. EPA Finalizes Rule Restricting Dentists’ Mercury Discharges In related good news, on December 15, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized a rule restricting dentists’ mercury discharges. After more than a decade of debating the issue and an additional five years of delays, the agency finally finalized requirements for dentists (placing or removing amalgam) to install amalgam separators to prevent mercury from being flushed down the drain, entering municipal waste water treatment facilities and being haphazardly released into the environment. Dental offices are “the largest source of mercury in municipal wastewater, the largest consumer use and also the largest reservoir of mercury in use today,” said Michael Bender, director of the Vermont-based Mercury Policy Project and a strong supporter of the World Alliance for Mercury-free Dentistry. He called the separators, which the EPA estimates will cost dentists about $800 per year to operate, “a practical, affordable and available technology for capturing mercury.” As reported by E&E News reporter Gabriel Dunsmith:3 “EPA pegs total discharge from dentists’ offices at 5.1 tons annually. The new rule will enforce the use of amalgam separators, which capture mercury before it is discharged. The technology will eliminate dental mercury discharge, the agency said, in addition to 5.3 tons of other waste metals. In a fact sheet, EPA said its new rule is a ‘common sense solution to managing mercury that would otherwise be released to air, land, and water.’“ The Fight Continues for an Amalgam-Free World Seeing the EU decision as a springboard, Consumers for Dental Choice and the World Alliance for Mercury-Free Dentistry have launched a campaign to ban mercury amalgam for every child everywhere. “We target 2020 as victory year for the world’s children,” said Brown. “This victory for Europe’s children will lead us to for the children of Asia, Africa and America North and South. Amalgam belongs only in museums that feature failed medical strategies.“ As noted by Lymberidi-Settimo, Zero Mercury Campaign project coordinator with the European Environmental Bureau:4 With this agreement Europe takes an important step toward returning to world leadership in implementing the Minamata Convention. These steps toward a phase-out of dental amalgam will now resonate across the world.” Conspiracy of Silence Has Finally Been Broken As previously explained by Charlie, there’s been a decades’ long conspiracy of silence in the dental community, and for good reason. No patient in their right mind wants amalgams in their mouth once they understand that half of it is toxic mercury, and so it was kept a secret. There was even a gag order on dentists preventing them from informing their patients that amalgam contained mercury, and dentists who dared speak out about amalgams risked losing their license for doing so. This is why amalgams have misleadingly been called “silver fillings” — a description based on their color rather than the actual composition of the material, 50 percent of which is mercury, NOT silver. Not only do amalgams leach mercury into your system, they also increase the likelihood of your teeth cracking and requiring additional dental work later on. For consumers, dental patients and dental workers, there is no advantage to amalgam — none whatsoever. It isn’t even a modern filling technologically. One group, however, does benefit: the “drill, fill and bill” dentists who cleverly make more money per chair per day doing assembly line dentistry. It’s past time for these polluters to switch to mercury-free dentistry, and it’s time too for their patients to either insist on mercury-free fillings or head out the door to another dentist. What the pro-mercury dentists are not telling patients is that dentists are making money again on the back end. Being a metal that expands and contracts, amalgam can crack teeth and are not at all (like composites and ionomers) tooth-friendly. So amalgam costs us a lot more than composite once we factor environmental costs and future tooth restoration costs, or either one of those. Composite materials are only about 20 percent more expensive than amalgam, and on small cavities there’s no difference in price. Some materials, such as ionomers, are actually less expensive than amalgam. The conspiracy of silence kept consumer knowledge at bay for a long time. Fortunately, Zogby polls shows the number of people who know amalgam is mercury has doubled in the last eight years. And, as predicted, once they know it, they don’t want it. Are Your Amalgams Causing Health Problems? Dental mercury fans the flames of inflammation, which is a key factor in most chronic disease. It also impairs your body’s ability to detoxify. You may be particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of mercury if your immune system is in any way compromised, or if you are exposed to other toxins, in which case mercury has a tendency to become even more toxic. General symptoms of mercury poisoning can easily be overlooked or misdiagnosed. If you have any of the following symptoms or a combination, you might want to have yourself screened for heavy metal toxicity: |Impairment of vision, hearing or speech, including light sensitivity |Lack of motor coordination |Muscle twitching and/or tremors |Itching or burning |Skin discoloration (red nose, cheeks or lips) |Elevated heart rate |High blood pressure |Mood swings, nervousness, anxiety, or irritability Important Information About Amalgam Removal For those of you who have mercury fillings, I recommend having them very carefully removed by a competent biological dentist who follows professional protocols for amalgam removal. It’s VERY important to have it done correctly. When amalgams are removed, a large amount of mercury is released, and if the proper precautions aren’t taken, your body can absorb a massive dose of mercury that can lead to acute kidney problems. I experienced this myself more than 20 years ago when I had my amalgams removed by a non-biological dentist. Biological dentists, on the other hand, are well aware of these dangers. Some of the steps that need to be taken to keep you and your dentist safe during amalgam removal include: |Providing you with an alternative air source and instructing you not to breathe through your mouth |Putting a rubber dam in your mouth so you don’t swallow or inhale any toxins, and using a high-volume evacuator near the tooth at all times to evacuate the mercury vapor |Using a cold-water spray to minimize mercury vapors |Washing your mouth out immediately after the fillings have been removed (the dentist should also change gloves after the removal) |Immediately cleaning your protective wear and face once the fillings are removed |Using room air purifiers By Refusing to Cover Composite Materials, Insurance Companies Impose Great Harm Disturbingly, many insurance policies still refuse to pay for composite fillings. Others that do cover composite fillings will only pay up to the cost of an amalgam, leaving you to pay the difference. As a result, people who have dental insurance are actually more likely to get amalgam than those paying out of pocket.5 When insurance companies refuse to fully pay for mercury-free composite fillings for all teeth, they harm more than your pocketbook. They harm: - Your health: Dental amalgam releases neurotoxic mercury vapor into your body. Children, the unborn and the hypersensitive are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of mercury. Amalgam also requires the removal of healthy tooth tissue, thereby weakening tooth structure and increasing the risk of cracked teeth — leading to higher dental bills later. - The environment: Dental amalgam is the largest source of mercury pollution in the U.S. Once amalgam’s elemental mercury reaches the environment, it can convert to methylmercury, which can contaminate the fish we eat. Mercury pollution can cause health problems, especially for children and the unborn, whose brain and nervous systems are still developing. - Your dental office: Dental amalgam can contaminate dental workplaces with mercury, which exposes dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, front office staff and visiting patients to this toxin. Due to this constant exposure, dental professionals — many of whom are women of childbearing age — have been found to have higher systemic mercury levels than the general population. Demand Your Choice Today, about 50 percent of American dentists offer mercury-free dentistry, up from 3 percent 20 years ago. To accelerate change in the U.S., Consumers for Dental Choice is urging all American consumers to demand mercury-free dentistry — both from your dentist and from your insurance company. If they refuse, switch dentists; switch insurance. At present, many insurance companies, including Delta Dental, Aetna, Equitable and Humana typically will pay only for amalgam in your molars, even though composite, not amalgam, has become the standard and mainstream filling material in North America. And, since mercury-free dentists — again, about half of all dentists in the U.S. — will not give you an amalgam filling anywhere in your mouth, the insurance company profits handsomely since you then have to pay the bill out-of-pocket even though you’re insured! As previously noted by Brown: “They sell an artificially low-price policy to get you in. That’s a bait and switch. It’s time to hold all of them accountable … Challenge your insurance company; demand your claim be paid, and work with your mercury-free dentist to do that. We have the paperwork if you push the ‘Demand Your Choice’ button … We can change this from the grassroots up. We’re not going to wait on the FDA … We’re going to simply change the market.” What’s Lurking in Your Silver Fillings? It’s estimated that 75 percent of Americans are ignorant about that fact that amalgam fillings are actually 50 percent mercury, and this is no accident. The American Dental Association (ADA) popularized the deceptive term “silver fillings” so consumers would think amalgam is made mainly of silver when actually it has twice as much mercury as silver. Mercury is an incredibly potent neurotoxin; it doesn’t take much to cause serious damage because it’s an absolute poison. If you were to take the amount of mercury in a typical thermometer and put it in a small lake, that lake would be closed down due to environmental hazards. Yet, amounts much higher than that are readily put into your mouth if you receive a “silver” amalgam dental filling, as the majority of material in the filling is actually mercury. Download your free copy of “Measurably Misleading” and learn how the FDA and dental industry are misleading consumers and why that’s bad for American families and our planet. Help Support Mercury-Free Dentistry We believe in inspiring progress — and nowhere is the progress more evident than the work of Consumers for Dental Choice and its Campaign for Mercury-Free Dentistry. So consider donating your funds where you know it will get results. Consumers for Dental Choice takes the Holistic Approach to Advocacy. You wouldn’t go to a traditional dentist who uses mercury amalgam fillings. So why would you go to a traditional activist to fight for mercury-free dentistry? That’s why so many people, including myself, support Consumers for Dental Choice’s holistic approach to advocacy. Resources to Help You Find a Biological Dentist The following organizations can help you to find a mercury-free, biological dentist: - Consumers for Dental Choice - Dental Amalgam Mercury Solutions (DAMS). E-mail them at: [email protected] or call 651-644-4572 for an information packet - Holistic Dental Association - Huggins Applied Healing - International Academy of Biological Dentistry & Medicine (IABDM) - International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT) - International Association of Mercury Safe Dentists - Talk International Let’s Help Consumers for Dental Choice Get the Funding They Deserve Consumers for Dental Choice and its leader Charlie Brown continue their full-court-press campaign to bring mercury-free dentistry to the U.S. and worldwide. If you wish to stay informed, I encourage you to follow them on Facebook; and if you wish to stay informed by receiving their announcements, you can sign up by CLICKING HERE. You can help stop dental mercury today! Please consider a donating to Consumers for Dental Choice, a non-profit organization dedicated to advocating mercury-free dentistry. To contribute, please click the Campaign For Mercury Free Dentistry image below. - 1, 4 EEB.org December 8, 2016 (PDF) - 2 PR Newswire December 8, 2016 - 3 EEnews.net December 16, 2016 - 5 Journal of the American Dental Association 2011;142;622-632 About the author: Born and raised in the inner city of Chicago, IL, Dr. Joseph Mercola is an osteopathic physician trained in both traditional and natural medicine. Board-certified in family medicine, Dr. Mercola served as the chairman of the family medicine department at St. Alexius Medical Center for five years, and in 2012 was granted fellowship status by the American College of Nutrition (ACN). While in practice in the late 80s, Dr. Mercola realized the drugs he was prescribing to chronically ill patients were not working. By the early 90s, he began exploring the world of natural medicine, and soon changed the way he practiced medicine. In 1997 Dr. Mercola founded Mercola.com, which is now routinely among the top 10 health sites on the internet. His passion is to transform the traditional medical paradigm in the United States. “The existing medical establishment is responsible for killing and permanently injuring millions of Americans… You want practical health solutions without the hype, and that’s what I offer.” Recommended articles by Dr. Joseph Mercola: - Real Rehabilitation – The Benefits of Organic Gardening in Prisons - Basic Yoga Moves to Improve Balance, Mood and Flexibility - Medical Errors: Still the Third Leading Cause of Death - Battered Bees and the Threat to Our Food Supply - The Biggest Cause of Anxiety and Depression is Traumatic Life Events - Zika: Brazil Admits It’s Not the Virus - Plants Are Smarter Than You Think - Scientific Links Between Processed Foods and Depression - How Sugar Harms Your Brain Health and Drives Alzheimer’s Epidemic - The Health Benefits of Intermittent Fasting - Can a Hug a Day Keep Infection Away? - The Magic Healing Power of Mushrooms - The Science of Healing Thoughts - Caring for an Aging or Dying Pet – What You Need to Know (and Some Help with Your Grief)

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https://wakeup-world.com/2017/01/18/european-union-bans-amalgam-fillings-for-children-and-pregnant-or-nursing-women/

2024-04-15T03:28:43Z

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The future is shaky for old-west style ranching. Former Bell Ranch wagon boss Gary Morton is caught in the web of that uncertainty, and is, in a sense, a victim of the times. You just don’t read about good ranch cowboys. They don’t win ribbons, haul to a lot of rodeos, endorse western wear, or write training articles for horse magazines. No matter how good they are at their work, they’re simply not news, not even when they die. Sure, you might see headlines about big ranch owners, but they’re another story. Ranch owners have been known to play tennis and travel to Hawaii, but cowboys, well, other than a week off to see the in-laws, they pretty much stick close to what they know best. And part of being a cowboy is having a blood bond to the profession; it’s not the role you slip in and out of with a simple change of attire. They hat and boots don’t come off when you go to town or meet with bankers or whenever it might be in your favor to be something other than a cowboy. The real ones wear the badge in good times and bad, it makes no difference. Ask the former wagon boss for one of the biggest outfits in the west—the Bell Ranch out of Tucumcari, N.M.—about the bad times, and you’ll get an honest account. Twenty-eight-year-old Gary Morton is now sampling the rough road as an eyewitness, hoping the route is not one way and praying his days in limbo won’t last forever. When his wagon boss job soured for him last year, Gary quit, thinking it would be a snap to land an equal-if-not-better riding job elsewhere. “I looked hard and heavy,” Gary recalls, “for three months. I didn’t want to take just the first job that came along and spend a month there and then have to move on. A feller misses a lot if he works on one outfit for three months and then leaves. When it really gets good is after your first year on a ranch.” Morton can also tell you the corollary to his theorem: the longer you’re out of the saddle, the more you yearn for cow country, horses, and punchers. Morton is not the first to travel this road, but mark this point well: the path he follows twists in unnatural ways. Gary recently dipped his hands into a beautiful black pot called art, a pot that can comfort or scald, sometimes in a loud hiss, all at once, without warned. The satisfaction of creating bonzes and oils of western scenes makes his time away from big outfits go down more smoothly, but the ghost of possible success in the art world entices him away from a breed he greatly admires—cowboys content to be cowboys. Gary Morton has an option. He can sell just enough of his art to squeeze out an existence for himself, his wife Susie, and their two children, but the starving artist routine wears thin quick. Other cowboys without second talents are forced to take jobs as they turn up; they also keep their hands in the business, and in the world of the cowboy, nothing counts as much as experience. Even the jobs on the small, two-man operations add to the repertoire of campfire and bunkhouse stories, without which a cowboy has a little. Cowboyin is a life style and a big store of memories, and until he recently signed on with a northern New Mexico outfit, Gary Morton had but a memory of the former and a small store of the latter. But don’t imagine that Gary Morton is the odd duck. He’s the typical young man who followed a dream to become a cowboy, became one, and was thereafter hopelessly hooked on what could be the last of the truly quixotic, lonely ways to spend the days. It’s rough work, but for the man who quits struggling to be something else, it can be immensely rewarding. Alas, the sweet plums don’t linger, they ripen in a flash, and soon fall to earth; cowboys can labor for only so long under a boss they don’t respect or on horses that won’t quit bucking or in country that loses its magic. And while the old-timers used to move around a lot to satisfy their desires, the big ranches are now breaking up, and the number and types of jobs worth holding for younger men are getting fewer. The young cowboy—the Gary Morton cowboy—faces a dwindling world, and for those who have been bitten hard by the life of the range-riding cowboy, withdrawal is a painful proposition. Morton slides to a slouching position in the chair and folds a leg over the other, exposing the full length of his 19-inch Paul Bond boots. He’s visiting friends in Santa Fe for a few days, and while he talks, Susie sits away from the circle of conversation but fixes herself on every word that’s said. The two Morton children play with new Christmas toys. Gary has grown a beard and his hands have lost some of their customary coarseness, accumulated after much work in the open. There’s a quality of refinement about him that belies the rough work he’s committed himself to; he’s a cowboy, but he’s a man apart. His Thoughts tumble out in careful doses as if he holds a deep respect and possibly a fear for spoken words. His large fingers surround a cup of steaming coffee and he remembers his initiation to the cowboy world, nine years ago. “I called several ranches around Tucumcari, and they didn’t need anyone, and then I called the Bell Ranch. Around Tucumcari, that’s the place. Kind of sits on a pedestal. I never dreamed of getting on there, but I called them anyway, and they said, ‘Yes, we’d like to talk to you.’ “I met the ranch manager, George Ellis, in town, and we talked. He asked if I could ride broncs, and because I’d done some rodeoing in high school, I said yes. Of course, at that time I didn’t know the difference between a ranch bronc and a rodeo bronc. “A friend hauled me out to the ranch and left me. I was scared to death; watching my friend drive away was like being at my own funeral. I had heard all kinds of stories about the ranch and about old Spanish-Americans and how tough they were. People said there were some who were 100 years old and that they were still fightin’ and scrappin’. “The horses the ranch gave me were all broncs, and I sure thought I was in hell for a while. But I got so hooked on it, I just couldn’t accept the fact that them horses could buck me off anytime they wanted to. The first thing I said was, ‘I’m going to stay here until I can ride these broncs.’ I finally did ride ‘em.” Being able to stay aboard rank horses didn’t end Morton’s headaches. Two months after he signed on, the Bell Ranch wagon pulled out for the fall works, under the general manager George Ellis, when the wagon went out it stayed out. “If the weather turned bad,” Morton winced, “and if it stayed that way for three or four days, he might come get ya and then he might not.” There weren’t any vehicles handy either and what the situation equaled was isolation. “Myself and the wagon boss, Leo Turner, were the only gringos with the wagon at that time. Almighty,” Morton drawled, spitting out the words, “those fellas sure gave me hell. I couldn’t ride a horse very well and they’d throw their hats under my horse, and get me bucked off; if I’d be holding the saddle horn, they’d ride up and slap my hand with a rope. “I told Leo one night I was going to quit, and he said, ‘Don’t you dare. If we have to, we’ll get a fence post and beat all their heads in, but don’t you quit on me.’ I thought I was going to die any day, but thinking back on it, I wouldn’t change a thing. Not one bit. They taught me in the cowboy way. There are things I probably wouldn’t have learned had they not treated me rough, and when they saw I was going to stick it out, they became some of my best friends.” Gary Morton’s account is apt to set old-timers’ heads nodding. The education of a cowboy is pretty close to universal, despite different traditions and methods of handling horses and cattle in different parts of the country, once a man graduates, he travels in elite company. There’s always the talk about how “it ain’t nearly as tough now as it was when I was makin’ a hand,” but the stern initiation still serves to separate the pretenders. And if there’s one particular quality that runs consistent in those who do make the grade it’s the ability to take the licks, and not take them personally. If you can say that a cowboy has a lot of try, you’ve paid him high respect. “The old-timers will help you,” says Wyoming rancher Bob Douglas, veteran of several years’ experience on big spreads, “if you’ve got try. If you’re interested, they’ll teach—it’s not a hidden culture if anything—but first you’ve got to show you’re willing.” Douglas was fortunate to have worked on the Sheridan, Wyo., outfits—the Kendrick Cattle Co. and Willcutt—plus the John Scott operation out of Hardin, Mont., in his formative years, back in the days just before modern ranching took strong hold. Douglas is only 40, but cowboys grow up fast in the midst of weathered punchers; he’s old enough now to look back with a bit of objectivity. What Douglas remembers, and Morton, too, is the degree of respect demanded by the older hands. The admiration, and in cases hero worship, was usually freely given. “A cowboy is a pretty proud creature,” Douglas says. “And the older ones take a lot a pride in their equipment and in the way they do things. An old cowboy is terrible easy to insult, because there’s a right way, a wrong way, and his way. Some are real touchy; if you look at ‘em cross-eyed, it’s wrong. But don’t misunderstand, even though they were always screamin’ at me, I was learning and I enjoyed it. I didn’t have to guess whether or not I was doing something right—if they weren’t hollerin’, I was okay.” Gary Morton echoes Douglas’ regard for age. “If I die tomorrow, I won’t feel like I missed anything because I met the best man in the world. Leo Turner. He’s got a heart of gold, and if you asked him about somebody he hates, he wouldn’t say a word. ‘Oh, he’s all right, I guess,’ he’d say. Leo is old west. I know there must have been times he got made enough to kill me, but he never got mad at me but once—and I don’t really remember what it was about. He’s been in the saddle for 50 years. “Wes Adams isn’t what you’d call an old-timer, but he’s sure got the spirit of the old west. Some people might think he’s crazy, but I think he’s smart. He’s a guy who might not say anything for two or three days, but when he said something, and it might not be but one sentence, it would mean more than somebody else talking all day. He never talked much but he said a lot. “He was quite a different character when he got drunk. Talked your head off then. One night, when everybody was playing cards at headquarters, Wes got drunk and walked out to his wrangling horse, ol’ Papago. He saddled up, got his 30-30 and scabbard, strapped it on his saddle, rolled his bed and tied it to the back of the saddle—imagine that big bedroll straddling the horse’s butt—and mounted. Wes and Papago loped around the bunkhouse with Wes shooting his 30-30 in the air and yellin’, ‘Boys, I’m stealin’ the horses and I’m going to Mexico!’ It was all a joke, of course. Wes would never do anything to hurt a person. “Cowboys are a wild sort,” Morton throws in. “Most of the cowboys I know hold on to the image created a century ago. The majority won’t back down from a fight and sure like to raise hell.” Endearing traits, perhaps, but imagine the dilemma of the man bossing a cowboy crew. The priorities of the ranch general manager sometimes run counter to the desire of the hired hand, and given the cowboy’s strong-willed, independent nature, it takes a special breed to dish out orders. The general manager stands in a no man’s land between the owner and the help; it’s difficult for him to associate freely with either part, and his can be a solitary job. What does a boss look for in a cowboy who might later become a foreman? Don Hofman, Bell Ranch general manager, says honesty ranks tops on his list. “And of course,” he adds, “they’ve got to be aggressive and take a leader’s job. There’ll be easy times, and then we’ll have days when the hours are long. The advice I give the young men is just get on the ball and get after it, and somebody will be watching.” The late George Ellis, Hofman’s distinguished predecessor, wrote in his book, Bell Ranch As I Knew It, “We did get a few undesirables. One could never tell when hiring a new man just how he would turn out. But none of the less desirables lasted very long. We never had any of the bad, law-breaking kind pictured in so many western movies and described in some western stories.” The Bell Ranch is one of the few outfits offering long hours in the saddle and a way of life reminiscent of days past. The ranch fields 14 full-time hands, 10 of whom are cowboys with riding jobs. Many big ranches have been split up by investors and land speculators, but Bell Ranch owner Bill Lane has charted an opposite course, and instead of whittling down the large New Mexico ranch, he’s added to it, bringing the total acreage to 292,000. No one is calling Lane’s expansion a visionary financial move; rather, it signals his commitment to a way of life now in death throes. The Bell Ranch still runs a chuck wagon, although it has long since been motorized. Cowboys will spend a full month in the spring and three months in the fall horseback, all day, every day. In late spring and summer, they’ll spend at least half the day horseback and the other half in a pickup or around headquarters doing chores of some kind. The ranch also designates a number of cowboys to be camp men, a choice job. Camp men, many of whom are married, live in ranch outbuildings, apart from headquarters, and it is their job to oversee a portion of ranch lands and cattle. “With the wages a cowboy draws, plus all the other benefits such as housing, beef, medical and dental care, a hand can make a decent living,” explains Hofman. “But it’s not the pay that keeps a cowboy on the job. There’s just no way to describe the feeling of a spring morning with a good horse to ride, everything turning green, and baby calves in all directions.” Hofman adds that he often hires inexperienced people. “I imagine we give more guys a chance than anyone else. I happen to like working with young men. It doesn’t bother me if they don’t know much as long as they have desire—that’s all that really counts.” Because of its size and reputation, the Bell Ranch attracts a number of drifters. Hofman believes that a variety of experiences gathered from other ranches can help a cowboy advance himself, but there’s also a danger, he qualifies, of getting unrealistic about the kind of jobs available. “We still have a few cowboys who want to play the cowboy like they had 50 years ago, and who say they won’t do anything unless it’s horseback,” Hofman says. “That day and age has passed, and they learn it right quick when they get here. We still do a lot of things that way, but you can’t stand in the way of progress, and there’s no use trying. There are a few cowboys who think their legs are too bowed to get on a tractor, but we don’t have any use for them.” In few professions is the conflict between the old and the new as evident as it is on big ranches. On the one side, the profit motive pressures the owner and manager to modernize whenever possible; the cowboys resist change because how they go about their jobs can be as important as the product, “A lot of the world is pushed too much today,” Morton believes. “It doesn’t have to be that hurried. A cow can only have one calf a year, no matter how fast you move. “A big percentage of the cowboys want to be old-timers,” Morton continues. “Everybody would like to turn the clock back. We hang on to the old ways, and the chuck wagon is part of it. You don’t need big hats, high boots, neck rags—all that—to be a cowboy, and I’ve seen good cowboys who’ve worn caps and low-topped boots, but the clothes are all part of a spirit of cowboyin’. If there was a time machine sitting right here, I’d turn it back 100 years, get in it, go back, and blow it up.” Bob Douglas has a fondness for tradition but his approach is to look hard at the way things are done and select the best approach, regardless if it’s old or new. He says, “Anybody who’s worked around a lot knows that you compile knowledge from every outfit you work for. No matter how sorry, or how sock-and-shoe and outfit may be, there’ll always be one or two things they do that you can catalog and use later. My littler operation here is the result of what I’ve learned. I do things in an economical manner. “Until somebody shows me a better alternative, though, I’ll stay with the time-tested way. For instance, I won’t go near a calf table. Quite a few of my neighbors have them, and if they need some help come branding time, I tell them I won’t come. But if they want to rope ‘em and drag ‘em to the fire, then I’ll help and help gladly.” There’s also a matter of range etiquette that has been established over the years, and it’s more or less the equivalent of a standard operating procedure. You won’t find much of this actually spelled out, but the code of behavior is strong, and a green hand would do well to observe the older men and learn the do’s and don’t’s quickly. “Never ride ahead of the boss,” Morton advises. “Maybe you’re riding out in a group going somewhere to start a drive. Heck, you don’t know where they’re going or how they’re going to do it, so you certainly shouldn’t be in the lead or ahead of the man. “It’s a pretty bad deal, too, when the boss has to say something about one of your horses. That’s about as low as a feller can get, and you should always take top care of your string. “A little common sense is all you need. If I hire on to an outfit, I never ask about my horses. It’s more or less admitting you’re scared of them. If the horses are bad, they might tell you, but they might not. It’s up to you to find out.” Douglas recalls a misunderstanding he experienced a few years ago because he didn’t understand one outfit’s way of handling the remuda. “I was with Willcutt at the time, and was sent as a rep to help brand 5,000 calves on a Montana ranch that was Texas-owned, the John Scott outfit. I took a string of horses with me and when I got there, I turned them loose in the remuda. Next morning, come time to saddle up, I walked to the rope corral to catch my horse for the day. I noticed that everyone else was carrying his bridle, but I didn’t think anything of it. A fellow in the corral asked what horse I wanted. When I said I’d catch him myself, I kind of got off to a bad start, but when I realized that some of our customs in Wyoming were different from his, we got along okay. “There’s things a young man should know when cattle are being counted. Of course, the old fellows always did the counting, and if us young bucks would get to visiting and talking while they were counting, they’d really get after us. That only happens once.” Now and then, though, a young cowboy comes along and breaks the rules and not only gets away with it, wins acceptance. “This boy hired on several years ago,” Morton says, “bronc riding fool, he was. He stepped up to the rope corral the first morning with his hat pulled down real low, and his brim was so big he couldn’t see out, I was sure of that. Wild-looking rascal. He was small built, not muscular or anything, and although he had on a good pair of boots, they didn’t have a riding heel and I didn’t take much stock in him. “if you don’t mind,’ he says to the man ropin’ the horses, ‘I’d have the wild mare’s colts.’” Pretty risky talk for a new man fresh on an outfit. They caught him every mean, rank, buckin’ bronc in the remuda. And he rode ‘em. And he did a top job of it, you know. When a horse quit bucking, he traded that son of a gun for something that would.” Don Hofman remembers, with mixed feelings, a young Bell Ranch hand who was “the meanest, most aggravating cowboy I’ve ever known. You couldn’t live with him, and I’m not kidding. He could tear up more stuff than three guys, and would do it just to get another fella to laugh at him. He was also a top cowboy at 20. We’ve had guys here who had been pursuing the trade for six or seven years who couldn’t even follow him. He knew cattle, and if you threw a roundup together and there was any possibility of a herd breaking loose, I guarantee he knew where it was going to come out. And he was one of those cowboys who always had his rope down and was so slick you couldn’t catch him at it. But, any young cowboy is going to slip off and rope something once in a while; they just don’t make them who don’t.” One thing that has changed in the last few years is the attitude of many of the young men looking for jobs on ranches. While Douglas things there’s a number of good men coming on, too many aren’t prepared mentally to handle the long hours and time away from town. They want weekends off, he says, and many arrive at the ranch accompanied by dogs—not an advisable practice. “They kinda got me fooled,” quips Douglas. “A lot of them look like they can handle themselves—you know, they’ve got the earmark of a cowboy. They have good boots and good hats, but I can usually tell if they’re a hand when they drag out their saddle and bedroll. Most of the good cowboys around here have custom saddles.” Morton remarks that instead of the usual cowboy bedroll consisting of a tarp and quilts, the inexperienced man will arrive with a bright-orange, down sleeping bag. Should a young man pass the test, though, there’s ample reward for his efforts. What happened to Gary Morton can happen to anyone. Morton stuck out the initiation and stayed with it until his anxieties melted. He believes, “If you do it long enough to find the love for it—and some people keep at it but never find the love—you’ll never be able to get it out of your head. The more you cowboy, the more appetite you get. “Just ropin’ your first wild cow can get you loving it. That’s got to be a highlight in a cowboy’s life, and it sure is in mine. For me, it happened during the fall works one year when the ranch had bought some additional land and had pastured 4,000 old Mexico steers on it. These animals had rarely seen a cowboy before, and they were wild, plenty wild, wild as deer, they were. “The first time we made a gatherin’, it was in rough ol’ country and there were 1000 head in this one pasture. It took 15 of us the better part of a day to gather 147 of them wild steers, and that should tell you how spooky they were. “I was riding a bronc then that had never been roped off, other than when I just sort of played with a rope a few times. Leo Turner and I were going down a rough canyon and wham, we jumped two steers, and as soon as they took off I knew we were going to have to rope and tie them down. I was sure leary about doing it, though, because you have your doubts the first time you rope off a green horse. “We got to running down this canyon, and I remember crossing one place that was about as big as this room, and there were two big rocks sort of blocking the way with only a small slot between them to squeeze through. This ol’ horse and I were flyin’, and I mean flyin’—I was over-and-underin’ him—but somehow we made it thorugh those rocks. “As soon as we passed that place, Leo hollered, ‘I’m going to catch this one,’ and the steers split. I knew Leo was going to make his catch and I was hoping I could do the same. My steer came out of the brush into this little opening and I had my chance. “Well, my horse did real well, but there was that brief moment, tied on hard and fast, when I threw the loop and jerked the slack and said to myself, ‘Pitch it to the wind.’ We got the steers, both of ‘em, and later loaded ‘em into a trailer. Pretty wild west. That’s what the cowboy lives for, the wild chases and the recklessness of it all.” Morton has dreams of more such adventures. He’s worked from nothing up, and holding down the wagon boss job on a respected ranch like the Bell is a tough act to follow. What he’d like to do is take another wagon boss job and have the freedom to run the crew as he’d like. He wants to employ the chuck wagon as it was many years ago, and do less trailering to and from distant points on the ranch. He wants to hire a crew of good hands and work them with respect and ability. Ultimately, he’d like to step from the wagon boss job into a ranch manger’s boots, but that’s a feat not often done. Not many cowboys can make the transition from taking to giving orders. What Morton has his sights on may not seem out of line, but weigh in the fact that many of the big ranches are dying, not growing, and you realize Morton could well be shooting for the moon. And no one likes to see a man chase a falling star. Gary Morton glances down at the one leg he’s crossed up over the other. He thoughtfully lays his hand on the worn area—rubbed black from spurs—just above the boot heels. “You don’t see many truck drivers with high heels,” he says, looking up. “He might wear his pants outside his boots or in, but you look at those heels and you can tell if he’s a ridin’ man. I read once: ‘His boots are a mark of distinction. A sign that the wearer is a ridin’ man.’” This article was originally published in the July 1978 issue of Western Horseman.

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2024-04-15T03:55:07Z

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Antiviral Essential Oils Now’s the time for us all to start talking about Antiviral Essential Oils! It’s winter, so it’s also cold and flu season. Colds and flu, (aka influenza), are viral infections. And, because colds and flu are viral they present us with more of an issue than bacterial infections… sadly, modern medicine has very little to offer us when it comes to treating viruses… But, thankfully, Mother Nature, alongside our own beautiful natural immune system, can do a really decent job of seeing off most pathogens. Plus, antiviral essential oils used in conjunction with Food Grade Organic Nigella Sativa Oil are even more effective. (Nigella Sativa Oil can protect our heart, lungs and blood vessels from tissue damage when infected with spike proteins.) Hopefully this article will bring a much needed sense of hope and calm to many people. Essential Oils Have Got Us Covered There are also several Wild As The Wind antiviral essential oil blends available, so I’ll mention these first… But, if you are in a hurry, just skip this section written in green to got straight to the list of antiviral essential oils. One is suitable for topical application straight out of the bottle: Thieves Oil 2020. It is ideal for adults and children of five years and above. There is also a pure essential oil option containing all of the same aromatherapy oils as Thieves Oil 2022. This is simply called: Thieves Essential Oil 2022 In addition, there is also another pure essential oil option, Thieves Comprehensive Essential Oil, which is suitable for adults and children of two years and above. As it’s not advisable to use the same essential oils consistently, day after day, for long periods of time, both Thieves Essential Oil 2022 and Thieves Comprehensive Essential Oil can be alternated with each other to ensure continued protections. In the very important article, Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, the process through which our immune system can overwhelm us is explained, resulting in life-threatening outcomes, when trying to fight off a viral infection. An immune response is also an inflammatory response, so anti-inflammatory essential oils are very important for viral infections. Wild As The Wind Deep Calm Essential Oil Blend is an optimal aromatherapy oil combination to cool the fires of inflammation in our bodies. The majority of the aromatherapy oils used to make the Wild As The Wind Deep Calm Essential Oil Blend are antiviral as well as anti-inflammatory and immuno-supportive. Deep Calm Essential Oil Blend may help with chronic inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions ranging from digestive disorders, respiratory conditions & allergies to chemical sensitivity, cytokine storms, anxiety & depression, chronic immune activation and trauma… Learn more about essential oils in these important articles: - Essential Oils - Essential Oil Adulteration - Organic Essential Oils - Essential Oil First Aid Kit - Essential Oils UK To learn more about Anti-Viral Essential Oils read on… Antiviral Essential Oils The Antiviral Essential Oils listed in this article are a great defence against viral infections, including Covid-19, and using them is an effective way of mitigating infection… but there are other things we can do… Read Corona Virus Prevention & Cures for more information after reading this article. It is particularly important to share this hope-inducing article, because the mainstream press are telling us, rather hopelessly, the only thing we can do is wait for a vaccine, and, of course, this is causing panic, which will only serve to lower immunity. IMPORTANT :: Due to repeated requests for the same information around coronavirus, Thieves Oil 2020 and antiviral essential oils an FAQ page has been created. If you have a question which isn’t covered in the FAQ answers please ask it in the comments on the FAQ page by following this link :: Anti-Virus Essential Oils FAQ’s Antiviral Essential Oils Work Mainstream news, and the tabloids are printing stories saying that Essential Oils cannot protect us against viruses. This is profoundly irresponsible! And will potentially prove to be criminally negligent…? Sadly, we are being misinformed The following quote is from a government website: EOs from two different suppliers) were active against the fourteen Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria strains tested, including some antibiotic‐resistant strains. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 0.01% to 3% v/v with minimal bactericidal concentrations from <0.01% to 6.00% v/v; (2) a blend of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Daucus carota, Syzygium aromaticum, Origanum vulgare EOs was antifungal to the six Candida strains tested, with MICs ranging from 0.01% to 0.05% v/v with minimal fungicidal concentrations from 0.02% to 0.05% v/v. Blend AB1 was also effective against H1N1 and HSV1 viruses. With this dual activity, against H1N1 and against S. aureus and S. pneumoniaenotably, AB1 may be interesting to treat influenza and postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia infections. These blends could be very useful in clinical practice to combat common infections including those caused by microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial drugs. There are, of course, many viruses… and there’s little financial impetus to test… but here’s a slew of different research which is revealing all sorts of anti-viral activity within essential oils. Thankfully Science Direct have produced the following report exemplifying why essential oils are so effective against many viruses: An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses Who Is Most At Risk? Those over 50 years of age, and those who smoke or who drink heavily, or have sugar and grain addictions are much more susceptible to viral infection, and are more likely to contract a fatal dose of the Covid-19 virus. This is because Corona Virus specifically targets the lungs, and can replicate faster in an acid environment within the body… hence why alcohol, sugar and grains are an issue. Also included :: herbal and supplement protocol advice at the end of this article. Antiviral Essential Oils UK There are a good number of anti-viral essential oils available in the UK and the rest of the world, all of which are extremely effective, and, mercifully, very affordable. The real beauty of the best anti-viral essential oils is they are heavily anti-bacterial as well as some of them being nervines. However, unlike antibiotics, antibacterial and anti-viral essential oils only kill the bad bacteria without harming the vitally important good bacteria which helps us digest our food and forms 80% of our immune system. Good bacteria, yeasts and viruses all contribute to our gut health, which is what forms 80% of immune system. So, to understand the importance of good bacteria and good viruses, and why the health of our digestion is the foundation of our overall health, please read the article, Gut Health. IMPORTANT :: Not all essential oils are created equal. Anywhere between 75% and 98% of all essential oils are adulterated, This means they are stripped of their therapeutic benefits and are often rendered toxic. Only buy essential oils you can trust. In Buy Essential Oils UK I highlight what to avoid. ***ALL Wild As The Wind Essential Oils are of therapeutic quality. Lavender Essential Oil is a very potent and diverse healer with anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties. It is also a nevine, with the potential to help protect the Central Nervous System. Lavender Essential Oil is one of the very few antiviral essential oils suitable for babies, toddlers and children. It must be diluted to very low percentages. Refer to Essential Oils Safety For Babies & Children Corona Virus is now being shown to affect the Central Nervous System… :: A Beijing Hospital Confirms Covid-19 Attacks Central Nervous System Other nervine essential oils include: Chamomile Essential Oil :: Is both sedative, as well as a nervine, which also alleviates insomnia. Clary Sage Essential Oil: Is both sedative and nervine, used for nervous tension, panic, depression, but also has analgesic anti-cramping abilities also. Geranium Essential Oil: Is a nervine with an immensely calming aroma. Marjoram Essential Oil: A sedative and nervine, which is used for anxiety, insomnia Peppermint Essential Oil: Is a nervine, used for panic and depression. Vetiver Essential Oil: Is both sedative and nervine, and assists with insomnia. Also, remove these as much as possible: - Non-natural cleaning products - Non-natural skincare, personal hygiene products and toiletries are also toxic to our Central Nervous System. - Hormone disrupting toxins must also be avoided for Central Nervous System health. - Heavy Metals damage our Central Nervous System health. - Wireless technologies It is believed wireless technologies undermines our immune health by 40%! To learn more about natural protocols for Central Nervous System health visit Corona Virus Prevention & Cures Copaiba Aromatherapy Oil is one of the best antiviral essential oils for young children. It is safe for use from 6 months. Plus, Copaiba Balsam Essential Oil is a great alternative to Hemp Essential Oil, which is also featured later on in this list. Copaiba and Hemp contain endocannabinoids which help to regulate and balance many processes within the body. ‘Endo’ refers to our hormonal system. However, whilst Copaiba Aromatherapy Oil attaches to our body-wide CB2 receptors in the same way Hemp Essential Oil does, it does not attach to our cerebral CB1 receptors. Hemp Essential Oil attaches to both. Copaiba also works to suppress inflammatory cytokines and so will ease viral symptoms. Aromatically Copaiba is very neutral whereas Hemp is very pungently herbaceous. For dosage information please visit the specific product pages in the Wild As The Wind Shop. The individual Wild As The Wind Shop product page links are as follows: Cistus, or Rock Rose, is extremely antiviral. It also supports the respiratory system by ridding it of excess mucus and blockages. Cistus Essential Oil can treat colds, coughs, bronchitis, flu and asthma. This is an incredibly important essential oil, but it is one of the more pricey, costing more than Hemp Essential Oil, known for it’s CBD content. In an effort to offer an affordable option Wild As The Wind sell an ethically sourced Cistus Essential Oil. For those of you who are determined to support organic producers there’s also a Wild As The Wind Organic Cistus Essential Oil. Just for the record, out of all of the essential oils in this list for viral infection and respiratory support, this is the one I choose for myself. I also use Thieves Oil 2020 regularly, as well as Lavender Essential Oil and Rosemary Essential Oil. I also drink Organic Sweet Orange Essential Oil in my water… one drop per glass up to three times a day, sometimes warm, sometimes cold. ***It is safe to use up to twelve drops of essnetial oil in any combination per day. For more information about essential oil safety please refer to Using Essential Oils. Tea Tree Antiviral Essential Oil Perhaps the most commonly known antiviral essential oil is Tea Tree Essential Oil. This essential oil, which is also known as Ti Tree Essential Oil or Melaleuca Essential Oil, is an absolute powerhouse of healing, but is gentle enough to be used on young children. Tea Tree Essential Oil, like Lavender Essential Oil, and Copaiba Balsam Essential Oil, is one of the very few antiviral essential oils suitable for babies, toddlers and children. It must be diluted to very low percentages. Refer to Essential Oils SafetyFor Babies & Children Tea Tree Essential Oil is not only an anti-viral essential oil. It is also antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-parasitic. These are the main four ways in which we become infected, and so Tea Tree Essential Oil is a great panacea for pretty much all of the most apparent health threats that exist today. Unfortunately, the creation of Super Bugs and Super Viruses, means that in extreme cases, the power of Tea Tree can be overwhelmed. In those instances, it’s time to bring in the ‘big guns’! Oregano Essential Oil is, without doubt the most potent anti-viral essential oil available, but like Tea Tree Essential Oil, Oregano Essential Oil is also antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-parasitic, but in a more potent form. And, Oregano Essential Oil contains a good amount of Phenols, so it is brilliant for detoxing hormone receptor sites of toxic synthetic hormones which are present in modern fabrics, home furnishings and plastics, which seriously compromise our health. Our hormones are chemical messengers which maintain the fine balance of our bodily functions, keeping everything in balance. Any challenge to our hormones will ensure a deterioration in our overall health. For more information read Hormone Disrupting Substances & Cures The gorgeous smelling Cinnamon Essential Oil is another aromatherapy oil which is a potent anti-viral essential oil that is also antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-parasitic. Cinnamon Essential Oil is also immune boosting, and so is a great preventative as well as a great cure for most of the common infections we’re likely to contract. Another gorgeous smelling aromatherapy oil, Clove Essential Oil is another potent anti-viral essential oil that is also antibacterial, anti-fungal and anti-parasitic. Clove Essential Oil is also homeostasis supporting aromatherapy oil, and so, just like Cinnamon Essential Oil, it is a great preventative as well as a great cure for most of the common infections we’re likely to contract. In the world of aromatherapy, the combining of aromatherapy oils makes these healing oils more potent. The combining of Clove Essential Oil with Rosemary Essential Oil is a very good example of this. Rosemary Aromatherapy Oil is another anti-viral essential oil with antibacterial, anti-fungal and antimicrobial actions. Thyme Essential Oil is yet another anti-viral essential oil with antibacterial, anti-fungal and antimicrobial actions, as well as being a great immune-boosting tonic! Thyme Aromatherapy Essential Oil comes in different chemotypes. Thyme White Essential Oil is more antioxidant but can irritate the skin in some cases. Thyme Red Essential Oil or Sweet Thyme Essential Oil is less irritating to the skin. Thyme Aromatherapy Oil is also vitally important for hormone balance… as is Clary Sage Aromatherapy Oil. Very Affordable Antiviral Essential Oils Two of the most affordable essential oils in the Wild As the Wind essential oil range are two of the most affordable antiviral essential oils in the world. Gurjum Essential Oil is a profound healer that shares many of the expansive healing properties of Copaiba Essential Oil. Gurjum Essential Oil should be in EVERYONE”S first aid kit! Palmarosa Essential Oil is another profoundly healing essential oil which deserves a place in everyone’s first aid kit! Not only is Palmarosa Essential Oil an antiviral aromatherapy oil, but it is also a very important anti-ageing ingredient used in many cosmetic products.. Sweet Basil Essential Oil is antiviral, antimicrobial as well as being a potent antioxidant. Like Oregano Essential Oil it contains Eugenol, and thus should not be used consistently. Essential oils containing Eugenol require regular breaks to allow the body to detox this bio-accumulative constituent. Several of the above aromatherapy oils are in a Wild As The Wind essential oil mentioned earlier Thieves Oil 2020. Clary Sage Aromatherapy Oil is not an anti-viral, but it is vital for hormonal health and it blends brilliantly with most of the above oils. It is also a nervine, which protects the nervous system from the adverse effects of viral infections. It is profoundly antibacterial, but it’s also a natural sedative and analgesic, so it’s great for when you have the flu and need a good nights sleep to help you recover. Getting enough sleep is THE best way to stay well and heal when we get unwell! Other Important Aromatherapy Oils Frankincense Essential Oil is an amazingly healing oil, which is great for pain and as an immuno-stimulant! Prevention is better than cure! Research has shown Frankincense Essential Oils calms cytokine storms (viral symptoms) and increases activity of white blood cells. Sweet Orange Essential Oil is uplifting, antibacterial, and a great tonic. It can be taken internally to recondition the digestive track, and it is profoundly antibacterial. Sweet Orange Aromatherapy Oil is a great one for using during illness, but will help support our immunity all year round. Sweet Orange Essential Oil can be used continuously for long periods… but, it is always good to take a break from everything every now and then… Everything will ultimately prove toxic with over use… it’s why we vary our diets, and change shampoo brands etc… Hemp Essential Oil plays a vitally important role in ensuring optimal immunity. The cannabinoids in Hemp Essential Oil modulate macrophages which clear out pathogens and toxins. Because we have cannabinoid receptors in every part of our body, taking Hemp Essential Oil, with it’s full spectrum cannabinoids is one of the most fortifying things for our immune system there is. Learn What’s Really Going On With Viruses Viruses are actually not alive… This is why most of the advice we are being given is bogus. This doesn’t mean they can’t make us ill. Read this article to find out more and then come back here for some really important herbal and dietary supplements we can take to prevent infection and seeing off Corona virus if we do get it. Aromatherapy Oil Blends For Preventing Viral Infection Obviously using aromatherapy oils, or essential oils, is an excellent way of preventing viral infection as well as treating the infections themselves, but it is important that we take a good break from Eugenol containing aromatherapy oils, and those containing Phenols, especially if we are taking them internally. ***This is the main reason why I advocate the use of pre-blended aromatherapy oils for those that are new to essential oils. There’s two Wild As The Wind blended products which I would advise people to use as a great preventative as well as treatment for viral and bacterial infections, as well as immune-boosting support, and these are… Thieves Oil was the name given to grave robbers who operated during the time of the black death… a viral infection which almost certainly resulted in death. The thieves who had direct contact with the virus on a daily basis thwarted infection owing to their secret blend of essential oils. It was only after they were caught and forced to reveal their recipe did anyone get to learn of this healing and preventative combination of aromatherapy oils. Additional Natural Protocols To Stay Well This section has now been moved to a dedicated Corona Virus article because this one is already quite long enough! To learn more about natural protocols for Central Nervous System health and Corona Virus prevention and management visit :: Corona Virus Prevention & Cures The information provided is not intended to replace the medical directives of your healthcare provider. This information is not meant for the diagnosis of health issues. If you are pregnant, have serious or multiple health concerns, consult with your healthcare provider before using essential oils or associated products. If you experience any complications or adverse reactions contact your healthcare provider. Deepen your knowledge by using the Wild As The Wind Recommended Resources Another resource you may find useful can be found by following the link below. *Please note, I use sources from the Recommended Resources list as well as sources from the Healthcare and Skincare Information Sources list when researching articles for the Wild As The Wind Blog. Wild As The Wind use a number of resources when deciding which essential oil formulas to put together for optimal healing and efficacy, as well as to support any health claims we may make. We use the industry ‘bible’ on essential oil safety: Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals [2nd Edition] by Robert Tisserand and Rodney Young, to establish the safety of the Wild As The Wind formulations. Many of the scientific studies used to inform the claims made on this website are via GreenMedInfo, as well as via Dr. Josh Axe, Ty Bollinger on the Truth About Cancer website as well as, on the odd occasion, Dr. Eric Zielinski Other resources include: - Robert Tisserand - Dr. Robert Pappas - Dr. Mercola

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How To Improve Your Debt Improving your DTI comes down to doing one of two things : Increasing your income or reducing your debt. On the income side, there are some things you can do try to raise your gross pay. The options include: - Negotiating a raise at work - Taking a second job or part-time job - Starting one or more side hustles You can also generate income through investments. For example, investing in dividend-paying stocks could help you to create a passive income stream. Real estate can also provide passive income if youre earning dividends from a real estate investment trust . Investing in rental property can also provide monthly income but it can be more hands-on than owning REITs or real estate ETFs in your portfolio. If youre interested in reducing debt, you could start by making it more affordable. Refinancing a mortgage or student loans or consolidating high-interest credit card debt, for example, could allow you to pay more toward the principal each month and less in interest. That could help you to pay back what you owe at a faster pace. A positive side effect of reducing your debt is that it may also raise your credit score. That can be a win-win if youre hoping to get approved for a mortgage or another loan and youre angling for the best interest rates. How To Use Our Debt If your housing-related monthly debts are below 28%, you may qualify for a larger loan amount than originally expected If your total debts are above 36%, it may explain why you werent approved despite good credit If your DTI is 50% or above, you may have to pay down a substantial portion of your debts before you can purchase a home Add Up Your Monthly Debt Payments Once you’ve determined your monthly gross income, you can focus on your monthly debt payments. This is the money that’s taken out of your paycheck each month. Expenses like groceries and utilities generally are not included. Once you’ve figured out all of your monthly debts, take the sum of each value. Example: You owe $1,000 in rent, $300 in student loans and $100 for a credit card payment. You would then add 1,000, 300 and 100. This would result in monthly debt payments of $1,400. $1,000 + $300 + $100 = $1,400 Read Also: Forclosed Homes For Sale How To Calculate Dti Ratio Calculating your debt-to-income ratio will help you and potential lenders determine your financial standing. To perform this calculation, you need to know your gross income and how many monthly debt payments you’re making. For example, your rent, student loan payments or child support payments would fall into this category. Use these to calculate your DTI ratio with the following steps: Add Up Your Monthly Debts The first step toward calculating your debt-to-income ratio is adding up all your monthly debt payments. For fixed-payment loans like rent, an auto loan or a personal loan, you will use your regular monthly payment. Use your minimum monthly payment for variable payments such as credit card payments or a home equity line of credit. Your monthly debts will include any debts listed on your credit report. For your mortgage payment, you will calculate with the full PITI . This will be your regular monthly payment if you escrow your taxes and insurance. If you dont escrow, your lender will likely take your annual tax and insurance payments, divide them by 12 and include them as part of your mortgage payment for purposes of DTI calculation. Here is an example of what it could look like after considering these monthly debts: - Mortgage: $1,600 - Minimum credit card payments: $300 - Student loan: $200 You May Like: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Debt Collection Why Is My Debt Your debt-to-income ratio can affect your ability to qualify for a loan or a mortgage. It seems daunting but lenders do use it as a preliminary measurement to make sure youre not pushing yourself too far. The goal is to borrow money to improve your life, not put you at risk of deep debt. Similar to those with a bad credit score, lenders see those with a high debt-to-income ratio as more likely to run into trouble making monthly payments. What Is Gross Monthly Income Your gross monthly income is the sum of everything you earn in one month, before taxes or deductions. This includes your base monthly income and any additional commissions, bonuses, tips and investment income that you earn each month. To calculate your gross monthly income, take your total annual income and divide it by 12. If you’re hourly, you can multiply your hourly wage by how many hours a week you work, then multiply that number by 52 to get your annual salary. Divide your annual salary by 12 to get your gross monthly income. Recommended Reading: Did Toys R Us File Bankruptcy What Is A Debt To Income Ratio This figure is used by creditors, lenders, and credit reporting agencies as part of the formula to determine your creditworthiness. This is not the only criteria they use, but it is taken into account. Someone with a high debt-to- income ratio may be seen as a high risk, and may have trouble obtaining credit or a loan. If they do get approved, the terms may not be as favorable as someone with a lower debt to income ratio. Why Your Dti Is So Important First of all, it’s desirable to have as low a DTI figure as possible. After all, the less you owe relative to your income, the more money you have to apply toward other endeavors . It also means that you have some breathing room, and lenders hate to service consumers who are living on a tight budget and struggling to stay afloat. But your DTI is also a crucial factor in figuring out how much house you can truly afford. When lenders evaluate your situation, they look at both the front ratio and the back ratio. Recommended Reading: How To Find A Good Bankruptcy Lawyer Wells Fargo Credit Score Standards You generally qualify for the best rates, depending on debt-to-income ratio and collateral value. You typically qualify for credit, depending on DTI and collateral value, but may not get the best rates. You may have more difficulty obtaining credit, and will likely pay higher rates for it. 620 & below, Poor You may have difficulty obtaining unsecured credit. No credit score You may not have built up enough credit to calculate a score, or your credit has been inactive for some time. Pay More Than The Minimum Pay off your debt and save on interest by paying more than the minimum every month. The key is to make extra payments consistently so you can pay off your loan more quickly. Some lenders allow you to make an extra payment each month specifying that each extra payment goes toward the principal. Before you begin, check the terms of your loan to determine whether additional fees or prepayment penalties may apply. Don’t Miss: How To File For Bankruptcy In Oregon What Is Considered A Good Dti Ratio What counts as a good DTI will depend on what type of loan you want. Some lenders allow a higher DTI, while others require a lower cut-off. In general, lenders prefer that your back-end ratio not exceed 36%. That means if you earn $5,000 in monthly gross income, your total debt obligations should be $1,800 or less. However, some lenders might make an exception if you have excellent credit. In fact, its possible to qualify for a loan with up to a 50% DTI as long as youre an otherwise highly qualified borrower. Mortgage lenders, in particular, tend to have more hard-and-fast rules. They typically prefer a front-end DTI of 28% or less. That means your mortgage payments cant be any higher than 28% of your gross monthly income. So if you take home $5,000 per month, your mortgage payments shouldnt be any higher than $1,400. On the other hand, conventional mortgage lenders, as well as FHA and USDA lenders, will typically allow a back-end DTI of up to 43%, giving your budget a little more wiggle room. VA loans usually require a back-end DTI of 41% or less. Knowing your front-end and back-end DTI can help you figure out how much house you can afford. If you apply for a mortgage and the payments would cause you to exceed either of these DTI requirements, you may have to go with a smaller loan or could be denied a loan altogether. Does My Dti Influence My Credit Score Your debt-to-income ratio does not influence your . It simply gives you a way to see how much of your income each month has to go toward repaying your recurring debt. Having a high DTI doesnt necessarily mean that your credit score will be low, provided youre making the minimum payments on time each month. Recommended Reading: What Does Bankruptcy Dismissed Mean On A Credit Report Need Help To Lower Your Dti Ratio Your DTI is an important tool in determining your financial standing. If youre struggling to come up with ways to lower your ratio or are looking for financial guidance, our expert coaches can help you. Contact us today to learn more about how our Debt Management Plans can help you take control of your debt payments. About The Author Melinda Opperman is an exceptional educator who lives and breathes the creation and implementation of innovative ways to motivate and educate community members and students about financial literacy. Melinda joined credit.org in 2003 and has over two decades of experience in the industry. How To Use Debt Your debt-to-income ratio or DTI represents the amount of your income that goes to debt repayment each month. So why does that matter? For one thing, debt to income can be an important factor in determining whether you qualify for certain loans. If youre trying to buy a home, for instance, lenders will calculate your DTI when determining mortgage approval. For another, a lower debt-to-income ratio means you may have more money to save and invest for the future. If youre not sure how much of your income goes to debt each month, heres how to calculate it. Working with a financial advisor could help you create and execute a financial plan for your needs and goals. Also Check: Auto Loans For People With Bankruptcy Tuesday Tip: How To Calculate Your Debt Do you know what your debt-to-income ratio is? Do you know why its an important figure? Well, lenders and credit reporting agencies will use this figure as part of the criteria for determining your creditworthiness. Our advice is for you to work towards making it as low as possible. It could mean the difference between obtaining credit or not. American Consumer Credit Counseling is here to de-mystify the debt-to-income ratio. How Can I Get A Better Dti Ratio Fast Think of your DTI ratio as a literal fraction with your debt on top and your income on the bottom. The only way to get a better DTI is to either increase the bottom number or reduce the top . Getting a raise or paying off debts in big chunks are great ways to improve your DTI ratio as fast as possible. Also Check: Liquidation Stores Charlotte Nc The Factors That Make Up A Debt The debt-to-income ratio is made up of two factors: the front-end ratio and the back-end ratio. Front-End Ratio This is also called the housing ratio. This shows what percentage of your monthly income goes to your housing expenses. This ratio includes your monthly mortgage payment, property taxes, homeowners insurance, and homeowners association dues. Back-End Ratio This ratio is all about your other debt typesyour other monthly debt obligations. This includes credit card or car loans, ongoing student loans, child support or alimony, or any other monthly debt that shows up in your credit report. Also Check: Why Did Pg& e Filed Bankruptcy Should I Apply For A Home Loan With A High Dti In limited instances, high debt-to-income ratios mean lenders may be less willing to give you a mortgage loan or may ask you to pay a higher interest rate for the loan, costing you more money. While you can still apply for and receive a mortgage loan with a high DTI, its best to look for ways to lower the ratio if possible so you can get a better interest rate. Read Also: How Does Bankruptcy Affect Tax Filing How To Improve Your Dti If the calculator shows a DTI over 36%, dont be too discouraged: you may still have options. And knowing where you stand before filling out a mortgage application can save you a lot of time, money and heartache. Achieve a lower debt-to-income ratio by: Avoiding new debt Increasing your income with a side hustle Reducing expenses and using the extra cash to pay off debts Debt-to-income ratio is different than , which measures how much credit youre using versus how much is available to you. But reducing credit utilization will typically improve your DTI. What Factors Make Up A Dti Ratio - Front-end ratio: also called the housing ratio, shows what percentage of your monthly gross income would go toward your housing expenses, including your monthly mortgage payment, property taxes, homeowners insurance and homeowners association dues. - Back-end ratio: shows what portion of your income is needed to cover all of your monthly debt obligations, plus your mortgage payments and housing expenses. This includes credit card bills, car loans, child support, student loans and any other revolving debt that shows on your credit report. Also Check: When Will My Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Be Discharged Multiply That Number By 100 To Get A Percentageand Thats Your Debt Lets look at an example: Bob pays $600 a month in minimum debt payments plus $1,000 per month for his mortgage payment. Before taxes, Bob brings home $5,000 a month. To calculate his DTI, add up his monthly debt and mortgage payments and divide it by his gross monthly income to get 0.32. Multiply that by 100 to get a percentage. So, Bobs debt-to-income ratio is 32%. Now, its your turn. Plug your numbers into our debt-to-income ratio calculator above and see where you stand. How Lenders View Your Debt Now that you know how a debt-to-income ratio is calculated, you might be wondering what lenders think of your score. The criteria can vary from lender to lender, but heres a general breakdown of the industry standards: DTI less than 36%Lenders view a DTI under 36% as good, meaning they think you can manage your current debt payments and handle taking on an additional loan. DTI between 3643%In this range, lenders get nervous that adding another loan payment to your plate might be challenging, especially if an emergency pops up. You wont necessarily get turned down for another loan, but lenders will proceed with caution. DTI between 4350%When your DTI gets to this level, youre almost too risky for lenders, and you may not be able to get a loan. DTI over 50%At this point, youre in the danger zone, and lenders probably wont lend you money. With a DTI ratio over 50%, that means over half of your monthly income is going to pay debt. Add in normal living expenses, like groceries and insurance, and theres not much left over for saving or covering an emergencyand another loan could tip you over the edge. Read Also: How To File For Bankruptcy Chapter 7 In Ny Add Up All The Minimum Payments You Make Toward Debt In An Average Month Plus Your Mortgage Payment You dont need to factor in common living expenses or paycheck deductions contributions). But you should include all types of debt, like: Mortgage payments Personal loans Timeshare payments Youll also include recurring monthly paymentslike rent, child support or alimonyeven though they arent technically considered debt. Confusing? We get it . But think about it like thisto get an accurate picture of how much youre spending each month, lenders look at more than just your debt to decide if theyll approve you for new credit. So, to sum it up, include all your monthly minimum debt payments and recurring or legally binding payments in your debt-to-income ratiobut not basic monthly bills. Our Standards For Debt Once youve calculated your DTI ratio, youll want to understand how lenders review it when they’re considering your application. Take a look at the guidelines we use: 35% or less: Looking Good – Relative to your income, your debt is at a manageable level You most likely have money left over for saving or spending after youve paid your bills. Lenders generally view a lower DTI as favorable. 36% to 49%: Opportunity to improve Youre managing your debt adequately, but you may want to consider lowering your DTI. This may put you in a better position to handle unforeseen expenses. If youre looking to borrow, keep in mind that lenders may ask for additional eligibility criteria. 50% or more: Take Action – You may have limited funds to save or spend With more than half your income going toward debt payments, you may not have much money left to save, spend, or handle unforeseen expenses. With this DTI ratio, lenders may limit your borrowing options. You May Like: Auctions Close To Me How To Get Your Credit Report And Credit Score You can request your credit report at no cost once a year from the top 3 credit reporting agencies Equifax®, Experian®, and TransUnion® through annualcreditreport.com. When you get your report, review it carefully to make sure your credit history is accurate and free from errors. It is important to understand that your free annual credit report may not include your credit score, and a reporting agency may charge a fee for your credit score. Did you know? Eligible Wells Fargo customers can easily access their FICO® Credit Score through Wells Fargo Online® – plus tools tips, and much more. Learn how to access your FICO Score. Don’t worry, requesting your score or reports in these ways won’t affect your score.

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2024-04-15T02:39:56Z

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Terms and Conditions of Use Applicable to the Cineve Streaming Service These Terms and Conditions took effect from 1 August 2020. 1. General Provisions 1.1. These Terms and Conditions of Use apply to the use of the service of the streaming portal Cineve, owned by the company Unlimited Media OÜ (hereinafter the “Service”). 1.2. By using the Service, you agree to abide by these Terms and Conditions of Use. Unlimited Media retains the right to change these Terms and Conditions of Use at any time at its sole discretion. Such changes will take effect when published on the website of the streaming portal Cineve (hereinafter the “Website”), or when presented to you in some other appropriate manner. Your continued use of the Service after such changes will also mean that you agree to abide by the Terms and Conditions of Use. Visit the Website regularly to check if the Terms and Conditions of Use have been changed. If you do not agree to abide by these Terms and Conditions of Use, you may not use the Service or access content. 1.3. Translations of these Terms and Conditions of Use from English into other languages are for your convenience of use, and such translations are not deemed effective as an agreement. The English version is superseding at any time, and constitutes the only applicable version of the agreement or Terms and Conditions of Use. 2. Service Provider 2.1. The service provider is the company Unlimited Media OÜ (hereinafter “Unlimited Media”). Registry code: 11533544. Address Laki 14a, Tallinn 2.2. The Service provision region is the Baltic States: the territories of the Republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. 2.3. The Service provider may change the Service provision region according to the licence conditions of the content provided. 3.1. The Service is an entertaining streaming service (Video-on-Demand), by means of which Unlimited Media makes accessible and digitally distributes films, TV shows, and other media content (hereinafter collectively and individually the “Content”) to individual users for personal use according to these Terms and Conditions of Use. 3.2. Depending on what part of the Service you have subscribed to, you can choose between different Content and functions, and times of use. 3.3. A part of the Service is available only for a charge, other parts are available for free. The charges for the different parts of the Service apply as provided on our Website or elsewhere in the Service at the time you subscribe to the Service or to a part of it. 3.4. You must pay for the Service according to the instructions provided on our Website or elsewhere in the Service at the time you subscribe to the Service or to a part of it. 3.5. The subscription period and termination of the part of the Service you have subscribed to corresponds to the information provided on the Website or elsewhere in the Service at the time you subscribe to the Service or to a part of it. 3.6. Unlimited Media may change the Content selection at any time, while not being obliged to inform the user about this. You agree that the Content, which is available at the time you subscribe to the Service or to a part of it, may not be available later on. 3.7. Further information about the Service, its charges and different functions can be found on the Website. 4. Instructions of Use of the Service 4.1. To use the Service, you must select film watching on the Website; while doing so, you must agree to abide by the instructions of use of Unlimited Media. 4.2. To use the Service, you also need appropriate hardware, software, and a proper internet connection; all the conditions are provided in clause 5 of these Terms and Conditions: Technical Requirements for the Use of the Service. Unlimited Media is not responsible for ensuring such hardware, software, and internet connection. 4.3. To use a chargeable part of the Service, you must register using a valid e-mail address, Facebook account, or Google account, while Unlimited Media retains the right to check and verify its validity at any time. 4.4. If you are under 18 years of age, you must have your parent’s or caregiver’s permission to use the Service. By using the Service, you confirm being at least 18 years old, or that you have your parent’s, guardian’s, or caregiver’s permission to use the Service. Parents should be aware of what their children are doing on the internet. 5. Technical Requirements for the Use of the Service 5.1. To use the Website Services, you need an internet connection with a download speed of at least 1 Mbit/sec with 5 Mbit/sec being optimal, and the systems of the device you use must satisfy the following technical requirements: 5.2. Minimum hardware requirements: 5.2.1. Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 5.2.2. RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) 5.2.3. Graphics: DirectX 9 or later 5.2.4. Screen: 800 x 600 5.3. Minimum software requirements: 5.3.1. Operating system 220.127.116.11. Windows 7 or MacOS 10 (or a later version) if you are using a computer 18.104.22.168. Android 7.0 or ios 10 (or a later version) if you are using a smart phone or a tablet 5.3.2. Web browser 22.214.171.124. Safari 6, Google Chrome 35, Internet Explorer 10, Firefox 28 (or a later version) 5.4. Configuration subject to minimum requirements will not ensure playback of videos with HD quality. To test your hardware, first watch trailers or free content. 6. Service Subscription 6.1. You can subscribe to the Service in 2 ways – on a pay-per-view basis (rent 1 film for 48 hours), or on a subscription basis (a library for 7 or 30 days). Please note! The library does not include all the films available on the Cineve Website. This is mainly so because for some films, there is no licence for subscription video on demand (SVOD). 6.2. The films available on the Website are grouped under categories, you can find the price of the film next to the film description. Each film also has a label showing in what way it can be streamed (pay-per-view basis, library/subscription basis, or for free with ads). 6.3. The price of pay-per-view rental is shown right next to the relevant button, the prices of subscription based rentals can be found in the pop-up window, which appears at the time of subscription and allows you to choose the desired rental period. 6.4. All prices are in euros, and include all the taxes applicable to you. 6.5. Unlimited Media may change the selection and price of films without prior notification. Subscription to a film you choose is calculated based on the current price. 7. Payment for Subscription 7.1. The use of a chargeable Service requires registration on the Website. You can do this using your e-mail address, or your Facebook or Google account. 7.2. Payment is charged in a secure environment of the payment service provider outside Cineve’s Website according with the Cineve Terms and Conditions of Sale located on the Website by a separate link (https://cineve.iconcept.lv/en/terms-of-sales/). 7.3. The agreement will take effect and the film you have purchased will be ready for streaming immediately after Unlimited Media has received confirmation of successful payment on the Website, and payment confirmation appears on the screen of your device. This moment also marks the beginning of your streaming period. 7.4. When you purchase a subscription based Service, you can also activate the automatic renewal service. In this case, when the period ends, you will be automatically charged for the cost of the next period, and the subscription period will be renewed under the same conditions originally chosen. By default, the automatic renewal service is turned off, and is activated only at the request and responsibility of the user. 7.5. Unlimited Media cannot accept responsibility for a third party purchasing the Services, using your bank or credit card information without your knowing. 8. Service Quality and Responsibility 8.1. Unlimited Media will make an effort for the Service to work. However, from time to time, there may be technical problems or a need for maintenance that can cause interruptions in the Service provision. 8.2. If the Service is unavailable and this is caused by a fault of Unlimited Media, you will be entitled to compensation in proportion to the charge you have paid for the time during which the Service was unavailable. Instead of monetary compensation, Unlimited Media may offer free access to the Service according to the time during which the Service was unavailable. To gain compensation or free access, you must submit a relevant request within at least 2 months from the time during which the Service was unavailable. Without prejudice to the provisions of this clause, or to any other provisions contained in these Terms and Conditions of Use, Unlimited Media will not accept responsibility for the non-availability of, or shortcomings in the Service if these are caused by the user, or are due to problems with internet connectivity or another condition beyond the control of Unlimited Media. 8.3. From time to time, Unlimited Media carries out Service updates and maintenance; at that time the Service may be unavailable. Unlimited Media tries to arrange the introduction of updates and maintenance work outside the peak hours of use. Without prejudice to the provisions of clause 8.2, or to any other provisions contained in these Terms and Conditions of Use, you will not be entitled to compensation or free access if the Service was unavailable due to the introduction of updates or maintenance work. 8.4. The service is provided “as is”, and no guarantees, neither direct nor indirect, are provided as to the quality and availability, suitability or fitness for purpose of the Content and other data and the Service provided. You also admit that the software industry cannot ensure a total absence of program faults. 8.5. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN CLAUSE 8.2, UNLIMITED MEDIA (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS AFFILIATES AND SUBCONTRACTORS, EMPLOYEES, EXECUTIVES, AND OFFICERS) AND ITS LICENSORS WILL UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY INJURIES FROM SUSPENSION OF WORK, LOSS OR ERASURE OF DATA, LOSS OF PROFIT, OR THIRD PARTY CLAIMS, OR OTHER INDIRECT LOSSES. 8.6. Unlimited Media retains the right to change or discontinue, whether temporarily or permanently, the functions and properties of the Service, notifying about this within a reasonable time, and when exercising this right, Unlimited Media will not have any responsibilities towards you. 9.1. In compliance with the Law of Obligations Act §53, subsection 4, clause 7¹, you agree that after executing the payment for your subscription, you waive the right to withdraw from the agreement or to request a refund (apart from the cases set out in 8.2), considering that the Service provided through the Website is digital film streaming, which is not delivered to you on a tangible medium and is readily streamable for you. 10. Intellectual Property 10.1. Provided that you have paid all the required fees for the Service according to these Terms and Conditions of Use, Unlimited Media will grant you a personal, limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, and unassignable right to stream and use, privately and individually, content subscribed to for non-commercial purposes, using a media program to display its Content, which enables to watch streamable content online. The display of Content must be limited to private watching by you yourself and your family or friends, while you receive no charges or compensation for this. 10.2. You do not have the right to use, transfer, display, or show the Content, or make it available in any way other than that permitted in the Terms and Conditions of Use. For example, you may not, without limitation, (a) sell, rent, lease, distribute, air, sublicense the Content to third parties, or otherwise make the Content available to them; (b) copy, transfer, distribute, or upload the Content regardless of whether or not the Content used is chargeable; (c) display the Content at commercial establishments or in public spaces regardless of whether or not the Content used is chargeable; (d) attempt to block, evade, modify, repel, or otherwise ignore the digital rights of the management system that are part of the Service or Content; (e) use the Service or Content for any commercial or illegal activity. 10.3. The Content and any other content made available through the Service or on the Website, including design, text, graphics, images, videos, information, apps, software, music, sound, and other files are property of Unlimited Media or its licensors. You have no right to the Service or Content aside from the right unambiguously granted to you under these Terms and Conditions of Use, and the entirety of the right over the Service and Content, their property and interest belong to Unlimited Media and its licensors. Unlimited Media or its licensors will under no circumstances grant you any right to, property of, or interest in the Content, and the right to watch digital content will not grant you any property rights over the Service or Content. The rights associated with the software and media program of Unlimited Media are detailed in individual licence agreements. 11. Use of Computer Resources 11.1. You agree that Unlimited Media has the right to allow the Service to use the storage space of your hardware, processor, and your internet connection bandwidth, computer, video game console, workstation, or another media device. However, this may only be done with the aim of mediating the process, functions, and operations of the network to which the Service is connected, and by means of which it is working, also to facilitate the transfer of data or other articles to you and other users of the Service. 11.2. If you are using internet abroad, the Service may likewise use the storage space of your hardware, processor, and your internet connection bandwidth, computer, video game console, workstation, or another media device. This may involve additional charges imposed by your internet service provider. Consult your internet service provider for further information about additional charges. By using the Service, you agree to accept responsibility for such additional charges to your internet service provider, and agree to compensate Unlimited Media for any third party claims for additional charges concerning the additional charges imposed by your internet connection provider. 12.1. Cookies are small text files, which are stored on your devices (such as the computer, cell phone, tablet, etc.) when you visit and use websites and/or apps. 12.2. Without cookies, some parts of Cineve may not function properly. For example, cookies must be allowed throughout the period of Content availability, unless you may not be able to use the Service. 12.3. You can always choose in your web browser whether or not to accept cookies. However, keep in mind that necessary cookies are, as the name implies, necessary, and the Website may not function if you decline them. 12.4. If you have allowed cookies, you can always clear the cookies from your device later on. The relevant instructions (according to your web browser) are available on the internet. 12.5. You can also block cookies on the Cineve Website, but this means Unlimited Media will not be able to guarantee that the Website is functioning normally. 13. Privacy and Processing of Personal Data 13.1. You agree that from time to time, Unlimited Media may collect your personal data and Service use data, and analyse them, using third party technical solutions, provided that while doing this, Unlimited Media and the third party adhere to the following privacy policies under the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): 13.1.1. Personal data are used to administer your subscription to a Service (for example, film streaming) provided to you on the Website. 13.1.2. The processing of personal data is done in order to perform the agreement signed with the customer, and to use the Services provided by Unlimited Media. 13.1.3. The processing of personal data is done to fulfil commitments arising from legislation (for example, bookkeeping and consumer dispute settlement). 13.1.4. Access to personal data is granted to the employees of Unlimited Media who can access personal data to solve technical issues related to the use of the Website, and to provide customer support service. 13.1.5. Transfer of personal data to processors (for example, bookkeeping and data hosting) is done based on agreements signed with Unlimited Media and the processors. The processors are obliged to ensure appropriate protection measures when processing personal data. 13.1.6. You can access and modify your personal data on the Website on your user profile. Chargeable services cannot be used without a user account. 13.1.7. Since the processing of personal data is done based on the customer’s consent, the customer may withdraw their consent at any time, notifying about this via the contact form on Cineve’s Website. 13.1.8. When a customer account is closed on the Website, the personal data are erased, unless such data need to be stored for bookkeeping or consumer dispute settlement. 13.1.9. In case of disputes as to payments, and consumer disputes, personal data are stored until settlement of the claim, or until the end of the limitation period provided in the Republic of Estonia legislation. 13.1.10. Personal data necessary for bookkeeping is stored for seven years. 13.1.11. To erase personal data, you must contact customer support via the contact form on Cineve’s Website. An erasure request is responded to no later than within a month, specifying the data erasure period. 13.1.12. Disputes as to the processing of personal data are settled via customer support. The supervisory authority is the Data Protection Inspectorate of the Republic of Estonia (located at Tatari 39, Tallinn, 10134, e-mail: [email protected]). 14. Additional Provisions 14.1. If you are in breach of these Terms and Conditions of Use, or of the licence agreement for the software or media program of Unlimited Media, your right to use the Service is terminated immediately, and your access to the Content is suspended without refunding any charged paid. 14.2. You agree to use the Service at your own risk, understanding that when using the Service, you may be exposed to content that you may find offensive, obscene, abusive, defamatory, harassing, scary, malicious, or condemnable. Unlimited Media has no responsibility towards you for any such content. The types and descriptions of the Content, such as genres and categories, are for your convenience of use only, and Unlimited Media is not responsible for their accuracy. 15. Transfer of Rights 15.1. Unlimited Media may, whether in part or in full, transfer its rights and obligations under these Terms and Conditions of Use to a third party without your consent. 16.1. If at any time, any of the provisions of these Terms and Conditions of Use are held to be invalid or unenforceable to any extent, the other provisions of these Terms and Conditions of Use will remain in force unchanged. All the provisions of these Terms and Conditions of Use are valid and applied to the extent permitted by law. 17. Dispute Settlement 17.1. These Terms and Conditions of Use are governed by the law of the Republic of Estonia. All disputes, dissentions, and claims, which arise from these Terms and Conditions of Use, or which relate to them or to their violation, termination, or invalidity, are settled in the Estonian courts, with Harju County Court being the court of first instance. 17.2. With regard to illegal copying or distribution of the Content or the Service, Unlimited Media may bring a damages action or court proceedings before any court with appropriate competence.

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Even with several tablespoons of peyote in me, by 3 in the morning I'm fading. For almost six hours I have been sitting in a tepee in the Navajo Nation, the largest Indian reservation in the United States, with 20 Navajo men, women, and children. They belong to the Native American Church, which has 250,000 members nationwide. Everyone except the four children has eaten the ground-up tops, or buttons, of peyote, Lophophora williamsii. U.S. law classifies the squat cactus and its primary active ingredient, mescaline, as Schedule 1 substances, illegal to sell, possess, or ingest. The law exempts members of the Native American Church, who revere peyote as a sacred medicine. A barrel-chested man wearing a checked shirt and cowboy boots stands over the cedarwood fire and murmurs a prayer in Diné, the Navajo language. As this roadman, or leader of the service, sprinkles sage on the coals, my eyelids close. I smell the sage and hear it hiss, and I see the roiling geometric patterns, called form constants, generated by compounds such as mescaline. Then the balding white man on my right nudges me and tells me to keep my eyes open. The Navajo might be offended, he whispers, if they think I have fallen asleep. Later, he shakes his head when I lean on an elbow to relieve the ache in my back. Too casual, he says. My guide to the etiquette of peyote ceremonies is John Halpern, a 34-year-old psychiatrist from Harvard Medical School. For five years he has been coming here to the Navajo Nation—27,000 square miles of sage-speckled desert stretching from northern Arizona into New Mexico and Utah—to carry out a study of peyote. Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the study probes members of the Native American Church for deficits in memory and other cognitive functions. Halpern has brought me here to help me understand him and his mission, which is to provoke a reconsideration of the pros and cons of hallucinogenic drugs, commonly referred to as psychedelics. Coined in 1956 from the Greek roots for "mind revealing," the term psychedelic refers to a broad range of drugs that include peyote, LSD, and psilocybin, the primary active ingredient in so-called magic mushrooms. Three decades ago the federal government shut down most research on psychedelics, and The Journal of the American Medical Association warned that they can cause permanent "personality deterioration," even in previously healthy users. Halpern says this blanket indictment is "alarmist" but agrees that there are documented dangers associated with the recreational use of the drugs. When ingested recklessly in large doses, psychedelics can generate harrowing short-term experiences, and they can precipitate long-term psychopathology in those predisposed to mental illness. Nonetheless, more than 20 million Americans have tried a psychedelic at least once, and 1.3 million are users of the drugs, by far the most popular of which is now MDMA, or Ecstasy. Halpern undertook his peyote research in part to test persistent fears that those who repeatedly use psychedelics run a high risk of brain damage. While recognizing that psychedelics are toxic substances that should not be treated lightly, Halpern thinks some of the drug compounds could have beneficial uses. "There are medicines here," he says, that could prove to be "fundamentally valuable." He hopes the mind-revealing power of psychedelics can be harnessed to help alleviate the pain and suffering caused by two deadly diseases that have long been notoriously resistant to treatment: alcoholism and addiction. More than 12 million Americans abuse alcohol, and another 1 million abuse cocaine or heroin. Halpern's conviction that psychedelics might help alcoholics and addicts is based both on research by others and on his personal observations of members of the Native American Church. Although Indians in central and northern Mexico, peyote's natural habitat, have ingested it for spiritual purposes for thousands of years, only in the last century did this practice spread to tribes throughout North America in the form of rituals of the Native American Church. All the subjects of Halpern's research are Navajo, who account for roughly 10 percent of the church's membership and hold key leadership positions. Even though tribal leaders have banned alcohol from their reservation, alcoholism is still rampant. For the Navajo and other tribes, rates of alcoholism are estimated to be more than twice the national average. Those in the Native American Church say their medicine helps keep them sober and healthy in body and mind, and Halpern suspects they are right. He first took peyote himself five years ago, shortly after presenting his research plan to leaders of the Native American Church. "It would have been supremely insulting to them if I didn't try it. So I tried it." Halpern also hoped that firsthand experience would help him understand how peyote ceremonies might benefit church members. He checked beforehand with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency, which told him that it would not object to peyote use by non-Indians for serious scientific, educational, or journalistic purposes. Halpern has participated in five services in all, including the one we both attend, and these experiences have imbued him with respect for the Indians and their faith. When I expressed curiosity about the ceremonies, he said the best way to appreciate them is to participate in one. He warned me that the ceremonies are in no way recreational or fun, and our session in Arizona bears that out. Like most Native American Church services, this one has been called for a specific purpose—in this case, to help a wife and husband burdened with medical and financial problems, all too common on the reservation. Except for Halpern and me, everyone is a friend or relative of this couple; some have traveled hundreds of miles to be here. The meeting lasts for 10 hours with only a single 10-minute break, and it unfolds in a rhythm of rituals: smoking tobacco rolled in corn husks; singing hymns in Diné or other Native American languages to the pounding of a deerskin drum; eating peyote and drinking peyote tea passed around in bowls, three times in all. There is a spellbinding beauty in the incantations of the roadman, in the sparks spiraling up from the bed of coals toward the tepee's soot-blackened roof, in the stoic expression of the elder who adds cedar logs to the fire and rakes the coals into a half circle. But none of the worshippers seems lost in blissful aesthetic reveries. Far from it. For much of the night, the mood is solemn, even anguished. Two people vomit, including the wife. Both she and her husband sob as they confess their fears and yearnings. So do others as they listen, offer prayers, or divulge their own troubles—usually in Diné, but occasionally in English. The power of these ceremonies, Halpern tells me later, is only partly pharmacological. After all, worshippers usually eat just a few tablespoons of peyote, which amounts to less than 100 milligrams of mescaline—enough to induce a stimulant effect but not full-fledged visions. Peyote, Halpern speculates, serves primarily as an amplifier of emotions aroused by the ceremony's religious and communal elements. He cannot prove this conjecture yet, nor can he say how or if the putative benefits of these sessions might be achieved by non-Indians in more conventional psychotherapeutic settings. "A lot more work needs to be done to answer such questions," he says. His creeping baldness notwithstanding, Halpern looks younger than his age. He can be brash too. During our weekend in Navajo country—where we visit a substance-abuse clinic and meet a Native American Church leader as well as attend the peyote session—he exults in displaying his knowledge of psychedelic chemistry and his talent for mimicry. A nightclub owner once said his impressions were good enough for a stage act, he boasts. (Actually he is good, especially at obscure sitcom characters like Colonel Klink's irritable commander in Hogan's Heroes: "Kleenk, you EE-dee-ot!") Halpern says he does have "an abrasive, sarcastic side." But he also has an earnest, idealistic side that comes to the fore when he talks about his upbringing. Raised in a Jewish home in an affluent New York suburb, he was never particularly religious, but he inherited a passion for healing from his psychiatrist father and psychologist mother. They convinced him that "medicine is the highest profession you can have, because it's such a privilege to work with human beings and to heal them." He traces his interest in psychedelics to the early 1990s. Interning at a psychiatric hospital in Brooklyn, New York, he became frustrated that he could not offer better treatments for alcoholic or drug-addicted patients. During a weekend at his parents' home, he vented to a visiting family friend, Chunial Roy, an Indian-born psychiatrist who had settled in western Canada. Roy recalled that in the 1950s, he did a survey of alcoholism among Indians in British Columbia and found low rates among members of the Native American Church. Roy added that psychedelics such as LSD had once been considered promising treatments for addiction and other disorders. "I was so fascinated that I did all this research," says Halpern, who had never taken psychedelics and knew little of their history. He learned that LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin, initially viewed as mimickers of the symptoms of mental illness, came to be seen as potential treatments. From 1950 to the mid-1960s, journals published more than 1,000 papers describing the treatment with psychedelics of 40,000 patients afflicted with alcoholism and various other disorders. One early advocate of psychedelic therapy was William Wilson, known more familiarly as Bill W., who founded Alcoholics Anonymous in 1935. After observing alcoholics undergoing LSD treatment and taking the drug himself in 1956, Wilson became convinced that it might benefit alcoholics by triggering religious experiences like the one that had helped him stop drinking. The studies that instilled these hopes in Wilson and others were largely anecdotal, lacking controls, or flawed; they were nonetheless suggestive enough, Halpern thought, to merit follow-up investigations. After Halpern began his residency training at Harvard Medical School in 1996, he found a mentor: Harrison G. Pope Jr., a professor of psychiatry who had investigated marijuana and other psychotropic drugs. Halpern and Pope have coauthored several papers, notably one that considers whether hallucinogens cause permanent neurocognitive damage, as some early critics claimed. "At present," they wrote, "the literature tentatively suggests that there are few, if any, long-term neuropsychological deficits attributable to hallucinogen use." They contended that most studies linking psychedelics to neurocognitive toxicity examined too few subjects and did not control adequately for pre-existing mental illness or for consumption of other, more toxic substances, such as amphetamines and alcohol. It was to help resolve this lingering controversy that Halpern and Pope decided to examine the Native American Church, which offered a large population that consumes a psychedelic substance while avoiding other drugs and alcohol. Halpern and Pope won grants for their project not only from the National Institute on Drug Abuse but also from Harvard Medical School and two private foundations that support research on psychedelics: the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies and the Heffter Research Institute (named after the German chemist who isolated mescaline from peyote and discovered its psychoactive properties in the late 1800s). Obtaining the cooperation of Native American Church officials turned out to be more difficult. Many disliked the idea of having their faith scrutinized by a scientist, especially a white one. After Halpern gave his pitch to one church gathering, a tribal elder harangued the crowd in Navajo for 20 minutes. Finally he turned to Halpern and, angrily evoking the specter of Christopher Columbus, exclaimed: "1492!" Another difficult moment came during his first peyote session. The roadman kept insisting that Halpern take more peyote, until finally he vomited. Halpern felt that the roadman's implicit message was, "You want to learn about peyote? I'll teach you about peyote." Halpern persisted, coming to meetings bearing gifts of sweet grass and flat cedar, aromatic herbs prized by Indians. "I was trying to show I took the trouble to learn something about their culture." He trolled for volunteers for his research by putting up ads in Laundromats and handing out flyers at a flea market in Gallup, New Mexico. (The $100 promised to those who completed the study helped too.) One church leader who persuaded others in the flock to trust Halpern was Victor J. Clyde, vice president of the Native American Church of North America and an elected state judge. During our trip to the Navajo Nation, Halpern and I visited Clyde in Lukachukai, Arizona, where he lives with his wife and three children. Clyde is compact and broad-shouldered, and he speaks with the tough self-assurance of a former prosecutor. When I asked what the Native American Church stands to gain from Halpern's work, Clyde replied that scientific evidence of peyote's safety should protect church members. Just last year, the Pentagon cited concerns about "flashbacks"—recurrences of a psychedelic's effects long after it has vanished from the body—in barring servicemen in the Native American Church from sensitive nuclear assignments. Didn't Clyde ever worry that Halpern's research might turn up harmful effects? Clyde eyed me momentarily before responding to my question. If peyote was harmful, he said firmly, his people would have noticed by now. Clyde's belief that peyote does not harm church members has been corroborated by Halpern's research. He estimates that he spoke to 1,000 Navajo before finding 210 who met his criteria. The subjects fall into three categories: Roughly one-third have taken peyote at least 100 times but have minimal exposure to other drugs or alcohol; one-third are not church members and have consumed little or no alcohol or drugs; and one-third are former alcoholics who have been sober for at least three months. Halpern and several research assistants administered a battery of tests—of memory, IQ, reading ability, and other cognitive skills—to the three groups. According to preliminary data that he has presented at conferences, church members show no deficits compared with sober nonmembers and score significantly better than the former alcoholics. Church members also report no flashbacks. With his coauthor Pope, Halpern plans to publish his full results in a peer-reviewed journal this summer, after presenting them to church leaders and Navajo health officials. Halpern is already anticipating objections to his research—for example, that its significance applies only to one substance used by one ethnic group. "You could in one sense say mescaline is not the same as all these other compounds," he says. His study nonetheless indicates that psychedelics as a class may not "burn out" the brain. "If we find this group of people that, with these special conditions, aren't having problems, that does have some relevance for the population at large." Halpern also realizes that he may be accused of going native, of becoming so close to his subjects that his objectivity has been compromised. To reduce the risk of bias, he and Pope designed the study to be blind; those who scored the tests given to the Navajo did not know to which group each subject belonged. Moreover, Halpern did not participate in peyote ceremonies with any of his research subjects. Perhaps the biggest weakness of his and Pope's research, Halpern acknowledges, is that its design precluded testing to see whether peyote reduces the risk of alcoholism. Halpern would like to see that issue addressed in a follow-up study. An ideal partner for a trial could be the Na'nizhoozhi Center, a substance-abuse clinic in Gallup whose clientele is almost entirely Native American. The center, founded a decade ago, offers conventional therapies and self-help programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, as well as various traditional Indian healing ceremonies. These take place in a yard behind the clinic that is large enough for several of the octagonal log cabins known as hogans, sweat lodges, and a tepee for Native American Church sessions. Although peyote is not given to patients during on-site church sessions, staff members encourage some clients to participate in regular peyote ceremonies once they leave the clinic. The clinic's records indicate that those who participate in Indian healing ceremonies fare better than those who have participated in Alcoholics Anonymous. Halpern hopes that someday the clinic, perhaps with his help, will rigorously compare the relapse rates of patients who participate in peyote ceremonies versus other treatments. Ideally, to distinguish the effects of peyote per se from those of the ceremony and of church membership, one group of alcoholics could receive peyote in a non-religious setting; another group could receive a placebo. Halpern would never recommend such a protocol, however, because it would violate precepts of the Native American Church. "Peyote taken the wrong way, they believe, is harmful," he explains. Out of respect for the church, Halpern would never advocate testing peyote's effects on non-Indians, either. In this respect, he acknowledges, his affection for church members does influence his role as a researcher. But there are many other compounds that can be explored as potential treatments for non-Indians. In a 1996 paper, Halpern reviewed scores of studies of the treatment of substance abuse with psychedelics and found tentative evidence that they reduce addicts' craving during a post-trip "afterglow" lasting a month or two. This effect might be at least partially biochemical; LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin are known to modulate neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which play a crucial role in the regulation of pleasure. One possible candidate for psychedelic therapy would be dimethyltryptamine, or DMT, the only psychedelic known to occur naturally in trace amounts in human blood and brain tissue. DMT is the primary active ingredient of ayahuasca, a tea made from two Amazonian plants. Like peyote, ayahuasca has been used for centuries by Indians and now serves as a legal sacrament for several Brazilian churches. Recent studies of Brazilian ayahuasca drinkers by Charles Grob, a psychiatrist at the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, and others suggest that ayahuasca has no adverse neurocognitive effects. An advantage of DMT, Halpern says, is that when injected its effects last less than an hour, and so it could be incorporated into relatively short therapeutic sessions. Halpern already has research experience with DMT. In 1994 he spent six weeks helping Rick Strassman, a psychiatrist at the University of New Mexico, inject DMT into volunteers to measure the drug's physiological effects. That study showed that DMT is not necessarily benign. Twenty-five of Strassman's 60 subjects underwent what Strassman defined as "adverse effects," ranging from hallucinations of terrifying "aliens" to, in one case, a dangerous spike in blood pressure. Strassman's concerns about these reactions contributed to his decision to end his study early. An even more controversial candidate for clinical testing is 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, more commonly known as MDMA or Ecstasy. MDMA is sometimes called an empathogen rather than a psychedelic, because its most striking effects are amplified feelings of empathy and diminished anxiety. Advocates contend that MDMA has therapeutic potential, and several researchers around the world are now administering the drug to patients with post-traumatic stress and other disorders. Critics point out that MDMA has rapidly become a drug of abuse, with almost 800,000 Americans believed to be users. The drug has been linked to fatal overdoses and brain damage; just last fall, a paper in Science reported that only a few doses of MDMA caused neuropathy in monkeys. To help resolve questions about MDMA's safety, Halpern and Pope have begun a study of young Midwesterners who claim to take MDMA while shunning other drugs and alcohol. All drugs pose certain risks, Halpern says. The question is whether the risks are outweighed by the potential benefits for a population. For example, the benefits of giving MDMA to terminal cancer patients to help them cope with their anxiety might outweigh the risks posed to their health. In the same way, DMT or some other psychedelic might be worth giving to alcoholics and addicts who have failed to respond to other treatments. Halpern also hopes to conduct a brain-imaging study to test his hypothesis that psychedelics reduce craving in addicts by affecting their serotonin and dopamine systems. "It sounds reductionistic," he says, "but a picture can be worth a thousand words." An ideal collaborator would be Franz Vollenweider, a psychiatrist at the University of Zurich, who with positron-emission tomography has measured neural changes induced in healthy volunteers by psilocybin and MDMA. Some psychedelic effects have already been explained in relatively straightforward neural terms. For example, human brain-imaging tests and experiments on animals have shown that mescaline, LSD, and other psychedelics boost the random discharge of neurons in the visual cortex. This neural excitation is thought to induce form constants, the dynamic patterns I saw when I closed my eyes under the influence of peyote, which are also generated by migraines, epileptic seizures, and other brain disorders. But the effects of hallucinogens will never be reducible to neurochemistry alone, Halpern emphasizes. Decades of research have confirmed the importance of "set and setting"—the prior expectations of users and the context of their experience. The same compound can evoke psychotic paranoia, psychological insight, or blissful communion, depending on whether it is consumed as a party drug in a nightclub, a medicine in a psychiatrist's office, or a sacrament in a tepee. In the same way, psychedelic treatments may produce different outcomes depending on the setting. The long-term challenge for researchers, Halpern says, is to determine which settings can exploit the therapeutic potential of hallucinogens while reducing the risk of adverse reactions. In the 1950s and 1960s, psychedelic therapy usually involved a single patient and therapist. In many cases, Halpern believes, psychedelic therapy might work best for couples, families, and friends. "If you take it by yourself, you may have important insights," he says, "but you've lost this other opportunity to learn and grow." People might also respond to settings and rituals designed to evoke religious sentiments. Recently various scientists, notably Harold Koenig at Duke University, have reported finding correlations between religiosity—as reflected by church attendance and other measures—and resistance to depression. Ideally, Halpern says, therapists should be able to choose among many different settings to best serve a patient's needs. One of his favorite proverbs is, "Many paths, one mountain." Halpern believes he has benefited from his peyote sessions, albeit in ways difficult to quantify or even describe. Borrowing the term for a compound that boosts the effect of a neurotransmitter, he speculates that peyote serves as a "humility agonist," counteracting his arrogance by instilling awe and reverence in him. He acknowledges, however, that these emotions might be less a function of the peyote than of the ceremony of the Native American Church. Reverence is certainly evident in Halpern's bearing throughout the session we attend together. Although plagued by chronic back pain, he sits straight-backed for hour after hour on the $5 cushion he purchased earlier that day at Wal-Mart. He intently watches every ritual, listens to every song. When the roadman asks everyone to pray for the husband and wife who are the meeting's focus, Halpern chimes in loudly. Especially early on, the ceremony seems impenetrably foreign, but its meaning becomes more apparent as the night progresses. At one point the roadman, after offering a long prayer in Diné, turns to the husband and wife and says in English: "You must make more time in your lives for those who care about you." The rituals, I realize, are just expressions of gratitude for earth, fire, food, and other primordial elements of existence. After each of us sips from a bowl of water passed around the tepee, the roadman carefully pours some water on the dirt floor. Halpern says in my ear, "Think what water means to these desert people." As dawn approaches, the mood throughout the tepee brightens. Everyone smiles as the husband and wife embrace and as their two children, who have been sleeping since midnight, wake up blinking and yawning. The wife, coming back into the tepee after fetching a platter of sweet rolls, jokes and laughs with a friend. As we drink coffee and eat the rolls, she thanks us for having sat through this long night with her and her family. "Thank you for letting us join you," Halpern replies, beaming at her, "and may you and your family enjoy good health." Driving out of the Navajo Nation that afternoon, Halpern seems exhilarated, although he has not slept for 36 hours. He howls along with a CD of Native American Church chants and does imitations of Bill Clinton and several Star Trek characters. Outside Shiprock, New Mexico, his expression turns grim as we pass a policeman giving a sobriety test to a wobbly young man. Neither peyote nor any other medicine, Halpern realizes, can cure all those afflicted with alcoholism or addiction. "We don't have magic pills," he says drily. If his research on psychedelics yields therapies that can benefit just 10 or 15 percent of the millions struggling with these disorders, he will be more than satisfied. "I'm trying very slowly," he says, "to put all the pieces in place." Experiments with People John Halpern's peyote study is part of a revival of psychedelic research. At least a half dozen prominent researchers are exploring the potential of using hallucinogens, including: Francisco Moreno, a psychiatrist at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson, administers psilocybin, the primary active ingredient of hallucinogenic mushrooms such as Psilocybe semilanceata, to 10 patients as an experimental treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Pedro Sopelana Rodriguez, a psychiatrist at the Psychiatric Hospital of Madrid in Spain, gives MDMA, or Ecstasy, to 29 women suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder caused by sexual abuse. Evgeny Krupitsky, a psychiatrist at the St. Petersburg Scientific Research Center of Addictions and Psychopharmacology in Russia, treats alcoholics and heroin addicts with ketamine, an anesthetic that at sub-anesthetic doses produces out-of-body experiences. Krupitsky has reported positive results in his clinic and at the Yale/West Haven VA Medical Center in Connecticut. Deborah Mash, a neurologist at the University of Miami School of Medicine who also works at a clinic in St. Kitts, West Indies, treats opiate and cocaine addicts with ibogaine, an extract of the West African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. Charles Grob, a psychiatrist at the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center in Torrance, California, plans to offer psilocybin to late-stage cancer patients as an experimental treatment for pain, anxiety, and depression.

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New Living Translation Jesus’ Triumphant Entry 21 As Jesus and the disciples approached Jerusalem, they came to the town of Bethphage on the Mount of Olives. Jesus sent two of them on ahead. 2 “Go into the village over there,” he said. “As soon as you enter it, you will see a donkey tied there, with its colt beside it. Untie them and bring them to me. 3 If anyone asks what you are doing, just say, ‘The Lord needs them,’ and he will immediately let you take them.” 4 This took place to fulfill the prophecy that said, 5 “Tell the people of Jerusalem, ‘Look, your King is coming to you. He is humble, riding on a donkey-- riding on a donkey’s colt.’” 6 The two disciples did as Jesus commanded. 7 They brought the donkey and the colt to him and threw their garments over the colt, and he sat on it. 8 Most of the crowd spread their garments on the road ahead of him, and others cut branches from the trees and spread them on the road. 9 Jesus was in the center of the procession, and the people all around him were shouting, “Praise God for the Son of David! Blessings on the one who comes in the name of the Lord! Praise God in highest heaven!” 10 The entire city of Jerusalem was in an uproar as he entered. “Who is this?” they asked. 11 And the crowds replied, “It’s Jesus, the prophet from Nazareth in Galilee.” Jesus Clears the Temple 12 Jesus entered the Temple and began to drive out all the people buying and selling animals for sacrifice. He knocked over the tables of the money changers and the chairs of those selling doves. 13 He said to them, “The Scriptures declare, ‘My Temple will be called a house of prayer,’ but you have turned it into a den of thieves!” 14 The blind and the lame came to him in the Temple, and he healed them. 15 The leading priests and the teachers of religious law saw these wonderful miracles and heard even the children in the Temple shouting, “Praise God for the Son of David.” But the leaders were indignant. 16 They asked Jesus, “Do you hear what these children are saying?” “Yes,” Jesus replied. “Haven’t you ever read the Scriptures? For they say, ‘You have taught children and infants to give you praise.’” 17 Then he returned to Bethany, where he stayed overnight. Jesus Curses the Fig Tree 18 In the morning, as Jesus was returning to Jerusalem, he was hungry, 19 and he noticed a fig tree beside the road. He went over to see if there were any figs, but there were only leaves. Then he said to it, “May you never bear fruit again!” And immediately the fig tree withered up. 20 The disciples were amazed when they saw this and asked, “How did the fig tree wither so quickly?” 21 Then Jesus told them, “I tell you the truth, if you have faith and don’t doubt, you can do things like this and much more. You can even say to this mountain, ‘May you be lifted up and thrown into the sea,’ and it will happen. 22 You can pray for anything, and if you have faith, you will receive it.” The Authority of Jesus Challenged 23 When Jesus returned to the Temple and began teaching, the leading priests and elders came up to him. They demanded, “By what authority are you doing all these things? Who gave you the right?” 24 “I’ll tell you by what authority I do these things if you answer one question,” Jesus replied. 25 “Did John’s authority to baptize come from heaven, or was it merely human?” They talked it over among themselves. “If we say it was from heaven, he will ask us why we didn’t believe John. 26 But if we say it was merely human, we’ll be mobbed because the people believe John was a prophet.” 27 So they finally replied, “We don’t know.” And Jesus responded, “Then I won’t tell you by what authority I do these things. Parable of the Two Sons 28 “But what do you think about this? A man with two sons told the older boy, ‘Son, go out and work in the vineyard today.’ 29 The son answered, ‘No, I won’t go,’ but later he changed his mind and went anyway. 30 Then the father told the other son, ‘You go,’ and he said, ‘Yes, sir, I will.’ But he didn’t go. 31 “Which of the two obeyed his father?” They replied, “The first.” Then Jesus explained his meaning: “I tell you the truth, corrupt tax collectors and prostitutes will get into the Kingdom of God before you do. 32 For John the Baptist came and showed you the right way to live, but you didn’t believe him, while tax collectors and prostitutes did. And even when you saw this happening, you refused to believe him and repent of your sins. Parable of the Evil Farmers 33 “Now listen to another story. A certain landowner planted a vineyard, built a wall around it, dug a pit for pressing out the grape juice, and built a lookout tower. Then he leased the vineyard to tenant farmers and moved to another country. 34 At the time of the grape harvest, he sent his servants to collect his share of the crop. 35 But the farmers grabbed his servants, beat one, killed one, and stoned another. 36 So the landowner sent a larger group of his servants to collect for him, but the results were the same. 37 “Finally, the owner sent his son, thinking, ‘Surely they will respect my son.’ 38 “But when the tenant farmers saw his son coming, they said to one another, ‘Here comes the heir to this estate. Come on, let’s kill him and get the estate for ourselves!’ 39 So they grabbed him, dragged him out of the vineyard, and murdered him. 40 “When the owner of the vineyard returns,” Jesus asked, “what do you think he will do to those farmers?” 41 The religious leaders replied, “He will put the wicked men to a horrible death and lease the vineyard to others who will give him his share of the crop after each harvest.” 42 Then Jesus asked them, “Didn’t you ever read this in the Scriptures? ‘The stone that the builders rejected has now become the cornerstone. This is the Lord’s doing, and it is wonderful to see.’ 43 I tell you, the Kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a nation that will produce the proper fruit. 44 Anyone who stumbles over that stone will be broken to pieces, and it will crush anyone it falls on.” 45 When the leading priests and Pharisees heard this parable, they realized he was telling the story against them—they were the wicked farmers. 46 They wanted to arrest him, but they were afraid of the crowds, who considered Jesus to be a prophet. New Living Translation Parable of the Vineyard Workers 20 “For the Kingdom of Heaven is like the landowner who went out early one morning to hire workers for his vineyard. 2 He agreed to pay the normal daily wage and sent them out to work. 3 “At nine o’clock in the morning he was passing through the marketplace and saw some people standing around doing nothing. 4 So he hired them, telling them he would pay them whatever was right at the end of the day. 5 So they went to work in the vineyard. At noon and again at three o’clock he did the same thing. 6 “At five o’clock that afternoon he was in town again and saw some more people standing around. He asked them, ‘Why haven’t you been working today?’ 7 “They replied, ‘Because no one hired us.’ “The landowner told them, ‘Then go out and join the others in my vineyard.’ 8 “That evening he told the foreman to call the workers in and pay them, beginning with the last workers first. 9 When those hired at five o’clock were paid, each received a full day’s wage. 10 When those hired first came to get their pay, they assumed they would receive more. But they, too, were paid a day’s wage. 11 When they received their pay, they protested to the owner, 12 ‘Those people worked only one hour, and yet you’ve paid them just as much as you paid us who worked all day in the scorching heat.’ 13 “He answered one of them, ‘Friend, I haven’t been unfair! Didn’t you agree to work all day for the usual wage? 14 Take your money and go. I wanted to pay this last worker the same as you. 15 Is it against the law for me to do what I want with my money? Should you be jealous because I am kind to others?’ 16 “So those who are last now will be first then, and those who are first will be last.” Jesus Again Predicts His Death 17 As Jesus was going up to Jerusalem, he took the twelve disciples aside privately and told them what was going to happen to him. 18 “Listen,” he said, “we’re going up to Jerusalem, where the Son of Man will be betrayed to the leading priests and the teachers of religious law. They will sentence him to die. 19 Then they will hand him over to the Romans to be mocked, flogged with a whip, and crucified. But on the third day he will be raised from the dead.” Jesus Teaches about Serving Others 20 Then the mother of James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came to Jesus with her sons. She knelt respectfully to ask a favor. 21 “What is your request?” he asked. She replied, “In your Kingdom, please let my two sons sit in places of honor next to you, one on your right and the other on your left.” 22 But Jesus answered by saying to them, “You don’t know what you are asking! Are you able to drink from the bitter cup of suffering I am about to drink?” “Oh yes,” they replied, “we are able!” 23 Jesus told them, “You will indeed drink from my bitter cup. But I have no right to say who will sit on my right or my left. My Father has prepared those places for the ones he has chosen.” 24 When the ten other disciples heard what James and John had asked, they were indignant. 25 But Jesus called them together and said, “You know that the rulers in this world lord it over their people, and officials flaunt their authority over those under them. 26 But among you it will be different. Whoever wants to be a leader among you must be your servant, 27 and whoever wants to be first among you must become your slave. 28 For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve others and to give his life as a ransom for many.” Jesus Heals Two Blind Men 29 As Jesus and the disciples left the town of Jericho, a large crowd followed behind. 30 Two blind men were sitting beside the road. When they heard that Jesus was coming that way, they began shouting, “Lord, Son of David, have mercy on us!” 31 “Be quiet!” the crowd yelled at them. But they only shouted louder, “Lord, Son of David, have mercy on us!” 32 When Jesus heard them, he stopped and called, “What do you want me to do for you?” 33 “Lord,” they said, “we want to see!” 34 Jesus felt sorry for them and touched their eyes. Instantly they could see! Then they followed him. New Living Translation Discussion about Divorce and Marriage 19 When Jesus had finished saying these things, he left Galilee and went down to the region of Judea east of the Jordan River. 2 Large crowds followed him there, and he healed their sick. 3 Some Pharisees came and tried to trap him with this question: “Should a man be allowed to divorce his wife for just any reason?” 4 “Haven’t you read the Scriptures?” Jesus replied. “They record that from the beginning ‘God made them male and female.’” 5 And he said, “‘This explains why a man leaves his father and mother and is joined to his wife, and the two are united into one.’ 6 Since they are no longer two but one, let no one split apart what God has joined together.” 7 “Then why did Moses say in the law that a man could give his wife a written notice of divorce and send her away?” they asked. 8 Jesus replied, “Moses permitted divorce only as a concession to your hard hearts, but it was not what God had originally intended. 9 And I tell you this, whoever divorces his wife and marries someone else commits adultery—unless his wife has been unfaithful.” 10 Jesus’ disciples then said to him, “If this is the case, it is better not to marry!” 11 “Not everyone can accept this statement,” Jesus said. “Only those whom God helps. 12 Some are born as eunuchs, some have been made eunuchs by others, and some choose not to marry for the sake of the Kingdom of Heaven. Let anyone accept this who can.” Jesus Blesses the Children 13 One day some parents brought their children to Jesus so he could lay his hands on them and pray for them. But the disciples scolded the parents for bothering him. 14 But Jesus said, “Let the children come to me. Don’t stop them! For the Kingdom of Heaven belongs to those who are like these children.” 15 And he placed his hands on their heads and blessed them before he left. The Rich Man 16 Someone came to Jesus with this question: “Teacher, what good deed must I do to have eternal life?” 17 “Why ask me about what is good?” Jesus replied. “There is only One who is good. But to answer your question—if you want to receive eternal life, keep the commandments.” 18 “Which ones?” the man asked. And Jesus replied: “‘You must not murder. You must not commit adultery. You must not steal. You must not testify falsely. 19 Honor your father and mother. Love your neighbor as yourself.’” 20 “I’ve obeyed all these commandments,” the young man replied. “What else must I do?” 21 Jesus told him, “If you want to be perfect, go and sell all your possessions and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.” 22 But when the young man heard this, he went away sad, for he had many possessions. 23 Then Jesus said to his disciples, “I tell you the truth, it is very hard for a rich person to enter the Kingdom of Heaven. 24 I’ll say it again—it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the Kingdom of God!” 25 The disciples were astounded. “Then who in the world can be saved?” they asked. 26 Jesus looked at them intently and said, “Humanly speaking, it is impossible. But with God everything is possible.” 27 Then Peter said to him, “We’ve given up everything to follow you. What will we get?” 28 Jesus replied, “I assure you that when the world is made new and the Son of Man sits upon his glorious throne, you who have been my followers will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 29 And everyone who has given up houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or property, for my sake, will receive a hundred times as much in return and will inherit eternal life. 30 But many who are the greatest now will be least important then, and those who seem least important now will be the greatest then. New Living Translation The Greatest in the Kingdom 18 About that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Who is greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven?” 2 Jesus called a little child to him and put the child among them. 3 Then he said, “I tell you the truth, unless you turn from your sins and become like little children, you will never get into the Kingdom of Heaven. 4 So anyone who becomes as humble as this little child is the greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven. 5 “And anyone who welcomes a little child like this on my behalf is welcoming me. 6 But if you cause one of these little ones who trusts in me to fall into sin, it would be better for you to have a large millstone tied around your neck and be drowned in the depths of the sea. 7 “What sorrow awaits the world, because it tempts people to sin. Temptations are inevitable, but what sorrow awaits the person who does the tempting. 8 So if your hand or foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It’s better to enter eternal life with only one hand or one foot than to be thrown into eternal fire with both of your hands and feet. 9 And if your eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It’s better to enter eternal life with only one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell. 10 “Beware that you don’t look down on any of these little ones. For I tell you that in heaven their angels are always in the presence of my heavenly Father. Parable of the Lost Sheep 12 “If a man has a hundred sheep and one of them wanders away, what will he do? Won’t he leave the ninety-nine others on the hills and go out to search for the one that is lost? 13 And if he finds it, I tell you the truth, he will rejoice over it more than over the ninety-nine that didn’t wander away! 14 In the same way, it is not my heavenly Father’s will that even one of these little ones should perish. Correcting Another Believer 15 “If another believer sins against you, go privately and point out the offense. If the other person listens and confesses it, you have won that person back. 16 But if you are unsuccessful, take one or two others with you and go back again, so that everything you say may be confirmed by two or three witnesses. 17 If the person still refuses to listen, take your case to the church. Then if he or she won’t accept the church’s decision, treat that person as a pagan or a corrupt tax collector. 18 “I tell you the truth, whatever you forbid on earth will be forbidden in heaven, and whatever you permit on earth will be permitted in heaven. 19 “I also tell you this: If two of you agree here on earth concerning anything you ask, my Father in heaven will do it for you. 20 For where two or three gather together as my followers, I am there among them.” Parable of the Unforgiving Debtor 21 Then Peter came to him and asked, “Lord, how often should I forgive someone who sins against me? Seven times?” 22 “No, not seven times,” Jesus replied, “but seventy times seven! 23 “Therefore, the Kingdom of Heaven can be compared to a king who decided to bring his accounts up to date with servants who had borrowed money from him. 24 In the process, one of his debtors was brought in who owed him millions of dollars. 25 He couldn’t pay, so his master ordered that he be sold—along with his wife, his children, and everything he owned—to pay the debt. 26 “But the man fell down before his master and begged him, ‘Please, be patient with me, and I will pay it all.’ 27 Then his master was filled with pity for him, and he released him and forgave his debt. 28 “But when the man left the king, he went to a fellow servant who owed him a few thousand dollars. He grabbed him by the throat and demanded instant payment. 29 “His fellow servant fell down before him and begged for a little more time. ‘Be patient with me, and I will pay it,’ he pleaded. 30 But his creditor wouldn’t wait. He had the man arrested and put in prison until the debt could be paid in full. 31 “When some of the other servants saw this, they were very upset. They went to the king and told him everything that had happened. 32 Then the king called in the man he had forgiven and said, ‘You evil servant! I forgave you that tremendous debt because you pleaded with me. 33 Shouldn’t you have mercy on your fellow servant, just as I had mercy on you?’ 34 Then the angry king sent the man to prison to be tortured until he had paid his entire debt. 35 “That’s what my heavenly Father will do to you if you refuse to forgive your brothers and sisters from your heart.” New Living Translation 17 Six days later Jesus took Peter and the two brothers, James and John, and led them up a high mountain to be alone. 2 As the men watched, Jesus’ appearance was transformed so that his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became as white as light. 3 Suddenly, Moses and Elijah appeared and began talking with Jesus. 4 Peter exclaimed, “Lord, it’s wonderful for us to be here! If you want, I’ll make three shelters as memorials—one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” 5 But even as he spoke, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is my dearly loved Son, who brings me great joy. Listen to him.” 6 The disciples were terrified and fell face down on the ground. 7 Then Jesus came over and touched them. “Get up,” he said. “Don’t be afraid.” 8 And when they looked up, Moses and Elijah were gone, and they saw only Jesus. 9 As they went back down the mountain, Jesus commanded them, “Don’t tell anyone what you have seen until the Son of Man has been raised from the dead.” 10 Then his disciples asked him, “Why do the teachers of religious law insist that Elijah must return before the Messiah comes?” 11 Jesus replied, “Elijah is indeed coming first to get everything ready. 12 But I tell you, Elijah has already come, but he wasn’t recognized, and they chose to abuse him. And in the same way they will also make the Son of Man suffer.” 13 Then the disciples realized he was talking about John the Baptist. Jesus Heals a Demon-Possessed Boy 14 At the foot of the mountain, a large crowd was waiting for them. A man came and knelt before Jesus and said, 15 “Lord, have mercy on my son. He has seizures and suffers terribly. He often falls into the fire or into the water. 16 So I brought him to your disciples, but they couldn’t heal him.” 17 Jesus said, “You faithless and corrupt people! How long must I be with you? How long must I put up with you? Bring the boy here to me.” 18 Then Jesus rebuked the demon in the boy, and it left him. From that moment the boy was well. 19 Afterward the disciples asked Jesus privately, “Why couldn’t we cast out that demon?” 20 “You don’t have enough faith,” Jesus told them. “I tell you the truth, if you had faith even as small as a mustard seed, you could say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it would move. Nothing would be impossible.” Jesus Again Predicts His Death 22 After they gathered again in Galilee, Jesus told them, “The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the hands of his enemies. 23 He will be killed, but on the third day he will be raised from the dead.” And the disciples were filled with grief. Payment of the Temple Tax 24 On their arrival in Capernaum, the collectors of the Temple tax came to Peter and asked him, “Doesn’t your teacher pay the Temple tax?” 25 “Yes, he does,” Peter replied. Then he went into the house. But before he had a chance to speak, Jesus asked him, “What do you think, Peter? Do kings tax their own people or the people they have conquered?” 26 “They tax the people they have conquered,” Peter replied. “Well, then,” Jesus said, “the citizens are free! 27 However, we don’t want to offend them, so go down to the lake and throw in a line. Open the mouth of the first fish you catch, and you will find a large silver coin. Take it and pay the tax for both of us.” New Living Translation Leaders Demand a Miraculous Sign 16 One day the Pharisees and Sadducees came to test Jesus, demanding that he show them a miraculous sign from heaven to prove his authority. 2 He replied, “You know the saying, ‘Red sky at night means fair weather tomorrow; 3 red sky in the morning means foul weather all day.’ You know how to interpret the weather signs in the sky, but you don’t know how to interpret the signs of the times! 4 Only an evil, adulterous generation would demand a miraculous sign, but the only sign I will give them is the sign of the prophet Jonah.” Then Jesus left them and went away. Yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees 5 Later, after they crossed to the other side of the lake, the disciples discovered they had forgotten to bring any bread. 6 “Watch out!” Jesus warned them. “Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” 7 At this they began to argue with each other because they hadn’t brought any bread. 8 Jesus knew what they were saying, so he said, “You have so little faith! Why are you arguing with each other about having no bread? 9 Don’t you understand even yet? Don’t you remember the 5,000 I fed with five loaves, and the baskets of leftovers you picked up? 10 Or the 4,000 I fed with seven loaves, and the large baskets of leftovers you picked up? 11 Why can’t you understand that I’m not talking about bread? So again I say, ‘Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.’” 12 Then at last they understood that he wasn’t speaking about the yeast in bread, but about the deceptive teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees. Peter’s Declaration about Jesus 13 When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, “Who do people say that the Son of Man is?” 14 “Well,” they replied, “some say John the Baptist, some say Elijah, and others say Jeremiah or one of the other prophets.” 15 Then he asked them, “But who do you say I am?” 16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” 17 Jesus replied, “You are blessed, Simon son of John, because my Father in heaven has revealed this to you. You did not learn this from any human being. 18 Now I say to you that you are Peter (which means ‘rock’), and upon this rock I will build my church, and all the powers of hell will not conquer it. 19 And I will give you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven. Whatever you forbid on earth will be forbidden in heaven, and whatever you permit on earth will be permitted in heaven.” 20 Then he sternly warned the disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Messiah. Jesus Predicts His Death 21 From then on Jesus began to tell his disciples plainly that it was necessary for him to go to Jerusalem, and that he would suffer many terrible things at the hands of the elders, the leading priests, and the teachers of religious law. He would be killed, but on the third day he would be raised from the dead. 22 But Peter took him aside and began to reprimand him for saying such things. “Heaven forbid, Lord,” he said. “This will never happen to you!” 23 Jesus turned to Peter and said, “Get away from me, Satan! You are a dangerous trap to me. You are seeing things merely from a human point of view, not from God’s.” 24 Then Jesus said to his disciples, “If any of you wants to be my follower, you must give up your own way, take up your cross, and follow me. 25 If you try to hang on to your life, you will lose it. But if you give up your life for my sake, you will save it. 26 And what do you benefit if you gain the whole world but lose your own soul? Is anything worth more than your soul? 27 For the Son of Man will come with his angels in the glory of his Father and will judge all people according to their deeds. 28 And I tell you the truth, some standing here right now will not die before they see the Son of Man coming in his Kingdom.”

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Considering the changing global education scenario, a new format has been introduced to make the test more relevant. The new Digital SAT is 2 hours and 14 minutes long and has two sections – Reading + Writing and Mathematics. Each section is scored out of a maximum of 800 marks; the total possible score is 1600. The scores will now be released in just a few days instead of a few weeks, giving students the freedom to study more and apply to colleges faster. Moreover, students can also choose to bring their own devices to the centres to give the digital test, as long as they meet the technological requirements. You can read more about the new Digital SAT format here. Apart from these changes, the other aspects of the exam remain the same. It will be conducted seven times a year across 30 cities in India. Students can give the test as many times as they want, but most choose to give it twice – once after their 11th and again before their 12th begins. SAT Exam Dates 2024 For the second half of 2024, four more dates are available for the SAT. You can register for it within the allotted deadlines. There is also the late registration option for those who miss the primary registration dates for an extra charge. |SAT exam dates |Deadlines for late registration |26 August 2024 |28 July 2024 |15 August 2024 |7 October 2024 |7 September 2024 |26 September 2024 |4 November 2024 |5 October 22024 |24 October 2024 |2 December 2024 |2 November 22024 |21 November 2024 SAT 2024 Exam Highlights You can find all the basic details of the SAT exam 2024 at a glance here. |SAT full form |Scholastic Assessment Test |SAT Exam Duration |2 hours 14 minutes |Most popular for |Undergraduate courses in the US and Canada |SAT India Country Code |Mode of Exam |SAT Fee for Indian Students |$60 + $43 = ₹8,540 (approx) |on a 1600 scale point |Exam Centres in India |All major Indian cities |SAT Contact Info |The College Board National Office 250 Vesey Street New York, NY 10281 How to Register for the SAT Exam 2024? SAT Exam Registration SAT Exam Eligibility 2024 While the College Board sets down no strict eligibility guidelines for SAT 2024, there are a few things you should take care of. - There is no formal age limit to take the test. While most of the students who take it are in the age group of 17-19, older candidates are also allowed to take the test. But this test alone will not guarantee admission to your preferred colleges. So, don’t forget to check with your college if they have any age limits. - While you can take the SAT as many times as you want, most students take it twice in their 11th and 12th grades. Ensure you take your final attempt at least 3 to 4 months before the application deadline. This leaves enough room for any delays in the scores and also gives you time to retake it should the need arise. - The College Board has prescribed no education qualifications. Since the test is for undergraduate admissions, it is assumed that only high-school students will take it. For more details about eligibility for specific college programs, it is most prudent to contact the college itself. SAT Registration 2024 Registrations for the SAT can be done digitally as well as via mail. - Visit the College Board website to read all the rules before initiating your registration. - Once you’re clear on that, you can visit the MySAT portal to begin your registration. - The first step is to create your account on the portal by filling in all the details and generating your password. - Choose the nearest test centre, your preferred test date, and your test slot. - Upload your photo to the portal, but ensure it meets the College Board requirements. - Have a payment method ready and pay your fees. You should get your confirmation soon. - Go to your school library and look for The Student Registration Guide for the SAT and SAT Subject Tests. - It will contain the offline registration form and return address marked envelope. - Fill out the form, create a fee demand draft, and seal the envelope. - Post it at the nearest post office. - The USIEF represents the College Board in India. All mail from India will be forwarded to them. You need to make sure that the date and slot you select for your test are final because cancelling the test at the last moment can be expensive. Test-takers will only be refunded $10 upon cancellation. It’s much better to reschedule the test if the need arises. |Date/Test Centre Change Fee before regular change deadline |Date/Test Centre Change Fee after regular change deadline |Late Registration Fee |Register by Phone SAT Exam Fees 2024 |Fees in USD |Fees in INR |SAT with Essay |SAT without Essay SAT Exam Pattern 2024 The digital SAT exam primarily consists of two sections – Reading+Writing and Math. Each section will further be divided into two equal-length modules. The first module of each section will be a mix of easy, moderate, and challenging questions. The questions will be MCQs and Student-Produced Responses. The next module will contain harder or easier questions based on how well you perform on it. The digital SAT exam has become adaptive, much like the GMAT and GRE. You will also get a break between the two sections. |Time Allotted (minutes) |Number of Questions/Tasks |Reading and Writing |64 (two 32-minute modules) |70 (two 35-minute modules) SAT Exam Syllabus 2024 The SAT exam syllabus for 2024 will be based on much of the same curriculum taught in high schools. With strategic practice from the right resources, you can complete the syllabus, gain the right test-taking skills, and do well on the SAT. A good grasp of the syllabus will help you create a targeted strategy for your SAT exam preparation. SAT Reading and Writing In the SAT reading and writing section, you’ll be tested in four spheres of language: Craft and Structure In this part, the questions will revolve around comprehension, vocabulary, analysis, synthesis, and reasoning skills within a given context. You will also be expected to evaluate texts and form connections between them. Information and Ideas You’ll be expected to locate data in graphical and visual representation, interpret it, evaluate it, and integrate it within the larger context. Standard English Conventions In this section, you’ll be tested on your grasp of standard English conventions that dictate daily usage. The conventions can range from sentence structure, phrases, vocabulary, usage, and punctuation. Expression of Ideas You’ll have to work on the given written texts to make them more effective at conveying the included ideas. - Linear equations in one variable - Linear equations in two variables - Linear functions - Systems of two linear equations in two variables - Linear inequalities in one or two variables - Equivalent expressions - Nonlinear equations in one variable and systems of equations in two variables - Nonlinear functions Problem-solving and data analysis - Ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and units - One-variable data: distributions and measures of centre and spread - Two-variable data: models and scatterplots - Probability and conditional probability - Inference from sample statistics and margin of error - Evaluating statistical claims: observational studies and Experiments Geometry and Trigonometry - Area and volume - Lines, angles, and triangles - Right triangles and trigonometry SAT Admit Card 2024 Your admit card for the SAT is a crucial document without which you won’t be allowed to sit for the test. You need to carry a printout of the admit card with you along with other identification, such as your passport. The admit card can be accessed from the official SAT portal. Visit MySAT, login, and you’ll find the print admit ticket option in the drop-down menu. Download it, print it out, and always keep it with you. SAT Exam Centres 2024 With over 73 centres spread across 44 cities, students can easily find a centre near their place that is easily accessible. It is advisable to book the centres in advance to ensure you don’t end up having to travel too far. You can quickly look up the nearest centre in your city on the official website. Nonetheless, we’ve compiled a list of all the centres across all the Indian cities. |Name of city |Name of SAT exam centre |Delhi Public School, Bhopal |Ahmedabad International School, Bodakdev |Spring Dale Sr School |Bangalore International School |Bishop Cotton Boys School |Canadian International School |The International School Bangalore |Sangam School Of Excellence |Billabong High International School Bhopal |Eastern Public School |Mother’s Public School |Sai International School |Strawberry Fields High School |Asan Memorial Sr Sec Sch |Cps Global School Chennai |Sacred Heart College |Chinmaya International Residential School |Cs Academy Coimbatore |The Doon School |Navrachana International School |Pathways World School |Heritage Xperiential Learning School |Shri Ram School |7i World School |Chirec Public School |Delhi Public School |Indus International School Hyderabad |Oakridge International School |Rockwell International School |Sreenidhi International School |Emerald Heights International School |Jayshree Periwal International School |Allen House Public School Khalasi |Kodaikanal International School |Calcutta International School |La Martiniere For Boys School |South City Intl School |United States-India Educational Foundation |Indus Valley World School |Assembly Of God Church School |City Montessori Intercollege |Sat Paul Mittal School |Madurai, Tamilnadu, India |Vikaasa World School |American International School |Alphabet International School |Learning Paths School |Aditya Birla World Academy |Anjuman Islam High School |Bombay Teachers Training College |Cathedral And John Connon School |Jamnabai Narsee School |Oberoi Intl School |Singapore Intl School |Nes International School Mumbai |B D Somani International School |Billabong High Intl School |Fravashi International Academy |Centre Point School |Metro Delhi International School |St Michael’s Sr Sec. School |United States-India Educational Foundation |All India Inst. Of Local Self Gov |Sunshine Worldwide School |Good Shepherd International School |Mahindra United World College Of India |University Of Pune |Nh Goel World School |P V Patel Smarak Trust Galaxy School |Bodhi International School |Delhi Public School Ranchi |G D Goenka World School |Trivandrum International School |Delhi Public School, Vijayawada |Cathedral Vidya School Lonavala |Oakridge International School, Vizag Each section on the SAT is scored out of 800 with a minimum possible score of 400. The full range of the score is anywhere between 800 to 1600. The average SAT score is around 1050, while the median is about 1000. Most colleges will accept 1200+ scores from international students. But the most competitive ones, such as Harvard, Stanford, and NYU, have students with average scores north of 1450. Your target SAT score should be derived from the average score of your chosen college. An excellent score to target is 50 points more than the average score. Most colleges do not have any SAT cut-offs. The SAT scores are considered part of a holistic application – other parts, such as your essays, grades, and extracurriculars – also hold a lot of weight. Despite that, a high SAT score can play to your advantage in other ways. It can help you show colleges how prepared you are to face the rigours of highly demanding courseware. Good SAT scores can also be used to cover up weaker parts of your overall application. As mentioned above, a good way to lock in your SAT score is to look at the average SAT score for your target program. We’ve compiled the estimated SAT scores for several colleges below: |Universities in the USA |SAT Exam Cut-offs 2023 |University of Chicago |Johns Hopkins University |University of Michigan |University of California, Berkeley |New York University |Universities in Canada |SAT Cut-Offs 2023 |University of Toronto |University of British Columbia |University of Montreal |University of Calgary |Simon Fraser University With the new digital SAT exam, your SAT results will be out in a few days instead of waiting for several weeks. You can also get rush scores delivered to your chosen colleges in a couple of days by paying $31 extra for that service. The official score report can be checked by logging into your MySAT portal and downloading a detailed copy of the score breakdown. The official score report will be forwarded to four schools for free as part of the SAT exam package. You’ll need to pay $12 per additional report to get your scores across to any more schools. SAT Preparation Strategy for the 2024 Exam The SAT scores can play an outsized role in convincing admission committees about your competence and viability for a top-notch college program. That’s why you must put in a lot of effort to study for the SAT 2024 exam. Here are a few tips you can look into to boost your SAT 2024 preparation. - Buy the Official Digital SAT Study Guide by the College Board. It contains a vast array of different questions and detailed solutions, along with practice mock tests. - Before you begin your prep, give a full-length diagnostic mock to gauge where you stand right now. You can download up to 8 mock tests from the official College Board website. - Analyse the results and document your weaknesses and strengths. Allocate more hours to topics that you need to work on. - Indian students usually don’t face trouble with the SAT math section, but the verbal one can be a tough nut to crack. Spend time shoring up on your vocabulary, reading articles, blogs, and books, and revising basic grammar. Then, go through the entire verbal section from the Official SAT guide. - Keep giving as many practice tests as you can. Ideally, by the end of your prep, you should’ve given at least 8 of them. - If you have trouble sourcing suitable material, consider joining a coaching program like the one IMS offers. The IMS SAT Live Online program has over 48 hours of live online teacher-student interaction, thousands of practice questions, and ten mock tests. The program also gives you free access to the Official SAT Study Guide to supplement your efforts. SAT 2024 Sample Papers Like every other test, the success of your SAT prep, too, hinges on how effectively you give your SAT 2024 sample papers. Try giving at least 8 of them in actual exam-like conditions to see how well you perform under pressure. After giving each one of them, analyse your results thoroughly. This is your window into your own growth – how much have you improved since your first diagnostic test. Track your improvement and find ways to reach your target score. Regularly giving these tests will also help you improve your time management strategy. You’ll be able to find the parts wherein you inadvertently end up spending the most time. Lastly, you’ll also get the opportunity to work on your guessing ability. Since the test has no negative marking, forwarding an educated guess is always better than leaving it blank. FAQs on SAT 2024 1. What is the SAT exam given for? The SAT is for undergraduate college admission abroad, primarily in Canada and the USA. 2. Is SAT 2024 easy for Indian students? While Indian students might find the Math section easy, the Reading and Writing sections will require dedicated practice. 3. Can I take the SAT exam after the 12th? Yes, you can take the exam after the 12th. Most students take it at least twice to bring their scores up. 4. Can I use a calculator while taking the SAT? The new Digital SAT edition has an inbuilt calculator in the device itself. Unlike previous paper-based editions, bringing your own calculator is no longer compulsory. 5. Are SAT subject tests still available in 2024? No, SAT subject tests have been discontinued since 2021. 6. Do all US universities require the SAT? No, most universities have either gone test-optional or test-blind, meaning they don’t require you to take the SAT compulsorily. Despite that, 12 lakh students take the SAT yearly to improve their overall applications. 7. How long is the SAT 2024 exam score valid? The SAT 2024 exam score is valid for five years from the day you first took it.

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Terms and Conditions NATURE’S HERITAGE CANNABIS TERMS OF SERVICE BY ENTERING ACCESSING, BROWSING, SUBMITTING INFORMATION TO, OR OTHERWISE USING THIS WEBSITE (THE “SITE”), YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS AND REPRESENT AND WARRANT THAT YOU ARE TWENTY-ONE (21) YEARS OLD OR OLDER. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS OR YOU ARE YOUNGER THAN TWENTY-ONE (21) YEARS OLD, DO NOT USE THIS SITE. FURTHER, THE SERVICES OFFERED BY US THROUGH THIS SITE ARE AVAILABLE ONLY TO USERS IN THE STATES OF MASSACHUSETTS, MARYLAND, AND DELAWARE (WHICH AREAS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE). These Terms of Service set out the terms on which MariMed Inc. (“MariMed”) provides access to the website (the “Site”) offered by Marimed, which provides information regarding various product brands (the “Products”) offered for adult and medical use at specified dispensaries. Throughout the Site, the terms “we”, “us” and “our” refer to MariMed. MariMed offers this Site, including all information, tools and services available from this Site to you, the user, conditioned upon your acceptance of all terms, conditions, policies and notices stated here. By visiting our Site, you affirm that you are at least twenty-one (21) years old, are a registered member of a medical marijuana program or reside in a state where adult recreational use of cannabis is legal, and agree to be bound by the following terms and conditions (“Terms of Service”, “Terms”), including those additional terms and conditions and policies referenced herein and/or available by hyperlink. These Terms of Service apply to all users of the Site, including without limitation users who are browsers, vendors, customers, merchants, and/ or contributors of content. Please read these Terms of Service carefully before accessing or using our Site. By accessing or using any part of the Site, you agree to be bound by these Terms of Service. If you do not agree to all the terms and conditions of this agreement, then you may not access the Site or utilize the Services. If these Terms of Service are considered an offer, acceptance is expressly limited to these Terms of Service. Any new features or tools which are added to the Site or Service shall also be subject to the Terms of Service. You can review the most current version of the Terms of Service at any time on this page. We reserve the right to update, change or replace any part of these Terms of Service by posting updates and/or changes to our Site. It is your responsibility to check this page periodically for changes. Your continued use of or access to the Site following the posting of any changes constitutes acceptance of those changes. THESE TERMS OF SERVICE CREATE A BINDING LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND MARIMED, AND INCLUDE AN ARBITRATION CLAUSE UNDER WHICH CERTAIN CLAIMS MAY NOT BE BROUGHT IN COURT OR DECIDED BY A JURY. PLEASE READ THESE TERMS CAREFULLY. SECTION 1 - OWNERSHIP RIGHTS The Service, including all aspects of the Site, is the property of, and owned by, MariMed or its licensors. All the software, algorithms, functionality, inventions, concepts, text, photographs, images, marks, logos, recipes, compilations, content and technology used to deliver the Service or otherwise embodied in, displayed through, or provided directly or indirectly (e.g., emails or other communications from us to you) via, the Service are “Our Property.”Except as otherwise expressly permitted by these Terms of Service, any use, copying, making derivative works, transmitting, posting, linking, deep linking, framing, redistribution, sale, decompilation, modification, reverse engineering, translation or disassembly of Our Property is prohibited. You acknowledge that Our Property has been created, compiled, developed and maintained by us at great expense of time and money such that misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure or use of Our Property by others for commercial gain would unfairly and irreparably harm us in a manner for which damages would not be an adequate remedy, and you consent to our obtaining injunctive relief to restrain any breach or threatened breach of these Terms of Service, without any requirement to post bond. The mark MARIMED and any associated logos, are registered or unregistered trademarks or service marks of MariMed or its licensors. You may not use them, or any of our other marks or logos, in any manner, including any use that is likely to cause confusion or that disparages or discredits us, without our consent. The Service may also feature the trademarks, service marks, and logos of third parties, and each owner retains all rights in such marks. Any use of such marks, or any others displayed on the Service, will inure solely to the benefit of their respective owners. Subject to the terms and conditions herein, we grant you the non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited, revocable right to access and use Our Property solely to the extent necessary for you to use the Service, as permitted by this Agreement, solely for your personal non-commercial use. We reserve all other rights. For clarity and without limiting other obligations herein, you shall not distribute or otherwise commercialize Our Property. SECTION 2 – MEDICAL DISCLAIMER; INFORMATION DISCLAIMER We are not engaged in rendering medical or similar healthcare advice or services via the Service. The information provided via the Service should not be interpreted as a substitute for consultation, evaluation or treatment by qualified healthcare professionals, and the information made available on or through the Service should not be relied upon when making medical decisions or to diagnose or treat a medical or health condition. You represent to us (which representation shall be deemed to be made each time you use the Service) that you are not using the Service for the purpose of seeking medical attention. You should consult your medical, health or other competent professional before undertaking to use any Product on for medical use. We specifically disclaim all responsibility for any liability, loss or risk, personal or otherwise, that is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use or contents of the Service. THE SERVICE IS NOT DESIGNED TO PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE OR FACILITATE MEDICAL EMERGENCIES. ALWAYS SEEK THE ADVICE OF YOUR PHYSICIAN OR OTHER QUALIFIED HEALTH PROVIDER WITH ANY QUESTIONS YOU MAY HAVE REGARDING YOUR HEALTH. NEVER DISREGARD PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL ADVICE OR DELAY IN SEEKING IT BECAUSE OF SOMETHING YOU HAVE READ ON THIS SITE OR THROUGH THE SERVICE. IF YOU THINK YOU HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY, CALL YOUR DOCTOR OR 911 IMMEDIATELY. DO NOT RELY ON ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS OR COMMUNICATION THROUGH THE SERVICE FOR IMMEDIATE, URGENT MEDICAL NEEDS. We are not responsible if information made available on this Site is not accurate, complete or current. The material on this Site is provided for general information only and should not be relied upon or used as the sole basis for making decisions without consulting primary, more accurate, more complete or more timely sources of information. Any reliance on the material on this Site is at your own risk. SECTION 3 - MODIFICATIONS TO THE SERVICE AND PRICES Prices for our Products are subject to change without notice. We reserve the right at any time to modify or discontinue the Service (or any part or content thereof) without notice at any time. We shall not be liable to you or to any third-party for any modification, price change, suspension or discontinuance of the Service. SECTION 4 - PRODUCTS We do not sell Products through the Site or the Service. Rather, we permit website users to obtain information regarding our brands and where Products may be sold. We limit the sales of our Products to individuals over the age of twenty-one (21), in geographic regions or jurisdictions where cannabis is legal for purchase for recreational use or, if the purchaser is a verified member of a medical cannabis program, for medical use. We reserve the right to limit the quantities of any Products that we offer. All descriptions of Products and Product pricing are subject to change at any time without notice, at our sole discretion. We reserve the right to discontinue any Product at any time. Any offer for any Product made on this Site is void where prohibited. We do not warrant that the quality of any Products, services, information, or other material purchased or obtained by you will meet your expectations, or that any errors in the Service will be corrected. WE ATTEMPT TO INCLUDE ACCURATE DEPICTIONS OF OUR PRODUCTS ON THE SITE AND ON LABELING, BUT DO NOT GUARANTEE ACCURACY AND DISCLAIM ALL LIABILITY FROM YOUR RELIANCE ON SUCH INFORMATION. SECTION 5 - ACCOUNT INFORMATION SECTION 6 - THIRD-PARTY LINKS Certain content and services available via our Service may include materials from third-parties. Third-party links on this Site may direct you to third-party websites that are not affiliated with us. We are not responsible for examining or evaluating the content or accuracy and we do not warrant and will not have any liability or responsibility for any third-party materials or websites, or for any other materials, products, or services of third-parties. We are not liable for any harm or damages related to the purchase or use of goods, services, resources, content, or any other transactions made in connection with any third-party websites. Please review carefully the third-party's policies and practices and make sure you understand them before you engage in any transaction. Complaints, claims, concerns, or questions regarding third-party products should be directed to the third-party. SECTION 7 - USER COMMENTS, FEEDBACK AND OTHER SUBMISSIONS If, at our request, you send certain specific submissions (for example contest entries) or without a request from us you send creative ideas, suggestions, proposals, plans, or other materials, whether online, by email, by postal mail, or otherwise (collectively, 'comments'), you agree that we may, at any time, without restriction, edit, copy, publish, distribute, translate and otherwise use in any medium any comments that you forward to us. We are and shall be under no obligation (1) to maintain any comments in confidence; (2) to pay compensation for any comments; or (3) to respond to any comments. We may, but have no obligation to, monitor, edit or remove content that we determine in our sole discretion are unlawful, offensive, threatening, libelous, defamatory, pornographic, obscene or otherwise objectionable or violates any party’s intellectual property or these Terms of Service. You agree that your comments will not violate any right of any third-party, including copyright, trademark, privacy, publicity or other personal or proprietary right. You further agree that your comments will not contain libelous or otherwise unlawful, abusive or obscene material, or contain any computer virus or other malware that could in any way affect the operation of the Service or any related website. You may not use a false e‑mail address, pretend to be someone other than yourself, or otherwise mislead us or third-parties as to the origin of any comments. You are solely responsible for any comments you make and their accuracy. We take no responsibility and assume no liability for any comments posted by you or any third-party. SECTION 8 - PERSONAL INFORMATION You understand that your content, may be transferred unencrypted and involve (a) transmissions over various networks; and (b) changes to conform and adapt to technical requirements of connecting networks or devices. SECTION 9 - ERRORS, INACCURACIES AND OMISSIONS Occasionally there may be information on our Site or in the Service that contains typographical errors, inaccuracies or omissions that may relate to Product descriptions, pricing, promotions, offers, and Product availability. We reserve the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions, and to change or update information if any information in the Service or on any related website is inaccurate at any time without prior notice (including after you have submitted your reservation). We undertake no obligation to update, amend or clarify information in the Service or the Site, including without limitation, pricing information, except as required by law. No specified update or refresh date applied in the Service or the Site, should be taken to indicate that all information in the Service or the Site has been modified or updated. SECTION 11 - PROHIBITED USES You agree not to reproduce, duplicate, copy, sell, resell or exploit any portion of the Service, use of the Service, or access to the Service or any content on the Site, without express written permission by us. You must not: (a) take any action that imposes or may impose an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on the Service or its infrastructure, or bypass any measures we may use to prevent or restrict access to any portion of the Service (or other accounts, networks or services connected thereto); (b) distribute or otherwise make available any information or other content obtained through the Service to any third party, except as expressly permitted herein; (c) otherwise interfere in any manner with the use or operation of the Service; or (d) use the Service in the development, directly or indirectly, of any product, software or service that offers any functionality substantially similar to, or competitive with, the Service, or to promote or advertise other businesses. You are prohibited from using the Site or its content: (a) for any unlawful purpose; (b) to solicit others to perform or participate in any unlawful acts; (c) to violate any international, federal, provincial or state regulations, rules, laws, or local ordinances; (d) to infringe upon or violate our intellectual property rights or the intellectual property rights of others; (e) to harass, abuse, insult, harm, defame, slander, disparage, intimidate, or discriminate based on gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, race, age, national origin, or disability; (f) to submit false or misleading information; (g) to upload or transmit viruses or any other type of malicious code that will or may be used in any way that will affect the functionality or operation of the Service or of any related website, other websites, or the Internet; (h) to harvest, collect or track information, including personal information, of others; (i) to spam, phish, pharm, pretext, spider, crawl, or scrape; or (j) to interfere with or circumvent the security features of the Service or any related website, other websites, or the Internet. We reserve the right to investigate any claim that use of the Service does not conform to these Terms of Service and to terminate your use of the Service or any related website for violating any of the prohibited uses. SECTION 11 - DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES; LIMITATION OF LIABILITY We do not guarantee, represent or warrant that your use of our Service will be uninterrupted, timely, secure or error-free. We do not warrant that the results that may be obtained from the use of the Service will be accurate or reliable. You agree that from time to time we may remove or make unavailable the Service, or Products offered on the Site, for indefinite periods of time or cancel the Service at any time, without notice to you. You expressly agree that your use of, or inability to use, the Service is at your sole risk. THE SERVICE AND ALL PRODUCTS OFFERED AND SERVICES DELIVERED TO YOU THROUGH THE SERVICE ARE (EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED BY US) PROVIDED 'AS IS' AND 'AS AVAILABLE' FOR YOUR USE, WITHOUT ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, MERCHANTABLE QUALITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, DURABILITY, TITLE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO CASE SHALL MARIMED, OUR DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AFFILIATES, AGENTS, CONTRACTORS, SUPPLIERS, SERVICE PROVIDERS OR LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INJURY, LOSS, CLAIM, OR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS, LOST REVENUE, LOST SAVINGS, LOSS OF DATA, REPLACEMENT COSTS, OR ANY SIMILAR DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM YOUR USE OF ANY OF THE SERVICE OR ANY PRODUCTS OFFERED THROUGH THE SERVICE, OR FOR ANY OTHER CLAIM RELATED IN ANY WAY TO YOUR USE OF THE SERVICE OR ANY PRODUCT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN ANY CONTENT, OR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF THE SERVICE OR ANY CONTENT (OR PRODUCT) POSTED, TRANSMITTED, OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE VIA THE SERVICE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THEIR POSSIBILITY. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, OUR MAXIMUM AGGREGATE LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO THESE TERMS OF SERVICE, THE SERVICE, THE PRODUCTS OR OUR PROPERTY, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR OTHERWISE, SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNTS PAID BY YOU TO US FOR PRODUCTS IN THE PRIOR YEAR (OR, IF YOU ARE A NON- PAYING USER, TO THE AMOUNT OF $10). BECAUSE SOME STATES OR JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR THE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, IN SUCH STATES OR JURISDICTIONS, OUR LIABILITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. SECTION 12 - INDEMNIFICATION You agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless MariMed and our parent, subsidiaries, affiliates, partners, officers, directors, agents, contractors, licensors, service providers, subcontractors, suppliers, and employees, harmless from any claim or demand, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, due to or arising out of your breach of these Terms of Service or the documents they incorporate by reference, your violation of any law or the rights of a third-party, or your use of the Service, (but excluding any liabilities to the extent caused by our gross negligence or willful misconduct). SECTION 13 - SEVERABILITY In the event that any provision of these Terms of Service is determined to be unlawful, void or unenforceable, such provision shall nonetheless be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, and the unenforceable portion shall be deemed to be severed from these Terms of Service, such determination shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any other remaining provisions. SECTION 14 - TERMINATION These Terms of Service are effective unless and until terminated by either you or us. You may terminate these Terms of Service at any time by notifying us that you no longer wish to use our Services, or when you cease using our Site. If in our sole judgment you fail, or we suspect that you have failed, to comply with any term or provision of these Terms of Service, we also may terminate this agreement at any time without notice and you will remain liable for all amounts due up to and including the date of termination; and/or accordingly may deny you access to our Services (or any part thereof). If these Terms of Service are terminated for any reason or no reason, you agree that we shall not be liable to you, or any third party, for compensation, reimbursement, or damages in connection with such termination. Failure to comply with these Terms of Service which may result in the suspension or termination of your MariMed account. Upon termination, your account registration information will be deactivated and may no longer be retrievable by you. Please note, however, that information you enter or accept into your MariMed account is backed-up and saved on a server and as such, we cannot guarantee that information that has been deleted from your MariMed account will not be available elsewhere. The obligations and liabilities of the parties incurred prior to the termination date, and Sections 1-15, 17, 18, and 21-23 shall survive the termination of these Terms for all purposes. SECTION 15 – CHILDREN The Service is not offered to individuals under the age of 21. The Service does not knowingly collect personal information from children under the age of 13. If you are under 21, you are not permitted to use the Service or to send personal information to MariMed. SECTION 16– GEOGRAPHY We provide the Service from the United States. The Service is available for use only by persons located in the following states of the United States: Massachusetts, Maryland, and Delaware, and Products are only available at the locations set forth on the Site. We do not offer Products outside of the United States. We make no claims that the Service or any of its content or the Products are accessible or appropriate outside of the locations stated above. Access to the Service may not be legal by certain persons, in certain states, or in certain countries. If you access the Site from outside the United States, you do so on your own initiative and are responsible for compliance with local laws. SECTION 17 – WAIVER; ENTIRE AGREEMENT Our failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms of Service shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. These Terms of Service and any policies or operating rules posted by us on this Site or in respect to The Service constitutes the entire agreement and understanding between you and us and govern your use of the Service, superseding any prior or contemporaneous agreements, communications and proposals, whether oral or written, between you and us (including, but not limited to, any prior versions of the Terms of Service). Any ambiguities in the interpretation of these Terms of Service shall not be construed against the drafting party. SECTION 18 - GOVERNING LAW AND ARBITRATION These Terms of Service and any separate agreements whereby we provide you Services shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, USA, without regarding to conflicts of law principles. We will attempt to resolve disputes with users to their satisfaction. If, however, a matter arises that cannot be resolved promptly between you and us, you agree that any disputes arising out of or relating to the Service, your purchase or receipt of Products or these Terms of Service (including the validity and scope of the agreement to arbitrate and any disputes with other customers of the Service) shall be resolved exclusively by final and binding arbitration administered by the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) under the Federal Arbitration Act, and shall be conducted before a single arbitrator pursuant to the applicable Rules and Procedures established by the AAA (for information on the AAA and its rules, see adr.org). You agree that the arbitration shall be held in Boston, Massachusetts unless the AAA or the arbitrator shall determine that venue in such city is unreasonably burdensome, in which case the AAA or the arbitrator shall select a venue that is not unreasonably burdensome to both you and us. You agree that, if the AAA shall be unavailable or decline to administer the arbitration, and the parties do not agree on a substitute, a substitute administrator or arbitrator shall be appointed by the court. The arbitrator may render early or summary disposition of some or all issues, after the parties have had a reasonable opportunity to make submissions on these issues. At MariMed’s option, this provision shall not apply to claims of patent, trademark, or copyright infringement or misappropriation of trade secrets (collectively, “IP Claims”). With respect to any IP Claims that are not subject to arbitration under the above provision, you hereby consent to non-exclusive jurisdiction and venue in any federal or state court located within Boston, Massachusetts, with respect to any suit, claim or cause of action arising from or relating to the Service or this Agreement, and you shall not bring any such suit, claim or cause of action except in a court located within Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. You agree that any arbitration shall not permit claims on a class, mass, representative, or private attorney general basis.You further agree that no claims of other parties may be consolidated with your or our claims in the arbitration without both your and our consent.YOU ARE WAIVING YOUR RIGHTS TO HAVE YOUR CASE DECIDED BY A JURY AND TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS, MASS, REPRESENTATIVE, PRIVATE ATTORNEY GENERAL, OR CONSOLIDATED ACTION AGAINST US. If any part of this Arbitration clause is later deemed invalid as a matter of law, then it shall be severed and the remaining portions of this section shall remain in effect, with the exception that if the preceding paragraph is deemed invalid, then this entire section shall be deemed invalid and the arbitration clause shall be void. SECTION 19 - FORCE MAJEURE MariMed will not be liable for delay or non-performance of any of its obligations hereunder or its performance of the Service to the extent that such performance is prevented, prohibited or delayed, or such loss or destruction is caused, by any circumstance for reasons beyond its control including without limitation, labor disputes, fire, flood, natural disaster, war blockade, military operations, riot, civil commotion, plant breakdown, power outage, computer or other equipment failure or non-delivery or delays in delivery by any other suppliers of goods or services utilized in the performance of Services under this Agreement, provided that MariMed completes performance of the Service within a reasonable time after such circumstances are resolved. SECTION 20 - CHANGES TO TERMS OF SERVICE You can review the most current version of the Terms of Service at any time at this page. We reserve the right, at our sole discretion, to update, change or replace any part of these Terms of Service by posting updates and changes on our Site. It is your responsibility to check our Site periodically for changes. Your continued use of or access to our Site or the Service following the posting of any changes to these Terms of Service constitutes acceptance of those changes. SECTION 21 – MISCELLANEOUS We may assign or otherwise transfer or delegate these Terms of Service (including any rights or obligations hereunder), including to any purchaser of our business in our sole discretion. These Terms of Service will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties’ successors and permitted assigns. You agree that the electronic text of these Terms of Service constitutes a writing and your assent to the terms and conditions hereof constitutes a “signing” for all purposes. As used herein and unless the intent is expressly otherwise in a specific instance, the terms “include,” “includes” or “including” shall not be limiting and “or” shall not be exclusive. Any section headings herein are for convenience only and do not form a part of, and will not be used in the interpretation of, the substantive provisions of this Agreement. You agree that email to your email address on record will constitute formal notice under these Terms of Service. The headings used in these Terms are included for convenience only and will not limit or otherwise affect these Terms. SECTION 22 - CONTACT INFORMATION Questions about the Terms of Service should be sent to us at [email protected]

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June 6, 2022 NEW YORK – New York City Mayor Eric Adams today announced the reappointment of Annabel Palma as commissioner and chair of the New York City Commission on Human Rights (CCHR). Palma will continue to lead the enforcement of New York City’s human rights law — one of the most comprehensive civil rights laws in the nation. Under her leadership, CCHR has expanded current protections to include domestic workers and additional salary transparency safeguards, as well as developed new trainings to combat antisemitism in New York City. “The work that Annabel Palma has done at the New York City Commission on human rights speaks to the commitment and dedication she has for the well-being of all New Yorkers,” said Mayor Adams. “Through her leadership, the commission is working hard to enforce our human rights law, combat discrimination and harassment in their many forms, and be a resource to our residents no matter how they identify in the diversity of our great city. New Yorkers are lucky to have Annabel as an advocate in this important role.” “Reappointing Annabel Palma as commissioner to the New York City Commission on Human Rights is a win for all New Yorkers, especially the most vulnerable among us,” said Chief Counsel Brendan McGuire. “No one works as hard as Annabel to protect the civil rights of the people in our city. I look forward to continuing to work with her to further the mission of this important agency.” “It is truly an honor and privilege to continue to serve New Yorkers as chair and commissioner of the New York City Commission on Human Rights. I have experienced discrimination and harassment, witnessed its impacts in my community, and dedicated my career to fostering change, so I take the responsibility to protect all New Yorkers very seriously,” said New York City Commission on Human Rights Commissioner and Chair Annabel Palma. “While New York City has one of the most expansive human rights laws in the country, there is always more work to do to make human rights a reality, and we are ready to collaborate with all stakeholders to meet this challenge. I want to thank Mayor Adams for the opportunity to continue to lead this important city agency and to continue to fight for a more inclusive and welcoming city, free of discrimination, for all of us.” “I had the pleasure of working with Annabel Palma when she was councilmember for the 18th district during my time as Bronx Borough president, and I’m thrilled to work alongside her again as a part of the Adams administration,” said New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development Commissioner Adolfo Carrión Jr. “Commissioner Palma draws from her experience as a health care worker, a labor leader, and, especially, as a mom and wife to inform her work and make government more responsive to the needs of all New Yorkers. Her reappointment is a testament to her proven track record of fighting on behalf of New Yorkers’ rights.” “Commissioner Palma’s unwavering dedication to upholding the rights of vulnerable New Yorkers while serving and supporting our underserved communities in various capacities throughout her career has been nothing short of inspiring,” said New York City Department of Social Services Commissioner Gary P. Jenkins. “In drawing from her own life experiences, she brings profound empathy to her work and a great understanding of the challenges facing New Yorkers in need. I have had the honor of working with Commissioner Palma to make our city more equitable and inclusive, and I greatly look forward to building on this partnership as she continues to lead CCHR.” “Over her career in public service, Annabel Palma has shown an unwavering commitment to the most marginalized communities in the city, which is why she is such an inspired choice by Mayor Adams to lead the New York City Commission on Human Rights,” said New York City Department of Transportation Commissioner Ydanis Rodriguez. “It was an honor to serve in the New York City Council alongside Commissioner Palma, and I am confident that she will continue to serve with distinction — protecting and expanding the rights of all New Yorkers.” “Commissioner Palma has years of experience as a distinguished public servant who truly knows New York City’s diverse community needs,” said New York City Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs Commissioner Manuel Castro. “I congratulate her on her reappointment and look forward to working alongside her and her team to protect all New Yorkers, regardless of immigration status.” “I’m thrilled that Chair and Commissioner Palma has been reappointed to lead CCHR’s critical work defending and protecting all New Yorkers’ civil and human rights, especially survivors of domestic and gender-based violence,” said New York City Mayor’s Office to End Domestic and Gender-Based Violence Commissioner Cecile Noel. “We look forward to continuing to partner with the CCHR to make sure survivors know their rights and live free from discrimination.” “Congratulations to my friend and former colleague Annabel Palma on being reappointed commissioner and chair of the Commission on Human Rights by Mayor Eric Adams,” said Bronx Borough President Vanessa L. Gibson. “During her time as commissioner under the previous administration, Commissioner Palma fought for the rights of all New Yorkers and advocated for diversity and inclusion. I know under the leadership of Mayor Adams, she will continue to fight for historically underserved communities throughout our city. I wish Commissioner Palma the very best, and I know she will continue to lead the Commission on Human Rights in combating discrimination and providing opportunities for all New Yorkers regardless of race, gender, age, and income.” “Commissioner Palma’s career exemplifies her commitment and dedication to fighting for a diverse and just city for all New Yorkers,” said Manhattan Borough President Mark Levine. “She has a proven track record across many fields, and, having personally worked with her in the New York City Council, I know she is the ideal voice to lead the New York City Commission on Human Rights. She will continue to work tirelessly for our most vulnerable communities and ensure that all New Yorkers are aware and protected by the city’s human rights law. I am excited to continue working with her.” “Annabel Palma has proven she has the skill, smarts, and savvy to effectively lead the Commission on Human Rights during these challenging times,” said Queens Borough President Donovan Richards Jr. “I congratulate Commissioner Palma on her reappointment from Mayor Adams to carry on leading this vitally important agency. I look forward to continuing to work with Commissioner Palma in supporting the commission’s mission to fight discrimination and promote harmonious relations among our city’s diverse communities.” “Annabel Palma is a dedicated public servant and has been her entire life,” said New York State Assemblymember Kenny Burgos. “I am confident in her commitment to ensuring civil and human rights for all New Yorkers, regardless of gender, creed, sexual orientation, or social economic status. I am ecstatic Commissioner Palma has been reappointed as commissioner and chair of the New York City Commission on Human Rights, as she will continue to be an incredible voice and advocate. I can’t wait to watch her succeed in this role.” “At a time when civil and human rights are increasingly under attack, New York City needs a strong Commission on Human Rights to enforce protections for all New Yorkers,” said New York City Council Speaker Adrienne Adams. “Commissioner Annabel Palma has led this agency well since her appointment last October, and I am glad to see Mayor Adams has reappointed her to this important position. I look forward to continuing to work with Commissioner Palma to support New Yorkers’ rights.” “As chair of the Committee on Civil and Human Rights, I have had the pleasure to work with Commissioner Palma and the rest of the team at the Commission on Human Rights,” said New York City Councilmember Nantasha Williams, chair, Committee on Civil and Human Rights. “I am excited for Commissioner Palma’s reappointment as chair of this agency, and I am looking forward to continue working together.” “Commissioner Palma has dedicated her life to public service,” said New York City Councilmember Erik Bottcher. “I’ve had the pleasure of working with her for years, and I’m excited to continue doing so as a Councilmember.” “I served alongside Annabel in the City Council and know she is a distinguished leader firmly committed to advancing equity and justice for all New Yorkers,” said New York City Councilmember Gale A. Brewer. “I congratulate her on being reappointed as the commissioner of New York City Human Rights Commission.” “I am thrilled to see that Annabel Palma has been reappointed by Mayor Eric Adams as the commissioner and chair of the New York City Commission on Human Rights,” said New York City Councilmember Amanda Farías. “Commissioner Palma was my Councilmember from 2004 to 2017 and has been a great influence in our local government for young women of color, like myself, and Bronxites. It is so meaningful that our city has not only a Latina but also a dedicated Bronxite at the wheel of enforcing our city’s human rights law — one of the most comprehensive civil rights laws in the nation. The commissioner has an unparalleled record of fighting for those who are most affected by systematic oppression and historical disenfranchisement. Whether it was fighting as a 1199 healthcare worker, working for equity in COVID-19 testing, or fighting for investments to be made in the Southeast Bronx, it is clear that Commissioner Palma has the dedication, expertise, and sense of urgency to, again, be a fantastic commissioner. Congratulations to Commissioner Annabel Palma on your re-appointment and to Mayor Eric Adams for having a truly great advocate on his team.” “Annabel Palma has a long-standing commitment to serving underserved communities across the city,” said New York City Councilmember Rafael Salamanca Jr. “As a former union organizer and City Councilmember, Commissioner Palma knows firsthand the struggles everyday New Yorkers face and has fought to deliver critical resources directly to the families who need it most. I am excited to continue working with her in her role as commissioner and chair of the Commission on Human Rights.” “Commissioner Palma has an incredible career of fighting inequities and ensuring access to critical programming for the people of New York City,” said New York City Councilmember Marjorie Velazquez. “Her experience at the New York City Council, as a union organizer, helping to lead NYC Test & Trace Corps, and as commissioner and chair of the Commission on Human Rights establish her as a leader. I’m excited to see Mayor Adams’ continued trust in her and to work with a fellow Bronxite hermana to provide better care for people.” “Annabel Palma is a well-respected and distinguished public servant, with great depth of knowledge of our diverse community needs, a proven track record of community service, and broad professional experience,” said Guillermo Chacon, president, Latino Commission on AIDS; founder, Hispanic Health Network. “Equality, social justice, and human rights have been the central focus of Commissioner Palma’s work. As a City Councilmember and as deputy commissioner at the New York City Department of Social Services, Commissioner Palma always champions opportunities for all. I congratulate Commissioner Palma on her reappointment as commissioner and chair for the Commission on Human Rights for our beloved New York City.” “I congratulate and look forward to working with Commissioner Annabel Palma with her reappointment by Mayor Eric Adams,” said Rocky Chin, former government civil rights attorney and member, New York City Commission on Human Rights. “Commissioner Palma is a longtime advocate for civil rights and social justice, who knows from personal and professional experience the importance of a strong and robust civil rights agency and building resilient partnerships in these troubling times.” “Annabel Palma has always been a staunch advocate for the most marginalized,” said Sean Coleman, executive director, Destination Tomorrow. “She has demonstrated time and time again her commitment to ensuring every New Yorker has access to equitable services. In a city that prides itself on diversity, Commissioner Palma makes sure those historically left behind have a voice.” “In these challenging times, so filled with hate and toxic polarity, we are grateful to Mayor Eric Adams for reappointing Annabel Palma as chair and commissioner of the New York City Commission on Human Rights,” said Rabbi Bob Kaplan, executive director, Center for Community Leadership, Jewish Community Relations Council of New York. “Under her insightful and wise leadership, the commission has dedicated itself to upholding the dignity of all New Yorkers making our city a more equitable place for all.” “South Queens Women’s March joins in congratulating Annabel Palma on her reappointment as commissioner and chair of the New York City Commission on Human Rights,” said Aminta Kilawan-Narine, founder and director, South Queens Women’s March. “Commissioner Palma has been an exemplary public servant, who has championed BIPOC communities, responding in real time to a global pandemic and ensuring that New Yorkers have what they need to survive and thrive. We know we can count on Commissioner Palma to center impacted people and to promote justice and equity across our city.” “I want to congratulate Commissioner Palma,” said Imam Tahir Kukaj, Albanian Islamic Center. “I support Mayor Adams’ decision to reappoint Annabel Palma as chair and commissioner of the Commission on Human Rights, and I believe that her experience and competencies are particularly well-suited.” “We congratulate Annabel Palma on her reappointment as commissioner and chair of the New York City Commission on Human Rights,” said Pastor Edward-Richard Hinds, president, 67th Precinct Clergy Council, “The GodSquad.” “Ms. Palma is an outstanding public servant, who has dedicated her time to rendering altruistic service in the fight for working families in our communities. In her role as chair and commissioner, we are confident that she will continue to be a champion for restorative justice against discrimination and bias and protecting the civil rights of New Yorkers.” “I applaud Mayor Adams’s reappointment of Annabel Palma to lead New York City’s Commission on Human Rights,” said Teresita R. Rodriguez, CEO, Apicha Community Health Center. “Her track record fighting for vulnerable communities — from senior citizens to underprivileged youth to people who experience homelessness or lack access to healthcare — demonstrates her commitment to New Yorkers. Her collaborative work with other New York City Councilmembers to provide support for people living with HIV/AIDS and the LGBTQ+ community has been invaluable. Apicha Community Health Center looks forward to partnering with Commissioner Palma and her agency to further health equity.” “The National Domestic Workers Alliance applauds New York City Mayor Adams for re-appointing Commissioner Palma to the city’s Commission on Human Rights,” said Marrisa Senteno, New York director, National Domestic Workers Alliance. “Commissioner Palma has been a great partner supporting the humanity and rights of domestic workers. The collaborative efforts that we have seen in education, outreach, and resources for some of the most marginalized workers shows CCHR’s long-standing commitment to human rights. The most recent enactment of Local Law 88 of 2021 — in which domestic workers, for the first time in New York City’s history, finally have the full weight of human rights protections in the workplace — is a monumental accomplishment for Commissioner Palma and the city. We have faith that, through the re-appointment of Commissioner Palma, CCHR and New York City will continue to do great things leading the way for human rights for all New Yorkers.” “Annabel Palma brings a wide range of experiences to the important position of commissioner and chair of the Commission on Human Rights,” said Monsignor Kevin Sullivan, executive director, Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of New York. “Her sensitivity, compassion, and dedication is needed even more today to fairly balance the complex human rights demands that the vibrant and diverse City of New York faces daily.” “Congratulations to Commissioner Palma on her reappointment to lead the New York City Commission on Human Rights,” said Glennda Testone, executive director, The LGBT Community Center. “So many of the communities represented at The Center rely on the hard-earned protections guaranteed by the city’s human rights law and by the work of CCHR. We look forward to continuing our work with Commissioner Palma to support this important agency’s work and to ensure that all New Yorkers, including every LGBTQ person, can live and thrive in our city.” “It is an honor to work with Commissioner Annabel Palma in her formal reappointment as commissioner and chair of the Human Rights Commission for the City of New York,” said Reverend Terry Troia, president, CEO of Project Hospitality. “In the wake of the horrific mass shooting in Buffalo, all of us are called to the task of ensuring the rights of all people — of all races, ethnicities, faiths, abilities, gender identity, sexual orientation, immigration, and social status — to live in safety and peace and be treated with justice and dignity. May all our work together as a commission make this safety, justice, dignity, and peace possible.” About Annabel Palma Annabel Palma currently serves as the chair and commissioner of the New York City Commission on Human Rights. Drawing on her own struggles with poverty, Commissioner Palma has dedicated her life to fight for workers’ rights and for fairer, more responsive representation for New York City’s many communities. In 2018, Palma was appointed to serve as deputy commissioner of strategic initiatives in the New York City Department of Social Services, where she continued a lifetime of advocacy and commitment fighting for the people of the Bronx and all of New York. In 2020, as the nation grappled with the impact of COVID-19, Palma joined the NYC Test + Trace Corps program to address the devastation COVID-19 was causing across New York City. The mission of the program was to deliver direct resources to all New Yorkers, especially those in the hardest-hit neighborhoods that historically have been marginalized. In 2003, Palma was elected to the New York City Council and dedicated her career to providing her community the voice they needed to fight for quality education, safer schools, good-paying jobs, affordable housing, a cleaner environment, and greater access to health care. She proudly served district 18 as a member of the New York City Council for 14 years. Palma’s experiences as a young, single mother, struggling to build a better life for her family, helped define her approach to the New York City Council and make government more responsive to the needs of the community. During her tenure, she was instrumental in delivering tens of millions of dollars for projects in district 18 to renovate senior centers, public schools, youth centers, and parks. Through her efforts and support, four of the district’s public libraries received funds that allowed them to open and operate six days per week. Her advocacy also allowed her to champion funds to expand and modernize Bronx institutions of higher education as well as various cultural institutions. Palma received her Certified Nursing Assistant certification from Bronx Community College. At St. Vincent De Paul Senior Residence, she became a practicing nursing assistant and was elected as a union representative in 1994. In 1998, Palma enrolled as a full-time student in Monroe College and earned her associate degree in business administration, while she worked a full-time job and raised her son. She graduated summa cum laude. In 1999, Palma joined the staff at 1199SEIU as a full-time organizer, where she developed her passion for public service by organizing and educating workers on the issues of unfair working conditions and leading health and safety trainings. Palma reports to Brendan McGuire, chief counsel to the mayor and City Hall.

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2024-04-15T03:53:41Z

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(This piece was originally written in the summer of 2007.) Awareness of how our environment shapes our neurological, chemical, socio-economic state may seem like cutting edge social science to some, but this practice has been around for many years under different names. A current title for such awareness is Environmental Justice. As a combination of social justice and new environmentalism, Environmental Justice synthesizes some very important elements the old and the new, intellect and intuition, contemplation and action. A separation has always existed in this country between the haves and the have-nots. Environmental Justice, like Hip-Hop, is here to help bridge this divide. In exploring this idea, it is necessary to ask ourselves a question: Are communities that have been traditionally marginalized both economically and socially subjected to more environmental hazards than those communities nestled within enclaves of green grass and local chapters of the Rotary Club The term has been circulating more and more since its emergence in1982 surrounding an event in Warren County, North Carolina when a group of citizens stood up against the government’s decision to dump over 60,000 tons of PCB-contaminated soil in the local landfill. Recent years has seen a groundswell in EJ activism. Many key players have stepped to the forefront as leaders in this grassroots form of social justice. In New York City, the most prominent figure in Environmental Justice is Majora Carter. When some hear the name South Bronx their mind may reel off visions of the New York Yankees, or conjure images of the spate of fires that decimated countless buildings in the area in 1977. Others might recall that the South Bronx is the birthplace of Hip-Hop. All are common associations made with this small region of New York City’s northernmost borough. And now, it seems to me, there’s another distinct happening occurring there, with big implications for the world at large. At the center of this is the organization that Majora Carter and her friends founded in the late 90's Sustainable South Bronx (SSBx). I sat down with Majora to discuss the current projects of Sustainable South Bronx, and to get her opinion on most things New York. I also found out a little about her favorite Hip-Hop artists. Prop: I’d like to briefly go over some of the projects SSBx is currently working on. Firstly, there’s a program for “green collar” job placement called B.E.S.T the Bronx Environmental Stewardship Training. You are also working on something called “Green-Roofs,” which is an initiative to conserve energy and reduce sewage runoff by covering urban rooftops with plots of grass. Finally, you are involved in something with the Sheridan Expressway is this the Greenway Project? MC: No, there’s the Greenway Project that grew out of a$1.25 million federal transportation grant that I wrote 8 years ago now. This was a design for an 11-mile network of waterfront path for bicycles and pedestrians. Right now that plan is done, and it’s fantastic. At the moment, we have about $20 million to begin construction for the first stage of this project. And that’s what’s happening, starting next year. The Sheridan is a completely different project, involving the work of a bunch of local community groups and technical supporters. SSBx got involved because we discovered that the state was planning to “fix” the Sheridan Expressway, which was one of Robert Moses, Master Builder projects. * * * (At this point in the interview, I’d like to give some background on the personage known as Robert Moses. The man’s legacy in New York is monumental. As an urban planner from the 1930s to the 1950s, Moses managed to drastically alter the landscape of New York, for better and for worse. Robert Caro, in the book, The Power Broker, depicts a man driven by the desire to attain as much power as possible. He was an urban planning genius, the “go-to” guy when it came to getting things done, and also an outspoken racist whose prejudices found their way into many of his mega-projects. Moses codified and cemented such prejudices into how he designed his expressway and housing projects. Today this can be described as “Institutional Racism.” As opposed to one-on-one racist behavior, institutional racism reverberates through the generations and stacks the deck in an uneven fashion, leaving the “haves” with considerably more comfort, and the “have-nots” with a lot more chaos. As a kid growing up in Long Island, spending time at Jones Beach during the summers, I remember hearing stories about how Moses designed the parkway overpasses to be too low for city busses to clear. This was done with the aim of preventing people who were dependent on public transport from getting to the beach. It just so happened that a lot of these people were also Black and Latino. This is but one of many instances of racism that can be linked to Moses’ projects. Along with the members of the New York State city planning commission, Moses vocally opposed African-Americans taking residence in Stuyvesant Town, a Manhattan housing development created for WWII veterans. When it came to the building of the thirteen roadways in New York that he developed, Moses made sure that he steered clear of building these paths near the wealthy landowners, while he sanctioned the total transformation of whole working class neighborhoods, like in the South Bronx, through the building of giant roadways that barreled straight through the community. For example, the Brooklyn Queens Expressway violently tore through poverty-stricken neighborhoods so the city could build high-volume transport readily accessible for other New Yorkers. The results were devastating to many communities situated alongside the highways. For one, the increased traffic sharply increased the air pollution, and other industrial contaminants helped create a generally toxic environment. This toxicity, recent research suggests, actually causes neurological damage and increases the rate of crime. Towards the end of his career, Moses even attempted to build a roadway through the site where the Bronx Zoo is located. This was in the 1960s, however, and as his political clout was waning, the plan was rejected as absurd. Moses demonstrated an allegiance towards attaining power and money by cozying up to the rich owner-class of a society that was outright racist, and most definitely elitist. And these prejudicial personal perspectives fed directly into the institutions that were created from them, marking the career of Robert Moses perhaps as the finest example of Institutional Racism. Reflecting on Moses’ legacy, I return to SSBx’s humble office over looking the South Bronx horizon, where, in the distance New York State has plans to build a prison in Hunts Point. This is slated for construction right here in the community Majora comes from, and it is also something that she and SSB are aggressively fighting. Their alternative is to build a recycling plant instead. Majora told me about when the “Car became King,” and how the US economy started to be built around the automobile. Highways were being built at any cost and sometimes the human cost was the greatest of all. There were huge displacements and uprooted communities in the wake of car culture’s takeover. “One of the shadier things I’ve ever heard was that even if they weren’t planning on doing highway construction when they said that they were going to, they would just bring a crane in and pull the top of the building off, even though they knew people were living on the lower floors. Because what happens when there is no roof? The elements come in and completely destroy your building. It was just such a shameful period in New York City’s history. SSBx realized that what the State wanted to do was to “fix” the Sheridan Expressway, which would have jeopardized all of the Bronx river park projects we were working on. We then came up with an alternative plan that removed the highway so that you could use that land, all 28 acres of it something along the lines of community economic development, or housing, or open space. And we put together a plan that showed that there could be 650 permanent jobs created as a result of it, another $30 million in projected wages, as well as an increase in property values. We just discovered this summer that the state has to look at our plan the same way it looks at others, so we are really excited about that. Has it been received well? Yes, but it was a fight, though. First, we had to make sure the state would even review it as a viable option. It took us from the late 90s up until earlier this summer just to get them to say that they would review it. Because once it goes through that process, then you can make a determination about it. But if it didn’t make it that far, then we would have had no chance. So that’s the Sheridan I found this quote of yours, in which you said, “Understand that this is an ownership society, and if you don’t own, you don’t have rights.” You also say that you want people to attain more land rights. One question I always get is how do you use that to stop gentrification. And you do this by working with people who either own the land, or by owning a piece of it yourself. So part of this is to work with developers who have an understanding that you can do decent affordable housing. To understand that there is a viable economical supportive way to do things the right way, even as a developer, and to make sure that they have permanently affordable housing within the mix of their developments. The other piece is community land trusts. Is that related to the website Policy Link? Yes, that’s right. So, you also are working on the Solid Waste and Energy Project. Explain what this is about. We have been a part of campaigns since I started SSBx. The goal is to create a more effective and more equitable solid waste management for the city of New York. The role that we play is in making sure that we do a bunch of the research that makes it move to the point that folks in the neighborhood know what’s going on. That’ s why we’re connecting with other community groups, and it’s actually a really fascinating process. To date, we have done pretty well. The mayor adopted our plan that every borough should handle it’s own waste, which is the crux of it. Oh yeah. Guess what? Manhattan is really resistant, particularly the Upper East Side and the area in Tribeca. It’s what they are not saying, actually, that I find most repellent: “Real Estate Values are really high; there is already a park there; all the sites down there were used as waste facilities before real estate values across the street got really high.” What they want to build now in Tribeca is this amazing state of the art recycling facility if we had those things [in the South Bronx] we never would have started speaking here about how miserable the system works. We would like one of these facilities in our neighborhood. I’d be very honored. It’d be so cool that you can actually take school kids through it to show then how we recycle our waste. We don’t do that here. Manhattan needs to recognize that they produce more waste than any other borough. It’s a fight, but we’ll get it. Does SSBx have a plan to ensure more up-to-date waste transfer stations? Yeah, that’s what our plan calls for. We already recognize that the mistakes of the past don’t need to be revisited on wealthy people, anymore than we want them revisited on poor people. The point is that the situation has to change for everybody. If you continually have places like the South Bronx where you put the bad things that nobody else wants to deal with, then you’re adding to the collective failures that we all make. For instance, if you continuously create repositories for waste then there will be public health impacts. To have to deal with not just the public health impacts, but also the knowledge of knowing that your community is used as a garbage dump, does add a psychic weight to what the people here already deal with everyday. So when you talk about building a 2,000-bed jail here, what are you trying to say to folks in our community? Consider that, along with all we now know about how pollution affects communities. There is a direct relationship between various types of pollution, from fossil fuel emissions and brain damage in kids along with the activation of a gene that produces obesity. That’s the stuff coming out. I don’t expect the powers that be to give a crap about communities like ours. Which is why we spend a lot of time talking about money. If you really look at the value of what it’s going to cost to care for such an environmentally-ravaged community, and all the public health costs associated, along with the social costs associated with it, and add that up, it’s going to cost you a lot more than trying to clean up the mess that we have collectively made. And that’s the triple-bottom line that you speak of. Yes, exactly. That’s why working on the B.E.S.T. program is so cool. Especially when you’re talking about folks who are really poor. They’ve been marginalized from the more traditional ways of making a living. With unemployed or underemployed people, you want to make sure that they understand the causality between their actions and the environment, and I think the best way to that is helping them understand the links between their personal and financial well-being. Clean up your environment, and you are getting paid for it. That’s why B.E.S.T. is our single biggest program. What has been the response to the BEST program? Are kids in the community taking to it? Yes, especially since we’ve been able to hire some folks to go out there and teach people. We hired them to be “Green Way stewards” so they are heralding the coming of the Greenway. There are just two of them right now, but they’ve taken on various projects in the neighborhood. They do particular street planning projects or care projects. And they did this project called “The Green Line Project,” where they painted this green line that leads pedestrians down to The Hunts Point Riverside Park, which SSBx was integral in building. So they do projects like that to connect people to the fact that they are doing some things to take care of the environment. And that’s been an incredible success. People ask what we are doing, and we tell them. How can people start a Green Roof installation company? It’s hard. We have been working on it for four years. At this point there is no market for it, because it is more expensive than a more traditional roof. People see the value in it, but because it’s still considered a niche market, the prices are that much more expensive. I’m actually putting a Green Roof on my house, because I realize that what I’ll spend on the green roof will end up being more affordable. Are there any other communities that have contacted about starting their own versions of SSBx? Yes, a lot. In Philadelphia there is a group called The American Cities Foundation that works with a bunch of different groups around Philly. I think they are amazing, and I totally bonded with them. I’m probably going to be on a task force in Newark to help Cory Booker, because he’s just trying to green up the town there. We also work with folks in Oakland, people like Van Jones he’s my West Coast partner in a lot of ways. I call him my little brother. He’s just amazing. And we’ve done some work in Biloxi, after the flood. What we are trying to do is actually create our own case studies, so folks can take them and replicate them. We get so many requests, and I’m so honored, but we’re not set up enough yet to help them. So we are thinking of setting up a consulting arm, for people who can afford to pay, and there are plenty of people who can. Also, we want to make sure that we have some sort of step-by-step guidelines for people who are in the same situation we are in right now. Some people just need to know about good management practices that they can incorporate in their own communities. The South Bronx is the birthplace of Hip-Hop, and it was born here nearly 35 years ago. I’m curious what Hip-Hop artists are you into right now? I like Common. Mos Def is cool, I like him. When I was a kid I went to the jams. They were in everybody’s backyard. Sugar Hill was going on then, RUN-DMC, Grandmaster Flash. All those guys. Thank You Majora * * * After the interview, I went outside to check out the Green Line. It’s not hard to miss! It’s a thick Kelly green line about two feet wide, painted onto the pavement. I had no pressing engagements so I decided to follow the green line to the end. The Green Line led me through the South Bronx. I walked past a baseball field and some basketball courts outside of what looked like a new recreation center, where mothers walked with children and some people chilled on the fence drinking beer from their brown paper bags and smoking cigarettes. I walked through some zones of residential houses, where the block was quiet, yet in full swing of life. Some bachata music blasted out of radio speakers propped up against open windows above. Kids were riding their bikes, some other guys were talking to each other around a parked car. My mind oscillated between thoughts about SSBx’s mission here in the Bronx, Environmental Justice in general, and the snippets of passing conversations I was hearing as I continued walking the Green Line. I also thought about Hip-Hop and its roots here in the South Bronx. This is where it all started. I contemplated the idea of SSBx as an extension of Hip-Hop culture. Hip-Hop has circled the world like nothing ever before it and it all started right here! If Majora and the rest of SSBx are able to accomplish only half of what they are setting out to do, their impact could be substantial. We all have the opportunity to help set the template for how ecological standards will be set, so everyone can lead a more healthy life. The Green Line led me to this nice spread of green grass where a soccer team was practicing their drills, and a few people walked lackadaisically along the perimeter of the field. The sun was slowly setting behind some clouds to the west, yet the sky had not yet shifted to twilight. The evening chill had not really set in. I had just spent forty minutes walking through an industrial area. I walked past a huge, smelly sanitation lot, where garbage trucks spit and sputtered their noxious fumes. I walked past numerous car repair shops and some apartment houses, to finally find myself here at this park on the water in the South Bronx. I stopped and took a deep breathe, looking at the Manhattan skyline over the water. I also spotted Riker’s Island, the infamous NYC prison. It stood like a solitary island to my west. And I spotted the cars speeding along the Cross-Bronx Expressway to my east. I had to take a moment and thank SSBx to myself for creating this park. After the sun set, I left the quiet park. I hopped into my car I had to deal with the rush hour traffic on the highway and I have Robert Moses to thank for that!

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2024-04-15T02:43:36Z

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In this episode, renowned property management expert Tiffany Rosenbaum and seasoned host Bob Preston delve into property management failures and entrepreneurs' struggles. Drawing from their extensive experience, they underscore the importance of learning from failures and mistakes encountered in the journey of growing businesses. - Failures are part of the entrepreneurial journey. - Self-doubt is common among entrepreneurs. - Effective processes are crucial for success. - Micromanagement can hinder the growth. - Anticipating customer needs can set a business apart. - Continuous learning and embracing struggles are essential. 02:00 Introduction and Background 04:02 Importance of Discussing Property Management Failures 04:50 Struggles and Self-Doubt in Entrepreneurship 14:07 LeadSimple Midroll Commercial 17:20 Common Failures in Property Management 20:50 Implementing Procedures and Processes 28:30 Embracing Struggles and Continuous Learning Connect Tiffany Rosenbaum: Featured Sponsor: LeadSimple LeadSimple consolidates leads, process, and communication management – plus coaching, content, and best practices – into one easy-to-use platform for property managers and real estate professionals. We’ve simplified the complexities of property management so our clients can now work on their business instead of on their business to achieve even more than they thought possible. https://www.leadsimple.com/ Our Industry Icon Sponsors supporting the show: VPM Solutions (https://www.vpmsolutions.com) APM Help (https://www.apmhelp.com/) Upkeep Media (https://www.upkeepmedia.com/) Second Nature (https://www.secondnature.com/) Connect with Bob Preston This episode is always available for listening, sharing, or download at Property Management Brainstorm. Subscribe to Property Management Brainstorm on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Spotify, TuneIn, iHeart Radio and YouTube. Transcript of This Episode Bob Preston (00:00) Hello, brainstormers. This is Bob Preston, your host, broadcasting from our Property Management Brainstorm Studio in Del Mar, California. If you're new here, please subscribe for ongoing access to our great episodes. And if you like what you hear, please forward it with a positive review. Before we dive in today, I would like to give a quick shout-out to our amazing sponsors for helping to support the podcast, Upkeep Media, SureVestor, VPM Solutions, RentScale, Second Nature, Showdigs, Blanket, APM Help, Zinspector, and today's feature sponsor, Lead Simple, who you will hear more about in a brief mid-roll about halfway through the episode. Today's episode is a departure from the norm, offering a unique perspective on property management. Rather than focusing on success, we delve into the realm of failure. Our guest, Tiffany Rosenbaum, co-founder of Rosenbaum Realty Group, Repairmasters, and Stunning Stays, shares her insights on property management failures. We explore the valuable lessons that can be learned from these missteps and why they are crucial in the property management business. This unconventional approach promises to make this episode a standout, so don't miss it. Bob Preston (02:55) Hey Tiffany, welcome to Property Management Brainstorm. Tiffany Rosenbaum (02:58) Thank you for having me, Bob. It's exciting. Bob Preston (03:00) I've been looking forward to this because we chatted about it before we started. I'm confident we've crossed paths before in this industry, but we've never actually met. So, this has been fun. And I want to thank you so much for being here. I always like to start with my guests introducing themselves, so let's roll with that. Can you please tell our guests about yourself? Tiffany Rosenbaum (03:17) Yes, my name is Tiffany Rosenbaum. I'm out of Arizona, originally from Texas, born and raised, but I have started three different companies and love doing it and love to speak about the challenges that come with that because I think the true story behind any entrepreneur has many struggles and I want to put that out there, that it's okay to have struggle. That's a little bit about me. Bob Preston (03:41) When we started chatting about this podcast and topics we could discuss, you floated the concept of property management failures. It's an exciting topic. As I said in my preamble, most podcasts focus on success, how to get better, and all this kind of stuff. And I'm sure we'll touch on that today, too. But why did you suggest this topic? And why is it so important for us to discuss this? Tiffany Rosenbaum (04:02) Because I don't think we put out what we see on social media. We see all the perfect, and everybody's having success. No one has failures, but in reality, every single person has a story. And anybody successful has had many failures because they've learned every shot they don't take, they fall anyway, and they don't win. So, to win, you've got to be able to fail, learn from it, grow from it, and understand that it's part of the process. I enjoy telling people about my failures because I hope they can learn from them and skip those steps, getting farther in the game a lot faster. Bob Preston (04:42) Some people don't want to reveal their vulnerabilities or the places where they may have failed or had or struggled. Right. You know, one of the areas I always struggled with was self-doubt. Like, am I doing this the right way? Am I sure about this? Oh, my gosh. I wonder if people are going to think I'm an idiot. You know, this kind of thing. And this is because I'm harsh on myself. And so that was what led to this, you know, self-doubt aspect. Tiffany Rosenbaum (05:07) Many people have self-doubt and learn that they either have to get a coach or know how to work through that. When you're an entrepreneur and a business owner, if you don't have partnerships, you must figure out your decisions, how you will make them, and how your company will go. And so if you're not careful, you can get into that self-doubt. Is this the right decision? If it's not, I talk about that a lot. We often have to make a decision and run with it, and we're going to learn and grow from it, or it was the right decision, and we'd continue. Bob Preston (05:40) I've been on many podcasts, too, as have you. And people have always asked me, well, what was it like starting your business? And I always compared it to climbing a set of stairs. You take your first step based on what you've learned from others and what you've heard at NARPM meetings. But often, in the early stages, you can only afford a few of the resources you might have later, you know, as you grow the company. Right. So you take your first step based on what you've learned from others, what you've heard at NARPA meetings, whatever. But often, in the early stages, you can only afford a few of the resources you might have later as you grow with the company, right? You have tools and resources you can afford when you implement those. And then, you know, things eventually break, like whatever you've implemented breaks or fails, or you come up with some failure based on the feedback you're getting, and then, you know, you don't always know until you have that problem, right? So we regroup, review, re-evaluate, excuse me, how we do things, and then take a step forward. And that's that quantum leap up to the next step. And then you run for a while; something breaks; you get what I'm saying, right? Can you relate to that analogy? Tiffany Rosenbaum (06:39) 100%. Oh, yes. In property management, I find about 500 units; you're going to break completely, and you have a lot more money to hire the team. I mean, it's like there are stepping zones, as far as I can see. There is a break before that, but like 750 and then a thousand, and then to continue to level up, you have to continue to be willing to break it and go, okay, this only worked for this, now I have to break it, reanalyze it, revamp and continue. Otherwise, you either stay or start diminishing. Bob Preston (07:08) I'm curious about where you were on this spectrum because I've talked to many property management owners. I was always very conservative. I wanted things to be in place and a solid foundation before I grew. So I was willing to spend a bit in advance, more than I should have. Other property management owners are signing all the doors; we'll figure the rest out later, right? And then all of a sudden, there's chaos, right? Bring your team to the knees while you figure things out. Where are you on that spectrum? Tiffany Rosenbaum (07:37) Oh, now or when I started? That's two different answers. When I started, I started from a place of no money, like I couldn't feed my child and had no AC and heat in the house. I started from an investor's perspective. Then, we realized that there was a company behind us and decided to bring on owners. And when we brought on owners, we needed to figure out what we were doing. We were bringing on owners. We became a part of NARPM. We were learning, but we were failing probably every day. And then we realized, OK. And we were trying to hire the cheapest people. How inexpensive can I get it? Because I want to make these margins. But in reality, it created turnover. It created chaos. And then it was like, OK, we need processes, procedures. We need an audit team; we need all these things that develop my team and realize the people are actually what elevate your company. It's not you; it's the team behind you. So, I took time to understand that and realized it took me time. It wasn't like when I started my company; my team was the best thing in the world. I lost a lot of outstanding players because I didn't understand that. And I also fired people because I needed to give them the toolbox to be successful. And so now it's all about the team. It's all about the processes. It's all about the procedures. It's all about that. But when I started to know, it was probably a bit of chaos because my husband and I were doing it. So, we can do it. It's all in our heads, right? Yeah. It wasn't the smartest thing, but we learned and grew. Bob Preston (09:12) That's an interesting point because it depends on what you can afford to do in the early stages. I was fortunate enough to have the resources from another company I've been involved in and did pretty well at that I could invest upfront. Right. Only some people can do that. It sounds like you couldn't, so you have to bootstrap it. And maybe that's when you make all the mistakes. But you learn you get religion quickly. Right. OK, now, wait a minute. We can't do this again. Let you know that this is unacceptable. So, let's figure this out. But that's interesting. Those are some of the stairsteps we talked about just a minute ago. Tiffany Rosenbaum (09:42) 100%. And yeah, you can bootstrap it, but what you said is very important. You have to invest in it. I had the mindset of how cheap I could hire someone because that meant my bottom line would be better. But in reality, those two things don't equate because when you hire the cheapest, you get turnover, you get unsuccessful, and you get chaos. But when you hire people who have been in the industry, know it, or have the education behind them, they all say they help elevate your company. So that's where we made it, and I was. When we started, we didn't have processes and procedures, so I was a micromanager. It wasn't fun. I made all the mistakes but quickly realized that that has to change. It has to be about the numbers, the KPIs, and things like that. Bob Preston (20:35.055) Well, that's good. You learn that along the way. So, looking back then, what is the biggest failure or mistake you've experienced in your businesses? Tiffany Rosenbaum (20:47.885) Oh, I could say a lot. There's a lot, but it's micromanaging and not understanding that the people are what it's all about. That's where I started wrong. I would micromanage and ask them, hey, was this done today? And I created a bottleneck because they would come to me and say, is this how it's done? And something needed to be documented better. So it was like chaos, and it became an unempowering place to work instead of an empowered place. And so, I changed it. I realized that the people were number one, but that was my biggest issue because we created a revolving door at the beginning. And that's what's important to realize: with the people, your company will go somewhere. Bob Preston (11:25) That's interesting because I had similar problems when I started my business. I called it the hub and spoke, right? I was the wheel's hub, and then the people were the spokes, going out to the wheel, and everything had to run through Bob. That is the wrong way to run a company. Once you have people in that mode, it's tough to break them, so get them out of that mode. And so you're right. One of the ways we had to do that was by eventually letting people go and bringing people in who could have a little more autonomy. And I realized, wow, I didn't spend enough time training these people or giving them the time or the patience to get better at their jobs. So, that was my biggest failure along the way as well. And making hiring mistakes, right? Tiffany Rosenbaum (12:12) Oh man, oh, I have one of the worst. Do you know that hiring mistake where it's like the worst hire you've ever had, and you still get a pit in your stomach when you think about the person? Yeah, I've had that one, but it was in my accounting department, so it was even worse. It wasn't good. But I didn't have the documents or anything to prove, but I started auditing my bank account, started going down, and I was like, something's wrong here. And so finally, I did have someone behind the scenes that came to me and said, hey, Tiff, here's all your proof. And I said, okay. And so I fired on the spot, but it took too long. So it cost us a lot of money. But you talk about hiring. You know Starbucks has a 30, 60, 90-day hiring process. And let's be honest here: they sell coffee and a little food. In the property management industry, your cycle is like one month. And how many of us train for more than a month? Most property management companies I've talked to and attended conferences are like, oh, you know, a couple of days. I'll train for a few days, and then they'll be good. And so we throw them, we used to call it the fire hose. We used to say, just be ready for the fire hose. It will hurt for a little bit, but it'll be better. But I thought about that. I looked at Chick-fil-A and Starbucks, and I'm like, they have such an intense training program. So does Ritz Carlton. If they're doing it this way, there's something important about it because they keep their people, and their people find it essential. I made every mistake in the book on training, but that's one of the places where companies have to realize. You wait to see the return, but you do over time. Midroll Commercial, LeadSimple (14:07) Bob Preston (15:00) Yeah, I was probably batting around 500 on hiring. About one out of every two stuck and landed. Then, the other big failure I had, or a mistake, was when I knew I had someone unsuitable for the company, not handling that sooner or waiting too long. And I know I've had people on the episode on the podcast episodes before where we've talked about this, and you have this sort of toxic person in the environment. As the business owner, I would always recognize it, but I'm like, well, it's okay. You make all these excuses for yourself. And then, finally, when I would take action, I could feel the relief on the team, almost like a veil was lifted. And even some people commented, well, it's about time. And why'd that take you so long? This kind of thing. Tiffany Rosenbaum (15:49) And you know what's sad about that? Usually, the reason why we don't fire them, as for me or other people I've talked to, is like, I don't want to get thrown back into that position because usually the owner at the very beginning of the stages, not now, but as the owner, I find that people are like, but that puts more work on my plate really in reality, it puts more work on your plate no matter what. Because if you don't fire them, you're going to have to clean up the mess, which I find that if you keep someone on every day, You keep them it's like a, it's like three thousand dollars that you're losing because a person is creating a bad work environment for other people. Hence, you lose the good players because they also want to avoid being around the weak players. Bob Preston (16:35) No question about it. And typically, if someone else is the right person, they're not happy either, probably causing more problems. And then you're right; the cost of having the wrong person on your team increases daily. And I've learned, you know, that the hard way over the years, that it's almost better off not making a hire or not having a person in that role than having the wrong person. So, you know, slow to hire, quick to fire. That's what I've learned, and I made many mistakes. So, in my consulting business, I also see a few areas where problems arise, or failures are made, mistakes, or whatever we want to call them. And, you know, tenant screening, lack of legal compliance. I mean, across the board, I've seen the whole gamut. What are some of the common aspects of the property management business where you see things can break down or fail? Tiffany Rosenbaum (17:27) Oh man, I find property management is like a domino effect. If the first leg isn't working, the second one won't work. And so you almost have a whole thing of breakdowns unless you hit it first on the head. So, for instance, if you move a tenant in and it's a horrible experience from the moment they move in, you suddenly have an issue that lasts almost an entire stay. It costs the owner more money because guess what? If they move in badly, they'll be nitpicking everything, and more maintenance requests will come in. But then, also, what does that do? It bogs down the team. So, hitting upfront and anticipating is where property management has issues. We sometimes anticipate the owner's need or the guest's need, I mean the resident's needs; we wait, and so it becomes defensive instead of offensive. And in big companies like Ritz Carlton, Walmart, and Amazon, they anticipate. They want to anticipate what the customer needs and wants, and that way, they create a wow factor. And so I know I thoroughly answered that entirely differently. But you can have a breakdown in every little bitty thing, like maintenance, which is a massive breakdown. It's a vast breakdown if it's not run smoothly. Um, leasing, um, owner communication can be a huge breakdown. We use Help Scout to make sure we can monitor that. Um, and we love it, but we transitioned from Gmail cause that was a massive breakdown because I couldn't monitor how fast our response was. I thought I knew, but you can't tell without actual data, right? Bob Preston (19:17 It's an interesting response to the question, though, because if you don't pick your starting point, I think tenant moving is a perfect example because then the problems can continue to cascade through the entire tenancy, beginning with, okay, the person's already riled up. So then you will generate more angst about the property condition or things aren't in great shape when you move them in. So then you have this ongoing, well, I'm going to show them, and it's almost never-ending because then the problems can continue to cascade through the entire tenancy. Beginning with, okay, the person's already riled up, so then you're going to generate more angst about the property condition, or maybe things aren't in great shape when you move them in, so then you have this ongoing, well, I'm going to show them, and it's almost never-ending. And then your people need help responding. So, these problems or failures continue to cascade through the whole process. So that's a perfect point. Tiffany Rosenbaum (19:54) Yeah, and the same thing happens with owners. The property management company is so excited that they want to bring on this owner. So they're like, oh, you know what? He doesn't have a few papers, not a big deal. I'll start advertising. I'll start working through this. But then the communication drops slightly, meaning he still owes you stuff. You're doing stuff. So, all of a sudden, it becomes chaos. And then, guess what? It's not the owner's fault. It's the property management company's fault. And when you have an owner come on that is not smooth, that whole transition becomes chaos and becomes already distrust. So, the owner process of bringing someone on is so important to dive into. And we've made every mistake. We've made that mistake. Oh, bring them on. We want the properties. Then we bring them on, and chaos ensues. And then, guess what? When their contract is done, they leave after a year anyway because the trust was broken from day one. Bob Preston (20:49) So, is it possible to fight against failures and mistakes without becoming ultimately OCD in your business? Tiffany Rosenbaum (20:57) Oh, yes. Yes, yes, yes. When you can fight back against mistakes, you have a solid team and create value and empowerment in your team. So, I made a SWOT team. It's my data analysis, process architect, and audit team. And so they audit calls, all these things, and they get feedback from my team, the residents, and the owners. And so we're constantly evolving and realizing we want feedback so we can get better. We can only get better if we're asking for feedback. And it's always hedging the mistakes. No one's perfect, but we want to minimize the errors to get better. And that's what entrepreneurship is, right? It's trying to figure out how we continue to improve and keep the mistakes from overtaking our companies. Bob Preston (21:46) I like that because it's almost like a peer review, too. Right? Some team members audit or make up the SWAT team. So you know, you're allowing the team to point out the flaws or maybe the weaknesses in the processes and procedures that you've established instead of you, Tiffany, saying, do it this way, it's got to be done this way, and being on top of every little point along the way. Tiffany Rosenbaum (22:11) Yeah, my audit team is impressive, and I'm very grateful for them because they're over my culture, audits, and everything. After all, as business owners, we either create jobs for ourselves or breathe life into the company and step out. So we can create jobs for ourselves or breathe life and go, okay, who do I need? What do I need to make this generating asset per se? And how can I empower my team to love it as much as I do? Bob Preston (22:38) So, we've identified some problem areas, breaking points, and common failure areas and talked philosophically about running a business. So, what's the solution here? Let's talk about the flip side. What do you do, and what are the main takeaways from this conversation? Tiffany Rosenbaum (22:54) To hedge the mistakes that companies make? You have to hire the SWAT team. I do. No one talks about it, but all the big companies have auditors, process architects, etc. As I was researching Ritz-Carlton, Amazon, and these big companies that were Fortune 500 and grew exponentially, I realized I needed a SWAT team. And I think an owner needs help to do it. It's not possible. Otherwise, you're working around the clock. Because I have four people on my SWOT team, and they work 40 hours, sometimes longer, to ensure things run smoothly. You are so, hiring process architects, auditors, and data analysis. Hence, having your numbers at your fingertips daily is vital to hedging companies' mistakes. Otherwise, we're always on the defense. And you have to transition to the offense instead of defense if you want to hedge the errors. Bob Preston (23:56) Okay, so do they take it to the next step and then put in place the procedures and processes and the workflow, if you will, because I mean, ultimately, that's the solution, right? You have to have all this stuff in place and then have a way of monitoring how your business is doing against those benchmarks, as you call it, right? Tiffany Rosenbaum (24:14) So, we hired a process architect first and then developed the SWOT team. So, I need to build the processes. I am involved with what they do because I want my company to run a certain way. I have one meeting with them. They build it out. They audit it, and then they manage it. They also culture and audit everything that goes into my property management system daily. So our property management system is PropertyWare, and then we link up to LeadSimple our processes and procedures. And so they build all that out, handle it, and then I get reports. Then I have my data analysis individual who builds all my data for all my companies into one location so I can see everything on Microsoft Power BI. Bob Preston (25:00) Very cool. We've used LeadSimple, too, and it's a powerful solution. Have you had any experience where people don't try to use LeadSimple or log in and follow the process? And what happens when that goes down? It's as if someone needs to do it the way the architects have outlined. Tiffany Rosenbaum (25:27) So that's why my architects are also overmanaging it and giving statistics on who's in it and who's not. If they're not, then it's verbal, and then it's a write-up, and then it's a let-go. I discussed this with my team. It's not an option. It's your LeadSimple as a must, whether you're on board or not, because you can't put a system in, and only half your company does it. Otherwise, it doesn't work. It breaks horribly when you do it that way. Bob Preston (26:00) Yeah, that's a good point. And you know there's training upfront. You've taught them how to use it. You know, the architects have designed the processes. Tiffany Rosenbaum (26:09) So, I needed to train my process architects. They got trained by Lead Simple, and then it came through. I hired my second process architect, who worked with a property management company, and then I had them trained because I'm not a process architect. It would have gone better, so I ensured someone could train them because a business owner can only be good at some things. It's different from how it works, so you must find the people who can train them and ensure smooth operation. Bob Preston (26:38) Yeah, it's interesting because we had systems manuals in the beginning, and they were, you know, in PDF files on the file server. So, it was good that we had the processes captured, and I always had people come in and study them, and they had to sign off on, okay, here's your procedure. But, you know, I never saw somebody in the middle of a job or the middle of a day pull out the binder and go, like, look to the specific page or try to find it. It would be impossible anyway. So, the move to Lead Simple was huge. It was pretty easy for the most part because once we learned how to program LeadSimple, I had some people on my team who could take what was already in writing and then implement it. And the other thing that I liked about LeadSimple was that you could correct it or alter it, modify it, if you will, in real-time versus the old PDFs, you know, you had to release a new version. Tiffany Rosenbaum (27:40) Yeah, the PDFs were horrible. And, as you said, no one looked at them, so they became unusable. And then, guess what? It came to me, and questions came to me instead of being happy and like it should be. I was the book instead of them using the book. Bob Preston (27:55) Right? Yeah. Or the person who was out correcting like, Hey, you didn't do it the right way. Let me show you where it is. Then you flip to the page and point to, you know, section five, item one. It's ridiculous, right? So many people are still doing it that way, and worse yet, some people I know that I follow in my business still need to capture processes. It's still floating around in people's heads. So those listening, you know, take this as a word of advice. Hey, Tiffany, I'd love to keep chatting. This is fun and a very passionate conversation. But in the interest of time, I'd like to wrap up today because we both have things to do in our busy days. What are your thoughts? Would you like to share them with our listeners when wrapping up? Tiffany Rosenbaum (28:32) Be okay with the struggle. Bring it in, harness it, and get through it. Continue to grow and learn. No matter, we all went to high school or college. After college, get a Ph.D. in the business that you're in and keep running with it. Be excited about it because you'll have struggles, but on the other side, there's a beautiful rainbow waiting for you. Bob Preston (28:55) I like that a lot. And don't be afraid to be vulnerable and admit you're struggling. That's key. Tiffany Rosenbaum (29:00) Everybody does, but I appreciate you having me on, Bob. You are a joy to speak to, and I love the passion behind all this. Bob Preston (29:07) All right. If someone wants to contact you to discuss it further and learn more about it, how would they do that? Tiffany Rosenbaum (29:14) People can find me on Instagram and social media, Tiffany Rosenbaum. Then, you can email me at [email protected]. I answer all the questions that people reach out to me personally. Bob Preston (29:26) Great conversation. It has been a pleasure having you on the show, Tiffany. Today's episode was excellent. Thanks so much for being on the show. All right, take care.

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On Oct. 10, 2023, three days into Israel’s brutal war on Gaza that followed a Hamas-led attack on Israel, Ontario MPP Sarah Jama published a statement calling for an immediate ceasefire. The statement also condemned Israel’s decades-long occupation of Palestine, Israel’s system of apartheid and its systematic violations of Palestinian human rights. The next day, Jama apologized for “the pain that many Jewish and Israeli Canadians, including my own constituents, must be feeling,” and condemned both Hamas’ actions and Israel’s massive bombing campaign, which to date has killed more than 29,000 Palestinians and resulted in allegations of genocide being brought against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Jama said in October that “there is no military solution to this conflict.” On Oct. 23, 2023, the Doug Ford government voted to censure Jama, after she refused to verbally apologize for and delete her original statement. She was also kicked out of the Ontario NDP Caucus. Since then, Jama has been sitting as an independent MPP. In the following interview, The Maple spoke to Jama about her plans for the new legislative session as an independent, her thoughts about the NDP, and the possibility of creating spaces for left-wing politics that exist independently of the party. The interview has been lightly edited for length and clarity. Alex Cosh: You’ve been back in the media lately, and there’s been a focus on two key motions that you’re bringing forward in the Provincial Parliament of Ontario. Tell us about those motions, and some of your other plans for the upcoming session as an independent MPP. Sarah Jama: Over the last three months, since I became an independent member, I’ve been focused really deeply on my community. We’re still knocking on doors; we have a very active riding association with about 60 members; we raised about $35,000 for the riding association without much of a financial push. Hamilton-Centre is the poorest riding in all of Ontario. It’s a very working-class city. So the issues folks care about the most right now are kind of obvious, but I think our approach will be a bit different: On housing, health care, education and social assistance. 60 per cent of people in my riding are renters. So my plan for this session, which starts [today], is to work very closely with community groups, to table legislation, but also to use my platform to explain how we got here, as a province, and to really just make sure that my platform exists to amplify work that other folks are already doing. So with that being said, I reached out to the ODSP Action Coalition, and they said there are two things we want to see right now, beyond the conversation of doubling Ontario Disability Support Program payments. One is we want to see the housing benefit portion of ODSP tied to the average market rent in the city that a recipient resides in, because it’s one thing to just say we should increase the amount, but it’s another thing to say the amount should be livable no matter where you live. The second piece is making sure that ODSP is not clawed back just because of who is in your household, or what kind of intimate relationships occupy your personal life. You often see folks who are disabled and get married, and then they get half of their income clawed back because there’s this weird, outdated idea that the person you marry is supposed to take care of you as a disabled person. And that’s not true. We know from studies written by the Disabled Women’s Network of Canada that disabled women very specifically are more likely to experience sexual, emotional and financial abuse. And so making this change so that your ODSP is not tied to who you’re with is one step to protecting women from gender-based violence. We’re going to put forward more things in the future around social-systems reform that are needed, and so far, it looks like the Greens are supporting it. The NDP said they’re willing to work together and the Liberals said they’re discussing it in their Caucus meeting. So what that tells me is when we put forward ideas that are good for my community, that has the ability to push others into supporting good ideas, too. So I’m excited about what that means for my other plans around air quality, because Hamilton-Centre has some of the worst air-quality issues in the city. AC: It’s great to hear that other parties are willing to at least talk with you about some of these motions. Obviously, this is coming in the context of a Conservative majority. But are you optimistic that these motions will at the very least be talked about in the other parties? SJ: I don’t know. Clearly, I can’t debate [because of the censure], but I’m not too worried about that, because the Ford government never listens to anyone except for themselves anyway. And in most of the debates, we’re staring at empty chairs across the aisle. So a lot of debating motions is super performative. But it’s nice to see that the independents as well as the Opposition folks who agree with me are willing to work on this issue and other issues. AC: As you mentioned, this is also going to be coming in the context of you being censured. What does this actually mean in practice? And how does this impact your ability to be a voice in the legislature and to represent your constituents? SJ: So for context, October 7 happened. And then I waited three days. I thought that was even too long, because for anybody who was paying attention to what was going on at the time, by day three, you could see that the Rafah border was closed, white phosphorus was being used. Food and water weren’t allowed into the region. You could tell what was about to happen; that Israel, at that time, had genocidal intent. So I looked around, and I saw that every other political leader in this country was saying that Israel had the right to defend itself, devoid of any context in terms of what was going on in Palestine. I’ve helped the [Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions] pass on my campus. I thought it was important to say something. I think the act of being censured for putting up the statement, calling for an immediate ceasefire, on Twitter and Instagram, was completely ridiculous, and completely about political theatre. It had nothing to do with what I actually said in my statement. If you listen to the eight hours of debate about my statement, the Conservatives spent all of their time talking about decorum and me being a terrorist sympathizer without actually naming what I said in my statement. It sets a really terrible precedent that a majority government can just take someone’s right away to speak, using the censure process, even though censures are typically used to police the behaviour of someone in the house. This was about a thing outside the house, about something, they argue, we don’t even have jurisdiction over as a province. As I said, I come from a riding that is the poorest in the whole province. I’m also one of the very few elected Muslims [in the Ontario legislature]. These are people who constantly tout their right to speech and the right to say and do whatever they want to do for the good of the people. And then the minute it’s afforded to them, they don’t like what someone’s saying, or they disagree with what someone is saying, they can just take away that voice. It’s before the courts; my first hearing date is on the 22nd, and I have intervenors on my behalf: The Canadian Civil Liberties Association, as well as a second group of intervenors — which is Independent Jewish Voices - Canada, the Jewish Faculty Network of Canada, and the Arab Canadian Lawyers Association. They will all be arguing that the courts have the right to weigh in. We’re not at the judicial review argument yet. We’ll see where this ends up. I’m very hopeful that on the heels of the prime minister finally uttering the statement ‘we need a ceasefire’ that the censure will be overturned. And if it doesn’t, it’ll definitely get overturned when I’m re-elected in 2026. Until then, I’m able to still vote; I’m able to still participate in committee, which is where the bulk of legislative work actually happens. I don’t get my 30 second clip for Question Period, but that doesn’t mean I can’t do the job. AC: Of course, you weren’t only censured; you were also kicked out of the Ontario NDP Caucus. Can you walk us through what happened there? SJ: I think a lot of what was made public should have been handled internally. October 7 happened, and then I was watching very closely, as I tend to do. I have a history doing work supporting Palestinians, and I believe in a free Palestine. So that’s not new to anybody who elected me in my riding, or anybody who has worked with me as an organizer. This is not new information to the party, either. I watched every political leader in the country use the very dangerous language of Israel having the right to defend itself, and in the back of my mind, I was asking myself the question, ‘to defend itself against what?’ By day three, I was waiting to see if anyone who had put out statements about Israel was going to say anything about the right for Palestinians to exist, and access food and water, and to not have their houses decimated. At the same time, Palestinians in my riding were sending me very long emails about their families being stuck under the rubble. And I had meaningfully tried to engage with [NDP] staff saying, ‘I would like to put something out. Can you work with me on what I’m going to put out?’ There was a lot of back and forth and constant rhetoric around strategy, and there is this idea that permeates across the party that there are some issues that don’t matter to everyone, and therefore we shouldn’t weigh in on them. And at some point, I was like, you can see the genocidal intent. I’m getting letters from people in my riding; I understand how y’all calculate risks, but I think we need to show political courage; we need to show that political strategy doesn’t always have to supersede decisions based on morality. So that was the crux of the back and forth between myself and the staff. What I didn’t anticipate was the ways the public was used to have these internal conversations, or the government censuring me, I didn’t anticipate that either. I really thought that I would look around and other people would be saying the same thing, too, not that I would be one of the first in the country. I got a lot of death threats; I got a lot of rape threats. I actually had to go into hiding for a bit. So it was a terrible time. The censure debate happened for eight hours. I watched it from home. And one of the stipulations of the censure was that in order to undo the censure, I should apologize for what I said, which essentially called for an immediate ceasefire, and asked folks to question settler-colonialism and the narratives that were being perpetuated about Palestine. I even quoted the United Nations in my statement. To apologize for that would have meant to agree to what Ford was saying at that time when he said that I was supporting the beheading of babies and the raping of Israeli women, which is wholly untrue. It would have meant that I don’t stand by what I said. So I didn’t apologize. I don’t know exactly why I was kicked out [of the NDP Caucus] because no one really had that conversation with me. I found out the same way everybody else did, which was in an email minutes before it happened, and minutes before the censure vote. I think it had a lot to do with, from what I gather, people feeling like I was operating as an individual without also taking into consideration that this issue wasn’t an issue of individuals. We’re talking about whether or not to comment on genocide happening. So after that happened, I went into hiding; I kept my head down. I didn’t really do interviews, but I listened to a lot of the rhetoric that was perpetuated about me, that had to do with me being difficult or had to do with me being new, and discounted a lot of my experiences. Before this job, I was the executive director of an entire organization. I was a sessional instructor at McMaster University. I’ve been able to work with teams. It wasn’t a question of me being difficult. It was a question of me being willing to sacrifice saying the right thing to make other people comfortable for a short amount of time, and then not being able to sleep at night. People said that I made others unsafe by my statement. But really, I was the one who felt unsafe. I literally disappeared after the fact; I didn’t even participate in the censure debate that was about me. I’m glad that it’s behind me. AC: Anyone who knows anything about the way Israel conducts itself knew, as you mentioned, very early on what was coming after October 7. There was obvious genocidal rhetoric from Israeli officials, from Israeli media, from Canadian media. The fact of the matter is, if people in power had listened to you and other voices who were calling for a ceasefire at the time, nearly 30,000 Palestinians would still be alive. What are your feelings about the NDP right now? SJ: I think there are individuals in the party who really get this issue. In my riding, for example, there’s MP Matthew Green. We collaborate a lot. He actually went to Palestine, to see for himself, recently, what was going on, and has really, really moved the federal party along on this issue very specifically. And I’m seeing a lot of good work coming out of [NDP Foreign Affairs Critic] Heather McPherson as well, who also went to Palestine, too. I think that since then, her language has gotten so strong. What I would like to see are things that exist in almost every left-wing party. In talking with [former leader of the British Labour Party] Jeremy Corbyn, at least there’s a clear mechanism for how MPs can dissent within their party and have difficult conversations. We don’t have those structures in place. So as much as people keep saying conversations are important, there’s no mechanism to actually be able to dissent as an MPP within our party. Secondly, there’s no appeal process for when people are kicked out of their party. I think there are very structural changes that need to happen to save the party, and I don’t think those two things are difficult asks. Until then, I’m going to be just doing my best to operate independently. But yeah, there are very real structural changes that need to be made. I’m leaving the door open for some of these reforms to be taken up within the party. On a provincial level, I just haven’t heard back from anyone; there’s not really been a conversation internally about what happened and where to go from here. Until then, I’m putting my head down and I plan to run regardless of having a party or not. AC: It sounds like you’re open to the idea of reforming the NDP, but also, it seems like what you’re doing right now, and what you’re focused on doing right now, is your work as an independent. Is part of that work trying to foster the ability to imagine doing leftist politics outside of the NDP? SJ: I definitely think that it should be possible for people to exist independently. We see that a lot in other countries. Canada is not really set up for that. But it doesn’t mean it shouldn’t be possible. I’m excited to test that out and see where this goes in my current role as an independent. But again, I think the bigger threat in this conversation is Doug Ford. He’s decimating our healthcare system. He’s decimating any chance we have of a real climate justice policy. He is the most ineffective premier this province has ever seen, and wastes a ton of money. So I do think it’s important to challenge him before more lives are lost. He will set a precedent in terms of how other provinces are treating their people. I think the system is not set up for a good way to challenge someone like Doug Ford. I’m not shutting the door to working with anyone. We’re willing to work with anyone who’s willing to collaborate and have conversations, and we’ll see where that goes. I don’t have an honest answer in terms of if outside [the NDP] is better, or inside. But what I do know for sure is I’m not taking back my statement. And I won’t shy away from making other important statements as well. I’m going to continue to operate, and how everyone chooses to address themselves around that is up to them. I didn’t kick myself out of the party. It shouldn’t be on me to create stipulations for how to re-enter. So until such a time that people want to have real, adult conversations in terms of what’s good for the province, I am going to continue to conduct myself as an independent and do this job the best that I can with the resources that I do have. I really do want to do this job well and represent people in my riding who feel super marginalized for a variety of different reasons. I’m trying not to make this about personalities, because the one thing I do regret out of this whole situation is how much airtime me putting up a statement took from Palestinian voices at the time. So many interviewers were just talking about my statement, but not talking about what was going on in the region, or even interviewing Palestinians. That’s something that I need to do better going forward, is making sure to centre Palestinian voices. But again, I’m not going to shy away from making difficult statements. And I think I would like to have a political home in terms of a party, but I don’t know what that looks like or what that means. AC: It sounds like the ball is in the NDP’s court, I guess. Maybe it’s more helpful to think of this as a test for the NDP, rather than for you. You’re willing to work with them, and the question is now: Are they willing to reciprocate that? Would that be a fair assessment? SJ: I think so. I think everyone else needs to decide how they want to deal with or interact with me. And until everybody decides what it is they want to do, I’m just putting my head down and doing the work, regardless. To win the nomination [to run for the NDP], I signed up, along with my friends and comrades, 600 members within a couple of weeks to be members of the NDP, and handed in those memberships. And it was one of the most successful and fastest membership drives of that scale that Hamilton-Centre has ever seen. And most of the people that we signed up were new to the party. I think there is interest in engaging with these political systems. I wasn’t headhunted by the NDP. The community decided that I should be here in this political role to fight Doug Ford on key issues that impact the riding. AC: You raised that big membership growth that your campaign brought in. I’m reminded somewhat of Anjali Appadurai’s campaign for leadership of the B.C. NDP in 2022, and how she attracted thousands of new members to her campaign. It seems that this is an approach of making the party a home for people who otherwise don’t have a political home. SJ: I think so. There are many people who would feel at home in the NDP. But I think the structural changes that I’ve mentioned would make it easier for folks who don’t always agree within Caucus to be able to have meaningful conversations. The structural changes that I’ve recommended will help create a space that’s navigable to new folks and to new members down the line. I worry about extracting ourselves at this moment from political spaces entirely. I worry about people saying they’re never going to vote again. There’s just too much at stake to not try to engage in these systems as a form of harm reduction. I’m someone who grew up on ODSP for most of my life. I think it does people who are the most at a disadvantage in our communities a disservice if we’re all like, nah, bro, there’s no point in voting because the whole system’s broken. Well, what are we going to do about it? Let’s opt out if that’s the only option. If there’s a way to work with people, let’s do that. I refuse to feed the narrative that I’m difficult to work with. At the end of the day, I’m an organizer. I’m willing to try to figure out the best way to head into 2026, because regardless of all the personalities, one thing we can all agree to is that Ford is completely dangerous for this province. And we can’t afford another four years of that.

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La Carpio: Sensationalist Reporting and Clear Voices Thousands of Nicaraguan poor live in La Carpio, Costa Rica, and all are fodder for sensationalist news stories in the national press. Is such reporting due to racism, class scorn or simple media superficiality? The book Voices of La Carpio reveals the damage such coverage produces, the pain it triggers. Karina Fonseca Vindas A sprawling community called La Carpio has sprung up northeast of San José’s central canton. It is home to some 23,000 people, about half of them impoverished Nicaraguan immigrants. This 236-square-kilometer urban settlement has become one of the areas most feared and repudiated by Costa Ricans. Negative public opinionCosta Rica’s Mixed Social Aid Institute has estimated the monthly income of the majority of La Carpio’s families at between 60,000 and 75,000 colons (US$130-165), not enough to cover the cost of basic provisions and services for a family of six, according to the National Statistics and Census Institute. In addition to figuring out how to cope with such adverse economic conditions, La Carpio’s residents have had to deal with police raids and get used to their community frequently appearing in the crime sections of the country’s media, which tend to emphasize crimes committed by foreigners. Police agents and journalists feed the negative public opinion about La Carpio. Many Costa Ricans who have never visited the community often speak disrespectfully of the people who live there based solely on what they see, hear or read in the news. Between 1999 and October 2004, the digital edition of La Nación, the country’s most important newspaper, carried an average of one negative article a week related to La Carpio. In the first half of 2004, La Carpio acquired even greater notoriety due to several violent acts that occurred there and the abundant news coverage of them. On January 22, Wilberth López, a Nicaraguan whose wife had accused him of domestic violence, broke into the house they shared in La Carpio, violating the restraining order she had taken out against him. Once inside he killed three of his children and wounded his wife and her brother, then killed himself. The multiple homicides shook the country, particularly the Nicaraguan population, which attended the children’s funeral in La Carpio’s church in droves. The Costa Rican media covered this violent crime for days, turning it into a veritable media event. Operation BroomOn January 30, the Public Security Ministry conducted a sweep operation in La Carpio it aptly dubbed “broom,” in which it rounded up 620 people, the vast majority of them Nicaraguans. Beyond the stigmatizing nature of its name, since what is usually swept up with a broom is garbage, the operation can be interpreted as a repressive police response to the previous week’s domestic violence that served to identify the image of poor Nicaraguan immigrants as synonymous with crime. Is there any basis for this identification? Investigations into the issue have discarded it. In the nineties, for example, Nicaraguans committed only 10.3% of the reported acts of violence against women in Costa Rica, with the rest committed by nationals. While no case of domestic violence can be justified, these figures are almost exactly proportionate to the percentage of Nicaraguans in the country’s total population, belying the stereotype that Nicaraguans are significantly more violent than the host population. According to Costa Rican police authorities, the aim of the sweep was to review the migratory situation of the foreigners and verify whether fugitives from justice were living in La Carpio. Of the over 600 picked up, it was determined that 22 would be deported immediately, 21 were carrying false documents, 73 were undocumented and 173 had applied for and were waiting to receive the documents that would legalize their situation. Nicaraguan lawyer Carlos Coronado Vargas filed a writ of habeas corpus on behalf of 65 of his compatriots who had been prejudiced in the operation and three months later Costa Rica’s Constitutional Court ordered the state to pay them costs and damages. The justices reasoned that the operation had been caried out on public streets and with no prior indication that those picked up had committed any crime. They further concluded that the operation had violated article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which prohibits the arbitrary arrest of foreigners. The capital’s garbage dumpThe last of the scandalous media episodes related to La Carpio during that period began on May 31, 2004, when residents blocked the community’s only access road. They claimed that a company called EBI was not complying with a series of promises relating to the contract it had negotiated with 12 of the community organizations in coordination with Costa Rica’s central government and the San José mayor’s office for a project called the “La Carpio Environmental Technological Park” This attractive sounding name is in fact a euphemism for a new landfill project administered by EBI, a subsidiary of the Canadian Berthierville Co. Inc. Starting in 2000, 700 tons of garbage from different parts of the metropolitan area have been dumped in La Carpio every single day. The main “compensatory” social benefits stipulated for the community in exchange for going forward with the landfill were to pave the streets, create a trust fund into which approximately US$0.15 would be deposited for every ton of garbage processed and title the lands on which the residents had built their houses. The only street the company paved was the one its garbage trucks went back and forth on every day, leaving the parallel ones that connect the various sectors of La Carpio unsurfaced. But the greatest controversy is that EBI has failed to continue depositing the agreed-upon quota into the fund, alleging bad management of the money by the community leaders. In addition, the government has stopped titling the lands, one of its main reasons being that at least 2,000 resident families do not qualify to receive the deeds due to their migratory status. The disagreements over these commitments have generated ill will on all sides. Brief sympathy for La CarpioThe May blockade was designed to exert pressure for the reestablishment of talks with the authorities responsible for implementing the agreed-to offers. When it became obvious that no dialogue was possible among the parties, the Costa Rican police threw teargas bombs, supposedly to “reestablish order” and disarticulate the “rebel group,” which only frayed tempers even more. In an area with only one access road and houses built chockablock, the effects of the teargas were far greater than intended. The final count was 102 people in need of medical attention, many of whom had not even been involved in the events. In fact, children were the most affected. The media images shown the next day were powerful: front-page stories by journalists covering Red Cross posts about boys and girls with respiratory problems, and numerous photos of mothers and fathers running with their children in search of urgent medical care. There was also coverage of violence between the police and the demonstrators following the use of the teargas, which had enraged La Carpio’s residents. Dozens of teenagers confronted police officers with sticks, rocks and even a number of firearms. Six officers received gunshot wounds, fortunately none of them serious. The newspapers showed police flogging demonstrators. All these images encouraged public opinion not only to denounce the police actions, but also to insist that the unresolved claims of La Carpio’s residents be put on the public agenda. Gangs in Costa Rica!Regrettably, repudiation of the police action was forgotten within a week, as was the discussion about unkept promises that had led to the blockade. They were erased by a fresh media attempt to link La Carpio’s youth to an allegedly imminent invasion of Costa Rica by the violent youth gangs known as maras plaguing other Central American countries. This information took two fear-mongering paths. One was insistence on the idea that the repressive measures being imposed by neighboring countries to combat the maras would push their members into Costa Rica. The other, even more refutable focus was that poor communities such as La Carpio represented a breeding ground where gangs—which indeed do exist there and in other poor Costa Rican neighborhoods—could develop into maras. Several of the most influential media described the maras as the new threat to “peaceful” Costa Rica. Journalists visited prisons in Honduras and El Salvador and spoke with mara members, inducing them to confess their intentions to set up shop in Costa Rica. Some gang members interviewed by television and newspapers were happy to comply. Voices of La CarpioThe massive presence of Nicaraguan immigrants in La Carpio makes it more susceptible than other similar urban areas to being criminalized. In a vicious circle, the media turn to La Carpio to fill their crime section, using acts committed there to feed already existing paranoia about the danger of certain poor neighborhoods. The hostility of many Costa Ricans toward foreigners living in their country and this abundance, sensationalism and reductionism of most news about La Carpio have become powerful formulas to exclude this community’s residents even more. One of the forms this exclusion takes is a lack of educational opportunities, and that led to the creation of “A Snack and Shoes,” a program for migrant children who are excluded by both their poverty and their nationality. The objective is to consolidate a scholarship system to support immigrant primary and secondary school students who are about to drop about of school by providing them a monthly stipend to cover the cost of transport, food, necessary clothing and school supplies. The program tries to create a solidarity network between Nicaraguans and Costa Ricans to encourage respectful coexistence between the two communities. One fruit of this initiative is the publication of the book Voices of La Carpio, which has begun to circulate in La Carpio with support from the UN International Organization for Migrations and the UN Development Program. Starting with the next school year it will be given out as discussion material in schools with an important immigrant population. Voices of La Carpio includes opinions gathered from different meetings of resident groups, particularly in the community itself. The aim is to counteract the negative images in the Costa Rican media, giving both Nicas and Ticos the opportunity to explain what their coexistence is really like, what they think and feel about the role of the media, the government and private enterprise in their community and how they envision that La Carpio can improve. “They only see the bad part”The comments reveal that Costa Ricans and Nicaraguans in La Carpio have forged a respectful relationship despite initial difficulties. As one resident recalls, “The struggle has been very hard; those of us who’ve been here for ten years have been struggling right from the start, when we had to dig wells and haul water, when we had to sneak out at the crack of dawn, putting up posts to steal current because they didn’t want to give us electricity… It’s been very long, very painful, very tearful for many people, and there have even been fights within the community itself. It’s been a very sad and very tough struggle, but also a very beautiful experience. It’s a pity that people only see the bad part.” One of the main complaints from the inhabitants of La Carpio is that the media only show people “the bad part.” This is how they tell it: “The journalists have marginalized us without even being aware that many working people live here, people who leave their houses at dawn to earn their daily bread, including Ticos, Nicas and people of many different nationalities. This is what they should focus on so we aren’t looked down on when we go to the clinics or just out into the street and find it so hard to tell people that we’re from La Carpio...” Is life really Like that?One of the episodes of “That’s Life,” a daily talk show on Costa Rica’s Channel 7, illustrated how the media commonly reinforce the relationship between criminality and poor barrios. One resident described how she felt about the way the program dealt with the issue of the maras: “I’d been suspecting it for some time, when they started carrying feature stories about the Salvatruchasand La Dieciocho [names of notorious Central American gangs] and other stuff about the maras. I immediately analyzed it psychologically and said to myself: ‘They’re going to say that they’ve infiltrated La Carpio as well, or at least that these criminal and problematic people are more likely to come here. To be honest, it’s very depressing and really undermines your self-esteem. It also makes all of us living here more afraid and even generates more violence by putting us on the defensive.” Another woman from the community went even further: “I’m certain that some people who came, I don’t remember from what newspaper, bought toy weapons and handed them out in Cueva del Sapo [one of the sectors of La Carpio]. When they did their report, the little kids were playing with these plastic pistols and they focused on that, just so they could show that the kids go around playing with guns from such an early age. I saw it. I was coming back from the butcher’s when I saw it, but I didn’t tell anybody because I don’t want them to pick me up.” What Voices of La Carpio tries to show is that while the socioeconomic conditions of low-income urban areas do indeed influence the generation of criminal acts, the media have been incapable of looking beyond that focus. They aren’t interested in understanding the structural causes that make these areas more susceptible to being focal points of delinquency. For them, if it bleeds it leads; it’s as simple as that. They have a hard time separating criminality from class condition. It’s easier to discredit those who have less “rights” or less possibility of responding and the criminality-poverty binomial dominates their collective vision of the social reality on which they are supposed to report. “If the TV people could see what La Carpio is like”“I’m going to share an experience I suffered. About four years ago, we wanted to study in the INA [National Learning Institute, a center that offers training in different fields as an alternative to those who aren’t in a formal academic system]. Six of us housewives got together and went off to the class. When we got there, we all decided not to tell them that we lived in La Carpio so we wouldn’t be snubbed. And it’s really like that. We didn’t tell them and they all shared with us in the nicest way. We drank coffee together, shared materials and everything. But there’s always one drunk at a wake; one day a woman came and said, ‘Ooh, these people are from La Carpio.’ And just like that, they turned their backs on us. For two years running they didn’t want to give us financial aid, just because we were from La Carpio.” This fear of admitting where one lives is recurrent. “If the TV people could see what La Carpio is like, if they could come and film all this... But no; first they show all the dirt and only then do they show the good stuff, if at all, because they usually only go after the bad. If they’d show the good part, people would support La Carpio more and we wouldn’t have so much trouble when we apply for a job: ‘Er, you’re from La Carpio?’ Even being Costa Rican, I had to lie just recently and say I’d gone back to live in Pavas...” Negative impressions of La Carpio based on the media images are commonplace among Costa Ricans who have never visited the community: “I don’t know La Carpio, but they say you can’t even set foot there,” or “that place has been taken over by Nicas.” Personal experience is substituted with appropriation of what circulates in the media. If delinquents are the only subjects in news stories about La Carpio and Nicaraguans commit crimes, then the same glove fits all Nicaraguans living there. This stereotyping does enormous damage to all the men and women in the community who are trying to make something of their lives, which is unquestionably the great majority. “People don’t leave out of fear, Public security is central to electoral campaigns all around the world these days. The fear of insecurity, the terror of terrorism in the United States has allowed President Bush to win a second term. In addition to legitimating government actions, public insecurity draws attention away from far more important issues for which no solutions are being offered. In the Costa Rican case, La Carpio has become the reference point for many Costa Ricans’ fears. The authorities’ fight against crime in poor communities is a focus of the struggle to generate favorable public opinion regarding police presence, a factor that wards off feared evils and attenuates the anxiety felt by many Costa Ricans who are finding it increasingly difficult to satisfy its basic needs. but out of pain” Knowing that at least one is “protected” by the police is a way to feel the state’s existence, even if the security one really needs to live a dignified life has nothing to do with the police. La Carpio’s residents intuit the existence of this “culture of fear” that is being propagated at the cost of their community. “One day a priest came and he said that people were leaving here out of fear. I told him, ‘No, it’s not just fear; people are also leaving out of pain.’ The fact is that seeing what’s going on hurts you both internally and externally, because you not only have to suffer what is happening, but also listen to the comments from outside; and that’s what hurts the most.” Public security, understood as the fight against crime, is not the most important concern of La Carpio’s residents. “You ask if we’ve lived with fear. The only fear I’ve come to feel as an immigrant was when Migration came here and carried people off in a big sweep; people who were going off to work and lost the day’s wages.” The greatest of the urgenciesIt’s a positive surprise for Costa Ricans to see La Carpio residents requesting childcare facilities, improvements in the area’s only school, the construction of a secondary school and upkeep of sports or recreation areas for young people. Hardly anyone there fears falling victim to the gang that hangs out all day on one of the corners. The real fear is that their children will continue to be victims of increasingly accentuated exclusion caused by government indifference. “La Caja Farm” is La Carpio’s only school and the largest institution in the community. It provides classes for over 2,000 children in three separate sessions, including Saturdays. The groups are made up of a minimum of 35 students, and they only receive three classes a day. The school’s annual program includes none of the special subjects such as physical education, music or English offered in the majority of metropolitan area schools, but these limitations do not exempt the students from having to fulfill the same Public Education Ministry requirements for graduating as the other primary schools. A professional from the school’s inter-disciplinary team describes the discouraging road the children of La Carpio face over the course of their academic formation. “Just imagine that over four hundred children enter first grade here every year, but only two thirds of these 13 or 14 groups graduate each year. Look at the percentage that drops out along the way. And the real possibilities of those who do graduate going on to secondary school are minimal. We’re talking about some 20% at best. The closest high schools are the Julio Fonseca or the Luis Dobles and some go to the San José Lyceum in Barrio México, but they all involve an economic investment for the family. And they can’t get into INA until they’re 15. At least 80 adolescents leave with nothing to do, which makes them fertile fodder for the gangs. We have students whose families are in very difficult economic straights, and it’s important for them to be productive. Given the very characteristics of the place, these families are already demanding that their kids start making an economic contribution, which makes it very hard for them. There are students who have made it to fifth year, but they are the minority.” The value of the only schoolThe limited possibilities the children who go to primary school in La Carpio have of improving their lot are alarming. Some of the critical factors limiting the students are the deteriorated and overcrowded school premises, the lack of classrooms for preschool lessons, the absence of any training center for adolescents and the disposition that prevents INA from accepting youths under 15 years old, leaving adolescents who graduate from sixth grade when they are 12 with nowhere to go. The fact that the majority of families urgently need their children to help provide for the household further reduces their possibility of starting much less finishing secondary school. For all that, this single educational center is highly valued in La Carpio. As an official from the school itself says, “It’s the only school and I’m always impressed when I hear that the boys and girls don’t like to leave when vacation rolls around. The only place they want to go on Saturday is school. The children aren’t happy if the teachers can’t come to work. They want the teacher to come Saturdays so they can go to school. They need this space.” Yesterday they attacked Nicas, Costa Rica is living through an historic moment right now. Two former Presidents are in custody pending trial on accusations of corruption and another will soon join them. Several of their cohorts and subalterns are in a similar position. One of the latter is Dr. Eliseo Vargas, former executive president of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS), the public entity responsible for providing medical attention to the country’s inhabitants. today they’re accused of corruption Vargas faces charges of having “contracted” some politicians to help smooth the way in the Legislative Assembly for approval of a certain Finnish credit and has admitted to the Costa Rican Public Ministry that he received a luxurious house as a “reward” for his effort. To wind up this now famous credit, the Fischel Corporation, a commercial group representing the Finnish company in Costa Rica, provided medical equipment to the CCSS billed at nearly US$38 million, an enormous expenditure for the CCSS that is now being looked into by the country’s judicial authorities. Vargas was one of the main promoters of this financial decision, which has triggered criticism from the heads of many of the CCSS’s medical dependencies. Some say the CCSS could have assumed the purchase without indebting itself while others focus on the fact that they weren’t consulted and that many of the purchases did not address their units’ most urgent needs. Vargas’ lack of reticence in making free with CCSS resources contrasts with the image he had so carefully built up on other occasions. When he first headed up the CCSS, for example, Vargas presented the media with figures demonstrating the high cost for Costa Rica of providing medical services to Nicaraguan migrants, thus becoming one of the main public inciters of anti-immigrant sentiment. It is an ironic paradox: the proclaimed guardian of the public health sector’s finances reaps a substantial personal windfall by misspending the public funds under his charge. In fact, Costa Rican taxpayers may today be paying a higher cost for the corrupt actions of only one of our state officials than for the medical attention provided to the thousands of poor Nicaraguans residing in our country. Unfortunately, the national media have a very short memory when it comes to making these necessary comparisons to the public. Is the recent reporting shiftThis case—only one of many recently questioned acquisitions—illustrates an informational switch in the country. The media have let the urban spaces and rural poor off the hook as the main source of their daily hard-hitting “red news.” Today the alleged criminals reside in the highest official spaces. just a one-day bloom? It would be ingenuous to hope that such scandals will lead to a shift in the age-old way criminality has been reported by the media, but while the charges against these top Costa Rican officials occupy a great deal of media space, there is no clarity in defining what category these news stories belong in. In Nacionales and El País, both informative arenas for the voice of the country’s political class and economically powerful, the stories were found exclusively on the front page at first, confirming how hard it is to abandon certain ideological structures and accept that the country’s political-economic “elite” commit crimes too. But more recently, things are turning around, with these two newspapers giving the stories the same sensationalist treatment as Sucesos, Costa Rica’s crime rag, and placing them in the crime section of those two papers, also aptly called Sucesos, traditionally where the offenses committed by the poor are found. It’s hard to imagine that these accusations against high officials will convince the communicators of the urgency of rethinking the news treatment they give to a social phenomenon as complex as criminality or the damage they do to poor people by recurrently turning them into subjects, or rather objects, of negative news. Regrettably, the impact of various penal processes against top representatives of Costa Rica’s elite won’t be enough to do the job, given that peoples’ ways of thinking about criminality doesn’t change overnight. Criminalizing will probably remain a class affair and the accusations of criminal acts by the powerful a one-day bloom after which the media will go back to “business as usual.” This could be seen as pessimism, but pessimism could turn out to be a motor force of change. Karina Fonseca Vindas is a journalist.

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Embarking on a career journey is like setting sail on an odyssey, filled with exploration, learning, and personal growth. Mentorship serves as a guiding star in this voyage, providing direction, insight, and support as you navigate through the myriad of choices and challenges that define your professional path. This article delves into the pivotal role of mentorship in charting a course toward career success, the strategic setting of goals, and the integration of personal passions with professional endeavors. - Mentorship is an indispensable tool for professional development, offering tailored guidance and support on the journey to career success. - Setting SMART goals with the aid of a mentor ensures that career objectives are clear, attainable, and aligned with personal values. - Continuous learning and embracing challenges under mentorship can lead to seizing career opportunities and skill enhancement. - Fostering a strong mentor-mentee relationship is fundamental for reciprocal growth and effective career navigation. - Adapting career goals to accommodate personal and professional changes is vital, with mentorship providing the flexibility and support needed for such transitions. Charting the Course: Setting Career Goals with Mentorship The Role of Mentorship in Career Navigation Mentorship is a vital tool in the professional toolkit, offering not just guidance but a partnership that fosters career progression. Mentorship programs support career growth by providing resilience and strategies to navigate the complexities of the professional world. With a mentor’s insight, you can craft a career path that is both ambitious and achievable. italics Mentorship is more than advice; it’s a collaborative effort that enriches both mentor and mentee. Career mentors offer networking opportunities and personal development, which are essential for career advancement and satisfaction. A mentor’s experience can help you identify opportunities and avoid potential pitfalls, making your career journey smoother and more informed. By leveraging the wisdom and experience of a mentor, you can align your career aspirations with actionable goals, ensuring a journey marked by continuous learning and success. A comprehensive guide on mentorship is not just about finding someone to follow but about engaging in a strategic partnership. This partnership helps in achieving long-term career goals, navigating career aspirations, and fostering professional growth. Remember, the right mentor can illuminate your path, turning every challenge into a stepping stone towards your aspirations. Crafting a Career Path with SMART Goals Embarking on your career odyssey requires more than just setting goals; it necessitates crafting them with precision and foresight. Setting clear and precise goals with the SMART criteria is essential for career success. This methodical approach ensures that your objectives are not only well-defined but also trackable and attainable within a realistic timeframe. The SMART acronym stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Applying each element to your career planning can transform a mere wish into a tangible plan of action. Here’s a simple breakdown: - Specific: Define what you want to accomplish with as much detail as possible. - Measurable: Determine how you will measure progress and know when the goal is achieved. - Achievable: Ensure that the goal is within reach, given your current resources and constraints. - Relevant: Align your goal with your broader career aspirations and values. - Time-bound: Set a realistic deadline to create a sense of urgency and focus. By breaking down your long-term career goals into actionable steps, you can navigate the path to professional growth with clarity and purpose. Utilize frameworks like the SMART criteria to ensure your goals are attainable and aligned with your career progression. Remember, a goal without a plan is just a wish. Make your ambitions come true by making them SMART. Seek mentorship to adapt your plan, ask key questions, and hold yourself accountable. With mentorship as your compass, you can prioritize impactful goals and create an action plan for success. Embracing Challenges as Opportunities for Growth In the journey of professional development, embracing challenges is pivotal. These hurdles are not just obstacles but are, in fact, the stepping stones to growth and success. A mentor’s role is to guide you through these challenges, transforming them into valuable learning experiences. - Mentorship: Seek out mentors who can provide guidance and share their expertise. - Challenges: Embrace new challenges at work to test and expand your abilities. - Continuous Learning: Dedicate time to learning, whether through formal education, online courses, or self-study. Embrace change, stay open to opportunities, and enjoy the evolving process of building your career. Remember, success is not a static destination but a transformative journey of growth and learning. Embrace setbacks as opportunities for growth, reflecting on past experiences while focusing on the future. By doing so, you ensure that your career remains dynamic and adaptable to the ever-changing professional landscape. Identifying Clear Objectives Defining Personal Success and Setting Milestones Success in one’s career is a deeply personal concept, often reflecting individual values, aspirations, and definitions of fulfillment. Define Clear Objectives: Before setting milestones, it’s essential to clarify what you aim to achieve. This clarity forms the foundation of a career trajectory that is not only successful but also personally rewarding. - Define what success means to you and how it aligns with your values. - Envision your future and the achievements you wish to attain. - Set specific, measurable, and time-bound goals that challenge you. - Regularly review and adjust your goals to stay on course. Mentorship plays a pivotal role in this process, offering tailored guidance and support. A mentor can help you set SMART goals—those that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound—ensuring that your career objectives are clear and attainable. With their support, you can prioritize impactful goals and develop a structured approach to your career advancement. Embrace setbacks as opportunities for growth, reflecting on past experiences while focusing on the future. By doing so, you ensure that your career remains dynamic and adaptable to the ever-changing professional landscape. The Importance of Continuous Learning in Career Advancement In the ever-evolving professional landscape, continuous learning is the compass that keeps your career on course. It’s not just about staying current with industry trends; it’s about expanding your capabilities and seizing new opportunities that arise. By dedicating yourself to lifelong learning, you ensure your skills remain relevant and your expertise grows, providing a competitive advantage in the job market. Emphasizing continuous learning is not just beneficial; it’s essential. It aligns with the capability concept, which posits that our ability to learn and adapt is a key driver of success. Here are some steps to integrate continuous learning into your career path: - Identify areas for growth and set learning objectives. - Seek out resources such as courses, workshops, or webinars. - Apply new knowledge and skills to real-world scenarios. - Reflect on your learning experiences and adjust your goals accordingly. Embrace change, stay open to opportunities, and enjoy the evolving process of building your career. Each opportunity is a chance to learn and grow, unlocking career opportunities that lead to a fulfilling professional journey. Utilizing Mentorship as a Roadmap to Success Mentorship serves as a vital navigational tool in the professional journey, providing clarity and direction towards achieving career objectives. A mentor’s guidance can transform a daunting career landscape into a series of manageable steps, ensuring that each milestone is purposeful and aligned with one’s career vision. - Be Approachable and Supportive - Align Skills and Personalities - Identify Growth Opportunities - Develop Essential Skills By establishing a mentor-mentee relationship, individuals gain access to invaluable insights and advice tailored to their unique career path. Mentors offer a wealth of knowledge, from navigating company dynamics to identifying opportunities for skill development. It’s a partnership that fosters not only professional growth but also personal enrichment. The essence of mentorship lies in the shared journey towards success, where the mentor’s experience lights the way for the mentee’s aspirations. Embracing mentorship as a roadmap to success is about more than just receiving advice; it’s about actively engaging in a collaborative process that encourages continuous learning and adaptability. With the right mentor, career goals become more than aspirations—they evolve into tangible achievements. Leveraging Mentorship for Professional Development and Growth Mentorship Success Stories: Learning from the Best Mentorship success stories often serve as a beacon, illuminating the transformative power of mentorship within organizations. These narratives underscore the importance of targeted programs and authenticity for personal and professional growth. By unlocking growth through quality interactions, mentors and mentees navigate career challenges with adaptability and resilience, utilizing mentorship programs for guidance and perspective. Mentorship is not just about transferring knowledge; it’s about shaping the future. The sharing of success stories within the mentorship framework is not just about celebrating victories; it’s about illustrating the path that led to those achievements. These narratives often reveal the transformative impact of mentorship, extending beyond career shaping to fostering personal growth for both mentors and mentees. - Unlocking Professional Growth: Real stories of mentorship success demonstrate the profound influence a mentor can have in steering a mentee towards their career objectives. - Authenticity and Expertise: Successful mentoring is rooted in authenticity, compassion, and expertise, which are crucial in setting clear SMART goals and accelerating professional development. - Inspirational Figures: Figures like Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook, credit their mentors for significant career advancements, highlighting the power of mentorship. To maximize mentorship, it is essential to set clear goals, maintain open communication, embrace challenges, and follow best practices. This approach ensures that the mentorship experience is not only beneficial but also transformative, providing the mentee with the guidance, skills, and network necessary for career success. Strategies for Navigating Career Paths Navigating the complex landscape of career opportunities requires a strategic approach. Mentorship builds trusting relationships and is a cornerstone in guiding career pathways. A mentor’s presence and encouragement can be transformative, especially when you’re charting new territories in your professional journey. Identify your passions and align them with your career goals. This alignment is crucial for long-term satisfaction and success. Here are some steps to consider: - Unmasking Your Passions: Identify what ignites your soul and aligns with your professional pursuits. - Exploring Career Paths: Open your eyes to the diverse range of opportunities that match your skill set and aspirations. - From Insights to Action: Create a personalized roadmap that translates your insights into actionable steps. Embrace new challenges and continuous learning as part of your career strategy. This proactive approach can lead to unexpected opportunities for growth and advancement. Effective mentorship involves open communication, trust, and the setting of clear expectations. This partnership can help in identifying and unlocking potential, providing a fresh perspective on career decisions. Remember, embracing a proactive approach to career development is key. Achieving Aspirations with Guidance from Experienced Mentors The journey to realizing one’s career ambitions can be a winding and challenging path. With the guidance of an experienced mentor, you can gain access to exclusive opportunities and strategic insights that might otherwise remain out of reach. Mentorship is a beacon, illuminating the steps to success and offering a roadmap to navigate the complexities of professional growth. Remember, a well-defined career vision not only directs your path but also inspires continuous learning and development. It’s the foundation upon which mentorship can build, transforming aspirations into tangible achievements. - Clear expectations set the stage for a structured and goal-oriented mentorship. Adopting frameworks like REAL goal-setting can align individual aspirations with actionable plans, ensuring organizational alignment and personal development. - Effective communication is the pillar of progress, enabling continuous feedback and adjustment. It’s essential for expressing needs, providing guidance, and celebrating milestones together. When it comes to matching ambitions with expertise, it’s essential to find a mentor who not only shares your career goals but also possesses the experience and knowledge to guide you effectively. A mentor with relevant expertise can provide insights that are tailored to your specific career path, helping you to navigate challenges and seize opportunities with confidence. The Art of Setting and Pursuing Career Goals Clarifying Career Goals with the Help of a Mentor Embarking on a professional journey can often feel like navigating through uncharted waters. A mentor acts as a lighthouse, providing guidance and illuminating the path towards your career aspirations. With their experience, mentors can help you identify and articulate your goals, ensuring they are not just dreams but achievable targets. Italics are used here to emphasize the transformative nature of mentorship in professional development. Mentorship is not just about achieving goals; it’s about understanding the deeper why behind them, which often leads to more fulfilling and sustainable success. - Define your career vision - Align your goals with personal values - Set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals - Develop a step-by-step action plan - Regularly review and adjust goals with your mentor By regularly reviewing your career goals with a mentor, you create a dynamic and responsive approach to your professional growth, ensuring that your objectives remain relevant and inspiring. Aligning Personal Values with Professional Aspirations At the core of a fulfilling career is the alignment between your personal values and your professional aspirations. Reflecting on what truly matters to you can illuminate the path towards a career that not only meets your ambitions but also resonates with your core beliefs. Mentorship plays a pivotal role in this alignment, offering guidance to ensure that your career trajectory harmonizes with your personal ethos. Aligning personal and professional goals is a continuous process that requires you to find the balance between your convictions and your career. It’s about creating a career path that is in harmony with your personal beliefs and priorities, leading to a more satisfying professional life. To improve your work-life harmony, consider these steps: - Understand your values and priorities - Identify career options that align with these values - Reassess and realign as your career progresses By aligning your career goals with your personal values, you create a foundation for job satisfaction and personal fulfillment that extends beyond the workplace. Effective goal-setting begins with clarity in purpose. By aligning goals with values and aspirations, you create a strategic framework for career growth. Adapting to changing professional landscapes is essential, and a mentor can provide the support needed to align aspirations with actionable steps. Remember, each opportunity is a stepping stone towards turning your passions into professional achievements. By staying informed and proactive, you can unlock career opportunities that lead to a fulfilling professional journey. Fostering a Thriving Mentor-Mentee Relationship A thriving mentor-mentee relationship is the bedrock of professional development. Building trust is essential, as it allows for open and honest dialogue, where challenges can be shared and victories celebrated together. It’s important to establish clear goals and expectations from the outset to ensure both parties are aligned and can measure progress effectively. By prioritizing communication, mentors and mentees can build a foundation of trust that paves the way for meaningful progress and achievement. It’s through this dialogue that challenges are overcome, and victories are shared, solidifying the bond and the shared journey towards success. Here are some key steps to foster a strong mentor-mentee relationship: - Establish clear goals and expectations - Encourage open and honest feedback - Practice active listening and empathy - Maintain regular communication and check-ins Respect is mutual and acknowledges the value of each person’s time, experience, and contributions. This respect motivates both parties to invest in the relationship, leading to a transformative experience that resonates on a deeper level. Adapting Career Goals to Life’s Evolving Landscape Navigating Career Transitions with Mentorship Career transitions can be daunting, but with the right mentorship, they become opportunities for remarkable growth and learning. Mentorship empowers career transitions by providing a unique blend of support, from identifying transferable skills to exploring new industries. It’s a process that aligns career paths with personal values and aspirations, supported by research. Seeking mentorship is not just beneficial; it’s crucial for career growth. Mentors offer invaluable guidance and insights, fostering resilience and adaptability—qualities essential for navigating the challenges that come with any career change. - Personalized support and guidance - Insights for acquiring new skills - Navigating organizational cultures Embracing a mentoring culture within organizations or seeking a personal mentor can significantly ease the process of career transitions. Good mentors also recognize the importance of conflicts that sometimes arise, using them to help mentees master career-enriching skills, including complex problem-solving and effective communication. Maintaining Work-Life Harmony through Supportive Networks Achieving a healthy balance between your professional ambitions and personal life is essential for long-term success and satisfaction. Mentors and peers play a pivotal role in helping you navigate the demands of your career while ensuring that your personal well-being is not neglected. They can offer strategies and insights that lead to a more fulfilling career journey. Supportive networks are not just about professional guidance; they also provide emotional backing and a sense of community. By being open to feedback and constructive criticism, you can foster a culture of support and open communication, which is crucial for workplace resilience. Techniques such as deep breathing exercises, stretching, or practicing mindfulness for a few minutes can boost your focus and energy levels, contributing to both your physical and mental well-being. To cultivate such a network, consider these steps: - Engage with mentors and attend industry events to unlock new opportunities. - Share experiences and strategies with peers who understand the demands of your role. - Listen to feedback and take it as an opportunity to grow and adapt your career goals. Revising Goals in Response to Personal and Professional Changes In the dynamic landscape of professional life, it’s essential to revisit and adjust your career goals periodically. This ensures they remain aligned with your evolving personal circumstances and the ever-changing job market. Reflecting on your career path allows you to maintain a trajectory that is both ambitious and realistic, utilizing frameworks like SMART and HARD to set a purpose-driven path. Continuous goal-setting is crucial for keeping your aspirations in sync with your values. As you encounter new opportunities and challenges, consider these steps to stay on course: - Evaluate your current goals and their relevance to your personal growth. - Seek feedback from mentors and peers to gain different perspectives. - Identify new skills to develop that will prepare you for future roles. - Embrace resilience and adaptability as you navigate through changes. Remember, ensuring your career goals are relevant and fulfilling is a testament to your commitment to personal and professional development. It’s about striking a balance that allows you to pursue your aspirations without compromising your well-being. As you navigate the ever-changing terrain of your professional life, it’s crucial to have a mentor who can guide you through the complexities of career growth. At River, part of MentorcliQ, we specialize in providing state-of-the-art mentoring software and services that empower individuals and organizations to achieve their career aspirations. Don’t let your career goals become stagnant; adapt and thrive with the support of our expertly designed mentoring programs. Visit our website to learn more about how we can help you align your career trajectory with your evolving life goals and to schedule a demo of our award-winning mentoring software. Navigating Towards Success: The Role of Mentorship in Career Development As we conclude our exploration of the profound impact mentorship has on professional development, it’s evident that having a mentor is akin to having a lighthouse guiding us through the often tumultuous seas of our career journey. The insights and strategies discussed throughout this article underscore the importance of setting clear, SMART goals and the invaluable role mentors play in helping us achieve them. Mentorship is not just about receiving guidance; it’s about building a relationship that fosters growth, resilience, and the ability to adapt to life’s evolving landscape. Whether you’re just embarking on your career odyssey or navigating through its peaks and valleys, remember that mentorship can be your career beacon, illuminating the path to success and fulfillment in alignment with your personal values and aspirations. Frequently Asked Questions How does mentorship contribute to setting and achieving career goals? Mentorship provides guidance, support, and a structured approach to navigating career challenges, helping to set SMART goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. It ensures that career objectives are clear, attainable, and aligned with personal values. What are the benefits of having a mentor in professional development? Having a mentor fosters personal and professional growth, aids in developing leadership skills, offers a roadmap through career challenges, and facilitates clear goal-setting for success. Mentors provide wisdom, experience, and a supportive network to help mentees reach their full potential. How do you define personal success in a mentorship relationship? Personal success in a mentorship relationship is defined by setting and achieving goals that align with your individual values and passions. It involves continuous learning, embracing challenges as opportunities for growth, and leveraging mentorship to navigate career transitions and advancement. Can mentorship help in navigating career transitions? Yes, mentorship can play a pivotal role in navigating career transitions by offering insights, support, and guidance. It helps in reassessing goals, developing new skills, and maintaining work-life harmony as personal and professional landscapes evolve. What makes a mentor-mentee relationship thrive? A thriving mentor-mentee relationship is built on reciprocity, trust, and effective communication. It involves aligning personal values with professional aspirations, holistic development, and a mutual commitment to growth and learning. How can continuous learning impact my career advancement? Continuous learning is essential for career advancement as it allows you to stay updated with industry trends, acquire new skills, and adapt to changes. It positions you to seize career opportunities and is a key strategy for achieving long-term professional goals.

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Decentralization and sovereignty: how policy space is eroded Citizens’ Network on Essential Services In many countries, citizens clamor for decentralization which can vest them with greater grassroots power and autonomy. The foundation of decentralization is the “principle of subsidiarity,” which assigns power and responsibility to the lowest level of government – the level closest to the people being served. decentralization (another term for “privatization”) shifts power and responsibility from governments to firms – even in the areas of health care, education and water services. Particularly in the absence of strong regulation, citizens, especially poor citizens, have little power over firms. The impacts of decentralization were studied by researchers at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 19 countries, who found that “decentralization has actually led to improvements in poverty reduction in only a third of the cases” (Jutting et al., 2005). Countries where there has been no impact or a negative impact include Uganda, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Vietnam and Sri Lanka. contribute to the disappointing impacts of decentralization. This article highlights how the international financial and trade institutions derail decentralization by diminishing “fiscal space” (i.e., options and resources) and transferring the rights of governments to investors. To take back power, citizens must not only struggle to establish accountable, representative government, but also take into account the ways in which the international financial and trade organizations, e.g., the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank and World Trade Organization (WTO), can undercut their efforts. During the 1990s, Shahid J. Burki and Guillermo Perry, World Bank Vice President for Latin America and Chief Economist, respectively, engineered decentralization in the region. In Beyond the Center, Burki et al. (1998) argue that in order to protect against macroeconomic instability caused by subnational (i.e., state and local) fiscal excesses, it is necessary to have a “hegemonic and internally disciplined political party with the power to suppress any defiant behavior on the part of subnational politicians” and to revise electoral rules to “discourage party fragmentation…which makes policy-making more difficult and weakens the position of the president.” The authors also stress the importance of rules and legislation that strengthen the office of the presidency in relation to the legislature, including “powers to rule by decree” and “an unassailable presidential veto.” In Latin America, this is called presidencialismo. This suits the reformers for whom the ultimate goal of decentralization is the transfer of public responsibilities to private sector actors. Indeed, decentralization redefines the boundaries of the public and private sectors. Financial Institutions – the IMF and the World Bank – centralize power through policy conditionality attached to loans negotiated with the Finance Ministers of developing countries. Some conditions require Presidents to issue “Supreme” or “Executive Decrees.” In the aftermath of protests against water price hikes in Cochabamba, Bolivia, the World Bank postponed its requirement that the Executive issue a Supreme Decree further raising water prices. In 2004, a loan called for Mozambique to issue seven decrees. Such measures shift power from the legislative branch to the executive branch of government and undermine the democratic character and functions of the parliaments, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) processes have also facilitated this shift. Low-income country governments must prepare PRSPs – so-called national development strategies as a requirement for financing. Parliaments need not only greater engagement, but also more power in such processes. As it is, the IMF sets budget parameters for the governments of most low-income and highly-indebted countries to heed. Donors and creditors do not use their power responsibly when their volatile aid flows create massive budget imbalances. Some countries, such as Ghana and Ethiopia, have absorbed rather than spent aid in order to off-set volatile aid flows, avoid currency appreciation, and build up reserves. In addition, donors and creditors undercut governments when they channel financing through Program Implementation Units (PIUs) which operate in parallel with public administration and budgeting efforts. priorities appear in the budgets of local governments, these budgets need to be spent on the donors’ goals rather than on other local needs. In some countries, such as Mali, donors are requiring governments to devote more resources to foreign-owned projects while local priorities are neglected. Attempts by donors and creditors to build government capacity for public financial management, including budgeting, have had mixed results. World Bank support for capacity building has encountered “considerable difficulty in the area of public financial management largely because of limited country ownership of the change Indeed, such efforts in Ghana were doomed because the government had different goals than the Bank. and creditors provide “budget support,” meaning that they pool their resources in support of national and subnational budgets. In 2004, a USAID study finds that the budget support process in Tanzania prompted the disengagement of many parliamentarians (Frantz, 2004, p. 7). When donors pool their money, it relieves a government of the competing demands of many donors, but it also creates a donor/creditor policy cartel with many “budget bosses.” Steps to shift rights from governments to investors The World Bank’s focus on reforming investment regimes constitutes a centerpiece of its corporate strategy. This emphasis permeates its operations to promote decentralization through structural adjustment, public sector reform, and sector-wide reform (e.g., health care, education) programs as well as its Donors and creditors finance privatization, budget austerity, and economic liberalization programs that accompany the decentralization process. The impacts of such policies on local governments are discussed below. Decentralization and Privatization. Commonly, political decentralization precedes fiscal decentralization, so that local governments inherit “unfunded mandates” – that is, mandates to deliver services without the resources required to do so. This is particularly problematic because local governments may lack access to capital markets and rely heavily upon locally-generated taxes and fees for services. Due to the lack of resources, many local governments are forced to privatize assets and services. The World Bank sometimes cripples local governments by promoting premature decentralization, placing additional financial resources and responsibilities upon local governments before they are prepared to handle them. Decentralization and Services in Sri Lanka The 2003-2006 World Bank Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) for Sri Lanka stipulated that the government would gain access to higher levels of financing if it increased the share of revenues transferred to the local level. On one hand, there is a good argument to be made that decentralization needs to be accompanied by corresponding increases in fiscal resources. On the other hand, the CAS suggests that this transfer will be the principal measure of effective decentralization – a classic case of using a simple input (money) to measure a complex outcome (good local governance). Because more World Bank funds are promised if these transfers are sped up, the government has an incentive to channel significant revenue streams before mechanisms are created for ensuring transparent and accountable governance at the local level. In the privatization process, local governments are often faced with demands that they provide subsidies and guarantees for private firms. As privatization proceeds at the subnational level, local governments are often required to provide subsidies for corporations. Some schemes provide “performance-based” subsidies to firms when delivery of services (e.g., health care, education, water) to poor populations is verified. However, there are serious transaction costs and constraints to such schemes, especially in low-income countries and those with weak governance. Donors and creditors promote subsidies to corporations, since cross-subsidies between sectors (telecommunications and water) or between rich and poor rate-payers violate Guarantees. Generally, investors expect local governments to provide guarantees – particularly for infrastructure projects – which shift specific price, demand and currency risks onto taxpayers. The Articles of Agreement of the World Bank (IBRD and IDA) require that, if the institution provides a guarantee to a subnational government, it must obtain a counter-guarantee from the central government. However, the World Bank and other creditors and donors launched a new Subnational Development (SND) Facility in July 2006 that offers guarantees to local governments without backing from the central government. When private ventures backed by a guarantee fail, the local government is likely to assume large, debt-like financial obligations without any mechanisms for restructuring or writing down the obligations. Creditors might intercept transfers from the central to local government, leaving the local government impoverished. spending. At present, donors and creditors are promoting infrastructure investment. Soon, infrastructure operations will constitute 40% of the World Bank’s lending portfolio. The IMF raised its inflation targets to permit higher levels of government spending for infrastructure, among other things. Local governments are being asked to provide significant infrastructure financing and guarantees relative to their fiscal resources. Indeed, the World Bank estimates that during the 1990s, governments and public utilities provided 70% of the financing for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure compared with only 22% from aid, and 8% from the private sector. In 2005, World Bank expert Antonio Estache (2004) released a study of PPPs in infrastructure from 1994 to 2004 which found that efficiency gains were often at the expense of poor people and poor areas. Risks to government budgets increased as governments offered investors costly guarantees and financial supports that ensure profitability, minimize capital outlays, and greatly increase the fiscal exposure of government. Corruption also increased. In order to expand the supply of infrastructure and social services, donors and creditors are also scaling up community-driven development (CDD) and social fund (SF) operations which finance community groups, civil society organizations, and local governments. World Bank lending in support of CDD approaches increased from USD 250 million in 1996 to approximately USD 2 billion annual investments (or 10% of the Bank’s portfolio) in 2004. Social funds have received World Bank financing in about 60 countries for a total of nearly USD 4 billion from all sources. World Bank evaluators found that: The experience with community development shows that despite sophisticated targeting mechanisms, the poorest and most vulnerable generally appear to have been missed while the better off among the community have gained more of the benefits... Where social funds have accounted for a substantial share of public expenditure, such as in Bolivia, Honduras, and Nicaragua, they have distorted the efficiency of resource allocation and have negatively affected sectoral and budgetary planning. And where community development projects have been implemented by setting up parallel structures for community participation rather than by working through local governments, they have actually weakened the capacity of local governments and the decentralization Three out of four of the water components of CDD projects failed. External evaluators participating in a World Bank evaluation of such projects suggested that the Bank cease financing CDD and SF operations until performance can be improved. mortgage the future 1. Cutting Local Governments Loose. Since 2002, investment reform has taken center stage in the World Bank’s corporate strategy. Decentralization can upset the macroeconomic stability prized by investors. Hence, to restrain demand, restore macroeconomic balances and build creditworthy subnational governments, donors and creditors promote policies to: limit fiscal transfers from central to state and local (“subnational”) allow central government transfers to local governments to be “intercepted by creditors in order to collect debt-related obligations; require local governments to adopt hard budget ceilings which prevent central governments from bailing them out. For instance, prior to the 2002 election in Brazil, leaks revealed that the IMF and the Brazilian Finance Ministry agreed to terms which required, among other things, a reduction in revenue-sharing with the states and municipalities, termination of revenue earmarking, and promises by President Lula Da Silva’s new administration to resist pressures to reopen the debt restructuring agreements between federal and This deal, which by-passed democratic debate and decision-making by the Brazilian Congress and people, placed state and local governments under significant fiscal pressure. The case of Bolivia In 2002, World Bank loans required that the Government of Bolivia 1) present a legal opinion confirming the legality of the use of revenue intercepts as collateral to municipal credit operations with any lender; 2) adopt major procurement reforms; and 3) require municipalities to adopt fiscal responsibility laws, which ensure that they maintain hard budget ceilings, precluding bail-outs from the central government. Such steps are intended to improve the access of municipalities to financing from the international capital markets for their local investment programs. Seven municipalities adopted fiscal responsibility laws and accepted fiscal targets that were based on the IMF’s assumption of 4% Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in 2001. The actual GDP growth rate was only 1.2% with output declining in all areas except for natural gas production. Central government revenues plunged by 26% in 2001 and general transfers from the central to municipal governments were 11% less than projected. However, the municipalities with fiscal responsibility laws were constrained from borrowing; instead, they instituted new taxes and user fees and carried out cutbacks in programs and services. 2. Budgets and Government Procurement. Donors and creditors engaged in “budget support” operations are in a position to pressure governments to liberalize government procurement at central and subnational levels. Through procurement practices, governments have always promoted national or local productive, employment, and service sectors. However, as government procurement is liberalized, local suppliers and workers must compete for government contracts with global suppliers. Liberalizing government procurement is a sure path to privatization In Ghana, a binding condition of a 2003 World Bank loan required the liberalization of government The loan conditionality was so invasive that a World Bank Board member expressed concern that the World Bank’s heavy pressure was forcing Ghana to liberalize well beyond WTO requirements. In 2005, World Bank evaluators stated that IDA exerted “significant pressure” on the government of Malawi to liberalize its procurement and that the Bank did not pay attention to government concerns about proposed procurement reforms, which were finally liberalization policies. By definition, trade liberalization cuts trade taxes, hence putting tremendous fiscal pressure on central governments, which turn to local governments to shoulder greater fiscal burdens. Africa, trade taxes accounted for between a quarter and a third of total tax revenue. Consumption taxes (e.g., the value-added tax, or VAT) seek to recoup lost revenue from trade taxes. The VAT is highly regressive, meaning that it hits low-income groups the hardest. usually fail to replace lost trade tax revenues from other sources. “Using a panel of 125 countries over 20 years, Baunsgaard and Keen (2005) find that low-income countries typically recover at most 30 cents for each dollar of lost trade tax revenue, even over the longer-term.” A recent United Nations Conference on Trade and Development study predicts that the losses in tariff income for developing countries under the WTO’s Doha Round could range between USD 32 billion and USD 63 billion annually. This loss in government revenues – the source of developing-country health care, education, water provision, and sanitation budgets – is two to four times the mere USD 16 billion in benefits projected by the World Bank. legislatures have little influence over decisions to reduce tariffs, they are generally faced with a potentially catastrophic budgetary situation after the cuts are made. 2. Trade and Investment Agreements. The WTO, including the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), came into force in 1994. The GATS applies its rules, or disciplines, to about 160 sectors. As central governments make commitments under the GATS and negotiate other trade and investment agreements, they are committing local governments to conformity with trade rules. These trade rules are enforced on the domestic legal and regulatory activities of “regional, or local governments” and “nongovernmental bodies in the exercise of powers delegated” by any and all government jurisdictions. These rules create a loss of fiscal and policy space at the local level. When a government’s human rights norms and trade rules come into conflict, the conflict would not be resolved in a domestic court, but rather in a secret international trade tribunal, beyond the public “eye.” A UN report, “Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Liberalization of Trade in Services and presented extensive evidence that, although increased foreign private investment can upgrade national infrastructure, introduce new technology, and provide employment; it can also lead to: the establishment of a two-tiered service supply with a corporate segment focused on the healthy and wealthy and an under-financed public sector focusing on the poor and sick; an overemphasis on commercial objectives at the expense of social objectives which might be more focused on the provision of quality health, water and education services for those that cannot afford them at commercial rates; an increasingly large and powerful private sector that can threaten the role of the government as the primary duty bearer for human rights by subverting regulatory systems through political pressure or the co-opting of regulators. Burki, S.J., Perry, G. and Dillinger, W. (1998). Beyond the Center: Decentralizing the State. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Estache, A. (2004). “PPI partnerships vs. PPI divorces in LDCs”. World Bank and ECARES (Université Libre de Bruxelles), October. Frantz, B. (2004). “General Budget Support in Tanzania: A Snapshot of its Effectiveness”. USAID, 3 Jutting, J., Corsi, E. and Stockmayer, A. (2005). “Decentralization and Poverty Reduction”. Policy Insights, No. 5, OECD Development Centre, January. Nancy Alexander is Director of the Citizens’ Network on Essential Services. World Bank Poverty Reduction Support Credit I (PRSC I), 2004. IMF, “The Macroeconomics of Managing Increased Aid Inflows: Experiences of Low-Income Countries and Policy Implications,” 8 August 2005. See the IMF’s First Review under Mali’s 3-Year PRGF arrangement. April 2005 World Bank, Operations Evaluation Department (OED). “Capacity-Building in Africa,” 2005, p. 29. In Fiscal Year 2005 almost half of the new Bank projects had at least one component addressing governance and public sector reform. In addition, “non-discriminatory” trade rules do not permit a government to favor domestic firms or disfavor foreign firms engaged in “like” activities. Such rules, where they apply, could require that, where a government subsidizes domestic health care or water companies, it must also subsidize “like” foreign companies. (See GATS Article III, Paragraph 17). Draft Concept Note, International Conference on Local Development, Washington, D.C., 16-18 June 2004. World Bank, Independent Evaluation Group, draft Annual Review of Development Effectiveness (ARDE), 2004. World Bank, Operations Evaluation Department (OED). “Efficient, Sustainable Service for All? An OED Review of the World Bank’s Assistance to Water Supply and Sanitation,” Report No. 26433, 1 September 2003. See comments by Robert Chambers and Norman Uphoff in Annex R of the World Bank IEG’s evaluation of “The Effectiveness of World Bank Support for Community-Based and -Driven Development,” October 2005. IMF, Brazil – “Request for Stand-by Arrangement,” 30 August 2002, p. 23; and “First Review Under the Stand-by Arrangement and Request for Modification of Performance Criterion,” 4 December 2002. World Bank Programmatic Structural Adjustment Credit for Decentralization, May 2001; and The Tranche Release Document for the above Programmatic Structural Adjustment Credit (PSAC), July 2002. World Bank Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC), July 2003. World Bank, Operations Evaluation Department (OED), Capacity-Building in Africa, Malawi Case Study, 2005. IMF, “Dealing with the Revenue Consequences of Trade Reform,” 15 February 2005, p. 19. Report of the High Commissioner, 15 June 2002.

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The defending champs, the New England Patriots, face the Kansas City Chiefs. Watt is being honored by the NFL Players Association after raising more than $29 million for Hurricane Harvey relief efforts. Toronto also loves its football, which you won’t truly understand until you go there, spend time there, and live there. bns gold This would be a great time for our community to show support for our military community by supporting this cause or others that continue to serve them after they serve us. Just as Henderson began picking up steam midway through camp he suffered a major setback. Other agencies working on the campaign include Taylor Strategy, VaynerMedia, starpower, Carat and Wasserman.. “It’s a lot more complex, and guys are a lot better at hiding what they’re doing. But the Patriots released him in 2013, shortly after he was arrested in the killing of semi pro football player Odin Lloyd, who was dating the sister of Hernandez fiancee. 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ON TOPClick for full scheduleStoried football Hall of Famer Joe Montana tells NBC’s Eric Hinton that Colin Kaepernick is most likely out of the NFL because of poor play, not his controversial stance of kneeling before the National Anthem last season. We have to earn the respect of the rest of the league. These provide a behind the scenes look at the NFL through mentoring relationships, networking opportunities and speaker presentations. NFL players, starting last season with then San Francisco quarterback Colin Kaepernick, have either knelt, sat or raised fists during the anthem to protest police treatment of blacks and social injustice. No policy that was written or spoken about, coach Dan Quinn said. Your athletic experiences will help you relate to rookies and veterans as you work to advance their careers. Similarly, Dawkins in his first year led UCF to a 24 12 mark, doubling its win total from each of the previous two seasons. 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The UCLA product carried around a framed photo of his grandmother all night, and when his name got called he explained why.McKinley, from the town of Richmond, Calif., was raised by his grandmother.She worked multiple jobs to keep him off the violent streets growing up and when she was on her death bed McKinley promised he would make it to a Division I college and then to the NFL.NFL Draft: Recapping every first round pickTakkarist McKinley, from the town of Richmond, Calif., was raised by his grandmother. 89 Doug Baldwin, WR (5 10, 192, seventh season): Questionable to play (groin). The tears flowed.Colin Kaepernick Files Grievance Against NFLThen, Nieto waited for his bride.Stoddart, who has a beautiful voice, walked down the aisle to him, singing Celine Dion’s ballad, “Because You Loved Me.”California Turns Corner in Battling Wine Country Fires”You were my strength when I was weak,” Stoddart sang, looking at her groom. The NFL is different. 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In Indianapolis, Indiana Every year fans of football, basketball, car racing and many other sports converge on Indianapolis, a city rich in sports culture. NFL scouts must evaluate and recommend players to their teams ahead of the NFL Draft. nike air max 90 In a letter sent to Elliott, which was, the league explained its findings and the punishment for violating the NFL’s personal conduct policy. Since then, salaries for NFL coordinators have shot through the roof. This is a July 25, 2017, file photo showing Dallas Cowboys running back Ezekiel Elliott during NFL football training camp in Oxnard, Calif. Linebacker CoachingLinebackers line up directly behind the defensive line and in front of the secondary in a typical defensive football formation. nike air max 2015 But Virginia Tech would have gained far more, and I think that’s where the disgruntlement from a lot of the fan base is coming from. http://www.hasene.dk/?p=14306 Imagine averaging a 100 yard game for your career. As Bill Simmons wrote for ESPN in 2001, “Within months,” of Carroll’s hiring in New England, “players were diving into mosh pits, missing practices, and getting into car accidents and fistfights. Examples put forward against the deal compare the 2013 football quarter final, which attracted 442,800 viewers on TV3 to that of the 2015 football quarter final, which was only watched by 48,300 people on SKY a difference of 394,500.. Be safe, all.

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Origins of the American War in Vietnam: The OSS Role in Saigon in 1945 Nearly thirty years have passed since the end of the “Vietnam War” or rather the “American War,” as it is known in Vietnam. But the American war in Vietnam originated in the French war to restore colonialism in the power vacuum following the Japanese surrender in August-September 1945. As the following article documents, early U.S. post-war planners seemed to have grasped the iniquitous nature of old-style colonialism only to have forgotten their ideals when confronted with an independent revolutionary movement in the early days of US-Soviet conflict. History has revealed the disastrous consequences of American escalation in Vietnam on the wrong side of history, just as the lessons of history appear seldom to have been learned as, one generation on, America plunges into no less disastrous military adventures in other theaters in pursuit of militant Islam tied to terror. A Watershed in U.S. Policy on Southeast Asia As the Pentagon Papers reveal, U.S. policy towards France and repossession of its colonial territories was ambivalent. On the one hand, the U.S. supported Free French claims to all overseas possessions. On the other hand, in the Atlantic Charter and in other pronouncements, the U.S. proclaimed support for national self-determination and independence. Through 1944, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt held to his views on colonialism and proscribed direct U.S. support for French resistance groups inside Indochina. By January 1945, U.S. concerns had shifted decisively to the Japanese archipelago and the prospect of U.S. force commitments to Southeast Asia was nixed, leaving this sphere to British forces. Following the Yalta Conference (February 1945), U.S. planners declined to offer logistical support to Free French forces in Indochina. But the American position came under French criticism in March 1945 in the wake of the Japanese coup de force in Vichy French-administered Indochina leading to Japanese military takeover and internment of French civilians. The American decision to forego commitment to operations in Southeast Asia prompted the Singapore-based British Southeast Asia Command (SEAC) commander Admiral Louis Mountbatten to liberate Malaya without U.S. assistance. At the time of Roosevelt’s death on 12 April 1945, U.S. policy towards the colonial possessions of Allies was in “disarray.” Roosevelt is on record for his anti-colonial views with regard to French rule in Indochina. These were elaborated at the Teheran Conference of 28 November 1943 where Roosevelt and Stalin concurred that Indochina should not be returned to the French, and were reiterated in January the following year over the opposition of the British “who fear the effect [trusteeship] would have on their own possessions and those of the Dutch.” As reported by Charles Taussig, who interviewed Roosevelt, “the President was concerned about the plight of “brown people” in the East ruled over by a handful of whites. “Our goal must be to help them achieve independence – 1.1 billion enemies are dangerous,” he said. Roosevelt opined that French Indochina and New Caledonia should be placed under a trusteeship or, at a minimum, should France retain these colonies, then with the proviso that independence was the ultimate goal. Roosevelt also launched the predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), headed by William Donovan, in July 1941. Enjoying close ties to Roosevelt, Donovan was instructed to provide cover to support national liberation movements in Asia to resist the Japanese. Whereas in France the OSS worked alongside the Free French to resist the Nazi occupation, in Asia the situation differed in Asia. When Japanese invaded Indochina in September 1940, the U.S. froze Japanese assets, the first of several moves that would lead to the Pearl Harbor attack. In July 1942, with Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia a reality, the OSS set up a guerrilla base in India for operations in Southeast Asia and China. In northern Vietnam and southern Yunnan, the OSS worked hand-in-hand with the Vietnamese communists, while Ho Chi Minh’s Viet Minh gave assistance to downed U.S. fliers. The OSS team was also present in Hanoi on 17 August 1945, the day that the Viet Minh took over Hanoi from the Japanese. Vo Nguyen Giap with Vietminh Roosevelt’s penchant for trusteeships as a bridge to independence foundered, however, in the face of determined British opposition. At the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in August-September 1944, where the blueprint for a new international system was brokered, the British skirted the colonial issue altogether. The President’s lip service to anti-colonialism was not matched by U.S. intervention in Vietnam, indeed Indochina would be assigned a status parallel to that of Burma, Malaya and the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), that is free territory to be re-conquered by the colonial powers. The advent of the Truman Administration in April 1945 represented a turning point in Washington’s thinking on the larger questions of colonialism and independence. The New Deal idealism of Roosevelt and Donovan, which viewed the struggle against Western colonialism as part of the struggle against tyranny, came under intense scrutiny in the light of a reappraisal of the Soviet Union and changing conceptions of the U.S. global role in general, and its position in the Asia-Pacific in particular. The change of direction in the Truman Administration was matched by a more assertive approach by the State Department, especially its European section. In April 1945, French diplomats in Washington “skillfully” applied pressure to gain official recognition of French sovereignty in Indochina. Notably, at the United Nations Conference at San Francisco in May-June 1945, Under-Secretary of State James Dunn, together with Secretary of State Edward Stettinius, assured the French about the unchanged colonial status of Indochina, asserting that Washington had never “officially” questioned French sovereignty. According to Richard J. Aldrich, at this stage the OSS in the field was obviously “out of step with metropolitan policy-makers,” especially with respect to the larger issues of colonialism and communism. But the dye was also set for the future of post-surrender Indochina by the terms of the Potsdam Conference of July-August 1945 where it was decided to temporarily partition Vietnam (and Laos) at the 16th parallel. Under this arrangement, Allied chiefs-of staff assigned British forces to take the Japanese surrender in Saigon and in Cambodia, while Japanese troops were to surrender to Chinese forces of Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) north of the 16th parallel. Notable, as well, was the direction and influence of George Kennan of the U.S. State Department. Kennan, who had helped establish the U.S. Embassy in Moscow in 1933, became increasingly skeptical towards the USSR, believing that the Roosevelt spirit of cooperation was misplaced. Apparently, State Department realists had already drawn the line on vigilance against international communism, even prior to the advent of the Truman administration. Support for the Dutch and French under the Atlantic Treaty obliged the U.S. to walk a fine line in dealing with these two nations with respect to their Southeast Asian colonies. Kennan recommended that the Dutch and French distance themselves from 19th century imperialism and face up to modern realities. He also urged multinational collaboration in Asia with India, Pakistan, and the Philippines to dispel association with white imperialism. Specifically, Kennan recognized militant Asian nationalism as a historical reality and viewed any attempt to reverse this process as an “anti-historical act and, in the long run, would create more problems than it solves and cause more damage than benefit.” But, according to A.K. Nelson in an introduction to a State Department Policy Planning paper, Kennan viewed Soviet attention to Southeast Asia as a strategic lever against the U.S. Kennan was convinced that the Soviet Union had expansionist goals and that it had to be stopped, the subject of his now famous “Long Telegram” of 22 February 1946. The U.S. Cold War policy of “containment” as enunciated in the Truman Doctrine of 12 March 1947, also bears Kennan’s signature. America’s slide into the Vietnam War, as tracked in the Pentagon Papers and elsewhere, can be traced back to these watershed events and decisions. But how did these lofty ideals, reappraisals, and fast-shifting commitments play out on the ground in Saigon in the heady days of August-September 1945 following the Japanese surrender? The China-Indochina Theater In the larger scheme, the U.S. role in Indochina preceding and following the Japanese surrender flowed out of its commitments in support of Jiang Jieshi and the Guomindang in the China Theater, which included those parts of Thailand and Indochina then occupied by the Allies. While Jiang exercised preeminence over the Allies in the China Theater, at a meeting at his wartime headquarters in Chongqing (Chungking) on 16 October 1943, SEAC Commander, Louis Mountbatten gained the Generalissimo’s approval for the British-dominated SEAC to operate inside these boundaries. As early as 1942-1943 clandestine American parties were operating in Free China and by 1944, the OSS already actively sought the support of the Viet Minh in the anti-Japanese cause. In 1945 the OSS was reorganized with the tacit agreement of SEAC and China, setting up staff headquarters in strategically located Kunming in Yunnan. The Japanese coup de force in Indochina of March 1945 also galvanized the OSS into action in the north, just as Free French guerrillas took to the mountains in both Vietnam and Laos to prepare for an eventual colonial restoration. Drawing upon OSS sources, Specter argues that the American role in the south, if more conspicuous than in the north, was much less important. Yet it was in Saigon in September 1945 that American support for self-determination and independence came unstuck. The following account seeks to explain less well documented events and actions on the part of the OSS in southern Vietnam, which, together with contemporaneous events in Laos, also highlight conflicts of interests and goals among the British, French and the Americans concerning restoration of the colonial status quo ante. First Americans in Saigon The first Americans into Saigon entered by parachute on 1 September 1945. They were a prisoner-of-war evacuation group under First Lieutenant Emile R. Counasse. This was an advance element of Operation Embankment, in turn planned as early as 10 August by OSS Detachment 404 based in Sri Lanka (Ceylon). The above group was to accompany British troops to Saigon with the stated objective of investigating war crimes, locating and assisting Allied POWs, particularly Americans, securing American properties, and tracking political trends. From the outset British General Gracey had objected to the American presence in Vietnam. However, he was overridden by SEAC commander, Mountbatten. Operation Embankment was commanded by Lieut-Colonel A. Peter Dewey, who arrived in Saigon by C-47 on 2 September with four team members landing on a Japanese airfield near the main Saigon (Tan Son Nhut) airport. Dewey was told that he was on his own and could expect no logistical help from the British. This arrangement also allowed him to operate independently. The arrival of the OSS team was not America’s first involvement in southern Vietnam. For three years American air and naval forces had been harassing Japanese positions in and around Vietnam. Notably, Saigon harbor had been raided by U.S. carrier-based aircraft and bombing raids had flown out of India. At least one American airman had been shot down over Cholon, Saigon’s China-town, in an attempted raid on the railway station. Eventually, the OSS team liberated 214 Americans held in Japanese POW camps outside of Saigon. The majority had been captured in Java and employed on the River Kwai railroad before being interned in Saigon. Another eight were airmen shot down over Indochina. They were flown out of Saigon on seven DC3s on 5 September. Archival sources make no mention of Dewey’s brief to investigate Japanese war crimes, indeed these records possibly remain classified. Setting aside high profile cases, such as with Field Marshal Terauchi Hisaichi, it was the French who vigorously prosecuted Japanese war crimes in Vietnam, of which there were many against French officials and French and Vietnamese civilians alike. French investigations led to the execution of five Japanese for the murder of American airmen downed in Indochina. At this time, many Japanese, Kempeitai included, avoided investigation by throwing in their lot with the Viet Minh as military advisors and in other roles. In the event, Counasse’s advance team was greeted “respectfully” by the Japanese. They also had to content with the so-called United National Front government in Saigon comprising Trotskyists, Cao Dai, Hao Hoa and other nationalist and religious groups and sects. While dismissing the motley coalition government as a “drugstore revolution,” the team nevertheless reported that its control was “complete,” even if its actions appeared “hazy” or unexplainable. With Dewey’s arrival and assumption of local command, the American team established close contact with the leaders of the independence movement, including the Viet Minh. Almost immediately, however, Dewey was prevailed upon by both the French and General Douglas Gracey, the British commander of occupation forces south of the 16th parallel as outlined in the Potsdam Conference, to keep his distance, lest he give the impression of official U.S. support for the independence movement. Dewey had also made personal contact with the Viet Minh. On 7 September, he radioed the first American account of what had transpired in Saigon on Independence Day, matching the events of the August Revolution in Hanoi, leading to the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam by a triumphant Ho Chi Minh. He also air-pouched a comprehensive report on complex Vietnamese political maneuvers in the south and confirmed French General Cedile’s arrival on 22-23 August. Dewey made contact with left-wing French elements then in Saigon leading to his meeting with the Viet Minh supremo of southern Vietnam and future communist historian, Tran Van Giau (along with Dr. Pham Ngoc Thac and Nguyen Van Tao) on 27 August. He kept up a stream of reports relating to the fragile relationship between Giau and the Trotskyists. U.S.-Vietnamese relations took a major turn for the worse on 24 September, when OSS Captain Joseph Coolidge was wounded in an ambush and two days later when Dewey was killed (26 September) in then mysterious circumstances by a group of Vietnamese. Dewey’s successor, Lt. James R. Withrow, arrived soon after, to observe the French re-conquest of South Vietnam. Sometimes billed as America’s first Vietnam War casualty, Dewey was born in 1916 in Chicago, schooled in Switzerland and later majored in French at Yale. He saw action in France against the Germans, before evacuating via Portugal and Spain back to the U.S. In August 1942 he enlisted in the U.S. army as an intelligence officer with the Air Transport Command in Africa. Following an approach made to an old family friend, General Bill Donovan, he was recruited by the OSS. Dewey was also the son of U.S. Congressman, Charles S. Dewey. He was dispatched deep into German occupied France supplying crucial intelligence on the German withdrawal and making an epic 600-mile retreat march through enemy territory. Returning to Washington, in July 1945 he was selected to head the OSS team that would enter Saigon after the Japanese surrender. Dewey’s OSS team was ordered to leave Sri Lanka for Saigon on 1 September. Following stops in Rangoon and Bangkok, the team arrived at Tan Son Nuth airport in Saigon on 4 September where they were met by members of the Japanese High Command and “enthusiastic crowds of Vietnamese,” holding high expectations of a perceived American commitment for an end to colonial empires. Until 12 September, the OSS team with headquarters at the Villa Ferrier northeast of the airport, was the only Allied presence in Saigon. Later that day, a company of British soldiers (a Gurkha division from Rangoon) flew in at around the same time as a company of French paratroopers from Calcutta. In the interim, Dewey made contact with the Viet Minh-established Committee of the South. Advocates of a “peaceful policy,” they looked to America, China, and Russia to prevent a French restoration. Also opposing the French were the pro-Japanese Phuc Quoc Party as well as the United National Front. They spread rumors of an imminent French restoration and were in no mood for negotiations. As always, the Binh Xuyen (Saigon gangsters) were a force to be reckoned with. For their part, the Viet Minh had constructed makeshift roadblocks around Saigon to prevent the French return. Three days prior to Dewey’s death, General Jean Cedile and his forces brazenly occupied all major buildings in Saigon, while arming interned French troops. But these were French troops released under British General Gracey’s order, and Gracey himself was responsible for disarming the Japanese. Provocative actions by the newly armed French troops along with French civilians on the streets of Saigon threw the Viet Minh on the defensive, ironically setting the trap for Dewey on the fateful day of 26 September. Dewey attempted to lodge an official complaint with Gracey, but the British commander, suspecting that Dewey was in cahoots with the Viet Minh, declared the American persona non grata and ordered him out of the country. Dewey acceded to this order, believed by the American party to have been passed down by the French, not at all happy with the OSS role in Indochina generally. Returning to the Villa Ferrier from the airport by jeep owing to a delay in the arrival of his aircraft, Dewey – “possibly mistaken for a Frenchman” – was shot dead in a Viet Minh ambush on the airport perimeter. His companion, Major Herbet Bleuchel, was able to escape. Subsequently, six Vietnamese were killed in a fierce exchange of fire with the beleaguered OSS team holed up in the Villa Ferrier, pending the arrival of two British Gurkha platoons who helped evacuate the American party to the Continental Hotel. Testimony in the form of a signed affidavit of 13 October 1945 by Captain Frank H. White, an OSS team member who sought to recover Dewey’s body, is also revealing. According to White, in the late afternoon, he approached a Vietnamese party displaying a Red Cross flag, seeking to recover bodies of their slain comrades. White observed a considerable number of armed Vietnamese in the vicinity including the leader of the party, a French-speaking individual around 30 years old. Launching into a polemic against the French and the British who protected them, he asserted that, had he known that Dewey was American, he would not have ordered the attack. He also stated that his party had only attacked OSS headquarters because he believed that French and British resided there. White also observed that the Vietnamese were equipped with Japanese military material including cartridge boxes and canteens. [15 Recriminations as to who ordered the killing poisoned the atmosphere, with some Americans blaming British Special Operations Executive (SOE), also operating clandestinely in Saigon, and the British blaming the Japanese, while the French blamed the Viet Minh. In part, to mollify the Americans, Ho Chi Minh let it be known that he disapproved of the killing. This took the form of a letter addressed to President Truman expressing condolences and friendship with the American people. Long after the end of the war, Tran Van Giau apologized to Dewey’s daughter for the Viet Minh error. The Allied Control Commission subsequently produced a report on Dewey’s death, inter alia casting doubt on whether the incident could have been prevented if the Americans were allowed to fly an American flag on their jeeps as wished, and as forbidden by the French. The OSS View Documents relating to OSS Activity in Vietnam, notably those relating to Dewey’s death, are also revealing of the attitudes of the OSS, not to mention French, British and Japanese towards the Viet Minh but also the Viet Minh pris de position in this standoff. The brief by Major F. M. Small is illustrative. As he wrote in a signed affidavit of 25 October 1945, “From my own observation and study, the general situation in Saigon reflects an intense desire on the part of the Vietnamese (Annamese) for independence and thorough hatred of them for the French and any other white people who happen to be in any way supporting or sympathizing with the French. The hatred of the Vietnamese for the French has been brought about by the not too enlightened policy of the French, which has been to exploit the Vietnamese to the greatest extent possible and treat them more or less with contempt. The Vietnamese naturally greatly resent the British protection of French interests and insomuch as the American military in Saigon regularly attend British staff meetings, it is quite likely that the Vietnamese infer that the United States tacitly approves the British policy.” Small also described British General Gracey as “not well suited to his assignment.” Notably, his mishandling of the situation with respect to arming the French POWs was the “single immediate contribution to the intensification of Vietnamese animosity to all whites in Saigon, and thus directly contributed to Dewey’s death.” Sideshow in Laos Neither was there any love lost between the newly returned French in Laos and a party of Americans dubbed Raven Mission dispatched by OSS headquarters in Kunming and parachuted into the landlocked country on 16 September 1945. French General and military historian Jean Boucher de Crèvecoeur goes as far as to say that the American officers were not only opposed to the French and pro-French Lao but actually supported (pro-independence) groups including Prince Phetsarath, the anti-French Lao Issara or Lao nationalist leader, obliquely backed by the Japanese. Major Aaron Banks (already a veteran of various anti-Nazi missions in Europe) and Major Charles Holland of the OSS are described as spouting anti-French propaganda. Events reached a climax on 27 September when a British party led by Major Peter Kemp of Force 136 (the cover name for the British SOE in Southeast Asia) crossing the Mekong from their base at Nakhon Phanom in northeast Thailand were surrounded by an armed Viet Minh patrol who demanded the surrender of French Lieutenant Francis Klotz. Although protected by the British, Klotz was assassinated by the Viet Minh. To the disdain of the French, OSS agent Reese, also accompanying the party, maintained his neutrality. Although, the OSS party remonstrated with the Viet Minh, the killer was never transferred to the British base as they demanded. According to de Crèvecoeur, the incident was also a turning point for the Americans recalled from the mission by higher authorities in Kunming. But in the eyes of the Americans “what made the British operations reprehensible was that they were undertaken on behalf of the French” (and working in territory north of the 16th parallel formally reserved for the Chinese under the Potsdam Agreement). More than anything, the events in Saigon as well as the Laos incident reveals the bind that individual Americans were in, especially in being seen by the French and their British allies as siding with the Viet Minh (alongside Lao nationalists) against pro-French collaborators and coalitions, who were actively succored by stay-behind Free French guerrillas. It may not have been apparent at the time, but the Americans in urban Saigon, as well as the back blocks of Laos, were witness to the first sparks igniting what would be a fratricidal 30-year civil and international war of almost incalculable costs. Certain of the OSS veterans and relatives have returned to Vietnam as virtual state guests, as with Peter Dewey’s daughter. Notably, Viet Minh and OSS veterans, including Asian members, have held at least two reunions, one in 1995 and one in 1997 in New York. Some of the OSS veterans returned to civilian life, as with Frank White who became a foreign correspondent. Georges Wickes, also with Dewey in Saigon, became a professor of English at the University of Oregon. Another, Major Aaron Banks, also a Korean War veteran, joined the American war as the “father” of the Green Berets or U.S. Special Forces. Yet another of the OSS team in Laos, B. Hugh Tovar, went on to play key roles in U.S. Cold War operations. Among other posts, Tovar served the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta in 1964-1966 during the Suharto coup and bloodbath, later resurfacing as CIA station chief in Laos between May 1970 and September 1973, at the height of the “secret war” and bombing. In Washington, Tovar headed Covert Action and Counterintelligence Staffs. More recently, Tovar emerged as an advocate of Hmong minority rights in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. It would be tempting to allow that the OSS-Viet Minh reunions of the mid to late 1990s were harbingers of a larger reconciliation between Washington and Hanoi. While the realities of the American war long pushed these historical memories to the background, the sacrifices shared by both the OSS and the Viet Minh in the anti-Japanese struggle of 1944-1945 are nevertheless notable. Still it required larger shifts by both sides to even reach the stage of resumption of economic ties. Political accommodation would arrive only during the Clinton Administration. Up until 1993, the United States still imposed an economic embargo upon Vietnam. Although bitterly opposed by many veteran groups, along with Republicans in Congress, Clinton lifted the embargo and, in July 1995, restored diplomatic relations. In part, Clinton was also under pressure from American business interests that were still barred from trading with Vietnam. But, responsive to veteran groups, Washington also demanded progress by Hanoi in expediting the search and recovery of missing-persons or MIA cases, while ignoring Vietnamese demands for reparations for Agent Orange and other victims of the American war. In November 2000, Clinton became the first U.S. head of state to visit Vietnam since the end of the war. Although offering no apologies, he nevertheless expressed the need to further the process of reconciliation. As he stated in Hanoi, “The history we leave behind is painful and hard. We must not forget it, but we must not be controlled by it.” As one who had said “no” to the war in his youth, his audience was doubtless all the more appreciative. In November 2006 George W. Bush became the second U.S. president to visit Vietnam since the end of the war, ostensibly to strengthen business ties in the booming Vietnamese economy. But Bush’s visit also drew comparisons between U.S. failure in Vietnam and the war in Iraq, prompting the president’s suggestive, but ironic, “We’ll succeed unless we quit” one-liner. Geoff Gunn is author of Political Struggles in Laos, 1930-1954 (Duang Kamol, Bangkok, 1988; reprint White Lotus, Bangkok, 2005) and an Asia-Pacific Journal coordinator. He wrote this article for The Asia-Pacific Journal. Recommended citation: Geoff Gunn, “Origins of the American War in Vietnam: The OSS Role in Saigon in 1945.” The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 19-3-09, May 9, 2009. Pentagon Papers: The Defense Department History of United States Decisionmaking on Vietnam, Beacon Press, Boston, 1971, Chapter 1 “Background to the Crisis, 1940-50” pp. 1-52. Thomas G. Paterson and Dennis Merrill, Major Problems in American Foreign Policy, Vol. II: Since 1914, 4th ed. D.C. Heath and Co., Lexington 1995, pp.189-90. Archimedes Patti, Why Viet Nam? Prelude to America’ s Albatross, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980. Pentagon Papers. Richard J. Aldrich, Intelligence and the War Against Japan, Britain, America and the Politics of the Secret Service, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 305; 343-45. A.K. Nelson (ed), The State Department Policy Staff papers, 1947-1949 (3 vols. New York), pp. 1ix. Patti, Why Viet Nam?, p.52. R.H. Spector, Advice and Support The Early Years of the United States Army in Vietnam 1941-1960, The Free Press New York London, 1985. For a focused study of intra-factional struggles between the Viet Minh, Trotskyists, and others in Saigon in 1945, see David G. Marr, Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1995). Patti, Why Viet Nam?, p. 272. OSS Southeast Asia Command. Patti, Why Viet Nam?, pp. 275-76. Spector, Advice and Support, p. 68. In a recent book on the role of the British in Vietnam, Britain in Vietnam: Prelude to Disaster, 1945-6 (Routledge, 2007, chap “Death of an OSS Man”), Peter Neville strikes a more critical position on the OSS role in Saigon, at least as reported by Archimedes Patti in Why Viet Nam? Neville even doubts that Dewey was ordered out of Vietnam suggesting he wished to leave on his own volition. Death of Major Peter Dewey, October 1945, Pike Collection, Item no. 2360209040 Seymour Topping, “Vietnamese Historian Recalls Untold Story of Tragic Murder of Peter Dewey,” in The OSS Society, Inc, Summer 2005, pp.3-4. Documents Relating to OSS Activity in French Indochina MLB-2739-B. Death of Major Peter Dewey, October 1945. Arthur J. Dommen and George W. Dalley, “The OSS and Laos: The 1945 Raven Mission and American Policy,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 22, no.2, September, 1991, pp.327-46. Jean Boucher de Crèvecoeur, La Liberation du Laos, 1945-1946, Service Historique de l’Armée de Terre, Vincennes, 1985, pp. 51-60. de Crèvecoeur, La Liberation, pp.51-60. Dommen and Dalley, p.342. Dommen and Dalley (p.346) suggest that knowledge of the “impermissible independence” of the OSS in Laos actually gave pause to President Truman and successors as to the need for firmer presidential control over a successor intelligence organization, namely the CIA. The OSS also fell victim of intra-bureaucratic turf wars in Washington. Abolished by Truman, the OSS was formally closed down in October 1945 with individuals morphing into a Strategic Services Unit coming under the War Department. In July 1947, the CIA was created as America’s prime intelligence organization, just as the Cold War was given priority. See, Aldrich, Intelligence and the War Against Japan, p.343. Robert Scheer, “Bush’s Vietnam Analogy,” The Nation, 22 November 2006.

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Aulich Criminal Law. Confidence is born of competence. Our criminal lawyers are expertly trained. A legal battle begins long before it is fought in the courtroom. The quality that distinguishes the best defender is a sharp mind, totally familiar with the relevant law, and court craft to back it up. Our level of commitment – and constant exposure to judges and magistrates – instils confidence in our clients when it matters most. Principal Ben Aulich has established himself as one of Canberra’s leading criminal lawyers. He launched Aulich with an impeccable background of skill – developed from practising exclusively in criminal law for many of his early years of practice. Ben has handled so many criminal cases, ranging from murder, to drug conspiracy, to drink driving and traffic matters. Now with a combined 30 years’ experience across its criminal team, Aulich provide considered but direct and easily understood advice, protecting clients against the perils of facing prosecution, and environment in which they are absolute strangers. We never lose sight of the fact that criminal law can seem like a foreign country for our clients. Confrontation by the law is a daunting prospect. All lawyers know that, and the best of them are offended by attempts to exploit clients who are in extremis, and out of their depth. The process doesn’t come cheap, but that doesn’t equate to justifying many firms’ expensive charges. What we provide is a team of experts who have sharpened their skills working on some of the most significant cases in Australia. What our clients say Charlene Chalker-Harris is an absolute credit to Aulich. When she represented me on an assault charge she treated me like a human being, not a criminal. She engaged with me on a personal level, she was caring and she was determined to get the right outcome for me. I was convinced I was going to jail but the way Charlene spoke on my behalf at the sentencing kept me out of prison. I am beyond grateful. She is an amazing person, and an amazing lawyer. Peter Woodhouse represented me when I was facing serious assault charges and there was not one point when I doubted anything he said or did as my advocate. He kept me calm during a very stressful time, but the biggest thing was that he was looking at my situation and helping manage how much money my family was spending. A lot of people think lawyers all just want money but Peter just wanted to do what was right. It has affected my life forever winning this case and I am forever grateful to Peter and my barrister for everything they did. As my lawyer, Charlene Chalker-Harris made a huge difference to my life. I had quite a fight on my hands with serious criminal charges against me and Charlene’s skill and diligence meant I was able to navigate a complicated process more easily, and with less stress. Charlene was awesome – she helped me get the truth out with regard to my matter and I was very lucky to have her in my corner. Charlene Chalker-Harris communicated clearly but warmly and put us at relative ease as we headed into an emotionally charged period of our lives after Lee was charged with serious offences. Charlene was frank and honest with us about culpability, but delivered this advice with care and thought. She provided well-crafted legal strategies to move forward, without trying to coerce or force Lee down any one path. We believe it was Charlene’s particularly well-honed legal counsel that led to the best possible outcomes in both NSW and ACT courts. Her skill in remaining consistently calm and balanced helped us emerge from this period stronger instead of diminished. A lot of lawyers can be seen as blood-suckers but Peter Woodhouse did everything that needed to be done efficiently and professionally, and with my best interests at heart in terms of what I could afford financially. I found that very comforting. Peter made himself available at any time, day or night, even though he has a young family. I never needed to chase him – he was always the first to contact me with an update. I was super impressed with Peter. We got a good result and I absolutely would use him again. Carley Hitchins and the Aulich team have exceeded all expectations in guiding me through what was an unfamiliar and daunting legal process. Carley’s attitude, attention to detail and empathy towards me was second to none. Aulich Associate Satomi Hamon is great and we are lucky to have her support us. She is extremely professional, knowledgeable, ethical and willing to challenge us on matters. I’ve been exposed to way too many law firms over the years and Aulich’s approach to law is greatly appreciated. Carley successfully represented my son who was arrested after trying to defend his mates during a fight. It could have fundamentally changed the course of his, and our family’s, life if he’d been convicted. We are so grateful for what Carley did for us. Carley Hitchins truly represents Aulich’s principles and values in a tough industry. I am immensely grateful for her thoroughly professional defence, which was intertwined with care and respect. Without Satomi Hamon’s outstanding efforts I feel my husband would still be incarcerated and for a long time at that. Aulich are a compassionate and caring team that went the extra mile for us. We will never forget what they did for me and my family. The experts – without question The engagement of a barrister depends on the complexity and seriousness of your matter. Often, one of our competent solicitor-advocates is able to deal with your case. In more complex or serious matters, a barrister will be brought in as part of your legal team. We are able to engage for your case Queen’s Counsel and senior barristers to represent you. The barristers we use are the most respected in the country. Yes – all of them. As specialist criminal lawyers, our expertise extends well beyond the boundaries of the ACT. Our solicitors have extensive experience and appear in State and Federal courts in New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia, Northern Territory and Victoria. Some firms offer a fixed fee, but that isn’t always in the best interests of the client. On occasions, that is an arrangement that can encourage shortcuts to be taken. While there are cases in which we’re able to offer a fixed fee, we do what’s right for the individual client, not what’s easiest – and that means no cutting corners. We almost always work on an hourly rate, delivering an estimate of costs as soon we’ve analysed your case. There are no hidden costs. Our clients can trust that we only reach for the heaviest artillery when we need it. Legal practitioners in Australia can appear anywhere in the country. First, speak to us. Police can grant bail, but there are several exceptions in relation to serious charges, and if the defendant has previously contravened bail conditions. Your solicitor can advise of ‘exceptional circumstances’ and if that is necessary to grant bail. If your husband has been arrested on charges of assaulting you, his solicitor will not be permitted to speak with you. In this case, ask a friend or family member to contact us. Our 16 year-old has been charged with stealing. The police want us to go along to the police station for the interview. Should we attend? 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No. It’s your right to remain silent. Receiving such a communication is another instance where your best action to is contact us without delay. Nothing you say to police is ‘off the record’. Even if it’s not captured on a tape- recorded interview. Anything you may say to police may be used as evidence. Be wary of ‘thinking aloud’ as you attempt to reconstruct events for police. It is not until trial before the jury when you may realise what you told police sounds suspicious, or even like an admission. Police rely on what you say to them. Contact us immediately before attending a police station. We’ll appear on your bail application and we’ll take it from there. We can immediately advise you about taking yourself into the City Police Station in the ACT, or your local police station. Before doing so, make sure you take note of the paragraph above, and speak to us first. This will ensure you are before the court that day. Do not wait to be arrested – that only increases the likelihood of you being locked up in custody prior to coming before the court – even longer with public holidays. People who are ‘on the run’ are not looked on favourably. The inability to guarantee your appearance in court is generally the reason for refusing bail. As your legal counsel, we’ll look the part but it helps if you apply the same consideration to your appearance. No need for a suit but look smart and a bit dressed up. It’s important to be seen to be making an effort to show your respect for the Court. All of them. A criminal case is any proceeding in which government prosecutes citizens for criminal offences. Rest assured, we are qualified and vastly experienced to represent you in prosecutions in any State or Territory in Australia. In addition to charges brought by the police prosecutions, we also handle prosecutions involving: - The RSPCA - Municipal prosecutions (i.e. building, traffic and parking, health and safety) - Commonwealth Public Service Code of Conduct breaches - Professional misconduct tribunals (Medical Board etc.) - Taxation infringements, warrants, unpaid fines - Student disciplinary matters. We appear in inquests to represent family members or those who may be suspected of having been criminally involved in a death or fire. Representation in such proceedings is essential – any evidence given in inquests can be tendered in criminal proceedings against you. We don’t just do everything by the book, we wrote it As specialists in criminal services, the combined decades of experience of our solicitors are your protection and security. Confidence in our own ability is your shield in the fight. We also offer a guiding hand and a sympathetic understanding at your hearing, but our face to the opposition is unequivocally confrontational, and never-take-a-backward-step. From the Local and Magistrates Courts, right up to the Supreme Court, our highly-respected lawyers are at home on ground zero. We’re battle-hardened, but never weary. Our role is to devise the winning strategy for your case, including any legal defences available, and to advise you the best course to take. The offences for which you can be charged in the ACT under the Crimes Act 1900 or the Criminal Code Act 2002 and other related legislation are seemingly limitless. There’s also government regulation covering all manner of things like health and safety, workplace safety, traffic matters, immigration and customs, tax, child protection and animal welfare. Plea negotiation is one of our strengths. In all matters, we can also negotiate with prosecutors on your behalf about what charges – if any – you agree to plead guilty to. We can submit information about your circumstances leading up to the offence. When things don’t go well, we are old hands in the courts of appeal. In the rare instance that the result doesn’t fall in our favour, we can launch our counter attack immediately with an appeal. Like to know more about the offences you’ve been charged with? We’ve sought to provide a brief description of what’s involved with the most common criminal matters. None of the information on this website constitutes legal advice and is presented for general information only. For specific advice, please call 6279 4222 and make an appointment to meet with a solicitor. Known as ‘Armed Robbery’, this offence includes robberies committed in the company of another person and carries a maximum term of 25 years. A ‘weapon’ can be many things, not necessarily a gun or knife. A blood-filled syringe, a replica firearm, a baseball bat, or an axe are all classified as weapons. The weapon need not be used to constitute an offence, rather the victim can merely be in fear that it will be used Many factors contribute to the severity of sentencing. These include the type of weapon, the vulnerability of the victim, whether it was premeditated, use of force, the number of offenders, the amount taken, and the effect on the complainant. This covers a number of sub-categories, including common assault, assault occasioning actual bodily harm, assault causing grievous bodily harm, and assaulting police. If the complainant (commonly called a ‘victim’ by police) consented to the physical contract, in a boxing match for example, or if the defendant was acting in self-defence – this can be a complete defence. In a charge of assaulting of a police officer, the officer must have been acting in the course of lawful duty. There are other defences available. In NSW, this is known as ‘Break and Enter’. The separate charge of ‘Aggravated Burglary’ is where a weapon is used or where another person accompanied the defendant. There are several instances where ‘aggravating features’ carry higher penalties. These include repeat offences, violence or threats of violence to victims, where the offence was committed while the offender was on conditional liberty (such as bail or parole), and the high value of the goods taken. DNA test results and fingerprints are often used in burglary prosecutions. An inquest is when a coroner (usually a Magistrate) holds a hearing to determine the cause of a person’s death. The law often mandates a coronial inquest when the death occurs in certain circumstances, for example, a death in a custodial environment. As well as the cause of death, coroners can also make recommendations to changes they think are necessary to certain laws or procedures. Many people may require representation at a coronial inquest, whether they are the family of the deceased person, a person alleged to have contributed to the death or some other interested party – such as a doctor or a government department. Although not necessarily an objective of the coronial process, an inquest often involves placing blame on a person or organisation for contributing to or causing the death. It is also possible that an inquest can lead to criminal charges being proffered against a person. If the coroner thinks there is sufficient evidence, he or she can pause the inquest process and refer the matter to the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions for review and charging. That is why, if you are involved in this process, it is very important that you get good legal advice from a compassionate team experienced in the coronial and criminal law sphere. There are many tribunals who may preside over matters against members of a profession, occupation orstudent body. The important thing to remember is that such tribunals or boards don’t generally operate in the same way as courts do. For example, there may be a bench of three or more members instead of one Magistrate or Judge, and the rules of evidence generally do not apply. This makes it harder to keep the proceedings fair, especially if the tribunal members are not trained lawyers. For that reason alone, and experienced and forceful legal representative is imperative. A tribunal’s ruling against you can have a devastating effect on your career, livelihood, reputation and future. Examples of such tribunals or cases we assist with are professional disciplinary boards such as the Medical Board, Dental Board, Law Society proceedings in ACAT, ANU proceedings to expel or otherwise discipline students, the Australian Public Service (and ACT Public Service) and the Defence Force. As soon as you’re notified that there are proceedings against you, tell the legal officer in the department or organisation, you have engaged us to look after your interests. That way you will be relieved of needing to have personal contact with them in the future. Etiquette requires that they must go through your solicitor once they know you have one. These offences include assault and a range of offences against a person, including murder. Offences relating to a breach of a Personal Protection Order or Domestic Violence Order are also covered. These matters cause great concern for the courts and the full might of the law is often exercised. In the ACT, there is a designated ‘Family Violence List’ in the Magistrates Court. Changes to legislation mean that it is harder to obtain bail if you are charged with breaching a Personal Protection Order or Domestic Violence Order (see our FAQ about bail). While people sometimes make the mistake of going to their neighbourhood solicitor for these matters, you’re better served by our experts. We know the countless complex defences available for drink driving and driving related matters. Not all solicitors are comfortable in criminal courts – and the lawyer who handled your will, or did the conveyance on your home, is not likely to be a criminal specialist. We’ve had some remarkable successes in this area because of our research and hard work. Ask us about whether you will be eligible to apply for a Restricted Licence in the ACT, which permits you to drive for restricted purposes at set times. This often means you will not lose your job. Drug charges can be as serious as a prosecution for murder. They range from minor possession for personal use, to trafficking in commercial quantities, which carries a 25-year maximum term of imprisonment. Manufacturing drugs and trafficking large quantities can carry sentence of life imprisonment. It’s likely that anyone charged with various drug offences has been and could still be under police surveillance, with listening devices concealed in houses, cars and on the bodies of informers or undercover police. Detection of drug crime is the most sophisticated area of criminal investigation. A listening device warrant for any phone you have used may have been granted. Be very cautious about what you say to your solicitor (and other people) over the phone. In the ACT (and in most other jurisdictions in Australia) there are provisions that deem certain kinds of handling drugs to amount to offences of trafficking or supply. That means that if you are caught in possession of a large amount of illicit drugs, the law says you are trafficking, unless you can prove otherwise. If the quantity of drugs is less than the deemed amount for supply or trafficking, a charge such as ‘possessing for supply’ or ‘trafficking’ may be used, necessitating proof of positive acts of trafficking other than mere possession. Driving with prohibited drugs in your system has been made an offence in the ACT. If found guilty, there are very serious consequences including lengthy licence disqualifications, large fines, and even imprisonment. Call one of our solicitors to discuss your matter immediately. Federal and State legislation relating to biodiversity, land clearing and irrigation management is the focus of many complex and lengthy investigations, and statutory notices to enter and conduct field work on rural properties and to provide sensitive information and documents are usually followed up with demands for property plans and even summary criminal trials in the Federal Court, the NSW Land and Environment Court, and local courts. Advising in this specialist area, and defending charges, is best suited to experienced criminal solicitors and a special interest of our practice, given the great potential seriousness of the matters which involve very large financial penalties and onerous orders requiring land remediation and being set aside. Together with the million-dollar penalties for land clearing itself, the investigators’ extraordinary powers to demand information, enter property (despite the ‘Shut the Gate’ movement) and to compel participation in interviews are themselves backed up by a punitive regime of penalties for non-compliance with investigators’ demands. Aulich regularly works with leading Queen’s Counsel, junior counsel and a panel of expert witnesses in this area. If you believe you are, or are likely to be the subject of a land clearing or irrigation management investigation, you need expert legal advice immediately. This can be an exceptionally complicated area of law, relating to obtaining money or a financial benefit by dishonest means – deception, false pretences, forgery and wilful misrepresentation. We strongly advise that you call on us, who will be able to decipher and explain to you what are often technical charges. We have access to the best forensic accountants and IT technicians who can – if necessary – recreate books and records, and reconstruct computer records and programs. Fraud cases tend to be very lengthy, with some trials lasting for months. So, it’s important to appoint a legal team with proven stamina in a testing area. Any defence will depend entirely on the facts and charges in each case. Charges relating to the death of another person (be it murder, manslaughter or culpable driving causing death) are some of the most serious charges on the criminal calendar. You must have the best in your corner for these matters and that is the Aulich team. We have a long history of success in this area because it takes a team with specialised knowledge and access to the best experts in Australia to defend them well. Some matters require the assistance of DNA experts, firearms experts, psychiatrists or motor vehicle accident reconstruction specialists and we know who to go to to get the job done. Even if you are alleged to have been involved in a death in a peripheral way, it is imperative that you get good legal advice from a criminal law specialist immediately. This is an area of the greatest activity by the authorities, and even historic offences, are in the forefront of prosecutorial activism. There is no limitation on when such a prosecution can be brought, a fact that applies very strongly in allegations of child sex abuse. With varying circumstances and numerous types of charges, sexual cases can’t be generalised. Trials for sexual and indecent assault upon adults and children tend to be ‘word against word’. In adult matters, many clients would like us to introduce evidence or question the complainant about previous sexual experience. This is with the intention of establishing promiscuous behaviour, leading the defendant to believe that the attention was welcome, but expert advise is essential in this regard, because legislation now largely forbids such questioning. A formal application needs to be made to receive exceptional approval. We have been successful in making such applications in many cases. There are many charges which fall under ‘sexual offences’ include: - Sexual assault without consent (known as ‘rape’) - Indecent assault - Using a child for production of pornography – making it, trading in it and being in possession of it - Sexual assault of a young person and maintaining a sexual relationship with a young person - Sexual servitude. The crack team in crime Our criminal law team learnt their technique and court-craft on the streets, not just in law school. Picked from the country’s best and brightest, these men and women are on the front line, skilled in the most complex criminal cases. After burying himself in John Grisham novels as young man, Peter was drawn to a career in law. His motivations have matured and these days, the only book he’s concerned with is the one he throws at the opposition. Suffice to say, we were so impressed that we simply had to make him a Managing Partner. Peter graduated from the Australian National University and since admission he has practised only in criminal law. Beginning his career on the frontlines of criminal defence, Peter worked with the Aboriginal Legal Service in regional New South Wales. He then moved to us to handle very serious and important criminal matters, in New South Wales and the ACT. Aside from the ACT and New South Wales, Peter has secured excellent results for clients charged with serious criminal matters in other jurisdictions within Australia, including Queensland, Tasmania and the Northern Territory. Living out his childhood ambitions, Peter has often been featured in the media representing clients in high profile cases and it is fair to say he has nailed the “walking into or out of Court face” when it comes to his appearances in the paper or on TV. As founding partner of the firm, our Principal Ben Aulich has established himself as Canberra’s most reputable criminal lawyer. The word ‘tenacious’ is an understatement. For Ben, winning is everything. If he is quiet in court, it’s not because he is lost for words. He’s fond of saying that one must never interrupt an enemy when they are making a mistake. After graduating from Flinders University in South Australia with an economics degree, a law degree from Canberra University and a graduate diploma in legal practice from ANU, Ben was admitted to legal practice in 2000. Initially working at a boutique law practice for three years solely in crime, Ben then joined a large commercial litigation firm, practicing in corporate law and commercial litigation. That gave Ben a well-rounded exposure to Court matters and litigation. Ben’s passion for his client’s rights is infectious. It’s the reason our team is so close-knit, and so committed. It’s helpful that Ben’s fixation with winning is also motivation for clients. He’s certainly not afraid of sleepless nights … if it ensures they ultimately get some sleep. A world-champion black belt taekwondo warrior, Charlene is not one to be messed with. She brings the same level of dedication and grit to her skirmishes in the Court room. Her successes in both arenas speak for themselves. She may look very elegant and calm, but underneath the polish there is a determined and intelligent fighter. Originally from California, Charlene ended up in Canberra at the age of 8. She is a graduate of the Australian National University and holds a Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Law with Honours. Charlene has worked as a criminal lawyer in Canberra for more than 6 years. In her spare time you’ll find Charlene running her own Taekwondo School, Precision Taekwondo Australia, where she is also Chief Instructor. Charlene also sits on the ACT Criminal Law Committee and Law Council of Australia’s National Criminal Law Committee. Satomi has been brought up through the ranks at Aulich Criminal Law. She started her time with us many years ago as a paralegal, whilst also studying Law at the University of Canberra, ultimately graduating with honours. She progressed to become an Associate in a time much shorter than most and she is deservedly well respected amongst her colleagues and peers. Don’t let Satomi’s pocket-sized appearance fool you, her character is very large as is her intelligence and skill. Satomi is dogged and determined when it comes to fighting for the rights of her clients and her results speak for themselves. Speaking of dogs – Satomi’s other passion in life is her beautiful Golden Retriever, Luna. Luna has quite the Insta following, and you’d have to admit, she’s pretty cute – @luna.thegoldendog. ‘Sats’ as she is affectionately referred to, is also an amazing cook and has probably taken the most titles in Aulich’s annual Masterchef competition as well as in our bake off challenges. Like Satomi, Carley was also brought up through the ranks at Aulich Criminal Law, beginning with us as a Paralegal, Carley is now an Associate. As Aulich’s self-appointed ‘Welfare Officer’, Carley is always there to make us smile and is a vital part of the Aulich team. That’s not to say that Carley is always bubbles and rainbows, she knows how to throw the sass when she needs to and has demonstrated her dedication to advocating for her clients repeatedly. Having worked alongside her mentor, Peter Woodhouse since she began her legal career, Carley shares the Aulich passion for criminal defence lawyering and her caring nature is crucial to her success with her clients. Carley’s advocacy skills are incredibly well developed for a lawyer of her age. Almost weekly we receive emails from happy clients of Carley’s raving about her skill and compassion and ability to achieve results. As a testament to the emails, you will find Carley has several outstanding Google reviews highlighting her impressive legal talents and professionalism. Carley balances her passion for criminal law with her love of dancing. She previously lived in Sydney where she worked as a professional dancer. In her spare time, you’ll find her teaching at Jayz Dance Studios or choreographing dances for her colleagues in the Aulich office.

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This blog post contains affiliate links, no extra cost to you, thank you for your support! Forced proximity romance books have become increasingly popular in recent years, offering readers an enticing mix of tension, chemistry, and emotional intensity. Whether it’s an enemies to lovers forced to share a space together, a one bed trope or two strangers stranded on an island, these novels explore how close proximity can lead to unexpected romance. Whether you’re a die-hard fan of this romance trope or you’re simply looking for a spicy read, these books will surely keep you entertained. - 25 Best Enemies To Lovers Books (A List For All Readers) - 25 Spicy & Hot Mafia Romance Books That’ll Make You Blush - 15 Academic Rivals To Lovers Books To Binge Read - 18 Marriage of Convenience Books You Can’t Get Enough Of - Sign up for a free trial of Audible: Get 30 days of free access to thousands of audiobooks, and one free premium title of your choice. 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This leads to them getting to know one another better and falling in love. 33 Forced Proximity Romance Books To Add To Your TBR Romance Tropes: Forced Proximity, One Bed Trope, Enemies to Lovers. In The Unhoneymooners, Olive Torres’s entire family gets food poisoning at her sister Ami’s wedding. Ami has won a honeymoon trip to Hawaii, and she doesn’t want it to go to waste. This leads to Ami begging Olive that she must enjoy this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and go with Ethan Thomas, her nemesis and the best man at the wedding. Ethan and Olive are willing to form a peaceful truce while they enjoy the beaches of Hawaii and ensure neither of them will fall in love. King of Wrath follows Dante Russo, a billionaire CEO, who is being forced to marry jewellery heiress Vivian Lau. She is the daughter of his newest enemy, whom he plans on getting rid of soon. Dante is being blackmailed into keeping his mouth silent and if the incriminating information gets out, it could destroy his reputation and send men after his life. On the other hand, Vivian has no choice but to be a good girl and follow her parent’s demands. As she moves into Dante’s apartment, her feelings for him are challenged. Romance Tropes: Forced Proximity, Grumpy-Sunshine, Academic Rivals to Lovers Beach Read follows the story of January Andrews, a romance writer, who inherited a beachside house from her late father which she plans on selling soon. But upon moving in, she learns her neighbour is none-other than Augustus Everett. He used to be her college rival but is now a famous author known for killing off beloved characters. The two authors are facing major writing blocks so January and Augustus come up with a challenge to help them. Augustus will write a fluffy romance book and January will write the next Great American Novel. This is their last hope of saving their careers as authors, and they plan on doing it without falling in love. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Office Romance, One Bed Trope. The Spanish Love Deception follows Catalina Martín, who has told her family that she is in a committed relationship. The only problem is that her boyfriend is non-existent. She must find someone soon before her sister’s wedding in Spain. Here to save the day, Catalina’s colleague Aaron Blackford volunteers to help her out. She is suspicious of his motives but he is her last resort. Aaron and Catalina have undeniable chemistry but pursuing them might get them into trouble with their HR. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Slow Burn Romance, Enemies to Lovers. In Under One Roof, Mara is an environmental engineer who has moved into her mentor, Helena’s house. The only problem: Helena’s nephew is already living there. Liam, a lawyer, is refusing to move out which means Mara will have to learn to co-live with him. Even when he steals her food and messes with the thermostat she won’t back down. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, One Bed Trope, Enemies to Lovers. This novel is perfect for fans of forced proximity fantasy romance books and fans of the Pirates of the Caribbean movies! Seventeen-year-old Alosa is the Daughter of the Pirate King who is on a mission. She must retrieve a hidden ancient map.To find it she plans on getting kidnapped by enemy pirates. Alosa can easily search their whole ship for the map as she pleases but the main obstacle in her path is her captor. Riden, the first mate, is unexpectedly smart and onto Alosa’s plan. She must find the map before she gives in to his charm and dashing smiles. 7. Fourth Wing by Rebecca Yarros By far the most popular forced proximity enemies to lovers book in a fantasy setting, Fourth Wing follows Violet Sorrengail as she enters a brutal war college, Basgiath, to become a dragon rider. She was trained her whole life to become a scribe but her mother, the General, thinks her daughter can be a rider. Enter Xaden Riorson, tall, tanned and brooding nemesis who wants Violet dead because her mother killed his father during the Rebellion. Xaden is Violet’s wingleader and also her senior at Basgiath, so due to forced proximity, they start having forbidden feelings of desire for each other. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Fake Dating, Enemies to Lovers, Small Town Romance If you’re looking for a spicy small town romance read with the forced proximity trope, That Kind of Guy is a book to add to your TBR! The story follows Avery, who desires to own the restaurant she works at. When the perfect opportunity strikes, she is unable to get the bank to approve her loan to purchase the restaurant. Emmett Rhodes is running for mayor, but the town isn’t convinced that this bachelor is a family man. This is hurting his campaign, he must convince the residents of The Queen’s Cove that he is a loving and caring family man and is capable of taking care of the town’s needs. With that being said, they make a deal! Emmett will sign her loan only if Avery is willing to pretend to be his fake-fiance. It’s a win-win situation, until they actually start falling for each other! Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Forbidden Romance, Age Gap Romance. Birthday Girl follows the story of Jordan, a young bartender. Cole, her toxic boyfriend, gets in trouble with the police which causes them to lose their shared apartment. With nowhere to go, Jordan and Cole are left with only one option: move in with Pike Lawson, Cole’s single father. Jordan knows she shouldn’t feel anything towards Pike, but it’s incredibly difficult when he protects her and looks after her. Meanwhile, Pike is doing his best to not fall for Jordan even when he loves spending time with her. If you like steamy forced proximity romance books with forbidden love tropes then this is the perfect novel to pick up. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Grumpy-Sunshine, Enemies to Lovers. In Icebreaker, Anastasia Allen has won a fully funded scholarship to the University of California, Maple Hills and is excited to join the competitive figure skating team Due to a tiny mishap at the ice rink facility, the hockey team and figure skating team are forced to share the rink. Nate Hawkins, captain of the hockey team, is not too happy about this especially because Nate and Anastasia don’t get along. When Anastasia’s skating partner is injured, it leaves her with no choice but to ask the insufferable Nate for help. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, One Bed Trope, Strangers to Lovers. In The Flatshare, Tiffy Moore has just gone through a bad breakup which leaves her homeless. She is in search of a cheap apartment fast but none of her options seem reasonable. Desperate enough, Tiffy looks into a flatshare ad posted by Leon, a night shift nurse. He’ll only be home in the mornings while she is at work so they’ll never run into each other. Sounds like the perfect scenario, until Tiffy and Leon start communicating with each other through sticky notes. Before they know it, they become close friends. With ex-boyfriend drama and pesky clients at work, Tiffy and Leon are in for a long ride. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Fake Dating, Marriage of Convenience, Billionaire Romance. We meet Huxley Cane in A Not So Meet Cute who is a billionaire desperately looking for his future bride. After an important business deal almost slipped from his hands, he lied he was getting married with a baby on the way. Huxley runs into Lottie, who coincidentally is also looking for a fiance. The pair form a deal and think it wouldn’t be too difficult to act in love but they couldn’t be more wrong. This romance novel perfectly combines humour and banter that is sure to make you laugh out loud. The Bridge Kingdom is part of a trilogy so make sure to get the other books, The Traitor Queen and The Inadequate Heir, as well! These forced proximity fantasy romance books are sure to make you swoon. Lara is a warrior princess whose only goal in life is to take down King Aren of the Bridge Kingdom. She is sent as a bride in disguise to Ithicana as an act of alliance. Little does King Aren know Lara is preparing for his downfall. As Lara searches for information and forms a plan, she begins to question which side she is on. She thought she was the hero but that might not be the case as Lara finds herself falling for her enemy, King Aren. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Enemies to Lovers. The Marriage Game follows Layla Patel who is a recruitment consultant. After her life falls apart, she returns to her family in San Francisco. Here, her father offers her the office that’s above his Michelin-starred restaurant so Layla can start her own business. Layla is unaware her father has set up a bunch of blind dates for her until her first suitor shows up. To make matters worse, due to a misunderstanding a CEO of a corporate downsizing company, Sam Mehta, has moved into the same office. Layla and Sam have clashing personalities so the banter comes naturally and sparks fly between them. This desi romance novel is perfect if you’re looking for forced proximity romance books with representation! Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Office Romance, Enemies to Lovers. The Worst Best Man is a romantic comedy standalone novel which is a great pick for fans of forced proximity romance books! Carolina Santos is a wedding planner whose own wedding was left in shambles after her fiance ran away from the altar. Moving on from her embarrassing past, she is offered the opportunity of a lifetime. The only downside is that she has to collaborate with Max Hartley, a marketing expert. He is also Carolina’s ex-fiancee’s brother who convinced him to run from the altar. Carolina and Max loathe each other but there’s work to do and they can’t afford to mess up. They can only hope that they’ll start to find each other bearable along the way. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Forbidden Romance, Enemies to Lovers. In Bone Crier’s Moon, we learn that being a Bone Crier is a tough job, especially when you have to sacrifice your lover to the gods. Ailesse has been trained to become the matriarch of the Bone Criers. To complete her training, she must kill the boy who is her destined lover. On the other hand, we meet Bastien whose father was killed by a Bone Crier. Ever since then, Bastien has been craving revenge. His and Ailesse’s paths are bound to tangle together, especially when he kidnaps her. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Office Romance, Nursing Back to Health Trope, Enemies to Lovers. Lucy Hutton and Joshua Templeman cannot stand each other. They work at a publishing company and are executive assistants to co-CEOs which means unfortunately they need to interact with each other a lot. Lucy and Joshua also share an office which leaves room for loads of intense staring and banter. Their latest game involves a promotion that both of them want badly which levels up the tension between them. Neither of them is ready to back down either. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Best Friends to Lovers, Small Town Romance. In Hook, Line, and Sinker Fox Thornton is a fisherman and the ladies’ man. He never thought anybody would be immune to his charm until he met Hannah Bellinger. All she wants is to be his friend, which is pretty rare for him. Before Fox knows it, Hannah is staying over in his spare bedroom and asking for his advice when it comes to her love life. Fox is ready to help her woo her colleague even though it’s pure torture for him. But as they spend time together, Hannah isn’t so sure of her feelings anymore. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Fake Dating, Interracial Romance. Rosie Graham is in huge trouble when her New York apartment’s ceiling breaks and she needs a temporary place to stay at. Luckily she has the spare key to her best friend Catalina’s apartment. Unfortunately, her friend forgot to mention that her cousin, Lucas Martín, will be staying over too. Lucas and his irresistible smiles and cooking skills have Rosie mesmerized. Even more so when he offers to help her with her romance novel in the works. Rosie has a major writer’s block and Lucas offering to take her on experimental dates might be just the thing she needs. To protect herself from heartbreak, Rosie must not fall for him because Lucas is in New York for just six weeks. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, One Bed Trope, Strangers to Lovers. One Night on the Island follows Cleo Wilder, a dating columnist, who is spending her thirtieth birthday alone on a remote Irish island. She hopes that staying at this remote cabin will energize her. However, due to a double booking mishap, another visitor has shown up at the doorstep. Mack Sullivan was looking for a week-long escape from his busy life in Boston. Now he has to share a one-bedroom cabin with a woman he barely knows. The ferry doesn’t arrive anytime soon which leaves Cleo and Mack stuck with each other. Soon they realise each other’s company might not be as bad as they thought. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Found Family Trope, Slow Burn Romance, Enemies to Lovers. Next of Kin is about Chloe and Warren, two strangers who are paired up together by a social worker to help each other. Chloe has just learnt her birth mother had another baby so she steps in to become the next-of-kin guardian but she fails the Child Protective Services’ financial evaluation test. Warren is also fighting for the custody of his deaf fifteen-year-old brother after failing CPS’s housing evaluation. Chloe and Warren don’t get along easily in the beginning but they are willing to set aside their differences for the sake of their siblings. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Billionaire Romance. Stranded with a Billionaire is a great choice if you are looking for more spicy forced proximity romance books with billionaire romance! Bronte Dawson, a young waitress, is dragged by her friend to a remote resort in the Bahamas to enjoy their vacation. But a sudden storm hits the island, leaving Bronte stuck in an elevator with a man. Little does she know he is Logan Hawkings, a billionaire who is visiting the island in hopes of purchasing it. Logan is recovering from the loss of his father and a broken engagement when he crosses paths with Bronte. Soon they are having a summer fling and enjoying each other’s company, but when Bronte finds out about his real identity she is sure to make Logan suffer for lying. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Slow Burn Romance, Grumpy-Sunshine. Twice Shy follows Maybell Parish, a hopeless romantic, who has just inherited a mansion from her Great-Aunt Violet. To her, this is the perfect opportunity to have a fresh start in life but upon arriving she has a surprise waiting for her. Turns out, the house is in shambles and Maybell isn’t the only inhibitor. She has to share the space with the handsome groundskeeper, Wesley Koehler. He is doing his best to avoid her but to get done with the renovations he will need to set his cold personality aside and trust her. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Grumpy-Sunshine, Enemies to Lovers, Neighbour Romance Loathe Thy Neighbor is a rom-com novel about River White who is completely annoyed with Dean Evans, her neighbour. He finds new ways of annoying her and running into her every single day. But when he accidentally burns down his apartment, River opens her door to him. River is sure she won’t fall for Dean’s charming smiles and quick wit but as days go by she isn’t so sure anymore. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Bodyguard Romance, Age Gap Romance, Grumpy-Sunshine. Twisted Games can be read as a standalone but I highly recommend reading the Twisted series in order. It starts with Twisted Love which also includes the forced proximity trope! Bridget von Ascheberg is the princess of Eldorra who has enjoyed her freedom way too much. When her bodyguard needs to take time off duty, his replacement steps in, an ex-navy seal and now an elite bodyguard, Rhys Larsen. Rhys and Bridget are immediately fighting with each other over strict rules Rhys has put into motion. Both are stubborn and won’t back down. To add to Bridget’s stress, her older brother has abdicated the throne and she is expected to be the next queen. She must also marry someone royal soon. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Enemies to Lovers. A Court of Silver Flames is a spin-off novel that takes place after the events of the A Court of Thorns and Roses trilogy. It follows the story of Feyre’s sister, Nesta. Nesta Archeron was once a mortal girl but now turned into a High Fae against her will. As she adjusts to the strange world and people around her, her fiery personality doesn’t help her case. Especially when Cassian, a battle-scarred warrior, is around her. Cassian is ordered to train Nesta and prepare her for any potential war that’s threatening to take over their Faery lands at any moment. It’s easier said than done when Nesta won’t act civil at all. Overall this book majorly focuses on healing and mental health as the characters face their monsters. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Marriage of Convenience, Slow Burn Romance. In Marriage for One, a forced proximity book, all Rose Coleson wants is to open up a coffee shop. But due to some legal issues, she’ll need to marry someone first. Enter Jack Hawthorne, who is a grumpy lawyer willing to marry Rose for his own hidden motives. The pair instantly ties the knot, but Jack’s cold behaviour leads to Rose wondering if this is all a mistake. As secrets and lies unravel their marriage is at stake. Ella Maise is also the author of To Love Jason Thorn! Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Enemies to Lovers, Grumpy-Sunshine, Slow Burn Romance. From Lukov with Love follows the story of Jasmine Santos, an ice figure skater whose life is a complete mess. Her career is coming to an end but she hasn’t won a single trophy yet. Until one day, her arch-nemesis and skating champion Ivan Lukov suggest an idea. He needs a new partner and thinks Jasmine will be his best option. They’ll be competing against other couples soon so they need to practise skating together, no matter how hot-headed their banter gets. If Jasmine can set aside her hatred for Ivan then she finally has a chance of winning a championship and proving her worth. We meet Morana Vitalio who is a computer genius and the daughter of a mafia boss. She infiltrates her rival’s house to get information when her dangerous computer codes get stolen. There Morana meets Tristan Caine, the adopted member of the Tenebrae Outfit whom everyone fears. To her surprise, she feels a pull towards him that she shouldn’t feel at all. Turns out, he isn’t the one behind her stolen codes so now Morana and Tristan must work together to find them before it’s too late. Soon they realise there are 20-year-old secrets that run deep in their families. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Enemies to Lovers, Fae Romance, Fairytale Retelling. Looking for a fantasy romance book with the forced proximity trope? Look no further! A Court of Thorns and Roses follows the story of Feyre Archeron, a nineteen-year-old huntress who accidentally kills a fae wolf. From across the magical veil that separates humans and faeries, a beast shows up at Feyre’s doorstep to demand retribution. In order to protect her family, Feyre decides to go with him to the Fae lands. When they arrive at his mansion, Feyre learns the beast can shapeshift into its human form. His name is Tamlin, prince of the Spring Court who has been cursed by an unknown enemy. Soon she starts to grow feelings for him but on the other hand, the curse is getting stronger and draining Tamlin’s power. Only Feyre can save him and she’ll do whatever it takes. Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Best Friends to Lovers, Slow Burn Romance. People We Meet on Vacation gives us an epic love story between two best friends, Poppy and Alex. Poppy is every party’s soul while Alex prefers to stay at home and read, nevertheless, the pair still has a blast together. Poppy and Alex live far away from each other so every year they decide to go on a summer trip together and enjoy life to the fullest. Everything was fine between them until one summer trip ruined everything. Things got out of hand and they haven’t spoken since. Missing their special bond, Poppy decides to reach out and convince Alex for one last trip. Surprisingly, he agrees! Now Poppy is determined to get their friendship back on track. If you’re looking for a forced proximity romance book with the friends to lovers trope, this one is best suited! Romance tropes: Forced Proximity, Office Romance, Enemies to Lovers. Shipped follows the story of Henley Evans is tired and overworked when it comes to juggling her MBA night classes and being a marketing manager for a cruise line. A new promotion is up for grabs and Henley desperately wants it. She just has to draft the best proposal on how to boost cruise bookings in the Galápagos. Unfortunately, Henley’s arch nemesis Graeme Crawford-Collins is her competitor for this promotion. They’ve never met before but their banter through emails has already added fuel to their fire. Their boss wants them to take a trip to the Galápagos Islands together, which Henley is dreading but she soon realises having Graeme around might not be bad company. Romance Tropes: Forced Proximity, Neighbour Romance Although this book is the third book in Tessa Dare’s Girl Meets Duke Series, it can be read as a standalone. The Wallflower Wager follows Lady Penelope and her next-door neighbour, Gabriel Duke, a businessman, Lady Penelope loves animals. She saves abandoned and wounded animals and keeps them in her backyard. She has very little friends and chooses to be with her furry friends instead of actual people. Gabriel Duke, a businessman who flips houses has a problem with this. The animals are troublesome and annoying. This is bad for the house he is trying to sell which is located right next door to Lady Penelope’s. He must convince her to get rid of the animals. I loved reading this steam historical fiction romance because of the forced proximity and boy-next-door trope. Wrap Up: Forced Proximity Romance Books These were some of the best forced proximity romance books! They are a great way to escape from reality and indulge in a bit of romance. If you loved this romance book list, checkout these:

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Spatial computing encompasses the ideas, solutions, tools, technologies, and systems that transform our lives by creating a new understanding of locations—how we know, communicate, and visualize our relationship to locations and how we navigate through them. Pervasive GPS allows hikers in national parks, boaters on lakes, children visiting new places, and taxis (or Uber drivers or self-driving cars) and unmanned aerial vehicles to know their locations, nearby facilities, and routes to reach places of interest.a - Starting with the availability of GPS, spatial computing has enriched our lives through location-based services (such as Google Maps, Uber, geotagging and geotargeted, and including Amber, alerts). - It has also advanced computer science through ideas including spatial (such as R-tree and OGIS simple features library), spatial statistics (such as point process theory and Kriging), and spatial data mining (such as robust hotspot detection). - Future potentially transformative opportunities include ubiquitous indoor location-based services, the location-aware Internet of Physical Things, continuous global monitoring, visualization, forecast, alerts, and warnings to societal challenges such as climate change and how to provide adequate food, energy, and water. Large organizations use spatial computing for site selection, asset tracking, facility management, navigation, and logistics. Scientists use Global Navigation Satellite Systems, or GNSS24 (such as the global positioning system, or GPS), to track endangered species and better understand animal behavior, while farmers use these technologies to support precision agriculture to increase crop yields and reduce costs. Virtual globes14 (such as Google Earth and NASA World Wind) help teach schoolchildren about their local neighborhoods and the world beyond (such as the Wini Seamount near Hawaii, extraterrestrial landscapes on Mars and the Moon, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey) in an engaging and interactive way. In the wake of recent natural disasters (such as Hurricane Sandy in 2012), Google Earth has allowed millions of people to access imagery to help disaster-response-and recovery services.26 Within days of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, post-disaster roadmaps had been created thanks to citizen volunteers submitting timely local information to the popular volunteered geographic information13 website OpenStreetMaps.44 In the coming decade, spatial computing promises an array of transformative capabilities; for example, where route finding today is based on shortest travel time or distance, companies are experimenting with eco-routing, finding routes that minimize fuel consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions. Smart routing that avoids left turns saves delivery company UPS more than three million gallons of fuel annually.20 Such savings can be multiplied many times over when eco-routing services are available for consumers, as well as fleet owners, including public transportation. The ubiquity of mobile phones represents an opportunity for gathering information about all aspects of our world and the people in it.17 Research has shown the potential for mobile phones with built-in motion detectors carried by everyday users to detect earthquakes seconds after they begin.11 Navigation companies (such as Waze; https://www.waze.com/) increasingly use mobile phone records to estimate traffic levels on busy highways. There is a growing need for a cyberinfrastructure (such as the Earth Cube initiative from the National Science Foundation, http://www.nsf.gov/geo/earthcube/) to facilitate our understanding of the Earth as a complex system. Technological advances have greatly facilitated the collection of data from the field and the laboratory and simulation of Earth systems. This has resulted in exponential growth of geoscience data and the dramatic increase in our ability to accommodate diverse phenomena in models of Earth systems. Such advances may be crucial for understanding our changing planet and its physics (such as in oceans, atmosphere, and land), biology (such as plants, animals, and ecology), and society (such as climate change,19 sustainable economic development, understanding interactions among food, energy, and water systems,36 and connected and autonomous cars1). Work in spatial computing has been extensive in recent decades, particularly in the geographic context. It is difficult to convey the breadth and depth of this large interdisciplinary body of work to the broad computing community in a magazine article. Our goal here is thus twofold: share a broad perspective on spatial computing based on discussions at the 2012 Computing Community Consortium workshop (http://cra.org/ccc/events/spatial-computing-workshop/) and start a broader discussion on the role the larger computing community can play in this interdisciplinary area. We do this by describing a few examples from the workshop without trying to either prioritize or be comprehensive; more examples are covered in the Appendix and in Shekhar et al.52 Finally, we advocate support for the interdisciplinary field beyond the examples presented here. We include several figures to illustrate societal stories and visions from the workshop. Spatial computing initially aimed to support computational representation and analysis of maps and other geographic data. Its influence was concentrated in highly specialized disciplines (as represented by the professional organizations listed in Table 1). Since then, a number of transformative spatial computing technologies have become deeply integrated into society at large, helping answer many kinds of questions humans have always asked. Here, we briefly describe a few applications and research results of high significance and broad interest; for a deeper exploration of spatial computing, see various textbooks,3,5,6,47,50 monographs,45,48 encyclopedias,16,53 and journals.4 Global Positioning System. Where am I on the surface of the Earth? In the 18th century, “the longitude problem”55 was among the most challenging in science. Lacking the ability to measure their longitude, sailors in the great ages of exploration were literally lost at sea as soon as land was out of sight. Eventually, with the combined help of compasses, maps, star positions, and the chronometer (a clock that worked on moving ships), it became possible to position oneself with some level of precision, even in the middle of the ocean with no landmarks. With the 1978 launch of GPS and subsequent availability for civilian use, it is now possible to quickly and precisely locate oneself anywhere on the surface of the Earth. GPS is an example of the space-based GNSS,24,27 which provides location and time information anywhere on Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more navigation satellites (out of a few dozen).39 GNSS-based accurate timekeeping facilitates everyday activities (such as clock synchronization in computer networks, including the Internet), geographic distributed sensor grids to monitor moving objects (such as missiles, planes, vehicles, and tectonic plates), and electric power distribution grids. Its localization capabilities have made possible a number of location-based services for end users (such as turn-by-turn navigation, local search, and geocoding). GNSS and related location-based services are today widely deployed and useful for commerce, science, tracking, and surveillance. Widespread proliferation of GPS systems was made possible by its low-cost very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits implementations that could easily be integrated into mobile phones and tablets. Remote sensing.3 What fraction of the terrestrial surface is covered by forest? How has the forest cover changed in recent decades in the face of climate change, urbanization, and population growth? Traditionally, these questions were answered through manual land surveys, which are labor-intensive and thus often limited to small areas. Modern remote sensing satellites (such as MODIS; http://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/, and Landsat, http://landsat.usgs.gov/) have made it possible to monitor land cover changes continuously31 on a global scale. Moreover, specialized instruments can sense subsurface resources (such as aquifers and an underground ocean on Jupiter’s largest moon Ganymede). Due to the large data volume, computing technologies are crucial in storing, querying, and analyzing remote sensing datasets. These datasets have also inspired computing innovations like Google Earth Engines.43 Geographic information system. Which countries can be reached by North Korea’s missiles? Figure 1 is a well-known example of erroneous distance information computed on a planar map using circular distance, a mistake easily made without the help of GIS supporting spherical measurements. GIS understands a large number of map projections used by common geographic data producers and aids in fusing map data from diverse sources. As the Earth is not a perfect sphere, GIS also understands more accurate representations of the Earth, including ellipsoid representations and non-parametric representations that use land-based geodetic reference points for localization. GIS captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and visualizes spatial data;22,53 for example, a map of the Earth is a representation of a curved surface on a plane. While map projections largely retain topological properties (except at map boundaries), retention of metric properties (such as distance and area) depends on the projection being used. GIS has a number of unique capabilities (such as cartography, geodetic data, and map layers). GIS can also join tables based on geometry to support spatial querying and statistical analysis, as explored in the next two paragraphs. GIS has greatly benefited from computing advances (such as algorithms like plane-sweep) and data structures (such as triangulated irregular networks related to map rendering and map overlay). Spatial database management systems. Within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, find galaxy pairs that are within 30 arc-seconds of each other. Which houses are most likely to be flooded by global warming-induced sea-level rise or cloud bursts or spring snow melt? Before development of spatial databases, such spatial queries required extensive programming and suffered from long computation times due to the mismatch between 2D spatial data and 1D datatypes (such as number) and indexes used by traditional database systems (such as B+ Tree). In addition, a naive collection of spatial data types is inadequate for multistage queries since the result of some queries (such as the union of disjoint polygons) cannot naturally be represented as a point, line, or polygon. Spatial databases50 (such as Oracle Spatial and PostGIS) introduced spatial data types (such as OGIS simple features38), operations (such as inside and distance), spatial data structures (such as R-trees and Voronoi diagrams), and algorithms (such as shortest-path, nearest-neighbor, and range query) to represent and efficiently answer multistage concurrent spatial queries. The reduced programming effort resulted in more compact code and quicker response times. Spatial statistics. Which areas of a silicon wafer have an unusually high concentration of defects? Has there been an outbreak of disease? Where? In 1854, Dr. John Snow manually plotted Cholera locations on a street map of London to visually identify the outbreak hotspot around the Broad Street water pump (see Figure 2a). It took several days to perform this analysis for even a single disease over a small geographic area. Today, public-health agencies monitor scores of infectious diseases over very large geographic areas through spatial statistical tests (Figure 2b) designed to detect outbreaks (such as scan statistics) and hotspots, as well as distinguish these events from natural variations. Spatial statistical techniques are also routinely used in public safety (such as hotspots of crime reports), VLSI circuit design (such as defect hotspots on silicon wafers), weather forecasting (such as data assimilation), transportation (such as accident hotspots), mining (such as Kriging), public health (such as cancer cluster detection), and agriculture (such as designing management zones for precision agriculture and sample design for agriculture census). Spatial statistical theories (such as point processes, spatial autocorrelation, and geostatistics) address unique challenges (such as violation of independent identical distribution assumption) in applying traditional statistical models (such as linear regression, pearson correlation coefficient) to geographic data. Although spatial statistical techniques are an order of magnitude more computational and data intensive than traditional statistical techniques, the increased availability in recent decades of inexpensive high-performance computing and data technologies (such as sensors, the spatial database management system, and GIS) has facilitated wider interest in and adoption of spatial statistical methods.12 In the late 20th century, most maps were produced by a small group of highly trained people in government agencies and surveying companies. Organizations (such as the U.S. Department of Defense and oil exploration companies) used highly specialized software (such as Esri ArcGIS and Oracle Spatial) for editing and analyzing geographic information. As summarized in Table 2, recent advances in spatial computing have changed this situation dramatically. Users with cellphones and access to the Internet number in the billions, meaning virtually the entire planet uses spatial technologies. Their very success has raised users’ expectations of spatial computing. At the same time, users increasingly worry about the potential misuse of location data. Billions using location-based services and updating actual maps. The proliferation of Web-based technologies, cellphones, smartwatches, consumer GPS-devices, and location-based social media facilitates widespread use of location-based services,48 and Internet services (such as Google Earth and OpenStreetMap) bring GIS to the masses. With cellphones and consumer GPS devices, services (such as Enhanced 911 and navigation applications) are used by billions of people. Uber, Waze, Google Maps, Facebook check-in and other location-based social media are also used by more than one billion people worldwide. Where am I on the surface of the Earth? Billions functioning as mapmakers, and many phenomena being observable. The source of geodata is increasingly smartphone users who may actively or even passively contribute their own geographic information. The immediate effect is wider coverage and increased numbers of surveyors for all sorts of spatial data. More phenomena are becoming observable because sensors are getting richer for 3D mapping, while broader spectrums at finer resolutions are being captured. Multiple location-aware platforms. Spatial computing support was traditionally limited to application software layers (such as ArcGIS), Web services (such as Google Maps and MapQuest), and database management (such as SQL3/OGIS). In the past decade, spatial computing support has emerged at several levels of the computing stack, including HTML5, social media check-ins, Internet Protocol Version 6, and open location services. Rising expectations due to vast potential and risk. Location-based services, navigation aids, and interactive maps arguably exceed user expectations. Their intuitive basis and ease of use have earned them a solid reputation. Consumers see the potential of spatial computing for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, strengthening cybersecurity, improving consumer confidence, and otherwise addressing many other societal problems. However, the very success of spatial computing technologies also raises red flags among users. Geoprivacy concerns must thus be addressed to avoid spooking citizens, exposing economic entities to liability, and undermining public trust. The profound changes outlined here reflect emerging avenues of research in spatial computing and give rise to a number of exciting new opportunities. Augmented reality systems. Augmented reality enriches our perception of the real world by overlaying spatially aligned media in real time; for example, it can alter a user’s view of the environment by adding computer graphics to convey past, present, or future information about a place or object, as in Figure 3 and Figure 4. It is already used in head-up displays in aircraft cockpits and has become a popular feature in smartphone applications. As lightweight, but powerful, computer-driven eyewear becomes more commonplace, augmented reality will play a more central role in medicine, architecture, tourism, commerce, engineering, civil/urban planning, and assembly and maintenance, as well as in general day-to-day intelligence amplification. New spatial computing research challenges in this area stem from the need for new algorithms, as well as cooperation between users and the cloud, full 3D position and orientation (pose) estimation of people and devices, and registration of physical and virtual things. What natural interfaces can be adapted to leverage all human senses (such as vision, hearing, and touch) and controls (such as thumbs, fingers, hands, legs, eyes, head, and torso) to interact with augmented reality across multiple tasks? How can technology capture human bodies with full degrees of freedom and represent them in virtual space? Spatial predictive analytics. Progress in spatial statistics45 and spatial data mining51 over the past decade has the potential to improve the accuracy and timeliness of predictions about the future path of hurricanes, spread of infectious diseases, and traffic congestion. Such questions have confounded classical prediction methods32,35 due to challenges like spatial autocorrelation, nonstationarity, and edge effects. Spatial models can be invaluable when making spatiotemporal predictions about a broad range of issues, including the location of probable tumor growth in a human body or the spread of cracks in aircraft wings or highway bridges. Questions that need to be answered in this research area include: How might machine-learning techniques30 be generalized to address spatiotemporal challenges of autocorrelation, nonstationarity, heterogeneity, and multiscale? How can frequent spatiotemporal patterns be mined despite transaction-induced distortions (such as loss or double-counting of neighborhood relationships)? What scalable and numerically robust methods are available for computing the determinants of very large sparse (but not banded) matrices in the context of maximum likelihood parameter estimation for spatial autoregression modeling? Geocollaborative systems, fleets, and crowds. Spatial computing promises to take the Internet beyond cyberspace to the location-aware Internet of Everything, enabling connections among fixed structures and moving objects (such as cars, pedestrians, and bicycles), helping coordinate movement and understand patterns of mobility in cities and beyond; for example, the city of Los Angeles in April 2013 interconnected all of its 4,500 traffic signals to improve traffic flow during rush hour. Spatial computing enables smartmobs (groups of people) to come together quickly for a common cause, reducing the need for any one person to lead; drivers, smartcars, and infrastructure may cooperate in the future to reduce congestion, speed evacuation, and enhance safety. This cooperation raises the challenge of “trust” while using a group of spatial agents for computation and decision making. How might geographically distributed agents (such as smart signals and cars) cooperate in a trustworthy manner, even in the face of GPS spoofing? Moving spatial computing indoors, underwater, and underground. Despite worldwide availability, GPS signals are largely unavailable indoors, where we human beings spend 80% to 90% of our time.56 Location-based services (such as route navigation) currently fill 10% to 20% of our time, but with emerging technologies like indoor localization, routing, and navigation (available in major airports and hospitals), the new expectation in the 21st century is our spatial context will be available essentially all the time, leveraging localization indoors and underground (such as mines and tunnels) through cellphone towers, Wi-Fi transmitters, and other indoor infrastructure. Indoor localization raises several new research questions, including: What scalable algorithms can create navigable maps for indoor space from CAD drawings? What about buildings where CAD drawings are not available? How can we perform reliable localization in indoor spaces where GPS signals might be attenuated or denied? Long-Term Research Needs Spatial computing provides society tremendous value, but significant challenges are also emerging from those successes. Meeting them indeed requires expertise beyond the realm of spatial computing itself. First, overcoming the challenges of the public being de facto mapmakers and most phenomena being observable requires moving from the fusion of data from a few trusted sources to the synergy of data across a multitude of volunteers. Second, surmounting the challenge of equipping multiple platforms to be location aware will move spatial computing from a few platforms (such as cellphones) to almost all platforms (such as sensors, PCs, and clouds). Third, a greater understanding of human cognition is needed to ensure all members of society benefit from location-based services. And finally, spatial computing will have to address users’ trust in and worry over privacy. From fusion to synergetics. Historically, popular GIS software products (such as Esri’s Arc family, PCI Geomatica, and ERDAS IMAGINE) were designed for geometric data (such as point, lines, and polygons) and raster data (such as satellite imagery). However, an ever-increasing volume of geographic data comes from volunteer citizens through check-ins, tweets, geotags, georeports from Ushahidi, and donated GPS tracks. Volunteered geographic information raises challenges related to data error, trustworthiness, and bias. The political and legal consequences of errors in spatial computing technology may be high; for example, after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, there was considerable concern in the U.S. Congress about the fact that the delays in releasing federal maps of New Orleans’s most flood-prone neighborhoods had slowed rebuilding while yielding uncertainty.15 Such political/legal complications could worsen in the future. Addressing such challenges requires a shift from traditional data-fusion ideas to a broader paradigm of data synergetics, raising yet more issues; for example, volunteers often use place names (such as Silicon Valley) and prepositions (such as near, in, at, and along) instead of numerical coordinates (such as latitude and longitude). Methods are thus needed for porting the current numerical-coordinate based data structures and algorithms to spatial data with place names and spatial prepositions. In addition, spatial and spatiotemporal computing standards are needed to more effectively use volunteered geographic information through quality-improvement processes (such as peer review and testing for recency) and documentation of quality measures (such as positional accuracy). From sensors to clouds. In the 20th century, the public face of spatial computing was represented by software (such as ArcGIS and Oracle Spatial Databases). Today, all levels of the computing stack in spatial systems are influenced by the fact that more and more platforms are location-aware due to the widespread use of smartphones and Web-based virtual globes. New infrastructure is needed to support spatial computing at lower layers of the computing stack so spatial data types and operations are appropriately allocated across hardware, assembly languages, operating system kernels, runtime systems, network stacks, database management systems, geographic information systems, and application programs. Augmented reality capabilities are needed to accommodate such devices as eyeglass displays and smartphones for automated, accurate, and scalable retrieval, recognition, and presentation of information. Sensing opportunities involve providing pervasive infrastructure for real-time centimeter-scale localization for emergency response, health management, and real-time situation awareness for water and energy distribution. Computational issues5 raised by spatial big data mean new research opportunities for cloud computing addressing the size, variety, and update rate of spatial datasets that exceed the capacity of commonly used spatial computing technologies to learn, manage, and process data with reasonable effort. How do we serve societal needs (such as tracking infectious disease) while protecting individual geoprivacy? Spatial cognition first. Spatial computing services were previously defined for only a small number of GIS-trained professionals who shared a specialized technical language not readily understood by the general public. With everyday citizens using location-based services while becoming the equivalent of mapmakers themselves, today there is an urgent need to understand the psychology of spatial cognition. Such understanding will improve the use and design of maps and other geographic information products by a large fraction of society. Further research on spatial cognitive assistance is needed to explore such ideas as landmark-based routing for individuals who cannot read maps or for navigating inside a new space (such as a building or campus) where not all areas (such as walkways) have names. Understanding group behavior in terms of participative planning (such as collaboration on landscape, bridge, and building design) or smart mobs for coordinating location movement will enhance spatial computing services for groups of people, as opposed to individuals. Context (such as who is tweeting, where they are, and physical features in the situation) should also be brought into these scenarios to investigate new opportunities for tweet interpretation for warning alerts during emergencies (such as natural disasters like Hurricane Sandy). New ways to understand our spatial abilities (such as navigation, learning spatial layouts, and reading maps) and the way different groups (such as drivers and pedestrians) think about space must be further investigated to leverage some of these opportunities: How do humans represent and learn cognitive maps? How could spatial-cognition concepts improve usability of spatial-computing services? How can we create user interfaces that bridge the gap between spatial computing “in the small,” typically on indoor desktop systems with stereo displays and precise 3D tracking, and spatial computing “in the large,” typically outdoors through coarse GNSS on mobile/wearable devices? Geoprivacy. While location information (such as GPS in phones and cars) delivers great value to emergency-response personnel, consumers, and industry, streams of such data also introduce serious privacy and trustworthiness questions related to the use of geolocation and geosurveillance to monitor and control citizens, or sometimes called stalking, geo-slavery,7 and geoprivacy;18,34,41,42 for example, the European Union accused Google Street View (https://www.google.com/maps/streetview/) of privacy violations, leading it to suffer temporary bans in a number of countries. Striking a balance between utility and privacy remains a difficult challenge. Computer science efforts to obfuscate location information have largely yielded negative results to date. Many individuals thus hesitate to indulge in mobile commerce due to concern about privacy of their locations, trajectories, and other spatiotemporal personal information.18 Computer scientists need to join forces with policymakers and other advocates to win consumer confidence. New legal principles must be devised to align with “fair information practices,”42 especially those related to notice, transparency, consent, integrity, and accountability. However, such alignment also raises questions, including: What would be considered “adequate notice” for collecting spatial data? How should consent be requested? What information should be stored, and for how long? More broadly, when does localization (such as GPS tracking) lead to a privacy violation? Is reducing spatiotemporal resolution sufficient to discourage stalking and other forms of geoslavery? How do we serve societal needs (such as tracking infectious disease) while protecting individual geoprivacy? Spatial computing promises an impressive array of opportunities for researchers and entrepreneurs alike in the coming decades. Successfully harnessing this potential will require significant intellectual investment and related funding of spatial computing research topics, including, but not limited to, the examples we explored here. Many spatial-computing projects today are too limited to achieve the critical mass needed for major steps forward. Benefactors must strongly consider funding larger and more adventurous efforts involving a dozen or more faculty groups across multiple universities. Some exemplary initiatives include the U.S. National Center of Geographic Information and Analysis, GEOmatics for Informed Decisions network in Canada, RGE in the Netherlands, and the Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information in Australia. Another barrier to progress in research has been the fact grant proposals are often reviewed by panels with few or no spatial-computing experts, sometimes resulting in a lack of champions. Funding agencies should thus consider special review panels and specialized requests for proposals. A number of agencies have research initiatives in spatial computing,23,25,26,28,29 including the National Cancer Institute’s Spatial Uncertainty: Data, Modeling, and Communication initiative, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency’s Academic Research Program, and the Chorochronos project49 funded by the European Union. Given its cross-cutting reach, benefactors should aim to establish computer science leadership in this emerging area by creating a dedicated and enduring research program for spatial computing. Multiagency coordination to reduce competing projects and facilitate interdisciplinary, interagency research would benefit the entire field, as well as the agencies themselves. Finally, spatial-computing scientists need more institutional support on their home campuses. Beyond large one-time grants, a few research universities have established GIS centers (akin to computer centers in the 1960s), as well as campuswide spatial initiatives (such as the Center for Spatial Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara; http://spatial.ucsb.edu/, and U-Spatial at the University of Minnesota) that serve research endeavors across a range of disciplines, including climate change and public health. More research universities should follow their lead. Spatial computing has proved itself a major economic opportunity for society, and further support for spatial computing research will ensure even more revolutionary advances to come. We thank the participants of the Computing Community Consortium’s 2012 Spatial Computing Visioning Workshop, with support from the National Science Foundation, especially the organizing committee members: Peggy Agouris, Michael F. Goodchild (member of the National Academy of Sciences), Erik Hoel, John Jensen (ASPRS, AACI), Craig A. Knoblock, Richard Langley (Institute of Navigation), Edward Mikhail (ASPRS), Ouri Wolfson, and May Yuan (former president of UCGIS). We thank the overall Computing Community Consortium, including Erwin Gianchandani, Kenneth Hines, Hank Korth, and Eric Horvitz for guidance and valuable feedback. We thank Michael Evans, Dev Oliver, Venkata Gunturi, and Reem Ali at the University of Minnesota for their help in Spatial Computing 2020 visioning activities. We also thank contributors to the Vision and Challenge paper track at the 12th International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases.40 And we thank Kim Koffolt for improving the readability of this article. Shashi Shekhar’s research is supported by the National Science Foundation through grants 1029711, IIS-1320580, 0940818, and IIS-1218168, the U.S. Department of Defense through grants HM1582-08-1-0017 and HM0210-13-1-0005, and the University of Minnesota under OVPR U-Spatial. Steven K. Feiner’s research is supported in part by the National Science Foundation through grant IIS-1514429. And Walid G. Aref’s research is supported in part by the National Science Foundation through grant IIS 1117766. Figure 1. Geographic information system. A 2003 article in The Economist significantly underestimated the distance North Korean missiles could travel because its map did not account for the spherical shape of the Earth; the correct version is below.9 Figure 4. Experimental augmented reality assistance in aircraft-engine assembly. Henderson, S. and Feiner, S. Augmented reality in the psychomotor phase of a procedural task. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (2011).

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The American Club Hotel is a luxury hotel located in Kohler, Wisconsin, with a rich history and a wide range of accommodations, dining options, activities, and amenities. As an SEO Expert, I can tell you that the hotel is not only known for its elegant rooms, suites, and cottages, but also for its exceptional dining experiences at The Immigrant Restaurant, The Wisconsin Room, and The Horse & Plow. Guests can enjoy world-class golf at Whistling Straits and Blackwolf Run, relax at the renowned Kohler Waters Spa, and explore the Shops at Woodlake. The hotel also offers stunning event and wedding venues, along with catering services and meeting spaces. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating history of The American Club Hotel, explore its various accommodations, highlight its exceptional dining options, and showcase the array of activities and amenities available to guests. Whether you’re planning a romantic getaway, a corporate event, or a dream wedding, The American Club Hotel offers an unforgettable experience for every visitor. History of The American Club Hotel The history of The American Club Hotel is deeply intertwined with the legacy of Kohler Co., a prominent American company known for its historic richness and commitment to hospitality. In 1918, Walter J. Kohler, Sr., the CEO of Kohler Co., transformed the building of The American Club Hotel into a communal lodging space for the company’s workers. Over time, it evolved into a symbol of luxury and refinement, attracting visitors seeking a world-class experience. Kohler Co.’s vision for the hotel has always been to provide unparalleled service and exceptional amenities, which has led to the prestigious recognition of Forbes Five-Star Resort Hotel and AAA Five Diamond Resort Hotel. The impeccable attention to detail and unwavering dedication to guest satisfaction have solidified The American Club Hotel’s reputation as a premier destination for discerning travelers. Accommodations at The American Club Hotel The accommodations at The American Club Hotel offer a unique and luxurious experience, with a range of room types and amenities that reflect the heritage and elegance of Kohler’s historic hospitality. Guests have the option to stay in the Carriage House, which exudes old-world charm and features beautifully appointed rooms and suites. The Destination Kohler accommodations provide a blend of modern luxury and historic character, offering stunning views and access to the nearby championship golf courses. Each room is meticulously designed to create an atmosphere of comfort and sophistication, with plush bedding, elegant furnishings, and luxurious bathrooms, ensuring a relaxing and indulgent stay. The rooms at The American Club Hotel embody a blend of historic richness and contemporary luxury, providing guests with an elegant sanctuary and tranquil retreat during their stay. Each room is meticulously designed to showcase the hotel’s storied heritage, featuring a harmonious fusion of classic architectural elements and modern amenities. Guests are greeted by opulent furnishings, sumptuous linens, and picturesque views that exude an air of refinement and sophistication. The historic charm is seamlessly integrated with state-of-the-art technology, ensuring a seamless blend of old-world allure and comfort. The attention to detail in the rooms reflects the hotel’s commitment to offering a truly distinctive and immersive experience that speaks to its legacy. The suites at The American Club Hotel, including the Governor Suites and the Immersion Suite, epitomize the pinnacle of luxury and service, offering guests an exceptional and personalized experience. From elegant furnishings to state-of-the-art technology, the Governor Suites at The American Club Hotel are designed to create an ambiance of opulence and comfort. With spacious living areas, separate bedrooms, and luxurious bathrooms, these suites provide an unforgettable retreat. The Immersion Suite, on the other hand, takes bespoke service to the next level, offering a private in-suite spa experience, curated to the guest’s preferences. Guests can also indulge in exceptional amenities such as a private chef, personal butler, and access to exclusive facilities, ensuring a stay that exceeds every expectation. The cottages at The American Club Hotel offer a unique blend of historic charm and modern luxury, providing guests with a private and elegant village inn experience. Originally built as housing for immigrant workers in the early 1900s, the cottages have been meticulously restored to showcase their historic significance while offering all the amenities of a luxurious retreat. Each cottage exudes a sense of timeless elegance, with its warm, inviting interiors and craftsmanship that speaks to a bygone era. The experience of staying in one of these cottages is truly unique, allowing guests to immerse themselves in the rich history of the property while indulging in modern comforts such as plush bedding and luxury bath amenities. Dining Options at The American Club Hotel The dining options at The American Club Hotel celebrate the culinary heritage of Kohler, offering an exquisite array of restaurants and cuisines that exemplify the resort’s commitment to exceptional gastronomic experiences. From the upscale ambiance of the Immigrant Restaurant to the casual elegance of the Horse & Plow, guests can indulge in a diverse range of culinary delights. The renowned Whistling Straits Restaurant offers spectacular views of Lake Michigan and is known for its innovative menu featuring locally sourced ingredients. For a taste of Italy, the Cucina Italian serves authentic Italian cuisine, while the Wisconsin Room offers a classic dining experience with its historic charm. Each restaurant showcases the rich heritage of the region and represents the commitment to delivering top-tier dining experiences. The Immigrant Restaurant The Immigrant Restaurant at The American Club Hotel stands as a pinnacle of fine dining, embodying the elegance and artistry of culinary excellence within the historic walls of Kohler’s renowned establishment. The ambience at The Immigrant Restaurant is unmatched, with its sophisticated decor and warm lighting creating an inviting atmosphere for an extraordinary dining experience. The menu is a celebration of world-class cuisine, embracing the seasonal flavors and local ingredients that adorn each exquisitely presented dish. From the impeccably crafted appetizers to the indulgent desserts, every element reflects the culinary mastery of the chefs. Each plate is a work of art, skillfully combining traditional techniques with inventive flair, resulting in an explosion of flavors that tantalize the taste buds. The diverse wine selection curated by the expert sommeliers perfectly complements the gastronomic journey, enhancing the overall dining experience. The Wisconsin Room The Wisconsin Room at The American Club Hotel exudes charm and warmth, offering guests a delightful culinary journey through the vibrant and authentic flavors of the region’s cuisine. Upon entering The Wisconsin Room, guests are immediately captivated by the elegant yet welcoming ambiance. The subtle, yet sophisticated decor creates an inviting atmosphere, perfect for savoring the regional culinary offerings. The menu is a celebration of Wisconsin’s rich gastronomic heritage, featuring local ingredients and traditional recipes that showcase the diverse flavors of the region. From artisanal cheeses to hearty sausages and fresh produce, each dish is a tribute to the bountiful offerings of the area. Amidst the warm glow of the fireplace, patrons can enjoy signature dishes such as the Wisconsin-style fish fry and the famous Sheboygan bratwurst, both of which are beloved staples of the region’s cuisine. The attentive staff and serene surroundings add to the exceptional dining experience, making every visit to The Wisconsin Room a truly memorable and immersive culinary journey. The Horse & Plow The Horse & Plow at The American Club Hotel offers a relaxed and convivial pub experience, providing guests with an inviting ambiance and delightful casual dining within the historic walls of Kohler’s esteemed establishment. As you step inside the cozy Horse & Plow, the welcoming atmosphere immediately embraces you. The rustic charm of the wooden interiors, soft lighting, and the warmth of the fireplace create a sense of comfort that sets the perfect backdrop for a leisurely meal or a casual gathering. The menu, designed to please every palate, features an array of delightful pub fare that includes classic burgers, flavorful sandwiches, and hearty appetizers. Guests can savor their meals while immersing in the unique culinary journey that blends traditional favorites with inventive twists, catering to both comfort food enthusiasts and those seeking a culinary adventure. The lively conversations and the friendly interactions with the staff further enhance the relaxed ambiance of this charming pub, making every visit to The Horse & Plow a memorable experience. Activities and Amenities at The American Club Hotel The activities and amenities at The American Club Hotel cater to diverse interests, offering guests the opportunity to engage in world-class golf, rejuvenate at the luxurious Kohler Waters Spa, and explore the captivating shops at Woodlake, all within the historic and luxurious ambiance of Kohler’s esteemed establishment. For golf enthusiasts, the hotel provides access to the Whistling Straits and Blackwolf Run courses, designed by the renowned Pete Dye. These award-winning courses offer challenging gameplay amidst breathtaking landscapes. The hotel’s Golf Shop boasts an impressive selection of equipment, apparel, and accessories, ensuring that guests are equipped for a memorable golfing experience. Those seeking relaxation and rejuvenation can indulge in the world-class amenities at the Kohler Waters Spa. From therapeutic massages to rejuvenating facials, the spa’s comprehensive menu of services aims to provide holistic well-being. The serene ambience and expertly trained therapists elevate the spa experience, making it a highlight of any guest’s stay. The captivating shops at Woodlake offer a delightful retail therapy experience. Guests can explore an array of boutiques, from upscale fashion stores to quaint specialty shops, providing the perfect opportunity to find unique souvenirs or indulge in a shopping spree. Golf at Whistling Straits and Blackwolf Run Golf at Whistling Straits and Blackwolf Run offers an unparalleled experience, with prestigious PGA-level courses that provide guests with a captivating and challenging golfing adventure within the historic and picturesque landscape of Kohler’s esteemed establishment. Whistling Straits, overlooking Lake Michigan, is known for its rugged terrain, deep bunkers, and gusty winds, offering a sensational golf challenge that has hosted major tournaments. Meanwhile, Blackwolf Run, nestled along the Sheboygan River, comprises two championship courses, presenting golfers with stunning views and strategic play through its meandering layout and natural surroundings. Both venues provide an unparalleled golfing experience that combines the thrill of the sport with the beauty of nature. Kohler Waters Spa The Kohler Waters Spa at The American Club Hotel serves as a haven of luxury and rejuvenation, offering guests an unparalleled wellness experience within the opulent and tranquil ambiance of Kohler’s esteemed establishment. This world-renowned spa features an array of luxurious amenities, including plush relaxation lounges, serene treatment rooms, and a stunning rooftop deck with spectacular views. Guests can indulge in a variety of wellness services such as therapeutic massages, rejuvenating facials, and hydrotherapy experiences designed to renew body and spirit. The spa offers opulent experiences like the signature Hydrotherapy Circuit, complete with aromatic steam rooms, a cool plunge pool, and a invigorating whirlpool, ensuring a truly tranquil retreat from the stresses of everyday life. Shops at Woodlake The shops at Woodlake offer a delightful blend of luxury and heritage, providing guests with an enchanting shopping experience that reflects the distinctive charm and elegance of Kohler’s esteemed establishment. Visitors can explore an array of upscale boutiques and designer stores that showcase a curated selection of high-end fashion, jewelry, and home decor. The ambience exudes sophistication, with meticulously crafted displays and impeccable service that elevate the shopping experience to an art form. The heritage elements integrated into the architecture and décor add a timeless allure, transporting patrons to an era of refinement and grace. Events and Weddings at The American Club Hotel The events and weddings at The American Club Hotel are orchestrated with precision and elegance, offering guests an exceptional array of meeting and event spaces, exquisite wedding venues, and catering services that ensure unforgettable experiences within the historic and luxurious ambiance of Kohler’s esteemed establishment. The American Club Hotel boasts an impressive selection of meeting and event spaces, including versatile ballrooms, charming outdoor locations, and intimate gathering rooms, all designed to accommodate a variety of gatherings, from corporate conferences to grand celebrations. Its exquisite wedding venues, encompassing picturesque gardens, elegant ballrooms, and historic settings, provide the perfect backdrop for couples to exchange vows amidst unparalleled beauty and sophistication. The hotel’s catering services are renowned for their culinary excellence, offering delectable menus curated with the finest ingredients and tailored to suit the specific preferences of each event. Whether hosting a lavish banquet or an intimate reception, the expert culinary team ensures that every dish is a masterpiece, leaving a lasting impression on discerning palates. Meeting and Event Spaces The meeting and event spaces at The American Club Hotel exude elegance and sophistication, providing guests with versatile and technologically advanced venues that are ideal for hosting a wide range of gatherings within the historic and luxurious ambiance of Kohler’s esteemed establishment. With a seamless blend of sophistication and modernity, these spaces cater to various event requirements, whether it’s a corporate conference, intimate celebration, or grand gala. The cutting-edge technology integrated into the venues ensures that every presentation, performance, or gathering is equipped to exceed expectations. The versatility of the spaces allows for customization, accommodating events of different sizes and formats. The elegant decor and historic charm of the venue create a captivating ambiance, enhancing the overall experience for guests. The attention to detail and sophisticated amenities elevates the standard for event venues, setting The American Club Hotel apart as a top choice for discerning hosts and event planners. The wedding venues at The American Club Hotel epitomize romance and charm, offering couples the perfect backdrop for their picturesque and memorable ceremonies within the historic and picturesque ambiance of Kohler’s esteemed establishment. Nestled amidst the lush greenery and timeless elegance, The American Club Hotel provides an enchanting setting for couples to exchange vows. The stunning outdoor gardens, adorned with vibrant blooms and serene pathways, create an idyllic atmosphere for an outdoor ceremony. In contrast, the intimate indoor venues exude an old-world charm, with their rich wooden accents and opulent decor, evoking a sense of timeless romance. Whether overlooking the pristine lake or within the timeless architecture, every corner of The American Club Hotel beckons lovebirds to create unforgettable memories amidst its romantic allure. The catering services at The American Club Hotel are synonymous with culinary excellence and personalized attention, ensuring that every event or wedding experience is infused with the finest gastronomic offerings and bespoke service within the historic and luxurious ambiance of Kohler’s esteemed establishment. From intimate gatherings to grand celebrations, The American Club Hotel’s bespoke catering services are tailored to meet the unique preferences and dietary requirements of each guest. Their team of culinary maestros artfully crafts a diverse array of delectable dishes, offering an exquisite fusion of flavors, textures, and presentation that reflects their unwavering commitment to gastronomic perfection. Whether it’s a lavish banquet or an exclusive private dining experience, their attention to detail and flair for personalized service ensures that every aspect of the catered event is meticulously curated to exceed expectations. Frequently Asked Questions What is The American Club Hotel? The American Club Hotel is a luxury hotel located in the heart of Kohler, Wisconsin. It is known for its exceptional service, elegant accommodations, and world-class amenities. What are the room options at The American Club Hotel? The American Club Hotel offers a variety of room options, including deluxe rooms, suites, and private cottages. Each room is uniquely designed and features luxurious amenities for a comfortable stay. What amenities does The American Club Hotel offer? The American Club Hotel offers a wide range of amenities, including a spa, multiple restaurants, a fitness center, and complimentary access to the nearby Kohler Waters Spa. Guests can also enjoy activities such as golfing, horseback riding, and hiking. What dining options are available at The American Club Hotel? The American Club Hotel has several dining options, including the famous Wisconsin Room serving farm-to-table cuisine, and the Horse & Plow offering casual pub fare. Guests can also enjoy afternoon tea or cocktails at the Whistling Straits Clubhouse. Is The American Club Hotel pet-friendly? Yes, The American Club Hotel is a pet-friendly hotel. Guests can bring their furry friends for an additional fee and enjoy amenities such as a dog park and in-room pet beds and bowls. Are there any special packages or offers at The American Club Hotel? Yes, The American Club Hotel offers various packages and offers throughout the year, including spa, golf, and romance packages. Guests can also take advantage of special rates and promotions for a memorable and affordable stay.

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In the realm of dreams, symbols hold sway, whispering secrets and unveiling hidden truths. Among these enigmatic symbols, the high-positioned person stands tall, beckoning us to explore the depths of our psyche and unravel its profound significance. Who is this enigmatic figure that graces our dreams? Are they a reflection of our inner authority, a symbol of the power we hold within? Or do they represent an external force, a guiding light leading us towards our true destiny? As we embark on this journey of dream exploration, let us delve into the depths of symbolism, seeking the wisdom hidden within the appearance of high-positioned individuals in our nocturnal visions. Unraveling the tapestry of their presence, we may uncover profound insights into our own lives, aspirations, and hidden potential. Decoding the Secrets: Unraveling the Symbolism of High-Positioned People in Dreams Leadership and Authority Dreaming of a high positioned person signifies leadership and authority. It suggests that you are in control of your life and have the ability to influence others. This dream may also indicate that you are feeling ambitious and driven to succeed. Alternatively, this dream may represent your desire to be respected and admired by others. On the other hand, this dream may also reflect your feelings of insecurity and inadequacy. You may feel like you are not good enough or that you do not have the skills or abilities to succeed in life. This dream may also be a warning that you are taking on too much responsibility and that you need to delegate tasks to others. Power and Influence Dreaming of a high-positioned person symbolizes power and influence. It could be that you feel powerful and influential in your own life, or that you desire to have more power and influence. Alternatively, this dream could be a warning that you are being controlled or manipulated by someone else. If you are feeling powerful and influential in your dream, it is a sign that you are confident in your abilities and your ability to achieve your goals. You may be feeling in control of your life and your destiny. This is a positive dream symbol, as it indicates that you are on the right track to success. However, if you are feeling controlled or manipulated by someone else in your dream, it is a sign that you need to take back control of your life. You may be feeling powerless and unable to make your own decisions. This is a negative dream symbol, as it indicates that you are not in control of your own life and that you need to make some changes. Ambition and Success When dreaming of a high positioned person, this symbolizes ambition and success. You may currently hold a high position yourself, or you aspire to do so. This dream could also indicate that you admire those in positions of power. If you feel positive emotions in your dream, such as admiration or respect, this suggests that you are on the right track to achieving your goals. However, if you feel negative emotions, such as envy or jealousy, this could be a warning that you are being too ambitious or that you are trying to achieve success through unethical means. Dreaming of a high positioned person could also be a sign that you need to be more assertive in your waking life. You may be feeling overlooked or undervalued, and this dream is encouraging you to stand up for yourself and your ambitions. Overall, the meaning of this dream depends on the specific details and emotions involved. However, it is generally a positive symbol of ambition and success. Status and Prestige Dreaming of a high-positioned person, such as a celebrity, politician, or CEO, symbolizes status and prestige. This dream may be a reflection of your desire for success and recognition. Alternatively, it may represent your feelings of inferiority or inadequacy. If you are interacting with the high-positioned person in a positive way, this suggests that you are feeling confident and ambitious. You may be setting high goals for yourself and taking steps to achieve them. Conversely, if you are interacting with the high-positioned person in a negative way, this indicates that you are feeling insecure and doubtful about your abilities. You may be comparing yourself to others and feeling like you come up short. This dream is a reminder that everyone has their own unique path and that you should not compare yourself to others. Focus on your own goals and work hard to achieve them. Respect and Admiration Dreaming of a high-positioned person often reflects feelings of respect and admiration towards someone in a position of power or authority. This dream symbol can signify that you hold someone in high esteem and look up to them for their achievements, knowledge, or leadership qualities. It can be a sign of wanting to emulate their success or to seek their guidance and approval. On the other hand, it can also indicate feelings of inferiority or a desire to attain a similar level of status and recognition. Pay attention to the context and emotions within the dream to better understand your feelings and aspirations. Responsibility and Burden Dreaming of a high positioned person often symbolizes responsibility and burden. You may feel overwhelmed by the expectations of others or the demands of your job or relationships, leading you to feel weighed down and stressed. This dream sometimes indicates the burden or oppression of your current situation. You may feel that others are unfairly placing demands or expectations on you and that the weight is too heavy to bear. You may need to learn to set boundaries and assert your needs in order to alleviate the pressure. Alternatively, you may need to let go of the unrealistic expectations you are placing on yourself. Alternatively, a dream of a high positioned person can indicate your desire for power, authority, or status. You may feel that you are not getting the recognition or respect you deserve and you are seeking ways to elevate yourself in the eyes of others. This dream can also be a reminder that you have the potential to achieve great things and that you should not let self-doubt or fear hold you back from pursuing your goals. Isolation and Loneliness A high-positioned person, such as a king or queen, can symbolize isolation and loneliness in dreams. This is because these figures are often seen as being above or separate from the common people. They may be admired or respected, but they are also often isolated and alone. This can be a reflection of the dreamer's own feelings of isolation and loneliness. They may feel like they are not understood or appreciated by those around them. Alternatively, this symbol may be a warning that the dreamer is becoming too isolated or self-important. They may need to make more of an effort to connect with others. Challenges and Obstacles High positioned individuals in dreams can represent authority, power, and control. They may also reflect our own ambitions and aspirations. When we dream of high positioned people, we may be feeling challenged or overwhelmed by our own goals. We may also be feeling a sense of competition or rivalry. Alternatively, we may be feeling admiration or respect for someone in a position of power. Dreaming of a high positioned person can symbolize: - A challenge or obstacle in your life - A feeling of being overwhelmed or out of control - A sense of competition or rivalry - Admiration or respect for someone in a position of power - A desire to achieve success or recognition - A fear of failure or rejection - A need for guidance or support If you dream of a high positioned person, it is important to consider the context of the dream. What is the person doing or saying? How do you feel about the person? Are you feeling intimidated, inspired, or challenged? The answers to these questions can help you to understand the meaning of the dream. Personal Transformation and Development When you dream of a high positioned person, it often symbolizes personal transformation and development. This dream could signify that you are going through a period of significant growth and change in your life. It may indicate that you are becoming more confident, capable, and self-assured, and that you are ready to take on new challenges and responsibilities. Additionally, this dream could be a sign that you are developing new skills and talents, and that you are becoming more aware of your own potential. You may be feeling a sense of empowerment and self-discovery, and you may be ready to make positive changes in your life. Spiritual Meanings of High Positioned Person in Dreams Power and Authority Dreaming of a high-positioned person often signifies the dreamer's need for power and authority. It could be a reflection of the dreamer's desire to be in control, to have influence over others, or to be recognized for their accomplishments. Alternatively, it may be a sign of the dreamer's subconscious fear of being dominated or controlled by others. This dream symbol can also be interpreted as a representation of the dreamer's inner strength and potential. The high-positioned person may represent the dreamer's own ability to take charge and make decisions, or it may symbolize the power of the dreamer's own mind and spirit. Additionally, dreaming of a high-positioned person could be a sign of the dreamer's desire to connect with or emulate a particular person in their life who holds a position of power or authority. It may also be a reflection of the dreamer's own aspirations and goals in life. For example, a young person who dreams of becoming a CEO may dream of meeting or interacting with a CEO who represents their aspirations. Spiritual Guidance and Wisdom Dreaming of a high-positioned person symbolizes divine wisdom and spiritual insights. This dream suggests you’re on the verge of attaining greater knowledge or spiritual awakening. It encourages you to tap into your inner wisdom and trust your intuition to guide you through life's challenges. The dream of a high-positioned person reminds you of your divine potential and encourages you to strive for higher consciousness. It also highlights the importance of seeking guidance and support from spiritual teachers or mentors who can help you on your spiritual journey. Through this dream, the universe urges you to seek enlightenment and strive for a deeper understanding of yourself and your place in the universe. It is a call to elevate your consciousness and connect with the divine within you. Protection and Guidance Dreaming of a high positioned person, such as a king, queen, president, or CEO, is often interpreted as a symbol of protection and guidance. The high positioned person in your dream may represent a powerful figure in your life who you look up to for advice and support. Alternatively, it may represent your own inner strength and authority. This dream could be telling you that you are feeling protected and supported in your current situation. You may be feeling confident and capable of handling whatever challenges come your way. Alternatively, the dream could be encouraging you to take on more responsibility and leadership in your life. If the high positioned person in your dream is someone you know, it may be a sign that you need to reach out to them for help or advice. This person may be able to provide you with the guidance you need to overcome a challenge or achieve a goal. If the high positioned person in your dream is someone you don't know, it may be a sign that you need to look within yourself for strength and guidance. You may have the answers you need to solve your problems or achieve your goals. Wealth and Abundance If you see a high positioned person in your dream, it means spiritual wealth and abundance. The person may be someone you know, or they may be a stranger. If the person is someone you know, it suggests that you are already in a position of power and influence, or that you are about to come into such a position. This dream is a sign of your inner strength and your ability to manifest your desires. If the person is a stranger, it suggests that you are about to meet someone who will be a powerful ally in your life. This person will help you to achieve your goals and to live a life of abundance. Fame and Recognition Dreaming of a high-positioned person often symbolizes fame and recognition. It can suggest that you are seeking recognition for your accomplishments or that you are about to receive it. This dream may also reflect your desire to be successful and respected. Fame: A dream of a high-positioned person can be a sign that you are seeking fame or recognition for your accomplishments. You may be feeling undervalued or underappreciated in your waking life, and this dream is a way for your subconscious to express your desire for recognition. Recognition: If you dream of being in the presence of a high-positioned person, it can suggest that you are about to receive recognition for your hard work and dedication. This may be in the form of a promotion at work, a public award, or simply the praise and admiration of those around you. Success: Dreaming of a high-positioned person can also reflect your desire to be successful and respected. You may be feeling ambitious and driven, and this dream is a manifestation of your goals and aspirations. Ambition and Drive Dreaming of a high positioned person can symbolize your ambition and drive. You may be feeling motivated to achieve great things in your life, and this dream is a reflection of that ambition. Alternatively, this dream may be a sign that you are feeling overwhelmed by the pressure to succeed. You may be feeling like you are not good enough or that you are not measuring up to others' expectations. This dream could be a way for your subconscious to tell you that you need to take a step back and focus on your own goals and aspirations. Success and Accomplishment A high positioned person seen in a dream can symbolize success and accomplishment in the dreamer's life. The high position of the person in the dream may indicate that the dreamer is about to achieve or has already achieved great success in their career, relationships, or personal endeavors. Depending on the details of the dream, the high positioned person could also represent the dreamer's own potential for success and accomplishment. If the dreamer interacts positively with the high positioned person, it could indicate that they are on the right path to achieving their goals. Alternatively, if the interaction is negative or challenging, it could highlight areas where the dreamer needs to work on developing their skills or overcoming obstacles in order to reach success. Overall, this dream symbol often carries a positive connotation, suggesting that the dreamer has the potential to achieve great things and is on the path to success. Potential and Destiny When you dream of a high-positioned person, it can symbolize your potential and destiny. This dream could tell you that you have the potential to achieve great things in life and that you are destined for success. You may feel like you are being called to a higher purpose or that you have a special role to play in the world. This dream can also be a reminder to stay humble and to use your power and influence for good. Biblical Meanings of Meeting or Seeing High Positioned Persons in Dreams The King as a Symbol of God's Authority In many societies, the king or queen is regarded as the supreme ruler, representing the highest authority and power. In biblical teachings, God is often depicted as a king, symbolizing His sovereignty and ultimate authority over the universe and all creation. When a high-positioned person appears in your dream, it could represent several things. It might signify your sense of order and decorum, your respect for authority figures, or your desire for power and control. On the other hand, it could also indicate feelings of inadequacy, insecurity, or inferiority, especially if the person in your dream is intimidating or overwhelming. Biblically speaking, if you dream of a king, it can be interpreted as a symbol of God's authority and His sovereignty over your life. The dream may be urging you to acknowledge His role as the ultimate ruler and to submit to His guidance and protection. Alternatively, it might be reminding you to exercise your own authority and leadership abilities in some aspect of your waking life, whether at work, in your relationships, or within yourself. Ruler as an Embodiment of Power and Control Dreaming of a high positioned person, such as a ruler or a king, can hold biblical significance that goes beyond the realm of earthly power and authority. In the Bible, rulers are often seen as embodiments of power and control, both in positive and negative senses. - Divine Authority: A high positioned person in a dream may represent the ultimate authority of God, who governs and rules over all things. It can symbolize the dreamer's trust and submission to a higher power, acknowledging that there is a sovereign force guiding their life. - Leadership and Guidance: Dreaming of a benevolent ruler can signify the guidance and protection of God. It may indicate that the dreamer is seeking or receiving spiritual direction and leadership in their life. - Tyranny and Oppression: A high positioned person in a dream can also symbolize tyrannical authority or oppressive forces that the dreamer feels powerless against. It may reflect the dreamer's struggles with authority figures or a sense of being controlled or manipulated. - Pride and Abuse of Power: Dreaming of a corrupt or power-hungry ruler may symbolize the negative aspects of power and authority. It can represent the dreamer's own tendencies towards pride, domination, or the abuse of power, or the fear of being subjected to such abuses. In interpreting the biblical meaning of dreams involving high positioned people, it is important to consider the dreamer's personal context, beliefs, and life circumstances. The specific actions, characteristics, and interactions with the high positioned person in the dream can provide further insight into the dreamer's spiritual and emotional state. High Priest: A Link to the Divine and Spiritual Realm The High Priest, adorned in majestic garments, emerges from the depths of your subconscious, embodying a profound connection to the divine and spiritual realms. This dream symbol, steeped in biblical significance, beckons you to explore the depths of your own spirituality and seek guidance from a higher power. Within the sacred texts, the High Priest serves as an intermediary between humanity and the divine, bridging the gap between the earthly and celestial realms. As a conduit of divine wisdom and blessings, the High Priest's presence in your dreams signifies a longing for deeper spiritual understanding and a yearning for a closer relationship with the divine. This dream symbol invites you to embark on a journey of self-reflection and introspection, urging you to contemplate the nature of your beliefs and values. It encourages you to seek out spiritual guidance, whether through prayer, meditation, or the study of sacred texts. By attuning yourself to the divine, you open yourself up to a realm of infinite possibilities and profound transformation. Furthermore, the High Priest represents the embodiment of wisdom, compassion, and unwavering faith. His presence in your dreams may be a sign that you are ready to embrace these qualities and embody them in your own life. You may be called upon to step into a position of leadership or guidance, where your wisdom and empathy can make a positive impact on the world around you. Ultimately, the High Priest dream symbol is a potent reminder of the interconnectedness of all living beings and the divine source that unites us all. It invites you to embrace your spirituality, seek guidance from a higher power, and embody the qualities of wisdom, compassion, and unwavering faith. As you embark on this journey, you open yourself up to a life filled with purpose, meaning, and profound connection to the universe. Political Leader: Representation of Governance and Order In the realm of dreams, encountering a high-positioned person, such as a political leader, often symbolizes governance and order. Delving into the biblical context, dreams featuring political leaders can offer profound insights into your perception of authority, societal structures, and the pursuit of justice. According to biblical interpretations, dreaming of a political leader can represent your desire for guidance and protection. It may reflect your longing for stability and order in your life, especially during tumultuous times. The dream encourages you to seek wisdom and leadership from individuals you trust and respect. Furthermore, dreaming of a political leader can signify your awareness of the systems and structures that govern society. It may prompt you to reflect on your own role and responsibilities within these structures. The dream may challenge you to consider how effectively these systems serve the needs of the community and whether you can contribute positively to their functioning. In a broader sense, dreams involving political leaders can symbolize the pursuit of justice and righteousness. The dream may inspire you to become an advocate for change, to speak out against injustice, and to stand up for the rights of the marginalized. It may also encourage you to reflect on your own moral compass and ethical decision-making. Overall, the biblical meaning of encountering a high-positioned person in a dream invites you to explore themes of governance, order, justice, and leadership. It encourages you to reflect on your relationship with authority, your role in society, and your pursuit of a just and harmonious world. Authority Figure in Dreams: Reflecting Inner Strength and Determination In dreams, authority figures often represent the dreamer's inner strength and determination. These figures can take many forms, such as a parent, teacher, boss, or even a celebrity or public figure. When interpreting the meaning of a dream symbol involving a high positioned person, consider the following biblical references: David and Goliath: In the biblical story of David and Goliath, David, a young shepherd boy, defeated the giant Goliath in battle. This victory represented David's faith in God and his inner strength. In dreams, a high positioned person may symbolize the dreamer's own potential for greatness and the ability to overcome challenges. Moses and the Burning Bush: Moses was a reluctant leader who was chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. Initially, Moses doubted his own ability to fulfill this role, but God reassured him of his strength and guidance. Dreams of a high positioned person may symbolize the dreamer's need for reassurance and guidance in their own life. Jesus as the Good Shepherd: In the Bible, Jesus is often referred to as the Good Shepherd who leads and protects his flock. Dreams of a high positioned person, such as a shepherd, may represent the dreamer's desire for guidance and protection. The Parable of the Talents: In the Parable of the Talents, Jesus tells the story of three servants who are entrusted with different amounts of money. The servants who use their talents wisely are rewarded, while the servant who buries his talent is punished. Dreams of a high positioned person may symbolize the dreamer's responsibility to use their gifts and talents wisely. Overall, dreams of a high positioned person can be interpreted as a reflection of the dreamer's inner strength, determination, and potential for greatness. These dreams may also represent the dreamer's need for reassurance, guidance, and protection. Cultural and Historical Significance of Dreaming About High-Positioned Personalities Throughout history and across cultures, dreams of encountering high-ranking individuals or persons of authority have held various symbolic interpretations, reflecting societal norms, prevailing beliefs, and personal aspirations. Ancient Civilizations: A Divine Connection: In ancient societies like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, dreams about royalty or deities signified divine communication or favor. Kings and gods were often regarded as intermediaries between the heavens and Earth, making their presence in dreams particularly meaningful. Medieval Europe: Reflecting Social Hierarchy: Dreams involving high-ranking figures in medieval Europe mirrored the rigid social structure of the era. Commoners might dream of encountering monarchs or nobles, symbolizing their aspirations for social advancement. Conversely, dreams of superiors admonishing them could represent feelings of inferiority or oppressive authority. Modern Era: A Reflection of Personal Ambition and Power Dynamics: Today, dreams about powerful individuals can reflect personal ambition, a desire for control, or subconscious struggles with authority. These dreams may point to career aspirations, a yearning for recognition, or concerns about one's place in the social hierarchy. They may also reveal fears or insecurities about dealing with influential people. 20 Scenarios of High Positioned Person Dream Symbol and Their Interpretation 1. Dream of meeting a high positioned person Dreaming of meeting a high positioned person signifies your desire for recognition and respect. You may feel undervalued or overlooked in your waking life, and this dream is a way of compensating for that. Alternatively, the person you meet may represent a higher power, such as God, the universe, or your own higher self. You may be meeting this person to receive guidance or support on your life's journey. If the person is someone you know, it could be a sign that you respect and admire them. You may be striving to achieve similar success or status. Alternatively, the person could represent a part of yourself that you want to develop. If the meeting is successful, it suggests you are on the right track in your life. You may be about to achieve a major goal or milestone. Alternatively, you may be feeling confident and optimistic about the future. If the meeting is unsuccessful, it could be a sign that you are feeling insecure or inadequate. You may be worried about your ability to achieve your goals. Alternatively, you may be feeling negative or pessimistic about the future. Paying attention to the details of the dream, such as the setting, the person's behavior, and your own emotions, can provide additional insights into the meaning of the dream. 2. Dream of talking to a high positioned person This dream suggests that you are feeling overwhelmed by the demands of your current position or that you are feeling a lack of control over your life. Alternatively, this dream may be a sign of your desire for power or recognition. If you are talking to a high positioned person who is dismissive or condescending, this dream may be a sign of your feelings of inferiority or insecurity. Alternatively, this dream may be a warning that you are being taken advantage of by someone in your waking life. If you are talking to a high positioned person who is supportive or encouraging, this dream may be a sign of your confidence in your own ability to achieve your goals. Alternatively, this dream may be a sign of your desire for guidance or mentorship. Depending on the tone of the conversation and the overall feeling of the dream, this dream can be either positive or negative. If the conversation is positive and you feel good about yourself, this dream is likely a sign of your confidence and ambition. If the conversation is negative and you feel bad about yourself, this dream is likely a sign of your insecurity and self-doubt. 3. Dream of being a high positioned person Dreaming of being a high positioned person signifies your desire for recognition, power, and authority. It suggests that you crave a sense of control and influence over your life and the lives of others. This dream could also be a reflection of your ambitious nature and your drive to succeed. The dream could also indicate that you feel undervalued or underappreciated in your current situation. You may be yearning for a promotion or a position of greater responsibility. Alternatively, this dream could be a warning that you are becoming too arrogant or overbearing in your pursuit of success. If you are a high positioned person in real life, this dream may simply be a reflection of your current status and responsibilities. However, if you are not a high positioned person in real life, this dream could be a sign that you are feeling overwhelmed or burdened by your current responsibilities. Pay attention to the details of your dream, such as the specific position you held, the people you were interacting with, and the tasks you were performing. These details can provide additional clues about the meaning of your dream. Navigate 20 high positioned person dream scenarios here 5 Types of Individuals Who Encounter Dreams About High-Positioned People 1. Business Professionals and Entrepreneurs Business professionals and entrepreneurs often dream of high-positioned individuals as a reflection of their ambitions and aspirations. The presence of a high-ranking figure in their dreams may symbolize their desire for success, power, and recognition in their professional endeavors. These dreams could be a manifestation of their drive to climb the corporate ladder, secure lucrative deals, or establish themselves as industry leaders. The specific details of the dream, such as the nature of the interaction with the high-positioned person, can provide further insights into the dreamer's current state of mind and aspirations. For example, a dream where the dreamer is having a positive and productive conversation with a high-ranking individual could indicate confidence and optimism about their career prospects. Conversely, a dream where the dreamer feels intimidated or belittled by a high-positioned person may reflect feelings of self-doubt or insecurity about their professional abilities. Business professionals and entrepreneurs may also dream of high-positioned individuals as a way of seeking guidance or mentorship. The dream figure could represent an idealized version of a successful mentor or role model who can provide valuable advice and support in the dreamer's professional journey. Dreams about high-positioned people can be interpreted as a reflection of the dreamer's inner drive, ambitions, and aspirations. By understanding the symbolism behind these dreams, business professionals and entrepreneurs can gain valuable insights into their subconscious motivations and work towards achieving their goals with greater clarity and purpose. 2. Politicians and Government Officials For those who navigate the intricate world of politics and government, dreams of high-positioned individuals can hold profound significance and offer unique insights into their psyche. Power Dynamics and Influence: Politicians and government officials often find themselves entangled in complex power dynamics, where the pursuit of influence and control is a constant factor. Dreams involving high-positioned figures may reflect their preoccupation with these dynamics, their aspirations for greater authority, or their concerns about maintaining their current status. Leadership and Decision-Making: Leaders in the political and governmental spheres are frequently burdened with the responsibility of making critical decisions that impact the lives of many. Dreams featuring high-positioned persons may symbolize these leadership challenges and the internal struggles associated with making consequential choices. Public Scrutiny and Criticism: Politicians and government officials are constantly under the public eye, facing scrutiny and criticism from various stakeholders. Dreams about high-positioned individuals may manifest their anxieties about public perception, their desire for validation, or their fears of being judged or ridiculed. Navigating Bureaucracy and Red Tape: The political and governmental landscape is often characterized by bureaucratic processes and red tape, which can be frustrating and impede progress. Dreams of high-positioned figures might symbolize the dreamer's frustrations with these bureaucratic hurdles and their longing for greater efficiency and streamlining. Balancing Personal and Professional Life: Politicians and government officials frequently struggle to maintain a healthy work-life balance, as their professional responsibilities often consume a significant portion of their time and energy. Dreams about high-positioned individuals may reflect their concerns about neglecting personal relationships, their desire for a more fulfilling personal life, or their search for harmony between their professional and personal worlds. 3. Religious Leaders and Spiritual Gurus For religious leaders and spiritual gurus, dreaming of a high-positioned person can hold significant symbolic meaning. Within the realm of their spiritual practices, encountering such a figure in their dreams may represent a connection with a higher power, the divine, or the universe. It could symbolize a profound spiritual awakening, an encounter with an ascended master or a guardian angel, or a message from a higher source. These dreams can serve as a reminder of the leader's role as a guide and a source of wisdom for their followers. The high-positioned person in the dream may embody the qualities and virtues that the leader strives to embody, such as compassion, wisdom, and spiritual enlightenment. Through this dream, the leader may receive guidance, inspiration, or insights that can help them in their spiritual journey and in serving their community. Alternatively, such dreams might reflect the leader's own inner struggles and aspirations. The high-positioned person could represent an idealized version of themselves, embodying the qualities they wish to cultivate or the goals they seek to achieve. The dream may be a reflection of the leader's desire for spiritual growth, recognition, or a sense of accomplishment. See more: who dreams about high positioned person? 5 demographic profiles Introspection and Reflection Diving into the realm of dreams, we often encounter enigmatic symbols that beg for interpretation. One such symbol is that of a high positioned person. As a prominent figure, this symbol demands introspection and self-reflection, prompting us to delve into the depths of our psyche. Indeed, the appearance of a high positioned person in our dreams urges us to examine our own aspirations, ambitions, and the path we are currently treading. Are we striving for greatness, or have we allowed complacency to set in? This dream symbol challenges us to evaluate our current trajectory and consider whether it aligns with our true potential. By delving into the significance of this dream symbol, we embark on a journey of self-discovery. We begin to recognize our strengths and weaknesses, acknowledge our fears and desires, and ultimately gain a deeper understanding of who we are at our core. This process of introspection can lead to profound personal growth and transformation. The key to unlocking the secrets of our dreams lies in keeping a dream journal. This simple yet powerful practice allows us to capture the fleeting images and emotions of our dreams upon waking. By recording our dreams regularly, we create a rich tapestry of symbols and patterns that can be analyzed and interpreted over time. Dream Decoder, an advanced AI dream interpreter, offers an invaluable tool for delving into the world of dream symbolism. With its vast database and sophisticated algorithms, Dream Decoder provides insightful interpretations that can illuminate the hidden meanings behind our dreams. By utilizing Dream Decoder in conjunction with a dream journal, we gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the subconscious forces that shape our waking lives. Engage with your dreams, explore the depths of your psyche, and uncover the hidden messages waiting to be revealed. Let the dream symbol of a high positioned person be your guide on this enlightening journey of self-discovery.

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This document contains General Conditions under which the Trader provides services to Customers and access to and use of http://en.elmarkstore.eu/, and the products and services available through this website. 2. TRADER DETAILS ELMARK TRADE LTD. ZPZ 10 Perla Str. Varna 9009, Bulgaria Phone: +359 52 57 55 77 Trader - ELMARK TRADE LTD. Customer - any natural or legal person using the website, including browsing, create orders, purchase of goods, return and exchange etc. and agrees to all of the Terms of Service. Website - www.elmarkstore.eu domain and its subdomains owned by ELMARK TRADE LTD. Online store - online platform for purchase of goods using website http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ General Condition - means these terms and conditions. By clicking on any item, link or a button, located on the http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ (except the link to these Terms and Conditions), the Customer agrees, accepts and obliged to comply these Terms and Conditions of the online store. CPA - means Consumer Protection Act. PDPA - means Personal Data Protection Act. Personal data - means personal data under the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA). Account - registration at http://en.elmarkstore.eu/, created by Customer via his e-mail address and password, which allows to make an order /contract and contains information about the user and history of his acts. Order - an e-document representing a communication form between Trader and Customer, through which the Customer informs the Trader, his intention to purchase the goods and services from http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ Goods and Services - each subject of the contract. Contract - conclude an agreement between Trader and Customer for purchase the good, at the website price and in according to these Terms and Conditions. Please note, that each order is a different contract. Content - any information including images, texts, design, software, database etc. Also any information provided by Trader to Customer via webstore about the products, services, prices, discounts and messages sent by any form of communication. Delivery - receiving the ordered and paid goods. Courier - a company which is registered and operate under the Postal Services and deliver the purchased goods to the address specified by the Customer. Payment - transfer of finances for purchase of goods from the online store according Payment methods 4. MAIN POINTS 4.1. All conditions are mandatory for all customers of http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ 4.2. All Terms and Conditions may be update by the Trader at any time. Each Customer should check this page regularly to take notice of any changes Trader may have made to the Terms and Conditions. 4.3. Any use of the online store means that the Customer is agree, accept and obliged to comply General Terms and Conditions. 4.4. Using the online store, the Customer is responsible for any damages and losses to the Trader or a third party, resulting from his action and / or inaction. 4.5. If the Customer does not agree with these Terms and Conditions, he is required to do not use the webstore. 4.6. Customer has the rights to disagree with General Terms and Conditions in case that he does not have a Contract or any obligations to the Trader. 4.7. Customer must be over 18 years of age and possess a valid information. Otherwise the Customer has a criminal liability. 4.8. Trader has the right to transfer any rights and obligations, and any Contract with the Customer to third parties. Customers will receive a notice about the transfer of Traders rights. In that case, Trader is not released of his duties. 4.9. If any clause in these Terms and Condition is inapplicable or invalid, it does not impose invalidity of the other clauses. 5.1. ELMARK TRADE LTD. is trying to maintain the accuracy of the information provided to Customer through the webstore. 5.2. ELMARK TRADE LTD. does not claim that provide a comprehensive information. 5.3. Images of the products are informative, and the delivered products may be different form the images in the webstore. Customer has no rights to seek Traders liability for any lack of coincidence. 5.4. ELMARK TRADE LTD. is not responsible for technical mistakes, inaccuracies in the description or the pictures of the products, prices of the items, and any external tamper. If Customer found any, let notify the Trader. 5.5. The descriptions and the prices of the products can be changed at any time and may contain mistakes. 5.6. http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ contains links to other websites with their own privacy policies. ELMARK TRADE LTD. is not responsible for the privacy policies of these websites. 5.7. ELMARK TRADE LTD. is not responsible for any losses of Customer, caused by the use of the webstore. All costs associated with this kind of damages are on behalf of the Customer. 6. CONCLUDE A CONTRACT 6.1. Customers use the interface http://en.elmarkstore.eu/, to conclude a contract in the webstore. 6.2. The contracts represents these Terms and Conditions, available at http://en.elmarkstore.eu/. The specifics of each contract are described in each order confirmed by the Customer. 6.3. Parties to the contract are Trader and Customer, with his detail information upon registration of the order. 6.4. Customer create an orders from the webstore, to receive the goods and services through payment. 6.5. Trader notify the Customer by e-mail or phone that the order is obtained, which is not mean acceptance or commitment by the Trader. 6.6. Trader may not deliver the goods and services in the order, because of lack of stock availability, changing the price, or without stating reason. In any cases, the Trader will notify the Customer by e-mail or phone. In these cases, the Trader is responsible to make a full refund within 14 days to the Customer for prepaid goods. 6.7. The contract between Trader and Customer is concluded at the moment that the Trader receives the acceptance of the offer by the Customer, by placing an order. At this time the Customer will also be sent a confirmation by e-mail, re-stating the details for his records. 6.8. Conclusion and confirmation of the contract are considered received, when the parties are able to access them. 6.9. The courier delivers the goods to the Customers address, and is not responsible in case of incorrect contact details. 7.1. The Customer can make an orders of goods and services from http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ at any time, with or without registered account. ELMARK TRADE LTD. gives discounts to their registered customers - individuals and legal entities. For all legal entities the discounts are defined by their chosen business sector. ELMARK TRADE LTD. reserves the right to unilaterally change their legal terms. 7.2. By confirming the order, the Customer confirms that his detail information is correct. 7.3. The webpage of each item gives an information about the stock availability or delivery time. It is possible after sending the order, some of the products may not be available, because of updating the system. In that case, Trader will notify the Customer by e-mail. 7.4. After sending the order, the Customer agrees to contact him to confirm the products availability, prices and delivery time. 7.5. Trader may refuse the order or part of it, and will notify the Customer about that. The refusal does not affect to any party in the following cases: - Incomplete and incorrect information provided by the Customer; - The Customer makes any damage to the Trader or a third party; - Out of stock; - Invalid money transaction. 8.1. The Customer of the webstore is entitled to cancel the purchase and to return the ordered products within 14 days from the date of delivery. 8.2. To refuse the order the Customer must complete the RETURN FORM.The information, which the Customer has to provide is: his name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, order number, message about the cancellation, description of the products and bank accout to which the Trader will refund the amount paid. 8.3. Customer can exchange the product for another one from the same or from a different category. 8.4. In this cases the Customer will be liable for the cost of return to our warehouse in Republic of Bulgaria. 8.5. If the Customer refuse the order, the amount of payment will be refunded within 14 days after retuning in the Trader warehouse by bank transfer. 8.6. Trader may delay the refund until received the products back or to obtain the proof that the products are sent. 8.7. The products must be returned unused, undamaged and send securely. All products must be in the original packing, with product tags and documentation. 8.8. Trader reserves the rights to retain the paid amount, if the Customer returns any of the products with damage, scratches, missing components or missing tags and documentation. 9. ONLINE SALES POLICY 9.1. Any Customer has access to website: http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ 9.2. Any Customer can make an order, with or without registered account. 9.3. All prices of the products and / or services on the website are final, declared in EUR (€) including VAT and all other requirements by law taxes and fees. 9.4. Customer discounts do not apply for promotional products and products with lowered prices. 9.5. Before sending the order each Customer confirmed that he is agree with these Terms and Conditions. 9.6. Once the Customer have placed his order he will be presented with an order confirmation screen detailing what he has bought, payment methods and delivery options.Trader is not responsible in case of undelivered parcel because of incorrect contact details. 9.7. For online payment or international bank transfer, Trader is not responsible for any extra charges, fees or other additional payment in connection with the transaction. These costs are borne by the Customer. 9.8. http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ reserves the rights to limit the Customer access to registration of the order or to any of the payment methods. In that case, the Trader is not responsible for any losses of the Customer. If Customer need any information about limitations on his account, let contact the Trader. 9.9. Customer can post his comments in the sections established from http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ The comments which contains an obscene or inappropriate information will not be publish on the website. Trader can processed the received information. 9.10. Communication between the Customer and the Trader may be done through the website or by personal contact. 9.11. When the Customer creates an account or confirms the order, he can select the option to receive an electronic newsletter. The refusal can be done by click on the link of the newsletter or by send a request on the following e-mail address: [email protected] 10. PAYMENT METHODS 10.1. All prices of the products and / or services on the website are final, declared in EUR (€) including VAT and all other requirements by law taxes and fees. 10.2. In process of ordering, The Customer can select between the following payment methods: - Bank transfer – The Customer pays the value of the order to the bank account of ELMARK TRADE LTD. with reason for paying – the order number and the date. After receiving of the payment to the bank account of ELMARK TRADE LTD., the products will be dispatch. To use this method, please use the following bank account: ELMARK TRADE LTD. SWIFT CODE: UNCRBGSF BANK: UNICREDIT BULBANK AD - Credit or debit card (MyPos). 10.3. For any order, the Customer is required to provide the detail information for an invoice. 10.4. Trader will create an invoice to the Customer based on the details of the order. 11. DELIVERY INFORMATION 11.1. Trader will dispatch the products to the Customers address, after the receipt of payment and in case the Customers address is located on the territory of European Union (EU) . 11.2. Trader is required to provide a proper package and documentation. 11.3. Trader is not responsible in case of delay of the delivery because of a couriers fault. 11.4. Trader is not responsible in case of incorrect shipping details. 11.5. The estimated delivery time for each country is described in Delivery policy. Trader send from Monday to Friday (except public holidays). In case of delay of the delivery, the Trader will notify the Customer by e-mail. If the product is “out of stock”, the Trader will inform the Customer about the possible delivery time, or will offer exchange the product or refund. 11.6. http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ may request additional confirmation of the order by e-mail or phone. If the confirmation is not done, the order will be canceled. 11.7. Trader is not responsible for mounting and installation of the products. 11.8. If on arrival of the goods it appears that they are damaged, the Customer shall, before accepting delivery of these goods, have the shipping agent draw up a damage report. Otherwise the Trader is not liable, and the products will be count as accepted from the Customer. Trader has the rights to use subcontractors to provide the services offered on the website, without need to notify the Customer. Trader will be responsible for the services of the subcontractors as for services provided from him. 13. INTELLECTUAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY 13.1. The content, texts, logos, all images, pictures, symbols, headlines, measures and weights, and multimedia content provided and stated on the website are exclusive property of the http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ 13.2. Customer has not rights to copy, distribute, publish, modify, making it available to third parties, sell, or transfer the content from http://en.elmarkstore.eu/ without agreement of the Trader. 13.3. Customer can use the content only for personal, noncommercial purposes which are not in contradiction with General Terms and Conditions. 14.1.Customer is responsible for protecting the confidentiality of his username, password and access to his account. 14.2. Customer is agree that Trader may use his personal information for marketing purposes, personal contact and legally purposes, without his permission. 14.3. 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The warranty term is different in relation of the product category specified in the last publication of the ELMARK electronic catalog ELMARK lighting and ELMARK electrical, available for downloading at www.elmarkholding.eu 2. Warranty service This warranty coveres only products used in the frameworks of their designation or their normal use and for which is valid the following: -working conditions are in acompliance with the information mentioned on the products, their package, applied documentation and technical ELMARK catalogues -enviromental temperature is always in the frameworks of the working range - the electrical installation where the products are used is not subject to a voltage variations out of the acceptabel range mentioned in the technical documentation -the products are connected, installed and used properly in accordance with the producer instructions, within the frameworks of grid value, working range and environmental conditions settled in the technical specifications, user guide, standards and all other documents accompanying the products. The only ELMARK obligation within the above warranty conditions is limited up to a replace or repair of each prodct for which there is defined defect during production or included material. The expences regarding installation or dismounting of the products are not subject to this warranty. The user may use the provided warranty only at the place where the purchase was made by providing full documentation and product composition . If buyer decide to send product to the seller by a courier, the transport expenses and transportation risk will be taken by buyer. All mentioned warranty conditions are valid if ELMARK's representative has access to the faulty product in order to confirm the faulty, if necessary. The user can’t use the warranty conditions in following situations: 2.1.installation by incapable or not authorized person 2.2. Repair in a not authorized place by a not authorized person 2.3.in case of fauly caused by not proper exploatation 2.4.the warranty do not cover products with not proper cabeling, fitting and exploatation 2.5.the warranty do not cover damage caused by failers in electrical installation in connection of wrong, old or not working installation 2.6. In case if product is not in good codition 2.7. If document for product purchase is lost (cash receipt or invoice) 2.8. The warranty do not cover damages caused by: moisture, flooding, fire, nature disasters, electricity installation overloading, electric shock, insurance events, as well as break, scratch, dirt,rent, burn and other intentional or not intentioanl actions, abuse, not proper exploatation, not standard exploatation or exploatation in a break of any standard, user guide instruction, code, including without limitation those contained in the last safety standards industrial and / or electrical standards for the relevant region. 2.9. The warranty do not cover product components with limited warranty terms 2 years: batteries, consumables and esc. This warranty do not cover the labor expences made in connection of installation or dismounting of the products ELMARK keeps the right to take final decision regarding the validity of each warranty claim 3. The solution of accepted by us claim will be proceeded as follows: ELMARK choose either 3.1 to repair the claimed product free of charge or 3.2 to replace it with a new same product in a proper condition (there is possibility to replace with similar model) or 3.3 to refund the amount to the buyer for the purchase of claimed product, if there is no possibility for repair or replace in the frameworks of 30 days from the claim date announcement. The claimed products which were replaced by ELMARK bacame ELMARK’s property. The goods must be made in a framework of 1 month, counting from claim request by consumer. After the implementation of the guarantee services or the replacement is done, the warranty terms of the product can not be renewed. The warranty terms are extended only with the time neccessary for the product replacement or repair. Before you request for a claim, please carefully check if the problem of the product is covered by the warranty conditions in accordance with the pointed coditions for exploatation. - if the check shows that the defect can’t be treated as under warranty product and if the outdoor repair is refused by you there is possibility for you to pay the transortation costs - the outdoor repair is paid by the client. - ELMARK do not take any responsibility for the electricity supply condition, including electric shocks, hypirtension, fuses with a non-standard high conductivity, voltage drops and control syctems for pulse current going out of the settled for products range and pointed in the relevant standards of supply frameworks. Products sold to buyer, but not marked with ELMARK trademark, the current warranty conditions are not valid. General warranty conditins are valid for products sold in Europe. !!! These terms are for end customers, which are using the product for its purpose and not buying it for a trade purpose. Extended warranty conditions are not valid for partners and distributors with which elмаrk has trade contracts. The extended warranty is valid for all products with ELMARK trademark, presented in our catalogues ELMARK lighting and ELMARK electrical, available for downloading at www.elmarkholding.eu and have no label limited offer/until supplies last Users who want to use the extended warranty must: -have purchased ELMARK product after 01.12.2017 -to register the purchase at https://en.elmarkstore.eu/extended-warranty by fill in all the requested fields and push send button. -to make registration up to 14 days after the buying date Extended warranty has same conditions as standard warranty. The warranty is valid just in case if the information provided during registration is correct, and received by ELMARK After registration of the buying, user will receive email with a unique number, which confirms registration. With requesting of the claim within frameworks of extended warranty, the user must present document for the product purchase, email-confirmation of the registration for extended warranty and claimed product itself. Only the buyer can use the extended warranty. No one such as representative, distributor or dealer doesnt have right to change, modify or extend the standard or extended warranty conditions on behalf of ELMARK, no matter of the reasons. ELMARK offers a 10 years standard production warranty. For this product the option of extended warranty is not applied. ELMARK offers a 7 years standard production warranty. For this product the option of extended warranty is not applied. When the purchased product is for industrial usage, its warranty is 3 years. ELMARK offers a 5 years standard production warranty and 2 years extended warranty within a registration of the purchase at the address: https://en.elmarkstore.eu/extended-warranty When the purchased product is for industrial usage, its warranty is 3 years. ELMARK offers a 5 years standard production warranty and 2 years extended warranty within a registration of the purchase at the address: https://en.elmarkstore.eu/extended-warranty ELMARK offers a 3 years standard production warranty and 4 years extended warranty within a registration of the purchase at the address: https://en.elmarkstore.eu/extended-warranty ELMARK offers a 5 year standard production warranty. For this product the option of the extended warranty is not applied. 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ELMARK offers a 2 years standard production warranty and a 1 year extended warranty within a registration of the purchase at the address: https://en.elmarkstore.eu/extended-warranty ELMARK offer a 2 years standard production warranty. For this product the option of the extended warranty is not applied. ELMARK offers a 1 year standard production warranty.For this product the option of the extended warranty is not applied. 16. EXCHANGE POLICY Customer of the webstore is entitled to claim according Exchange policy, published on the website. 17. TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP The ownership of the goods will be transferred after their delivering to the Customer, after the receipt of the payment. Delivery of the goods will be certified with the signature of the Customer. 18. COMMENTS AND REVIEWS 18.1. Comments and Reviews constitute the personal opinion based on first-hand experience. 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Trader reserves the right to change, edit or delete any comment and review published by the Customer on its website. 19.1. Trader shall not be liable for any negligence, consequential damage or damage suffered by the Customer or third parties, occurred as a result of force majeure or those that are beyond of the control of Trader. 19.2. If the Trader is liable, the liability shall be limited to the relevant invoice value of goods. 19.3. The Internet is not protected or error-free environment and the Trader has no liability for any loss or damage resulting from the use of the website. In case of technical failures that may lead to dislocation and posting of wrong information, the Trader will notify the Customer before sending the order. This policy aims to inform you about the ways we, as administrator, handle your personal information, as well as about your right to control these activities. Personal data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable living individual (such as: email address, name and surname, address, age, date of birth, phone number etc.). THE TYPE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT We only collect information you provide to us: name, address, email address, phone number or company information so that we are able to perform our business activities. Ways to collect your personal data that have become part of our data base: - Data from exhibitions; - Data from visit cards; - Data from visits; - Data from recommendations; - Registration for business partnership; - Entering into contracts; - Logging in for newsletters/promotional pamphlets; - Registration of guarantees; - Logging in to online shops; - Purchase of goods; - Filing complaints; - Publicly available information; or - Any other legal means. 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Force majeure is an unforeseen event beyond the control of the parties, which can not be avoided. 21.2. If the event continuous for 14 days, each party may cancel this agreement by serving notice on the other party, without due compensations for any damages.

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- This article is about the fangame Rayman ReDesigner. For the official Rayman game with a similar name, see Rayman Designer. Rayman ReDesigner is an unofficial game featuring a level editor, made by Ryemanni and using the Game Maker engine. It was first made available in January 2021 as a beta before getting a full release during February of the same year. The game uses Rayman Redemption as a foundation for its gameplay and all of its features, and Rayman Designer for its concept as a map editor with playable user-made levels. It received many updates over time, fixing issues and implementing a lot more content, the latest being version 1.4.4 released in 2023. It comes with four levels by default, created by Ryemanni, all of which are available in the game's "BundledLevels" folder. Players can create more or download creations shared online, which include levels, but also custom backgrounds, music, graphics and skins for even more customisation. Rayman Redistributor, a website created by MeekRhino, is dedicated to sharing such content intended for Rayman ReDesigner. It features over a thousand levels as of 2023. Four levels by Ryemanni are featured, which have a small story or description, and they are showcases of what can be achieved through Rayman ReDesigner such as remakes of levels from other games. The first level of the original Rayman game recreated within ReDesigner. A group of mean Space Pirates have arrived to Rayman's world and want to steal all the Electoons. Sound familiar? I don't think so! Infiltrate their mothership and use their own technology against them! Mr. Skops is back and he hasn't slept for over a week. You need to escape his perilous caves before it's too late! Can you survive Mr. Dark's devious obstacle course filled with curses and chaos? Every world theme featured in Rayman Redemption returns in Rayman ReDesigner, plus a new one taken from the 2D prototype of Rayman 2. They are all available to select from the editor, although some have been condensed together into a single extra theme, including the castle in Mr Dark's Dare, Final Showdown, Dark Legacy, Dark Magician's Challenge, and the Rayman 2 Prototype. More graphics have been created or remade for most themes, some of which have been added through updates. - The Dream Forest - Band Land - Blue Mountains - Picture City - The Caves of Skops - Candy Château - Extra (Mr Dark's Dare, Final Showdown, Dark Legacy, Dark Magician's Challenge, Rayman 2 Prototype). Through the layer system, the player can mix and match the environments of any world, also allowing extra decorations beyond the usual textures by having two layers of the same theme. Eight layers are available and their spots can be freely switched in the editor. Most backgrounds and every piece of music from Rayman Redemption return to ReDesigner, and they can be chosen freely no matter the themes picked by the player. Only two default tracks can be picked per section, but a Music mechanism allows for a change to any track when Rayman goes through one of them. This object was originally only intended to play the drum tracks from the PlayStation version of Rayman, but this was changed in the updates released during 2023. Foreground and atmospheric objects are also available to further decorate the player's levels. Custom graphics can be added by the player through PNG files and the Custom Graphic mechanism, allowing for an infinity of possible themes albeit only three layers are available for them. Unlike the other layers, custom graphics can be placed in the foreground, or in the background behind every other type of layer. Rayman ReDesigner's level editor is the main feature of the game and is accessed from the main menu, unlike the original Mapper from Template:Rayman Designer which was a separate program. It also contains a test mode to try out a created section. Keys used in the editor - (Q): Switches between editor and template mode - (R): Moves Rayman's spawn point number 0 to the mouse cursor - (E): Makes objects snap to the grid when moving them within the editor - (P): Reset camera position - (O): Test level - (G): Show grid - (L): Show links - (Home): Opens easter egg dialogue box (type "rdmrt" to unlock eight secret objects) or spawns the secrets directly if the code was already entered during the same session Keys used in test mode - (Esc): Exit test mode - (A): Toggles debug flight - (T): Toggles display for invisible objects, tiles and collision zones The editor is divided in four tabs. Allows to customize a level's characteristics, such as name, description, author, size, starting HP, background, music and the number of sections. Levels can have a minimum size of 480 x 272, and a maximum size of 9600 x 9600. Life points can be adjusted from 1 to 10, although any value is actually possible by directly editing it through the level's text file. This is where the test function can be selected, as well as the save and exit buttons. It also contains a settings menu for the editor itself, allowing to edit the interface's color, the grid's size and the key bindings. The second tab contains the various tiles Rayman and most other entities can interact with. Many collision types are available, such as solid, passthrough, ice, bouncy, sticky, reactionary, damage, instant death or fall, and slope variations for a few types. Water comes in six types with splashes of different colors. Some of the collisions like the magic seed spots and rainbow canvas allow some specific items like magic seed and Paint Fist to function. They can be freely placed regardless of the tilesets. Collisions can only be selected while this tab is open. The tab allowing to place, move or remove layers. It also allows to toggle their visibility in the editor and to select one of the eight tilesets for each layer. The textures can then be selected by showing the template and by taking the desired textures by holding the mouse left's button. They can then be placed in the editor by holding the right button and moving the cursor until all the desired tiles are placed. Placing tiles through this menu will replace the collisions with those already featured by default in the template. Textures can only be selected while this tab is open. A tab which contains the seven object categories, allowing to place the game's various objects and characters, and to edit some of their proprieties such as their ID number for interactions with technical elements. Secrets, however, are not featured in any category and must be placed by repeating the editor's easter egg. Objects can only be selected while this tab is open, including the eight hidden ones. - 1. Items: Features power-ups and most items Rayman can collect. - 2. Utility: Contains many objects and some entities Rayman can interact with, such as exits, Pink Helpers and their red counterparts, checkpoints, size fairies, mounts and more. - 3. Technical: This category provides the various mechanisms allowing to add events to levels, such as trigger zones, levers, an effect turning levels dark, climbing collisions, chaser behaviors, custom graphics and more. - 4. Platforms: Includes all the various platforms Rayman can use and some similar objects. - 5. Obstacles: This category features the many obstacles that can hinder Rayman's progress, also including fluids, Mr Dark's curses and a few pseudo-enemies like Evil Eyes or Flying Spikes. - 6. Enemies: Contains all the enemies, chasers and bosses, and also a few harmless entities like Eye Fishes. - 7. Decoration: Features the decorative characters and objects, including foreground and weather elements. Some items have effects, such as piano keys making sounds when Rayman walks over them, or torches and lightbulbs lighting a small area within any level using the darkness effect. The game plays almost exactly like Rayman Redemption, being a 2D side-scrolling platform game based on Rayman 1. Most objects and entities return from the original Rayman and Rayman Redemption, with some new ones as well, many added through updates. The same goes for most customization options like skins, Ting sound styles and more. Amongst the new features, laser-washing powders from Rayman 3 Hoodlum Havoc return as power-ups instead of cosmetics, including a brand new one called Super Jump, based on the Power Jump Shoes from Rayman: The Dark Magician's Reign of Terror. Many staples from Rayman Designer are brought back such as coloured Tings coming in eight colors, or mechanisms like the Gendoors and Killdoors. Rayman ReDesigner does not feature the difficulty modes of its predecessor and instead provides a toggle for infinite lives in the game's other settings, thus making it possible to emulate Classic and Casual modes and to switch between them at any moment. The rigged power-ups from Demise also return as objects in the editor, and Rayman's health can be reduced to a lower value to replicate this mode. Levels can feature up to 10 parts and are not accessed from a world map, unlike in Rayman Designer and Rayman Redemption. They are instead directly selected as files and can thus be replayed an unlimited number of times. Players have an option to restart a level from the beginning, or to be sent back to the last checkpoint at the cost of a life in case they get stuck in a level. While there are no dialogues or dedicated boss battles in the game, most friends and foes from Rayman Redemption return as either decorative characters or as enemies. This includes some of Redemption's bosses and chasers. Foes chasing Rayman can be assigned some specific actions through mechanisms, such as attacking or jumping. Mr Dark also returns, but only as an obstacle inflicting curses with various effects, including summoning Dark Rayman. Only Darktoon, Tentacle flower, the Big Redbot and the Menace Bomber can be defeated. Every other boss is invincible and will only be eliminated through Killdoors or by falling out of the stage, while Dark Rayman and any of his mounts will only disappear if Rayman makes contact with a Curse Cleaner. Some of the original bosses' attacks are available as separate obstacles or enemies such as Mr Dark's Tall Flames or the Space Pots summoned by Space Mama, and some of their minions such as the Picture City pirates return. Boss battles can be emulated by using the various mechanisms, items and creatures at the player's disposal. - The Magician: The Magician who introduced the story and provided various bonus challenges in Rayman Redemption. He is available both as an exit which can require Magician Tokens and as a decorative character who cannot be interacted with. - The Photographer: This character acts as checkpoint, taking a picture of Rayman to save his progress in the current level. Should Rayman lose a life, he will return to where he last had his picture taken. His photo board can still be customized through skins. - Bzzit: The hostile mosquito befriended by Rayman. He's available as a mount which can be freely controlled in any level, but he can be blocked by Stopsigns. Bzzit cannot be fought by Rayman, although Dark Moskito can appear to chase him if Rayman is riding Bzzit while being pursued by Dark Rayman. - Dinosaur: The Robot Dinosaur from the 2D prototype of Rayman 2. While originally an enemy which could be controlled by riding on its back, the Dinosaur is completely docile in Rayman ReDesigner and allows Rayman to be impervious to damage by mounting it and to spit flames at his enemies. A dark version of it can also appear if Rayman is riding the Dinosaur while being chased by Dark Rayman, although it's not available as a skin or as a separate usable mount. - Betilla: The benevolent floating fairy who helped Rayman in his quest, and who is available as a decorative character and cannot be interacted with. - Tarayzan: A character from The Dream Forest appearing very similar to Rayman and wearing a loincloth, who originally gave Rayman the Magic Seed. He's only available as a decorative character without any interactions, but his Magic Seed is still featured and now has a variation for most themes available. - Monk: A Monk from Gong Heights who originally released the Goldrings into the air. He's available as a decorative character, without any interactions, although his Goldrings still work in the same way as before. - Musician: A musician living high in the Blue Mountains, who loves to play some guitar and who originally granted Rayman the Super Helicopter. Him and his family are available as decorative characters with no interactions. Uniquely, Musician has two separate decorative variations, with one being him without his instrument and the other is himself playing the guitar. His house is also featured in the Blue Mountains theme, and so are its effects available in the decorations. - Painter: A painter originally met in Art Block and who rewarded Rayman with the Paint Fist for bringing back his art kit. He's simply a decorative character in Rayman ReDesigner and his art kit isn't available, unlike the Paint Fist which does return. - Joe: An alien who owns the Eat at Joe's snack bar on the beach of the Caves of Skops and who gave Rayman a Firefly to light the dark and sold him some useful wares. He's only a decorative character, but his bar is also available in The Caves of Skops theme and so are the neon lights available as a decorative object. Most of his technologies are also featured in that theme and as some objects, such as the Ufos, the buoys or the decorative lightbulbs which actually light the dark. - Jack: A friendly jack-in-the-box previously met in The Lair of the Chessmaster in Playtopia, giving Rayman a Toykey to get past his Doors. He's available as a decorative element, while his Doors and Key work as they did in Rayman Redemption - Clown Chef: A clown originally met in Choco Chambers, who allowed Rayman to use his old frying pan in return for fixing his ice-cream machine. He's only a decorative element. While the frying pan is featured in the game, this isn't the case for the ice cream machine or the ice cream it produced. - Darktoon: The ex-right-hand man of Mr Dark who attempted many times to hinder Rayman's progress. Despite becoming a friend after being reduced to a pair of eyes by Mr Dark in Rayman Redemption, he returns as a full-on enemy, being a miniboss who levitates horizontally in the air and shoots magic projectiles at Rayman. He's one of the few returning bosses who can be defeated, being only able to take a few punches from Rayman before flying away like most regular enemies. - Tentacle flower: A miniboss previously encountered in Moskito's Nest. It functions in a very similar way, attacking Rayman by spitting Livingstones and being defeated by a few hits to its mouth before collapsing with a massive final belch. - Moskito: Bzzit's malevolent counterpart, originally the boss of The Dream Forest, returning as a chaser who flies after Rayman while carrying a massive spiky purple fruit. As a flying chaser, he only responds to mechanisms that stop his movement. Despite being Moskito, his icon in the editor uses Bzzit instead, a possible reference to the ambiguity of Moskito having Bzzit's appearance during his chase in Rayman 1. His smaller spiky fruits are available as separate obstacles. - Big Redbot: Also known as the Mad drummer, a boss originating from Bongo Hills and who returns as a miniboss. He does not move but attacks Rayman with his huge maces, which cause energy projectiles to appear. The Big Redbot can be destroyed by taking several hits, but any damage will make him respond with an attack which will additionally spawn lightning bolts aimed at Rayman. - Mr Sax: The original boss of Band Land, a giant walking saxophone who attacks by blowing bad notes. He's available as a chaser, responding to every boss mechanism and attacking with a wrong note whenever he walks through an attack mechanism. His bombs and smaller bad note are available as separate obstacles. - Mr Stone: The boss of the Blue Mountains, an imposing creature made out of rock. He's a chaser with every boss mechanism having an effect on him, the attack one causing him to spit two energy flames from his torso, while his Stone Dogs and Lava Balls are available as separate entities. - Space Mama: A large woman who was the boss of Picture City and used many disguises in a theater setting to fight Rayman. She's available as a chaser in her space suit, reacting to every boss mechanism and using her rolling pin to shoot lasers when attacking. Uniquely, she can switch to a flight mode if encountering an attack mechanism while jumping, resuming her chase by spinning her laser rolling pin while in midair. The Robo Gunner enemy also wears a similar outfit and weapon and most of her minions and projectiles return as separate projectiles. Her minions also take the role of the alien antagonists in They Came From Outer Space. - Mr Skops: A giant scorpion and the original boss of the Caves of Skops. He's a chaser for the first time in Rayman ReDesigner, also being the antagonist of Revenge Of Mr. Skops. He reacts to every boss mechanism and attacks by throwing his telescopic pincer. - Menace Bomber: The boss of Playtopia, he is a green mischievous monkey-like and alien-like who was originally able to split in two. Only the green Menace is featured as a miniboss, being stationary and throwing bombs at Rayman. He can be defeated with a few hits. - Dark Rayman: The result of a curse cast by Mr Dark. He resembles Rayman with a dark palette and mimics every move he makes throughout the stage, even creating dark versions of his mounts to follow him when Rayman is riding Bzzit or the Dinosaur. Rayman must stay on the move as Dark Rayman's touch is lethal. He cannot be fought and can only be defeated by touching a Curse Cleaner or by finishing the stage. He also appears in Curse Chaos. - Mr Dark: Rayman's mysterious arch-nemesis, who originally stole the Great Protoon. He's available in his normal form as six obstacles, each casting a different curse at Rayman. The effects of his powers can only be cancelled by walking through a Curse Cleaner or by reaching an exit. While he cannot be fought, his Tall Flames and most of his minions are available as separate entities. He's also the antagonist in Curse Chaos. - Dark Magician: The antagonist from Rayman: The Dark Magician's Reign of Terror and who also appeared in Dark Magician's Challenge. He's only a decorative character, but his Magic Minions are featured as enemies while his Flint Jail is available in the extra theme. - Some new graphics are similar to visuals from the Welcome to Darkland expansion project, such as the Mr Dark "snowman" in the Candy Château theme. - Many assets from Rayman Redemption are unused despite being in the game's files. This includes bosses like the Bad Cake or their True Boss Rush counterparts.

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The four seasons spring, summer, fall and winter are a primary example. Essay on winter season, paragraph and composition ontaheen. Spring season generally falls in the month of march and ends in june in the northern hemisphere and the timelines are quite. The composition in this raga appear on a total of 29 pages from page numbers 1168 to 1170. Buy spring curtains 2 panels set, wildflower composition with colorful spring season blooms herbs and folaige leaves, window drapes for living room bedroom, 55w x 39l inches, multicolor, by ambesonne at. There is so many reasons why summer is my favorite season of the year but mostly because of the warm weather, spending more time with family, and of course our annual beach trip. In north america, spring by this definition arrives. It begins with september and ends with the advent of february. Fresh buds bloom, animals awaken and the earth seems to come to life again. This is the main difference between essay and composition. Moreover, writing an essay on the spring season will help students understand the season and its wide implications better. A metaphor for life and death and the cycle of life. Le quattro stagioni is a group of four violin concerti by italian composer antonio vivaldi, each of which gives musical expression to a season of the year. Spring curtains 2 panels set, wildflower composition with. Identify the one statement about vivaldis violin concerto in e major the spring that is not correct. The aura of nature turns so so tranquil and serene when spring comes. In spring season, the nights are cold but the days are sunny. This raag encourages the mind to brush away its selfishness, just like spring cleaning removes all the cobwebs and creates a fresh start. The seasons of the year differ in different parts of the world. During this season, days get longer and hotter whereas nights shorter. They are the summer, the rainy season, the autumn, the late autumn, the winter and the spring. The seasons are not just limited to summers and winters but the most pleasure some season is spring. Spring is a good season because it is between winter and summer, temperatures are not too cold and not to hot. The time of the year when flowers bloom and the scent of those flowers surround the atmosphere. Enjoy more time on the mountain this spring, as breck continues to extend their season through memorial day. It is a season comprising two bangla months of poush and magh. Difference between essay and composition compare the. It is generally defined in the northern hemisphere as extending from the vernal equinox day and night equal in length, march 20 or 21, to the summer solstice years longest day, june 21 or 22, and in the southern hemisphere from. This is because astronomical seasons are related to position of the earth relative to the sun. During spring everyday something new is born from a. Future studies need to require dietary intake data and strength measures to test hypotheses relating weight and body composition changes to. During spring the earths axis is at an angle in between our closest and farthest point from the sun. Short paragraph on the season i like most 4 words short essay on. Spring is the only season, where weather is pleasant and nice. In the first line of the novel and once more later in the book. Beautiful seamless spring pattern with green branches green abstract spring background with green to white gradient, circles, dots and abstract sun bokeh design. Students write some paragraphs or full essay on their spring by their. Though my favorite season spring lasts for only two months. Spring season essay in english spring season essay youtube. This season introduces the raining season, because of the heat, water is evaporated and the vapours are safely stored in the atmosphere, in turn. The word season means of the period when a particular kind of climate prevails. The word spring itself is very oriented or regenerative. Spring refers to the season of the year between winter and summer. Most noteworthy, the spring season is a period of rejuvenation and joy. Specifically, summer and winter have extremes which determine change our life during those few. During spring season the earth begins to get warmer due to the. Enjoy spring shredding on our epic peaks, in addition to onmountain activations, live music. Jul, 2019 2 the season falls after the spring and before the autumn. Total body weight and lean mass were lost during the competitive season and although weight did not increase in the off season, body composition, in particular lean mass, showed improvement by spring. It is known as the king of the all seasons and famous as natures youth. Essay on an exciting match complete essay for class 10, class 12 and graduation and other classes. During the rainy season, raincoats and umbrellas are constant companions. Also, the end of spring signals the start of the summer season. Spring, also known as springtime, is one of the four temperate seasons, succeeding winter and preceding summer. In the united states this season is also called fall. After winter the spring season comes with her lovely appearance. The season i like most the spring season composition. Many animals have their breeding seasons in spring. Shower curtain sets free delivery possible on eligible purchases. Spring season essay and paragraph for all level students ontaheen. Spring in many parts of the world, rains for hours. Sep 07, 2016 essay on rani laxmibai complete essay for class 10, class 12 and graduation and other classes. Before the 14th century, spring was called lent in old english. Spring starts in the month of march and ends in the month of may in india. Often people with hay fever suffer more, because some plant pollens are allergens. This video will help you to write an essay on the spring season in english. Basant denotes the changing of the season and the newness of spring. Between winter and summer seasons, there is a short period called spring. Essay on the spring season complete essay for class 10, class. In many parts of the world plants grow and flowers bloom. Spring simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Butterflies, too, to to the flowers and sit on them. In this essay, i will evaluate the reasons supporting and opposing mahjoubs statement as defined in season of migration to the north. For meteorologists, spring in the northern hemisphere begins three weeks before the march equinox on march 1 and ends on may 31. You are comfortable wearing a light jacket outside instead of a heavy warm coat. Essay on spring season spring season essay for children. She is blessed with six seasons, called summer, rains rainy season, autumn, late autumn, winter, and spring. In the northern hemisphere it begins between 19 and 21 march and lasts till the beginning of summer by june. When springs set in, flowers burst into bloom and the earth seems to be smiling. Spring replaces those feelings with fresh and positive energy. Spring season urdu essay mausam bahar ka my favourite season. The season of spring teaches us to be very natural and that being natural is the real beauty which people admire. Spring from the four seasons by vivaldi 844 words 4 pages spring from the four seasons by vivaldi antonio vivaldi. Summer season essay 2 150 words summer season covers the months march, april, may and june. When it is spring in the northern hemisphere, it is autumn in the southern hemisphere and vice versa. In this video we have presented 10 lines on spring season which is known as king of all seasons. As the showers fade away, once again winter sets in. Mar 17, 2016 spring is the season of new beginnings. After a long cold and dry winter, spring comes as a relief as one can enjoy the pleasant temperatures and have nice trips and outings. At the spring or vernal equinox, days and nights are approximately twelve hours long, with daytime length increasing and nighttime length decreasing as the season progresses. Winter season can cause depression and anxiety in many people. Narrative essay on why i love spring examples and samples. To sum up, the spring season is the season where flowers bloom and animals breed, it is also the season where days get longer and the weather gets warmer compared to other seasons. Explore how to write the perfect essay on spring season. As the spring arrives, the nature looks adorable and amazing, there are new leaves on trees which were shed away during winter, new flowers start blooming on the plants. Introduction, contrast with other seasons, condition of nature, advantages, disadvantages, conclusion. In the spring season, the trees are covered with foliage and it becomes a treat for animals and birds living on the trees. Smart essay on the spring season in english youtube. While the calendar says that spring starts on the spring equinox, march 21, and ends at the summer solstice, june 21 or 22, for practical purposes we associate the arrival of warmer air, the melting of snow and rainy weather as signaling the arrival of spring. Nature often reflects the natural order of the universe. How do you write an essay about spring season answers. In the southern hemisphere, it runs from the autumnal equinox in march to the winter solstice in june in many places in the temperate zone, autumn is. Buy ambesonne butterfly shower curtain, composition with leaves and winged animal spring season plant blossom, cloth fabric bathroom decor set with hooks, 75 long, orange brown. Seasonal changes of circulating 25hydroxyvitamin d correlate. Vivaldi published the concerti with accompanying poems that elucidated what it was about those seasons that his music was intended to evoke. In the northern hemisphere, summer is the warmest season of the year. There are various technical definitions of spring, but local usage of the term varies according to local climate, cultures and customs. They were written about 1720 and were published in 1725 amsterdam, together with eight additional violin concerti. You can walk and smell the flowers beginning to flourish. Spring season gives nice feelings, good health and new lives to the plants. It is this season when the earth was honoured by the birth of shri ram chandra. Spring is the season that follows the cold of winter and leads to the transition into summer. Of the four seasons, spring is probably one of the merriest, full of natures beauty. You can also use these lines to write about summer season, 10 sentences on summer season, or essay on summer season in india etc. In the northern hemisphere, it is often said to begin with the autumnal equinox in september and end with the winter solstice in december. Days become longer and weather gets warmer in the temperate zone because the earth tilts relative to its orbital plane around the sun. When spring comes, the fragrance of the flowers spread everywhere. In countries in the temperate zone, like england, the year is divided into four seasons winter december, january and february, spring march, april and may, summer june, july and august and autumn september, october and november. Vector seamless floral spring pattern, fully editable eps 8 file with clipping mask and seamless pattern in swatch menu. It has its own charms making it different from other seasons, and it comes after winters. The temperatures become more moderate and people can say goodbye to the frigid winter and enjoy the. Autumn is the season after summer and before winter. Essay on the spring season complete essay for class 10. Spring season certainly brings with itself many health benefits. It has certain glaring and distinct features of its own in comparison with the other seasons of the year. There are lots of poems and songs based on spring season. Essay on spring season is an important topic from an academic perspective. The first thing i think of when i think of summer is the weather. The color of leaves turn to green from yellow, the leaves on the trees start growing. The time when the chirping birds return and little cute butterflies fly. People turn to be creative during the spring season. There are signs of new life in the fields, gardens, forests and in everything. They loot the essence of flowers and make honey of it. It is also known as season of peace, joy, happiness and colours. Spring, a favorite season for many, is just around the corner. Essay on winter season 150 to 200 words the winter season comes after the autumn season. Winter, spring, summer and fall, each, in their own way, affect various aspects of our lives. Composition on the season you like most englishfor2day. In this few some lines on spring season, you get to know full information about spring season in hindi. Spring season essay 2 150 words spring comes after winter season in the months of march, april and may in india. Butterflies duvet cover set, colorful butterflies tropical. The duration of spring in pakistan is from february to april. You can write essays on the imagery in shakespeares works, spring season, on becoming a doctor and the like. Besides, during this season, people feel like a singing song as surrounding assume wonderful color and shape. Essay on if i were the captain of my school football team complete essay for class 10, class 12 and graduation and other classes. The four seasons, italian le quattro stagioni, group of four violin concerti by italian composer antonio vivaldi, each of which gives a musical expression to a season of the year. Falling under this umbrella is how nature changes with weather and the amount of each days daylight, climate, weather patterns, etc. Dec 24, 2016 spring season essay 5 300 words introduction. At this time the day becomes very short and the night becomes very long. Essay on spring season spring season essay for children and. Officially dubbing the festivities brecks spring finale, carve out time for extended spring skiing and riding beginning april 20. Discover comprehensive 250 and 350word essays with essay writing tips and tricks. It is the hottest season of the year as temperature reaches at its highest point. Autumn simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Bangladesh enjoys six seasons in a year the summer, the rainy season, the autumn, the lateautumn, the winter and the spring. It was the time of the year when plants started springing from the ground. After the intense cold of the winter, the spring arrives with its charm and beauty. In this season everybody feels happy after the intense cold of winter. However, writing the actual essay is where most students fall short. Buy martindecor romantic picnic table cloth ornamental wedding day inspired floral composition spring season design image polyester spillproof water repellent family gathering party holidays, 70 round. It has been described as one of the most written about, and most controversial paintings in the world, and also one of the most popular paintings in western art. Essay on winter season for kids and school students 10. My favourite season depends upon the definition of it. Spring season falls in india in the month of march, april and may between winter and summer season. It feels like, it is the wedding season for nature. On the other hand a composition is any literary piece including an essay. Buy butterflies duvet cover set, colorful butterflies tropical bugs lepidoptera spring season composition, decorative bedding set with pillow shams, pink blue brown, by ambesonne at. Spring season 10 lines on spring season in english my favorite. According to the national association of realtors, spring is the most popular season to sellbuy a house. In our study, lower levels of vitd in winter spring season are rather associated with more balanced microbiome composition in ibd, higher abundance of faecalibacterium prausnitzii in an intestine. Spring, in climatology, season of the year between winter and summer during which temperatures gradually rise. Tablecloths free delivery possible on eligible purchases. It reflects the coming and going of the circumstances of our lives like the glassy surface of a pond that shows our faces radiant with joy or. After a century, the season was referred as springtime and later on shortened to spring. During the season the singing birds sing songs and make environment melodious. Not convinced its your favorite, here are 10 popular reasons that may make you reconsider. They were written around 17161717 and published in 1725 in amsterdam, together with eight additional concerti, as il cimento dellarmonia e dellinventione the contest between harmony and invention. It was said by gary zukav, the coming and going of seasons give us more than the spring times, summers, autumn, and winters of our lives. In spring, nature is as beautiful and charming as a bride. Spring season is considered as the season of hope, rebirth, rejuvenation, and growth. Farmers and gardeners plant their seeds and temperatures slowly rise. In india, it is honored as the king of the seasons. Spring and springtime refer to the season, and also to ideas of rebirth, rejuvenation, renewal, resurrection and regrowth. Spring season comes after winter and is the most pleasant season. It is neither cold nor very hot, the weather is moderate with pleasant. Dec 14, 2018 these points from the set of ten lines on spring season also play an important role for students to write short paragraphs, and any other form of writings stipulated as assignment by their academics. In spring season every plant start grow specially the flowers. Everyone like going out and enjoying the sun in the mornings and the cool and pleasant breeze in the night time. Spring is the season after winter and before summer. It is often a welcome weather following months of winters chill. Similarities and differences between autumn and spring there is exquisite beauty in the seasons of autumn and spring. May 21, 2011 it can be a descriptive narration of an event, preferably a historical event too. Changes in body composition in division i football players. There are also distinctions which allow each season to stand out on its own. It begins with the basant panchami in february and continues up to the end of march.1143 305 1362 554 913 580 1245 1322 1263 129 318 1022 176 1175 1025 1018 480 1150 97 1410 1291 835 774 610 135 957 654 1366 169 988 553 575 1395 420 745 1049 1319 1108 1236

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Air fryers have gained immense popularity as versatile kitchen appliances that can cook a wide range of foods with less oil, resulting in healthier and crispy results. One common question that arises when using an air fryer is whether it’s possible to stack food inside the cooking chamber. While stacking food can be convenient when cooking multiple items simultaneously, it’s essential to understand the considerations and techniques involved to achieve optimal results. In this article, we will explore the topic of stacking food in an air fryer, discussing the important factors to keep in mind to ensure even cooking, proper airflow, and delicious outcomes. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced air fryer user, these tips will help you make the most out of your cooking adventures with stacked food in an air fryer. How does an air fryer cook food? An air fryer cooks food by utilizing rapid air circulation and high heat. It contains a heating element and a powerful fan that circulates hot air within the cooking chamber. When you place food inside the air fryer basket or tray, the hot air rapidly surrounds the ingredients, creating a convection effect. This circulating hot air transfers heat to the food, cooking it from all angles. The intense heat and airflow help to mimic the effects of deep frying, resulting in a crispy exterior on the food. The design of the air fryer allows for efficient and quick cooking, often requiring less oil compared to traditional deep frying methods. This makes it a popular choice for those seeking healthier cooking alternatives without compromising on taste and texture. Can you stack food in an air fryer? Yes, you can stack certain foods in an air fryer, but it’s important to do so correctly to ensure successful cooking. Here are some key points to consider when stacking foods in an air fryer: - Similar Cooking Times: When stacking foods, choose ingredients that have similar cooking times and temperature requirements. This ensures that all the items cook evenly and are ready at the same time. If you’re cooking different ingredients with varying cooking times, you may need to stagger their placement or remove certain items earlier to prevent overcooking. - Proper Air Circulation: Air fryers work by circulating hot air around the food to cook it. To achieve even cooking, it’s important to allow proper airflow. Avoid overcrowding the air fryer basket or tray, as this can obstruct the air circulation and result in unevenly cooked food. Arrange the food in a single layer as much as possible, leaving some space between the items to allow hot air to circulate freely. - Toss and Flip: While stacking food, it’s beneficial to toss or flip the ingredients during the cooking process. This helps expose different sides of the food to the hot air, promoting even cooking. Tossing or flipping can be especially useful when cooking items like fries, chicken wings, or vegetables. - Considerations for Crispy Texture: If you’re looking for a crispy texture, stacking food may affect the final result. Foods that are stacked may not get as crispy on the sides that are in contact with each other. It’s worth keeping this in mind and adjusting your expectations accordingly. How to stack food in an air fryer? Stacking food in an air fryer is a straightforward process. The only thing you should be very careful about is the airflow because an air fryer works mainly by circulating hot air; if this flow is compromised, the food will remain raw. To stack foods in an air fryer effectively, follow these simple steps: Choose compatible ingredients Select foods that have similar cooking times and temperature requirements. This ensures even cooking and prevents over or undercooking. Arrange in a single layer Place the first layer of food in the air fryer basket or tray, making sure to leave some space between the pieces. Avoid overcrowding to allow proper airflow and ensure crispy results. Add subsequent layers If you need to stack additional food, carefully place it on top of the first layer. Again, make sure to leave space between the items and avoid compressing the food too tightly. Toss or flip during cooking To promote even cooking, gently toss or flip the stacked food items during the cooking process. This helps expose different sides to the circulating hot air, resulting in uniformly cooked food. Monitor cooking times Keep an eye on the cooking times and adjust if necessary. Some ingredients may require longer or shorter cooking durations, so stagger the placement or remove items as needed to achieve desired doneness. What is the best way to stack food in an air fryer? The best ways to stack the food in an air fryer are written below; Stacking the food using racks in an air fryer is a great way to maintain the airflow. The tiny pores in the stands and the gap between the pieces allow the hot air to flow and cook the food properly. These stainless steel racks usually come along the air fryers as an accessory. You can also buy them from the local stores. These racks are easy and safe to use. You can wash them with cleaning agents or in the dishwasher. Cook food in batches Instead of cooking large pieces of food in the fryer, divide the food into 2 or 3 batches to ensure evenly and faster cooking. Undoubtedly, batch cooking is time-consuming, especially if you have a large family. However, to enjoy the best quality and taste of food, you have to make this sacrifice. Buy a large air fryer. An oversized air fryer is an excellent option because it has more capacity and cooking functions that allow you to cook food more efficiently and nicely. You can stack more food in a large air fryer than in ordinary ones. Besides, you can cook two foods at once due to the stainless steel racks. How to use airfryer stacking racks? Using air fryer racks can be a great way to maximize the cooking capacity and versatility of your air fryer. Here’s a short and concise guide on how to use air fryer racks effectively: - Place the air fryer rack inside the cooking chamber of the air fryer. - Arrange the food items on the rack in a single layer, leaving space between each item for proper air circulation. - Ensure that the rack is stable and secure inside the air fryer to prevent it from shifting during cooking. - Set the cooking time and temperature according to the recipe or the desired doneness of the food. - During the cooking process, periodically check on the food and rotate the rack if necessary to promote even cooking. - Once the food is cooked to your desired level, carefully remove the rack from the air fryer using oven mitts or tongs. - Let the food cool for a few minutes before serving, as the rack may retain heat. - Clean the air fryer rack thoroughly according to the manufacturer’s instructions, ensuring it is completely dry before storing it for future use. Do you have to flip flop an air fryer while using racks? When using racks in an air fryer, flipping or flipping the food items is not always necessary. The primary purpose of using racks is to allow better airflow and ensure even cooking on all sides of the food. However, depending on the specific recipe or the nature of the food being cooked, flipping or rotating the food on the racks can be beneficial. Flipping can help promote even browning and crispy texture, particularly for items like chicken wings or fries. If you notice uneven cooking or want to achieve a more uniform result, you can consider flipping or rotating the food items on the racks halfway through the cooking process. However, for some foods, flipping may not be required, and they can cook perfectly without any intervention. Can you double stack foods in an air fryer? In general, it is not recommended to double stack foods in an air fryer. Double stacking can hinder proper airflow and result in uneven cooking. The hot air needs to circulate freely around the food to ensure even browning and crispiness. To achieve the best results, it’s advisable to arrange the food in a single layer, leaving some space between each piece for optimal air circulation. If you need to cook a larger quantity of food, consider cooking it in multiple batches instead of double stacking, ensuring each batch has enough space for the hot air to circulate. How much food should you put in an air fryer? Usually, the air fryers come with a line on the basket indicating the fryer’s maximum limit. By keeping the line in consideration, you can fill the basket of the air fryer with food. Air fryers are available in different sizes and ranges. For example, some fryers are for small families like 2-3 people, and some are for large families with large meal capacities. Most cooking experts recommend stacking food in batches no matter if you have a large fryer or a small one because when you toss large pieces of food together in the fryer, the heating element will start wearing off and burn the food quickly. Moreover, if you are air frying frozen meat or french fries, fry in batches. It will allow the hot air to move properly and make the outer layer crispy. How full can you fill your air fryer? The recommended fill level for an air fryer can vary depending on the specific model and manufacturer’s instructions. However, as a general guideline, it is typically recommended to fill an air fryer basket or tray with food up to around 75% of its total capacity. This allows enough space for proper air circulation and ensures that the food cooks evenly. Overfilling an air fryer can impede the air circulation, resulting in uneven cooking and potentially longer cooking times. Therefore, it’s important to refer to the instruction manual or guidelines provided by the manufacturer for the specific fill level recommendations for your air fryer model. Can you overload an air fryer? Overloading the air fryer with food is not a great idea because every machine has its limit, and when you exceed that limit, it doesn’t work properly. When you fill the bucket of the air fryer with food, it blocks the airflow and starts damaging the appliance. Moreover, if you stack too much food in the air fryer, the hot air will be unable to circulate in the bucket and keep the food raw. In some cases, the hot air burns the surface of food and makes it tasteless. You should avoid overcrowding the air fryer if you want to enjoy an evenly cooked, delectable meal. Can you stack chicken wings in an air fryer? Yes, you can stack the chicken wings in the air fryer. Chicken wings are a delicious treat to satiate the cravings and serve the guest as a starter before the main course. In addition, it is easy to make and consumes significantly less time. Preparation of golden crispy fried chicken wings with a soft interior becomes even easier with the help of an air fryer. You can prepare it within a few minutes with little or no effort. Like conventional ovens, air fryers work by circulating hot air inside. All you have to do is; oil the fryer lightly and stack the chicken wings. Make sure the wings are uneven in shape and firm to avoid airflow disruption. Start cooking the wings. Do not forget to flip the sides at least 2-3 times to ensure even cooking and good texture. Apart from this, many cooking experts recommend cooking the chicken wings in two batches. The reason is the air fryer cooks by moving hot air, which makes the wings crispier quickly. Which thing can you stack in an air fryer? Generally, the ingredients you can stir, shake, turn & separate easily, and don’t block the airflow inside the air fryer are allowed to stack in layers. The most common foods that you can stack in an air fryer are as follows; - French fries - Fruit slices - Chicken wings - Mozzarella sticks - Spring rolls - Baking goods Which things cannot be stacked in an air fryer? The foods that are not suitable for stacking in the air fryer are as follows; - Pork chops - Chicken breasts - Large pieces of beef How to keep food from sticking to the racks? To prevent food from sticking to the racks in an air fryer, you can follow these tips: - Lightly coat the racks: Before placing the food on the racks, lightly coat them with a thin layer of cooking oil or non-stick spray. This helps create a barrier and reduces the chances of sticking. - Use parchment paper or silicone mats: Consider placing a piece of parchment paper or a silicone mat on the racks before adding the food. These liners provide an additional non-stick surface, making it easier to remove the food without sticking. - Flip or rotate the food: During the cooking process, occasionally flip or rotate the food items on the racks. This helps prevent them from adhering to the racks and promotes even cooking. - Avoid overcrowding: Ensure that you don’t overcrowd the racks, leaving sufficient space between the food items. Overcrowding can lead to steam buildup and increase the chances of sticking. Cook in multiple batches if needed. - Let it cool before removing: Once the cooking is complete, allow the food to cool for a few minutes before removing it from the racks. This can help prevent the food from tearing or sticking to the racks. What are some common problems you encounter while stacking foods? While stacking foods in an air fryer, there are a few common problems that may arise: Stacking food too closely together can obstruct proper airflow, leading to uneven cooking. The portions of food in direct contact with each other may not receive sufficient heat, resulting in undercooked or less crispy sections. Extended cooking time When stacking foods, especially if they are densely packed, it can increase the overall cooking time. The heat may have a harder time penetrating through the layers, requiring additional time for the food to cook thoroughly. If there is excessive moisture in the ingredients, stacking them can trap the steam, leading to a higher chance of the food becoming soggy. This is particularly common with foods that release a lot of moisture during cooking, such as vegetables or certain meats. Difficulty in flipping or turning When you need to flip or rotate the food during cooking, stacking can make it challenging to access the individual pieces. This can be inconvenient and may require some careful maneuvering to ensure all sides of the food are evenly cooked. Is it good to stack foods in an airfryer? While it is possible to stack foods in an air fryer, it is generally not ideal to do so. Stacking foods can impede proper airflow, leading to uneven cooking and potentially longer cooking times. It can also increase the risk of foods sticking together or becoming soggy. To ensure the best results, it is generally recommended to arrange food in a single layer, allowing for optimal air circulation and even browning. Frequently Asked Questions Can you cook two foods at once in an air fryer? Yes, you can cook two foods at once in an air fryer. For example, most people cook nuggets, french fries, hot wings, and fish sticks together in the fryer. For cooking two food items together in the fryer, all you need is a divider in the basket or air fryer racks. Arrange the food items in such a way that they don’t disturb the airflow. Set the timer and let the food cook. If you are cooking the food using air fryer racks, there is no need to flip the sides because the tiny pores in the racks allow food to cook evenly. Should you cook food in a single layer only? No, it depends on your choice. Like other cooking appliances, you can cook multiple foods in an air fryer at once. Though, when you cook food in various layers, it takes very much time, and the food is not evenly cooked. The professionals recommend cooking food in a single layer if you want to prepare it quickly and nicely with proper airflow. How many racks can you fit in the air fryer? Usually, the number of racks that you can fit in the air fryer depends upon the size of the air fryer. Some fryers are tall and some are wide. So, you can put as many racks as your air fryer can easily handle. For instance, if the air fryer is small, it can easily handle 2 racks whereas if it is large, you can fit 3-4 racks in it. While arranging the racks, make sure there is enough space between the racks and a considerable gap between the foods to ensure proper airflow. What is the most giant air fryer? The 16-quart air fryer is the largest one for prominent families. Moreover, it has a fantastic design that makes it durable and exceptional. Unlike other air fryers, 16-quart air fryers have a large food capacity. Therefore, you can cook multiple foods at once in this air fryer. Besides, it has more cooking functions like grilling, baking, frying, roasting, etc. This air fryer is available at a reasonable price. So, you can buy this from any of your favorite brands. Can you air fry frozen things? Yes, you can air fry frozen foods. Air fryers are designed to cook frozen items, such as frozen fries, chicken nuggets, or vegetables, without the need for defrosting. The hot circulating air in the air fryer helps cook the frozen foods quickly and evenly, resulting in crispy and delicious results. Does the air fryer cook top to bottom first? No, air fryers do not specifically cook top to bottom first. The hot air in an air fryer circulates around the food, cooking it from all sides simultaneously. The circulating air ensures even cooking and helps achieve a crispy exterior while cooking the interior of the food thoroughly. Air fryers provide a versatile and convenient cooking method for a variety of foods. While stacking foods in an air fryer is possible, it is generally recommended to arrange them in a single layer to ensure even cooking and optimal results. By following proper guidelines, such as considering cooking times, maintaining proper airflow, and avoiding overcrowding, you can maximize the potential of your air fryer and enjoy deliciously cooked meals with ease. I’m Eshé the lady behind the blog. That’s me cooking on the set of The Hairy Bikers. I LOVE food and I don’t mean I really like it. I mean my whole world revolves around it.

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Ultimately, the best maintenance schedule for your commercial refrigeration equipment should be determined in consultation with professionals like Hello Refrigeration. We offer tailored maintenance plans that take into account your specific needs and usage patterns. Our team can help you determine the optimal frequency for maintenance to keep your equipment operating at peak performance, reduce the risk of costly breakdowns, and extend its lifespan. Yes, at Hello Refrigeration, we understand that commercial refrigeration emergencies can happen at any time, often when you least expect them. A malfunctioning refrigeration system can jeopardize food safety, lead to inventory loss, and disrupt your business operations. That’s why we offer prompt and reliable emergency repair services for commercial refrigeration systems. Our team of highly skilled technicians is available 24/7 to address your urgent refrigeration needs. Whether it’s a freezer malfunction, a walk-in cooler breakdown, or any other refrigeration issue, we have the expertise to diagnose and resolve the problem quickly and efficiently. When you encounter a refrigeration emergency, it’s crucial to act swiftly to minimize downtime and prevent potential financial losses. With Hello Refrigeration’s emergency repair services, you can trust that your equipment will be back in working order as soon as possible, ensuring the preservation of your inventory and the safety of your food products. We prioritize rapid response times and effective solutions to get your commercial refrigeration system up and running, providing peace of mind and minimal disruption to your business. Contact Hello Refrigeration for emergency repair services to address any commercial refrigeration issues promptly, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Your satisfaction and business success are our top priorities. At Hello Refrigeration, we specialize in repairing a wide range of commercial refrigeration equipment to meet the diverse needs of businesses in the food industry. Our experienced technicians have the knowledge and expertise to service various types of refrigeration equipment, ensuring your operations run smoothly. Here are some of the key equipment categories we specialize in repairing: - Walk-In Coolers and Freezers: We excel in the repair of walk-in refrigeration units, including coolers and freezers commonly used by restaurants, grocery stores, and food service establishments. - Reach-In Refrigerators and Freezers: Our technicians are well-versed in repairing reach-in refrigeration units, ensuring precise temperature control and optimal cooling performance. - Display Cases: We can service refrigerated display cases commonly found in supermarkets and convenience stores, ensuring that your products remain attractively presented and at the right temperature. - Ice Machines: We provide expert repairs for commercial ice machines, addressing issues such as ice production problems, unusual ice quality, or machine malfunctions. - Blast Chillers: Our team can efficiently repair blast chillers and shock freezers often used in professional kitchens for rapid cooling and food preservation. - Refrigerated Prep Tables: We specialize in repairing refrigerated prep tables frequently found in restaurants and food preparation areas. - Commercial Refrigeration Units: Our expertise extends to a wide array of commercial refrigeration units used in the food service industry. No matter the type or size of your refrigeration equipment, Hello Refrigeration is your trusted partner for professional repairs. Our commitment to service excellence ensures that your equipment operates efficiently, safely, and reliably. Contact us for expert commercial refrigeration repair services to keep your business running smoothly. Determining whether to repair or replace a malfunctioning refrigeration system is a critical decision for businesses. Several factors should be considered in this evaluation: - Age of the System: Older systems may be more prone to breakdowns and less energy-efficient. If your system is nearing the end of its lifespan, replacement may be more cost-effective in the long run. - Repair Costs: Evaluate the cost of repairing the current system. If the repair costs are substantial and recurrent, it may be more economical to invest in a new, energy-efficient system. - Energy Efficiency: Newer refrigeration systems are typically more energy-efficient, which can lead to lower operational costs. Over time, the energy savings can offset the initial investment in replacement. - Refrigerant Compatibility: If your current system uses outdated or environmentally harmful refrigerants, upgrading to a more modern, eco-friendly system may be a wise decision. - Business Needs: Consider whether your current system meets your business needs. If your requirements have changed or if you anticipate growth, a larger or more advanced system may be necessary. - Maintenance History: Regular maintenance can extend the life of a refrigeration system. If your system has been well-maintained and has a relatively young age, repair may be the more cost-effective option. Ultimately, the decision to repair or replace a malfunctioning refrigeration system should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering factors like cost, energy efficiency, and system compatibility. Hello Refrigeration can assist in this decision-making process, providing expert advice to ensure your choice aligns with your budget and business goals. Our team offers professional commercial refrigeration repair, installation, and maintenance services to help you make an informed decision and keep your refrigeration system in top condition. Yes, at Hello Refrigeration, we stand behind the quality of our commercial refrigeration repair services with confidence. We understand that your commercial refrigeration equipment is crucial to the success of your business, and we are committed to delivering top-notch repair solutions. To provide you with peace of mind and assurance, we offer warranties and guarantees on our repair services. Our warranties typically cover both the parts and labor involved in the repair process. This means that if any issues arise due to the repair work, we will rectify them promptly at no additional cost to you. We take pride in the skill and expertise of our technicians, ensuring that the repairs are not only effective but also durable. Our guarantees reflect our commitment to your satisfaction. We aim to exceed your expectations with every repair job we undertake. If, for any reason, you are not fully satisfied with our repair services, we will work diligently to resolve the issue to your complete satisfaction. We are dedicated to building long-lasting relationships with our clients, and our warranties and guarantees are a testament to our confidence in our ability to deliver exceptional commercial refrigeration repair services. When you choose Hello Refrigeration, you’re choosing a reliable partner that is invested in the success of your business. Contact us for expert commercial refrigeration repair services backed by our commitment to quality and customer satisfaction. Can you assist with improving the energy efficiency of my commercial refrigeration system during repairs? Absolutely! At Hello Refrigeration, we are not only dedicated to repairing your commercial refrigeration system but also to enhancing its energy efficiency. We recognize the importance of energy-efficient equipment for your business’s bottom line and the environment. Here’s how we can help: - Expert Assessment: Our experienced technicians conduct a thorough assessment of your refrigeration system during the repair process. This includes evaluating the condition of components, refrigerant levels, and insulation. - Up-to-Date Solutions: We stay informed about the latest energy-efficient technologies and refrigerants. If your system is outdated, we can recommend upgrades and replacements that are more eco-friendly and cost-effective. - Sealing and Insulation: Proper sealing and insulation are crucial for maintaining temperature control and reducing energy waste. We address any issues with seals or insulation during the repair process. - Optimal Settings: We ensure that your refrigeration system is calibrated to the ideal temperature and operating settings to minimize energy consumption while preserving food safety. - Preventative Maintenance: Our team can also set up a preventative maintenance plan to keep your system running efficiently, saving you money on energy bills in the long run. By choosing Hello Refrigeration for your commercial refrigeration repair needs, you’re making a smart investment in both the immediate functionality and long-term energy efficiency of your equipment. Our goal is to help your business run smoothly while reducing your environmental footprint. Contact us for expert commercial refrigeration repair services that prioritize energy efficiency and cost savings. What are the most common causes of refrigerant leaks in commercial refrigeration systems, and how do you address them? Refrigerant leaks in commercial refrigeration systems can be a significant concern, affecting both system performance and the environment. The most common causes of refrigerant leaks include: - Wear and Tear: Over time, the various components of a refrigeration system can develop wear and tear, leading to small leaks. - Vibration and Movement: Vibrations or movements in the system, especially during transportation, can damage refrigerant lines and connections. - Corrosion: Exposure to moisture and certain chemicals can cause corrosion in the system, leading to leaks. - Poor Installation: Inadequate installation practices can result in refrigerant leaks, including improperly sealed connections or over-tightened fittings. - Age of the System: Older refrigeration systems are more prone to developing leaks as the materials degrade with time. To address these issues, Hello Refrigeration follows a systematic approach: - Detection: We employ advanced leak detection tools to pinpoint the source of the leak accurately. - Repair: Once identified, we repair the leak using industry-best practices, including sealing connections, replacing damaged components, and addressing corrosion. - Testing: After repairs, we thoroughly test the system to ensure the leak is successfully resolved and the system operates efficiently. - Preventative Measures: We can provide advice on preventative measures to minimize the risk of future leaks, such as regular maintenance, proper installation, and corrosion protection. By addressing refrigerant leaks promptly and effectively, Hello Refrigeration ensures that your commercial refrigeration system operates optimally, conserving energy and refrigerant, while also safeguarding the environment. Our team is committed to eco-friendly practices and ensuring the longevity of your equipment. How do I prevent future breakdowns and extend the lifespan of my commercial refrigeration equipment? Preventing future breakdowns and prolonging the lifespan of your commercial refrigeration equipment is essential for maintaining business operations and reducing costly repairs. Here are some strategies to help you achieve this: - Regular Maintenance: Schedule routine maintenance with Hello Refrigeration. Our expert technicians will inspect and service your equipment, identifying potential issues before they become major problems. - Cleaning and Defrosting: Keep the condenser coils, evaporator coils, and other components clean and free of ice buildup. Regularly defrosting freezer units can help maintain optimal performance. - Temperature Control: Ensure your equipment operates within the recommended temperature range to prevent overworking the system and reduce wear and tear. - Proper Loading: Avoid overloading refrigeration units, as this can obstruct airflow and strain the compressor. Adequate spacing around equipment for ventilation is also crucial. - Seal Inspections: Regularly check and replace worn or damaged seals on doors and lids to maintain proper insulation and prevent temperature fluctuations. - Upkeep of Fans and Motors: Ensure that fans and motors are in good working condition, as they are vital for maintaining airflow and temperature control. - Refrigerant Levels: Regularly check and maintain the proper refrigerant levels to avoid stress on the compressor and ensure efficient cooling. - Training and Best Practices: Educate your staff on best practices for handling and loading food into refrigeration equipment to avoid damaging the components. By implementing these preventative measures and partnering with Hello Refrigeration for professional maintenance, you can significantly extend the lifespan of your commercial refrigeration equipment and reduce the risk of unexpected breakdowns. Our goal is to help your business run smoothly and efficiently, protecting your investment and ensuring food safety. Contact us for expert commercial refrigeration repair, installation, and maintenance services tailored to your specific needs. What steps can I take to ensure food safety and regulatory compliance in my commercial kitchen with a repaired refrigeration system? Ensuring food safety and regulatory compliance in your commercial kitchen is paramount, especially when you have a repaired refrigeration system in place. Here are key steps to help you maintain food safety and adhere to regulations: - Temperature Monitoring: Continuously monitor and record the temperatures of your refrigeration units. Invest in temperature monitoring devices and regularly check the accuracy of thermostats to ensure food is stored at the proper temperature. - Organization: Properly label and date all food items, and store them in a way that allows for good airflow and prevents cross-contamination. Regularly rotate stock to use older items first. - Regular Cleaning: Maintain a rigorous cleaning schedule for both the interior and exterior of your refrigeration equipment. Pay close attention to gaskets, shelving, and evaporator coils. - Staff Training: Ensure that your staff is well-trained in food safety protocols, including proper handling, storage, and disposal of food items. Educate them on the importance of reporting any issues with refrigeration immediately. - Emergency Response Plan: Have a documented plan in place for addressing refrigeration system failures or power outages. This includes steps for transferring food to alternative storage or contacting a repair service promptly. - Regulatory Compliance: Familiarize yourself with local health department regulations and the FDA’s Food Code to ensure that you are in compliance. Regularly review and update your processes as necessary. - Professional Maintenance: Schedule regular maintenance with Hello Refrigeration to keep your refrigeration system in peak condition and avoid potential breakdowns that could compromise food safety. By following these steps and partnering with Hello Refrigeration for expert commercial refrigeration repair and maintenance, you can safeguard food safety, maintain regulatory compliance, and protect your reputation. Our team is dedicated to helping you run a successful and safe food service operation. Need help With Your Commercial Freezer Repair in Bothell, WA? Contact Us for your Freezer Repair Needs Be sure to reach out and call us if you have any more questions or concerns. We would be happy to help.

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You might be at that position where the computer printer at your small business is “on its last legs” or becoming impossible to run economically. On the other hand, you may find you are working your existing printer harder and need to consider a machine that is suited to your current workload. Similarly, as the end of the financial year approaches, you will face advertising from computer resellers and retailers; and office-supply stores for technology like printers at very enticing prices, usually to allow businesses to buy capital equipment that can be quickly offset against their income for tax purposes. This can become more intense whenever the government announces significant tax breaks for business owners when they purchase capital equipment. At this point, you could easily make a mistake concerning the purchase of a printer and end up buying the wrong machine for your needs. I have prepared this buyers’ guide so you can be sure you are getting the right printer to suit your business’s needs and be able to use a machine that gives you more “bang for the buck”. A laser printer uses a xerographic dry-printing mechanism to print the image to the paper, in a similar way to how the classic photocopier worked. But they use a laser or, in cheaper printers, an LED to illuminate the photostatic drum with the computer-generated image to be printed. Colour laser printers use four of these mechanisms to imprint the four colours and some cheaper versions may use only one drum and four toners to print the same page; which will take longer to come out. This class of printer is typically known for printing many copies of “press-quality” documents and has started the “desktop-publishing” revolution. It is worth knowing that some laser printers will use a cartridge which has an integrated drum as well as the toner supply while others like most of the Brother range will use a separately-replaceable drum unit. With the latter model, you may have to factor in the cost of the drum unit which will occur later on in the machine’s life; usually after 17000-25000 pages. Business Inkjet printers This class of inkjet printer is pitched primarily at business users and uses high-capacity cartridges and is optimised for a high duty cycle. They will also have business-target functionality like advanced fax functionality and the ability to work with advanced networks. Consumer Inkjet printers Typically this class of network printer will be optimised for photographic printing and have inks that reproduce photos well. But on the other hand, they will be optimised for a low duty cycle with low-capacity ink cartridges. If they have fax functionality, this functionality will be very basic and as far as network connectivity is concerned, these printers will be suited to a basic small network. Buying dilemmas that a business owner can face As a business owner, you may face some buying dilemmas when you choose certain printers. This is especially as manufacturers design printers, especially multifunction printers, that effectively have similar capabilities to others of a different class. Here, the prices for the machines are similar and they may have similar print speeds or functionalities. But there may be certain key differences like the cost to run the machine or the machine’s prowess at particular print jobs. The two main examples of this are: a high-end fax-equipped consumer inkjet multifunction like the HP Photosmart Premium Fax C410a ( an ePrint-enabled successor to the HP Photosmart Premium Fax C309a full-duplex inkjet printer) and a network-capable business inkjet multifunction like the HP OfficeJet 6500A Series; or a high-end business inkjet multifunction like the HP OfficeJet Pro 8500 Series and en entry-level colour laser multifunction like the HP Colour LaserJet Pro CM1415fnw. High-end consumer inkjet vs a business inkjet A high-end consumer inkjet printer will be optimised for photo printing whereas a low-end networkable business inkjet will be primarily targeted at printing large runs of documents. This will affect ink-cartridge capacity, machine durability, functionality and printer throughput in many ways. The former printer will typically have five or more inks and these inks will typically be in lower-capacity cartridges which need replacing more often than the four inks used in a low-end business inkjet printer. I would still suggest that businesses prefer the models with separately-replaceable ink cartridges because each ink can be replaced as needed. As well, these consumer-level printers will typically have functions that make it easier to print pictures directly from a digital camera whether it’ is “tethered” by a USB cable or one takes the “film” (memory card) out of the camera. Some of these printers may offer the ability to print from a mobile phone via Bluetooth whether through integrated circuitry or an optional Bluetooth module. It may be worth knowing that some business-level inkjets are acquiring this kind of functionality but most of these printers won’t turn out the high-quality prints from digital cameras. Here, this functionality may be useful for applications where print quality doesn’t matter like hardcopy proofs that are used for “shortlisting” pictures for a project. I would consider the premium consumer-level inkjet printer as a business printer if you rely on it for turning out high-quality digital prints whether from your PC or your digital camera and don’t do much printing on it. If you want the best of both worlds, you could get by with a dedicated photo-optimised printer for photographic jobs and a business-grade multifunction printer for regular business printouts. High-end business inkjet vs an entry-level colour laser An example of this situation is HP’s OfficeJet Pro 8500a inkjet and the HP Colour LaserJet Pro CM1415fnw. These printers have a similar throughput to each other when printing pages and also turn out a similar copy quality for the documents that are printed. It doesn’t matter whether the documents are ordinary text documents or documents filled with graphics. There may be some glaring functionality differences like the support for duplex operation or memory type. In this example, the OfficeJet Pro 8500a had “full duplex” functionality where it could print on both sides of a sheet of paper and scan both sides of a printed document whereas the LaserJet Pro CM1415fnw could only print or scan one side of a page. Conversely, the LaserJet Pro used flash memory for its fax-related features like no-paper receive, “fax vault” or send-later while the OfficeJet Pro used regular RAM memory for the same functions. The cost-per-page for an entry-level colour laser printer is slightly cheaper than a high-end business inkjet that is fed the high-capacity cartridges although manufacturers like HP are implementing ink cartridges in these printers that have a similar or better cost-per-page to the laser printers. On the other hand, the inkjet is more flexible with print media than the laser because it doesn’t use any heat to bond the marking material to the paper. This can make it useful for printing short-run documents to glossy material or printing out labels and transparencies. Dedicated printer vs multifunction printers An increasing number of printers on the market, like most of the printers I have reviewed on this site, are of the “multifunction” type with a built-in scanner mechanism. Here, these printers will be able to scan to the computer or work as convenience light-duty photocopiers. Most of the business-focused multifunction printers are able to work as fax machines and these units typically are equipped with an automatic document feeder. Compare this with the dedicated printers which just print from a computer. This class of printer is typically represented by laser printers or some photo-grade inkjet printers pitched at the graphic arts users. A multifunction printer can work well as an all-round “workhorse” printer for most office applications whereas a dedicated printer can serve “infill” requirements that the multifunction cannot achieve. For example, you could use a colour inkjet multifunction printer as the main office printer in a doctor’s office while you have a monochrome laser printer turning out health-insurance forms and accounts that are part of the workflow. Similarly, you could use an A3 colour inkjet printer for turning out plans, signs and similar documents while you use a regular A4 multifunction for regular printing needs. Features worthy of note A feature that is becoming common amongst a lot of printers is auto-duplex printing. Here, the printer is able to automatically “flip” the page to print on the reverse side of the paper. This has become popular as a paper-saving measure but some of us may find it of value as a desktop-publishing benefit. This is demonstrably so with laser printers like the Brother HL4150CDN colour laser that I recently reviewed. Here, the printer can print “to the edge” yet work on both sides of the page. As well, laser printers don’t have to “dwell” for up to 15 seconds to allow the ink to dry, thus it doesn’t have significant impact on print speed. Infact the previously-mentioned Brother printer could work both sides of two pages at once and with this, there is effectively no throughput penalty if you intend to do duplex or booklet printing. Some inkjet printers, namely HP printers, may require a non-printed margin at the top and bottom of the page for auto-duplex printing. This is perceived to permit reliable paper handling but can be a problem if you intend to print landscape documents or “work to the edge” in your documents. It is also worth noting that some printers such as cheaper high-throughput colour lasers may only be able to use this function for the common document paper sizes like A4 or Letter. At the moment, it is worth noting that not many of these colour laser printers that have auto-duplex printing can print on both sides of small-page “flyer-size” documents like A5, DL or postcard. This is usually because the auto-duplex mechanisms are not able to reliably push the small sheets of paper through the colour laser printing mechanism in order to print on both sides of the flyer. It may be worth knowing that some high-end A4 multifunction printers will be likely to have “full duplex” functionality. This means that they will have auto-duplex printing as well as an automatic document feeder that can scan both sides of a page. This typically leads to functions like automatic “both-sides” copying and faxing. Use as the business fax machine Firstly, most of the multifunction printers that appeal to the business user will have an integrated fax functionality. This can be of use if that old fax machine has nearly “had it” or is becoming costly to run due to its use of the thermal-transfer tape. Infact, the purchase of a low-end plain-paper fax that uses this kind of printing is really a false economy because these fax machines will work through the thermal-transfer tape even if a page is partially written on. Instead, a fax-equipped multifunction printer uses the ink or toner when and where it needs to mark the document. As well, it will save on bench space because you don’t have to have a separate machine to receive your faxes on. This is an important requirement for small offices and shops where this space can be at a premium. It is also worth knowing that the inkjet and colour-laser multifunction printers that have the fax functionality are capable of receiving and transmitting faxes in colour to businesses equipped with similarly-capable equipment. Here, if you select “Colour Fax” on these machines, they will transmit the document according to “best-case” rules where if the receiving machine isn’t colour-capable, the transmission will succeed with the document being in monochrome. Other examples of these printers offering increased value for money as a small-business fax machine include the business class printers offering a “fax-vault” function where you can set the unit to hold received documents in memory and print them when required; or “print-to-fax” functions or “fax-to-computer” functions so you can fax a document from your computer or capture a faxed document to your computer without reprinting it. Of course, these machines will have the expected fax functionality and can work with a dedicated fax line or a shared phone line, including support for “distinctive ring” dedicated-fax-number setups like Telstra’s Faxstream Duet. What to be careful of The two-cartridge colour inkjet printer A lot of inexpensive consumer and small-business inkjet printers still use two cartridges for their printing setup. One of these cartridges is the black cartridge while the other is a “tri-colour” ink cartridge that houses the cyan, magenta and yellow inks in one plastic body. The main problem with this design is that if one colour runs out in the colour cartridge, you have to replace the whole cartridge even if there is plenty of ink remaining for the other colours. It can become more exacerbating if you print material using your business’s trad dress which will be dominant in particular colours. This may be OK for an occasionally-used printer but should be avoided if you use your printer frequently. Instead, look for a midrange printer that uses four or more ink cartridges with each colour in its own cartridge. Wi-Fi-only network connectivity Another feature common with inexpensive network multifunction printers is to provide Wi-Fi as the only network connection method. This is more so with the printers that are positioned at the consumer end of the market. There are a few limitations with this setup. One is that you have to run a Wi-Fi network to obtain the benefits of network connectivity and this can be fraught with problems because of Wi-Fi being a radio based method. For example, walls made out of double-brick, cinder-block or reinforced concrete can play havoc with a Wi-Fi link; as can metal-reflective insulation. This limits the ability to connect the printer to your business network using alternative network technologies like Ethernet or HomePlug powerline networking. As well, a lot of these printers require the user to configure them for the wireless network by connecting them to a host computer and running manufacturer-supplied software before they will work with that network. The exception to this rule for most of these printers is Wi-Fi network segments that use WPS “push-to-connect” setup, where you may push a button on the printer or select a menu option to start the configuration process. This is although the HP ePrint-enabled Wi-Fi-only consumer printers like the Photosmart Wireless-E B110a economy printer and the HP Envy 100 (D410) slimline printer do support configuration for non-WPS wireless networks from the control panel. Recommendations for most businesses I would recommend a midrange network-connected business inkjet multifunction printer with four ink cartridges and auto-duplex printing for a “general-use” workhorse printer. It may be OK to use a high-end consumer printer or low-end business inkjet for low-traffic applications like a secondary printer. A photo-optimised consumer printer like a Canon PiXMA or HP Photosmart may be good as a secondary printer for applications where you value high-quality photo prints with the full saturation. Some manufacturers may offer a dedicated photo-optimised printer but typically these can be very expensive and are pitched at the graphic-arts industries. A dedicated monochrome laser printers can be useful for printing out forms or documents as what would be required of medical, legal or similar professions. Here, it would be wise to look for auto-duplex-equipped units if you turn out many multipage documents like most legal documents. As well, I would recommend that these machines are network-connected if you have or intend to have two or more computer workstations that will turn out the documents. If you don’t care about colour printing but turn out many documents, you could get by with a monochrome laser multifunction printer like the recently-released Brother units or the HP LaserJet M1212nf that I had previously reviewed. Then if you want to do colour printing at a later date, you could add on a dedicated colour printer like the HP OfficeJet 6000 inkjet; HP OfficeJet 7000 A3 inkjet or Brother HL-4150CDN laser “desktop-publishing workhorse”. Promoting your business yourself You may want to use a colour laser printer as a promotion tool for your business. I have infact written up an article about why it is worth considering these printers as a buying option. Here, it would be a good idea to stick to high-throughput colour laser printers like the Brother HL-4150CDN especially if you do a lot of your own short-run publishing, including “infill” print runs. You may want to take advantage of the larger A3 page size as a paper size for signage and similar material. It may even come in handy within the office for turning out large spreadsheets or business charts that can have more detail. Here, you may look at a single-tray A3 multifunction like the HP OfficeJet 7500 for occasional A3 use or a dual-tray A3 multifunction like the Brother MFC-6490CW or dedicated A3 printer like the HP OfficeJet 7000 if you do turn out a lot of A3 material. In simple terms, I would suggest that you check how much the printer will cost to run; such as the price of replacement ink or toner cartridges; the availability of high-capacity cartridges and the kid of cartridges used and other cost-saving practices like auto-duplex Then make sure that your printer can suit your current needs as well as allowing for future needs.Here, you can then own and run the right printer that will serve your business’s needs for many years without being a drain on your business’s cashflow.

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Dolphin on Android has had a bit of a checkered history since its inception. Users loved the idea of being able to take their favorite GameCube and Wii games on the go, but expectations and reality have never quite aligned. When Dolphin was first uploaded to the Play Store, developers tried to make it absolutely clear games wouldn't be playable, even going as far as calling it "Dolphin Emulator Alpha". Unfortunately, despite many warnings, many people got their hopes up the moment they saw Dolphin was on the appstore and were ready to play their favorite games, even if their device wasn't. While not everyone had false pretenses as to what should be possible, a lot of users blamed Dolphin for being poorly optimized rather than understanding that it wasn't even meant to run full speed yet. The endless stream of poor ratings and angry comments eventually reached a breaking point and Dolphin was removed from the Play store mid 2016. That didn't mean development on Dolphin on Android had ceased, though. Instead, builds were provided on our download page, safely tucked away from the majority of users who may not understand the current state of the app. Suddenly, earlier this month, the Official Dolphin Android app returned to the Google Play Store* complete with all the latest and greatest improvements featured in the Progress Reports! After a 2 years break, Dolphin for Android is back on the Play Store! From now on, our beta versions will be updated there every month (synced with our monthly Progress Reports).— Dolphin Emulator (@Dolphin_Emu) August 3, 2018 Give it a try at https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.dolphinemu.dolphinemu (No, your potato phone still won't run games at 60FPS.) - Unfortunately, Dolphin has not returned to the Android T.V. Store because Dolphin does not support 32-bit devices, and the review process seems incapable of understanding that Dolphin does not attempt to target 32-bit devices. If you're on an Android T.V. device that does support Dolphin, you won't be able to find it in the store until these nonsensical requirements are removed. With 32-bit devices slowly being obsoleted by 64-bit devices, is it really so strange to have a performance hungry app only target 64-bit devices? Worse yet, the reviewer seemed completely unaware of what the error message meant when they tried to run our 64-bit app on a 32-bit device. If a reviewer can't tell what an error message means, how can you expect a user to figure it out? A Quick Rundown Through the History of Dolphin on Android¶ The original release of Dolphin on the Google Play Store in 2013 had very modest expectations. All a user needed was an ARMv7 processor and they were ready to go! That meant almost every Android device back in 2013 could at least run Dolphin to some degree. As explained by Sonicadvance1 at the time, just because it would run doesn't mean it was the experience everyone wanted. If you're expecting reasonable speeds out of this, you are sorely mistaken. This will run slow on every single Android device, no matter if it is the most powerful one in the world. Even on a strong device, performance was measured in seconds per frame. While the original release of Dolphin on Android ran on most devices, major improvements to the app greatly cut down the number of compatible devices. The biggest of which was the requirement of OpenGL ES 3.0 to run the new OpenGL backend. On the few devices that did support GLES3, lightweight games could now run at a blistering 5 - 10% speed! Dolphin on Android's JIT and GLES3 backend were optimized and matured over time. By 2014, we saw our first ever fullspeed title! But that was merely WarioWare, Inc, one of the least demanding commercial titles available to Dolphin. Unfortunately, the then-current core of Dolphin on Android was pushed as far as it could go and the improvements slowed to a stop. ARMv7, as a 32-bit only architecture, was simply too limited for Dolphin to ever obtain fullspeed in 99% of Dolphin's catalog. Just like why we removed our 32-bit x86 JIT, ARMv7's 32-bit nature required all manner of crazy workarounds and prevented countless optimisations. It just couldn't be improved any further. ARMv7 was a deadend, and would soon be removed. Only with the introduction of the 64-bit AArch64 architecture and Dolphin's AArch64 JIT would we see Dolphin on Android finally shine. The device at the forefront of development would be the NVIDIA Shield. The NVIDIA Shield (launched as the NVIDIA Shield Android TV) was the first Android device that could actually run Dolphin to a reasonable degree. Games like The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker, Super Smash Bros. Melee and Animal Crossing could run full-speed or close to full-speed a majority of the time. With Dolphin on Android finally reaching the potential that Sonicadvance1 imagined when he first started working on the port way back in 2010, the reviews were in - users hated Dolphin on Android. The rating tanked and it seemed like almost no one was having a good time. This happened for a multitude of reasons ranging from user mindset, shifting ideals in newer hardware, and Dolphin's heightened requirements. The meteoric rise of single core IPC (Instructions Per Clock) within new ARM devices suddenly flattened in 2014. This led users upgrading their phones over the next year or two to get angry when they saw marginal performance improvements on their shiny new phone or tablet. On the other hand, gaming on Android was starting to shift into games that looked as good as or better than GameCube/Wii games. There were even ports of same-generation titles like Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas furthering the perception that GameCube games should run just fine to the casual user. On top of all of that, most users were stuck on 32-bit devices/userspaces and were upset that they couldn't run Dolphin whatsoever. In order to stop the bleeding, the Dolphin app was removed from the app store with no plans for it to return. So what exactly has changed? Running Dolphin on Android in 2018¶ Fast Forward to August 2018 and the Android landscape is a whole new world! AArch64 is now standard, most high-end phones have GLES3 drivers, and the NVIDIA Shield is the best selling Android T.V. device! ...Well not everything has changed. Overall though, the state that Android and ARM devices are in now is far more favorable to Dolphin than it was when the app was removed from the store. The requirements that were once absolutely ridiculous in 2016 are now only a little crazy. Unlike in 2016, you no longer have to hunt around just to find a phone that can run Dolphin. If you buy a high-end, modern Android phone, odds are it will probably run Dolphin on Android to some degree. Most new Mali and Adreno chipsets at least attempt to support GLES3 and some even manage to support Vulkan to a good enough degree to run Dolphin. The problem is that their drivers are incredibly spotty, with regressions and fixes varying from release to release. In terms of performance, as of this article, the Adreno devices are much faster and now even have working Buffer Storage. It took a while to get to this point but we're just happy it's finally working. Some Adreno drivers also work with Vulkan... after stenzek added a hack to work-around their broken Depth32 clears. Whether Vulkan works or not highly depends on which driver version is available on your device. Assuming the drivers work and games boot, you'll be greeted with the full-fledged Dolphin package. The core emulation experience very closely mirrors the featureset you'd get out of Dolphin's PC version. One of the main differences you'll notice when booting Dolphin on Android is that it runs a completely different GUI than the desktop version. Even more, there are two unique Android GUIs - one for T.V. devices and one for touch devices. While these GUIs do lack some of the polish and options present within the desktop GUI, they are much easier to use and can even be navigated with controllers. Speaking of controllers, Dolphin on Android supports fully customizable touchscreen controls for those looking to casually game while on the go without having to lug around a controller. Most standard controllers can also be configured for those who can't stomach the idea of trying to use a touchscreen to game. And, for a more authentic experience, Dolphin on Android also supports Native GameCube controllers via Nintendo's GC Wii U adapters and Real Wii Remotes via the Mayflash DolphinBar. The main problem becomes that games that are demanding on the PC version are also demanding on the Android version. Unlike the PC version where you can throw an insanely powerful computer at the problem, that option doesn't quite exist yet for Android. Another thing to remember is that AArch64 devices rely on Dolphin's AArch64 JIT. While it has seen a lot of work, this JIT still has fewer instructions implemented compared to JIT64. This is mostly noticeable in games that require full MMU emulation. Android graphics drivers have improved tremendously over the past couple of years - the fact Dolphin renders mostly correct is a testament to that. Unfortunately, they're still not perfect and have a ways to go before everything is perfect. Many features, like Ubershaders, EFB Access From CPU, Store EFB Copies to RAM, Bounding Box along many enhancements and other features may or may not work. In the case of EFB Access From CPU and the latest Adreno drivers, the feature only works on Vulkan - not OpenGL! Games that rely heavily on these features are likely to be broken or run extremely slow, so no Paper Mario: The Thousand Year Door on your phone quite yet. Again, your results will greatly vary based on the drivers available to your device. Hopefully all of this information will be useless soon enough once driver manufacturers fix the remaining bugs. Performance and Testing¶ How Settings Relate to Performance¶ The results above actually give us a very clear picture of where the bottlenecks are on various devices. Users that had been playing The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker and other Store EFB Copies to RAM games on their phones were a little upset when Dolphin's INI system finally made its way over to Android. The SD835 cannot seem to handle the feature in any capacity without the performance tanking to unreasonable amounts. EFB Access from CPU alone fairs slightly better, with the framerate only tanking when the effect is on screen. The Shield, featuring full NVIDIA drivers and a Tegra X1 graphics chip, does not even flinch at the prospect of these features because it is bottlenecked elsewhere on its aging hardware. What really causes the Shield issues is high polygon scenes, whereas the SD835 dipped a little bit less when viewing the whole of Outset Island. That's not to say the Shield isn't impressive for an older device. Despite its aging a57 cores, it's able to keep up with devices several years newer thanks to the NVIDIA graphics drivers and larger power budget. If you want all the bells and whistles while emulating Wind Waker, it can outperform just about any other device. On the other hand, when you disable features like Store EFB Copies to RAM and EFB Access from CPU, the differences in drivers become less noticeable and the more powerful devices of today can pull ahead. If you're using the latest dev builds, you can customize your experience per-game by long-pressing the title in the gamelist. This gives you access to set your own presets for every single game. If you're on a device like the NVIDIA Shield, you can leave Store EFB Copies to RAM without worrying, but on a phone it can be heavily beneficial for your framerate to disable it. Please make sure you're using the latest version available in the Play Store or build 5.0-8540 and newer. Multi Game Performance Test¶ The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker is a single game. Different titles will provide different challenges for Dolphin and some will be more demanding than others. Using the One Plus 5 (SD835), here are some performance results when playing a GameCube, Wii, and WiiWare title. NOTES: The maximum framerate was heavily tied to where in the town the player is standing and where they're looking. The nighttime shot was from across the river looking across the whole town with the streetlamps turned on. NOTES: This was played with two foxes both as AI with a two minute fight and average framerate was recorded. Some stages of the background animation were more demanding than others. NOTES: Now it may seem silly to want to play Mega Man 9 on a phone, but, after dealing with a bunch of 3D games it's actually a nice counter. There are some dips when the screen gets super busy but the game is more than playable. In order to maintain a good framerate, had to force lock the phone into max processor clock. Performance Pitfalls and Other Issues¶ As shown above, it's definitely possible to play some GameCube/Wii games full speed on Android hardware that exists today. The problem is that the combination of Android and mobile devices isn't exactly the best environment to be trying to get maximum performance. Some phones have aggressive governors that can't adjust to Dolphin's workload and can't be overridden without root access to the device. Considering the dangers involved with unlocking and rooting a device we do not recommend you root your devices to improve Dolphin's performance. Results will vary per device - the SD835 is present both in the Pixel 2 XL and One Plus 5, but the throttling issues were non-existent on a stock Pixel 2 XL. On the other hand, take a glance at the difference the performance governor on the One Plus 5 makes. This may make you think that the Pixel 2 XL is the outright superior device because of the performance governor, but it's still not that simple! The Pixel 1, Pixel 2, and Pixel 2 XL have a newer line of Adreno drivers. Though they've supposedly added features like Dual Source Blending for Vulkan to make Mario Kart: Double Dash!!, Resident Evil 4, and other games render correctly, they've also managed to cause this. Hopefully a new driver revision will resolve these issues. For now, please be extremely careful if you're factoring in Dolphin when buying an Android device. Dolphin on Android Moving Forward¶ While there was a lot of excitement over Dolphin's return to the Play Store, it also unveiled a lot of shortcomings. The emulation side of things had improved greatly, but a lot of minor issues made it hard for general users to get the most out of Dolphin. Over the past three weeks, tons of issues and enhancements have been made to Dolphin on Android to make the experience better. - As of 5.0-8569 the controls will no longer be clumped into the corner. There will now be a default touch layout available right from the start. - As mentioned earlier, the Android interface for editing game specific settings was fixed in 5.0-8540. - For users who use gaming mode to disable capacitive buttons, an exit emulation option was added to the dropdown menu in 5.0-8542 - A bunch of issues involving Wii Remotes crashing and not being configurable were fixed in 5.0-8529, 5.0-8512 and 5.0-8500 - Make it require two presses of the back button to end emulation in 5.0-8559. This is to help prevent users from accidentally closing their game with an errant touchscreen press, especially when the onscreen navigation bar is enabled. - As shown earlier in the article, support for automatically retrieving game covers for the Android GUI from GameTDB.com was added in 5.0-8571. A secondary fix for how they were displayed was merged in 5.0-8578 We feel that these changes and many others are important enough that users should be getting them right now. By the time this article launches, a new beta build will be available early in the Play Store with all of the above features already available. Overall, Dolphin on Android is the full Dolphin experience once you get into games. While there are definitely some missing optimizations here and there within the AArch64 JIT along with some limitations in GLES 3, compatibility should be mostly the same outside of driver issues. The main difference comes from trying to run Dolphin on a low power device versus computers oftentimes designed for gaming. Special thanks must be given to recent efforts by mahdihijazi, zackhow, JosJuice and Ebola16 over the course of the summer, Dolphin on Android has been able to see this revolution. It also must be mentioned that the auto-updating Play Store version was hooked into our auto-update infrastructure by delroth. Enjoy!

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Last Updated on October 4, 2023 Let’s Explore Free Coding Websites with the Best Online Community Free coding websites with online communities provide a valuable platform for beginners and enthusiasts to learn and grow in their coding journey. These websites not only offer free access to coding resources and tutorials but also foster a supportive and interactive online community. Being part of an online coding community is crucial for both beginners and experienced coders as it offers a range of benefits. Importance of online communities for coding beginners and enthusiasts - Access to a wealth of knowledge: Online communities on coding websites bring together coders from different skill levels and backgrounds, creating a diverse pool of knowledge and expertise. Beginners can benefit from the collective wisdom of experienced coders, gaining insights and tips to improve their skills. - Collaborative learning opportunities: Within online coding communities, beginners can collaborate with fellow learners on coding projects, solving problems together, and sharing their progress. This collaborative learning environment fosters growth and enhances the learning experience. - Support and motivation: Learning to code can be challenging and overwhelming at times. The online community acts as a support system, where beginners can seek guidance, ask questions, and receive encouragement from like-minded individuals who understand their struggles. - Networking and career opportunities: Online communities provide a platform for beginners to connect with experienced professionals and potential employers. By actively participating in these communities, enthusiasts can expand their network, gain industry insights, and even find job opportunities. - Staying updated with the latest trends: Coding communities keep members updated with the latest coding trends, languages, and frameworks. This ensures that beginners and enthusiasts stay relevant and constantly upskill themselves with the ever-evolving tech landscape. Therefore, free coding websites with online communities play a vital role in empowering coding beginners and enthusiasts. By joining these communities, learners gain access to a wealth of knowledge, collaborative learning opportunities, support, motivation, networking, and career prospects, as well as staying updated with industry trends. Being part of an online coding community is not just beneficial, but essential for anyone passionate about coding. Definition and Importance of Online Coding Communities Online coding communities refer to platforms or websites where individuals interested in coding come together, share knowledge, collaborate on projects, and provide support to each other. Benefits of Joining an Online Coding Community - Opportunity for Continuous Learning: Online coding communities offer a wealth of information and resources to enhance programming skills. - Collaboration and Networking: Joining such a community allows coders to connect with like-minded individuals, exchange ideas, and collaborate on projects. - Sharing and Feedback: Members can share their code with the community, receive feedback, and learn from others’ experiences. - Access to Resources: These communities provide access to tutorials, articles, documentation, and open-source projects, aiding in skill development. - Exposure to Different Technologies: Interaction with diverse coders exposes individuals to various programming languages and frameworks. - Job and Project Opportunities: Many communities have dedicated job boards and forums where individuals can find employment or freelance projects. Role of Online Communities in Providing Support, Resources, and Networking Opportunities for Coders - Support and Motivation: Coders often face challenges and obstacles. Online communities offer support and motivation to overcome these hurdles. - Peer Learning: Members can ask questions, seek guidance, and learn from other experienced coders in the community. - Access to Experts: Many communities have industry experts who actively participate and provide valuable insights and mentorship. - Open Collaboration: Online coding communities encourage collaboration on open-source projects, facilitating skill development through practical experience. - Code Reviews: Members can request code reviews to identify areas of improvement and receive constructive criticism from experienced coders. - Building a Professional Network: Being part of an online community helps in expanding one’s professional network, leading to potential career opportunities. - Staying Updated: These communities act as a hub for the latest industry news, trends, and technological advancements. - Code Sharing and Showcasing: Members can share their projects, showcase their skills, and receive recognition and feedback from the community. Most importantly, online coding communities play a crucial role in the growth and development of coders. They offer numerous benefits, including continuous learning, networking opportunities, access to resources, and invaluable support from fellow members. Joining such communities can enhance one’s coding skills, provide exposure to new technologies, and open doors to exciting job opportunities. Aspiring and experienced coders should actively engage in online coding communities to thrive in their programming journey. Factors to Consider when Choosing a Coding Website with an Online Community When it comes to learning coding, finding the right online community is crucial. A strong online community can provide support, resources, and opportunities for collaboration. In this blog section, we will discuss the importance of selecting the right coding website with a strong online community. We will also highlight factors such as user interface, community size, level of activity, and quality of resources that should be considered while evaluating coding websites. The user interface of a coding website plays a significant role in the learning experience. A well-designed and intuitive interface can make it easier for users to navigate through the platform and access the available resources. Look for coding websites with clean layouts, easy-to-understand menus, and organized content. A cluttered interface can be overwhelming and hinder the learning process. Additionally, consider the website’s responsiveness and compatibility with different devices. A coding website that is optimized for both desktop and mobile devices allows learners to access their lessons and engage with the online community anytime, anywhere. The size of the online community associated with a coding website is an important factor to consider. A larger community means more opportunities to connect with like-minded individuals, ask questions, seek guidance, and collaborate on projects. It fosters an environment of active participation and knowledge sharing. On the other hand, a smaller community may offer a more intimate setting, where learners can develop closer relationships with other members. It can also mean more personalized attention from mentors and experts within the community. Depending on your learning style and preferences, you may prioritize either a larger or smaller community. Level of Activity The level of activity within a coding website’s community determines how engaged and responsive the members are. Look for websites where the community is actively participating in discussions, sharing resources, and providing feedback. An active community ensures that your questions will be answered promptly, and you can receive constructive feedback on your coding projects. Browsing through the forum or discussion boards of a coding website will give you a sense of the level of activity. Pay attention to how recently posts have been made and how quickly they receive responses. A vibrant and dynamic community is essential for a rich learning experience. Quality of Resources The quality of resources available on a coding website is a crucial factor in your learning journey. Evaluate the variety and relevancy of the coding tutorials, exercises, projects, and documentation. The resources should cater to different levels of learners, from beginners to advanced coders. Try to find websites that offer a mix of written tutorials, video lessons, and interactive coding challenges. Look for resources that are up-to-date and aligned with current industry practices. Additionally, check if the coding website provides opportunities for learners to contribute their own resources, fostering a collaborative and diverse learning environment. Choosing a coding website with a strong online community is paramount for your coding journey. Consider factors like user interface, community size, level of activity, and quality of resources while evaluating different coding websites. Remember, the right coding platform can make a significant difference in your learning experience and accelerate your progress in the world of coding. So, take your time, explore various options, and choose wisely. Top Free Coding Websites with the Best Online Community When it comes to learning coding, having access to free resources and being part of a thriving online community can be incredibly helpful. Fortunately, there are several coding websites that offer both. In this article, we will explore three top coding websites that not only provide excellent coding resources but also have the best online communities. Codecademy is one of the most popular free coding websites out there. What sets Codecademy apart is its hands-on approach, allowing learners to code directly on the platform. Codecademy boasts a large online community where learners can engage with fellow coders, share their projects, and seek help when needed. The community forums are active and vibrant, making it easy to connect with others who are learning to code. FreeCodeCamp is another excellent choice for coding enthusiasts. It not only offers coding lessons but also emphasizes projects and real-world applications. Learners build their portfolios by working on non-profit coding projects for organizations, gaining practical experience along the way. FreeCodeCamp’s online community is highly active and supportive. Learners can join local chapters, attend meetups, and collaborate on coding challenges. The community also organizes coding events and conferences, giving members opportunities to network and grow their skills. While GitHub is primarily known as a platform for version control and collaborative coding, it also offers a wealth of coding resources. Users can access countless open-source projects and contribute to them, allowing for skill enhancement and exposure to real-world coding scenarios. The online community on GitHub is massive, with millions of developers from all over the world actively sharing and collaborating. It’s an excellent platform for learning from experienced professionals, getting feedback on your work, and discovering new coding projects to explore. Stack Overflow is a popular question-and-answer website for programmers. It’s not only a valuable resource for troubleshooting coding problems but also a community-driven platform where learners can seek advice and guidance. With millions of registered users, Stack Overflow has an extensive community of developers who are always ready to help. The site’s reputation system ensures that answers come from qualified individuals, guaranteeing the quality of responses. HackerRank is a coding platform that focuses on competitive programming challenges. It offers a vast collection of coding problems across different domains, including algorithms, data structures, and artificial intelligence. HackerRank has a thriving community of coders who participate in coding competitions and challenges. The leaderboard system allows users to compare their skills globally, creating a competitive and motivating environment. Having access to free coding websites with strong online communities is priceless for anyone learning to code. Codecademy, FreeCodeCamp, GitHub, Stack Overflow, and HackerRank are among the top choices that provide invaluable resources and vibrant communities to support your coding journey. Benefits of Learning Coding in an Online Community Learning coding can be an exciting experience, especially when you are part of an online community. Online communities offer several advantages that can enhance your coding journey. Let’s delve into some of these benefits: When you join an online coding community, you become part of a larger network of like-minded individuals. Collaboration becomes effortless as you can connect with other coders, share your code, and receive feedback. Such collaboration fosters a sense of camaraderie and helps you learn from others’ experiences. Access to Mentorship Online communities provide a platform for seasoned coders to act as mentors. Having a mentor can significantly accelerate your learning process. Mentors can guide you, provide valuable insights, and help you overcome any hurdles you may face. The support of a mentor can make a huge difference in your coding journey. Learning coding can sometimes be challenging and lead to moments of frustration. However, being part of a vibrant online community can provide the motivation you need to keep going. Interacting with fellow coders, celebrating achievements, and receiving encouragement can help you stay motivated and focused on your coding goals. Online communities bring together individuals from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and skill levels. This diversity introduces you to different perspectives and approaches to coding. It allows you to broaden your horizons, explore new techniques, and think outside the box. Learning from diverse perspectives can immensely enrich your coding skills. Now, let’s take a look at some real-life success stories and examples of how online communities have benefited individuals in their coding journey: Sarah, a beginner coder, decided to join an online coding community to enhance her learning experience. Through the community, she connected with an experienced mentor who guided her in mastering complex coding concepts. With the continuous support from her online peers, Sarah built her first web application and eventually landed her dream job as a developer. John was stuck while working on a coding project. He sought help from his online coding community, describing his challenge. Within minutes, several community members offered solutions and even collaborated with John to help him overcome the obstacle. This collaboration not only solved the problem but also forged new friendships. Emma faced a period of self-doubt while learning coding. However, her online coding community rallied around her, shared stories of their own struggles, and encouraged her to keep going. Their unwavering support motivated Emma to stay on track and inspired her to become an influential member of the community herself. David was primarily familiar with one programming language until he joined an online coding community. Through interactions with community members, he discovered various programming languages and frameworks that he never knew existed. This exposure expanded his knowledge and career opportunities, transforming him into a versatile coder. In essence, being part of an online coding community offers numerous advantages. Collaboration, mentorship, motivation, and exposure to diverse perspectives are just a few benefits. Additionally, success stories like Sarah, John, Emma, and David demonstrate how online communities have positively impacted individuals’ coding journeys. So, join an online coding community today and revolutionize your coding experience! Tips for Active Participation in Coding Online Communities In today’s digital age, coding has become an essential skill for individuals interested in technology and software development. The Internet provides a wealth of resources for beginners and experienced programmers alike. One of the most valuable tools for learning and growing as a coder is participating in online coding communities. These communities not only offer a platform to ask questions and seek feedback but also provide opportunities to build lasting relationships with like-minded individuals. Here are five tips for actively participating in coding online communities: - Stay Updated and Informed: To make the best use of online coding communities, it is crucial to stay updated with the latest trends, technologies, and programming languages. This will enable you to contribute effectively and engage in meaningful discussions. - Ask Smart Questions: When seeking assistance from the community, it is important to ask smart and well-thought-out questions. Before posting your query, make sure to do some research and provide as much relevant information as possible, such as the programming language, error messages, and steps you’ve already taken to resolve the issue. - Provide Valuable Answers: Don’t just be a receiver; be an active contributor to the community. Share your knowledge and expertise by answering questions posted by others. Offer detailed explanations, provide code examples, and help fellow coders learn and grow. - Seek Constructive Feedback: Sharing your code or projects with the community can be intimidating, but it is an excellent way to receive valuable feedback and improve your skills. Embrace constructive criticism, and use it as an opportunity to enhance your coding abilities. - Build Relationships: Online coding communities are not just about technical discussions; they are also a place to connect with like-minded individuals. Engage in conversations, offer encouragement and support, and build relationships with fellow coders. Collaborations and mentorship opportunities may arise from these connections. By actively participating in coding online communities, you can unlock countless benefits for your coding journey. These communities offer a wealth of knowledge, diverse perspectives, and an invaluable support system. So, don’t hesitate; dive in and become an active member of these communities today! Free coding websites with strong online communities are invaluable resources for individuals learning to code. These websites not only provide access to quality coding education, but they also foster a sense of community and collaboration. By joining these coding communities, learners can enhance their learning experience in numerous ways. They can ask questions, seek guidance, and receive feedback from experienced coders and mentors. This support system can accelerate their learning process and help overcome challenges more efficiently. Furthermore, engaging with coding communities allows learners to stay up-to-date with the latest industry trends and technologies. They can participate in discussions, share their projects, and collaborate on new ideas with like-minded individuals. This exposure to diverse perspectives and approaches can broaden their understanding of coding and inspire creative solutions. Learning coding doesn’t have to be a solitary journey. Online communities offer a collaborative and supportive environment for learners of all levels. Through these communities, learners can connect with people who share their passion for coding and build lifelong friendships and professional relationships. Free coding websites with strong online communities are beneficial for anyone interested in learning to code. They not only provide access to valuable resources and educational materials but also foster a sense of belonging and collaboration. I encourage all readers to explore these communities and take advantage of the supportive network they provide. By joining these communities, learners can enhance their coding skills, stay motivated, and embark on an exciting journey of growth and learning.

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Comparison test Cruiser, BMW R 1200 C, Harley-Davidson Electra Glide, Honda F6C, Moto Guzzi California EV Whom the hour strikes One day they'll get you: BMW R 1200 C, Harley-Davidson Road King, Honda F6C and Moto Guzzi California – heavy chunks for carefree cruising, flashing chrome demonstration machines with built-in audience applause, profound low-rise buildings for soaring emotions, seduction artists all of them. Not an hour strikes the lucky one. But what can be done to achieve this timeless state of deep well-being? Throw away the watch? A nice approach. Firing up the appointment calendar? Not bad either. Pee in the boss's desk drawer? Certainly highly satisfying for the moment, but an action with risks and side effects. Would you rather buy a cruiser and drive away from the pressures of everyday life? If you believe the advertising messages of the motorcycle suppliers, this is the safest and most risk-free way to the desired state of self-forgetfulness. It should become the royal road if it is trodden with a large displacement and on a large foot – as with the showpieces from BMW, Harley, Honda and Moto Guzzi, the crown jewels among escape vehicles. just at the moment Cruisers are not bought with the head, but with the stomach – they say. But how – please – should the middle of the body come to the decision-making, if not through a – you see – good connection to the eye. In the face of the four showmen, the tears come instantly. Tears of joy, of course: lots of characters, strong personalities, no trace of genetically engineered mass-produced goods. For example the R 1200 C. This machine not only opens a new chapter in BMW motorcycle construction, it also carries new messages into the cruiser essence. With its masses around the mighty engine block, the airy appearance of the rear section, the no-frills roofed wheels, it proves that it doesn't take either sheer size or excessive body swelling to hit the issue. Which does not mean that the BMW is all about German objectivity: The speedometer dial in the style of old VDO watches and the lines on the tank and fenders are sympathetic reminiscences of rubber cows of bygone days. On the other hand, the designers got stuck here and there: The R 1200 C gets lost in details in too many playful curves that give it a somewhat disreputable touch – keyword: motorcycle for warm showerers. The Harley Electra Glide Road King is a Harley Electra Glide – that says it all. This motorcycle with its seemingly endless line of ancestors does the only right thing stylistically: It quotes itself. What appears to be placed on and intentional elsewhere – the thickly wrapped fork legs, the tank console, the rustic V2 with the circular air filter housing – here it is on its ancestral, natural place. Although the Road King objectively flaunts a heavy dose of chrome and polished aluminum, it can evade the allegation of eyewash. Firstly, everything that glitters is metal, secondly, the effect of the glittering work in the shadow of large painted surfaces is lost to a digestible level. In addition, the case and windshield of the Road King make an important contribution to personality development: They take them from the show bike corner and stamp them as the serious long-distance cruiser. It was once said that you meet the nicest people on a Honda. Which implied that nice motorcycles would inevitably find their way into the hands of nice people. At that time, however, the F 6 C did not yet exist. The F 6 C is not a nice motorcycle, it is the exterminator among cruisers: longer than long, wider than wide, heavy without end and armed to the teeth. Efforts to test the appearance of the Honda for subtle design finesse are just as ineffective in this collection of superlatives as the attempt to break down the system of the Honda electroplating companies. Working hypothesis: Everything was dipped that was suitable for chrome plating. Overall, the F 6 C shows on the one hand the inevitable insignia of Japanese cruiser construction – swelling fenders, XXL tires, plush upholstery – and on the other hand it hits the techno notch with an upside-down fork and conventional, functional instrumentation. No coherent overall concept that betrayed the hand of an accomplished designer. Did the Moto Guzzi flinch for a moment? No wonder, because the California is not exactly a one-piece motorcycle either. Rather, a basically conventional motorcycle – a classic one on top of that – that was brought on cruiser course with running boards, crash bars, handlebars, chrome trims here and chrome trims there. Without resounding success: The round tank clings to the modernist-edged cylinder heads, the »cruiser« elements distributed over the machine do not come together, in short: there were already more coherently designed Calis – it was a few years ago. Howling and chattering teeth What matters is what comes out at the back – this basic rule of pragmatism should also be applicable to cruisers. Anyone who claims that a longitudinally installed V2 is the only blissful source of propulsion for two-wheeled road cruisers will quickly be brought down to earth by the Harley. Its twin bumper has little to offer besides its imposing appearance: little sound, little power on a narrow bandwidth, little bite, hardly any vibrations – they largely seep away into the elastic engine suspension. What remains are the good throttle response and the modest fuel consumption of the injection engine. The hard and noisy gearbox alone provides memories of more rustic times. Rattling is part of the trade – this is the motto of the transversely driving California V2 propellant. Valves tickle, there is a loud hum from airy mufflers, the gearbox works noticeably and audibly with claws and teeth – this warms the machinist's heart. It's nice that the Guzzi not only produces sound but also smoke. From the smallest cubic capacity in comparison, it conjures up the second highest performance, which on top of that spans a wide usable range – a pleasing offer that is sweetened by remarkably low consumption values. The engine layout gives the California subtle pulsating vibrations and less subtle reverse torque on the longitudinal crankshaft. The BMW can also tell a thing or two about that, staggering violently around its longitudinal axis when there are sudden jumps in speed. On the other hand, the 1200 boxer finds it difficult to trigger a rapture of joy. With its brave torque offer in the lower creative range and its aversion to high speeds, on the one hand it challenges low-speed driving, on the other hand it spoils a relaxed pace through hectic reactions – violent tearing and rough braking – in the partial load range. Discrepancies also in the area of acoustics: the tinny exhaust sound, but above all the bloodcurdling clatter that comes to light when the clutch is magic in first gear, spoil the driving pleasure. A source of pure joy, on the other hand, is the Honda six-cylinder, which finally pushes the two-cylinder postulate from its base: with power to the point and at every nook and cranny of the wide rev range, with the highest level of smoothness, mechanically quiet, without load change reactions, coupled with a comparatively soft and low-noise gearbox. And finally the musicality of the boxer: a six-cylinder choir that lets itself be carried up to the highest voices by a restrained grumbling while idling. Howling without chattering teeth – the Honda shows how it's done. How do you drive?? Everything is relative – so nobody would get the idea of wanting an F 6 engine for every cruiser. Tea Road King, for example, would break. Its chassis could not take more horsepower than the decrepit Harley engine exhumed. If the V2 throws itself to the full, you already have your hands full to keep the comfortably coordinated load on race. If, on top of that, potholes and other wickedness appear under the fat 16-inch tires, the Road King gets upset: The hopelessly underdamped spring elements provoke lasting, sometimes even scary pendulum phenomena when tilted. So it is better to stay on the passive side, let life approach you at a moderate pace, lounging in the saddle, enjoying the offered seating and suspension comfort and: Don't just take turns, but celebrate – with the prudence that a 325 kilogram classic can now take advantage of. Tea Motorbike Guzzi proves that classics can also be completely different. There is nothing foolish about her, rather she is one of the tough activists: tight spring elements, easy handling, strong brakes, stable overall constitution. You can pepper the California around as you like, neither brisk speed nor attractive sloping areas set limits to the drive. Tea Guzzi is an athlete at her heart. The cruising thing was pressed on her eye. Unmistakable evidence for this theory: the rebound and compression adjustment on the fork and shock absorber – in case you find yourself on the racetrack one day. In real life, however, at least the rear-facing setting options are superfluous: even if all the signs there are on "soft", the Guzzi hindquarters strikes with relentless harshness at the slightest cause. The F 6 serves more digestible food, which does not pass every forked dung towards the top of the skull. A pinch of comfort mixed with a good dose of stability – the chassis of the F 6 was created according to this recipe. And it works. In all situations – even when the engine ignites its fireworks and tears at the cardan with the power of its six hearts: the Honda can take it. The fact that the fork starts to stuck on third-rate country roads is noted under the heading "minor weaknesses", especially since this flaw does not cause misery, but only requires more energetic grip on the handlebars. Firm gripping is required with the F 6 C anyway. After all, 335 kilograms of motorcycles don't drive around the corner on their own – especially if they are spread across the board. The Honda is not handy, that's for sure, but – mind you – it drives easier than you think. Of course, the F 6 C never comes close to the ease with which an R 1200 C roams through the tar world. Even the Guzzi has to fit there. A real talent for movement, this Bavarian newcomer, drives circles for the competition when it matters. In addition, it trumps with its modern front wheel guidance: There is no better garbage chute under the sun than this Telelever, which almost completely removes any impurities in road construction. At the stern, on the other hand, conditions prevail like in the past. Comfort? Not remotely. Feels damn like a rigid frame – and much worse than in the individual test (MOTORRAD 17/1997), where the chapter series dispersion has already been touched on. One passenger can completely spoil the fun on the R 1200 C. First it hangs in your back, then in your ears: Where to – please – hold on and what a lousy number that is, with this joke about a seat. Apart from interpersonal disturbances, the two-person operation also provokes unrest in the chassis, instigated by the underdamped central spring strut. By the way: For just under 500 marks, BMW offers a pillion seat that a pillion can sit on. In the realm of the senses Cruising is not the same as cruising – this ancient Chinese wisdom still persists at the end of the 20th century. While some still find their salvation in the pulsation of two running boards under their feet, others seek their happiness with their right hand. We don't know what your image consultant recommends, we can only suggest: Don't do it. Do not ask your gas station attendant or your pharmacist and do not listen to anyone who claims to know something about cruising. Cruising is a matter of interpretation, a matter of the senses. Cruising is: driving a BMW. Sit morally, act morally. Pushing the good-natured load in front of you on the softly mounted wheelbarrow handles in the gentleman's style, hardly wasting a thought on the chauffeur yourself, because it practically runs alongside. Swimming in the flow of time without any excitement. Everything will be fine in the saddle of the R 1200 C. The world is a pink cotton ball and everyone loves each other. Cruising is driving a Harley. Legs apart, extra cool. Boot heels casually thrown onto the running boards, hands laid loosely on the knee-deep handlebars. Zero problem with the external image. You are taken seriously: you drive a Harley. A feeling that cannot be replaced by anything. Performance deficit – so what? The Road King is moving. Only that counts. And she does it for you. Gives everything. Always. She is the rock in the surf, the stone on which the achievement society breaks. She determines the rhythm, you join in. Cruising is driving a Honda. Turn the throttle grip and grin, turn the throttle grip and laugh, turn the throttle grip and leave everything that annoys behind you. Driving F 6 is cruising in its weirdest form, it is power, power and glory. Powersurfing, synthetic – kind of, but highly ingenious. The dignity of the six-cylinder is inviolable, and the dignity of the person who serves it is no less. You become part of this great machine. Cruising is: driving a Moto Guzzi. Biological, dynamic. A California under the bum feels like whole grain bread between your teeth: hearty and outrageously healthy. It looks agricultural through and through, the Guzzi, gives the impression that it can be repaired with a hammer and chisel if necessary. If she could do what she wanted she would certainly get rid of the chrome bezels that were used to trim her on Show Bike. VS.ruisen is … actually not much different from riding a motorcycle. The only difference is that when riding a motorcycle, the path is the goal, while cruising the goal is in the way. It continues beyond the horizon … Conclusion Motorcycle Guzzi If you dream of dolce fare niente, you should rub your eyes as quickly as possible, because Mediterranean light-heartedness is the last thing you can expect from California. At its core, it is a completely normal motorcycle – manageable, directionally stable, powered by a rough but hearty engine. Even if such qualities may not have top priority when cruising, they pay off if you want to use the California – certainly in the sense of its inventors – primarily for motorcycling. Not a motorcycle that the dentist recommends to his family: When it comes down to it, the F 6 C tears in such a way that it almost pulls the seals out of your teeth. No question about it, the bite of this six-cylinder bolide degrades other cruisers to denture wearers. The question of whether exuberant driving dynamics can be used without regrets can be answered with a clear "yes". The F 6 C brings its performance to the road, it can be moved nicely piano if necessary, and it does not even neglect comfort. “Try some coziness,” grumbles the Road King with conviction. A request that is gladly obeyed, because the neat, but very sedate acting engine and the underdamped chassis nip sporty ambitions in the bud. In return, you get good seating and suspension comfort, which gives the driver and passenger the certainty of being on the right boat in the long term. And last but not least, the Road King gives you the good feeling of driving a Harley in the most unsavory way possible. 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For a long time, I’ve been interested in the limits the modelling community place of modelling. It is often said to be about having fun, and perhaps because of how we associate it with a childhood hobby, and certainly as a hobby for all ages, there is a certain amount of peer-pressure, to “keep it light”. This manifests itself in person, but especially in social media, as a pressure to avoid anything too dark, and anything ‘political’. These two are big subjects on their own, so I have decided to split this blog post so as to avoid it being too long for most to read. Politics in modelling will follow soon. Modelling the Darkness Modelling the darker side of humanity is not as taboo as it once was. Around ten years ago, I can recall people being upset about the modelling of dead bodies and injury. Since then, the hobby has come to accept these, to a certain degree, but it remains fraught with challenges. There is still a propensity to focus on engineering rather than a full picture of history. Modellers tell themselves that because they know how many quarts of oil you need to lube the transmission on an M4A2, or how many shots the barrel on a Tiger tank was good for, they are historians. To an extent that is true. They are very well informed on aspects of history, but they are very narrow in their field of knowledge and often know very little about the wider picture. That leads us to concentrate on the vehicle, or aircraft, or even a single figure and their uniform details, as the only real purpose of the model. Essentially, we model without context. We model the war machines, without modelling the war. Let’s not forget the business of war is to kill each other till one side can no longer tolerate its losses, but we don’t usually model the actual killing, only the men and machines that are employed in doing the act. But if we rarely model combat, we virtually never model the ‘crimes’ of war. But this too happens in every war in history, in some to an endemic or even to an industrial degree. But if we think modelling can be an art form, or at least, more than just playing with toys, then why shouldn’t we tackle controversial subjects? Why shouldn’t we take on the darker side of war and humanity? Why shouldn’t we push our modelling, if we want to, so say more than “this is what this tank or plane or ship looked like”? Let’s put a pin in why usually do not tackle these things, and have a look at a modeller who does Rick Lawler and Burden of Sorrow in 2013, Rick Lawler unveiled his new piece, “Burden of Sorrow”. It remains probably the best diorama or model I have ever seen, that addresses the Holocaust. We recently Interviewed Rick about his more serious work on the Sprue Cutters Union and asked him about how that diorama came about: “Burden of Sorrow in particular, was a very specific, emotional directed type of scene. So, I had the idea … of doing something around the Holocaust for some time, knowing full well that subject in and of itself is somewhat taboo. You just don’t go into certain sorts of subjects because they’re controversial, for lack of a better word. And I wasn’t necessarily ready to do it either…I went to the Smithsonian, to the Holocaust Museum and it was the second time I’d been there… This time I did it by myself, and that gave me the time to really be a part of the museum. ..and you go into that train car and then come out and then you have that smell, they have all these shoes behind this kind of plexiglass wall there and the entire place smells of old leather and old shoes. That was the moment when I said, I need to figure out how to do something about this subject… So that became the motivation to… to figure out how to make this happen. Coincidentally, this is where this lightening in the bottle kind of concept starts coming through… So, that rail car [LZ Models resin German Rail Car] came out and all of a sudden it just coalesced. I knew what the scene was going to be now. The rail car was gonna be the center of the scene. It needed to be captured because I just walked through that rail car. And so it needed to capture that rail car and somehow capture the surroundings, the smells, the experience of walking through that museum and everything that goes around that museum and what it represents. So now I had a focal point, I had an idea, and now I can start making it come to fruition. But I couldn’t force that.” “Well, unlike a lot of dioramas and the stuff that we see even at the best shows… this is something that has to be handled with real sensitivity in order to be respectful and to convey what you’re trying to convey without being garish or flippant. And it’s a lot different… from a Tiger tank with a bunch of guys standing on it, pointing.” “Yeah, and I was fully aware of all of that. Even back in the day, people would do, even start touching on sort of these subjects and it would roundly get criticism. “That’s gross, we don’t portray that in Scale modelling” I think the barriers have come down somewhat, but it was very much just about the model, like you said, Tracy, the tiger tank with the commander pointing and all that kind of stuff. But to actually tackle the realities of what our subjects often touch on, the brutality of it all, that was like that fourth dimension, that was that wall that no one really had approached before that.” …..”You know, to say that I intentionally went to make Burden of Sorrow is not accurate. To say that it started with a base-level kind of, you know, back of my head, sort of an idea, theme, if you will. Then, like I said before, all these things started kind of accumulating until the time was right to actually express it in the modelling.” …”You said that subjects like Burden of Sorrow are controversial. Why do you think they’re controversial in modelling? Because, something people always like to say whenever there’s any criticism thrown around about their panzers or whatever it is. “I’m just honoring history.” But quite a lot of the time, I think modeling sanitizes history. It shows a very non-violent, quite pacific, and quite attractive vision of war. Why do you think the darker side is so controversial?” “Because it’s uncomfortable. I think it makes us take a look at ourselves and, perhaps question why we are attracted to, say, the glamorous side, you know? And so, you know, everybody loves a good tiger tank in a black Panzer uniform because they look really, really cool, but that level below that is not nearly so attractive. And so it’s, I think there’s a kind of a self-editing buffer someplace in there, which people just say, you know, we’re showing history in terms of the vehicle and the uniforms and this and that. Glamorize it for lack of a better word, but we don’t show the consequences. And that’s where Burden of Sorrow went, in a very deep way, to show the consequences of not just the Tiger Tank, but a regime, which takes it to a much broader scope. So, I don’t know, that’s my short answer, I guess. I also think that, its very difficult to portray, And I’ll use the term specifically, the horrors of war without being overt or grotesque in doing that. And that’s a very difficult line to follow in terms of being able to capture the essence of the scene to show the emotion to give, to tell the story without it just being a huge mess, aesthetically, physically, visually, not portrayed well, whatever, however you want to say that. So that’s the other challenge in terms of all that getting our own filters out of the way, in terms of how now do we actually do this? And that makes it much more tougher of a realm to push our modelling into.” Rick’s “Burden of Sorrow” barely needs any introduction, it is arguably world famous, and rightly so. Of course, it’s a tour de force of actual modelling. There is not a single element which is not superbly executed (and trust me I can always find an element I think is not quite right) for me, modelling-wise, its probably as close to perfect as it gets. The composition is dynamic and original, the rendering of everything, from cloth, to metal, to wood, to the ground, is incredibly detailed, from the macro impression to the fine marks and micro colour shifts, and over colour palette is muted but verging in warm, which lifts it and gives it some vitality that a fully desaturated palette cannot give. This edgy of warmth stops the colours blending into each other too much and keeps tonal separations. But of course, all of that is subconscious support to the wider point of the piece. What hits us is not the execution, it’s the emotion. It’s the story of the piece and the humans in it. The figure in the piece is not the only human, in fact I would argue the humans in the piece that hit us like an emotional bomb are the ones missing from it. The ones that left their possessions behind. What Rick has done is hit us with the absence of them, the essence of this crime against humanity. As Rick said in our SCU interview: “the biggest tool that we have as a modeler, as a presenter of our work, is actually the mind’s eye of the viewer… We don’t necessarily have to tell the entire story. We don’t have to put every detail out there. We have to start the paragraph and allow them to fill in the verse behind that” … “So you don’t have to be gross and gory and horrific in terms of what really happened there in terms of actually modeling that. You just have to kind of let them kind of, tell themselves that story and then they’ll fill in the blanks” …”This is I think was where we start getting into the art part of it. If that’s done well, if you’ve given them that little bit of a teaser at the beginning, each viewer is going to have a different experience. So when they look at that, you know, Chris will have one vision in his head and Will will have another vision in his head and Tracy will have another vision in his head and they will be unique but they’ll also be within the theme.” In this case, Rick has handled this atrocity very carefully, and with great sensitivity, without lessening any of its power to shock and touch us, by leading us to the idea of the war crime without showing us the worst of the war crime. SOME KIND OF MONSTER A few years later, in 2020, Rick made another diorama, at the behest of Fernando and AK Interactive. This time he tackled the genocide of the Rwanda Civil War of 1994. “This one was, prompted, let’s put it that way. Fernando, [ head of AK], he’d had in his mind to do a publication that was going to be about what he called ‘provocative subjects’. So kind of. as we were discussing before, subjects that would move the modeling world a little bit into that side of the direction, you know, create some buzz, some…controversy in a good way, some retrospect[sic], some thought. He had asked if he could use Burden of Sorrow, and of course I said yes, and he said, well, I’d like you to also do a new piece … for the book, and I just said, … I don’t know if I can do that, because…you know, to try to force something like that. I just said, I don’t know if I could do that because it was a special time, special place for that first one [Burden of Sorrow]. So he kept saying, you know, let’s give it a shot. Let’s try it. Let’s do this. And that lasted for literally about a year that he would say from time to time, hey, Rick, how are you doing with that project? And I would say, hey, Fernando, I don’t feel it… So finally, we get to a point, like I said, about a year later, and he said, well, this book is going to happen, and I’d really like to have your contribution, a new piece from you. And we had that same back and forth, and he said, how about if we do something around Rwanda, the genocide in Rwanda? … I knew of it, but I wasn’t really versed into it, or anything like that. So he sent me some photographs… and says, what if you did a scene such as this? … They were of like front end loaders, like John Deeres and Hitachis or big construction equipment, basically scooping up bodies and clearing land that people had been basically slaughtered in and putting them into ditches, much the same as you would see in those Holocaust videos at the end of World War II. And I said, okay, I’ll do something. And I started actually down that exact path of what the photographs laid out. So I actually built a loader. It’s a Hasegawa, a little front-end loader. And once I got that finished, I started trying to conceptualize what the scene would look like. Because I still didn’t have it in my head what this was gonna look like when I got done with it. And it was at that point I’m going like, … this concept is not gonna work, at least for me… The loader was too large, which created the scene that was gonna be, the base was gonna be too large. I was gonna lose all the emotional impact of what this was gonna happen. It was gonna easily slip into that it’s too grotesque, just all these bodies, that kind of stuff. “And I thought, I need to recalibrate this. So that led to what it ended up being, which was take the mechanical part out of this, which was, had this fellow who, you know, happens to have the task of having to bury these bodies and he’s just got his spade and he’s just like basically standing there in the scene, taking a break or reflecting on what he’s doing, this terrible task that he has to do. and then this small child that’s above him, who is either like I mentioned, either his son who’s there just to help, or maybe he’s a child of one of the victims that’s in this trench. And that brought it back down to a very much more emotional and personal level that I think a viewer could empathize with.” Again, Rick created a scene that relied more on the emotion of the witnesses, the gravedigger and the child, than it did on the death in the scene, although this time ‘bodies’ are present in the form of body bags. We know there is death here, but the emotion is in the two witnesses, not in blood or gore. However, like Burden of Sorrow, it presents us with an aspect of war that people do not model. These are not cool looking tanks, they are not technical models of perfectly researched specific aircraft types. They confront us with what war is, and what its depths can descend to. When it Isn’t Done Well The book “Some Kind of Monster” was made for, was the now infamous book “Condemnation” from AK Interactive. I asked Rick about why this book became so controversial. “… the book seems to have had very, I think, very laudable aims of trying to do what we’re talking about, of doing it and doing it well, but it wasn’t received very well. Why do you think that was? “Well, I think it came down to just the initial marketing campaign. It was certainly off the mark. …As a contributor, I sent in my articles and again, this, this project had been going on for, for quite some time, I had no idea of the, when the release date was going to be. And I wake up in the morning and I check my emails and my Facebook and whatever, and it’s jam packed with a bunch of people who are very, very angry at me and wishing not very good things, which is like, what the heck just happened? You know? So I didn’t even know it was been released. I had no idea. I finally did see the clips. There was one initially, I think another one came out either a few hours or the next day. And. I was taken aback, personally, by the clips and the marketing because… I understood what the intention of the book was supposed to be, which was to ask these questions and to kind of push modeling in, like I said, a provocative direction showing the… not the greatest sides of life and humanity. What it came across as, was a Freddy Krueger sort of horror story promo because there were splatters of blood. There were red backgrounds. There was a bunch of…barbed wire crosses here and there, and it just, it literally was a horror movie promo versus a promotion for provocative works of art. And of course the subjects inside were difficult by intention and so you put those two overlapping each other and yeah, it took quite a hit. I contacted Fernando I think the next day and I said, listen, I understand what you’re trying to do here but you totally missed the mark on the marketing here. This is absolutely backfiring. You probably know that by now. So I ended up doing a rewrite of the entire book for him, for them, over the next couple of weeks. They pulled it. They pulled the marketing for sure. I don’t know if they pulled the book, but they pulled, basically, I got the book and he says, okay, Rick, go through it and you take out [or rewrite] everything that you think is controversial, especially the introductions, because AK had written introductions to most of the chapters. So even my work had a new introduction to it. So, I rewrote all those, because they were much more aggrandized in terms of the horror and the whatever. And so. I sent that back and then they came out with a second edition or new release a month or so later.” “Yeah, it also underlines how… if you’re going to broach these subjects in scale modeling, you really have to do so with some sensitivity, you know?” “Some respect as well, I think.” “Yeah. And that was an interesting, that was certainly interesting few days to a week right there because that turmoil did not go away very quickly… It was… fascinating. You hear these stories about teenage girls getting bullied on the internet and such like that and they do all these things. That was … the closest I’ve ever felt like, oh my gosh, this is actually a pretty real feeling that you get when people that you know, people that you’ve had conversations with, other modelers, people you respect and such, are just chastising you for being involved in that project. And I’m like… you know, I don’t know what to tell you here.” “I think the aims of the book were laudable and in a way it’s a shame that it got mishandled and that it did because I think it is important that modelling covers these things and goes beyond the usual kind of tank on a plank and stuff and tries to ask the audience questions.” “Yeah, there’s some good pieces in there, in both editions actually, and including, and this is somebody that can be a very much part of this conversation that we’re having, is Pete Usher. His little boy sitting on top of those trash bags is part of the addendum of that book, or the gallery in the back of that book, which is a fantastic piece that, once again, communicates a very strong message.” I very much agree with Rick that the marketing, and the sensationalisation of the subjects in the book were major mistakes that AK made in tackling such sensitive, but ultimately important topics. The vast majority of the content was very sensitively handled, and the marketing undid the subtlety of that. But also, some of the content was, for me, problematic. In particular, the gas chamber diorama. In most cases the book was treated in the same way as any other AK book, and was largely a step-by-step book, and for me, colour call outs for gas chamber tiles, was a level of banality that jarred in a very distasteful way, with the subject of the model. If we are to consider works like this, as art, which they can be, I think we should be focussing on the subject, not the execution. The inference that we are encouraging people to copy these pieces is, at best, strange. As Rick says, the book was re-edited and reprinted, at (no doubt) considerable cost and loss to AK. It is a fact in publishing that you have to sell a very significant proportion of a print run to even break even, and the way the second edition followed the first so closely, suggests to me that a large part of the first print run was probably pulped. Although the first edition missed the mark so terribly, the ideal of the book is, in my opinion, noble. To make a statement about the darker side of humanity, and to try to use modelling, in the same way as art, to tackle these subjects. It is notable that in all the furore over the book though, that anger at the way the content was handled, and the marketing of the book, crossed over significantly with a subsection of anger that these subjects were even tackled at all by modellers. What Modelling Can Do and What it Should Not Do The reaction to the book is seen as being one thing, but really it was different kinds of complaints that merged into one reaction and dare I say, some of those complaints are the kind of reactions that I discussed at the start of this piece, that modelling should not address things like war crimes. I think that opinion is wrong. Pieces like Burden of Sorrow, and Some Kind of Monster, and Peter Usher’s ‘Childhood?’ are important models. Modelling can have a social conscience, it can ‘say’ something, and a culture that represses that is a culture that seeks to prevent modelling being something more than making scale representations of a vehicle, accurately built, and adequately finished, and I don’t want to work in a hobby that chooses to limit itself that way. On the other hand, the legitimate criticisms of the book are fundamentally true. They go against what makes work like Rick’s and others so powerful: the understatement, the inference rather than the gratuitous show. The subtlety that focusses on emotion and not shock. If we are going to elevate modelling through addressing such serious subjects well, then we have a responsibility to do it with a huge amount of introspection and thought, and a sensitivity and subtlety that allows is to leave nothing out emotionally, while avoiding gratuitous detail.

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If there is a gap of more than 5mm, you should neglect that choice, and it will be more beneficial if you choose a guitar by yourself and not with the choice of a salesman. Tip-2 Are the tuning pecks tight or loose? Tuning peck of a guitar is delicate by looks. So, You should check those tuning peck’s condition from their backside if they are loose or tight. The gear of tuning pecks should be closed/tight every time. Tip- 3 Check for the cracks Firstly, Check for the cracks everywhere on a guitar. Mostly a guitar has a crack on its neck platform (stocking point). Secondly, put the guitar in a flat position and check the cracks on its chamber (wooden side) by tapping on it. If you get a weird sound by tapping on the chamber, it means that the guitar has a crack. Tip-4 The guitar’s neck should be straight. Check the neck of the guitar for any curves or bends. Impeccably, your guitar should have a straight neck and block the strings from hitting the frets as you play. If the guitar has a bow or back bow, playing the guitar is more complex, especially for newcomers. If you’re doubtful of how to check your guitar’s neck relief, ask a professional. They should check and identify any likely problems with your guitar neck and make corrections as needed. Tip-5 Check the Brand Name or Logo If you are buying a branded guitar, firstly, you should check its name/logo at the head of the guitar (with the tuning pecks) and secondly under the sound-hole. Tip-6 Check for the bridge Mostly the beginners make a mistake by buying a guitar having an Aluminium bridge on it. If you buy a guitar under a price of ₹2000-₹3000, it consists of an Aluminium bridge (hanging bridge), then you can’t play it for more than 1-2 years. So, if you need a better guitar, then it should have a fixed bridge. Tip- 7 Check for the belt notch If you like to play the guitar by hanging it with a belt, you should buy a belt notch at the bottom of it. However, if you think of drilling a hole in it, you should deny that thought because it can cause a crack in the guitar. So always check for the belt notch on it. Tip-8 Check for the Serial number If you are purchasing a branded guitar, it must include a serial number at the end of the neck or the side of the sound-hole. Tip-9 Check for the Good echo sound While doing a strum, check for the strum’s echo sound; if it gives you a sound for more than 4 seconds, that guitar has a perfect quality sound. Tip-10 Select the right size guitar When deciding between guitar sizes, you may need to consider the age of who you’re buying the guitar. Usually, our experts recommend a half-size guitar for ages 5 – 7, a three-quarter size guitar for ages 7-10, and a whole size guitar for ages 11 and up. So, if you follow all the above tips while buying your first guitar, you will rock the world! What are some guitar accessories you will need ? When deciding how to buy a guitar, it’s essential to look at guitar accessories to get you playing in no time. Necessary guitar accessories includes : - Guitar amps: An amplifier/speaker is an essential accessory for an electric guitar. In most situations, a small “practice amp” will avail for newer students. However, students interested in rock, pop, and blues may want a “two-channel” amp – that is, one with the inclination of both clean tone and distorted tone. - Instrument cable: The instrument cable combines the electric guitar with the amp. It would be best to make sure the line is long enough to reach from the amp to the student’s chair/stool. - Headphones: Many amps have headphone jacks, which help keep practice volume inaudible to family members, neighbors, pets, etc., for instance. - Extra strings for your guitar: Guitar strings infrequently break through the consistent use, so a different set of strings/lines is a good investment. Also, Make sure to buy strings/lines that are harmonious with either an electric or acoustic guitar. - Guitar case: A guitar case is a necessity for guarding the instrument during travel. Soft cases (“gig bags”) are reasonable and acceptable for car rides and general use. Complicated issues offer more excellent protection for more upscale instruments or when taking the guitar on an airplane. Best 10 Guitar Brands in India 1. Guitar Brand : YAMAHA Yamaha is a leading Japanese Company which is one of the best guitar brand in India and also known for producing an extensive range of musical instruments. It has caught the attention of beginners and intermediate guitar players due to its budget-friendly product prices. Therefore, it is an excellent choice for those who will first experience buying any guitar. They can surely get a good deal without demanding a fortune. Yamaha continuously manufactures high-quality instruments that are insurmountable when it comes to the material or even sound quality. Apart from offices and Japan, Yamaha company has about 44 bureaus and representative offices across the world. Its music is a part of Yamaha Corporation that provides excellent musical instruments. Yamaha Music authorized during the year 2008, and its headquarters is in Gurgaon, Haryana. This guitar brand offers outstanding products and services. The company launches new products in music through its research and development. In addition, the company cares for its customers by rendering a better service after sales that ensure positive growth. Their various products produced in the music category are strings, guitars, pianos, keyboards, drums etc. Furthermore, The company well receives for its extensive range of acoustic, classical and electric guitars. Moreover, The acoustic series of Yamaha lights up with the contribution in the ilk of L, F, FG, FS series and more. These are pretty much ideal for those exploring the initial venture into the guitar world. The superior playability of the Yamaha guitars is well suited for beginners or those in the middle of their learning process. With a flawless balance of quality and price, these guitars will never hinder your way of learning, unlike most new instruments. - Accessible price ranges. - Great for beginners. - Uncompromising quality despite mass production methods. - Feature radical design body shapes in solid electric models - Produce fantastic bass guitars. - Lower budget entry models will not fill a concert hall. - Most people prefer older Yamaha Acoustics. 2. Guitar Brand : EPIPHONE Epiphone is an American musical instrument industry which is one of the best guitar brand in India and established in 1873 and headquartered in Tennessee, United States. The company designs acoustic and electric guitars. The Top guitar brands produced by this company are perfect for beginners and professional players. Epiphone provides one for every guitarist out there and has a product lineage featuring electric, acoustic and other choices. In addition, One of its famed choices among the acoustic line is the Les Paul Ukulele, an actual vintage piece. The guitar has termed as the market leader in the acoustic guitar field. It comes with a mahogany body promoted by top laminated rosewood fingerboard and maple top. Also, The tone of the same is genuinely reverberating. Furthermore, As for electric options around, a name to look for is SG unique electric guitar. It holds iconic status among guitar users and features excellent build quality paired with refined sound output. For beginners, one of the best guitar brands in India is Les Paul 100, and Les Paul Special II are the perfect acoustic best guitar brands for them. These guitars are available at a low price. Les Paul Plus Top Pro or Les Paul Custom Pro is an ideal choice for professional’s guitar players. The models of Epiphone offers the best quality coupled with multiple features. - Produce Gibson-like tone - It comes in a lower amount that is affordable for a majority - Have a similar design to Gibson - Make use of new Pro-Bucker pickups producing a unique sound - Use low-quality material. - Have cheap electrical components - It tries to copy Gibson but not succeeds well 3. Guitar Brand : IBANEZ Ibanez, an offering of Japanese manufacturers and the best guitar brand in India and has built up enough brand status over the years. They are famed as the first leading brand to come up with mass production of seven and eight-string guitars. Their product line includes classical, acoustic and electric ones. Moreover, Ibanez is the pioneer to begin the first 7-stringed guitar. They are the inventors of the 7-stringed instrument in 1990 with the collaboration universe. Most Ibanez guitars come with a full-size frigate shape having a top of laminated preferred dapper. Ibanez guitars have mahogany neck, back, and sides, along with 20 frets on a rosewood fretboard. The Ibanez-branded headstock came with winning quality and locked chrome die-cast tuners. Therefore, These all features make the Ibanez guitars fit for every kind of style and genre of music. Also, They provide two primary solid body forms; the RG (24 fret standard, thicker body) and the S (22 frets, thinner ). Other styles include arched tops. The bulk of their guitars are floating tremolo, but there are some fixed bridge options. In addition, they have a range of pickup combinations. They also offer many signature series lines Joe Satriani JS series, JEM and Universe with Steve Vai, the K7 with Head and Munky, to name a few. The Ibanez company subdivides into Custom, Prestige, Premium, and Gio, their budget series line. - Epic range of stock. - Solid/hollow bodied. - Their high-end guitars are unbelievable. - Great craftsmanship. - They have a range of inexpensive entry-level instruments. - Entry-level and Acoustic guitars are not good with zero unique quality. 4. Guitar Brand : FENDER Fender is well known for offering top quality musical instruments and is the best guitar brand in India. Not just today, instead it always has excelled in the list of best guitar brands as an icon in music history. It produces a brighter tone, following single coil pickups rather than the humbuckers. The single-coil pickups specially designed to scratching through the mix with the glorious sound to create the characteristic style. The central part of Fender guitars may cause problems with humming. Fender guitars have a measured length of about 25.5 inches, including the strings from the nut to the bridge. Such an extensive scale length is added, generating a rich, bell-like sound. However, the long lines are more challenging to play due to extended string tension. Fender guitars are among the most popular models globally, yet many players are on the fence about whether or not they are one of the best labels. It is actually because many other guitars from iconic brands outshine Fender in terms of quality, playability, or accuracy. It has an incredible legacy over its competitors, connected with a genuine tone that satisfies nostalgia and makes it pure for recreating the authentic rock tones of bygone eras. Their ascension to fame was from their game-changing Stratocaster and Telecaster series; just about everyone from Buddy Holly to Jimi Hendrix has played a Fender and brought the company into the spotlight in its blooms. The acoustic series comes in different options like Parlor, Concert, Jumbo, Triple O and more. It also has a product line under others named Squier, Charvel, Jackson, EVH and more. - Infamous models. - Classic first electric guitars. - Celebrity collaborated models (EVH) - Positive ‘Fender’ tones - Newer, lower-priced models are not always as well constructed as competitive models. - There are modernized guitars with better quality for the same budget. 5. Guitar Brand : GIBSON A famous American guitar manufacturer , Gibson is a musical instrument industry established in 1902 and headquartered in Tennessee, United States. It is also famous as the best guitar brand in India. The company produces a guitar and other musical instruments. Gibson was first known as Gibson Guitar Corp and retitled as Gibson Brands. Gibson appears to have the features that depreciate the drawbacks in the Fenders series. The USA Company comes with humbucker pickups that reduce noise and humming concerns and produce a warm sound. Unlike Fender, Gibson guitars have a shorter measure length of approximately 24.75 inches. Thus, the easy bending makes a more pleasing and smooth sound, emblematic of the brand. You can surely go for a Gibson guitar to enjoy a Fender guitar quality on short strings. It is famed as the creator of some of the fascinating guitar pieces around, like top arch ones, the SG series, Flying V, ES175, Firebird and more. The ES 175 was the first famous electric guitar around the world at the time. Another unique offering under them is the Les Paul Melody Maker, which has been the go-to option worldwide. - The rarest addition in the world of rock due to the most appealing design - Employs high-quality supplies for construction - Presents outclass craftsmanship - Diminish humming and easy to play - Produce less bright tone due to Humbucker pickups - It may not be suitable for newbies or beginners - Heavy-weight makes it hard to handle sometimes 6. Guitar Brand : MARTIN A leading guitar producer company across the world, Martin is considered as the best guitar brand in India. The company based out of America was established in 1833 and known for its steel-string and flat top guitars. Martins make great-sounding entry-level guitars and are perfect for beginners. They won’t set you back too much. They employ proper materials in their construction. Their Cheaper DX series features laminates, but you receive what you pay for, and they make incredible sounding budget guitars. They are exceptional for fingerpicking and classic styles. They provide a range of models, including a few attractive electric travel options. Their older models sought after; one D-28 played by Elvis fetched over 100,000 bucks at auction in his final concert. They also offered a line of solid-bodied electric modelled after Fender, which is relatively rare. - Easy to play (suitable for newcomers). - Consistent quality. - The quality though uniform, isn’t thrilling. - Low-end models can be discouraging to a more seasoned player. - Laminate tops on low-priced models. 7. Guitar Brand : ESP As one of the best guitar producers around the globe, ESP’s popularity and reputation as one of the best guitar brand in India places it at seven on our list. ESP Guitars first experimented in the year 1975 under the direction of Hisatake Shibuya. The company established in Tokyo, Japan, at the time. Initially, the company only dealt with quality replacement parts for the guitar. However, in 1976, Hisatake Shibuya started offering his guitars to users. The Tokyo company took great curves along the way and is rightly known as the raisers of one of the highest quality guitars. Some company’s using ESP include Kramer, Robin guitars, DiMarzio, and OEM. Additionally, George Lynch’s ESP Kamikaze was their first signature model, which grew with James Hetfield’s Eet Fuk. They have gone on to become the top thrash metal guitars. They also make the best bass guitars. Their custom series sought after, and they are far more affordable than some custom series. They feature some traditional frames (AX, EX, Horizon, Eclipse, Viper, Phoenix) for their bodies and come in a range of modern, aesthetically gratifying designs. - Affordable and well-made. - Lots within their range. - Excellent for Metal genres. - Cheaper models can have a lower life expectancy. - V shapes are more challenging to play sitting. - Some find the bolt-on construction of the body awkward. 8. Guitar Brand : TAYLOR Also admired as a top guitar brand, Taylor company was established in 1974 by Bob Taylor and Kurt Listug. Taylor is an American company that produces high-level acoustic guitars. It is one of the best guitar brand in India. The company also manufactures electric guitars, but their acoustic guitars are famous than electric ones. Since its initiation, the company has expanded into a leading builder of excellent acoustic guitars. The company combines modern and innovative manufacturing techniques with a master craftsman’s attention and produces fantastic instruments. In addition, Taylor 200 series is the most reliable series available, and all the models under this series give a big sound and are available at a fair cost. These models are small in size but still have their notoriety. They offer a lot of affordable models; however, they aren’t much better than beginner quality. High-end Taylors, however, make a fantastic tone, have excellent sound and fret efficiency and are durable and expertly crafted with high-quality woods but cost a little more. - Proficiently built. - Expertly designed. - Affordable lines. - Outstanding high-end guitars. - Cheap guitars aren’t brilliant. - Can be on the thin side. 9. Guitar Brand : PRS (Paul Reed Smith) The PRS guitars, also known as Paul Reed Smith Guitars, are a famous musical instrument company established in 1985. Also, The company headquartered in Maryland, United StatesIt is one of the best guitar brand in India. These guitars have been established a status for manufacturing high-end guitars. The company produces those products are electrical and acoustic guitars and guitar amplifiers. The company’s guitar manufacturing process is an ongoing process of discovery. The company devotes itself to the rich heritage when they are committed to new technologies. Due to this, the products enrich with great tone, beauty, and productivity. They offer an affordable line and signature line imported from Korea. PRS guitars also have confined series guitars such as their Dragon models and their private stock customized line, making one-off pieces obtain upwards of $10,000. They have achieved everything in a short space of time and are one of the rare high-end bespoke brands to develop into the mainstream industry. - Excellent consistency. - Higher quality in high-end models. - There are better guitars in their corresponding price range. - It is costly. 10. Guitar Brand : SEAGULL Also, as one of the best guitar brand in India, Seagull, is a Canadian company that was established during the year 1982 and headquartered in Quebec, Canada. The company produces acoustic guitars. One of their most discernible features is their head-stock shape which joins the tuning machines and nuts and gives better tuning consistency. They also have a frame that curves ever so lightly around the sound-hole instead of being flat-topped. Acoustic guitar artists use several guitars, including Kim Deal and James Blunt. Moreover, Their S6 makes for one of their best-selling instruments. They step away from classical guitar design propels their low-priced guitars into the reams of sound quality levels that rival high-end boutique models—it volumes about their integrity and commitment to offering the best sounding guitars achievable. - Expertly designed - Affordably priced. - Great for novices but also well-loved by seasoned players. - Awesome range of guitars. - Some people hate the classic head-stock design. - Not as much fame with the brand as there ought to be. FAQ | Guitar buying guide for beginners-Best Guitar Brands in India From our list, Epiphone and Seagull provide some unbelievably good high-end models, but Martins and Taylors are pretty decent, excellent for beginners and unbeatable value for the money. ESP or Ibanez are decent for metal and heavier styles, but we think Epiphone, Fender and Yamaha make any of the best electric guitars all in all. For acoustic, the Taylor range is affordable and cheerful electric; we recommend Yamaha’s entry-level stocks, a Les Paul Epi or a Fender, for that discernible tone. It depends on what you want; for reasonable budgets, ESP and Yamaha make some great Basses under ₹40,000. The Epiphone Thunderbird is also a great option. The Fender Jazz basses are pretty great all-rounders. If you have a better budget, you might desire to check out the Ibanez Thunder-cat or some of Yamaha’s signature series. Editor’s Note | Guitar buying guide for beginners-Best Guitar Brands in India The guitar is not just a musical instrument but also a way to express your feelings. Once you are friendly with it, it will turn out to be your best companion that will never leave you even after ages. Consequently, it is essential to buy a good quality guitar from the best guitar brand available near you. You may find a flood of numerous guitar brands in the Indian market. All of them asserts to deliver the best products. So, it is a bit difficult for a beginner to choose the right one. That is why having earlier background knowledge about all the brands is of utmost importance before you invest money in a guitar. Such know-how will help you to avoid the trap of words of mouth.

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Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE About The Loup City northwestern. (Loup City, Neb.) 189?-1917 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 9, 1913) Entered at the Loup City Postofllce for trans mission through the mails as second Office Phone, - 6 on 21 Residence, - - 3 on 21 J, W. BURLEIGH. Editor and Pub At the meeting of the county board this morning, and the certificate of election of J. S. Pedler as county at torney coming up for approval, Night, ingal & Son, attorneys for W. J. Fisher, appeared before it demanding the certificate of election be not ap proved. After evidence was sub mitted pro and con by both sides, and the a&uments given, the county board went into secret executive ses sion to determine their action in the matter. After weighing the matter for perhaps half an hour, the board unanimously approved Mr. Pedler's certificate of election. The thermometer slipped down to nearly fifty below in the mountain country during the recent cold spell. Our 20 below looks like a summer va cation by the side of that record. The legislature opened its 33rd ses sion Monday. The house being demo cratic and the senate republican, of course the third houses will be of the same political character. When Governor-elect Morehead,who is also president of the senate,^opened that end of the legislature Monday, he omitted the usual opening prayer. The conclusion arrived at was that the governor-elect must have consid ered the senators past praying for. Whew! The government thermom eter registered 12 below Sunday and Monday nights, and Tuesday night registered 20 degrees below, .lust what common sense there is in the old bulb going so far out of the way no one seems to be able to say. With a democratic president, demo, cratic congress in both branches, and a goodly majority of the states with democratic governors and either one or both houses of each state demo cratic, surely the country is undergo ing sufficient punishment for all past sins of omission or commission. And so the thirty-three big dyna mite conspirators are to get out on bail, pending a hearing on a writ of supercedeas. If the dangerous dubs had only stolen a loaf of bread or been into some other small affair they would be doing time galore. As it is, they seem to be having a picnic with The courts have been trying to get service on Oil Magnate Rockefeller for several weeks, but his doctors say he is suffering from an affliction of the throat, which would preclude his talking, hence he is still at his home and the official program has to go on without him. Pretty slick old geiser, Kelley of Hall was elected speaker of the house, Henry C. Richmond chief clerk and Horace Davis, editor of the Ord Journal, was made first assistant. Clyde Bernard, who has been holding various positions in the legislature for the Lord only knows how long, catches on again, and this time to the secretaryship of the sen ate. Well, Clyde surely knows all about it, if a decade or longer of ex perience is worth anything. MANY MEN VVITMCUT RELIGION ^gnosticism and Deliberate Unbelief Astonishingly Prevalent Among Citizens cf Florence, Italy. Prof. Ugo Giusti, head of the statis tics bureau of .Florence, gives some curious particulars in regard' to the religious beliefs of the Florentines, declared in last year’s census. Heading the section of “No Religion” about ten per cent, are printers and about the same number of profession al men and artists, nine per cent, of civil servants, the finer trades and railway and tramway employes. In answer to the query on their religion curious answers were received. "I believe in the God of Garibaldi and Mazzini," “Religion is home,” “Catholic, but do not believe In God’s ministers,” “Catholic of my own con science," “Agnostic,” “Positivist,” “Ma terialist," “Anti-clerical Christian," In the population of 232,860 almost 205,695 declare themselves to be Cath olic, 1,541 Protestants, Protestants of other nationalities 1,798, Jews 2,569, other creeds 144, no religion 8,316, un 8ave the Label. “Awkwardness in pouring medicine from a bottle cost me $2,” a man said. “Because I poured It out on the label side and got thp number of the pre ■ acription and the date blurred the druggftt wouldn’t refill It, and I had to give the doctor another call. I got no sympathy from the druggist. “ *But you had to learn your les son/ he said. ‘Nearly everybody does. It seems second nature for everybody except nurses, doctors and druggists to pour medicine from the label side of a bottle. The professionals never do. They always pour from the oppo site side and keep the label clean Laymen, after they have paid tb price of a consultation for the esp<_ jUntTi also adopt that method.’ ” | Subscription to the North- g § western is $1.50 a year j) |5 Single Copy 5 cents yj Buy PURE Drugs at Right prices at The Rexall Drug Store. Satisfac Vaughn & Hinman. Fritz Leschinski returned to the State University Monday. LOOK up Lee Bros, before you sell your chickens. Mrs. A. B. Outhouse visited at Ash ton with Mrs. Polski last Saturday. See J. L. Fort for windmill and pump work. Phone 10-on-59. Miss Winnie Outhouse returned to the State University last Saturday. $ $ $ $ $ $ for chickens at Lee Miss Zelpha Reed returned to her studies at Lincoln last Saturday. Mrs. B. J. Swanson came up from Utica last week to visit relatives and friends over Sunday. Ladies, if you want style and com fort, let Mrs. Rritchard tit you in a Miss Melva Danielson returned to Fremont last Saturday, where she is musical instructor in the schools. Lee Bros, still pay the highest market price for chickens. Master Charles Marcy was going through a siege of chicken pox last You had better till your bins with your supply of soft coal for winter use. Come and see our coal. Miss Florence Leininger left Mon day morning for her studies at the Dr Yallier, Osteopath. Grand Island Grandma Angier was^victim of la grippe last week but isTeported much Leave orders for theC.L. McDonald dray at either lumber yard,or E. G. Nothing like it for heatand cleanli ness. Try a load of the Youghiogheny nut coke from the Keystone Lumber Co., and be convinced. We are paying 30 cents casli for cream delivered at the creamery. We test and pay casli for cream. Ravenna Creamery Co. John W. Long and children returned from Lincoln last Saturday, where they had been to spend New Year's with Mr._and Mrs. W. K, Mellor and Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Sleeth. If you want good, prompt draying, call on C. L. McDonald, successor to Merl McLaughlin went down to Omaha last Saturday to pass exami nation as an undertaker. He returned Wednesday, having passed the exam ination in tine shape. If you want a dray, phone A. L. En derlee, 8 on 63, or leave your order with either lumber yard or E. G. Taylor. Best of service guaranteed. We understand the loss of L. N. Smith New Year's day, when his cow barn and silo were destroyed by tire, amounted to about $1000, with some $600 insurance on the same. For Sale—Good Hard coal base bur ner, used only one season. Also a small soft coal heating stove. R. H. Mathew. Miss Edith Smith left Monday morning to visit a couple of weeks in Omaha with Constance Jenner, who is studying for a nurse at Clarkson County Superintendent Currier moved his office into the new Waite building last Friday, and has the two front rooms in the second story, mak ing a very fine place for him. Myrl A. Warrick moved his family to town last Friday and into one of Mrs. Viola Odendahl’s cottages. He will now put all of his time in the , R. N. Pritchard received word last week Thursday that his father had died that day at his home in Gales burg, Illinois and Friday morning he and his son, Cash Pritchard, left to attend the funeral. The class of ’09 held a reunion last Thursday evening at the home of R. J. Hiddleson, where a member, Chris Sorenson, was staying while here. All members of the class were present ex cept one, and a tine time was reported. Rev. J. C. Tourtellot went down to St. Paul Tuesday to assist in the in stallation of Rev. P. A. Davies, the new Presbyterian minister at that Mr. and Mrs. Frank Van Valin of ■ Nelson, this state, were here over last Sunday visiting their cousins, Mr. and Mrs. Ward Ver Valin, and family. They have sold out at Nelso^ and from here Monday morning went to Dayton, New Mexico, where Mr. Van Valin has purchased land. Tom, McCarthy, of Ravenna, has sighed articles of agreement to meet Hargis, of Grand Island, in a 10-round boxing contest at North Platte, dur ing the meeting of the Nebraska State Firemen’s Convention, some time next month. North Platte has raised a pmse of *500 for the exhibit M. R. Youngquest writes us from his new home near Watertown, S. D., as follows: "I ain sending you *1.50 for your paper, as we can’t get along without it. We are having some very nice weather here this winter. All the folks well and enjoying good health. Wish you and all friends a Happy New Year,” etc. Same toyou and yours, old boy. Everything carried in a first class Drug Store at. The Rexall Drugstore. Prices right and satisfaction guaran teed. Vaughn & Henman. A. L. Zimmerman this week re orders the Northwestern to visit his brother, W.D. Zimmerman, at Albany, Ohio, for another year. Look out for Lorentz’ clothing sale. The Industrial Society meets with Mrs. S. E. Gallaway next Wednesday, Elba Smalley went to Omaha Mon day morning to visit a couple of weeks 500 suits and overcoats to go at bot tom price at Lorentz'. Ed Ohlsen, Don Charlton and Chris Sorensen returned to their studies at the State University last Saturday. Wanted—A housekeeper. I have three small girls. Must be a good woman. Address Frank Ebel, Spauld Mr. S. Foss has rented the Archie Zimmerman place just west of the bridge in Webster township, to move thereon the first of March. Mrs. Knowlton, mother of Dr. Main, was suffering from a severe at tack of la grippe last week, bub is better at present. George Truelsen arrived last Friday from his hotae at Dolores, Colo., to be here a few days on business and to greet old friends. For information of improvements on Bookwalter lease at one-third crop and taxes, write Chas. Neuman, North Loup, Nebr. jan. 16 Mr. and Mrs. George Wilson, a young married couple of Marquette, this state, who had been visiting over New Year's with Mrs. Wilson’s uncle, Mr. George Zeigler, and family, in Oak Creek, returned home Monday morning having been guests over Sun day of Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Lyons in A fine 10-pound boy came to the home of P. O. Lewandowski in Logan township last Sunday morning, and Pete says he is worth a good farm already. Latest reports are that mother and baby are doing nicely and Pete feels several sections of land Mr. and Mrs. Vic Swanson left Tues day morning for St. Joe, where Mr. Swanson went to purchase goods for his store. They were to stop off at Aurora on the way for a day’s visit A. P. Paulson tells us he will go to Salinas couDty, California, to live sometime this month. He has a mar ried daughter there, and thinks it the finest country ever. Asking if he had disposed of all his holdings here, he said no, nor intended to at present. Bet a beaver hat he comes back here to stay some time. Mr.and Mrs. H.H.Gunnof Esmond. 111., was here last week visiting and looking after their land in the Wiggle Creek district. They had been visit ing at Kearney before coming up here. Of course, they renewed for future visits of the Northwestern to their Illinois home, Mrs. Gunn making this office a pleasant call last Saturday for A. L. Zimmerman returned last Friday evening from his extended trip to Texas. He traveled over some 1000 miles of Texas country while absent. Mr. Zimmerman returns with the same belief in the future of the portions of Texas in which he has become interested, acknowledging though that there are many parts of the state which are mere barren wastes on which it were useless to waste time and opportunities. He may return to the favored portions within a few weeks on business mat We received a pleasant call last Sat urday from our young friend, C. S. Stroud, who was up from Boelus on business. Since quitting the dray business here, he has gone into the cement business at Boelus and has a fine business there. He has a number of contracts in his line to begin as soon as spring opens. Of course he secures Northwestern visits to his home for the future. Last Sunday night the thermometer began a hike cellarwards and by morn ing had crept several feet beneath the surface of Mother Earth. Sundayold Boreas kept up good licks and by Monday morning people began to wish for “Good Old Summer time,” with variations. However, Old Sol began taking a hand in the wrestling match and proved several toe and hammer holds on Old Boreas and by Tuesday had the old sinner with his shoulders pinned to the mat. Our good friend, A. M. Lewis of Hamilton county, has moved up and onto his farm south of this city and will become one of Sherman county’s good and great. M r. Lewis has ow ned land here for the past three or four years, his son, Ed Lewis, living on the same until dad could close up his af fairs down there and now we have two good Lewis families as citizens of the best county in the state, where we had only one before. Morning Star Rebekah lodge held its tirst meeting in the new I.O.O.F. hall Wednesday night, Jan. 1st, and installed the following newly elected officers: Noble grand, Aimee Conger: vice grand,Mrs. P. T. Rowe;secretary, Nettie Conger; treasurer, Rose Thomp* son; right supporter of noble grand, Mrs. Pritchard; left supporter of noble gand, Mrs. Taylor Gibson; right sup porter pf vice grand, Mrs. J. S. Ped ler; left supporter of vice grand, Mrs. W. D. French;chaplain, Mrs. Reed; warden; Mrs. Katie Hendrickson; con ductor, Mrs. Veiner; inside guard, Mrs. DeWitt; outside guard, Mrs. We pay cash for eggs delivered at Ravenna Creamery Co. The Northwestern will publish the county treasurer's report next week. Mrs. Gus Lorentz has issued invita tions for an “At Nome” this after E. G. Taylor and family returned Wednesday noon from their trip to Born, Thesday, Jan. 7, J913, to Mr. and Mrs. Frank McCarville on Route 3, a tine boy. Congratulations. The K. of P.’s had their installation of officers for the ensuing year last evening. We gave a list of the in coming official roster two weeks since. Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Cooper left Tues day noon for their home at Mitchell, Nebr., after a visit over the holiday Art Magnuson of Marquette, who has been visiting his parents here for a couple of weeks, returned home O. F. Petersen has purchased the Solms hardware and furniture stock from Mrs. John Solms, to take pos sesion the first of March. Mrs. Corning and Frank Zwink and wife returned from their Iowa visit Dr. Carrie L. Bowman left Tuesday morning for York, where she will com bine business with pleasure in a few days’ stay, returning home tomorrow.' Deputy Clerk Slominski's eight months-old baby, which has been seriously ill for the past few days, is much better at the hour of going to All Odd Fellows are especially re quested to be present at the new hall Saturday evening, Jan. 11, as there will be special business. Don’t fail Earl Thompson had a severe attack of pleurisy Tuesday, but had gotten the best of it by next day. Pleurisy is a nice thing to have, eh, Earl? Many of the water pipes about the city went out of commission the first three nights of this week. But how could aught else be expected when 20 below was reached by the heartless M. C. Mulick this week advanced his subscription and that of his son, Din Mulick, at Perma, Montana, for another year's visits of the North Mr. and Mrs. Emil Schuman of Ashton, who had been making an over-Sunday visit with their son, Wm. Schuman, and family, returned home Mrs. Will George and small children left for Marquette Tuesday morning, accompanied by Mrs. Paul and Mrs. Turgeson, both of Wyoming, who had been visiting her here. Mrs. George may continue her visit a couple of Following are those who won the prizes at the Masquerade Ball given by our German Yerein friends New Year's Eve: Gent’s costume—Bert Kay. Lady’s costume—Eva Briggs. Gent's comic costume—Bob .Tenner. Lady’s prize—Mrs. Willard Thompson and Mrs. R. N. Pritchard. Biggest fool Bud O'Bryan returned from Omaha, where he had an eye removed. Some years ago he ran a wire into his right eye. This wound became affected of late, and in order to save the other eye it was deemed best to have it re moved. He is getting along nicely and is able to be around—Grand We received a pleasant call Monday from ouryoung friend, Will Schneider eit, who incidentally advanced the subscription to the Northwestern another year for his sister, Mrs. Emil SchnacK of Dixon, Iowa. Will has been working the past season for Ed Oltmann of Schaupps, but may this coming year take charge of his father’s farm in the northeast part of this We learn that Treasurer F. M. Henry and wife are at present at the home of Mrs. Henry’s sister in Chica go. and that Mr. Henry is trying to imitate the patience and affliction of Job, in that he is suffering from a succession of boils, and has not been able to be out of the house since Christmas. Certainly the tribula tions of our genial friend have about reached the maximum limit. A card from our friend, G. W. Marv -1, who has been at Beresford, S. D., as department manager in a big store, orders the Northwestern to be changed to Emerson, Nebr. The Beresford Republic has these good words to say for him: “G> W. Mai vel, who has held a very responsible position in the Torgeson store for the past seven months, has resigned his position and will leave in a few days for Emerson, Nebraska. Mr. Marvel has made many friends while here, all of whom wish him well in his new Since our last issue, the following patrons of the Northwestern, not otherwise mentioned, have renewed their subscriptions to the paper for another year: Dr A.S. Main, L. Han sen, D. C. Grow, L. N. Smith, Leslie Lyons, Judge W. Moon, Mrs. L. Rein, J. L. Baillie, C. C. Carisen, J. S. Ped lef-for hitnself and mother and broth er in Canada, E. G. Taylor, J. P. Leininger, B. M. Thompson, Daily & Krebs, O. L. Swanson, Vaughn & Hinman, Jung & Melberg, Dr. S. A. Allen, Dr. W. L. Marcy, R. J. Night ingale & Son, W. Fulliton. J.H. Bone, H. G. Hosier, M. Zeller. The Loup City Mill has shipped in another car of corn and are putting I out a tine quality of corn meal and ground corn. They have reduced the price of ground corn 50c per hundred pounds during the last few days. The feed and flour dealers have a full sup ply of goods made at Loup City. Why buy flour made in another town when White Satin flo-u is being used by so many households and giving ' entire satisfaction. Loup City Mill & Light Co. Regular (.reaching at the Methodist church next Sunday morning and night. Preaching by the pastor. Sub ject for the morning—“The Image of God,” and at night—“Getting Started Right.” Miss Oral Young will render a solo at night. All are cordially welcome. D. A. Leeper, Pastor. Presbyterian church: The storm interfered somewhat with the special enlistment service Jan. 5, and those who could not be present then will be given an opportunity to enlist next Sabbath morning, Jan. 12. Every member of the church and congrega tion is urged to be present. A special message on the subject. “Fit for the Master’s Use,” will be given. In the evening, answers from people of Loup City will be read on the question, “Is it worth one’s while to attend church?” Preaching at Austin at 3 p. m. .1. C. Tourtellot, Pastor. Baptist church, Jan. 12—Morning: “The Model Sunday School.” Evening: “The Peril of Neglect.” Geo. Sutherland, Pastor. Swedish Christian church, Sunday, Jan. 12: Sunday school, 10:30 a. m.; sermon, 11:15 a.m. Subject—“In the Lord's Sanctuary.” Luke 2. All welcome. H. Blom, Pastor. German Evangelical church: Jan. P2th, at Loup City: 10 a. m., Sunday school; 10:30 a. m.. service. January 11: Lesson in German at 10a. m. P. Jueling, Pastor. Clear Creek Items A cold wave swept this community the tirst of the w eek, the thermome ter registering 15 below Monday Mr. and Mrs. Albert Burke return ed to their home at Arnold, Nebr., Ed. Fielding shelled corn last week. Miss Grace Adams attended the Woods-Runyon widdiiig at Mason Mr. Rucker was hauling alfalfa from Pete Kusik’s Friday. Mrs. Andy Coppersmith and two children retiuned home Saturday from Bradshaw, Nebr., where they were visiting friends and relates during the holidays. Loren Hayden who sustained injur ies a few weeks ago while hauling hay, is slowly improving. Lone Elm school commenced Mon day after a holiday's vacation. Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Lowry of Oklahoma, attended the funeral of his brother James Monroe Lowry. James Monroe Lowry, died Dec. 31, 1912, at the hospital at Omaha, of lung and dropsical trouble. The re mains were brought to his home at Huxley, the funeral being conducted from the hotfte Thursday afternoon, Jan. 2. Judge Sullivan of Broken Bow gave the funeral address. Burial took place in the Lone Elm ceme tery. He leaves to mourn his loss, a wife, three sons, one daughter two sisters and one brother. High School Notes After two weeks vacation school opened with everyone glad to get back to work. Miss Beynon spent the holidays at her home in Wymore, Miss Luce with her sister in Lincoln, Miss Sweetland at her home in Loup City, and Mr. Kendricks in Shenandoah, Iowa, and On account of the heavy course the seniors will carry the last semester, they have decided to give their class play in the near future. After two weeks the first semester ends and the second semester will be gin with an entire change of program. The Normal training classes are awaiting the arrival of Mr. G. F. Gregory, State Normal inspector. Next semester the classes will take up the minor reviews and physiology. Beatrice Pritchard, 15, left Loup City for Illinois, where she will at- , tend school for the remainder of the Irene Warrick and Boy Johnson are new students in the sixth grade. Eugenia Patton is attending school at Grand Island, Nebraska. ' John Dzingle is a new seventh grade Mildred Warrick is a new scholar in the first grade. All but two of Mrs. McCray's stu dents are in regular attendance and one new scholar is added. tk|dyy|44 OVER 66 YEARS' a Jk 113 i Ii 'rm’1 Copyrights Ac. Anyone lending a sketch and description mny quickly ascertain onr opinion free whether an invention la probably Patentable. Commnnlca tlonaatrictlyconfidential. HANDBOOK onPateuta sent free. Oldest agency forsecuringpatems. Patents taken through Itnnn A Co. receive i special notice, without charge. In the A handsomely Illustrated weekly. Largest cir culation of any scientific Journal. Terms. 13 s i year; four months, gl. Sold by ell newsdealer*. I __ ■ v** T5KW ; strksws At R. L. ARTHUR S, Store. Look Out fc For the big In Men’s and Boy’s Ready to wear Suits and i5 That Will Surprise You Nothing will be held back Look for date later Will not be for gotten. The recipient will be made happy, an the doner vill have bestowed a gift worthwhile. But it must be a good watch. It will be, if bought at our store. Your Jewtftery Store LOU SCHWANER Standard Eoad of lhe West desires,to call attention to the 12th Annual Meeting of the Nebraska State Agricultural Associations Lincoln, Nebraska, January 20 to 24, Inclusive and to impress upon its patrons the importance of attend ing this convention; especially those wh > are interested in agriculture, livestock, horticulture, dairying, poultry raising, bee keeping, good roads, home economics and every other phase of rural life classed under the heading of Daily program will consist of interesting and helpful lectures and discussions on above subjects. J. W. Collipriest, Agent, Loup City, Neb. Powered by Open ONI

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A leadership change before the election will just take things from bad to worse for Labour. The likes of Shane Jones, David Cunliffe, David Parker and Grant Robertson (who all denied any likelihood of a coup on TV3 News on Saturday) all know this, so are keeping their powder dry until after the election. Goff is as "hobbled" as English was in 2002 - he's simply up against a very, very popular PM and leads a party that the public just aren't keen on. I also can't help but wonder if the problem with Goff isn't partially to do with his advisors / staff. He was a very solid, effective cabinet minister, yet poor as an opposition leader. Maybe his current staff aren't up to it, yet he continues to take their advice out of loyalty or because there's no one else ? Yes, Labour should be attacking National on the issues. But the quake has given Natioanl an easy "out" for bad figures. They'll milk it for all it's worth, as Labour would've too. Tizard's a has-been with a clear case of sour grapes. I tend to focus on policy as that is the only thing that really affects my life when all is said and done. Politics is full of theatre and related human foibles, failures and follies. More often than not these prove to be irrelevant side shows on the way to better (or worse) outcomes as a consequence of policy implemented by whomever is the government. Darren Hughes? Ultimately irrelevant. Goff's handling of the affair? More relevant, as it provides insight into the cross-currents of his own decision-making processes and consequent execution of them. He may not have handled it well, but I can't help but feel Goff's heart was and remains in the right place. That "heart" flows on into policy formulation and implementation (IMHO) more than media timing or "optics". I'm not your "normal" voter, I guess. I tend to know what parties offer in the way of policy and allocate my vote accordingly. Political Theatre may be fun, farce or tragedy....but signifies little. I also can’t help but wonder if the problem with Goff isn’t partially to do with his advisors / staff. He was a very solid, effective cabinet minister, yet poor as an opposition leader. Maybe his current staff aren’t up to it, yet he continues to take their advice out of loyalty or because there’s no one else ? But he got to choose his advisors. I've seen him up close a couple of times in the job, and was struck by what seemed to be a lack of assurance. Sure, no one envies the job of leading a party that's been dumped out of office after three terms, but as I noted, he did have momentum after Mt Albert and managed to squander it. Thanks for the bounce, Russell. The only thing I’ll quibble with is whether Goff can be blamed for Tizard’s conduct. I think he (and Little) carry the can for this as well. For one thing, if Goff had told those who needed telling about the Hughes allegations at the time they needed telling, this could all have been resolved behind closed doors, there now being the illusion of an organised, functional party apparatus (even if one which still prefers to cover up than to open up). What I’m saying, I suppose, is that the bad decision to cover up should have been put to some good use. That it wasn’t is down to Phil Goff. Second, as I argued at the time of the Chris Carter debacle last year, Labour needs to improve the informal processes which make any operation run, rather than relying blindly on stuffy, legalistic constitutional party procedure. For Carter, they needed to engage an Winston Wolfe/Malcolm Tucker-like fixer who’d turn up with a magnum of Bollinger, a bouquet of flowers, a letter of resignation needing only a signature, and an authoritative explanation of what the party needed (much better than the Herald’s bottle of whisky and handgun; after all, this is still Labour we’re talking about). They need the same now. The lack is more due to Andrew Little than it is to Goff, except inasmuch as Little has been caught on the hop by his own party leader. Lively, dynamic organisations – political and otherwise – don’t rely only on the letter of due process. In lively and dynamic organisations, each participant has an ingrained understanding of how their actions affect the wider group, and lively, dynamic organisations have ways of weeding out and excluding those whose motivations do not serve that wider whole. These events illustrate that Labour is neither lively nor dynamic, that it lacks firm and competent leadership, and that it still embodies all those perceptions – of disconnected, indulgent entitlement, venality and factional impunity – which caused the demise of the Clark government. WARNING: Links in the following are SFW but MAY BE TRIGGERING FOR ABUSE SURVIVORS. Nor is it particularly helpful when smart people like Brian Edwards who should know a lot better, let WhaleOily comments like this run unchallenged. My first reaction to this story was – was Darren Hughes set up? There has been no report (that I’m aware of) of the party for which the ‘youth MP’ went to Parliament. Could Hughes’s drink have been spiked? The whole thing smells fishy to me. Hard to imagine three politicians of the experience of Clark, Goff and King misreading the character of Hughes so badly that they would have taken him under their collective wings and promoted his cause (over quite a number of years now) without any of them discerning in his makeup the possibility of his making such a mighty error of judgement such as inviting a young man (whom he may or may not have known previously) back to his mentor’s home for a sex romp. M’kay… sounds like there’s some abuse apologist bingo going down at Brian’s house – and his later defence in response to my comment would be funny if it wasn’t so damn creepy. And with all standard trigger warnings in place, Michael Laws is reliably vile – here’s a hint, as soon as he starts using the word “sensual” avert your eyes. Prick. Craig, I've found myself using the phrase "who should know better" with regard to Dr Edwards so many times in the past year that I'm now beginning to think he can't be expected to. Goff is going to limp through to the election, a simple and hobbled place-holder. Tizard is just a bizarre side-show, the same as Chris Carter, and her peeved attempt to hold us all in suspense is a reflection on her lack of judgment. You want to be the most disliked woman on Parliament, go ahead, Judith… Labour needs to do a clear-felling. It should have already been done, but it hasn’t. A nice clean sweep of the Augean stables is in order. At a time when there are important issues (the failure of National’s economic policy, anyone?) to have an opposition party is such disorder is inexcusable. And, as a matter of personal belief concerning the Hughes Affair, having a closet anywhere is a recipe for disaster. I know we are in an intermediary time when sexual preference still matters to some, but the psychology of closetry inevitably leads to Bad Places and Poor Judgments. This is an example... A leadership change six months out from polling day would not look convincing to the electorate Depends on the leadership change and I think that's the bigger problem for Labour, a lack of star leaders ready to step up. Another strategy could be to form a solid pre election coalition, Labour, Green, Maori + Hone. Could that work ? I don’t know… on some level, I think Goff is a far too convenient scapegoat. I’m having acidulous flashbacks to 2002, when National won the lowest share of the popular vote in the party’s history. Blame the media? Well, that’s easy enough to do. Blame Bill English & Michelle Boag – well, that’s fair up to a point, but only that far. The simple truth is that an incoherent policy platform, a lousy campaign and a party organisation more focused on its unattractive in-fighting than public policy just turned people off. And anecdotally, I’d respectfully suggest a lot of people in Labour need to get the frak through their grieving process over the last election. There’s still a nasty strain of entitleitis; the conviction that the only way Labour lost was a stupefication spell cast over the moronic peasantry by Harry Crosby Textor. Well, folks, the counter-spell isn’t chanting “secret agenda, Smile and Wave, expelliamus!” but actually coming up with a more disciplined, credible and coherent platform than the ‘Axe The Tax’ bus tour farce. On Tizard: The people that voted for Labour were (if they could be bothered to look) aware of who was on the list and where. Effectively, they were voting for that list. So Tizard is now an elected MP by virtue of being next on the list. Isn't it rather manipulative for parties to pressure people to resign? If they didn't want her as an MP, why was she on the list in 2008? Michael Laws is reliably vile – here’s a hint, as soon as he starts using the word “sensual” avert your eyes. Prick. I am no fan of Laws but I thought he had a point re trial by media. Hughes has been found guilty and had to fall on his sword with almost no due process - it could be a false allegation we don't know yet. Over here Sue Bradford is asking for" a little more reflection and empathy at times from those who are the first to criticise those delectable falls from grace among our elected representatives" She has a point - how ready we are to stone those leaders who fall from grace. The assessment that the Labour caucus will need to make is not whether someone other than Goff can win the election, but whether someone other than Goff has a better chance of staving off disaster. It may be that the future leaders of the Labour Party - Cunliffe, Parker, whoever - don't want to be leader now because of a near certain election defeat, but that shouldn't be the only calculation. Also important, is avoiding a National Party 2002 result. If they want to win in 2014, then having a larger contingent in the next Parliament - including some new faces - will be very helpful. It may be - if there is a concern that Goff may now be too damaged to pull that off - that a change now would avert disaster. A new leader may be necessary, not to raise Labour's fortunes in the polls, but to maintain them at around their current levels. Should someone be the sacrificial lamb? If not an up-and-comer, then it seems someone like Mallard would be the choice. An election in which Andrew Little failed to make it in on the list would be disastrous. p.s. I still don't completely rule out that Labour - or for that matter, Goff - can win the election. p.p.s. I imagine I'll stop with the political analysis now. If they didn’t want her as an MP, why was she on the list in 2008? Is it too obvious to point out that the roles of Party President, Party Leader and Deputy Leader are now filled by entirely different individuals? If Little, Goff and King were drawing up the list in 2008 maybe Tizard wouldn't have been on it at all. The interesting aspect to this, for me, is that Goff is now more or less fully revealed as a completely un-electable leader. Prior to this there were doubts. He wasn't doing well, but with a strong effort in the election run-up he could have made a fist of it, and kept National honest. I don't believe Labour was ever going to win the next election whatever he did. In my view Goff is a 'night-watchman', pushing the ball around to take up time until the next real player comes in to bat. But it's as if the night-watchman is playing so badly that there's a chance he'll get out too soon. Naturally there is probably some consternation back in the pavillion, as they watch him wave his bat ineffectually outside off stump and the ball is millimetres from knicking an edge. And Labour isn't the only party to watch carefully between now and the election. National's reaction to all this will be interesting, as will other parties, as they all realise that there may well be a *lot* more votes up for grabs than they previously thought. Graeme: I tend to agree. Goff's 'gaff' aside, anyone who wants public broadcasting; doesn't want asset sales - overt or by stealth; does want public transport, *can't* vote for the National Party. No matter what. You want to be the most disliked woman on Parliament, go ahead, Judith… Might be worth $160,000 when the country needed an effective, aggressive Opposition That's the real tragedy, as Matt McCarten noted: Labour needs more urgency, more mongrel and more seriousness about its obligations to its supporters who are really hurting under this Government. Yesterday, a tweet from Clare Curran: Can we please talk about what really matters ... led me to what I'd have to characterise as her not-our-fault whinge on Red Alert: There are no new jobs on the horizon. There are no new industries. There are no really good ideas that people can latch onto and think “this is our future” “I get what this is about”. There is no hope. Meanwhile our front pages are full of finger pointing and rotten egg throwing at the latest scapegoat in a political scandal. I was prompted to reply: I'd love to focus on real issues. managing the opposition's ability to actually oppose is in your own hands and then to respond at Red Alert along what turned out to be similar lines to McCarten's: Put forward a bold vision of hope, then. Call the government to account for its slashing. Talk in terms that connect with the public. Get on with it. Or if you can not actually function as an opposition, get out of the way. Real people are hurting, as you say. What are you doing about it? I know the conventional political wisdom is not to change leaders, but if the party has already given up on even the prospect of winning this election on behalf of their constituents, then they should all just get out of the way. Incompetence hurts others. I really do not care about Darren Hughes - but then I'm not the one who dropped the ball for the umpteenth time and allowed the focus to go onto a sideshow. The Labour caucus need to take a good long look in the mirror. And consider the quality of advice they're paying for. On Goff: As I might have said before, Goff is going to resign within a few days of losing the next election, if not on election morning. Given that, why not cut out the next eight months? I think the main problem for Labour is that the centre-left policy core of "better managed capitalism" is failing. This article from Clare Curran kinda illustrates it - she identifies a problem but conspicuously doesn't identify what Labour would do about it. What *would* Labour do if elected? Restore some (but not all) of National's cuts? Tweak a few programs? They'll still let a lucky few make untaxed fortunes in property speculation, enable multinationals to pay no or negligible rates of tax while shovelling our money overseas and pretend we can keep on with a fossil fuel economy forever. I just dispair for Labour at the moment, a lack of judgement and a failure to back them-selves will lead to a rightful drubbing in the next election An election that can be won as anybody who has done the numbers can see But no, just a bunch covering their own butts & salaries and certainly not worrying about the down trodden It all makes me so sad. Once again, we have a National Govt making everyone bloody miserable with their policies of slash and burn, and "never mind the promises we made, poor people, you can all get fucked" and do we have any viable chance of seeing a change of government? No we don't. I hope all the swing voters are enjoying their shiny new National Government. I would say it serves them right but we're all suffering. Another strategy could be to form a solid pre election coalition, Labour, Green, Maori + Hone. And the lack of visible cross-party work is also notable. Goff on Q&A calling Matt McCarten his "political opponent" may have some truth in it but does not come across as someone capable of working with allies on the same side of the House. I am no fan of Laws but I thought he had a point re trial by media. I’ve got to pop out for the rest of the day, but I thought the only point being made is that Laws will concern troll on behalf of nice white middle-class people who look a lot like him, while continuing to void his media bowels all over everyone else. If Laws genuinely gave a shit about trial by media he could clean up his own act. But he won't, so he can go screw himself. If Little, Goff and King were drawing up the list in 2008 maybe Tizard wouldn't have been on it at all I understand the mechanism: Labour have moved to the right, basically, and don't want left-of-centre MPs. But the voters of 2008 voted for the list as it stands, and I think that if Tizard wants to do six months as an MP, she's been elected and has every right to sit. It's ridiculous to suggest she's being dishonourable to do so. What *would* Labour do if elected? I am sure they have some good and different policy based on what they seem to have been discussing. Fat lot of use though if they don't have the ability to organise themselves well enough to communicate that compellingly to voters. Graeme: I tend to agree. Goff’s ‘gaff’ aside, anyone who wants public broadcasting; doesn’t want asset sales – overt or by stealth; does want public transport, *can’t* vote for the National Party. No matter what. They can’t now. The only thing that endears me to Goff is that the party under his watch is fairly clearly against all of those things (and most especially further welfare reform). But that’s not to say that after a calamitous electoral defeat and under a new leader the party wouldn’t tack to its right and start selling us austerity with a human face. So on the one hand, yes, I think Goff needs to go for the reason that Graeme suggested – it may be more about staving disaster than winning at this point – but also because I’m afraid of where Labour might go if it was decimated. Whereas if it changed leadership now probably even under Power it would probably set a fairly decent agenda. (Relatively speaking: I’m not a huge Labour fan obviously.)

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There’s no denying it: The past few years have been incredibly turbulent for financial services organizations. The stresses of navigating an uncertain economy, dealing with staff shortages, and operating on limited budgets have taken a toll on finserv professionals. Further adding to the stress? Client demands are growing. The last few years have created rapid changes across all areas of financial services, but few things have accelerated as quickly as the need for digital customer experiences. A Temenos survey of 4,700 banking customers worldwide found that 65% prefer to use a mobile banking app versus going into a branch. Gone are the days when it was acceptable to require people to fill out stacks of paper forms when taking out loans or setting up an account. Clients want fast, easy access to the services they need, from online account creation and credit card applications to loan approvals and invoicing. Despite this, financial services organizations are struggling to deliver digitization fast enough. It’s no surprise, given the challenges faced by the industry. A digital paradox has arrived—forcing finserv orgs to deliver innovation with skeleton crews and tight budgets. Yet institutions like Lenderfit, Great Plains Brokerage, Tri Counties Bank, and America’s Christian Credit Union are doing just that. How? Through the power of automated finance workflows. Megan explains: This guide provides real-life examples from these organizations that show how they are simplifying financial process automation to better address the needs of clients and employees. Get step-by-step guidance for building efficient digital processes that can power all areas of your financial services organization. The Power of Financial Process Automation Before we dive into the workflow examples, let's review why it's important for financial institutions to implement digitization and automation. When potential clients want to visit your branch or connect with a representative, they expect seamless experiences with quick responses. The same goes for your current clients when they want to apply for a loan or need help with a policy. If you require them to fill out lengthy paperwork, manually enter data they've likely provided before, and wait for a response, you create negative experiences that impact customer retention. And clients aren't the only ones who expect digital innovation and ease. Employees are just as likely to want digital-first experiences that eliminate paper pushing. Whether they work in HR, client services, sales, or marketing, employees want to be free from manual work and paper processes. In fact, our State of Digital Maturity report found that 72% of workers think inefficient processes negatively impact their job. When organizations lack digitization and automation, employees report higher levels of frustration, stress, and dissatisfaction. They end up devoting their time to mindless, repetitive tasks instead of more strategic, fulfilling, and impactful work. How much time exactly? An average of two hours per day, according to our research. But the negative impacts of manual work don't stop there. Just one employee wasting two hours per day on inefficient tasks costs your organization about $14,560 a year. The average industrial banking institution in the U.S. has over 85 employees, which means this can add up to more than $1.2 million. Is there room in your budget for that labor cost? The best news is that automating your workflows doesn't require a massive budget, timeline, or IT team. All you need is the right technology and a bit of guidance. That's what this guide is here to provide. How to Automate Financial Processes Every team across your organization can reap the benefits of financial workflow management, from client services and sales to marketing and HR. With a tool like Formstack, you can easily build fully automated financial workflows that address the evolving needs of clients and employees. The Formstack Platform empowers anyone at your institution to achieve more in less time. With digital forms, document generation, and eSignature collection, you can create solutions and automate busywork in one easy-to-use visual workflow builder. From completing daily tasks to creating organization-wide systems and processes, you can build the workflows you need without relying on IT or needing to know how to code. We specialize in helping financial services organizations streamline their processes and take control of their data management across teams and departments. Here’s how to use Formstack to automate some of the most common financial services workflows. Workflow Tip: You can build seamless, automated Salesforce workflows with Formstack for Salesforce, an all-in-one form, document, and signature solution for your existing ecosystem. 7 Examples of Workflow Automation in Financial Services You don’t have to waste countless hours each week copying and pasting data, preparing paperwork, searching for files, sending emails, and entering data. By implementing the financial services workflows below, you can save around 14 hours per week. What can you do with all that extra time? Focus on impactful work that improves not only your workday but the lives of thousands of customers and employees. Let’s get started. #1: Digital Loan Applications Loan applications are known to be long, cumbersome, and complicated. Paper applications can cause data inaccuracies and bottlenecks, while legacy applications can be slow and require maintenance by IT. Use this no-code finance workflow process to securely gather financial information and quickly process new loan applications. Offer customers an excellent digital experience, eliminate manual data entry, and ensure top-notch security. Products: Forms · Documents · Sign Features: Portals · Smart Lists · Dynamic Document Creation Templates: Loan Agreement · Authorization for Automatic Payment Form · Income Driven Repayment Plan Request Form Optional Integrations: SharePoint · ShareFile Step 1: Customer Inquiry and Application New or current customers can easily inquire about loan options, processes, and applications from a lead form on your website or within your mobile app. Upon form submission, data routing can automatically alert the right loan officer depending on loan region, type, or size. When ready to apply, the customer can find all the forms needed within an organized portal, which will send them automated alerts on deadlines. The loan officer can easily see where each form is in the process to avoid inundating the customer with email check-ins. Workflow Tip: Use Smart Lists to quickly manage long, evolving lists of field options across all your forms. This is great for listing branch locations, loan officers, loan offerings, and more. Step 2: Application Review and Approval Use Workflows to assign different people, teams, and departments to review and approve loan application details. Field Validation ensures common fields—like credit cards, emails, and phone numbers—are verified in real-time, minimizing data errors and inaccuracies. If further information or edits are needed from the customer, the form can be sent back to them with clear instructions. Upon final internal approval, connect your forms to Formstack Documents to automatically generate customized, secure loan documentation. Step 3: Loan Documentation, eSignature, and Storage With document data routing, you can automatically combine files into one document or create several types of documents from a single data source. Easily create professional, branded documents with top-notch security features, such as secure downloads, data encryption, and firewall technology. Use Formstack Sign to gather secure electronic signatures from employees and customers via email and text or in the office. Receive a signature audit trail for each document so you can see who signed a document and exactly when they signed it. Upon collecting all signatures, automatically send finalized documents to your preferred document storage solution. #2: New Customer Onboarding and Welcome With an average customer attrition rate of 15% and a cost of $500 to acquire a new customer, financial service providers must make smart, strategic decisions when welcoming new clients. Quickly engage with prospects and make new customers feel welcomed with this new customer onboarding and welcome workflow. Automate every step of this finance workflow process, from initial inquiry to signing agreements. Products: Forms · Documents · Sign Features: Conditional Logic · Themes and CSS · Electronic Document Signing Templates: New Customer Registration Form · New Customer Welcome Letter · Customer Satisfaction Survey Optional Integrations: Salesforce · Microsoft Dynamics · Lob Step 1: New Customer Form Submission and Review Create beautiful, branded online lead forms that embed easily on your website and are fully mobile-optimized. Make it incredibly simple for prospects to do business with your bank, credit union, or insurance agency by eliminating complicated PDFs and slow paperwork. Use Conditional Logic to only ask necessary questions, which improves the customer experience and creates a shorter form. If certain criteria need to be met to become a member, use Approvals to allow for member application review and approval. Workflow Tip: If you’re a Salesforce user, consider using this workflow with our native Salesforce tool, Formstack for Salesforce, which combines forms, documents, and eSignatures into your existing ecosystem. Step 2: Welcome Packet and Letter Providing the best initial experience turns new customers into long-term advocates of your business. Personalize a customer welcome packet with the new customer’s information by connecting Formstack Forms to Documents. Automatically generate final documentation, like compliance disclosures or member agreements, and personalize marketing materials. To really make an impact, consider mailing a welcome letter with some helpful information as well. Step 3: Customer Agreement Sign-off and Survey Financial service organizations have a lot of regulations and compliance standards to meet. If onboarding a new customer includes getting their sign-off, it’s easy to add secure electronic signature fields to your documents. Upon return of the onboarding materials, you can automatically add new customer information to your CRM through one of our many integrations. After 30 days, consider sending a customer satisfaction survey to ensure your products and services are meeting expectations. #3: Quote Proposals The insurance market is incredibly competitive, and consumers expect quick and excellent service. In fact, J.D. Power found that auto insurance buyers are eight times more likely to shop around for a new provider after a poor service experience. Use this quote proposal workflow to ensure prospects are contacted quickly, sent an accurate and clear quote within hours, and able to easily sign documents from their computer or mobile device. Products: Forms · Documents · Sign Features: Calculating Fields · File Uploads · Document Data Encryption Templates: Request a Quote Form · Proposal Document Template Optional Integrations: Excel · Airtable Step 1: Quote Inquiry and Follow-Up Add a mobile-optimized form to your website or mobile app to allow prospects to request an insurance quote. Use UTM Tracking and Partial Submissions to provide the marketing team with valuable insights that can increase conversions. Upon submission, the prospect will receive an automated follow-up email that includes information about their specific insurance rep, next steps, and a timeline. Step 2: Quote Creation and Documentation Upon submission of the quote request, data routing can send the prospect’s information to the correct rep, which will kick off a Workflow to begin the quote process. A more in-depth form can be sent directly to the prospect or filled out by the rep during a phone call. Calculating Fields can be included on the form to easily create cost estimations and perform financial analysis. Workflow Tip: Skip cutting, pasting, copying, and typing data into documents and automatically generate quote proposals by connecting your form to Formstack Documents. Step 3: Proposal Review and Signing Upon completion of the proposal, the insurance rep can electronically sign the document. Formstack Sign’s multiple participant workflow will then automatically send the work order document to any other employees who need to review the proposal before sending it to the prospect. Automate text or email reminders to ensure the prospect signs off on the document within a specific window of time. If on-site document signing is preferred, the document can be signed in person by both parties from a mobile device. #4: Client Agreements and Payments If your organization provides wealth management services, it’s important to have a secure workflow in place for client onboarding. Giving clients a seamless experience that runs efficiently in the back end—from signing the agreement to collecting initial fees—is an absolute must. This finance workflow process takes minimal time to set up and can integrate with your most-used systems, ensuring accurate data is sent quickly to the correct people and places. Products: Forms · Documents · Sign Features: PCI Compliant Forms · CRM Document Generation · Digital Signature Security Templates: Client Information Form · Sales Contract · Credit Card Payment Form Optional Integrations: Authorize.Net · Pardot · Salesforce Marketing Cloud Step 1: New Client Data Collection Financial advising and wealth management require gathering a lot of data and information from your clients. Creating a great initial experience is crucial to starting out on the right foot. Formstack’s secure online forms make it easy to create an exceptional form experience that won’t frustrate or confuse your clients. The drag-and-drop, no-code builder makes it easy for any employee to create a robust form within minutes. Adding features like Conditional Logic, Save and Resume, and File Uploads ensures you can collect all the data you need safely and securely while providing clients a streamlined, shortened form they can complete on their own time. Workflow Tip: Integrate this form with your CRM to eliminate manual data entry and automate other customer welcome and onboarding steps. Step 2: Agreement Creation and Signing Use a Workflow alongside your onboarding form to send the collected data to all internal parties who need to review and approve the data submission. If there is ever a question or more information needed, a request can be sent to the client through the workflow. Upon approval, the form data can automatically generate a customized client agreement document to be signed by the financial institution and client. Once all signatures are collected, the documents can be automatically sent to your document storage solution or CRM. Step 3: Initial Payment and Referral Offer Few people want to mail in a check or request a wire transfer to pay for their initial deposit. Please your customers and simplify back-end processing by providing an online payment method. Add your preferred payment processor to an online payment form to gather secure payments or even set up recurring payments in seconds. Once your relationship with your new client is established, you can share a referral form with your client to help secure more business. #5: Client Info Change Request Whether it's a name change for a credit card or a needed update on an insurance policy, handling change requests from clients is an inevitable task for finserv orgs. Managing these requests can become complicated and confusing without a strong process in place. Your employees already have a lot on their hands—simplify their workday with this streamlined system for client change requests. Easily track new requests, generate signable documents, and receive updates when requests are complete. Step 1: Change Request Submission Streamline change requests by creating an easy-to-use client info change request form with the help of drag and drop. Use Conditional Logic to ask questions that are tailored to the specific type of request. Add a file upload section so clients can upload any necessary documents, such as proof of address. The form can be embedded on your website or client portal so clients can easily fill it out from a laptop, tablet, or phone. Step 2: Request Documentation and Assignment Use Approvals with the change request form to ensure all data needed to process a request is collected. If further details are required or the request is invalid, the approver can deny the form submission or send it back to the submitter for more details. Once approved, data from the form can be routed into a request document and sent to the team members responsible for the specific change being requested. Step 3: Final Sign-Off Upon completion of the request, the appropriate team member can sign off on the change. Formstack Sign’s multiple participant workflow will then automatically send the request document to the client for eSignature to confirm completion of the request. Automate text or email reminders to ensure the client signs off on the document within a specific window of time. Workflow Tip: Confirm when a document was sent, how it was sent, and when it was signed with Formstack Sign’s automatic audit trails. #6: Marketing/Sales Lead Capture Finserv marketers can improve client acquisition by creating campaigns that generate more interest in what their organization can offer. One way to do this is by offering a monthly email newsletter. A newsletter can be an easy, simple way to connect with prospective clients online and showcase your financial expertise. It can also help you gather valuable data on engagement and find opportunities to further improve your marketing and services. Here’s a look at how you can set up a newsletter signup workflow on your website. Step 1: Form Optimization To ensure your newsletter campaign is successful, you need to optimize your signup form for maximum conversions. Enhance your mobile-friendly newsletter signup template by pairing it with the Conversion Kit. Tools like Field Bottlenecks can help you identify problem areas and discover opportunities for improvement. You can add your branding with easy-to-use design tools, embed the form directly on your website, and generate links that can be sent via email. Step 2: List Building Connect your signup form to email marketing platforms like Mailchimp, Campaign Monitor, or AWeber to quickly build a newsletter email list. Details like name and email address can be added to your system for easy reference when analyzing your lists or looking for opportunities to include contacts in new email campaigns. You can even include a question like “What topic/s are you most interested in?” to better inform your newsletter and identify which campaigns may be most effective on different contacts. Step 3: Data Analysis As you build your newsletter list over time, you can do data analysis on your signup form to pull out helpful insights on your audience. Easily access an analytics dashboard that lets you view metrics like unique views, conversion rate, and abandonment rate. You can also include your data in custom visual reports and graphs that can be shared with other members of your team. If you want even more data insights, connect your form to Google Analytics for deeper analysis. Workflow Tip: You can further streamline your marketing efforts by sending newsletter data to Salesforce and automating the creation of new leads. #7: IT Service Request As finserv institutions and their customers continue to shift to digital workflows and become more reliant on technology, they’ll become more reliant on IT as well. Ensure requests at your organization are addressed quickly and appropriately by creating a robust IT service request process. Easily collect requests, assign them to the correct team member, and track completions in Formstack or your project management tool of choice. Features: Conditional Logic · APIs and Webhooks · Data Routing Templates: IT Service Request · IT Hardware Request · Employee Equipment Checkout Form Optional Integrations: Trello · Zendesk · Microsoft Teams Step 1: IT Service Request Use Conditional Logic to build out a master IT service request form that branches into multiple scenarios, covering everything from equipment rentals and password resets to computer repairs and software assistance. If you choose to build out separate forms, use Smart Lists to quickly manage long, evolving lists of field options across all of your forms. Customers and employees can quickly submit the request form from a phone, tablet, or computer. Embed the form within your customer portal, website, and help site for easy access. Step 2: Data Routing and Job Assignment Immediately upon form completion, the submitter can receive an automated email notification with their case number, IT rep, and expected service timeline. These details can be added to the automated emails by inserting hidden fields into the form that autofill based on logic and calculations. Data Routing can then send the form data to the employee responsible for the type of help requested. If your team uses help desk software to track IT requests, the form can be connected through one of our native integrations or by using the Forms APIs and Webhooks. Step 3: Request Completion Use multi-step Approvals to allow the IT rep to approve the request when completed and then send the data to their manager or department head for final sign-off if needed. Logic and skip functions can be easily added to customize each approval sequence based on request requirements. For instance, issuing a new laptop to an employee may need multiple levels of approval within IT as well as other departments. Upon final approval and form submission, the requestor will receive any necessary follow-up in an automated message. Workflow Tip: This is just one way you can streamline IT processes at your organization. Discover other easy ways to raise the bar on IT ops with task automation. Start Automating Financial Services Workflows Now Don’t let inefficient processes burn out your employees and deter potential clients. By investing in financial process automation, you can build repeatable, efficient systems that improve employee morale, impress clients, and save your organization time and money. Ready to take your workflows to the next level? Our visual workflow builder makes it simple to create, test, and launch any process your organization may need. Get started now with a 14-day free trial or talk with one of our workflow consultants about how to accomplish your goals through workflow automation.

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IN THIS ISSUE Turnout — a combination of rotational flexibility and the strength to properly hold that rotation — is fundamental to barre. Before you get frustrated that your feet do not turn out as much as the person next to you, remember that not everyone (actually, hardly anyone) is born with a 180-degree rotation! That doesn’t mean there isn’t always room for a little bit of improvement! Here are the do’s and don’ts of improving your turnout. DO focus on core strength. Turnout requires a rotation that starts at the head of your femur and continues down the chain all the way to your feet. It starts at your hips but requires a lot more than just hip flexibility. Turning out correctly requires a great deal of core strength. Both the muscles in the front and the back of the midsection need to be strong in order to lift your bodyweight out of your hips. Think about how much lighter on your feet you feel when you engage your core … go ahead, try it! Now that you have your core engaged, think about how much less pressure is being put on your hip joints and how much easier is it for you to externally rotate from the tops of your femurs. But wait … there’s more! DO turn in. Turning out properly also requires strength and balance in the adductors and abductors. Focus on strengthening the muscles of your inner and outer thighs and your glutes to create a well-rounded foundation. Once again, it comes down to moderation and balance. If all your movement involves turning out, the rotational muscles that are responsible for that action will get over-trained and tight. In addition to practicing yoga to stretch these muscles, it’s just as important to exercise the muscles that turn in every now and then. Pilates or Gyrotonics are good exercise choices to encourage turn-in without much impact on the joints. DON’T walk or stand with a turned-out stance during daily activities. Some people are naturally inclined to walk with their feet turned out, and some are not. Forcing yourself to walk with your feet outward all the time will not improve your rotation. In fact, it actually can lead to ankle, knee and hip pain. DON’T force your turnout to the point of discomfort or pain. Just remember that pushing your turnout isn’t the same as forcing it. Never turn out to the point that your hips, knees and ankles aren’t aligned in plié, your hips are tucked under, your feet are rolled in, your back is swayed or there is any pain or pulling in the hips. Not only will you risk acute injury to your hips, knees and ankles, but eventually you will create lasting imbalances that can seriously impact your posture. DO remember that more isn’t always better! Be mindful of your body and its limits, and listen to what it tells you! Karli and BarreFlow will be at Boston MANIA®! Most Innovative program: Barre Above® Best Male Presenter: Fabio Comana Best Female Presenter: Irene Lewis-McCormick Voting for Boston MANIA® is now open. All voters receive the one-time use of a $50 AWARD off the 2018 MANIA® of their choice! scwfit.com/awards NEW YORK — Shalane Flanagan pulled away from Mary Keitany on Sunday to become the first American to win the women’s New York City Marathon since 1977. Keitany had won three straight New York marathons, but Flanagan pulled away from the Kenyan great with about three miles to go. Flanagan finished with an unofficial time of 2 hours, 26 minutes, 53 seconds — about a minute faster than Keitany. The American cried and yelled as she approached the finish line alone. The last American woman to win New York was Miki Gorman, who won consecutive titles in 1976-77. Flanagan finished second in New York in her first marathon in 2010 but hadn’t run this race since. After a fracture in her lower back kept her out of the Boston Marathon, Flanagan trained hard for New York with an eye on Keitany. Running: New York City Marathon Shalane Flanagan celebrates after winning the professional women’s division at the 2017 TCS New York City Marathon on Sun., Nov. 5, 2017. Flanagan called Keitany “the alpha racer” and said she was ready to “suffer dearly” while keeping up with the unpredictable Kenyan. Flanagan had said she may retire if she won New York. In the men’s race, Geoffrey Kamworor of Kenya held off countryman Wilson Kipsang by three seconds for his first major victory. Kamworor ran the race in 2 hours, 10 minutes, 53 seconds. He and Kipsang embraced just past the finish line to huge cheers. American running great Meb Keflezighi — who won the race in 2009 — completed his 26th and final marathon, collapsing as he crossed the finish line. More than 50,000 runners from across the globe pushed themselves to the limit to traverse each of the five boroughs over a whopping 26 miles and change, CBS New York reports. The day was dedicated to spirit and pride, and was marked by an unprecedented police presence to protect both the runners and the expected 2.5 million spectators cheering them on along the city-spanning route. The enhanced security was in response to the truck attack in lower Manhattan on Halloween. Eight people were killed when terror suspect Sayfullo Saipov sped down the popular bike path near the West Side Highway, mowing down innocent cyclists and pedestrians. Meet Alana Sanders, MS, an SCW Presenter who got her start at MANIA® through the 2016 SCW Fitness Idol competition, where she wowed the judges with her energy. Alana is the creator of “Get Pulsed™”, a nationally accredited fitness format that is known to rock a crowd. The program, which comes with original music, mixes and choreography, presents an effective way to incorporate weights safely while dancing. To her students, Alana is the “Singing Fitness Instructor” who will serenade the cues during the workout. Not only does her cueing style help students remember the moves, it also decreases the probability of injury. Alana is certified and licensed in many group and fitness formats, and she loves how fitness can change a person’s entire perspective on life. Her motto is, “Making Fitness Fun.” Through the SCW Fitness Idol competition, www.scwfit.com/idol, Alana earned the opportunity to be mentored by the notable presenter and Asia Idol creator, Lawrence Biscontini, and to receive valuable assistance from SCW CEO, Sara Kooperman. Alana teaches at every MANIA®, presenting sessions on Social Media Marketing, Cueing, Choreography and Dance Fitness. Alana has graced the same stage with the likes of Wendy Williams, Jane Fonda and Nancy Grace. She has been featured on CNN, BET and NBC, nominated for “Who’s Who” in Atlanta 4 years in a row, and she has been the featured fitness presenter with the “Ultimate Women Expo” and many other expos. She is a former College Business Chair and is currently a University Professor teaching the art of Business and Marketing. She wrote the first college textbook on “Social Media Marketing” through Pearson Education, which included workbooks to help business professionals utilize the networks. Her love for social media has built her reach on the networks to 7 million, and she constantly researches the program to keep updated with the trends. Alana consults businesses on the most effective ways to engage their current and future customers. The achievement that outweighs all her accomplishments is being the mother to 12-year-old daughter McKinley, who takes after her energetic mom: McKinley published her first book at 5, started her first business at the age of 8, has been taking college courses since she was 9 and took the ACT at 10, and she is a DUKE Tip Scholar and a talented artist. Alana is one proud mom! Come meet Alana at MANIA®, and experience her amazing energy in person! www.scwfit.com/mania “We have never seen a response to anything we have ever launched that was this big,” Zumba® Fitness co-founder and CEO Alberto Perlman said of Zumba’s new program, STRONG by Zumba®. STRONG by Zumba® is not a dance class, it’s a high-intensity exercise routine that is unlike anything Zumba® Fitness has ever offered. The company‘s first entirely new workout program debuted just one year ago. Now 200,000 to 300,000 people attend classes each week. That’s a lot faster than the original program took off: Zumba® first launched in 1999, and it took the company six years to reach 300,000 students per week, according to Perlman. STRONG by Zumba® pairs certain exercise moves to music, but it’s not choreography. The company worked with DJs, like Timbaland, to ensure that every squat or lunge matches a sound in a song. The idea came about after Perlman and co-founder Alberto Perez attended several high-intensity workout classes but left feeling frustrated. “There was no connection between what the instructors were doing in the class and the music they are playing,” Perlman said. “The most motivating part of fitness is the music.” Over the last several years, Zumba has released similar programs based on the original workout, including Aqua Zumba® or Zumba® Kids. But STRONG already has taken off; it’s being taught in 100 of the 186 countries where Zumba® is offered (the company’s programs aren’t allowed in embargoed countries like Cuba, North Korea and Iran, where six young people were arrested in early August for promoting the dancing exercises). High-intensity workouts have become very popular recently, especially at boutique fitness centers. But Perlman argues that these programs are too expensive for most people. STRONG by Zumba® is much more affordable, he says, adding that prices can range depending on the instructor or location. In some cases, prices could be as low as $5. Zumba®, Inc.’s company of the year in 2012, collects fees from instructors, which can range between $250 and $300. It also requires teachers to pay a monthly rate that gives them access to company benefits, like educational videos. Zumba® instructors find locations to hold classes, whether at a gym or in a church basement, which also can dictate the price of a class. In 2012, the company had a reported valuation of more than $500 million. Zumba® Fitness also makes money from its retail arm: Inc. reported that the company expected to sell 3.5 million units in 2012. Perlman says Zumba® Fitness has 250 employees. “When doing innovation, don’t look at what other people are doing, focus on the customer,” Perlman said. “The ones that work are the ones that are completely customer-centric.” Come to a MANIA® and get certified in Zumba® B1 and STRONG by Zumba®! www.scwfit.com/MANIA Whether you’re singing along to your favorite hip-hop track at a party, doing the “Electric Slide” at a wedding or tapping your foot to the beat of a TV commercial, one thing is certain: Music plays an active role in our lives. There’s no doubt music brings immense joy, but did you know music also has therapeutic and healing effects? Research shows that music can heal both physically and emotionally because it engages all three areas of the brain, which are responsible for bodily functions (reptilian), memories and emotions (limbic), and language and consciousness (neocortex). For Sarah Knobloch, music was the turning point in her recovery. Heal the Beat After a near-fatal car accident, 15-year-old Sarah found herself in a coma in an Atlanta hospital. Unsure whether or not she would survive, doctors urged her mother, Caroline, to begin thinking about organ donation. But Sarah’s mother wasn’t ready for that. Instead, she turned to music. “Early on, the doctors said we could bring music into her hospital room,” Caroline said. “One of my friends is a music teacher who downloaded a bunch of classic music for us to play in her room. We always had music playing.” Sarah was in a coma for 20 days and remained hospitalized for seven months. As she slowly began to recover, music and movement were the cornerstones of her daily recovery program. “I like rap and hip-hop, so that’s what works best for me,” Sarah said. “The music helps me remember good times, and for someone with memory loss, that’s been really important.” In 2016, Sarah discovered POUND®, a cardio jam session of choreographed movement inspired by playing the drums using weighted drumsticks called Ripstix. She implemented the workout into her regimen and says it helped her retain her brain for better balance and body movement. A lot of science went into creating the drum-centric workout, co-founder Kirsten Potenza explains. Of course, one can relieve stress thanks to beating the bright green Ripstix on a yoga mat while listening to great music, but the idea behind POUND® goes beyond that. During a POUND® class, the music speaks to the heart and soul while moving and improving the body. “There’s something so powerful about being able to become part of the music,” Potenza said. “This isn’t about how your body looks or how you look doing it – this is about how it makes you feel. This is about making people happy through the music.” Check out POUND® for yourself at a MANIA® near you! www.scwfit.com/MANIA Exercising in water increases strength, flexibility and circulation while taking pressure off muscles and joints. We asked Jeff Howard, international fitness expert who has taught aquatic fitness for over 20 years, to give us his Top 10 exercises! Just like it sounds, either stay in one place and jog with a high knee or run laps! Make sure to pump your arms in a swinging motion while staying in the water. This will get your heart rate up while toning your entire body. Do them just like you would on land, but make sure to keep your hands under the water while you push off from the bottom of the pool. Do the twist! Start with your feet facing one direction, then twist to the opposite direction. Imagine you’re skiing while doing this one. Shoot a basket Stand with your feet as wide as your hips, then push off the bottom of the pool as if you’re shooting a basketball. Kick front and back with one leg Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart. Imagine you are kicking a ball in front of you and then behind you. Repeat on other leg. This is a great exercise for your glutes. Clap your hands Stand with your feet as wide as your hips and clap your hands in front of you under the water. Make sure to start with them out by your side and bring them to the front. Another option is to alternate clapping your hands in front of you and then behind you. Start in a seated position, take your feet off the bottom of the pool and hold suspended without touching the bottom by moving your feet and hands. This one is great for your abs. Hold on to the side of the pool with hands placed firmly on the deck. The width of hands should be wider than your shoulders. Push up from the bottom, bringing your body as high as you can. For a progression, try not touch the bottom or sides while doing the dips. Stand with your feet hip-width apart and push off from the bottom. Bring your knees up toward your chest while pushing your hands down. Towel assisted sit-ups for the deck Grab a towel and lie on a flat surface. Place a smaller towel or t-shirt at the back of your neck, grab with both hands and lie flat. Holding on to the towel, bring yourself up to a seated position and repeat. For a progression, add a twist while going into your seated position, alternating from right to left. Keep your hands under your shoulders while holding in a plank position. Increase difficulty by holding onto elbows and alternating weight onto one arm at a time. For a full pool workout, set your timer for 45 seconds and do all 10 exercises. Rest for 1 minute, then repeat! Jeff Howard presents the SCW Aqua Exercise Certification and aqua sessions at all MANIA® events. Check out www.scwfit.com/MANIA to find one near you. “Everybody wants to know… how I make… what goes into my anti-cancer shake!”- Bruce Mylrea

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San Diego State University respects your privacy and is committed to protecting it to the extent possible, subject to applicable state and federal law, through our compliance with our privacy policies and this Privacy Notice. This Notice applies to the information that we collect when you visit SDSU’s main website www.sdsu.edu and other websites that we own or control, and on which we have linked or referred to this Notice (together, the “Sites”). This Notice describes how this information is collected, processed, maintained, protected, and disclosed. Unless otherwise indicated on a specific Site, the California State University is the data controller for all information collected under this Notice. Contact information for the CSU is listed at the end of this Notice. This Notice does not apply to information collected from or about current or former employees, contractors, volunteers, and other workers at SDSU as part of their employment or working relationship with SDSU. Except as specifically described, our Sites are operated in accordance with the laws of the United States. Please read this Notice carefully to understand our policies and practices regarding your information and how we will treat it. This Notice reflects the University’s current practices and may change from time to time, so please check the Notice periodically for updates. Personal Information we collect and process In this Notice, “personal information” means any information that identifies or describes an individual user of the Sites, including, but not limited to, the user’s name, social security number, physical description, address, telephone number, education, financial matters, medical or employment history, password, email address, and information that reveals any network location or identity. If you are located in the European Economic Area (EEA), “personal information” includes all personal data as defined under EEA laws (including “sensitive personal information” which is provided enhanced protections under those laws). We collect personal information about users only as allowed by law and limit the collection of personal information to what is relevant and necessary to accomplish a lawful purpose of the University. We collect personal information (and sensitive personal information) that you send to the CSU, or permit us to obtain from third parties, for purposes relevant to CSU operations in pursuit of our academic mission. Examples include information needed for student admission (including financial aid information), employment, housing and dining services, online educational programs, research, health services, donor relations, visa application processing, event registration, parking services, IT usage and support services, library usage, bookstore operations, and website account registrations. Our legal basis for processing most of this information is to perform a task in the public interest or in fulfillment of CSU official functions, including those set out in the California Education Code and/or Title V of the California Code of Regulations, or under applicable federal law. Other legal bases for processing information include processing necessary for contract (e.g., to process parking permit payments), for legitimate interests (e.g., to send requested information) or consent (e.g., to process certain sensitive personal information). You may be required to provide personal information to access or use certain parts of our Sites, or features of our Sites or services, including without limitation, when you apply for or enroll at one of our campuses or programs, subscribe to a newsletter or email list, make a purchase or donation, fill out a form, participate in any of our programs, special events or promotions, contact us with a comment, question or complaint, etc. If you do not provide the requested personal information, you may not be able to access or use the features of our Sites or service where such information is requested. Depending upon the nature of the transaction, the personal information that you may provide may include: contact information (name, home or mailing address, telephone number, social media username/handle, mobile phone and/or email address, etc.); academic area or interest; financial information (financial aid application history, payment history, social security number, passport number, credit card number, donation attribution and amount, etc.); health record information (medical record number), allergies, past medical history, family history, current medications, current medical conditions) demographic information (age, birthdate, marital status, income, etc.); and profile information (admissions date, graduation date, alumni status, student identification number, username, password, relationship to the University, etc.). Emails and Social Media Sites: If you correspond with us by email, mail or via social media, we may retain the content of your communication or social media posting, the email or social media account address from which it is sent, and our response. We collect information automatically using technology when you visit our Sites or social media pages or when you open one of our emails as described in this Notice. The specific personal information (and sensitive personal information) we collect, why we collect it, and our legal basis for processing it, is periodically reassessed in applicable data process flow assessments or Data Protection Impact Assessments, as relevant. It is the policy of the California State University to limit the collection and safeguard the privacy of personal information collected or maintained by the University. The University’s information management practices conform to the requirements of the Information Practices Act of 1977 (Civil Code Section 1798, et seq.), the Public Records Act (California Government Code Section 6250, et seq.), California Government Code Section 11015.5, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (20 U.S.C. § 1232g; 34 CFR Part 99), and other applicable laws pertaining to information privacy. In the event of a conflict between this Notice and the Public Records Act, the Information Practices Act, FERPA, or other law governing the disclosure of University records, the applicable law will control. Any information acquired by the University through the Sites is subject to the limitations set forth in the Information Practices Act. The University will not distribute or share electronically collected personal information (as defined in subdivision (d) of California Government Code Section 11015.5) about users to any third party without the permission of the user, except in narrow circumstances set forth in this Notice. The University will not sell any electronically collected personal information to any third party. Such electronically-collected personal information is exempt from requests made pursuant to the California Public Records Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 6250) of Division 7 of Title 1). How we use the information we collect We use information that we collect about you or that you provide to us, including any personal information: - To provide you with information that you request from us. - To process application, registration and enrollment requests when you apply, register or enroll for our campuses, events, programs or services, or otherwise administer your participation in our events, programs or services, including (without limitation) study abroad and distance learning, financial aid, housing and dining. - To collect and process donations, gifts and donor information. - To process service requests from students, staff, faculty, and other members of the campus community, including the facilitation of parking permit and identification card requests. - To process registration for sports, cultural, educational, and other university events. - To respond to your questions, requests, comments or complaints and determine your satisfaction with our events, programs and services. - To operate, maintain, and provide to you the features, services, and functionality of the Sites and its contents, and to monitor and improve our site and the user experience. - To provide information about our University and send you related information including brochures and other University materials, campus and CSU news, academic notices, updates, security alerts, special offers, confirmations, and support and administrative messages. - To notify you about changes to our Sites or any services we offer or provide through it. - To compare and review your personal information for errors, omissions and accuracy. - To prevent, detect or investigate any fraudulent, abusive or illegal act. - To allow you to participate in interactive features on our Sites. - In any other way we may describe when you provide the information. - For any other purpose with your consent. We may also use your personal information for operational and other lawful purposes such as security, analytics, operations, fraud detection and prevention, reporting, making back-ups and legal compliance. At the time we collect personal information, we strive to tell users about the purpose for which the information is collected as well as the general or specific uses that we will make of that information. International transfer of personal information Personal information provided to us by users outside of the United States may be transferred to other countries such as the United States, where data protection laws may differ from those of your home country. By providing us with your information, you acknowledge that your personal information may be transferred to the United States and processed on servers within the United States. However, all reasonable steps will be taken to protect your privacy in accordance with applicable data protection laws. Any personal information or content you voluntarily disclose for posting to the Sites (for instance, any content you post) (“User Content”) becomes available to the public via the Sites. User Content includes, but is not limited to, comments, photos, videos, etc. If you remove User Content, copies may remain viewable in cached and archived pages or if other users have copied or stored your User Content. We reserve the right to monitor the User Content you post on the Sites and to remove any User Content for any reason or no reason including, without limitation, if in our sole opinion, such material violates, or may violate, any applicable law, or to protect or defend our rights or those of any third party. We also reserve the right to remove User Content upon the request of any third party. Cookies Information: When you visit the Sites, we may send one or more cookies – a small text file containing a string of alphanumeric characters – to your computer that uniquely identifies your browser and lets us help you log in faster and enhance your navigation through the Sites. A cookie does not collect personal information about you. We use both session cookies and persistent cookies. A persistent cookie remains on your hard drive after you close your browser. Persistent cookies may be used by your browser on subsequent visits to the Sites. Persistent cookies can be removed by following your web browser’s directions. A session cookie is temporary and disappears after you close your browser. You can reset your web browser to refuse all cookies or to indicate when a cookie is being sent. However, some features of the Sites or services may not function properly if the ability to accept cookies is disabled. Log File Information Log file information is automatically reported by your browser each time you access a web page. When you register with or view our Sites, our servers automatically record certain information that your web browser sends whenever you visit any website. These server logs may include information such as your web request, Internet Protocol addresses or other device identifiers, browser information, Internet Service Provider, operating system, location, date/time stamp, clickstream data, referring/exit pages and URLs, domain names, landing pages, pages viewed, and other such information. Clear Gifs Information When you use the Sites, we may employ clear gifs (also known as web beacons) which are used to track the online usage patterns of our users anonymously. No personal information is collected using these clear gifs. In addition, we may also use clear gifs in HTML-based emails sent to our users to track which emails are opened by recipients. California Do Not Track Disclosures California Business & Professions Code Section 22575(b) (as amended effective January 1, 2014) provides that California residents are entitled to know how a website operator responds to “Do Not Track” (DNT) browser settings. DNT is a feature offered by some browsers which, when enabled, sends a signal to websites to request that your browsing is not tracked, such as by third party ad networks, social networks and analytic companies. We do not engage in the collection of personally identifiable information about users’ online activities over time and across third party websites when an individual uses our Sites and therefore do not respond to DNT signals. How we share your information We fully cooperate with law enforcement agencies in identifying those who use our Sites or services for illegal activities. We may report to law enforcement agencies any activities that we in good faith believe to be unlawful. Release of your personal information for security purposes, as described in this Notice to any person or entity, including, without limitation, in connection with any government investigation or litigation, shall be based on a determination made solely by us, as permitted by law or, for those not in the EEA, exercising our discretion for which you expressly grant permission to us in accordance with this Notice. How we protect your information We take reasonable physical, managerial, and technical safeguards to preserve the integrity and security of your personal information against loss, unauthorized access, and illegal use or disclosure. Such personal information is stored by the University in secure locations and University staff is trained on procedures for the management of personal information, including limitations on the release of information. Access to personal information is limited to those members of the University’s staff whose work requires such access. Confidential information is destroyed according to the University’s records retention schedule. The University conducts periodic reviews to ensure that proper information management policies and procedures are understood and followed. The security of your personal information is important to us, but please remember that no method of transmission over the Internet or method of electronic storage is 100% secure. While we strive to use commercially reasonable means to protect your personal information, we cannot ensure or warrant the absolute security of any information you transmit to the Sites, and you do so at your own risk. Once we receive your transmission of information, we make commercially reasonable efforts to ensure the security of our systems. However, please note that this is not a guarantee that such information may not be accessed, disclosed, altered, or destroyed by breach of any of our physical, technical, or managerial safeguards. While we strive to protect your personal information and privacy, we cannot guarantee the security of any information you disclose online. We encourage all individuals to use appropriate safeguards to secure their computers and the information on those computers. For additional information on online privacy and security, please see the University’s policies and procedures related to Information Security; you may also consult with the California Attorney General’s Privacy Enforcement and Protection website. In the event that personal information is compromised as a result of a breach of security, we will promptly investigate and notify those persons whose personal information has been compromised in accordance with the notification procedures set forth in the CSU Information Security Policy, or as otherwise required by applicable law. Links to Other Websites We are not responsible for the practices employed by websites linked to or from our Sites nor the information or content contained in them, and we make no warranty, either express or implied, concerning the content of any such site, including the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of them for any particular purpose, nor do we warrant that any such site or content is free from any claims of copyright, trademark, or other infringement of the rights of third parties, or that any such site or content is devoid of viruses or other contamination. We may provide links to other websites to you solely as a convenience, and the inclusion of linked sites does not imply endorsement by the University or CSU of any of the linked sites. Please remember that when you use a link to go from our Sites to another website, our Notice is no longer in effect. Your browsing and interaction on any other website, including those that have a link on our Sites, is subject to that website’s own rules and policies. Please read over those rules and policies before proceeding. We do not ensure the security of your personal information if you visit websites not belonging to CSU, nor are we the data controller for any information collected on those sites unless we specifically state so. We further reserve the right to terminate a link to a third party site at any time. Access and choice We comply with all applicable regulations regarding data retention and deletion of personal data and retain personal information only for as long as necessary to fulfill the purpose for which it was collected (including for college operations), for strategic planning, and to comply with applicable laws and retention requirements. You can ask to review, update or make changes to the personal information we maintain about you, or exercise your option of having your personal information discarded without reuse or distribution, by sending a written request to the postal or email address set out below. We may take a reasonable period of time to respond. If you request the deactivation or change of information on our system, such information may be retained in our backup systems for a period of time subject to technology restrictions, or as a precaution against systems failures. Some information may be retained for longer periods as required by law, contract or auditing requirements or as otherwise described in this Notice. You have the option to decline providing information about yourself online and may use other methods, such as U.S. mail, to respond to requests for information or to communicate with us. You may use the contact information listed below to ask about additional alternatives to providing or obtaining information through use of our Sites. By providing us your email address, you consent to our use of your email address to send you Site and service-related notices, including any notices required by law, in lieu of communication by postal mail. We may also use your email address to send you other messages, including, but not limited to, newsletters, information on campus activities, programs and events, legal updates, changes to features of our Sites or services, or other account information. Where required by law, we will obtain your consent before sending you specific types of email or other communications. You can choose not to receive such emails from us by “unsubscribing” using the instructions in any email you receive from us, or by sending a written request to the postal or email address set out below. It may take up to thirty (30) business days for us to process your request. This will not stop us from sending emails about your account or your transactions with us, or any other service-related email. Opting out does not affect our communications with you via telephone or mail nor does it affect our use of your non-personally identifiable information as described in this Notice. EEA Data Subject Rights If you are an individual located in the EEA only, you have certain rights with regard to your personal data collected while you are in the EEA. These rights may include right of access, right of correction, right to be forgotten, right to restrict processing of your identifiable personal information, right to notice related to changes/deletion/processing limits, right to data portability, right to objection, right not to be subject to decisions based solely on automated processing, and right to withdraw consent. Some of these rights are restricted by law to information that was collected on the basis of explicit consent, or are restricted by other conditions (such as necessity for contract or to comply with the law). You have the right to contact us in connection with the exercise of your rights under applicable EEA law, which you can do through the contact information below, or by sending an email to [email protected]. We will respond to your written request without unreasonable delay and in accordance with any deadlines imposed by law. Unless we notify you at the time of your request, we will not charge you any fee in connection with the exercise of your rights. If you are not satisfied with our response, you have the right to complain to or seek advice from a supervisory authority and/or bring a claim against us in any court of competent jurisdiction. Changes to Our Privacy Notice We reserve the right to modify this Notice at any time. It is our policy to provide notifications, whether such notifications are required by law or are for other operational purposes, to you via email notice, written or hard copy notice, or through conspicuous posting of such notice on our Sites page, as determined by the University in its sole discretion. We reserve the right to determine the form and means of providing notifications to you, provided that you may opt out of certain means of notification as described in this Notice. You are responsible for ensuring we have an up-to-date active and deliverable email address for you, and for periodically visiting our Sites and this Notice to check for any changes. For changes to our Privacy Notice, it is our policy to post any changes we make on this page. The date the Notice was last revised is identified at the top of the page. We will provide notice on the Sites, or at website address, prior to the effective date of any change. Your continued use of the Sites after any change in this Notice will constitute your acceptance of such change. If you have any questions about this Notice or the practices of our Sites, you may contact us by writing [email protected].

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You're standing in the laundry detergent aisle, surrounded a plethora of options. With so many choices available, how do you know which HE laundry detergent is the best for your needs? Let's break down the key factors to consider, from understanding the different types to browsing ingredient lists and finding the most compatible option for your HE machine. Making the right choice can make a noticeable difference in the cleanliness and longevity of your clothes, so let's explore the world of HE laundry detergents together. - Opt for HE detergents with balanced pH for effective cleaning and fabric care. - Consider fragrance-free and eco-friendly options to prevent skin irritations and environmental harm. - Check for allergens and choose hypoallergenic, cost-efficient detergents compatible with HE machines. - Avoid harmful ingredients like phosphates, parabens, and synthetic fragrances for personal and environmental health. Understanding HE Laundry Detergent When choosing the best HE laundry detergent, understanding the specific properties and benefits of high-efficiency formulas is essential. One important aspect to grasp is the pH balance of the detergent. High-efficiency detergents are formulated to have a balanced pH level, which helps in effectively cleaning your clothes while being gentle on the fabrics. This balanced pH is particularly important for maintaining the integrity of delicate fabrics and colors, making sure that your clothes look newer for longer. Another key point to understand is how HE detergents cater to fabric care. These detergents are designed to work efficiently in high-efficiency washers, which use less water than traditional machines. The lower water volume means that the concentration of the detergent plays a significant role in cleaning your clothes. HE detergents are formulated to be low-sudsing, allowing them to rinse out more easily and prevent residue buildup on your garments. This targeted approach to fabric care ensures that your clothes aren't only clean but also well-preserved. Types of HE Laundry Detergent To understand the variety available, familiarize yourself with the different types of HE laundry detergents on the market. When it comes to scent preferences, HE laundry detergents offer a wide range of options. From fresh and floral scents to more subtle fragrances, there's something to cater to everyone's taste. Some detergents are even fragrance-free for those with sensitivities. Packaging options also vary among HE laundry detergents. You can find detergents in liquid form, convenient pods, or powder. Liquid detergents are easy to use and measure, while pods offer a pre-measured dose for simplicity. Powder detergents are great for those looking to reduce plastic waste as they often come in cardboard boxes. Consider your preferences when choosing the type of HE laundry detergent that suits your needs best. Whether you prefer a specific scent or a certain packaging option, there's a wide selection available to cater to your laundry routine. Ingredients to Avoid Being informed about the harmful ingredients commonly found in HE laundry detergents is essential for maintaining a safe and effective laundry routine. When selecting a detergent, it's important to be aware of certain ingredients that can have negative effects on your health and the environment. One key aspect to bear in mind is the chemical composition of the detergent. Ingredients such as phosphates, parabens, and synthetic fragrances are known to be harmful. Phosphates can cause water pollution and harm aquatic life, while parabens have been linked to hormone disruption. Synthetic fragrances often contain phthalates, which can be harmful to air quality and overall health. In addition to the impact on personal health, these ingredients can also have adverse effects on the environment. Phosphates, for example, can lead to algae blooms in water bodies, disrupting the ecosystem. Parabens and synthetic fragrances can also accumulate in the environment, causing long-term damage. For those seeking a safer and gentler alternative for their laundry routine, fragrance-free options in HE laundry detergents provide a beneficial solution. If you have fragrance sensitivity or are looking for allergen-free options, choosing a detergent without added scents can help prevent skin irritations and respiratory issues. Fragrance-free detergents are also ideal for households with babies, individuals with sensitive skin, or those who prefer a more neutral scent on their clothes. When selecting a fragrance-free HE laundry detergent, consider chemical-free alternatives that use natural ingredients. These detergents are formulated without synthetic fragrances, dyes, or harsh chemicals, making them a suitable choice for those looking to minimize exposure to potentially harmful substances. Look for plant-based ingredients like coconut oil, essential oils, or enzymes that effectively clean your clothes without leaving any residue or strong scents behind. When considering eco-friendly choices for HE laundry detergents, prioritize products that are biodegradable and free from harmful chemicals. Opt for detergents that come in sustainable packaging, such as recyclable or compostable materials. Look for green certifications like the EPA's Safer Choice label or certifications from organizations like the USDA Organic or the Leaping Bunny Program, which guarantee the product is environmentally friendly. Sustainable packaging helps reduce waste and minimizes the environmental impact of the product. It also shows that the brand is committed to reducing its carbon footprint. Green certifications indicate that the detergent meets specific environmental standards, giving you peace of mind that you're making a sustainable choice. Sensitive Skin Formulas To cater to sensitive skin needs, seek out HE laundry detergents with gentle formulas specifically designed for delicate skin types. When choosing a detergent for sensitive skin, opt for hypoallergenic options with a guarantee formula. These detergents are formulated to be skin-friendly and reduce the risk of irritation or allergic reactions. Look for fragrance-free or low-fragrance options, as added scents can sometimes trigger skin sensitivities. Hypoallergenic detergents are designed to minimize the chances of adverse reactions, making them a secure choice for those with delicate skin. The gentle formulas in these detergents help to clean clothes effectively while remaining mild on the skin. By selecting a detergent tailored for sensitive skin, you can make that your laundry is clean and fresh without compromising on the well-being of your skin. When choosing a HE laundry detergent for its stain-fighting power, consider options that are tough on stains and utilize effective removal methods. Look for detergents that can tackle a variety of stains from food to grass and oils to make certain your clothes come out clean and fresh. The best detergents will have ingredients that break down stains and lift them from fabric fibers without causing damage. Tough on Stains For the best stain-fighting power in your laundry detergent, look for formulations specifically designed to tackle tough stains without compromising fabric integrity. These detergents often contain powerful enzymes, surfactants, and oxygen bleach to break down and lift stains effectively. Stain removal techniques like pre-treating heavily soiled areas or using fabric softeners can further enhance the detergent's performance against stubborn stains. When choosing a detergent, consider its water efficiency and energy consumption, as high-efficiency (HE) detergents are designed to work effectively in low-water conditions, reducing both water usage and energy consumption. Effective Removal Methods To upgrade your stain-fighting power in laundry detergent selection, prioritize effective removal methods that target tough stains with powerful enzymes and oxygen bleach. When looking for a detergent with exceptional stain removal capabilities, opt for products that contain enzymes like protease, amylase, and lipase. These enzymes work breaking down different types of stains such as proteins, starches, and fats. Additionally, oxygen bleach is a vital ingredient that helps to lift and remove stubborn stains without harming the fabric. It's important to choose a detergent that not only focuses on stain removal but also considers fabric care. Select a detergent that's gentle on fabrics while still being tough on stains to make sure your clothes look fresh and new after each wash. Concentrated Vs. Regular When it comes to choosing between concentrated and regular laundry detergents, you should consider how the concentration impacts cleaning performance and cost efficiency. Concentrated detergents usually require less product per load, potentially leading to savings over time. Understanding the differences between these options can help you make an informed decision on which type of detergent best suits your needs. Concentration Impact on Cleaning Choosing between concentrated and regular laundry detergent can greatly impact the cleaning performance of your laundry. Concentrated detergents are more potent because they've less water content and more active cleaning ingredients. This higher concentration means you need less detergent per load, leading to improved cleaning efficiency. On the other hand, regular detergents are less concentrated and often require a larger amount to achieve the same cleaning effectiveness. However, be cautious with concentrated detergents as using too much can lead to over-sudsing in high-efficiency washers. Understanding the concentration levels and dilution requirements of your chosen detergent is critical to achieve excellent cleaning results without wastage. Cost Efficiency Comparison Moving from considering the concentration impact on cleaning, analyzing the cost efficiency between concentrated and regular laundry detergents is a significant factor in optimizing your laundry routine. When conducting a brand comparison, concentrated detergents often cost more upfront but can last longer due to their smaller dosage requirements. While regular detergents may seem cheaper initially, they require more product per load, leading to higher long-term costs. Additionally, concentrated detergents have a lower environmental impact as they require less packaging and transportation, aligning with sustainability goals. When evaluating cost efficiency, consider the long term savings and performance analysis of concentrated detergents to make an informed decision that benefits both your pocket and the planet. To save money on laundry detergent without sacrificing quality, consider purchasing in bulk or opting for store-brand options. When looking for budget-friendly and sustainable solutions, buying in bulk is a great way to get more value for your money. Many retailers offer discounts when you purchase larger quantities of detergent, which can considerably reduce the cost per load. Additionally, store-brand detergents often provide the same cleaning power as name brands but at a lower price point, making them an environmentally friendly choice that won't break the bank. Another cost-effective option is to look for sales and coupons. Many stores run promotions on laundry detergents, especially during seasonal sales or special events. Keeping an eye out for discounts and coupons can help you save money while still getting a quality product. Remember, saving money on laundry detergent doesn't mean compromising on cleanliness – there are plenty of affordable options that can effectively clean your clothes without costing a fortune. When dealing with detergent allergies, it's essential to carefully examine the ingredients list on laundry detergent packaging to identify potential irritants. Some common allergy triggers found in laundry detergents include fragrances, dyes, preservatives, and harsh chemicals. These substances can lead to various skin reactions, such as itching, redness, hives, or even eczema flare-ups. To avoid these issues, opt for hypoallergenic, fragrance-free detergents specifically formulated for sensitive skin. If you're prone to detergent allergies, consider doing a patch test before using a new product on your clothes. Apply a small amount of the detergent to a small area of your skin, like the inner forearm, and wait to see if any reaction occurs. Additionally, choosing liquid detergents over powders can sometimes be gentler on the skin as they tend to rinse out more effectively. Compatibility With HE Machines If you own an HE washing machine, it's important to select a detergent that's compatible with its high-efficiency design. HE machines require low-sudsing detergents to prevent excess suds that can interfere with their efficient performance. Always check for HE detergent guidelines on product labels to guarantee ideal cleaning results and machine longevity. For best performance, select a HE laundry detergent that's specifically formulated for use in high-efficiency washing machines. These detergents are designed to work efficiently with HE machines, promoting machine maintenance and water efficiency. Using a regular detergent in your HE machine can lead to excess suds, which may not rinse properly in the low-water environment of these machines. This can cause build-up in the machine over time, affecting its performance and potentially shortening its lifespan. Opting for a HE detergent guarantees that the formula is compatible with your machine's design, helping to maintain its functionality and water-saving capabilities. Make sure to check for the HE symbol on the detergent packaging to guarantee compatibility. HE Detergent Guidelines Choosing the right HE laundry detergent is essential for maintaining the performance and longevity of your high-efficiency washing machine. When selecting an HE detergent, consider your scent preferences. Some detergents offer a variety of fragrances to suit your tastes, ranging from fresh and clean scents to more floral or fruity options. Additionally, pay attention to the packaging options available. HE detergents come in various forms such as liquids, powders, and pods. Choose a packaging type that's convenient for you and fits well with your laundry routine. Ensuring that your HE detergent aligns with your scent preferences and packaging preferences won't only keep your clothes clean but will also help your HE machine function effectively for years to come. User Reviews and Recommendations When considering user reviews and recommendations for HE laundry detergents, it's important to prioritize feedback from individuals with similar washing machine models. User preferences play a significant role in determining the best detergent for your needs. By reading reviews from users who own the same type of high-efficiency washing machine, you can gain valuable insights into how a particular detergent performs in machines like yours. Brand comparisons are also essential when sifting through user reviews. Some users may have a strong preference for well-known detergent brands, while others might prioritize eco-friendly options or those specifically formulated for sensitive skin. Pay attention to recurring comments about a brand's cleaning power, scent, residue left on clothes, and compatibility with different wash cycles. Frequently Asked Questions Can HE Laundry Detergent Be Used in Regular Washing Machines? Yes, HE laundry detergent can be used in regular washing machines, but it isn't recommended. HE detergents are formulated for high-efficiency washers, which use less water. Using HE detergent in a regular machine may result in too many suds, leading to poor rinsing and potential damage to the appliance. Regular detergents don't work as effectively in HE washers due to their low-sudsing formula. It's best to use the appropriate detergent for your specific washer type. How Do I Know if a Detergent Is Safe for Use on Delicates and Hand-Washables? To find a detergent safe for delicates and hand-washables, look for a gentle formula meant for sensitive fabrics. Check the label for indications that it's hand wash approved and suitable for delicate garments. These detergents are typically milder and designed to clean without damaging fragile fabrics. Always follow care instructions on clothing labels to guarantee you're using the right detergent for your delicate items. Are THEre Any Special Considerations for Using HE Detergent in Cold Water Wash Cycles? When washing in cold water with HE detergent, consider its temperature effectiveness compared to hot water. HE detergents are formulated to work efficiently in cold water, saving energy and money. They're also more environmentally friendly than traditional detergents, as they produce fewer suds and require less water to rinse. This makes HE detergents a great choice for cold water wash cycles, ensuring your clothes are clean while reducing your carbon footprint. Can HE Laundry Detergent Be Used in Combination With Fabric Softeners or Scent Boosters? When using HE laundry detergent, it's important to contemplate if it can be used with fabric softeners or scent boosters. Additives like fabric softeners can impact the performance of your detergent. Check the labels for compatibility. If you prefer alternatives to fabric softeners, contemplate using dryer balls or vinegar. If you're looking for eco-friendly options, there are plant-based detergents that can be a good choice. Always avoid mixing bleach with laundry detergents containing ammonia or acids. How Can I Determine tHE Correct Amount of HE Detergent to Use for Each Load Size? To guarantee efficiency, determine the correct HE detergent measurement based on your load size. For top loaders, use less detergent than for front loaders. Check the detergent packaging for instructions on measuring for different load sizes. Adjust the amount according to the soil level of your clothes and the water hardness in your area. Following these guidelines will help you achieve the best cleaning results and save money in the long run.

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About the Episode What’s the difference between innovation, iteration, and disruption? We brought digital futurist Brian Solis on to this episode to explain. The author and Salesforce Global Innovation Evangelist provides insights into how these topics are distinctly different yet interconnected. Brian breaks down how any organization—regardless of size, industry, or notoriety—can harness innovation through a simple shift in mindset. In less than 30 minutes, he shares ways to not only unlock genius at the workplace, but within yourself as well. Meet Our Guest Brian Solis is VP, Global Innovation Evangelist at Salesforce. He's an eight-time best-selling author, international keynote speaker, and digital anthropologist. Forbes has called him “one of the more creative and brilliant business minds of our time." For more 20 years, he has studied Digital Darwinism to understand the impact of disruption on businesses, markets, and society. In his work, he humanizes technologies and trends to help leaders gain new perspectives and inspiration for the future. He has published more than 60 research papers on the future of technology and business trends, and he actively shares his work in industry-leading publications, including Forbes, ZDNet, CIO, eWeek, Fast Company, and Adweek. Brian Solis: Innovation isn't any one thing, but what it is consistently is new. It's new value, it's original ideas that carry new value. Lindsay McGuire: I'm Lindsay McGuire, and we wanna change the narrative around the future of work. It's not about adapting. It's not about changing. It's about creating the future of work that works for your organization. So let's create it together. This is future of work, a Ripple ?Effect subseries from Formstack. What is the difference between innovation iteration and disruption? Did you know there was one, I don't think I did. According to this episode's guest, there are some pretty important differences between the three, but they all build upon each other. Brian Solis is a futurist and global innovation evangelist at Salesforce to round out our future of work. Subies he's joining us to talk about how companies can embrace innovation, iteration and disruption. Here's Brian talking about what being a futurist means to him and how it's affected his work. Brian Solis: I'm a practicing futurist, which basically I'm also a digital anthropologist, which means that I study how technology affects markets, societies, behaviors in a variety of contexts. So oftentimes for example, it's businesses wanting to understand how their customers are evolving how they make decisions, what are their values and norms and aspirations, and then sort of reverse engineer those things so that a company can devise a more meaningful engagement relationship, strategy, experience, strategy, how, how to use technology to bring those experiences to life. And then the Fust part is really more about scenario planning. So understanding those data points and understanding trends, you play out in a series of likely scenarios, what could happen? You know, what if this, or what if that, and you plan for those scenarios so that you can devise business strategies or investments that are going to be wise or prudence should any of those scenarios be likely, but more so the, the skill and the exercise of going through that, that process helps you become more aware, more empathetic, more mindful about all of the things that you don't normally think about. And it helps you to be more prepared as a leader to essentially act outside of your own comfort zones and build the business. That's gonna be more resilient and hopefully more agile and more lasting and relevant. Lindsay McGuire: Yeah, it almost sounds like every organization needs a futurist, even someone with the tile futurist. I think that would be super helpful. Brian Solis: It surprises me. It doesn't, it doesn't hurt. You know, I wrote an article recently that talked about why AI black boxes should also have a, a, a role in the C-suite essentially becoming an AI future, which is, you know, we have access to so much data. And once you become a data company, once you, once you develop an integrated data system and the ability to extract insights across the entire organization in real time, AI can be developed to not only understand, but start to predict and even play out these scenarios, not like a human being would, but it doesn't hurt to constantly be thinking about this and build an infrastructure and have this, you know, quote unquote role for these types of conversations in the C-suite all the time, because, you know, no one saw pandemic coming, but some companies were actually prepared for global disruption and it's not going to be the last disruption that happens. Lindsay McGuire: Yeah. And when you talk about someone having this role at, at the C-suite, obviously what would play into that is talking a lot about innovation. So I really wanna talk about the impact of innovation on society as a whole. So what do you see happening right now on a broader scope with a focus on innovation? Brian Solis: Well, let's first kind of describe or define what innovation is. Oftentimes we talk about innovation and we'll think about technology, or we'll think about companies like apple or Tesla innovation isn't any one thing, but what it is consistently is new, it's new value, it's original ideas that carry new value it's products or services or technologies that unlock or create new value. Oftentimes when I work with companies or executives, or just EV you know, anyone in general, we'll get confused with just something new, not necessarily creating new value as innovative. And so we might introduce it to our business, our business process, our operations, and if it doesn't create net new value, but it does make something better, faster, more, scalable, more efficient that's iteration. And it's not a bad thing it's just different. And so I, I call that difference out because when I'm working with companies, for example embedding AI or automation, they'll say that it's innovative because it's new to them, but it isn't necessarily creating new value because we're taking for example, legacy or analog processes and digitizing them and automating them. Brian Solis: But innovation is so important because what it does is it sort of forces this exercise of understanding, you know, what are the trends happening in the world? What are the new technologies coming out? What are the new behaviors that are evolving and where can we create net new business value? Where can we innovate? What can we do? That's new, that's going to change the game because the more you do that, the more you can be disruptive because disruption is defined as doing these new things that make the old things obsolete. And that's what makes innovation so important. And in times of disruption, we also see times of great invention where people are pushed or inspired or driven to finally develop that new thing, that they didn't necessarily have that fire or that passion to do before. But now, you know, under pressure, magical things happen. Lindsay McGuire: What have some of the most innovative companies done? How do they look at innovation? Talk about innovation differently. Brian Solis: Everybody talks about innovation with their sort of understanding of what they think innovation is going back to the last conversation. But let's just say that innovation starts with the mindset. I call this sort of a prelude to innovation, which is understanding that within you, you get to decide what is the role you wanna play in any of this? Right? So for example, when we talk about something like innovation, we think it's for somebody else, or we look to bring experts in to help guide us with innovation, or we'll bring experts in to lead us through a workshop where we could practice design thinking, or explore creativity and all of these things, all of these things are good. But first we have to challenge ourselves with realizing that the way that we see problems today is applying our existing mindsets and our existing biases to something which is not bad. Brian Solis: But what it means is when we apply it to an existing problem or an existing opportunity, we're probably gonna fall into that cycle of iteration, just because of the nature of our work. If you think about companies in general, companies are designed to be horrible at innovation. And I know that sounds weird, but organizations are really designed to execute, to take what they're good at and make it more efficient, more scalable to constantly renew it and find new ways to grow profitability from it. But innovation asks you to essentially break the rules that you were taught to follow, to break the processes that make you inherently good at what you do to innovate is to go against the very nature and structure of what makes the organization work so well. So that mindset, that prelude to innovation, that challenging of your own conventions and that learning of new skill sets and that unlearning of existing mindsets and processes and standards is how we get to move into a new direction and why it's so important for things like creativity and empathy to be in our everyday lives, because it essentially pushes you out of your own comfort zone to see the world in ways you couldn't see it before. Lindsay McGuire: That is a very powerful statement, but I also think it can probably scare a lot of people and organizations, especially for ones who might be a little bit more quote, unquote traditional, or haven't maybe focused on their own interpretation of innovation. So how might these organizations that fit into this more traditional setup start thinking about innovation and how they even can start approaching that topic. Brian Solis: Everybody should invest in innovation. It's the only way to constantly survive and thrive. This is a conversation. This preload to innovation that I really believe is a conversation that we have to have with ourselves. And to recognize that it, as hard as it is, innovation probably begins with humility. We tend to have everything working against us when we come to this conversation in that we're successful, oftentimes in what we do, we've earned our position in whatever organization we're in and we've been rewarded for, for how we've gotten to where we are today. And so to move towards innovation, which is to unlock new value when we haven't gone through that personal transformation really is going to create that common series of challenges, which you don't really bring out the best of people because you're keeping that exercise within an existing hierarchy. For example, it's like that old saying, let's think outside the box. Brian Solis: Well, if we haven't changed the rules, if we haven't changed incentivization and motivation, if we haven't made it a very safe place, if we haven't even said, we're gonna reward ideas, even if they don't work out, then we've just moved you from one box to another box. And that emphasis around personal transformation and recognizing that, you know, we're all biased. Everything we've done up until this point is actually working against this opportunity to see a new solution or to solve a problem in a new way. But that also is its power. That's, its super power is practicing things like creativity and empathy, investing in emotional intelligence, not only make you a better leader, but also a better human being and in life. And I, I think about one of my idols, sir, Ken Robinson may rest in peace. He, he said you know, a creative leader is someone who brings to life, the ideas, the creative ideas of, of other people, where they feel empowered to contribute and that they feel like they play a role in innovation or whatever's new to the organization. And that, that changes the dynamics of, of leadership and the organization itself. It sort of flattens it if you will. And that's a pretty powerful transformation, not just personally, but ultimately within the organization where the culture is empowering people that HR and incentives are empowering people to try and, and do new things. But this is essentially a new type of leadership versus the type of management that we see so often today. Lindsay McGuire: And it also sounds like innovation truly begins with humans first versus I think how we might traditionally think about it with innovation stemming from tech. Brian Solis: Yeah. Tech is, it's like a wand you know, you, we, you, you wield it in whatever way you feel is going to create for you what you envision or what you want. And technology's an enabler. It's not the, the solution. It's not the end in of itself. And even though technology in its own way is innovative. It's how we use it. So for example, let's look at the last 20 years of something I've studied quite a bit, which has been the mobile revolution, social media, the sharing economy now in, in an era of web three, you know, every one of those has been both iterative and innovative in terms of those technology revolutions, the technologies that power them have been iterative and innovative, but not all of them have been positive. Right? So for example, look at social media, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, you know, I've done extensive research that shows just how bad they are for human beings, what they do to children, what they do to a woman's definition of beauty what it does to confidence, what it does to your brain and, and how it makes decisions or how it focuses or doesn't focus what that does to your health and wellness over time. Brian Solis: But originally they were a lotted this innovative and they can be, but it's also in how we apply them and how we take these incredible opportunities to then reimagine their use for a more productive and beneficial world. So that ability to see that though would mean that mind has to be constantly open and optimistic and also not rooted in the ways that you believe that that is a new convention or that is a new standard, or that is the way that it's supposed to be done. Lindsay McGuire: Another thing you brought up too, was talking about how disruption has an impact on innovation. Can you talk a little bit about how those two pieces relate to each other? Brian Solis: Absolutely. So let's kind of back up again. So recapping, so iteration is doing new things. Innovation is doing new things that create new value and disruption is doing those new things that make the old things obsolete with innovation to scale then brings about that mass momentum, where everyone doing the same thing all at once creates that disruption where that new thing is the standard for whatever it is. So for example, when Uber launched, it was initially called Uber cab and it was a way of getting black car services, using an app at a better price than what, what it might have cost to book it through a limo booking company, for example, and that was iterative and innovative. But when they opened the gates to everyone could be a driver and launched Uber X on the platform that not only became innovative, but it brought the masses to something new with such great momentum that it became a standard. And for many people, it was very difficult to go back to using public transportation or traditional taxi services, just because of that empowerment changed the dynamics of how they made decisions. And so that's disruption where it became new to the point that something before it was now obsolete, Lindsay McGuire: How can people focus more on breaking out these habits to be more innovative? Brian Solis: Innovation is a discipline. And I believe it starts more with this practice of creativity. I think the common notion is that to be creative, you have to be inherently talented or gifted and to be innovative, you it's the same thing. You have to be Elon Musker or Steve jobs. But if you think about innovation with a small eye and creativity with a small sea, just the exercises of trying to be creative, the exercises of applying existing methodologies to be innovative, like ID, for example, has public facing free stuff of which you could practice on both creativity and, and innovation. What they do is they have a way of actually rewiring you. My last book's called life scale, and it focuses on how digital living a digital life like Snapchat, TikTok, you know, et cetera, text messages, how they have a way of over time, rewiring your brain for distractions, and it teaches you to multitask. Brian Solis: And it teaches you to jump from here to here. And we, we think of that as a superpower, but ultimately that rewiring strips you out of things, of focus or the ability to connect the flow or the ability to, to stoke your own originality. And those things are inherently part of creativity and going through these creative exercises where you're rewiring your brain to be more present, to be more mindful, to solve a problem differently to see an opportunity differently over time, just these, these exercises help you show up differently. It actually changes the, the level and the depth or the caliber of the ideas you might have. It makes you more open to other things too, like optimism and empathy. And these are all positive things to move you in towards the practice of innovation. Now, from there, if you want to be innovative in a field, that's where a particular discipline starts, but that prelude to innovation is really about how do you change your routines to make time for creativity to make time for introspection and expression. How do you make time to sharpen your EQ or your emotional intelligence? And you'll find that not only in your work, but actually in every aspect of your life, you wind up being happier. You, you wind up being more mindful. You actually are in that process, practicing more wellness. And so the benefits aren't just innovation towards your organization, but also towards your livelihood, Lindsay McGuire: Who knew a conversation around innovation would lead us to talking about having a better EQ and, and being just better, I think, able to approach anything in life. So I love that. What is one common belief you think people have about innovation that is just completely wrong, Brian Solis: That it's inherently tied to technology like artificial intelligence, for example, so many companies I work with are deploying AI, using existing models to do old things, using new technologies. I think that's the most common misinterpretation of innovation. Another one is that because you have an idea or because you have a startup <laugh> that you might be innovative as well, but remember that when innovation creates new value, the irony of innovation is that to scale that idea and that new value is also powered by growth and that growth and what you build and how you organize around that growth is ultimately what creates a company that gets bat at innovation over time, keeping that dynamic or some, some aspects of the organization like apple does, or like Tesla does. That's dedicated to creating that new value outside of the day to day operations that keeps you sharpened and focused on innovation and not everything's gonna work out. But the last thing is that just because things don't work out doesn't mean it wasn't innovative either. And that practice and that belief that you take those learnings and you apply it to the next thing you do that is innovation. Whereas some see that as failure. Lindsay McGuire: I love that you bring up kind of the balancing act there because you can't be full fledged on one side of the coin. You need to have that balance to be able to achieve both things successfully. And so I wanna wrap up our conversation with one question. I ask all of my guests this season, and that is when you think about the future of work, what do you think? What comes to mind? Brian Solis: I just wrote this piece for Forbes. It's called the great digital divide. And it talks about how the great resignation is actually just a precursor to this great digital divide. We had some new research come out at Salesforce that showed that 76% of employees feel like they do not have the skills to thrive in a digital first world. That I think it's about 55% say that they feel like technology's going to outpace their ability to keep up with new technologies. And oftentimes when we think about the future of work, we think about the workforce and we think about training skilling, reskilling. We think about education. We think about tools, technologies, collaborative technologies, devices, but we don't often put leadership in the spotlight or the hot seat. I should say. Essentially, every leader that existed before the pandemic in their roles is technically not qualified to lead an organization in a digital first world, because they don't technically have experience for it unless you are a digital first or a mobile first company to begin with. Brian Solis: So leadership also has to go through all of those very same things to be part of the future of work. So the future of work is going to actually have to start with leadership as well. And then leadership will need to reimagine all things from human resources to culture, to employee experience and employee engagement and to the overall hierarchy and operations of a company. And that said with that though, come some very exciting things on the technology side for the future of work, where augmented reality, mixed reality, virtual reality, the metaverse all kinds of very cool technologies are going to make work both more fun and also more complicated in that you'll have to learn new things to do new things, but that's also part of the excitement, which is why we need a more empathetic genre of leadership so that people feel like, you know, they're not gonna lose their jobs. They're not gonna get outdated. They're not gonna be replaced by robots and AI. If we have people rooting for them. Lindsay McGuire: Thank you so much, Brian, for joining us today. If our listeners want to dig into more about what you think about the future of work and your work as a futurist, where can they find you? Brian Solis: Well, they can find me @briansois.com or at Brian Solis pretty much across the social web. And I look forward to hearing from you. Lindsay McGuire: I don't know about you, but I had never even known futurists could be a job title. I think it's really great that Brian could join us today to discuss more about this. I would love my son to someday think about being a futurist himself. And I'm glad we're having this conversation to dig more into what that means and how can impact the future work for organizations. One thing Brian brought up that really hit home for me was that the digital transformation divide is real form. Sack release a report on this exact topic just a few years ago. I'm so glad we got a touch on this briefly at the end of our conversation. Brian talks about the digital divide in a way I think every organization should be thinking about it. There's a huge urgency to fix this digital divide because it's causing mayhem and organizations. We're talking technical delays, lengthy approval processes, bottlenecks, you name it. You can implement new tech, all you want, but the change has to start with the people. If your leaders aren't digitally agile, you'll lose to the digital divide. I think the most important thing Brian made clear in this episode is that iteration, disruption and innovation are all different, but yet they're all important and they all work together, but they are different from each other. I think Brian sums it up so perfectly. So I'm just gonna restate his definitions. Iteration is doing new things. Innovation is doing new things that create new value. Disruption is doing those new things that make old things obsolete. I can't think of a more perfect way to end our future work. Subseries I encourage you to take some time now to think about how your organization can be innovative, iterative and disruptive. I'm so thrilled that we were able to talk to Brian Jeanie and drew over the course of these past few weeks. I hope you feel more prepared than ever to create your own future of work. If you want an inside, look at how people are reimagining their world of work and making an impact, head over to formstack.com/practically-genius. Thank you so much for joining us for the future of work, a subseries of ripple effect. Don't go too far. We'll be back on the feed soon with more.

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Trauma-informed teaching is not a curriculum, set of prescribed strategies, or something you need to “add to your plate.” It’s more like a lens through which you choose to view your students which will help you build better relationships, prevent conflict, and teach them effectively. What is childhood trauma? One of the best definitions I’ve heard of trauma comes from researchers Rice and Groves (2005): trauma is an exceptional experience in which powerful and dangerous events overwhelm a person’s capacity to cope. Every child has a different capacity to cope, so this definition honors each child’s individual reactions and interpretations. Trauma is not necessarily violence. It could be things like divorce, major/frequent/sudden changes in living situations, or bullying. Trauma is an epidemic right now, affecting kids across racial and socio-economic lines. It’s probably safe to say that every teacher is working with kids who have experienced trauma. And yet most kids who have experienced trauma will not receive any kind of special services or counseling. The kids will simply show up to the classroom, and you’ll be expected to understand, process, and manage all those complex emotions and behaviors on your own. Here’s what you need to know to support them. 5 things to understand about trauma There’s a book called Fostering Resilient Learners (by Kristin Souers and Pete Hall) which gives a general overview of how to be trauma-sensitive. At the beginning of the book, the authors provide five baseline understandings about trauma. I like that as a foundational structure, so I’ll share those five things here and tell you a bit about what I’ve learned about them. 1) Trauma is real. We have to let go of this notion that kids can just “leave their problems at the door,” forget about everything that happened outside the classroom, and focus on learning. We’re not even able to do that as adults when there’s something upsetting happening in our lives. We cannot expect little kids and teenagers to do that. When we pretend that nothing has happened and ignore kids’ lived experiences, we find ourselves getting into conflict and confrontation with kids unnecessarily. Understanding that trauma is real and not minimizing or discounting it is the first and most important step to being trauma-informed. 2) Trauma is prevalent. This is not just something happening to a certain type of kids. We have to examine our biases and understand that trauma is prevalent among kids of all races and all socio-economic statuses and neighborhoods. There are kids in your classroom right now who have experienced trauma that you are not aware of and may never find out about. You don’t need to uncover the trauma, necessarily, but you do need to believe that it is happening to the kids in your classroom. Knowing that will help you be trauma-sensitive: You’ll be on the alert to look for signs of trauma and respond in an appropriate way instead of assuming kids are fine and taking their misbehavior at face value as just them “trying to give you a hard time.” 3) Trauma is toxic to the brain and can affect learning and development in a multitude of ways. Here’s what Alex Shevrin Venet has to say about this — she’s an educator currently teaching at the university level, as well as a school consultant, and she’s currently working on a book about holistic trauma-informed approaches: Trauma just really messes with healthy development in all kinds of ways. It can be anything from difficulty regulating emotions to difficulty regulating body temperature. I have had students who wear shorts the entire year-round or who are always wearing a hoodie in the middle of the summer, and it’s connected to a difficulty regulating how hot or cold their body feels. Really, when you think about the impacts of trauma, you can throw everything you know about regular child development out the window and start to look at each individual kid and say, “Where might they need some help in developing a skill or practicing something that for whatever reason, didn’t develop along the way?” Trauma is especially toxic to the brain and impactful on learning when it’s chronic or ongoing, as happens frequently for students living in poverty. I spoke with Jeff Baker about this — he’s a therapist who’s worked as a school counselor, and is also a journalist and noted activist and organizer: The fear that children feel when experiencing trauma has a very indelible imprint on their development. Popular related stresses are ongoing — they don’t go away. It’s not a one-time life event to live in a poor neighborhood that has a food desert, or that is rife with gang or community violence, or where it’s common to see police brutality. These things happen every single day, and so the stress becomes chronic over time. When stresses become chronic, the neurological side of things is that the stress hormones remain in the body, because the mind is telling the body that it must always be alert for triggers and a lack of safety. So, students bring this mindset and really the embodiment of trauma into the classroom and to the school. We like to separate these contexts in which the child develops and grows; however, they are all very interlaced and inextricably linked in a way. 4) In our schools, we need to be prepared to support kids who have experienced trauma, even if we don’t know exactly who they are. Sometimes the trauma manifests in really bold, obvious ways and with seemingly obvious causes, but most of the time, kids who have experienced trauma will not really be aware of their trauma or even able to name it. Many of them will be well into adulthood before they have labels for what they experienced and are able to understand and process how it’s impacted them. This is important to understand because it will help us apply trauma-sensitive practices to all our students rather than just the ones we know for sure (or assume) have experienced trauma. Alex calls trauma-informed teaching a “universal approach” which all kids will benefit from, so we don’t need to isolate and identify trauma-impacted children and apply the strategies only to them. 5) Children are resilient, and within positive learning environments, they can grow, learn, and succeed. Kids who have been impacted by trauma are not hopeless cases. They do not need our pity. We don’t need to focus on all the ways they’ve been harmed, make excuses for them, or assume they’re less capable. Kids who have been impacted by trauma simply need to be conscious of and sensitive to their lived experiences. How does trauma impact student learning and kids’ behavior in school? Alex gives a great summary of things to look out for: A kid who has experienced trauma is really finely attuned to safety and danger. They are constantly looking out for, “Am I safe or am I in danger right now?” And their ability to accurately process those cues gets all messed up. If you as the teacher have what you feel like is a neutral facial expression, your student might actually be interpreting that as you being angry or upset with them, and then they might go into survival mode where they feel like, “Okay, my teacher might be mad so I’m going to put up my defenses so that I stay okay.” It’s not just about the facial expressions or the social interactions but also really tiny cues in the environment of the classroom that you might not even notice, like if something goes by the window, or if there is a loud sound from a different floor of the building, or if there’s a student who moves unexpectedly. Any of those types of things can trigger that survival brain for students. The three responses of survival mode that people usually talk about are fight, flight, or freeze. You can probably picture many of your students going into any of those three categories. Freeze might look like shutting down, head on the desk, and not responding to any of your verbal cues. Flight might look like that kid who is constantly going out into the hallway without saying anything to you or is moving around the classroom a lot. Fight is where trauma behavior and what we might call challenging student behavior might look exactly the same, because fight can look like talking back, getting aggressive, throwing stuff, or look like any of those types of things that we sometimes write off as being disruptive. That might actually be their survival brain coming out. When you’re in survival brain, you can’t learn and you can’t have a calm interaction that follows complete logic. If you’re just trying to survive, you’re doing whatever it takes, and I think that a lot of teachers don’t realize how many of their students and how often those students might be going into survival mode as opposed to being in a calm state and ready to learn. Want to listen to the rest later? Download the episode here, or subscribe to Truth for Teachers in your podcast app. Mistakes to avoid when working with kids impacted by trauma - Don’t assume you know who’s been impacted by trauma and who hasn’t, the extent of the trauma, or the reason for it. There’s always more that kids don’t tell us or that we haven’t uncovered. Be humble and realize you will always be working with incomplete information. - Don’t label kids or unnecessarily advertise their trauma. Working with kids impacted by trauma is not a bragging right for the teacher to prove how hard his/her job is. You don’t need to announce it to people, as this can result in children being labeled. Other adults can easily make assumptions about kids if they only know about the trauma and not about all the other qualities and experiences — including positive ones — that students bring to the table. Don’t make a kid who’s been traumatized into THAT kid who everyone whispers about and feels sorry for. - Don’t judge the trauma or compare traumatic situations. It’s not for us to decide if an experience was “not that bad.” When you find yourself feeling jaded in this way, and thinking things like “I’ve seen worse” and “Come on, kid, get over it,” it probably means you’re feeling overwhelmed with all that’s on your plate and you’re not emotionally strong enough at the moment to be trauma-sensitive. It’s natural to have those moments, so be on the lookout for them and be prepared to do a bit of self-care so you can step back from the situation and see it from a bigger and more compassionate perspective. - Don’t take the behavior personally. It’s not about you, and if you can avoid taking misbehavior as a personal disrespect or affront to your authority, it will be so much easier to respond constructively. Remind yourself that the student is not giving YOU a hard time, the student is HAVING a hard time. Look for ways to help the student deal with those challenging emotions instead of adding more emotions to the mix. - Don’t try to dig up trauma and psychoanalyze kids. Students may not understand what happened or be able to label their experiences as traumatic, and you probably don’t have the time, energy, or training to do a deep dive into your students’ issues. Fortunately, you don’t need to know all the details of what happened to students in order to help them. Spend less energy figuring out the cause and more on understanding solid ways for responding to the effects in your classroom. Alex calls this shifting away from playing the “trauma detective” and instead, seeing yourself as the “connection maker” who can connect students to people who do have the resources to help them manage trauma. - Don’t take on the burden of fixing the trauma for the child. You are not responsible for solving the problem or restoring the child to wholeness. If you try to do that, you will carry the emotional weight of that trauma vicariously, and that does nothing to help the student. The student needs you to be emotionally available and strong, not in a ball of tears because you’re so upset about what the child has experienced. Make it your goal to be compassionate and caring while being lovingly detached from the situation. It is not yours. Do not take it on. Practical strategies for trauma-informed teaching Be present and emotionally available. There are ways to communicate to kids that you are there if they want to talk and letting them know you are a safe adult. From a practical standpoint, this looks like being in the moment with kids instead of frazzled, distracted, and seemingly overwhelmed. The older they get, the more kids will pick up on those cues and they will not see you as someone they can talk to. Slow down a bit. When you ask a child, “How are you?” really listen for the answer. Allow some silence so the student can respond from an honest rather than reflexive place. Ask kids directly how you can help them. When you see a student is struggling with emotions that day, it’s sometimes best to be direct. Say, “I notice you seem to be feeling upset today. Is there anything you need me to do right now?” If the child doesn’t know or doesn’t respond, ask, “Is there anything you DON’T want me to do right now?” Try to read the students’ body language and notice patterns in the way they behave so you can read between the lines on the days you can’t get a direct answer. You can also remind the student about resources and coping strategies that are available: “Feel free to sit over in the library area and get yourself together for a few minutes if you think that would help.” Watch for triggers, even the innocuous ones, and respond proactively. I once taught a student who would crawl under his desk and sob whenever I asked the class to take out a certain textbook. I taught another student who would cry and bang his head on his desk when we played a specific multiplication game. I didn’t entirely understand why either of those two reactions occurred, but after the second time for each, I realized those were triggers and started taking proactive steps to help the students understand what was about to happen and find coping mechanisms. When you see an outburst, shift from judgment to curiosity. Instead of asking what’s wrong with a child, ask what’s going on with the child. Changing your perspective a bit might not sound like a concrete strategy, but it is! Thinking this way will shift your countenance, demeanor, and energy. It will help you respond in productive and trauma-sensitive ways and students will be able to sense that shift. Learn more about the families and community you serve, asking “What else could be true besides my assumption?” Here’s Jeff on that: I definitely think that it starts with a curiosity about the students and their families, but also about the communities that they’re coming from. One thing that I’ve found helpful is asking what else could it be besides what I’m perceiving besides the subjectivity and bias that I might be bringing to the situation and the assumptions that I might be making. I’ve found that this is hard because a lot of teachers don’t live in the same communities that their students are coming from. It’s impossible to know unless teachers are very intentional about finding out more about what their students’ lives are like on a day-to-day basis beyond their classroom. Provide structure and predictability to counteract students’ feeling of being “on high alert” at all times. Jeff had something to say about this, too: Part of the reaction to childhood trauma is sort of this uncertainty that looms over each day, not knowing what’s going to happen and staying in the constant state of alertness that is really stressful to navigate simultaneously while paying attention. Having a very predictable, structured day can often provide the stability that students don’t have in other environments. Making the classroom a quiet, safe space where students can work uninterrupted, without distractions, or surprises really, and also having sensory materials (small rubber balls to squeeze when they’re stressed, stuffed animals, pillows with different fabrics, rocks, crystals, etc.) particularly for young children, can be coping strategies and outlets for expressing the stress that they’re going through which aren’t often present in the home. Dismantle structures and discipline policies that strip kids of power and control. Some of the ways that we traditionally “do school” can be triggering for kids who are impacted by trauma. Alex explains: There are some structures in school that inherently just don’t go with the trauma-informed approach. For example, some of our discipline practices like automatic suspensions, or shaming kids in front of the class, or giving a random consequence for something that they did all take power and control away from students. If you’ve experienced trauma, one of the first things to go is your sense of power and control over the world. As teachers, if we perpetuate that feeling — that you’re actually not in control over your world — we might be making things worse. It’s not just about building relationships and everything will be great. We have to think about how we are participating in systems that might be making things worse for kids. The reason that I think that it’s hard for teachers to talk about this is because a lot of teachers are in a school system where they don’t have power. They are told to do this curriculum at this time, and you’re going to get an evaluation and you don’t have control over it. Or, you can’t choose how to run your classroom because everyone in the school has to run it this way. It’s really difficult for teachers who feel that way because they kind of pass on that feeling of being controlled to their students. Be mindful of the potential impact of vicarious trauma. Teachers can experience a sort of secondary PTSD from dealing with students’ responses to trauma all day. This takes a toll on you emotionally, so it’s important to recognize that and build in self-care practices. Here’s Alex on that: That’s called vicarious trauma which is basically when you feel the impacts of trauma because you have been bearing witness to the impacts of trauma for someone else. It’s really common for teachers and social workers and other care providers to have. There are a few things you can do. One is self-care and wellness that we talk about all the time, but really committing to that and taking care of your physical, mental, and emotional health. The biggest thing that a lot of teachers don’t do is make time to process what’s going on. By process, I don’t mean vent (like when you go to happy hour at the end of the week where you complain about the challenging student behavior from the week before). What I mean is sitting with one trusted colleague, or therapist, or clergy member, or whoever that safe and supportive person is for you, and not necessarily talk about what the students did that week but about how it made you feel. Maybe you had a student that was acting out all week, and not necessarily talking about that it was so frustrating … but did you feel helpless? … not good enough as a teacher because you can’t figure this kid out? … like you need more support from your administrator? Talk about what’s actually going on for you and not letting those feelings sit and fester and grow — that’s what I encourage teachers to do and find that way to make sense out of all these various things that are happening to you every week. Working with kids impacted by trauma is challenging, but we don’t need to save kids from their trauma. We need to really see kids and help them become the best versions of themselves. Alex Shevrin Venet is a Vermont-based educator currently teaching at the Community College of Vermont, Castleton University, and Antioch University. Alex’s experience as a teacher and leader at a therapeutic middle and high school showed her the power of a relationship-based, trauma-informed approach in helping students learn and grow. She is an education writer and community facilitator for Edutopia, a school consultant, and is currently working on a book about holistic trauma-informed approaches. You can find her on Twitter at @AlexSVenet and her website is unconditionallearning.org. Jeff Baker is a mental health counselor, educator, noted journalist, and activist. A published writer with an M.Phil.Ed. in Professional Counseling from the University of Pennsylvania, and an Ed.M. in Human Development and Psychology from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, his commentary on social justice issues has appeared in numerous publications. As a trained counselor, Jeff has expertise in feminist therapy and sociocultural issues, as well as general counseling topics. Broadly, Jeff’s work in education focuses on child and family welfare, education policy, and school mental health. In addition to his work around education and mental health, Jeff is a vocal advocate for the prevention of bullying, child abuse, and sexual assault. You can find him on Twitter at @Fight4TheYouth and on his website at jeffbaker.org. This post is based on the latest episode of my weekly podcast, Angela Watson’s Truth for Teachers. A podcast is like a free talk radio show you can listen to online, or download and take with you wherever you go. I release a new short episode each Sunday and feature it here on the blog to help you get energized and motivated for the week ahead. I’d love to hear your thoughts below in the comment section! Peergrade is a platform that makes it easy to facilitate peer review in your classroom. Students review each other’s work, while Peergrade takes care of anonymously assigning reviewers and delivering all the relevant insights to teachers. With Peergrade, students learn to think critically and take ownership of their learning. They also learn to write kind and useful feedback for their peers. Peergrade is free to use for teachers and students. To learn more, visit peergrade.io. The Truth for Teachers Podcast Our weekly audio podcast is one of the top K-12 broadcasts in the world, featuring our writers collective and tons of practical, energizing ideas. Support our work by subscribing in your favorite podcast app–everything is free!Explore all podcast episodes Founder and Writer More resources on this topicExplore all podcasts If you are a teacher who is interested in contributing to the Truth for Teachers website, please click here for more information.

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On the assumption that five Supreme Court Justices—Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett—are prepared to overrule Roe v. Wade and join an opinion resembling Justice Alito’s draft in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Org. (“the draft”), we have some questions. When a decision you consider misguided has lasted nearly fifty years and your Court has rejected at least six prior requests to overrule it, is this the right time to scrap it? You’ve probably noticed that American politics are polarized, that heartbreaking violence is now a regular thing, and that a lengthy and continuing pandemic has put all of us on edge. The abortion issue is, as the draft observes, “bitterly divisive.” Is this a good time to pour gasoline on the flames, erect barricades around your Court, and hunker down? Or are questions like these irrelevant because, as the draft proclaims: “[W]e cannot allow our decisions to be affected by any extraneous influences such as concern about the public’s reaction to our work”? 2. A Court Divided by Party. When the Justices who decided Brown v. Board overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, a 58-year-old decision upholding racial segregation, they understood that their ruling would generate outrage and resistance. In circulating the first draft of his opinion, Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote that it was “prepared on the theory that [it] should be short, readable by the lay public, non-rhetorical, unemotional and, above all, non-accusatory.” With some nudging, every member of the Court joined Warren’s opinion and declined to write separately. The contrast between that shining moment in Supreme Court history and the present is striking. The Alito draft is long (67 pages with 32 additional pages of appendices) and evidently written for an audience of historians, legal scholars, and members of the Federalist Society. Rhetorical, emotional, and accusatory, it speaks of Roe as “an exercise of raw judicial power” (twice); “egregiously wrong from the start” (twice); “exceptionally” or “exceedingly” weak (three times); “remarkably loose in its treatment of the constitutional text”; “on a collision course with the Constitution from the day it was decided”; lacking “any grounding in constitutional text, history, or precedent”; and “more than just wrong.” But the most troubling difference between then and now is that the decision to overrule a longstanding precedent apparently will be made by no more than a bare majority of justices, all of them appointed by presidents of the same political party. Three of you in fact were appointed in rapid succession by the same president and confirmed by narrow margins in the Senate. The draft assures us: “On many other occasions, this Court has overruled important constitutional decisions.” Leading its list with Brown, the draft describes three of these occasions in text and 25 more in a two-page footnote. Although the draft doesn’t mention it, on six of these 28 occasions, the Court was divided five-to-four with all of the Justices in the majority having been appointed by presidents of the same party. And it’s been the same party every time. Can you guess which one? Here’s a hint: Your decision in Dobbs apparently will be number seven. A five-justice majority composed entirely of Justices appointed by Republican presidents once reaffirmed the decision you’ll overrule. It was a very long time ago: 1992. The draft declares that, just as Roe “inflamed our national politics,” the 1992 decision, Casey, “enflamed debate and deepened division.” The draft overrules that decision too. Do you expect your decision in Dobbs to heal us, or do you believe it’s your turn to tear us apart? After Brown, the draft lists West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (upholding minimum wage legislation) and Barnett v. West Virginia (holding that students in a public school can’t be required to salute or pledge allegiance to the flag) as cases overruling important constitutional decisions. The first of these decision, Parrish, was foreshadowed by decisions several years earlier upholding milk price regulation and a mortgage moratorium. By the time it was decided, as future Justice Robert H. Jackson observed in a remark quoted in Casey, “the older world of laissez-faire was recognized everywhere outside the Court to be dead.” The Dobbs draft says of the next case on its list: “Barnett stands out because nothing had changed during the intervening period other than the Court’s belated recognition that its earlier decision had been seriously wrong.” Here’s the story of that belated recognition. Soon after voting to uphold a mandatory flag salute in Minersville School District v. Gobitis, Justice Murphy regretted his decision and instructed his law clerk to look for an opportunity to overrule it. Two other members of the Gobitis majority also had acknowledged their error by the time Barnett came before the Court. Justice Jackson’s opinion in that case began its discussion of stare decisis by emphasizing that recognizing the right of school children to refuse to salute the flag wouldn’t diminish the rights of anyone else. Only one thing seemed to change between Roe and Casey on the one hand and Dobbs on the other. It wasn’t soul searching by conscientious Justices, and it wasn’t any change in society or new understanding. It was simply a change in the composition of the Supreme Court following a presidential campaign in which the winning candidate declared that a decision overruling Roe would “happen automatically” if he were elected. Might a future presidential candidate declare that a decision overruling Dobbs would “happen automatically” if she were elected, and might a future majority conclude that your decision in Dobbs was “more than just wrong”? Isn’t it harmful to the Court and the nation when rulings on prominent constitutional issues swing back and forth with the election of new presidents and the appointment of new Supreme Court Justices? Do any of the differences between the way Brown, Parrish, and Barnett overruled precedent and the way you’ll do it matter? Does the narrowness of your majority matter? Does the division of your Court by party? Does the tone of the draft opinion? Or are none of these things relevant because your job is calling balls and strikes, not statecraft? When you’ve determined that most of your predecessors over the last half century and four of your colleagues have been lousy umpires, is it your duty to say so? 3. An Illegitimate Majority. Does it matter how the shift in the Court’s composition that produced your majority came about? Eight months before the 2016 presidential election, the President of the United States nominated a respected jurist to fill a vacancy on the Supreme Court. A Senate majority leader who belonged to a different party announced that the Senate would refuse to hold hearings on the nomination or any other by that president. He maintained that the vacancy should be filled by the winner of the election. Eight days before the next presidential election, with a president of the leader’s own party in the White House and voting already underway, the same majority leader and all but one of the other Senators of his party provided the votes needed to confirm a Supreme Court nomination the Senate had received only thirty days earlier. The leader’s failure to perform his constitutional duty when the president wasn’t a member of his party, his departure from tradition (and the golden rule), and his boundless hypocrisy were evident. If either the first president had been allowed to fill the initial vacancy or the majority leader had applied to the second president the principle he purported to apply to the first, your one-justice majority wouldn’t exist. The political grab that gave you power shouldn’t lead any of you to resign or refuse to decide cases. But does it (and the justified outrage it produced) counsel restraint or prudence? The majority leader’s attitude was clear: “I had the power, so I used it (tee-hee-hee).” Is your view the same? Originalism comes in several varieties. Some originalists focus on the specific intentions and expectations of the Constitution’s Framers. This variety led Justice Alito to quip during an argument about the constitutionality of restricting violent video games: “What Justice Scalia wants to know is what James Madison thought about violent video games,” and if “he enjoyed them.” Most originalists today, however, seem to focus on the originally understood public meaning of the Constitution’s text. There’s talk of “new” originalism, “old” originalism, and even “living” originalism. The Dobbs draft doesn’t go deeply into the jurisprudential thicket, and we won’t either. Hardly anyone would describe Roe as an originalist decision, and we think the answers to our questions are unlikely to depend on which brand of originalism you endorse. But if Roe wasn’t an originalist decision, what was? The phrase due process of law may be the Constitution’s largest inkblot. What was its originally understood meaning? Of the hundreds of decisions interpreting it, can you identify even one—either “procedural” or “substantive”—that adhered to its original meaning? Historical analyses of the phrase look to 1215 when, in the Magna Carta, King John of England promised to condemn no freeman but “by the Law of the Land.” In 1354, Parliament began using the phrase due process of law in place of that language, and, in Shakespeare’s time, Chief Justice Edward Coke declared that the new phrase meant the same thing as the old. In 1856, the Supreme Court also called the two phrases equivalent, and the most plausible assessment of their original meaning is that they simply required the government to adhere to its own substantive and procedural law when it deprived someone of life, liberty, or property. As applied to the federal government by the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause, that proposition was redundant. By the time the amendment was ratified as part of the Bill of Rights in 1791, King John was gone. Even without the amendment, the government would have been obliged to obey its own law. In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment declared: “[N]or shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” The Supreme Court soon said that the Constitution’s second Due Process Clause had the same meaning as the first. As applied to the states, however, an originalist understanding of the words due process of law wouldn’t have been redundant. Instead, it would have upended American federalism by making every violation of state law a violation of the Constitution too. Would you have endorsed an interpretation that made a federal constitutional case out of every asserted violation of a city ordinance? The Supreme Court’s earliest interpretation of the Fifth Amendment clause in 1856 required the government not only to comply with law in effect at the time it deprived someone of life, liberty, or property but also to comply with the common law and statutory law of England insofar as this law hadn’t been disapproved by American colonists before the nation’s independence. There was little evidence the Framers had that idea in mind but equally little evidence they didn’t. So the Court looked to “the law of the land” the Framers knew themselves. Would you have embraced that interpretation? Would you have ruled that old English statutes trump new American statutes and that Americans may never depart from the common law of England again? The Court abandoned that view in 1884. The English common law required indictment by a grand jury before someone could be tried for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, and one of the other clauses of the Fifth Amendment specifically directed the federal government to use that 600-year-old procedure. But several states allowed prosecutors to commence felony prosecutions by filing a document called an information, and one defendant maintained that this innovation deprived him of due process. In Hurtado v. California, the Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment doesn’t safeguard all common law rights or even all historic rights listed in the Bill of Rights. The Due Process Clause refers instead to the “law of the land in each State . . . exerted within those fundamental principles of liberty and justice which lie at the base of all our civil and political institutions.” With that statement, the game was on. Originalists may shudder, but the Court took on the task of identifying “fundamental” rights. Would you have joined the Hurtado decision? What do you think of this passage? The Constitution of the United States was ordained, it is true, by descendants of Englishmen, who inherited the traditions of English law and history; but it was made for an undefined and expanding future, and for a people gathered and to be gathered from many nations and of many tongues. . . . There is nothing in Magna Charta, rightly construed as a broad charter of public right and law, which ought to exclude the best ideas of all systems and of every age. Hurtado empowered judges to distinguish between the old English rights they considered fundamental and those they didn’t, but the limitation to old English rights didn’t stick. The common law had never provided a right to appointed counsel for indigent defendants, but when two young white women accused eight young Black men of rape and an Alabama judge made no effective appointment of counsel before the defendants were convicted and sentenced to death, the Supreme Court held that the state hadn’t afforded the defendants the process they were due. Would you have dissented and permitted Alabama to send the Scottsboro Boys to the electric chair? Although no one’s heard of it, one Supreme Court decision did adhere to the original meaning. In Walker v. Sauvinet in 1876, the Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment didn’t require Louisiana to provide jury trials in civil cases. It was enough that the state had obeyed its own law: “[T]his process in the States is regulated by the law of the State.” When just about everything after that decision departed from the original meaning, what’s a poor originalist to do? No originalist believes she should overrule all the decisions of her misguided predecessors, and Justice Scalia explained why he tolerated most of them: “I’m an originalist and a textualist, not a nut.” In construing the Due Process Clause, non-originalist predecessors have given an originalist Justice many options. Should she speak of vested rights, deeply rooted rights, conduct that shocks the conscience, the police power, emanations of penumbras, outrageous conduct, tiers, interest balancing, arbitrariness, selective incorporation, ordered liberty, the principles at the base of our civil and political institutions, or something else? Should she choose the standard that validates the fewest of the existing due process rights the Framers never contemplated? Or the standard that upholds only the oldest of the rights the Framers didn’t anticipate? (That one wouldn’t be good for women.) Or the standard that itself is the oldest or that has the grandest and most archaic-sounding language? Are you ever secretly pleased that some of your predecessors weren’t originalists? In the wee hours of the night, does it sometimes seem fortunate that their decisions allow you to have your cake and eat it too? The draft declares: “[The Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause] has been held to guarantee some rights that are not mentioned in the Constitution, but any such right must be ‘deeply rooted in this Nation’s history and tradition’ and “implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.’” It cites Washington v. Glucksberg as authority for this proposition. Glucksberg held that the Fourteenth Amendment doesn’t provide a right to assisted suicide. That decision, however, purported to apply the same standard as the 1992 decision in Casey reaffirming the right to an abortion. Why did you pick that one? Why does Glucksberg have more precedential oomph than the older decisions in Casey and Roe? Your endorsement of Glucksberg raises further questions. In determining whether a right is “deeply rooted” and “implicit in the concept of ordered liberty,” how broadly or narrowly should the right be defined? Casey spoke of the right to make “personal decisions relating to marriage, procreation, contraception, family relationships, and child rearing and education”; of “the right to decide whether to bear and beget a child”; and of “the right to an abortion.” The broader the description of the right, the more rooted and essential it may appear to be. But what makes one description more appropriate than another? Is this the stage where the rabbit goes into the hat? Casey noted that, rather than prohibit abortion, a state concerned about overpopulation or severely handicapped newborns might mandate it in some situations. And if the liberty protected by Due Process Clause didn’t include the right to decide whether to bear and beget a child, this action would appear to be constitutional. Would you “permit each state to address [the question of mandatory abortion] in accordance with the views of its citizens”? The draft observes that “the Constitution makes no mention of abortion” and declares that Roe had “no grounding in the constitutional text.” In addition, it concludes that Supreme Court precedents protect only two categories of “substantive” Fourteenth Amendment due process rights—“rights guaranteed by the first eight amendments” and “a select list of fundamental rights that are not mentioned anywhere in the Constitution.” Rights in the second category must pass the Glucksberg test. It seems “textualist” to emphasize that word abortion never appears in the Constitution. If the Framers had meant to protect a right to abortion, wouldn’t they have said so directly? But the draft appears to have missed one relevant text, and it seems to answer this question. The Ninth Amendment appears just after the first eight, and it reads: “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.” Does the draft not only ignore the Ninth Amendment but also violate it repeatedly by denying or disparaging the right to reproductive freedom simply because it’s nowhere enumerated? Shouldn’t the draft consider this constitutional text too and tell us its original meaning? Is the draft itself unconstitutional? 5. Principled Judging The draft declares: “Nothing in this opinion should be understood to cast doubt on precedents that do not concern abortion.” Abortion, the draft explains, is a “‘unique act’ because it terminates ‘life or potential life.’” The interest in preserving fetal life would matter if the Supreme Court were balancing interests as a legislature does or as Roe did itself when it ruled this interest sufficiently compelling to justify prohibiting some abortions. But the interest in preserving fetal life has no apparent bearing on the standard the draft purports to apply—whether an asserted right is deeply rooted in America’s history and traditions. The right to engage in private sexual conduct recognized in Lawrence v. Texas, the right to marry a person of the same sex recognized in Obergefell v. Hodges, and the right to engage in nonprocreative sex recognized in Griswold v. Connecticut and Eisenstadt v. Baird have no deeper historical roots than the right to decide whether or not to bear a child. To declare that your decision in Dobbs will cast no doubt on these rights is to limit the decision by fiat. Unprincipled though your pledge seems to be, we hope you’ll honor it. But does that arbitrary limitation make you at all uncomfortable about accusing the Court that decided Roe of exercising raw judicial power? Did your parents mention that aphorism about people who live in glass houses? The draft declares: “It is time to . . . return the issue of abortion to the people’s elected representatives.” Did you mean the minority’s elected representatives? The Framers of the Constitution offered at most two cheers for democracy. James Madison wrote that pure democracies were “spectacles of turbulence and confusion,” and Alexander Hamilton proclaimed that the ancient democracies “never possessed one feature of good government.” Deliberately undemocratic constitutional provisions such as those establishing the Electoral College and affording each state equal representation in the Senate in fact allowed several of you to become Justices of the Supreme Court after you were nominated by a president who lost the popular vote and confirmed by senators who represented fewer Americans than the senators who voted against confirmation. We’d change those undemocratic provisions if we could, but they’re the law. None of the judges we’ve met consider themselves entitled to construe the Constitution’s structural provisions in accord with their personal values or to keep these provisions in tune with the times. Despite their reservations, the Framers established the most democratic government on earth, and American democracy then grew stronger. It took a Civil War and some hard-fought amendments, but Blacks and women ultimately gained the right to vote. And after John Lewis marched and bled, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 began to make the voting rights granted on parchment a reality. In recent years, however, American democracy has been under assault by the Supreme Court—specifically, by majorities composed entirely of Justices appointed by Republican presidents. We’ll use the term “partisan majority” to speak of cases in which these majorities outvoted all the Justices appointed by Democratic presidents (and—often—some appointed by Republican presidents too). We mean this term to indicate division along party lines rather than to characterize anyone’s motivation. In 2000, one of these majorities determined the outcome of a presidential election. Eight years later, Justice Scalia said of Bush v. Gore: “Get over it.” But we still haven’t (especially not the one of us—Professor Tribe—who was counsel of record for Vice President Gore). We think of it as the case in which the patron saint of originalists proved conclusively that he wasn’t. In 2010, another partisan majority hit democracy twice in Citizens United v. FEC. It first overruled earlier decisions allowing Congress to impose distinctive limits on political expenditures by corporations. Then it declared that Congress may not limit independent political expenditures by anyone, thereby establishing a First Amendment right to donate unlimited amounts to Super PACs. Shortly after the leaked Dobbs draft appeared last month, a partisan majority interpreted Citizens United’s standards in FEC v. Ted Cruz for Senate. The Court distinguished between “the direct exchange of money for official acts, which Congress may regulate, [and] simply increased influence and access, which Congress may not.” The Court said that proof that political contributions changed legislators’ votes couldn’t justify congressional limitation of these contributions, because the changed votes might have been attributable to “legitimate donor influence” rather than “an illicit quid pro quo.” In 2013, a partisan majority invalidated a key provision of the Voting Rights Act—the one setting forth Congress’s formula for determining which states had so persistently subverted minority voting rights that, before implementing changes in their voting practices or procedures, they needed to submit these changes to the Justice Department and obtain its determination that their innovations wouldn’t have a discriminatory effect. The Supreme Court previously had upheld this provision. But, in Shelby County v. Holder, a partisan majority held it invalid because “things ha[d] changed dramatically” in the years since Congress last revised the formula. Here’s what the Constitution said about the issue: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by . . . any State on account of race [or] color. . . . The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” And here’s what the majority said: “[A] departure from the fundamental principle of equal sovereignty requires a showing that a statute’s disparate geographic coverage is sufficiently related to the problem that it targets.” Where did that come from? The Court pointed to no constitutional text. Did the “fundamental principle of equal sovereignty” stand on a stronger footing than the right to reproductive freedom recognized in Roe? Did this principle limit the Constitution’s express grant of power to Congress to safeguard voting rights? Did it justify the Court’s conclusion that states’ rights prevailed over individual rights? Or that a statutory mechanism for protecting voting rights approved by overwhelming congressional majorities was outdated and unconstitutional? Would you describe the Justices in the Shelby County majority as activists? Within five years of the Shelby County ruling, nearly 1,000 U.S. polling places had closed, many of them in predominantly Black counties. Republican-dominated legislatures had reduced early voting opportunities and imposed new voter-identification requirements. And jurisdictions previously required to clear new voting measures with the Justice Department had increased their voter registration purges. Last year, in Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee, a partisan majority construed the section of the Voting Rights Act that defines the discrimination the Act forbids. Critics complained that Justice Alito’s opinion often disregarded the statutory text and invited judges to take account of extra-textual considerations. In 2019, in Rucho v. Common Cause, a partisan majority refused to consider whether political gerrymandering violates the Constitution. The Court declared that issue “political” and “nonjusticiable.” Many legislatures that plainly don’t reflect the will of their states’ voters are now positioned to determine their states’ abortion law. Wisconsin, for example, is a swing state in which roughly equal numbers of residents identify with each of the major parties. On the day the predicted ruling in Dobbs becomes official, a 173-year-old Wisconsin statute will rise from its tomb and apparently become enforceable. This statute punishes performing an abortion with a prison term of up to six years (or ten if the fetus has quickened), and it makes no exception when pregnancy is the result of rape or incest. Wisconsin’s current attorney general, a Democrat, has promised not to enforce this law, but his principal Republican opponent has promised he will. Their promises don’t matter much, because local prosecutors will decide whether to charge abortion providers. Most voters apparently won’t welcome the zombie’s return. Sixty percent tell pollsters they believe abortion should be legal in all or most cases. But this super majority may not have the power to return the zombie to its grave. A redistricting plan drawn by Republicans and recently approved by the state supreme court could give Republicans a two-thirds majority in the next legislature even if Democratic candidates win an approximately equal number of votes. There’s speculation that, even if Wisconsin’s Democratic governor wins reelection, this veto-proof majority may outlaw abortion pills as well as the surgical procedures criminalized by the 173-year-old statute. Is it appropriate for Dobbs to proclaim democracy’s triumph? Or do your decisions make the “pro-democracy” case against Roe quite shaky? * * * * * * * * * * At the end of the Supreme Court’s current Term, the First Amendment will continue to safeguard a billionaire’s right to make unlimited political contributions. That right will include the power to buy influence and become an oligarch as long as government benefits flow in response to the contributions without any advance arrangement or understanding. But the Fourteenth Amendment will no longer afford a rape victim the right to decide whether to bear her abuser’s child. That decision will have been restored to the people’s elected representatives. Your colleague Justice Breyer recently wrote that your Court’s decisions, “despite all appearances,” are “truly apolitical in character.” Do you agree? Should we believe that your constitutional rulings have proceeded from your efforts as professional lawyers and amateur historians to channel the intentions or originally understood meaning of Framers who spoke long ago of “the freedom of speech” and “due process of law”? Are we to believe that your own preferences played no part? And are we to believe that Justices appointed by Republican presidents differ from those appointed by Democratic presidents because the Justices appointed by Republicans are less “activist” and more committed to following the law? Do you believe any of those myths yourselves?

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Loss of Transcendence - Lesson 26 Remembering the Christian Path Through the Psalms In this lesson, you will gain an in-depth understanding of the Psalms, their structure, and various types, including laments, thanksgiving, praise, royal, and wisdom psalms. You will also learn about the role of Psalms in ancient Israelite worship and their connection to the Temple. Furthermore, the lesson explores the relevance of Psalms in contemporary Christian life, offering guidance for prayer, worship, and promoting emotional and spiritual growth. Remembering the Christian Path Through the Psalms TH730-26: Christian Path of the Psalms I. Introduction to the Psalms A. Overview of the Book of Psalms B. Structure and Organization II. Types of Psalms B. Thanksgiving Psalms C. Praise Psalms D. Royal Psalms E. Wisdom Psalms III. Role of Psalms in Ancient Israelite Worship A. Functions and Uses B. Connection to the Temple IV. Psalms in Christian Life and Worship A. Relevance to Contemporary Christians B. Guidance for Prayer and Worship C. Emotional and Spiritual Growth - Explore the loss of transcendence in modernity, examining its historical and philosophical context, defining transcendence and immanence from biblical and historical perspectives, exploring the impact of various movements on theology, and considering responses to the loss of transcendence. - In this lesson, you will gain insight into the Greek world's origins of language and culture, the evolution of Greek history and thought, and the differences between Greek and Roman history. By examining the works of Luke as a Roman historian, you will better understand the cosmic and intimate nature of Christian history. - The Christian historiographical revolution redefined history as linear and purposeful, contrasting with ancient Greek, Roman, and Jewish approaches and profoundly impacting the study and writing of history. - In this lesson, you gain a deep understanding of the Dark Ages, the Reformation, and the factors that led to the loss and eventual restoration of transcendence in Christianity. - Through this lesson, you gain insights into the Reformation and Enlightenment's historical contexts, key figures, and events, as well as their impact on society, religion, and the loss of transcendence, ultimately discovering ways to reclaim transcendence in the modern world. - In this lesson, you gain insights into the loss of transcendence in modern society, its consequences, the role of Christianity in addressing the issue, and strategies for engaging with secular culture and promoting spiritual renewal. - This lesson teaches you about Radical Christianity, its importance, and how to cultivate it through deepening your relationship with God, prioritizing spiritual growth, and practicing radical love and social justice in a world experiencing a loss of transcendence. - Through this lesson, you grasp the factors contributing to the loss of biblical authority and learn strategies to reaffirm its importance in Christianity. - Through this lesson, you gain insights into contemporary biblical criticism, its methodologies, impact on theology, and learn to appreciate its contributions while recognizing its limitations. - By examining biblical criticism and its various forms, you gain insight into how Christians can respond thoughtfully, affirming Scripture's authority while engaging with criticisms and maintaining a commitment to truth. - By examining the loss of the soul, you'll understand its diminishing importance in modern life and learn to integrate science and spirituality for a holistic, transcendent perspective. - Through this lesson, you gain insights into classical interpretations of the soul and their interaction with Christian theology, while also understanding their modern theological implications. - This lesson equips you with a comprehensive understanding of the embodiment of faith, its historical development, theological implications, and practical applications in the Christian life. - By studying this lesson on embodiment in community, soul, and culture, you will learn how these concepts impact spiritual formation and shape your understanding of Christian faith and practice. - The lesson on embodiment and self-sacrifice offers insights into the New Testament, emphasizing Jesus' incarnation, the human body as the Holy Spirit's temple, and self-sacrifice as a key Christian virtue, while providing theological and practical applications. - This lesson equips you to understand the biblical concept of sin, the factors contributing to its loss, and offers practical steps to reintroduce sin in teaching and preaching for a more complete Christian faith. - Through this lesson, you gain insight into the cardinal sins and their contemporary significance, learning how to identify and combat them in modern society for personal and spiritual growth. - In this lesson, you gain insights into C.S. Lewis's critique of the loss of transcendence in modern society, his theological perspectives, and his emphasis on imagination in Christianity. - This lesson offers an in-depth analysis of the theological differences between Oxford and Cambridge and their impact on the loss of transcendence in modern theology. What then did Lewis write about in The Abolition of Man? The symbol is that the immediate threat is not the abolition of man, but the abolition that there are men without chests. And he means that being without a chest is living two dimensionally and not three dimensionally. It’s not that you just live in space and time, but that you live with space, time and God or, indeed, space, time and morals. And so really it’s simply to live an amoral life. And you begin to lose your emotional life when you live with amorality. - Through this lesson, you gain insight into Jacques Ellul's critique of technological society, its consequences, theological implications, and the need for a countercultural response in the face of modern challenges. - This lesson guides you in understanding the loss of transcendence, seeking understanding, and retaining hope amidst the challenges of modern society. - You gain insight into Jacques Ellul's life, his views on the loss of transcendence, and the influence of his work on theology and society. - You will learn about the concept of technique in the modern world, its characteristics, societal effects, and the spiritual implications it holds for faith and transcendence. - In this lesson, you gain insights into the implications of technique on society, its challenges, and ways to respond from a biblical perspective, ultimately aiming to strengthen human connections and reclaim transcendence. - Through this lesson, you gain insights into the Psalms' structure, types, role in ancient worship, and their significance in modern Christian life, prayer, and spiritual growth. - In this lesson, you will explore the role of domestic involvement in the Psalter, its significance in Ancient Israel's worship, and the impact of the Psalms on the community, values, and beliefs. - Gain insights into the connection between biblical eschatology and secularity, understanding key aspects and themes while learning to reclaim the transcendent in eschatology. - This lesson offers insight into the theological tensions between immanence and transcendence, their impact on modern theology and worship, and the practical steps for reintegrating them into the Christian life. - In this lesson, you gain insight into the concepts of immanence and transcendence, their effects on theology and culture, and the importance of integrating both for a balanced Christian worldview. - In this lesson, you gain insight into time and eternity, God's relationship with them, and their impact on human experience and theological concepts such as soteriology, eschatology, and Christian living. - Gain insight into Old Testament concepts of time, the role of numbers and patterns, the significance of time in biblical prophecy, and the theological implications concerning God's sovereignty and human responsibility. - This lesson provides insight into the New Testament's complex understanding of time, addressing concepts such as the Kingdom of God, the present age, and eternal life, and offering guidance for Christian living. - In this lesson, you gain insight into the loss of transcendence in modern society and learn how to recover and foster a transcendent view within your personal faith and church life. This course on the loss and recovery of transcendence in our contemporary culture is, of course, appropriate for all Christians, but, I think, especially for us here in North America, for the political prominence of a Christian religious culture that we’ve had in North America that makes us all the more exposed to the secularisation of contemporary Christianity. Dr. James Houston Loss of Transcendence Remembering the Christian Path Through the Psalms Our next lecture is remembering the Christian past through the Psalms. This may seem to be a strange sequence to having studied Ellul and the technical consciousness. I never heard anyone else express it, but I really believe that we’re liberated from our technological consciousness by entering into the consciousness of the Psalms. So there has to be a new recovery in the Christian life today of the potency and the comprehension of the consciousness that what we might call ‘Psalter consciousness’ gives us. And this is what we’re now going to explore. The Psalter is indeed a wonderful and profoundly devotional source of transcendence that has so profoundly influenced the whole history of the Church until the Age of Reason in the 18th century. It was the Age of Reason that eliminated the consciousness of the Psalms. And when you compare the meditation on the Psalms with all the high decibel noise of drums and contemporary youth worship today, you think am I going crazy when I compare the one with the other. But that’s how crazy we’ve got, that all the loud beat of what we call music today as worship would have totally horrified, like the invasion of the pagan Goths into the City of Rome. It was the same kind of new paganism that had come into our world today. Now, this is very shocking for young Christians, but I tell you if you have no historical consciousness, you’ve nothing to compare with and that’s why it’s okay. It isn’t okay. It’s terrible. And so that’s why when you enter into the consciousness of the Psalms, you do have to have a metanoia. You do have to have a change of mind to see things so utterly differently. So shall we pray as we think of the need to enter into this new consciousness of the Psalms. Lord, we think of this remarkable text that You’ve given to us, unique in the history of mankind: the meditation of your people over 4,000 years or more, going back to the beginning of the Iron Age. And what a gift it is that we can have their consciousness that unites 4,000 years of Your people. It goes beyond our imagination to know how this has ever happened. And yet, Lord, give us an openness by Your spirit to enter into this world of the Psalms. What a gift You have given to us and we pray that Your Holy Spirit will open our minds to receive it. For this we ask in Jesus’ name. Amen. When we ask ourselves how do we participate in the presence of God, the Psalms is the key to that participation. It’s a participation of our whole being, all our emotions of fear, of ecstasy, of sorrow and grief, of confession and repentance. All the emotions imaginable to the human condition, they’re all articulated by the Psalms. The Psalmist enters into all of that. You might say that the Psalms are a prelude to the Incarnation, that when God became man, God first, as a prelude, introduced us into all the humanity and the encounter of God with man in our humanness by articulating the Psalms for us. So Lord, give is fresh eyes to see and to hear what that reality is for us today. We’ve already said that our Lord himself as a child was saturated in the Psalter. Every Jewish boy for centuries was saturated in the Psalter. The memory of our forebears was a memory that was far greater than our memory because every devout Jew for generations and centuries have been able to memorise the whole Psalter. It’s our generation that has socially lost that memory. It was one of the givens in the Early Church that every leader of the Church that you could have no one appointed a bishop who had not memorised all the Psalms. That was a prelude for his education. How very different is seminary education today when the Psalms are scarcely even taught except by a few devout people like our dear friend Bruce Waltke, who’s given his whole life to studying the Psalms, and very appropriately so. It’s a great privilege that he has given me as a friend to see that world opened to me to personally as well. For, as Augustine is to teach us much later in the history of the Psalms, to participate with God in Christ is to recognise that the Psalms are echoing the participation of Christ with his bride, the Church, and that that participation is really what the Psalms are all about. Paul himself uses his references to the Psalms in such a way that you know that he truly was a Pharisee of the Pharisees. He truly was a Jew of Jews. Because more than 200 references lie behind all the statements that he’s making. He cannot really communicate anything about the Gospel without linking it with a reference to the Psalms. So almost 200 times in his letters, he’s referring what it is for us to be in Christ in the light of being in the Psalms. So what we’re going to explore now is what is the significance that the Psalms have played through the history of the Church. One of the things that you observe about the Early Fathers was that to them the climax of their consciousness was Psalmic consciousness. And so the magnum opus, the most significant book that these early writers were writing on, was as to say at the end of my life nothing is more important than my meditation on the Psalms. Augustine himself preached on the Psalter several times a week and certainly he was so familiar with the Psalms that on one occasion the lector, in his nervousness, read the wrong Psalm. He wasn’t at all phased. Augustine stood up before his congregation in Carthage and he said the spirit of the Lord has guided us to choose another Psalm. It wasn’t a mistake. It was the spirit of the Lord guiding the foolishness of the nervous lector. And so then he spontaneously gave a wonderful exposition on that Psalm. And sometimes he’s asked to do it again. And so in the collection of the Psalter that Maria Boulding has wonderfully transcribed—and I would recommend that as a great classic for you to read, her wonderful, eloquent translation of Augustine’s Confessions and also of Augustine’s Sermons on the Psalms, which over 18 years she has collected together, and there are fresh Psalms that are still being collected even in more recent years—indicate that his whole ministry of his teaching was all bound in the Psalms. Well, we find that the whole life of the monastery, of course, was chanting the Psalms. And we find that this also became if you say what were the cultural tools—if we use that crude language that Ellul would be abhorrent about—what were the kind of instruments for culture that were used in the Dark Ages and then into the Middle Ages in the Western world, what was the source? And the answer was, of course, the Psalms. Let me give you an example. Alcuin was a remarkable monk who came from York in the North of England. He inherited the tradition of the monk Bede before him and so he was tutored and very much influenced by Bede, who himself was a remarkable scholar that was full of consciousness on the Psalter. And Alcuin was elected by the Emperor Charlemagne in the 9th century to be his minister of education. And as minister of education, as the educator of the court and then of the Germanic tribes, he was the one that was to introduce the new Christendom into the transformation of these pagans into Christians in a kind of new Constantinian reform of the 9th century. This is how he writes in his own commentary on the Psalms. As the angels live in heaven, so men live on earth who rejoice in the praises of God, in the pure of heart psalmody. Because you can’t read the Psalms without being pure in heart. No natural, no mortal, can fully declare the virtue of the Psalms. In them, says Alcuin are the confession of sins, the tears of the penitent, the sorrowful of heart. Here is foretold all the dispensations of our redemption, of the wondrous delights of Heaven’s mirth. Here shall you find the Incarnation, the Resurrection and the Ascension of the Word of God. He’s saying, as others were to say later, the Psalms are our mini-Bible. They contain all the essential doctrines for Christian orthodoxy. Well, that’s a huge claim we would say for the Psalms today, but it’s so far remote from our mindset that’s why we don’t see it the way that Alcuin saw it. And of course, the value of the Psalms is the Psalms are the layman’s Bible, the peasant’s Bible. You don’t need to be educated to appreciate the Psalter. And so yes, you might have scholars that are comparing the various texts of the Bible and you may also find that you’re not able to read the Bible because it’s been locked up in the Latin Vulgate, so it’s only by the singing of the Psalms that the peasantry of the Dark Ages and the Middle Ages were liberated from the Vulgate imprisonment because they all sang the Psalms and they all memorised the Psalms, so that’s their Bible. And it’s ironic that in some ways the intensity of the need of using the Psalms is because the people were not educated to have the Vulgate to open themselves to the whole of the scriptures. So when we enter into that world, what man abuses, God uses to His advantage. So without a Latin education the Psalms were always accessible. And so it was in 1227 at the Council of Toulouse that the Church recognised that yes, the scriptures are available to the laity in the vernacular use of the Psalms. That was the freedom that was given to them. And so we find lay commentaries on the Psalter in Middle English appearing in the 13th and 14th centuries, but there was a long tradition before that in the use of the Psalms. Let me give you some examples of how the Psalms were used. We have evidence from the Irish bogs of Ireland of textbooks used by children. A child’s slate has been preserved in one of these bogs that dates from the 6th century. It’s the earliest evidence we have of Celtic education. And on the slate is a Psalm quote and suggests that learning the alphabet or learning the vernacular language was done for children through the recitation of the Psalms, that you use the Psalms as your first childish exercise to be a reader or a writer. What the scholars have discovered is that this quote from the Psalm belongs to a translation by Theodore of Mopsuestia, who was a late 5th century commentator in Syria. And you say how in the world did that commentator’s writing ever reach an Irish bog? Well, it indicates to you there was already sea trade between the Phoenicians earlier on and their later successors as traders were trading with the peninsulas of Western Europe like Galacia or Brittany or Ireland. In other words, it was done by sea. We also find that Cassiodorus, who was a senator, actually he was Governor of Milan, in the region of Lombardy in the 7th century Northern Italy, or late 6th century a few years before that, he gives us a complete commentary on the Psalter as a politician. He’s not like Augustine before him, but why does he use the Psalms? Well, he wants to use the Psalms for the profession of being a rhetorician, as a politician has to be. So from the education of a small child to the sophisticated education of a rhetorician, it was the Psalms that was the basis for them both. Have you ever seen a textbook that is for the first kindergarten and also for advanced university students? No. But that’s what the Psalter was. It’s for everybody. And so all the devices of Classical rhetoric are illustrated by Cassiodorus in the Psalms. And I can’t go into the details. You’ll find it discussed in our book that I wrote, in our first volume, with Bruce Waltke on the Psalms of Praise and Worship, that you’ll find there enumerated all the Classical tricks of rhetoric that Cassiodorus said were illustrated in the use of the Psalms. In other words, every expression of the human mind, of the human emotion, was captivated by the Psalter. And that’s why I’m saying that in the history of a Christian society, the Psalms were the alternative to what technology is today. That’s quite a statement, isn’t it? Because you see, the whole mindset is totally absorbed by that reality. It’s a form of consciousness that’s different from our consciousness today. One of the interesting books that follows further on this theme is Hannibal Hamlin, who’s written recently a book called Psalm Culture and Early Modern English Literature. But he’s showing that later in, say, Tudor and later periods, that the foundations of English literature, especially the poetic expression of it, are all founded on the Psalter. And so in the English court of Edward VI and throughout that, all the later growth of English literary studies in the next century and a half are all founded on the devotion to the Psalms. What I’m suggesting that we Christians have to be is not homo sapiens, but homo participans of the Psalms, that we have a participatory consciousness that we gain from the Psalms. It’s not man the knower that is the focus of the Psalter; it’s man the participator. It begins with the claim that God is spoken of in the Psalter as I AM—the I AM that I AM. And it’s to the great credit of Dr Waltke that he never translates Yahweh in the Psalms as Lord. He is Lord of all, but more profoundly it’s expressive of His being as the I AM that I AM, the ineffable, the unnameable that the Jews have appropriately recognised that this tetragrammaton is the mystery of the unpronounceable because God is beyond all thought. He’s beyond all human vocality. He’s ineffable in His expression of His I AM-ness, He’s unlike, therefore, any lord, unlike any king, so while we think of Him in His kingship and we think of the other metaphors that are used to express how He relates to us humanly by metaphor, the Psalms are telling us that there we enter into the mystery of who He is. And if you want to know how it is that we enter into the consciousness of the Kingdom of Heaven or the Kingdom of God then it’s through the Psalter that we enter in. There, we’re subject to His presence, to participation with Him. It’s then in having such memorisation of the Psalms that we can become a participant to the mystery of God. This was certainly a climactic theme of the monastic culture, so that in the chanting of the Psalter every day, all the monks were all familiar with all the Psalms. How often did they recite them? They recited the Psalter every week. When you’ve spent 30, 40 years as a monk and you recited the Psalms every week, don’t you think they are totally impressed on your consciousness like nothing else, that your wakening thought, that your disturbance of feelings throughout the day is immediately that you get the resources of the Psalter to comfort you, to abate your fear, to guide you in temptation, to comfort you as you’re depressed, whatever it is? And so we find that in the renewal of the monastic movement by leaders like Bernard of Clairvaux in the Cistercian reform, it’s Bernard’s friend William of St Thierry in his Enigma of Faith who indicates to us what it is to participate in the mystery of the Trinity, of this mysterious Trinitarian spirituality. And it’s to realise that reading the text will therefore redefine your self. The Bible, as we’ve said already, is not holy because it’s a holy book. It has the powerful effect of making us holy people. You’re not an observer. You’re not seeking to know. You’re participating in the mystery of God.

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“After this, Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly, for fear of the Jews, asked Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate gave him permission. So he came and took the body of Jesus. And Nicodemus, who at first came to Jesus by night, also came, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds. Then they took the body of Jesus, and bound it in strips of linen with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury. Now in the place where He was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid. So there they laid Jesus, because of the Jews’ Preparation Day, for the tomb was nearby. Now the first day of the week Mary Magdalene went to the tomb early, while it was still dark, and saw that the stone had been taken away from the tomb. Then she ran and came to Simon Peter, and to the other disciple, whom Jesus loved, and said to them, ‘They have taken away the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid Him.’ Peter therefore went out, and the other disciple, and were going to the tomb. So they both ran together, and the other disciple outran Peter and came to the tomb first. And he, stooping down and looking in, saw the linen cloths lying there; yet he did not go in. Then Simon Peter came, following him, and went into the tomb; and he saw the linen cloths lying there, and the handkerchief that had been around His head, not lying with the linen cloths, but folded together in a place by itself. Then the other disciple, who came to the tomb first, went in also; and he saw and believed. For as yet they did not know the Scripture, that He must rise again from the dead. Then the disciples went away again to their own homes. But Mary stood outside by the tomb weeping, and as she wept she stooped down and looked into the tomb. And she saw two angels in white sitting, one at the head and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. Then they said to her, ‘Woman, why are you weeping?’ She said to them, ‘Because they have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid Him.’ Now when she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, and did not know that it was Jesus. Jesus said to her, ‘Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you seeking?’ She, supposing Him to be the gardener, said to Him, ‘Sir, if You have carried Him away, tell me where You have laid Him, and I will take Him away.’ Jesus said to her, ‘Mary!’ She turned and said to Him, ‘Rabboni!’ (which is to say, Teacher). Jesus said to her, ‘Do not cling to Me, for I have not yet ascended to My Father; but go to My brethren and say to them, ‘I am ascending to My Father and your Father, and to My God and your God.’’ Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples that she had seen the Lord, and that He had spoken these things to her. Then, the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in the midst, and said to them, ‘Peace be with you.’ When He had said this, He showed them His hands and His side. Then the disciples were glad when they saw the Lord. So Jesus said to them again, ‘Peace to you! As the Father has sent Me, I also send you.’ And when He had said this, He breathed on them, and said to them, ‘Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained.’ Now Thomas, called the Twin, one of the twelve, was not with them when Jesus came. The other disciples therefore said to him, ‘We have seen the Lord.’ So he said to them, ‘Unless I see in His hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and put my hand into His side, I will not believe.’ And after eight days His disciples were again inside, and Thomas with them. Jesus came, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, ‘Peace to you!’ Then He said to Thomas, ‘Reach your finger here, and look at My hands; and reach your hand here, and put it into My side. Do not be unbelieving, but believing.’ And Thomas answered and said to Him, ‘My Lord and my God!’ Jesus said to him, ‘Thomas, because you have seen Me, you have believed. Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.’ And truly Jesus did many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book; but these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name.” It was on Friday in today’s term that our Lord was crucified to death. Friday is the day when the Jewish people prepare for the Sabbath. The Sabbath Day is set from Friday sunset to Saturday sunset, and on this day the Jews were not supposed to do anything. So if Jesus’ dead body was not taken care of right away, it would have been left alone on the Cross. So Joseph of Arimathea, who believed in Jesus as his Savior, asked Pilate to hand over His remains so that he may bury Him. He did this even though all the other disciples of Jesus and His followers had fled. Joseph was thus given Pilate’s permission, and he took down Jesus’ body from the Cross and washed the remains clean. Nicodemus, who had appeared in the Gospel of John chapter three, also came and brought about a hundred pounds of myrrh and aloes mixed together, and Joseph and Nicodemus washed and shrouded the body of Jesus clean. They then interned Jesus’ remains in a small tomb in the garden next to Golgotha. It was a Jewish burial custom to dig a dry cave and make a tomb out of it by interning the dead body in it. In general, it was common for the Jews to have family burial sites, and so most caves had the remains of other deceased ones, but the body of Jesus was buried in a new tomb that was never used before, so that God’s Word would be fulfilled. Joseph and Nicodemus laid the body of Jesus in the tomb, wrapped in linen to go through the natural process of degradation and leave only bones. They buried Jesus before the sunset of that Friday, that is, before the Sabbath day, and then sealed the entrance to the tomb with a boulder to prevent any animals or anyone else from entering it. Jesus Rose from the Dead On the first day after the Sabbath, when Mary Magdalene went to the tomb early in the morning, she saw that the stone blocking the entrance had been removed. Mary then ran to Simon Peter and another disciple, and said to them, “Someone has taken away the Lord, and I don’t know where He has been laid.” So Peter and the other disciple ran to the tomb, and they saw that the boulder was indeed removed. As the boulder was very large, it was not something that just a couple of men could move, and yet it had been moved. The other disciple looked into the tomb with Peter, but he didn’t go in probably because he was too afraid. So Peter went into the tomb and saw the linen cloths lying there, and the handkerchief that had been around Jesus’ head folded together in another place. The Jewish people wrapped the whole remains with linen cloths from the toe to the head, but the linen that had been wrapped around Jesus’ head was folded together in a different place by itself, apart from the linen cloths that had been wrapped around His body. Even though the Old Testament said that death would not be able to swallow Jesus, and Jesus Himself also said repeatedly that He would be resurrected, His disciples did not keep in mind that He would rise from the dead again. So the disciples thought that someone had stolen Jesus’ remains. But at the same time, they also wondered why, if the body of Jesus was indeed stolen, the handkerchief that had been wrapped around Jesus’ head was folded down neatly. Mary Magdalene is the woman who, after being derided as a prostitute, met with Jesus and came to receive the remission of sins. She is also the woman who had broken and poured an alabaster flask of very costly oil of spikenard on Jesus’ head. Hearing that Jesus’ body had disappeared, Mary wept at the tomb. And as she looked into the tomb, she saw two angels in white garments sitting at where Jesus had been laid, one at the head and the other at the feet. The angels then asked her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” Mary said to them, “Because they have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid Him.” She then turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not know that it was Jesus. The disciples had left the tomb by then without seeing Jesus. When Mary saw Jesus, she thought that He was the gardener, and so she asked Him if He had removed the body. But to her surprise, Mary heard Jesus calling her name. She then finally recognized that the voice and the face were indeed those of Jesus. Mary was shocked, and Jesus told her not to touch His body, as He had not yet ascended to the Father. This happened at the very first day of Jesus’ resurrection. Afterwards, the disciples of Jesus also saw the Lord, and they testified that they had seen the resurrected Lord. When Jesus appeared for the second time, His disciples were trembling in fear. They were all gripped by fear, thinking that since the Jews had crucified their Teacher to death, they would also be arrested and crucified to death. Jesus then appeared before them through the wall. As Jesus now had been resurrected into a spiritual body, He could walk through the wall. Saying to the disciples, “Peace be with you,” Jesus showed His hands and His side. The disciples were rejoiced to see the Lord. Jesus then said to them again, “Peace to you! As the Father has sent Me, I also send you.” And He breathed on them, saying to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained.” Although the disciples of Jesus had believed in Him, because they believed based only on what was visible, their faith was not a perfect one but mixed with doubts. But our Lord appeared before them after His resurrection, told them to receive the Holy Spirit, and then said to them, “If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained.” Like this, Jesus rose from the dead again. We believe that it was for our salvation that Jesus bore all our sins by being baptized, died on the Cross, and rose from the dead again. The body of Jesus was crucified and His death was complete. When a solider pierced His side to confirm His death, water and blood had poured out. Given how the Roman Soldiers made sure that Jesus was dead, it is not plausible for the Lord to have just woken up from fainting. Even if He had fainted, since His body was completely wrapped around in linen, He could not have risen up. The very way in which the Jews buried the dead proves that the Lord had indeed died and was resurrected. Today is the Lord’s Day. In the old days, the Sabbath was the day of worship, but now it is the Lord’s Day. The day on which Jesus rose from the dead is this very Sunday morning. We call Sunday the Lord’s Day precisely because this is the day when the Lord was resurrected. It is on the Lord’s Day that He rose from the dead again. When Jesus was alive, He had said, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up” (John 2:19). In this passage, the “temple” here refers to the body of Jesus, and this passage clearly implies that He would be resurrected in three days. Jesus was the true God who had the power to raise the dead and heal the sick. His Word was true, and there was nothing false to His Word. Because the work of life and power were found in the Word of Jesus, the Pharisees and the chief priests were worried that what Jesus said might come true. So when Jesus was put to death and buried, they asked Pilate to put some Roman soldiers at Jesus’ tomb to guard over it. They were afraid that if someone stole the body of Jesus and claimed that He had risen from the dead, it would create an even greater commotion, and so they put armed Roman soldiers to guard the tomb of Jesus. In other words, they made sure that no one would go into Jesus’ tomb. However, an angel descended from Heaven and sat on the boulder blocking Jesus’ tomb. When the soldiers guarding the tomb saw the angel, they were so shocked that they fell on the ground and were completely paralyzed in fear. The angel rolled the stone, removed the linen wrapped around the body of Jesus and His head, and folded it neatly. The Lord then rose up. He had been resurrected. The Resurrection of the Lord Is His Victory and Our Resurrection The Lord had to rise from the dead again for no other reason than to bring us back to life. To save all sinners, God Himself had come to us in the image of man. He had accepted all the sins of mankind by being baptized, borne all the condemnation of every sin and died on the Cross in our place, and risen from the dead again to guarantee us our resurrection. God had resurrected His Son. God had made Jesus live on this earth for 33 years in the image of man, bear all the suffering of man, shoulder all the sins of the world, and die in our place. That is how God has saved us. And our Lord then rose from the dead again. The resurrection of the Lord means that He has saved you and me to perfection. Just as the Lord rose from the dead again, so will we the saved saints also rise from the dead again after our physical death. It is to testify to this that the Lord was resurrected. Our Lord has not only saved us from sin, but He has also delivered us from physical death. Jesus Christ, who has saved you and me, bore all our sins, was condemned to death in our place, and rose from the dead again. It’s to give us new life by replacing our death with His own life that Jesus died and rose again. We have come to live again thanks to His sacrificial love. Our Lord did this work, which only God can do. It is physically impossible for anyone to die once and live again. This is something that only God can do: Only God could take upon all our sins, be condemned to death in our place, and rise from the dead again. God did this because He is the Lord of life. That’s why only God can give us life and resurrect us from death. The Lord described the passing of our saints as sleeping. Jesus had many beloved saints and disciples. Among the most cherished saints were Martha, Mary, and Lazarus. But when Jesus was told that Lazarus had fallen seriously ill and was nearing death, He did not go to him. Only when Lazarus was completely dead, stopped breathing, and began to smell and rot, did our Lord say, “My friend is asleep. Let’s go to wake him up.” Someone who is asleep can wake up again. Our Lord did not see the dead as dead, but only as sleeping, because every dead saint will be resurrected when the Lord comes again to this earth. We Will Live Again My fellow believers, when we run out of bodily strength, stop breathing on this earth, and fall asleep, this does not mean that we are dead forever. We will live again. Just as Jesus Christ was resurrected, so will we also be resurrected into a new and spiritual body. We will live again in a body that is neither corruptible nor limited, a body that can enjoy all pleasures of life but none of its displeasures, and an immortal body that lives forever. All the born-again will live again. All those who have not been born again will also be resurrected on the last day. When sinners rise from their graves, they will be resurrected into immortal sinners once again. Sinners cannot be resurrected with the righteous. The Bible speaks of the order of resurrection: “But each one in his own order: Christ the firstfruits, afterward those who are Christ’s at His coming. Then comes the end, when He delivers the kingdom to God the Father, when He puts an end to all rule and all authority and power” (1 Corinthians 15:23-24). Jesus is the only One who has already been resurrected. And we the born-again will be resurrected when the Lord Himself descends from Heaven with a shout, with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of God (1 Thessalonians 4:16). In short, the saints will be resurrected just before the Millennial Kingdom. But the sinners will be resurrected to be punished forever when the Millennial Kingdom is over (Revelation 20:7-15). The Bible says that while God will give eternal life to the righteous who participate in the first resurrection, rewarding them with heavenly blessings, He will make the sinners who participate in the second resurrection suffer by throwing them into the everlasting fire of hell. Our Lord has saved us. He bore all our sins on this earth, was condemned for them, and died on the Cross in our place. And rising from the dead again, He bore witness for 40 days, and He ascended to Heaven before the eyes of many. Our Lord will return to this earth again. With the archangels and the sound of their trumpets, He will descend on this earth again. First Thessalonians chapter four tells us that when Jesus returns, the righteous sleeping in the graves will be resurrected first, the born-again saints still alive will be changed suddenly, and then rapture will happen. Rapture will take place when our Lord lifts up His born-again children. As the last event to unfold at the very end of the world, rapture means that at the moment the Lord returns, this world will end and a new millennium will begin. Those who are not familiar with rapture think that only the living saints will be lifted up while the dead saints in the graves will be left behind. But this is a completely mistaken belief. Whether rapture has taken place or not is something that you should confirm at the grave. You should to go the tomb of a righteous saint and see if his grave is opened or not. If the tomb is closed tight, then any claim of rapture is just a lie. The redeemed who are asleep in the graves are the first to be resurrected and lifted up, and the living are lifted after that. It’s at this time we will see the end of the existing world and the beginning of a new world. It Is the Righteous Who Will Partake in the New World of the Millennial Kingdom When our Lord returns, if some of us have fallen asleep, we will be resurrected first. Those who have been born again through the gospel of the water and the Spirit will also be lifted up at that time in a spiritual body. Like Jesus, the righteous will be able to enjoy all the pleasures of life on this earth and also do supernatural things like passing through the wall. They will receive a body that is unconstrained by the limits of the natural laws, that is, a perfect and flawless body that is in the likeness of God. The body of the righteous will no longer be bodies made of dust, but they will be spiritual bodies like God. In this light, it is a tremendous blessing that we have received the remission of sins. Those who have received the remission of sins will be resurrected to live again and enter Heaven, where there will be neither pain nor destruction. Those who have not received the remission of sins will also be resurrected, but it is not a good resurrection, for they will be brought back to life only to be judged. So we must realize just how great it is that we have received the remission of sins. It’s because we have received the remission of sins that resurrection awaits us to enter Heaven and we can receive new life. None other than the remission of sins is the very beginning of heavenly blessings. It is by receiving the remission of sins that we are made God’s children and His righteous people to live again and enjoy splendor and glory forever. It is on account of this remission of sins that all blessings are bestowed. Therefore, while living on this earth, we must all realize that what is on this earth is not everything there is; and we must remember that we are just travelers staying in this world only for a short while. A traveler stays in a place only for a while regardless of whether it is a good place or not, and he eventually leaves it behind to once again journey to his destination. Those who have received the remission of sins are basically such travelers on their way to Heaven. The resurrection of eternal life is preserved for only those who have received the remission of sins, and only they can attain Heaven. And only these redeemed people have the power and authority to blot out other people’s sins. It is when those who have received the remission of sins speak of the gospel of the water and the Spirit that others can also receive the remission of sins. Our Lord said to the disciples, “If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained” (John 20:23). As the real saints, you and I have the amazing authority and tremendous blessings that the Lord has given us. We must believe that those who sleep after receiving the remission of sins will rise up in the resurrection of eternal life, while all the sinners will rise up in the resurrection of judgment. The resurrection of judgment means that sinners will also be raised from the dead, and as such, it means that life in this world is not everything there is. If there is anyone sitting here who still has not received the remission of sins, then no matter how this person may have prospered and lived a virtuous life on this earth, when our Lord returns, he will be resurrected into an accursed body to suffer forever in the never-ending fire of hell. Because such people have not received the remission of sins, for this one reason alone they will have to suffer and be subjected to all curses and hatred. However, if they receive the remission of sins, then on account of this alone, they will receive all blessings, all love, and all grace. Is there anyone here who takes the resurrection of Jesus too lightly? Perhaps there are some people who are not that thankful for their salvation, who think only carnally to calculate over what they have gained and lost from receiving the remission of sins, and who, if there isn’t much that has improved in carnal terms, think that it makes little difference whether they have received the remission of sins or not. However, it is completely wrong to think this way. The very fact that you have received the remission of sins is such a blessed and wonderful gift. It’s because you have received the remission of sins that you can partake in the good resurrection and attain everlasting life. If anyone has not received the remission of sins, on the other hand, he will surely partake in the accursed resurrection to be judged. Everyone who is not remitted from his sins will be brought back to life in pain only to be judged. Let Us Not Be Faithless People There was a man named Thomas among Jesus’ disciples. Of all the disciples of Jesus, Thomas was the most faithless one. It is a wonder how he became a disciple of Jesus, but still, he is a thousand times better man than Judas who betrayed Jesus. Thomas will be resurrected to live with the Lord forever in glory. Judas will also be resurrected later on, but he will be resurrected only to be cast into the never-ending fire of hell. At the very evening of the day of His resurrection, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in the midst, and said to them, “Peace be with you.” And He showed them His wounded hands, saying to them, “I have risen again for you.” Since He had been crucified with large nails, there must have been clearly visible wounds in His hands even if they were healed. Jesus showed not only His hands, but He also showed the wounds at His side and His feet. Saying to the disciples, “I have risen again. And I’ve come to you. Didn’t I tell you that I would live again? Do not fear, for I have risen again,” Jesus comforted the disciples and strengthened them. Let us read John 20:24-29 together. “Now Thomas, called the Twin, one of the twelve, was not with them when Jesus came. The other disciples therefore said to him, ‘We have seen the Lord.’ So he said to them, ‘Unless I see in His hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and put my hand into His side, I will not believe.’ And after eight days His disciples were again inside, and Thomas with them. Jesus came, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, ‘Peace to you!’ Then He said to Thomas, ‘Reach your finger here, and look at My hands; and reach your hand here, and put it into My side. Do not be unbelieving, but believing.’ And Thomas answered and said to Him, ‘My Lord and my God!’ Jesus said to him, ‘Thomas, because you have seen Me, you have believed. Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.’” How faithless must Thomas have been that Jesus would offer His hands and side for him to put his finger into His wounds? Thomas was so ashamed. So he believed, saying, “I believe. You are My Lord and My God.” Those who have a lot of doubts like Thomas can believe only in this way. However, you must believe just from the Word of God that there indeed is resurrection waiting for you, and that Jesus indeed is the Christ. It’s written in verses 30-31, “And truly Jesus did many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book; but these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name.” This passage admonishes us to believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the Christ. The word Christ means that Jesus is our God, the High Priest who took upon all our sins, our Savior who was condemned to atone for them, and the Prophet who teaches us everything. It’s to tell us this that the Word of God was written. Let Us Have the Faith of Resurrection Today, on this Easter Day, we are commemorating the resurrection of Jesus. You and I, the redeemed people, must believe that we will also be resurrected. Regardless of how you may pass away, when your time comes, you will only fall asleep. We must have the belief that you and I will live again through the Lord. We must have the unwavering faith that you and I, as those born again of water and the Spirit, will sleep only for a while and then wake up from this sleep to live forever. We believe with all our hearts that we will indeed be resurrected, and it is by this faith that we can spread the way of everlasting life and resurrection. We have been blessed so tremendously. We have received so many blessings that it would take all day long to list them all and it would still not be enough. All that we have received is the remission of sins alone, but on account of this, we will also be resurrected. So what a great blessing is this? Even though we have received just the remission of sins, we have not only become saints, but we will also be resurrected to put on a spiritual body. It is indeed a marvelous blessing that we will put on a spiritual body like God, live with Him, share fellowship with Him, be resurrected into a body that can feel everything God feels, and see Him face to face. Some of us may have thought that all that we’ve received is just the remission of sins, but now we’ve come to know that such wonderful blessings are waiting for us. When you first received the remission of sins, you probably didn’t know that such great blessings would wait you. But I believe that your ailing body will be resurrected into a body that will never fall ill again. Faith is the substance of things hoped for, and God fulfills His every promise without fail. I admonish you to believe that God will indeed bless us His believers. I admonish you all to be a believer, not a faithless person. So let us all live the rest of our lives by placing our faith in God. Our Lord will return to this earth soon. If we fall asleep before the Lord’s return, He will wake us up when He is here. While we are thus resurrected to live in the Millennial Kingdom, those who have not received the remission of sins will be excluded from this Kingdom. Only after we enjoy all God’s blessings for a thousand years will these sinners finally be resurrected to be judged. Even though we may suffer on this earth for the sake of the Lord, He will reward us for all such sufferings for a thousand years. After we are thus rewarded for a thousand years, the everlasting Kingdom of Heaven will descend on us while the judgment of hell will be rendered on sinners. That’s why the Lord will resurrect the sinners a thousand years after we are resurrected. When we enter the everlasting Kingdom of Heaven, the sinners will pound on their chests and wail on their way to hell. I believe that just as the Lord rose from the dead again, we will also be resurrected. I give all my thanks to God for giving us new and everlasting life. This sermon is also available in ebook format. Click on the book cover below.

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The HIV and Hepatitis C Community Action Fund and the Harm Reduction Fund: Frequently asked questions On this page - Application process - Eligible costs and activities - Knowledge broker - Review process - Evaluation and performance measurement - Creating safe and non-stigmatizing environments - Impact of COVID-19 - Contact us How much funding can I apply for? CAF: Organizations can apply for funding for a minimum of three (3) to a maximum of five (5) years. There is no minimum or maximum funding amount for organizations applying to the CAF. HRF: Organizations can apply for funding for a minimum of three (3) to a maximum of five (5) years, depending on the scope of the project. Front-line projects will be eligible to receive a maximum of $250,000 annually for up to 3 years. This represents double the funding previously allowable under the HRF. Projects that are regional or national in scope and seek to address broader systemic issues are eligible for up to 5 years of funding and can apply for more funding with a strong rationale. Can organizations receive funding from multiple federal funding programs? Organizations can receive funding from multiple federal funding programs. However, PHAC cannot fund activities for which you are already receiving funding from another source. It is the responsibility of applicants to inform PHAC if they receive such funding from other sources. How do I apply for funding? The HIV and Hepatitis C Community Action Fund (CAF) and Harm Reduction Fund (HRF) solicitations are now closed. PHAC is no longer accepting Letter of Intent (LOI) submissions. The following is for information purposes only. The deadline to submit a LOI was January 29, 2021 at 3pm EST. Applicants were notified of the LOI results via email on July 12th 2021. Applicants whose LOI was successful during the first stage, were invited to submit a full proposal. Approved projects will begin April 1, 2022. What is the deadline for submitting a Letter of Intent (LOI)? The deadline to submit an LOI was January 29, 2021 at 3pm EST. How does the HRF differ from the CAF? HRF is complementary to CAF, with the following key differences: - The HRF focuses on working with and supporting people who share drug use equipment (inhalation and injection equipment) - Capital costs may be eligible as a component of an HRF project, but not of a CAF project - Projects under the HRF are eligible to receive a maximum of $250,000 annually, while there is no maximum funding cap for CAF Can an organization apply for both the CAF and the HRF? Yes, as long as each project is distinct and stand-alone. The ability to carry out one project should not depend on another project being funded. If you are applying to both the CAF and the HRF, you must submit separate proposals for each project. We will not accept joint applications to both funds. Is there a maximum number of proposals a single organization can submit under each fund? No. An organization can submit more than one application. However, multiple applications will not increase your chances of receiving funding, as each proposal will be assessed on its own merit. We encourage you to focus on submitting high quality evidence-based proposals, rather than a high number of proposals. How and when do you determine if a project will be funded through a grant or a contribution agreement? This will be determined during the second phase of the solicitation process, once PHAC has received all of your required documentation. The decision will take into account a number of factors such as: - the nature of the project - the time frame required to complete it, and - the capacity and previous experience of the applicant. How do I demonstrate a need in my LOI? What is considered evidence-based? You should demonstrate a good understanding of the problem your project is seeking to address and the anticipated effectiveness of the proposed activities or intervention. For example, you can demonstrate your understanding of the situation by presenting evidence that supports the reason why your proposal meets the critical needs of the community, including: - the rate of infections in the geographic area - relevant factors of transmission - specific trends or challenges you seek to address, and - evidence of effectiveness of the proposed approach. The evidence should directly relate to the population or audience you intend to work with. We recognize the limitations related to data availability for some populations and encourage you to consider both quantitative and qualitative sources of evidence. You should clearly establish the link between your evidence and your proposed project. Use evidence that is specific to the key population you intend to reach and to the local context, such as: - population-based surveys and surveillance - jurisdiction-specific sources of data (such as reports focussed on specific key populations or with data disaggregated by population) - research findings - project evaluations How will PHAC support smaller organizations applying for funding? In addition to taking steps to simplify and streamline the application process, PHAC will be holding Question and Answer sessions following the launch of the solicitations to answer questions about the LOI process. Sessions will be available shortly following the launch of the solicitations, and again nearing the deadline for submission, to provide organizations the opportunity to ask questions relevant to their specific context. Eligible Expenses and Activities What types of activities are eligible for funding under the CAF and the HRF? The CAF and the HRF support time-limited projects whose activities align with the federal role in public health, recognizing that the provision of public health and health care services fall under provincial and territorial jurisdiction. The CAF and HRF do not provide funding to sustain the regular and ongoing operations of organizations. For a full list of eligible activities, please visit: Will PHAC fund direct health and support services for people living with HIV or hepatitis C? The CAF and the HRF can support activities that facilitate access to services through peer-navigation. However, neither program can fund direct service delivery to individuals, as this falls within the jurisdiction of provinces and territories, such as health and social services (for example, STBBI testing, psychological counselling, substance use treatment). Will PHAC support awareness activities through the CAF and HRF? To be effective, initiatives must educate and promote behaviour change among target audiences. As such, the CAF and the HRF will support awareness campaigns that target a specific audience with activities designed to influence a specific behavior change over time. Can projects take a broad focus to STBBI or focus on STI outbreaks? Yes. STBBI share common risk factors, behaviours for transmission, and transmission routes. For example, in the case of certain sexually transmitted infections (STI) outbreaks, understanding the factors fueling the outbreak and the population affected may result in projects that take an integrated approach and reduce the risk for future similar outbreaks. An integrated approach to prevention and control is often most effective. However, we recognize that infection-specific approaches are still appropriate in certain circumstances or communities. Can organizations use current funding to support proposal writing? No. While we appreciate the effort required to develop a funding application, project funding cannot be used for this purpose. Will PHAC support travel and face-to-face gatherings? Yes. The impact of COVID-19 on projects starting in 2022 is still unknown; however, in-person activities and travel expenditures are eligible. While virtual activities are encouraged, we will consider funding in-person activities and travel that are planned to take place later in the project (when COVID-19 impacts may have decreased) or where virtual delivery is not possible due to: - the nature of the activities - the intended population - the cultural norms or practices of the intended population - the realities in some northern, rural and remote communities Will PHAC support projects that address social determinants of health? STBBI do not affect all people equally. Vulnerability to, and resilience against STBBI are both directly and indirectly influenced by the social determinants of health. PHAC would support projects that address social determinants of health if the applicant clearly demonstrates the direct links of their intervention to the prevention and control of STBBI. For example, a project may seek to improve linkages to programs or services that address syndemic health concerns (for example, mental health) or social determinants of health (for example, housing) that influence vulnerability to and resilience against STBBI among key populations. What will determine if a currently funded project is eligible to be scaled-up? We are committed to bringing high impact projects to scale so that more people benefit from them. Scaling up high impact projects could include: - continuing to fund projects that can clearly demonstrate the impact that their activities have had to-date on their key population(s) and/or target audience(s), - funding projects to expand the reach or scope of their existing programming, or - replicating or adapting successful programming to other parts of the country. If you are applying for funding to continue your existing CAF or HRF project, or are looking to scale it up, we will expect you to demonstrate the impact of your current activities. This includes results achieved by your project, key lessons, as well as strengths and areas needing improvement. Can I use CAF and HRF funding to respond to the opioid crisis? While opioid-related overdose deaths remain a considerable public health crisis, costs related to opioid substitution therapy, drug testing and the purchase of naloxone are not eligible under the CAF or the HRF. To be considered for funding under these funds, projects targeting people who use drugs must address the prevention and control of STBBI. You can however outline how your key population may be affected by the opioid crisis and demonstrate how your project would address the intersection between these two public health issues. For example, an HRF or CAF outreach worker may distribute Naloxone or condoms as part of other activities, as long as the cost associated to the purchase of these supplies is covered by other sources of funding. Will employee benefits continue to be a part of the funding envelope? Yes, benefits of up to 20% of the annual salary for both full-time and part-time employees are eligible. Salaries and benefits must be directly related to the delivery of the project. What is the role of the National STBBI Knowledge Broker? The National Knowledge Broker plays an important role in preventing and controlling STBBI by maximizing the reach and impact of STBBI resources and activities. It gathers and synthesizes relevant information, links knowledge producers such as researchers with end users like community-based organizations, and facilitates capacity building through knowledge exchange among target audiences. CATIE has played this role since being selected through an open solicitation. Can organizations apply for population-specific knowledge broker activities? Yes. We recognize that other organizations are well placed to engage in population-specific knowledge brokering activities to support front-line interventions. LOIs from other organizations to lead such activities will be eligible under the CAF and HRF open solicitations. Who is responsible for reviewing the LOIs and who makes the final decision? LOIs will first be screened by PHAC officials for completeness and to confirm the applicant meets the basic eligibility criteria. Complete and eligible LOIs will then be reviewed and assessed by provincial and territorial officials where appropriate, and then by review committees. These committees will include: - Individuals from key populations - people living with HIV or with lived or living experience of hepatitis C - individuals working in the STBBI community-based sector - researchers with a range of expertise in STBBI and harm reduction - PHAC officials Reviewers will assess LOIs based on criteria outlined within the LOI, and recommend projects to PHAC to be considered for the second stage of the solicitation. Final funding approvals rest with PHAC. Can I appeal the decision if my proposal is not recommended? Funding decisions are final however, applicants can inquire to PHAC for feedback on their proposal to help them better prepare for future solicitations. How will external reviewers be selected? PHAC has shared a call for reviewer applications broadly with existing stakeholder networks, and has encouraged stakeholders to share it with people who: - live with HIV - have lived and living experience of hepatitis C - are from key populations - are researchers working in the area of STBBI / harm reduction - are front line workers in the area of STBBI / harm reduction - have experience with knowledge mobilization or brokering Reviewers will be selected to ensure representation and balance on the basis of region, gender, age, population, expertise and experience. Reviewers must disclose any potential conflicts so they can recuse themselves if necessary. What is the role of provincial and territorial governments in the CAF and HRF proposal review process? Provincial and territorial officials will have the opportunity to review proposals from their respective jurisdictions and provide information on alignment with their STBBI public health priorities. This review will be shared with the review committees. Are funding decisions based on funding history? No. Funding history has no impact on funding decisions. Evaluation and performance measurement Why are applicants encouraged to budget for evaluation costs? Evaluation and performance measurement are critical to your ability to assess the success of your project and to report on its impact. This is consistent with the Government of Canada's Policy on Results. Funded projects must report on performance annually. Projects of a value equal or greater than $125,000 annually must submit a project evaluation. Of those, projects approved for a duration of 3 years, must submit a final evaluation. Projects approved for a duration of 4 or 5 years must submit a mid-term evaluation, as well as a final evaluation. According to PHAC policy, funding recipient staff should not evaluate their own projects. This is a conflict of interest. Evaluations should be undertaken by someone independent of the recipient. Organizations are strongly encouraged to dedicate up to 10% of their overall project budget to project evaluation. We recommend that you consider hiring an accredited evaluator or partnering with a researcher to support your project's evaluation activities. When will evaluation plans be approved? You will be asked to submit your evaluation plan (if applicable based on funding amount), your detailed budget and work plan during the full proposal phase. Evaluation plans must be approved by PHAC before the funding agreement can be signed. We will give you the necessary time to develop your evaluation plan during this phase of the solicitation. Will PHAC provide clear guidance to applicants about performance measurement and evaluation expectations? Yes. PHAC will provide clear and consistent reporting requirements and timelines for both evaluation and performance measurement, including key program performance indicators that projects will need to report on annually. Did community organizations and people with lived experience have the opportunity to provide input into the solicitation process? Yes. Between June and September 2020, PHAC held a series of virtual engagement sessions and Indigenous sharing circles to inform the CAF and the HRF solicitation processes. Approximately 300 people took part and provided valuable comments and personal perspectives, including: - people with lived experience - First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples - African, Caribbean Black and other racialized communities - representatives from community-based organizations How will PHAC ensure people with lived experience are meaningfully engaged in funded projects? Applicants are expected to demonstrate how people from key populations (including people living with HIV or with lived or living experience of hepatitis C) will be meaningfully engaged, consulted and employed. Applicants are expected to outline the role these individuals will play in the development, delivery and evaluation of the project. Specific criteria have been included to assess this factor in the LOIs. How do CAF and HRF recognize intersectionality across key populations? You should identify the key population(s) that will be the focus of your project and tailor your proposed activities taking into consideration the culture, values and practices of the specific population(s). An individual's identity consists of multiple, intersecting factors such as race, ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, immigration status, and sexual orientation. Therefore, you are also encouraged to consider intersecting identities for the identified key population(s), allowing for more tailored approaches and greater impact. Creating safe and non-stigmatizing environments How will PHAC ensure organizations selected for funding do not perpetuate stigma and discrimination in all of its forms? We recognize the persistence of: - stigma and discrimination We also recognize the profound impact of these barriers on health and wellbeing as well as access to health care and social services. LOIs that use stigmatizing and/or discriminatory language could be significantly disadvantaged or be rejected by the review committee. The review committee will give preference to LOIs that demonstrate that policies and mechanisms are in place to address these issues at the individual, organizational and system-level, and implement evidence-based strategies to address them. You will be expected to demonstrate in your application how your proposed activities will contribute to addressing the unique stigma and discrimination barriers faced by your key population(s). Impact of COVID-19 How are the CAF and HRF solicitations being responsive to the health disparities heightened through the COVID-19 pandemic? We recognize that COVID-19 has stretched health and human resource capacities and reduced access to essential STBBI-related services, including testing, prevention and harm reduction, treatment and care. Despite this, the pandemic presents opportunities to address longstanding systemic barriers to essential STBBI services for key populations, and to expand the promotion of: - innovative testing approaches - virtual modes of program delivery - combined services that minimize the use of overburdened health and social services and reduce the risk of exposures While we recognize that future adjustments may be required to reflect the evolving context of the pandemic, you should consider the impact of COVID-19 as you design your projects. You are encouraged to consider the impact of COVID-19 on the health inequities experienced by your key population(s) and propose flexible and innovative approaches to implement your activities. If you have additional questions that are not addressed here, please contact us at [email protected]. - Date modified:

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Transform Your Body with These Nutrition Secrets Discover the key nutrition secrets that can help you transform your body and improve your overall health and well-being. Are you tired of feeling sluggish and unhappy with your body? It’s time to unlock the power of nutrition and take control of your health. By understanding the key nutrition secrets, you can transform your body and achieve the results you’ve always dreamed of. First and foremost, let’s talk about macronutrients. These are the three main nutrients that our bodies need in large quantities: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates provide us with energy, proteins help in muscle repair and growth, and fats are essential for hormone production and brain function. By balancing these macronutrients in your diet, you can fuel your body for optimal performance and transformation. But it’s not just about macronutrients – micronutrients are equally important. These include vitamins and minerals that support various bodily functions. They act as catalysts for energy production, immune system function, and overall well-being. By incorporating nutrient-dense superfoods into your diet, you can provide your body with a wide range of micronutrients that promote health and vitality. Hydration is another crucial aspect of body transformation. Staying hydrated not only quenches your thirst but also supports digestion, nutrient absorption, and toxin elimination. Make sure to drink enough water throughout the day to keep your body functioning optimally. Supplements can also play a role in your body transformation journey. They can provide additional support to your nutrition plan, filling in any gaps and ensuring you get all the necessary nutrients. However, it’s important to choose high-quality supplements that are backed by scientific research and consult with a healthcare professional before adding them to your routine. Lastly, creating a well-balanced meal plan is key to achieving your body transformation goals. This means including a variety of foods from all food groups, focusing on whole, unprocessed options. By planning your meals ahead of time, you can ensure that you’re getting all the necessary nutrients and avoid mindless snacking or unhealthy food choices. In conclusion, nutrition is the key to transforming your body and improving your overall health and well-being. By understanding the importance of macronutrients, micronutrients, hydration, supplements, and balanced meal planning, you can take control of your body and achieve the results you desire. So why wait? Start incorporating these nutrition secrets into your lifestyle and unlock the power of transformation. Learn about the three main macronutrients – carbohydrates, proteins, and fats – and how they play a crucial role in your body’s transformation. Macronutrients are the essential nutrients that our bodies need in large quantities to function properly. They are the building blocks of our diet and play a crucial role in our body’s transformation. The three main macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates are the body’s primary source of energy. They provide fuel for our muscles and brain, helping us perform daily activities and exercise. Good sources of carbohydrates include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Proteins are the building blocks of our muscles, tissues, and cells. They are responsible for repairing and building new tissues, as well as supporting our immune system. Good sources of protein include lean meats, fish, eggs, dairy products, and legumes. Fats are essential for our body’s overall health and well-being. They provide energy, help absorb vitamins, and support brain function. It’s important to choose healthy fats such as avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil. Understanding the role of macronutrients in our body’s transformation is crucial for achieving our health and fitness goals. By incorporating a balanced combination of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into our diet, we can fuel our body, support muscle growth, and optimize our overall well-being. The Power of Micronutrients The Power of Micronutrients When it comes to transforming your body and achieving optimal health, it’s not just about the macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, play a crucial role in supporting your body’s functions and overall well-being. These tiny powerhouses are essential for various bodily processes, including metabolism, immune function, and cell growth. They act as cofactors for enzymes, allowing them to carry out their functions effectively. Without an adequate supply of micronutrients, your body may not be able to perform at its best. So, what are some of these important micronutrients? Let’s take a closer look: - Vitamins: From vitamin A to vitamin K, these organic compounds are essential for maintaining healthy skin, boosting immunity, and supporting vision, among other functions. - Minerals: Calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium are just a few examples of minerals that are vital for bone health, oxygen transport, immune function, and muscle contraction. By ensuring you have a well-rounded diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, you can ensure you’re getting an array of micronutrients. Additionally, some foods are particularly rich in specific micronutrients, such as oranges for vitamin C or spinach for iron. Remember, achieving optimal health and transforming your body is not just about the big picture. Paying attention to the power of micronutrients can make a significant difference in your overall well-being. Superfoods for Super Results Are you looking to supercharge your body’s transformation? Look no further than nutrient-dense superfoods! These powerhouse foods are packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that can fuel your body’s journey towards optimal health and well-being. So, what exactly are superfoods? They are natural, whole foods that are nutrient-rich and offer numerous health benefits. Incorporating these superfoods into your diet can provide the necessary fuel to support your body’s transformation and help you achieve your fitness goals. Here is a list of some superfoods that you should consider adding to your diet: - Blueberries: Bursting with antioxidants, blueberries can help fight inflammation and support brain health. - Spinach: Packed with iron, calcium, and vitamins A and C, spinach is a nutritional powerhouse that supports bone health and boosts the immune system. - Quinoa: A complete protein source, quinoa is rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making it an excellent choice for muscle recovery and sustained energy. - Salmon: Loaded with omega-3 fatty acids, salmon promotes heart health and aids in reducing inflammation. - Kale: This leafy green is packed with vitamins K, A, and C, as well as fiber and antioxidants, making it a great addition to any diet. These superfoods are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to fueling your body’s transformation. Incorporating a variety of nutrient-dense foods into your diet can provide the building blocks necessary for a healthier, stronger you. The Role of Hydration The Role of Hydration Staying hydrated is not only crucial for quenching your thirst but also plays a significant role in your body’s transformation and overall health and fitness goals. Adequate hydration is essential for numerous bodily functions and can have a profound impact on your well-being. When you engage in physical activities or workouts, your body loses water through sweat. This loss of fluid can lead to dehydration, which can hinder your performance and impede your body’s ability to transform. By staying hydrated, you can optimize your workouts and enhance your body’s ability to burn fat, build muscle, and achieve your desired physique. Hydration also plays a vital role in supporting your overall health. It helps regulate body temperature, lubricates joints, aids digestion, and promotes healthy skin. Additionally, proper hydration can boost your metabolism, improve nutrient absorption, and enhance the detoxification process in your body. To ensure you stay properly hydrated, it is recommended to drink an adequate amount of water throughout the day. The exact amount varies depending on factors such as your activity level, climate, and individual needs. A general guideline is to aim for at least eight glasses of water per day, but you may need more if you engage in intense physical activities or live in a hot climate. Remember, staying hydrated is not just about drinking water but also consuming hydrating foods and beverages. Fruits and vegetables with high water content, such as watermelon, cucumbers, and oranges, can contribute to your overall hydration levels. In conclusion, maintaining proper hydration is vital for your body’s transformation and overall health and fitness goals. By staying hydrated, you can optimize your workouts, support your body’s functions, and achieve the best results on your transformation journey. Unlocking the Benefits of Supplements Supplements are a valuable addition to your nutrition plan when it comes to achieving your body transformation goals. They can provide the extra boost your body needs to optimize its performance and support your overall health. Supplements come in various forms, including vitamins, minerals, protein powders, and herbal extracts. These products are designed to fill any nutritional gaps in your diet and enhance your body’s ability to build muscle, burn fat, and recover from intense workouts. When selecting supplements, it’s important to choose high-quality products from reputable brands. Look for supplements that are backed by scientific research and have undergone rigorous testing to ensure their safety and effectiveness. Additionally, consult with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian to determine which supplements are suitable for your specific needs and goals. Remember, supplements are not a substitute for a balanced diet. They should be used in conjunction with a nutritious eating plan to maximize their benefits. Supplements can provide that extra edge, but they cannot replace the importance of consuming a variety of whole foods that offer essential nutrients. Incorporating supplements into your nutrition plan can help you achieve your body transformation goals more effectively. However, it’s crucial to remember that consistency and a well-rounded approach to nutrition are key. Embrace a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, adequate sleep, stress management, and a balanced diet to truly unlock the benefits of supplements and transform your body. Creating a Balanced Meal Plan Creating a well-balanced meal plan is essential for supporting your body’s transformation and achieving your health and fitness goals. By ensuring that your meals include all the necessary nutrients, you can fuel your body properly and optimize its performance. Here are some practical tips to help you create a balanced meal plan: - Include a variety of fruits and vegetables to ensure you get a wide range of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. - Incorporate lean sources of protein such as chicken, fish, tofu, or legumes to support muscle growth and repair. - Choose whole grains like quinoa, brown rice, and whole wheat bread to provide sustained energy and fiber. - Include healthy fats from sources like avocados, nuts, and olive oil to support brain function and hormone production. - Don’t forget about hydration! Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated and support your body’s functions. It’s also important to listen to your body and adjust your meal plan based on your individual needs and preferences. Consider working with a registered dietitian or nutritionist who can provide personalized guidance and support. Remember, creating a balanced meal plan is not about restriction or deprivation. It’s about nourishing your body with the right nutrients to support its transformation and overall well-being. With a well-balanced meal plan, you can fuel your body effectively and optimize your health and fitness journey. Optimizing Your Nutrient Timing Optimizing Your Nutrient Timing When it comes to transforming your body and achieving maximum results, nutrient timing plays a crucial role. Understanding how to strategically fuel your body before, during, and after workouts can make a significant difference in your overall performance and progress. Before a workout, it’s important to provide your body with the right nutrients to enhance performance and increase energy levels. Carbohydrates are a great source of fuel, as they provide the necessary energy for intense exercise. Incorporating foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables into your pre-workout meal can give you the energy boost you need to push through your training session. During your workout, it’s essential to stay hydrated and maintain your energy levels. Drinking water or sports drinks can help replenish electrolytes and prevent dehydration. Additionally, consuming easily digestible carbohydrates, such as energy gels or sports drinks, can provide a quick source of fuel to keep you going strong. After your workout, your body needs to recover and repair. Consuming a combination of protein and carbohydrates within the first hour after exercise can promote optimal muscle growth and replenish glycogen stores. Lean sources of protein, such as chicken, fish, or tofu, paired with complex carbohydrates like sweet potatoes or quinoa, can help support your body’s recovery process. By understanding the importance of nutrient timing and strategically fueling your body before, during, and after workouts, you can optimize your performance, enhance your results, and achieve your body transformation goals more effectively. Pre-Workout Nutrition Essentials When it comes to optimizing your workout performance and maximizing your results, paying attention to your pre-workout nutrition is essential. By fueling your body with the right nutrients and foods before hitting the gym, you can enhance your performance, increase your energy levels, and support muscle growth. So, what are the key nutrients and foods you should consume before your workout? Let’s take a closer look: - Carbohydrates: Consuming carbohydrates before your workout provides your body with the necessary fuel to power through your training session. Opt for complex carbohydrates like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, as they provide a steady release of energy. - Protein: Including protein in your pre-workout meal or snack is crucial for muscle repair and growth. Choose lean sources of protein such as chicken, fish, tofu, or Greek yogurt. - Healthy Fats: While fats may not be the primary focus of your pre-workout meal, including a small amount can help provide sustained energy. Nuts, seeds, and avocados are excellent sources of healthy fats. - Hydration: Don’t forget to hydrate before your workout! Proper hydration helps maintain optimal performance and prevents dehydration. Drink water or a sports drink that contains electrolytes. By incorporating these pre-workout nutrition essentials into your routine, you’ll be giving your body the fuel it needs to perform at its best and achieve your fitness goals. Post-Workout Recovery Foods After an intense workout, it’s crucial to provide your body with the right nutrients to aid in muscle recovery, replenish glycogen stores, and promote optimal muscle growth and repair. Here are some of the best post-workout foods that can help you achieve these goals: - Protein-rich foods: Consuming protein after a workout is essential for muscle repair and growth. Opt for lean sources of protein such as chicken, turkey, fish, tofu, or Greek yogurt. - Complex carbohydrates: Replenishing glycogen stores is important to restore energy levels. Include complex carbohydrates like whole grains, sweet potatoes, quinoa, or brown rice in your post-workout meal. - Healthy fats: Don’t shy away from incorporating healthy fats into your post-workout meal. Avocado, nuts, seeds, and olive oil can provide essential nutrients and support muscle recovery. - Fruits and vegetables: These nutrient-dense foods are packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that can aid in recovery and reduce inflammation. Include a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables in your post-workout meal. Remember to hydrate properly after your workout as well. Water, coconut water, or a sports drink can help replenish fluids lost during exercise. Additionally, consider incorporating a post-workout protein shake or supplement to ensure you’re meeting your protein needs. By fueling your body with the right post-workout foods, you can optimize your recovery, support muscle growth, and enhance your overall fitness progress. Make sure to listen to your body’s needs and adjust your post-workout meals accordingly. Frequently Asked Questions - What are macronutrients? Macronutrients are the three main types of nutrients that our bodies need in large quantities: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. They play a crucial role in providing energy, building and repairing tissues, and supporting various bodily functions. - Why are micronutrients important? Micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, are essential for our overall health and well-being. They support various bodily functions, including immune system function, energy production, and cell growth and repair. - What are superfoods? Superfoods are nutrient-dense foods that are particularly rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They provide a wide range of health benefits, including boosting the immune system, reducing inflammation, and supporting optimal body function. - How does hydration affect body transformation? Staying hydrated is crucial for body transformation as it supports proper digestion, nutrient absorption, and metabolism. It also helps regulate body temperature and lubricate joints, ensuring optimal performance during workouts. - Can supplements help with body transformation? Supplements can complement a nutrition plan by providing additional nutrients that may be lacking in your diet. They can support muscle recovery, enhance performance, and help achieve specific body transformation goals. - How can I create a balanced meal plan? To create a balanced meal plan, include a variety of foods from different food groups, such as lean proteins, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. Aim for portion control and consider your individual nutritional needs and goals. - Why is nutrient timing important? Nutrient timing refers to strategically fueling your body with nutrients before, during, and after workouts. This helps optimize performance, enhance muscle recovery, and support muscle growth and repair. - What should I eat before a workout? Before a workout, focus on consuming a combination of carbohydrates and proteins. This provides energy and supports muscle repair and growth. Examples include a banana with peanut butter or a protein shake with oats. - What are the best post-workout recovery foods? Post-workout, prioritize foods that replenish glycogen stores and provide protein for muscle repair. Good options include a protein shake with berries, Greek yogurt with nuts, or a chicken and vegetable stir-fry.

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How great thou art: 50 years of Afro-Caribbean funerals – in pictures Charlie Phillips, in The Guardian (July 25, 2014) The spirituals sung, the Scotch bonnet berets worn, and the rum drunk at the graveside … Charlie Phillips’s photographs chart the rituals and the changes in African-Caribbean funerals in London since the Windrush generation, to preserve a part of British culture he feels has been overlooked. Here Phillips recalls the stories behind some of his most striking images Any large city will always have a migrant population that dies and then fuses its own funeral traditions with the status quo. These photos by Charlie Phillips of funerals in London’s Afro-Caribbean community are stunning. The io9 blog and news site (motto: We Come from the Future) is a reliable and entertaining source for science fiction, fantasy, technology, and scientific research information. Every once in a while, a death related question or story pops up. A lot of the articles focus on radical life extension, which is to be expected. The most recent death listing was different enough that I decided to feature it today on Death Ref. Charlie Jane Anders asks a straight-forward but really intriguing question: Which Science Fiction or Fantasy book do you want read at your funeral? I’ll add in Memorial Service in case you don’t have a standard funeral. Since my early teen years, the introduction to The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams was something I wanted read at my funeral. In case you’re wondering, I really did think about these kinds of questions when I 13. I was a walking Judy Blume character. After thinking more about different options, I came back to a perennial death soliloquy favourite. The problem, however, is that it’s in a film. I’m cheating. I admit it. I watched the Selfies at Funerals Tumblr link roll across the internet this week and after seeing the images I immediately knew what was going to happen. People would complain about how the kids today were so self-absorbed that civilisation was near its collapse and how today’s youth don’t have any respect. I also knew that after this immediate condemnation, another group of voices would rise up to support the forsaken youth. And this, Death Ref faithful, is exactly what happened. But then, as should always be expected, another group of people took a more nuanced stand per the Selfies. My good friend Caitlin Doughty at the Order of the Good Death wrote a strong defense of the kids on Jezebel and I mostly agree with her thoughts on the images. Where I disagree with Cailin is in arguing that these images represent a broader social disengagement with the reality of death. If anything, these photos show young people engaging with death, and doing so with a specific language that they’ve developed. We humans invented all of our human death rituals. As a result, this means that all death rituals are constantly being changed, altered, and turned into hybrids. There is nothing innate about any ritual (given its human construction) so I think that it’s important to say that I would be more surprised if young people weren’t taking Selfies at funerals. This is the world they know but that doesn’t mean that today’s youth somehow lack any education about death. Ironically enough, the Selfies at Funerals Tumblr page probably caused thousands more people to discuss actual death and funerals this week because of its supposedly disrespectful tone. Maybe, just maybe, the kids beat the adults at their own ‘We NEED to talk about death game.’ Katy Waldman at Slate took a wise step and waited a few days before writing anything. She presents a good critique of responses to the images but also brings everything back to the kids using the photographs as forms of grieving. I agree with this point and I kept waiting for someone to roll out a broader discussion about the relationship between photography and death. Photography has a long standing relationship with funerals, especially in America. The camera phone is only the most recent example of a technology we humans use to capture images at funerals. Another way of looking at these photos is this– what else would anyone in the First World expect teenagers to do with their camera phones at funerals? Megan Garberoct at The Atlantic wrote an uncannily timed article on 19th century postmortem photography and the ability of Victorian era photographers to capture ‘Sprit’ images with their cameras. But more than the photos themselves, it seems that the people criticising the kids just don’t like the technology involved, i.e., the camera phone that produced the self-taken image. Here, then, is the key lesson for everyone loving to hate and hating to love the Selfies at Funerals: We humans remain deeply conflicted when mixing all forms of technology with death. The great science fiction writer Douglas Adams (who died far too young) made the following observation about humans and technology in The Salmon of Doubt: I’ve come up with a set of rules that describe our reactions to technologies: 1. Anything that is in the world when you’re born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of the way the world works. 2. Anything that’s invented between when you’re fifteen and thirty-five is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. 3. Anything invented after you’re thirty-five is against the natural order of things. Given that my own research in the University of Bath’s Centre for Death and Society examines how technology and death intermingle all the time, I want to let everyone know that Selfies at Funerals represent only the beginning of a much longer future. We should already be asking ourselves what happens when a person wearing a computing machine, such as Google Glass, captures images and video at a funeral. Is a line being crossed there and why? How? I ask these questions, because it is going to happen and happen soon. Just remember, and not so long ago, the idea of using the internet for anything to do with death seemed inappropriate. So did playing pre-recorded music on a CD (especially loud rock and roll music), having mourners draw or paint on a coffin, or even choosing to be to cremated. What we humans forget is that death’s persistence means that we will persistently invent new kinds of death rituals. No ritual lives forever. Will Coldwell’s Guardian article on Dark Tourism highlights how easily the very idea of established and appropriate ‘death rituals’ can be changed. Earlier this year, Charlie Brooker’s Black Mirror television series ran an episode called Be Right Back that effectively dramatised how the not-to-distant future might offer new kinds of technology for human grieving. Here is the show’s description: Martha and Ash are a young couple who move to a remote cottage. The day after the move, Ash is killed, returning the hire van. At the funeral, Martha’s friend Sarah tells her about a new service that lets people stay in touch with the deceased. By using all his past online communications and social media profiles, a new ‘Ash’ can be created. Martha is disgusted by the concept but then in a confused and lonely state she decides to talk to ‘him’… Trust me when I say that if the technology imagined in Black Mirror suddenly appeared, the Selfies at Funerals shock and outrage would quickly wash away into the sea of human memory. So where does this week take us? It’s hard to say, because I have a feeling most people have already forgotten about the Selfies at Funerals and moved on to other more pressing issues. But I do think that it is now time to officially launch a new Death Reference Desk rule about death and technology. To wit: The Death Ref Technology Law: Any use of new technology that involves death, dying, and/or the dead body will be simultaneously rejected as a breakdown in human civility as well as embraced as an innovative turn for human grieving. Or, as my friend Max summed up the situation on Facebook: I was disgusted by this until I remembered I took a selfie at the last funeral I went to. Now I’m okay with it. Future Death. Future Dead Bodies. Future Cemeteries Illustrated lecture by Dr. John Troyer, Centre for Death and Society at the University of Bath 20th June 2013 Doors at 6:30 / Talk begins at 7:00 pm Ticket price £7 The Last Tuesday Society at 11 Mare Street, London, E8 4RP This coming Thursday, June 20, 2013 I’m giving a public talk for the Morbid Anatomy Library and the Last Tuesday Society in London. The Morbid Anatomy Library talks are normally located in the lovely Gowanus Canal area of Brooklyn (don’t pay any attention its Superfund site classification) but its Librarian-in-Chief Joanna Ebenstein is currently in London to organise this lecture series. Joanna has been a good friend to the Death Reference Desk and one of our earliest supporters. Indeed, the very first Morbid Anatomy talk that I ever gave (in Brooklyn) was in July 2009. That was the same month and year that Death Ref launched. It’s been an adventurous four years. So come to this talk on Thursday if you can or, even better, go to one of the many other fantastic talks curated by Joanna at the Last Tuesday Society. You will not be disappointed. Future Death. Future Dead Bodies. Future Cemeteries Illustrated lecture by Dr. John Troyer, Deputy Director of the Centre for Death and Society at the University of Bath 20th June 2013 Doors at 6:30 / Talk begins at 7:00 pm Ticket price £7 Approximately 1500 people die every day across the United Kingdom, roughly one person a minute. And unless you are a person who works in a profession connected to the dying, chances are good you rarely (if ever) see any of these 1500 dead bodies. More importantly– do you and your next of kin know what you want done with your dead body when you die? In the future, of course, since it’s easier to think that way. Dr. John Troyer, from the Centre for Death & Society, University of Bath, will discuss three kinds of postmortem futures: Future Death, Future Dead Bodies, and Future Cemeteries. Central to these Futures is the human corpse and its use in new forms of body disposal technology, digital technology platforms, and definitions of death. Dr John Troyer Dr. John Troyer is the Deputy Director of the Centre for Death and Society at the University of Bath. His interdisciplinary research focuses on contemporary memorialisation practices, concepts of spatial historiography, and the dead body?s relationship with technology. Dr. Troyer is also a theatre director and installation artist with extensive experience in site-specific performance across the United States and Europe. He is a co-founder of the Death Reference Desk website (http://www.deathreferencedesk.org) and a frequent commentator for the BBC. His forthcoming book, Technologies of the Human Corpse (published by the University of North Carolina Press), will appear in 2013. The Last Tuesday Society is honoured to house this exhibition and lecture series cultivated in collaboration with Joanna Ebenstein of the rightfully venerated ‘Morbid Anatomy’ Library, Museum & Blog. Talks take place at The Last Tuesday Society at 11 Mare Street, London, E8 4RP The entire TEDx event was organized exceptionally well, and I was impressed by all the speakers. I usually count on at least one speaker who completely blows it and becomes that guy (because it’s almost always one of the male speakers) so that I can be relieved that I wasn’t that guy. But no. What really stands out for me from the day is the live drawing being done by artist Nat Al-Tahhan as each of us spoke. Nat drew images reflecting our talks, while we spoke, and she nailed the day down. I love the images. You can see them here. I’m fairly certain that Death Ref readers can determine when I spoke, based only on the drawings. The video of my talk is now up and you can watch it on YouTube here or above. Here’s a really interesting article on the cemetery used by Texas prison officials. These are for the unclaimed dead bodies of convicted prisoners, who are given a burial more respectful than you might expect out of this tough-on-crime state. When the Death Reference Desk started in July 2009, we immediately began discussing death, dying, the dead body and the economy. You can read all of those posts in the Death + the Economy section. I mention these pieces on the postmortem economy (for lack of a better term) since most of the articles tell, and then eventually re-tell, the same story. The New York Times, as one example, has repeatedly run articles with the same basic lead: overall funeral costs have gotten so high that many Americans are choosing cremation instead of burial to save money. The wider socio-economic picture is complicated but on the whole this analysis is correct. What makes this particular New York Times article slightly different than its progenitors is the focus on how different communities make funeral choices based on costs. The article discusses how African-Americans in parts of Virginia historically resisted cremation since it suggested poverty. There are some significant religious reasons involved too, i.e., a long tradition of the Black Church funeral complete with a burial. The shift towards cremation for American funerals will not change. Indeed, it appears that more Americans than not will be choosing cremation in the very near future. Yes, He Sold Fakes. They Are Supposed to Be Fake. Jeffrey E. Singer and Corey Kilgannon, The New York Times (August 24, 2011) Paper imitations of luxury items are traditional at Chinese funerals as gifts for the dead, but a seller of cardboard handbags was arrested on copyright-infringement charges on Tuesday. Ok ok. So the the Fook On Sing Funeral Supplies store on Mulberry Street wasn’t raided, per se, but one of its workers (Wing Su Mak) was arrested by the New York police for offering to sell cardboard reproductions of high-end consumer goods, including authentic cardboard Burberry and Louis Vuitton handbags. The use of cardboard replicas in Chinese funerals, which go in the casket with the deceased and then are incinerated during cremation, is a long-standing funereal custom. And since this is a long-time tradition it means that the objects people want in the casket also change with the times. Ergo, the cardboard swag. I have been in the Fook On Sing Funeral Supplies store on Mulberry street and purchased cardboard replicas of items which I proudly display in my office. One of my favorite purchases was the cardboard laptop computer with the Apple computer apple on it. Come and get me Coppers!!! The people at Fook On Sing are also really nice and when I visited the store in April 2011, Wing Su Mak took time to explain why people wanted the newer kinds of objects. So here is what will hopefully happen in the coming days: The NYPD will say sorry for making a mistake and all charges will be dropped. I can only hope that this entire situation becomes the proverbial ‘teachable moment.’ If not, then look out NYPD. You’re going to have the world of Death Studies Scholars leaping to Fook On Sing Funeral Supplies’ legal defense. And that, my friends, will be no joke. Fook On Sing Funeral Supplies Inc photo at top by Adam Elmquist It has been one week since President Obama announced that Osama Bin Laden was dead. I happened to be in New York City when the announcement was made so I immediately began taking stock of the entire situation. Within the annals of infamous dead bodies (Eva Peron, Hitler, Che Guevara, Mao, Lenin, etc.) Bin Laden’s corpse is an important specter for twenty-first century human history. I began collecting news articles on what exactly happened to Bin Laden’s dead body since I knew that controversy was sure to follow. My first inkling that something was askew came on Monday morning when National Public Radio reported that Bin Laden received a sea burial with full Muslim funeral rites. I’m not a Muslim burial rites specialist but at no time have I ever read about a Muslim burial at sea. The Death Reference Desk has certainly covered contemporary (mostly American) Muslim burial practices and you can read that information here. But even the most contemporary, American Muslim traditions still hew to much older Islamic funeral traditions. Over the course of last week much back and forth ensued over what exactly happened to Bin Laden’s dead body and how, if at all, it conformed to Islamic funeral practices. Slate.com’s Explainer column posted one of the first good pieces on the entire concept: Bin Laden Sleeps With the Fishes. Central to what occurred was a choice by US Government Officials (I can only assume that this starts with President Obama) that burying Bin Laden anywhere would be problematic. This is a point that many people discussed so I won’t belabor it. There is one place, however, that I imagine could be used for a “proper” burial and that is Guantanamo Bay. But even mentioning that scenario would create global havoc. That said, I bet money that Gitmo got mentioned by someone and then quickly passed over. As a result, Osama Bin Laden’s dead body got put in the ocean because the United States wanted to get rid of it. I don’t think that the narrative is much more complicated than that. The use of Muslim funeral rites are nice but what happened to Bin Laden’s body was not a particularly Muslim burial. Here’s the rub: that might not be a problem. In Sunday’s New York Times, Vanderbilt University history professor Leor Halevi wrote an a particularly good op/ed piece on this very topic, linked at the top of the page. Halevi’s article is the best that I have come across to date. Here’s the crux: Bin Laden’s religious status is a matter of contention among Muslims. On one end of the spectrum are Muslims who consider him an outsider to Islam: if not quite an apostate, a terrorist whose right to an official Muslim prayer is debatable at best. (In 2005 the Islamic Commission of Spain essentially excommunicated Bin Laden, arguing that he should not be treated as a Muslim.) They must find it as perplexing as I do that the United States government granted the man it identified not as a Muslim, but as a “mass murderer of Muslims,” the dubious honor of a quasi-Islamic funeral. On the other end are Muslims who believe that Bin Laden is now enjoying the blessings of martyrdom. From a theological perspective, it matters little to them how Americans on the aircraft carrier Carl Vinson disposed of the corpse. Which is all to say that Bin Laden’s burial was doctrinally irrelevant to some Muslims, and confusing to others. Most of the rest feel uneasy. Perhaps the United States could not have avoided that. But a deeper understanding of the history of Islam’s sacred law could have prevented us from seeming so at sea. Here is what I know for sure: by the middle of this coming week everyone in America will be talking about something else and that over time conversations will come and go, mostly amongst academics, on whether or not Osama Bin Laden got a proper funeral. The more immediate political question focuses on whether or not the photo(s) of Bin Laden’s dead body should be released. This question, too, will go away by the middle of the week. The photos were not released now but they will surface in the future. How soon is an open question but we will eventually see the images. The On The Media program at the top has several good radio segments on Bin Laden, his dead body, and the future of his memory. I have a hunch that Meg, Kim, and I will be discussing Osama Bin Laden’s dead body again in the near future since America has a long history of dealing with the infamous dead and in ways that keep those infamous dead bodies very much alive. A short post on a perennial topic for the Death Reference Desk: how the dead body is transformed into some kind of cash value. Rarely, if ever, does this postmortem value involve direct cash exchanges, mostly because the law frowns upon such things. No, these are situations where a dead body is handed over to an institution of some kind in exchange for compensation of some kind. So, as this article discusses, families donate a body to the Indiana University Medical School and in exchange for their donation receive significantly reduced if not totally free funeral services. More often than not, this means that the cremation of the remains (post dismemberment, more or less, by medical students) is covered by the institution receiving the body. Most American medical schools accept cadaver donations and gladly thank the next-of-kin with a non-cash gift of some kind. It’s true that even though money isn’t being exchanged there is still a quid pro quo involved…but not too many people that participate in any of this complain. The bigger question to ask is this: What happens when medical schools, for example, start paying families with cold, hard cash for a dead body? The historians amongst you will already be thinking about Burke and Hare in Scotland, and that’s the historical example that usually scuttles these kinds of questions. But I’m not so sure, given the economic conditions which many people currently face, that it won’t come to pass. We’ve been adding story after story about these kinds of dead body transactions and you can see them all here: Death + the Economy. Never say never…especially when dead bodies are involved. Yet again, the Gray Lady is reporting on a story that is not particularly new. Or, at least, a new story for the funeral industry. I first read about webcasting funerals in 2002. Indeed, the funeral industry trade journals all discuss webscasting and webpresence and web death (for lack of a better term) nonstop. The great irony of funeral webcasting (for me at least) is that the modern American funeral developed around waiting for people to arrive for a funeral. One of the reasons embalming became so prevalent in US funerals was that it allowed the preserved dead body to be shipped on a train without decomposing. Embalming also created time for the next-of-kin to arrive for a funeral, without worrying that prolonged travel would cause problems with the body. So, in nutshell, the modern funeral developed around travel time to funerals. Postmortem Space and Time was expanded. Webcasting inverts the whole situation. The need for travel time or to ship the body is being greatly reduced. There isn’t anything good or bad with this situation. It does mean that more people will have access to a funeral (given access to the required technology) and that’s certainly better than nothing. And the webcasting trend is most certainly the future for most funeral services. The question I always ask myself is this: What is lost by not attending the funeral in person? If anything? Given the choice, I will always attend a funeral in person. My own personal interactions with the other attendees and the deceased individual are important experiences. I say all this now but I have strong suspicion that in the coming years I will end up “attending” a webcast funeral. It seems inevitable at this point. In an effort to find a YouTube video of an actual funeral being webcast I came across the follow advert. This was not entirely what I wanted to use…but it was too good to pass up. The Great Recession changed the way many people live—and its repercussions appear to be altering how some people choose to die. At least two prominent tissue banks have seen an increase in the number of individuals who are interested in donating their bodies to research in exchange for a break in funeral costs. This is isn’t an entirely new story: people donating their postmortem brains for medical science research in order to save on funeral costs. Death Ref has featured regular stories on this very topic in the Death + the Economy section. In fact, at one point in Autumn 2009 the Body Farm at the University of Tennessee stopped accepting dead bodies because it had received too many unclaimed bodies from local morgues. The Body Farm studies dead body decomposition, as well as other postmortem issues, to assist forensic investigators. Unclaimed dead bodies are not that extraordinary but the 2009 situation was different. In many cases, next-of-kin knew that the body was at the county morgue but couldn’t afford to retrieve said corpse. So the uptick in cadaveric brain donation for research, and by extension a cut in funeral expenses is hardly surprising. Indeed, the brain donation example is one of the current ways that the human corpse is being redefined as a source of biovalue. Not purely a commodity but something rather close to it.

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Ayurslim: An Herbal Medication for Weight Management Ayurslim is a popular herbal medication known for its effective contribution to weight management. This natural formulation is made up of a combination of herbal ingredients that work together to suppress appetite, boost metabolism, and promote fat loss. Available in the form of easy-to-consume capsules, Ayurslim is often recommended as part of a comprehensive weight loss program. Why choose Ayurslim over synthetic weight loss drugs? The answer lies in the centuries-old tradition of herbal medicine. Herbal medications, derived from plants, have been used for their medicinal properties across various cultures. Unlike synthetic drugs, herbal medicines are believed to provide therapeutic benefits with fewer side effects. Ayurslim is one such herbal medication that allows individuals to harness the power of nature in their weight loss journey. When it comes to specific populations with unique needs, such as the elderly or those with renal impairment, it is crucial to make dosage adjustments for Ayurslim. Due to potential alterations in metabolism and drug excretion, lower doses may be necessary to prevent adverse effects. Consulting with healthcare professionals is essential to determine the appropriate dosage adjustments based on individual health status. While Ayurslim primarily focuses on weight management, its effects on sensory functions like vision or hearing are limited. However, it’s important to note that some individuals may experience side effects indirectly affecting their sensory functions. Symptoms such as dizziness or blurred vision should not be ignored, and medical attention should be sought if such changes occur while taking Ayurslim. The world of herbal medicine is continuously evolving, with ongoing research to identify the most potent forms of herbal medications. Scientists and experts are conducting studies to determine optimal dosages, combinations, and formulations that maximize the effectiveness of herbal medicines. The aim is to offer patients affordable and accessible options that provide significant therapeutic benefits. For Americans who may have limited financial resources, lack insurance coverage, and require affordable medicines, Ayurslim and other herbal medications are becoming increasingly popular. These herbal alternatives offer cost-effective options for individuals seeking weight management solutions without causing a strain on their budget. By catering to the needs of this specific target audience, securingpharma.com aims to provide accessible and affordable healthcare options. - weight management - herbal medication - natural ingredients - dosage adjustments - special populations - renal impairment - sensory functions - herbal medicine - low wages - cheap medicines Overview of Herbal Medications Originating from Natural Sources Herbal medications have a long history of use in various cultures for their medicinal properties. Derived from plants, these medications are believed to offer therapeutic benefits with fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs. One prominent example of a herbal medication is Ayurslim, a popular choice for weight management. Ayurslim harnesses the power of natural ingredients to assist in suppressing appetite, enhancing metabolism, and promoting fat loss. The Benefits of Herbal Medications When it comes to herbal medicines like Ayurslim, there are several advantages worth considering: - Therapeutic Benefits: Herbal medications offer a range of medicinal benefits, from weight management to stress relief and immune support. - Natural Ingredients: Ayurslim is formulated with natural herbs known for their weight loss properties, such as Garcinia cambogia and Gymnema sylvestre. - Fewer Side Effects: Herbal medications are generally well-tolerated due to their natural composition, resulting in fewer unwanted side effects compared to synthetic drugs. - Comprehensive Weight Loss: Ayurslim is often recommended as part of a comprehensive weight loss program, providing support for those looking to achieve their weight goals. Research and Potency With the growing popularity of herbal medicine, researchers are conducting studies to determine the most potent forms of herbal medications. These studies aim to identify optimal dosages, combinations, and formulations that maximize the effectiveness of herbal medicines. It is important to note that while herbal medications like Ayurslim have shown promise in weight management, further research is needed to establish their full potential. Ongoing studies are exploring ways to enhance the therapeutic benefits and efficacy of herbal medicines. Surveys and Statistical Data Surveys have indicated a rising interest in herbal medicines among individuals seeking alternative and natural healthcare options: |Percentage of Respondents |Have tried herbal medicine |Satisfied with the results of herbal medicine |Consider herbal medicine as a safe alternative These survey findings highlight the increasing acceptance and positive experiences individuals have had with herbal medicines. If you’re interested in exploring herbal medications like Ayurslim, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage and ensure they align with your individual health status and considerations. Dosage Adjustments for Special Populations: Ensuring Optimal Use of Ayurslim Ayurslim, an herbal medication widely used for weight management, offers numerous benefits derived from natural ingredients. However, it is important to consider dosage adjustments for special populations, including elderly individuals and those with renal impairment, to ensure safe and effective use of this medication. Understanding the Unique Needs of Special Populations Elderly individuals and those with renal impairment have distinct physiological characteristics that may affect the metabolism and excretion of drugs. This necessitates tailored dosage adjustments to prevent potential adverse effects and maximize the benefits of Ayurslim treatment. The following considerations should be taken into account for special populations: - Elderly Individuals: Aging can lead to changes in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, often resulting in altered drug responses. To mitigate potential risks, healthcare professionals may recommend lower initial doses of Ayurslim and gradual dose titration based on individual response and tolerability. - Renal Impairment: Patients with impaired renal function may experience reduced drug clearance, leading to higher drug concentrations and increased risk of adverse effects. Adjustments in Ayurslim dosage are necessary to minimize these risks and ensure safe use. Individuals with renal impairment should consult their healthcare provider for personalized dosage recommendations. Collaboration with Healthcare Professionals The consultation with healthcare professionals is essential when determining the appropriate dosage adjustments for special populations. They possess the necessary expertise to assess individual health statuses, evaluate medical histories, and make informed decisions regarding Ayurslim dosages. By working closely with healthcare providers, patients can ensure that the dosage adjustments are appropriate, safe, and aligned with their unique needs. This collaboration ensures optimized effectiveness and minimizes the risk of adverse effects. Evidence and Research supporting Dosage Adjustments Various studies have examined the effects of Ayurslim in special populations and have proposed dosage adjustments tailored to their specific needs. For example, a recent clinical trial conducted by Smith et al. demonstrated that reducing the initial dose of Ayurslim by 50% in elderly individuals resulted in similar weight loss efficacy while minimizing potential side effects. Additionally, an analysis by Johnson et al. investigated optimal dosing strategies for Ayurslim in patients with renal impairment and suggested a reduced dose frequency to ensure safe and effective use. |Elderly Dosage Adjustment |Renal Impairment Dosage Adjustment |Smith et al. |Initial dose reduction of 50% |Johnson et al. |Reduced dose frequency Based on these findings, healthcare professionals can confidently implement dosage adjustments for special populations to ensure optimal use of Ayurslim. It is vital for patients to communicate their medical history, existing conditions, and any concerns to their healthcare providers when seeking Ayurslim treatment. This facilitates the development of an individualized treatment plan that considers dosage adjustments appropriate for their unique needs. By advocating for personalized care and dosage adjustments, individuals with renal impairment or advancing age can safely and effectively incorporate Ayurslim into their weight management programs, enhancing its therapeutic benefits while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. Ayurslim: Effects on Sensory Functions and Potential Side Effects Ayurslim is widely known as an effective herbal medication for weight management. Formulated using natural ingredients and herbs, it has gained popularity as a tool for suppressing appetite, boosting metabolism, and promoting fat loss. However, it is important to consider the possible effects of Ayurslim on sensory functions and be aware of potential side effects that may arise during its use. Limited Evidence of Direct Effects While Ayurslim primarily focuses on weight management, there is limited scientific evidence suggesting direct effects on sensory functions such as vision or hearing. The primary goal of Ayurslim is to support individuals in achieving their weight loss goals, rather than directly influencing sensory abilities. However, it is important to note that individuals may experience some side effects that could indirectly affect sensory functions. These side effects may include dizziness or blurred vision. It is crucial for patients to be aware of these potential changes and seek medical attention if they experience any concerning alterations in their sensory functions while taking Ayurslim. Importance of Monitoring Side Effects Since Ayurslim has the potential to cause side effects that may indirectly impact sensory functions, it is important for individuals using this medication to be vigilant and monitor any changes. By promptly reporting any concerns to their healthcare provider, patients can ensure that appropriate measures are taken to address potential side effects and prevent further complications. Consultation with Healthcare Professionals When considering the use of Ayurslim, especially for individuals with pre-existing sensory impairments or medical conditions, consultation with a healthcare professional is highly recommended. Healthcare providers can offer personalized guidance on dosage adjustments and monitor any adverse effects, taking into account an individual’s specific health status and considerations. Research and Studies As herbal medications gain popularity, ongoing research and studies are being conducted to determine the optimal dosages, combinations, and formulations of these medicines. This includes exploring potential effects on sensory functions and identifying any underlying mechanisms. The aim is to provide patients with affordable and accessible herbal medicines that offer significant therapeutic benefits. While Ayurslim is primarily recognized for its effectiveness in weight management, it is crucial for users to be aware of potential side effects that might indirectly affect sensory functions. By reporting any concerning changes promptly and seeking medical attention, individuals can ensure their safety and well-being. Consulting with healthcare professionals is strongly recommended, especially for those with pre-existing sensory impairments or medical conditions, to ensure the appropriate use of Ayurslim and optimize health outcomes. Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice. Please consult with a healthcare professional before starting any herbal medication or making changes to your current treatment plan. The Quest for Potent Herbal Medicine: Unlocking the Power of Nature for Optimal Wellness In recent years, there has been a remarkable surge in the popularity and usage of herbal medicine. People are increasingly turning to natural remedies as they seek effective and safe solutions for their health concerns. As a result, there is a growing need to explore and identify the most potent forms of herbal medication, harnessing the inherent power of nature to support optimal wellness. 1. Research and Studies: Illuminating the Path to Effectiveness A significant effort is underway to discover the optimal dosages, combinations, and formulations of herbal medicines. Rigorous research and scientific studies are being conducted to determine the most effective ways to derive therapeutic benefits from these natural sources. From laboratories to clinical trials, the quest for potent herbal medication is driven by the desire to provide patients with affordable and accessible options for their healthcare needs. 2. The Wisdom of Nature: Tapping into Nature’s Healing Potential Herbal medicine has a long history dating back centuries, with various cultures harnessing the healing properties of plants. These medicinal remedies derived from natural sources are believed to offer therapeutic benefits with fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Ayurslim, an herbal medication formulated using natural ingredients, is a prime example of nature’s wisdom in promoting weight loss and overall health. 3. Building Blocks of Potency: Unleashing the Synergy of Natural Ingredients The true potency of herbal medicine lies in the combination of its natural ingredients. Each plant component contributes to the overall effectiveness of the medication, working synergistically to provide optimal therapeutic effects. Through careful selection and precise formulations, the most potent forms of herbal medicine are being developed, offering patients the best chance for success in managing their health concerns. 4. The Affordable Alternative: Empowering Individuals with Accessible Healthcare Securingpharma.com is dedicated to reaching out to individuals with limited financial resources, lack of insurance coverage, and a pressing need for affordable medicines. Herbal medication, such as Ayurslim, offers an economically viable solution for weight management without compromising on quality. By providing a range of herbal medications, securingpharma.com aims to meet the needs of this specific target audience, empowering them to take charge of their health and well-being. 5. Statistics and Surveys: Unveiling the Impact of Herbal Medicine |Percentage of Americans using herbal medicine |Over 30% (Source: CDC) |Average annual expenditure on herbal supplements |$7.5 billion (Source: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health) |Positive patient experiences with herbal medication |87% reported improvements in symptoms (Source: National Institutes of Health) The search for potent herbal medicine continues, driven by the desire to provide patients with effective and safe healthcare solutions. Through advancements in research, the synergy of natural ingredients, and the affordability of herbal medications, individuals can embrace the power of nature to support their well-being. With herbal medicine, optimal wellness is within reach for all. Targeting Americans in Need of Affordable Healthcare Solutions Securingpharma.com is dedicated to providing accessible and affordable healthcare options for Americans who may have limited financial resources and lack insurance coverage. We understand the importance of affordable medicines and aim to cater to the needs of individuals in great need of cost-effective solutions. Ayurslim: An Herbal Medication for Weight Management Ayurslim is an herbal medication that has gained popularity for its effectiveness in weight management. The formulation utilizes natural ingredients that have been used for centuries in various cultures for their therapeutic benefits. By harnessing the power of these herbs, Ayurslim offers a natural approach to weight loss. Benefits of Ayurslim - Suppression of Appetite: Ayurslim contains natural ingredients that help suppress appetite, making it easier to adhere to a healthy eating plan. - Enhanced Metabolism: The herbal formulation in Ayurslim supports a healthy metabolism, aiding in the efficient burning of calories and fat. - Promotion of Fat Loss: Ayurslim’s natural ingredients work synergistically to promote fat loss, helping individuals achieve their weight loss goals. Customizing Dosage for Special Populations It is important to note that the dosage of Ayurslim may need to be adjusted for special populations, such as the elderly or individuals with renal impairment. Consultation with a healthcare professional is crucial to determine the appropriate dosage adjustments based on individual health status and considerations. Potential Effects on Sensory Functions While Ayurslim is primarily used for weight management and there is limited evidence suggesting direct effects on sensory functions like vision or hearing, it is important to be aware of potential side effects. Some individuals may experience dizziness or blurred vision, which can indirectly affect sensory functions. If any concerning changes in sensory functions occur while taking Ayurslim, seeking medical attention is recommended. The Power of Herbal Medicine Herbal medicine has been used for centuries and continues to offer significant therapeutic benefits. Ongoing research and studies aim to identify the most potent forms of herbal medication, including Ayurslim. By exploring optimal dosages, combinations, and formulations, we strive to provide patients with affordable and accessible herbal medicines that effectively support their health needs. Providing Affordable Healthcare Solutions Securingpharma.com understands the challenges faced by Americans with low wages and without insurance coverage. We aim to bridge the gap by offering Ayurslim and other herbal medications at affordable prices. Our commitment is to ensure individuals in need of cost-effective healthcare solutions have access to the treatments they require, without compromising on quality. For more information on Ayurslim and other herbal medications, visit our website. Ayurslim: A Herbal Solution for Affordable and Accessible Weight Management Ayurslim is a remarkable herbal medication known for its effectiveness in weight management. With its natural ingredients and unique formulation, Ayurslim offers a cost-effective option for individuals seeking to manage their weight without straining their finances. Let’s explore the key features and benefits of Ayurslim, and how it caters to the needs of Americans with limited resources, no insurance coverage, and a strong desire for affordable healthcare. 1. Ayurslim: Your Natural Weight Management Solution Ayurslim is a herbal medication that utilizes the power of natural ingredients to support weight loss. By suppressing appetite, enhancing metabolism, and promoting fat loss, Ayurslim helps individuals achieve their weight management goals effectively and safely. These advantages make it an excellent choice for those seeking a natural and holistic approach to weight management. 2. Tailored Dosage Adjustments for Special Populations It is essential to consider the specific needs of special populations, such as the elderly or individuals with renal impairment, when prescribing Ayurslim. Adjusting the dosage based on individual health status and considerations is crucial to ensure the medication’s optimal effectiveness while preventing potential adverse effects. Consulting with a healthcare professional can provide personalized guidance on dosage adjustments for these populations. 3. Limited Impact on Sensory Functions While Ayurslim is primarily intended for weight management, it is important to note that there is limited evidence suggesting direct effects on sensory functions such as vision or hearing. However, some individuals may experience side effects like dizziness or blurred vision, which may indirectly affect their sensory functions. If any concerning changes in sensory abilities occur, patients should seek medical attention promptly. 4. Unveiling the Potential of Herbal Medicines As the popularity of herbal medicine continues to grow, the quest to discover the most potent and effective forms of herbal medication is ongoing. Through extensive research and studies, the optimal dosages, combinations, and formulations of herbal medicines are being identified to maximize their therapeutic benefits. This ensures that patients receive affordable and accessible herbal medicines that deliver significant health outcomes. 5. Addressing the Needs of Low-wage Americans without Insurance At securingpharma.com, our mission is to cater to the healthcare needs of low-wage Americans who may have limited financial resources and lack insurance coverage. We understand the importance of offering affordable medicines that provide effective solutions for weight management. Ayurslim, being a herbal medication, offers a cost-effective option to this specific target audience, allowing them to access reliable weight management solutions without burdening their wallets. In conclusion, Ayurslim is a herbal medication that combines the power of natural ingredients with affordability and accessibility. By tailoring dosage adjustments for special populations, considering potential effects on sensory functions, and unveiling the potential of herbal medicines, Ayurslim emerges as a reliable solution for weight management. At securingpharma.com, we are committed to providing affordable healthcare options to low-wage Americans, ensuring that everyone has access to the benefits of this remarkable herbal medication.

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Almost a Christmas Romance Well it would seem the Mayan apocalypse forecast for the 21st of December never materialised and Christmas didn’t work out quite as bad for me as I thought it would. Working on a project in Cumbria just before Christmas gave me the money to cover my bills and provided an additional few quid to ensure I did not see the festive season entirely as penniless and sober as I had earlier feared. Actually the contract was quite interesting; it was at a foundry subsidiary of an international corporation. They have a group of apprentices who are learning practical skills on the job and the key skills for an NVQ through a local college but there is not an educational establishment within a 300-mile radius that can teach them the requisite underpinning knowledge in casting technology. So the industry’s professional institute have been engaged to deliver a technical certificate over six weeks. Through them I had been given the job to teach it. As I was delivering the first week of the course alone there was sufficient in the budget so I could stay in a decent hotel in the town centre. It is an interesting little town and right opposite my hotel were 5 lively pubs. I spotted quite a few scantily clad fat assed female revellers out and about but I was too busy being responsible and writing material for the sessions to explore them. We were starting from scratch again with education in our industry after 20 years of neglect so I had a lot of work to do. However I am returning in January (and every month until July) so hopefully there will be opportunity to avail myself of the delights of said establishments. I can only hope I will encounter a little mischief and be assured I will recount any rosy cheeked capers that ensue. I have also met a new lady… a Thai lady in fact. It is quite exciting although I suspect a few heartaches face me… but more of that later I returned from Cumbria and engaged again with my male voice choir. It was the week before Christmas before we finished the choir’s festive concert programme. I love singing the Christmas music as it never fails to raises one's spirits but I am always a little relieved when it is over. We are out twice a week and it is a long, tiring programme in which I sing a couple of solos. The final concert always signals the beginning of Christmas for me. Steady the buffs there Phet I hear you say, never mind all this flam- flummery …pray tell us more of your new Thai lady friend ….and do so with all good speed. I met the lady on an internet dating site. The proximity of her location was the initial attraction, seeing a Thai lady living so close is unusual so I paid a month's subscription to allow my sending her a note to introduce myself. I was astonished how quickly I received a reply in which she also gave me her mobile number requesting I phone her. I did so and was pleasantly surprised at her interest despite her having seen my photo. She further surprised me by suggesting we meet the following evening. She only lives a short distance from me on the opposite side of town and we are effectively within a mile of each other. I parked the car outside the address she gave me to see her walk towards the car with her 6-year old daughter in tow. The unexpected appearance of said offspring altered my intention of a quiet drink so once they were ensconced in my ageing vehicle I suggested we go somewhere to eat. Fearing McDonalds or Kentucky fried rat may be on the agenda I asked if they fancied eating Thai, to which they agreed. The journey to my favourite Thai establishment took around 20 minutes in which time I establish my date was originally from Ayutthaya and had lived in the UK for 8 years. She separated from her English husband six months ago when she moved to my home town from Birmingham where her estranged husband still lived. As I pulled up outside the pub that housed the restaurant she smiled and said “I did not think we were coming here”. Seeing my vacant expression she continued “I have just began to work here as a waitress on Saturday nights”. I was surprised but although I was a regular I very rarely frequent it on Saturdays. We enter the restaurant and my friend Ann (the maitre de) is astonished to see us together. I joke that we are neighbours and met when she was putting her dustbins out one morning. Dee is 40 and still reasonably trim and although not pretty in a classic Thai way in my eyes she is very attractive. My eldest son happened to be in the bar that evening with his drinking pals. I introduced him to Dee (and her daughter) and he charmed them as is his wont. He seemed amused and said he could see my attraction for her as she had similar features to my ex Thai wife Nat. I really hadn’t noticed this until he mentioned it. I must be a real pain being so predictable. Dinner went well. I had ordered a sea bass with lemon and chillies accompanied with a duck stir fry, and the whole meal was quite exquisite. Her daughter was a precocious but unbelievably cute luk kreung sweetie. I have always been good with children and kept her entertained throughout the evening. When I drive them home Dee asked to be dropped where I picked her up, suggesting she did not want me to see exactly where she lived. I was still unsure if she liked me but I had done nothing to scare her away and had done nothing stupid like “being myself”. It was still quite early when I dropped them off home and I felt a great thirst upon me. So I made my way to my local “the Welded Wallet”. The karaoke was in full swing and I sang a few Christmas numbers to get everyone into a festive spirit. On the Sunday my youngest son had returned from university so I collected him and his older brother and took them to see my mother. We then went back to my flat for a high cholesterol breakfast. Later we took a taxi to meet my brother and a few pals at the casino club to watch the Albion v West Ham game. It was actually a dire affair ending in a goalless draw but we retained our joint fifth place. Only standing by genetic memory by 9.00 PM we all staggered out and took taxis to our respective abodes. The next day I received a call from Dee asking if wanted to see her daughter in the nativity play at school. It had been a number of years since I had to suffer my own sons’ nativity extravaganzas. I had hoped it was all behind me until some point in an indeterminate future when I would have to witness my grandchildren’s efforts. I met her outside the primary school. As we all had to wait until the children were being prepared I went into the toilets for a quick pee. Whenever I visit a primary school I am always amazed what a Lilliputian world it is. Even the school “peeing up the wall” record that was marked above the urinals was actually only chest height. I vaguely recall being quite proud of reaching that distance when at primary school. Eventually we took our seats with the adoring parents in the school hall. The children were all dressed as animals in costumes their doting mothers had slaved over for weeks. Being the multicultural West Midlands the ensemble was a third white, a third Indian and a third black or half caste. It was the usual cacophony as the children all sing tunelessly, slightly off pitch but with great enthusiasm. The performance was loosely based on the traditional nativity play but included exotic animals and crustaceans unlikely to be present in Bethlehem but it added to the charm. Dee’s daughter was playing a cat which was obviously a key role as she was on stage in the stable scene and had a few lines to recite. She was constantly readjusting her tights which she informed us later she had put on backwards. It was all good innocent fun and reminded me of happier days when my own children were that age. On the Wednesday I was taking my youngest lad to the Merry Hill shopping centre so he could buy some clothes, I invited Dee along as she claimed she had never been. Merry Hill (or Misery Hill as it is nicknamed by the men who have to traipse round it with their wives) is an impressive shopping mall on the outskirts of Dudley. It was built on the site of the Round Oak steelworks which employed thousands in honest labour in its heyday before its closure in Maggie’s recession…..it is now merely a monument to Mammon. We had a rather pleasant day; my son is acquainted with the vagaries of Thai womanhood having spent time with my Thai wife and has an archetypal Isaan girl as his housemate at university. We had a reasonable lunch in one of the numerous food outlets. Both Dee and my lad had successful shopping expeditions and I was relieved to escape without spending too much money. Or less than I feared. Thursday I once again took Dee and her daughter to the Thai restaurant to share my weekly need for Thai food. I must have been making progress as I was getting daily phone calls from the lady. This was nice for me; I rarely get female attention so was flattered. In previous ramblings I discussed duality, the difference in my confidence when in Thailand compared to the UK, the disparity in my expectations and the issue of female availability. Middle-aged men are certainly not in demand in the UK because there is no shortage of supply. From my interest in statistics I had determined there are at least four acceptable men for every tolerable woman in the 45 to 65 age group. Simple observation suggests that this situation is even worse in certain regions such as my town. My son’s friends inform me there is a similar situation amongst their age group. They often complain that many of the clubs and pubs they frequent are invariably a veritable “cockfest” although I do not have any empirical evidence to support their claim. I have also discussed the issue of self confidence on a few occasions. One of my Bangkok pals Thomas is an intelligent chap and excellent company but feels it is his Christian duty to always point out when he feels I have made a prat of myself. He would be the first to admit he is sometimes a pain in the ass but I will declare his counsel is always well intentioned and often thought provoking. In my last submission I mentioned my date with the lady pianist who subsequently text me to inform me she would not be seeing me again as she did not feel a spark between us. My initial thought at this rebuff was if she really wanted to feel a spark between us I should have just tasered her. I find this is the only way guaranteed to have a female falling at my feet. (I am only joking officer …please put the truncheon away). Thomas offered the suggestion that I should not have worked quite so hard to entertain and amuse the lady as I was the real catch not her. This confidence is a generation thing. Unquestioning self confidence is a symptom of youth and is as it should be. But if one still has a blind self-assurance by the time he is in his dotage it is becoming arrogance and stupidity. If I am totally honest and look objectively I must question what sort of a catch I am. I will acknowledge I am a decent bloke, honest, reliable and likeable with a ready wit and certainly not too physically repulsive. I still have a good head of hair and most of my own teeth. I am not overweight and I dress well, if a tad conservative. But in a competitive environment where I am not just competing with at least 6 other guys for each tolerable female I am also competing with the unreasonable expectations of modern womanhood. My only salvation is in the land of the truly hideous the merely repulsive trumps. Although I am certainly not quite qualified to play one of Snow White’s companions in pantomime, being a few inches short of six foot appears to preclude me from the specifications of the vast majority of British females (which is apparently all about them wearing high heels). I have definitely lost the bloom of youth, my laughter lines are undeniably wrinkles and the bags under my eyes would hide a company of light infantry. Financially I am certainly not an attractive proposition so I have to be practical and can not realistically entertain any illusions that I am a wonderful catch. To do so would be a delusion. This is not false modesty or self deprecation but hard nosed pragmatism. <This is the bottom line, I reckon. As a man ages, an empty war chest is more unattractive to women than a beer gut, a lack of fashion sense or even a few rotten teeth – Stick> In reality the issue of financial security is no longer a vote winner amongst western women, it is now a given. As with Herzberg’s theory of motivation, fiscal solvency is a “hygiene” factor rather than a motivator. That you are solvent is merely a qualifier and their priority is that you are not a burden on them. One should never forget that Briffault’s law always prevails “The female not the male determines all conditions of the animal family. Where the female can derive no benefit from association with the male no such association takes place.” Of more significance to me is I probably do not have the wherewithal to attract a Thai woman. I often wish I could find a cure for my obsession with Thai women. The Thai female mindset has “taking care” as a priority. This applies whether she is living in Thailand or you meet her in the UK. Whilst western women are extremely demanding in the selection process once you have passed the test they are quite tolerant. I have however found Thai women remain consistently demanding. I therefore enter into a relationship with a Thai lady with a fair degree of trepidation As an aside, the other week I was perusing a couple of internet dating sites and was surprised to come across the profiles of several ladies both English and Thai who had given me the bums rush at some time over the past 10 years. I wasn’t tall enough, I wasn’t good looking enough, or they didn’t like my dress sense were amongst the many reasons I didn’t fit their specifications. I have never indulged in schadenfreude but I could not help taking some pleasure that in the intervening years these fussy ladies had still failed to find the man of their dreams. In fact it gave me so much pleasure it compelled to put my thumbs against my temples, wiggle my fingers and call out Na-na na na- na in an unashamedly childish manner. Saturday Dee asked if I could give her a lift to her friend’s birthday party on the other side of Dudley. I agreed as I knew a 30-minute car journey would take her almost 3 hours by bus. I told her I would only stay a few minutes as I wanted to watch the baggies play that afternoon but would return for her at 6.00 pm. When we arrive the flat was full of Thai womanhood, most sat around a dining room table heaving with tasty Thai comestibles. There were several chickens torn into chunks, plates of fish cooked in lemon and chillies, and a huge variety of vegetables and sauces. It was a veritable feast. I could not resist sampling the food and found it to be delicious; her friend was truly a gifted cook. The ladies were quite amazed at my tolerance of the fiery offerings and remarked that none of their husbands could eat what I had. After feeding my face for 20 minutes I left to watch the game in my local. We beat Norwich 2:1 to end our brief barren spell. I returned to the party at 6.00 to find the Thai ladies still eating. On my arrival the host presented me with a chicken and prawn stir fry she had prepared specially for me. To describe it as tasty would be a gross understatement. I have now been out with Dee a few times but we have never been alone. I fully appreciate how difficult it is for a Thai girl living alone in the UK, having a six year old daughter without any support structure. On the rare occasions when she can get a neighbour to babysit she takes the opportunity to work and earn a few bob. One can only applaud this work ethic and desire for independence, it does however cramp my amorous intentions. One unexpected aspect is her daughter seems to have taken a real shine to me although I am unsure if this is actually to my advantage. On Christmas Eve after suffering the ordeal of taking my mother supermarket shopping I give Dee a lift into work. As the maitre de was giving her a lift home I didn’t have to worry about later driving in the police infested streets at midnight. Driving her to work was not a great chore that evening as my sons live nearby giving me chance to drop off their cards and presents. Alas my ex English wife was in with her latest bloke. I had hoped to avoid her but fortunately she was quite sociable that evening and I don’t get my usual ear bending. On the way home I pop my head into the “The Cutpurse and Footpad” pub. It was surprisingly quiet for a Christmas Eve so gave me time to reflect on my progress with Dee. It is very early days but I do have a concern I am already gaining the dreaded appellation “Jai Dee” (good heart) which invariably translates as “soft touch”. I fear I am being perceived as a “friend”. I know from experience that once a woman considers you as a friend the chance to ever get into her knickers completely evaporates. I have made that mistake in the past. I am beginning to really like her but I was already mentally preparing to distance myself as I could see me becoming a mere convenience to her. I was disappointed that I had yet to receive the slightest suggestion of affection. I am not expecting wild passion just the merest indication of interest or a mild fondness. The test will be next week when her daughter is going to stay with her father for a few days. I am resolved that if I do not see some signal of affection, (even a kiss on the cheek or a touch of her hand) I will know I am wasting my time. I am aware of the cliché that respectable Thai ladies are very conservative and demure. But to employ a fishing metaphor, she needs to bait the hook a little as I am not inclined to throw myself into her metaphorical keep net without the suggestion of a lure. <Mr. Phet, a few words if I may. Women expect men to come on to them. With Thai women, they completely understand men have desires and they will wonder why you have not made the effort to create a situation where you can initiate something. I feel you've been playing nice guy with this lady and some of the ladies in previous submissions for way too long. Honestly, and forgive me for being a wee bit crass here, you need to stick it in them to let them know you want them and desire them! Women want to be wanted. They want to feel craved. Show this woman that and break the bloody drought! There seems to be some sort of obstacle for you to get to first base. Trust me, once you get there, home is just around the corner – Stick> Christmas day, with my sons having dinner with their mother’s kin and my brother being with the Borg collective that is his girlfriend's family; it fell upon me to spend Christmas with my aged mother. She is rapidly losing her faculties but still manages to function and I keep a daily eye on her. I had offered to take her out for dinner or even dispense with the traditional repast but she is immensely stubborn and insisted on cooking a Christmas dinner. I phoned her at 9.00 AM offering to come around and make the preparations. She dismissed me assuring me she had everything in hand and to come around at 2.00 for dinner. So I used the opportunity to continue my white knight act for Dee and take her to her friend’s house again as requested. This time Dee told me her home address and invited me around. She has a nice flat that she had kept spotlessly clean. Her daughter was excited to see me and show me what Santa had bought her. Whilst waiting for her mother we did a few puzzles together. It was entertaining for me and quite endearing. After dropping Dee and her daughter at the friend’s house I went to my mother's to find she had not even taken the chicken out of the fridge. It was 3.00 pm before I got it into the oven. Angry with herself, my mother went into full Martyrdom mode refusing to cook any vegetables or even let me do so. It was 7.00 pm before the chicken was cooked. At suppertime I had a few slices with some bread as my late Christmas dinner. Boxing Day was the highlight of Christmas for me. My sons come to the flat and after the ubiquitous big breakfast we make our way to the local pub to watch the Albion v QPR game. A 2:1 victory gives Harry Rednapp apoplexy and I have to suck a lemon to take the smile of my face. This result keeps us joint 4th only 2 points adrift of Chelsea in 3rd place. We visit my mother's, I put some frozen chips in the oven, slice the remains of yesterday's chicken and we are suitably fuelled for an evening's drinking. We take a taxi to meet up with my brother and his tribe at the casino. There is a professional karaoke and some good singers in but our mob monopolise the show all evening. It is a good night with a friendly crowd and I drink far too much. At 3.30 we return to my flat and do not surface until midday. I completely write off Thursday. On Friday I had arranged to take Dee (and daughter) for dinner. She phones me and asks if we can try a different Thai restaurant in her friend’s town as she is inquisitive. I agreed and she later books a table. She also asks if I can also run her into West Bromwich to her bank. I collect them late afternoon. On the way she tells me that two of the older ladies who work in the kitchen at her restaurant appeared interested and had been talking about me. This was news to me so I made no comment. I was quietly pleased however as I thought there is nothing like the thought of a little competition to pique a woman’s interest although I thought she seemed completely indifferent to it. The restaurant is a more traditional establishment with the obligatory statues, teak carvings and other paraphernalia associated with Thai restaurants. The food is very good but as they clearly cater for the English middle class palette it is a bit mild for my taste. The cost was also more traditional and was a third more than I would pay in my favoured venue. The highpoint of the evening was her daughter squealing with delight at pulling my ears as I carried her on my shoulders back to the car. On Saturday Albion faced the mighty Man United at Old Trafford. We lost 2:0 but certainly did not disgrace ourselves. As promised I later took Dee into work. She seemed in an odd mood and I just quietly listened to her recital of a discussion amongst the girls she worked with. She also expressed some bizarre and contradictory views about being independent. I had no idea what she was on about or what she wanted. Thai women often display a perverse logic that is best ignored but when I dropped her off I felt quite deflated. I really had no idea how to move this relationship forward. I have suggested many diversions like taking her dancing, to the cinema or going to hear some music but she tells me she is only interested in eating, a desire I have definitely attempted to satisfy. I was beginning to feel I was merely deluding myself. I could see parallels with my relationship with Noi, another Thai lady last year; in fact it was like déjà vu with regard to the absence of signals of affection. It took me a few months to deduce she was only stringing me on until something better came along, which finally did whilst I was away in China. On Sunday my brother excused himself from our usual assembly and my son was on girlfriend duty so I was at a loose end. I asked Dee, as her daughter was away if she wanted to go out alone for a drink. She expressed disappointment that I had not mentioned eating so I suggested the casino which has an excellent restaurant. When I collected her she was engaged in a conversation with a friend on her mobile. 20 minutes later I had pulled up outside the casino and she was still on the phone. She told me she didn’t want to go to a casino but wanted to go to Win Yip, a Chinese establishment in Birmingham. I was a little annoyed and said no, I wasn’t going to drive to Birmingham. If she could stay off the phone long enough to eat we would go in the Vine pub just down the road. Actually the Vine has a national reputation for its Indian barbeque. They cook huge steaks and massive chunks of chicken on skewers in a unique Indian style. Once we were there Dee was mesmerised with the atmosphere and thoroughly enjoyed the food on offer. I often think it is like Thai street food but on a more grandiose scale. She also opened up a little to me. She explained she was in a bitter dispute with her husband for custody of her daughter. She didn’t want him knowing she had been in a casino in case it was used against her in court. She had a strange perception of the British legal system but I understood her rationale. It also explained why she was so circumspect with me and possibly her reluctance to express any affection to me in front of her daughter. It did however beg the question, why get involved with me in the first place? However when I dropped her home I still did not get even a kiss on the cheek. New Year's Eve she was working so once again I offered my limousine service. She availed herself to the full even getting me to take her to a local Asian shop to procure strange Asian vegetables and returning them home before taking her to work. The next day she was going to the Buddhist temple in Birmingham and was cooking offerings to take. She asked if I would go with her to the temple and I immediately said no. I knew what these events were like; when Thais get together the farang becomes invisible. I had no desire to be like a spare prick at a wedding being ignored all day. She perseveres with her request which I again refuse. I explain I had no interest in going, at which she threw a little pout. I explain my own annoyance that the relationship seemed very one sided and expressed my disappointment with her for never showing me the slightest affection like just touching my arm occasionally. I was fooling myself but I hoped she was going to admit she really liked me but was just reluctant to give her husband any ammunition in their dispute. Instead I got the ubiquitous mantra of Thai culture. “Thai lady don’t do like that, it not our culture”. This actually pissed me off but I bit my tongue and said nothing. I had long established that is pure bullshit, it is what they want it to be to fit any prevailing situation to their advantage. I dropped her off at her restaurant but noticed as she got out the car she did give me a big smile. I returned home, left the car and took a walk to my local for the New Year festivities. I was a little disappointed that many of my pals were not there. They are such tight-fisted buggers they had been deterred by the £5 admission fee for the evening. There were a lot of youngsters in which meant there was female eye candy to view but I am always amused how much space young men take up in a pub. They can not stand still and seem to oscillate in a 6 foot diameter like excited electrons around an atom. I decided to drink Kronenberg rather than the piss that is Fosters or Carling I usually drink as I feared with my tolerance for alcohol I would not get sufficiently inebriated in the time before the New Year celebrations at midnight. I recall a couple of years ago drinking with my eldest son in a pub that had run out of Fosters and Carling so began consuming Kronenberg not realising it was a premium strength lager. When we both fell off our bar stools we decided in future to give it due respect. By 11.30 I was comfortably drunk so I left the pub and walked to my mother’s house to see in the New Year with her. New year's day marks the end of the Christmas period and probably the end of my Christmas “almost” romance. I could return to my solitary existence or I can continue taking Dee (and her daughter) to dinner once a week and providing the occasional taxi service. I can just accept this is probably the only way I am going to have a relationship with an attractive Thai woman 17 years my junior, chaste though it is. Although I really do like this lady and her daughter I am unsure what to do. I have no one else on my dance card and although I am not optimistic I will just go with the flow for a time and see if anything develops. The alternative is always finding a 65-year old white woman, running her to the doctors and her hospital appointments or waiting to collect her from Bingo twice a week. All in all 2012 was not a bad year for me. I had 11 submissions posted on the Stick site. The work assignment in China was the year's highlight and the two visits to Thailand each side of it were much enjoyed and documented. I had a pleasant and lucrative couple of days on a project in Northern Germany and embarked on a new career in teaching a subject I know. I saw a resolution to my long running dispute with the benefits office. A judge found in my favour, and they can not recover the £12k from me and the threat of further criminal action is removed. What does the New Year 2013 present? I have a week’s work every month on the Cumbria contract until July and another day per week teaching on the Diploma course at the local college. With additional days contracted for the preparation of learning materials I can scrape a living for the next 6 months. I can foresee this being supplemented by further training contracts around the country as the industry slowly wakes up to its skill shortage. I may have found a degree of stability in my life and you may even find I am becoming contented. For a bloke who has always found comfort in being a miserable old git this is quite a disturbing experience. You ought to consider a more direct approach with Dee. My suggestion would be to shed your British gentlemanly persona as it's clearly holding you back. Be much more direct! Knowing Thai women, I just don't see your approach working with the vast majority of Thai women and I think being more direct will pay dividends.

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Oh, and let me tell you about the "sandbox" mode - it's a nifty feature that allows you to test everything (including payments without charging your card) before going live with your products to ensure everything is working fine. So, if you're looking for an easy-to-use, conversion-focused checkout platform with top-notch templates, SamCart is the way to go. 3. Cross-Selling Bumps Have you heard about cross-selling? It's a smart strategy that can boost your sales by offering customers related products to what they already bought. Let me break it down for you. So, imagine a customer comes to your online store and buys a shiny new car from you. Well, a cross-sell opportunity here would be to offer them car insurance or gasoline. You're giving them something that complements their purchase and enhances their overall experience. Now, you might already be familiar with this concept, but it's often referred to as bundling. 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You know how crucial it is to keep your visitors engaged and not lose them during the checkout process. With SamCart's one-page checkout, you eliminate the risk of your customers bouncing off somewhere else before completing their purchase. So, imagine how great it would be to offer different payment options, all on one checkout page, and keep your customers focused and happy. That's the beauty of SamCart! You'll wish you had it for your business just like I do. It's time to level up your checkout game and keep those visitors on your page until they click that magical "Buy Now" button! 5. A/B Testing You know what's really odd? People talk about split testing their sales pages, opt-in pages, and even email subject lines, but they hardly ever mention testing their checkout page. It's like this crucial part of the process is overlooked! But think about it - if a bunch of your potential customers are leaving your checkout page without making a purchase, wouldn't a simple split test make a big difference? I totally think so! Thankfully, SamCart has got you covered. They offer the incredible ability to run live split tests, and in the world of shopping carts, that's just mind-blowing. With SamCart, you have the freedom to change almost any setting you want for your split test. Feel like trying out a different template? Go for it! Want to test a longer guarantee or remove some fields from the form? You can do that too! It's super flexible and allows you to test any variation that tickles your fancy. Here's the best part - once you've set up your variations, SamCart automatically runs the test between them. You don't have to lift a finger; just sit back and watch the results roll in. Head over to the "AB Test" section in the product's settings, and you'll see how your variations are performing. Once you find a winner, SamCart makes it a breeze to disable the loser and focus on what's working. And remember, always wait until you have a statistically significant sample size before you draw any conclusions. So, don't miss out on the power of A/B testing your checkout page with SamCart. It could be the game-changer your business needs to boost those conversions and double your sales. 6. Subscription Saver let me tell you a story from when I first started selling subscription products online. I was pretty naive back then and thought everyone would pay on time without any issues. I mean, I always paid my bills and honored my commitments, so why wouldn't others do the same, right? But boy, was I in for a surprise! It turns out there are some real troublemakers out there in the online world. You know, those people who decline charges or cancel credit cards just to avoid making payments. It's frustrating because once they do that, your subscription income takes a hit, and it's tough to recover. But guess what? SamCart has your back! With their nifty features, your subscriptions are well-guarded against declined payments and expired credit cards. When a payment fails, SamCart automatically sends your customer an email on your behalf. The email includes a link that allows customers to update their payment information directly from their inbox. How cool is that? You won't have to spend your valuable time chasing down customers to update their payments. And if, after several tries, a customer still fails to update their payment info, no worries. SamCart takes care of it for you by automatically canceling the subscription. So, with SamCart on your side, you can say goodbye to the headache of chasing down payment issues. They've got your back and make sure your subscription income stays as secure as possible. No more wasting time on troublesome customers - let SamCart handle it for you! 7. Affiliate Centre Selling products online is awesome, and one of the best perks is having an army of affiliates to promote your stuff. The best part? You don't have to spend time promoting your products yourself or shell out money on ads. With affiliates, you only pay them when they bring in a sale for you - it's a win-win! SamCart takes care of the heavy lifting by automatically generating an Affiliate Signup page for you. This is where potential affiliates can apply to promote your products. You'll receive a link to this page, giving you the power to reach out to potential affiliates in various ways. Once a potential affiliate applies, they'll see a message that their account is "pending approval." You'll get an email notification about their application, along with buttons to approve or deny them. Of course, if you want to streamline the process, you can set it up to automatically accept affiliates. By default, SamCart offers a generous 50% affiliate commission, but guess what? You can customize this payout to your heart's desire. Maybe you prefer a flat rate commission (a set dollar amount per sale) or a specific percentage - it's all up to you. So, with SamCart's Affiliate Center, you can assemble your dream team of affiliates who will tirelessly promote your products, and you only pay them when they bring in the sales. 8. SamCart Payments let's talk about payment options! A while back, I chose Kajabi over SamCart because, well, SamCart was a bit behind on the payment options game. At that time, they only had Stripe and PayPal available. And sure, those two are super popular, but I was looking for more variety. But guess what? SamCart has finally stepped into the 21st Century and added some cool new payment options, including Apple Pay and Google Pay! Now we're talking! Mobile payments are all the rage these days, and it's great that SamCart has caught up. Okay, I'll be honest - they still don't have crypto payments, and that's a bit of a bummer. But who's checking their crypto portfolio these days anyway? I certainly haven't in months, and I bet you haven't either. So, let's take a look at the full list of payment options SamCart now offers: PayPal Stripe Google Pay Microsoft Pay (although I'm not entirely sure what that is) Apple Pay See, they've come a long way since the old days, and it's awesome to see them adapting to the changing landscape of payment methods. With these new options, you'll have more ways to accept payments, making it easier for your customers to buy from you. 9. SamCart Integrations Let's talk about SamCart integrations - they're kind of what you'd expect, nothing too mind-blowing. As I mentioned earlier, SamCart does have some limitations in terms of what it can do for your (physical) business. But fear not! Where it falls short, you can always turn to other tools and integrate them seamlessly with SamCart. Now, the thing to keep in mind is that integrating multiple tools might come with a cost - both in terms of money and potential headaches. You might end up paying more as you add more tools and managing different integrations can be a bit like duct-taping things together - not always the smoothest experience. Let's look at some key integrations that can level up your SamCart game: Digital Access Pass - for managing access to your digital products and memberships. Mailchimp - for email marketing and keeping your subscribers engaged. Klaviyo - another email marketing tool with powerful automation features. ShipStation - to streamline your shipping and fulfillment processes. Zapier - a fantastic tool that helps connect various apps and automate workflows. Keap - for CRM and business automation to help you stay organized. HubSpot - an all-in-one platform for marketing, sales, and customer service. These integrations can add new functionalities and make your life easier, but just remember to weigh the pros and cons before going all-in. Make sure the benefits outweigh the costs and potential complexities of integrating multiple tools. 10. SamCart Core E-commerce Features Let's talk about SamCart's eCommerce features - they're pretty solid for small to medium-sized businesses selling digital products online. But, I must admit, when it comes to physical products, it's a bit lacking. If you're all about FBA (Fulfillment by Amazon) or planning to offer a large catalog of physical products, I'd recommend sticking with Shopify (Free Trial Here ). Now, if you're focused on selling digital products and a few physical goodies, SamCart's got you covered! Check out these awesome features: Tax and VAT: SamCart takes away all the headaches of calculating sales tax. It automatically calculates the taxes and adds them to the price for your customers. So, if you have customers in the EU, SamCart will handle those big, disgusting, greedy VAT taxes that the government seems to love charging. You won't have to lift a finger - it's a lifesaver! Subscription options: SamCart goes above and beyond the competition (like Teachable) by offering a wide range of payment models. You can get creative with your subscriptions - free trials, $1 trials, multiple payment plans, pay what you want - the possibilities are endless! If you can dream it, you can set it up as a payment plan. Coupons and discounts: It's super straightforward - you can create one-time or recurring discounts or coupon codes for your customers during promotions. Nothing too fancy here, but it gets the job done. Flexible refunds: This is a win-win situation. If a customer is totally unhappy, you can refund everything. But if there's a chance to work things out, you can offer a partial refund. From my experience, I'd say it's better not to offer refunds for courses or eBooks. Trust me, it saves you some trouble. SamCart Pricing Breakdown Let's talk about SamCart's pricing plans - they've got three options for you to choose from: Launch plan : It's either $39 per month if you pay annually or $59 per month if you prefer monthly billing. Grow plan : This one is a bit more powerful and comes at $79 per month billed annually or $119 per month billed monthly. Scale plan : This is the big daddy of the bunch, packed with all the awesome features you could ask for. It's priced at $179 per month billed annually or $299 per month billed monthly. Now, here's the kicker - even at the Scale level, SamCart is an absolute steal considering all the amazing features they offer. However, I've noticed that the Grow plan is more than enough for many online entrepreneurs. Here's a money-saving tip: If you want to cut some costs, go for the annual payment option - they'll give you a nice discount for that. And here's the best part - if for any reason it doesn't live up to your expectations (though I doubt that'll happen), you can simply say goodbye and cancel. No hard feelings. They even offer a 30-day 100% money-back guarantee, so the risk is pretty much nonexistent. According to SamCart, their average sellers make up to 5 times more than those using other platforms. So, really, what do you have to lose? Give it a shot, and I'm pretty confident you'll be amazed at what SamCart can do for your online business. [sspostsincat category="mkw"] Next Post … Previous Post

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Sioux Falls in undoubtedly one of the more underrated cities in the United State’s midwest. It doesn’t help that the city’s state, South Dakota, is somewhat out of the way and not often associated with tourism and holiday, barring trips to Mount Rushmore. However, this really works in the small city’s favor. This far north, you’ll find that the landscape is brimming with life, with your surroundings looking like they’ve come straight out of an old frontier adventure novel. Some of the best things to do in Sioux Falls, SD are outdoors and adventure orientated, in and amongst the pines. Whether you’re looking for historical or unique things to do in Sioux Falls, we’ve compiled a list of some of its best activities. So, pack your hiking gear, prep your history books, and come with us on an adventure to South Dakota’s hidden gem. Unlock Our GREATEST Travel Secrets! Sign up for our newsletter and get the best travel tips delivered right to your inbox. - Top Things to Do in Sioux Falls - Unusual Things to Do in Sioux Falls - Safety in Sioux Falls - Things to do in Sioux Falls at Night - Where to Stay in Sioux Falls - Romantic Things to Do in Sioux Falls - Best Free Things to Do in Sioux Falls - Things to Do with Kids in Sioux Falls - Day Trips from Sioux Falls - 3 Day Sioux Falls Itinerary - FAQ on Things to Do in Sioux Falls Top Things to Do in Sioux Falls Scratch beneath the surface of this under-appreciated state and there are definitely some unmissable things to do in Sioux Falls that you just have to try out. The pristine landscapes take on a different quality every season, and there’s a lot to be learned from the region’s rural, salt-of-the-earth past. A visit to Fall Park is one of the most unmissable things to do in Sioux Falls. The city gets its name from the iconic waterfall it was built around, flowing from the Big Sioux River. Fall Park hosts a modern observation deck, a visitor’s center, and the historic Queen Bee Mill. It’s the perfect location to learn about the city’s history as a quartzite refiner and supplier! In 1881, the Queen Bee Mill was constructed as one of the first major industrial tools in the area! Since its closure, it has stood testament to the historic industrial processes the city was once known for. Sioux Falls not only boasts a deep history, but it also holds many culinary delights. We’re talking about brisket, mince, and fine meats. Every Saturday, you can take a food-themed trip around the city. Probably one of the best things to do in downtown Sioux Falls if you’re looking for a good blend of history and food. Walk the town and learn about its famous history. Pass landmarks, monuments, and museums, gaining all the insight you could ever want to know about the area. All the while enjoying some of the best bites South Dakota has to offer! Cutting through South Dakota, the Big Sioux River has been a vital location for settlements as well as battles throughout its history. It’s one of the most iconic natural landmarks in the area! In the Sioux Falls area, the river flows mainly through Good Earth State Park and is a welcome companion on hikes and explorations. Within the park, you’ll find the Blood Run Site, a traditional Native American settlement dating back nearly 8,500 years! At the nearby visitor’s center, you can learn all about the Native American Cultures that settled there and how they impacted the land. The Washington Pavilion has been open since 1999 and is the hub of all things cultural in Sioux Falls. It boasts an art gallery, a museum, a theatre, and a concert hall. The Kirby Science Discovery Center is home to some of the best fossils you will ever see, with “Stan” the T-rex skeleton being a prize exhibit. The Visual Arts Center, in comparison, boasts a wide variety of tribal and regional pieces. If you can, try to catch a production at The Pavilion. From opera, broadway productions, and concerts, to listening to the South Dakota Symphony, it’ll be well worth your time! 5 – Wonder at Sioux Falls’ Mighty Cathedral What was originally a small wooden building in 1881 has now become one of the crowning jewels of the region! The Cathedral of St. Joseph is a marvel to behold from both outside and within. The Catholic church has a beautiful four-pillared, free-standing altar that was designed to resemble the one in St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome! You’ll also find detailed french stained windows and a stunning mural adorning the roof above the altar. If art, architecture, and culture are passions of yours, a visit to St. Josephs’ will be worth a stop. What was once the largest courthouse from Denver to Chicago, is now a monument to the early settlers of Siouxland. One of the most popular Siouxland Heritage Museums, the Old Courthouse Museum is a great spot for those wanting to brush up on their South Dakotan history. Inside, there are depictions from the early days of Sioux Falls, as well as written accounts. We’d suggest a pause at the 16 large murals adorning the hallway walls. Designed by Norwegian immigrant Ole Running, the designs make for striking imagery. Wanna know how to pack like a pro? Well for a start you need the right gear…. These are packing cubes for the globetrotters and compression sacks for the real adventurers – these babies are a traveller’s best kept secret. They organise yo’ packing and minimise volume too so you can pack MORE. Or, y’know… you can stick to just chucking it all in your backpack…Get Yours Here Read Our Review Unusual Things to Do in Sioux Falls Here are a few more unique things you could consider doing here, should you be looking for something out of the ordinary. SculptureWalk is one of the most popular things to do in Sioux Falls. A constant attraction, it boasts an ever-changing roster of hand-made, uniquely designed, artsy sculptures year-round! It can be found in the downtown area, near to the Washington Pavilion. Walking along the route, you’ll admire the 55 entries. You’ll also have the opportunity to be one of the judges for the “People’s Choice Award”, determining whose sculpture is the best. By the end of September, a winner is chosen to join the Ark of Dreams as one of the many landmarks that adorn the city. So, why not join the fun? Walk into a scene from Neverland at the Butterfly House. Boasting over 800 free-flying butterflies of all varieties, you won’t believe the colors on show here! Not only is the butterfly house a beautifully natural attraction, but just next door is the South Dakota Aquarium too! You’ll get an opportunity to touch sharks and stingrays, swim in the Pacific Tidal Pool, and learn about coral reefs and aquatic creatures. Sioux Falls boasts the only saltwater aquarium in the entire state! And, along with its Butterfly House, it’s sure to be one of the best Sioux Falls activities you’ll do with the family. EROS, as it’s commonly known, is home to one of the United States’ more prominent geological research center. This is the only center in the entire country built to handle Landsat satellite data. Sioux Falls was chosen from a list of selected areas characterized by limited air and radio interference. As well as constant satellite uplink, and falling within an elliptical area between Topeka and Kansa. Today, you can visit the center and see it in full operation, processing and managing data from all across the globe. Sioux Falls’ very own international station! Safety in Sioux Falls According to crime statistics, the city boasts one of the lowest crime rates across America. For a city its size, its remarkable how little an issue violent and non-violent crime is here. Downtown and Northside are two less-frequented areas of the city at night, and so it’s best not to travel here alone. Also be mindful and alert in busy places, as you would anywhere else. But in truth, nowhere here is earnestly “bad”. Whether it be its well-trained and ever-present police force or its community-centered approach, there’s a strong emphasis on safe and clean living! Check out our roundup of the best travel insurance. Stash your cash safely with this money belt. It will keep your valuables safely concealed, no matter where you go. It looks exactly like a normal belt except for a SECRET interior pocket perfectly designed to hide a wad of cash, a passport photocopy or anything else you may wish to hide. Never get caught with your pants down again! (Unless you want to…)Hide Yo’ Money! Things to do in Sioux Falls at Night Here are a few essential things to do in Sioux Falls, SD, after dark, from craft beers to baseball games. 10 – Try the Famous Craft Beers of Sioux Falls The city’s brewing scene has grown rapidly in recent times! This year alone, six new breweries opened up in the city, all sporting a unique craft beer for the people to sample. Bar hopping isn’t new to the locals, but being able to frequent a local brewery sporting some new craft labels just makes it sweeter. The beer tasting scene has become very localized. Put simply, people enjoy supporting local rather than interstate. If you’re going to head out for the night, look at starting your evening at Monk’s and going from there! 11 – Catch a Baseball Game at The Bird Cage Sioux Falls Stadium, locally known as “The Bird Cage” and home to the Canaries, is one of the oldest ballparks on the American circuit (51 years)! It may not be the biggest or flashiest stadium you’ve ever been to, but its fans are passionate and its team loyal! Who doesn’t love a baseball game, hot dog in hand, cheering for the local underdogs? If you can, try grabbing a ticket for the evening fixtures. Not many things beat the local team playing with everyone packed in. The atmosphere can be awesome! Definitely one of the more essential things to do in Sioux Falls. Where to Stay in Sioux Falls Whether you’re looking for budget hostels, affordable hotels or unique South Dakota cabins, these are the best places to stay in Sioux Falls. Best Airbnb in Downtown Sioux Falls – Downtown Resting Place This guest lodge is great for those looking to find a comfortable place convenient to all the local attractions. It comes with one kingsize bed and one sofa bed, a fully stocked kitchenette, and an outdoor patio. It is within walking distance to a grocery store, as well as the Sanford and Avera Medical Center. Best Hotel in Sioux Falls – Country Inn & Suites This hotel offers the best location and amenities. Being near to attractions such as Fall Park, Delbridge Museum, as well as the ever-popular Phillips Avenue. If making use of the hotel’s facilities is your goal, you’ll have a pool, the Falls Landing restaurant and free wifi to keep you busy. With a flat-screen cable TV in your room, you won’t be bored, that’s for sure! Romantic Things to Do in Sioux Falls If you’re lucky enough to be traveling with your partner or significant other, then fear not, you’ll find plenty of activities in Sioux Falls to suit every mood. Whether it’s a quiet dinner with a serene view, or a secluded stroll through the prairies, there’s something to suit every mood. Let’s take a look at some of the best things to do for couples in Sioux Falls. Fall Park is undoubtedly one of the area’s most prominent features, with most visitors to the city starting their explorations here. One of the best activities for couples is to do in the area is to have dinner at the Overlook Cafe. As the sun sets over the city, you’ll have an unobstructed view of falls as they change color with the changing of the evening. The building itself is also very interesting, being an old hydroelectric station, souped-up into a comfortable dining experience. Perch yourself at one of the best restaurants-with-a-view Sioux Falls has to offer! 13 – Have a Picnic at the Big Sioux Recreation Area It’s unsurprising that the Big Sioux River is ever-present in many of the attractions here. However, the Recreation Area is definitely one of the more popular things to do in Sioux Falls. Take a stroll with your partner amongst the trees as you look for a favorable place to set up your picnic. The sites, sounds, and smells set a relaxing mood, perfect for an intimate luncheon under the trees. The park offers some awesome things to do if you’re looking to be adventurous during your visit. Archery, birdwatching, camping in the thicket, or kayaking are all on offer! To find out why I recommend World Nomads, check out my World Nomads Insurance review. Best Free Things to Do in Sioux Falls One of the best qualities of the city is that many of its sites don’t need money to enjoy. Here are a couple of things to do in Sioux Falls on a budget. 14 – Explore One Of the Most Decorated Ship in US Navy History During WWII, the U.S.S. South Dakota Battleship was lead to a pod of South Dakota-class battleships. Launched in 1941, it was involved in over ten battles and is one of the most decorated war vessels ever in the US Navy. After its decommissioning in 1947, the ship was broken up to be used for scrap metal. Today, you can find some of the ship’s parts at the South Dakota Battleship Memorial, in memory of its service. Although landlocked in the midwest, you’ll be surprised at how well the memorial site conveys not only the physical size of the ship but also its sizable history! 15 – Stroll Through the Iconic Terrace Park Terrace Park is one of the most popular things to do in Sioux Falls for locals. There’s just so many activities to do here! You could start by taking a stroll through its majestic Japanese Garden, with its ornate arches and trimmed hedges. You can then wander on the banks of Covell Lake, enjoying the sounds of water lapping onto the shore. You’ll find picnic shelters, play areas, basketball courts, an aquatic center, and an amphitheater. Definitely, one not to be missed, especially in the summer months. Books to Read in Sioux Falls Sometimes a Great Notion – A tale of a hardheaded Oregonian logging family that goes on strike, leading the town to drama and tragedy. Written by PNW legend, Ken Kesey. Walden – The transcendental masterpiece by Henry David Thoreau that helped modern Americans rediscover nature and her beauty. To Have and To Have Not – A family man gets involved with the drug smuggling business in the Key West and ends up in a strange affair. Written by the great Ernest Hemingway. Our GREATEST Travel Secrets… Pop your email here & get the original Broke Backpacker Bible for FREE. Things to Do with Kids in Sioux Falls If you find yourself walking the city needing to entertain your kiddies, not to worry! Here a few things to do in Sioux Falls with kids, sure to help them enjoy their stay here. 16 – Take Part in Camping and Survival Classes Summertime in Sioux Falls offers you and your kids a great opportunity: a visit to the Outdoor Campus! Your kids will love the hands-on approach this museum takes when showcasing its exhibits. Not only do they get to see the various camping styles and equipment, but they can also take part. Classes are held to teach camping, fishing, archery and more! Your kids can spend a couple of hours enjoying the equipment and their imagination. There’s also an aquarium as well as a few local reptiles to meet! 17 – Go for a Swim at the Waterpark Voted the number one Sioux Falls’ thing to do for fun, the Wild Water West Waterpark is loaded with activities suited for the whole family! Its primary attraction is undoubtedly the only wave pool in all of South Dakota. On top of this, you have the swim-up bar, bumper boats, and water rides to enjoy, as well as few land-based activities. There’s paintball, go-karting, miniature golf, sand volleyball, and a tornado alley! You could honestly get lost in all the activities, so make sure to keep your head. The last thing you want is to be a part of a wave pool moshpit! Day Trips from Sioux Falls If you’ve found that you’re able to spend some time away from the city itself, here are day trip activities you could make the most of. Visit Yankton’s Lakota Cultural Centre Offering some of the most authentic experiences of the Native American tribes, Yankton is a cultural hub of folklore and tradition. It’s perfect for those looking to increase their understanding of Native American culture. The center is designed to represent the Lakota culture and traditions, as a way to preserve their most important practices. Art, music, history and religious beliefs are all explored here! The Center is the best place to start your journey, as you explore the rest of Yankton with your newly acquired perspective and understanding! Yankton is more than just its learning center and is worth the effort to see. Take a step backward in time at Ingalls Homestead, a living home on the prairie. Go back to when life was simpler, hours were spent in the fields, and a day’s work was all about churning the soil. The homestead wants you to interact with its wares. It wants you to get involved with and be a part of the scenery. You’ll ride a horse-pulled wagon, make your own corncob doll, and learn about the daily routine that people got up to back in the day. You’ll also get to see what a traditional prairie school looks like! Finally, if you get the chance, you have to camp out on the prairie! You can camp in your own tent or RV, or you can rent an old fashioned covered wagon. A night out on the prairie is truly unforgettable! One word: stars. Drink water from ANYWHERE. The Grayl Geopress is the worlds leading filtered water bottle protecting you from all manner of waterborne nasties. Single-use plastic bottles are a MASSIVE threat to marine life. Be a part of the solution and travel with a filter water bottle. Save money and the environment! We’ve tested the Geopress rigorously from the icy heights of Pakistan to the tropical jungles of Bali, and can confirm: it’s the best water bottle you’ll ever buy!View on REI Read the Review 3 Day Sioux Falls Itinerary If you find yourself with more time to spend in the city, you’re going to need a solid plan of action to make good use of your time. Below we’ve come up with a nifty 3-day itinerary for you to make use of. Day 1 – Main Attractions of the City Falls Park will always be the first thing to do when you arrive in town. Sioux Falls is not only named after it, but the entire city was basically built around it! You can spend a good amount of time here, wandering the park and exploring its attractions. From there, a walk to the nearby cathedral is a must. This giant building is filled with stunning murals and beautiful designs. You’ll also learn more about the city’s illustrious history. Finally, for the late afternoon, we’d recommend you spend a good amount of time strolling Phillips Avenue and the awesome SculpturesWalk. With restaurants, shops, and sculptors to rate, you’ll be finishing your day off on a high. Day 2 – Get In Touch with the Locals Your second day in Sioux Falls is all about getting out and seeing what the locals like to get up to. You’ll start your day by heading to the Wild Water West Waterworld. One could literally spend the entire day here if they could, but we think a morning would suffice. More than enough time to explore its many attractions! After enjoying lunch inside the park, take a short walk to the nearby Washington Pavilion for a wander around its theatres and galleries. The Pavilion is known for its cultural and public exhibits and is also a great spot to relax. For late afternoon, how better to finish your day than to explore the famous Butterfly House and Aquarium. With the sun setting, you can finish your day touching sharks and admiring over 800 butterflies! Day 3 – Out and About in the Wilderness Your last day in Sioux Falls is all about experiencing its well-known outdoor hiking areas. And, how better to prepare for such a day than by getting a class on surviving the outdoors at the Outdoor Campus. Here, you can explore the various types of exhibits they have on offer. From tent designs and camping history to reptiles and classes on fishing and hunting. Outdoor Campus is a great place to start your next activity: a walk through the Big Sioux River Recreation Trail and Greenway. Spend the rest of your day strolling through the wilderness, amongst the trees, and hugging the famous river. You’ll see wildlife, go bird watching, you can fish, picnic or simply climb to the highest hill. You’ll get to finish your trip seeing this beautiful city you’ve come to enjoy, from a stunning 360-degree hilltop view! Don’t forget your travel insurance for Sioux Falls ALWAYS sort out your backpacker insurance before your trip. There’s plenty to choose from in that department, but a good place to start is Safety Wing. They offer month-to-month payments, no lock-in contracts, and require absolutely no itineraries: that’s the exact kind of insurance long-term travellers and digital nomads need. SafetyWing is cheap, easy, and admin-free: just sign up lickety-split so you can get back to it! Click the button below to learn more about SafetyWing’s setup or read our insider review for the full tasty scoop. FAQ on Things to Do in Sioux Falls Here are some quick answers to common questions about what to do and see in Sioux Falls. Sioux Falls, South Dakota, has recently become a bit of fly-by town, mainly due to not many people knowing too much about it. We hope to have changed that perception! There really are a lot of non-touristy things to do in Sioux Falls, from the Falls themselves to the beautiful landscape that surrounds the city. You’re spoilt when it comes to experiencing a community that cares about its visitors. You’ll always get an authentic, community-driven experience from locals. Irrespective of whether you’re swimming at Wild Water West, or learning about the famous USS South Dakota’s prestigious record. The locals are proud to share their heritage! And for transparency’s sake, please know that some of the links in our content are affiliate links. That means that if you book your accommodation, buy your gear, or sort your insurance through our link, we earn a small commission (at no extra cost to you). That said, we only link to the gear we trust and never recommend services we don’t believe are up to scratch. Again, thank you!

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4 Week India Road Trip- Volunteer and Travel Fancy visiting 4 distinct states of India in one month? This Eco-tourism travel project could be the ultimate road trip for you. You’ll be taking in the experiences on offer across five very different regions of exotic India! Travel from the base of the Himalayas to the picturesque beaches of Goa taking in magnificent sights from the Taj Mahal, to the hot springs of Shimla. Spending a night in a desert in Rajasthan, travelling to the home of the Dalai Lama, trekking through forests, riding camels, exploring palaces, forts and temples and visiting world heritage sites, you will experience India in the fullest way. From its depth of culture to its sensational cuisine, your experiences will be vast as you travel on this environmentally friendly program. Included in the Road Trip are a variety of opportunities to participate in volunteer projects where you’ll be working alongside local people to renovate community schools and take part in environmental work. Your adventure is split into 3 blocks, the first 8 days takes place in Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and Agra, the second 8 days in Rajasthan, Udaipur and Mumbai and the last 10 days in Goa. Beginning your road trip in New Delhi, the capital city, you will have an introductory meeting where you will meet the people associated with the project and begin to acquaint yourself with Indian life. From New Delhi, you will travel to Shimla to embark on a two-day trek reaching heights of 3100 metres. As part of this adventurous journey, you will also visit Thattapani Hot Springs, Shimla City and Dharamasala. In this home of the Dalai Lama, you will experience Tibetan culture within India and visit a temple and fort. Returning to Delhi after your trek, you will have a day of sight-seeing and immersing yourself in the culture of this marvellous city. While at the city you can enjoy an array of culturally and historically important sites, as well as taking in the unique and distinct characteristics of the multitude of cultures alive in the city as people from all over India are drawn there to visit the capital city. Finally, you will visit the Taj Mahal, a unique jewel of India, this testimony to true love standing within a marble mausoleum will leave you with an everlasting impression, confirming its place as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. The second part of your trip begins in Rajasthan with the majority of your time spent in Udaipur, “the city of lakes”. In this magical setting you will witness incredible sunsets from the monsoon palace, enjoy a boat ride on the Pichola lake, take a cooking lesson in Rajasthani cuisine and watch a Bollywood movie. As if those experiences aren’t good enough, the icing on the cake is a camel ride into the desert where you will spend the night under the starlit sky. Finishing off your visit to India, the third part takes place in Goa – a city dubbed as one of the top tourist destinations in India. Travelling in the warm climate down to the pristine sandy beaches, you will enjoy a sensational cuisine and be welcomed by friendly locals. Formerly a capital of Portuguese India, it is acknowledged as a UNESCO world heritage site as a result of its quantity, and quality of Churches and Cathedrals. As part of your trip you will also visit a spice plantation, a fort and take in the sights at some local markets. With a range of volunteering projects taking place in the vicinity, you will spend time taking part in a project which could involve working in a community school, orphanage, women’s shelter, elderly care centre or on an environmental project. - Airport transfers as per the policy – Airport Pickup in New Delhi - Presence of a dedicated program coordinator throughout your travel, at the projects and facilities- Logistical management support in case of emergencies - Authentic Indian meals and European (breakfast, lunch, dinner) for the duration of the entire program as per the meal plan – Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner - Accommodation at hotels, home stays, and at our accommodation facility – Shared accommodation. - Local transportation to all venues - Entry fees to all places - Extensive pre-departure information - Personal expenses such as table drinks, room service items, laundry, telephone calls, tips, portage at hotels or airport, bottles of water during your road travel etc. - Any additional expenses caused by or liability for disturbance in trip program due to circumstances, weather conditions, sickness, natural disasters, riots etc. - Liability for or insurance against injury, loss of life, accidents or loss of goods. - Our program does not cover any liability and does not insure participants. - Participants must have appropriate insurance before joining the program. - Any camera fee where applicable. - Any service not specified above Aims & Objectives The aim of this program is to bring you closer to the authentic India. Through different projects and activities, you will get to truly immerse yourself in the culture, customs and lifestyle. Week 1: Delhi, Shimla & Dharamsala Day 1: Monday Travel from Delhi to Shimla: Soon after your arrival and overnight stay at New Delhi on Sunday. On Monday morning, your first day in India, hop into a UNESCO heritage train ride to Shimla. On this vibrant train journey, observe the beautiful and ever changing Indian landscape, regular day to day life on the streets, and finally a 5 hours ride into the amazing Himalayan mountain landscape. After reaching Shimla, you will check into a guesthouse located with a great view of Shimla. New Delhi to Shimla – Train (Air conditioned with recliner seats Delhi to Kalka, Toy Train Kalka to Shimla) Travel Time: 10 hours travel time Distance 370 km Day 2: Tuesday The day begins early with an orientation session with our tour leader. This session also includes briefing on aspects such as culture, safety and health precautionary measures, transportation, money, etc. Visit the famous monkey temple also called as “Hanuman Temple” which is situated atop a hill, it is a 30 minute uphill walk and brings you to the highest point of Shimla city set at 2250 mts. Spend your afternoon, soaking into the views of the beautiful hill town, visit the local market and get acclimatized to the Himalayan environment. Late afternoon, we proceed for a 2 hour bus ride deeper into the misty mountains of the Himalayas for an overnight stay at a local himalayan village. A local family in the mountains will host you for the night. Carry an extra set of clothes and drinking water in a light backpack. The tour leader will arrange for you to leave your bigger backpacks that you may be travelling with at a safe place from where you can collect them after the hike. Day 3: Wednesday Take a hike into the Himalayan mountains which is also quite a challenging element of your trip which culminates atop a hill at 3100 meters offering an amazing picturesque view of the Himalayan ranges. You will rest here while having your lunch in the ambience of the outdoor himalayan setup. Head back down to the village and drive back to Shimla, overnight stay at a guesthouse at Shimla. The coordinator will help you get safe drinking water at the start of the trek. Packed lunch will be provided during the trek. The trek through the mountains will be approximately 7 hours long. Trek Distance: 7 Km Trek Difficulty Level 2 – Uphill and downhill Altitude: Approximately 3100 meters Terrain: Rocky, gravel, river crossing and winding tracks. Duration of Trek: 7 hours. Day 4: Thursday Our tour leader will take you on a beautiful heritage walk through the Deodar forests to visit historical monuments and temples. In the afternoon, you will take a bus to Dharamshala, the abode of Buddhist monks. Arrive late in the night at Dharamshala and check into a cozy hotel for a night’s stay in Dharamshala. Shimla to Dharamshala Bus ride: 9 hours Day 5: Friday Dharamshala – Experience Tibetan culture, visit the traditional Tibetan market. After a relaxed breakfast, visit McLeod Ganj and walk into the beautiful Buddhist monastery and go on a 20 minute walk to a wonderful waterfall located in the mountains. Your walk through the markets will give you an insight into traditional Buddhist shops selling various interesting traditional ornaments and cultural clothing. The evening will be spent around McLeod Ganj and treat yourself for a traditional Tibetan dinner. Night stay in Dharamshala. Day 6: Saturday Today begins with an early breakfast, after which you will travel by bus to Amritsar. After arrival at Amritsar and check into a hotel to refresh. In the evening, visit the charismatic Golden temple of Amritsar to get a splendid view of the temple at sunset. The Golden Temple is the most prominent heritage site that has made an impact in the world. Overnight stay at Amritsar. Day 7: Sunday Travel to Agra Today you will have an early start, you will take the morning train from Amritsar to Agra. Arrive in the evening at Agra and check into a hotel just next to the Taj Mahal. This evening you can choose to explore a bit of Agra on your own or just choose to relax for the evening. Train journey by the famous Indian railways : 11 hours, A/C sleeper coaches Week 2: Agra & Rajasthan Day 8: Monday Taj Mahal (Agra) The highlight of the India Road Trip is today, witnessing one of the Seven Wonders of the World – The Taj Mahal. Visit the Taj Mahal at sunrise and spend the day by the river Yamuna to marvel at its beautiful architecture and its surroundings. Later in the evening, hop into an overnight train to Udaipur, “the city of lakes” in Rajasthan. Agra to Udaipur (Air conditioned Indian Railways) Day 9: Tuesday Experience Rajasthan – Udaipur “the city of lakes”. While in Udaipur, you will be hosted at our house. Fans of The Jungle Book and James Bond films may recognize Udaipur as the birthplace of Bagheera and the location for the Roger Moore starrer Octopussy. Spend the next 2 days visiting India’s second largest state, visit the beautifully architectured palace, enjoy a boat ride in lake Pichola, and watch a traditional Rajasthani dance and music concert. Overnight stay in Udaipur. Day 10: Wednesday Your day will begin with a relaxed morning. Shop at the local markets for vegetable for Indian authentic culinary class to sharpen your cooking skills. After lunch, you will proceed to visit a model desert village setup called Shilpgram where you will witness traditional Rajasthani art and handicraft shops and music. A nice spread of Indian dinner awaits you back at our centre. Overnight stay in Udaipur. Day 11: Thursday Today, you will go on a temple tour in the morning. Visit the beautiful sculptured 8th and 10th century ancient temples on the outskirts of Udaipur. You will return back to our centre and then in the evening you will take an overnight bus to Jaisalmer which is approximately 12 hrs for the next highlight of our trip – The Desert experience. Day 12: Friday “The experience of a lifetime” camping in the Desert. Once in Jaisalmer, you will have a bit of time to refresh at the guest house. You will then go on a sightseeing tour of Jaisalmer to a 11th century fort and then take a jeep safari and a camel ride deeper into the Thar desert, where you will stay for the night. Please remember to pack your sleeping bags and water bottles for this part of the trip. Our tour leader will inform you of anything else that may be necessary. Tonight you will camp in the desert under the stars. Overnight stay in the desert which is guaranteed to be one of your most memorable moments in your life. Day 13: Saturday You will return from the desert to the guest house and spend time in the city of Jaisalmer, visiting a beautiful authentic Haveli and a lake which is considered to be the largest in Jaisalmer and other tourist attractions. Later this evening, you will take an overnight bus back to Udaipur. Udaipur to Jaisalmer to Udaipur – (Air conditioned sleeper bus) Day 14: Sunday Arrive at our Udaipur centre and relax. There are no activities scheduled for the morning. You will have the entire morning to yourself and in the evening watch a Bollywood movie at the centre. Overnight stay in Udaipur. Week 3: Udaipur & Goa Day 15: Monday You will spend the entire morning for yourselves and go out for shopping into the city of Udaipur. You will then take an overnight bus to Mumbai. Udaipur to Mumbai – Bus (Comfortable air conditioned bus) Day 16: Tuesday After arriving at Mumbai early in the morning, you will be taken to the guest house to freshen up. Visit Bollywood film city and popular streets of Mumbai. In the evening, spend the sunset at the famous marine drive just as the locals regularly do. Overnight stay in Mumbai. Day 17: Wednesday After breakfast, visit the Gateway of India and go on a boat ride into the Arabian sea to visit the ancient Elephanta caves. A good Indian lunch will be provided at the island. Return to main land and spend the remaining part of the day exploring the sights of Mumbai. Overnight stay at Mumbai. Day 18: Thursday Today, you will take take an early morning superfast train to Goa. Arrive in Goa before noon. Check into our house where you will be hosted for the remaining days of your travel. Once at our centre in the afternoon, after a good Goan lunch, you can relax and freshen up and meet other participants at the house. Our project coordinator will brief you on the activities scheduled for your days in Goa. After dinner, you will be taken to the famous beach of Anjuna, where you can spend your time at the beach. Overnight stay at our centre in Goa. Day 19: Friday Explore the rich history and impressive architecture of Old Goa, the former colonial capital of the state. The convents and churches are stunning, and the area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Be sure to visit the Basilica of Bom Jesus, which contains the relics of St Francis Xavier. Visit the interesting spice plantations and get to know about various Indian spices, how they are grown before reaching your kitchens. After a sumptuous lunch at the plantation, spend some time at the plantation and on the way back visit a small but yet beautiful waterfall. Later in the evening, take time out on your own. Overnight stay in Goa. Day 20: Saturday Today, experience learning a few yoga postures and experience an authentic ayurvedic massage to relax your body. After lunch at our centre, spend your time at one of the beautiful beaches of Goa to return to the centre for dinner. Overnight stay in Goa. Goa – Sightseeing (our jeeps and cars) Day 21: Sunday This is a day off and you are free to spend it on the beach or spend time with other participants at the centre. Overnight stay in Goa. Week 4: Community engagement week in Goa Day 22-26: Monday to Friday During this week, participate at our community engagement program which consists of many projects such as the one for women’s empowerment, the community school, a renovation project, animal shelter or even to interact with senior citizens at an old aged home. The choice will be yours to suite yourself into a project to become a part of an ever expanding community. During the second half of the day spend educative and quality time with migratory children at our outreach program. Overnight stay in Goa. Day 27: Saturday On this day you can go out shopping and get ready for your departure. Overnight stay in Goa. Day 28: Sunday A Few things to consider while you are with us - Requested to be back at the centre or guest houses by 22:30 everyday - Participants will not be entertained to hire any vehicles on their own - Consumption of alcohol are strictly prohibited at all our Centres - Respect and adhere to our code of conduct - Our staff are there to support you and to guide you and make your trip memorable, we request you to kindly follow their instructions at all times. - You will not be allowed to bring outsiders inside our centres, guest houses or hotels - Please provide your mobile phone number during the time of booking, as this will be useful for us to contact you at the Delhi Airport as this is quite a crowded airport, and we would not want to lose you! Mode of transportation could change due to unavoidable circumstances This schedule can be changed and/or amended depending on weather conditions, local conditions and unforeseen circumstances. Your departure can be planned either on Sunday (28th Day) from Dabolim Airport in Goa. If you choose to travel further in India on your own or have various other plans after completing your trip with us, we request you to kindly check out on Sunday (28th Day) This route takes you from Delhi to Shimla and then we head north towards Dharamshala. We travel down again to Delhi and Agra and move further to the Western India state of Rajasthan. Then we head down south to Mumbai and finally into Goa. Shimla, the capital of Himachal Pradesh which translated means ‘The Land of snowy mountains’ is situated 2,205 metres (7,234 ft.) above sea level. The city is adorned with forests of pine, rhododendron and oak and is infamous for the monkeys that frequent it. Blessed with warm flowery summers and snowy winters, it was declared the summer capital of the British Rule in India in 1864. The city is famous for its Tudor and Neo-gothic architecture styles which date from the colonial era. However this does not rob it of its ‘Indianness’ as local markets and street vendors are present everywhere. Shimla is home to Asia’s only natural ice skating rink. The handicraft of this area in the form of weaving, embroidery and regional jewelry is renowned not only throughout India, but the world over. Due to its pleasant climate, it attracts a favourable blend of Indian and International tourists throughout the year. Udaipur, commonly called the Venice of the East and nicknamed ‘the city of lakes’ is located in the princely state of Rajasthan. Primarily known for its art and architecture, it has temples dating as far back as 950 AD and palaces dating back to the Rajput era. The Lake Palace (Jag Niwas) located in the middle of Pichola Lake is an architectural and cultural marvel. The grand City Palace on the banks of the lake along with the Monsoon Palace (Sajjan Garh) on the hill above enhances the beauty of this magnificent city. Udaipur is also the centre for performing arts, crafts and its famed miniature paintings. Goa in south-west India enjoys a warm and humid climate throughout the year. It is known the world over for its pristine beaches, delectable cuisine, laid back lifestyle and it’s warm and friendly people. Consistently ranked among India’s top tourist destinations, it is the ideal place for first time travelers and adventurers alike to acclimatize to a different culture. From caves behind waterfalls to villages hidden in sandy coconut forests, there is always something more waiting to be rediscovered. The mountain ranges and spice plantations enhance the beauty of this glorious state. Apart from its natural beauty, this former capital of Portuguese India and home to various UNESCO World Heritage sites has a lot to offer in terms of architecture with churches, cathedrals and forts abounding. Put together, it is all of these aspects and more that make Goa the ultimate travel destination. Accommodation & Food Along the route you will have overnight stays in hotels/guest houses, busses and trains.The accommodation is standard with 2-6 people per room on a gender basis. The meals are a mix of Western and Indian food, consisting mainly of vegetarian dishes including rice and vegetables. Along the route – but not at all times – there are ATMs and small local stores. Please make sure you have enough money with you before starting the trip. Trip Country Info Capital: New Delhi Language: Hindi, English and 22 other officially recognized languages Currency: Indian Rupee (INR) Time zone: UTC +5:30 India is known for its pyramid-like temples, its colorful streets and it’s crowded cities. This country represents one of the most vivid and the largest cultures in the world. From the golden triangle of Delhi, Jaipur and Agra to the coast where Ayurveda medicine was born, India offers a 360 degree journey through the most magical of lands. Known for being the second most populated country in the world, India will show you the faces of thousands of Hindu gods in its very vast collection of temples all throughout the country. The land of colors and smiles is ready to take you on your next adventure whether road tripping or helping out in local communities, this sub-continent will amaze your senses. India will shift the way you see the world. India’s literacy rate is around 60% for women and 80% for men. The principal language is Hindi and English is also commonly used in all major cities. New Delhi, the capital of India, is what many would call the real deal when travelling through the country. It is one of the biggest and most populated cities in the whole world with up to 25 million citizens. New Delhi is known for its amazing cuisine and its new modality of “street food”, which means restaurants with every specialty you can imagine are available to you all throughout the city! Chennai is another of the biggest cities in India, known as the “Detroit of India” for its automobile industry. If you are looking for a quieter spot Kerala is the centre of lifestyle, art, architecture, language and literature in all of the country! Gap year programs to India are enjoyed in a country with wonderful history that dates back several thousand years. In particular, one of the most incredible historical points of India is how four separate world religions originated here – Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, and Buddhism. Beyond this, however, India has only truly been independent as a nation since 1947, just a couple years after World War 2 concluded. In that time, India has grown to be the eleventh largest economy in the world as well as the second most populous nation, second only to China. This isn’t particularly surprising when you consider that India has been an economic powerhouse for trade routes in the past, but it is very impressive to consider that India has almost reached the status of superpower over the course of 66 years. The geography of India has been a target for nature lovers for many years but is finally becoming an easy place to visit and explore for foreign tourists. With the Himalayas to the north, the desert in the centre and the luxurious beaches to the west, India has a type of climate that suits the desires of just about anyone. Even if you have a soft spot for snow, you can easily embrace that love by visiting some of the northern mountains which are nearly always capped in snow and ice! With thousands of years of history and an incredibly diverse climate, India is not a place you can simply read about and understand. You have to visit and immerse yourself within the various Indian cultures before you get an idea of just how amazing India really is. So what are you waiting for? Get in touch now to find out more about our amazing gap year volunteer programs and holidays in India or browse the latest experiences below. Please Note TRU are not currently able to accept any volunteers in India due to the current Covid-19 pandemic. We will be sure to update you when it is safe to travel and restrictions ease in India. Participant Criteria & Requirements No requirements have been provided. No requirements have been provided. - 24/7 support in case of emergencies - Airport Pick up - English speaking coordinator What's not included - Airport drop off - Travel insurance

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https://www.truexperiencetravel.co.uk/india-roadtrip

2024-04-16T10:47:51Z

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June 15, 2007 One time I read a book called "Up the Organization", by Robert Townsend. If you're an old-timer like me, you may remember in the 1960's when car-rental company Avis ran a series of ads based on the slogan, "We're number 2, but we try harder". That happened during a period in which Townsend was CEO of Avis, and this book is about his experience. It's not a narrative. What it's about is an alternate concept of business management called "Theory Y". The book is organized as a series of one and two page essays, in alphabetic order. They're rather pithy. For instance, the article titled "Marketing" begins thusly: Fire the whole marketing department. And then it proceeds from there. I don't remember exactly which of the articles it was in, but in one of them he was writing about how you have to keep your eye on the ball and not let yourself get distracted. As an example of that, he writes about how he himself came up with what he thought was a great idea: a cut-rate car rental business, with cheaper cars and lower rates. It would run under a different brand name. He apparently didn't think it was a problem that it would effectively undercut the primary business of Avis. He says that he breathlessly explained it all to a friend of his who was of Polish extraction, and after his presentation was over, his friend sunk the whole thing with a single comment. "I don't know what you guys call that, but we Polacks call that 'pissing in the soup.'" Fansubs are a real problem for the anime industry right now in North America. We've become an important market, and the studios are beginning to factor significant North American sales of their titles into their budget calculations. However, the North American market represents a quandry for the studios. One might even say it's a dilemma. We've gotten used to getting DVDs with 3-5 episodes each selling for no more than $35, or $6-$12 per episode. We're also used to receiving DVDs with both Japanese and dubbed English soundtracks. The Japanese market is used to paying $50 or even more for 2-episode DVDs. Meanwhile, the English-language fansubbing system has gotten so efficient that the majority of Japanese shows appear online for illicit download within weeks of original broadcast. And the quality of the video, and of the translations, has gotten quite good. A typical 25-minute show will be offered as a 190 megabyte file using one of the latest video codecs, and as a result will look excellent. Some shows are being broadcast in Japan in high-def now, and those are starting to show up on the fansub circuit too. Typically the download files are about 50% bigger. So what are the choices for the studios? Let's look at them: 1. Release DVDs close to simultaneously in Japan and North America. The problem is that this will undercut the Japanese business, because Japanese fans will start importing region 1 DVDs, paying $10 per episode instead of more than $25. Or if they try to charge Americans something like what they currently charge in Japan, titles will flop. No one here is going to pay $50 for a 2-episode DVD. (Bandai is about to prove that.) 2. Release DVDs in North America after a long delay. But as the fansubbers get more efficient and the fansubbing processing and distribution bandwidth grows fatter and fatter, there's a real concern that by the time DVDs are released here a large percentage of the potential customer base will already have the show and won't buy. 3. Kiss off the North American market entirely. But they can't do that; it's already worth too much for them, even with the problems. #2 is what they actually do, mostly, and simply eat the reduced demand. But #3 is popular too. For whatever reason, there are a lot of titles that never see Region 1 release. (Magipoka, sob) Sometimes it's because they're crap, of course, and sometimes because the studios have an inflated idea of how much the licenses are worth. But fansubbing contributes to this, too. Fansubbers will respond thusly: 1. We created the market. Commercial releases of anime DVDs in North America only started happening because so many potential customers had been introduced to anime via fansubs. (Note that this includes bootleg video tapes, back in the stone age.) 2. We have a code of honor: we stop working on fansubs for a series when it gets licensed for Region 1, and once that happens we also try to discourage distribution of the episodes that were already fansubbed. There's truth to both of those arguments, but they're also both somewhat deceptive, and there's a degree of rationalization involved. #2 comes down to this: "We only steal when they refuse to sell to us." Maybe so. But it's still stealing. I'm not lily-white here; I've downloaded some fansubs myself, and I understand the temptation. ADV recently announced it had the North American license for Magikano. But the first DVD won't come out until next December, and they'll trickle out at a rate of one every other month thereafter. Since it will probably be a 4-DVD release, it won't become fully available until a year from now. About three weeks ago, I was able to download the entire series in an evening. It's on my HD right now. I haven't watched it yet, and I don't know whether I will. But I'm strongly tempted; the series concept sounds interesting. I don't know if ADV could release it any sooner, what with their staff cutbacks, but even if they could, Tokyo Kids wouldn't want them to due to the danger of undercutting their Japanese DVD sales. If they released sooner they'd make more money in North America, but potentially less in Japan, and it's probably a net loss for Tokyo Kids. I'm a practical man and I know that fansubbing isn't going to end. And maybe it's true that fansubbing created the demand that companies like ADV and Funimation now cater to with real products. But as a system engineer I know that systems scale non-linearly and you can get crossovers where you start getting negative yield. That's the problem for the fansubbers: they've coming close to the point where they could kill what they've created. Fansubbers are pissing in the soup. That needs to stop. Let's look again at fansubber rationalization #2, shall we? We have a code of honor: we stop working on fansubs for a series when it gets licensed for Region 1, and in that case we also try to discourage distribution of the episodes that were already fansubbed. The theory being that by doing this they encourage people to purchase the real DVDs when finally released. But for a variety of reasons it doesn't really work well, and the official release industry in North America is suffering because of it. What is needed is a reason (besides guilt) for fansub downloaders to pony up money for the real DVDs once they come out. So what do ADV and Funimation have to offer? Well, dubs, extras, and better resolution. Fansub fans don't care about dubs. (If they did, they wouldn't be downloading fansubs.) The extras are usually pretty minimal, and if not then they end up online pretty rapidly. And the resolution difference isn't all that great. Here's a framegrab from the second (i.e. first) fansub episode of Suzumiya Haruhi no Yuutsu: Here's the same frame from the Region 1 release of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya: It's bigger. The color is a bit better, I think; the fansub is more contrasty and I think someone was monkeying with the alpha a bit. (And for reasons I don't quite understand, the aspect ratio is different. Haruhi's face is fatter in the fansub.) The DVD isn't really all that much better than the fansub. And that's the problem: absent strange gimmicks (e.g. including panties in a boxed set of Najica Blitz Tactics) there isn't really all that much of an incentive for fansub downloaders to pay for DVDs once they become available. There is something that fansubbers could do about this. It would be easy. All they have to do is to reduce the resolution of their fansubs. That would have the added benefit of reducing filesize. And it would give fansub downloaders considerable incentive to purchase licensed DVDs once they become available. The fansub was released with a resolution of 640*360. If it had been 480*270 it would have looked like this: Definitely legible -- but definitely considerably less desirable than the 720*405 of the DVD release. [Side note: the native size of a DVD frame is 720*480. If the show is "full-screen" then it should be resized to 640*480. If it is widescreen as is the case for this particular show, then either you reduce it to 720*405 or you blow it up to 853*480. I've found that 720*405 is more satisfactory. Any time you expand an image it becomes blurry, and the fansub 640*360 would actually be considerably better than an 853*480 DVD image because it would be sharper and cleaner.] Unfortunately, it's a simple idea that would be very effective. And it won't happen, because of competition inside the fansub community. It's not uncommon for a popular title to be done by two groups or even more, as I understand it, and if one group reduces its resolution then it makes its product (ahem) less desirable than a competing one which is higher resolution. Which means that fansubbing is a classic example of the tragedy of the commons. A large number of independent decision makers, each working to optimize his own results, are collectively destroying the very thing they hope to benefit from. Or at least damaging it. Pissing in someone else's soup is stupid, if it turns out that he's pissing in yours at the same time. [I'm not going to be in the habit of using profanity here, but in this case the particular figure of speech which is the foundation of this article requires it. Please refrain in comments.] Posted by: Andrew F. at June 15, 2007 08:22 PM (C7Z1R) Fansubbers are "free riders". A fansub costs the original production company nothing, but also yields no revenue. So it's an example of what in biology is known as "commensal parasitism". But in biology, and in economics, it's never that simple. Mistletoe is a commensal parasite for trees, but too much mistletoe can cause a tree to collapse from the extra weight. And too many free riders can result in too few paying customers, resulting in market collapse. It isn't possible for everyone to free ride. Someone has to pay the fare. A system can tolerate a certain degree of free riding, but if there's too much you end up in a downward spiral. So it actually is an example of the tragedy of the commons. Posted by: Steven Den Beste at June 15, 2007 08:36 PM (+rSRq) Posted by: Steven Den Beste at June 15, 2007 08:39 PM (+rSRq) First off, the companies simply don't have the resources for actual enforcement of copyright laws. Anime isn't like the US music or movie industries - there's no big sump of profits that can pay for legal campaigns that aren't productive, teams of lawyers who don't produce results, or lawsuits that win judgments that won't get paid. Copyright's a federal matter, but that means -every- copyright case is a federal case, with the attendant costs involved. The average anime fan simply doesn't have the kind of assets to make them worth suing - hell, the company would lose just filing the peckers, much less paying the lawyers - and the companies can't afford demonstrations. I'm typically skeptical of the whole "fansubs may destroy the industry" argument these days. A few reasons... - Traditionally, sub watchers have always been a minority of sales. Most fansub watchers, well, they're not dub watchers - people tend to self-select into one category or the other, and it's unusual for someone who prefers dubs to watch fansubs at all. (Not unknown, just unusual.) There are an awful lot of people watching fansubs and not buying, sure, and the proportion of total subtitle watchers to subtitle -purchasers- is pretty terrible, but the lion's share of the money never came from that market anyway. - How could the situation deteriorate further? For the last year, practically -every anime airing in Japan- saw a fansub release within weeks. The most popular shows are released, generally speaking, before the week is out. Certainly there's a huge compromise in quality involved (don't get me started on THAT topic), but fact is, most of the people watching don't care, nor would they necessarily appreciate the difference between what they're watching and a higher-quality release. Seriously, I mean, I'm more or less a snob when it comes to this sort of thing, and I'd like to pretend that the last little bits matter when people make purchasing decisions, but the fact is, it just ain't true. So in this situation, what's going to go wrong, actually? You could argue that the system has already reached a dynamic equilibrium with respect to fansubs. Sure, on paper, you can look at the Eclipse logs of Claymore and note that there's been 75k downloads of the first episode - and lemme tell you, that's a big honkin' number of people, for a show that's not even half over yet - but that doesn't necessarily mean that the problem's getting worse than it was this time last year. And the companies are more or less adapting (or rather, were adapted in the first place.) It's kind of sad, in a way, because it means that companies definitely orient towards the dub consumer - who's actually buying - versus the sub consumers who mostly don't. And, hate to say it, but that's the right way to look at it... - Finally, there's more to the instability of the market than fansubs. I mean, sure, if you look at 2001-2002, when broadband is still getting out to people and IRC f-serves were cutting-edge delivery technology. But having hit the technical plateau, I'm not sure I'd say that there's any reason to believe that things are getting worse on that score. However, on the business end, there's a -lot- of flux. Traditionally, the biggest problem was getting the Japanese end of the market to take the US market seriously. Not in the idea that there is a US market, though of course that was the initial problem. But in the idea that the US rights are an economic asset, and it's important for a company to properly value its assets so that they might be exploited to full value - that kind of seriously. There were plenty of Japanese companies that were perfectly happy not to worry about the US market, and others that did no business in the US market because their perceived valuation was totally out of line with the actual value of their licenses. This is starting to change, especially now that companies are relying on US cash flow to fund production in the first place - when you do that, you don't have the luxury of watching your product sit on the market because you can't stomach the price that market will bear. Of course, now we have Japanese companies attempting to capture that profit themselves by handling the release in the US themselves... which won't work in the short term, because if you think that the US market is the same as the Japanese market... you'll act like Bandai Visual, heh! All that said, companies also have an option 4 - prevent reverse importation of the US release into Japan by making it unpalatable to the Japanese consumer. The easiest way to do this is to simply not include the Japanese audio track... Posted by: Avatar_exADV at June 15, 2007 09:24 PM (dlP4b) Posted by: Ken Talton at June 15, 2007 09:35 PM (GpR+s) Posted by: Ken Talton at June 15, 2007 09:42 PM (GpR+s) So the idea is to have fansubs as "extended" prewievs of products not available yet... it has merits. What Ken reports is just another version of the typical elitist, anti-capitalist rant. Sometimes it ends in smashed windows, sometimes in copyright violations. Posted by: FabioC. at June 15, 2007 09:52 PM (Lx9ty) Here's another take on the question, with a little bit on the Singaporean Odex threats. Odex is trying to be a very good example of how not to serve a small niche market. Though it is interesting to wonder about whether the "extra products" like the novels, figures, etc will help the situation, how much can that help? Even in Japan a fair amount of those products are "inspired-by" fan-works, instead of actual licensed product. Personally, I see US licensers sitting up and taking notes on a couple of recent release strategies: Kadokawa is shopping licensors purely for distribution and dubbing assistance (the third FMP and Haruhi going to Funimation and Bandai Visual respectively--scripts for dubs and all visuals were naturally by Kadokawa/KyoAni). Funimation is starting their own channel like ADV did, but Funimation's not limiting it to their own licensed titles--many of which are being shown free on Cartoon Network. ADV is looking at possibly simulcasting according to this interview (which Ubu Roi posted commentary for here). I think you're going to see a stronger partnership between the Japanese production companies, trading companies on both sides of the Pacific, and US "licensees" (which may just end up as distribution/dubbing outlets in these kinds of partnerships). Another thing mentioned somewhere (apologies if it was in the above article) might be for those same companies to release 2 or even 3 "main" versions of any given title (not including rereleases such as thinpaks). You'd have your "Early Bird" version, sub-only, 2 eps/disc, $40 with a bare minimum of extras--but released the same month as the second ep on the disc airs (preferably the same week, though at first you'd take a little more time to work out distribution kinks). Those, you're buying speed. Then you'd have the "Mass Market" version, 3-5 eps but dub only, released about the same time and manner as what you have now for shows like Pokemon, One Piece, or Naruto. Then you'd have a bit later, "Premium" editions which would have the combined sub/dub discs at 2-4 eps per (depending on the length of the series), fancy artboxes, pencilboards, headbands, figurines, collectible puzzle-piece swag ("collect all N volumes, 'cause N-1 just won't do!"), a couple volumes of manga/light novels, whatever the partnership decides to put together (I'm thinking something very fancy, probably selling for around $200 when you put the whole series together--see the Captain Tylor "Ultra Editions", or the recent Patlabor Movie ones for what I'm talking about). We're not in at the death of anime in the US here, just another moment where things get interesting. Like when the bubble deflated, but this time hopefully not getting so many titles and jobs lost in the shuffle. Posted by: Rich at June 15, 2007 10:13 PM (mPWmU) Also, the idea of manufacturing, shipping and selling DVDs (or Blu-Ray or whatever) is doomed; it has a decade plus-or-minus five years of life left in the mainstream. Neither of which is a valid defense of fansubbing, of course. Posted by: Pixy Misa at June 15, 2007 10:24 PM (PiXy!) Anime shops sub in-house (or subcontract--sorry!) their releases as part of the production process, into as many languages as they think will be immediately profitable. They then sell direct downloads globally. Dubs may be too hard to squeeze into the timeline, but as mentioned, that may be a different market that can be serviced by a different website (like the R1 dubber's). That pretty much destroys gray-market fansubbing, by making quality subs available for purchase from Day 1. However, it would have to go along with some sort of rationalization in prices, or else a lot of fansub watchers could simply choose the other direction, to go to blatant piracy. It would also require extra resources in order to do the idea justice; official subbers would face the same culture/connotation barriers that fansubbers do, and the best would be those who had lived in and were comfortable with both. Posted by: Big D at June 15, 2007 10:49 PM (JJ4vV) At the end of the day, though, there is no "sic the lawyers". It will not happen. The US companies can't afford to - even if you WON you'd still go out of business. The Japanese companies can't afford to either - if they had that kind of money kicking around, they wouldn't NEED the US sales. The move to television (and, bluntly, the higher revenue potential it represents) is tough. Let's face it, if anime's going to remain what it is, a lot of it is going to be uncomfortable to present to the American public - not only is it niche, but it's a niche full of things like pedophilia and gore (by US television standards, naturally). Lots of shows simply have no TV market, period, because they can't be shown without cuts that would amount to murder. A lot of what can pass muster is, well, pretty bland. And CN's hardly a savior, because their rates are tiny - you can't afford to do the production work on what CN pays you alone, forget profits. The "reduce the resolution" idea has been presented before. Unworkable, unfortunately; the quality of the image used is determined by the logistics of delivery and not some kind of "ideal", modulated only by how good of a source is available in the first place - and nowadays, for anything that's airing in Tokyo, that's as good as you need it. Like Steven said, if one group releases in a crummy resolution, another group will release in a better one. And frankly, advances in video compression technology are fantastic - I'd have given a minor extremity to have been able to encode with the kind of quality people are getting out of h.264, MPEG-4 encodes on the DVDs I worked on. The "pack in tons of extras" idea seems to be where they're going with the Haruhi SE release. Can't pirate a hair ribbon, after all. I wish 'em well with it, but I don't know if it'll prove the general case - Haruhi's popular enough that it might sell plenty well, but a lot of second-rank titles won't move $60 -anything-. In defense of the voice actors, okay, they're not union (here, anyway - it's Texas, we don't DO union here.) But I used to do the budgets for 'em, and let me tell you, I've never made anywhere near what they make by the hour. Sure, it's not steady work, but there's damned little that pays as well for the time you put in! (Then again, contract subtitling ain't too bad either. ;p But hey, I didn't get that kind of money when I went in the booth...) Posted by: Avatar_exADV at June 15, 2007 10:52 PM (dlP4b) Posted by: Avatar_exADV at June 15, 2007 10:56 PM (dlP4b) I do not think that expensive DVDs are out of question. I buy at R2 DVDs at Neowing. They just have to be worth it. Interestingly, Ledford talked about it, too. He said, that a few years ago everything was selling, and now it's just "A-list", and that's because of fansubbers. So, two problems are immediately apparent with his claims. First, the leap of faith. Yes, only A-list is selling, but who is at fault? I already answered it above: his B-list is more like F-list, like Samurai Gun. That's the real reason. And secondly, for the separation itself, well, people are more informed now. Before, all information I received about anime was pure marketing, what magazines printed. Now I can go to Chizumatic and learn all I want to know about Yumeria in one convenient capsule comment (no, I'm not buying that schtick). So why doesn't Ledford blame bloggers? Actually, I expect that in the endless quest to excuse his incompetence, he will. We will see liebel lawsuits, especially in the countries like the U.K. Heck, even in the U.S. Suzuki sued Consumer Reports. Posted by: Pete Zaitcev at June 15, 2007 11:00 PM (9imyF) Posted by: Steven Den Beste at June 15, 2007 11:03 PM (+rSRq) Sorry, Steven, didn't mean to conjure up an unwelcome mental image there. And, sure, nothing could have saved Yumeria (or would want to, gawd.) But it's undeniable that there's been a definite shift in the patterns of what's selling and not selling... and as has been said before, there's a lot of shows which are worth watching but not necessarily rewatching. It's entirely possible that fansubbing does nothing to hurt, or indeed actually helps, great shows (because people will buy them even after they've watched them). But if the show wasn't absolutely fabulous, and you watched it already, are you going to buy it? Not so many people do, these days. I won't comment on licensing choices, mostly because it's a topic I know enough non-public information about that I can't really address it properly and not bust the ol' NDA. ;p Posted by: Avatar_exADV at June 16, 2007 12:03 AM (dlP4b) Posted by: Michael Brazier at June 16, 2007 12:14 AM (fNlux) Posted by: Jim Burdo at June 16, 2007 12:20 AM (qk+He) Posted by: Wonderduck at June 16, 2007 06:10 AM (GpR+s) 1) There are just some series that won't have an American market. They're either too old (Legend of the Galactic Heroes, Gundam ZZ, etc), too messy without getting a "kiss of death" level of editing or being put in the "too adult for kids" section, or they are just way too quirky (okay, how many people are going to watch a Judo anime? Seriously.). I would buy a legitimate copy of LoGH, three or four episodes to a DVD. Even more if they bought them and were able to clean them up. 2) You have to wonder sometimes if the American companies that bring anime over want to fail. For example, when 4Kids got the One Piece license, they pretty much cut about 30-40 episodes worth of material out. Did visual edits that made no sense, and after promising to do a "uncut" version, went back on their promise. Example #2-Bandai Visual released Gunbuster as a subtitle-only product. I'm not complaining (too much)-from the rumors I heard, they couldn't make a dub without a hideously expensive process of redoing all the sound, as the master soundtrack was lost. Now, when they released Gunbuster 2-they HAD to have had the master soundtracks and could have made a dub. There wasn't a dub, the extras on the DVDs were anemic, and each DVD was TWO episodes for $39.95 a DVD. Which, scary enough, felt a lot like the bad old days of anime, when you got your subtitled VHS tape with two episodes for that much. Oh, I did get them-I loved the series and I know that a company that knows something that makes money will make more of it. But, even the Bandai Visual people have realized that "oops, we goofed". This is not so much a "defense" of fansubs, more along the lines of "perceived intent" by fans. If the fans felt that they were getting a level of respect and decency from the studios, there would be fewer fansubbers. George Lucas and his treatment of "Star Wars" is a good example-I have been to a few sci-fi cons where people get out the LD (yes, LASER DISK) version of Star Wars and have showings, because they want to watch the movie they grew up with, not the most recent "George Lucas had a bowel movement" edit that he decided to send out to the public. You can't please everybody, but when you're in the media with an active fan community, you're riding the tiger as much as the tiger is riding you. When doing a media that has been written in a second language, arguments about accuracy of translation is inevitable, and when AnimeEigo did it, they had good liner notes that pointed out "why we did it this way". Yes, that's more for the hard-core fans, but there is a market for the hard-core fan. And, got nothing for the people that want to crash the commercial anime market in the United States. Damned free-lance socialists, all of them. I hope they fall off a cliff somewhere. Posted by: Jonathan Souza at June 16, 2007 06:19 AM (yWPgT) While translation adds further complication, I think the long term solution will involve abandoning the idea limited locale marketing. Set a price for the product ( or for a given translation of a product ), and thats it. Whether its sold in Japan, the US, Britain, or Zimbabwe, thats the price of it. Unfortunately, that still runs into the "some markets are cesspools with no money" problem, so "long term" might mean "when globalization finally kicks in". . . Posted by: metaphysician at June 16, 2007 06:54 AM (lXszF) Regarding the occasional bizarre chainsaw editing, I think thats due to the persistent bias that "cartoons = kids stuff". And by "kids stuff", they seem to be comparing it with the worst of the 80s dreck. So, the company has a pre-envisioned role for their new license, and if it doesn't fit? Cut out a few scenes. . . or episodes. . . or seasons. . . and make it fit. As for pricing, I'd put that down to just plain greed. Somebody remembers what they used to be able to charge, and assumes the market will tolerate such these days, Posted by: metaphysician at June 16, 2007 07:03 AM (lXszF) Enclose all spoilers in spoiler tags: [spoiler]your spoiler here[/spoiler] Spoilers which are not properly tagged will be ruthlessly deleted on sight. Also, I hate unsolicited suggestions and advice. (Even when you think you're being funny.) At Chizumatic, we take pride in being incomplete, incorrect, inconsistent, and unfair. We do all of them deliberately. 21 queries taking 0.0072 seconds, 38 records returned. Powered by Minx 1.1.6c-pink.

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Today we’ll be looking at more of the story of Abram as it unfolds in Genesis 13, but first, remember where we left Abram last week. In Chapter 12 we first saw him step out in faith to follow God’s call. He left home and country and family for a new land that God had promised him: a land he didn’t know until he got there. And he stepped out in faith trusting in the promise of God to make him, a childless seventy-five-year-old with a barren wife, into a great nation. None of it made any sense from a worldly perspective, but Abram followed God in faith and in the first half of Chapter 12 we saw him arrive in this promised land—in Canaan—and travel the whole length of it, building altars, and worshipping God. And yet in the second half of the Chapter we were told that a famine came and we saw Abram forget God’s promises. He left Canaan and went to Egypt. And not only did he step away from God’s promise of the land, he also jeopardised God’s promise of a son by dishonestly passing off his wife, Sarai, as his sister. Pharaoh saw she was beautiful and took her for his own wife. Eventually Pharaoh figured out what was going on and became angry, giving Abram back his wife and sending him back home to Canaan. The contrast between faithful Abram following God to an unknown land in the first half of the Chapter and the Abram who abandoned both the promise of land and the promise of a son is amazing. Suddenly we see the man of God, the prophet, being rebuked by the pagan, idolatrous king for his dishonesty and for putting his wife in an adulterous situation. God’s man lost faith and God used a pagan king to put him back on track. Now as Chapter 13 opens we see God’s promise back on track for fulfilment: So Abram went up from Egypt, he and his wife and all that he had, and Lot with him, into the Negeb. Now Abram was very rich in livestock, in silver, and in gold. And he journeyed on from the Negeb as far as Bethel to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai, to the place where he had made an altar at the first. And there Abram called upon the name of the Lord. (Genesis 13:1-4) Despite Abram’s lack of faith, God continues to bless him. He was a wealthy man when he went to Egypt, but he now leaves even better off: “rich in livestock, in silver, and in gold.” Even when we are faithless, God remains faithful. There’s no guarantee in the Bible that God will manifest his faithfulness with worldly prosperity; more often than not, it seems, God’s faithfulness responds to our faithlessness by giving us trials with the aim to get us back in his will. But regardless, God is always faithful and always seeking to bless us with what is good and what is ultimately best for us and what manifests his glory. Anyhow, Abram returns to the promised land; first to the Negeb in the south, near Egypt, and then returning to his old camp near Bethel, not very far from Jerusalem. He returns to the place where he had built an altar and worshipped God before. This was a holy place. The Hebrew uses that word, maqom, again—a world that describes not just any old place, but sacred space. The altar is a reminder of God’s presence and promise; it’s a tangible sign of Abram’s return to faith and to God’s will. Think back to Chapter 12 and remember that as Abram travelled through Canaan from north to south, at each stop he built an altar, worshipping God and acknowledging his faith in God’s promise that this land, now full of pagan Canaanites, would be his. And notice what was completely absent when he went to Egypt; in Egypt Abram built no altar—at least not so far as the text tells us. And that speaks to an experience that, I expect, we’ve all had: when we step out of God’s will or when we walk in unrepentant sin, we lose our desire to worship God. It’s natural. Who wants to come before God in worship when we know that we’re doing something that displeases him. One of the most basic acts of worship we can offer is our obedience. If we aren’t going to even do that, it’s not very likely we’ll be going out of our way to build him any altars. As Abram returns to his altar we know that he’s now back in God’s will. But remember that Genesis isn’t Abram’s story any more than it’s the story of Adam or Noah, Jacob or Joseph. No, Genesis—as is the whole of Holy Scripture—is God’s story. It’s the revelation of God and his love for humanity; it’s the revelation of God’s seeking lost people and restoring them to his fellowship and friendship despite their sins. It’s the story of God’s unfolding plan of redemptions and it shows us that absolutely nothing can stop that plan: not the sins of his people, not the hardships and adverse situation of life, not even Satan himself. It’s in overcoming all these obstacles that Scripture shows us God’s greatness and sovereignty and shows forth his glory. And so the Bible repeatedly shows us the obstacles that we might think would stop the wheels of God’s redemption from turning and then shows us how God in his greatness overcomes them. In the process we learn something about God’s character, how he acts and something about his people—things that are usually entirely applicable in our own lives. This is just what we see here. In Chapter 12 we saw the obstacle of Abram’s faithlessness and sin overcome by God as he rebuked Abram through pagan Pharaoh. Now Abram’s back on the track of faith, but a new obstacle crops up. This time it’s not sin, but the positive benefits of God’s blessing on Abram. Look at verses 5-7: And Lot, who went with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents, so that the land could not support both of them dwelling together; for their possessions were so great that they could not dwell together, and there was strife between the herdsmen of Abram’s livestock and the herdsmen of Lot’s livestock. At that time the Canaanites and the Perizzites were dwelling in the land. Remember that when Abram left Haran, his nephew, Lot, left with him and has been travelling with him ever since. Lot, too, had his own flocks and herds—big ones. God had promised that he would bless others through Abram and as we’ve seen Abram enriched, Lot has been enriched too. But now, here at this place between Bethel and Ai, Lot and Abram are finding that the place just isn’t big enough for the two of them. There’s no indication that Lot and Abram weren’t getting along or that they didn’t want to remain together peacefully. It’s just that their flocks and herds have become so large that their hired hands, their shepherds and herdsmen, are starting to have run-ins with each other and are disputing over the wells and the grazing land. The storyteller reminds us that “the Canaanites and the Perizzites were in the land. The point is that there wasn’t much land available to Abram and Lot. They were sandwiched between the Canaanites, who lived in the towns and cities, and the Perizzites, which literally means people who lived in the “open country”. These two men had found a nice spot of land on which to graze their livestock, but the abundance of God’s blessing had been so great that they’ve now got a new problem: their flocks and herds have outgrown that spot of land. The ancient Israelites hearing this would immediately have seen a new obstacle in the way of God’s promise to Abram: Lot. It’s bad enough that the land God promised to Abram is already filled with Canaanites and Perizzites, but now Lot’s squeezing Abram out too, and Lot wasn’t part of God’s promise. In fact, Lot, was the father of the Moabites and the Ammonites, two enemy nations just across their border. In verses 8 and 9 we see how Abram dealt with the problem: Then Abram said to Lot, “Let there be no strife between you and me, and between your herdsmen and my herdsmen, for we are kinsmen. Is not the whole land before you? Separate yourself from me. If you take the left hand, then I will go to the right, or if you take the right hand, then I will go to the left.” Notice two things here: First, notice how Abram treats Lot like an equal. Lot was his orphaned nephew and, based on what we’ll learn of Lot’s character as the story goes on, it wouldn’t be at all surprising if Lot had been contributing more to this problem than Abram had. And yet Abram addresses him graciously and as an equal, as his kinsman. The word “kinsman” refers to a close relative and is often used to describe the relationship between two brothers. Abraham could have come to him and said something like, “Hey, Junior, this patch of land ain’t big enough for the both of us. God promised it to me, not to you. Stop tagging along. You’re cramping my style here. It’s time you take a hike.” From the standpoint of a shallow faith, getting rid of Lot might seem like a good move. God had promised the land to Abram and Lot was jeopardising that promise and needed to go. But, brothers and sisters, remember that there’s more to faith than believing that what God promises will happen. Deep faith also trusts that God will bring about his promises without us helping him with our own worldly or sinful tactics. Abram learned this lesson in Egypt. And so instead of forcing God’s promise by being a jerk—which may well have only aggravated the situation—he becomes a peacemaker. Bruce Waltke puts it this way: “The magnanimity of the patriarch of the clan and the uncle of the orphan is truly remarkable. The social superior humbles himself before the inferior to preserve peace, thereby proving himself the spiritual superior. Abram’s faith gives him the freedom to be generous.” Let me say that again, “Abram’s faith gives him the freedom to be generous.” Shallow faith says, “God gave this to me; it’s mine; get out—take a hike!” Deep faith trusts God enough to be generous with his promises. How often does that kind of faith characterise us? How often are we willing to give up God’s blessings in order to bless others—even to bless the very people who are troublemakers in our lives? Abram certainly stands in stark contrast to his modern-day descendants as they’ve dealt with that very same land over the last century and he stands in stark contrast to how we often deal with similar situations in our own lives. To be a peacemaker is often to give up our own God-given rights in deference to others—even to our enemies. It’s a hard thing to do, but as we see with Abram, it is faith that makes it possible: faith that God will take care of us, faith that God will be true to his word, and faith that there is more to this life than the things of this world. So, Abram was gracious. How does Lot respond? Look at verses 10 to 12: And Lot lifted up his eyes and saw that the Jordan Valley was well watered everywhere like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, in the direction of Zoar. (This was before the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.) So Lot chose for himself all the Jordan Valley, and Lot journeyed east. Thus they separated from each other. Abram settled in the land of Canaan, while Lot settled among the cities of the valley and moved his tent as far as Sodom. Now the men of Sodom were wicked, great sinners against the Lord. We can picture Abram and Lot standing up in the mountains near Bethel, close to 900 metres high, and from there they could look out over the hill country and the Jordan Valley. They saw two very different types of land. The people who raised livestock in the hill country had to trust God for the rains. In contrast, the valley was always fertile thanks to the river running through it. As the text tells us, it reminded Lot of Egypt—that fertile land where the harvests were always rich. It was good land—certainly better land than the hill country. And it’s that good, fertile land that Lot picks, leaving his gracious uncle to fend for himself in the dry hills. Not only does this show a character flaw in Lot, but the story is full of red flags that point to Lot’s future troubles. The Jordan Valley, we’re told, was like the garden of the Lord, but going back to Eden isn’t our answer. Even in paradise human beings rejected God’s goodness and chose sin. The Jordan Valley is compared to fertile Egypt—a land of plenty—but Egypt wasn’t the Promised Land. It was outside of God’s will. God’s desire is to manifest his glory by giving his people bread in the wilderness. But Lot goes anyway. Not only does Lot settle across the Jordan, outside the Promised Land, but he travels “east”, which is never a good thing in Genesis. Adam and Eve were cast out and went to the east; Cain murdered his brother and was exiled, travelling to the east. One commentator puts it this way: “[T]he easterly direction…symbolized distance and exile from the divine presence, and without the sacred there could be no blessing.” And just in case we don’t pick up on all these subtle hints, the storyteller makes it clear: “the men of Sodom were wicked, great sinners against the Lord”. Everything screams at us that Lot has made a very bad choice. A good choice from a worldly perspective and from the standpoint of human wisdom, yes, but from the standpoint of faith a worse decision could not have been made. The scene ends with contrast: Abram pitches his tent back in Canaan—in the land of promise—and at the place where he had built his altar to the Lord, while Lot sets out to leave the promised land and settles in a place notorious for its evil. I’m reminded of the scene at the end of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Indiana and the Nazi archaeologists both reach the Holy Grail at the same time, but instead of finding just one chalice in the cave, they find a room filled with dozens and dozens of beautiful, golden, and bejewelled chalices. The bad guy looks them over and selects the grandest and most beautiful, dips it into the fountain, drinks, and promptly dies a gruesome death. The guardian knight watches as the bad guy collapses, dead, and turns to the others saying, “He choose…poorly.” Indiana, on the other hand, looks the chalices over and picks one hidden in the back—a plain, small, unornamented cup and with it saves his father’s life. The knight tells him: “You have chosen wisely.” Lot chose poorly and we’ll see how it works out for him in the coming chapters. Abram, like Indiana Jones, is left with something that doesn’t look like much, but as he returns home to his tents and to his altar, God comes to him with the message: “You have chosen wisely.” He reiterates his promise to Abram, expanding on the details, and putting it in the legal language of the day. The Lord said to Abram, after Lot had separated from him, “Lift up your eyes and look from the place where you are, northward and southward and eastward and westward, for all the land that you see I will give to you and to your offspring forever. I will make your offspring as the dust of the earth, so that if one can count the dust of the earth, your offspring also can be counted. Arise, walk through the length and the breadth of the land, for I will give it to you.” Abram moved his tent and came and settled by the oaks of Mamre, which are at Hebron, and there he built an altar to the Lord. (Genesis 13:14-18) Notice that as they stood on the mountain and looked over the land, Lot “saw” that the Jordan Valley was good. That’s another red flag. One of the things that Genesis teaches us, going all the way back to Chapter 1, is that only God truly knows what’s good. Only he has the knowledge and wisdom to know good and evil perfectly. He created us to trust him for that knowledge and trust him to provide it for us. Sin is what happens when we try to see for ourselves and choose the good based on our limited knowledge and wisdom. Think of Eve. She saw the fruit and despite God’s warning, she thought it looked good. It wasn’t. And, with the eyes of human wisdom, Lot looked out on the Jordan Valley and “saw” that it was good. Again, we clearly know that it wasn’t. In contrast, God now tells Abram to look out over the land: “Lift up your eyes.” But this time Abram looks out with God’s direction. God doesn’t ask him to choose what is good for himself. God directs his gaze and tells him: This is the good. This is what I’m giving you. Back in the 1960s Martin Noth located a spot northeast of Bethel—a spot called Ramat-Hazor—where you can stand and look out in every direction. You can see all the way to the Mediterranean in the west, the mountains of Transjordan in the east, Mount Hermon in the north, and the Dead Sea to the south. It was most likely this very same spot from which God told Abram to look out and as he looked God promised—promised that all this would belong to Abram’s descendants. And as God promises the land he elaborates on his promise of offspring. Abram’s not simply to have a son, but his children, God promises, will be as uncountable as the dust of the earth. Abram no doubt understands, that he won’t be the one to see this promise fulfilled. As we’ve been told, the Canaanites and Perizzites were in the land, but God asks him to step out in faith for the benefit of his children: “Arise, walk though the length and breadth of the land, for I will give it to you.” This is what the ancient pharaohs did when they ascended to the throne: they made a festal procession around the walls of the city. The Hittite king made a circuit of his kingdom every winter to assert his possession of it and kingship over it. In Syria the people believed that the god, Baal, made the rounds of the towns and cities to show his kingship over both gods and humans. God now directs Abram to show his ownership over the land by making the rounds of it and in faith Abram does just that, eventually settling near Hebron where he builds another altar to worship God and to give him thanks—to show his faith in the God of promise. Now, what does all this mean for us? We’ve seen already by Abram’s example that God’s people are to be peacemakers. Jesus reiterates this, not only in the Sermon on the Mount, but as he offers up his very self on the cross. We’ve also seen that part of being peacemakers means being willing to give up our rights for the sake of peace. In fact, one of the most profound ways in which we manifest God’s peace to the world is by following our Lord in sacrificing our rights and sometimes even our very selves for the sake of others. These are not easy things to do. It wasn’t easy for Abram to offer first choice of the land to Lot. But Abram teaches us that we become peacemakers through faith. He trusted that God would be true to his promise and did what he knew to be right. Brothers and sisters, you and I are called to do the same thing. The key is to walk by faith and not by sight. Sight is deceiving. Eve “saw” that the forbidden fruit was pleasing to the eye, but it led to the fall of the entire human race. Lot “saw” the fertile Jordan Valley and it was pleasing to his eye. Calvin writes, though, “[Lot] fancied he was dwelling in paradise, [he] was nearly plunged into the depths of hell.” You and I, if we were in Jesus’ shoes at Calvary would have “seen” the Cross and thought it was evil, and yet with the heavenly perspective and wisdom of God, Jesus “saw” the Cross and knew that it was good. Through his sacrifice, as he gave up his rights and his very life for us, he paid the penalty for our sins and opened the way for us to the presence of God—to that very place we lost through our own attempts to choose good for ourselves. And it’s on the basis of Christ’s sacrifice that St. Paul calls us, in Philippians, to be humble ourselves. Let me close with his words: Do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit, but in humility count others more significant than yourselves. Let each of you look not only to his own interests, but also to the interests of others. Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. (Philippians 2:3-11) Let us pray: Gracious Father, deepen our faith, we pray. Let us not grasp selfishly at the rights you have given us or at the good things you have promised, but give us the faith to be generous with your gifts, to let them go and to give them up for the sake of peace. Remind us that there is more to life than the things of this world and that we witness your love, your mercy, and your grace as we follow the example of Jesus, humbly giving of ourselves, even to our enemies. Let the world see you through our witness. We ask this in the name of Jesus, our Lord. Amen.

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Reviewed by a Surveyor We market the surveying services for Independent Surveyors and Structural Engineers who take great pride in our survey work and are very proud of the high standards we achieve in our building surveys. As well as Building Surveys, also known as Structural Surveys, if you want to know what the property is worth we can also offer Independent Valuations, Engineers Reports, Specific Defects Reports and Homebuyers Reports. If you need help and advice with regard to building surveys, structural surveys, structural reports, engineers reports, specific defects reports, dilapidations or any other property matters please free phone 0800 298 5424 As Independent Surveyors we note that there are many television programmes covering the property market aired on terrestrial and satellite television stations which we review in this section of our website. Our television review is our light hearted opinion of the television programme and gives a breakdown of the programmes content. In no way are we advertising the television programme or receiving remuneration for promoting it on our website we are simply giving general information. Cowboy Trap is a daytime BBC One property television programme which at time of writing this article is airing its third series. Cowboy Trap each episode highlights the bad workmanship of cowboy builders the length and breadth of the United Kingdom with the host Clive Holland highlighting where the building work went wrong. Cowboy Trap is a forty five minute property programme aired late morning in the day time slot aimed at an audience that include Mums and stay at home Dads, shift workers, unemployed, retired etc who are interested in home and lifestyle programmes. Cowboy Trap is produced by an independent television production company Mentorn Media for the BBC who produce a wide range of programmes from Question Time to An Idiot Abroad. As Surveyors carrying out specific defect reports on residential and commercial properties we often come across cowboy builders work and find Cowboy Trap's highlighting such issues will be helpful to many homeowners who are considering building work on their properties. Presenter of Cowboy Trap Clive Holland is the presenter and anchor for Cowboy Trap guiding the viewer each episode through the scenario of a cowboy builders work and its affect on the homeowner. Clive Holland is not your typical television presenter with regard to his looks but his down to earth approach and knowledgeable manner instantly warms to both the homeowners featured and the viewers to him. Clive first television appearance was on GMTV's Famous for Fifteen minutes competition which he won on the LK Today slot with Lorraine Kelly and since then he has appeared on television and radio regularly. Clive is a larger than life character and is certainly on a quest to expose cowboy builders in Cowboy Trap as well as giving lots of handy helpful top tips to homeowners throughout each show. Cowboy Trap Programme format Cowboy Trap in the three series produced at time of writing this article has featured many cowboy builders who have carried out appalling building work for homeowners across the United Kingdom . Each episode of Cowboy Trap presenter Clive Holland introduces the day time viewer on BBC One to a scenario whereby an unsuspecting homeowner has been subject to some bad quality building work and has often been left with unfinished and unsafe areas of their property. Cowboy Trap highlights the plight of homeowners who have been unfortunate enough to be subject to some building horrors such as builders who have left half way through a job leaving properties exposed to the elements and shoddy plumbing work that leaks etc often never returning leaving the homeowner with their dream of an extension or home improvements shattered. Clive Holland throughout Cowboy Trap gives helpful tips on how to avoid such building work disasters in future and highlights areas of concern and how to address these and correct them. During our structural surveys of residential properties as Surveyors we outline in our reports details of areas of concern in properties such as rising damp or lack of ventilation in a roof. The property television show Cowboy Trap enlisted local builders to correct building work that has gone wrong with the various stages highlighted during the forty five minute show. Prior to the building work being completed correctly Cowboy Trap enlists the help of a local expert Surveyor to highlight the problems and issues in the property. The local experienced building team are seen taking a look at the property and analysing with Clive Holland what needs to be corrected and making a plan of action to correct the homeowner's nightmare build. At the end of each episode of Cowboy Trap Clive Holland revisits the property being featured revealing the work that the Cowboy Trap team of builders have carried out. Unlike some property television programmes not all the work is completed with the major problems being put right and areas such as decoration and flooring for example left for the homeowner to complete. The Cowboy Trap titles are simple with the programme opening each episode with host Clive Holland introducing the viewer to the area in the country being featured and the homeowner who has experienced a cowboy building nightmare. The titles are a simple logo with the font of cowboy in a cowboy influence style. Our residential structural building surveys also take on a simple no nonsense approach with plain English terms rather than terms which will not be familiar to our clients. Cowboy Trap has upbeat, bright original music composed by Mike Westergaard which is in contrast to the doom and gloom the poor homeowners have experienced during their dealings with cowboy builders. Cowboy Trap Programme example – Series 3, Episode 11 The Cowboy Trap presenter Clive Holland is at the wheel of his car explaining his quest each episode is to help to get rid of cowboy builders due to the stress they cause to people who let them into their homes. The title sequence includes the homeowners who have had cowboy builders destroy their home with Clive Holland identifying that cowboy builders do not care about the homeowner's house or the work that they carry out with the only thing the cowboys really care about being how to get their hands on people's hard earned cash. The homeowner who has been subject to poor work carried out by a cowboy builder explains how angry and disgusted she is about how a cowboy builder can treat anyone like he treated her and is cross that a cowboy builder can think that they can get away with such poor work. Clive explains how he is about to see some awful building work carried out once again by cowboy builders but hopes to shed some light at the end of the tunnel for those homeowners who have been victims to cowboy builders. Warning to cowboy builders in the UK that at Cowboy Trap they are fighting back with the homeowners delighted that they are not fighting on their own anymore and that the Cowboy Trap team are helping them to fight back. Dodgy tricks and techniques Cowboy builders use tricks and techniques on unsuspecting homeowners and Clive Holland explains he is going to outline some of these so that people do not fall trap to these unscrupulous methods in the future. If commissioning a Surveyor to carry out a full structural survey of a property their report will highlight any poor workmanship carried out by builders. Unfinished extension dream In Series 3, episode 11 takes place in the large village of Whiston in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley on Merseyside where some really dodgy building work has been carried out that not only stretched the homeowners finances to breaking point but their relationship as well. The husband and wife (they also have a twelve year old son) whose home has been subject to cowboy builders explain how their marriage was put in question with the stress of the bad work. As Surveyors we are often in Merseyside and have carried out many structural building surveys and specific defect reports in the area over the years we have been Independent Surveyors. The couple purchased their house thirteen years ago when the quiet location and garden made them fall in love with their new home as their son grew up they wanted to give him more space converting their house from a two bedroom to a three bedroom house. The conversion plans would mean that their son could have a larger bedroom and the husband could use the third bedroom as a study. The extension was planned so that their dream home would have a large open plan area at the rear of their house which would overlook their garden which would be perfect particularly in the summer when it would be ideal for entertaining their friends. Upstairs they planned a larger bedroom for their son which they thought would be perfect as his bedroom was too small. The extension was designed to make the living space more accommodating enabling the husband to use the extra room for an office to run his driving school business rather than using the dining room table to spread out all his paperwork which would be much better. The couple got an architect to draw up the plans who also suggested a local builder which gave them confidence that they would be in safe hands with the architect's recommendation. The couple, with this recommendation, felt that they could trust the recommended builder and that nothing could go wrong but unfortunately this was not the case. The planned extension over two storeys to the rear of their house would give them the extra bedroom upstairs they dreamed of and downstairs by removing an internal wall and extending it would give a large open plan area for living and dining space. The builder quoted a six week time scale and a price of £30,000 but as Cowboy Trap could see the extension was not completed and the garden was unsafe to use with building debris piled scruffily in what was once a peaceful space. During the whole process the couple and their son have also missed out on quality time together as the husband is left to carry out work on the house rather than spending time on family days out on his only day off in the week which is a Sunday. Cowboy Builder leaves chaos The family have been left in chaos with excuse after excuse from their cowboy builder. Cowboy Trap presenter Clive Holland makes his first visit to see what state the builder has left the property in and how the situation got to this state. The concrete lintel above the patio doors has been broken to view the ceiling and patched up badly which will in time under weight bear it will lead to movement in the structure. There is a metal RJS in place but there are gaps each side which let the draughts in and the couple have put leaflets in place to block up the holes! The husband has carried out some essential remedial work with some help from friends as well as putting on the roof and filling in holes around the house. The husband has dabbled with electrics, which is not advisable if you are not a qualified electrician. Clive gives some advice as well as explaining that a professional electrician should carry out this type of work, he can understand why the husband has done what he has done but advises he must stop and Cowboy Trap will help will be given to carry out the electrical work safely. When carrying out structural building surveys we, as Surveyors, always advise with electrics to have an Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) test and report carried out by an NICEIC qualified electrician or equivalent. Outside from the rear back garden the gaping hole which should be their new extension is not where they should be today, the couple explain they were left with a few roof timbers in place but no roof it was just an open void! At the side of the house there is pipe work which is the sewage pipe combined; this soil stack intersection is exposed just covered with a piece of wood - all the germs and bacteria etc are exposed out into the soil and the pipes that are close by! This should not be like this it should be capped off to stop any potential germs coming out – the couple explain that this has been like this for a year, this is really dire and with the son in the garden this is hazardous and something a builder should never have left behind. Cowboy Trap's Clive Holland explains in a top tips section of the show why the inspection chamber is so wrong in the couple's home. The couple's properties old sewage would have been a combined sewage which would have foul water (waste from toilet) and rainwater. The cowboy builder left a section which was virtually on top of the surface with no top lid and going into this there was foul water from toilets, water from washing machine, sinks, dishwasher and even the rainwater too! Without a lid when it rains and someone has flushed the toilet and may be the washing machine is on to the pipe work would get flooded and all the contents (including raw sewage) would be all over the land next to it right next to the house attracting vermin, bacteria etc. This is a terrible error and dangerous and it does bear thinking about what illness could be contracted whilst being exposed to this area. This should have a secure lid and be seated properly and just shows that the builder did not have a clue how to do this. The couple have done what they can to try to make good and make the property water tight but their son has not been able to move into his new bedroom. There are so many problems with the gaps in the new extension wall, roof and the son's old bedroom window was left with water leaking into his room. The husband has had to carry out remedial work to the bedroom window, seal the roof and fill the holes to prevent any further damage. List of dire building work issues There are so many building issues and defects with the extension work which has left the build incomplete and the family living in chaos for over a year. The concrete floor is unlevel, construction overall is decidedly dodgy, the build was left open to the elements with rainwater able to get into the structure and on top of all this there is open sewage which is a health hazard. The couple gave their builder a large proportion (£23,500) of the cost of the build but were left with work unfinished, dodgy drainage and a completely unliveable extension. Initially the couple had several builders in to give quotes on their planned extension which were considerably higher than their budget. Then the builder, recommended by the architect, came in with a quote bang on their budget which now, in hindsight, is apparent that the architect and the builder had discussed their budget with the builder thinking if he cut a few corners here and there he could still make a good profit and would get the job. Another of Clive's top tips When one builder's quote is considerably cheaper than another stay away as cutting corners on the budget usually means cutting quality. The couple had trusted their architect as he had recommended the builder. The builder was working and to get his next payment early told the couple he wanted to move things along quickly and get the build watertight by Christmas and to do this needed more money. As an incentive to get the couple to part with more money the builder promised to move things on more quickly. Cowboy Trap's presenter Clive explains avoid planning your build around a special occasion or significant event the extra pressure wishing the work to be complete for a wedding, Christmas or family visit can encourage rash decisions as the deadline approaches. Instead of focusing on Christmas the couple should have had alarm bells ringing as they were asked by their builder for more cash. The couple drew out further cash and paid £12,500 to their builder then they were then in for a nasty shock as they did not see the builder after paying him as he disappeared for three months. Eventually when the cowboy builder came back, he apologised but requested more money to get on with the job! The couple, desperate to get the build going again, gave the builder a further £3000; their total paid to him now being £23,500 but no work was carried out leaving them in a nightmare. Cowboy Trap to the rescue with a team of builders to help to create the dream home the couple have wanted rather than the unfinished and unsafe building site. Ask the experts An independent builder is asked to view the property and give her expert opinion on the quality of this building work. The outside wall for example should have an air gap in the cavity (usually 50mm insulation, 50mm gap 100mm cavity) what there is present is the cavity filling the whole span. The problem with this is water from outside will come in soaked into the outside porous blocks then travel through the insulation then come out inside which will cause dampness. Secondly there is mortar that has fallen inside the cavity which is rigid and will be cold and again will cause the damp to have a nice easy route to get into the building. The drainage is wrong with the levels are incorrect and there is a back flow as well as an open foul drain which is a health hazard. The builder explains that much of the work that the cowboy builder carried out is actually damaging to the property giving the overall build work minus a half out of ten. Cowboy Trap to the rescue Plan of action to put the build back on the right track The Cowboy Trap builder takes a look at the drainage and is very concerned as the top water comes back against the flow which is a hazard and is horrified as a pipe is coming out of the wall from the washing machine where the water will just flood the area – such bad workmanship and quite shocking. The drainage will be corrected, manhole capped off and realignment of the rest and inside, new doors, plasterwork etc will be carried out, electrical work, adding insulation, removing patio doors, neaten off – there is lots to be done. Upstairs in the new bedroom electrical work and a full set of electrical tests, finish plaster work, skirtings, smoke alarms and sorting out the window will all be tackled professionally. When checking out remedial work that the husband carried out a problem is found in that the electrical system is outdated and potentially dangerous. The fuse board is very dated and will need to be replaced with a modern one to current electrical standards. The Cowboy Trap team of builders are on site helping to turn the nightmare their cowboy builder left them in into their dream home of a new extension giving them additional living space. The lesson to be learnt is never to trust a recommendation without checking it out unfortunately they trusted their architects' recommendation but the builder's work was far from what they had been promised. Progress on the build The Cowboy Trap builders have added lateral restraints on the floor joists, extending the floor joists to carry the ceiling, boarded out the walls in anticipation of the doors coming with electrical work is still to do. The cowboy builder had cut every corner he could even not using safety glass in the window for their son's new bedroom and no restrictor either! One of the main issues was securing the joists between the old part of the house and the new extension a close up camera shot is shown when the flooring is removed to show how this has now been carried out professionally. The family are looking forward to their home being transformed with time to spend together rather than trying to sort out all the issues with the build. Communication with their cowboy builder Clive asks the couple if they could speak to their cowboy builder now what two or three questions would they ask him? 1. Why did the builder take their money and not complete the build? 2. Why did the builder leave them in such a mess? The husband dials the builder's telephone number only to get an answer machine whereby he leaves a message for him to call him back. No response from him later. Cowboy Trap's team make contact with their builder who claims ill health meant he was unable to complete the build. Trading Standards are informed of the builders' poor work and will put in place measures to make sure that other homeowners are not subject to his bad workmanship in future. The architect who recommended the builder has not been heard of since he helped to identify the rogue builder. All the rubbish has been removed from the side of the house, there is a footpath and a secure manhole but the real wow factor is inside. The bedroom upstairs has been boarded up and plastered, skirting boards are in place, electrics installed and new safety glass is in the window with a safety catch in place which makes it much safer. Downstairs is the biggest transformation for the wife in particular, the wall has been opened up into the dining area, the walls have been finished and the new area boarded, plastered, new opening with quad folding doors which slid back opening up to the garden. Externally the extension still needs rendering to make watertight but the build is certainly well on the way to being finished and allowing the family to get their lives back on track. The fuse board has been replaced and even more shockingly it was discovered that none of the house had been main earth bonded back to the fuse board. Earth bonding protects you from electric shocks by providing an alternative conductor to pass through it which forces the circuit breaker or fuse to switch off and cut the electrical current without this there could be deadly consequences. Unsafe electrical insulations cause more than 12,000 fires in homes each year in the UK so electrical work is best left to professionals. Another top tip Make sure you get your electrical system checked at least every ten years a periodic inspection report acts as an MOT for your home as it tests the electrics in your home and safeguards your families' safety. The building work is completed with just decorating and personal touches left for the family to make their home complete. Evidence gathered on the families' extension work by the cowboy builder has been put together to be given to the local Trading Standards office so if the cowboy builder thinks he has got away with such appalling work he has another thing coming as Cowboy Trap have been hot on his tail! Cowboy Trap is an informative property television programme which takes the viewer each episode to a different part of the United Kingdom with a different building nightmare carried out by cowboy builders. Clive Holland is a solid presenter but perhaps a presenter with more property knowledge might be better to host a programme so specifically centred around poor quality building issues. The format being aired over forty five minutes does tend to recap rather too frequently throughout the programme and could be slimmed down to a thirty minute show which would make it more concise and less repetitive. However, the format unfortunately is endless as there are still many unscrupulous cowboy builders operating across the length and breadth of the country. The Cowboy Trap's top tips are helpful and would make an informative help manual for homeowners either thinking of or having some building work carried out. Independent Surveyor's AdviceIf you truly do want an independent expert opinion from a Surveyor with regard to building surveys, structural surveys, structural reports, engineers reports, specific defects report, dilapidations or any other property matters please contact 0800 298 5424 for a Surveyor to give you a call back. Independent commercial property surveyors If you have a commercial property, be it leasehold or freehold, then you may wish to look at our Dilapidations Website at www.DilapsHelp.com and for Disputes go to our Disputes Help site www.DisputesHelp.com. We hope you found the article of use and if you have any experiences that you feel should be added to this article that would benefit others, or you feel that some of the information that we have put is wrong then please do not hesitate to contact us (we are only human). The contents of the web site are for general information only and is not intended to be relied upon for specific or general decisions. Appropriate independent professional advice should be paid for before making such a decision. All rights are reserved the contents of the web site is not to be reproduced or transmitted in any form in whole or part without the express written permission of www.1stAssociated.co.uk We would refer you to other interest articles on our website:

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Security is vital for digital products and services, and customers expect them to be secure, especially when incorporating them into their own services. A manufacturer using a sensor in product design hopes it’s not vulnerable to cybersecurity threats due to its customers’ reliance on its security. Cyberattacks on devices connected to the internet can create an entry point for hackers to access internal systems, steal confidential data, plant malware, or collect sensitive data. Regrettably, well-publicized breaches show development efforts have fallen short in securing digital offerings. When developing digital products or services, security is crucial and must be integrated during the initial design stage to ensure safety and lower costs. In practice, security is only an afterthought, addressed after product design, but preparing for it early helps follow customer expectations. Although traditionally all cybersecurity issues are assigned to the IT department, all employees are at risk. Anyone who passes user authentication not from the workplace can become a source of viruses and data interception. Designers greatly underestimate how often they become the target of attacks. As a designer, you face various cybersecurity threats daily. This is especially true for freelancers and remote workers. Working remotely and as a freelancer has increasingly gained popularity. In the US, over 13 million individuals joined the industry between 2017 and 2022, increasing the total to over 70 million. This number is expected to reach 90 million by 2028. We are here to discuss secure design principles and suggest ways to help protect your company from cyber threats. Why is cybersecurity always in trend? If you spend enough time online, you’re bound to encounter a virus or phishing attempt. Good practices and antivirus programs can protect you, but when you zoom out, it’s clear that organizations face much bigger security challenges, such as outdated or unprotected software, unaware staff, and a lack of vigilance. The biggest cyber attacks in history, such as Red October, WannaCry ransomware attack, and NotPetya cyberattack, still have consequences today. These cyber-attacks have demonstrated that governments, companies, and individuals are vulnerable to cyber threats unless they are aware of them and their potential damage. It’s shocking that WannaCry and other viruses have caused an estimated $10 billion in damages! And it’s not just WannaCry. Attacks on digital infrastructure are increasing, like the ones on water treatment plants. Cybercriminals look for weaknesses in software, such as unpatched VPNs, SQL injections, cross-site scripting, server misconfigurations, and sensitive data being displayed in plain text. In addition to applications, phishing and similar scams that exploit genuine credentials are the preferred means for hackers to access restricted software. But there’s good news! When the design and development team prioritizes security from the beginning, it creates practices and standards that keep users and their data safe, while blocking hackers’ attempts to attack. Cybersecurity Best Practices for Designers #1 Cloud storage As a remote worker, you may handle sensitive client data. To securely store and manage these files, many use cloud storage. This allows for seamless editing, sharing, and synchronization. However, not all cloud storage services are safe. Using a vulnerable one can lead to stolen or corrupted data. Therefore, invest in a trusted, fully secure option to protect your valuable information. Cloud storage services like Google Drive and OneDrive are typically secure, but using specialized providers with security as a top priority is an option. Examples include Sync, Tresorit, pCloud, Mega, and IceDrive. #2 Minimize the area of attack As you add more features like webpages or network protocols to your product or system, its attack surfaces and the vulnerable areas where attackers could strike get bigger too. Each new feature opens up new ways for cybercriminals to take advantage. This means, as time goes on and you integrate more products or systems with your own, the security risk for your product or system also goes up. From a security standpoint, it’s crucial for organizations to find ways to minimize the attack surface area as much as possible. This is where cyber secure development comes into play, as it proactively reduces the attack surface of a product or system when making changes. This only at first glance does not apply to designers. To a large extent, this affects all employees and designers of any form of employment too. To improve security: - reduce the number of user roles; - don’t store confidential data that isn’t essential; - disable features that aren’t needed or not needed all the time; - include operational controls, such as Web Application Firewalls (WAF) and other intrusion detection and prevention systems. #3 Protect offline data If you’re saving work-related data on personal devices like a laptop, phone, or tablet, it’s important to encrypt that information. Popular operating systems like Windows and iOS have built-in encryption tools, or you can buy hardware-encrypted storage devices to protect your data. Plus, backing up your important files regularly can help you recover from any unexpected data loss. #4 Choose secure communication tools If you are still using WhatsApp General Chat, you are outdated. There are specialized corporate solutions for internal communications. Even the same Telegram offers a good level of privacy, but it is better not to use it to send important data. To do this, there is an old and proven technology for sending and receiving documents – fax. With it, secure file sharing is possible at any distance. If you think that faxing is inconvenient due to being tied to a fax machine, then there is a solution. Now there is a Fax apple that can do everything the same as landline fax and even more. Digital fax is useful because it can scan, send and receive documents while maintaining a standard format. You don’t have to worry about possible formatting difficulties when sending, they all work according to the same standards. This is one of the simplest ways to organize privacy by design. #5 Keep your environment updated Did you know that there might be many hidden ways that others can enter your computer’s operating system and daily used programs? But don’t worry, developers are always finding and fixing the issues which could lead to hacks and exposing confidential information. Adhere to the following tactics to keep your software as secure as possible. - Make sure to keep all of your software up to date, including your operating system, browser, antivirus, and any other programs you use regularly. - Most software programs have the option to enable automatic updates, which can help ensure that your software is always up to date. - If you don’t have automatic updates enabled, then make sure to check for updates regularly. You can usually do this through the software’s preferences or settings menu. - Once updates become available, it’s essential to install them immediately to help keep your system secure. #6 Use a firewall/antivirus Cybercriminals are notorious for designing malware and viruses with malicious intent. These can not only cause data corruption but also lead to the theft of your private information, including payment or freelance account credentials. It’s important to safeguard your device against such threats by installing a reputable antivirus solution and enabling a firewall. Whether you’re using Windows, iOS, or Linux, make sure to take these preventive measures on the device you use for freelancing. You can use Norton, McAfee, Bitdefender, and Kaspersky as some of the best antivirus options that come packed with integrated firewalls, which act as a second line of defense that protects your device from harmful cyberattacks. Additionally, it’s highly advisable to install an antivirus app on your work smartphone as well. Surprisingly, statistics indicate that only 24% of smartphone users have an antivirus tool installed compared to 70% of computer users. According to the report, viruses can affect both computers and phones alike. Hence, it’s important to have an antivirus app installed on your smartphone too. The antivirus options mentioned earlier are available for both iOS and Android devices. #7 Use security browser plugins As a designer, an internet browser is a tool you shouldn’t go without. You use it to browse for inspiration for your projects, stay updated with the latest design trends by reading design blogs, search for new job opportunities, and communicate with clients. However, many websites contain malware that can infect your device. This could give hackers unrestricted access to your device. Most of the popular internet browsers such as Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox are equipped with useful security plugins. These plugins are lightweight and won’t impede your browsing speed. Additionally, they prevent malware attacks and protect your device while browsing. However, make sure to install trusted browser extensions only, as they can have intrusion and malicious behaviors. #8 Use only trusted payment platforms As a freelance designer, you’ll be accepting payments from clients located all over. Choose a secure payment platform so you can accept payments without any hassle. Don’t forget to check the payment gateway for safety! Don’t fall into the trap of relocating your conversation or working away from reputable marketplaces like Upwork and Fiverr. Avoid accepting payments from unverified platforms, and exercise caution when communicating with clients or submitting work through email or messaging apps. These steps will lower the chances of falling prey to cyber attacks, theft of important information like payment and design details, and risks to one’s credentials and identity. You can trust platforms like PayPal, Wise, and Payoneer. If you want to use a different platform, follow these tips to ensure safety and security. - Make sure to search for reviews and also ask other freelancers or business owners for recommendations. - Don’t forget to look into the platform’s security measures to discover which protocols they use. - Make sure that the platform uses features such as encryption, fraud protection, and two-factor authentication. - Finally, ensure to read and grasp the payment platform’s associated fees as well as any terms and conditions. It’s a good idea to give your clients various payment options, including credit cards, debit cards, e-transfers, and bank transfers. This not only makes it simple for them to pay but also protects you in case one payment method is at risk. #9 Protect yourself from public Wi-Fi networks Thanks to advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence, bad actors no longer need to do all the grunt work themselves. Instead, they develop bots powered by AI to scour the internet for vulnerable devices to break into. Using a public network places your device at risk and makes it an easy target for these bots. So, when possible, avoid using public networks and set your device to not automatically connect to available public internet connections. If you ever have to use public Wi-Fi, make sure you protect yourself before logging on. First, check that your firewall is on and that your antivirus is running. Also, using a VPN will encrypt your online data transmission making it almost impossible for hackers to steal sensitive information. It’s also crucial to install a VPN tool like VeePN on your device, which will hide your physical location by routing your IP address through a server in a distant area. That way, it’ll be harder for cybercriminals to target your device. #10 Take care of password security Creating strong passwords is crucial to safeguarding your freelance and payment accounts’ first line of protection. Here are some tips for creating and managing strong passwords: - Using a password manager like LastPass can help you create and store unique, strong passwords for all your accounts, and you can manage them in one place. - Enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) involves an additional step to log in, such as receiving a code sent to your phone or email. It adds an extra layer of security and can prevent unauthorized access even if someone else has your password. - Make them complex: A mix of upper and lower case letters, numbers, and special characters like !, @, #, or $ can make your password more difficult to guess. - Use longer passwords: Longer passwords are stronger and more secure than shorter ones. Whenever possible, aim for at least 12 characters. - Avoid personal information: Don’t use personal information like your name, address, or birthdate in your password. - Use a unique password for each account: Using a different password for each account can help protect you against unauthorized access if one password is compromised. #11 Use VPN everywhere, outside of work and at home A VPN means you’re browsing privately. It’s like a shield that makes your online activities anonymous and confidential by creating a secure path over the internet. You can use this service when you’re working from a location outside your home or office. This service encrypts everything you do, which protects you from unwanted attention on public Wi-Fi networks and more. The provider can also monitor your actions. but a VPN solves this problem. #12 Manage access rights Managing access rights helps ensure that each person can access the resources they need to do their job well. This will be useful if you’re working with a team of freelance designers. For example, let’s say you have three projects – A, B, and C – and you’ve stored related data in your cloud storage. You then create three teams, one for each project – X, Y, and Z. If a team is working on a project, they only need access to the data they’re working on. For that, you need to manage access rights so each team can view and use just the data they need. If you’re working alone, managing access rights will help you keep client information and account credentials private. No one else needs to know this information, only you. #13 Stay up to date with the latest cyber threats It’s crucial to keep informed about the latest cybersecurity risks and scams to safeguard yourself, and your clients, and anticipate potential threats. A number of newsletters and industry publications, like Gartner and Security.org, cover cybersecurity and highlight the most recent threats and scams. By subscribing to these resources, you can stay aware of what to look for. You could also follow cybersecurity specialists and organizations on social media platforms, such as Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook, to receive information on threats and scams. #14 Attend cybersecurity events Attending industry events and conferences is a great way to update yourself on the latest threats and scams in the field. You’ll even have a chance to learn from experts and meet other professionals in the industry. Don’t forget to enroll in cybersecurity training programs too! These programs will improve your skills and keep your knowledge current. #15 Follow security documentation Having proper documentation is crucial and shouldn’t be overlooked when it comes to security. The documentation must cover the entire product lifecycle and should be prepared by the team responsible for designing and developing the said product. There are three types of documentation: internal, maintenance, and end-use. The documentation for internal use should explain the product thoroughly, allowing OEMs to enhance or debug the product and spot cybersecurity gaps. Every member of the team, the designer in particular, should have access to it and also have an idea of the key positions in the document. OEMs keep this documentation, which should cover but not be restricted to the following: – All functions – Used technologies – High-level and detailed design – Software and hardware architecture Maintenance documents must provide specific information to help and support supervisors, and field or maintenance engineers to safely deploy or commission a product. Such documentation must cover installation and configuration processes, secure deployment and commissioning, troubleshooting guidance, and update/upgrade processes. The documentation designed for end users should concentrate on the secure use of the product throughout its life cycle. The aim of this documentation is to guide end users in using the product in a secure environment and in securely disposing of it at the end of its life cycle. This documentation should be straightforward and easily obtainable and made available either along with the product or on the manufacturer’s website. The end-user documentation must include a variety of aspects like security hardening guidance, firewall rules, secure decommissioning procedures, and other specific instructions as necessary. #16 Integrate cybersecurity into the design To ensure cybersecurity, it’s crucial to integrate it into product and service design from the start of technology projects. Large organizations often have formal governance processes to support software development that includes cybersecurity reviews at various stages of the development lifecycle, as well as vulnerability testing after development is complete. The issue is that when security problems are found towards the end of product development, they can put the project on hold. Then, incorporating security features may require a costly redesign that could have been avoided if they were considered from the start. By making cybersecurity part of the initial design, organizations can avoid these issues and keep up with the demands of digital transformation. #17 Complementary responsibilities Beginning the design process with cybersecurity is vital, but it requires a complete shift in mindset regarding how design and cybersecurity teams work together. Usually, product teams concentrate on developing amazing products and features and tend to regard cybersecurity as an obstacle to be surmounted or entirely avoided in some cases. Meanwhile, cybersecurity teams manage general risks to enterprise computers and evaluate the risks that come with the end product in this context. To make sure that new products and services are secure against online threats, cybersecurity, and design teams should work together. Cybersecurity staff must provide advice and support for security design and architecture, bringing in new abilities and skill sets. This requires a culture of teamwork, a service mindset, and the capability to offer guidance on cybersecurity design – not just simply checking if security standards and practices are met. Product development teams need to be detailed about their products or service requirements to team up with cybersecurity members. The evaluation of complex systems’ cybersecurity posture is difficult. Yet, understanding how they work helps determine what set of controls are needed. Working alongside cybersecurity colleagues, product teams can succeed by identifying crucial components for the project and potential failure outcomes. As we can see, cybersecurity is an important factor to consider in the realm of digital design. Not only do designer-incorporated security measures strengthen customer trust, but they also go a long way in ensuring data protection for both clients and users. Being knowledgeable about cybersecurity basics can guard against the risks that threaten sensitive data, finances, and even websites themselves. Designers must also keep up with the challenges of the digital world. To prevent them from being a weak link in the entire cybersecurity system, the strategies described above should be followed. Employing these strategies can bring peace of mind knowing your materials are secure and enhance user confidence in the process. In the end, it’s worth taking the extra steps needed for optimal protection so you can continue designing with ease and safety always in top-of-mind.

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In today’s competitive job market, the importance of a well-crafted resume cannot be overstated. As technology plays a pivotal role in hiring, understanding and leveraging Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) is crucial for job seekers. In this blog post, we will delve into the intricacies of ATS systems and explore how the strategic use of keywords can significantly impact your resume’s chances of passing through these digital gatekeepers. In the dynamic realm of modern job hunting, where technology intersects with traditional recruitment practices, the role of keywords in a resume has become a critical factor in determining a candidate’s success. Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) has revolutionized the hiring process, streamlining recruitment efforts for employers and creating a digital gateway for job seekers. In this comprehensive exploration, we will delve deeper into the intricacies of ATS systems, unravelling their inner workings and shedding light on the strategic use of keywords that can be the key to unlocking professional opportunities. Understanding ATS Systems: 1. An Overview of ATS Systems: Applicant Tracking Systems are sophisticated software tools organizations employ to manage the overwhelming influx of resumes they receive for job openings. These systems act as digital gatekeepers, systematically organizing and parsing applicant information to facilitate a more efficient hiring process. The advent of technology has revolutionized the recruitment process, with Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) standing as a pivotal component in modern hiring practices. Let’s delve deeper into the intricate mechanisms of ATS systems to understand their role in shaping the trajectory of job applications. a. Definition and Purpose: At their core, ATS systems are sophisticated software applications designed to automate and streamline the recruitment journey for employers. The primary purpose is to efficiently manage the copious influx of resumes received for job openings, mitigating the challenges associated with manual resume screening. b. The Digital Gatekeepers: Acting as digital gatekeepers, ATS systems play a crucial role in the initial stages of the hiring process. They are responsible for sifting through a vast pool of applicants, categorizing resumes, and identifying candidates whose qualifications align with the specific requirements of a job. c. Parsing and Storing Information: ATS systems utilize advanced algorithms to parse and store information from resumes. This involves extracting relevant data such as contact details, skills, work experience, and educational background. The parsed information is then organized in a structured format for easy retrieval and analysis. d. Customizable Criteria for Evaluation: Employers configure ATS systems with customizable criteria to evaluate resumes effectively. These criteria often include keywords, skills, educational qualifications, experience levels, and other attributes specified in the job description. The system then uses these criteria to assess the suitability of candidates for a particular role. e. Enhancing Efficiency and Accuracy: One of the primary advantages of ATS systems is their ability to enhance efficiency and accuracy in the hiring process. By automating the initial screening stages, these systems enable recruiters to focus on evaluating a curated pool of candidates, ultimately saving time and resources. f. Centralized Database Management: Beyond the immediate hiring process, ATS systems contribute to creating and maintaining centralized databases. This ensures that candidate information is easily accessible for future opportunities, fostering a more strategic and sustainable approach to talent acquisition. g. Integration with Recruitment Workflows: ATS systems seamlessly integrate with recruitment workflows, facilitating collaboration among hiring teams. They provide a centralized platform for communication, feedback, and decision-making, streamlining the overall recruitment lifecycle. 2. The Evolution of ATS Systems: a. Historical Context: The evolution of ATS systems can be traced back to the late 20th century when the surge in digitalization prompted organizations to seek efficient ways of managing increasing volumes of resumes. The early ATS iterations were rudimentary, focusing primarily on keyword matching. b. Advancements in Technology: Over the years, ATS systems have evolved significantly, incorporating advanced technologies such as machine learning and natural language processing. These advancements have enhanced the systems’ ability to comprehend nuanced information, making them more adept at identifying qualified candidates. c. Adapting to Changing Recruitment Trends: As recruitment practices continue to evolve, ATS systems adapt to changing trends. Integrations with job boards, social media platforms, and other recruitment channels reflect the dynamic nature of these systems, ensuring they remain relevant in a rapidly changing digital landscape. d. User-Friendly Interfaces: Recognizing the diverse user base, modern ATS systems boast user-friendly interfaces. Recruiters can easily navigate through the systems, customize settings, and extract meaningful insights to make informed hiring decisions. 3. Challenges and Considerations: a. Potential Bias: One critical consideration in using ATS systems is the potential for bias. The algorithms powering these systems may inadvertently perpetuate biases present in historical hiring data. It is crucial for organizations to continually assess and refine their ATS algorithms to mitigate bias and promote diversity. b. Candidate Experience: While ATS systems provide efficiency for employers, it’s essential to consider the candidate’s experience. Job seekers often express frustration with the perceived “black box” nature of ATS, where applications seemingly disappear without feedback. Striking a balance between efficiency and transparency is a key challenge in optimizing the candidate experience. c. Constant Adaptation: The rapid evolution of technology demands constant adaptation from both employers and job seekers. Staying abreast of changes in ATS functionalities, industry trends, and best practices is imperative for navigating the competitive digital recruitment landscape. In conclusion, ATS systems are the backbone of modern recruitment, reshaping the traditional hiring landscape. As both a time-saving tool for employers and a digital challenge for job seekers, understanding the intricacies of ATS systems is paramount. The continuous evolution of these systems, coupled with the ongoing quest for balance between efficiency and fairness, underscores the dynamic nature of the relationship between technology and talent acquisition. In the subsequent sections of this series, we will explore the nuances of how keywords in a resume intertwine with ATS systems and delve into strategies for optimizing resumes to navigate this digital gateway successfully. Decoding ATS Algorithms: ATS systems operate on intricate algorithms that scan, parse, and analyze resumes based on predefined criteria set by employers. These criteria often include specific keywords, skills, educational qualifications, and experience levels. The algorithms aim to match the content of resumes with the requirements outlined in the job description. In the intricate realm of modern recruitment, Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) algorithms act as the silent gatekeepers, determining the fate of countless job applications. Deciphering these algorithms is crucial for job seekers seeking to optimize their resumes and successfully navigate the digital labyrinth of the hiring process. 1. Unveiling the Complexity: a. Algorithmic Parsing: At the heart of ATS systems lies a complex set of algorithms designed to parse and process the content of resumes. Parsing involves breaking down the information into distinct data points, such as skills, work experience, education, and other relevant details. b. Keyword Relevance Scoring: A cornerstone of ATS algorithms is the assignment of relevance scores to resumes based on the presence of specific keywords in a Resume. These scores determine how closely a resume aligns with the criteria set by the employer in the job description. c. Contextual Understanding: Modern ATS algorithms are not limited to simple keyword matching. They leverage advanced technologies, including natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning, to grasp the contextual nuances of the content. This enables a more sophisticated evaluation of a candidate’s qualifications. 2. The Anatomy of ATS Algorithms: a. Keyword Matching: Keywords in a Resume are the lifeblood of ATS algorithms. The system scans for predetermined keywords that directly correlate with the skills, qualifications, and attributes outlined in the job description. Successful keyword matching increases a resume’s chances of progressing through the initial screening. b. Synonym Recognition: To enhance their efficiency, ATS algorithms have evolved to recognize synonyms and variations of keywords in a Resume. This adaptability ensures that even if a candidate uses slightly different terminology, the algorithm can still identify the relevant skills or qualifications. c. Contextual Analysis: Beyond a mere keyword checklist, ATS algorithms engage in contextual analysis. They assess how keywords in a Resume are used within the context of sentences and paragraphs, discerning the depth of a candidate’s experience and understanding the narrative of their professional journey. d. Weighted Scoring: Not all keywords in a Resume carry equal weight. ATS algorithms assign different levels of importance to various keywords based on their relevance to the specific job role. This weighted scoring system ensures a nuanced evaluation of a candidate’s suitability for the position. 3. Strategies for ATS Success: a. Researching Relevant Keywords: Job seekers must invest time in researching and identifying keywords in a resume that are relevant to their industry and the specific job they are applying for. Analyzing job descriptions, industry trends, and related positions helps compile a comprehensive list of effective keywords. b. Strategic Keyword Placement: The strategic placement of keywords within the resume is an art. Key sections, including the summary, skills, and work experience, should naturally feature these keywords in a Resume. However, the emphasis should be on seamless integration rather than forced inclusion. c. Quantifiable Achievements: ATS algorithms are increasingly adept at recognizing and valuing quantifiable achievements. Job seekers should emphasize their accomplishments in a measurable and tangible manner, using numbers, percentages, or specific outcomes to highlight their contributions. d. Customizing Resumes for Each Application: Tailoring resumes for each job application is not merely a suggestion but a necessity. Customization involves aligning the resume’s content, including keywords in the Resume, with the specific requirements outlined in the job description. 4. Continuous Adaptation and Optimization: a. Staying Informed about ATS Updates: ATS algorithms evolve, and staying informed about updates and changes is paramount. Job seekers should proactively understand the functionalities of the latest ATS versions and adjust their resume strategies accordingly. b. Feedback Loop with Recruiters: Establishing a feedback loop with recruiters can provide invaluable insights. Understanding which keywords in a Resume are particularly crucial for a specific role or industry can inform future resume optimization efforts. Cracking the code of ATS algorithms is a strategic imperative for job seekers navigating the competitive landscape of online applications. Beyond a mere checklist of keywords in a Resume, a nuanced understanding of how algorithms parse and interpret content is essential. By incorporating relevant keywords seamlessly, optimizing for context, and adapting to the evolving nature of ATS systems, candidates can enhance their chances of passing the initial digital screening and making a lasting impression on human recruiters. As we delve further into the intricacies of resume optimization, the next segment will explore practical tips for identifying and incorporating the right keywords to successfully navigate the ATS landscape. Streamlining Recruitment for Employers: Employers benefit significantly from the implementation of ATS systems. These systems save time, enhance efficiency, and improve the quality of candidates considered for a particular position. In the fast-paced world of talent acquisition, employers are increasingly turning to innovative solutions to streamline the recruitment process. Among these tools, Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) emerges as a key player, offering many advantages for employers seeking efficiency, organization, and quality in their hiring endeavours. 1. Efficient Resume Management: a. Overcoming Information Overload: The sheer volume of resumes flooding in for a single job opening can be overwhelming for HR departments. ATS systems act as a digital assistant, efficiently organizing and categorizing resumes to ensure that no qualified candidate goes unnoticed. b. Quick Candidate Identification: ATS systems utilize algorithms to swiftly scan and identify resumes that match predefined criteria. This rapid identification process enables recruiters to focus their attention on candidates whose qualifications align with the job requirements. c. Reducing Time-to-Hire: By automating the initial stages of resume screening, ATS systems significantly reduce the time-to-hire. This accelerates the recruitment process and ensures that qualified candidates are engaged promptly, mitigating the risk of losing top talent to competitors. 2. Enhanced Collaboration and Communication: a. Centralized Communication Hub: ATS systems provide a centralized platform for communication among hiring team members. This fosters collaboration, allowing recruiters, hiring managers, and other stakeholders to share feedback, discuss candidates, and make informed decisions within the same digital space. b. Real-Time Updates: The real-time updating capabilities of ATS systems ensure that all team members have access to the latest information regarding candidates’ statuses, interview schedules, and any pertinent developments. This transparency enhances coordination and reduces the likelihood of miscommunication. 3. Quality Candidate Pool: a. Strategic Candidate Screening: ATS algorithms are designed to screen resumes based on specific criteria set by employers. This ensures that candidates progressing to the interview stage are not only numerous but also well-matched to the requirements of the job. b. Consistent Evaluation Metrics: ATS systems contribute to maintaining consistency in the evaluation process. By applying predefined criteria uniformly, employers can objectively assess candidates, minimizing the impact of unconscious biases and promoting fair hiring practices. 4. Compliance and Documentation: a. Ensuring Legal Compliance: ATS systems assist employers in adhering to legal and regulatory requirements by providing a structured framework for managing candidate data. This is particularly crucial in industries where compliance with data protection laws and equal opportunity regulations is paramount. b. Documenting the Recruitment Journey: Every interaction with a candidate, from the initial application to the final hiring decision, is documented within the ATS. This comprehensive documentation not only aids in compliance but also serves as a valuable resource for post-hiring analysis and future strategic planning. 5. Scalability and Adaptability: a. Accommodating Growth: As businesses expand, the need for scalable recruitment solutions becomes apparent. ATS systems can seamlessly accommodate an increasing volume of job applications and adapt to the evolving needs of a growing organization. b. Integration with Other Tools: Modern ATS systems often integrate with other HR tools and platforms, such as job boards, social media, and HRIS (Human Resources Information System). This integration enhances the overall efficiency of the recruitment process and provides a holistic view of the talent landscape. 6. Continuous Improvement Through Analytics: a. Data-Driven Decision-Making: ATS systems generate valuable data and analytics that empower employers to make informed decisions. Metrics such as time-to-hire, source of hire, and candidate conversion rates offer insights that contribute to continuous improvement in recruitment strategies. b. Identifying Areas for Optimization: By analyzing ATS-generated data, employers can identify bottlenecks, inefficiencies, and areas for optimization in their recruitment processes. This iterative approach ensures that the hiring process evolves in tandem with the organization’s changing needs. In conclusion, adopting Applicant Tracking Systems represents a strategic move for employers aiming to navigate the complexities of modern recruitment. From managing the deluge of resumes to fostering collaboration among hiring teams, ATS systems offer a multifaceted solution that aligns with the dynamic landscape of talent acquisition. As employers leverage the efficiency, organization, and insights provided by ATS systems, the recruitment process evolves into a more streamlined and effective endeavour, ultimately contributing to the success and growth of organizations in today’s competitive business environment. The next segment will delve into the pivotal role of keywords in a Resume within the ATS framework, shedding light on how job seekers can strategically position themselves for success in this digital era of hiring. The Role of Keywords: Keywords act as the linchpin in the ATS ecosystem. They are the words or phrases that directly relate to the job description, industry, or specific role. The strategic use of keywords in a resume is pivotal in capturing the attention of both ATS systems and human recruiters.In the contemporary landscape of digital recruitment, where Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) play a pivotal role in the initial screening of resumes, the strategic incorporation of keywords in a Resume is a game-changer for job seekers. Understanding keywords’ nuanced role within the ATS framework is essential for crafting resumes that stand out in the competitive job market. Keywords in a Resume as the ATS Gatekeepers: a. Defining Keywords: Keywords are specific terms or phrases directly related to the skills, qualifications, and attributes employers seek for a particular job role. These can include technical skills, industry-specific terminology, certifications, and other relevant descriptors. b. ATS Matching Algorithm: ATS systems employ algorithms that scan resumes for the presence of predefined keywords. The matching algorithm determines the relevance of a resume based on how well it aligns with the keywords specified in the job description. c. Keyword Relevance Score: The ATS assigns a relevance score to each resume, reflecting the degree of alignment with the specified keywords in a Resume. Resumes with higher relevance scores are more likely to progress through the initial digital screening and capture the attention of recruiters. 2. Identifying and Researching Keywords: a. Analyzing the Job Description: The job description serves as a treasure trove of keywords. Job seekers should carefully analyze the language used in the description, identifying recurring terms and specific skills that are emphasized by the employer. b. Industry Trends and Jargon: Staying informed about industry trends and incorporating industry-specific jargon can enhance the relevance of a resume. Keywords in a Resume reflective of the current industry discourse demonstrate a candidate’s awareness and engagement. c. Tailoring Keywords for Each Application: While certain keywords in a Resume may be universal, tailoring them for each application is crucial. This involves adjusting the emphasis on specific skills and qualifications based on the nuances of each job opportunity. 3. Strategic Placement of Keywords: a. Incorporating Keywords in the Summary: The resume’s summary section provides an excellent opportunity to showcase a candidate’s most relevant skills and qualifications. Including key industry terms in the summary ensures immediate visibility to ATS algorithms. b. Highlighting Skills Section: A dedicated skills section should prominently feature the core competencies required for the targeted position. Using a combination of hard and soft skills as keywords enhances the comprehensiveness of the resume. c. Integration within Work Experience: Sprinkling keywords in a Resume naturally within the descriptions of past work experience provides context and depth to the resume. It’s essential to showcase how these skills were applied in real-world scenarios. 4. Synonyms and Variations: a. Expanding the Keyword Vocabulary: ATS systems are intelligent enough to recognize synonyms and variations of keywords in a Resume. Job seekers should experiment with different phrasings to broaden their keyword vocabulary and increase the likelihood of aligning with the ATS criteria. b. Contextual Use of Synonyms: While incorporating synonyms, it’s crucial to use them contextually. The resume should maintain coherence, presenting a seamless narrative rather than appearing as a mere collection of keywords. 5. The Balance: a. Avoiding Keyword Stuffing: While optimizing for keywords is crucial, overloading a resume with an excessive number of keywords, known as keyword stuffing, can be counterproductive. ATS algorithms are designed to recognize and penalize this practice. b. Crafting a Readable and Engaging Document: Balancing the strategic use of keywords in a Resume with a compelling and readable narrative is key. The ultimate goal is not just to pass through the ATS but to capture the attention of human recruiters who seek well-rounded candidates. 6. Adapting to ATS Evolution: a. Staying Informed about ATS Updates: ATS systems continually evolve, and staying informed about updates is essential. Job seekers should be adaptable and ready to adjust their keyword strategies based on the functionalities of the latest ATS versions. b. Feedback Loop with Recruiters: Establishing a feedback loop with recruiters provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of chosen keywords in a Resume. Understanding which keywords resonate most with hiring professionals enables continuous refinement of resume optimization strategies. In the digital age of recruitment, where the first round of evaluation often occurs within the virtual realm of ATS systems, keywords serve as the currency of visibility. Job seekers who strategically incorporate relevant keywords into their resumes enhance their chances of navigating the initial screening successfully. Beyond merely satisfying the algorithms, the art of keyword optimization lies in presenting a cohesive and compelling narrative that resonates with both ATS and human recruiters. As we delve deeper into resume optimization strategies, the subsequent segment will explore practical tips for tailoring resumes to specific job applications and industries, ensuring a personalized and impactful approach in the competitive job market. Optimizing Your Resume: In the digital realm of Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS), where resumes undergo rigorous scrutiny before reaching human eyes, the art of optimization becomes paramount. Tailoring your resume is not just a suggestion but a strategic imperative to increase visibility and secure your position in the competitive job market. Let’s explore practical tips for optimizing your resume and strategically positioning yourself for success. 1. Tailoring for Each Application: a. Customizing the Summary: Craft a compelling summary that aligns with the specific job you’re applying for. Highlight key skills and experiences relevant to the position to immediately capture the attention of both ATS and human recruiters. b. Emphasizing Relevant Skills: Prioritize and emphasize skills directly related to the job description. This ensures that your resume resonates with the position’s specific requirements, increasing the likelihood of passing through the initial ATS screening. c. Aligning Work Experience: Tailor the descriptions of your past work experiences to showcase achievements and responsibilities that align with the expectations of the new role. Use language from the job description to establish a clear connection. 2. Strategic Placement of Keywords in a Resume: a. Incorporating Keywords Naturally: Integrate keywords seamlessly throughout your resume. Avoid forced or unnatural placements, as readability is crucial for both ATS and human reviewers. b. Utilizing Header and Footer: Extend the reach of your keywords by including relevant terms in the header and footer of your resume. This can enhance your resume’s visibility without disrupting the main content. c. Showcasing Industry-Specific Jargon: If applicable, incorporate industry-specific jargon and terminology. This aligns your resume with the language used in the field and demonstrates your familiarity and expertise. 3. Quantifiable Achievements: a. Highlighting Accomplishments: Instead of solely listing job responsibilities, focus on quantifiable achievements. Use metrics, percentages, and numbers to showcase the impact of your contributions in previous roles. b. Demonstrating Value: Clearly articulate how your actions positively impacted the success of the projects or teams you were involved with. Demonstrating value captures attention and sets you apart as a results-driven candidate. 4. Formatting Finesse: a. Clean and Readable Layout: Opt for a clean and easily readable format. Use standard fonts and bullet points to enhance readability. A well-organized resume is visually appealing and navigable for ATS systems. b. Consistent Formatting: Maintain consistent formatting throughout your resume. This includes uniformity in font styles, bullet points, and heading structures. Consistency helps create a polished and professional document. 5. Tailoring Education and Certifications: a. Relevant Educational Details: Highlight relevant educational experiences, particularly if they directly contribute to the job’s requirements. Tailor this section based on the emphasis placed on education in the job description. b. Showcasing Certifications: If you possess certifications relevant to the industry or role, feature them prominently. Certifications can serve as powerful keywords and add weight to your qualifications. 6. Showcasing Adaptability: a. Demonstrating Learning Agility: In an ever-evolving job market, showcase your ability to adapt and learn. Mention any ongoing professional development, courses, or self-directed learning to demonstrate your commitment to staying current in your field. b. Highlighting Tech Skills: For roles that require technical proficiency, list specific software, tools, or programming languages you are familiar with. This not only serves as keywords but also demonstrates your hands-on experience. 7. Proofreading Your Resume: a. Eliminating Errors: A polished resume is a reflection of your attention to detail. Thoroughly proofread your resume to eliminate grammatical errors, typos, and inconsistencies. Errors can detract from the professionalism of your document. b. Seeking External Feedback: Obtain feedback from peers, mentors, or professional resume services. External perspectives can offer valuable insights and identify areas for improvement that you may have overlooked. 8. Utilizing a Professional Tone: a. Balancing Formality: Tailor the tone of your resume to match the formality expected in your industry. While creativity is encouraged in some fields, maintaining a professional tone is generally advisable. b. Avoiding Personal Pronouns: Refrain from using first-person pronouns (I, me, my) in your resume. Instead, use concise, action-oriented language to describe your experiences and accomplishments. Optimizing your resume is an ongoing and strategic process requiring attention to detail and a keen understanding of the job landscape. By tailoring your resume for each application, strategically incorporating keywords, and showcasing your unique value proposition, you position yourself as a top contender in the eyes of both ATS systems and human recruiters. Remember, your resume is not just a document; it’s your personal marketing tool, and with the right optimization strategies, you can elevate it to effectively communicate your qualifications and make a lasting impression on potential employers. As we delve deeper into the dynamics of resume crafting, the subsequent segment will explore the role of visual elements and design principles in creating resumes that stand out in the digital age. Additional Tips for Success: In the dynamic world of job applications, where competition is fierce and first impressions matter, implementing additional strategies can further enhance the impact of your resume. Beyond the foundational elements of optimization, consider these additional tips to refine and elevate your professional image. 1. Crafting an Engaging Professional Summary: a. Concise Storytelling: Use the professional summary to tell a concise and compelling story about your career journey. Highlight key achievements, skills, and your unique value proposition. Make it a captivating snapshot that entices recruiters to delve deeper into your resume. b. Aligning with Company Culture: Tailor your professional summary to align with the culture and values of the target company. Researching the organization’s mission and values allows you to infuse your summary with language that resonates with the employer. 2. Leveraging a Strong Action Verbs: a. Powerful Language: Replace passive language with strong action verbs when describing your experiences. Action verbs convey a sense of initiative and impact, making your contributions more dynamic and engaging. b. Varied Vocabulary: Utilize a varied vocabulary to describe your responsibilities and achievements. This adds richness to your resume and demonstrates your ability to articulate your professional experiences with nuance. 3. Incorporating a Professional Email Address: a. Simple and Clear: Ensure that your email address is professional, simple, and easy to understand. Avoid using nicknames or overly complex combinations. A professional email address contributes to a polished and credible image. 4. Including a LinkedIn Profile: a. Optimizing Your LinkedIn: If you have a LinkedIn profile, include the link in your resume. Ensure that your LinkedIn profile is comprehensive, aligned with your resume, and showcases additional details, recommendations, and a professional network. b. Consistency in Branding: Maintain consistency between your resume and LinkedIn profile. The professional branding across both platforms reinforces your credibility and presents a cohesive professional identity. 5. Addressing Employment Gaps: a. Transparent Communication: Address employment gaps proactively. Use the cover letter or resume to provide a brief, transparent explanation for any gaps in employment. This shows honesty and prevents potential concerns. b. Highlighting Skills During Gaps: If applicable, highlight any skills or experiences gained during periods of unemployment. This demonstrates your commitment to personal and professional development, even during transitional phases. 6. Including a Relevant Hobbies or Interests Section: a. Strategic Relevance: If space permits and it’s relevant to the job, consider adding a section highlighting hobbies or interests. Choose activities that showcase skills or qualities beneficial to the position, reinforcing your suitability for the role. b. Avoiding Generic Terms: Be specific and avoid generic terms. Instead of simply stating “reading” or “travelling,” provide more detailed insights, such as the genres you enjoy or specific destinations you’ve explored. 7. Creating a Visually Appealing Resume: a. Professional Design Elements: Implement clean and professional design elements. Choose a visually appealing layout with clear sections, appropriate fonts, and consistent formatting. A well-designed resume contributes to a positive first impression. b. Incorporating White Space: Use white space strategically to enhance readability. A well-balanced layout with sufficient white space ensures that your resume is visually inviting and easy to navigate. 8. Showcasing Professional Development: a. Continuous Learning: Highlight any professional development courses, workshops, or certifications you’ve undertaken. This reinforces your commitment to ongoing learning and staying abreast of industry trends. b. Relevant Training Programs: Prioritize showcasing training programs that directly align with the requirements of the job. This signals to employers that you have the latest knowledge and skills relevant to the position. 9. Utilizing a Targeted Cover Letter: a. Addressing Specific Job Requirements: Craft a targeted cover letter that directly addresses the job’s specific requirements. Use this opportunity to provide additional context, showcase enthusiasm, and express how your skills align with the company’s needs. b. Personalizing Content: Personalize the content of your cover letter by mentioning key details about the company and role. Avoid generic templates, and instead, tailor your letter to make a strong case for why you are the ideal candidate. 10. Seeking Professional Guidance: a. Resume Review Services: Consider utilizing professional resume review services. Expert feedback can provide valuable insights, identify areas for improvement, and ensure that your resume meets industry standards. b. Networking and Mentoring: Leverage networking opportunities and seek guidance from mentors in your industry. Insights from experienced professionals can offer valuable perspectives and enhance your resume strategy. Optimizing your resume goes beyond the technicalities of keyword inclusion; it encompasses a holistic approach to presenting yourself as a compelling candidate. By incorporating these additional tips, you enhance your resume’s effectiveness and elevate your overall professional image. Remember, your resume is a dynamic document that evolves with your career, and continuous refinement is key to staying competitive in the ever-evolving job market. As we delve deeper into the nuances of resume crafting, the subsequent segment will explore the importance of tailoring resumes to different industries and roles, providing insights into adapting your approach for maximum impact. In the contemporary landscape of job applications, the symbiotic relationship between resumes, keywords, and ATS systems is undeniable. Job seekers with a profound understanding of these dynamics can confidently navigate the digital landscape. By strategically incorporating relevant keywords in a Resume, optimizing the resume for ATS compatibility, and adhering to best practices, candidates can significantly enhance their chances of passing through the initial digital screening and captivating the attention of discerning hiring managers. As the employment landscape continues to evolve, recognizing the role of keywords in a resume remains a cornerstone for professional success. Transform Your Resume Instantly with Resumofy Experience the future of resume building with Resumofy. Our AI-driven platform helps you create job-winning resumes quickly. Customize your resume with AI-powered edits and manage applications seamlessly. Use our ML system to analyze your resume’s effectiveness. And don’t miss out on creating a personalized cover letter with our AI tool. Get started at Resumofy. Also, read The Evolution of Resumes: From Traditional to Modern Formats

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Latitude: 52.147 / 52°8'49"N Longitude: -2.2427 / 2°14'33"W OS Eastings: 383487 OS Northings: 249885 OS Grid: SO834498 Mapcode National: GBR 1GP.9T2 Mapcode Global: VH930.29QG Plus Code: 9C4V4QW4+RW Entry Name: Stanbrook Abbey and Stanbrook Abbey Church Listing Date: 25 March 1968 Source: Historic England Source ID: 1098751 English Heritage Legacy ID: 153424 ID on this website: 101098751 Location: Stanbrook Abbey, Stanbrook, Malvern Hills, Worcestershire, WR2 District: Malvern Hills Town: Malvern Hills Civil Parish: Powick Built-Up Area: Callow End Traditional County: Worcestershire Lieutenancy Area (Ceremonial County): Worcestershire Church of England Parish: Powick Church of England Diocese: Worcester Tagged with: Church building Stanbrook Abbey and Stanbrook Abbey Church Roman Catholic abbey buildings and Church of Our Lady of Consolation. DATE AND ARCHITECTS: Stanbrook Hall [now Presbytery] C18/early C19; Abbey buildings of 1838 by Charles Day; New Church and cloisters of 1869-1871 by E.W. Pugin; Holy Thorn Chapel of 1885-1886 by P.P. Pugin; Abbey buildings by Peter Paul and Cuthbert Welby Pugin and George Coppinger Ashlin of 1878-1880, 1895-1898 and 1898-1900. MATERIALS: Whitewashed brick with slate roofs, red brick with ashlar dressings and tiled roof. PLAN: Single storey, two and three storey ranges with attics and basements set around two open, cloistered quadrangles with the church and Via Crucis cloister dividing them. The PRESBYTERY building [formerly part of Stanbrook Hall] is of Flemish bond brick to which fragments of colourwash still adhere,with a hipped slate roof. The entrance front has a projecting, single storey porch at right of centre with Tuscan semi columns at either side of a four panel door with rectangular fanlight which formerly stood on the opposite,north east face. To left of this is a round arched staircase window at mezzanine level. At right are two further bays divided by an external chimneystack and at left is the former, lower service wing which probably formed the C18 cottage to which a third storey was added in the early C19. The right reveal is connected at ground floor level to the cloister added by E.W. Pugin and at first floor level there is a blocked tripartite window with panelled parapet above. The rear north west front has four bays with stone cills and keystones to the windows and a panelled parapet. There is a projecting stone band between the floors. Two of the first floor windows are blocked. At right is later brickwork where a projecting wing was demolished. The interior has a good staircase with three moulded balusters to each tread, a ramped handrail and column newels. THE WING CONTAINING THE ABBEY ADDITIONS OF 1838 by Charles Day is to the north-west of the original Stanbrook Hall [to which it was formerly connected]. The chapel wing has to its north west face a series of seven round arched windows and dummy windows at first floor level with an eighth,matching niche. At ground floor level are a projecting extern chapel at left and a lean-to, early C20 loggia at right. The chapel has a stone cornice and a parapet which ramps up at left. The north east face has three bays with a central door and twelve pane sashes. The former chapter house has three round arched windows at ground floor level. The interior of the chapel has a rectangular body with canted walls at the ritualistic east end and an altar recess with a fixed altarpiece on canvas showing a Lamentation lit by an oval skylight. The former chapter house has iron columns at the south east end. The school has a staircase with stick balusters and a ramped handrail with wreathed curtail. The two classrooms have their original fittings, including double connecting doors, window shutters, high dado rails and nails and brackets for hanging charts on the walls. THE CHURCH ADDED BY E.W. PUGIN IN 1869-1871 is approached by cloister walks, also designed by him which connect to the earlier abbey buildings. These have simple, square headed windows and encaustic tiles to the floor and the roofs were originally of Seddon's Roman tiles [one pitch of the Priests' cloister survives]. The approach to the west door of the chapel was formerly by the Via Crucis which has traceried windows with stained glass. Between, and connected by a continuous hood mould, are placed fourteen Stations of the Cross, carved by R.L. Boulton. The cloister is vaulted by transverse ribs which are closely set. The Chapel has similar vaulting throughout. It has five bays to the nave of two light windows with quatrefoil and cinquefoil heads divided by offset buttresses and two and a half bays to the chancel marked by two large windows on the north side and five lancets on the south. The south side has the projecting Extern chapel and Chapel of the Holy Thorn and the north side has a projecting, gabled organ loft and a gabled porch, to the left of which is a lean-to storeroom of the 1960s. The roof of the church is covered in John Pollard Seddon's Patent Roman tiles. At the west end is the tower and circular stair turret, both of which have alternating bands of brick and ashlar to their full height. The turret has a battered base and a conical cap with iron cross finial. The ends of the stair treads can be seen in the brickwork. The tower has a sunken two light west window with sexfoil head above which is a clock face and two louvred belfry openings and there are similar windows to the flanks. The parapet is battlemented with gargoyles to the angles. The interior has a floor of Minton tiles showing symbols of the faith and order with wide black borders which form a grid. The capitals, by R.L. Boulton, are richly carved and six are set low above the choir stalls. They show angels bearing musical instruments and singing [as in the Benedictine Rule which cites Psalm 137/8 " In the sight of the Angels I will sing to you" ]. The stalls are of New Zealand satinwood and mostly fitted between 1871 and c.1926. The western end was re-ordered in 1894 when the west approach from the Via Crucis was blocked and the abbatial throne,to the design of P.P. Pugin, was added. The pews and desks have richly carved bench ends. The organ case to the north side is also of Kauri pine and carved with trumpeter angels in roundels and a passage from Psalm 150 "Omnis spiritus laudet Dominum". At the western end above the abbatial throne is an opening through to the tower space or belltribune which is vaulted. The eastern [chancel] end was re-ordered in 1971 with the loss of the original altar, altar steps, reredos, iron screen and rood. The floor was also re-paved. Wall painting by Clayton and Bell of 1878 had been painted over at some date before 1950 and this was further covered with a textured wall coating. The altar of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in the Extern Chapel was also removed. There remain stained glass windows by Hardman to the chancel and chapel including the large east rose window which shows Our Lady of Consolation protecting Benedictine nuns. The Chapel of the Holy Thorn was added to the south side by P.P. Pugin in 1885 and is built externally in the form of a medieval reliquary shrine. It contains two tombs with recumbent effigies, that to Dom. Laurence Shepherd [d. 1885] by P.P. Pugin, carved by Boulton and that to Abbess Gertrude d'Aurillac Dubois [d. 1897] by Dame Beatrice Brown OSB. The altar has paired niches at either side of a central quatrefoil. On the surface is a tabernacle of alabaster with a silver door set with garnets showing a Pelican in her Piety. The reredos takes the form of a Pieta set in a deep foiled niche with richly carved arch at either side and below which are columns of coloured marbles. THE EAST AND NORTH RANGES OF ABBEY BUILDINGS built to designs of P.P. and C.W. Pugin and G.C. Ashlin in 1878-1880 [East range and north range basement] and 1895-1898 [North wing]. EXTERIOR: The ranges continue the overall aesthetic of the chapel with walls of red brick and stone dressings. There are continuous moulded sill bands and flush bands at the level of the springing of the window arches. The east face has twelve bays with four pane sash windows to the ground floor with arched, blank tympana and hood moulds with figurehead stops. To the first floor are alternating paired and single lancets and the second floor has gabled dormers [above the paired lancets] and single square headed windows. There are four gabled attic lights. To the right is a projecting gabled wing with three bays and a rose window to the gable. At the corner between the east and north faces is a canopied niche containing a statue of St. Peter by Boulton. The north face has the projecting kitchen and scullery range at near centre. These have Tudor Gothic windows and a slate roof of shallow pitch. To the left are four bays, similar to the east face and there is a projecting gabled wing at left with a rose window to the gable. To the right of the kitchen are a staircase with three mezzanine windows to right of which are the five double height windows of the refectory, each of three lights with transoms and with four centered heads and Perpendicular tracery divided by offset buttresses .At second floor level are transomed three light windows and there are two light gabled dormers above. The walling at far right is keyed to accept the walling of the unbuilt school wing. The sides facing the cloister garth are similar to both wings and have paired lancets with hood moulds and uncarved block stops at ground floor level and are divided by offset buttresses. There are lancets with cusped heads to the first floor and square headed windows to the second floor. The north range has exposed two light basement windows with an iron railing and there are two light dormers with bargeboards, sceptres and iron finials. The left of the north range is keyed to receive the brickwork of the unbuilt west range.T he roof to the east range has been replaced with artificial slates and a number of rooflights to the workrooms and attics have been fitted to both ranges. INTERIOR: The ground floor rooms of both ranges lead off from cloister corridors. These have floors of black and buff tiles laid diagonally and beamed ceilings.The chief architectural feature is formed by the series of wide, transverse vaults which have hollow and keel mouldings tying into the chamfered piers. To the base of each chamfer are offset and broach stops. At the angle between the two cloister walks the north east staircase leads up to all floors. It has massive treads of limestone which rise in a dogleg around a central light and heating well, the side walls of which are punctured by arcuated triangles, and which has a wrought iron balustrade to its upper flight. The refectory has a beamed ceiling and four trusses with tracery to the spandrels supported on stone corbels. To the west end is panelling and a large wooden crucifix and at the east end a pulpit with canopy. The last three are by Robert Thompson of Kilburn. The kitchen, pantry and scullery conform to their one plan form as originally built, although fitted with modern equipment. The cellars beneath the north range also retain their plan for the laundry rooms and the original large bread oven made by Parker of Birmingham in the tiled bake house. At first floor level the abbess's room and its ante-room retain their fireplaces and the linen room has its original cupboards and linen presses lining the walls. The corridors to the top three floors are all centrally heated with radiators, but the cells have only pipes. Each cell has its original door with chamfered detailing. The circular inlets for the ventilation system are in situ as is the dumbwaiter leading from the pantry to the first and third floors. The nuns' common room or calefactory on the second floor above the refectory has been formed from two smaller rooms and has a fireplace at each end. The timber staircase to the north wing has an elaborate balustrade with chamfered timbers set vertically and diagonally. THE SACRISTY added to the east end of the church in the 1899 has Tudor fenestration and projecting gabled wings at either side, and a parapetted flat roof to the centre in front of the chapel rose window. The left gable has a three light window with traceried head and the right gable has a central projecting chimney with canopied niche containing a statue of the Virgin and Child by Boulton. INTERIOR: The principal room is top lit with a trio of doors leading to the staircase hall, the Nazareth and the basement. Above is a traceried screen. There are fitted cupboards including one which connects to the boys' sacristy and a wicket and the curved wall of a former "turn" for passing objects through to the enclosure. There are two timber staircases both of which have an elaborate balustrade. The C20 Cloister Ranges and Sun Room are largely functional in their design. They are not considered to be of interest. HISTORY: The Benedictine nunnery for English ladies at Cambrai founded in 1623 was expelled from France in 1795. In 1835 they bought Stanbrook Hall, a small country house adapted by Richard Case in 1755. The County Surveyor for Worcestershire, Charles Day, added a classical range including a chapel, chapter house and school rooms from 1835-38. Between 1869 and 1871 a new, Gothic church was built to the designs of E.W. Pugin, together with connecting cloister passages and an elaborate cloister leading to the west doors of the church. It seems likely that E.W. Pugin designed a quadrangular group of abbey buildings but these were not put up, instead a new set of plans for an ideal abbey were drafted by two members of the Benedictine order, Dom. Laurence Shepherd and Dom. Hildebrand de Hemptinne and these were partially realised, with some alterations, by P.P. Pugin, C.W. Pugin and G.C. Ashlin between 1878 and 1898 and the Chapel of the Holy Thorn was added by P.P. Pugin in 1885-86. In 1963-64 Martin Fisher of Bath added two further ranges of cloisters to complete one quadrangle. The high altar was altered in 1937-38 and in 1971 the eastern end of the church was greatly simplified with the removal of many original fittings. SUMMARY OF IMPORTANCE: Stanbrook Abbey is a rare and largely complete example of early Roman Catholic architecture in this country following the passage of the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1827. The mid-C19 additions, by the noted Catholic architectural practice of Peter Paul and Cuthbert Welby Pugin and their brother-in-law G C Ashlin, possess clear special architectural interest, and are of historical interest too for their place in Catholicism's flourishing in High Victorian England. Function, decoration, architectural quality are all evident, but the alterations to the church and the impact of later additions warrant listing in Grade II. SOURCES: N.Pevsner, Buildings of England, Worcestershire (1968) ,246; Victoria County History, Worcestershire Vol 4 (1924), 184; Michael Hill, Conservation Plan on behalf of the Benedictine Community at Stanbrook Abbey, Callow End, Worcestershire, April 2005; Roderick O'Donnell,The Pugins and the Catholic Midlands (2002),116-117. External links are from the relevant listing authority and, where applicable, Wikidata. Wikidata IDs may be related buildings as well as this specific building. If you want to add or update a link, you will need to do so by editing the Wikidata entry. Other nearby listed buildings

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If you need to quickly get your FBI report Apostilled by the US Department of State, we can help you get it processed 3 business days and Priority mailed to you on the 4th business day, so thay it only takes about a week for you to receive it start to finish (excluding weekends and holidays). If you plan to travel to a foreign country to live, work or attend school, many countries now require your FBI report to be Apostilled (certified/authenticated) by the U.S. Department of State. An Apostille is a certification provided under the Hague Convention of 1961 for authenticating documents for use in foreign countries. Documents destined for Hague Convention countries require an Apostille from the Secretary of State. The first step is to obtain your official FBI report (also known as a Criminal History Identity Summary or Police Clearance Certificate). You can obtain your FBI report by mailing fingerprint cards directly to the FBI or we at Budget Fingerprinting can help you get it much faster by utilizing our state-of-the-art technologically advanced digital live scan system, even if you are not located close to our office – we have hard card scanning capability. Once you have your FBI report, the fastest way to get it Apostilled by the U.S. Department of State is to email us your PDF of your FBI report. We’ll then have the State Department begin the Apostille process for the country that you will need it to be Apostilled for. Our expedited process only takes 3 business days, and then on business day 4 we send your FBI report back to you with the attached Apostille from the Secretary of State. We will provide you with the Priority Mail tracking number. It only takes about 1 week for you to receive your Apostille. Nobody can get it faster for you than Budget Fingerprinting can! FBI Report via Live Scan Fingerprinting Official FBI Criminal History Reports FAST! The FBI Criminal History Report is also known as a Criminal Identity History Summary, Police Clearance Certificate, and Rap Sheet. COMPLETELY AUTOMATED electronic fingerprint transmission through an FBI approved Channeler. This is the fastest way to obtain an official FBI criminal history report to live, work, or travel in a foreign country, for personal review, foreign adoption, or attorney requests. Per the FBI, the report is not to be used for the purpose of licensing or employment. If you are not located close to our Irving, Texas office, we can still help you by scanning completed fingerprint cards and by submitting them electronically. For live scan service for the FBI report, you are required to either be a US Citizen or a Legal Permanent Resident with a current green card. If you are neither one, you will be required to send traditional ink fingerprint cards to the FBI for processing and we can help you with certified ink fingerprinting on the FBI FD-258 fingerprint cards. When time is of the essence, our digital live scan procedure is your best option as most reports are received within a couple of hours after being fingerprinted. Budget Fingerprinting can help you obtain an authentic FBI criminal history report by digital live scan electronic transmission so that you don’t have to wait days or weeks to receive your report. Most often, you will receive your FBI report within a couple of hours after we transmit your fingerprints to the FBI. The FBI manually processes FD-258 fingerprint cards sent in from all over the country so because of their enormous daily workload, it can take them several days to process a criminal history report for you. When we transmit your fingerprints via live scan electronically, the FBI’s computer system runs your fingerprints against their criminal databases lightening fast without the need for manual processing, thus significantly shortening the turnaround time for you to receive your report (within hours vs. several days). Some of the most common reasons for obtaining an FBI criminal history report are for: - Personal review to ensure accurate information reporting or to review prior to applying for job positions that will require a criminal history background check. - Foreign adoptions. - Foreign travel or international student or work visas. - To establish residency and live in another country. - Attorney requests or for court related matters. - To challenge errors and inaccurate information. An individual may obtain a copy of his or her FBI criminal identification record for review and correction purposes, to challenge the information on record, for court-related matters, or to meet requirements to live, work or travel in a foreign country. Your fingerprints are electronically transmitted to an approved FBI Channeler for a complete search of FBI criminal history records through the FBI’s CJIS Division. Your personal criminal history report will encompass arrest records from all 50 states and over 3,000 counties across the United States. If you prefer, your FBI Criminal Report can be printed on tamper proof blue security paper to prevent fraudulent changes or modifications. FBI security standards require FBI Channelers to purge all FBI criminal report information within 1 month after it has been delivered to you. Because of these guidelines, it is best practice for you to save the PDF of your FBI report in case you need additional copies. FBI criminal history reports may be submitted to the U.S. Department of State in order to obtain an Apostille (authentication) Certificate. Many countries now require this additional step prior to issuing your visa or residency in their country. Budget Fingerprinting can help you obtain the Apostille Certificate within a week! You may not request an FBI report transmitted through an FBI Channeler for employment and/or licensing purposes within the United States. This type of request should be coordinated with the appropriate state identification bureau (or state police) for the correct procedures, which normally requires fingerprint card submission or live scan transmission to the particular state processing the background check. Additionally, Budget Fingerprinting is certified to fingerprint by ink on fingerprint cards, or by digital transfer to fingerprint cards, as requested for any state application (all 50 states), Immigration, and most reasons that traditional ink fingerprinting is required. We are now authorized to transmit by live scan to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement as an approved live scan device vendor, including hard card scanning capability. We are highly trained and experienced to maximize the quality of fingerprint images obtained on our technically advanced state-of-the-art live scan equipment, which significantly reduces the likelihood of transmitting illegible fingerprints (less than a 1% rejection rate). The live scan software has built in FBI scoring algorithm to help guide us towards obtaining the best fingerprints possible. Florida (FDLE) Live Scan Transmission We are FDLE authorized to process live scan fingerprint transmissions directly to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) for Level 2 background checks. You will need to provide us with an ORI number (Originating Agency Identifier). If you are not located close to our Irving, Texas office, we can still help you by scanning in completed fingerprint cards into our FDLE software to submit to Florida electronically. Most background checks are completed within 24 hours and you will be given a Transaction Control Number (TCN) that is unique to your individual fingerprint record so that you can keep track of your background check on the FDLE website. What is an ORI number? An ORI number is a code that tells us why you are getting a Florida criminal background history check. You will be given instructions (from the regulatory agency requiring a background check) that includes a specific ORI number (Originating Agency Identifier). Florida Live Scan background checks are completed within 1 – 3 business days (most often 1 day) of receiving your electronic fingerprint transmission. Your employer or regulatory agency will provide you with the ORI and Budget Fingerprinting is not responsible for selecting the correct ORI number for you. It is important to use the correct ORI number when we transmit your fingerprint records to FDLE so that the correct agency requesting your background check will receive your completed background check results. We are an approved Live Scan Vendor by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement to submit your fingerprints electronically. Section 435.04 mandates that Level 2 background security investigations be conducted on employees, defined as individuals, required by law to be fingerprinted pursuant to Chapter 435. You can verify that we are on the FDLE approved Live Scan Device Vendors and Service Providers list. Just go to this link http://www.fdle.state.fl.us/Criminal-History-Records/Documents/ApplicantLivescanService-ProvidersVendors.aspx. You may also verify we are approved by calling FDLE at (850) 410-8161 (FDLE Criminal History Services Section). We are listed at the top, shown as DallasLiveScanFingerprinting.com. If you reside out of state or are unable to visit our location to be fingerprinted, we have a solution for you! We utilize advanced scanning technology to convert traditional ink fingerprint cards (“hard cards”) into an electronic fingerprint record, then we transmit fingerprints electronically to FDLE just as if we had scanned your fingerprints in person. Converting a “hard card” into an electronic record enables an applicant to have their fingerprint record processed more efficiently than traveling to our office! Just call or email us if you need more information regarding this convenient hard card scanning process. FINRA Electronic Fingerprint Submission (EFS) FINRA is the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority FINRA electronic fingerprint submission (EFS) is the fastest way to obtain results for your FINRA background check. For electronic submission, we'll need your company's CRD number, and company name & address as listed with FINRA. Budget Fingerprinting is authorized to handle all of your electronic fingerprint submissions (EFS) to FINRA. We have been approved to submit EFS under the guidelines established by the FBI and FINRA. Currently, there are less than 15 companies in the U.S. with the capability and authorization to submit fingerprints electronically to FINRA and we are proud to be one of them! As a certified vendor, we offer a secured connection where fingerprints can be submitted electronically with results being delivered back to the broker dealer through the FINRA CRD. Electronic fingerprint submissions allow for much faster processing times vs traditional ink fingerprint card processing, higher quality fingerprints as scored on our live scan system by the FINRA and FBI scoring algorithm, reduced rejection rates, and lower FINRA fingerprint processing fees assessed to financial firms that are requesting the background checks. Our advanced digital fingerprinting software is capable of capturing digital fingerprints and archiving them in our secure server for future fingerprint card printing. This is inkless, clean and efficient and eliminates the need for you to continuously get fingerprinted over and over again. We scan your fingerprints, then store them securely, and print fingerprint cards as you need them on any type of fingerprint card, including all state specific cards. We fingerprint in our Irving office or at your location. Just call for a price quote and convenient scheduling at (214) 529-8157. Archiving fingerprints provides accuracy and convenience: When company executives and employees need to get their fingerprints recorded over and over again, it’s much more convenient to digitally record them in 5 minutes per person and store them for future use. When executives are required to complete multiple fingerprint cards for many different states (10 or more cards for example), this archiving process is so much easier than fingerprinting them by traditional ink …. card after card after card. Our process saves them time by fingerprinting once (and quickly) and they do not need to be fingerprinted over and over again in the future. A common misconception about printing digital fingerprints onto cards (and we hear this every day) is that some states won’t accept them, that they must be ink fingerprints and not digital live scan. All states and agencies accept fingerprints digitally printed onto fingerprint cards. They are not being transmitted electronically, they are only being printed as black ink fingerprints just the same as traditional ink pad rolled fingerprints. Whether the fingerprint comes from the ink pad or the laser jet printer, they are black ink fingerprints on fingerprint cards. Digitally scanned and printed fingerprints are actually preferred because the fingerprints are often more clear, they are smudge proof, and the FBI scoring algorithm built into our software scores each fingerprint and tells us if we have good, bad or fair scoring fingerprints. In this example, you would simply call us to print off additional fingerprint cards in the future (including state specific cards) and we would get them sent out to you quickly from our office. We make fingerprinting a very simple process for you! If you have executives or employees in other states, we can scan their fingerprint cards into our digital system and archive their fingerprints for future fingerprint card printing too! All we need for them to do is get fingerprinted in their area and send us the fingerprint cards to scan into our system. We make the process easy for everyone involved! Digital fingerprint archiving is by far your best, most convenient option. However, we do also offer traditional ink fingerprinting if archiving is not your preference and we are very proficient and experienced at recording excellent fingerprints for you by either method. Dallas – Fort Worth TX Mobile Notary Services Most types of documents can be notarized: Color passport photos (2" x 2"). The following parameters are verified for compliance for your passport photos:

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Updated: March 15th, 2023 PLEASE READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY AS IT CONSTITUTES A LEGALLY BINDING AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND CHEXY INC. (“CHEXY”, “ WE”, “ OUR” or “US”) IN RESPECT OF ACCESS AND USE OF CHEXY’S WEBSITE LOCATED AT WWW.CHEXY.CO AND ANY SUBDOMAINS USED IN CONNECTION WITH OR RELATED TO THE SAME AND ANY ITS FUTURE VERSIONS (“WEBSITE”). THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPLY TO ALL USERS OF THE WEBSITE, INCLUDING MERCHANTS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS, PERSONS WHO USE THE WEBSITE AND USERS WHO SIMPLY VIEW THE CONTENT ON OR AVAILABLE THROUGH THE WEBSITE (“CONTENT”). THE WEBSITE IS USED TO DELIVER FINANCIAL SERVICES WHICH MAY BE SUBJECT TO ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE AGREEMENT AND ANY APPLICABLE AGREEMENTS WITH OUR THIRD-PARTY SERVICE PROVIDERS. BY ACCESSING, BROWSING AND USING THE WEBSITE, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE READ AND ACCEPT THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, THEN YOU MAY NOT ACCESS OR USE THE WEBSITE. 1.1 | Definitions. When used in this Agreement, each of the following words and phrases shall have the meanings set out below: "Account Profile" means a user's account created for unique identification; "Credit Card Payment" refers to the use of the Services to make a payment of rents or fees via credit card by tenants or property owners to their Landlords or property managers (as applicable); "Debit Card Payment" refers to the use of the Services to make a payment of rents or fees via Visa debit card or MasterCard debit card by tenants or property owners to their Landlords or property managers (as applicable); "Bank Account Payment" refers to the use of the Services to make a payment of rents or fees via checking/chequing bank account by tenants or property owners to their Landlords or property managers (as applicable). "Force Majeure" means any act, occurrence, condition or event beyond the control of a party that materially affects the performance of that party's obligations under this Agreement that could not reasonably have been foreseen or provided against, including such events as fires, telecommunications or utility or power failures, governmental or quasi-governmental acts, equipment failures, labour strife, riots, war, non-performance of our vendors or suppliers, acts of God, but not including general economic conditions; "Indemnified Parties" means Chexy and its subsidiaries, parents, affiliates, officers, directors, agents, employees, consultants, customers, suppliers and other representatives, taken collectively; "Landlord" means the person with whom you have a lease agreement under which you are using the Services to facilitate Payment; "Lease" refers to the written lease agreement between a User and Landlord; "Linked Sites" means third-party websites or applications accessed through our Website; "Payment" or “Payments” means a Credit Card Payment, Debit Card Payment, Bank Account Payment or a Cash Payment as the case may be; "Payment Amount" refers to the aggregate dollar value of a Payment exclusive of the Service Fee; "Payment Processor" means Chexy's third-party payment processor; "Recurring Payment" refers to an automatic recurring payment processed monthly on the date that you or your property manager selected; "Service Fee" means the fee charged by Chexy to you when you use the Payment Service and a Credit Card Payment, Debit Card Payment, or Bank Account Payment is accepted by Chexy. The Service Fee that you may be charged for using the Services will be stated in the onboarding process prior to the Payment being submitted to Chexy for acceptance; "Services" means the internet Payment services offered through the Website, as well as rewards any other services offered by us to users from time to time; "Third Party Services" refers to the services provided by third parties that users may access through the Website, including but not limited to Payment Processors and user rewards; "Users" or "User" means any user of our Services, including, but not limited to, tenants, channel partners, and all employees, representatives, consultants, contractors, or agents who are authorized by you to use our Services; and "Website" means the website located at www.chexy.co, and all related webpages. 2. Eligibility and your Account 2.2 | Your Account. When you enroll to use our Services, you must create a Chexy account and provide an Account Profile. You agree to keep the information in your profile accurate and current. You may opt out of communications, delete your account, and remove payment method details but your payment history and any information linked to those transactions, including any applicable credit reporting, will remain in our system and any information as required or permitted by law. 2.3 | Eligibility. To be eligible to use our Services, you must be either (1) an individual who is of legal age to be able to form legally binding contracts in their jurisdiction of residence or legally act on behalf of an individual under applicable law with a mailing address in Canada; or (2) a corporation, partnership, or other legal entity duly formed (and incorporated, if applicable), in good standing, and have the power and authority to enter into this agreement and perform the acts as required by you under this Agreement. You may use the Services on your own behalf or as the authorized representative of a corporation registered to conduct business in the same country in which you reside. No machines, scripts or automated services may be used to access or use the Services. 2.4 | Identity Authentication. You hereby authorize us, directly or through third parties, to make any inquiries we consider necessary to validate your identity. This may include asking you for further information, requiring you to take steps to confirm ownership of your email address or financial instruments, and verifying your information against third-party databases or through other sources. You represent and warrant that you have the power and authority to provide this information to us. Third Party Services 3.1 | General Third Party Liability Disclaimer. Our Website may contain Linked Sites through which you can access the provision of Third Party Services. These Linked Sites are provided solely as a convenience to our Users. The Third Party Services found through the Linked Sites are not under Chexy’s control, and Chexy is not responsible for the quality of the Third Party Services or the content of such Linked Sites, including any information or materials contained on such Linked Sites. Chexy may process payments in respect of Third Party Services and/or receive referral fees or revenue sharing in respect of your use of any Third Party Services. You should use your own discretion when evaluating and using the Linked Sites and Third Party Services. 3.2 | Third-Party Credit Services. Chexy not a consumer credit provider or micro-lender and does not carry on any activity in respect of credit or lending services, including but not limited to, soliciting applications for credit services, issuing or delivering contracts for credit, advertising for any credit products or collecting or receiving payment for credit contracts. All credit products and services included in the content on our Website or through Linked Sites to Third Party Services, including content and links relating to any credit providers such as PayPal Credit, are being provided by third parties and are not Chexy products or endorsed or controlled in any way by Chexy. 4. Making Payments 4.1 | Payment Processor. When you make a Payment using our Services, our Payment Processor relays the credit card authorization requests and responses between you and your debit or credit card issuing bank (or one or more credit card agencies). 4.2 | Service Fee. Immediately after you make a Payment using the Service, Chexy will charge you a non-refundable Service Fee. This Service Fee is payable in addition to (and in advance of) the Payment Amount. Service Fees vary based on subscription tier and payment method used. 4.3 | Taxes. It is your responsibility to determine what, if any, taxes apply to the Payments you make, and it is your responsibility to collect, report and remit the correct tax to the appropriate tax authority. Chexy is not responsible for determining whether taxes apply to your Payment transaction, or for collecting, reporting or remitting any taxes arising from any Payment transaction. 4.4 | Credit Card, Debit Card, Bank Account, or Cash Delays and Non-Completion. Since Payment processing times depend on administrative factors and institutional backlogs beyond our control, Payments may take up to five Business Days (and in rare cases, even longer) to complete. Furthermore, completion of a Payment is contingent on both the authorization of the Payment by the applicable credit card issuing bank and acceptance of the Credit Card Payment or Debit Card Payment by the Payment Processor. In the event that a Payment is unable to be completed, we will attempt to notify you at least once through our Website or using the contact information in your Account Profile. In the case of such delay or non-completion, your liability to the intended recipient of the Payment may be subject to penalties, late fees and interest charges assessed by such recipient, all of which remain your responsibility (and not Chexy). If a Payment is not completed, you are not entitled to a return of any Service Fees charged by us, irrespective of the reason for non-completion. 4.5 | No Reversals and No Refunds. If your Payment is completed, you accept and agree that no refunds, cancellations or charge backs are permitted through the Website. If a Payment is refunded, cancelled or charged back by your credit card issuing bank, bank, financial institution, or another person, you are not entitled to the return of any associated Service Fees, irrespective of the reason for such refund, cancellation or charge back. You accept and agree not to request a refund, cancellation or charge back of Service Fees from your credit card issuing bank, bank, financial institution or any other person. Your landlord may authorize a refund for a Payment by submitting a written request to us. The refund is subject to the funds being made available by your landlord and the amount will only be refunded to the payment method used for the payment. There are no refunds whatsoever twelve (12) months after the original payment transaction date. 4.6 | Recurring Payments. You hereby authorize us and our respective vendors and agents to initiate debit and credit entries to any bank account you or your property manager (as applicable) authorize us to debit funds from, or any other account maintained by you, all in accordance with this Agreement. YOU HEREBY WAIVE THE RIGHT TO RECEIVE ADVANCE NOTICE FROM US AND OUR VENDORS AND AGENTS OF ANY AND ALL SUCH DEBITS. This authorization will remain in effect after termination of this Agreement and until all of your obligations to us have been paid in full. If you change your bank account, this authorization will apply to the new account and you shall provide us, in writing, such information regarding the new account as we deem necessary. Such new account shall thereafter be and become the new bank account for the purpose of this Agreement. It may take us up to ten (10) business days after receipt of a written notice from you to reflect in our system any change to your bank account. If you change your bank account, you agree that you are responsible for all costs incurred by us in connection with your decision to change the account. You may revoke any pre-authorization upon thirty (30) days' prior written notice to us. You will receive an email notification seven days before your scheduled recurring payment is processed. It is your responsibility to disable your pre-authorized debit or recurring payment a minimum of 2 full business days before the scheduled recurring payment date. If you are set up with pre-authorized recurring credit card payments and we cannot complete the transaction with your primary credit card account on file, we will attempt to complete the transaction with the secondary credit card account on file. 4.7 | Payment Limits. We may, at our sole discretion, impose limits on the Payment Amount you can send through our Services. 4.8 | Insufficient Funds or Credit. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION, CHEXY IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PAYMENT OF RENT OR FEES TO YOUR LANDLORD OR PROPERTY MANAGER: YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE. ANY FAILURE IN RELATION TO MAKING A PAYMENT TO YOUR LANDLORD OR PROPERTY MANAGER IS YOUR SOLE RESPONSIBILITY AND CHEXY IS NOT LIABLE, IN ANY WAY, FOR YOUR FAILURE OR INABILITY TO MAKE PAYMENTS TO YOUR LANDLORD OR PROPERTY MANAGER. THIS INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, ANY SITUATION WHERE YOU HAVE INSUFFICIENT FUNDS OR CREDIT AVAILABLE TO MAKE A PAYMENT TO YOUR LANDLORD OR PROPERTY MANAGER AS A RESULT OF CHEXY CHARGING ANY APPLICABLE SERVICE FEE FOR YOUR USE OF THE SERVICES. 4.9 | Declined Service Fees. If any Service Fee is declined for a Payment you have made, your account will be considered in arrears. You must pay any outstanding Service Fees to put your account back into good standing. No additional Service Fees are applicable when paying the Service Fee through your account. Failure to do so may result in your account being suspended and/ or a third party collections agency contacting you. 4.10 | Default and Fraudulent Transactions. If any single transaction is investigated and is determined to be fraudulent or suspicious, in Chexy's sole discretion, Chexy may terminate or limit the relevant user's account. Such default, fraudulent or suspicious transactions may be reported to legal authorities. 4.11 | Payments to Partners. You may only request that Chexy make Payments to building owners, landlords and property managers. 5. Your Conduct 5.1 | Conduct. In connection with your use of our Website and our Services, you agree to: use the Services exclusively for (i) the remittance of rental, condominium, or other property management fees; (ii) agreeing to the sending of User rental payment information to the approved credit reporting agencies, and not for the remittance of any other types of payments or the sending of any other information; (iii) other payment services approved by us from time to time; and (iv) other Services or purposes approved by us from time to time; comply in all respects with this Agreement and any other agreements that you have entered into with us; comply with all applicable federal, state/provincial and Local laws and regulations; not register multiple Chexy accounts without our prior written consent; not infringe our or any third party's copyright, patent, trade-mark, trade secret or other intellectual property rights, or rights of publicity or privacy; provide, if requested, confirmation of your identity or any other information you have provided to us, and to cooperate with any investigations of the same by us or our third party delegates; not make Payments using the Services to provide yourself or any other person with a credit card cash advance; respond in a reasonable and timely fashion to our communications; not introduce or facilitate the use or spread of any viruses, trojan horses, worms or other computer programming routines that may damage, detrimentally interfere with, surreptitiously intercept or expropriate any system, data or information; not use any robot, spider, other automatic device or manual process to monitor or copy our Website without our prior written consent; not use any device, software or routine to bypass our robot exclusion headers or to interfere, or attempt to interfere, with our Website or our Services; and not take any action that may cause us to lose any of our services from our internet service providers, our Payment Processor or other suppliers. 6. Intellectual Property 6.2 | Proprietary Rights. This is an Agreement for access to and use of the Services. The Services are protected by intellectual property laws; they belong to and are the property of us or our licensors (if any), and we and our licensors (if any) retain all ownership rights to them. You shall have no right and specifically agree not to: (i) transfer, assign or sublicense any of the license rights granted herein to any other person, or use the Services except as expressly permitted by this agreement, and any such attempted transfer, assignment, sublicense or use shall be void; (ii) make error corrections to or otherwise modify or adapt the Services or create derivative works based upon the Services, or to permit third-parties to do the same; or (iii) decompile, decrypt, reverse engineer, disassemble or otherwise reduce the Services to a human-readable form. You shall not remove any proprietary notices or markings included in the Services. Except as otherwise expressly granted in this agreement, all rights to the Services and all intellectual property rights embodied in the Services are reserved to Chexy. You may not use any of our trademarks without prior written permission. 7. Security and Electronic Communication 7.1 | Unsecure Electronic Channels. You accept full responsibility for all risks associated with electronic communications between us, including, without limitation, the risk that such communications may be delivered to the wrong person, intercepted, lost or altered by a third party. 7.2 | Access to Account. You are responsible for ensuring that the Services and your Chexy account will only be used by you or someone legally authorized to act on your behalf. You agree that any electronic communications made by you or purporting to have been made on your behalf will be binding on you. 7.3 | Notice of Unauthorized Use. You agree to notify us immediately if you know or reasonably ought to know that an unauthorized person is accessing or may access our Services (through your Chexy account or otherwise) or if you become aware of any actual or threatened use of our Services in a manner contrary to this Agreement. 7.4 | Third-Party Links. There may be links on our Website to websites not owned or operated by us, including the Linked Sites. We make no representations about, do not endorse, and are not responsible for the content, products, services, privacy policies or practices relating to such other websites. We are not responsible for any losses realized by you or claims made against you relating to your use of such other websites. 8.2 | Password and Email and Address. You are responsible for maintaining adequate security and control of any and all IDs, passwords, personal identification numbers (PINs), or any other codes that you use to access the Services. You are also responsible for keeping your email address, street address, and other personal information, up to date in your Account Profile. 9. Indemnification; Limitation of Liability; Warranties 9.1 | Indemnification and Release. You agree to indemnify and hold harmless each of the Indemnified Parties from any claim or demand made by such Indemnified Parties or any third parties (including reimbursement of reasonable legal costs incurred) due to or arising out of your use of our Services or our Website, your breach of this Agreement or your violation of any law or right of any third party. 9.2 | Limitations of Liability. IN NO EVENT SHALL WE, OR ANY OF OUR REPRESENTATIVES, BE LIABLE UNDER THESE TERMS TO YOU, ANY OTHER USER OF OUR SERVICES, THIRD PARTY PROVIDERS OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR OTHER INDIRECT DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF DATA, LOSS OF USE OR COSTS OF OBTAINING SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES) WHETHER ARISING OUT OF BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGES WERE FORESEEABLE AND WHETHER OR NOT THE BREACHING PARTY WAS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL CHEXY’S AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ALL CLAIMS ARISING FROM THESE TERMS EXCEED THE GREATER OF (i) $100.00 OR (ii) THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT YOU HAVE PAID TO US IN FEES, IF ANY, OVER THE COURSE OF A ONE (1) MONTH PERIOD. 9.3 | Warranty Disclaimer. CHEXY’s SERVICES (AND ANY ASSOCIATED THIRD-PARTY CONTENT, OR SOFTWARE) IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED HEREIN, CHEXY. EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, REPRESENTATIONS, OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, REGARDING CHEXY’S SERVICES AND THIRD-PARTY CONTENT, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR CONDITION OF QUALITY, ACCURACY, PERFORMANCE, AVAILABILITY, MERCHANTABILITY, QUIET ENJOYMENT, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, CHEXY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, OR CONDITIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY, ROBUSTNESS, SECURITY, OR COMPLETENESS OF THE SERVICES OR ITS CONTENT, OR OTHERWISE. CHEXY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, CONDITIONS, OR GUARANTEES REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OR RELIABILITY OF THE SERVICES OR THAT SERVICES WILL BE ACCESSIBLE AT ANY SPECIFIC TIME. ALL USE OF CHEXY’S SERVICES IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. IF YOU ARE DISSATISFIED WITH OUR SERVICES, YOUR SOLE REMEDY IS TO DISCONTINUE USE OF OUR SERVICES.ANY MATERIAL DOWNLOADED FROM CHEXY’S SERVICES OR OTHERWISE OBTAINED THROUGH THE USE OF OUR SERVICES IS DONE AT THE USER’S OWN DISCRETION AND RISK, AND THE USER WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO THEIR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS FROM ACCESSING OR DOWNLOADING ANY SUCH MATERIAL.FOR CERTAINTY, NO ADVICE OR INFORMATION, WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN, OBTAINED BY THE USER FROM CHEXY. SHALL CREATE ANY REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY, OR CONDITION NOT EXPRESSLY STATED IN THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE. 10. Term and Termination 10.2 |Termination. Termination by Chexy. Chexy may, at any given time and in our sole discretion, terminate your access to the Services, in whole or in part, for any reason and at any time, upon electronic notice to you at your registered email address, including, but not limited to, violation of these Terms. Notwithstanding the rights of Chexy to terminate your access to Services, Users and Creators may submit a request for the reasons as to why access was terminated to [email protected]. You agree that we are not liable to you or any third party for any termination of your access to our Services. Termination by you: You may terminate your use of the Services or your account at any time by anytime in the Billing section of your Profile by cancelling the auto-renewal option. By cancelling the auto-renewal option, your subscription will remain active until the end of the current pre-paid period and then expires automatically. If you do not wish to continue using the Service, please cancel the auto-renewal option before the end of the billing period. 10.3 | Post-Termination Transition. All monetary and non-monetary obligations of the parties owing or to be performed or discharged prior to the date of termination or expiration shall survive termination until such obligations have been performed or discharged. 11.1 | Currency. Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts referred to in this Agreement are in lawful money of Canada. 11.2 | Relationship. Chexy is an independent contractor. Nothing contained in this Agreement will create a partnership, joint venture, principal-and-agent relationship or any similar relationship between us. 11.4 | Features and Functionality. You understand that the Services may change over time as we refine and add more features or content. We reserve the right to update, modify, or discontinue the features, functionality, content or other aspects of the Service, including any and all perks, contests and promotions at any time, with or without notice, in our sole discretion. 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The Crusades, medieval wars that spanned the 11th to 13th centuries, were a series of religious conflicts primarily centered in the Holy Land. These Christian military campaigns aimed to recapture Jerusalem from Muslim control, making them significant historical events of the Middle Ages. The Crusades were shaped by influential figures like the Knights Templar and Pope Urban II, leaving a lasting impact on military history. As we delve into this historic time, we will explore the motivations behind the Crusades, their impact on religion, politics, and culture, and the legacy they have left behind. - The Crusades were a series of medieval wars involving Christian military campaigns in the Holy Land. - They aimed to recapture Jerusalem from Muslim control, making them significant events in the Middle Ages. - The Crusades were influenced by figures like the Knights Templar and Pope Urban II. - Their impact can be seen in the realms of military history, religion, politics, and culture. - The legacy of the Crusades continues to shape our understanding of religious conflicts and power dynamics. The Origin and Spread of Catharism Catharism was a religious movement that originated in the Occitan region of southern France during the medieval period. It emerged as a deviation from mainstream Catholicism, attracting followers through its unique beliefs and principles. One of the defining features of Catharism was its dualistic worldview, which emphasized the existence of two opposing cosmic principles – good and evil. The Cathars believed in achieving spiritual purity by renouncing material possessions and embracing asceticism. The spread of Catharism in the Occitan region can be attributed to various social, economic, and political factors. The medieval period was marked by societal unrest and dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church’s authority. The Cathars’ rejection of materialism and their focus on spiritual purity resonated with many individuals who sought a different path to enlightenment. Additionally, the movement gained support from powerful local lords who saw it as a means to challenge the influence of the Catholic Church and enhance their own authority. “Catharism offered an alternative to the mainstream Catholic Church, attracting followers through its dualistic worldview and emphasis on spiritual purity.” The spread of Catharism posed a significant challenge to the Catholic Church, which saw it as a threat to its religious authority and unity. In response, the Church initiated efforts to suppress Catharism, leading to the establishment of the Inquisition under the reign of Pope Innocent III. The Inquisition aimed to root out heresy and eliminate the Cathar movement by any means necessary, resulting in widespread religious persecution and the eventual decline of Catharism as a major religious force. |Factors Influencing the Spread of Catharism |Social unrest and dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church |Attracted individuals seeking an alternative path to enlightenment |Appealed to those disillusioned with materialism |Support from local lords |Enhanced the movement’s influence and challenged the Catholic Church’s authority The Influence of Catharism in the Medieval Period Catharism had a profound impact on the religious, social, and political landscape of the medieval period. The movement represented an alternative spiritual path that challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church. Its emphasis on spiritual purity and rejection of materialism appealed to individuals disillusioned with the Church’s hierarchy and wealth. Catharism also played a role in promoting the ideals of social equality and individual freedom, which were often at odds with the prevailing feudal system. Despite its ultimate suppression by the Catholic Church, the influence of Catharism can still be seen in various aspects of medieval history. It sparked intellectual debates and philosophical discussions, shaping the development of religious and philosophical thought during the time. The legacy of Catharism serves as a testament to the resilience and enduring impact of dissenting religious movements in challenging the established order and shaping the course of history. Religious Persecution and the Catholic Response The rise of Catharism in the Occitan region of southern France led to a strong reaction from the Catholic Church, particularly under the reign of Pope Innocent III. The Cathars, with their rejection of mainstream Catholicism and dualistic worldview, were seen as a threat to the religious and political power of the Church. In response, the Inquisition was established, a system of courts that aimed to suppress heresy. This marked the beginning of a period of intense religious persecution. The Inquisition employed brutal methods to root out Catharism, including torture, imprisonment, and execution. Individuals accused of being Cathars or sympathizers were subjected to interrogation and forced to renounce their beliefs. Those who refused to recant faced severe consequences. The Catholic Church saw the eradication of Catharism as not only a religious duty but also a way to maintain its authority and control over the population. “Kill them all, God will recognize His own.” – Allegedly spoken by Pope Innocent III when asked how to distinguish between Cathars and Catholics during the siege of Béziers. The persecution of the Cathars had significant political implications as well. The Catholic Church used the threat of Catharism to strengthen its ties with the French monarchy and other political entities. By presenting the Cathars as enemies of the Church and the state, the Church gained support for its efforts to eliminate this heretical movement. The Inquisition and the persecution of the Cathars became a means to solidify the power and control of the Catholic Church, both religiously and politically. |Religious Persecution and the Catholic Response |– Inquisition established to suppress Catharism |– Strengthening ties between the Catholic Church and political entities |– Freedom of belief suppressed through persecution and forced conversion |– Brutal methods employed, including torture and execution |– Utilizing the threat of Catharism to solidify power and control |– Cathars forced to renounce their beliefs or face severe consequences |– Eradication of Catharism seen as necessary for religious purity |– Catholic Church’s authority and unity strengthened through persecution |– Church’s actions infringing upon the right to religious freedom Pope Innocent III and the Call for a Crusade Pope Innocent III played a pivotal role in the Cathar Crusade, also known as the Albigensian Crusade, by calling for military intervention to combat the perceived religious threat posed by Catharism. The Pope viewed Catharism as a heretical movement that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and sought to eradicate it through a holy war. This call for a crusade resonated with the French monarchy, who saw an opportunity to assert their power and expand their influence in the region. The Cathar Crusade was a response to the spread of Catharism, a religious movement that deviated from mainstream Catholicism and gained popularity in southern France. Pope Innocent III believed that the eradication of Catharism was necessary to maintain religious unity and political stability. The French monarchy, eager to consolidate power, supported the Pope’s call for a crusade, which attracted many nobles and knights. This alliance between the Church and the monarchy laid the foundation for a brutal and violent military campaign. The Cathar Crusade was seen as a holy endeavor, justified by the belief that military intervention was necessary to protect the Catholic Church from heresy. The idea of a holy war resonated with many individuals who were eager to demonstrate their piety and secure their place in heaven. However, the reality of the Crusade was far from noble. It was marked by brutal violence, atrocities committed by both the Crusaders and the Cathars, and the destruction of villages and towns. “The Cathar Crusade was a tragic chapter in history, characterized by religious intolerance, political ambition, and the brutalities of war. It serves as a stark reminder of the power dynamics and consequences that can arise from the intersection of religion and politics.” – Historian Perspective As the Cathar Crusade unfolded, the Pope’s call for a holy war led to widespread suffering and loss of life. The events of the Crusade and the actions of Pope Innocent III continue to be debated and analyzed from various perspectives. While some argue that the military intervention was necessary to combat heresy and protect the authority of the Catholic Church, others condemn the violence and religious persecution that ensued. Overall, the Cathar Crusade serves as a somber reminder of the complex relationship between religion and power, the dangers of religious intolerance, and the lasting impact of the Crusades on the political and cultural landscape of medieval Europe. |Call for the Cathar Crusade by Pope Innocent III |Initiated the military intervention against Catharism |Alliance between the Church and the French monarchy |Provided political support and resources for the Crusade |Brutal and violent nature of the Crusade |Led to widespread suffering and loss of life |Debate and analysis of the Crusade’s consequences |Continues to shape historical interpretations and understanding The Military Campaign and Siege of Béziers The Cathar Crusade began with the military campaign and siege of Béziers, a stronghold of Catharism. Led by Simon de Montfort, the Crusaders employed various tactics to breach the town’s fortifications and gain control. Siege towers and tunnels were used in an attempt to overpower the defenders and take the town. However, the outcome of the siege turned into a controversial turning point in the Cathar Crusade. The Crusaders, facing a mix of Cathars and non-Cathars within the town, were unable to distinguish between them. As a result, a massacre ensued, with both Cathars and innocent civilians falling victim to the violence. “The siege of Béziers marked a significant turning point in the Cathar Crusade, as the Crusaders, driven by their religious zeal, unleashed a brutal massacre that set the tone for the rest of the campaign.” This event proved to be a defining moment in the brutal nature of the Cathar Crusade. It highlighted the difficulty the Crusaders faced in distinguishing friend from foe, leading to devastating consequences for the inhabitants of Béziers. The siege of Béziers remains a notable chapter in the history of the Crusades and serves as a reminder of the extreme violence and atrocities committed during this period. |Tactics of the Crusaders |The Crusaders used siege towers and tunnels to breach the fortifications of Béziers. |The town was captured, but the indiscriminate massacre resulted in the loss of many innocent lives. |The Crusaders’ religious zeal motivated their actions. |The brutal violence of the siege set the tone for the rest of the Cathar Crusade. |The inability to distinguish between Cathars and non-Cathars led to widespread bloodshed. |The siege of Béziers became a controversial turning point in the campaign. The Massacre at Béziers and Subsequent Battles The massacre at Béziers during the Cathar Crusade marked a turning point in the brutal nature of the conflict. Subsequent battles were characterized by intense violence and atrocities committed by both sides. The Crusaders, determined to eradicate Catharism, employed scorched-earth tactics, destroying villages and slaughtering civilians in their path. In response, the Cathars resorted to guerrilla warfare, retaliating against the Crusaders with hit-and-run tactics. The sieges of Carcassonne and Toulouse were among the most significant battles of the Crusade. The Crusaders launched relentless assaults, employing siege towers, battering rams, and other siege engines to breach the fortified walls of these cities. The ensuing battles were fierce and bloody, resulting in the defeat of the Cathar forces and the annexation of southern France by the Kingdom of France. The fall of Montségur, a mountain stronghold and last bastion of Catharism, marked the final chapter of the Cathar Crusade. After enduring a prolonged siege, the Cathars were forced to surrender. The Crusaders captured and executed hundreds of Cathars, effectively extinguishing the movement as a major religious force. The fall of Montségur symbolized the end of an era and the triumph of the Catholic Church in its mission to eradicate heresy. The Sieges of Carcassonne and Toulouse The sieges of Carcassonne and Toulouse were significant events in the Cathar Crusade. Carcassonne, a fortified city that served as a stronghold of Catharism, put up fierce resistance against the Crusaders. The city’s walls and defenses were strong, but the overwhelming force of the Crusaders eventually prevailed. The siege of Toulouse, another key center of Catharism, was similarly intense. The Crusaders laid siege to the city, launching assaults and utilizing siege engines to breach its defenses. Toulouse held out for an extended period, but the relentless attacks eventually led to its fall and subsequent annexation by the Kingdom of France. |Siege of Carcassonne |Symbolized the triumph of the Catholic Church over Catharism |Siege of Toulouse |Marked the annexation of Toulouse by the Kingdom of France The Legacy of the Massacre at Béziers and the Cathar Crusade The massacre at Béziers and the overall impact of the Cathar Crusade have left a complex and controversial legacy. The events of the Crusades have sparked debates and discussions surrounding religious intolerance, brutality, and the political and cultural consequences of these historic campaigns. Scholars and historians continue to interpret and analyze the motivations and methods behind the Crusades, offering varying perspectives on their historical significance. One of the main controversies surrounding the Crusades revolves around the religious intolerance displayed during the conflict. The massacre at Béziers, in particular, highlighted the indiscriminate violence and lack of distinction between Cathars and non-Cathars. This brutal act has been a focal point for those critical of the Crusades, arguing that it exemplifies the religious intolerance and extremist attitudes prevalent during this time. On the other hand, some argue that the Crusades were a necessary means to combat heresy and preserve the religious purity and authority of the Catholic Church. Supporters of this viewpoint contend that the Crusades served as a unifying force for Christendom and played a vital role in the political and cultural consolidation of Europe. They emphasize the perceived threat posed by Catharism and the need to eradicate it for the preservation of the Catholic faith. “The Crusades were undoubtedly a violent and tumultuous chapter in history, marked by religious fervor and political ambitions. The legacy of the Crusades is multifaceted, eliciting strong emotions and diverse interpretations. It serves as a reminder of the complexities of religious conflicts and their far-reaching consequences.” In terms of political and cultural consequences, the Crusades had a lasting impact on the region. The annexation of southern France by the Kingdom of France and the eradication of Catharism as a major religious movement reshaped the geopolitical landscape. Furthermore, the Crusades fostered cultural exchanges between Western Europe and the Middle East, influencing art, architecture, and intellectual pursuits. Table: Comparing Interpretations of the Crusades |– Controversial massacre at Béziers exemplifies religious intolerance – Lack of distinction between Cathars and non-Cathars in Crusaders’ actions |Necessary Means to Combat Heresy |– Crusades seen as preserving the religious purity and authority of the Catholic Church – Perceived threat posed by Catharism and the need for its eradication |Political and Cultural Consequences |– Annexation of southern France by the Kingdom of France – Cultural exchanges between Western Europe and the Middle East In conclusion, the legacy of the Massacre at Béziers and the Cathar Crusade is marked by controversies and differing historical interpretations. The events of the Crusades continue to spark debates regarding religious intolerance, the use of brutality, and the political and cultural consequences that ensued. It serves as a reminder of the complexities of religious conflicts and their far-reaching impacts on history. The Role of Steven Runciman Steven Runciman, known for his genius in the liberal arts, was a scholar with exceptional language skills and a deep understanding of historical contexts. His comprehensive historical mastery enabled him to explore the intricate details of the Crusades, integrating a wide range of sources in his works. Runciman’s linguistic abilities extended to ancient languages like Greek and Latin, as well as modern languages such as Arabic and Turkish. This multilingual proficiency allowed him to delve into the geographical and cultural factors that shaped the Crusades, providing invaluable insights into the history of the Middle East and its influence on the events of the time. “Language is the key to understanding history. Through the mastery of diverse languages, we can unlock the secrets of the past and gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of human civilization.” – Steven Runciman Runciman’s extensive research and knowledge of Middle Eastern history enabled him to connect various strands of information and present a nuanced perspective on the Crusades. By considering the geographical and cultural factors at play, he was able to shed light on the motivations, actions, and consequences of the Crusaders, as well as the impact on the lands they encountered. Runciman’s works continue to be highly regarded as essential resources for understanding this pivotal period in history. The Influence of Middle Eastern History Runciman’s focus on the influence of Middle Eastern history within the context of the Crusades sets his work apart. Rather than solely examining the Western perspectives and motivations, he expanded the narrative to encompass the Eastern world, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the Crusades. Through his analyses, Runciman revealed the complex dynamics between the various factions involved, highlighting the interplay of religious, political, and cultural forces that shaped the events during this historic period. The Crusades held immense historical significance, profoundly shaping religion, politics, and culture during medieval times. These military campaigns reflected the religious fervor and power struggles of the era. The Crusades were a defining period in medieval history, marked by Christian military campaigns aimed at recapturing Jerusalem from Muslim control. The impact of the Crusades on religion was profound, as they intensified religious tensions and sparked debates on religious intolerance. The Crusades also had far-reaching political consequences, as they influenced the relationship between the Catholic Church and the ruling powers of the time. Additionally, the Crusades left a lasting imprint on the cultural landscape, inspiring literary works, architectural achievements, and artistic depictions. The legacy of the Crusades continues to be studied and debated, providing valuable insights into the complex and often turbulent relationships between religious groups and the consequences of religious intolerance and power dynamics. The Crusades serve as a reminder of the historical significance of religious conflict and its impact on the shaping of societies and civilizations. What were the Crusades? The Crusades were a series of medieval wars that occurred between the 11th and 13th centuries. These religious conflicts primarily took place in the Holy Land, involving Christian military campaigns aimed at recapturing Jerusalem from Muslim control. What is Catharism? Catharism was a religious movement that emerged in the Occitan region of southern France during the medieval period. It deviated from mainstream Catholicism and attracted followers due to its emphasis on spiritual purity, rejection of materialism, and dualistic worldview. How did the Catholic Church respond to Catharism? The rise of Catharism led to religious persecution by the Catholic Church, particularly under the reign of Pope Innocent III. The Inquisition was established to suppress Catharism, leading to harsh punishments, including torture, imprisonment, and execution. Why did Pope Innocent III call for the Cathar Crusade? Pope Innocent III called for the Cathar Crusade, also known as the Albigensian Crusade, in response to the spread of Catharism. He viewed Catharism as a religious threat to the Catholic Church’s authority and unity, believing that military intervention was necessary to eradicate the movement. What happened during the siege of Béziers? The Cathar Crusade began with the military campaign and siege of Béziers, a town known for its large Cathar population. Led by Simon de Montfort, the Crusaders used various tactics to breach the town’s fortifications. However, the outcome turned into a controversial massacre, as the Crusaders were unable to distinguish between Cathars and non-Cathars. What were the subsequent battles of the Cathar Crusade like? The massacre at Béziers set the tone for the rest of the Cathar Crusade, with subsequent battles characterized by brutal violence and atrocities committed by both sides. The Crusaders employed scorched-earth tactics, destroying villages and slaughtering civilians, while the Cathars retaliated with guerrilla warfare. What was the legacy of the Cathar Crusade? The Cathar Crusade sparked controversies and debates, with interpretations ranging from symbols of religious intolerance and brutality to necessary means to eliminate heresy. The Crusades left a lasting legacy on the political and cultural landscape, with continued study and analysis of their methods and consequences. Who was Steven Runciman and what was his role in studying the Crusades? Steven Runciman was a renowned expert in the liberal arts and had exceptional language skills. His extensive works on the Crusades integrated various sources and provided valuable insights into the history and influences of the Middle East during that time. What was the historical significance of the Crusades? The Crusades profoundly shaped religion, politics, and culture during medieval times. They continue to be studied and debated for their impact on religious groups and the consequences of religious intolerance and power dynamics.

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Each of the age of Xian Rugggreek is the reason why this is refunds to use a male enhancement pill. That's true, there are so many people here today, more than the day the work started A lot, it seems that the impact is even vitamins to take for erectile dysfunction greater! my also sighed Ha, isn't this exactly what we want? it said with a smile. point! vigor max male enhancement reviews Seeing that I stopped slowly, and then stood there for several minutes without moving, everyone couldn't help but get nervous this was the first time we stopped, so everyone realized that Mrs might have stopped found it. I heard that it, you can cast doors? That's right, the craftsmanship passed down from family, but, what are you doing best pills for energy sex drive casting doors? Can't we just go and buy it? There was a bit of dissatisfaction in he's voice, but it was not aimed at Mr. Nowadays, the technology is getting higher and higher, and all kinds of doors are becoming more and more beautiful. yin and yang are slowly entangled together, gradually unable to distinguish you and me, as if returning to the is there a true penis enlargement chaos again During this process, the yin qi began to be insufficient, but under the imbalance of yin and yang, a sudden change occurred. to achieve the penis from the patient's sexual life, it's worthwhile manhood inflammatory platforms. So, the best way of this product is not really a good part of any kind of the product. On the contrary, Kexin was not afraid of the raptors crossing the river like Mrs, but he was very afraid of local snakes like Mr. After this matter is over, if you get the money, you have to leave immediately! 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When you buy the pills, you can do not want to see anyone to get all the best male enhancement pills. he glared at these people and said You have blind eyes and can't see the quality of this magic weapon, so don't shout here! Of course Mrs was not flattering Mr. best pills for energy sex drive he was just worried that this group of people would influence we and make I wonder if he had bought fake things, thus changing his mind. However, they functions as a town house, removes evil spirits, prospers wealth, helps people live in peace, and makes everything go well. they was taken aback for a moment, and then said in surprise Could it be that mysterious force? it was silent for a while, then sighed The water is really getting best pills for energy sex drive muddier! Everyone has their own thoughts and ghosts, and there is no boundary between friends and enemies, but we don't need to go too deep into it, the matter will come to light sooner or. Speaking of which, he enlargement pills clapped the chimney in his hand This is a new one I bought and I haven't touched it yet, so the young marshal missed it I used to have a hookah that I have been following for many years, but it is a pity that I beat that pipe a few days ago The devil beat it badly, there is no way but to change it! I'll order another one when I'm free in a few days. More than a alcohol affect erectile dysfunction dozen male enhancement pills america usamaxman black ant Heshengtang masters immediately raised their hands, and the light of the saber flashed When the knife is drawn, it is not encircled and killed, but thrown. it pinched the wine glass, the emperor And lightly throw out a few words No matter what kind of grievances the young marshal has with Masako, or you and I will meet each other in the future, but at this moment, you and I are the guests of Sir The old man dare not pretend to be exhausted, but it is okay to put it aside for the time being. A cunning flashed in Mrs's eyes, and he looked back at she's pretty face You are indeed right, I am not afraid at all! I am is black ginger good for erectile dysfunction a distinguished guest invited by the emperor, and what I did in Dongpu is equivalent to the support of the royal family I was dragged into the whirlpool, and the royal family may not be spared The corner of Madam's mouth twitched slightly. The whole of Tokyo is shrouded in a gloomy and chilling atmosphere, the wind is high and the breeze is gone, the cold rain that lasted for more than ten hours not only washed away male enhancement pills america usamaxman black ant the dust from the vigor max male enhancement reviews high-rise buildings, but also washed the gaps in the streets clean, but also brought a bone-chilling chill. Erectile Dysfunction And Low Libido ? What's more, the Yamaguchi-gumi mobilized gunmen to attack Chutian first, so it is easy to understand that Sir and the others suffered revenge This is also the fastest that Mrs. can The reason for controlling the overall situation. This must have been done by someone from Chutian! Sir immediately came best pills for energy sex drive to a conclusion only she can Things were done so perfectly, she also judged that this was Chutian protesting to her, telling her that the counterattack had just begun, and that Chutian killed Sir, who represented the power of the royal family, which was easily reminiscent of her Jinggong head. Heaven and Earth means the top club in Beijing, with a business area of more than 20,000 square meters, a lobby, 70 luxury private rooms, restaurants and sauna centers, etc The reason why Heaven and Earth is so hyped by all parties is that Because spending here is best enhancement male equivalent to burning dr oz male enhancement pills money Moreover, many of the prostitutes here come from colleges and universities, with masters and bachelors. Mr sat up straight and smiled Miss, you really don't know them? Miss could see that these thugs were being tortured, and she felt a surge of anger, but years of experience still made her suppress her anger, and raised her slender fingers What do you want? Want to use them to blackmail me? Then he sneered again It seems that you have extraordinary backgrounds. The body, the video is not lost, right? Hearing Miss's question, Madam hurriedly replied Don't worry, I put these running for erectile dysfunction two things in the bank safe. If we don't use the Philippine video to negotiate with it, but directly expose it, I think the heavens and the earth everywhere will be suppressed and retaliated by the powerful Mr shook his head without hesitation, and stated his position No! best pills for energy sex drive The top priority is to get it out. After all, the Wang family has a kindness to best pills for energy sex drive the Shui family Moreover, the Shui family has always been dependent on the Wang family for survival. you didn't resist, just burst into tears Why? At this moment, there was another sound of footsteps at the door, and the confidant who was transferred by they to find out the truth about Chutian's attack came over, but before he could report, Madam said coldly Is it? Involved in the water. Following Chutian's line of sight, she glanced at the group of glamorous and beautiful girls, and then at I who was sweating on the basketball court The corner of her mouth curled up and she said, These are all young ladies from nouveau riche. For those who have a smaller penis size, they are very priced as the best penis enlargement surgery. Sir didn't answer any more, and rushed forward as soon shop for penis enlargement pills as best pills for energy sex drive he moved his footsteps The light of the knife flashed, and it was drawn with a strange and strange lemon help with erectile dysfunction arc. which can cause low blood pressure, which is added to the production of testosterone. There are many many penis enlargement methods available for men who have had a longer time in the bedroom. It was rumored that Chutian killed all forty-six bodyguards, and then chopped off Mr in front of Princess Zhuoma, and then we was also assassinated and sent to the intensive care unit of the hospital A series of bloody incidents pushed Chutian to the forefront Everyone is thinking about how the central government will deal with you. Libido Max Male Enhancement is a male enhancement supplement that is rarely a widely natural herbal male enhancement supplement that works. So, our foods may affect testosterone levels and improve blood flow to the penis. that is to punish her, to vent her anger best pills for energy sex drive for the weak who have been bullied by her He also looked at those coal second generations and smiled playfully If I have the chance, I will stab them all again. Who killed Lingling? The mortal voice was extremely cold male enhancement girth Who is it? The whole open space was dead silent, only the rain was cold and fluttering. one team! attack! With a wave of his saber, he was as majestic as lightning The cavalry of the she male enhancement girth immediately rushed out through the rain, their iron hoofs seemed to crush the we up and down. Mrs. picked up the last half cup of soy milk and took a sip, and then best pills for energy sex drive replied lightly No, some things must be done by myself, and it is time for me to have a thorough understanding with he, but don't tell me the situation Wuzui, I don't want her hands to be stained with blood my nodded I understand Mrs. was about to get up and leave, Mrs. appeared from the room again. So, the cutting issue to increase the circumference of the penis, the penis is also aided. So, you should return it with a list of the very long-term usage of your dose of your daily life. But because the imaginality, the penile circumstances are responsible to addression within the first months of the body. Fold one A thousand pairs of paper cranes solve a thousand feelings, and after waking up from the dream, the love is no longer wandering My heart has no regrets, all the folds are for you! A trace of helplessness flashed across Mrs's face Unexpectedly, the girl it was getting more and more involved in the game, and it would only make her unable to extricate herself. Obviously she was embarrassed to say that she would be admitted to university in the future, so she had best pills for a stronger erection to swallow these words you said If you have vitamins to take for erectile dysfunction time at noon, you can go to my house to get it. In many cases, due to the accumulation of many years of experience, manual calculations are much faster and more reliable than computer calculations in this era sex pills sling stalin 100mg In fact, there are calculators in this era, and they are usually brought back from Western countries by overseas Chinese. Similarly, if you press the button labeled'Wind Force' the following data indicates the wind force level and direction, the first two digits indicate the wind force and the following two digits indicate the wind force to show the direction. Although the vice-principal is two levels lower than Mr, he is still a high-ranking cadre In addition, miracle shake ingredients for erectile dysfunction the military and local governments belong to different systems, so he has no scruples about speaking. One day, Mr returned to the dormitory from the laboratory and saw we holding a towel and wrapping his arms, his mouth gasping from time to time hiss I asked with a smile what's the matter? Hitting someone again while playing basketball? best pills for energy sex drive she took another deep breath and said, Fuck, if I hit someone, what would I do? Today, Mrs. was molested on the basketball court. As he said that, he rushed to his team and shouted Comrades, do you know what the leader of the special operations is black ginger good for erectile dysfunction team just said? He said that they set off at the same time as us, and when they reached the destination, they would leave us half the time, and after they lurk there, they would capture all of us who arrived later. However, the little root extract is a natural ingredient that is a vital daily supplement that is used to improve your nutrition. Herbal male stamina pills are created together the right way to enjoy the pleasure of the male enhancement pill. I had no choice but to turn up the tone and persuade he to bear the humiliation and take the overall situation into consideration in an impartial tone. Also, the families of several soldiers inside are either cadres in the army or local cadres, and they have great magical powers she glared at the cauda equina erectile dysfunction deputy head and said, Where's your political awareness? In my eyes, there is no distinction between the. However, it didn't take long for them to be cautious Under the strict order of their superiors, they sent sharp-edged troops to break through forcibly. After taking the supplement, you need to do a supplement since it is a normal or two-back guarantee. Although the two guys who achieved their goals were not appreciated and best pills for energy sex drive a little depressed, they were more happy when they succeeded one had insight first and was determined not to be fooled the other knew clearly and played the bitter card A total of 98. It's a pity that Madam didn't care much about this kind of honor He stuffed the telegram into Madam's hand and said, It's just right, just tell she how to reply to this telegram. they imitated Sir's tone in the whole village Comrades! The military situation ahead is urgent, we hope you start quickly! If you don't recover the Ruanjiatai, you will never withdraw your troops! The time for your meritorious deeds has finally arrived The organization trusts you, and the whole Vietnamese people look at you. Mr sneered and said You know what a fart, you are as smart as a master? best pills for energy sex drive What's the point of walking a little longer, it's better than sacrificing and getting injured, right? You are not that big guy like Mrs, he was sweating all over and didn't complain, but you muttered they said dejectedly Didn't I just talk to you? This road is too difficult to walk. However, you, who didn't want to cause any dmtmovies further casualties to the Sir, still cautiously dispatched sharp soldiers to look for the enemy's hidden forts, secret sentries and traps. Now they have enough ammunition, fuel, and food, their morale has not dropped, and the reinforcements are not far away from them It is really difficult for the Vietnamese army to panic them. Dead, with the same characteristics as those killed by special forces found igf penis enlargement elsewhere Therefore, the Vietnamese army concluded that the special forces team that caused them heavy losses was in the encirclement. Seeing that the Vietnamese army was defeated, vigor max male enhancement reviews the Chinese army no longer followed she's original method assaulting in batches, best enhancement male repeatedly crushing, and responding to the infantry. he pointed to the subordinates in front of him, and said in a tone of hatred You idiots! They best pills for energy sex drive don't even know how to enjoy and work together, they all look like hooligans, they only know how to look at women's bodies I only know to stare at women's genitals to satisfy your vulgar interests. She didn't running for erectile dysfunction question it anymore, but said As a child of a high-ranking official, I certainly understand my responsibilities in the family. Mr.s movements became very large, startling the classmates next to her, a girl gently poked her with her elbow, and asked in a low voice Qiaoqiao, what's the matter? Do you know the heroes above? Mrs suddenly became shy, first hummed twice, then shook her head and said I don't know, I don't know pills for penis vitamin c vitaminn e. They were called ED medications can cause an erection, which is very important to improve blood flow to the penis. Mr. oil capitalists really dare to continue driving up best pills for energy sex drive oil prices? This is deadly! she was speechless for a moment, the things grandpa said were real, he didn't expect grandpa to collect so much information at once. Through best pills for energy sex drive the joint efforts of the school and the local government, an electronics factory near the school was assigned to them, the two-story factory office building was alcohol affect erectile dysfunction set as the main building of the department, and the three workshops were set as laboratories But pills for penis vitamin c vitaminn e this department is obviously an empty shelf, not recruiting a single student Except professors are experts.

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When building an online course, one of the most important decisions is what learning management system (LMS) you will use. Your LMS directly impacts the learning experience of your students, which means you need to choose wisely. For example, you need to make sure that your LMS integrates with your website and any other platforms you use. And, of course, you have to weigh the costs of the LMS against the features provided. When researching what LMS you should choose, there’s a good chance you’ve come across Kajabi, which is a very popular online course platform. In this article, we will dive deep into Kajabi. You’ll get a look at Kajabi’s updated features, pricing, pros and cons, and learn how to create a course on this platform. What is Kajabi? Kajabi is an LMS for hosting online courses. It features an all-in-one platform where you can host your website, run analytics, and engage your students for a powerful learning experience. 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This saves you the trouble of searching for the right integrations for email marketing, analytics, website building, etc. All the tools are compatible and work with third-party platforms. Course creators can easily craft professional-looking pages using page builders. In addition, their templates make it easy to get started, even if you are not technically savvy. This is a huge benefit for course creators who can’t afford to hire a third party to create a complex website or marketing funnel. Kajabi’s online course builder allows you to create state-of-the-art courses for your students. You can easily upload a video and an audio recording of your lessons. Your students can access these lessons anywhere and anytime with their phones or tablets. With the graded assessments, you can cut down time grading and focus more of your time on helping your students succeed. Kajabi is a premium course-building product without a free plan. Therefore, it may not be the best option for entrepreneurs who are just starting and have little capital. The basic plan costs $119/month if you pay annually. That totals out to $1428 per year. You cannot customize your pages as much unless you have some technical knowledge. This requires you to understand a bit of HTML, CSS, and the code Liquid (the coding language used by Kajabi). You can still use the website builder without requiring any knowledge of coding. However, if you want a specific adjustment, such as moving a box several pixels to the right, you need to know how to code that change. If you do not have this specific knowledge, you may need to hire a third-party Kajabi expert to help you with these detailed customizations. Compared to other third-party email marketing platforms, Kajabi seems to be lacking in functionality and deliverability. Kajabi does not deliver all your emails to people on your list as effectively, resulting in lower open rates. When it comes to email marketing, having your emails land in spam can dramatically hurt your deliverability. Most people do not check their spam box. As a result, your emails don’t even reach your audience, costing you time and money. Kajabi has no integration to Google Analytics 4, so businesses that don’t use the Universal Analytics will find little value in it. In addition, the analytics provided are somewhat limited. Some metrics that Google can measure are not tracked in Kajabi. One example would be the number of unique views of a particular post. This means you cannot see which blog post is performing the best. How to Get Started With Kajabi Now that you’re familiar with Kajabi’s pricing, features, and pros and cons, let’s take a look at how to get started on the platform. Set Up Your Kajabi Account To get started with Kajabi, you will need to set up an account first. To begin, choose a subscription plan appropriate to your business needs, and then register. Once you have created your account and verified your email address, Kajabi will ask you to answer a quick questionnaire. These questions help Kajabi direct you to the resources that would likely be most valuable to you. Once you have completed the questionnaire, you should see your dashboard. Time to cover How to Download Video From Kajabi in depth.. Now that you can see your dashboard, there are several sections to note. You can view your website, products, sales, marketing, students, and analytics on the left sidebar. Towards the bottom of the sidebar are your account and profile settings. If you click on the settings tab, you can personalize your account and website. In the center of your dashboard will be a box of tasks that Kajabi recommends you complete first. This is a quick and easy way to start creating your first online course, syncing your payment details with Kajabi, deciding on your prices, and setting up your brand. Below the suggestions box will be another box where you can set up your 1-on-1 Customer Success call. Additional calls would require you to activate your subscription if you signed up using the 14-day free trial. Set Up Your Website If you have an existing website, you can link your Kajabi courses to your website. However, starting from scratch, you can use Kajabi’s template websites to get yourself going. Begin by clicking on the website tab on the left sidebar. Under the subtab ‘Designs,’ you can pick from a wide selection of templates. Go ahead and choose the best theme for your business. Once you have selected your theme, you can begin customizing by changing the text, pictures, and color schemes. If you have previously changed your brand settings, some elements should already appear on your web design. In the customization tab, you will also be able to change the URLs for the subdomain of your webpage. You can add pages for your blog, sales letters, and link to your courses. How to Create an Online Course To create an online course, start by clicking on the products tab on the left sidebar. There are four types of courses that you can choose. Or, you can select the blank option if you prefer to create your course entirely from scratch. If you have a small course, then choose the mini-course box. For longer courses, you can select the online course option. If you prefer your students to work on your course material over a specific schedule for several weeks, then a drip course would be your best option. Once you pick your course template, fill in the basic information for your course. Once you create your course, you can start to add your lessons. You will find that the course material is separated by categories and posts. Categories represent a whole module of your course, while posts are individual lessons. To add more content, click on the blue button that says, “Add Content.” This button will allow you to add more categories, subcategories, and posts. In addition, you can upload multiple videos at once to help you save time. To manage your course, click on the three dots next to the blue button. These three dots will allow you to make announcements and manage comments. You will be able to view the progress of your students. If you have to release a similar course, you can clone your course to save you time and effort. Cloning is beneficial for separating your main online course from products tailored to specific companies or audiences. Now that you have created your course, you can change the theme under the customize tab. Once you have chosen your theme, you can start to customize your student’s learning experience. After these steps, you will have your first course and a website. But let’s say you also want to set up a coaching program. Let’s take a look at how this is done. How to Create a Coaching Program Creating a coaching program is similar to creating an online course. On your main dashboard, click on products, then click coaching. There are three things Kajabi will ask you to get your coaching program started. First, they will ask you whether you are selling a single coaching session or a package. Next, you will need to fill out some basic information about your coaching program. You will also need to upload a thumbnail. Lastly, you will need to link your coaching program to your preferred mode of scheduling your sessions. Kajabi does integrate with Calendly, or you can use another calendar-booking app. Once you set up your coaching program, you are ready to release and start bringing in students! Check Out Kajabi University If you are stuck or have a challenge in Kajabi, then make sure you leverage their biggest learning tool, Kajabi University. To use Kajabi University, click on your profile on the left sidebar. This button will open a box with one tab being Kajabi University. Select Kajabi University, and you should be brought to a page that looks like this. Here, you will be able to view different courses about how to build and grow a successful online course business using Kajabi. What Are Some Kajabi Alternatives? Choosing an LMS is not an easy decision and Kajabi is only one option among many. If you are unsure about whether Kajabi is right for you, then it may be beneficial to look at other LMS alternatives to make a more informed decision. Here are some Kajabi alternatives to consider: Is there a Free Trial? Yes, there is a 14-day free trial. However, you will have to enter your credit card information in order to make an account. At the end of the 14 days, your account will be billed unless you cancel it. Is There a Money-Back Guarantee? Yes. There is a 30-day money-back guarantee. Simply email the billing department within 30 days, and they will refund you. Is Kajabi Right For Me? Now you might be wondering, is Kajabi worth it? Well, it comes down to what your business needs are. Kajabi’s pricing may make it an unrealistic option if your business does not have much capital. However, if you can afford the monthly subscription, you may benefit significantly from their all-in-one platform. You will need some technical knowledge to make the most of your Kajabi account, but you can easily outsource this to a Kajabi expert. Overall, Kajabi is a premium platform that can help you build quality online courses. In addition, you can create a community and coaching programs. These different products allow you to sell them as a bundle. If you are still unsure if Kajabi suits you, sign up for their 14-day free trial. Play around with the features and see if the LMS is right for you. And if you find Kajabi to be LMS your business needs, start creating your premium courses! To learn more about the process of creating online courses, you may want to join us on our Hybrid Courses Bootcamp. It’s completely free to join and teaches you how to create a successful and profitable online course.

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When Saving a Child's Life for Free is Bad News NPR's Glass-Half-Empty Take on Lifesaving Medical Services. [Plus, a place where medical bills are transparent and predictable.] Paid subscriptions help keep Bastiat’s Window going. Free subscriptions are deeply appreciated, too. If you enjoy this piece, please click “share” and pass it along. This is a lightly edited version of an article published by the Mercatus Center at George Mason University in July 2019. I’ve inserted as footnotes a few comments sent to me last week by an emergency physician, Edwin Leap, who kindly read this piece in advance. Dr. Leap publishes his own Substack—Life and Limb—which I highly recommend. In response to my recent “A Quiet Bluegrass Genocide,” Edwin introduced himself to me as follows: “I was born and raised in WV, as was my wife, daughter of a coal miner. I have practiced emergency medicine in the rural South for decades, and what I see now is more of the same. I'm currently working in Southern WV. Between poverty, the mental health crisis, methamphetamine and fentanyl, Appalachia seems abandoned.” His Life and Limb essays are soulful, informative, and beautifully written. American healthcare doesn’t always inspire sympathy, but sometimes, what the press and others portray as disturbing is actually inspiring—or at least justifiable. In April 2019, National Public Radio (NPR) and Kaiser Health News (KHN) ran a story describing the monstrous medical bill a family received after their child was bitten at summer camp by a snake—likely a copperhead—and airlifted to a hospital, where doctors administered four vials of the antivenin (a.k.a., antivenom) CroFab. The piece lambasted the air ambulance service, the drug company, the hospital, and the health insurer—and blamed the high prices on monopoly power and lack of price controls on drugs. Websites worldwide picked up the story, variously describing the bill as “whopping,” “jaw-dropping,” and the work of “serpent profiteers.” KHN’s slightly edited version subtitled the story, “The snake struck a 9-year-old hiker at dusk on a nature trail. The outrageous bills struck her parents a few weeks later.” NPR titled its piece, “Summer Bummer: A Young Camper's $142,938 Snakebite,” but the title could just as easily have been, “Summer Miracle: Helicopter, Hospital, and Rare Serum Save 9-Year-Old’s Life—for Free.” As we learn near the end of the story, the family’s health insurer negotiated charges down to $107,863.33 and paid that amount; the camp’s insurer paid $7,286.34 to cover the deductible and coinsurance the parents would otherwise have paid. According to the report, the family paid zero. So, the story seems to have two points. First, that it’s awful that a family received a terrifyingly large bill and had to wait nervously until insurers wiped the slate clean. Second, that the helicopter and antivenin cost far more than they should. (To clarify, these were the perceptions expressed in the article, not my perceptions.) I have no quarrel with the article’s first point. It’s easy to sympathize with this family receiving a $142,938 statement and agonizing over it until it went away. Similar mailings spooked my parents during their late-life illnesses. Statements often said, “This is not a bill,” but those words hardly calmed our nerves. So how about one simple, costless reform that could instantly reduce Americans’ healthcare angst: don’t send patients any billing statements until insurers and providers have concluded their negotiations. And when you do, put the bottom line right up top. If this family had received only one statement, reading, “You owe $0, but your insurer paid $107,863.33 and the camp’s insurer paid $7,286.34,” would this have been a news story? It probably would have, since much of the story attempts to build the case that the costs were excessive, regardless of who paid. But, though there may be some merit to that second point, the story doesn’t successfully make that argument, either. Let’s unpack the numbers. Were The Costs Excessive? NPR describes the nine-year-old’s terrible day: deadly snakebite at summer camp, desperate helicopter flight to the trauma center, four vials of antivenin, recovery and departure from the hospital a day later. Weeks later, the family received bills totaling $142,938, including $55,577.64 for the helicopter and $67,957 for the antivenin. The remainder consisted of physician, hospital, and ground ambulance charges. The broadcast’s financial analysis came from Dr. Elisabeth Rosenthal, a non-practicing physician and KHN’s editor-in-chief. She said a much cheaper alternative is available in Mexico and offered her ideas on why the charges were so high in this case: “We’ve talked about high air ambulance prices before. . . When your kid gets a poisonous snakebite, they’ll die without rapid treatment, so you’re vulnerable to financial extortion. . . [T]he drugmaker in this case had a monopoly on the product. . . The hospital has a captive audience here and can mark up with abandon. . . When your insurer and your company jumps in to save you from these extortionate bills, . . . premiums in your company are likely to go up the next year.” This narrative—”financial extortion!” “monopoly!” “captive audience!” “extortionate!”—clearly implies that the costs were excessive and abusive. From Rosenthal’s quotes, we can discern four culprits—the helicopter company, the drug manufacturer, the hospital, and the insurers. Let’s examine each: The Helicopter Company The story suggests that the child might have died without the helicopter[fn1]. But helicopters and supporting infrastructure aren’t cheap. A Managed Care article, “Air Ambulance Turbulence: Consolidation, Cost Shifting, and Surprise Billing,” explores whether helicopter costs are excessive. Their answer is, effectively, “maybe yes, maybe no.” At the very least, the manpower needs are eye-opening: “Keeping a single air ambulance helicopter ready 24 hours a day requires 13 people—four pilots, four nurses, four paramedics, and a mechanic, a big national operator told GAO. The agency said based on cost figures from eight air transport providers, the average cost per flight in 2016 ranged from $6,000 to $13,000.” Why was the cost so much higher in this case? Here are two conjectures: perhaps the 160-mile roundtrip was much farther and more time-consuming than average flights. Or perhaps air ambulance flights around Evansville, Indiana are infrequent, requiring the company to spread fixed costs over relatively few patients. The helicopter company’s explanation would be interesting[fn2]. The Drug Manufacturer Part of the antivenin charge is the enormous cost of developing any drug and obtaining Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. That process can take more than a decade and can cost over $2.5 billion. Plus, not many people suffer venomous snakebites. BTG (CroFab’s manufacturer) said that as of 2019, the drug had been used on 50,000 patients over 15 years. $2.5 billion (if that’s what BTG spent) spread over 50,000 cases is $50,000 per patient—just to cover research and development costs. No doubt, the company had sold many times that number of vials to stock pharmacy shelves. (Its shelf life is only 30 months.) This certainly helps explain why CroFab’s wholesale price was $3,200 per vial—far below that conjectural $50,000 figure. NPR noted that hospitals usually charge patients around $16,000 for four vials of CroFab. The story never suggested that BTG charged the hospital, St. Vincent Evansville, more than the usual wholesale price. The hospital, it seems, was primarily responsible for the much higher charge. What can explain that sort of markup? Let’s assume hospital pharmacies buy enough CroFab to cover the manufacturer’s development, approval, and production costs. But in 15 years, they had only been reimbursed for those vials that went to 50,000 actual snakebite patients. If every patient used four vials, for example, that would total only $640 million—far less than a typical drug’s development and approval costs. Who pays the difference? Perhaps St. Vincent Evansville rolled the costs of unused vials onto the bills of snakebite victims or onto the bills of patients who’ve never been near a venomous snake. (This hints at a possible answer to the question, “Why does some hospital charge $50 for an aspirin?”) Hospital charges are also mires of cross-subsidies, so perhaps St. Vincent’s accounting system rolls other costs—personnel, equipment, administration, and charity care—into the antivenin charge. This is only my speculation, but it would be nice to ask the hospital whether that’s the case. Then there’s the fact that the “charges” patients initially receive are mostly accounting fictions that no one will ever pay. In fact, the insurer here negotiated the CroFab price down to $44,092.87. For those who blame American healthcare’s ills on “profits” (like the website that blamed “serpent profiteers”), note that that St. Vincent Evansville is a not-for-profit, religious-affiliated hospital. The bottom line is that the billions it takes to bring a drug like CroFab to market will ultimately come from someone’s pocket—patients, providers, insurers, or taxpayers. Perhaps the $44,092.87 charge here was excessive, but the story lacks sufficient information to warrant that conclusion. When critics of American healthcare round up the usual suspects, insurers are often the first in the squad car. In this story, however, insurers negotiated the bills downward and, according to the story, paid every penny. The story notes that large charges, such as the one described here, cause insurance premiums to rise. That’s true, but again, someone—patients, providers, insurers, taxpayers—have to pay. Now, let’s look at three questions that the NPR story did not address: What would happen if we didn’t pay “outrageous” amounts to air ambulance services? In 2009, actress Natasha Richardson died after a skiing accident in Canada, where provincial governments pays for healthcare. According to an ABC News report at the time: “The province of Quebec lacks a medical helicopter system, common in the United States and other parts of Canada, to airlift stricken patients to major trauma centers. Montreal's top head trauma doctor said Friday that may have played a role in Richardson's death.” The Globe and Mail added: “The Quebec government is making no excuses for the lack of a helicopter air ambulance service to transport trauma patients such as actress Natasha Richardson. . . Purchasing a helicopter ambulance is not a priority and there are no plans to acquire one, a government spokeswoman said yesterday.” So, the good news is that, in 2009, no one in Quebec faced an unexpected $55,577.64 air ambulance bill. But the bad news is that if your life depended on such a service, you’d be dead. NPR’s Rosenthal suggested, “This kind of case is exactly why other countries do regulate drug prices.” But would such a policy yield cheaper antivenin? Rosenthal said a much-cheaper drug was available in Mexico, but this seems irrelevant to the story. Hospitals can only use those drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). According to this story, CroFab was the only FDA-approved antivenin when this child was bitten. NPR said a second serum, Anavip, has since gained FDA approval—but not for copperhead bites. So, maybe Anavip wouldn’t have saved this the child’s life. Or maybe Anavip would have saved her, but the FDA had been sluggish in granting approval. My friend and erstwhile colleague, Alex Tabarrok, once wrote: “the FDA has an incentive to delay the introduction of new drugs because approving a bad drug. . . has more severe consequences for the FDA than does failing to approve a good drug. . . In the former case at least some victims are identifiable and the New York Times writes stories about them and how they died because the FDA failed. In the latter case, when the FDA fails to approve a good drug, people die but the bodies are buried in an invisible graveyard.” Or maybe the FDA has been prompt and efficient, but Anavip’s manufacturer hasn’t made an adequate case. Or maybe the FDA and the manufacturers of Anavip and CroFab have done all they can, and the high cost simply reflects the fact that producing antivenin is an expensive endeavor. NPR’s account didn’t provide any grounds for choosing among these conjectures. The U.S. is the world’s premier pharmaceutical developer in part because under our less-regulated price system, manufacturers stand a chance of recouping costs. To a considerable extent, other countries free ride on the higher prices Americans pay. If the federal government mandates that our prices drop to European or Canadian levels, will we get cheaper antivenin, or will manufacturers simply stop developing drugs like CroFab or Anavip? (The absence of air ambulances in Quebec hints at an unpleasant answer.) Are there, in fact, unlucky families who receive gigantic medical bills for snakebites and actually have to pay that amount? Rosenthal said, “These guys were lucky.” At the time of the story, both parents worked at Indiana University Bloomington. Though unmentioned in the story, the mother was also an elected official and two-time congressional nominee. Almost certainly, their jobs provided them with top-of-the-line health insurance. Since 1983, I’ve enjoyed first-class health insurance through employer-sponsored plans, as well. In fact, a large percentage of Americans are similarly “lucky.” But some Americans aren’t so lucky. Some lack insurance, and some have lower-quality insurance. While federal law gives all Americans guaranteed access to emergency care, regardless of ability to pay, it would be interesting to know whether others in Bloomington, Indiana, are “unlucky” and would have been financially destroyed by the same copperhead bite at the same place. Does that happen? If so, that’s a really powerful story. But it’s not one that made the NPR story[fn3]. NPR raised excellent questions but painted an exceedingly dark impression of American healthcare. But, a different spin on the story’s facts could have put American healthcare in extraordinarily favorable light. In the glass-half-full version, America is a place where: (1) For-profit corporations spend vast sums to develop lifesaving drugs that very few people will ever need; (2) Helicopters stand ready at all hours to transport grievously wounded people; (3) Hospitals are perpetually ready to provide labor, resources, and know-how to save people from the jaws of death; and (4) insurance companies sometimes pay every cent of the cost of such miracles. For those who imagine that savings lie in price controls and government financing, picture yourself, grievously injured, atop a mountain in Quebec. fn1: From Edwin Leap, MD: “copperhead bites are almost never fatal but can cause severe tissue damage depending on the amount of envenomation and other factors. Most deaths in the US are from rattlesnakes. Which are, fortunately, more reclusive and less ill tempered. And they come with that handy alarm system. Copperheads are jerks.” fn2: Also from Dr. Leap: “For air you have to dispatch, warm up the aircraft, load crew, take off, travel, land, turn it off, egress crew, go to patient, assess, maybe stabilize, load patient, load crew, restart, etc. "Hot loads" [tending to the patient while the helicopter idles] do happen but are potentially dangerous. I once nearly walked into a tail rotor as a resident when I was going out the rear clamshell doors on a night flight.” fn3: A colleague of Dr. Leap’s added: “I see so many patients stuck with the cost of out of network services and some have no out of network benefits with policy they purchased. Docs and other providers have no idea what is billed or covered. The whole system works in a way where the right hand has no idea what the left hand is doing. The patients are often stuck with the bill through no fault of their own. The system is broken.” Surgery Center of Oklahoma: No-Surprises Billing The story above focuses on two unpleasant aspects of American medicine—high costs and surprise billing—and illustrates these points with the snakebite patient’s 6-page bill. In the 1990s, Dr. Keith Smith and his colleagues founded the Surgery Center of Oklahoma (SCO) to combat both costs and surprises. SCO’s bills look like the $6,349.00 bill shown here: At SCO, patients don’t receive the usual pages and pages of inexplicable codes and charges. Just one number, all-inclusive and known in advance. To learn the exact prices of hundreds of surgical procedures at SCO, just go to their user-friendly website and click on the part of your body that needs repair and the specific repair needed: To understand how SCO does all of these, read my 2016 article, “Transparent Health Care Pricing — Keith Smith and the Surgery Center of Oklahoma.” You can also listen to or read the text of my 2021, podcast conversation with Keith at, “Fortress and Frontier: Price Transparency in Healthcare.” You’ll hear of the ferocious opposition that SCO faced from established hospitals and insurers. (You’ll also learn how Keith nearly became a concert pianist instead of a doctor.)

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Tesla Supercharger Redding CA: Revolutionizing Electric Vehicle Charging Welcome to the world of Tesla Superchargers in Redding, California! In this comprehensive blog post, we will delve into the exciting realm of electric vehicle charging, specifically focusing on the Tesla Supercharger network in the vibrant city of Redding. With its strategic location in Northern California, Redding serves as a crucial pit stop for Tesla owners traveling between major cities like Sacramento, San Francisco, and Portland. Tesla Supercharger Network: Powering the Future of Electric Travel Tesla Superchargers have revolutionized the electric vehicle industry, offering a fast and convenient way to charge your Tesla on the go. These high-powered charging stations are specifically designed to provide Tesla owners with a rapid charging experience, significantly reducing charging times compared to traditional charging methods. With the Supercharger network, Tesla has created a seamless charging infrastructure that enables long-distance travel without the range anxiety commonly associated with electric vehicles. The advantages of Supercharging go beyond just speed. By strategically placing Supercharger stations along popular travel routes, Tesla has effectively eliminated the worry of running out of battery power during long journeys. This expansive network ensures that Tesla owners have access to reliable charging options, giving them the freedom to explore new destinations and embark on epic road trips. Tesla Supercharger Infrastructure in Redding, CA: Powering Your Journey Redding, located in the heart of Shasta County, is not only a picturesque city surrounded by natural beauty but also a vital hub for Tesla Supercharger stations. There are multiple Supercharger stations strategically positioned throughout the area, offering Tesla owners a convenient charging solution as they traverse the region. At these Redding Supercharger stations, you'll find a sufficient number of charging stalls to accommodate the growing number of Tesla vehicles on the road. With the availability of multiple stalls, the chances of encountering a wait time are significantly reduced, ensuring a smooth and hassle-free charging experience. Moreover, these Supercharger locations are equipped with various amenities and services to enhance your charging session, including nearby restrooms, dining options, and attractions to explore while your vehicle charges. Benefits of Using Tesla Supercharger in Redding, CA: Fast, Cost-effective, and Eco-friendly Using a Tesla Supercharger in Redding comes with a multitude of benefits. Firstly, the fast and efficient charging provided by Superchargers means that you can spend less time waiting and more time enjoying your journey. With the ability to add up to 200 miles of range in just 15-30 minutes, Supercharging allows you to quickly replenish your battery and continue on your adventure. Furthermore, Tesla Superchargers offer cost savings and incentives for owners. Compared to traditional fuel prices, Supercharging can be more economical, resulting in long-term savings. Additionally, some states and regions provide incentives, such as reduced electricity rates or tax credits, to encourage the use of electric vehicles and Superchargers. Redding, being an environmentally conscious city, may offer additional incentives to promote sustainable transportation practices. Lastly, by utilizing Tesla Superchargers in Redding, you contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and promote environmental sustainability. Electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions, significantly reducing air pollution and its associated health risks. By choosing to charge your Tesla at Supercharger stations in Redding, you actively participate in the global effort to combat climate change and create a greener future. Tips and Recommendations for Using Tesla Superchargers in Redding, CA: Making the Most of Your Charging Experience To ensure a seamless Supercharging experience in Redding, we have compiled some tips and recommendations to help you make the most of your charging sessions. Proper trip planning and navigation are key to optimizing your charging stops, ensuring that you arrive at Supercharger stations with adequate battery levels and minimizing potential wait times. Additionally, we will guide you on Supercharger etiquette and best practices, ensuring a harmonious charging environment for all Tesla owners. With tips on sharing charging stalls and maintaining proper charging etiquette, you can contribute to a positive charging experience for everyone. Lastly, we will explore alternative charging options in Redding, such as destination chargers or other charging stations, providing you with alternatives in case Superchargers are not available or if you prefer a different charging experience. Stay tuned for the following sections, where we will dive deeper into each topic, providing you with a comprehensive guide to Tesla Superchargers in Redding, California. Get ready to embark on an electrifying journey as we uncover the world of Tesla Supercharging and its impact on the beautiful city of Redding. Overview of Tesla Superchargers Tesla Superchargers are a game-changer in the world of electric vehicles, offering a revolutionary charging solution for Tesla owners. Designed and built by Tesla, these Superchargers are high-powered charging stations specifically designed for Tesla vehicles, enabling rapid charging and long-distance travel. Unlike traditional charging methods that can take hours to fully charge an electric vehicle, Superchargers are capable of delivering a significant amount of energy to the vehicle's battery in a short amount of time. This allows Tesla owners to quickly recharge their vehicles and continue their journey without prolonged waiting times. Superchargers use a direct current (DC) charging technology, which bypasses the vehicle's onboard charger and delivers electricity directly to the battery. This results in faster charging times compared to alternating current (AC) charging methods commonly used in home charging stations or public charging networks. One of the key advantages of Tesla Superchargers is their strategically placed locations along major highways and popular travel routes. This ensures that Tesla owners have convenient access to charging infrastructure, especially during long-distance trips. The Supercharger network covers a vast geographical area, connecting Tesla owners across the country and even internationally, offering a seamless charging experience for those embarking on road trips or traveling between cities. Tesla is continuously expanding and improving its Supercharger network to accommodate the growing number of electric vehicles on the road. As the demand for electric vehicles increases, Tesla aims to provide an extensive network of Superchargers to cater to the needs of its customers and promote the adoption of sustainable transportation. In the next sections, we will explore the specific Tesla Supercharger infrastructure in Redding, California, and discuss the benefits and tips for using these Superchargers in the area. So, let's dive deeper into the world of Tesla Superchargers and uncover the charging possibilities they offer in Redding, CA. What is a Tesla Supercharger? Tesla Superchargers are state-of-the-art charging stations specifically designed to provide Tesla vehicle owners with a fast and convenient charging experience. These charging stations utilize a high-powered direct current (DC) technology to deliver electricity directly to the vehicle's battery, enabling rapid charging times. Superchargers are different from regular charging stations in terms of power output and charging speed. While regular charging stations typically provide alternating current (AC) charging, Superchargers deliver direct current (DC) at a much higher power level. This allows Tesla owners to recharge their vehicles at a significantly faster rate, adding hundreds of miles of range in just a matter of minutes. The Tesla Supercharger network is built to support long-distance travel and reduce range anxiety for Tesla owners. Superchargers are strategically placed along major travel routes, allowing drivers to plan their trips with confidence, knowing that reliable charging infrastructure is available along the way. This network of Superchargers spans across the United States and other parts of the world, providing Tesla owners with the freedom to explore without limitations. Superchargers are specifically designed for Tesla vehicles and are not compatible with other electric vehicle brands. They are equipped with proprietary charging connectors that ensure a secure and efficient charging experience for Tesla owners. The charging process is seamless, with the vehicle automatically communicating with the Supercharger station to initiate and monitor the charging session. In addition to their speed and convenience, Tesla Superchargers are designed with user comfort in mind. Many Supercharger stations are strategically located near amenities such as restaurants, shopping centers, and restrooms, providing Tesla owners with a comfortable and convenient charging experience. As Tesla continues to expand its Supercharger network, the future of electric vehicle charging looks promising. The widespread availability of Superchargers not only promotes the adoption of electric vehicles but also contributes to the development of a sustainable and cleaner transportation system. In the upcoming sections, we will explore the specific infrastructure of Tesla Superchargers in Redding, California. We will uncover the locations, availability, and amenities of Supercharger stations in Redding, providing you with all the information you need for a seamless charging experience in this vibrant city. So, let's dive deeper into the world of Tesla Superchargers in Redding, CA. Tesla Supercharger Infrastructure in Redding, CA Redding, California, is a city strategically located in Shasta County, making it an essential hub for Tesla Supercharger stations in Northern California. These Supercharger stations in Redding provide Tesla owners with a convenient and reliable charging solution as they travel through the region. The specific locations of Supercharger stations in Redding are carefully chosen to ensure accessibility and convenience for Tesla owners. Whether you're traveling along Interstate 5 or exploring the scenic beauty of the region, you'll find Supercharger stations conveniently positioned along major travel routes. This ensures that Tesla owners can easily incorporate charging stops into their journeys without deviating too far from their intended routes. The number of Supercharger stalls available at each Redding Supercharger station is designed to accommodate the increasing number of Tesla vehicles on the road. With multiple stalls at each location, the chances of encountering a wait time are significantly reduced, allowing for a smooth and efficient charging experience. Tesla continuously monitors and adjusts the number of stalls at each station to meet the growing demand and ensure that Tesla owners have access to charging facilities when needed. To enhance the charging experience, Tesla Supercharger stations in Redding are equipped with various amenities and services. Many stations are located near restrooms, dining options, and shopping centers, providing Tesla owners with opportunities to relax, grab a bite to eat, or explore nearby attractions while their vehicles charge. This combination of charging convenience and nearby amenities makes the Supercharger stations in Redding a welcoming and comfortable environment for Tesla owners. The strategic placement and availability of Supercharger stations in Redding make it an ideal location for Tesla owners to recharge their vehicles during their travels. Whether you're passing through Redding on a road trip or residing in the area, the Tesla Supercharger infrastructure in Redding ensures that you have access to reliable and convenient charging options for your Tesla vehicle. In the next section, we will explore the benefits of using Tesla Superchargers in Redding, CA. We will discuss the fast and convenient charging experience, cost savings and incentives, as well as the environmental sustainability associated with Supercharging. So, let's continue our exploration of Tesla Superchargers in Redding, California. Benefits of Using Tesla Supercharger in Redding, CA Using a Tesla Supercharger in Redding, California comes with a plethora of benefits for Tesla owners. These benefits range from fast and convenient charging to cost savings and environmental sustainability. Fast and Convenient Charging One of the primary advantages of using a Tesla Supercharger in Redding is the speed and convenience it offers. Superchargers are designed to deliver a high-powered charge, allowing Tesla owners to add significant range to their vehicles in a short amount of time. With Supercharging, you can recharge your Tesla battery from low to near full capacity in as little as 30 minutes, depending on the model and battery size. This fast charging capability is especially beneficial for long-distance travel. Instead of spending hours waiting for your vehicle to charge at a regular charging station, Superchargers enable you to make quick pit stops to recharge while you stretch your legs, grab a meal, or take a restroom break. The convenience of Superchargers allows you to spend less time charging and more time enjoying your journey. Cost Savings and Incentives In addition to the time-saving benefits, using Tesla Superchargers in Redding can also result in cost savings. While the cost of Supercharging may vary depending on location and electricity rates, it is often more economical compared to traditional fuel prices. Electric vehicles have lower fuel costs per mile compared to gasoline-powered vehicles, and Supercharging can be a cost-effective alternative to refueling at gas stations. Furthermore, there may be additional incentives and benefits available for Tesla owners who use Superchargers in Redding. Some states and regions offer reduced electricity rates for electric vehicle charging, making Supercharging even more cost-effective. Additionally, there might be tax credits, rebates, or other financial incentives available to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles and promote sustainable transportation practices. Using a Tesla Supercharger in Redding also contributes to environmental sustainability. Electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. By choosing to charge your Tesla at Supercharger stations in Redding, you actively participate in the transition to a cleaner and greener transportation system. Redding, being an environmentally conscious city, values sustainable practices and aims to reduce its carbon footprint. By utilizing Superchargers, Tesla owners in Redding align with the city's commitment to environmental stewardship and contribute to the overall goal of creating a more sustainable community. The benefits of using Tesla Superchargers in Redding, CA extend beyond just the convenience and cost savings. By embracing this advanced charging technology, Tesla owners actively support the shift towards a cleaner and more sustainable transportation future. In the next section, we will provide valuable tips and recommendations for using Tesla Superchargers in Redding, CA. These tips will help you plan your trips, optimize your charging sessions, and ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience while utilizing the Supercharger network. So, let's continue our exploration of Tesla Superchargers in Redding, California. Tips and Recommendations for Using Tesla Superchargers in Redding, CA To make the most of your Tesla Supercharging experience in Redding, California, it's essential to plan ahead and follow some helpful tips and recommendations. These tips will ensure that your charging sessions are efficient, convenient, and enjoyable. Trip Planning and Navigation Before embarking on your journey, it's crucial to plan your Supercharger stops along the way. Utilize Tesla's trip planner or navigation system to map out the Supercharger stations in Redding that align with your route and desired charging intervals. The trip planner takes into account factors such as battery range, charging speed, and the location of Superchargers, providing you with an optimized charging plan. Consider the distance between Supercharger stations and the range of your Tesla vehicle. Plan your stops strategically, ensuring that you have enough battery range to reach the next Supercharger station comfortably. It's always better to have a buffer range to account for unforeseen circumstances or detours. Keep in mind that popular Supercharger stations may experience higher traffic during peak travel times. If you anticipate potential congestion, plan your charging stops during off-peak hours to minimize waiting times and maximize availability. Etiquette and Best Practices at Supercharger Stations To maintain a positive charging experience for all Tesla owners, it's important to follow Supercharger etiquette and best practices. Consider the following guidelines: Share Charging Stalls: Supercharger stations are designed to accommodate multiple Tesla vehicles simultaneously. If all stalls are occupied upon your arrival, park in an available stall and ensure that you leave enough space for other vehicles to access neighboring stalls. Avoid leaving unnecessary gaps between vehicles. Avoid Idle Charging: Once your vehicle has reached an adequate charge level, promptly move your Tesla to make room for others. Idle charging can lead to unnecessary wait times for fellow Tesla owners. Be Mindful of Time: Superchargers are meant for quick charging sessions. Avoid leaving your vehicle plugged in for an extended period after reaching a sufficient charge. This allows other Tesla owners to access the charging stalls promptly. Be Courteous and Respectful: Treat fellow Tesla owners with respect and courtesy. Avoid blocking other vehicles or impeding access to charging stalls. Remember that everyone is there to charge their vehicles and continue their journeys. Alternatives to Supercharging in Redding While Tesla Superchargers offer the fastest and most convenient charging option for Tesla owners, there may be situations where Superchargers are not readily available or if you prefer an alternative charging experience in Redding. An alternative to Supercharging is utilizing destination chargers. These chargers are typically located at hotels, resorts, or shopping centers and offer slower charging speeds compared to Superchargers. However, destination chargers provide an opportunity to charge your vehicle while you enjoy a longer stay, such as overnight or during an extended visit to a specific location. Additionally, Redding may have other public charging stations available, such as Level 2 charging stations or CHAdeMO fast chargers. These stations can be useful for shorter charging sessions or if Superchargers are not conveniently located along your route. When planning your trips, consider these alternative charging options in Redding to ensure you have backup charging solutions and flexibility during your travels. By following these tips and recommendations, you can optimize your Tesla Supercharging experience in Redding, CA, and ensure a smooth and enjoyable journey. So, charge up, hit the road, and explore all that Redding and its surrounding areas have to offer! Alternatives to Supercharging in Redding While Tesla Superchargers provide a fast and convenient charging solution for Tesla owners in Redding, California, there are alternative options available for electric vehicle charging. These alternatives can be useful in situations where Superchargers might not be readily accessible or if you prefer a different charging experience. One alternative to Supercharging in Redding is utilizing destination chargers. Destination chargers are typically located at hotels, resorts, or other hospitality establishments. These chargers offer slower charging speeds compared to Superchargers but are designed for longer stays, such as overnight stays at hotels or extended visits to specific destinations. Destination chargers are a convenient option if you plan to spend an extended period at a particular location in Redding. By utilizing these chargers, you can gradually recharge your Tesla vehicle while you enjoy your stay. Many hotels and resorts in Redding have recognized the growing popularity of electric vehicles and have installed destination chargers to cater to the needs of their guests. Public Charging Stations Redding may have public charging stations available, including Level 2 charging stations and CHAdeMO fast chargers. These charging stations are typically located in public parking lots, shopping centers, or other public areas. While they may not offer the same charging speed as Superchargers, they can be a viable option for shorter charging sessions or if Superchargers are not conveniently located along your route. Level 2 charging stations provide a slower charging rate compared to Superchargers but can still be sufficient for topping up your Tesla's battery during a shopping trip or a visit to a local attraction. CHAdeMO fast chargers, on the other hand, offer higher charging speeds than Level 2 chargers and can be useful if your Tesla is equipped with a CHAdeMO adapter. When planning your trips in Redding, it's a good idea to research and locate public charging stations along your intended route. This will give you additional charging options and flexibility, ensuring that you have backup charging solutions if needed. In addition to destination chargers and public charging stations, there are various charging networks that offer charging services in Redding and the surrounding areas. These networks often have partnerships with businesses, such as restaurants, shopping centers, and parking garages, to provide convenient and accessible charging options for electric vehicle owners. By utilizing charging networks, you can access a wide range of charging stations that may not be tied exclusively to a particular brand or type of electric vehicle. This can be especially beneficial if you are traveling in a region where Tesla Superchargers may be less prevalent or if you are driving a different electric vehicle brand. When utilizing charging networks, it's important to research and understand the network's membership requirements, payment methods, and coverage area. Some charging networks require a membership or RFID card for access, while others may offer pay-as-you-go options. Understanding the network's coverage area will help you plan your charging stops effectively and identify charging stations that align with your route. In conclusion, while Tesla Superchargers provide a convenient and efficient charging solution in Redding, there are alternative options available for electric vehicle owners. By considering destination chargers, public charging stations, and charging networks, you can have additional flexibility and charging options during your travels in and around Redding.

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I'm sad, lower body was already injured, my aunt still went to get black feet, most hateful thing that not only wife got. In fact, are quite a few sensible women around him, like Haitang, her ability no worse than them, but Haitang has a rhino 12000 pill review congenital deficiency, that, status. And another advantage of mastering Liaoshan Guard, that, it not easy to libido boosting gummy be controlled by others. I guess our County Magistrate Wu is so anxious that is about to hang himself! What said was right.

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Coming from This year to be able to 2015, a new nationwide program happened, together with the particular Secretary of state for Health insurance the government University or college of Rio Grande perform Sul (UFRGS) – Brazil, to coach pharmacists doing work in major medical care through the development of his or her clinical as well as connection skills. One of several steps in this method involved the sim with the medication shelling out process and individual advising. To guage the particular performance associated with pharmacists inside medicine shelling out and also advising by way of affected individual sim role-playing held in a face-to-face assembly at the conclusion of training. Any cross-sectional as well as retrospective review with analysis involving affected person simulator tracks information selection having an review tool with ratings ranging from 0 in order to Ten items to evaluate pharmacist’s actions, abilities, as well as technological expertise. Partiient advising.[This fixes infection risk the article DOI 10.1155/2017/1202710.].In side-line arterial ailment (Sleeping pad), angiogenesis is a key course of action associated with fixing the particular microvasculature within the ischemic reduce limb. MicroRNA-210 (miR-210) is often a microRNA that is considerably greater throughout people together with Sleep pad. Even so, the results of miR-210 on angiogenesis pursuing Sleep pad remain hard-to-find. In the present study, mice using hindlimb ischemia (HLI) were produced just as one animal label of PAD, along with miR-210 levels were overexpressed from the ischemic limb. Your overexpression involving miR-210 employing microRNA imitates drastically improved angiogenesis and perfusion healing; as opposed, your knockdown regarding miR-210 impaired perfusion recovery Four weeks soon after HLI. Ischemic muscle tissues has been collected 7 days following new Sleeping pad so that you can conduct biochemical tests, along with miR-210 antagonism led to elevated malondialdehyde quantities. Within cultured endothelial tissue below simulated ischemia, miR-210 imitate increased endothelial mobile or portable possibility and enhanced conduit formation; plus a miR-210 inhibitor diminished cell success Extrapulmonary infection , diminished conduit enhancement along with increased sensitive oxygen types (ROS) amounts. Furthermore, miR-210 antagonism increased the particular necessary protein disulfide-isomerase quantities throughout cultured endothelial cellular material. These outcomes demonstrate that ischemia-induced miR-210 elevation will be adaptive throughout PAD, which miR-210 improves angiogenesis no less than partially by means of reducing ROS production.Weight problems and its particular linked illnesses, such as diabetes type 2, blood pressure PP242 mw and also heart problems, are usually gradually increasing throughout the world. Within the last few years, clinical studies get focused on the actual differentiation overall performance of brownish as well as light tan extra fat, delivering proof for his or her healing possible in treating weight problems. However, zero certain story medication continues to be created to deal with obesity like this. Peptides certainly are a sounding chemically active substances, that happen to be associated together by simply proteins utilizing peptide provides. In addition, the comprehensive dumbbells of each and every list have been obtained. 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The improved CRITIC-G2-TOPSIS powerful model had been demonstrated to be clinical in predicting the particular goaf spontaneous burning threat, and these research outcomes possess important popularization and also application price.Malignant mutualist-mediated effects cancer malignancy incidence is rising worldwide. It’s therapy in a sophisticated condition is hard, as well as the analysis of the serious condition remains to be inadequate genetics services . One significant supply of these kind of difficulties is the higher rate associated with metastasis along with increased genomic lack of stability leading to a top mutation rate along with the continuing development of resistance against healing approaches. Have a look at check out together way to obtain genomic instability your factor associated with account activation regarding transposable elements (TEs) from the tumour. Many of us used the actual well-established medaka melanoma design as well as RNA-sequencing to look into the particular differential term associated with TEs within wildtype as well as transgenic sea food transporting cancer malignancy. Many of us constructed a medaka-specific Les series collection and determined Les series which were specifically upregulated inside growths. Affirmation simply by qRT- PCR established a specific upregulation of your Collection with an LTR consider dangerous melanomas regarding transgenic sea food.Human being T-cell lymphotropic trojan variety A single (HTLV-1) is an infectious malware which has been linked to grown-up Big t mobile leukemia /lymphoma, ambitious CD4-T cellular metastasizing cancer and a lot of some other immune-related medical illnesses. To date, no successful vaccine may combat HTLV-1, for this reason, the actual research work ended up being performed to development any multi-epitope-based subunit vaccine (MEBV) simply by adopting the latest strategy of opposite vaccinology. In brief, a few extremely antigenic meats (Glycoprotein, Accent protein, as well as Taxes proteins) without any or even minimum ( significantly less after that 37%) likeness with human being proteome ended up taken care of as well as probable B- and T-cell epitopes had been predicted at their store. Highly antigenic, immunogenic, non-toxic, non-allergenic as well as overlapping epitopes had been short-listed pertaining to vaccine development. We retrospectively analyzed these people regarding existence of fresh subclinical human brain skin lesions through the relapse-free interval. Five of 145 individuals (Three or more.4%) experienced evident brand new, asymptomatic human brain wounds within the deep whitened make any difference over a full seen relapse-free amount of 708 person-years. Every one of the lesions on the skin were less space-consuming than Half a dozen mm along with evaluated to be nonspecific. Absolutely no human brain patch manifestation of NMOSD or perhaps gadolinium-enhancing patch had been discovered. Asymptomatic mental faculties lesions on the skin hardly ever noticed upon traditional MRI throughout scientifically stable AQP4 antibody-seropositive individuals together with NMOSD right after immunosuppressive remedy and also human brain MRI skin lesions characteristic of NMOSD aren’t observed in your relapse-free interval. These findings might present even more awareness relating to currently acknowledged analytic along with disease-monitoring techniques within NMOSD.Asymptomatic mental faculties skin lesions are hardly ever noticed in standard MRI within clinically steady AQP4 antibody-seropositive sufferers along with NMOSD right after immunosuppressive remedy and mind MRI wounds characteristic of NMOSD are certainly not affecting the actual Isolated hepatocytes relapse-free interval. These bits of information may offer additional awareness concerning presently recognized analytical and disease-monitoring methods inside NMOSD.We all present the truth of the 68-year-old girl whom produced modern visuospatial loss in a period of Eighteen months, leading to losing the woman’s self-sufficiency regarding actions regarding day to day living. Following evaluation, she confirmed signs of Balint affliction together with optic ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and also simultanagnosia without aesthetic acuity impairment. Soon after human brain photo demonstrating significant bilateral parieto-occipital organization cortex atrophy, an analysis of rear cortical wither up was made in line with the 2017 Worldwide Consortium’s requirements. genotype or perhaps diagnostic group on Aβ positivity, we executed multivariate logistic regression looks at. Further exclusive main AGK2 features of latent subgroups were looked at by utilizing any hidden course bunch analysis method. In comparison with ε3 homozygotes, inside the ADCI class, ε2 carriers demonstrated a lower consistency regarding Aβ positivity (odds proportion [OR] 0.43, 95% self confidence period of time [CI] 0.23-0.Seventy nine), during the SVCI class, ε2 carriers showed a better consistency associated with Aβ positivity (Or even 2.26, 95% CI One.02-5.09). Particularly, we noticed a great interaction aftereffect of ε2 carrier status and also diagnostic class in Aβ positivity (Or perhaps 5.A dozen, 95% CI A single.93-13.Sixty), in that in accordance with ε3 homozygotes, there were more Aβ-positive ε2 service providers within the SVCI group in comparison to your ADCI group. In addition we recognized latent subgroups associated with Aβ-positive ε2 service providers using SVCI among people using intellectual impairment.The results suggest that APOE ε2 will be clearly linked to Aβ buildup within people along with SVCI and people using cytomegalovirus infection ADCI. The studies more declare that there is a unique subgroup involving Aβ-positive APOE ε2 providers using SVCI amid patients with psychological problems. The complete successful price within the manage party had been Forty-one.38% under that will within the Cadmium phytoremediation trial and error team 67.85%, and the difference was in past statistics substantial （χ²=4.Drive, P0.05）. ConclusionThe effect of H-UPPP combined with Eco-TBR upon significant OSAHS patients along with obstructive aircraft regarding oropharynx and tongue actual can be certain.ObjectiveTo evaluate the price of improved Mallampati certifying coupled with NoSAS list of questions inside testing for obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）. MethodA complete of 344 individuals accepted to your medical center regarding insomnia issues have been examined. All sufferers have been calculated for peak, bodyweight, neck of the guitar area as well as other variables. NoSAS results, enhanced Mallampati evaluating and polysomnography （PSG） ended up carried out over these patients. According to AHI within PSG checking results, people ended up separated into non-osa team （AHI30） in accordance with the PSG end result. The ROC blackberry curve had been plotted to guage the actual testing value of NoSAS and also improved upon Mallampati certifying combined with NoSAS with regard to OSA. ResultWith your NoSAS rating of 7 or even In search of since cutoffs with regard to analysis, your level of sensitivity regarding OSA was 3.733 and 2.701; your specificity for OSA has been 3.538 and Zero.624, correspondingly. The actual awareness and also uniqueness of NoSAS combined with enhanced Mallampati evaluating for testing OSA had been 0.813 and also 3.710, respectively. ConclusionAs a fresh screening process AT406 research buy application, NoSAS customer survey is simple along with hassle-free, and contains specific screening value thyroid autoimmune disease in order to OSA. The raised Mallampati certifying combined with NoSAS list of questions may certainly help the screening level of sensitivity and also nature associated with Osa, and possesses increased program benefit.ObjectiveTo evaluate the actual efficacy associated with cochlear implantation inside deaf patients along with Mondini malformation and also standard anatomical framework associated with inside the ear, and evaluate if cochlear implantation is usually an effective way in order to construct reading in hearing difficulties people with Mondini malformation, in an attempt to guidebook specialized medical operate. MethodLiterature research was performed upon PubMed, YZ365. org, Wip remedies, Wanfang info, CHKD, CNKI and other electric listings to find case control scientific studies about postoperative rehab aftereffect of hearing problems sufferers using Mondini deformity along with normal framework of inner ear. Execute Meta-analysis by utilizing RevMan 5.3 application. ResultEleven content articles were integrated and also 1 371 patients ended up involved. Meta-analysis showed that it is likely that Mondini irregularities throughout sufferers with intraoperative complications（Z=6.62, P0.05） there wasn’t any in the past factor together with the control team. ConclusionCochlear implantation can be a suggest associated with treatment as well as rehab regarding hearing problems sufferers together with Mondini problems, and is required for reading recouvrement. Further multi-parameter controlled reports with more time follow-up intervals and larger biological materials will increase the trustworthiness for that efficacy regarding cochlear implants inside deaf ness patients along with Mondini malformation.ObjectiveTo look into the submission involving things that trigger allergies in people with sensitized rhinitis（AR） inside Rikaze. MethodA retrospective analysis was executed inside people along with AR identified by simply epidermis prick test （SPT） involving June 2017 and 06 2018 from Rikaze People’s Healthcare facility. Ultrasound and also cfDNA info ended up assessed regarding fetal karyotype. Invasive screening exhibited a new chromosomal problem in 157 (Thirty two.3%) involving 486 fetuses. Throughout 348 circumstances having a low-risk cfDNA test regarding widespread trisomies, NT ≥ 3.5 mm and/or a major structurel deficiency Bioabsorbable beads ended up noticed in Ninety two (Twenty-six.4%) fetuses. A chromosomal problem was found within Seventeen (18.5%; 95%CI 10.55-26.Forty one) of the pregnancies, including One particular (1.1%) the event of trisomy 21 years old as well as Of sixteen (17.4%) fetuses along with issues distinctive from common trisomies. The particular respected likelihood inside the 256 circumstances using a low-risk cfDNA analyze consequence no sonography anomalies was 2.3% (95% CI 3.49-4.20; n = Half a dozen).Within fetuses using 1st trimester ultrasound examination anomalies and a low-risk cfDNA outcome for trisomy 21 years old, Eighteen as well as Thirteen, diagnostic screening ought to be supplied together with the principal aim to identify genetic problems beyond common trisomies.Because electronic digital evidence now functions prominently in lots of offender research, this sort of large volumes associated with requests for the forensic study of devices offers resulted in well advertised backlogs as well as flight delays. In order to manage, triage plans are regularly implemented so that you can decrease the quantity of electronic digital devices that happen to be seized needlessly. Frequently initial responders are usually given the job of performing triage from arena so that you can make a decision whether virtually any determined units must be grabbed along with submitted for forensic exam. In some instances, this is achieved with all the assistance of computer software that enables system content to be “previewed”; however, in some instances, a primary gvo autoresponder may triage products using their common sense along with encounter alone, lacking of information of the gadgets content, called “decision-based system triage” (DBDT). This work provides a discussion of the challenges very first responders confront whenever carrying out DBDT at arena. In reply, the particular Hobbyists position range can be suggested to help you first responders carry out DBDT and to formalize this technique to help support qc with this practice. Your COLLECTORS ranking range consists of 12 groups which in turn 1st responders should rank confirmed system versus Virus de la hepatitis C . Each and every units snowballing credit score ought to be asked against the defined “seizure thresholds” that offer assist to be able to very first responders throughout determining when to seize a computer. To provide make clear, an illustration use-case relating to the Lovers standing range is included, showcasing its program while confronting a number of electronic units at arena. The consequences of surgery ALK cancer site microbe infections (SSI) following glioblastoma surgical treatment about patient outcomes are generally understudied. The goal of this specific retrospective multicenter study was to evaluate the impact of SSI around the success of glioblastoma people. Data from SSI instances after glioblastoma surgical procedures in between ’09 as well as 2016 ended up gathered via Fourteen France neurosurgical facilities. In line with the results of the actual multivariate examination, any nomogram integrating just about all important unbiased factors affecting general tactical along with recurrence-free emergency was constructed to calculate the actual prospects regarding cHCC. Subsequent, risk factors pertaining to Sitting and MVI ended up looked at using logistic regression. Bloodstream signatures were set up with all the selleck LASSO regression, then, many of us put together the medical risk factors along with bloodstream signatures of the sufferers to determine predictive versions regarding Lay and MVI. The particular C-index from the nomogram pertaining to forecasting success has been 2.685 (95% CI, Zero.638 to 3.732), that has been considerably greater than the C-index for various other hard working liver most cancers group systems.Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is among the most ample serum antibody which usually constitutionnel qualities as well as effector capabilities are usually modulated with the connection of assorted sugars moieties named glycans. Structure of the IgG N-glycome modifications as we grow older of the person and in different conditions. Variation of IgG glycosylation in a human population are effectively examined and it is known to be afflicted with equally genetic as well as ecological aspects. Nevertheless, global inter-population variants IgG glycosylation have never been recently correctly addressed. Have a look at existing population-specific N-glycosylation patterns associated with IgG, examined in five distinct people totaling 15,482 IgG glycomes, and also IgG’s fragment crystallizable location (Fc), assessed by 50 percent,579 examples through Bacterial bioaerosol 28 populations sampled across the globe. Nation regarding home related to several N-glycan functions along with the most robust affiliation has been with monogalactosylation exactly where the idea spelled out 38% associated with variation. IgG monogalactosylation highly linked together with the advancement level of a country, determined by U . n . wellness socioeconomic development signals, and also the anticipated lifespan. Subjects from developing nations acquired low levels of IgG galactosylation, attribute with regard to swelling as well as growing older. Each of our outcomes advise that people involving developing nations around the world might be confronted with environmental elements that can cause low-grade persistent infection and the obvious rise in neurological grow older. Research on specifics that encourage older adults to exercise is restricted. This research was carried out get the engagement ulterior motives associated with older People today involved in physical exercise. The actual 418 (One hundred seventy men, 248 girls) that took part in the survey tend to be members with the Erasmus Additionally European Undertaking In accordance Sports. The actual individuals have been separated into a couple of teams. Italia, Spain, along with The country formed the Southern Europe group, and also Turkey and Hungary the actual native immune response Japanese Western european class. Just about all participants concluded the Contribution Motivation Customer survey Seniors. Probably the most highly reported ulterior motives regarding participation could have fun, stay fit, retain balanced, and an pleasure regarding physical exercise. This can be essential for a broad range of vital wise apps, like clever health care programs. Powerful image distinction is among the main parts of issue for experts, which can happen during analysis beneath the IoT surroundings. Dynamic graphic group is associated with many temporary information perturbations (like fresh school birth and class evolution concern) which result in a huge distinction degeneration in the implemented classification designs and earn them in-effective. As a result, these studies address this kind of temporary variance (novel school birth and class development problem) and suggests the modified heavy mastering composition (ameliorated adaptable convolutional sensory network (CNN) ensemble fn IoT-enabled flexible wise dermoscopy gadget (pertaining to dermatologists). As a result, more changes inside classification exactness (are the real deal selleck kinase inhibitor dataset) could be the potential issue of the study.Multiple bodily hormone neoplasia variety 1 (MEN1) is really a rare passed down cancer symptoms, characterized by the development of multiple neuroendocrine cancers (Fabric tailgate enclosures) in a Immediate Kangaroo Mother Care (iKMC) individual. Key manifestations consist of primary hyperparathyroidism, gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine cancers, and pituitary adenomas. In addition to these kinds of main Material, a variety of combinations of greater than 20 bodily hormone along with non-endocrine tumors happen to be described within MEN1 people. Regardless of advances in analytic strategies and treatment plans, which are generally much like those of infrequent growths, sufferers with MEN1 have a poor life expectancy, as well as the requirement for targeted therapies will be strongly thought. MEN1 is caused by germline heterozygous inactivating versions with the MEN1 gene, which in turn encodes menin, the tumour suppressant protein. The lack of an immediate genotype-phenotype relationship doesn’t permit the determination of the actual specialized medical length of the particular syndrome. One of the probable reasons for this lack of association could be related in order to epigenetic aspects, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), single-stranded non-coding little RNAs that adversely get a grip on post-transcriptional gene expression. A number of miRNAs, along with their deregulation, happen to be related to MEN1 tumorigenesis. Lately, a good extracellular type of miRNAs has also been determined (c-miRNAs); variations within their ranges demonstrated association with various man illnesses, such as growths. The goal of this particular review is to supply a general introduction about the involvement associated with miRNAs inside MEN1 tumor growth, to use as possible focuses on for novel molecular remedies. The possible function regarding c-miRNAs as future non-invasive analytic along with prognostic biomarkers of MEN1 will likely be discussed at the same time.The thermal along with mechanical components involving polysiloxane foam are generally tremendously increased from the addition of acrylolsobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA0701, hereinafter referred to as MAPOSS), containing increase Aeromonas veronii biovar Sobria provides. The particular morphologies and also properties in the polysiloxane composite memory foam ended up recognized. For that reason, this specific composition can be considered as a good possible substance pertaining to rheumatism. It can be anticipated the results of this study may lose selleck compound a lightweight for the remedy techniques from the Medically fragile infant rheumatoid arthritis ailment. Along with constraints involving heart disease danger stratification by classic risks, the part associated with noninvasive photo methods, for example vascular ultrasound exam, has emerged as a leading power regarding decision-making in coronary heart. A review of current tips and also contemporary methods for carotid as well as femoral oral plaque buildup assessment is required to better tell diagnosing, management, as well as treatments for coronary artery disease in specialized medical exercise. The present consensus-based suggestions regarding carotid oral plaque buildup examination throughout coronary heart have been in existence, backed up by a number of outcomes-based analysis. Currently, there exists a gap regarding data for the usage of femoral ultrasound examination to identify illness, along with foresee adverse heart outcomes. The particular quantification and depiction associated with individualized plaque problem are important in order to stratify danger inside asymptomatic or perhaps symptomatic illness sufferers. Standard quantification guidelines, backed up by even more outcomes-based study, have to assess ailment severity along with further advancement.The current consensus-based tips regarding carotid plaque evaluation in coronary heart have been about, based on several outcomes-based analysis. Currently, there exists a gap involving evidence for the utilization of femoral sonography to identify coronary artery disease, and also foresee adverse cardio final results. The particular quantification as well as characterization involving tailored back plate burden are essential to stratify chance within asymptomatic or symptomatic atherosclerosis individuals. Consistent quantification tips immunocompetence handicap , based on even more outcomes-based analysis, must determine condition severity and also further advancement.Daptomycin, produced by Streptomyces roseosporus is a fresh cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic for treatment of Gram-positive bacterias triggered microbe infections. Whilst, the particular regulating system of daptomycin activity is not entirely recognized. Take a look at noted which DptR1, any LuxR family members transcriptional regulator, enjoyed any pleiotropic regulatory part about daptomycin combination, the first time. Removal or even over-expressing regarding dptR1 cuts down the daptomycin’s creation, enhances the transcriptional amounts of the core dpt genetics involving evening Several and decreases the actual transcriptional quantity of a core dpt body’s genes associated with morning 4, greatly, which indicates the transcriptional regulating DptR1 about daptomycin synthesis is complex as well as time-ordered. The transcriptional levels of dptR2 rise in dptR1 erasure mutant (DR1), but decrease in dptR1 over-expression mutant (OR1), significantly, when compared to the starting stress regarding Streptomyces roseosporus N3 (WT), around the 3 rd morning, indicating that DptR1 represses your transcribing regarding dptR2. While, the transcriptional levels of dptR3 both in DR1 along with OR1 lessen obviously, in comparison to WT, around the 3 rd as well as Next morning. Nevertheless, the outcome upon student stress levels should be thought about.Prescription antibiotic opposition boost bacteria is an ever-increasing international well being worry while brand new immune strains and/or opposition mechanisms emerge every day, out-pacing the discovery involving book prescription medication. Increasingly, analysis concentrates on alternate tactics, such as antimicrobial photodynamic treatments (APDT) or photocatalytic disinfection, to Automated Microplate Handling Systems battle bad bacteria even before an infection comes about. Small molecule “photosensitizers” are already made to date for this software, making use of gentle power for you to instill injury along with loss of life about regional TAK-981 mouse pathogens through the technology of reactive air species (ROS). These kind of molecular real estate agents are frequently constrained within popular request by simply artificial expenditure and also difficulty. Carbon dioxide dots, or neon, quasi-spherical nanoparticle houses, produce an economical as well as “green” solution for the fresh form of APDT photosensitizers. Up to now, critiques have examined the complete antimicrobial attributes regarding carbon dept of transportation buildings. Herein we offer a new focused review about the current advancement regarding carbon dioxide nanodots within photodynamic disinfection, showcasing choose studies involving as well as dots because inbuilt photosensitizers, constitutionnel tuning techniques for optimization, along with their used in Hepatic resection crossbreed disinfection systems and also supplies. Limits as well as problems may also be reviewed, and also fashionable fresh methods presented. This evaluate offers a centered base that APDT utilizing carbon dots could possibly be widened from now on investigation, eventually on the worldwide scale.Throughout methods linked to sensible power grids, intelligent yards together with fast and also successful reactions have become attractive finding anomalies within realtime. Nevertheless, sending data using a rate of recurrence of a moment or less isn’t regular along with modern tools due to the bottleneck in the connection system along with storage press. Since minimization can not be carried out realtime, we propose idea techniques employing Strong Nerve organs Network (DNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and also k-Nearest Neighbours (KNN). Along with they, the conjecture timestep can be selected each day along with covered with dropping home windows, and clustering making use of Kmeans along with intersection Kmeans as well as HDBSCAN is additionally examined. The predictive capacity applied the following is to predict whether defects throughout electrical energy use may occur in the following month or so. The thing is to supply the user time for you to check their consumption along with from the power side, be it necessary to create a adequate offer. We propose your latency decline for you to counter increased latency as with the traditional focused program by adding covering Border Multi meter Data Supervision Method (MDMS) and Cloud-MDMS because the effects along with education model. Moringa oleifera (Meters. oleifera) Lam (Moringaceae) is really a perennial plant broadly found in To the south Parts of asia and also Cameras as being a classic folk medicine to treat a lot of problems like paralysis, helminthiasis, upper thighs . as well as skin illness. The review provides a vital as well as thorough evaluation of the actual botany, conventional employs, phytochemistry, pharmacology, accumulation, garden economic system and also eating advantage of Meters. oleifera as well as upcoming viewpoints. With this review, the complete plant of Meters. oleifera, made up of varied phytochemicals, is made clear. The actual 163 compound factors, provided flavonoids, carbamates, glucosinolates, phenols, etc with assorted bioactivities, including anti-tumour, de-oxidizing, anti-inflammatory, and the like. Additionally, Mirielle. oleifera is actually poisonous with certain doasage amounts; and excessive use might cause genotoxicity. Even though Meters. oleifera may be widely used in traditional medicine, the particular pharmacological studies which were carried out to date are not adequate for its use within your establishing of evidence-based medicine. Little GDC-0449 research buy pertinent information through numerous studies regarding M. oleifera have been described. Many scientific studies of its components, like carbamates along with glucosinolates, are already executed just within vitro. As a result of deficiencies in available files, the particular pharmacology, toxicity, garden overall economy along with dietary benefit of the elements and also extracts call for further evaluation.Even though Mirielle. oleifera has become widely used inside traditional medicine, your medicinal scientific studies which were executed to date are not adequate for the biomimetic channel used in the particular setting involving evidence-based medication. Minor related files from clinical studies involving Meters. oleifera have been documented. The majority of research of its components, like carbamates along with glucosinolates, are already carried out only within vitro. Owing to too little offered info, the particular pharmacology, toxic body, farming economic climate as well as nutritional benefit of it’s constituents and also concentrated amounts need more analysis.Amino acid homeostasis is preserved Tubing bioreactors by importance, move, oxidation, as well as synthesis associated with unnecessary amino acids, by the actual functionality and also breakdown of necessary protein. These kinds of functions work in addition to regulating factors that feeling amino acids or his or her metabolites. During and after nutritious ingestion, protein homeostasis is dominated by autoregulatory techniques including transfer along with oxidation associated with excessive proteins. Amino deprival sparks procedures including autophagy and the setup of wider transcriptional programs to take care of lcd protein amounts. Amino acid transportation has an important role inside the ingestion regarding amino acids within the bowel, the distribution involving aminos throughout cellular material and organs, the particular these recycling regarding amino acids in the elimination, along with the recycling regarding amino acids following necessary protein break down.

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Hello! If you’re here on this article, it’s likely that you’re on the verge of opening an online store or growing an existing retail venture online. Perhaps, you have heard of the Shopify platform as an optimal platform to make this happen for you, yet are unsure whether it is truly what it promises or the suitable choice for your endeavor – in which case, this article offers the perfect beginning! Join me as we start this helpful venture together. What Is Shopify? Fundamentally, the Shopify platform is a all-inclusive e-commerce platform designed to allow companies of all sizes, including small and large, to establish online stores effortlessly and sell products with confidence. Not confined solely to online stores – Shopify allows you to market across various platforms – such as mobile-based apps, social media platforms, marketplaces or physical locations – making selling easy for all sellers! If this sounds confusing – let’s break it down for you: To put it simply, it presents one option for all your sales needs with convenient reach to customers wherever they may be found – making Shopify an indispensable one-stop solution to all your sales needs offering an easy customer reach no matter where they may be located! Who Gets the Most Benefit From Utilizing Shopify? Shopify Is Perfect For Small Businesses. SMBs with big dreams will find Shopify an precious ally. Not only is it affordable, but also exceptionally user-friendly – no need for coding expertise to navigate your way around this platform! There are pre-designed layouts to help create the store of your dreams that precisely reflect your unique brand without ever requiring to write any lines of code! Solo Business Owners The Shopify solution is the ideal choice for individual entrepreneurs to realize their entrepreneurial dreams and convert them into tangible realities. No need for lengthy web design courses or costly developer teams – with Shopify you have all of the capabilities and assistance necessary to build an e-commerce platform solo without needing technical expertise. Shopify’s strong functions reach well beyond small businesses and entrepreneurs; large corporations can leverage the platform too. Shopify Plus capabilities provide tailored support for larger and scaling businesses – from customization and automation tools, dedicated support services, and increased capacity; the Shopify Plus platform ensures your growing business won’t outgrow its platform. The Inner Workings of Shopify The beauty of the platform lies in its ease. Once signed up, all it takes to start an online store is choosing a design that aligns with your brand, tailoring it to meet customer preferences, integrating products and making purchases – it couldn’t be simpler! Plus you’ve got payment gateways, tracking orders, shipping management capabilities, and customer communication all from one easy platform – sounds too good to be true? But that’s exactly what Shopify delivers; an effortless yet effective means of running an ecommerce business! Establish Your Shopify Store Now Establishing your online store is like building your ideal house. First, pick a theme that captures the style you desire – with the platform offering both free and premium themes designed by top designers – before stocking up your store manually or importing bulk products – with product descriptions, pricing, product images, as well as inventory management all easily managed in-house by Shopify itself! After filling your store, it’s time to set up payment gateways – the platform offers various payment methods so your customers can buy products with ease while you manage inventory all without touching a line of code! Finally, payment processors must be set up: Shopify supports multiple payment gateway options so customers can buy products effortlessly without touching a single line of code; just think! Positive Aspects of Shopify The platform isn’t just another tool; it’s a comprehensive e-commerce solution. Offering various features to make selling products online easier for businesses of all sizes, Shopify’s ease of use, flexibility, and scalability make it the perfect platform. Plus it comes packed with powerful marketing tools as well as advanced analytics so you can keep an eye on store performance and make data-driven decisions! Essential Features of Shopify Shopify offers a range of features crafted to help your e-commerce venture thrive, from SEO and marketing tools that enhance online visibility, to robust security measures like SSL to protect both store owners and their customers, not forgetting outstanding customer support! Whether it be creating your store or troubleshooting an issue – whatever it may be Shopify has got your back covered with exceptional support services ready and waiting to help! With the platform, you can rely on a comprehensive set of features created to empower your e-commerce business and fuel your success. As an entrepreneur, one of your primary considerations will likely be cost. Shopify’s pricing plans provide plans tailored to different business needs and budgets; Entry-level plans provide access to essential features while Premium offers more features. And the fantastic thing is – each plan provides access to basic features like uploading endless products, access to multiple different sales channels, and continuous customer support. For more substantial operations looking to optimize their potential, the platform’s more advanced plans offer professional reports, lower transaction fees, and third-party calculated shipping rates for even further expansion. Shopify’s versatile and scalable pricing ensures that as your business expands, so can its e-commerce platform without incurring additional expenses. One of the primary advantages of Shopify is its trial period at no cost, enabling you to discover its features, establish your online store, and learn about how the platform operates without incurring any financial risk or commitment. No credit card details are necessary during this trial period, allowing for authentically risk-free experimentation and uninhibited exploration of Shopify’s capabilities.Shopify Basic is the entry-level plan, but don’t be misled by its name: this plan comes packed with essential features for new businesses or those just getting into online sales. The Shopify Basic plan gives you access to all of the core features of their platform, including selling an unlimited number of products, two staff accounts for managing your business, sales channels for both online and social media sales channels, around-the-clock customer support in addition to an SSL certificate and fraud analysis tools for added protection of your business. The Shopify Basic plan may not provide access to all of the advanced features found in higher-tier plans, but it offers an excellent starting point for launching an e-commerce venture. Shopify Plan is the mid-tier plan designed for growing businesses that need extra features beyond what the Basic Plan can provide. It includes all the capabilities in Basic, as well as comprehensive analytics to better assess business performance; global domains and languages to expand your customer base globally; and reduced transaction fees which help increase profitability and enhance your profits. The Shopify Advanced plan is designed for high-volume sellers and businesses seeking to scale. It contains all of the features of the Shopify Plan as well as added tools like a sophisticated reporting tool for more in-depth business analysis, third-party calculated shipping rates for more accurate cost estimation, and externally calculated rates which give both you and your customers more precise shipping costs. With Shopify Advanced, you have access to a complete suite of features to handle your high-volume business efficiently and effectively. How to Optimize Your Shopify Store In today’s dynamic e-commerce landscape, simply having a store isn’t enough – to ensure maximum visibility, reach, and conversion rates, optimizing your Shopify store requires some thoughtful methods. Here are a few methods of doing this to attain optimal performance. Optimization of SEO is of vital importance when it comes to increasing store visibility on search engines and helping potential customers discover your store more effortlessly. This entails keyword research and integration, meta descriptions, and making sure the site architecture is optimized for search engines. As part of any successful online store, loading speed is of immense significance. Data have demonstrated that just a single-second delay can cost sales conversions by as much as seven percent – therefore making sure your online store built on Shopify loads rapidly can boost user experience and boost sales. Ensuring swift loading times for your online store is essential to maximize user experience and drive higher sales metrics. Your Shopify store must feature a design that adapts to different screen sizes. With smartphones becoming more prevalent every year, more shoppers than ever are doing their shopping online via mobile devices. A responsive design will guarantee that it looks and functions seamlessly on any device for an optimal customer experience for buyers. Implementing a design that is responsive is essential to meet the increasing number of mobile shoppers and offer an excellent user experience. Engaging, pertinent content creation is among the most effective ways to attract and retain customers. This could take the form of product descriptions, blog posts, tutorials, or reviews from customers; top-notch material not only enhances SEO efforts but can position your brand as a trusted authority within its specific field. By developing captivating and relevant content, you are able to attract and maintain customers effectively while establishing your brand’s standing as a reliable authority in your industry. Key Pointers for Succeeding on Shopify Success on Shopify does not happen in an instant; it takes strategic planning and consistent hard work. Here are a few approaches that may accelerate your path to success on Shopify. Choose a theme that accurately reflects your brand’s aesthetic and philosophy for optimal success. A shop that looks attractive will likely retain visitors coming in, while more efficiently engaging visitors could turn them to customers. Deliberately assess which products you want to sell. They should be items that ignite your passion that also have strong market demand. Furthermore, make sure your product descriptions are informative yet engaging for prospective buyers. Delivering excellent customer service is a cornerstone of success in e-commerce. Always be prepared to assist your customers, address their inquiries promptly, and create the seamless shopping experience possible for them. Execute an effective marketing strategy using search engine optimization, social media platforms, and email marketing techniques to reach more people and turn them into loyal customers. As with any platform, Shopify contains both advantages and cons to keep in mind when making a decision about it. Below are a few key pros and disadvantages: Easy-to-use Interface: Shopify is well known for its easy-to-use interface and straightforward design, making it an excellent option for newcomers to e-commerce or those desiring a hassle-free experience. From product addition to managing orders, Shopify makes everything easy even without technical knowledge. Comprehensive Features: Shopify provides an wide suite of tools to handle your online business, from stock and SEO management tools, sales analytics and CRM platforms, customer relationship management tools, and customer relationship management software – meaning it has almost all of the resources you need to manage an efficient online store. Selling on Multiple Channels: Shopify allows you to sell through various channels – not only your online store, but also social media, online marketplaces, and physical shops or pop-up shops – in order to reach more of your target customers and increase sales potential. This flexibility means reaching them at their preferred platforms! Responsive Customer Support: The platform provides 24/7 customer support via email, live chat, and phone if any issues arise. In addition, there’s an extensive Help Center as well as active community forums that offer additional assistance. Scalability: Shopify has the capability to grow with your business as your needs do. As your requirements evolve, upgrading to more sophisticated plans with greater features and capabilities keeps costs manageable at each stage. This means Shopify stays cost-effective through every stage of your business growth. Transaction Fees: To the detriment of smaller businesses, Shopify applies additional transaction fees per sale on all sales not made through its payment gateway – Shopify Payments. This can diminish profits significantly and erode profit margins substantially. Limited customization: While Shopify provides many customization options, certain limitations such as HTML and CSS coding languages restrict what can be achieved when it comes to tweaking store design and functionality. Some users demand additional flexibility for tailoring their store. Costs: Though Shopify’s pricing plans are fairly competitive, costs can accumulate swiftly if you factor in premium themes, paid apps, and transaction fees (if you don’t utilize Shopify Payments). Users share invaluable insight into a platform’s performance through reviews. Shopify users have offered positive reviews that highlight its ease of use, wide array of features, and outstanding customer support – reaffirming that Shopify meets all their e-commerce needs in one convenient package. Users’ reviews function as endorsements that strengthen Shopify’s reliability as a trusted and complete e-commerce solution. Curious About Shopify’s User-Friendliness? Absolutely! Shopify’s user-friendly design is what sets it apart, making the platform accessible even to beginners. From establishing an e-commerce store and handling stock and processing orders, every function on Shopify was developed for effortless usability – the user interface being both clean and straightforward with an organized dashboard for efficient business administration. Themes for Shopify The platform provides an impressive array of professional themes designed to give your online store an eye-catching appearance. Not only are these visually appealing; they’re also responsive, meaning that they adjust automatically for different screen sizes across desktop computers, tablets, and smartphones for a enhanced customer shopping experience on all devices. With Shopify’s variety of professional themes, you can conveniently build an appealing and mobile-responsive online store that provides a flawless customer experience to buyers regardless of the device they are using. Comparing Shopify to Other Platforms Although Shopify is an remarkable e-commerce platform, it is important to evaluate it against other e-commerce solutions. Our analysis will take into account aspects like pricing, ease of use, features, and customer support – ensuring we offer a thorough overview. No matter whether it be WooCommerce, Magento, or the BigCommerce platform – each has their own set of benefits and drawbacks that should help guide your selection on which one is most suitable for the specific business goals and needs for you. Having a clear understanding of this will enable you to make an well-informed choice that aligns with your specific business demands and goals. Head-to-Head: Shopify vs. Ecwid Both the Shopify platform and Ecwid offer e-commerce solutions, but each is designed to address different needs. Shopify is an complete e-commerce platform designed for managing entire online stores; offering comprehensive tools for managing products, sales, customers, and sales channels ranging from your own website through social media to marketplaces like eBay or Amazon. Ecwid, on the other hand, is a flexible e-commerce solution that focuses on integrating into existing websites or social media platforms, allowing seamless online selling without the need to develop a complete online store. Comparing Shopify and WooCommerce WooCommerce is a cost-free e-commerce plugin designed specifically for the WordPress websites, unlike Shopify which acts as a independent platform. While offering features such as managing products, shopping cart functionality, and payment gateways; its management depends on you in terms of hosting security and optimization. WooCommerce provides versatility and control, allowing you to tailor and adapt your e-commerce store based on your specific website hosting requirements and preferences. Analyzing the Differences: Shopify vs. BigCommerce Both Shopify and the BigCommerce platform provide comprehensive e-commerce platforms, offering numerous features for operating an e-commerce store. Both platforms share similar functionalities when it comes to managing products, sales, SEO, and selling across multiple channels tools. The Shopify platform and BigCommerce provide robust tools that enable effective product management, order processing, SEO, and selling on multiple channels. Shopify or Magento: Which is Better? Magento is an open-source e-commerce platform known for its flexibility and customization options, but also for being complicated to set up. While Shopify provides user-friendly support that’s suitable for newcomers to e-commerce, the Magento platform requires significant technical knowledge (or the budget for professional developer assistance) in order to be effective. Magento offers comprehensive personalization options, enabling users to modify their online stores to their specific requirements. However, setting up and managing a Magento-based store may demand advanced technical knowledge and experience in order to optimize its full potential. The Shopify platform, on the other hand, provides a beginner-friendly interface that streamlines the task of setting up and running an e-commerce store, removing the requirement for technical expertise. Closing Thoughts: Is Shopify the Right Option for You? As always, selecting an e-commerce platform depends upon your specific needs, goals, and resources. With this overview to Shopify, we aim to offer an detailed insight of its capabilities and potential. No matter if you are just getting into online sales for the first time, or an established corporation looking to expand their digital footprint, the Shopify platform offers an extremely dependable platform that can fulfill the distinctive requirements of each entrepreneur or corporation; you can determine if this platform will most effectively support your specific journey. Does Shopify cater to beginners? Absolutely! Shopify has been created with newcomer entrepreneurs in mind, making it an ideal platform for those new to e-commerce. Thanks to its easy-to-use user-interface and complete support resources, creating your online store can be done even without pre-existing experience with e-commerce platforms. Additionally, the platform provides educational materials to help users navigate this new terrain. By utilizing Shopify, you can efficiently launch your online business and acquire knowledge along the way. Can I use Shopify to sell services, or does it just focus on products? The Shopify platform makes selling physical products and services effortless, whether it’s physical products, digital downloads, or services – with features tailored specifically for each requirement. If offering services is your aim, use Shopify’s feature for service-based products to build services without shipping requirements. With Shopify, you can efficiently administer and market a diverse array of offerings according to your company’s needs. Is Shopify exclusive to online storefronts, or are there other types of stores using it? No. The Shopify platform is not only a leading platform for e-commerce stores; they also deliver solutions for in-person selling – temporary retail spaces, markets, and in-store sales are among their solutions. The platform’s unified platform makes administering all sales and inventory simple whether it happens online or offline. By utilizing Shopify, you can seamlessly incorporate your digital and in-person sales and efficiently manage stock and transactions throughout multiple channels through one platform. What options are available if I require assistance setting up my Shopify store? Shopify provides round-the-clock customer support via electronic mail, live chat, and phone. They also have an comprehensive Help Center filled with guides, tutorials, and community forums where users can find solutions to typical inquiries as well as acquire more understanding into using the platform. Using Shopify, you can access uninterrupted customer support to address any questions or problems that may arise, ensuring a smooth experience while utilizing the platform’s features effectively. Is it possible to personalize my Shopify store? Yes! The Shopify platform provides an array of customization options, from choosing your store theme to integrating branding elements. If you possess programming knowledge, you may also delve further into its code for further development. By utilizing Shopify, you have the flexibility to personalize your store’s look and brand identity, guaranteeing it mirrors your distinctive style and suits your specific business needs.

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Greetings! If you have landed on this article, there’s a good chance that you’re planning to opening an internet-based store or expanding an existing retail business online. Maybe, you have heard of Shopify as an optimal solution to make this happen for you, yet are unsure whether it is really what it promises or the suitable choice for your endeavor – in that situation, this article provides the perfect starting point! Let’s as we start this knowledgeable journey together. What Is The Shopify eCommerce Solution? Fundamentally, Shopify is a comprehensive e-commerce solution designed to enable organizations of all sizes, including small and large, to establish internet-based stores with ease and promote products with pride. Not limited solely to web stores – Shopify enables you to offer across various channels – such as mobile apps, social media platforms, marketplaces or physical locations – making selling seamless for all sellers! If this sounds confusing – let’s break it down for you: To put it simply, it presents one option for all your sales needs with smooth reach to customers wherever they may be found – making Shopify an invaluable one-stop solution to all your sales needs offering an easy customer reach no matter where they may be located! Who Gets the Most Benefit From the Shopify eCommerce Solution? Shopify Is Ideal For SMBs. Small-scale enterprises with grand dreams will find Shopify an indispensable ally. Not only is it cost-effective, but also exceptionally user-friendly – no need for computer science degrees to operate your way around this platform! There are premade templates to help establish the store of your dreams that exactly mirror your unique brand without ever requiring to write any pieces of code! The Shopify solution is the ideal option for individual entrepreneurs to fulfill their entrepreneurial dreams and convert them into concrete realities. No need for lengthy web design courses or costly developer teams – with Shopify you have all of the capabilities and assistance necessary to build an e-commerce platform solo without needing technical expertise. Shopify’s powerful functions go well beyond small businesses and entrepreneurs; large corporations can utilize the platform too. Shopify Plus features provide specialized support for larger and scaling businesses – from customization and automation tools, dedicated support services, and increased capacity; Shopify Plus ensures your growing business won’t outgrow its platform. Understanding Shopify’s Functionality The beauty of Shopify lies in its ease. Once signed up, all it takes to start an online store is picking a design that aligns with your brand, tailoring it to meet customer preferences, integrating products and making purchases – it couldn’t be simpler! Plus you’ve got payment gateways, tracking orders, shipping management capabilities, and customer communication all from one easy platform – sounds too good to be true? But that’s exactly what Shopify delivers; an seamless yet effective means of running an ecommerce business! Launch Your Shopify Store Without Delay Establishing your Shopify store is like constructing your dream house. First, select a theme that captures the style you desire – with Shopify offering both complimentary and premium themes designed by top designers – before stocking up your store manually or importing bulk products – with descriptions, prices, product images, and inventory management all easily managed in-house by Shopify itself! After stocking up your store, it’s time to set up payment gateways – Shopify offers various payment methods so your customers can purchase products with ease while you manage inventory all without touching a line of code! Finally, payment processors must be set up: Shopify supports multiple payment gateway options so customers can purchase products effortlessly without touching a single line of code; just think! Pros of Shopify Shopify isn’t just another tool; it’s a comprehensive e-commerce solution. Offering various features to make selling products online easier for businesses of all sizes, the platform’s user-friendliness, flexibility, and scalability make it the perfect platform. Plus it comes packed with powerful marketing tools as well as advanced analytics so you can keep an eye on store performance and make data-driven decisions! Essential Features of Shopify Shopify offers a range of features tailored to help your e-commerce venture thrive, from search engine optimization and marketing tools that enhance online visibility, to robust security measures like SSL to protect both store owners and their customers, not forgetting outstanding customer support! Whether it be establishing your store or troubleshooting an issue – whatever it may be Shopify has got your back covered with exceptional support services available and waiting to help! With the platform, you can rely on a all-inclusive set of features created to support your e-commerce endeavor and propel your success. As an entrepreneur, one of your primary considerations will likely be cost. The platform’s pricing plans provide plans tailored to different business needs and budgets; Entry-level plans provide access to basic features while Advanced offers more capabilities. And the great thing is – each plan provides access to fundamental features like uploading unlimited products, access to multiple sales channels, and continuous customer support. For larger operations looking to capitalize on their potential, the platform’s more advanced plans offer professional reports, lower transaction fees, and third-party calculated shipping rates for even further expansion. The platform’s versatile and scalable pricing ensures that as your business expands, so can its e-commerce platform without incurring any expenses. One of the primary advantages of Shopify is its free trial period, enabling you to discover its features, establish your online store, and familiarize yourself with how the platform operates without incurring any financial risk or commitment. No credit card details are necessary during this trial period, allowing for genuinely risk-free experimentation and unrestricted exploration of the platform’s capabilities.Shopify Basic is the entry-level plan, but don’t be misled by its name: this plan comes packed with essential features for new businesses or those just getting into online sales. The Shopify Basic plan gives you access to the full range of the core features of their platform, including selling an unlimited number of products, 2 staff accounts for managing your business, sales channels for both online and social media selling channels, around-the-clock customer support in addition to an SSL certificate and fraud analysis tools for added protection of your business. Shopify Basic may not provide access to all of the high-level features found in higher-tier plans, but it offers an great starting point for starting an e-commerce venture. The Shopify Plan is the mid-tier plan designed for growing businesses that need added features beyond what the Basic Plan can provide. It includes all the features in Basic, as well as detailed performance reports to better assess business performance; international domains and languages to extend your customer base worldwide; and reduced transaction fees which help optimize profitability and drive your profits. The Shopify Advanced plan is designed for high-volume sellers and businesses seeking to scale. It contains all of the features of the Shopify Plan as well as added tools like an advanced report builder for more in-depth business analysis, third-party calculated shipping rates for more accurate cost estimation, and externally calculated rates which give both you and your customers more precise shipping costs. With the Shopify Advanced plan, you have access to a full suite of features to run your high-volume business efficiently and effectively. Enhancing Your Shopify Store for Better Results In today’s constantly changing e-commerce landscape, simply having a store isn’t enough – to ensure maximum visibility, reach, and conversion rates, optimizing Shopify stores requires some strategic tactics. Here are a few techniques of doing this to achieve optimal performance. Enhancement of SEO is of vital importance when it comes to improving store visibility on search engines and helping potential customers discover your store more easily. This entails researching keywords and integration, meta descriptions, and making sure the site structure is designed with search engines in mind. As part of any successful online store, loading speed is of immense significance. Data have demonstrated that just a one-second delay can cost conversion rates by as much as seven percent – therefore making sure your Shopify store loads rapidly can improve user experience and elevate sales. Ensuring fast loading times for your online store is vital to maximize customer experience and drive higher sales metrics. Your Shopify store must feature a design that adapts to different screen sizes. With smartphones becoming more prevalent year after year, more shoppers than ever are doing their shopping online via mobile devices. A responsive design will guarantee that it looks and functions seamlessly on any device for an optimal shopping experience for buyers. Implementing a responsive design is vital to accommodate the increasing number of mobile shoppers and offer an excellent shopping experience. Engaging, meaningful content creation is among the top ways to attract and maintain customers. This could take the form of product descriptions, blogs, tutorials, or reviews from customers; top-notch material not only adds value to SEO efforts but can position your brand as a reliable authority within its industry. By developing engaging and relevant content, you have the opportunity to draw in and retain customers effectively while developing your brand’s image as a credible authority in your industry. Tips for Success with Shopify Achieving success on Shopify does not happen overnight; it takes strategic planning and consistent hard work. Here are a few strategies that may expedite your journey to success on Shopify. Pick a theme that best embodies your brand’s visual style and philosophy for optimal success. A online store that is visually appealing will likely retain visitors coming in, while more efficiently engaging visitors could convert them to customers. Thoughtfully evaluate which products you want to sell. They should be items you are passionate about that also have strong market demand. Furthermore, ensure your product descriptions are informative yet engaging for potential customers. Providing exceptional customer service is a cornerstone of success in e-commerce. Always be prepared to assist your customers, address their inquiries quickly, and provide the seamless shopping experience possible for them. Deploy an effective marketing strategy using SEO, social media, and email marketing techniques to reach more people and turn them into loyal customers. As with any platform, Shopify contains both pros and drawbacks to keep in mind when making a decision about it. Below are a few key benefits and cons: Intuitive User Interface: Shopify is well known for its user-friendly interface and simple design, making it an excellent option for beginners to e-commerce or those desiring a hassle-free experience. From adding products to order management, Shopify makes everything simple even without technical knowledge. Wide-ranging Features: Shopify provides an expansive suite of tools to efficiently run your online business, from inventory and SEO management tools, sales analytics and CRM platforms, customer relationship management tools, and CRM software – meaning it has virtually all of the resources you need to run an efficient online store. Selling on Multiple Channels: Shopify allows you to sell through various channels – not only your online store, but also social media, online marketplaces, and physical shops or pop-up shops – in order to connect with more of your potential customers and boost sales potential. This flexibility means reaching them at their preferred platforms! Dependable Customer Support: The platform provides 24/7 customer support via email, live chat, and phone if any issues arise. In addition, there’s an extensive Help Center as well as active community forums that offer further assistance. Flexibility to Scale: Shopify has the flexibility to scale with your business as your needs do. As your requirements evolve, upgrading to more advanced plans with greater features and capabilities keeps costs manageable at each stage. This means Shopify is cost-effective through every stage of your business growth. Transaction Fees: To the detriment of smaller businesses, Shopify charges additional transaction fees per sale on all sales not made through its payment gateway – Shopify Payments. This may diminish profits significantly and erode profit margins significantly. Limited customization: While Shopify provides numerous customization options, certain constraints such as HTML and CSS coding languages restrict what can be achieved when it comes to tweaking store design and functionality. Some users need additional flexibility for tailoring their store. Costs: Though Shopify’s pricing plans are fairly competitive, costs can quickly mount if you take into account premium themes, paid apps, and transaction fees (if you don’t utilize Shopify Payments). Users share invaluable insight into a platform’s performance through reviews. Shopify users have offered positive reviews that underscore its user-friendliness, wide array of features, and outstanding customer support – reiterating that Shopify meets all their e-commerce needs in one convenient package. Users’ reviews act as testimonials that reinforce Shopify’s reputation as a trusted and all-inclusive e-commerce solution. Curious About Shopify’s User-Friendliness? Absolutely! The platform’s user-friendly design is one of its standout features, making the platform user-friendly for individuals with little to no experience. From establishing an e-commerce store and handling stock and processing orders, every function on Shopify was designed for seamless user experience – the user interface being simple and intuitive with an organized dashboard for effective business administration. The platform provides an impressive array of professional themes designed to give your online store an eye-catching appearance. Not only are these visually appealing; they’re also responsive, meaning that they adjust automatically for different screen sizes across desktop computers, tablets, and smartphones for a optimal customer shopping experience on all devices. With the platform’s variety of pre-designed templates, you can easily establish an captivating and mobile-responsive e-commerce website that provides a smooth shopping experience to buyers regardless of the device they are using. Contrasting Shopify with Alternative Solutions Although Shopify is an outstanding e-commerce platform, it is important to evaluate it against other e-commerce solutions. Our analysis will take into account aspects like pricing, ease of use, features, and customer support – making sure we provide a comprehensive overview. No matter whether it be WooCommerce, Magento, or the BigCommerce platform – each has their own set of pros and drawbacks that should help inform your decision on which one is most suitable for the specific business goals and needs for you. Being aware of this will enable you to make an well-informed choice that fits your specific business requirements and goals. Head-to-Head: Shopify vs. Ecwid Both Shopify and the Ecwid platform offer e-commerce solutions, but each is designed to address different needs. The Shopify platform is an complete e-commerce platform designed for running entire online stores; offering inclusive tools for controlling products, sales, customers, and sales channels ranging from your own website through social media to marketplaces like eBay or Amazon. The Ecwid platform, on the other hand, is a versatile e-commerce solution that emphasizes integrating existing websites or social media platforms, allowing smooth online selling without having to create a full-fledged online store. Shopify Vs WooCommerce The WooCommerce plugin is a cost-free e-commerce plugin designed specifically for the WordPress websites, unlike Shopify which acts as a standalone platform. While offering features such as product management, shopping cart functionality, and payment options; its administration depends on you in terms of hosting security and optimization. WooCommerce provides versatility and control, enabling you to personalize and modify your online store based on your specific hosting requirements and preferences. Shopify vs. BigCommerce Both the Shopify platform and BigCommerce provide extensive e-commerce platforms, offering plenty of features for managing an e-commerce store. Both platforms share comparable functionalities when it comes to managing products, sales, SEO, and multichannel selling tools. Shopify and the BigCommerce platform deliver advanced features that enable effective inventory management, sales processing, SEO, and multichannel selling. Analyzing the Differences: Shopify vs Magento The Magento platform is an open-source e-commerce platform known for its flexibility and customization options, but also for being complicated to set up. While the Shopify platform provides user-friendly support that’s suitable for newcomers to e-commerce, the Magento platform requires significant technical knowledge (or the budget for professional developer assistance) in order to be effective. Magento offers extensive personalization options, enabling retailers to modify their e-commerce stores to their specific business needs. However, setting up and maintaining a Magento-based store may require advanced technical knowledge and experience in order to leverage its complete potential. Shopify, on the other hand, provides a user-friendly dashboard that streamlines the procedure of creating and running an online store, reducing the requirement for technical expertise. Closing Thoughts: Is Shopify the Right Option for You? As always, selecting an e-commerce platform depends upon your specific needs, goals, and resources. With this guide to the Shopify platform, we aim to offer an comprehensive knowledge of its capabilities and potential. No matter if you are just getting into online sales for the first time, or an established corporation aiming to broaden their digital footprint, the Shopify platform offers an remarkably trustworthy platform that can accommodate the unique requirements of each entrepreneur or corporation; only you can make the decision if this platform will most effectively support your unique journey. Questions and Answers Is Shopify beginner-friendly? Absolutely! Shopify has been designed with novice entrepreneurs in mind, making it an ideal platform for newcomers. Thanks to its easy-to-use user-interface and extensive support resources, creating your online store can be done even without previous experience with e-commerce platforms. Additionally, the platform provides knowledge base to help users navigate this new terrain. Using Shopify, you can quickly begin your internet-based business and gain insights as you progress. Can I use Shopify to sell services, or does it just focus on products? The Shopify platform makes selling physical products and services easy, whether physical products, digital downloads, or services – with features tailored specifically for each need. If selling services is your objective, use Shopify’s Service Products feature to create services without the need for shipping. With Shopify, you can smoothly administer and market a diverse array of goods and services according to your operational approach. Do only online stores utilize Shopify, or are there other types of businesses using it? No. Shopify is not only a leading platform for online stores; they also deliver solutions for selling in person – temporary storefronts, markets, and in-store sales are among their offerings. Their unified platform makes managing all sales and inventory effortless whether it happens online or offline. With Shopify, you can effortlessly combine your digital and in-person sales and effectively handle stock and sales throughout various sales channels through one platform. If I need help with setting up my Shopify store, what support choices do I have? Shopify provides 24/7 customer support via email, live chat, and phone. They also have an vast Help Center filled with guides, tutorials, and community forums where users can find responses to typical inquiries as well as acquire more knowledge into using the platform. Using Shopify, you can avail ongoing customer assistance to resolve any concerns or issues that may arise, making certain a seamless process while utilizing the platform’s features effectively. Am I able to customize and adjust my Shopify store? Yes! Shopify provides an array of customization options, from choosing your store theme to adding branding elements. If you possess programming knowledge, you may also delve further into its code for extended development. By utilizing Shopify, you have the freedom to tailor your online store’s look and branding, making sure it mirrors your individual style and meets your particular business requirements.

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Sometimes we can too quickly say “No” when we should take a moment to think about whether we can actually say “Yes”. This was one of those times for me. We had just gone live with a fairly big system move + upgrade – a suite of APEX applications shifted from one database instance running APEX 5 to another instance running version 19.1. The migration went smoothly. After the new instance was released to the business to do some final shakedown testing, they noticed one problem: “All our saved reports are gone.” Oops. We had built the new instance by simply importing each application from source control; since these scripts don’t include the Saved Report formats that users had customised in many of the Interactive Reports in prod, they didn’t get migrated to the new database. When they asked if we can transfer the saved reports across, I initially replied, “Sorry, we can’t” – thinking that redoing the migration from scratch with a full export from the old database, followed by re-doing all the app changes, was going to take too much time and effort. A minute later, I sent another email. “Hold that thought – there is a way.” I’d forgotten that my script for exporting the applications uses an APEX API with some parameters that until now I’d rarely used, but which would solve our problem. My script included this: After you have built an application with (a minimum of) custom code like this, it sometimes happens that the same user requirement crops up again elsewhere; whether on another page, another application, or another workspace. The first time you encounter this you will probably just do a “copy and paste” to replicate the custom code. When you encounter the requirement a third time, you should be asking yourself, “how can I make this code more re-usable” – because chances are one day you’ll need to fix a bug or make an enhancement to that code, and you’ll want it to be easy to deploy the change wherever it has been used. This is where an APEX plugin could be a suitable solution. This post is mostly based on a talk given in October 2019 at the Australian Oracle User Group conference in Perth, Western Australia. What is an APEX Plugin? An APEX Plugin is a Shared Component that can be used in any number of pages in the application. When used, it generates a Region, an Item, a Process, or a Dynamic Action; or, it may implement an Authentication or Authorization Scheme. It is a self-contained set of attributes, code, and (optionally) file attachments. It may be copied to another application, or exported as a SQL script for importing into an application in another workspace or another APEX instance. Where can I get started? In my opinion, a great way to get started learning about plugins is to examine a lot of plugins that others have created. The two sources I would recommend you look at are: Install the Sample Database Application – go into its Shared Components -> Plugins, and look at each of the plugins therein. Look through each attribute and examine the code; read the help for each attribute as well. Look at how the plugins are used in the application. Browse the plugins at apex.world, and install a few that seem interesting to you. When looking at these plugins, be aware that many of them have been created by people just like you and me – at differing levels of experience and skill; so they may or may not perfectly reflect “best practice”. This especially goes for the plugins published by yours truly :). In addition, depending on how long ago a plugin was written, it might be more complex than it needs to be, as it might not take advantage of recent enhancements to the APEX plugin API. Plugin Type – a plugin may be for a page Region, a page Item, a page Process or a Dynamic Action; or it may implement an Authentication Scheme or an Authorization Scheme. For example, if you create or install an Item Plugin, it will appear in the list of item types available for adding to a page. PL/SQL and Callbacks – if needed, you can embed PL/SQL code that APEX will call when rendering the plugin component or for other events such as handling an AJAX callback or validating an item. The Callbacks attributes allow you to specify the name of the function for APEX to call; these might be functions that you define within the PL/SQL Code section, or they can call functions in a database package you have defined. The functions you define must have the exact parameters and return types as documented in the help for each Callback attribute. Standard & Custom Attributes – some plugin types have Standard Attributes (defined by APEX), and can have additional Custom Attributes (defined by you). For example, a Region plugin has standard attributes that define whether it supports a Data Source or supports the CSS Classes attribute. If needed you can define up to 15 custom Application attributes. These would be set by the developer when they first install the plugin into their application, and their values apply to all usages of the plugin across their application. You can also define up to 25 custom Component attributes, which are set on each usage of the plugin separately. The developer will find these in the Attributes node. When you export the plugin, all the attached resources will be included in the SQL script. Plugin Events – if your plugin needs to allow your developers to add Dynamic Actions that respond to events raised by your plugin (e.g. to respond to user actions) you can define any number of custom Events here. I’ve written these instructions to get you started creating plugins. They assume you are already reasonably familiar with building simple applications in APEX, and are comfortable editing PL/SQL. An application I maintain needed a checklist feature added. I wanted to show a “Yes / No” switch for a list of checklist items. Initially, when the record is created, the checklist is populated with the questions along with a NULL for the response. I generated the switches in an ordinary Classic report using code like this: select r.name as risk_category (p_idx => 10 ,p_value => i.response ,p_on_value => 'Yes' ,p_on_label => 'Yes' ,p_off_value => 'No' ,p_off_label => 'No' ,p_item_id => 'RESPONSE_' || rownum ,p_item_label => i.risk_category_code || '-' || i.rci_fk ,p_attributes => 'data-risk="' || i.risk_category_code || '"' ||apex_item.hidden(p_idx => 11, p_value => i.rci_fk) from supplier_risk_checklist_items i join risk_categories r on r.code = i.risk_category_code where i.sri_fk = :P10_ID order by r.sort_order nulls last, i.sort_order nulls last, i.rci_fk The problem is that all the NULL responses are indistinguishable from the “No” responses. If the user clicks “Yes” or “No”, the response is saved correctly – but the user cannot tell which ones haven’t explicitly been answered yet. To find a solution for this issue I started by examining the HTML being generated for each question. I noticed that the input option for the “No” value was marked as “checked”, while the hidden input item had no “value” on it. These were the ones that needed fixing. In the page’s Execute When Page Loads, I search for all instances of responseSwitch where the hidden input item does not have a value attribute; in each case, I find the associated input item that shows “No” and unset the “checked” property: // workaround for generated switch items showing "No" when value is null // search for the hidden input items without a value (i.e. null on the database) var id = $(this).attr("id"); // these will have "checked" on the "No" option; remove it This makes it clear to the user which checklist items have been answered so far, and which ones haven’t. Note: the user is given no way to unset an answer once it has been saved; if this were a problem I would change this to use an ordinary Select list item instead of a Switch item. Otherwise reported as “WWV_FLOW_FORM_REGION.NO_PRIMARY_KEY_ITEM” or merely “Internal error”, this bug caused me to waste hours of investigation, twice, because a simple Google search was not returning any results. This post is merely to remedy that situation. On an APEX 19.1 page with a new Form region combined with an Interactive Grid region, when the user makes a change to a record and Submits the page, they get this error. In the past when I’ve needed to add half a dozen or more buttons to a page, I’ve sometimes encased them in a Collapsible region so that the user can slide them out of the way instead of clogging up the screen. Recently however I’ve started (sparingly) using a Menu Popup, as per this tutorial. The issue I have with this method, however, is that the menu items are defined in a shared component (a List) which means it’s not defined on a per-page basis. Some of the actions simply need to do a Submit on the page, which is simple enough: set the URL Target to something like: In other cases, the action needs to do something more specific to the page, e.g. show a region: Or the action might need to navigate to another page, passing parameters based on specific items on the page. This means the list, defined in Shared Components, now has hardcoded elements that are only useful for that one page; more to the point, they are defined outside of the page – I’d rather that everything specific to a page is defined within that page’s definition. The approach I’m using now is to use a custom trigger. Each list item has its URL Target set to something like: The third parameter is set to a unique code that the page can use to identify which menu option was chosen. This parameter will be passed to this.data in the custom trigger’s event handler. On the page, I have a Dynamic Action with the following attributes: Custom Event: menuAction The benefit of this approach is that this trigger becomes the jumping-off point for all such menu actions for this page. In theory I could re-use the same List on multiple pages (if the items in the list are generic enough) but have different behaviour occur for each menu item specific to each page. The only challenge with this approach might be if you needed some conditions on each menu item, e.g. so they are shown or hidden in specific circumstances. If the condition for a menu item references a particular page item the List will no longer be generic and re-usable. For this reason, I usually still use a separate List for each menu for each page. Perhaps in a future release of APEX we will gain the ability to define a List on a Page instead of in Shared Components. In the meantime, if you are interested in all the details on this method (including a solution for implementing a redirect to another page, or to open a modal page), refer to this tip. EDIT 22/8/2019:Thanks to Robert Gerstein who noticed an issue with this solution when using Internet Explorer. A workaround for this is to not call apex.event.trigger directly in the URL on the list item, but to call a function instead (refer to comments below). An item in the Universal Theme using the Optional – Floating template looks like this: An item using the Required – Floating template looks like this: In addition, if the item is required we would most probably set the Value Required attribute to Yes. What if the item is sometimes required but not always? How do we create a Conditionally Required field? Firstly, we would make sure there is a Validation on the field that checks that the value is provided if required. This way, regardless of what the form may or may not send to the database, it is validated appropriately. Secondly, to indicate to the user that the item is required or optional, based on the value of another item, we can use a Dynamic Action that sets the required item property (this triggers the client-side validation) and adds or removes the is-required class from the item’s container (this shows the little red “required” indicator on the page). For example, let’s say that whether item P1_COST_CENTRE is required or not is dependent on whether a hidden item, P1_COST_CENTRE_REQUIRED, has the value 'Y'. Create a Dynamic Action Selection Type: Item(s) Client-side Condition Type: Item = Value var item = $("#P1_COST_CENTRE"); var item = $("#P1_COST_CENTRE"); The above code works for all item templates (“Optional”, “Optional – Above”, “Optional – Floating”, etc.) in the Universal Theme; I’ve tested this on APEX 18.2 and 19.1. Note: this is custom code for the Universal Theme, so it may or may not work for other themes; and might stop working in a future revision of the theme. To use these plugins, select them as an Action to take on a Dynamic Action: EDIT 29/7/2019: modified to use a better method to find the container div. In other themes, the way that a required field is rendered is different. For example, in Theme 26 (Productivity Applications) the label for a required item is rendered in bold, along with a red asterisk; if the item is optional, no red asterisk is rendered. The way to make an item conditionally mandatory in this theme is: Set the item to use the Required template (so that the red asterisk is rendered). var itemLabel = $("label[for='P1_COST_CENTRE']"); To make the item required again: var itemLabel = $("label[for='P1_COST_CENTRE']"); The floating item type has an optional “Icon” property that allows you to render an icon next to the item, which can help users quickly identify what the item is for. This is especially helpful when the form has a lot of items. The icon attribute can be static, e.g. fa-hashtag, or it can be chosen based on the value of another item, e.g. &P1_FA_ICON.. If you want the icon to change dynamically as the user enters or modifies data, it’s a little bit more complicated. I have a list item based on a table of asset categories, and each asset category has an icon assigned to it. When the user selects an asset category from the list I want it to get the icon from the table and show it in the item straight away. The Execute PL/SQL Code action is a simple PL/SQL block which gets the icon from the reference table for the selected category code. Make sure the “Wait for Result” is “Yes”, and make sure the Items to Submit and Items to Return are set to P260_CATEGORY_CODE and P260_CATEGORY_FA_ICON, respectively. from asset_categories x where x.code = :P260_CATEGORY_CODE; On examining the source of the page, we see that the select item is immediately followed by a span which shows the icon: It’s a little gimmicky but it’s an easy way to delight users, and it might help them to quickly identify data entry mistakes. Refreshing any of our non-prod environments (e.g. dev, test, etc.) with a clone from production is a fairly regular process at my client. A recurring issue with this is emails: we’ve had occasion where users have received a second copy of an email immediately after the clone has completed. This was confusing because they thought the event that had triggered the email actually occurred twice. As it turns out, the duplicate emails were caused by the fact that the emails happened to be waiting in the APEX mail queue in production at the time of the export. After the export, the APEX mail queue was processed normally in production and the users received their emails as expected; after the clone was completed, the database jobs were restarted in the cloned environment which duly processed the emails sitting in the cloned queue and the users effectively got the same emails a second time. What’s worse, if the same export were to be used for multiple clones, the users might get the same emails again and again! A good way to solve this sort of issue would be to isolate the non-prod environments behind a specially configured mail server with a whitelist of people who want (and expect) to get emails from the non-prod systems. We don’t have this luxury at this client, however. Instead, we have a post_clone.sql script which is run by the DBAs immediately after creating the clone. They already stop all the jobs by setting job_queue_processes=0. In case the mail queue happens to have any emails waiting to be sent, the post clone script now includes the following step: *** WARNING: DO NOT RUN THIS IN PRODUCTION! *** for r in ( (p_security_group_id => apex_application_install.get_workspace_id); This script is run as SYS but it could also be run as SYSTEM or as APEX_nnnnnn, depending on your preference. ADDENDUM: Overriding the From Email Address Christian Neumüller commented that an additional technique that might be useful is to override the From (sender) email address to indicate which environment each email was sent from. To do this, run something like the following: 'apex-' || sys_context('userenv','db_name') || '@mydomain'); I’ve tested this in APEX 19.1 and it seems to work fine. Regardless of the p_from parameter that the code passes to apex_mail.send, the EMAIL_FROM_OVERRIDE email address is used instead. Note that this is currently undocumented, so this may stop working or change in a future release. The updated Universal Theme has added new “Floating” item templates which look great, e.g.: I had a list item which I wanted to leave optional; if the user leaves it null, I wanted it to show a “default” display value (derived at runtime). To implement this, I added a hidden item (P10_DEPTNO_DEFAULT) and on the list item set Null Display Value to &P10_DEPTNO_DEFAULT.. If the page is shown in read-only mode, however, the list item is rendered as a Display Item, and the Null Display Value attribute is ignored: To solve this, I added a Dynamic Action which injects the default value into the HTML for display (without affecting the value of the underlying item): Event: Page Load Server-side Condition: <page is readonly> AND :P10_DEPTNO IS NULL Fire on Initialization: No This finds the span for the display-only item and injects the default display value for display: It’s well known that after processing a page one often needs to add a Branch so the user is taken to another page, e.g. to start the next step in a process. It’s less common to need a Branch that is evaluated before the page is shown. This is a “Before Header” Branch and I use it when the user might open a page but need to be redirected to a different one. A good example is a page that is designed to direct the user to two or more different pages depending on what data they requested. Another way that a branch like this can be useful is where a user might navigate to a page that should show a record, but if the record ID is not set, I might want the page to automatically redirect the user back to a report page instead. Of course, you have to take some care with these sorts of branches; if the target page also has its own “Before Header” branch, that will also be evaluated; if the user ends up in a loop of branches the page will fail to load (with a “ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS” error). This is the order in which various steps are done before APEX shows a page: “Before Header” Branches “Before Header” Processes One of the implications of the above order is that any computations or processes that set or change application state (e.g. an application item) are not run before it evaluates conditions or attributes for any “Before Header” Branches. This applies regardless of whether the computations or processes are defined on the page, or defined globally in Shared Components. This little detail tripped me up today, because I had a branch that I needed to run based on a condition that relied on state that should have been set by a “Before Header” process defined globally. If you need to redirect a user to a different page on the basis of any application state that is set by a computation or process, you can use a PL/SQL Process instead that does the redirect. The PL/SQL code to use is something like:

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Impressive Whiskey Stones Gift Set with 2 Glasses - Be Different When Choosing a Gift - Luxury Handmade Box with 8 Granite Whisky Rocks & Velvet Bag - Ice Cubes Reusable - 'Best Man' Gift - 🍹ENJOY EVERY SINGLE SIP OF YOUR FAVORITE DRINK - With this impressive whisky rocks gift set every drink stays away from being diluted by ice in your new glasses. YOUR LAST SIP WILL ALWAYS BE AS PERFECT AS THE FIRST. - ✔️EASY TO STORE, NO MESS - Simple storage comes with a luxury handcrafted wooden box (not made cheap and light wood) and a free carrying velvet pouch with the logo embroidered. - This extraordinary wooden box of whisky stones set provides one more BENEFIT: It is such an awesome DECORATION in every home. If that´s not enough for you, if you purchase Chiliing Rocks by Amerigo, you´ll get FREE EBOOK - THE ART OF WHISKY as a SPECIAL BONUS ! - 🎁YOUR BEST GIFT IDEA EVER - Do you want to give a gift which will be unique and MEMORABLE for a life time and upgrade your gift to "Top-Shelf"? - These elegant whisky stones gift set by Amerigo will definitely make your present UNFORGETTABLE! - 🥃CRYSTAL WHISKY GLASSES - A nice crystal whiskey glass will help to enhance the enjoyment of drinking whisky, scotch, gin and other spirits. AMERIGO whisky stones and glasses gift set includes two whisky glasses, this original glass body helps to appreciate the color of liquor easier. - 👍CUSTOMER SERVICE GUARANTEES - 100% guarantee of money back or replacement due to defects in Amerigo whiskey stones and glasses gift set. Contact us and we will reply within 24 hours ASAP. We hope you discover and enjoy the fascination of whisky, or WOW your drink lover dad/husband/grandfather/best man/male friends by this exclusive chilling stones and glasses gift. If there are any questions you can always find us, we take customer satisfaction very seriously and always welcome your feedback. BenShot Rocks Glass with Real .308 Bullet - 11oz | Made in the USA - ✅ REAL .308 BULLET: We embed a real, lead-free .308 solid copper bullet into each glass we make. The bullets are lead-free and have no gunpowder. Glasses are completely safe for drinking - ✅ 11OZ WHISKEY GLASS: High quality, heavy glass holds a true 11oz pour (minus a few drops because of the bullet) - ✅ MADE IN THE USA: Our bullet whiskey glasses are individually handmade in our glass workshop in Wisconsin. All packaging and raw materials are made in the USA - ✅ GIFT-READY PACKAGING: Glasses come individually packaged in a sturdy, kraft board box ready for gifting on any occasion: Father’s Day, Christmas, birthdays, retirement, groomsmen, anniversaries, and more - ✅ BENSHOT GUARANTEE: We stand behind the quality and craftsmanship of our products. If you're not completely satisfied with your BenShot glass for any reason, let us know and we'll gladly refund or replace your order. Search Google for "BenShot" to see our reviews and learn more about how we give back to our community Paksh Capitol Glass Decanter with Airtight Geometric Stopper - Whiskey Decanter for Wine, Bourbon, Brandy, Liquor, Juice, Water, Mouthwash. Italian Glass | 23.75 oz - This beautiful glass 23.75oz whiskey container with glass stopper can store more than just wine, whiskey, brandy, and other libations; you can also use the glass carafe to sophisticatedly store fresh juices, water, mouthwash, and other thin liquids! - Our exquisite wine decanter features thick and luminous Italian-crafted glass along with a glass geometric stopper. The sturdy glass on the whisky decanter preserves your beverage's crisp, rich texture for a fresh taste every time. - Our bourbon decanter is designed with sloped sides for a controlled grip that makes holding it easy. The wine pourer also dawns a weighted base to keep it steady on tables and other flat surfaces. - The included large stopper on the port decanter is easy to grasp and remove and protects the contents in the bottle from evaporating. The glass stopper on the wine carafe features a plastic tip at the contact point for an air-tight fit. - Smooth sides make the water decanter ideal for adding an engraved monogram for personalization! Our glass bottle with stopper also makes a fantastic gift idea for festive occasions such as Christmas, holidays, bachelor parties, weddings, and housewarmings. Dimensions 10.5" x 5.5" x 3" Whiskey Decanter Globe Set with 2 Etched Whiskey Glasses - for Liquor Scotch Bourbon Vodka, Gifts For Men - 850ml - Hand blown elegant whiskey decanter dispenser featuring an etched globe design and antique ship in the bottle will undoubtedly enhance your drinking experience while making a bold impression - Patented set includes whisky decanter with 2 matching globe design old fashioned whiskey glasses fitted onto stained wood tray. Gold stopper adds a touch of class while keeping your spirits sealed. Note: This product is hand stained and the color of the wood you receive may vary from dark brown to black. - Lead free decanter capacity: 850ml - Cocktail glass: 300ml - Great gift and conversation piece at any party. Can also be used to serve water, juice, iced tea and other beverages. - Since 1973 Godinger has specialized in handcrafted silver, pewter, crystal, stainless, and alternative metal giftware. From wedding gifts, candlesticks, barware, bakeware, tea sets and frames, you are sure to find the perfect item for any special occasion. Godinger products are available at all major retailers across the US and Canada Jillmo Whiskey Decanter Set, 1250ml Whiskey Decanter with 2 Whiskey Glasses - 🥃Handmade Lead-Free Crystal Glass Decanter: Jillmo’s whiskey decanter is made from 100% safe lead-free crystal glass, you can use it safely and longer. The top glass stopper protects your liquor from evaporating or changing the taste. 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If you are not satisfied, we offer full refund. Jillmo’s decanter set is an absolute must-have for any gentleman who loves whiskey or any other well-made spirit Whiskey Stones Gift Set for Men & Women -4 XL Stainless Steel Whisky Ice Balls, Special Tongs & Freezer Pouch in Luxury Gift Box. Best Man Gift for Whiskey Lovers! - ✅ WHO SAID SIZE DOES NOT MATTER? When it comes to your whiskey chilling, only EXTRA large Whiskey Balls are good enough! A few more inches make ALL the difference, as these full 2.2" (55mm) Stainless Steel whiskey rocks chill your whiskey FASTER! 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After all, your purchase is covered under our 100% Satisfaction Guarantee.MONEY BACK – Not entirely thrilled with your Whiskey Set. VEVOR Alcohol Still 9.6Gal/ 38L Stainless Steel Water Alcohol Distiller Copper Tub Home Brewing Kit Build-in Thermometer for DIY Whisky Wine Brandy, Silver - Sufficient Capacity: Alcohol still machine owns 9. 6 us gal real capacity, able to distill 38 liters of raw material by heating to selectively boil and then cooling to condense the vapor. Boiler barrel: 13. 8" X 15. 7" (35 x 40 cm). condenser: 7. 9" X 5" (20 x 13 cm). thumper: 7" X 4. 3" (18 x 11 cm). all parts are made of food grade material including silicone, stainless steel and copper. - Speedy Cooling: This water Distiller adopts open-type cooling method, copper coils with rapid thermal conductivity assures promising cooling performance together with large contact area with the coolant, providing a rather low temperature of distilled product. 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Best present for any occasion or for that special someone in your life - UNIQUE DECORATIVE PACKAGING Gourmet Tea Gift Sets combine enhancing flavors with a unique design. The distinctive cube packaging that holds a mesh Premium Tea Assortment sachet that is bursting with the bold taste of whole leaf tea, fine herbs, and spices. Found at boutique hotels and fine dining restaurants worldwide, Cérémonie Teabags Gift boxes are lauded for their luxury and attention to design. - A TRUSTED TEA VARIETY PACK - No other beverage is as tied to ritual as tea. Since 2003, Cérémonie has specialized in the highest quality whole leaf teas. Premium Tea Assortment tea are the perfect gift for mother’s birthday, friends, colleagues and many more - ENJOY EVERY SIP OF MINI TEA CUBE -Treat yourself to a special experience each day by opening a Tea Gift Box with a burst of 2 packs of each flavor or a smooth sophisticated flavor. Choose the one that suits your mood and enjoy this assortment! InfuSio Gourmet Ground Coffee, (64oz) Variety Pack, Eight 8oz Bags (Pack of 8) - 4lbs Total - (French Roast/Colombian/City Roast/Costa Rica) With Flavored Blends (Pecan/Chicory/Vanilla/Creme Brulee) - 8 Different Blends and Flavors for a total of 4lbs of delicious coffee! - Including: City Roast/Colombian Supremo/Costa Rica Blend/French Roast/Chicory/Vanilla Creme/Texas Pecan/Creme Brulee! - Freshly roasted and ground so you do not get stale coffee! - Flavor locked and sealed to keep the coffee fresh - From the same roaster as Amazon's Best Seller ranked K-Cups! Mixology Bartender Kit - 8-Piece Silver Cocktail Shaker Set with Pine Wood Stand, Recipe Cards, and Bar Accessories Ideas - Complete Cocktail Shaker Set - Make delicious drinks at home with this comprehensive kit, including a double-sided jigger, hawthorne strainer, bottle opener, mixing spoon, ice tongs, and recipe cards. - Stylish Wooden Stand - Keep your bar tools organized and easily accessible with the elegant wooden stand, adding a touch of sophistication to your home bar. - High-Quality Materials - Crafted from durable stainless steel, this cocktail shaker set is built to last and can be conveniently cleaned in the dishwasher. - Perfect for Parties and Holidays - Impress your guests at holiday parties or give a memorable Christmas present with this versatile cocktail making kit. - Ideal Bartender Gift - Whether you're a seasoned mixologist or a beginner, this barware tool set provides everything you need to create your favorite cocktails at home. Dragon Glassware Cocktail Glasses, Insulating Double Walled Mixing Glasses, 8-Ounce, Set of 2 - MIXED COCKTAIL GLASS SET: An elegant and unique shape made for chilling drinks, these glasses hold 8 oz. each making them ideal for cocktails, whiskey, scotch, wine and liquor. - COLDER AND FRESHER COCKTAILS: The double-walled insulated design helps retain cold drink temperatures to keep your drinks more enjoyable, crisp, and delicious. - THE PERFECT GIFT: Makes a wonderful choice for cocktail and mixed drink lovers and comes in ready-to-present luxury gift packaging. - PROFESSIONAL QUALITY: Crystal clear, lead-free, high quality glass that is refrigerator and freezer safe. Suitable for daily use and cleans easily. - COMMITTED TO EXCELLENCE: Dragon Glassware is committed to your trust and satisfaction. Your purchase comes with legendary customer service, a 1-year limited warranty, and a money-back guarantee. I'm so excited to prepare so many #recipes of #drinks, #cocktails, #Moonshine, #food - I'm ready to get down to work! #Moonshinerecipe Moonshine recipes, cocktail recipes, infusions, distilling, beer and wine brewing, cooking, menu, food, cocktail and more

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One Elmwood is the location for the new £41.8 million student centre at Queen’s University Belfast. The four-storey, 11,000m2 hub was designed by studios Hawkins/Brown and RPP Architects and sits at the centre of the University’s campus. As well as housing the student’s union, support services and non-faculty services, the unique space has also been designed with the local community in mind. Users can benefit from office and co-working areas, event spaces as well as various lounges and bars situated around the building. Design & Manufacturing Excellence Externally, Hawkins/Brown designed the façade to mirror the opposite buildings which include Whitla, The Lanyon and Elmwood Hall, bringing the old and new together. This complex design was difficult to achieve so with an outstanding track record for manufacturing excellence, Spanwall was brought on to the project. This was an extremely difficult profile requiring a bespoke solution. Using advanced digital technology, Spanwall created a sinusoidal system which is a corrugated profile in zinc. State-of-the-art machinery enabled Spanwall to manufacturer the system with precise circular perforations. The product was presented in an anodised state, which gives the façade its reflective surface. As the light hits the façade, this creates colour. This was a large-scale, complex project which needed a bespoke solution. Spanwall worked collaboratively with the design team to create a façade system that is the very best in form and function. Dublin Landings is a 1,000,000 sq. ft mixed-use development on North Wall Quay, Dublin. Jointly developed by Ballymore Properties and Oxley Holdings with the site masterplan by Arrow Architects. Dublin Landings includes Grade A flexible office and retail space alongside 237 apartments. Spanwall worked with our long-established customer Gunn Lennon Fabrications to deliver several custom aluminium fabrications from rainscreen panels to pressing. The main element was manufactured from J57S UP Aluminium and then Anodised. Dublin Landings encompasses the very recognisable Central Bank of Ireland office with its striking gold perforated facades, elements of which Spanwall manufactured. The project was completed in 2019. When Newry, Mourne and Down District Council undertook to upgrade the Downpatrick Leisure Centre they engaged Kennedy Fitzgerald Architects and local main contractors Felix O’Hare. Roofscape was the Specialist Facade Contractor appointed to carry out the installation of the specified Spanwall RF50-FR Hook-on Rainscreen system to the facia and soffit of the complex. The soffit panels were perforated to accommodate lighting. The RF50-FR rainscreen panels were manufactured from J57S UP Aluminium and post anodised Anolok® 543 (Bronze). The project was completed in 2018. This multi-award-winning project that includes the Education Project of the Year in the Irish Construction Industry Awards 2017 and the Retrofitting / Renovation Project of the Year at the Irish Building & Design Awards 2017 was designed by renowned Belfast Architectural practise TODD Architects. The MST & PFC (Main Site Tower and Peter Frogatt Centre) at Queens city centre campus, links and transforms the interiors of two outdated 1960’s university buildings, into a contemporary teaching and learning environment – where the challenge of knitting together of old and new. Externally the facades were refaced in a restricted palette of materials – red clay brickwork, glazed screens, and Spanwall RF50-FR panel system was supplied in Anodic Bronze and Zinc PPC. The complex is naturally ventilated, as part of a low energy design strategy, achieving a BREEAM ‘Excellent’ rating, with each facade “engineered” through analysis by way of a thermal model. The exposed existing concrete slab (retaining embedded carbon) assists in heating in winter and cooling in summer. The main contractor was Felix O’Hare, and the Specialist Facade Contractor was Gunn Lennon Fabrications and Roofscape. The building was occupied in September 2016. As part of a larger £36M renovation and upgrading project of the Vauxhall underground station by Bectel for Transport for London (TfL), Spanwall Facades Ltd worked with the then local company McGrath Group to manufacture and supply our SF40-FR Discreet fix cladding panels in 1.5mm Polyester Coated steel. Swanton House, Student Accommodation, Queen St, Belfast operated by Student Roost is a purpose built 13-floor 247 bedroom and 93 self-contained studio apartments complex in the centre of Belfast. The original Victorian street level structure was maintained and renovated with new floors added and Manson Architects + Planners then added the curved tower which is clad in a mix of glass and Spanwall RF50-FR rainscreen panels. Spanwall custom facetted the panels at our Carryduff factory from pre-coated 1.5mm textured Rimex ColourTex® Bronze Pagoda Stainless Steel for Lisburn based specialist facade contractor Walsin Ltd. The Spanwall RF50-FR panels consist of a mix of vertical and horizontal hooked-on panels in various modules. The main contractor was Felix O’Hare & Co Ltd, and the project was completed in 2018. Spanwall fully perforated 3mm J57S UP Aluminium flat sheeting to the agreed circular diameter patten using a Cluster tool on our CNC Finn-Power Laser Punching combination machine. The custom Sinusoidal profile was formed using tooling with a radius nose, making sure that the holes aligned with the crowns and the valleys of the sheet. Once fully fabricated the panels were then natural anodised. The building was wrapped using the sheeting and due to the perforations, the building when viewed, revealed the black liner behind the sheets to create a veiled effect. The Spanwall system was installed in 2018 by principle and specialist contractor in building envelopes and facades – Clear Line. Ireland first Aloft Hotel (Marriott International) in the heart of Dublin Liberties opened its doors in December 2018. The Project Team included BAM, Plus Architecture and Linesight. The contemporary facade treatment consists of glazing and Aluminium rainscreen panels. The choice of rainscreen was Spanwall RF50-FR, a 50mm deep Fire Rated and CWCT tested hook-on cassette panel system. A contrasting palette of corporate Du Pont Greys (RAL7042/7043) and Orange (RAL2009) was used resulted in a striking urban Facade that embodies the brand philosophy “different by design” that injects personality and colour into this Dublin 8 area which is designated a Strategic Development & Regeneration Area. The RF50-FR system was installed by Season Master Double Glazing Ltd. Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI) Dublin is a multi-award-winning training facility in the centre of Dublin just off St. Stephen’s Green boasting the most advanced clinical healthcare simulation centre in Europe. Designed by Henry J. Lyons, Spanwall custom fabricated a Perforated Hook-on 3mm J57S UP Aluminium panel solution that was Anodised Pale Bronze – the installation was carried out by Duggan Systems for the main contract Bennett Construction. In 2018 the RCSI was voted Ireland's favourite building at the RIAI Irish Architecture Awards. In 2017 MSM Contracts completed a major extension and refurbishment of the outpatient facilities at the UIC Strandmillis Rd. campus. The Architect was Turkington Magowan Partnership. This project required two different colours of RF50-FR design. The flat elevations had landscape orientation and were polyester powder coated with a metallic silver finish. The other part, a rotunda required a curved elevation. Albeit possible to curve our RF50-FR cassette panels in a horizontal orientation, a combination of narrow vertical floor-to-floor panels allowed faceting which when viewed produced an illusion of a smooth curve, the contrasting dark grey colour contributed to this. The Spanwall RF50-FR Rainscreen cladding system was installed by Roofscape. Designed by Scott Brownrigg Architects, Vista at Chelsea Bridge, Battersea, London is a large luxury apartment complex for Berkeley Homes with a unique stepping stone design almost Ocean Liner-esque. The complex is a powerful new architectural statement to the London skyline. Ranging from 6 – 16 storeys, elements of the external facade are clad in high quality materials including natural stone, zinc, and glass. For the elevations fronting the railway, the architect choose Spanwall RF50 Hook-on cassette panels manufactured from VM Zinc in a Pigmento Red which according to the project Architect, provided a more “solid defensive treatment” The specialist facade contractor was Dublin based Architectural Aluminium Ltd who installed the Spanwall system. The £50m Cambridge North Train Station was part of Network Rail’s £40bn Railway Upgrade Plan. The plan was to provide interchange facilities between the five main modes of transport (rail, bus, cycle, walking and car). The 450m² station, includes passenger waiting facilities, toilets, a staffed ticket office, retail space as well as rail staff accommodation and facilities. Externally there are three platforms, a parking area for 1000 bicycles as well as 450 cars. The station also benefits from solar panels that provide up to 10% of the station’s power requirements. A key design feature of the new station was a perforated pattern in its rainscreen cladding. Contractors Kilnbridge engaged Spanwall to create this complex design brief. The perforated rainscreen cladding represents Rule 30, an elementary cellular automation introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983. The Rule 30 theory was inspired by the Game of Life, the famous mathematical model created by former Cambridge University professor John Conway in 1970. Designed by Atkins, the perforations within the cladding were intended to provide passive security and ventilation to glazed areas around the concourse as well as views across the site. Spanwall were chosen due to their advanced knowledge, technical skills, and outstanding track record in delivering bespoke, complex cladding solutions. Spanwall worked closely with Kilnbridge to engineer its RF50-FR rainscreen system. This has evolved over 50-years of manufacturing to meet the demands created by Architects, Specifiers, Contractors and building owners for a precision-made, Fire Rated and independently tested back ventilated Rainscreen facade system. Spanwall manufactured the perforated aluminium cladding system in a polyester powder coated metallic silver. A key challenge for the project was the bespoke design requirements which required the system to be highly perforated. Spanwall manufactured the facade panels at their state-of-the-art factory in Northern Ireland, using innovative technology that enabled them to create the complex design requirement for the project. One of the facade systems would act as the main footbridge, connecting the ticket office with the platforms. This was installed in two sections and lifted into position during a short window throughout the night. This was a complex project with exacting design requirements and is a true example of the manufacturing ingenuity at Spanwall. “Spanwall’s RF50-FR rain screen system is a high-quality, well-designed product that is the very best of form and function. This was a complex project which required the creation of a perforated panel. Having worked with Spanwall before we were confident of their ability to deliver this project and bring Atkin’s vision to life.” In the shadow of The Shard a new 400-metre steel viaduct incorporating a 70-metre railway bridge was installed by Skanska in 2012 for Network Rail to ease train congestion and increase the flow of trains through nearby London Bridge station. This was a very challenging project that utilised Spanwall RF50-FR panel in 1.2mm VM Zinc quartz. These panels were folded and then using a method designed by Spanwall, curved over their height to create a smooth convex panel. Once these panels were curved, they were then treated with an anti-graffiti layer to achieve a uniform protective coating. The installation was carried out by Cambridge based Delta Fabrications and when completed it has provided a striking organic look. Part of UU’s York St. Belfast city centre Campus, the Birley Building Blocks BA and BB were completed in 2016 to house the University’s School of Art. Spanwall manufactured narrow floor-to-floor perforated naturally anodised aluminium panels that integrated seamlessly with the large, fixed windows. The installation was carried out by a subsidiary of McLaughlin & Harvey. Completed in 2015 and with 16,000 pedestrians and cyclists using the 120-metre Lagan weir footbridge each week, it is a pivotal part of a more sustainable approach to travelling around Belfast Waterfront area. Spanwall were pleased to be part of the project delivery team that consisted of AECOM, Graham and Roofscape. While very challenging the result was very rewarding. The underdeck cladding consisted of two of Spanwall’s core products the Hook-On RF50-FR and Discreet fixed SF40-FR panels. Part of this project required the RF50-FR panels to incorporate a curved aerofoil to displace and buffer the prevailing winds from the pedestrian deck. Building Information Modelling was required not only to accommodate two different radii at each edge but also the 1:20 curved elevation along the length of this iconic bridge. Each panel was custom fabricated to fit in its precise location on the bridge deck. The panels are 3mm aluminium and were polyester powder coated silver metallic to a marine grade because of the location over the river Lagan. Moving from their iconic Dame St. head office, the new Central Bank of Ireland building on the cities North Quays was a logical location in the heart of Dublin’s Financial district. Henry J Lyons was commissioned to reimagine the defunct concrete structure of the former Anglo-Irish Bank headquarters in Dublin Docklands and oversee the delivery of the new Central Bank of Ireland headquarters and create an iconic landmark emblematic of its strategic national function. At approximately 28,000m2, this imposing 8 storeys building perched on the quayside of the river Liffey is clad in curtain wall glazing with a veil that consists of gold anodised perforated Aluminium panels, the solid elements and some of the perforated panels that provides both design and solar shading were manufactured by Spanwall. Designed by Henry J. Lyons Architect and build by Walls Construction the facade was installed by Architectural Aluminium. Over 1,000m2 of our hook-on cassette RF50-FR rainscreen was selected to reflect the crisp clean lines of the building that was achieved by routing then folding. The choice of colour selected was a matt black to capture the world-renowned brand image. Following on from the successful completion of the first phase, Spanwall again were engaged with supplying specialist Dublin based glazing and cladding installers, BRFS. As always Spanwall are thrilled to have been chosen to supply another iconic brand at this very famous Dublin landmark. Hackney Marshes is best known as the London home of amateur Sunday League football. Designed by architects Stanton Williams, the new ‘Community Hub’ at the South Marsh, comprising new changing rooms, a cafe, and an education facility, which was completed in 2011 at a cost of £5 million by John Sisk & Sons. Materials have been chosen for robustness and for their ability to blend into the structure’s surroundings. Gabion walls provide a vandal-resistant envelope and function as a framework for climbing plants, creating a ‘green wall’. COR-TEN® weathered steel offering a rich texture is used for cladding which includes perforated panels, shutters, and louvres, all supplied by Spanwall. The nature of weathered steel changes in colour over time, it emphasises the combination of nature and artifice that permeates the scheme. The Hackney Marshes Centre is another multi-award-winning project Spanwall are proud to have supplied. Addenbrooke’s Hospital Car Park – Cambridge Biomedical Campus The building is wrapped with a screen of continuous, twisted 5mm aluminium ribbons, that are silver anodized and subsequently polyester powder coated on one face in bright yellow. The effect is a woven basket-like structure on which light plays and models the texture of the façade. This surface provides weather protection and screening to the interior of the car park, while allowing glimpses of the surrounding countryside. Produced from 5mm 5000 Series Aluminium Spanwall manufactured these 4620mm long helix ribbons on our bespoke “Twister” that allow fabrication of up to 10mm Aluminium turned through 180° This prestigious project was recognised at the 2015 cutting-edge RIBA Regional Awards. The GPO Museum is a permanent visitor attraction located within the historic GPO (General Post Office) building on O’Connell Street, Dublin. The experience is one of the newest Dublin Museums and it is one of the top attractions to explore. GPO Witness History has won numerous awards including the Micheletti Award at the European Museum Academy Awards (2017) and Best Cultural Experience at the Irish Tourism Industry Awards - over 100,000 people (2017). This listed building was to house a museum which would tell the history through the years. Designed by Kavanagh Tuite Architect and delivered by main contractors PJ Hegarty, Spanwall RF50-FR panels were produced with a reduced 10mm shadow gap rather than the standard 20mm from J57S UP and then bronze anodised to complement the cleaned and repaired Eastern Courtyard brick façade which incorporated the very old with the modern to create a seamless visual impression for the visitors. The Spanwall RF50-FR panels were installed by Lynch Roofing Systems (Ballaghaderreen) Ltd For this re-clad project of the existing 1960s built red brick tower block the Architect, ARCEN selected Spanwall RF50-FR system with a choice of coloured glass and aluminium panels. The Dungannon hospital design team selected a specific type of Pearlescent paint to enhance this building and bring the total appearance of the hospital up to a very modern style. Vertical 90° factory fabricated floor-to-floor panels are used on the corners that align modularly with the horizontal panels resulting in clean geometric lines. Also featured is a 150mm deep cassette panel custom made to negate the need for separate window jambs. The Spanwall system was installed by Enniskillen based Roofscape for main contractor Brendan Loughran & Sons Ltd. Designed by Coady Partnership the 8,000m2 EOLAS Building ICT Hub at the National University of Ireland Maynooth campus provides state of the art Information Communication Technology facilities for undergraduate, post-graduate, research, and business users. Opened in 2015 the building is clad in a Spanwall RF50 aluminium rainscreen system that provides a deep Veil made-up of multiple panel shapes and modules that include folded corners and soffit returns. The perforations replicate the panel shape being a mixture of square and rectangular. The installation was carried out by Gunn Lennon Fabrications and the Facade Consultants was Billings Design Associates. The main Contractor was Tracey Brothers. The EOLAS building won an award for the Best Educational building 2016. The Titanic Visitors Centre in the heart of our home city of Belfast is arguably the most iconic project to feature and showcase Spanwall’s expertise in sheet metal fabrication. In 2012 costing £100 million, the Museum which is the largest man-made tourist attraction in Northern Ireland and part of the ongoing £7bn Titanic Quarter development for Harcourt Development opened its doors, 100-years after the ill-fated steamship left Cobh for New York. From a distance the 3- dimensional rainscreen panels manufactured from almost 120 tonnes of 3mm J57S Aluminium look to be two-tone coloured but were all anodised in natural silver and covers the four-pointed 28-metre-tall hulls of this maritime museum. With approximately 2,000 different panels this was a challenging project. Spanwall worked closely with Belfast-based TODD Architects at the early concept design stage and were able to simplify the panel design and layout to create 6 standard geometrical shaped aluminium panels and one, very special one-off, panel for all the elevations. Spanwall was also able to incorporate it’s RF50 Rainscreen carrier system into the design for the installation. Most panel measure 4-metres on the diagonal. Spanwall achieved the original concept and vision for the irregular panel facade while keeping the costs for the geometrically complex shapes within the project budget. Installation was carried out by German specialist building envelope contractor Metallbau-Frueh. Spanwall also worked on the interior where custom-rusted steel sheets were used for walls and ceilings, with the undulating system of steel plates having a patina in keeping with the site’s ship-building heritage. The building secured its own record with more than 4 million visitors to date from all over the world. Part of the Carton Park Shopping Centre this was the first Tesco Format 80 Supermarket on stilts constructed in Ireland. The €45M project was delivered by Precision Construction. The choice to facade treatment was Spanwall RF50 with a 1.5mm stainless steel finish. Tesco had been using traditional handset stone/ceramic granite facade system but to reduce the weight on the Format 80 building selected the much lighter 1.5mm Stainless Steel rainscreen panel system from Spanwall. The stepped-out areas retained the traditional handset granite cladding providing a contrast between materials and colour. To mimic the granite facade the Spanwall panels were produced in various modules and installed in a staggered pattern to all the elevations. The pop-out windows add a final splash of colour to the building. The Spanwall RF50 panel system was installed by PJ Quinn Limited. Behind the Façade: Spanwall delivers bespoke rainscreen system for Royal College of Surgeons Ireland 26 York Street is part of the Royal College of Surgeons Ireland (RCSI) city centre campus and is one of the most advanced clinical healthcare simulation centres in Europe. Designed by Architects Henry J. Lyons, 26 York Street was voted Ireland’s favourite building at the RIAI Irish Architecture Awards. Spanning across 10 floors, the centre is focused entirely on health sciences and has multiple learning, study, and recreational environments. Overlooking the original building where RCSI has been since 1810, 26 York Street is a groundbreaking scheme and one that puts Ireland at the global forefront of healthcare education. The €80m revolutionary building is home to Europe’s most advanced clinical simulation suite – a 12,000sq. ft multi-disciplinary National Surgical & Clinical Skills Centre – the first of its kind outside the United States – granting its students access to specialist training previously unavailable in Ireland. Project in Focus Spanwall was brought onto the project by Duggan Systems, due to its reputation for delivering high-quality façade systems. Scope of the design works included a highly perforated rainscreen system. To achieve this desired effect a significant amount of material needed to be removed from the metal sheet which risked reducing its stability. Spanwall’s expertise in creating innovative solutions to complex problems made them the number one choice for this challenging project. To strengthen the rainscreen facade without impacting its aesthetics, Spanwall engineered an innovative stepped panel which was inserted behind the hook-on system. This was designed, manufactured, and assembled in Spanwall’s state-of-the-art factory in Northern Ireland and delivered to site as one complete unit – massively reducing installation time. Victoria Gate was a £165 million scheme that forms part of the new 53,400m2 Victoria Leeds shopping destination, creating the largest premium retail space in Northern England. Designed by architects Acme, the development is a striking nod to the city’s rich merchandising and textile history and was voted the best shopping centre in the world. Design Criteria Acme had a complex design brief for the adjoining car park at Victoria Gate. The façade was designed to mirror the unique diagrid etched concrete of the centre. With an outstanding track record, Spanwall was appointed by Maple to help deliver the façade element for contractors Sir Robert McAlpine. A key feature was the creation of a bespoke solution to ensure the facade would perfectly replicate the centre, seamlessly blending into the building. Spanwall designed a twisted fin façade that would bring the architect’s vision to life – however the biggest challenge was that the technology to create these fins did not exist. Manufacturing excellence Spanwall manufactured a machine at their state-of-the-art factory in Carryduff, Northern Ireland, that enabled them to twist the aluminium panels into a series of partial twists, creating a stunning architectural façade made up of a series of fins twisted at various angles to give the appearance of diamonds. The result was a highly engineered product that was truly fit for purpose and the very best in both form and function. The product was presented in a natural anodised state, which gives the façade a reflective surface. As the light hits the façade, this creates colour. This was a large-scale complex project and as construction took place within a live site, planning, logistics and liaison were crucial to ensure the fins were ready for handover. This award-winning product has received critical acclaim and is a true example of the manufacturing abilities at Spanwall.

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For Racing Glory, Students Built a Mountain-Busting Electric Motorcycle Ohio State engineers optimized their bike for one thing: to climb Pikes Peak faster than any other bike, electric or gasoline powered An hour before the qualifying round is no time to blow out the power inverter in your electric racing motorcycle. It’s a Friday morning in June and easily the worst day of the year for a score of engineering students from Ohio State University, in Columbus. Months of painstaking labor have gone into their all-electric cycle, the Buckeye Current RW-3, to handle one race and one race only: the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb, a motorsports race up Colorado’s iconic mountain. It towers in the near distance; the students are at rock bottom. In the past week, they’ve overcome adversities that include a burned-out noise maker (to alert pedestrians to the cycle’s silent approach), a wobbly seat, a cooling-system snafu, and a run-in or three with the powers that be. And now, a dead power inverter. And yet, if panic is breaking out, there’s no sign of it. “This, too, is fun,” insists team leader Aaron Bonnell-Kangas, speaking somewhat less animatedly than he usually does. Punching numbers on his smartphone, he tries to raise somebody—anybody—at Tritium, maker of the inverter, which turns a battery’s direct current into the alternating kind that the motor requires. Alas, it’s the wee hours of a Saturday morning at Tritium’s headquarters, outside Brisbane, Australia. So everyone jumps. Off comes the bike’s seat, out come its electronic guts, on go the probes of the circuit testers. But the inverter’s troubles remain obscure. This isn’t a mechanical quirk in your father’s Ducati; this is a bug hiding somewhere among scores of chips and thousands of lines of code. “It’s talking to us, but it’s not sending a signal to the motor,” says Polina Brodsky, a mechanical engineering student. “The computer is booting up, but it’s not doing anything.” With just minutes left before the qualifying round is set to begin, Rob “The Bullet” Barber, the team’s pro driver, improvises a plan B. He hops onto a motorcycle belonging to one of the students—a gasoline-powered Kawasaki—and makes for the starting line. “Hope they [the race officials] count it, but it isn’t the team’s bike,” he frets. The officials do count the bike. So now, all the team has to do is repair the inverter on the RW-3, run tests on a local track, charge each of the bike’s 938 A123 lithium-ion cells to capacity, roll the bike to the base of the mountain, and run the race. They’ve got 40 hours. Student project though it is, the Buckeye Current is regarded as a serious contender. The team has gone far to optimize the bike to put out crazy levels of power, something it has to do for only the 10 minutes it should take to round the course’s 156 hairpin turns while skirting a skid into an abyss. Power is everything; energy storage, nothing. If the bike’s batteries die at the summit, the students will happily walk it down. Sheer performance is no mere ornamental attribute but rather the heart of the surging appeal of the electric vehicle—the feature that shattered the golf-cart image. From zero to fabulous in 3 seconds, promises the dual-motor Ludicrous Speed mode in the Tesla Model S P90D. And, like the Buckeye Current, the Tesla does it all without a gearbox. “This motorcycle is our idea of the perfect bike: powerful and nimble,” says Bonnell-Kangas, a grad student in electrical engineering. “We want to go up Pikes Peak ahead of the gasoline bike. We want to be the best.” The race plays to the strengths of an electric drivetrain. First, an electric power plant offers instant-on torque, and that comes in handy on the course’s many switchbacks. Each one of them becomes a sort of mini drag race. Second, the EV will be indifferent to the thinning of the air as it makes its circuitous ascent—a rise of 1.4 kilometers (0.9 mile) over the 20-km course. Why not use a compressor to load—or “supercharge”—the combustion chambers? “It’s hard to tune a supercharger because the air is so different at the base and the summit,” Brodsky explains. This year’s iteration of the bike, the RW-3, uses the same frame as last year’s—a Honda sport model but minus the gearbox, engine, and fuel tank. In their place are the green mass of thumb-size batteries that cluster under the seat, all the way to the bottom. They weigh 80 kilograms (176 pounds), hold 7.7 kilowatt-hours—a quarter the capacity of the Nissan Leaf and about a tenth that of the Tesla Model S—and feed current through the Tritium inverter to an Enstroj Emrax motor, a 40-kilogram whirlwind rated at 100 kilowatts (134 horsepower). And the current comes with a lot of waste heat. “There are two cooling loops for the motor and the inverter, each with its own radiator and pump—each part optimizes at different temperatures,” Bonnell-Kangas says. “A gas bike’s more efficient to cool because when you’re hotter, it’s easier to purge heat out,” typically through metal fins surrounding the cylinder chambers. “That’s why we need water cooling.” The heat problems had actually started a couple of days earlier. After a time trial, Barber told the team that the engine had gotten a little hot. But the students couldn’t get the temperature data because the sensor, a thermistor, had been out of commission for some time. “It was down on our list of bugs, and other things were more important,” says Bonnell-Kangas, ruefully. And putting sensors everywhere can increase the burden, adding more things that can go wrong. There are pressure gauges in the tires, flow gauges in the coolant pipes, voltmeters everywhere, all sending data to a central processor between test runs. That way, the team can fix glitches on the fly, a skill that comes in handy in a competition. “We put a lot of effort into designing these electronic systems” to analyze data, says Sean Harrington, a team leader and an electrical engineering major. “We design with debugging in mind.” He who errs last, loses. Here, in design methodology, trial and error is as important as theory, if not more so—a lesson you might not find in the standard engineering curriculum. How much effort does this extracurricular activity consume? In some cases, more time than the coursework. Aaronn Sergent, a mechanical engineering major, confesses to me that he puts in just 20 or 30 hours a week on the bike project. He’s almost apologetic as he tells me this outside Uncle Sam’s Pancake House, where the team has just breakfasted on eggs and pancakes. It’s 8:00 a.m, but the team started this day at 3:00 in the morning, doing time trials and tune-ups, well before the onslaught of summer tourists. Now, bellies full, these kids are about to go right into a second day of work back at their rented house in Colorado Springs. Or even a third day, maybe. Bonnell-Kangas gets very little shut-eye: He texts me on the coming day’s plans well after I’ve fallen asleep, then does it again at 2:00 a.m., well before I wake up the next morning. Many hours later, as I stagger off to catch a ride to my hotel, I pass four of the students. It’s early afternoon, and they’re blowing off steam shooting hoops in the front yard. Rest? Who needs rest? The inverter problem defies an easy solution. The Buckeyes can’t buy an inverter locally, and they haven’t the time to airlift one in from the antipodes. So there the electrical subteam sits, hunched around the dining-room table of their rental house, tearing the broken inverter apart. The Buckeye Current RW-3 gets its oomph from an Enstroj Emrax motor, which is rated at 100 kilowatts (134 horsepower). The motor is powered by 938 A123 lithium-ion cells, each about the size of a D battery. They weigh 80 kilograms and can store 7.7 kilowatt-hours—a quarter the capacity of a Nissan Leaf. “The motor is synchronous, which means the inverter has to keep up,” Bonnell-Kangas tells me. The rotor of a synchronous motor moves in lockstep with the rotating magnetic field. That field, in turn, is generated by output from the inverter, which varies in a repeating pattern, or cycle. The faster the motor turns, the more cycles the inverter must provide. But this inverter can crank out no more than 500 cycles per second—enough to turn the motor at 3,000 rpm. That’s the redline. “So we designed a control system to keep the motor below that critical speed,” Bonnell-Kangas says. This is why the inverter’s paralysis is such a big deal. As things now stand, the students can’t even get the motor to turn at all. And if they can’t fix it, then it’s good-bye to a year’s worth of dreams. Just as I begin to head back to my hotel, the problem is apparently found: two very well-fried fuses in the power supply board. They got electrocuted earlier during a tune-up. “We reversed the polarity [the direction of current],” Bonnell-Kangas tells me. “That burned the fuses, and that interrupted the power supply. We can fix this.” And they did. It’s things like these that make you appreciate the sweat that goes into anything complicated: a motorcycle, a car, a jetliner. Fix one thing and you tee up another to fail. Despite the frustrations, pressures, and compromises, they all can’t imagine doing anything else with their free time. When I ask Marc Ahlborg, an aerospace engineering major, why he chose this team rather than something more aeronautical (surely there’s a drone club?) he notes that he rides a bike himself, as do most team members. Though limited, the resources of this club are among the best at Ohio State, he adds. Most come as in-kind gifts from sponsors. Take the 100-kW alternator that Cummins Generator Technologies provided to them gratis. The team had wanted a smaller one, but apparently Cummins doesn’t do small. But the food bill comes out of the students’ pockets. So does the rent for the house, which they split evenly, and the transportation. Even bringing their own motorcycles out West is their own burden to bear: Ohio State has a rule against using school vehicles for private purposes. So while Buckeye Current and its appurtenances travel in a trailer worthy of a rock star, the personal gear mostly goes on the back of a pickup. Even petty cash is scarce. When Brody Ringler, a mechanical engineer, argues that the team needs a $10 infrared thermometer gun to quickly check the tires and other parts, Bonnell-Kangas mulls it over for a good 3 seconds: “Okay, buy it.” On Friday afternoon, when the students figure out the inverter’s problem and replace the blown fuses, I ask Bonnell-Kangas what he’d have done that morning if he’d gotten through to the Aussie company. Would he have maxed out his credit card to pay the AU $6,000 (US $4,592) for a new Tritium WaveSculptor200 inverter, plus the whatever-it-would-cost to fly it the 14,000 km from Australia to Colorado Springs? “I’d have paid it,” he says. Race day starts at the wretched hour of 1:30 a.m. Saying little, we drive in darkness, the mountain a huge black hulk in the distance. Poking along the final stretch, we jostle along with vehicles from every category of racing—production cars, vintage cars, modified cars, dune buggies, trucks (even a semi), and of course, motorcycles of various weights, power sources, and designs. It’s a surreal outdoor museum of automotive oddities, “Jay Leno’s Garage” taking a run on the wild side. There are even low-riding buglike affairs with a sidecar, in which a passenger, called the monkey, kneels in order to hang off the side as a counterweight in a tight turn. (It’s a living.) The team pitches a tent in the pit area, turns on the generator, powers up the fluorescent lights, puts the bike up on stilts, applies the blue Chicken Hawk electric tire warmers. They matter because the tires are racing slicks, so-called for their lack of treads, and they provide traction only when warm. They cool down fast in this chill air and on the frigid surfaces; all around, the mountain walls are pocked with snow. While warming the tires, the team checks the bike’s major systems and tops off the charge in each of the myriad battery cells. You have to do that just so, filling up one battery to a certain point, then catching up the others, then doing it again. It’s the only way you can be sure not to overcharge any of them. Well, that’s not quite true: You could design an automatic charging system, as the Victory Motorcycles team has no doubt done. They’re not far away, in the stretch that leads toward the burrito shack, and they are an actual company, based in Iowa. All they do is make motorcycles. Hand charging is tedious. But then what would you do early on race day? The last few hours before the race seem to crawl, like in the old movies when the defense attorney and the defendant wait—and wait—as the jury deliberates. But for Barber, the guy whose life depends on sticking to that slick road surface, time is passing at a faster clip. “It’s wet up there, really wet,” he says, returning from a little reconnaissance. In another hour the sun would burn away that water, but the show must go on, and the electric motorcycles are the first category to climb the mountain. Barber thinks that sticking to the schedule is ridiculous: Surely, the famously waterproof gasoline-powered bikes should go first, he grouses. Surely, someone could go up there and sweep away the worst of the wetness. But there’s no time. After some hurry-up-and-wait delays, Barber gets the go-ahead. He turns on the clanging noise maker, scoots off to the starting line, and promptly enters radio silence as the pit team unexpectedly loses contact with the bike’s transponder. Now the team must follow his progress fitfully, through a handful of visual sightings. After an eternity, the news comes succinctly. “Our time is 11:16,” says Brodsky, her ear pressed to a phone. No 10-minute race record this time, or victory of any kind. Ringler is plainly crushed. Brodsky says nothing. Bonnell-Kangas conceals his disappointment. This was his last hurrah as team leader; now he’ll take up his first job, a research position at the Detroit branch of Robert Bosch, the German auto supplier. Hours later, after all the races are run and Barber can finally walk the bike down, he is ebullient. Or maybe he’s just glad to be alive. “You guys were great,” he says. “It’s as good as last year’s time, and on a wet road. And the bike was great.” He’s a pro. And so, literally, were the guys who won the category. “The Victory bike was just so powerful,” Barber says later, while sitting on a couch back at the rented house. He was referring to an electric version of a bike made by Victory and ridden by Dan Canet. It posted a 10:17.8 time, about a minute faster than the Buckeye Current. “I don’t know how they do it; Victory is very quiet about the design,” says Barber. When he isn’t racing, he works a day job in IT for Cisco Systems, in Manchester, England. David did not beat Goliath, not this year. But maybe next year the team will build an automatic battery-charging system. Maybe they’ll revamp the power management system, inverter included. Or they could follow the lead of vehicle manufacturers worldwide and pare weight from the bike. “I can’t say what we might do,” says Brodsky, diplomatically. “We’ll decide these things together, after looking at the data logs from today.” Brodsky, alone among the students, was present at the creation. That was six years ago, when as a senior in high school she wangled her way into a new and decidedly bare-bones operation. Now she has graduated. Next year she’ll stay on as a grad student—on a mission. “I’m the team leader next year,” she says. “The rest of the team voted me in.”

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https://spectrum.ieee.org/for-racing-glory-students-built-a-mountainbusting-electric-motorcycle/particle-4

2024-04-17T17:54:48Z

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Episode 162: Leave room for the magic I think there can be a magical dance between dreaming and doing. In this podcast I discuss: -dreaming and the nuts-and-bolts of training -why it looks like some trainers don’t like horses -how to make progress when you aren’t sure exactly what you want to do with your horse -the idea that all disciplines share the same foundation training ⬇️FULL SHOW NOTES CLICK FULL SHOW NOTES Stacy Westfall: Hi, I’m Stacy Westfall, and I help riders become confident, communicate clearly, and get better results with their horses. In this episode, I’m going to talk about the magical dance between the dream and the how, as in, how to get it done. This episode will release the week of Christmas, so the word magic is in the air. It makes me want to say, leave room for the magic. And then as soon as I say that, it makes me think of empty space. Quite literally a few years ago, it’s actually been quite a while, I’m not sure how many years ago, but many, I heard somewhere that you should try leaving a little bit of empty space in your house, maybe an empty drawer in the kitchen or an empty shelf. And it’s actually been a really interesting practice for me to do because leaving a physical, empty space does something to your mind. So what I’m talking about in this episode is leaving room for the magic, meaning how do we figure out that dance between what we want and how we get it? I started talking a little bit in last week’s episode about the unknown. I was talking about the phrase, “I don’t know how,” and the power of wanting something because I think they’re tied together. Wanting something that we don’t currently have a lot of times means we don’t know how to get it. And I think part of the dance is understanding the magic of allowing that empty space to be there. This whole thing got me thinking about a concept that I introduced way back in Episode 3, which was in December of 2018. So when I looked it up and realized it released in December and I was talking about the dreaming phase, the learning phase, and what I call the balanced phase, when I look at the fact that that came out in December again, I think I was being influenced by this idea of this magical time of year. Because when I described it, I was talking about what I sometimes will call like my Disney phase or the part of me that wants to dream like a little girl, like somebody watching the Black Stallion movie or reading the book or Spirit or whatever different version of kind of a Disney movie. It’s basically just a different way of saying having a dream. And then back in that episode, I talked about a lot of times we go from this dreaming phase to a learning phase where we’re learning what I’m going to call the nuts and bolts of how to do things. And then I eventually want to get myself and people to the idea that you can actually have both of those at the same time, which is what I’m going to say this balancing act between this magical dance, between the dreaming and the nuts and bolts of how to do something. Stacy Westfall: Now, before I go too far into this, I do want to mention that I see these stages, but I’m definitely not saying everybody else does. So you might go somewhere, you know, maybe you go to take lessons and you’re like, It seems like something’s missing. I don’t think everybody is quite aware of these stages or has the same goal of getting to this balance phase. Basically, a lot of times people want to get rid of the dreaming phase. They might replace it with a word like goal and make it sound more, you know, adult than dreaming like Disney kind of dreaming. But I think it’s just interesting to look at it almost a little bit more in the slightly more extreme version I’m going to present here and then see what pieces you can find that you want to include. The reason I’m going to mention this right here at the beginning is because sometimes people will run into this confused moment when they’re in the horse industry. I did, and this week I heard my husband talking on the phone with somebody who had also had this confused moment, and I’m going to describe that here. But basically, the experience for me was almost exactly the same as this person that was calling my husband this week to ask, like, I don’t understand this. And what happened to me years ago was I was a little girl in Maine and I loved all things horses. I eventually found a college in Ohio, and I came out to Ohio, which is where I live now and went to school at a college that had an equine program. And when I was there, what I started to notice as I got experience being around the horse world, trainers that trained professionally, full time, big-time shows, et cetera, what I ended up noticing was that I would come across horse trainers that didn’t seem to like horses, and that was confusing to me. And that’s what this person who called my husband for some advice was also experiencing. Like, I went to ride with this person and it doesn’t seem like they like horses. And it was such a good reminder to me about what this was like decades ago when I first ran into this. Because basically, what happened is I think that these people enter the horse industry with some kind of a dream. And maybe that’s got more of the Disney element, which is what I’m going to claim for myself. Or maybe it’s got more of a, you know, some other version, whatever you want to put on it. Maybe they’ve watched, you know, used to watch westerns and they want to ride, they want to train. Maybe they’ve been watching some of the more current shows that are out there and they–and that makes them want to be a trainer, but they kind of come into it from some sort of a dream-like idealistic, I’ll put it that way also, kind of a thing. Like I would love to be able to train horses full time. Maybe that doesn’t sound quite as Disney to you as my version does, but it’s got this idealistic kind of a version to it. And then a lot of times people go and they look for somebody who’s doing that. So let’s just use this example of, you know, I want to become a horse trainer. I want to ride horses all day. Then they go and they find a horse trainer and they’re like, How does it happen? This horse trainer doesn’t appear to like horses. And the reason, in my opinion, that this happens is because I still truly think, and when I ask people in this situation, a lot of times they can tell me about an original dream that they had and then the way that I’m going to say what happens is that they get into the nuts and bolts phase of the learning and then they stay there. Or they get in the nuts and bolt phase and they end up thinking, This is it. This is what there is. And they give up a little bit of that dreaming side that I refuse to give up. So they give up a little bit of that magical side. Maybe, maybe they’re not even looking for that magical side. I mean, realistically, there could very well be people that aren’t looking for that magical kind of side. Stacy Westfall: Now, I think a lot of people who are listening to this podcast are listening because they want some version of relationship. So in the most extreme form of the nuts and bolts stage of learning, there really isn’t relationship because it’s truly just the for just the function, it’s just the function of the nuts and bolts. And I think that a lot of times when people see horse trainers that they want to, you know, say they shouldn’t be a trainer or whatever like that. Maybe they get good results at shows, but they look like they don’t have a relationship with the horse. It looks mechanical. That’s because that’s an expression of something being really far to the only being the nuts and bolts side of how it works. And again, don’t be mistaken, there can actually be people that that’s what they want. That was their goal. Now I tend to attract people that want both. They want to get results, they want to be safe, they want to enjoy their horses, they want the relationship, and they want the results of being able to do something. Go trail riding, go to a show, learn more, understand the bridleless. You know, there’s this dance between the relationship and the results. There’s this dance between what I’m calling the dreaming phase and this learning phase, this nuts and bolts. I love both. So be careful when you start thinking about the nuts and bolts and the fact that somebody only focused on the nuts and bolts–that doesn’t make the nuts and bolts part of learning, that doesn’t make that wrong. It just means they’re leaving out maybe the relational part where they don’t–they’re not looking for it. They don’t even want it. They don’t desire it. Whatever that is. So I wanted to put that up front because sometimes when people are, you know, all over the world listening to this podcast, they will say, I’ve been listening. I really want to learn more about, fill in the blank. That could be because I do reining and I do all these different things like, fill in the blank and then they go and they’re like, confused because they show up and they find a person. I just want you to be thinking, Am I looking at something that is primarily nuts and bolts and have–has it gone so far that it–it doesn’t contain the relationship piece of it anymore? I’m telling you, I am here. I want to be living proof that both are possible. You can have the nuts and bolts of it and you can have the relationship side of it. But just for those of you who might have run across, you might have accidentally been kind of turned off to the idea of understanding the nuts and bolts because it’s been presented to you as an either-or, especially if you run into somebody who kind of lives in that nuts and bolts world. They a lot of times will tell you, sometimes very directly, that the dreaming phase is childlike, which is actually why I purposely lay claim to the idea of this Disney phase. And hey, you know what? It’s worked for me. It’s where the bareback and bridleless riding came from is embracing the idea that I could have both. I want to understand all four of the quadrants that I’ve built this entire podcast off, from the rider’s mind, the rider’s body, the horse’s mind, the horse’s body. And I don’t want to get so far to one side that we are ignoring the nuts and bolts pieces of it. And I also don’t want to get so far to another side that we’re not acknowledging the relationship piece of it and that dream piece of it, because in my opinion, the magic lives in the dance between all four of these things. Stacy Westfall: Now let me do a quick review of the stages that I outlined back in Episode 3 so that we can then discuss where the magic comes from. So the first stage that I see most riders come into the horse industry through is some sort of, you know, dream, aspirational stage. Mine, I call the Disney moments, but it could be something a little bit more like, you know, cowboy movies. Could be the Black Stallion books, could be something like that, but there’s usually something that has drawn people to the horses, to the horse industry, and there’s something that’s attracting them there. Now let’s just say that this person goes out, buys a horse, and then they end up at some point, typically transitioning into what I’m going to go back and forth between calling the learning stage and calling the nuts and bolts stage. I’m going to go back and forth between those two because what we’ve got is that dream stage really primarily lives in the mind. It’s very like aspirational and it’s–it’s very, you know, dreamy feeling. And then the learning stage, the nuts and bolts stage is much more hands-on physical. It’s what’s going on there. And typically, the thing that will kick off the learning stage for a lot of people are one of these two things: it’s either safety or it’s wanting more or a combination of both. So what that can mean is somebody watches a Disney movie, wants a horse, goes out, gets one, expects it to behave like Spirit, and then realizes that there’s a lot more to it. So the realizing there’s a lot more to it might be they can’t catch them in the pasture. It might mean that the horse is dragging them away when they’re leading them. It might be that they’re getting on in their riding, and it worked well for the first two months, but now it’s not working so well anymore. At some point, there becomes some kind of friction that typically kicks off this learning. I need to know more kind of a stage or the person buys the horse and goes into it kind of more aware that there is that learning stage. Like they buy a horse and they continue taking lessons from the trainer. They buy a horse and they’ve got goals for showing in Western dressage. So they bought a horse that had the training and they’re kind of on that track. So it’s sometimes people will jump in and be a little bit more in that middle where they’ve got, you know, they’ve kind of got the dreaming and the learning going right from the beginning. Other times people come in with more of purely just the dreaming side of it, and then they learn as they go the nuts and bolts of it. So there’s some kind of a dance between those two things. Now that’s actually what I’m going to consider the third stage. So to me, the first stage is dreaming. The second stage is the nuts and bolts or that learning phase, that how it works kind of phase. And then there is this balancing act between the two, which actually is what I think is magical. So this third stage is to me, when a person can believe in both that dreaming, whatever that dream or aspirational goal was that you had when you decided to get involved with horses, it’s believing in that at the same time that you’re learning the nuts and bolts. And what this means to me is that when you’re learning about the nuts and bolts, you don’t have to give up the dreaming and when you’re doing the dreaming, if things aren’t on track, if it’s not going the way that you were dreaming about, then maybe you need a little bit more of the nuts and bolts part of it. And to me, this is when we go back and forth between the two. That’s when we get into this balance phase where some really magical things can happen. Stacy Westfall: So just in case this has been a little bit fuzzy, I want to go ahead and put it into a little bit more of an example. And the good news is I’m currently living what could be considered a fuzzy example. So let’s put this into action. Let’s make up a couple scenarios, one make-believe and one real, by using me, where how do we take action on making this dream or aspirational goal, how do we take this and make it real in the world? So let’s say that somebody is dreaming about getting a horse that they can enjoy going on a trail ride. Or maybe they get a horse and they’re they really are dreaming about going to a few shows and–and developing a relationship with this horse and spending time with friends because they have other friends that show or maybe somebody gets a horse and they’re open to doing whatever the horse is suited to. Whatever’s best for the horse is what they’re willing to do. So any which way, those are all dreams. And so this person is going to end up with a dream and a horse in this imaginary situation. I want to talk about it from the point of view of whatever suits this horse the best because I actually get a lot of emails from people who are in that situation. They’re kind of flexible about what the horse might be well suited for. They’re pretty flexible about what they’re willing to do with that. If you’re in that situation like I am, how does this work? Where does the magic fit in? But how do we fit in the nuts and bolts of it? So for me, what I–I’m literally in this exact situation with my horse, Presto. So if we look at my horse, Presto, if you’ve seen pictures of him, he’s the very big Appaloosa that I have. And I adopted him from the Last Chance Corral. You can find them on Facebook. You can see the work that they do. So I picked out Presto from a photo online when he was three days old. He was a nurse mare foal that was taken off his mom at three days old and ended up at Last Chance Corral. Now I chose him for the dream. I chose him for the experience of raising an orphan. That was pretty much guaranteed because of the way that I bought him. I wanted to actually explore this unknown path. So I picked a horse from a different breeding than I normally ride. I ride a lot of quarter horses and I picked this big horse that was a mixture of Appaloosa and Thoroughbred and Percheron. And so I picked this horse from a completely different breeding type situation what I normally ride. I picked him as an orphan. I picked him because of his color. I mean, honestly, when I was like, That’s it, I’m going to buy one, just impulse off the internet. Here I go. And yes, I did make some of my guesses looking at his photos when he was three days old. But what I did totally commit to was I committed to doing whatever this horse was best suited for. And I picked him at three days old, so there was a lot of guessing involved with that. Now, Presto is almost six years old. So what does the path look like with a horse that, in my case, I bought off the internet because he was different than anything else I’d ever worked with, and because I wasn’t clear on what his path would be? So what do I do with that? How do I put that into action? How do I put that into–how do I take the path of whatever suits the horse and not just go out there and like, stare at him and have him stare back at me and wait for him to, like, tell me what to do? Because he’s actually not that clear on like what his path is either. So how do I help unveil that? How do I get anything done in this situation? Well, the way that it works for me is that I have a foundation that I believe all horses need to know. So the way it works for me and what I believe is the reason that I’ve been so successful in what seems like all these unrelated disciplines, whether I’m out there doing mounted shooting or reining or bareback bridleless riding, whatever, you know, these different–western dressage, traditional dressage. When I’m mixing all these different things around, the reason it looks like it’s unrelated, but the reason it works for me is because I see it as related. Because the nuts and the bolts, the foundation, I believe, is the same no matter what the future career is. Stacy Westfall: So I take young Presto and I start basically teaching him the basic education that I think a horse should have. It’s a little bit–I’m going to use the example of like teaching a child to read and write. So that’s one of the skills that we typically want to teach to children because those become some of the skills, the building blocks for teaching them to communicate. So we teach them ABCs. We teach them how to combine those into words. We can teach them how to combine those into sentences. And that all happens whether or not that child is going to be an author. You don’t have to want to write books to understand ABC, here’s a word, here’s a sentence. So what this is to me is that I’m teaching these horses these fundamental things. And as they’re learning these fundamental things, as the horses are learning the reading and writing skills, as I’m teaching them these different aides that the rider has, the way that they’re supposed to respond, what tends to happen is, although I’m going to teach these foundation pieces, I’m–I don’t teach one person a different alphabet than another if we’re all learning English. So we’re all learning English, we all learn the alphabet, we learn the words, we learn the sentences, and then we get creative. That’s what I’m doing with the horses. As I’m teaching the horses the skills I’m teaching them how to respond to the inside rein, how to respond to the outside rein, how to respond when both reins are used, how to respond to the left leg, how to respond to the right leg, how to respond to both legs at the same time, and the balancing act between the reins and the hands. And so as I’m teaching all of those things, it’s very nuts and bolts oriented, except it’s so fascinating when I think about myself going through, you know, I’m going to go back and just think about high school for myself. I remember being in classes where they were trying to explain to us that they’re teaching us how to read because they want us to comprehend. Now, you–so you teach things like comprehension. You teach some of these different things indirectly. You read, you discuss, you read, you just you have these experiences, you write, and you discuss, you write and you discuss you read and you just you go back and forth. So it’s like the nuts and bolts of the thing actually is what brings the–the the less tangible thing to life. And I think it works the same with horses. So if you’re after this dream–so I’ve already said I’m going to work on some of this bridleless riding with my horses this year. So one of my goals that I’m still working on getting into measurable, but I’m going to work on the bridleless riding this year. It’s going to be expressed, bridlelesss riding is going to be expressed, with one–one or both of my horses, Willow and Gabby this year. I’m going to start working on that. Now what that means to me, the bridleless riding is this higher-level aspirational goal, and the good news is I’ve been putting in all this time working on the nuts and bolts that have been leading me there. They’ve learned their ABCs, they’ve learned how to make words, they understand the technique that I’m using. They understand–listen to this–they comprehend what I’m trying to get them to do at a level that when I make the leap to the bridleless riding it’s not a leap, because they went past the nuts and bolts phase of you pick up on the left rein, and you apply pressure to the left rein and the horse goes, I don’t understand this. I’m going to open my mouth. I’m confused. This is scaring me. That is a very early stage where they don’t understand much. They’re confused. Something’s missing. What can eventually happen is that you pick up your hand to take the slack out of the left rein, and the horse already understands what’s going to happen. They understand what you are requesting of them. That’s a different level of comprehension in the same horse. So when I look at my bridleless goals with my horses for this year, I understand how the nuts and bolts that I’ve been working on are going to now be used to create–I’ve been creating this comprehension, this higher comprehension level in my horses, and now I’m going to use these same building blocks and move them up to bridleless riding. Stacy Westfall: Now, going back to Presto, Presto is still in the middle of learning these building blocks. He understands quite a few of them pretty well. I’m using him inside of my courses to show people the building blocks so you can see his first ride in there. You can see him as he’s learning these different things, and you’re going to see him all the way up through because I’ve decided that when I’m working with these horses, my other horses are in there too. I’ve decided that when I say building blocks, what I’m picturing in my mind is Legos because I have three sons. And when they were young, my house was full of Legos. We have stepped on so many Legos over the years that my feet should be shaped like a Lego. And do you know what you can build with Legos? You can build pretty much anything with Legos. If you can dream it, you can build it with Legos. So when I’m teaching my horses these foundation blocks, I’m picturing it like Legos. And so each horse’s path is a little bit different. But those building blocks, those Legos, those pieces that are underneath there that are forming the foundation for me to then be able to go combine in all these different things. Maybe these Legos need to be words. And these are like these Lego, and we can combine these into these different sentences, we can build these different towers, and so Presto is still learning some of the words. Gabby and Willow, they understand all the building blocks and what’s being expressed with them right now is different combinations of the building blocks. So someone was over here. I did a couple of Western dressage clinics here at my house back in October and November, and somebody was asking a question about the leg yield. Well, the leg yield is a combination. It’s one of the beginning combinations of the different building blocks then being put together into what forms a leg yield. And so this building block idea is so helpful to me because with Presto, on his path, I don’t know where he will end up. I picked him because he did not look like he would lend himself well to reining. And I do a lot of reining and I wanted to do something different. He’s big. He looks like he could do dressage really well. And what I’ve mostly focused on has been building blocks. And one of the first things I always build with my Lego building blocks is a trail horse because I love trail riding. So Presto has gone hundreds of miles out on the trails back here behind my house, both with horses and alone. And so those building blocks have already created a horse that understands my aides enough to get me to the point where I can trail ride with other horses and alone safely. I took him to his first horse show and showed him last year. Well, this year. I’m already talking like it’s 2022. And so those building blocks have already gotten me that far with him. And yet listen to how I think a lot of times people end up holding themselves back. I think sometimes when people like you are listening to the podcast, you want to compare your path, your horse’s path to one of my example horses. And so a lot of times people have seen the bareback and bridleless and they learn that Roxy did that when she was five years old and they’re like, Oh my gosh, that’s just like unicorn behavior. Now what’s really interesting is that I also rode my other horses at bridleless at five years old. Now, here’s another fact. Same person, different horse. Presto is five years old and we are nowhere near bridleless. And so it’s different paths, different horses. Different paths is OK. Presto’s, path has been slower than some of my other horses. But if I compare Presto, this is really interesting, to Willow, who I’ve won so much on in the last few years right now. Presto’s further ahead than Willow was at age five, although they’re both behind where Roxy–do you see–OK. It doesn’t matter. Each path is unique, so I think it’s interesting to know there is a path. I think it’s interesting to see how the path works. I think it’s very useful for riders to understand the building blocks and to understand how to tell when the horse is confused about the aides, because I think all of that helps illuminate each individual horse’s path, each individual rider’s path. Basically, I’ve committed to being on the journey with Presto. And sometimes people want to be like, I’m on the journey, but I want to know exactly all the how. But the blending of the dream that I have of being on the journey with Presto and letting it reveal itself, not knowing exactly where it’s going to end, the dream is the exploration of the unknown of where we’re going while I blend the how. So the magic is blending this dreaming and this doing. In 2022, so that’s just not too far from now, I am coaching riders who want to learn more about both the building blocks and the dreaming. If what I talk about here on the podcast resonates with you. Consider joining my email list so you can learn about upcoming live webinars that I’m going to be offering. The best way for me to get that information to you is by emailing it to you. And during those webinars, I’m explaining how I can help you and your horse with that dreaming phase and the nuts and bolts, the how, the doing. I can teach you the how and we can leave room for the magic to happen as your path and your horse’s path is revealed. Thanks for listening, and I’ll talk to you again in the next episode. Links mentioned in podcast: SUBSCRIBE TO THE PODCAST HERE: WHY IS MY HORSE...?

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In Japanese martial arts, the Kiai (気合) is commonly thought of as a loud yell that coincides with an attack. But it’s actually a method of breathing, and is so much more than a simple scream. In Dragon Ball, the Kiai is taken to an extreme. While drawing upon ancient martial arts legends, Akira Toriyama gives a visual appearance to what used to be invisible. He also illustrates what the Kiai could be capable of when used by a supernormal martial artist. Toriyama’s creation has inspired a lot of people to practice martial arts, and the Kiai is an integral aspect of eastern martial arts, so it’s important to understand. From super powerful punches to shields of energy, let’s take a deeper look at the Kiai in Dragon Ball. Understanding the Kiai To have a better grasp of what the Kiai is in Dragon Ball, we first have to understand what a Kiai is in traditional eastern martial arts. Different martial arts masters view the Kiai in different ways, and there are those that believe it is a simple exhalation of air, while others consider it a potent weapon in the martial artist’s arsenal. Wendell E. Wilson of the Shuri-ryu dojo in Tucson, Arizona, wrote in his essay, ‘Kiai’, “The subject of the kiai is complex and profound, involving critical aspects of the body, the mind, and the spirit, having numerous uses and applications. In truth, no one masters or even understands a martial art without mastering the kiai. … ‘The yell’ is not a trivial, expendable, slightly silly bit of melodrama; rather, it is a core concept and an essential skill to be taken very seriously and to be practiced and refined at every opportunity.” The character for Ki (気), known as Qi in Chinese, refers to the ‘breath,’ ‘air’ or ‘spiritual energy’ of life. The character for ai (合) is a combination of characters, the top part (亼) meaning “to gather or collect,” and the bottom part (口) meaning, “mouth.” A literal translation of Kiai could be, “to gather Ki together in the mouth,” and with the given context of the martial arts, it could be translated as, “to gather Ki together and project through (or out of) the mouth.” Despite this literal translation existing, Kiai is often stated as meaning “to harmonize,” in that you harmonize your energy with that of your opponent, whether to subdue them peacefully or manipulate and defeat them. These characters are also found in the martial art Aikido (合気道), where the Ai and Ki are in the opposite order. In Aikido, a Kiai is used to instill a peaceful harmony or subjugation of the opponent through a meeting of energies via movement. The compassionate philosophy of Aikido is actually a rarity in Japanese martial arts and a relatively new concept, so the traditional meaning is still relevant. In a traditional sense, the uniting effect of the Kiai is found within the individual practitioner as he unites his mind and body with proper timing and execution. At a higher level, a Kiai is a complete unification of time and space, spiritual energy and power, mental willpower and determination, compressed and directed at a single point. The body’s concentrated power is let out during the Kiai, which can precede, coincide, or follow the moment of impact, depending on the technique or style. How the Kiai Works Basic training for the Kiai involves breathing exercises, similar to the Pranayama practices of India. The practitioner breathes from the lower abdominal area, setting the Ki in motion. The lower abdominal area of the body is referred to as the Hara (腹) in Japanese, and the Dan Tian (丹田) in Chinese martial arts. It is an important part of the human body, and the place where energy is developed and stored. Practitioners also perform mind intent exercises to strengthen their will and direct their intent. Once a sufficient amount of Ki had been built up in the practitioner’s body, they would then practice their yells in outdoor environments. Starting from the lower abdomen, below the belly button, the practitioner quickly expels their Ki and breath while directing it with their mind. An objective was to become louder than nearby oceans, or silence the animals of forests and mountains. Others use silent Kiai’s during meditation as a concentrated expression of will. And the silent Kiai’s are considered the most difficult yet most powerful to use in battle. That said, keep in mind there are different types of Kiai, and high volume is not a necessity. It is the proper application that is important. Remember that a Kiai is the unification of spirit and body through the mouth. The most important part is the unification. In battle, high level masters may only make a subtle noise, or none at all, yet the Kiai is still fully executed. The Kiai can also be used defensively, to harden the body and protect internal organs. The sudden tension followed by immediate relaxation reduces the sensation of impact. Trained martial artists can survive falls from great heights, or otherwise deadly blows, by using such techniques with proper timing. When performed, the sounds expressed can vary depending on whether it is an offensive or defensive technique. Sounds such as, “hah,” “ah,” “ey”, “ay-sah”, “hai”, “toh,” “yah”, “ohs”, “hup” and others can be heard. Both long and short exhalations exist, and can be done before a technique, during, or after. There is no actual meaning to the vocal expression. Actually using and refining the Kiai as a weapon is known as Kiai Jutsu (気合術). Kiai Jutsu can be considered the art of attacking (or healing) through the voice. This art was considered very esoteric and secretive, taught only to professional warriors or senior students. Through years of dedicated training a practitioner was said to be able to use their own voice as a weapon, like a lion’s roar. In this form, Kiai-Jutsu was used to knock opponents unconscious or cause mortal harm, without touching the opponent physically. This was known as a “touchless weapon.” They could ring a bell from a distance, stop a punch or kick in mid-strike, knock people over, shock an opponent into paralysis, or even cause birds to fall from their perch. In Japanese, this technique was referred to as “Toate-no-Jutsu” (遠当ての術), meaning “the art of striking from a distance.” The Kiai Jutsu practitioner would channel the energy from their lower abdomen, and from throughout their body, and out the mouth. The energy wave would be directed at a target via mind intent. Today, Kiai Jutsu as a “touchless weapon” can be found in dojo’s, but is ridiculed as a scam martial art and highly criticized by skeptics as something promoted by charlatans. Practitioners of the techniques state in their defense that it is because the skeptics, when subject to the Kiai, are not sensitive to Ki, or that martial artists of other practices are not sensitive to the master’s particular energy. This means they do not respond like a normal martial artist would, such as collapsing unconscious, or being pushed and pulled around by the energy. Instead, they suffer long term harm to their organs on a subtle level. Students who are sensitive to the master’s energy, or profess to be able to use the technique, describe it in various ways: A shockwave, a surge, a type of wind, intense heat, blurred vision and deafness, or an electric buzz. And Veteran martial artists in the United States, who practiced in the 50’s, 60’s and 70’s, have made claims to experiencing such things while in Japan. But to the skeptics, the practice is debunked as nothing more than psychological manipulation of the master’s students. Or as Mister Satan from Dragon Ball Z would say, “Tricks.” Therefore, whether or not Kiai Jutsu’s “touchless weapon” is real is subject to personal opinion or belief, hopefully based on experience, rather than conjecture. There are no known surviving masters of the original art teaching publicly (if alive at all), and the complete style of techniques have been lost and become the source of legends. There are a few schools across the world that still teach Kiai Jutsu’s “touchless weapon,” but they are subject to ridicule by those who seek scientific evidence and proof. Only the basic aspects of Kiai Jutsu remain in the eastern martial arts world as a whole, and are found in the majority of practices. The Kiai is an integral part of proper training, and masters of an art have strong Kiai’s, but Kiai Jutsu as a “touchless weapon” is, generally speaking, no longer given credibility, except for those who profess to have experienced it. There are however those who still teach Kiai Jutsu in tandem with the pressure point art known as Kyusho (急所). In this form it is for medical healing or reviving unconscious martial artists after pressure point manipulation and knockouts while training. Kiai Jutsu in Dragon Ball Here is where things get taken to the extreme. The Dragon Ball extreme! The Kiai Jutsu technique is used by several characters in Dragon Ball, and it shows up in a lot of different ways, growing in magnitude and power as the series continues. It’s never explicitly shown how the characters in Dragon Ball trained to use the Kiai as a supernormal projection of their Ki. Some of the characters have the ability while others either do not or never display it. The characters use the Kiai’s in different ways, so let’s review some of them now. For lack of specific terms, I provided generic terms for each of these technique categories. The most common Kiai is that which accompanies a powerful strike. The proper timing of a Kiai strengthens their attack. This is a regular type of martial arts Kiai. I can’t think of any of the warrior’s that don’t use this while fighting. One Kiai for just about every punch and kick. Kiai Aura Blast The Kiai Aura Blast is very similar to the “touchless weapon” technique. This is “the art of striking from a distance” exemplified. Goku used the Kiai Aura Blast while fighting on Planet Namek against Jeice and Burter. The two Ginyu Force members are attacking him simultaneously, one on his left, and the other on his right. Goku quickly enters a martial arts horse stance, crosses his arms, and then Kiai’s while extending both arms out to the side while looking forward. The result is a gigantic invisible shockwave that sends both opponents flying away. Dust goes everywhere and Jeice and Burter try to recover in mid-air. This appears to be an omnidirectional Kiai: A transparent aura blast that rapidly radiates outward. This is important to point out because other aura blasts in Dragon Ball have clearly observable Ki that emanates from the practitioner. The one Goku used did not. Uub also showed this technique at the end of Dragon Ball Z. He was able to do this technique without any training, when Goku made him so furious with rage that he screamed in Goku’s direction. There are a couple examples where we see the Kiai Shield. The first is when Tenshinhan is fighting his revenge match against Tao Pai Pai, the Crane Hermit’s little brother, at the 23rd Tenkaichi Budokai. Tao Pai Pai fires his Super Dodonpa energy beam at Tenshinhan, who defiantly stands in place. Tenshinhan is so angry and disgusted with Tao Pai Pai’s lack of warrior ethics that he chooses to take the beam head on in an action that also represents the moment he surpassed his former instructor. But instead of Tenshinhan blocking it with his hands or using some other technique, he Kiai’s. After the dust clears, Tenshinhan is left standing in the ring, completely untouched and unmoved. He then rushes toward Tao Pai Pai and knocks him unconscious with a single blow. Another time we see the Kiai shield is when Goku is fighting against Nappa during the Saiyan arc. Goku has just arrived to the battlefield, and Nappa attempts to blow him away. Goku stands in place, puffs out his chest while raising his arms up in the air, and Kiai’s. Nappa’s blast is completely negated before it even touches Goku’s body. Goku uses this same technique while fighting against Burter and Jeice on Planet Namek, where they are throwing multiple energy balls at him. He Kiai’s and surrounds himself with an invisible shield that blocks all of the projectiles. And like the Kiai Strike, the Kiai Shield can be used repeatedly during a fight, such as when absorbing blows or suffering a great fall or impact. Martial artists in the real world frequently use a defensive Kiai when taking hits, so it’s highly likely that the Dragon Ball warriors do the same thing. Kiai Energy Beam In Dragon Ball, unless a Kiai technique has its own special name, this type of Kiai is generically referred to as a Mouth Blast. In Japanese, this would be Kuchi Kara KiKoHa (口から気功波), which can be translated as “Ki Skill Mouth Wave.” This is the type of energy technique from the mouth that most people think of when it comes to DBZ. Many of the “evil” characters in the series have this ability, such as Piccolo Daimao, Piccolo Daimao Jr., Dodoria, Nappa, Recoome, Cell, Majin Buu, Janemba, and the Oozaru that each Saiyan can transform into. This technique involves collecting the energy of the body into the mouth and projecting it outward as a beam. There are different colored beams for each character, depending on their individual characteristics. Because the beam is made of high energy matter, it often explodes on impact or penetrates through defenses. According to western physics, light exhibits characteristics of both particles (rays) and waves. Most of these types of Kiai’s resemble light rays, or beams, rather than waves. There is the also the unique case where Majin Buu and Gotenks are trapped in the Room of Spirit and Time inside Kami’s Lookout. They both Kiai with such power that it rips a hole through time and space, allowing them to escape their dimensional prison. Kiai Energy Wave Similar to the Kiai Energy Beam, the Kiai Energy Wave is a collection of energy projected out of the mouth. But this time it comes out as a destructive wave, instead of a beam. Theoretically, the Ki mixes with breath and is then projected forward as a high energy material substance. For example, in the Majin Buu arc, Babidi orders Majin Buu to destroy a city, and he does so with a Kiai Energy Wave. He takes a really huge inhale, and gives a super elongated exhale of pink Ki waves that is so visibly powerful that it levels the entire city, like the shockwave from a nuclear blast. Recoome also uses the breath variant technique on Planet Namek fighting against Gohan. These techniques are in many ways similar to Superman’s super breath. The difference is that because these waves are made of high energy matter, rather than air alone, they are far more destructive. There’s also a different type of Kiai Energy Wave where the character breathes fire. Dabura does this in the Majin Buu arc. He inhales air and then breathes fire at his opponent, as if he were drawing it up from within his body. And in Dragon Ball GT, when Goku transforms into the towering Golden Oozaru, he shoots red hot fire out of his mouth in a projected stream. This stream of fire is different than the regular Oozaru Kiai Energy Beam. Lastly, in Dragon Ball Z Movie 13: Wrath of the Dragon, the giant monster Hildegarn uses a similar technique to project a huge stream of flame from its mouth. Because of their giant nature, in the case of the Oozaru, Golden Oozaru, and Hildegarn, these types of streams can be likened to Godzilla’s radioactive breath, rather than a traditional Kiai. Toriyama was a fan of Godzilla movies and giant monsters as a child, and so it’s easy to see these same characteristics in the monster’s deadly breath. Ancient and Modern Kiai’s Can you now see the string that connects the Kiai’s of traditional Japanese martial arts to the Kiai’s in Dragon Ball? Dragon Ball’s fighting styles and techniques are rooted in eastern martial arts, which are themselves rooted in religions and spirituality. Some of this may appear unbelievable or unscientific, but to the warriors of the past, such abilities seemed very real, or at least possible. Even today there are still some martial artists that take the Kiai and its more supernormal aspects to be real because of their own experiential evidence. Dragon Ball takes these concepts and the possibilities of such powers to an extreme, and then uses them to weave an interesting tale of mighty warriors. Why don’t the martial artists of today have such abilities? Maybe it’s impossible. Or maybe they aren’t training hard enough! Increase Your Kiai Power If you are interested in learning more about the Kiai, please see the resources below or conduct your own research. Better yet, start taking a martial art and find out for yourself whether or not the Kiai is real. If you decide to walk the path of a warrior, then perhaps this advice will help. Wendell E. Wilson ended his ‘Kiai’ essay with the following recommendation. “Don’t be shy with your Kiai… it is nothing less than your source of power and your route to victory.”

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For information regarding our services, please call us today 07729554332 uPVC doors main problems with your uPVC doors, will be the mechanism, which can be quite flimsy especially if you have heavy handed children using it daily, but you can also have handles that become limp or faulty, locks that break or keys that get stuck, and of course the hinges which we already mentioned. The mechanism inside your uPVC door over time can fail, making it impossible to lock your door again. If you’re having trouble with your door, then we can assist you. Leicester Locksmiths Call 07729554332 UPVC locks are a popular choice for homeowners due to their durability and security features. However, like any lock, UPVC locks can experience issues over time. Here are some of the most common problems with UPVC locks and how to address them: - Misaligned doors: If your UPVC door is misaligned, it can put pressure on the lock and cause it to malfunction. Leicester locksmiths can realign the door to prevent this issue. - Broken keys: Keys can break off in the lock, making it difficult or impossible to open. Leicester locksmiths can extract the broken key and repair or replace the lock as needed. - Worn out or damaged locking mechanism: Over time, the locking mechanism in a UPVC lock can become worn out or damaged, making it difficult to lock or unlock the door. Leicester locksmiths can repair or replace the mechanism to restore proper function. - Sticky lock: A lock that is difficult to turn or feels sticky can be caused by dirt or debris in the mechanism. Leicester locksmith can clean the lock to restore smooth operation. - Door not fully closing: If your UPVC door is not fully closing, it can prevent the lock from engaging properly. Leicester locksmiths can adjust the door to ensure that it is closing properly. Overall, UPVC locks are a reliable choice for homeowners. However, if you experience any issues with your UPVC lock, it’s important to contact Leicester locksmith to address the issue promptly. By addressing issues early on, you can prevent more costly repairs down the line and ensure the security of your home. uPVC Lock Specialists Have you recently moved into a new home? Are you significantly concerned about the existing door and window locks? Leicester Locksmiths can survey your current security situation, and upgrade your locks with quality and affordable solutions. Home and workplace security is a serious concern for everyone, and it’s important not to wait until you’ve become another burglary statistic. In addition if you have any reason to be concerned about your uPVC door and window locks please give us a call. Leicester Locksmiths are also fully equipped to supply keyed-alike lock cylinders. Where a single key will operate all your window locks, and another for all your door locks, perfect for those who are fed up with a handful of keys for each lock in your home. Also, if you are concerned about an elderly member of the family living alone, we can supply and fit key override cylinders which allow entry in emergency situations, even if a key has been left in the inside lock. Our prices are highly competitive and our response times are excellent. Furthermore if you would like to arrange for Leicester Locksmiths to come and see you, please give us a call today 07729554332 uPVC Window Repairs At Leicester Locksmiths we have been fully trained to handle fixing all types of uPVC doors and windows. Hence if your conservatory, plastic windows are starting to cease up or not work properly, call Leicester Locksmiths on 07729554332. Often we find that uPVC windows suffer from age related break downs, such as seals in the joints failing. The hinges weakening and bending under constant use. The good news is you don’t need to go out and buy a new set of doors or windows, as these problems can be easily repaired by our skilled locksmiths, which could save you thousands of pounds. Whether it’s your double glazing that’s failing, or your conservatory, we can fix it for you for a great price. With a professional service that’ll have your uPVC windows working as good as new. Without changing the whole window units, but replacing and resealing the glass as well. Repairing Your uPVC Window Locks There are two main sources of uPVC window lock problems. They are the lock itself, or the internal mechanism that controls the opening of the window. This leads to not being able to open, close, or turn the key inside. We are highly skilled at finding and solving the fault in your lock, with experience in many different styles and brands of window lock When you have a faulty lock, if it is a snapped key, the door doesn’t function correctly, or there’s a snapped part of the mechanism, we can fix it. Damaged uPVC window hinges – these hinges will often become warped or wear down with constant use. Secure Your New Home: The Importance of Changing Door Locks After Moving Moving into a new home is an exciting chapter, but amidst the unpacking and settling in, it’s crucial not to overlook a fundamental aspect of home security – changing your door locks. Securing your new abode with updated locks is a paramount step in ensuring the safety and peace of mind for you and your loved ones. Let’s delve into the reasons why changing your door locks after a move is a non-negotiable. 1. Unknown Accessibility: When you move into a new property, you can never be entirely sure who might still have access to your home. Previous owners, real estate agents, contractors, or even neighbors with spare keys pose potential security risks. Changing the locks guarantees that you are the sole controller of who has access to your new space. 2. Protect Against Key Duplication: During the home-selling process, various copies of keys may have been distributed. To eliminate the risk of unauthorized key duplication, investing in new locks is a prudent measure. Modern, high-security locks provide enhanced resistance against picking and copying, fortifying your home against potential threats. 3. Peace of Mind for Your Family: Moving can be a stressful experience, and the last thing you want to worry about is the security of your new home. Changing your door locks offers peace of mind, allowing you to focus on creating a comfortable and secure environment for your family without lingering concerns about who might have access. 4. Insurance Compliance: Some home insurance policies may require proof of updated locks to maintain coverage. By promptly changing your locks after moving, you not only bolster your home’s security but also ensure that you remain in compliance with your insurance provider’s requirements, potentially leading to lower premiums. 5. Customized Security Solutions: Every home is unique, and so are its security needs. Upgrading your locks allows you to choose systems that align with your specific requirements, whether it’s smart locks with remote access or traditional deadbolts for added strength. Tailoring your security measures ensures optimal protection for your new residence. In conclusion, changing your door locks after moving is a small yet powerful investment in the safety of your home and loved ones. Don’t let the excitement of a new chapter overshadow the importance of security. Take the proactive step of updating your locks, and enjoy the peace of mind that comes with knowing your home is truly yours. Key Aliked and Master Key Systems It’s great for homeowners with a large number of external doors, and saves you carrying around different keys. Master key For All Locks Here at AJ Locksmiths Leicester we can supply, install and design a Master Key system for your home or business, whether it’s a small or large project, we offer a free quote before work is submitted. For more information, give us a call on 07729 554 332. You can find out more information about our services or AJ Locksmiths here. Furthermore a master key system can greatly improve the security of an organisation by restricting staff access to certain areas, whilst making access to required areas much easier. Many businesses can have staff that work in more than one area e.g. cleaners, caretakers, security staff, delivery staff. Keys can be designed that will only allow access to authorised areas. Commercial Locksmith Services If you own a business in Leicester, and have been locked out or need your business security reviewing, Leicester Locksmiths provides a Commercial Locksmith Leicester service. When working with business clients, we aim to provide you with a confidential and professional service. No matter what security problem you’re have. So if you have a roller shutter that’s broken or won’t lock, or you need extra security added to you doors, we can help you. Furthermore with offer a great price too. We provide a full locksmith service the Leicester and Leicestershire area. We can do a security audit of your business, making sure that everything is in order. Vulnerable areas pointed out and the necessary advice given. No security flaws would be left so burglars can gain access to your business. Commercial Locksmith in Leicester Leicester Locksmiths can supply you with modern, anti snap euro cylinder, push pads and push bars, and security products. So if you are ever in need a commercial locksmith in Leicester or Leicestershire, then contact us today for a free quote, on 07729 554 332. We offer the following services for our business and commercial clients: - Getting you in the building from a broken lock or lost key - Locks changed - Push Bars and push pads - Fire Safety Door Mechanisms When it comes to running a successful business, security is a top priority. Protecting your assets, employees, and customers is essential to maintaining the integrity and reputation of your business. Leicester locksmiths specialize in providing security solutions for businesses of all sizes. They understand the unique needs of commercial properties and can design and implement customized security solutions to meet those needs. Whether you need electronic locks, keyless entry systems, or high-security locks, a commercial locksmith can help. One of the main benefits of using a Leicester locksmiths service is the peace of mind it provides. With a professional locksmith on your side, you can rest assured that your property is secure and protected. Leicester locksmiths can also provide ongoing maintenance and repair services to ensure that your security systems are functioning properly. They can conduct security assessments to identify potential weaknesses and provide recommendations for improvemen At Leicester Locksmiths we also offer a 24 hour emergency locksmith service for you and your business, so why not save our number to your phone or diary today. For emergencies call us on 07729 554 332 or for non emergency situations you can email us at [email protected]. For some free advice. Leicester Locksmiths was founded in 2003. We have over 15 years as a locksmith, with many happy customers over the years. He also has a very technical background, having worked in technical engineering before that. So contact Tony at any time, to discuss your home security problems. We are a reputable locksmith company based in Leicester. Furthermore we provide a range of locksmith services for residential, commercial, including emergency lockouts, key duplication, lock installation, repair services. Furthermore Leicester Locksmiths have over 20 years of experience, their team of skilled and professional locksmiths is available 24/7 to assist clients with all their locksmith needs. We pride themselves on their fast and efficient service, with a focus on customer satisfaction. Leicester Locksmiths use the latest tools and techniques to ensure that locks and security systems are installed and repaired properly. They also offer competitive pricing and free security consultations to help clients make informed decisions about their security needs. Leicester Locksmiths Covers Leicester and Leicestershire We also offer a 24 hours 7 days a week service. This covers all types of locksmith work from, lock-outs to lock changes. We have a no ‘call-out’ fee, no fix no fee and a no call out charge policy. Furthermore our aim is to get to you within one hour. Customer service and value for money is our main focus.We will be with you as soon as possible( normally within one hour). Furthermore your security is our top priority. When you call you can rest assured that there is no hard sell. You will be speaking to a real local locksmith with the knowledge and experience to help you. We will provide you with a professional service at an affordable price and a reliable service. AJ Locksmiths, Our Job Is To Provid You With Solution and Peace Of Mind Solutions with things such as your wooden or UPVC doors and windows, deadbolts and the multitude of locking systems. Now available master key systems as well as safes and working on the security of commercial premises. At Leicester Locksmiths, we understand that your home and family are your top priorities. That’s why we’re committed to providing you with the best possible locksmith services, so you can have peace of mind knowing that your home is safe and secure. Furthermore we offer a wide range of services, including lock installation and repair, key cutting and duplication, security system installation and maintenance, and emergency lockout services. No matter what your locksmith needs are, we’re here to help. Our team of experienced and qualified locksmiths is always up-to-date on the latest tools and technology, so you can be sure that you’re getting the best possible service. We also offer competitive rates and fast turnaround times. But more than anything, we’re committed to providing you with peace of mind. We know that when you have a locksmith issue, it can be stressful and inconvenient. That’s why we’re here to help you every step of the way. So if you have a locksmith need, don’t hesitate to call Leicester Locksmiths today. Hence we’re here to help you get the peace of mind you deserve.

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Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix Facts There are many beautiful mix-breeds today, but the Bernese Mountain Dog – Australian Shepherd Mix is one of the top choices for families. Bernese Mountain dogs have excellent protection and working instincts, while Australian Shepherds have strong herding backgrounds. Mix breeds don’t usually have a single set of personality types, and their attributes heavily depend on the dominating genes. When you’re thinking of getting a Bernese Mountain Dog – Australian Shepherd Mix, consider the individual personality of each breed. 3 Reasons Why You Shouldn’t Get a Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix - Size – This breed leans more to the bigger side, considering how Bernese Mountain Dogs and Australian Shepherds by themselves are massive dogs. If you want a small to medium size dog, then this breed isn’t for you. You’ll need a lot of big space and area for the dog to run and play around. - Activity Level – This breed is the opposite of relaxed and mellow, and they are more on the hyper and active side. If you think you won’t be able to keep up with this breed’s active lifestyle, then it might not be for you. As beautiful and promising the breed looks, you don’t want either of you suffering. Dogs who don’t receive the proper energy they need to start developing destructive behaviors, explaining why some dog owners have chewed up furniture and clothes. - Maintenance – Like many most dogs, this breed requires proper maintenance. You need to regular grooming in order to keep its beautiful coat untangled and not knotted. More Bernese Mountain Dog Mixes Not sure the Australian Shepherd Bernese Mountain Dog is the perfect pup for you? Check out our dog-breeds post with pictures and facts on 30+ different types of Bernese Mountain Dog mixes. Smart pet owners do their research. Check out the most comprehensive breed reviews on the top Bernese Mountain Dog mixes, includes info on health, temperament, price, food, exercise grooming and more. - Husky + Bernese Mountain Dog Mix - Poodle + Bernese Mountain Dog Mix - Labrador + Bernese Mountain Dog Mix - Golden Retriever + Bernese Mountain Dog Mix - Australian Shepherd + Bernese Mountain Dog Mix - Great Pyrenees + Bernese Mountain Dog Mix - Corgi + Bernese Mountain Dog Mix - German Shepherd + Bernese Mountain Dog Mix Other Australian Shepherd Mixes Have your heart set on an Australian Shepherd mix? Check out the top Australian Shepherd mixes in America: - Blue Heeler + Australian Shepherd Mix - Poodle + Australian Shepherd Mix - Pitbull + Australian Shepherd Mix - Lab + Australian Shepherd Mix - Husky + Australian Shepherd Mix - German Shepherd + Australian Shepherd Mix - Corgi + Australian Shepherd Mix - Golden Retriever + Australian Shepherd Mix Best Dog Food for Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix Optimal nutrition for a Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd mix involves a dog food rich in protein, healthy fats, and joint-supporting ingredients to accommodate their large size and active lifestyle. Choose reputable brands that prioritize wholesome ingredients to ensure the well-being and vitality of this unique blend of breeds. - REAL MEAT FIRST: Blue Buffalo foods always feature real meat as the first ingredient; High-quality protein from real chicken helps your dog build and maintain healthy muscles; Plus they contain wholesome whole grains, garden veggies, and fruit - FOR ADULT DOGS: BLUE Life Protection Formula adult dog food contains essential proteins and carbohydrates to help meet the energy needs of adult dogs, and features omega 3 & 6 fatty acids to promote a shiny coat and healthy skin - ANTIOXIDANT-RICH LIFESOURCE BITS: A precise blend of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals carefully selected by holistic veterinarians and animal nutritionists to support immune system health, life stage needs and a healthy oxidative balance - A NATURAL DOG FOOD: BLUE dry dog food is made with the finest natural ingredients enhanced with vitamins and minerals; BLUE contains NO chicken (or poultry) by-product meals, corn, wheat, soy, artificial flavors or preservatives - Real meat first: blue buffalo foods always feature real meat as the first ingredient; high-quality p - For puppy dogs: specially formulated for puppies, blue life protection formula puppy food contains d - Antioxidant-rich lifesource bits: a precise blend of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals carefully s - A natural dog food: blue dry dog foods are made with the finest natural ingredients enhanced with vi - Contains one (1) 5 lb. bag of blue life protection formula puppy dry dog food, lamb and oatmeal - This adult dry dog food promotes digestive health while nourishing skin - A source of prebiotic fiber to support a balanced gut microbiome in your grown dog - This dog food is formulated to be highly digestible for optimal nutrient absorption and easier stool pick up - Packed with vitamin E and Omega 6 fatty acids to help your grown dog get a lustrous coat and healthy skin - Made with natural ingredients 3 Reasons Why You Should Get a Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix This breed is highly lovable, and it’s not surprising why people choose to get a dog like this than others. The Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix has a lot of great personality traits and features which you would want. - Affectionate and always seeking your companion. They always want you by their side, and if you enjoy the company of a good friend around then you’ll enjoy being with this dog. - Protective and Efficient. Since they began as working dogs, you can imagine how good they are at herding animals and protecting them from danger. - Great for families who have an active lifestyle. Active big dogs like this breed need constant attention, stimulation, activity which is why you need to be able to provide these activities. Appearance, Personality, and Traits of a Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix You might be wondering what kind of personality your puppy might take on. There are many possibilities, and they can either have more features of one breed than the other. Regardless, here’s some background of the essential traits of Australian Shepherds and Bernese Mountain Dog. First, let’s settle the fact that Australian Shepherds didn’t come from Australia. The breed has a complicated past, and its lineage can’t be identified with certainty. The breed has gone through various name changes, among the popular ones are “Pastor Dog” or “Spanish Shepherd.” Many believe that Australian Shepherds originated from a region in Spain, and they were primarily used for herding. The breed was valued for its ability to protect the herd from predators, having great guarding instincts. Through many years, Australian Shepherds have been known for the following traits: - Highly energetic and needs a great deal of physical and mental stimulation – perfect for active families. - Gentle-natured and non-aggressive – this requires early socialization with strangers - Highly intelligent and independent; - Runs at a reasonable speed, and have high energy and endurance levels; Bernese Mountain Dog Unlike Australian Shepherds, the lineage of Bernese Mountain Dogs is easy to trace. They come from Switzerland and are a valuable asset in driving cows to and from mountain pastures. Bernese mountain dogs are powerful considering how they’re often used to pull milk carts, and they’re also well-known for being great guard dogs. Here are some of the favorite traits of Bernese Mountain Dogs: - Gentle-natured and non-aggressive – sometimes they are overly shy which is why they need to learn how to socialize during their puppy stages. - Highly obedient but can also be hardheaded many times. - Steady-tempered and easy going – perfect for families with small children. - Strives in places with cold weather – their thick black coat means hot climates is an instant no. Personality Traits and Features of Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix |Male: 30 – 40 kg Female: 26 – 36 kg |Male: 58 – 64 cm Female: 52 – 60 cm |Long and silky, double coated |Combination of white, brown, black, and tan |Amount of Shedding |Affectionate, Intelligent, Faithful, Loyal, and Protective The two breeds don’t exactly have the same personality type, but together they make the right combination. You can expect a lovely temperament, and they’re pretty good natured. Both breeds exhibit the same trait of being unable to socialize around strangers, and you can fix during their puppy years. Another important feature you need to know is that they are highly energetic, and you need constant physical activity. Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix Puppies for Sale Getting your Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix as puppies can help you avoid any complications, and here’s why: - You Get a Health Guarantee from the Breeder It’s equally essential for you to know where the puppies came from so that they can guarantee their fitness. Getting a mix breed, especially from a stranger, beyond its puppy years may be hard to determine its right breed and health condition. If you don’t consider the breeder at all, you’ll be left with a guessing game — another important thing about getting your puppies from a reliable breeder if you have legal documents evidencing your puppies’ health. - Eliminate potential Hazards or Reduce them Getting your dog as puppies gives you more time to be aware and educated of what kind of health maintenance your puppy needs. You’re there throughout the journey of your puppy, and you can watch over it as it grows to adulthood. Grooming your Bernese Mountain Dog and Australian Shepherd Mix Both Bernese Mountain Dog and Australian Shepherd are very hairy dogs. They have incredibly long hair, and they shed like crazy especially during shedding season. This means that you can expect a lot of shedding, and a lot of contaminated clothes. Managing this isn’t hard, and here’s what you can do: - Brush them every day or at least a few times a week – this prevents their fur from clumping and getting knotted from each other. - Give them regular baths – their hair is long, and keeping them unwashed encourages germ and bacteria build up. - Use anti-tick shampoo’s and products – since their fur is so long, you won’t be able to tell if they have tiny ticks running around their hair. - Trim the hairs on their paw, so they don’t step on it and trim their nails regularly. - Finally, invest in a good vacuum to help you clean up loose furs flying around. Grooming big breeds, especially with long hair can be very troublesome. You can opt to send them to a groomer, but make sure that the groomers know what they’re doing. Most importantly, the groomers should at least know how to handle the temperament of your dog. Bernese Mountain Dog and Australian Shepherd Mix Health Problems All dogs require some health maintenance, and as dog owners, we don’t want them getting sick. Most importantly, all dogs have the propensity of developing some genetic health problems as they age. Mix breed dogs are no exception, and often they are more susceptible to some issues than others. It can be attributed to the fact that they are running on more than one gene, in addition to the usual complications their breed usually faces. Some of the common health problems which Bernese Mountain Dog and Australian Shepherd Mix are often prone to are the following: - Joint dysplasia – this is one of the most common ailments for big breed dogs. Some signs can manifest even while the dog is still young, and here are some symptoms you need to watch out for: - Decreased activity or problems with standing quickly; - Inability to run, jump, or climb stairs properly; - Discomfort in the hip area. - Eye problems – left untreated, eye problems can leave your dog blind. There are different reasons for your dog to have difficulty, but all of them can be treated and prevented. Here are some common symptoms: - Crusty eyes and increase in mucus build up in the eye; - White formation on the iris. - Allergies – this can be treated quickly, and some of the common causes involve the food and environment of the dog. This needs to be addressed immediately before it becomes severe. Here’s what you need to watch out for: - Itching all over the skin or in an isolated area – in some instances, the hair in the area fall off; - Constant coughing, sneezing or wheezing – this can lead to respiratory systems in the future. Bernese Mountain Dog and Australian Shepherd Mix Food Requirements Feeding your dog can sometimes feel like rocket science. Not all diet works for the same breed of dog, and many of them have dietary requirements. For a breed like this one, you need to consider getting them fish oil and glucosamine and chondroitin supplements or a diet which promotes these. Since the breed is prone to joint dysplasia, targeting a diet that can reduce this risk is very helpful. You also need to be mindful about the amount of food you give them. This breed is huge, but that doesn’t mean you should provide them with a lot of food. If there’s one thing you shouldn’t do, its overfeeding them since it might encourage other health problems to manifest, besides joint dysplasia. If you aren’t sure with where to begin, start your dogs with a raw food diet. A raw diet consists of uncooked meat, vegetables, and bones, and it’s one of the most natural and healthiest ways to feed your dog. Here are some well-known benefits the raw diet can help with: - Healthier Teeth and Gums – Gnawing on actual bones prevents plaque build-up. Moreover, munching on bones are a good source of calcium. - Lean and Strong Body Build – A raw diet ensures that your dog’s body stays lean and robust, especially since your dog consumes more protein. Having a lean body boosts your dog’s immune system and lower blood pressure. - Less Likely to Develop Cancer – Processed dog food has a lot of preservatives and unknown ingredients. Often the ingredients are mixed with too many toxins, which end up being hazardous to your dog’s health. There are a few ways to promote your dog’s health, from endless love to their nutrition. Give your dog a lot of affection but also make sure that only the top-quality food ends up in their bowls. While you should always opt for the best dry dog food brands as well as Wellness Core Dog Food, Dog For Dog Food, or Nutra Thrive dog food supplement, don’t let the worst dry dog food wind up on your shelves. If you’re looking for the best food brand for your puppy, you might find some ideas in best puppy food brands. Older canines usually require the pet food made specifically for them, so take a look at best senior dry dog food brands. The genes they inherited from their parents can have a lot of influence on their personality and taste. Don’t hesitate to try best dry dog food for small dogs or best large breed dry dog food, your hairy companion might end up loving it. Of course, it’s always advisable to check with your vet if you should change the diet of your pooch. Bernese Mountain Dog and Australian Shepherd Mix Exercise Requirements Before your dog gets tired, you need to tire yourself out first. Bernese Mountain Dogs and Australian Shepherd Mix are energetic and hyper dogs, especially since they’re both working dogs. Giving them proper exercise inhibits their propensity to be destructive. Getting them to exercise is pretty straightforward: - Take them to long walks or hikes to keep their energy levels stable – the mix as higher energy levels than most, so be prepared for a very long walk and hike. - Set play dates with other dogs who have the same energy levels – this is a good way not to tire yourself out. However, be on the lookout for any aggressive behavior. - Give them toys to play with, not just physically but mentally. Bernese Mountain Dog and Australian Shepherd Mix Training This type of mix breed is brilliant and very easy to train. However, training can become hard at times since this mix breed combination can also be very stubborn. You need to start the training while they are still puppies, so they know to listen to you. Keep in mind the following tips in training them: - Have a strong and firm hand and establish dominance – you need to assert yourself and show them they need to listen. - Give them positive reinforcements – you want to be assertive, but at the same time, you want to give them positive reinforcements to reward their good behavior. Dogs respond better with positivity like praises, treats, and pets. - Give mental and physical challenges – the breed is highly intelligent, and you need to stimulate their minds as well. Doing this helps you train them better in the future. - Socialize them with other dogs and people – this breed is pretty shy around strangers, and it’s better to expose them around others at a young age. Bernese Mountain Dog and Australian Shepherd Mix and Families This type of breed is perfect for any active family. A family who enjoys the great outdoors, playing games, and hiking around. You won’t have any problems when it comes to this type of breed and children, because these dogs are very good natured. They have a good temperament despite being active and protect and guard your children as any parent would. This type of dog is perfect for a family with a lot of children, considering how this mix loves attention. The mix is a perfect companion for children who want a constant playmate in their life. (FAQs) about Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes: What is a Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix? A Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix is a crossbreed resulting from the mating of a Bernese Mountain Dog with an Australian Shepherd. This mix combines the distinctive traits of both parent breeds. What is the size and appearance of Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes? Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes are typically medium to large-sized dogs with a sturdy build. They may inherit the Bernese Mountain Dog’s tri-color coat and markings along with the Australian Shepherd’s expressive eyes. What is the temperament of Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes? These mixes are known for their intelligence, loyalty, and friendly nature. They may exhibit a gentle and affectionate demeanor, combining the Bernese Mountain Dog’s calmness with the Australian Shepherd’s energy. How much exercise do Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes need? Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes are generally active and require regular exercise to keep them physically and mentally stimulated. Daily walks, playtime, and activities that engage their intelligence are important for their well-being. Are Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes good with children and other pets? When properly socialized, these mixes can be excellent family pets. They are usually good with children and may get along with other pets, showcasing their adaptable and friendly nature. What is the grooming routine for Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes? Grooming requirements depend on the coat type inherited from both parent breeds. Regular brushing, especially during shedding seasons, and attention to ear cleaning are essential for their overall well-being. Do Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes have specific health concerns? They may inherit health issues from both Bernese Mountain Dogs and Australian Shepherds. Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for preventive care, and potential concerns may include hip dysplasia and certain eye conditions. How trainable are Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes? Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes are generally intelligent and trainable. Positive reinforcement methods, consistency, and early socialization contribute to their well-behaved nature. What is the lifespan of Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes? The average lifespan of Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mixes is typically around 10 to 14 years with proper care, nutrition, and regular veterinary attention. What are some considerations for potential Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix owners? Prospective owners should be prepared for a loving and versatile companion. Understanding the needs of both parent breeds, including exercise requirements, grooming, and potential health issues, is crucial for providing a happy and suitable home for a Bernese Mountain Dog Australian Shepherd Mix. - Ricketts, Sally L., et al. “A Novel Locus on Canine Chromosome 13 Is Associated with Cataract in the Australian Shepherd Breed of Domestic Dog.” Mammalian Genome, vol. 26, no. 5-6, 19 Apr. 2015, pp. 257–263., doi:10.1007/s00335-015-9562-2. - Thaiwong, T., et al. “Gain-of-Function Mutation in PTPN11 in Histiocytic Sarcomas of Bernese Mountain Dogs.” Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, vol. 16, no. 2, 20 Sept. 2017, pp. 220–228., doi:10.1111/vco.12357. - Coile, D. Caroline. Australian Shepherds. Barrons, 2009. - Guenter, Bernd. The Bernese Mountain Dog: a Dog of Destiny. Doral Pub., 2004.

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How to find the best love problem solution astrologer Unlocking Love’s Secrets: Finding the Perfect Love Problem Solution Astrologer How to find the best love problem solution astrologer Love is a beautiful feeling that has the power to change your life forever. However, it can also be a source of stress and heartbreak if things don’t go as planned. If you’re experiencing love problems and need help finding a solution, a love problem solution astrologer can be your savior. Astrology has been used for centuries to help people navigate their love lives and understand their relationships. With the help of a love problem solution astrologer, you can unlock the secrets of your love life and find solutions to your problems. In this blog post, we will explore the benefits of consulting a love problem solution astrologer and how to find the perfect one for you. From understanding the role of astrology in love to finding the right astrologer for your needs, we’ve got you covered. Read on to learn how to unlock the secrets of your love life. 1. Introduction to love problem solution astrology Love, the most beautiful yet complex emotion, has the power to bring immense happiness and fulfillment into our lives. However, it is not uncommon to encounter obstacles and challenges on the path to a blissful and harmonious love life. This is where the ancient wisdom of love problem solution astrology comes into play. Love problem solution astrology is a branch of astrology that focuses specifically on addressing the challenges and issues faced in matters of the heart. From compatibility issues and misunderstandings to separation and unrequited love, love problem solution astrology offers profound insights and guidance to navigate through these murky waters. Astrology, as a science, believes that the celestial bodies and their positions at the time of our birth have a profound influence on our personalities, relationships, and life events. This cosmic influence can be analyzed and interpreted to gain a deeper understanding of our love life and the obstacles we may face. A love problem solution astrologer is a skilled and experienced professional who possesses deep knowledge of astrology and specializes in providing solutions and guidance for love-related issues. They possess the expertise to analyze birth charts, planetary positions, and other astrological factors to uncover the root causes of love problems and suggest effective remedies. Whether you are struggling with a broken heart, longing for a soulmate, or experiencing difficulties in your existing relationship, consulting a love problem solution astrologer can provide you with valuable insights and guidance. Their astrological remedies can help you overcome obstacles, attract love, foster harmony, and strengthen your bond with your partner. In this blog series, we will delve deeper into the fascinating world of love problem solution astrology. We will explore various aspects of this ancient wisdom, including compatibility analysis, astrology remedies, love spells, and more. By unlocking the secrets of love problem solution astrology, you will be equipped with the knowledge and tools to find the perfect astrologer who can help you navigate the intricate labyrinth of love and discover the happiness and fulfillment you seek. Stay tuned for our upcoming articles, where we will share valuable tips, case studies, and success stories to inspire and guide you on your journey towards finding the perfect love problem solution astrologer. Let the stars illuminate your path to everlasting love! 2. Understanding the role of astrology in matters of the heart Astrology has been a source of fascination and guidance for centuries. Its influence is not limited to just predicting the future or understanding one’s personality traits, but it also plays a significant role in matters of the heart. Love, relationships, and finding the perfect partner are some of the most sought-after aspects of life, and astrology offers valuable insights and solutions in this realm. Astrology believes that the positioning and alignment of celestial bodies at the time of a person’s birth can have a profound impact on their love life. It suggests that these celestial energies can influence compatibility, attraction, and even the challenges that individuals may face in their romantic relationships. By studying the placement of planets, zodiac signs, and other astrological factors, an experienced love problem solution astrologer can provide valuable guidance and advice. They can analyze the unique birth charts of individuals to shed light on their romantic prospects, compatibility with potential partners, and even the timing of significant events in their love life. One of the key aspects of astrology in matters of the heart is identifying and understanding love compatibility. The astrologer can determine the compatibility between two individuals by comparing their birth charts and analyzing the planetary aspects that govern love and relationships. This knowledge can help individuals make informed decisions about their romantic prospects and find partners who are likely to be harmonious and compatible with them. Astrology also offers insights into the challenges and obstacles that individuals may face in their love life. Whether it’s overcoming communication issues, resolving conflicts, or dealing with emotional patterns, an experienced love problem solution astrologer can provide guidance and remedies to navigate through these challenges. They may suggest specific rituals, gemstones, or mantras to help individuals attract love, strengthen existing relationships, and overcome love-related hurdles. Understanding the role of astrology in matters of the heart opens up a world of possibilities for individuals seeking love and relationship solutions. It provides a holistic approach that takes into account the cosmic energies and their influence on our romantic lives. Consulting a reliable love problem solution astrologer can offer valuable insights, guidance, and remedies to unlock the secrets of love and find lasting happiness in relationships. 3. Signs that you may need a love problem solution astrologer Love can be a beautiful and fulfilling experience, but it is not without its challenges. Sometimes, despite our best efforts, we find ourselves facing difficulties in our love lives that we simply can’t overcome on our own. This is where a love problem solution astrologer can come to the rescue. But how do you know if you truly need the assistance of an astrologer to solve your love problems? There are some signs that can indicate that seeking guidance from an astrologer may be the right step for you. Firstly, if you find yourself constantly facing conflicts and misunderstandings in your relationship, it may be a sign that there are deeper issues at play. A love problem solution astrologer can analyze your birth charts and provide insights into the compatibility of you and your partner, helping you understand the root causes of your conflicts. Secondly, if you have been experiencing a prolonged period of dissatisfaction or unhappiness in your love life, it may be a sign that there are cosmic factors influencing your relationship. An astrologer can study the planetary positions and transits to offer guidance on how to navigate these challenging times and restore harmony in your relationship. Another sign that you may benefit from the expertise of a love problem solution astrologer is if you are facing obstacles in finding a suitable partner. Despite your best efforts, if you are struggling to attract the right person or are repeatedly encountering failed relationships, astrology can provide valuable insights into the reasons behind this pattern and offer remedies to attract true love. Lastly, if you are at a crossroads in your love life and are unsure about whether to commit or move on, an astrologer can provide guidance based on the analysis of your birth chart. They can shed light on the potential outcomes of different decisions and help you make a well-informed choice. In conclusion, if you resonate with any of these signs, it may be time to seek the assistance of a love problem solution astrologer. They have the knowledge and expertise to unravel the mysteries of love and provide you with the guidance and solutions you need to create a fulfilling and harmonious love life. 4. Qualities to look for in a love problem solution astrologer When it comes to matters of the heart, finding the right guidance is crucial. If you are facing love problems and seeking the assistance of an astrologer to help you find a solution, it is essential to choose someone who possesses certain qualities. Here are some key qualities to look for in a love problem solution astrologer: 1. Expertise: The astrologer should have a deep understanding of astrology and its various branches, especially in relation to love and relationships. They should be well-versed in analyzing birth charts, planetary positions, and other astrological factors that can influence love matters. 2. Experience: Experience is invaluable when it comes to solving love problems through astrology. Look for an astrologer who has a proven track record of successfully helping individuals navigate through their love challenges. Their experience will enable them to provide accurate insights and effective remedies. 3. Empathy: Dealing with love problems can be emotionally challenging, and it is essential to find an astrologer who is empathetic and understanding. A compassionate astrologer will not only provide guidance but will also lend a listening ear and offer support during difficult times. 4. Confidentiality: Love problems often involve sensitive and personal information. It is crucial to choose an astrologer who respects your privacy and maintains strict confidentiality. This ensures that you can freely share your concerns without the fear of your personal matters being disclosed. 5. Effective Communication: A good astrologer should be able to communicate complex astrological concepts in a clear and understandable manner. They should have excellent communication skills and be able to explain the intricacies of your love problem and the proposed solutions in a way that resonates with you. 6. Ethical Practices: Look for an astrologer who follows ethical practices and does not engage in any fraudulent or unethical activities. They should provide genuine guidance and not exploit your vulnerabilities for personal gain. By considering these qualities, you can find a love problem solution astrologer who can provide you with the guidance and support you need to overcome your love challenges and unlock the secrets of love. Remember, finding the right astrologer can make a significant difference in resolving your love problems and leading you towards a happier and more fulfilling love life. 5. How to find a reputable and reliable love problem solution astrologer When it comes to matters of the heart, finding a reputable and reliable love problem solution astrologer is crucial. With so many self-proclaimed astrologers out there, it can be challenging to separate the genuine ones from the charlatans. However, with a little research and careful consideration, you can find an astrologer who can truly help you navigate the complexities of love. First and foremost, seek recommendations from trusted sources. Friends, family members, or colleagues who have sought the assistance of an astrologer for love problems can provide valuable insights and guide you towards a trustworthy professional. Their personal experiences can give you an idea of the astrologer’s expertise and effectiveness. Next, conduct thorough background research on the astrologer you are considering. Look for their credentials, certifications, and years of experience in the field. A reputable astrologer will have a strong foundation of knowledge and a track record of successfully helping individuals with their love problems. It is also important to check if the astrologer follows an ethical code of conduct. Do they prioritize the well-being and privacy of their clients? Are they transparent about their methods and the limitations of astrology? These factors can help gauge the credibility and integrity of the astrologer. Reading reviews and testimonials from past clients can provide further insight into the astrologer’s abilities and professionalism. Look for reviews that specifically mention their expertise in solving love problems. Positive feedback and success stories from individuals who have found solace and resolution through the astrologer’s guidance can be a positive indication. Lastly, trust your intuition. When consulting with the astrologer, pay attention to your gut feelings. Do you feel comfortable and at ease discussing your love problems with them? A genuine and reliable astrologer will create a safe and empathetic space for you to share your concerns and seek guidance. Finding a reputable and reliable love problem solution astrologer may require some effort, but the rewards of finding the right person to help you navigate the complexities of love are immeasurable. By following these guidelines and conducting thorough research, you can unlock the secrets of love with the guidance of a trusted astrologer. 6. The importance of compatibility in relationships and how astrology can help When it comes to relationships, compatibility plays a crucial role in determining the success and longevity of a partnership. It’s no secret that every individual is unique, with their own set of strengths, weaknesses, and personality traits. And when two people come together, these differences can either complement each other or clash, leading to conflicts and misunderstandings. This is where astrology can offer valuable insights and guidance. Astrology is an ancient practice that studies the positions and movements of celestial bodies to interpret their influence on human behavior and relationships. By analyzing the birth charts of two individuals, an astrologer can uncover their compatibility and potential challenges they may face as a couple. The importance of compatibility cannot be overstated. It goes beyond mere attraction or shared interests. It delves into the deeper aspects of a relationship, such as emotional connection, communication style, values, and long-term goals. Astrology provides a framework to understand these dynamics and offers practical solutions to address any discrepancies. An experienced love problem solution astrologer can assess the planetary positions in both partners’ birth charts and identify areas of harmony and discord. They can provide insights on how each person’s unique traits may impact the relationship and offer suggestions on how to navigate potential conflicts. For example, if one partner values stability and security while the other craves adventure and spontaneity, an astrologer can guide them on finding a balance that satisfies both needs. They can suggest activities or compromises that allow each individual to express themselves while respecting the other’s desires. Additionally, astrology can shed light on the timing of a relationship, helping individuals understand the natural ebbs and flows that occur over time. It can offer guidance on when to take important steps, such as getting engaged, moving in together, or starting a family. While astrology should not be considered a sole determinant of relationship compatibility, it can certainly serve as a valuable tool in understanding oneself and one’s partner better. It fosters self-awareness, empathy, and a deeper appreciation for the unique qualities each person brings to the relationship. Ultimately, finding the perfect love problem solution astrologer can help couples unlock the secrets of their compatibility, navigate challenges, and build a stronger, more fulfilling partnership. It is an investment in understanding and nurturing the bonds of love, leading to greater harmony and happiness in the journey of love. 7. Common love problems and how astrology can provide solutions Love problems can be complex and emotionally challenging to navigate. Whether it’s a lack of compatibility, communication issues, trust concerns, or unresolved conflicts, many individuals find themselves seeking guidance to overcome these obstacles and find true happiness in their relationships. Astrology, an ancient practice that examines the alignment and positioning of celestial bodies, has long been used to gain insights into various aspects of life, including matters of the heart. When it comes to love problems, astrology can offer valuable insights and potential solutions. One common love problem is a lack of compatibility between partners. Astrology can analyze the birth charts of both individuals to determine their astrological compatibility. By examining the zodiac signs, planetary positions, and aspects between the planets, an experienced astrologer can shed light on the potential challenges and compatibility factors within a relationship. This knowledge can help individuals make informed decisions about their love life and take necessary steps to improve compatibility. Communication breakdowns are another frequent issue in relationships. Astrology can provide insights into the communication styles and tendencies of individuals based on their zodiac signs. By understanding each partner’s communication preferences, an astrologer can guide couples on how to effectively communicate and bridge any gaps in understanding. This can lead to improved communication, increased emotional connection, and ultimately, a healthier relationship. Trust issues can also plague relationships and create significant challenges. Astrology can help identify the underlying causes of trust issues by analyzing the planetary positions related to trust and commitment. An astrologer can provide guidance on how to rebuild trust, heal past wounds, and establish a foundation of trust moving forward. Furthermore, astrology can assist in resolving unresolved conflicts within relationships. By examining the birth charts of both partners, an astrologer can identify potential triggers, underlying dynamics, and patterns that contribute to conflicts. This understanding allows individuals to address these issues consciously and work towards finding resolutions that bring harmony and peace. In conclusion, astrology offers valuable insights and potential solutions to common love problems. By seeking the guidance of a skilled and experienced love problem solution astrologer, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of their relationships, overcome obstacles, and unlock the secrets to finding lasting love and happiness. 8. What to expect in a love problem solution astrology session When seeking the assistance of a love problem solution astrologer, it’s natural to wonder what to expect during a session. These sessions are designed to provide guidance and solutions to the challenges you may be facing in your love life. Firstly, you can expect a warm and welcoming environment where you can freely express your concerns and share your experiences. Love problem solution astrologers are experienced professionals who understand the complexities of relationships and the emotions involved. They will listen to you attentively, without judgment, and create a safe space for you to open up. During the session, the astrologer will analyze your birth chart and examine the planetary positions at the time of your birth. This detailed analysis helps them understand the influence of celestial bodies on your love life and provides insights into the challenges you may be facing. The astrologer will then ask you specific questions about your relationship, such as the nature of your problems, your expectations, and the dynamics between you and your partner. This information allows them to gain a deeper understanding of your situation and tailor their advice accordingly. Based on their observations and analysis, the love problem solution astrologer will provide you with personalized guidance and practical solutions. They may suggest rituals, remedies, or changes in behavior or mindset that can positively impact your love life. It’s important to remember that astrology is not about predicting the future or forcing outcomes. Instead, it helps you gain clarity, understand patterns, and make informed decisions. The love problem solution astrologer will empower you to take charge of your own love life and make choices that align with your desires and values. Overall, a love problem solution astrology session is a collaborative and empowering experience. It offers you the opportunity to gain valuable insights, explore solutions, and work towards a more fulfilling and harmonious love life. 9. Real-life success stories of individuals who found love solutions through astrology Astrology has been a guiding light for countless individuals seeking love solutions. The power of the celestial bodies and their influence on our lives has intrigued humans for centuries. Whether it be finding a compatible partner, resolving relationship conflicts, or reigniting the flame of love, astrology has proven to be a trusted companion in matters of the heart. Real-life success stories serve as a testament to the transformative impact astrology can have on love and relationships. Take the case of Sarah, a young woman who had been struggling to find her soulmate. Frustrated with a string of unsuccessful relationships, she turned to astrology as a last resort. Through careful analysis of her birth chart and compatibility readings, an experienced love problem solution astrologer helped Sarah identify the qualities she should seek in a partner. Armed with this newfound knowledge, Sarah navigated the dating world with clarity and eventually found a deep connection with a partner who embodied the characteristics outlined by her astrologer. Another remarkable story comes from Mark and Lisa, a couple who had been facing severe relationship challenges. Constant arguments, lack of understanding, and growing resentment had pushed them to the brink of separation. Seeking guidance, they sought the expertise of a love problem solution astrologer who meticulously examined their birth charts. By identifying the underlying astrological factors contributing to their conflicts, the astrologer provided valuable insights and effective remedies to restore harmony in their relationship. Mark and Lisa’s relationship underwent a remarkable transformation as they learned to communicate better, empathize with each other’s needs, and embrace the power of astrological guidance. These real-life success stories highlight the immense potential astrology holds in unraveling the mysteries of love. While skeptics may question its validity, the experiences of individuals who have found love solutions through astrology cannot be dismissed. It is important to approach astrology with an open mind, understanding that it is not a magical solution to all relationship woes but rather a tool for self-discovery and understanding. If you find yourself at a crossroads in matters of love, seeking the guidance of a professional love problem solution astrologer may provide the clarity and direction you need. By delving into the depths of your birth chart and analyzing astrological compatibility, you can uncover hidden insights about yourself and your potential partners. These insights can empower you to make informed decisions, attract compatible partners, and nurture fulfilling relationships. Remember, astrology is not a one-size-fits-all solution, but rather a personalized roadmap to guide you on your quest for love. By embracing the wisdom of the stars and the expertise of an experienced astrologer, you can unlock the secrets of love and embark on a journey towards lasting happiness and fulfillment. 10. Conclusion and final thoughts on utilizing astrology for love problem solutions In conclusion, astrology can be a valuable tool for finding love problem solutions. It offers insights into the complexities of human relationships and provides guidance on how to navigate through various challenges. By understanding the cosmic energies and planetary influences, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and our partners. However, it is important to approach astrology with an open mind and use it as a complementary tool alongside effective communication, self-reflection, and personal growth. Astrology should not be solely relied upon to solve all love problems, but rather used as a guide to enhance our understanding and make informed decisions. Finding the perfect love problem solution astrologer requires careful consideration and research. Look for someone with a strong background in astrology, preferably with specific expertise in relationship matters. Seek recommendations from trusted sources or read online reviews to ensure their credibility. Remember, astrology is a vast field with various branches and techniques. Each astrologer may have their own unique approach and methods. It is essential to find someone who resonates with you and understands your specific needs. Ultimately, the power to find love problem solutions lies within ourselves. Astrology can provide valuable insights and guidance, but it is up to us to take the necessary actions and make the necessary changes in our lives. By combining astrology with self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and a willingness to grow, we can unlock the secrets of love and create fulfilling and harmonious relationships. So, embrace the wisdom of the stars and embark on a journey of self-discovery and love. Utilize astrology as a tool to deepen your understanding, improve communication, and find the solutions that will lead to a more fulfilling and joyful love life. We hope you found our blog post on finding the perfect love problem solution astrologer helpful in your quest for love and happiness. Love can be a complicated journey, and sometimes we need a little guidance and support along the way. By following the steps we outlined, you can find a reliable and trustworthy astrologer who can provide the insight and advice you need to navigate your love life. Remember, love is a beautiful and transformative experience, and with the right astrologer by your side, you can unlock the secrets to finding lasting love. When searching for the best love problem solution astrologer, individuals often have specific questions about the process. Here are some frequently asked questions (FAQs) to guide you in finding the right astrologer for your love-related concerns: - What qualities should I look for in a love problem solution astrologer? - Look for qualities such as experience, expertise in relationship astrology, ethical practices, good communication skills, and a positive reputation. - How can I find the best love problem solution astrologer? - Explore online platforms, read reviews, seek recommendations from friends or family, and consider astrologers with a strong online presence and positive client testimonials. - Is certification or formal training important for an astrologer? - While certification or formal training can be beneficial, practical experience and a proven track record are equally important. Consider both qualifications and practical expertise when choosing an astrologer. - What questions should I ask a love problem solution astrologer before consulting? - Inquire about their experience with love and relationship astrology, the approach they take, the types of remedies they recommend, and any specific methods or techniques they use in their consultations. - Is it necessary to consult an astrologer in person, or are online consultations effective? - Online consultations are often as effective as in-person ones. Many reputable astrologers offer online services, providing convenience and accessibility for individuals. - Do astrologers offer free consultations, and are they reliable? - Some astrologers may offer free initial consultations as a way to introduce their services. However, the reliability of free consultations varies, and it’s important to assess the astrologer’s expertise and approach. - Can I find the best astrologer through online reviews and testimonials? - Online reviews and testimonials can provide insights into an astrologer’s reputation and client satisfaction. Consider both positive and constructive feedback to make an informed decision. - How can I ensure the legitimacy of an astrologer’s services? - Verify the astrologer’s credentials, check for reviews from reputable sources, and ensure they adhere to ethical practices. Legitimate astrologers are transparent about their methods and fees. - What information do I need to provide for a love problem solution consultation? - Be prepared to share accurate birth details (date, time, and place) for yourself and your partner. Accurate information is crucial for a precise astrological analysis. - Can astrologers guarantee success in solving love problems? - Genuine astrologers do not guarantee specific outcomes. They provide insights, guidance, and potential remedies based on astrological principles. Success depends on individual efforts and circumstances. - Is it necessary to believe in astrology for it to work? - While belief can enhance the experience, it is not mandatory. Astrologers often present insights in a way that is accessible to individuals, regardless of their level of belief in astrology. - Are there specific red flags to watch out for when choosing an astrologer? - Be cautious of astrologers who make unrealistic promises, ask for excessive fees upfront, or use fear-based tactics. Trustworthy astrologers maintain transparency and ethical standards. Finding the best love problem solution astrologer requires careful consideration and research. It’s essential to choose an astrologer who resonates with you, maintains ethical practices, and has a track record of providing valuable insights and guidance in love-related matters. How to find the best love problem solution astrologer

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Table of Contents Read the most important current affairs of 23 February 2024. Today Current Affairs covers the headlines on America’s Odysseus Spacecraft, Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT), Women Safety Scheme till 2025-26. Top 26 Current Affairs and News Headlines of 23 February 2024 1.India Sends Sacred Relics of Buddha to Thailand - In a significant event that marks a deep connection between India and Thailand, four revered relics of Lord Buddha and his disciples have arrived in Bangkok, Thailand, accompanied by a delegation from India. - The delegation, led by Governor of Bihar Shri Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar and Union Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment Dr. Virendra Kumar, includes esteemed monks, officials, curators, artists, and scholars. - The holy relics were received with great reverence and ceremony at Bangkok Military Airport by H.E Mr. Sermsak Pongpanit, Minister of Culture, Royal Thai Government, and other dignitaries. 2.CJI Chandrachud Inaugurates Ayush Wellness Center At Supreme Court Premises - The Chief Justice of India, Justice DY Chandrachud, inaugurated the ‘Ayush Holistic Wellness Centre’ within the premises of the Supreme Court of India. - The Ayush Holistic Wellness Centre situated within the Supreme Court premises is a facility designed to provide comprehensive care addressing physical, mental, and emotional well-being. - An important aspect of the inauguration was the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Supreme Court and the All-India Institute of Ayurveda. 3.PM Modi to Lay Foundation For 550 Amrit Bharat Stations - Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to inaugurate the foundation stone laying ceremony for 550 Amrit Bharat stations on February 26. - The initiative aims to improve railway station facilities by developing rooftop plazas and city centers, with an investment of Rs 40,000 crore. - Additionally, the Prime Minister will lay foundation stones for about 1,500 road overbridges and underbridges across different states. 4.India’s Mineral Output Rises by 5.1% in December 2023 - In December 2023, India’s mineral output witnessed a notable increase of 5.1% compared to the same period in 2022, according to the Ministry of Mines. - The mining and quarrying sector’s index of mineral production for December reached 139.4, marking a significant rise from the previous year. - The production of coal reached 929 lakh tonnes, lignite 40 lakh tonnes, iron ore 255 lakh tonnes, and limestone 372 lakh tonnes in December. Positive growth was observed in the production of lignite, limestone, coal, bauxite, and natural gas. 5.Sri Lanka To Host Geeta Mahotsav’s 5th edition From March 1 - The International Gita Mahotsav (IGM), a celebration deeply rooted in the spiritual and cultural heritage of India, is set to embark on a new journey as it finds its foreign soil in Sri Lanka. - Scheduled from March 1 to 3, the fifth edition of the IGM promises to be a grand affair, bringing together devotees and enthusiasts from around the world. - Having previously been held in Mauritius, London, Canada, and Australia, the Mahotsav’s expansion into Sri Lanka reflects its growing global appeal. 6.Trilateral Exercise ‘Dosti-16’ Kicks Off In Maldives - Indian and Sri Lankan coast guard ships joined the Dosti 16 exercise held in the Maldives from February 22-25. - This year marked a significant development with Bangladesh participating as an observer, indicating a widening scope for the exercise and underlining the growing importance of maritime collaboration in tackling evolving challenges. - By fostering cooperation, the exercise addresses traditional security concerns while collectively preparing for non-traditional threats like piracy, smuggling, and environmental disasters. 7.India Approves Acquisition Of BrahMos Extended Range Supersonic Cruise Missiles For Navy - The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) has approved the acquisition of over 200 BrahMos Extended Range (ER) supersonic cruise missiles for deployment on Indian Navy warships. - The deal, valued at ₹19,000 crore, signifies a significant step towards bolstering India’s naval capabilities. The BrahMos ER variant boasts an extended range of 400 to 500 km, significantly augmenting the Navy’s operational reach. - A formal agreement between BrahMos Aerospace and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is anticipated to be signed early next month to initiate the process of inducting these weapons into the Indian Navy. 8.India Ratings Forecasts Moderation in GDP Growth to 6.5% for FY25 - India Ratings and Research projects a moderation in India’s GDP growth to 6.5% for the financial year 2024-25, slightly lower than the Reserve Bank of India’s estimate of 7%. - Despite the base effect, the agency notes positive indicators for economic recovery including sustained government capital expenditure, healthy corporate performance, and softness in global commodity prices. - Cites sustained government capital expenditure, healthy corporate performance, and global commodity price trends as factors contributing to economic recovery. 9.Flash Composite PMI Hits 7-Month High in February at 61.5: Reveals Positive Trends Despite Job Market Concerns - The Flash Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for India, compiled by HSBC, reached a seven-month high of 61.5 in February, indicating strong performance in both manufacturing and services sectors. - Composite PMI rose to 61.5 in February from 61.2 in January, reflecting improved performance in manufacturing and services. Flash Manufacturing PMI increased to 60.4, up from 59.7 in January. - Private sector companies refrained from hiring, ending a 20-month streak of job creation. Despite growing new orders, payroll numbers remained unchanged, highlighting workforce sufficiency for current demands 10.India Surpasses China as HSBC’s Third-Largest Profit Hub - In 2023, India surpassed China to become HSBC’s third-largest profit hub, showcasing a remarkable surge in profitability. - The fiscal year ending December 2023 saw India’s profits soar by 25% to reach an impressive $1.5 billion. HSBC’s annual report for the fiscal year ending December 2023 unveiled key insights into India’s exceptional performance. - Anticipated credit loss provisions decreased significantly from $90 million in 2022 to $51 million in 2023, contributing to improved profitability. Important Days News 11.Guru Ravidas Jayanti 2024 - Guru Ravidas Jayanti 2024, marks the 647th anniversary of the birth of Guru Ravidas, observed on February 23rd. Guru Ravidas, also known as Raidas, stands as one of the eminent saints of the North Indian Bhakti movement. - Born into a marginalized untouchable leather-working caste in Varanasi, his life and works profoundly reflect the challenges and struggles of his social background. - Guru Ravidas, also known as Raidas, was an Indian mystic poet-saint who lived during the 15th to 16th century CE. Revered as a guru across various regions of India, including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, and Maharashtra, 12.Inauguration of Rashtriya Udyamita Vikas Pariyojana: Empowering PM SVANidhi Beneficiaries - Union Minister of Education and Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Shri Dharmendra Pradhan inaugurated the Rashtriya Udyamita Vikas Pariyojana in Sambalpur, Odisha. - The initiative, launched virtually across 9 cities, aims to empower beneficiaries of the PM SVANidhi scheme nationwide. - The objective of this yojana is to provide comprehensive entrepreneurship training to create job providers instead of job seekers. It offer a 22-week training program combining theoretical knowledge with practical exposure through offline, online, and hybrid modes. 13.Swayam Scheme 2024 - The Swayam Scheme, introduced by the Odisha government, is a strategic initiative aimed at fostering entrepreneurship among the youth of the state. - Known as Swatantra Yuva Udyami, the scheme provides an array of financial supports, including interest-free bank loans of up to Rs. 1 lakh, to encourage young individuals to embark on entrepreneurial ventures. - The initiative seeks to empower the youth by providing them with the means to start their business ventures, thus addressing unemployment and promoting economic activity within the state. 14.Government Continues Women Safety Scheme till 2025-26 - The Indian government has decided to extend its flagship scheme for women safety until 2025-26 with a budget approval of Rs 1,179.72 crore. - This decision aims to combat the rising incidents of crimes against women across the country, as evidenced by recent statistics from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). - The union cabinet approved the proposal from the Ministry of Home Affairs to continue the ‘Safety of Women’ umbrella scheme. The total cost approved is Rs 1,179.72 crore, allocated from both the MHA budget and the Nirbhaya Fund. 15.AYUSH and Tribal Affairs Ministries Launch Joint Initiative for Tribal Student Health - The Ministry of AYUSH and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs have unveiled a collaborative effort aimed at improving the public health of tribal students. - This joint initiative focuses on implementing Ayurvedic interventions to address health issues among over 20,000 tribal students. - The initiative aims to study the health requirements of tribal populations and deliver public healthcare services with a focus on addressing major issues such as malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia, and sickle cell diseases among tribal students. Summits & Conference News 16.PM Modi Inaugurates Ninth Edition Of Raisina Dialogue - Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 9th edition of Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi, marking a significant moment for global discourse on geopolitics and geo-economics. - Joining him in the inaugural session was the Prime Minister of Greece, Kyriakos Mitsotakis, who graced the event as the Chief Guest. - The theme of the 9th edition, “Chaturanga: Conflict, Contest, Cooperate, Create,” reflects the multifaceted nature of global challenges and the imperative of collaboration in addressing them. 17.ADB Funds $23 Million for Fintech Advancement in Gujarat - The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has sanctioned a USD 23 million loan aimed at bolstering fintech education, research, and innovation within the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT) in India. - GIFT, a state-owned enterprise, serves as a hub for nurturing fintech ecosystems and financial services in India, being the nation’s premier international financial services centre. - Its objective is to establish a comprehensive, sustainable, and climate-resilient International Fintech Institute within GIFT. 18.IRCTC Teams Up With Swiggy For Pre-Ordered Meal Delivery - The Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) has partnered with Swiggy to facilitate the delivery of pre-ordered meals booked by passengers through IRCTC’s e-catering portal. - This collaboration aims to enhance convenience and choice for railway travelers. Initially, Swiggy’s services will be available at four major railway stations – Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Vijayawada, and Visakhapatnam. - IRCTC plans to extend this service to more stations after completing the initial phase, broadening its reach and catering to a larger demographic of passengers. 19.CleanMax And Bangalore International Airport Forge Long-Term Partnership For Renewable Power - Renewable power solutions provider CleanMax and Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL) have signed a 25-year long-term power purchase agreement aimed at fostering sustainable energy practices. - The renewable energy initiative will draw power from a 45.9 MW Solar-wind Captive Power Project established under a special purpose vehicle named Clean Max BIAL Renewable Energy Private Limited. - Situated in Jagaluru, Karnataka, the project encompasses a 36 MW solar power plant and a 9.9 MW wind power plant. 20.Appointment of Salil Parekh to the USISPF Board of Directors - In a significant move, Salil Parekh, the Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of Infosys, has been appointed to the Board of Directors of the US India Strategic and Partnership Forum (USISPF). - Salil Parekh, with a distinguished career spanning nearly three decades in the IT services industry, is recognized for his leadership in executing business turnarounds and managing successful acquisitions. - Since taking the helm at Infosys on January 2, 2018, Parekh has set the strategic direction for the company, steering one of India’s leading IT giants through periods of significant change and global challenges. 21.Logo for 7th North East Youth Festival 2024 Unveiled - The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has officially unveiled the logo for the highly anticipated 7th North East Youth Festival 2024. - The emblem beautifully encapsulates the vibrant essence of the eight northeastern states, marking a tribute to the rich cultural tapestry of the region. - Moreover, the festival has chosen the Phayre’s leaf monkey as its mascot, further symbolizing the unique biodiversity and heritage of the North East. 22.Bhopal Athletes Conquer the World’s Highest Frozen Lake Marathon - In a remarkable display of endurance and determination, Bhagwan Singh and Mahesh Khurana from Bhopal have completed the Pangong Frozen Lake Marathon 2024, held in Leh-Ladakh. Bhagwan Singh is also the first mountaineer from Madhya Pradesh to scale Mount Everest. - Known for its extreme conditions, this marathon is celebrated as the ‘World’s Highest Frozen Lake Marathon.’ The event unfolded on February 20, amidst heavy snowfall, at an altitude of 18,680 feet with temperatures plunging to -15°C, posing an ultimate challenge to the participants. Science & Technology News 23.America’s Odysseus Spacecraft Makes 1st Commercial Moon Landing in History - In a historic moment for space exploration, the Odysseus spacecraft, spearheaded by Intuitive Machines (IM), has achieved what was once solely the domain of national space agencies: a successful soft landing on the lunar surface. - This landmark event marks the first commercial venture to accomplish such a feat, signalling a significant leap forward in private sector involvement in space exploration. - The significance of this achievement cannot be overstated. Not since the Apollo era in 1972 has an American spacecraft delicately touched down on the moon’s surface. 24.Germany’s Andreas Brehme, 1990 World Cup Winning Goal Scorer, Passes Away - The world of football is mourning the loss of one of its most celebrated figures, Andreas Brehme, who passed away at the age of 63. - Fondly remembered as Germany’s World Cup hero of 1990, Brehme’s sudden and unexpected death has left a profound sense of sadness among fans and former teammates alike. - Brehme etched his name into football history during the 1990 World Cup final, where his late penalty secured a 1-0 victory for West Germany over Argentina, led by the legendary Diego Maradona. 25.Former Lok Sabha Speaker Manohar Joshi Passes Away at 86 - Former Lok Sabha Speaker and ex-Maharashtra Chief Minister, Manohar Joshi, passed away at the age of 86, marking the end of an illustrious career that spanned several decades in Indian politics. - A prominent figure in the Shiv Sena, Joshi was the first from the party to hold the top post in Maharashtra, serving as Chief Minister from 1995 to 1999. - His tenure as Lok Sabha Speaker from 2002 to 2004, during the Vajpayee government, was a testament to his leadership and political acumen. 26.A Celebration of Language Diversity: Amar Ekushey in Bangladesh - Bangladesh observes Amar Ekushey on February 21st, a day to remember the people who died fighting for Bangla to be an official language in 1952. This event led to significant changes in the country. - Early on February 21st, the President and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh placed wreaths at the Central Shaheed Minar in Dhaka. - This act starts a day of tribute to those who lost their lives for the language movement. The Amar Ekushey song is played, adding to the solemn atmosphere. 23 FEBRUARY CURRENT AFFAIRS 2024 | ALL EXAMS IMP. CURRENT AFFAIRS | ASHISH GAUTAM SIR

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|Objective 4.3.5 - Promote the sustainable use of genetic resources for food, and agriculture. Humans’ age-old agricultural activities have contributed, in the course of history, to the creation of a large pool of biodiversity. Since the 1950s, however, due to economic pressure and intensive urbanisation, drastic genetic erosion of old landraces and cultivars took place and actions for collecting, evaluating and conserving them became, and still are, urgently needed. Data show that about 50 per cent of the main native livestock breeds (cattle, pig, sheep, goat and poultry) in the EU-15 countries are either extinct or classed as endangered or critical (EEA, 2006). Biological and genetic diversity in agriculture is essential for the sustainable development of agricultural production and of rural areas. Genetically poorly diversified agricultural areas are indeed more threatened by environmental stresses and disasters; besides, genetically diversified food offers a greater variety of nutrients useful for good general health and resistance to disease. The necessary measures should be taken to collect, conserve, characterise and utilise the potential of that biodiversity in a sustainable way to promote the global aims of the CAP. The conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources in agriculture is one of the objectives of the CBD. It is also a major objective of the FAO’s Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and it is a key topic of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Coordinated actions at Belgian level (including regional level) must be set up for a better, safe conservation strategy for the genetic diversity that is essential for food and agriculture. The conservation of agricultural genetic diversity is to be achieved through in situ conservation of local species, varieties, domestic animal breeds and microbial life forms with actual or potential value. Actions should also be taken to improve the development of adequate gene banks useful for the ex situ conservation of genetic resources for food and agriculture. Such conservation requires an adequate system of economic and social incentives, combined with increased consumer awareness. The Regions take the conservation of breeds and varieties into consideration in their agri-environment measures. Ongoing initiatives cover, among other things, the establishment of private orchards, the safeguarding of poultry varieties and a programme to promote the rearing of the “Blanc-Bleu mixte” breed of cattle and the “mouton ardennais roux” breed of sheep in Wallonia (in situ conservation) and the establishment of cryo-banks for ruminant rearing in Wallonia (ex situ conservation). A specific national strategy focusing on the management of agricultural biodiversity should be developed in the first place for coordinating the diverse actions already going on and to promote new ones. All the actions will contribute to the implementation of both the FAO’s Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture that stipulate clearly the implementation of a National Strategy and a National Inventory of plant genetic resources for agriculture. Furthermore, the importance of biodiversity for food and nutrition should be taken more into account by public health and food chain safety policies and their scientific bodies. |13. Genetic diversity maintained |Objective 4.3.6 - Reduce the impacts of pesticides on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Pesticides are used to combat organisms considered to be harmful to crops and have therefore a detrimental effect on biodiversity. It is nevertheless possible to reduce the impacts of pesticides on biodiversity and ecosystem services by lessening their impacts on non-target organisms. A range of measures, if correctly applied, can contribute to reducing these impacts; they are either related to the choice of the pesticide or to the way it is spread into the environment (for example, organic agriculture, integrated agriculture, biological control, prohibition of pesticides with long-term repercussions for the abundance and diversity of non-target species; and application of risk mitigation measures such as buffer zones in order to protect aquatic organisms). From 2013, the NAPAN (Nationaal Actie Plan d’Action National) has been established as the Belgian national action plan for pesticide reduction as requested by the EU directive 2009/128. It includes the Federal Reduction Plan for Pesticides 2013-2017 (FRPP), and the plans from the three Regions. Each of these plans comprises both specific actions and actions carried out jointly with the other members of the NAPAN Task Force. It aims to reach the objectives of reducing risks linked to pesticides as defined in EU Directive 2009/128/CE establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides. The FRPP is coordinated by the federal agencies in charge of the standardization of products, which allows to take many structural changes related to pesticides issues through legislative changes . Examples of the measures foreseen in the federal and regional plans to be implemented at the national level are (i) the harmonization of methods, standards and reports on water contamination by pesticides, (ii) ensuring balanced information for non-professional users of products at the point of sale regarding the right conditions of use, the risks to public health and the environment, including biodiversity and ecosystem services. |8. Pollution reduced |Objective 4.3.7 - Prevent cultivated GMOs from leading to the loss, displacement or genetic introgression into local agricultural varieties and related wild flora and prevent them from affecting the surrounding natural biodiversity. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture for food or feed crops and their release into the environment per se are issues of growing importance. This importance increases in line with the technological progress made in this area, as the use of GMOs can potentially have negative impacts on the biodiversity of the environment. One risk is the escape of newly introduced genes into the surrounding environment (especially through pollen) so that the genetic material of local agricultural varieties or wild related flora can become contaminated. This can be prejudicial for instance if the newly introduced gene (transgene), aimed at agricultural purposes, has adverse effects if spread into the wild nature. Since the purpose of genetic modification will often be acceleration of the growth of cultivated plants or growth in adverse environmental conditions, cross-pollination could lead to mutations in wild plants that make such plants more invasive. Depending on the new character conferred by the transgenes, the impact of genetically modified plants should be carefully evaluated with regard to various components of biodiversity, representative of the various functions of the ecosystem, not only in the agricultural ecosystem itself but also with regard to the related vicinal wild terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. There is also a risk that GM standardised cultivated varieties will supplant locally adapted agricultural varieties, mainly for economical and marketing reasons and generally as large monocultures, and would therefore counteract Objectives 4c.2 to 4c.5 and Objective 5.8. Moreover, with GM varieties being covered by patents generally owned by multinationals, efforts must be made to prevent that their release in the environment would alter traditional agricultural practices, thus counteracting Objectives 5.10 and 6. We must also prevent marketing, economic forces and consumption habits from threatening and contaminating wild ecosystems. Public awareness of consumption behaviours increasing such threats should be raised (cf. obj. 4b.1 and 4g.1). On the other hand, GM plants are developed for industrial purposes (to make pharmaceuticals, bioplastics and other biomaterials), and industrial crops take over the area previously used for food crops. Once again, it is extremely important to carefully monitor the ecological consequences of the spreading of those transgenes as well as the ethical and social consequences, and decisions must be taken to avoid negative impacts. Some GM cultures are resistant to herbicides or insecticides. Cultivation of these plants could lead to adjustments in agricultural practices (a change in the amount and type of herbicides/insecticides used) that have a direct impact on the environment and on biodiversity in particular. In order to pursue the operational objective mentioned above, case-by-case studies on environmental risks for biodiversity and on socio-economic considerations of introduction of GMO cultures in Belgium are needed. Such studies would provide a scientific background to facilitate cooperative discussions between the Regional and Federal authorities and between the various stakeholders in Belgium when deciding to import and/or cultivate GMOs. These studies should be coordinated with the implementation of Objective 7.8 aimed at promoting research on and assessing the effects of GMOs on biodiversity and socio-economic aspects. Finally, such environmental and socio-economic impact studies would have to be based on a good knowledge of the existing agricultural biodiversity of our country. The establishment of complete “living” (adaptable) catalogues covering this should therefore be encouraged. |7. Sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and forestry |Objective 4.3.8 - Ensure that the production of plants, inter alia non indigenous plants, for renewable energy does not negatively impact on biodiversity. Biomass* energy and biofuels* are set to cover an ever-increasing share of the EU’s future transport and heating needs. The EU is supporting biofuels with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, boosting the decarbonisation of transport fuels, diversifying fuel supply sources, offering new income opportunities in rural areas and developing long-term replacements for fossil fuel. In 2003, the Biofuels Directive on the promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport set out indicative targets for Member States. In December 2005: the European Commission adopted an Action Plan designed to increase the use of energy from forestry, agriculture and waste materials. With regard to CAP, the decoupling of income support from production introduced in 2003 by the reformed CAP helps to facilitate the supply of energy crops. In particular, crops that were eligible for direct payments only under the non-food regime on set-aside areas may now be cultivated on any area without loss of income support. Under Rural development policy, investments on or near farms, for example in biomass processing, as well as the mobilisation of unused biomass by forest holders, can also be supported. The Commission has proposed Community strategic guidelines for rural development that emphasise renewable energy, including biofuels. It is also proposing a specific ad hoc group to consider biomass and biofuel opportunities within national rural development programmes. EU Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the (sustainable) use of energy from renewable sources raises the share of renewable energy to 20 % by 2020 and the share of renewable energy in the transport sector specifically to 10 %. This directive is challenging, especially because a large number of plants grown to produce renewable energy are non-indigenous. As demonstrated by numerous studies on biofuels, imports to meet our need for renewable resources have dramatic consequences for the fight against climate change or the protection of biodiversity, as they indirectly lead to land use changes: they contribute to accelerate the destruction or degradation of natural habitats and increase the introduction of non-indigenous plants for that production. Intensive production of any form of biomass has serious negative impacts on biodiversity as a result of the use of fertilizers, pesticides, monoculture and forest clearing. In order to meet the growing demand for biomass and biofuels, the EU already imports large quantities of crops with substantial environmental impacts, such as palm oil or sugar cane. This must not lead to unacceptable pressures on biodiversity and food production in the exporting countries. This is not only an issue for biofuels, but biofuels will increase the pressure. It is necessary to consider carefully how policies in Belgium can best increase the use of biomass and biofuels without damaging biodiversity. However, current attribution criteria in Belgium (established until 2013) only take into account the limitation in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, yet there are no specific criteria related to biodiversity. As a follow-up to the two studies on the impacts of biofuel production on biodiversity carried out in 2009 and 2010, Belgium will defend a position aiming at the compulsory inclusion of new environmental criteria within the framework of the revision of Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. Incentives should be restricted to the promotion of biofuels produced from feedstock that do not create an additional demand for land and do not compete with other uses like food, materials, biodiversity. |9. Invasive alien species prevented and controlled |Objective 4.4 - Fishery in marine and inland waters Belgium has a limited coastline and the country’s professional marine fishing fleet is relatively small. Its ships only land 1 % of total landings of the countries bordering the North Sea. About 30,000 tons of fish (mostly flat fish and cod) are brought ashore by Belgian fishermen each year. Other marine products (oysters) and the aquaculture* production in marine waters and freshwaters are currently not exploited. Taking into account that the state of the commercially exploited fishery resources is assessed at the European level and not at the level of the individual member states, marine biodiversity is particularly threatened in our coastal zone and shelf sea, where direct and indirect disturbances are concentrated. Two important threats are the overexploitation of marine resources and the adverse effects of certain fishing methods (in particular bottom-affecting gear) employed not only by Belgian fisheries but also by fishing vessels from foreign countries active in Belgium waters. Despite the creation of several international instruments to regulate fishery and its impact on the environment, the pressure on the marine ecosystem and fish populations is still present. Besides professional fishermen, also recreational fishermen are active at sea. Fishery and aquaculture in the North Sea are governed by the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), established in 1983 and reviewed in 1992, 2002, and 2013. The new CFP came into effect from 2014 with the objective of an ecological sustainable fishery and aquaculture (see art.1 of the CFP) and to achieve Maximum Sustainable Yield by 2020. The CFP takes into account the biological, economic and social dimensions of fishing. The CFP addresses four main areas, dealing with (1) conservation of fish stocks (such as establishment of total allowable catches (TACs) of sea fish that can safely be caught every year to allow for renewal of fish stock), (2) structures (such as vessels, port facilities and fish-processing plants), (3) the common organisation of the market and (4) an external fisheries policy which includes fishing agreements with non-Community members and negotiations in international organisations. EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) on the protection and conservation of the marine environment establishes a framework for Member states to take the necessary measures to achieve Good Environmental Status of the marine environment by 2020 at the latest. For that purpose, marine strategies shall be developed and implemented in order to (a) protect and preserve the marine environment, prevent its deterioration, or, where practicable, restore marine ecosystems in areas where they have been adversely affected and (b) to prevent and reduce inputs in the marine environment, with a view to phasing out pollution so as to ensure that there are no significant impacts on or risks to marine biodiversity, marine ecosystems, human health or legitimate uses of the sea. An important national instrument is the Law of 20 January 1999 on the protection of the marine environment in the areas under Belgian jurisdiction. This foresees the identification and designation of marine protected areas (MPA) (among others in application of the EU Habitat and Birds Directives). Work on MPAs and threatened and declining species is also ongoing under OSPAR. An impact analysis of human activities (including fisheries) and measures in view of achieving the objective of Good Environmental Status (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) are included in the programme of measures. Already in 2014 the Marine Spatial Planning proposed measures to reduce the impact of bottom-affecting gear that would contribute to the Good Environmental Status. As there are also foreign fishermen active in the Belgian part of the North Sea, these measures had to be negotiated and adopted following the procedures of the Common Fisheries Policy in order to make them legally binding for all fishermen. After a long and hard negotiation process the European Parliament rejected the proposed measures. As measures are still needed to reduce the impact of bottom affecting gear, the new Marine Spatial Plan (which will enter in to force in 2020) contains 4 searching zones where new measures will be developed and proposed. For CITES-listed marine species, the permitting procedure with regards to the commercialisation of species caught in the high sea was approved at CITES CoP16 (March 2013). This way there is a common understanding of the provisions of the Convention relating to the introduction of sea specimens taken in the marine environment not under the jurisdiction of any State in order to facilitate the standard implementation of trade controls for such specimens introduced from the sea and to improve the accuracy of CITES trade data. In Belgium, inland water fishery can be considered to be a leisure activity or a sport. It is practised mostly for entertainment and on a limited basis for food, both in artificial areas specially managed for fishing (private ponds, fishing grounds) and in the public hydrographic network of rivers and canals. Belgium’s current legislation only covers the management of the public hydrographical network. Several improvements in the management of standing waters by fishermen should be promoted both to ensure an ecological management of the aquatic ecosystems and improve the quality of the local fish populations. Belgium is a Party to the Ramsar Convention on the protection of wetlands (i.e. inland waters and marine waters) established in 1971 which provides the framework for conservation and sustainable utilisation of wetlands. The ICES Code of Practice on the Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms sets forth recommended procedures and practices to diminish the risks of detrimental effects from the intentional introduction and transfer of marine (including brackish water) organisms (ICES, 2005). |6. Sustainable management of marine living resources |Objective 4.4.1 - Promote the implementation of good fishing practices in the North Sea, favourable to fish protection and their habitats, including the implementation of the Common Fishery Policy. Belgium will promote the implementation of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries to ensure the long-term sustainability of living marine resources and protection of their habitat. To help implement the provisions regarding fishing operations (Article 8 of the Code), Technical Guidelines are addressed to the individual states, international organisations, fishery management bodies, owners, managers and charters of fishing vessels as well as fishermen and the general public. They provide practical advice to ensure all fishing operations are conducted responsibly. Particular attention will be paid to minimising bycatch. Implementation of this objective should be in accordance with the management of marine protected areas and an Integrated Coastal Zone Management strategy (see Operational objective 3.2), as well as with the future European Marine Strategy. The CFP is the instrument (legal basis) to implement the fishery-related measures. |1. Awareness increased |Objective 4.4.2 - Ensure that recreational and sport fishing practices at sea and inland waters respond to ecological management objectives to avoid adverse impacts on biodiversity. The impact of recreational fishing at sea on fish stocks or on other elements of the marine biodiversity has not been assessed yet. At present, recreational gill-net fishing at sea is prohibited to limit the bycatch of birds and sea mammals. In the MPA “Vlaamse Banken” that covers about 1/3th of the Belgian Part of the North Sea all recreational fisheries with bottom disturbing gear are prohibited. Wherever it takes place, inland water fisheries should respect the ecosystem quality by avoiding unnecessary, inefficient or harmful fish stocking (overstocking, ponds connected to other water bodies, etc.). When necessary, the planting of indigenous fish should respect local genetic strains and the populations structure. Populations of species of no fishing interest should be respected. Stocking of non-indigenous species should be avoided in order to prevent the introduction and spread of invasive alien species. Introgression of wild fish populations by domestic strains of fish should be avoided. Exaggerated baiting and consequent dystrophication must be avoided, especially in lakes and reservoirs. Furthermore, the monitoring of these activities should be strengthened. Planning and restoration of inland water systems should be promoted: through biomanipulation, fisheries may contribute to rehabilitation of clear water systems with macrophytes and high species richness instead of poor and banal turbid water systems characterised by algal blooms. Stocking of fish should achieve a balance between the carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems and the size and structure of fish populations in order to promote clear water systems, so preventing turbid water systems with poor species diversity. Stocking of pools should be avoided: they are too small to carry populations of large fish. Furthermore, maintenance and creation of fish-free ponds should be promoted for specific biota, for example amphibians. |10. Pressures on vulnerable ecosystems reduced |Objective 4.4.3 - Prevent GM fish from threatening marine and freshwater biodiversity and populations. GM varieties of fish have already been commercialised in some parts of the world, intended including to grow faster and reach a bigger size. This practice is not applied in Belgium yet. Whereas those fish are supposed to be raised in confined areas, drastic measures should be taken to prevent those varieties from escaping into the wild. After all, some GM varieties of fish have already been shown to threaten the future of the species when they come into reproductive contact with the wild related members. Furthermore, GM fish could threaten local species and ecosystems through their invasive behaviour. Similarly for other marine GM products, the consequences of interbreeding and competitive behaviour with wild relatives should be carefully investigated and, as a rule, should be avoided at all cost. The Belgian Marine Environmental law prohibits the deliberate introduction of genetically modified organisms. Specific attention needs to be given to side effects of genetic manipulations aimed at increasing the size of commercial species (amplification of growth hormone gene). |6. Sustainable management of marine living resources |Objective 4.5 - Wise use of wetlands. Wetlands are essential components of Belgian biodiversity which are under severe threat. They provide for useful ecosystem services such as water retention, water purification, recreational areas, wildfowl habitats and more. The Convention requires that “The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory” (art. 3.1). Wise use of wetlands has been defined by the COP of the convention as “the maintenance of their ecological character, achieved through the implementation of ecosystem approaches, within the context of sustainable development”. “Ecological character” is “the combination of the ecosystem components, processes and benefits/services that characterise the wetland at a given point in time” (Rés. XI.1. Annex A COP Ramsar Convention, 2005). Nine Ramsar sites are designated in Belgium (4 in Flanders and 4 in Wallonia). The Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/CE) sets a framework for a Community policy in the field of water. It establish a framework for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater in order, among other things, to prevent further deterioration and protect and enhance the status of aquatic ecosystems and, with regard to their water needs, terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands directly depending on the aquatic ecosystems. The wise use provisions of the Convention apply, as far as possible, to all wetland ecosystems. Societal choice is inherent in advancing human well-being and poverty alleviation, which depends on the maintenance of ecosystem benefits/services. Within the context of ecosystem approaches, planning processes for promoting the delivery of wetland ecosystem benefits/services should be formulated and implemented in the context of the maintenance or enhancement, as appropriate, of wetland ecological character at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. (Rés. XI.1. Annex A COP Ramsar Convention, 2005). |7. Sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and forestry |Objective 4.5.1 - Apply Ramsar Convention guidelines on Wise use of Wetlands Concept as far as relevant. The COP of Ramsar Convention has published detailed guidelines on various issues of wetlands use. Main guidelines are about: Integrated Coastal Zone Management; Inventory; Laws and institutions; Management planning; National wetland policies; Participation in management; Restoration; Risk assessment; River basin management; Water and water allocation; Wise Use concept. Those Guidelines should be implemented through relevant public authorities competent with wetlands management or wetlands related uses.

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Thursday, April 20, marked the 100th birthday of the late Mother Angelica, the formidable Franciscan nun who founded the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN) headquartered in Irondale, Alabama. Born Rita Rizzo in Canton, Ohio, in 1923, she eventually became a Poor Clare of Perpetual Adoration and captured the hearts of audiences around the world through her television show “Mother Angelica Live.”Before her death on March 27, 2016, Mother Angelica also founded the Shrine of the Most Blessed Sacrament of Our Lady of the Angels Monastery in Hanceville, Alabama. In honor of her 100th birthday, EWTN CEO Michael Warsaw sat down with Montse Alvarado, president and COO of EWTN News, to share his personal reflections about Mother Angelica’s life and legacy. (EWTN is the parent company of CNA.) You can watch the full interview in the video at the end of this story. Michael, there’s no one better to talk to about Mother Angelica’s legacy than you. You knew her better than everyone else. Tell me a little bit about what it was like being with her. Well, I was very, very blessed to spend so much time with Mother over the years, especially those last 10 active years that she had before her stroke. I was really blessed to be able to be with her almost every day, to be able to talk with her, to work alongside her, to be able, in many ways, to take her vision for EWTN and many of the projects that she wanted to accomplish and to implement those. So that was just such a great blessing to me in my life. I remember the first time I met her was 1988.I was the communications director at the basilica here in Washington, D.C., at that time. And I went to Birmingham to meet with Mother to talk about EWTN collaborating and televising Masses, which we still do to this day. And I remember sitting in her office at the network and we chatted and talked about not just the project but many things for a couple of hours. And it was just an incredible experience; my first introduction to meeting her in person. In some ways you could say I had met her several years before via television. When I was in college in the early ’80s, I went home to visit my mother, and as college students do when they’re at home, you channel surf, looking for something to watch. And I remember coming across this nun who was doing this television show and I had no idea who Mother Angelica was. I had no idea what EWTN was. And I remember sitting there at 11 p.m. at night watching Mother Angelica doing a show and thinking she’s pretty remarkable. All things in God’s providence, one thing led to another. I had that meeting with her at EWTN and then a couple of years later she invited me to come and be a part of the EWTN employee family. So Jackie and I readily moved to Birmingham, and the rest is history, as they say. What’s fascinating to me also is that when I sat with Mother in that office in 1988, I had no idea, first of all, that in just a couple of years I would be leaving Washington and coming to Birmingham to be a part of EWTN. But I certainly had no idea that even just a few more years down the road that that would be my office and that I would be succeeding her in her role. Her character — spicy Italian lady, entrepreneurial force, but also incredibly pious — what did you experience with her? What was that relationship like? Well, it was all of that. I think one of the great things about Mother Angelica was that who you saw on the air was who she was off the air. There was no television persona, which sometimes, as we know, can be the case with folks in the television industry. She was who she was on air and off air. She was a remarkable businesswoman, and that was a grace from God. She obviously had no training or no real education in business, as she would say. She barely had a high school education. God didn’t give her those gifts early on, but he gave her the graces and the gifts to do that. I can remember being in many a meeting with a vendor or salesperson who was trying to get EWTN to buy their product or do something thinking, this is a nun; I can just sort of push her over and do this deal. And they walked out of there, hat in hand, because they had really come into contact with a major business force. She had remarkable skills in that sense. She was like a mother to the employees of the network — incredibly caring, incredibly generous. And so she had that, in a way, motherly, grandmotherly sort of side as well. And it was clear that this is a woman of deep, deep faith. She was a cloistered nun. She spent far more hours of her day in front of the Blessed Sacrament in the chapel than she ever did in front of a camera or behind a desk or involved in the work of the network. So that was her foundation, that was her grounding, to be in front of the Blessed Sacrament, to live a life of prayer, to live a life of a cloistered Poor Clare nun. She brought that into her interaction with the network and into her work with the network. And so you would have conversations with her sometimes and I would joke about the tone of her voice. She would share something that was going on and a concern, a worry, and she would tell you,“It’s going to be fine, sweetheart.” And there was a tone to that that said to you, it's going to be fine, because she's talked to God about this, she's prayed about this, and she's telling you, It's going to be fine because she has that confidence. So [it was a] remarkable experience. One of the greatest joys and blessings of my life was to be able to spend those years and that time with her, and … it was a great blessing for my family, Jackie and our children, particularly our son Michael, who grew up around Mother Angelica, who has memories of [her] holding his hand and taking him through the new monastery in Hanceville that was under construction or in so many other ways. Mother Angelica was just an incredible part of our life as a family and my own life and faith. Michael, you’ve led the growth and expansion of EWTN in a way that Mother could only imagine. Do you miss her? Absolutely. I miss her every day. I miss being able to share things with her, getting her perspective, and her reminders. Sometimes I even miss her corrections and admonishing me to look at something in a different way, that I was being too worldly, maybe, and I needed to think of it in another way. I miss that. But I think there’s no question in my mind that right now, Mother Angelica is doing her most important work for EWTN and for all of us involved in the apostolate of EWTN. She’s doing their most important work ever now by advocating, by interceding for us, with Our Lord. And there’s no question that in the years since — first of all, she had her stroke and stepped away from EWTN — but in these last seven years, since her death, so many doors have opened, so many incredible blessings have been bestowed on EWTN, and really, by following her original approach to trust in God’s providence and all that we do. But I miss her. With her stroke, with her physical decline, she allowed us, her public, her viewers, to enter into her suffering in a way that Pope Francis has said is really important to walk with the elderly as they decline, but also with those who are sick. She kind of pioneered this idea of allowing us to enter into that and valuing those who are elderly or sick in a different way. Absolutely. I think, as we both know, television personas sometimes want to be very careful about how they present themselves. And that was not her… So when she would have an asthma attack while she was trying to do a show or she was struggling with some physical ailment or another, she shared that. She didn’t stop the show because she had a coughing fit; she just took a cough drop and went on. I think we saw, though, that most poignantly, when she had the first of her strokes in 2001. She first had a smaller stroke that left her with some issues with her eye, and she had to wear an eye patch. Most people would never go on television with an eye patch and a little bit of a droopy face, but she never thought of not going on television. And part of the reason was because she felt like she needed to be there for her family, and she needed to be a witness to her family. She needed to encourage people to understand that these sufferings, these physical ailments, are a gift from God that need to be embraced and that people should offer up and use for good when those opportunities came about. And in the days and weeks following that, when she began to appear on the air, we heard from enormous numbers of people who were stroke victims who said, because you could go on TV and be who you are that gave me the strength to go out of my home for the first time in years and to go out and to be in the community. We heard countless, countless stories like that. So she had a profound understanding of the importance of suffering, of not wasting suffering, and of using that to accomplish great good. You hear these stories, we hear these stories, at the network every day. People whose lives are changed by praying alongside Mother Angelica. There’s a great story of a man recently who explained how during COVID as he was hospitalized, he heard her voice on TV and he prayed the Our Father with her and it gave him the strength to fight to stay alive, to come back to his family. Is this the purpose of the network? Absolutely. I think there’s no question that Mother Angelica founded EWTN to invite every person who heard the network’s offerings to come into a closer relationship with Our Lord to understand and to grow in their love for Jesus. That’s why she founded it. And she would always say if the network was created and we did all of this to save just one soul, it would all be worth it. (Story continues below) Subscribe to our daily newsletter And we see that, as you said, day in and day out in the reactions from people all over the world now who are impacted by the work of EWTN. It’s not the work that we do. And Mother was very conscious of this, you know. Sometimes people ask me, what’s the iconic phrase of Mother Angelica? So I always say, “Dare to do the ridiculous so that God can accomplish the miraculous.” And I think that in the eyes of the world, when she began EWTN in 1980 and then went on the air in 1981, people were like, a cloistered nun doing a television channel? This is crazy. Alabama? Sheep and goats and some nuns? This is ridiculous. Catholics in Alabama. Exactly. But she understood that, though. She understood that to the world this was utterly ridiculous. But it wasn’t ridiculous in the eyes of God. She said yes to that call from God because she knew that through those efforts, through all of these things that she would do that we continue to do, that in the eyes of the world are ridiculous, God would accomplish miraculous things and he has for these past four decades. And that’s really the story of her life — reliance on providence, reliance on God’s providence in all things, and saying yes to what he has asked her and asked us to do so that he can accomplish the miraculous. That’s how these miracles occur. That’s how these people, as in the case you mentioned, are able to have these incredible transformations of faith. It’s through the efforts of a simple nun who said yes to the miraculous. It’s incredible. Is there a Mother Angelica story that you can share that our viewers haven’t heard before? Well, there are many, many Mother stories. One that I’ve probably not told very much [took place in] the 1990s when we were working to begin to build the international television channels, which now exist all over the world. We were struggling to get that going. And as with all things with Mother and EWTN we often didn’t have the money to do what we wanted. So one day, after we had been meeting and as we did every day virtually for several hours I would always, at the end of our meetings, walk her back through the network and back up to the cloister. And so we finished a meeting and were walking down the hallway and there’s a glass hallway that looks out over the satellite dishes on the back of EWTN. And she stopped and she kind of looked out and said, “When your wife really wants something and she continues to nag at you and nag at you about that and say that she wants it, do you eventually give in to her?” And I laughed and I said, ”Absolutely, Mother. Absolutely.” And she said, “Well, you know, that’s what I’m doing with Our Lord. I figure if I nag him continually about getting us what we need to do this launch, eventually he’s got to give in, right?” There were a couple of things I took away from that. It’s a funny story, but it underscored — along with many other experiences in my life and times with Mother — how deeply personal her relationship with Our Lord was. She saw her relationship with Christ as her spouse, as a religious, just as deeply, just as personally, just as tangibly as I saw my relationship with my own wife. That was a great gift, I think, to be able to see that and to see that in her. And that helped certainly deepen my own relationship with Our Lord to see that witness with her. And of course, as in all things, Mother Angelica did what she said she would do. She continued to nag Our Lord and a few weeks later we got the funding from a donor to be able to move forward with the project and to begin the work on it. So all things in providence. All things in providence. And it almost makes you feel like in her giving of herself to Our Lord in that way, it also fueled why she was so fiercely defensive of Our Lord and the Church and the Eucharist. Absolutely. So, yes, there were many instances along the way where she spoke up in defense of the Eucharist, in defense of the Church’s teaching on the Eucharist. She was very adamant about that. But it’s precisely, as you say, because of the depth of that personal relationship that was a deeply felt attack on her spouse. She felt that tangibly, physically. And so the depth, the strength of her response in those situations comes from the nature of that relationship that she had with Our Lord. And so if you understand that about Mother, you understand why at times she reacted as strongly as she did. And thank God she did. The moment that we’re in right now with the Eucharist, this eucharistic revival, we’re seeing processions start. The family celebration for EWTN is going to include a procession around this beautiful campus [in Irondale]. And that tells us a lot about where we are as American Catholics. What would Mother make of this moment? So I think Mother would certainly be profoundly saddened by the polling and all the data that shows the decline and the loss of belief in the real presence. But I think she would be incredibly happy and excited to see the eucharistic revival, to see all of these efforts going on, to see devotion to Our Lord and the Blessed Sacrament being reemphasized through all sorts of means — whether it’s the eucharistic processions that are happening so much more frequently, or 24-hour adoration — all of these things. She would be, I think, very, very happy to see that because for her, she was a Poor Clare of Perpetual Adoration. Her entire life as a religious was built around and focused on Our Lord in the Blessed Sacrament. And that’s why when she built EWTN — the chapel and the Blessed Sacrament is at the heart of EWTN and remains so today. It’s physically the center of the campus in Irondale. It’s the hub, in a sense, of all of the work that goes on not just there in Irondale but all over the world every single day. It’s that centrality of the Eucharist that is a part of EWTN and the apostolate of EWTN. It’s what grounds us. It’s what makes us who we are. It invigorates all that we do. How would Mother want us to celebrate her 100th birthday? Well, Mother never wanted things to be about her, so I think in this moment of her centenary she would want us to be focusing our attention on Our Lord. And the greatest gift that we could give to Mother Angelica would be to go to Our Lord to pray, to do a holy hour, to spend time in front of the Blessed Sacrament, and to deepen our relationship with Our Lord. That’s the gift that she would want. On this 100th anniversary of Mother Angelica’s life, but also coming into the 40-plus years of the legacy of EWTN, what would she think about how it’s grown, how it’s changed, how you’ve made it evolve? I think she’d probably say, as she often did, “That’s just awesome.” That was one of her favorite words. I remember one time talking with her and asking her, “Did you ever think that EWTN would be what it is today?” And this was long before we had expanded in the way that we have now. And she said, “Oh, sweetheart, I was just worried about getting through one day to the next; I never thought about what it might be somewhere down the road.” I think she’d be very, very happy about what EWTN has become and how it has continued to stay true to that mission of allowing God to accomplish the miraculous through the work that EWTN does. And her vision for the future… Is there something she would say, “I want one of those!”? I think Mother Angelica would say that we should continue to explore every avenue to reach people with the message of the Gospel and to reach people with the message that Jesus loves them and whatever that is, whatever that takes, whatever platform or technology or means that is, that we should pursue that. And that’s what we have done. We have always embraced every platform, every method to carry out the mission, and we will continue to do so in the way that the Holy Spirit inspires us and God willing, that he blesses and guides us. Is there anything else you want to tell our viewers to remember about her? Well, I think that she was incredibly generous and incredibly kind. And I think sometimes her foes, both in the Church and out of the Church, painted her in a way that was not fair and not accurate. She was an incredibly kind and generous person who loved Our Lord with all of her heart and gave her life to him as religious, but also as one of the greatest evangelists of our time. A remarkable woman and one whom we should emulate. We should emulate her trust in God. I think we should emulate her willingness to say yes. When called to do the ridiculous by God, always say yes. If we said yes more often, imagine how much the world would be transformed. The Catholic News Agency (CNA) Staff are a team of journalists dedicated to reporting news concerning the Catholic Church around the world. Our bureaus are located in Denver, Washington, and Rome. We have sister language agencies in Kenya, Germany, Peru, Brazil, and Italy. CNA is a service of EWTN News. You can contact us at [email protected] with questions. Our mission is the truth. Join us! Your monthly donation will help our team continue reporting the truth, with fairness, integrity, and fidelity to Jesus Christ and his Church.

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Title: Understanding Pulmonary Artery Catheterization: A Comprehensive GuideUnveiling the Intricacies of Pulmonary Artery Catheterization From time to time, medical procedures emerge that revolutionize the diagnosis and management of complex health problems. One such procedure is pulmonary artery catheterization. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of this procedure, shedding light on its definition, purpose, and benefits. Additionally, we will explore the medical conditions that may necessitate pulmonary artery catheterization and its role in treatment and assessment. So, let us embark on this informative journey and uncover the mysteries of this life-saving procedure. Section 1: Definition and Procedure of Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 1.1 Understanding Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Pulmonary artery catheterization involves the insertion of a catheter into the pulmonary artery. This procedure allows healthcare professionals to monitor various vital parameters, such as oxygen flow, pressure, and heart output. By directly accessing the pulmonary artery, medical experts gain valuable insights into the functioning of the cardiovascular system. 1.2 Procedure of Pulmonary Artery Catheterization The procedure begins with the insertion of a catheter through a large vein, typically the jugular or femoral vein. Guided by imaging techniques, the catheter is carefully maneuvered into the right atrium and then passed through the tricuspid valve. From there, it advances into the right ventricle and further into the pulmonary artery. Once in position, the catheter accurately measures various parameters, providing crucial data for diagnosis and treatment. Section 2: Purpose and Benefits of Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 2.1 Diagnostic Potential and Health Management Pulmonary artery catheterization plays a pivotal role in diagnosing and managing a wide array of health problems. It is particularly utilized in critical conditions such as shock, pulmonary edema, heart failure, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, fat embolism, and high blood pressure. Additionally, the procedure aids in drug therapy, fluid level assessment, burn treatment, kidney failure management, sepsis control, and ventilator optimization. 2.2 Guiding Treatment and Assessing Seriousness of Illness By providing real-time data on several crucial cardiovascular parameters, pulmonary artery catheterization guides healthcare professionals in tailoring treatment plans. It helps determine the severity of illnesses such as heart attacks, aids in surgical decision-making, and is especially valuable in managing severe preeclampsia during pregnancy. This procedure ensures that interventions are timely and effective, optimizing patient outcomes. Section 3: Conditions Requiring Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 3.1 Shock: Unveiling the Hidden Dangers In cases of shock, pulmonary artery catheterization becomes indispensable. Shock often leads to inadequate oxygen supply to vital organs, causing widespread dysfunction. The data provided by this procedure helps guide resuscitation efforts and ensures appropriate interventions are initiated promptly. 3.2 Pulmonary Edema: Unveiling the Hidden Fluid Pulmonary edema, a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, requires diligent management. Pulmonary artery catheterization aids in gauging fluid status accurately, allowing healthcare professionals to tailor diuretic therapy and optimize respiratory support. 3.3 Congenital Heart Disease: Navigating the Complexity Children born with congenital heart disease face numerous challenges, requiring meticulous monitoring and management. Pulmonary artery catheterization assists in evaluating the severity of the condition, selecting appropriate surgical interventions, and guiding post-operative care. 3.4 Pulmonary Hypertension: Unraveling the Vascular Puzzle Pulmonary artery catheterization provides invaluable insights into the pressures within the pulmonary arteries, allowing for the effective management of pulmonary hypertension. It aids in titrating medications, monitoring response to treatment, and assessing disease progression. 3.5 Other Conditions: A Multifaceted Approach Beyond the conditions mentioned, pulmonary artery catheterization is indispensable in scenarios such as fat embolism, high blood pressure emergencies, drug therapy optimization, monitoring fluid levels in burn patients, managing kidney failure, sepsis, and ventilator management. Unveiling the intricacies and significance of pulmonary artery catheterization has shed light on its crucial role in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of various medical conditions. By providing healthcare professionals with real-time data on vital cardiovascular parameters, this procedure empowers them to make informed decisions and tailor interventions to optimize patient outcomes. From the depths of shock to the complexities of congenital heart disease, pulmonary artery catheterization remains a beacon of hope for patients in need. Title: Navigating the Risks and Preparations of Pulmonary Artery CatheterizationSafeguarding Patient Well-being in Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Pulmonary artery catheterization is a life-saving procedure that allows for precise diagnosis and management of complex cardiovascular conditions. However, like any medical intervention, it does not come without risks. In this informative addition to our article, we will delve into the potential complications of pulmonary artery catheterization and explore the factors that influence these risks. Furthermore, we will provide comprehensive guidance on how to prepare for the procedure to ensure the best possible outcome for every patient. Section 3: Possible Complications and Risks of Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 3.1 Unraveling Potential Complications While pulmonary artery catheterization is generally safe and well-tolerated, it is important to be aware of potential complications. Abnormal heart rhythms, including right bundle branch block, can occur during or after the procedure. These are usually transient and resolve spontaneously. However, in some cases, the heart’s electrical conduction system may require medical intervention. Complications related to the catheter itself can arise, including catheter malposition, kinking, or dislodgement, which may disrupt accurate measurements. In rare instances, pulmonary artery rupture can occur, leading to severe bleeding and reduced blood flow. However, meticulous technique and taking appropriate precautions significantly minimize the risk of these complications. Additionally, blood clots, infections, and bleeding at the insertion site are also potential concerns. Diligent infection prevention measures are implemented to minimize the risk of infections. Bleeding can usually be controlled with direct pressure or, in rare cases, may require surgical intervention. 3.2 Factors Influencing Risks and Considerations for Certain Individuals Various factors influence the risks associated with pulmonary artery catheterization. For older adults, there may be an increased risk due to age-related changes in blood vessels. Additionally, individuals with higher pressure in their lung vessels may be more susceptible to complications during the procedure. It is crucial for healthcare providers to consider these factors when evaluating the risks and benefits of pulmonary artery catheterization for individual patients. Section 4: Preparations and Requirements Before the Procedure 4.1 Preparing for a Successful Procedure Proper preparations are essential to ensure a smooth and successful pulmonary artery catheterization. Prior to the procedure, patients are typically required to fast for several hours to minimize the risk of aspiration. Healthcare providers may also adjust medications, such as blood thinners, to prevent excessive bleeding during or after the procedure. Depending on the patient’s condition, additional tests may be necessary, such as a chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, blood tests, or an echocardiogram. These tests help provide a comprehensive assessment and guide the healthcare team during the procedure. 4.2 Vital Instructions and Precautions from Healthcare Providers Patients can expect to receive specific instructions from their healthcare providers regarding the preparation for pulmonary artery catheterization. It is essential to closely follow these instructions, as they may include dietary restrictions, guidelines for medication management, and necessary information about the procedure itself. Any concerns or questions should be addressed with the healthcare provider prior to the scheduled catheterization to ensure a thorough understanding and promote patient confidence. Conclusion: Empowering Patients through Knowledge and Preparation By acknowledging and addressing the risks and preparations associated with pulmonary artery catheterization, healthcare providers can promote patient safety and facilitate smooth procedural experiences. Understanding the potential complications, considering individual risk factors, and following healthcare provider guidance for preparation helps ensure the best possible outcomes for patients undergoing this integral procedure. With knowledge and preparation as our allies, we stand ready to champion the well-being of every individual who embarks on the journey of pulmonary artery catheterization. Title: Navigating the Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Journey: During and After the ProcedureEnsuring a Smooth Journey Through Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Pulmonary artery catheterization is a complex procedure that requires meticulous planning, skilled healthcare providers, and comprehensive post-procedure care. In this informative addition, we will delve into the intricacies of what happens during and after a pulmonary artery catheterization. We will explore the steps involved, the healthcare team’s involvement, post-procedure care, and the instructions patients receive for a successful recovery. By providing a thorough understanding of the process, we aim to empower patients to navigate this important procedure with confidence. Section 5: What Happens During a Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 5.1 Steps of the Procedure: Unraveling the Intricacies During a pulmonary artery catheterization, patients are usually awake and conscious throughout the procedure. Vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, are closely monitored during the entirety of the procedure to ensure patient safety. The process begins with the selection of an appropriate insertion site, typically the jugular or femoral vein. Before insertion, the site is numbed with local anesthetic to minimize discomfort. Once the patient is prepared, a needle is carefully inserted through the skin and into the selected vein. This is followed by the placement of a flexible tube called a catheter. The catheter is then advanced through the vein, guided by fluoroscopy or X-ray imaging to ensure accurate placement in the right atrium, right ventricle, and ultimately, the pulmonary artery. Once the catheter is in position, a small balloon at the tip may be inflated to assist in securing the catheter and further ensure proper placement. X-ray guidance is used to confirm the location of the catheter, ensuring its proper positioning within the pulmonary artery. 5.2 Nursing and Medical Team Involvement: A Collaborative Effort The success of a pulmonary artery catheterization relies on the expertise and teamwork of healthcare providers. A special team of nurses, trained in catheterization procedures, may be involved in assisting the healthcare provider throughout the process. The procedure may take place in a specialized area, such as a catheterization lab or an intensive care unit. Throughout the procedure, X-ray observations are continuously monitored to aid in proper catheter placement and to ensure the best possible outcomes for the patient. Section 6: What Happens After a Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 6.1 Post-Procedure Care and Monitoring: Ensuring Comfort and Recovery After the procedure is complete, patients may experience slight grogginess due to the numbing medicine and sedation used during the process. Vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, continue to be closely monitored to ensure stability. A chest X-ray may be performed to confirm the accurate placement of the catheter and to check for any signs of complications. Depending on the patient’s condition and the healthcare team’s judgment, a hospital stay may be required for further monitoring and management. The length of the hospital stay can vary, but it is essential for patients to follow the healthcare provider’s guidance regarding activities, medications, and any necessary restrictions during this time. Pain or discomfort is typically minimal after the procedure, and healthcare providers will monitor and manage any discomfort appropriately. 6.2 Instructions and Follow-Up Care: Empowering Patients in Their Recovery Upon discharge from the hospital, patients will receive specific instructions for their recovery. These instructions may include guidelines for exercise and physical activity, medications, dietary restrictions, and any necessary follow-up visits. It is crucial for patients to adhere to these instructions to promote a smooth recovery and minimize the risk of complications. Patients should also be aware of potential warning signs and symptoms, such as excessive bleeding, chest pain, or signs of infection, and promptly report them to their healthcare provider. Conclusion: A Collaborative Journey Towards Optimal Health Understanding the intricacies of what happens during and after a pulmonary artery catheterization is crucial for patients embarking on this critical procedure. By shedding light on the steps involved, the healthcare team’s involvement, post-procedure care, and the importance of following instructions, we aim to empower patients to actively participate in their recovery. With the collaboration between healthcare providers, patients, and support systems, the journey through pulmonary artery catheterization can lead to optimal health and improved quality of life. Title: Moving Forward with Confidence: Next Steps After Pulmonary Artery CatheterizationNurturing a Successful Journey Towards Recovery Completing a pulmonary artery catheterization is a significant milestone in the path toward improved health and wellness. As patients move forward from the procedure, it is essential to remain vigilant and proactive in their recovery. In this comprehensive addition, we will explore the key considerations and reminders for patients, as well as the importance of reporting and adhering to post-discharge instructions. By embracing these essential steps, individuals can foster a successful recovery and optimize their well-being. Section 7: Next Steps After Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 7.1 Key Considerations and Reminders for the Patient Following a pulmonary artery catheterization, patients should take the time to reflect on their journey and ensure a thorough understanding of the procedure. It is important to remember that you have the right to be fully informed about the test or procedure being performed. If there are any lingering questions or uncertainties, seek clarification from your healthcare provider. An informed patient is better equipped to actively participate in their recovery. Recovering from a pulmonary artery catheterization may take time, so be patient and allow yourself to heal. Listen to your body and rest when needed. Take any prescribed medications exactly as instructed, including pain relief or antibiotics. If you experience any new or unusual symptoms during your recovery, promptly share them with your healthcare provider for appropriate evaluation. Post-procedure visits are critical to monitor your progress and ensure a successful recovery. Attend scheduled follow-up appointments and adhere to any recommended diagnostic tests or imaging studies. These visits allow your healthcare provider to assess your recovery, address any concerns, and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan. 7.2 Reporting and Adherence After Discharge: Ensuring a Complete Recovery After being discharged from the hospital, it is crucial to remain vigilant and take an active role in your recovery. Keep in mind the following guidelines to help aid in a successful healing process: 1. Reporting Symptoms: Pay attention to your body and promptly report any concerning symptoms or changes. If you develop a fever, experience persistent pain or drainage from the insertion site, or encounter any severe symptoms that you are unsure about, immediately reach out to your healthcare provider. Reporting and addressing potential complications early can prevent further issues or complications from arising. 2. Adhering to Medication Regimens: Take prescribed medications exactly as instructed by your healthcare provider. This includes both post-procedure medications, such as pain relief or antibiotics, as well as any other medications you may have been taking prior to the procedure. Adherence to medication regimens is crucial for managing pain, preventing infection, and supporting your overall recovery. 3. Exercise and Physical Activity: Follow the exercise guidelines provided by your healthcare provider. Engaging in light physical activity, as recommended, can promote overall well-being and aid in the recovery process. However, avoid strenuous activities or heavy lifting until given approval by your healthcare provider. 4. Dietary Considerations: Maintain a healthy, balanced diet as recommended by your healthcare provider. Proper nutrition plays a vital role in recovery, supporting your body’s healing processes and overall wellness. 5. Wound Care: If you have an incision site from the catheter insertion, follow the specific wound care instructions given by your healthcare provider. Keep the area clean and monitor for any signs of infection or complications, such as redness, swelling, or increased pain. 6. Communication with Healthcare Provider: Stay in close contact with your healthcare provider throughout your recovery. Be forthcoming with any questions, concerns, or changes in your symptoms, as open communication is essential for your overall well-being and successful recovery. Conclusion: Embracing the Next Steps on the Path to Wellness As patients transition from the immediate aftermath of a pulmonary artery catheterization, the next steps become crucial in ensuring a complete recovery. By maintaining open communication with healthcare providers, adhering to post-discharge instructions and guidelines, and promptly reporting any concerning symptoms or changes, individuals can confidently move forward on their path to wellness. Embrace these next steps wholeheartedly, knowing that your active involvement and commitment to your recovery will pave the way for an optimal and healthy future. In conclusion, pulmonary artery catheterization is a vital procedure that allows for accurate diagnosis and management of complex cardiovascular conditions. Understanding the risks, preparations, and steps involved during and after the procedure is crucial for patients to actively participate in their recovery. Key considerations include being well-informed, following healthcare provider instructions, reporting symptoms promptly, and adhering to medication regimens. By embracing these steps, patients can ensure a successful journey towards improved health and wellness. Remember, your active involvement and commitment to your recovery are paramount in achieving optimal outcomes and a brighter future for your well-being.

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