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6415bc8d690f196b5100000f | What is the estimated reduction in time when using online genetic counseling? | The estimated reduction in the required time through online counseling is about 8%. | [
"26785833"
] | factoid | [
{
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"text": "We estimated reduced time and costs by online counseling with about 8% and 10-12%, respectively. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785833",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
64163660690f196b5100001d | Is deflazacort more efficient than prednisone/prednisolone for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? | Both daily prednisone and daily deflazacort were more effective | [
"33104035",
"35723111",
"35381069",
"19488064",
"1822804"
] | yesno | [
{
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"text": "Both daily prednisone and daily deflazacort were more effective than intermittent prednisone for the primary outcome (P < .001 for daily prednisone vs intermittent prednisone using a global test; P = .017 for daily deflazacort vs intermittent prednisone using a global test)",
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35381069",
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"text": "Among patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, treatment with daily prednisone or daily deflazacort, compared with intermittent prednisone alternating 10 days on and 10 days off, resulted in significant improvement over 3 years in a composite outcome comprising measures of motor function, pulmonary function, and satisfaction with treatment",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35381069",
"endSection": "abstract"
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"text": "Deflazacort and prednisone/prednisolone are the current standard of care for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) based on evidence that they improve muscle strength, improve timed motor function, delay loss of ambulation, improve pulmonary function, reduce the need for scoliosis surgery, delay onset of cardiomyopathy, and increase survival.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35723111",
"endSection": "abstract"
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"text": "Evidence from randomized clinical trials, prospective studies, meta-analyses, and post-hoc analyses suggests that patients receiving deflazacort experience similar or slower rates of functional decline compared with those receiving prednisone/prednisolone. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35723111",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Though Deflazacort and prednisone improve clinical endpoints in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, Deflazacort produces fewer side effects.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19488064",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": " trial. Both daily prednisone and daily deflazacort were more effective than intermittent prednisone for the primary outcome (P < .001 for daily predn",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35381069",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6402bc2d201352f04a000005 | What are the targets of Mosunetuzumab? | Mosunetuzumab is an anti-CD20/CD3 T-cell engaging bispecific antibody, is being developed by Roche for the treatment of relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. | [
"35803286",
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{
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"text": "They combine two different monospecific antigen-binding regions that target CD20 on B cells and engage T cells via CD3 in a 1:1 or 2:1 CD20:CD3 antigen binding fragment (Fab) format. The results of different phase 1 trials with BsAbs, including mosunetuzumab, glofitamab, epcoritamab and odeonextamab, have been recently published.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35928819",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Mosunetuzumab (Lunsumio®), an anti-CD20/CD3 T-cell engaging bispecific antibody, is being developed by Roche for the treatment of relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35947358",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "BACKGROUND: Mosunetuzumab is a CD20 × CD3 T-cell-engaging bispecific monoclonal antibody that redirects T cells to eliminate malignant B cells. I",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35803286",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "However, several CD20 × CD3 BsAbs including odronextamab, mosunetuzumab, glofitamab, and epcoritamab emerged recently. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35182296",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
64144200201352f04a000043 | Is anaphylaxis a results of mast cell activation? | anaphylaxis is a result of mast cell activation. | [
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] | yesno | [
{
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"text": "Mast cells are important effector cells in allergic inflammatory reactions. The aggregation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) on the surface of mast cells initiates a complex cascade of signaling events that ultimately leads to the release of various mediators involved in allergic inflammation and anaphylactic reactions",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19082920",
"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"text": "During the IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction mast cells release proteases such as tryptase, histamine and vasoactive mediators",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17128671",
"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"text": "Histamine and other deleterious inflammatory mediators promote vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction; they are readily released from sensitized mast cells and basophils challenged with antigen. Anaphylaxis may be triggered by a variety of antigens including insect and reptile venom, a variety of drugs, vaccines, and food",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23855441",
"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"text": "Earlier mast cells were only known for their important role in the type 1 allergic reactions (i.e. anaphylaxis or some contact hypersensitivity reactions) ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20678798",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Anaphylaxis results from severe systemic mast cell activation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841551",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "In IgE-dependent and other examples of anaphylaxis, tissue mast cells and circulating basophilic granulocytes (basophils) are thought to represent major (if not the major) sources of the biologically active mediators that contribute to the pathology and, in unfortunate individuals, fatal outcome, of anaphylaxis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20519881",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Mast cell activation syndromes presenting as anaphylaxis.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841551",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and anaphylaxis are the result of a spontaneous or triggered pathological degranulation of mast cells (MCs) and might have as substrate normal or pathological MCs (increased burden, aberrant MCs or both).RECENT FINDINGS: This review summarizes the most recent evidence on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated and non IgE-mediated mechanisms underlying MC activation and degranulation and highlights the importance of standa",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34292177",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 422,
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"text": "Elevated mast cell mediators such as tryptase and histamine have been reported during episodes, and mast cells are considered the primary cells responsible for driving anaphylaxis in humans.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32276688",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 479,
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"text": "In this chapter, we will describe the mechanisms of mast cell (and basophil) activation in anaphylaxis, with a focus on IgE-dependent activation, which is thought to be responsible for most examples of antigen-induced anaphylaxis in humans.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20519881",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening syndrome resulting from the sudden release of mast cell- and basophil-derived mediators into the circulation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12209078",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Some usual clinical manifestations in anaphylaxis, such as angioedema or hypotension, or other less common, such as metrorrhagia, may be explained by the direct effect of the activation of the coagulation and contact system driven by mast cell mediators.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28798744",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1600,
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"text": "Idiopathic anaphylaxis involves mast cell activation (acutely elevated urine histamine or serum tryptase) and activated lymphocytes.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31690393",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 461,
"offsetInEndSection": 564,
"text": "When there is activation of mast cells and basophils in anaphylaxis, chemical mediators are detectable.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31690393",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Systemic anaphylaxis arises when mast cells, possibly along with other cell types, are provoked to secrete mediators that evoke a systemic response.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15025392",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 517,
"offsetInEndSection": 589,
"text": "Anaphylaxis results from the massive activation of the mast cells (MCs).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35080312",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Human mast cells, by elaborating vasoactive mediators and cytokines, are the primary effector cells of anaphylaxis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15025396",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
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"text": " Although the mast cell is considered the major effector cell during acute allergic reactions, more recent studies indicate a potentially important and specific role for basophils and their migration which occurs rapidly upon allergen challenge in humans undergoing anaphylaxis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29431885",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Acute anaphylaxis to small molecule drugs is largely considered to be antibody-mediated with immunogloblin E (IgE) and mast cell activation being key.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34867939",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Anaphylactic Degranulation of Mast Cells: Focus on Compound Exocytosis.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31011586",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: A Form of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32276688",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 108,
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"text": " A precondition for the unfolding of the anaphylactic shock is the secretion of inflammatory mediators from mast cells in response to an allergen, mostly through activation of the cells via the IgE-dependent pathway.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31011586",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 239,
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"text": " Beyond IgE-mediated activation of mast cells/basophils, further mechanisms are involved in the occurrence of anaphylaxis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28798744",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 452,
"offsetInEndSection": 556,
"text": " When there is activation of mast cells and basophils in anaphylaxis, chemical mediators are detectable.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22794697",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Extensive activation of mast cells is the major switch that triggers systemic anaphylaxis, resulting in the subsequent release of anaphylactic mediators into circulation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33097573",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "ed in the amplification of the mast cell response during anaphylaxis are unclear. Mouse models of anaphylaxis demonstrate the critical involvement of ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27906487",
"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"text": "phylaxis in 22-49%. In addition, monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome has been described presenting with anaphylaxis, especially in patients with ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22744266",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1253,
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"text": "ol subjects. The severity of anaphylaxis was associated with mast cell degranulation, increased plasma heparin levels, the intensity of contact system",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25240785",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": " types. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons for the mast cell to utilize compound exocytosis during anaphylaxis, the conflicting evidence in diff",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31011586",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 465,
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"text": "w clinical entities, such as the α-gal anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis results from the massive activation of the mast cells (MCs). Thus, it is also necessar",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35080312",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 342,
"offsetInEndSection": 492,
"text": "ted that mast cell activation and anaphylaxis are negatively regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, little is known about the rela",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948367",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 186,
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"text": "s not affected. Calcium-independent early activation events in mast cell anaphylaxis indicated on inhibitory influence of PK-treatment. Inhibition of ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2661436",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "phylaxis in 22-49%. In addition, monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome has been described presenting with anaphylaxis, especially in patients with hymenopter",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22744266",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1253,
"offsetInEndSection": 1428,
"text": "ol subjects. The severity of anaphylaxis was associated with mast cell degranulation, increased plasma heparin levels, the intensity of contact system activation, and bradykin",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25240785",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1017,
"offsetInEndSection": 1247,
"text": " types. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons for the mast cell to utilize compound exocytosis during anaphylaxis, the conflicting evidence in different mast cell models, and the open questions in the field which remain to be a",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31011586",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 169,
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"text": "arepsilonRI) on mast cells. However, the regulatory mechanism of mast cell activation i",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20526344",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 186,
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"text": "s not affected. Calcium-independent early activation events in mast cell anaphylaxis indicated on inhibitory influence ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2661436",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 391,
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"text": "r, Ang-1's function in mast cell activation and anaphylaxis diseases is unknown. The results of our study suggest that Ang-1 decreased lipopolysacchar",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586553",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "εRI-mediated mast cell activation and anaphylaxis that were insensitive to U0126 or activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside, suggesting that the suppression of FcεRI signals by the inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway relies largely on AMPK activation. ERK1/2 controlled AMPK activity by regulating its subcellul",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948367",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Anaphylaxis results from severe systemic mast cell activation. In addition to IgE-mediated and physical triggers, it may occur with a clonal mast cell",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841551",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "For half a century, it has been known that the mast cell is the cell responsible for the majority of anaphylactic events. Its mediators, taken as a whole, are capable of producing all of the clinical manifestations of these events.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26857018",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Anaphylaxis results from severe systemic mast cell activation. In addition to IgE-mediated and physical triggers, it may occur with a clonal mast cell disease and in an idiopathic fashion without clear provoking factors.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841551",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "Anaphylaxis is a rapidly developing, life-threatening, generalized or systemic allergic reaction that is classically elicited by antigen crosslinking of antigen-specific IgE bound to the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI on mast cells and basophils.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27130857",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 296,
"text": "Anaphylaxis is a rapidly evolving, acute, life-threatening reaction that occurs rapidly on contact with a trigger. Anaphylaxis is classically defined as an allergen-driven process that induces specific IgE and the activation of mast cells and basophils through the cross-linking of IgE receptors.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33832694",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6415c6b6690f196b51000015 | On which two clinical trials was the approval of Keytruda based? | Approval was based on two randomized, open-label, active-controlled trials demonstrating statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients randomized to pembrolizumab compared with chemotherapy, namely KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-010. | [
"28835513"
] | list | [
{
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"text": "Approval was based on two randomized, open-label, active-controlled trials demonstrating statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients randomized to pembrolizumab compared with chemotherapy. In KEYNOTE-024, patients with previously untreated mNSCLC who received pembrolizumab (200 mg intravenously [IV] every 3 weeks) had a statistically significant improvement in OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-0.89; p = .005), and significant improvement in PFS (HR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37-0.68; p < .001). In KEYNOTE-010, patients with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy received pembrolizumab IV 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28835513",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
64178e34690f196b51000021 | Is viltolarsen effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? | Yes, viltolarsen is effective for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. | [
"35634851",
"33285037",
"36401022"
] | yesno | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Viltolarsen is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (PMO) designed to skip exon 53 of the DMD gene for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401022",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 694,
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"text": "Viltolarsen restores the reading frame of the DMD gene by skipping exon 53 and produces a truncated but functional form of dystrophin. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401022",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 505,
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"text": "After showing hopeful results in pre-clinical trials and several clinical trials across North America and Japan, it received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for DMD in 2020.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401022",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 694,
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"text": "Viltolarsen restores the reading frame of the DMD gene by skipping exon 53 and produces a truncated but functional form of dystrophin.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36401022",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 48,
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"text": "ucleotide viltolarsen targets exon 53 of the dystrophin gene, and could be an effective treatment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33285037",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 110,
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"text": "esulting in an absence of functional dystrophin protein. Viltolarsen, an exon 53 skipping therapy, has been shown to increase endogenous dystrophin levels. Herein, long-term (>2 years) functional outcomes in viltolarsen treated pati",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35634851",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
640410d1201352f04a000012 | What is Wilkie's syndrome? | Wilkie's syndrome or Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare condition arising due to compression of the third part of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. | [
"32317620",
"32399444",
"32116320",
"33655184",
"32821627",
"33083170"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "BACKGROUND: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also known as Wilkie's syndrome, is one of the rarest causes of small bowel obstruction.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32116320",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 290,
"text": "BACKGROUND Nutcracker syndrome and Wilkie's syndrome are rare vascular diseases due to the abnormal course of the superior mesenteric artery originating from the abdominal aorta with reduced angle (<22°) and consequent compression of the left renal vein (nutcracker) and duodenum (Wilkie). ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32317620",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 201,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Wilkie's Syndrome, also known as Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS), is a rare cause of bowel obstruction that can contribute to vague abdominal symptoms on clinical presentation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33655184",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, or Wilkie's syndrome, is an unexpected cause of upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33083170",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 212,
"text": "Introduction Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) or Wilkie's syndrome is a rare condition arising due to compression of the third part of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821627",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMA syndrome) or Wilkie's syndrome is a rare etiology of duodenal obstruction due to compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32399444",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
641461bb201352f04a000046 | What is a PROTAC? | A PROTAC is a heterobifunctional molecule that induces protein degradation by forming a ternary complex between a target protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase. It consists of two ligands - one that binds to the target protein and the other that recruits the E3 ubiquitin ligase | [
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"36300631",
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] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) technology is a new protein-degradation strategy that has emerged in recent years.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35680848",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"offsetInEndSection": 362,
"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional molecules consisting of one ligand that binds to a protein of interest (POI) and another that can recruit an E3 ubiquitin ligase. The chemically-induced proximity between the POI and E3 ligase results in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the POI by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35671157",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are molecules that induce protein degradation via formation of ternary complexes between an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target protein. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35412837",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 171,
"offsetInEndSection": 362,
"text": "Conversion of a FLT-3 inhibitor (quizartinib) into a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) results in a compound that induces degradation of FLT-3 ITD mutant at low nanomolar concentrations.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30427680",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) are bifunctional molecules that hijack endogenous E3 ubiquitin ligases to induce ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of protein of interest.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31064868",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has been developed to be a useful technology for targeted protein degradation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404196",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 471,
"offsetInEndSection": 609,
"text": "PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) is an innovative strategy that takes advantage by the cell's own Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35242765",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 223,
"offsetInEndSection": 410,
"text": "Here we describe the design of a novel PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimeric molecule) capable of simultaneously inducing the degradation of the X-protein, and antagonizing its function.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25305486",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "We have developed a heterobifunctional all-small molecule PROTAC (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera) capable of inducing proteasomal degradation of the androgen receptor.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18752944",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are small molecules that specifically link E3 ubiquitin ligases to proteins of interest to mediate targeted ubiquitination and degradation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35500825",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 503,
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"text": "We have previously reported a library of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) incorporating a benzamide-based HDAC ligand (from CI-994), with an alkyl linker and ligand for the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase that degrade HDAC1-3 at submicromolar concentrations.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35948047",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "We developed a first-in-class proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) for selective degradation of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35311871",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) for targeted protein degradation and cancer therapy.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404196",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are engineered techniques for targeted protein degradation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35410300",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 865,
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"text": "PROTACs are the heterobifunctional nano molecules with size range of about 10 nanometres find application to eliminate the protein complexes formed by protein-protein interaction through large and flat surface generally defined as \"undruggable\" in conventional drug delivery system, which include around 85 % of proteins present in humans, suggesting their wide application in the field of drug development.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36321238",
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},
{
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"text": "INTRODUCTION: PROTACs represent a novel class of heterobifunctional molecules that simultaneously bind to a target protein and to an E3 ligase complex, resulting in the transfer of ubiquitin and initiating a process ultimately causing the proteasomal degradation of the t",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33081540",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 867,
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"text": "A technology was developed known as Protac (Proteolysis Targeting Chimeric Molecule) that acts as a bridge, bringing together the SCF ubiquitin ligase with a protein target, resulting in its ubiquitination and degradation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16338398",
"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"text": "uary 2013 through June 2020. Only English-language patent applications with exemplified PROTACs reported to degrade a target protein(s) were deemed in scope, and the definition of 'PROTAC' was restricted to a bifunctional molecule which contains a discrete binding element for a specific degradation target(s), as well as a separate discrete E3 ligase-binding moiety.EXPERT OPINION: Delivering on the enormous potential of PROTACs will require the development of PROTAC medicines that are differentiate",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33081540",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are hetero-bifunctional molecules that could simultaneously bind to the target protein and the E3 ubiquitin ligase, thereby leading to selective degradation of the target protein.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31708096",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 343,
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"text": "PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimeras) emerge as a powerful class of therapeutic modalities, which rely on induced protein-protein interactions between the proteins of interest (POIs) and E3 ubiquitin ligases to aid the degradation of POIs by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34100597",
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{
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"text": "We assembled proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) from a cereblon (CRBN) and a von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL) ligase ligand and demonstrated a PROTAC-induced heterodimerization of the two E3 ligases leading to unidirectional and efficient degradation of CRBN.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30672516",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 270,
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"text": "Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are a new promising class of small molecules that can effectively direct specific proteins to proteasomal degradation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34560429",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 101,
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"text": " PROTAC proteolysis-targeting chimaera (PROTAC) technology may be the solution, considering its ability to selectively degrade target proteins.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32082969",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), hijacking protein of interest (POI) and recruiting E3 ligase for target degradation via the ubiquitin-proteaso",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33160761",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which harness the ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively induce targeted protein degradation, represent ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36300631",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which selectively degrade targeted proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, have emerged as a novel ther",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010159",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has been developed to be a useful technology for targeted protein degradation. A bifunctional PROTAC molecule c",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404196",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimeras), which selectively degrades target proteins, has become the most popular technology for drug development in re",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36139095",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which harness the ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively induce targeted protein degradation, represent an emerging therapeutic technology with the potential to modulate traditional undruggable targets.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36300631",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represent a new direction in small-molecule therapeutics whereby a heterobifunctional linker to a protein of interest (POI) induces its ubiquitination-based proteolysis by recruiting an E3 ligase.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34081921",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which selectively degrade targeted proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, have emerged as a novel therapeutic technology with potential advantages over traditional inhibition strategies.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010159",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimeras), which selectively degrades target proteins, has become the most popular technology for drug development in recent years.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36139095",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), hijacking protein of interest (POI) and recruiting E3 ligase for target degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, is a novel drug discovery paradigm which has been widely used as biological tools and medicinal molecules with the potential of clinical application value.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33160761",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) degrade target proteins by engaging the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Assays detecting target-PROTAC-E3 ligase",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33860212",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Here we report the development of a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) based on the combination of the unique features of the sirtuin rearranging ligands (SirReals) as highly potent and isotype-selective Sirt2 inhibitors with thalidomide, a bona fide cereblon ligand.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28379698",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 188,
"text": "A parallel, one-pot assembly approach to proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) is demonstrated utilizing activated esters generated in situ, and traceless Staudinger ligation chemistry.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33406191",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Development of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) is emerging as a promising strategy for targeted protein degradation. However, the drug develo",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34240523",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has been developed to be a useful technology for targeted protein degradation. A bifunctional PROTAC molecule consists of a ligand (mostly small-molecule inhibitor) of the protein of interest (POI) and a covalently linked ligand of an E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3). Upon binding to the POI, the PROTAC can recruit E3 for POI ubiquitination, which is subjected to proteasome-mediated degradation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404196",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 331,
"text": "Targeted protein degradation using Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality in drug discovery. PROTACs mediate the degradation of select proteins of interest (POIs) by hijacking the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases for POI ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31004963",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 312,
"text": "Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are engineered techniques for targeted protein degradation. A bifunctional PROTAC molecule with two covalently-linked ligands recruits target protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase together to trigger proteasomal degradation of target protein by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35410300",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6410f839201352f04a000032 | Can the concept of digital twins be applied in Precision Nutrition? | A "virtual digital twin" could serve to guide nutrition in a personalized manner. | [
"32770212"
] | yesno | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 58,
"text": "The \"Virtual Digital Twins\" Concept in Precision Nutrition",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32770212",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 559,
"offsetInEndSection": 848,
"text": "We herein discuss how genetic information combined with longitudinal metabolomic, immune, behavioral, and gut microbial parameters, and bioclinical variables could define a digital replica of oneself, a \"virtual digital twin,\" which could serve to guide nutrition in a personalized manner.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32770212",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63eef6edf36125a42600000d | What is the mechanism of action of Teclistamab? | Teclistamab is a bispecific antibody that targets CD3 and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and is being developed for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. | [
"35749004",
"36352205",
"36006441",
"35661166"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Teclistamab is a T-cell-redirecting bispecific antibody that targets both CD3 expressed on the surface of T cells and B-cell maturation antigen expressed on the surface of myeloma cells.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35661166",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Teclistamab (JNJ-64007957), a B-cell maturation antigen × CD3 bispecific antibody, displayed potent T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity of multiple myeloma cells in preclinical studies.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35749004",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 224,
"offsetInEndSection": 406,
"text": "The bispecific antibodies teclistamab (BCMA×CD3) and talquetamab (G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D [GPRC5D]×CD3) are in clinical development as therapies for MM. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36006441",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 219,
"text": "Teclistamab (TECVAYLI®), a bispecific antibody that targets CD3 and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), is being developed by Janssen Research and Development for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36352205",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
640c8309201352f04a000024 | The diagnosis of cholestasis is based on the elevations seen in what liver function tests? | Cholestasis is due to an excess of bile in the liver and is often due to a biliary obstruction. There are disproportionate elevations in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Serum bilirubin. In Cholestasis of pregnancy, an elevation of the serum bile acids is often seen | [
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{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Cholestasis of pregnancy is the commonest liver disease unique to pregnancy and is characterized by pruritus in the mother in late pregnancy, without any skin rashes. This is accompanied by an elevation of the serum bile acids. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10385057",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "diagnosis of liver disease when conventional liver function test such as SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and albumin are still normal. Serum bile acid determinations have been shown to be particularly useful in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver disease, viral hepatitis and cholestasis of intra- and extrahepatic origin. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493809",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1692,
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"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Plasma bilirubin seems to be the best liver function test in distinguishing patients with malignant bile duct strictures from those with bile duct stones. This routine test should receive more attention in clinical decision-making than has previously been given.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163822",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1390,
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"text": " bilirubin proved to be the best laboratory test in differentiating patients (p=0.001 vs. alkaline phosphatase, p<0.001 vs. alanine aminotransferase and p<0.001 vs. gamma-glutamyltransferase). With a plasma bilirubin cutoff value of 145 micromol/L, four out of five patients were categorized ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163822",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 923,
"offsetInEndSection": 1138,
"text": "Plasma bilirubin (p<0.001), alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (p=0.040) levels were significantly higher in patients with malignant bile duct strictures than in those with bile duct stones.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163822",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 769,
"offsetInEndSection": 913,
"text": "Plasma alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin values were determined in the morning before ERCP",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17163822",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 280,
"text": "Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most frequent pregnancy-specific liver disease. It is characterized by pruritus and an accompanying elevation of serum bile acid concentrations and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), which are the key parameters in the diagnosis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33896963",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 836,
"offsetInEndSection": 994,
"text": " The liver function test revealed elevated levels of serum total bile acids, bilirubin, and transaminases; however, the γ-glutamyl transferase level was norma",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27530795",
"endSection": "abstract"
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"text": "Cholestasis is usually suspected clinically when a patient presenting with jaundice or pruritus is found to have an elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase activity disproportionate to increases in serum aminotransferase levels.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7583073",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "The biochemical parameters traditionally used for the assessment of extrahepatic cholestasis, AP, GGT, and bilirubin, do not support the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis caused by cirrhosis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"text": "ase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. These tests should be termed liver chemistries or liver tests. Hepatocellular injury is defined as disproportionate elevation of AST and ALT levels compared with alkaline phosphatase levels. Cholestatic injury is defined as disproportionate elevation of alkaline phosphatase level as compared with AST and ALT levels. Th",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27995906",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6415c599690f196b51000013 | Which company produces Keytruda? | Keytruda is produced by Merck & Co., Inc.. | [
"28835513"
] | factoid | [
{
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"text": "On October 24, 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pembrolizumab (Keytruda; Merck & Co., Inc., https://www.merck.com) for treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) whose tumors express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as determined by an FDA-approved test, as follows: (a) first-line treatment of patients with mNSCLC whose tumors have high PD-L1 expression (tumor proportion score [TPS] ≥50%), with no epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) genomic tumor aberrations, and (b) treatment of patients with mNSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%), with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28835513",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
64040edf201352f04a000011 | Based on clinical trial data, can pioglitazone delay cognitive impairment for people at risk for Alzheimer's disease? | No. Pioglitazone did not delay the onset of mild cognitive impairment. | [
"34146512"
] | yesno | [
{
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"offsetInEndSection": 3793,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: Pioglitazone did not delay the onset of mild cognitive impairment.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34146512",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6414638c201352f04a000047 | Cereblon (CRBN) has been identified as the target for what type of drug? | Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide. IMiDs bind to CRBN and recruit neo-substrates for their ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation | [
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"text": "Cereblon is a well-known target of thalidomide and its derivatives.",
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"text": "We have identified novel CRBN inhibitors, namely DHFO and its analogs, with structural features that are slightly different from thalidomide but stronger cereblon-binding affinity. ",
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"text": " It additionally modulates the anti-myeloma effect of the immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide. IMiDs bind to CRBN and recruit neo-substrates for their ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation",
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"text": ". Cereblon (CRBN)-targeting immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs®) lenalidomide (LEN) and pomalidomide (POM) play a central role in combination regimens due to their pleiotropic antitumor/immunomodulatory mechanisms that synergize with many anti-myeloma approved or developmental agents.",
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"text": "Thalidomide, well known for its potent teratogenicity, has been re-evaluated as a clinically effective drug for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Although the direct target of thalidomide had been unclear until recently, we identified cereblon (CRBN) as a primary direct target of this drug b",
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"endSection": "abstract"
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"text": "The molecular mechanism of action of IMiDs remained unclear for a long time until 2010 when the protein cereblon (CRBN) was identified as a primary direct target. IMiDs binds to CRBN and alters the substrate specificity of the CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, ",
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31187860",
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"text": "These results strongly suggest that increased BK channel activity is the pathological mechanism of intellectual disability in CRBN mutations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCereblon (CRBN), a well known target of the immunomodulatory drug thalidomide, was originally identified as a gene that causes human intellectual disability when mutated.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29530986",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Cereblon is a direct protein target for immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities of lenalidomide and pomalidomide.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22552008",
"endSection": "title"
},
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor for the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) complex, is a direct protein target for thalidomide teratogenicity and antitumor activity of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26990986",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
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"text": "Our biophysical, biochemical and gene silencing studies show that CRBN is a proximate, therapeutically important molecular target of lenalidomide and pomalidomide.",
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22552008",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
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"text": "CRBN has been identified as a direct target for immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) and plays a significant role in anti-proliferation, pro-apoptotic effects, anti-angiogenic activities, immunomodulatory activities and intervention of cell surface adhesion molecules between myeloma cells and bone marrow stromal cells.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26117057",
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},
{
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"text": "Thalidomide and its derivatives lenalidomide and pomalidomide, known as immunomodulatory drugs, (IMiDs) bind directly to cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, resulting in the rapid ubiquitination and degradation of the substrate protein.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33938033",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN) is a common primary target for IMiDs.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28978850",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 241,
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complex, is the primary target by which IMiDs mediate anticancer and teratogenic effects.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27294876",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN) has recently been identified as a target for immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and its downregulation has been linked to resistance to lenalidomide.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23565715",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN), originally identified as a gene associated with intellectual disability, was identified as primary target of thalidomide.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Clinical interest in the measurement of Cereblon (CRBN), the primary target of the IMiDs immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide, has been fueled by its essential requirement for antitumor or immunomodulatory activity of both drugs in multiple myeloma (MM).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26186254",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor for Cullin-ring E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL), is a major target protein of immunomodulatory drugs.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32333926",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the Cullin 4 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is the target of the immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide.",
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26002965",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Cereblon was identified as a direct target of thalidomide by Prof. H. Handa, and this pioneering work triggered active research on IMiDs (immunomodulatory drugs), which include thalidomide-derivatives, such as lenalidomide and pomalidomide.",
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25626321",
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},
{
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"text": "The Cullin-RING ligase 4 E3 ubiquitin ligase component Cereblon (CRBN) is a well-established target for a class of small molecules termed immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35780831",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": " We identified a thalidomide-binding protein, cereblon (CRBN), as a primary target for thalidomide teratogenicity.",
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21207098",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 359,
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"text": " Although the direct target of thalidomide was largely debated until recently, our groups discovered cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of an E3 ubiquitin ligase as a primary target of thalidomide in 2010.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35831190",
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{
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"text": " Cereblon (CRBN) is a common primary target for IMiDs.",
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},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 172,
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"text": "d previously demonstrated that cereblon (CRBN) is the target of thalidomide embryopathy and acts as a substrate receptor for the E3 ubiquitin ligase c",
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{
"offsetInBeginSection": 333,
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"text": "dy recently identified cereblon (CRBN) as a primary target of thalidomide teratogenicity. Subsequently it was demonstrated that CRBN is also required ",
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22966948",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN) has recently been identified as a target for immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and its downregulation has been linked to resistance to le",
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},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN), the molecular target of lenalidomide and pomalidomide, is a substrate receptor of the cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, CRL4(C",
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24328678",
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},
{
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"text": "eblon (CRBN) has been identified as the primary teratogenic target of thalidomide. Our studies demonstrate that thalidomide, lenalidomide and another ",
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{
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"text": "Cereblon (CRBN), the molecular target of lenalidomide and pomalidomide, is a substrate receptor of the cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, CRL4(CRBN) .",
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{
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"text": "cluding multiple myeloma. Cereblon (CRBN) is a common primary target for IMiDs. It works as a substrate receptor of CRL4. Accumulating evidence has sh",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 92,
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"text": "ubiquitin ligase complex component. Cereblon is a well-known target of thalidomide and its derivatives. Cereblon is involved in multiple myeloma cell ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36252444",
"endSection": "abstract"
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] |
63f9cdb033942b094c000012 | Does silencing of SRRM4 promote microexon inclusion? | No, silencing of SRRM4 does not promote microexon inclusion. | [
"33207694"
] | yesno | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "SRRM4 Expands the Repertoire of Circular RNAs by Regulating Microexon Inclusion.",
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"text": "Overexpressing SRRM4, known for regulating ME inclusion in mRNAs critical for neural differentiation, in human HEK293 cells resulted in the biogenesis of over 2000 novel ME-circRNAs, including ME-circEIF4G3, and changes in the abundance of many canonical circRNAs, including circSETDB2 and circLBRA. ",
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63f03a20f36125a42600001c | Which drugs are included in the AZD7442? | AZD7442 is a combination of two long-acting monoclonal antibodies tixagevimab and cilgavimab. It has been authorized for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | [
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"text": "AZD7442, a combination of two long-acting monoclonal antibodies (tixagevimab [AZD8895] and cilgavimab [AZD1061]), has been authorized for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"text": "Intramuscular AZD7442 (tixagevimab-cilgavimab) for prevention of Covid-19. ",
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"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"text": "Association Between AZD7442 (Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab) Administration and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Hospitalization, and Mortality.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35904210",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
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"text": "BACKGROUND: Intramuscular AZD7442 (Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab, (Evusheld)) has been found effective among immunocompromised individuals (ICI) in reducing Sars-Cov-2 infection and severe disease in ICIs. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35904210",
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] |
640ddd9d201352f04a000028 | What were the first 2 PD-1 inhibitors approved by the FDA in 2014? | The first two PD-1 inhibitors approved by the FDA in 2014 were nivolumab (Opdivo) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda). | [
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"text": "2 different programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab.",
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"text": "The first monoclonal antibodies against the immune checkpoint programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are now approved for clinical use",
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"text": "e programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have quickly been incorporated into clinical trials for first- and second-line therapy of Hodgkin lymphoma.",
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"text": "The first programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, pembrolizumab, was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of melanoma; nivolumab was previously approved in Japan. ",
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"text": "Early-phase studies investigating several humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibodies targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 in advanced solid tumors paved way for the development of the first PD-1 inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014.",
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"text": "Nivolumab (Opdivo, Bristol Meyer Squibb, New York, NY) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ) are the first two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1).",
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{
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"text": "The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 2 PD-1 inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, and several others are under investigation.",
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"text": "The first programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, pembrolizumab, was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of melanoma; nivolumab was previously approved in Japan.",
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"text": "other tumors. In 2014, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, two checkpoint inhibitors binding to PD-1, were approved for the treatment of metast",
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"text": " Pembrolizumab is one of the first immune checkpoint inhibitors approved by the FDA to treat NSCLC and is currently the only immunotherapy drug approved for first-line treatment of NSCLC in immune checkpoint inhibitors.",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
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"text": " A PD-1 antibody, nivolumab, was the first of these agents to be approved by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) of Japan, as a new cancer drug for melanoma, in July 2014.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27795534",
"endSection": "abstract"
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"text": "s paved way for the development of the first PD-1 inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014.",
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"text": "ministration (FDA) approved the first PD-1 targeting agent, namely pembrolizumab, shortly followed by nivolumab. Areas covered: Nivolumab is a fully h",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30304963",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6414c4cf690f196b51000006 | What is the difference between dermatillomania and skin picking disorder? | Dermatillomania is also known as skin picking disorder (SPD). | [
"33808008"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Dermatillomania or skin picking disorder (SPD) is a chronic, recurrent, and treatment resistant neuropsychiatric disorder with an underestimated prevalence that has a concerning negative impact on an individual's health and quality of life. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808008",
"endSection": "abstract"
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63eefa3bf36125a426000012 | What causes Japanese Spotted Fever? | Japanese Spotted Fever is caused by Rickettsia japonica. | [
"35507925",
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"32863353"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Non-pathogenic Rickettsia species LON strains closely related to an agent of Japanese spotted fever (JSF), R. japonica, were isolated in Japan from Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in 2001. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32863353",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Japanese spotted fever (JSF; a spotted fever group rickettsiosis) are tick-borne zoonoses that are becoming a significant public health threat in Japan and East Asia.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36016429",
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"text": "Rickettsia japonica is a member of SFG rickettsiae causing Japanese spotted fever (JSF) and can transmit to humans via infected ticks. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35507925",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
640dde93201352f04a000029 | What is the difference between PD-1 and PD-L1? | PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors act to inhibit the association of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) with its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). PD-L1 is the receptor that binds to the PD-L1 protein | [
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{
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"text": "To compare the real-world safety profile of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors between younger and older patients",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35668012",
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{
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"text": "Programmed Cell Death Receptor (PD-1) and its Ligand (PD-L1) pathway inhibitor therapy has been explored in the field of oncology treatment mainly for solid tumors.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30851544",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": " Inhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have been increasingly used in head and neck cancer therapy and reported to improve the outcomes with an acceptable safety profile.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31436392",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Engagement of programmed death-1 (PD-1) with its two ligands [programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2] has been associated with the suppression of tumor-reactive T cells; however, the underlying mechanism for this T-cell dysfunction is not clear.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24031027",
"endSection": "abstract"
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{
"offsetInBeginSection": 155,
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"text": "PD-1 interacts with two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587542",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Expression of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligand 1 (PD-L1) is used to select patients and analyze responses to anti-PD-1/L1 antibodies.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27903604",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 124,
"offsetInEndSection": 336,
"text": "PD-1 has two ligands: PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is expressed broadly on hematopoietic and parenchymal cells, including pancreatic islet cells; and PD-L2, which is restricted to macrophages and dendritic cells.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606670",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are effective therapies in patients with non-small cell lung can",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28960263",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "PD-L1 and PD-L2 are ligands for PD-1, a costimulatory molecule that plays an inhibitory role in regulating T cell activation in the periphery.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12697896",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 72,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "PD-1 has two ligands: PD-L1, expressed on hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, and PD-L2, limited to DCs and macrophages.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21097698",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint that is able to inhibit the immune system by binding to its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30547271",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 902,
"offsetInEndSection": 1106,
"text": "Finally, we could demonstrate that PD-L1 and PD-L2 competed for PD-1 binding and conversely, an antagonist PD-1 mAb blocked both PD-L1 and PD-L2 binding to PD-1 and strongly enhanced T-cell proliferation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587542",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 181,
"offsetInEndSection": 360,
"text": "ast cancer. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), seem to have prognostic and predictive values in a variety of cancers, including female br",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30519815",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "Importance: Immune checkpoint inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have led to a paradigm shift in cance",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31876895",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 103,
"offsetInEndSection": 285,
"text": "osuppression. Programmed death-1 (PD1) and its ligand programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) exert inhibitory function by regulating the balance among T cell activation, tolerance, and im",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21118528",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 111,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "PD-1 has two ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17924994",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6410f8b2201352f04a000033 | What would be the benefits of using a virtual digital twin in nutrition? | A "virtual digital twin," could serve to guide nutrition in a personalized manner, thus revolutionizing the management of obesity and its comorbidities, and providing a pillar for healthy aging. | [
"32770212"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 559,
"offsetInEndSection": 968,
"text": "We herein discuss how genetic information combined with longitudinal metabolomic, immune, behavioral, and gut microbial parameters, and bioclinical variables could define a digital replica of oneself, a \"virtual digital twin,\" which could serve to guide nutrition in a personalized manner. Such a model may revolutionize the management of obesity and its comorbidities, and provide a pillar for healthy aging.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32770212",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
64040af9201352f04a00000d | Is levosimendan effective for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | No. Levosimendan was not superior to placebo in maintaining respiratory function in a broad population with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although levosimendan was generally well tolerated, increased heart rate and headache occurred more frequently with levosimendan than with placebo. | [
"34536404",
"31315908"
] | yesno | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 2720,
"offsetInEndSection": 3018,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: Levosimendan was not superior to placebo in maintaining respiratory function in a broad population with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although levosimendan was generally well tolerated, increased heart rate and headache occurred more frequently with levosimendan than with placebo.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34536404",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1464,
"offsetInEndSection": 1668,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Levosimendan did not achieve the primary endpoint of improving sitting SVC in ALS. Headache and increased heart rate were increased on levosimendan, although it was otherwise well tolerated. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31315908",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6414c0f7690f196b51000001 | What are the clinical symptoms of an ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency? | The clinical symptoms of an ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTC-D) can range from asymptomatic carrier state to severe neonatal presentation with hyperammonaemic encephalopathy. Common symptoms include extreme irritability, episodic vomiting and lethargy, protein avoidance, ataxia, Stage II coma, delayed physical growth, developmental delay, and seizures. | [
"36362876",
"17845164",
"3826955",
"3945292",
"36217298"
] | list | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "X-linked ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most common urea cycle defect. The disease severity ranges from asymptomatic carrier state to severe neonatal presentation with hyperammonaemic encephalopathy. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36362876",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 273,
"text": "Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTC-D) is an X-linked metabolic disease and the most common urea cycle disorder. Due to high phenotypic heterogeneity, ranging from lethal neonatal hyperammonemic events to moderate symptoms and even asymptomatic individual",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36217298",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Deficiency of ornithine transcarbamylase, an enzyme in the urea cycle, results in hyperammonemia",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3826955",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 342,
"offsetInEndSection": 589,
"text": "extreme irritability (100 percent), episodic vomiting and lethargy (100 percent), protein avoidance (92 percent), ataxia (77 percent), Stage II coma (46 percent), delayed physical growth (38 percent), developmental delay (38 percent), and seizures",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945292",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 230,
"offsetInEndSection": 359,
"text": "Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency causes vomiting, lethargy, hyperventilation, and even death, mainly in the neonatal period.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17845164",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63fa197c201352f04a000003 | How does SRSF11 contribute to metastasis potential of colorectal cancer? | SRSF11 exerts pro-metastatic effects in colorectal cancer by inhibiting the AS of HSPA12A pre-RNA. | [
"36394206"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Alternative splicing of HSPA12A pre-RNA by SRSF11 contributes to metastasis potential of colorectal cancer.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36394206",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1600,
"offsetInEndSection": 1923,
"text": "SRSF11 exerts pro-metastatic effects in CRC by inhibiting the AS of HSPA12A pre-RNA. Our findings point to SRSF11-regulated HSPA12A splicing as a novel relationship between SRSF11-regulated splicing and CRC metastasis and suggest a PAK5/SRSF11/HSPA12A axis as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in CRC.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36394206",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63eef60ef36125a42600000c | Olokizumab is tested for which disease? | Olokizumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6, improves outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis. | [
"34344706",
"36001712"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 240,
"text": "Olokizumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6, in combination with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately controlled by methotrexate: efficacy and safety results of a randomised controlled phase III study.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34344706",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 154,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of olokizumab (OKZ) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite treatment with methotrexate (MTX).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34344706",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1387,
"offsetInEndSection": 1586,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with OKZ was associated with significant improvement in signs, symptoms and physical function of rheumatoid arthritis without discernible differences between the two regimens. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34344706",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Olokizumab versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36001712",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "BACKGROUND: The cytokine interleukin-6 is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Olokizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-6 cytokine directly, is being tested for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36001712",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 2389,
"offsetInEndSection": 2722,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were receiving maintenance methotrexate, olokizumab was superior to placebo and noninferior to adalimumab in producing an ACR20 response at 12 weeks. Larger and longer trials are required to determine the efficacy and safety of olokizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36001712",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6413730e201352f04a00003f | Please summarize the function of Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) | TROAP is a cytoplasmic protein that is required for spindle assembly and cell invasion. Its role in cancer is not yet fully understood, but it has been shown to regulate cell cycle and promote tumor progression through Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in glioma cells. | [
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] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
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"text": "ROAP regulates cell cycle and promotes tumor progression through Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in glioma cells.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34077623",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Trophinin associated protein (TROAP) is a cytoplasmic protein required for spindle assembly and cell invasion; however, its biological function in cancer remains to be elucidated",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29956806",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) was a protein first identified to mediate the process of embryo transplantation and later found to be involved in microtubule regulation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117881",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Purpose: Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) is a cytoplasmic protein that plays a significant role in the processes of embryo transplantation and microtubule regulation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30854102",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 138,
"offsetInEndSection": 338,
"text": "on subtype. Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) is a cytoplasmic protein first identified to mediate the process of embryo transplantation, which has been recently found to be involved in microtubule",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31285897",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 142,
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"text": "Trophinin associated protein (TROAP) is essential for centrosome integrity and proper bipolar organisation of spindle assembly during mitosis and plays an essential role in proliferation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30431120",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) mediates embryonic transfer, regulates microtubules, and is associated with the biological behavior of vari",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35708862",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1101,
"offsetInEndSection": 1199,
"text": "Taken together, these results indicate that TROAP suppresses cellular growth and migration in HCC.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117881",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Downregulated Trophinin-Associated Protein Plays a Critical Role in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Upregulation of Tumor Cell Growth and Migration.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117881",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 623,
"offsetInEndSection": 793,
"text": "TROAP depletion significantly enhanced the proliferation and colony formation abilities, whereas TROAP overexpression had an inhibitory effect on the growth of HCC cells.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117881",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) is a cytoplasmic protein required for microtubular cytoskeleton regulation and spindle assembly, and its expression plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of various types of cancer.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31198787",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "Trophinin associated protein (TROAP) is a cytoplasmic protein required for spindle assembly and cell invasion; however, its biological function in cancer remains to be elucidated.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29956806",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 543,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) is a cytoplasmic protein that functions as an adhesion molecule in processes such as embryo implantation, spindle formation, and cancer.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of TROAP expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue with clinicopathologic parameters and survival time in liver cancer patients based on an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) data.METHODS: RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) expression data and clinical information were down",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30284652",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "TROAP regulates prostate cancer progression via the WNT3/survivin signalling pathways.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30431120",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1601,
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"text": "Conclusions: Elevated TROAP expression predicted a poor prognosis, and TROAP may serve as a potential biomarker for application in oncotherapy.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30854102",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "The Upregulation of Trophinin-Associated Protein (TROAP) Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30854102",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1454,
"offsetInEndSection": 1600,
"text": "Altogether, our results show that TROAP is a novel crucial regulator of HCC progression and is a potential therapeutic biomarker for HCC patients.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30854102",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "Trophinin and tastin, a novel cell adhesion molecule complex with potential involvement in embryo implantation.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7758945",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) has been shown to be overexpressed and promotes tumor progression in some tumors.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33692939",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) mediates embryonic transfer, regulates microtubules, and is associated with the biological behavior o",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35708862",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "sociated protein (TROAP) has been shown to be overexpressed and promotes tumor progression in some tumors. We performed this study to assess the biolo",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33692939",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 132,
"offsetInEndSection": 282,
"text": "ctopic expression of trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) dramatically drove HCC cell growth assessed by foci formation in monolayer culture, colony f",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33500384",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1099,
"offsetInEndSection": 1249,
"text": ". Taken together, these results indicate that TROAP suppresses cellular growth and migration in HCC. This discovery will further our understanding of ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117881",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 177,
"offsetInEndSection": 327,
"text": "n (TROAP) is a cytoplasmic protein first identified to mediate the process of embryo transplantation, which has been recently found to be involved in ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31285897",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 167,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) mediates embryonic transfer, regulates microtubules, and is associated with the biological behavior of various cancers",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35708862",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 177,
"offsetInEndSection": 377,
"text": "n (TROAP) is a cytoplasmic protein first identified to mediate the process of embryo transplantation, which has been recently found to be involved in microtubule regulation. However, limited informati",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31285897",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 49,
"offsetInEndSection": 268,
"text": "l role of TROAP (Trophinin-associated protein) in regulating the cell proliferation of multiple tumors, while TROAP expression and function were largely unknown in glioma. We aimed to investigate the oncogenic role of T",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34077623",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 26,
"offsetInEndSection": 210,
"text": "ciated protein (TROAP) is a cytoplasmic protein that functions as an adhesion molecule in processes such as embryo implantation, spindle formation, and cancer.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate th",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30284652",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "AIMS: Experimental evidence demonstrated a crucial role of TROAP (Trophinin-associated protein) in regulating the cell proliferation of multiple tumors, while TROAP expression and function were largely unknown in glioma.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34077623",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 261,
"text": "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a subtype of renal cell cancer with the highest mortality, infiltration, and metastasis rate, threatening human health. Despite oncogenic role of TROAP in various cancers, its function in ccRCC remains to be unraveled.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34287099",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 2,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "ophinin-associated protein expression is an independent prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.",
"beginSection": "title",
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"text": ": Our results suggested that TROAP is an independent prognostic biomarker of poor survival in LAC",
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6410ed73201352f04a00002f | How does SRSF11 promote metastasis of colon cancer? | SRSF11 exerts pro-metastatic effects in CRC by inhibiting the AS of HSPA12A pre-RNA. | [
"36394206"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Alternative splicing of HSPA12A pre-RNA by SRSF11",
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"text": "SRSF11 exerts pro-metastatic effects in CRC by inhibiting the AS of HSPA12A pre-RNA. Our findings point to SRSF11-regulated HSPA12A splicing as a novel relationship between SRSF11-regulated splicing and CRC metastasis and suggest a PAK5/SRSF11/HSPA12A axis as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in CRC.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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63f03fc8f36125a426000021 | What disease can be treated with Lenacapavir? | Lenacapavir is a long-acting, highly potent HIV-1 capsid (CA) inhibitor that is approved for treatment of HIV-1. | [
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{
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"text": "Structural and Mechanistic Bases of Viral Resistance to HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitor Lenacapavir.",
"beginSection": "title",
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"text": "Lenacapavir (LEN) is a long-acting, highly potent HIV-1 capsid (CA) inhibitor. ",
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"text": "The investigational drug lenacapavir accesses unoccupied hydrophobic pockets in the complex to potently impair HIV-1 inside the nucleus without displacing the tightly bound cellular cofactor from virus cores. ",
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"text": "Lenacapavir (Sunlenca®) is a long-acting capsid inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) being developed by Gilead Sciences Inc. ",
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"text": "In August 2022, lenacapavir received its first approval in the EU for use in combination with other antiretroviral(s) in adults with multi-drug resistant HIV infection, for whom it is otherwise not possible to construct a suppressive anti-viral regimen. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of lenacapavir leading to this first approval for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36272024",
"endSection": "abstract"
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{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Lenacapavir: a first-in-class HIV-1 capsid inhibitor.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34871187",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 496,
"text": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes available data for lenacapavir, an investigational first-in-class agent that disrupts functioning of HIV capsid protein across multiple steps in the viral life cycle.RECENT FINDINGS: Lenacapavir demonstrated picomolar potency in vitro with no cross resistance to existing antiretroviral classes and potent antiviral activity in persons with HIV-1. In persons with HIV-1, there was no preexisting resistance to lenacapavir regardless of treatment history.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34871187",
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{
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"text": "In heavily treatment-experienced persons with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 and in treatment-naive persons with HIV-1, lenacapavir in combination with other antiretroviral agents led to high rates of virologic suppression and was well tolerated.SUMMARY: Ongoing studies are evaluating long-acting dosing of lenacapavir for treating HIV-1 in combination with other antiretrovirals and preventing HIV-1 as a single agent.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34871187",
"endSection": "abstract"
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] |
641365f6201352f04a00003a | Is Iron deficiency anemia a common complication of chronic kidney disease? | iron deficiency anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). | [
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{
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"text": "Intravenous iron therapy is increasingly being used worldwide to treat anemia in chronic kidney disease and more recently iron deficiency in heart failure.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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{
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"text": " iron deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), either with or without anaemia. ",
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"text": "Iron deficiency, both functional and absolute, is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those requiring dialysis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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{
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"text": "Treatment with iron preparations remains one of the main directions in the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"text": "This work presents an update on the management of iron deficiency in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), either with or without anaemia.",
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{
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"text": "ron replacement therapy in the management of anaemia in non-dialysis chronic renal failure patients:",
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"endSection": "title"
},
{
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"text": "Iron deficiency anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"text": "Iron Deficiency Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease.",
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"endSection": "title"
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{
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"text": "BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting most patients on hemodialysis and imposing a substantial clin",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28372549",
"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in predialysis stage.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21684231",
"endSection": "abstract"
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{
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"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Anemia is a common and clinically important consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27236129",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 775,
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"text": "Among CKD patients, absolute iron deficiency is defined when the transferrin saturation (TSAT) is ≤20% and the serum ferritin concentration is ≤100 ng/mL among predialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients or ≤200 ng/mL among hemodialysis patients.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30970355",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney di",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824288",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with adverse outcomes in these patients.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31477258",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Iron deficiency anemia is a common complication in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and impairs the therapeutic efficacy of recombinant erythropoietin.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19776721",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 424,
"offsetInEndSection": 502,
"text": "Anemia in CKD is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"text": "BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia and serum phosphate levels > 4.0mg/dL are relatively common in chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5 and are associated with higher risks of progressive loss of kidney function, cardiovascular events, and mortality.STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 149 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin, 9.0-12.0 g/dL; transferrin saturation [TSAT]≤ 30%, serum ferritin ≤ 300 ng/",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25468387",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Anemia resulting from iron and erythropoietin deficiencies is a common complication of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20630409",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Iron deficiency is common in individuals with chronic kidney disease and plays a major role in the development of anemia.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34514189",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Iron deficiency anemia is a common occurrence in patients with chronic kidney disease and many patients do not respond well to supplementation with oral iron.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20126670",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"offsetInEndSection": 740,
"text": "However, the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in CKD patients is complicated by the relatively poor predictive ability of easily obtained routine serum iron indices (eg, ferritin and transferrin saturation) and more invasive gold standard measures of iron deficiency (eg, bone marrow iron stores) or erythropoietic response to supplemental iron.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27236129",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "Iron deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease: potential role for intravenous iron therapy independent of erythropoietin.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17106764",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Iron deficiency anemia is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its importance in supporting erythropoiesis is unquestioned especially in those patients treated with erythropoietin.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17804903",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 209,
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"text": " Limited data suggest that iron deficiency is common in patients with chronic kidney disease with anemia; this lack of iron can hinder the effectiveness of erythropoiesis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17533016",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 52,
"text": "Anemia is a frequent complication of kidney disease.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Severe anemia and iron deficiency are common complications in chronic kidney disease.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "Iron deficiency anemia is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its importance in supporting erythropoiesis is unquestioned especiall",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Iron deficiency anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD patients suffer from both absolute and functional iron deficiency",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 58,
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"text": " diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of CKD. One of the most common complications of CKD is anemia, the frequency and severity of which increase a",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Anemia is as a frequent complication in patients with chronic kidney disease, which gains in importance in the treatment of patients with renal diseas",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16470356",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Severe anemia and iron deficiency are common complications in chronic kidney disease. The cause of renal anemia is multifactorial and includes decreas",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29481308",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), mainly due to inadequate renal production of erythropoietin. In hemodia",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26342303",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 316,
"offsetInEndSection": 466,
"text": "o anemia. The other cause of anemia is deficiency of iron. Iron deficiency anemia is common in people with CKD and its importance in supporting erythr",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325171",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Anemia is as a frequent complication in patients with chronic kidney disease, which gains in importance in the treatment of patients with renal disease.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
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{
"offsetInBeginSection": 223,
"offsetInEndSection": 373,
"text": " development and treat complications including anemia. Anemia is one of the common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is a significan",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 748,
"offsetInEndSection": 1006,
"text": "The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in patients with CKD is complicated due to the relatively low predictive ability of routine serum iron markers (e.g., ferritin and transferrin saturation) and more invasive measurements such as bone marrow iron stores.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35058395",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Anemia is a frequent complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it is often accompanied by various clinical symptoms. The primary cause of anem",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28682026",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Iron deficiency anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD patients suffer from both absolute and functional iron deficiency.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30970355",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "Anemia is a frequent complication during the later stages of chronic kidney disease.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Anemia in chronic kidney disease is common and iron deficiency is an important cause.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28403561",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 32,
"text": "nemia in chronic kidney disease",
"beginSection": "title",
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"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "nemia is common and associated with adverse outcomes in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28412770",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 18,
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"text": "e treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease.",
"beginSection": "title",
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"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 13,
"offsetInEndSection": 279,
"text": "he prevalence of iron deficiency and its contribution to the anemia of end stage renal disease has been extensively studied, but much less is known about the role of iron deficiency in the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic kidney disease in predialysis patients.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17106764",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 47,
"text": "nemia in renal disease: diagnosis and manageme",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833421",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "Anemia is a very common clinical problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in these patients.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325171",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Safety issues with intravenous iron products in the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325171",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 195,
"offsetInEndSection": 264,
"text": " Deciding on the appropriate treatment for anemia associated with CKD",
"beginSection": "abstract",
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"endSection": "abstract"
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{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
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"text": "nemia in chronic kidney disease",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20630409",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 10,
"offsetInEndSection": 50,
"text": "Anemia in ESRD and Earlier Stages of CKD",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29336855",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 3,
"offsetInEndSection": 40,
"text": " Ferumoxytol for Anemia of CKD Trial ",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28372549",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 104,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": " anemia and reduction of serum phosphate in patients with CKD",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25468387",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread health problem in the world and anemia is a common complication",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833421",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "nemia in diabetic kidney disease - underappreciated but still clinically relevant proble",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29696955",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 46,
"text": "Anemia in children with chronic kidney disease",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16198278",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "nemia in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common secondary to inadequate erythropoietin production",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16198278",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
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"text": "echanisms of anemia in CKD",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22935483",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Anemia is a common feature of CKD associated with poor outcomes.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22935483",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 66,
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"text": "he current management of patients with anemia in CKD is controversial, with recent c",
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"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 259,
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"text": "Here, we examine recent insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anemia of CKD",
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22935483",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
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"text": "nemia of Inflammation with An Emphasis on Chronic Kidney Disease",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31614529",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 33,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": " Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32762831",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "nemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its prevalence has shown a tendency to increase in many countries.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32762831",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 2,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "ythropoietin resistance in the treatment of the anemia of chronic renal failure",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16893403",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "esistance to erythropoietin therapy is a common complication of the modern management of anemia in chronic kidney disease",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16893403",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "spectrum of anemia in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31464252",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": " retrospective study was conducted over seven years and it aimed to find out various causes of anemia among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31464252",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 4,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol therapy in anemic chronic kidney disease patients.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16164657",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 4,
"offsetInEndSection": 53,
"text": "options for the anemia of chronic kidney disease.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30675430",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 57,
"text": "nemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30675430",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Urology and nephrology update: anemia of chronic kidney disease.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24432707",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "Anemia is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at all stages, and it is nearly universal among patients with stage 5 CKD",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24432707",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 34,
"text": "nemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: ",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33842503",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "nemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with a reduced quality of life,",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33842503",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Anemia and its predictors among adult non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34860142",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Anemia is an adverse outcome and common complication in chronic kidney disease patient",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34860142",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "Prevalence of malnutrition and absolute and functional iron deficiency anemia in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis Algerian patients]",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35644772",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 2,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": " chronic kidney disease, anemia and malnutrition coupled with inflammation as malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrom are common and considered as morbidity-mortality factors",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35644772",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 8,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "f Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Beyond Erythropoietin",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33123967",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "nemia is a frequent comorbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33123967",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6410ef9b201352f04a000031 | Can modulation of KCNQ1 splicing prevent arrhythmias? | Amiloride reduces arrhythmogenicity through the modulation of KCNQ1 splicing. Therefore, the modulation of KCNQ1 splicing may help prevent arrhythmias. | [
"23608591"
] | yesno | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1547,
"offsetInEndSection": 1758,
"text": "Amiloride regulates IKs and APs with transmural differences and reduces arrhythmogenicity through the modulation of KCNQ1 splicing. We suggested that the modulation of KCNQ1 splicing may help prevent arrhythmia.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23608591",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63f57f7f33942b094c000006 | What is Catamenial pneumothorax? | Catamenial pneumothorax is defined as a recurrent, spontaneous pneumothorax occurring within a day before or 72 h after the onset of menstruation. It is a manifestation of a thoracic endometriosis syndrome. | [
"35286587",
"34375738",
"35774053",
"35924495",
"35268286",
"36179536",
"35037874"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 367,
"offsetInEndSection": 485,
"text": "Catamenial pneumothorax is one of the most frequent manifestation in terms of a thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35924495",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Catamenial Pneumothorax as the First Expression of Thoracic Endometriosis Syndrome and Pelvic Endometriosis.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35268286",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 234,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: The menstrual-related catamenial pneumothorax (CP) can be the first expression of thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES), which is the presence of endometriotic lesions in the lungs and pleura, and pelvic endometriosis (PE).",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35268286",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 63,
"text": "Catamenial pneumothorax: a rare manifestation of endometriosis.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35774053",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 176,
"offsetInEndSection": 297,
"text": "Thoracic endometriosis is a rare extrapelvic location of endometriosis and the leading cause of catamenial pneumothorax. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35774053",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is defined as a recurrent, spontaneous pneumothorax occurring within a day before or 72 h after the onset of menstruation. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35286587",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: Catamenial pneumothorax CP is a rare form of spontaneous pneumothorax in females forming part of thoracic endometriosis syndrome. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36179536",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to categorize thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) according to whether the presenting symptoms were catamenial and to evaluate whether such a categorization enables a better management strategy.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34375738",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 267,
"text": "Thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue in the chest cavity. The typical clinical manifestation is a spontaneous pneumothorax, which usually presents with chest pain, dyspnea, and/or cough. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35037874",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
64144419201352f04a000045 | Please summarize haptenization. | Haptenization is the reaction of an antigenic compound (a hapten) with a carrier protein in order to stimulate an immune response. | [
"27539547",
"22613852",
"23928507"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 544,
"text": "In contrast to the traditional mechanism of drug action that relies on the reversible, noncovalent interaction of a ligand with its biological target, a targeted covalent inhibitor (TCI) is designed such that the initial, reversible association is followed by the formation of a covalent bond between an electrophile on the ligand and a nucleophilic center in the protein. Although this approach offers a variety of potential benefits (high potency and extended duration of action), concerns over the possible toxicological consequences of prot",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27539547",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 487,
"offsetInEndSection": 676,
"text": "Her particular hepatic metabolism further increased the drugs' concentration, favoring the haptenization of liver proteins, eventually leading to the development of an autoimmune hepatitis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23928507",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 976,
"offsetInEndSection": 1221,
"text": "Drug presentation via antigen-presenting cells to T cells can either involve the classical pathway of haptenization of endogenous proteins or be directly mediated via noncovalent binding to immune receptors (MHC molecules or T cell receptors), t",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613852",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6414c124690f196b51000002 | Is trichotillomania encountered with equali frequency in males and females? | No, the disease affects mainly female patients. | [
"35118122"
] | yesno | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 337,
"text": "The disease affects mainly female patients, who often deny the habit, and it usually presents with a bizarre pattern nonscarring patchy alopecia with short hair and a negative pull test. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35118122",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
64041701201352f04a000017 | What is the triad of the Eagle-Barrett Syndrome? | Eagle-Barrett Syndrome (EBS) is a rare congenital condition characterized by the triad of absent or defective abdominal wall muscles, urinary tract abnormalities, and bilateral cryptorchidism. | [
"35526214",
"35429431",
"30560020",
"29174092"
] | list | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "Eagle-Barrett Syndrome (EBS) is a rare congenital condition characterized by the triad of absent or defective abdominal wall muscles, urinary tract abnormalities, and bilateral cryptorchidism.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35429431",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Prune belly syndrome (PBS), also known as Eagle-Barrett syndrome (EGBRS), is a rare congenital disease characterized by deficiency or absence of abdominal wall muscles, urological abnormalities, and bilateral cryptorchidism.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35526214",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 287,
"text": "Prune Belly syndrome (PBS) or Eagle-Barrett syndrome is an anatomo-radiological syndrome consisting of a complex and rare malformation characterized by the following triad of symptoms: deficiency of the abdominal muscles, malformations of the urinary tract, and bilateral cryptorchidism.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30560020",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 223,
"text": "Prune belly syndrome (PBS), also known as Eagle-Barrett syndrome, is a rare congenital disorder characterized by absence or hypoplasia of the abdominal wall musculature, urinary tract anomalies, and cryptorchidism in males.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29174092",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
640c85e9201352f04a000026 | What cells proliferate in Mantle Cell Lymphoma | Mantle cell lymphoma is a subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, where B-cells proliferate uncontrollably. | [
"33197439",
"22555177",
"8277026",
"10463985",
"10942246",
"8649059",
"28203581",
"32774275",
"26604506"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a relatively rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, typically presenting with extensive lymphadenopathy,",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32774275",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 207,
"offsetInEndSection": 483,
"text": "Activity has been demonstrated in many subtypes of B-cell lymphoma, including diffuse large cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28203581",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma seen predominantly in males. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26604506",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 189,
"text": "Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive, non-curable B-cell lymphoma, characterized by the translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) involving CCND1 and a high number of additional genetic alterations.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22555177",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, characterized by a poor response to therapy and short survival.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10942246",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 173,
"text": "Mantle cell lymphoma is a B cell lymphoproliferative disorder cytogenetically characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) which at molecular level involves the Bcl-1/PRAD-1 gene.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8649059",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Mantle zone lymphoma (MZL) is a B-cell proliferation regarded as the follicular variant of intermediate lymphocytic lym",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8277026",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Mantle cell lymphoma is a mature, virgin B-cell neoplasm characterized immunologically by a panB+, CD5+, CD23-, cyclin D1+ phenotype and g",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10463985",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 231,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Mantle cell lymphoma is a mature, virgin B-cell neoplasm characterized immunologically by a panB+, CD5+, CD23-, cyclin D1+ phenotype and genetically by t(11;14)(q13;q32) with overexpression of the cyclin D1 (bcl-1) gene",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10463985",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 286,
"text": "Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a unique subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a generally aggressive and heterogeneous clinical course. Chemokines are one of the complex components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and they play a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33197439",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6415bb3c690f196b5100000e | What is the estimated cost reduction when using telegenetics? | The estimated cost reduction by online counseling is about 10-12%. | [
"26785833"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1548,
"offsetInEndSection": 1644,
"text": "We estimated reduced time and costs by online counseling with about 8% and 10-12%, respectively.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785833",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63f03ae6f36125a42600001d | What is the target of BI 1015550? | BI 1015550 is a preferential phosphodiesterase 4B inhibitor that is used for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | [
"35569036",
"35517783",
"36299369"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 181,
"offsetInEndSection": 402,
"text": "METHODS: In this phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the efficacy and safety of BI 1015550, an oral preferential inhibitor of the PDE4B subtype, in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35569036",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Phase I studies of BI 1015550, a preferential phosphodiesterase 4B inhibitor, in healthy males and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36299369",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Introduction: BI 1015550 is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that has antifibrotic properties. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36299369",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "BI 1015550 is a PDE4B Inhibitor and a Clinical Drug Candidate for the Oral Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35517783",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 351,
"offsetInEndSection": 441,
"text": "BI 1015550 is a novel PDE4 inhibitor showing a preferential enzymatic inhibition of PDE4B.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35517783",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 2098,
"offsetInEndSection": 2401,
"text": "In summary, the unique preferential inhibition of PDE4B by BI 1015550 and its anticipated improved tolerability in humans, plus its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic potential, suggest BI 1015550 to be a promising oral clinical candidate for the treatment of IPF and other fibro-proliferative diseases.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35517783",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
64089be7201352f04a000022 | Please summarize the difference between REMS and RMPs | Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) are FDA-mandated programs that require drug manufacturers to develop and implement plans to ensure that the benefits of a drug outweigh its risks. Risk Management Plans (RMPs) are similar to REMS, but are used in the European Union and are focused on the safety of the patient. RMPs are designed to identify, characterize, and prevent or minimize risks associated with a drug. | [
"23244814"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1496,
"offsetInEndSection": 1750,
"text": "Both REMS and RMPs provide positive guidance for identification, monitoring, and minimization of risk to patient safety. Currently, neither agency provides specific guidance on how risk should be related to benefit either qualitatively or quantitatively.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23244814",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 393,
"offsetInEndSection": 630,
"text": "REMS requirements include medication guides, communication plans, elements to ensure safe use, implementation systems, and specified assessment intervals. RMP requirements are increased pharmacovigilance and risk minimization activities.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23244814",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63f9cd2f33942b094c000011 | Does microexon alternative splicing of small GTPase regulators have implication in central nervous system diseases? | Yes, microexon mis-splicing leads to dysregulation of the Rho GTPase pathway with implications in central nervous system diseases. | [
"34155820"
] | yesno | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Microexon alternative splicing of small GTPase regulators: Implication in central nervous system diseases.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34155820",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1278,
"offsetInEndSection": 1447,
"text": "We further discuss the emerging evidence for dysregulation of the Rho GTPase pathway in CNS diseases and the consequences contributed by the mis-splicing of microexons. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34155820",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63eeeaaaf36125a426000004 | Beremagene Geperpavec is tested for which disease? | Beremagene Geperpavec was tested for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. | [
"35347281"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 393,
"text": "Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a lifelong genodermatosis associated with blistering, wounding, and scarring caused by mutations in COL7A1, the gene encoding the anchoring fibril component, collagen VII (C7). Here, we evaluated beremagene geperpavec (B-VEC), an engineered, non-replicating COL7A1 containing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vector, to treat RDEB skin. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35347281",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1370,
"offsetInEndSection": 1528,
"text": "These studies show that B-VEC is an easily administered, safely tolerated, topical molecular corrective therapy promoting wound healing in patients with RDEB.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35347281",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
64138ce8201352f04a000042 | Hairpatches is a single gene mutation associated with what disease? | Hairpatches is a single gene mutation associated with progressive renal failure and alopecia in mice, and may be a potential model for a newly described heritable human disorder. | [
"23301070",
"1836514"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 212,
"text": "\"Hairpatches\" (Hpt) is a naturally occurring, autosomal semi-dominant mouse mutation. Hpt/Hpt homozygotes die in utero, while Hpt/+ heterozygotes exhibit progressive renal failure accompanied by patchy alopecia. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301070",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "Hairpatches, a single gene mutation characterized by progressive renal disease and alopecia in the mouse. A potential model for a newly described heritable human disorder.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1836514",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 167,
"text": "Retrotransposon insertion in the T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1 (Tal1) gene is associated with severe renal disease and patchy alopecia in Hairpatches (Hpt) mice.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301070",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "Hairpatches, a single gene mutation characterized by progressive renal disease and alopecia in the mouse.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1836514",
"endSection": "title"
}
] |
63f9cd0b33942b094c000010 | What is the alternative microexon splicing by RBFOX2 and PTBP1 associated with? | Alternative microexon splicing by RBFOX2 and PTBP1 is associated with metastasis in colorectal cancer | [
"36394206",
"34346508"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Alternative splicing of HSPA12A pre-RNA by SRSF11 contributes to metastasis potential of colorectal cancer.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36394206",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Alternative microexon splicing by RBFOX2 and PTBP1 is associated with metastasis in colorectal cancer.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34346508",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 638,
"offsetInEndSection": 1073,
"text": "RNA interference-mediated knockdown experiments identified two splicing factors, RBFOX2 and PTBP1, as regulators of microexon splicing in CRC cells. RBFOX2 and PTBP1 were found to directly bind to microexon-containing pre-mRNAs and to control their splicing in such cells. Differential microexon splicing was shown to be due, at least in part, to altered expression of RBFOX2 and PTBP1 in CRC tissue compared to matched normal tissue. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34346508",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1178,
"offsetInEndSection": 1320,
"text": "Our data thus suggest that altered expression of RBFOX2 and PTBP1 might influence CRC metastasis through the regulation of microexon splicing.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34346508",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63f56f7533942b094c000002 | Which gene is implicated in Canavan disease? | Canavan disease is an inherited leukodystrophy resulting from mutations in the gene encoding aspartoacylase (ASPA). | [
"36267868",
"35636725",
"35637731",
"35929936"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Cribriform Appearance of White Matter in Canavan Disease Associated with Novel Mutations of ASPA Gene.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36267868",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 652,
"offsetInEndSection": 837,
"text": "Genetic analysis revealed novel mutations in the aspartoacylase or ASPA gene that possibly accounts for the severe form of Canavan disease, which probably explains the imaging findings.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36267868",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "Canavan disease (CD) is an inherited leukodystrophy resulting from mutations in the gene encoding aspartoacylase (ASPA). ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35636725",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 290,
"text": "Canavan disease (CD) is a devastating neurological disease that lacks effective therapy. Because CD is caused by mutations of the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene, we introduced the wild-type (WT) ASPA gene into patient iPSCs through lentiviral transduction or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35637731",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1284,
"offsetInEndSection": 1453,
"text": "The compound heterozygous variants of the ASPA gene probably underlay the Canavan disease in this patient, and the result has enabled prenatal diagnosis for this family.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35929936",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6411b4a8201352f04a000035 | Is prosopagnosia also known as lack of auditory recognition? | Prosopagnosia is a visual agnosia characterized by an inability to recognize previously known human faces and to learn new faces | [
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] | yesno | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
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"text": "Prosopagnosia is a visual agnosia characterized by an inability to recognize previously known human faces and to learn new faces",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29213721",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 212,
"text": "Prosopagnosia is a type of visual agnosia with inability to identify faces, usually secondary to brain lesion in associative cortex areas, but there is also a congenital form known as developmental prosopagnosia.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29213598",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1305,
"offsetInEndSection": 1522,
"text": "These results indicate that, in some subjects with developmental prosopagnosia, the face recognition deficit is not an isolated impairment but is associated with deficits in other domains, such as auditory perception.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30625291",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Prosopagnosia (PA) or face blindness is characterized by a deficiency in identifying familiar faces.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17186317",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "The apparent selectivity of agnosia for faces is termed prosopagnosia or face blindness.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17981784",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
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"text": "In recent years, prosopagnosia is defined as the \"loss of ability to recognize the well-acquainted persons like the family members by their physiognomy.\"",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2684250",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 582,
"offsetInEndSection": 699,
"text": "The patient is unable to recognize faces or cars, consistent with his prosopagnosia and object agnosia, respectively.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20850465",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "Anecdotally, it has been reported that individuals with acquired prosopagnosia compensate for their inability to recognize faces by using other person identity cues such as hair, gait or the voice.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20850465",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 170,
"offsetInEndSection": 364,
"text": "Visual object agnosia refers to the inability to recognize objects and prosopagnosia to the failure to recognize faces that are well familiar to the patient, when stimuli are visually perceived.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2697897",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 297,
"text": "Since face recognition is the most powerful source of information for identifying familiar people, patients showing a multimodal defect in people recognition have been sometimes considered as affected by \"prosopagnosia\"-namely, by a form of visual agnosia, specifically affecting face recognition.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182942",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Prosopagnosia is a selective visual agnosia characterized by the inability to recognize the identity of faces.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28539812",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Prosopagnosia is a rare neurological sign, characterized by disturbance of recognition of faces.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1796436",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 181,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: The prosopagnosia has generally been defined as an incapacity to recognize familiar faces, or faces previously known, due to certain lesions to certain areas of the ce",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15098192",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a condition characterised by lifelong face recognition difficulties.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33184411",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 209,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Developmental prosopagnosia is a disorder of face recognition that is believed to reflect impairments of visual mechanisms. However, voice recognition has rarely been evaluated in developmental pro",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26321070",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Prosopagnosia is a selective impairment of the visual learning and recognition of faces.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17402670",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 586,
"offsetInEndSection": 683,
"text": " This rarely studied form of prosopagnosia ensures that deficits are limited to face recognition.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16767465",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Prosopagnosia is the inability to recognize someone by the face alone in the absence of sensory or intellectual impairment. In contrast to the acquire",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16767465",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6415babe690f196b5100000d | What is telegenetics? | Telegenetics involves the use of technology (generally video conferencing) to remotely provide genetic services. A telegenetics platform is critical for those with limitations or vulnerabilities compromising their ability to attend clinic in-person, including individuals in rural areas | [
"33817891"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 287,
"text": "Telegenetics involves the use of technology (generally video conferencing) to remotely provide genetic services. A telegenetics platform is critical for those with limitations or vulnerabilities compromising their ability to attend clinic in-person, including individuals in rural areas.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33817891",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63f04546f36125a426000024 | What is the mechanism of action of Mitapivat? | Mitapivat, an oral activator of pyruvate kinase in red blood cells, has shown significant improvements in haemoglobin and haemolysis among patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency who were not receiving regular transfusions. | [
"35576529",
"35964609",
"35988546"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "A phase 1 dose escalation study of the pyruvate kinase activator mitapivat (AG-348) in sickle cell disease.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35576529",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 104,
"offsetInEndSection": 333,
"text": "In activating red blood cell pyruvate kinase and glycolysis, mitapivat (AG-348) increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and decreases the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration, an upstream precursor in glycolysis. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35576529",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "Safety and efficacy of mitapivat, an oral pyruvate kinase activator, in adults with non-transfusion dependent α-thalassaemia or β-thalassaemia: an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35964609",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 259,
"offsetInEndSection": 478,
"text": "We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of mitapivat (Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA), a pyruvate kinase activator, in adults with non-transfusion-dependent (NTD) α-thalassaemia or NTD β-thalassaemia.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35964609",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 249,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Mitapivat, an oral activator of pyruvate kinase (PK) in red blood cells (RBCs), has shown significant improvements in haemoglobin and haemolysis among patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency who were not receiving regular transfusions. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35988546",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
641357bc201352f04a000039 | Do cells undergoing necroptosis show disruption of their cell membranes? | Necroptosis is a form of caspase-independent programmed cell death that arises from disruption of cell membranes | [
"33848465",
"27158445",
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"35365636",
"30709919",
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"31766571",
"30344099",
"32839552",
"31490656",
"29076500",
"28388403",
"30341907"
] | yesno | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 314,
"text": "Necroptosis is a form of caspase-independent programmed cell death that arises from disruption of cell membranes by the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase after its activation by the upstream kinases, receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-1 and RIPK3, within a complex known as the necrosome",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35365636",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 677,
"offsetInEndSection": 814,
"text": "Thus, cells undergoing necroptosis need to overcome these independent suppressive mechanisms before plasma membrane disruption can occur.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31138766",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1263,
"offsetInEndSection": 1556,
"text": "Taken together, these results confirm the active role of VLCFAs during necroptosis and point to multiple potential mechanisms of membrane disruption including direct permeabilization via bilayer disruption and permeabilization by targeting of proteins to cellular membranes by fatty acylation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31490656",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 315,
"text": "Necroptosis is a form of caspase-independent programmed cell death that arises from disruption of cell membranes by the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase after its activation by the upstream kinases, receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-1 and RIPK3, within a complex known as the necrosome.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35365636",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 173,
"text": "Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death which results in loss of plasma membrane integrity, release of intracellular contents, and an associated inflammatory response.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31490656",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 197,
"offsetInEndSection": 385,
"text": "Here, we show that, during necroptosis, MLKL-dependent calcium (Ca2+) influx and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane preceded loss of PM integrity.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28388412",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 70,
"text": "Membrane Disruption by Very Long Chain Fatty Acids during Necroptosis.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31490656",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "The activation of mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL) by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) results in plasma membrane (PM) disruption and a form of regulated necrosis, called necroptosis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28388412",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "Necroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death that results from MLKL-mediated disruption of the cell membrane.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28388403",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 283,
"text": "Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is characterized by the loss of membrane integrity and release of intracellular contents, the execution of which depends on the membrane-disrupting activity of the Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like protein (MLKL) upon its phosphorylation.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32839552",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 324,
"offsetInEndSection": 556,
"text": "Here we report that, following sciatic nerve injury, MLKL, a pseudokinase known to rupture cell membranes during necroptotic cell death, is induced and targets the myelin sheath membrane of Schwann cells to promote myelin breakdown.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30344099",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 689,
"offsetInEndSection": 794,
"text": "Under conditions of necroptotic cell death, ESCRT-III controls the duration of plasma membrane integrity.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28388412",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 108,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "Necroptosis induction leads to cell membrane disruption, inflammation and vascularization.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31766571",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 464,
"offsetInEndSection": 657,
"text": " Both necrosis and necroptosis show similar morphological features and are characterized by an increase in cell volume, cell membrane permeabilization, and rupture that lead to cellular demise.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30341907",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 676,
"offsetInEndSection": 814,
"text": " Thus, cells undergoing necroptosis need to overcome these independent suppressive mechanisms before plasma membrane disruption can occur.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31138766",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 905,
"offsetInEndSection": 1055,
"text": "chanisms by which the essential, and possibly terminal, necroptotic effector, MLKL, triggers the disruption of cellular membranes to cause cell lysis.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27158445",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 484,
"offsetInEndSection": 634,
"text": "uring necroptosis. We show that MLKL and phosphoMLKL, key for membrane permeabilization, are exclusively acylated during necroptosis. Reducing the lev",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33848465",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 235,
"offsetInEndSection": 385,
"text": "anslocates to and disrupts the plasma membrane, thereby causing necroptotic cell lysis. Herein, we show that activation of necroptosis in mouse dermal",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30709919",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 260,
"text": "Necroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway triggered by activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), which phosphorylates and activates the mixed lineage kinase-like domain pseudokinase, MLKL, to rupture or permeabilize the plasma membrane.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30148498",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 171,
"offsetInEndSection": 410,
"text": " non-inflammatory process while necrosis triggers inflammation. Recent studies on necroptosis and pyroptosis, two types of programmed necrosis, revealed that plasma membrane rupture is mediated by MLKL channels during necroptosis but depen",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29076500",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
6414c3f3690f196b51000005 | What is the definition of dermatillomania? | Dermatillomania is a condition that leads to repetitive picking of their skin ending up in skin and soft tissue damage. It is a chronic, recurrent, and treatment resistant neuropsychiatric disorder with an underestimated prevalence that has a concerning negative impact on an individual's health and quality of life. | [
"33808008",
"21323095",
"33654612"
] | summary | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 241,
"text": "Dermatillomania or skin picking disorder (SPD) is a chronic, recurrent, and treatment resistant neuropsychiatric disorder with an underestimated prevalence that has a concerning negative impact on an individual's health and quality of life. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808008",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "Dermatillomania is a pathologic grooming disorder characterized by repetitive, ritualistic, impulsive skin picking without an underlying dermatologic condition.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21323095",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
63eeeb70f36125a426000005 | What disease can be treated with Glofitamab? | Glofitamab is being tested for treatment of DLBCL after CAR T-Cell Therapy | [
"35626120",
"34941996",
"36198538"
] | factoid | [
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "Glofitamab Treatment in Relapsed or Refractory DLBCL after CAR T-Cell Therapy.",
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35626120",
"endSection": "title"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 361,
"offsetInEndSection": 624,
"text": "In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a monotherapy with the bispecific CD20xCD3 antibody glofitamab in patients who progressed after CAR T treatment. We report nine consecutive patients with progressive DLBCL after preceding CAR T-cell therapy. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35626120",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 1106,
"offsetInEndSection": 1284,
"text": "Our data suggest that glofitamab treatment is well tolerated and effective in patients with DLBCL relapsing after CAR T-cell therapy and can enhance residual CAR T-cell activity.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35626120",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 674,
"offsetInEndSection": 976,
"text": "Bispecific antibodies such as epcoritamab, mosunetuzumab, and glofitamab, anti-CD19 antibody drug tafasitamab combined with lenalidomide, CD19 antibody drug conjugate loncastuximab tesirine, oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export selinexor, and several new agents have been investigated for DLBCL. ",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36198538",
"endSection": "abstract"
},
{
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "Glofitamab, a novel CD20xCD3, T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody, exhibited single-agent activity in Study NP30179, a first-in-human, phase 1 trial in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.",
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34941996",
"endSection": "abstract"
}
] |
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