lyzylyzy/PN · Datasets at Hugging Face

idx int64 0 670	sentence stringlengths 39 1.39k	label int64 0 1
200	Hypertension was defined as having a systolic BP _140 mm Hg or a diastolic BP _90 mm Hg or being on antihypertensive drugs.	1
201	Three categories of pre-existent disease-namely, angina, prolonged severe chest pain, and electrocardiographic ischaemia-were defined in a standard manner.	0
202	Ventricular arrhythmia was either ventricular tachycardia, a run of 7 ventricular premature depolarizations at a rate greater than 120 beat min 1, or the occurrence of greater than 30 ventricular premature depolarizations per hour.	1
203	A Hickman catheter infection was denoted as either a local erythema at the exit site with purulent drainage positive for a single or p redominant organism or inflammation (including re d n e s s and tenderness) at least 1 cm or more up the line from the exit site or at any other point along the tract with an associated positive blood culture in the absence of a positive local site culture.	1
204	We did not classify use of a medication that was likely to cause symptoms when a good alternative was not available as an ME. All signals were classified as either excluded, ADEs, ADE/MEs, and potential ADE/MEs.	0
205	of patients (%) speciation by biochemical methods: COz requirement, urease activity, and growth on basic fuchsin and thionin symptoms dyes.	0
206	A medical history was taken and clinical examination was performed.	0
207	The costs associated with tamoxifen hormonal therapy were obtained from the pharmacy departments of the Ottawa Civic and General hospitals.	0
208	The primary end point was in-hospital death, recurrent myocardial infarction, or recurrent ischemia requiring angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).	0
209	From the randomly selected HPFS controls, 61% agreed to participate, and 81% of those completed the collection.	0
210	We also compared the use of lipid-lowering agents and antithrombotic agents in patients with associated coronary or peripheral arterial disease and the use of anticoagulation in patients in atrial fibrillation (AF).	0
211	Because the interaction between ACE inhibitors and aspirin may be confined to patients with heart failure, a subgroup analysis of patients with heart failure was carried out.	0
212	Noncardiovascular hospital admissions were analyzed under the trial categories of malignancy (including lymphoma, myeloma and malignant melanoma but excluding minor skin cancers), psychiatric diagnoses, trauma and other causes.	0
213	Patients with acute MI had two of three criteria: chest pain lasting gt;30 min, rise and fall of creatine kinase with MB fraction gt;4% and new pathologic Q waves of gt;0.04 s duration (16).	1
214	The independent predictors of cardiac catheterization were defined by developing a multivariable logistic regression model estimating the use of angiography as a dichotomous outcome.	0
215	In order to calculate the kappa coefficients, self-reported mixed skin colour was collapsed with light mulatto and dark mulatto.	0
216	Hypercholesterolemia was treated with pravastatin and acipimox.	0
217	Low cardiac output syndrome was denned as the need for intniaortic balloon pumping or prolonged (>24 h) need of inotropic drugs, or both.	0
218	Intraoperative exclusion criteria included a complicated intraoperative course, cardiopulmonary bypass time exceeding 3 hours, or insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump.	0
219	Cardiovascular diagnoses included a history of severe and/or uncontrolled hypertension (defined as repeated systolic blood pressures gt; 160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressures gt; 100 mm Hg), a history of hypertension that was treated with medications, any history of ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, intrinsic valvular disease, history of cardiotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy involving the chest, or with moderately severe obesity defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2.	1
220	Study outcome Reinfarction was defined as recurrence of clinical symptoms (or new electrocardiographic changes) and new elevation of creatine kinase (CK) or CK-MB within 30 days after hospital admission.	1
221	Of the invasive cancers, over 769,000 were diagnosed among parents and 166,000 among offspring.	0
222	All patients who underwent ASO for TGA or DORV between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 1996 were included.	0
223	Once the patient had survived the acute episode of dissection without surgical intervention, operation after an initial consultation for a now chronic type B dissection was usually recommended if the aneurysm exceeded 5 cm in maximal diameter or appeared to be expanding rapidly, if the patient reported continuing pain, or both.	0
224	Patients who had no evidence of structural heart disease or whose disease was sufficiently mild not to require specific therapy (e.g., aortic stenosis treated by valve replacement) were included.	0
225	7 Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction was defined as positive pressure mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days, and hepatic dysfunction was defined as a lactate dehydrogenase level of more than 500 mg/dL and either a total serum bilirubin level of more than 3.0 mg/dL or a serum transaminase level of more than 200 mg/dL.	1
226	Time-to-failure curves were compared with log-rank tests for (1) total mortality (death) and (2) first complication or death across the entire follow-up period.	0
227	Medications The daily cost of outpatient medications prescribed to manage symptoms during a relapse episode (e.g., amitriptyline, baclofen) was included in the cost estimates derived for each level of management.	0
228	Background characteristics of the recipients are included in Table 1. Donor data We recorded donor demographic characteristics, arterial blood gas analysis, x-ray reports, and preremoval bronchoscopic results collected from United Network for Organ Sharing records.	0
229	In order to include any hospitalization for preoperative tests and procedures, and to incorporate readmissions associated with surgical complications, all hospital admissions up to 30 days prior to, and 60 days after the admission date for surgery, were included in the length of stay calculations.	0
230	Significant CAD was defined as _70% lumen narrowing of a major epicardial artery or its branches.	1
231	The principal exclusion criteria were previous MI or coronary revascularization, angina pectoris requiring hospitalization within the previous 12 months and life-threatening noncardiac illness.	0
232	The duration of a relapse episode also varies and may last up to several months[6].	0
233	Analysis was thereafter focused on patients treated with ACE inhibitors with and without aspirin.	0
234	Patients with chronic systemic disease of any kind were also not eligible for the study.	0
235	Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women	0
236	We examined articles to see if the authors named a primary outcome variable.	0
237	Follow-up All patients were prospectively followed for an average of 2.5 1.5 years for the date and occurrence of cardiac death as a primary end point.	0
238	The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was based on a history of prolonged ischemic chest pain, characteristic electrocardiographic changes and elevation of cardiac enzymes.	1
239	An MI was considered present at enrollment if the creatine kinase (CK)-MB level was above normal (and _3% of total CK) for samples at 0 h (baseline) or 8 h after enrollment, or both.	1
240	The association between the four categorical measurements of severity of atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta and the continuous variables was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA).	0
241	In this regard, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and the risk for NIDDM among Koreans.	0
242	We excluded non-CHD-related deaths by subtracting the estimated number of CHD-related deaths from the total number of deaths taken from Canadian life tables.24 Estimation ofrecurrent CHD events We estimated the annual risk of secondary CHD events (sudden death, fatal MI, nonfatal MI and congestive heart failure [CHF]) using recurrence rates from the Framingham study.28 We assumed that patients experiencing primary coronary insufficiency had the same risk of a secondary event as those with primary MI.29 We combined the primary and secondary events in each year after immigration to estimate the prevalence of CHD events necessitating admission to hospital.	1
243	Adequacy of evolving national standardized terminologies for interdisciplinary coded concepts in an automated clinical pathway	0
244	These assumptions are that: all patients in Canada have equal access to diagnosis and treatment; only diagnostic tests essential to the diagnosis of breast cancer are included and treatment patterns are representative of current `standard Canadian practice.	0
245	For the others the standard anatomical dimensions of the French population corresponding to the same sex and age were used.	0
246	A second cTnI concentration of 0.5 m g litre_1 was chosen for reference only because local experience demonstrated that this had the greatest diagnostic efficiency for acute myocardial infarction (84% sensitivity and 95% specificity).	1
247	The diagnosis of UA was made when typical chest pain occurred in any of the following presentations: 1) progressive angina (i.e., increase in the number of angina pectoris attacks or progressive decrease in physical exertion in the last month); 2) angina at rest (i.e., ischemic-type chest pain at rest of less than 20-min duration); 3) prolonged angina (i.e., ischemic-type chest pain lasting more than 20 min); and 4) variant angina (i.e., ischemic-type chest pain at rest with ST-segment elevation).	1
248	Renal failure was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of at least 2.0mg/dl during the sepsis episode if creatinine was below 1.5mg/dl at baseline, or an absolute increase of 1.0mg/dl or more if baseline creatinine was at least 1.5. Liver failure was defined as present if total bilirubin was 2.0mg/dl or greater, and either the alkaline phosphatase or a transaminase level was greater than twice normal, in the absence of confounding disease.	1
249	tp < 0 05 in direction contrary to expected effect of guidelines.	0
250	We also included sudden deaths (defined as death within 1 h of onset of symptoms; 12.3% of fatal CHD).	1
251	Cellulitis was defined as a localized erythema and swelling associated with either a positive aspirate or biopsy culture for an organism other than coagulasenegative Staphylococcus or a positive blood culture (or two positive blood cultures when the organism was coagulasenegative Staphylococcus) in the absence of a positive local culture.	1
252	Relationship of glucose and insulin levels to the risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study	0
253	Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was tested using a score recently developed in our laboratory (Perugia score), which requires positivity of _1 of the following three criteria: SV3+ RaVL gt;2.4 mV (men) or gt;2.0 mV (women), left ventricular strain, a Romhilt-Estes score of _5 points (15,16).	1
254	Statistical analysis In order to estimate the expected number of cancers, by sex, 5-year calendar period and 5 years of attained age, we used data from the Danish Cancer Registry (Parkin et al, 1992).	0
255	Diagnostic, staging, treatment and survival data were obtained from several Canadian provincial breast cancer registries, including the Northern Alberta Breast Cancer Registry (1971- 1988), the Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation (1985-1992), the British Columbia Cancer Agency (1989-1994), as well as a special staging study by the Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation and the Manitoba Medical Services Foundation of all breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1990 (Sloan and Nemecek, 1995).	0
256	Statistical analysis Initially, the demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were compared among subjects with and without renal insufficiency, using the t test and chi-squared tests where appropriate.	0
257	Age was defined as the subjects_ age at the time of medical examination.	0
258	Methods: A decision-analytic model was developed to estimate costs and effects (weeks with heartburn symptoms and quality adjusted life years [QALYs]) for each strategy.	0
259	Renal dysfunction included patients with creatinine concentration greater than 2.0, patients receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or patients who had received a kidney transplant.	1
260	Recurrent DVT was defined as an extension of thrombus or development of new thrombus in a previously unaffected vein segment detected by ultrasound scan or venography.	1
261	Prolongation of the corrected QT interval (_440) in the resting ECG excluded patients from evaluation for the present study.	0
262	SOURCES OF DATA Management of pregnancy and outcomeDetailed and complete information about all deliveries in this hospital is recorded on the computerised Oxford Obstetric Data System.	0
263	The POHEM model assigned diagnostic work-up, treatment, disease progression and survival characteristics to each individual in these cohorts and tabulated the costs associated with each.	0
264	A diagnosis of stroke was made if the patient had a new neurologic deficit lasting more than 24 h, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans were available in the majority of cases.	1
265	__ecurrent ischemia_ was defined as clinical symptoms associated with either new electrocardiographic ST segment or T wave changes, hypotension, new murmur, CK-MB elevation or necessity for urgent repeat PTCA or CABG.	1
266	Selection of risk factors for septicemia was guided by our review of the literature and clinical knowledge.	0
267	Due to the nature of dialysis treatment, neither the nephrologist nor the patient was blind for the assigned treatment.	0
268	Chest pain was classified according to the four categories of Diamond (21).	0
269	Methods Patient population All patients who had a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Duke University Medical Center between July 1, 1997, and December 31, 1998, were eligible for this study.	0
270	Definite hypertension was defined by systolic BP _160 mm Hg or diastolic BP _95 mm Hg or a clinical history of hypertension requiring an antihypertensive medication.	1
271	Management Standardized protocols for the assessment and treatment of breast cancer were used within the unit throughout the study period, although these evolved over time.	0
272	Only those referred specifically for evaluation of the presence of coronary disease and who did not have a history of prior myocardial infarction or coronary arteriography were considered.	0
273	2 With the patient interview as the source of the information, the rate of each symptom was determined (per 1000 anaesthetics) as well as the proportion of patients who reported the symptom as being severe (visual analogue scale score of 3 or more) or having been treated for that symptom.	0
274	The diagnosis of Q-wave MI was determined by ECG criteria of a 2-step Q-wave change as defined by the Minnesota code.	1
275	Age-specific rates for women, men, and both were calculated for each interventional procedure by using the Ontario age-stratified and sex-stratified population for the relevant year as the denominator.	0
276	The values of BMI were categorised according to the recommendations from WHO (1997) regarding the classification of BMI in adults: Underweight BMIo18.5 Normal range BMI 18.5-24.9 Overweight (without further consideration to defined subgroups) BMI X25.0 Annual BMI change was calculated as the difference between the two BMI measurements divided by observation time in years ((BMI-2 a BMI-1) yearsa1).	1
277	The potential relationship between clinical features of HCM and disease-related morbidity during pregnancy was investigated in patients evaluated at the participating centers either shortly before or within five years of their pregnancy.	0
278	For a total of 14,697 patients with an established diagnosis of coronary artery disease screened for inclusion in the BIP study, mortality follow-up was available and they constituted the population in the BIP registry.	0
279	Patients-3273 patients first registered with carcinoma of the oesophagus during 1985-9, 789 of whom were excluded because of incomplete data, leaving 2484 (7599%) for further analysis.	0
280	Wasting was defined according to the 1987 CDC classification system for children (14).	0
281	To provide the opportunity to both develop risk scores and test their validity within a single data set, all patients were randomly assigned to either a derivation subset or a validation subset.	0
282	Hyperlipidemia was reported by the physician and determined by a serum cholesterol value gt;240 mg/dl (6.2 mmol/l) or current antihyperlipidemic treatment.	1
283	However, in the absence of Canadian data, the rates of primary CHD events such as sudden death, fatal MI, coronary insufficiency and angina were calculated from the age and sex distribution of CHD events in the United States, as determined by Hartunian, Smart and Thompson27 with the use of data from the Framingham study.	1
284	Finally, patients with catecholaminergic VT (13), defined as occurrence of syncope due to polymorphic VT during exercise, were also not eligible for the present study.	1
285	The two surgeons then scored the questionnaire independently; each allocated a score of zero to all response categories considered normal and scores to all other categories in proportion to their perceived contribution to severity.	0
286	We randomly selected 236 of the 315 physicians identified.	0
287	Seventy-two of these patients were discharged before they could be invited to participate, and 47 were deemed ineligible because of language barriers, use of azathioprine suspension, or care setting (for example, nursing home).	0
288	In this study pertussis was defined as cough for 7 days or longer and one or more of the following criteria: (a) positive pertussis culture, (b) isolation of B. pertussis from a family member whose cough began within 28 days of the onset of the episode studied (before or after), (c) significant rise in PT IgG, and (d) significant rise in FHA IgG.	1
289	The aspirin component of the trial was terminated on January 25, 1988, principally because of a 44% reduction in the incidence of first myocardial infarction among the aspirin group.	0
290	We defined AMI as either an elevation of the creatine kinase-MB fraction level (gt;5%), an elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels above normal with reversal of isoenzymes (LDH1gt;LDH2), or the presence of at least two of the following criteria: chest pain during the prior 48 h, a twofold elevation in creatine kinase, and diagnostic electrocardiographic changes (ST-segment elevation or new Q waves).	1
291	Articles Fetal Growth and Maternal Exposure to Particulate Matter during Pregnancy Jan Deimek, Sherry G. Selevan,2 Ivan Benes,3 Ivo SolanskY and Radim J. Srim1 1Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Regional Institute of Hygiene of Central Bohemia and Institute of Experimental Medicine, Prague, Videniska, Czech Republic; 2National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA; 3District Institute of Hygiene, Teplice, Czech Republic Prior studies reported an association between ambient air concentrations oftotal suspended partides and S02 during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes.	0
292	Enrollment evaluations included complete physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), standard laboratory assessment, and total creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB isoenzymes.	0
293	CALCULATED PARAMETERS FEV, and VC were converted to percent predicted according to the methods of Crapo (14).	0
294	The original weights from the Pryor model were tested to assess their fit in the current series.	0
295	2, 5 Follow-up intervals Many patients underwent more than the 2 follow-up studies considered in the tables.	0
296	Patients included in the program had symptomatic (gt;50% diameter) or asymptomatic (gt;80%) carotid recurrent stenosis after previous CEA; symptomatic (gt;50%) or asymptomatic (gt;80%) primary carotid stenosis with a history of radiation to the ipsilateral neck; and symptomatic (gt;50%) or asymptomatic (gt;80%) primary carotid stenosis with one or more medical comorbidity, including coronary artery disease requiring angioplasty or bypass grafting within the 6 months before carotid intervention, history of congestive heart failure (CHF), current ejection fraction less than 30%, steroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or measured forced expiratory volume in 1 second less than 30% of predicted.	0
297	Definitions HCM In each patient, the diagnosis of HCM was based on the two-dimensional echocardiographic identification of a hypertrophied and nondilated LV (wall thickness _15 mm in adults, or the equivalent, relative to body surface area, in children) (21)in the absence of another cardiac or systemic disease capable of producing a comparable magnitude of LV hypertrophy (19).	1
298	The two sets of scores were then averaged and resealed to yield total scores between zero and 100; zero is reserved for patients with no evidence of varicose veins and 100 for patients ticking the most severe response to each question (for example, In the last two weeks my varicose veins caused me pain or ache for more than 10 days; severe ankle swelling; and to wear support stockings every day ).	0
299	In event-free patients, those without operation or rupture, the most recent scan was compared with the initial follow-up study if 6 months of uneventful follow-up could be documented.	0

200

Hypertension was defined as having a systolic BP _140 mm Hg or a diastolic BP _90 mm Hg or being on antihypertensive drugs.

1

201

Three categories of pre-existent disease-namely, angina, prolonged severe chest pain, and electrocardiographic ischaemia-were defined in a standard manner.

0

202

Ventricular arrhythmia was either ventricular tachycardia, a run of 7 ventricular premature depolarizations at a rate greater than 120 beat min 1, or the occurrence of greater than 30 ventricular premature depolarizations per hour.

1

203

A Hickman catheter infection was denoted as either a local erythema at the exit site with purulent drainage positive for a single or p redominant organism or inflammation (including re d n e s s and tenderness) at least 1 cm or more up the line from the exit site or at any other point along the tract with an associated positive blood culture in the absence of a positive local site culture.

1

204

We did not classify use of a medication that was likely to cause symptoms when a good alternative was not available as an ME. All signals were classified as either excluded, ADEs, ADE/MEs, and potential ADE/MEs.

0

205

of patients (%) speciation by biochemical methods: COz requirement, urease activity, and growth on basic fuchsin and thionin symptoms dyes.

0

206

A medical history was taken and clinical examination was performed.

0

207

The costs associated with tamoxifen hormonal therapy were obtained from the pharmacy departments of the Ottawa Civic and General hospitals.

0

208

The primary end point was in-hospital death, recurrent myocardial infarction, or recurrent ischemia requiring angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).

0

209

From the randomly selected HPFS controls, 61% agreed to participate, and 81% of those completed the collection.

0

210

We also compared the use of lipid-lowering agents and antithrombotic agents in patients with associated coronary or peripheral arterial disease and the use of anticoagulation in patients in atrial fibrillation (AF).

0

211

Because the interaction between ACE inhibitors and aspirin may be confined to patients with heart failure, a subgroup analysis of patients with heart failure was carried out.

0

212

Noncardiovascular hospital admissions were analyzed under the trial categories of malignancy (including lymphoma, myeloma and malignant melanoma but excluding minor skin cancers), psychiatric diagnoses, trauma and other causes.

0

213

Patients with acute MI had two of three criteria: chest pain lasting gt;30 min, rise and fall of creatine kinase with MB fraction gt;4% and new pathologic Q waves of gt;0.04 s duration (16).

1

214

The independent predictors of cardiac catheterization were defined by developing a multivariable logistic regression model estimating the use of angiography as a dichotomous outcome.

0

215

In order to calculate the kappa coefficients, self-reported mixed skin colour was collapsed with light mulatto and dark mulatto.

0

216

Hypercholesterolemia was treated with pravastatin and acipimox.

0

217

Low cardiac output syndrome was denned as the need for intniaortic balloon pumping or prolonged (>24 h) need of inotropic drugs, or both.

0

218

Intraoperative exclusion criteria included a complicated intraoperative course, cardiopulmonary bypass time exceeding 3 hours, or insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump.

0

219

Cardiovascular diagnoses included a history of severe and/or uncontrolled hypertension (defined as repeated systolic blood pressures gt; 160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressures gt; 100 mm Hg), a history of hypertension that was treated with medications, any history of ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, intrinsic valvular disease, history of cardiotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy involving the chest, or with moderately severe obesity defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2.

1

220

Study outcome Reinfarction was defined as recurrence of clinical symptoms (or new electrocardiographic changes) and new elevation of creatine kinase (CK) or CK-MB within 30 days after hospital admission.

1

221

Of the invasive cancers, over 769,000 were diagnosed among parents and 166,000 among offspring.

0

222

All patients who underwent ASO for TGA or DORV between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 1996 were included.

0

223

Once the patient had survived the acute episode of dissection without surgical intervention, operation after an initial consultation for a now chronic type B dissection was usually recommended if the aneurysm exceeded 5 cm in maximal diameter or appeared to be expanding rapidly, if the patient reported continuing pain, or both.

0

224

Patients who had no evidence of structural heart disease or whose disease was sufficiently mild not to require specific therapy (e.g., aortic stenosis treated by valve replacement) were included.

0

225

7 Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction was defined as positive pressure mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days, and hepatic dysfunction was defined as a lactate dehydrogenase level of more than 500 mg/dL and either a total serum bilirubin level of more than 3.0 mg/dL or a serum transaminase level of more than 200 mg/dL.

1

226

Time-to-failure curves were compared with log-rank tests for (1) total mortality (death) and (2) first complication or death across the entire follow-up period.

0

227

Medications The daily cost of outpatient medications prescribed to manage symptoms during a relapse episode (e.g., amitriptyline, baclofen) was included in the cost estimates derived for each level of management.

0

228

Background characteristics of the recipients are included in Table 1. Donor data We recorded donor demographic characteristics, arterial blood gas analysis, x-ray reports, and preremoval bronchoscopic results collected from United Network for Organ Sharing records.

0

229

In order to include any hospitalization for preoperative tests and procedures, and to incorporate readmissions associated with surgical complications, all hospital admissions up to 30 days prior to, and 60 days after the admission date for surgery, were included in the length of stay calculations.

0

230

Significant CAD was defined as _70% lumen narrowing of a major epicardial artery or its branches.

1

231

The principal exclusion criteria were previous MI or coronary revascularization, angina pectoris requiring hospitalization within the previous 12 months and life-threatening noncardiac illness.

0

232

The duration of a relapse episode also varies and may last up to several months[6].

0

233

Analysis was thereafter focused on patients treated with ACE inhibitors with and without aspirin.

0

234

Patients with chronic systemic disease of any kind were also not eligible for the study.

0

235

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women

0

236

We examined articles to see if the authors named a primary outcome variable.

0

237

Follow-up All patients were prospectively followed for an average of 2.5 1.5 years for the date and occurrence of cardiac death as a primary end point.

0

238

The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was based on a history of prolonged ischemic chest pain, characteristic electrocardiographic changes and elevation of cardiac enzymes.

1

239

An MI was considered present at enrollment if the creatine kinase (CK)-MB level was above normal (and _3% of total CK) for samples at 0 h (baseline) or 8 h after enrollment, or both.

1

240

The association between the four categorical measurements of severity of atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta and the continuous variables was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA).

0

241

In this regard, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and the risk for NIDDM among Koreans.

0

242

We excluded non-CHD-related deaths by subtracting the estimated number of CHD-related deaths from the total number of deaths taken from Canadian life tables.24 Estimation ofrecurrent CHD events We estimated the annual risk of secondary CHD events (sudden death, fatal MI, nonfatal MI and congestive heart failure [CHF]) using recurrence rates from the Framingham study.28 We assumed that patients experiencing primary coronary insufficiency had the same risk of a secondary event as those with primary MI.29 We combined the primary and secondary events in each year after immigration to estimate the prevalence of CHD events necessitating admission to hospital.

1

243

Adequacy of evolving national standardized terminologies for interdisciplinary coded concepts in an automated clinical pathway

0

244

These assumptions are that: all patients in Canada have equal access to diagnosis and treatment; only diagnostic tests essential to the diagnosis of breast cancer are included and treatment patterns are representative of current `standard Canadian practice.

0

245

For the others the standard anatomical dimensions of the French population corresponding to the same sex and age were used.

0

246

A second cTnI concentration of 0.5 m g litre_1 was chosen for reference only because local experience demonstrated that this had the greatest diagnostic efficiency for acute myocardial infarction (84% sensitivity and 95% specificity).

1

247

The diagnosis of UA was made when typical chest pain occurred in any of the following presentations: 1) progressive angina (i.e., increase in the number of angina pectoris attacks or progressive decrease in physical exertion in the last month); 2) angina at rest (i.e., ischemic-type chest pain at rest of less than 20-min duration); 3) prolonged angina (i.e., ischemic-type chest pain lasting more than 20 min); and 4) variant angina (i.e., ischemic-type chest pain at rest with ST-segment elevation).

1

248

Renal failure was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of at least 2.0mg/dl during the sepsis episode if creatinine was below 1.5mg/dl at baseline, or an absolute increase of 1.0mg/dl or more if baseline creatinine was at least 1.5. Liver failure was defined as present if total bilirubin was 2.0mg/dl or greater, and either the alkaline phosphatase or a transaminase level was greater than twice normal, in the absence of confounding disease.

1

249

tp < 0 05 in direction contrary to expected effect of guidelines.

0

250

We also included sudden deaths (defined as death within 1 h of onset of symptoms; 12.3% of fatal CHD).

1

251

Cellulitis was defined as a localized erythema and swelling associated with either a positive aspirate or biopsy culture for an organism other than coagulasenegative Staphylococcus or a positive blood culture (or two positive blood cultures when the organism was coagulasenegative Staphylococcus) in the absence of a positive local culture.

1

252

Relationship of glucose and insulin levels to the risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study

0

253

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was tested using a score recently developed in our laboratory (Perugia score), which requires positivity of _1 of the following three criteria: SV3+ RaVL gt;2.4 mV (men) or gt;2.0 mV (women), left ventricular strain, a Romhilt-Estes score of _5 points (15,16).

1

254

Statistical analysis In order to estimate the expected number of cancers, by sex, 5-year calendar period and 5 years of attained age, we used data from the Danish Cancer Registry (Parkin et al, 1992).

0

255

Diagnostic, staging, treatment and survival data were obtained from several Canadian provincial breast cancer registries, including the Northern Alberta Breast Cancer Registry (1971- 1988), the Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation (1985-1992), the British Columbia Cancer Agency (1989-1994), as well as a special staging study by the Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation and the Manitoba Medical Services Foundation of all breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1990 (Sloan and Nemecek, 1995).

0

256

Statistical analysis Initially, the demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were compared among subjects with and without renal insufficiency, using the t test and chi-squared tests where appropriate.

0

257

Age was defined as the subjects_ age at the time of medical examination.

0

258

Methods: A decision-analytic model was developed to estimate costs and effects (weeks with heartburn symptoms and quality adjusted life years [QALYs]) for each strategy.

0

259

Renal dysfunction included patients with creatinine concentration greater than 2.0, patients receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or patients who had received a kidney transplant.

1

260

Recurrent DVT was defined as an extension of thrombus or development of new thrombus in a previously unaffected vein segment detected by ultrasound scan or venography.

1

261

Prolongation of the corrected QT interval (_440) in the resting ECG excluded patients from evaluation for the present study.

0

262

SOURCES OF DATA Management of pregnancy and outcomeDetailed and complete information about all deliveries in this hospital is recorded on the computerised Oxford Obstetric Data System.

0

263

The POHEM model assigned diagnostic work-up, treatment, disease progression and survival characteristics to each individual in these cohorts and tabulated the costs associated with each.

0

264

A diagnosis of stroke was made if the patient had a new neurologic deficit lasting more than 24 h, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans were available in the majority of cases.

1

265

__ecurrent ischemia_ was defined as clinical symptoms associated with either new electrocardiographic ST segment or T wave changes, hypotension, new murmur, CK-MB elevation or necessity for urgent repeat PTCA or CABG.

1

266

Selection of risk factors for septicemia was guided by our review of the literature and clinical knowledge.

0

267

Due to the nature of dialysis treatment, neither the nephrologist nor the patient was blind for the assigned treatment.

0

268

Chest pain was classified according to the four categories of Diamond (21).

0

269

Methods Patient population All patients who had a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Duke University Medical Center between July 1, 1997, and December 31, 1998, were eligible for this study.

0

270

Definite hypertension was defined by systolic BP _160 mm Hg or diastolic BP _95 mm Hg or a clinical history of hypertension requiring an antihypertensive medication.

1

271

Management Standardized protocols for the assessment and treatment of breast cancer were used within the unit throughout the study period, although these evolved over time.

0

272

Only those referred specifically for evaluation of the presence of coronary disease and who did not have a history of prior myocardial infarction or coronary arteriography were considered.

0

273

2 With the patient interview as the source of the information, the rate of each symptom was determined (per 1000 anaesthetics) as well as the proportion of patients who reported the symptom as being severe (visual analogue scale score of 3 or more) or having been treated for that symptom.

0

274

The diagnosis of Q-wave MI was determined by ECG criteria of a 2-step Q-wave change as defined by the Minnesota code.

1

275

Age-specific rates for women, men, and both were calculated for each interventional procedure by using the Ontario age-stratified and sex-stratified population for the relevant year as the denominator.

0

276

The values of BMI were categorised according to the recommendations from WHO (1997) regarding the classification of BMI in adults: Underweight BMIo18.5 Normal range BMI 18.5-24.9 Overweight (without further consideration to defined subgroups) BMI X25.0 Annual BMI change was calculated as the difference between the two BMI measurements divided by observation time in years ((BMI-2 a BMI-1) yearsa1).

1

277

The potential relationship between clinical features of HCM and disease-related morbidity during pregnancy was investigated in patients evaluated at the participating centers either shortly before or within five years of their pregnancy.

0

278

For a total of 14,697 patients with an established diagnosis of coronary artery disease screened for inclusion in the BIP study, mortality follow-up was available and they constituted the population in the BIP registry.

0

279

Patients-3273 patients first registered with carcinoma of the oesophagus during 1985-9, 789 of whom were excluded because of incomplete data, leaving 2484 (7599%) for further analysis.

0

280

Wasting was defined according to the 1987 CDC classification system for children (14).

0

281

To provide the opportunity to both develop risk scores and test their validity within a single data set, all patients were randomly assigned to either a derivation subset or a validation subset.

0

282

Hyperlipidemia was reported by the physician and determined by a serum cholesterol value gt;240 mg/dl (6.2 mmol/l) or current antihyperlipidemic treatment.

1

283

However, in the absence of Canadian data, the rates of primary CHD events such as sudden death, fatal MI, coronary insufficiency and angina were calculated from the age and sex distribution of CHD events in the United States, as determined by Hartunian, Smart and Thompson27 with the use of data from the Framingham study.

1

284

Finally, patients with catecholaminergic VT (13), defined as occurrence of syncope due to polymorphic VT during exercise, were also not eligible for the present study.

1

285

The two surgeons then scored the questionnaire independently; each allocated a score of zero to all response categories considered normal and scores to all other categories in proportion to their perceived contribution to severity.

0

286

We randomly selected 236 of the 315 physicians identified.

0

287

Seventy-two of these patients were discharged before they could be invited to participate, and 47 were deemed ineligible because of language barriers, use of azathioprine suspension, or care setting (for example, nursing home).

0

288

In this study pertussis was defined as cough for 7 days or longer and one or more of the following criteria: (a) positive pertussis culture, (b) isolation of B. pertussis from a family member whose cough began within 28 days of the onset of the episode studied (before or after), (c) significant rise in PT IgG, and (d) significant rise in FHA IgG.

1

289

The aspirin component of the trial was terminated on January 25, 1988, principally because of a 44% reduction in the incidence of first myocardial infarction among the aspirin group.

0

290

We defined AMI as either an elevation of the creatine kinase-MB fraction level (gt;5%), an elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels above normal with reversal of isoenzymes (LDH1gt;LDH2), or the presence of at least two of the following criteria: chest pain during the prior 48 h, a twofold elevation in creatine kinase, and diagnostic electrocardiographic changes (ST-segment elevation or new Q waves).

1

291

Articles Fetal Growth and Maternal Exposure to Particulate Matter during Pregnancy Jan Deimek, Sherry G. Selevan,2 Ivan Benes,3 Ivo SolanskY and Radim J. Srim1 1Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Regional Institute of Hygiene of Central Bohemia and Institute of Experimental Medicine, Prague, Videniska, Czech Republic; 2National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA; 3District Institute of Hygiene, Teplice, Czech Republic Prior studies reported an association between ambient air concentrations oftotal suspended partides and S02 during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

0

292

Enrollment evaluations included complete physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), standard laboratory assessment, and total creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB isoenzymes.

0

293

CALCULATED PARAMETERS FEV, and VC were converted to percent predicted according to the methods of Crapo (14).

0

294

The original weights from the Pryor model were tested to assess their fit in the current series.

0

295

2, 5 Follow-up intervals Many patients underwent more than the 2 follow-up studies considered in the tables.

0

296

Patients included in the program had symptomatic (gt;50% diameter) or asymptomatic (gt;80%) carotid recurrent stenosis after previous CEA; symptomatic (gt;50%) or asymptomatic (gt;80%) primary carotid stenosis with a history of radiation to the ipsilateral neck; and symptomatic (gt;50%) or asymptomatic (gt;80%) primary carotid stenosis with one or more medical comorbidity, including coronary artery disease requiring angioplasty or bypass grafting within the 6 months before carotid intervention, history of congestive heart failure (CHF), current ejection fraction less than 30%, steroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or measured forced expiratory volume in 1 second less than 30% of predicted.

0

297

Definitions HCM In each patient, the diagnosis of HCM was based on the two-dimensional echocardiographic identification of a hypertrophied and nondilated LV (wall thickness _15 mm in adults, or the equivalent, relative to body surface area, in children) (21)in the absence of another cardiac or systemic disease capable of producing a comparable magnitude of LV hypertrophy (19).

1

298

The two sets of scores were then averaged and resealed to yield total scores between zero and 100; zero is reserved for patients with no evidence of varicose veins and 100 for patients ticking the most severe response to each question (for example, In the last two weeks my varicose veins caused me pain or ache for more than 10 days; severe ankle swelling; and to wear support stockings every day ).

0

299

In event-free patients, those without operation or rupture, the most recent scan was compared with the initial follow-up study if 6 months of uneventful follow-up could be documented.

0