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Tacky Glowing Valve Caps Look Cheap, Are Cheap
Valve-cap LEDs may be tacky, but they'll also make you safer at night
Here’s a case where tacky novelty can actually result in something that keeps you safe and also makes you look cool. The Flash Tire Wheel Valve Cap Lights pretty much sum up their function in the name: they are little LED lamps that replace your bike valve dust caps.
The little battery-powered lights screw onto a Schrader valve (the fat kind also found on cars and motorbikes) and glow like tiny Lightsabers. For such a cheap item (just $3 per pair on Amazon), they’re actually pretty smart. Instead of switches, the lights have motion and light sensors so they only turn on when you’re moving and it’s dark. Once you get going, they’ll paint a virtual circle of light in the air.
Be careful, though. Fellow gadget blogger and Wired.com alumnus John Brownlee put something similar onto his bike when he lived in Berlin, Germany. His lights were bigger and flashier, but the effects on the normally calm and bike-friendly population of Berlin were startling. Poor John was heckled and even had beer bottles thrown at him on one night ride.
If you decide to risk it, strap on a helmet and grab a pair in red, green or blue.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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|
Swatch TV
ARTYOU 2011 PRESENTED BY SWATCH TRAILER
Designed to bring together both established and emerging talented artists, Artyou is an annual exhibition event organized by Artsts growing urban art network. This year is Artyou's sixth edition and as part of a collaboration with Swatch plans are underway for 14 artists to both exhibit and show livepaintings in combination with a music/club-program at the city's renowned arts venue Ackermannshof Basel (Switzerland).
|
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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Q:
C++ Template: typename and function to map to int
I'm writing a C++ template that needs two params: typename T, and an arbitrary function that maps T to an unsigned int.
How can I declare and use a template that can do that? I'd like to keep it simple, so that any dumb function can be used.
UPDATE:
Here is an example of what I'd like to do:
template<typename T, function f> // f has signature: unsigned int f(T);
class SortedContainer {
...
}
And, in this file:
unsigned int weight(Package p) { return p.w; }
SortedContainer<Package, &weight> sc;
UPDATE upon writing code
Based on the answers, I tried writing code, but it won't compile. Or rather, the template will compile, but not the test which invokes it.
The template code looks like this:
template<typename T, typename f>
class C {
...f(T)...
...
The invocation code looks like:
struct S {
int operator()(const int n) {
return n; // Dummy test code
}
};
...C<int, S>&...
The error message is:
error: no matching function for call to 'S::S(const int&)'
note: candidates are:
note: S::S()
It seems like it's trying to use S's constructor for some reason, as opposed to using the operator() which I want it to do.
The purpose of the f parameter is that the SortedContainer needs to be able to position T by an integer value. T is not necessarily an integer or even Comparable, so the caller, when instantiating a SortedContainer, needs to pass not only type T, but a function f to transform T to an integer.
A:
IMO, you don't require a separate template argument for Function F.
template<typename T> // F not required!
class SortedContainer {
...
};
Choose a good name and use that function by overloading it for various cases. e.g. to_uint()
Since you want to map (i.e. relate) a type to an unsigned int (uint), use following function in global scope:
template<typename T>
uint to_uint (const T& t) {
return t.to_uint(); // Must have `uint to_uint() const` member, else error
}
// Overloads of `to_uint()` for PODs (if needed)
template<typename T> // For all kinds of pointers
uint to_uint (const T* const pT) {
if(pT == nullptr)
<error handling>;
return to_uint(*pT);
}
Scenario: For Sorted_Container<X>, whenever to_uint(x) is invoked, then:
If X is a class, then it must have uint to_uint() const method
Else if X is a POD, then you may have to overload to_uint() for that type
Else, the compiler will generate an error
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Take-away and delivered food is extremely popular around the globe, particularly in the UK and USA. Customers increasingly favour the convenience of being able to enjoy their favourite food either delivered out to them by car, motorbike, scooter or bicycle or collected by themselves to then be enjoyed in the comfort of their own homes, workplaces or offices. Whilst once primarily the domain of Pizza restaurants, the takeaway industry is now moving towards many types of cuisine such as Chinese, Indian, Burgers and hot sandwiches. Unlike other cuisines, the nature of burgers and sandwiches make them much harder to transport from the kitchen or restaurant's premises to the customers' homes. The multiple layers of food in a burger often come apart as the food is shaken. Furthermore, when subject to impact, traditional packaging solutions deform causing subsequent deformation and deterioration to the food. Upon arrival the bread may well be soggy or ‘steamed’, and the food can become so disturbed by the journey that it is no longer recognisable or appetising, and barely edible.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Computer Science Degree
Getting your computer science degree is one of the best decisions that you can make to ensure a future of prosperity and job security. With a couple of years of study, you can learn the skills that companies all around the world are looking for in their employees. As technology finds its way into more and more parts of our world, those who know how to tame it and make it work to satisfy our needs will be the ones in demand in a job market that is becoming more competitive with every passing day.
If you’re unsure about how important it is to understand the role of computers in our everyday lives, take a look around. Twenty years ago, the average house had one computer, if it had one at all. These days, many houses have at least one computer for every person in the house. There are more computers in the average household than there are cars – and most of the newer cars made today have built-in dashboard computers that connect the driver to traffic updates, weather forecasts, and satellite radio. Behind each of these computers is a team of men and women who built the system, programmed the software, and designed the user interface. These men and women all have one thing in common: a computer science degree.
Computer science is often defined as the study of computing systems and computational processes. In reality, though, a computer science degree opens you up for a job focusing on any one of a number of specific career paths. Jobs from Information Management to Cyber security, from Database Administration to Computer Programming, are all based in skills and concepts that are mastered as part of the computer science degree program of study. With training in computer science, you become skilled in design methodology, concept testing, system analysis, and project implementation. What does this all mean? With a computer science degree, you will be able to look at a technical problem within a company, diagnose the cause of that problem, analyze the appropriate technical solution, and then build the product that provides the solution. If it sounds like an employee with an education in computer science is a master problem solver, it’s because he or she is.
Although a computer science degree provides a good solid base of the concepts of computing, you are not limited to that broad scope. Many computer scientists specialize in fields that provide job security, excellent financial compensation, and a sense that they are a vital part of keeping their business data safe. Information Security personnel use their computer science skills to protect the confidential data of their employer. Employee information, customer records, financial data, and other forms of information are tempting for hackers to try to obtain. While some attempt to steal this data just to prove, to themselves or others, that they can, others will attempt to sell that data or exploit it at the harm of the company they steal it from. A company’s Information Security team prevents such theft, and in order to do that, a firm grasp of computer science is needed.
Computer engineering is another popular field in which skills in computer science are required. Computer engineers are often tasked with designing and building the hardware that goes into all of our computers, smart-phones, automobile dashboards, and everything else that computers have found their way inside. This can range from designing the architecture of the latest, thinnest laptop to designing the circuit boards that go inside them. Computer engineers also work on the software side as well, designing the operating system that manipulates the hardware to perform the tasks that the user needs, whether it’s a serious spreadsheet calculation or shooting aliens from the sky in the latest video game.
These are only a few of the many types of jobs that are available to you with a computer science degree. You owe it to yourself and to your family to check out the lucrative opportunities that await you after just a few short years of study. The world is not going to suddenly give up on computers. We rely on our gadgets and gizmos more and more every day. Technologically savvy men and women will continue to be in demand in today’s demanding job market. With a computer science degree, you can make sure that you are in demand as well.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Session Expired
Your session has expired due to inactivity or because your browser does not accept cookies. If the time away from your search was more than 30 minutes, please start your search again. If you do not have cookies enabled, you will need to enable them in your internet browser before continuing.
Sign up for our newsletter today and you will receive all the latest special offers before anyone else. Sign up now!
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Is a Memory Foam Mattress Right for My Child?
This entry was posted on April 15, 2016 by TCDEV.
Selecting the right mattress for your child is no easy task, especially if it is their first ‘grown up’ bed. These days it seems many adults are opting for memory foam beds for themselves, but what about for our little ones? In recent years there has been a lot of talk about the benefits of memory foam over traditional innerspring mattresses - for both our bodies and sleep schedule. With this shift towards memory foam comes questions about the safety - and appropriateness - of a memory foam bed for children. Given the fact that children sleep longer and deeper than adults, it is absolutely imperative that they are resting their little heads on a quality, supportive mattress. Furthermore, a quality mattress is a huge factor in whether a child is getting a good night’s sleep and waking up rested and ready to conquer the day.
While there are undoubtedly many different options when it comes to picking out a child’s mattress, today we are going to focus on the benefits of memory foam. While there is some debate as to whether memory foam is good for infants and toddlers, the general consensus is that older children and teens can certainly reap the benefits of memory foam, without cause for concern.
What is Memory Foam?
Many people do not realize this, but memory foam was actually developed by NASA in response to a need for a foam material that could mold to a person’s body, then bounce back to its original shape. Since first introduced, memory foam has proved to be a viable option when it comes to a mattress, for people of all different ages and occupation. Made from polyurethane foam, memory foam mattresses react to pressure and heat, working to conform to the body when you lie down. While these body-contouring properties are desirable for adults, these characteristics can actually be quite dangerous to infants and toddlers.
Benefits of a Memory Foam Mattress
If you are looking for a supportive and long-lasting mattress for your older child or teenager, memory foam is a wonderful option. Some of the top benefits of this type of mattress include:
Contours to the body - As mentioned earlier, memory foam mattresses actively mold to the body in response to heat and pressure. This offers a lot of support and helps to evenly distribute the body’s weight.
Allergy-free - Another reason why memory foam may be the right choice for your child is that it is allergy free. Made from polyurethane foam, this type of mattress is full of fibers that actually prevent allergy-causing dust mites from collecting within the bed.
Extremely durable - Finally, memory foam mattresses are one of the most durable on the market. They are actually known to last much longer than average spring mattresses, making them a wonderful option for growing children.
If you are in the market for a new children’s mattress, be sure and check out our memory foam options here. As always, if you have any questions or would like additional information about any of our products, please do not hesitate to ask.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Hartz -- Szuba
November 20, 2006
SOUTH BEND -- Christ the King Catholic Church was the setting for the 3 p.m. July 22 wedding of Rachel L. Szuba and Dave Hartz. They are home in Osceola. Their parents are Mary and Jim Szuba of 52060 Chicory Lane, Granger, and Lois and Chuck Hartz of 14097 Kimberly Lane, Middlebury. The bride graduated from Penn High School, Mishawaka, and Indiana University South Bend with a bachelor's degree in elementary education. She works for South Bend Community School Corp. as a first-grade teacher at Warren Primary Center. The groom graduated from Northridge High School, Middlebury, and IUSB with a bachelor's degree in public affairs. He is a national sales manager for Omega Plastics, Elkhart.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
[Extraction and analysis of profenofos residue in tomato and cabbage by gas chromatography-flame photometric detector].
A quick and effective extraction and clean-up method of profenofos residue in tomato and cabbage is presented. Tomato and cabbage samples were homogenized with a mixture of acetone-hexane (1:1, V/V) using a mechanical homogenizer. The resultant homogenate was cleaned-up by adding active carbon and then filtered under reduced pressure. The filter cake was extracted twice with the same solvent mixture. The filtrates were combined and transferred into a separatory funnel. The organic layer was separated and evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator. The residue was dissolved in 2 mL of acetone and transferred into a small glass vial and then determined by GC on a 5% OV-101 Chromosorb W-HP column with flame photometric detector. The results showed that this analytical method can be used for an accurate determination of profenofos residues in tomato and cabbage. The minimum detectable concentration of profenofos in samples was 0.06 mg/kg. The recoveries of profenofos in tomato and cabbage were in the range of 96.2%-105.9% and 94.7%-102.3%, respectively. The relative standard deviations were in the range of 3.7%-4.9% and 3.7%-5.0%, respectively. The tomato and cabbage samples were collected 3 weeks after applying profenofos in the field, and the contents of profenofos were determined. The average contents of profenofos in tomato and cabbage were (13.8 +/- 0.8) mg/kg and (14.4 +/- 0.7) mg/kg, respectively.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
package coursier.publish
/**
* All things signing.
*/
package object signing
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
People have long been encouraged to take photographs for reasons of comparison. Although the difference between age spots and moles are not visible to an untrained home-user, moles grow and the age spot cannot grow. Therefore, the layperson does not need to be able to diagnose the difference. All they have to detect is a lesion getting larger.
The challenge is not in the ability of doctors diagnosing individual moles, but the gross problem of having patients unable to discover the suspicious lesions when they are located where they cannot be seen. This is most of the body when looking for pale lesions. In their early stages, melanomas can be blond. The purpose is not to diagnose but to focus the end-users attention on possible melanomas and give them documentation of growth that may allow them to receive earlier treatment.
Prior art is also what occurs in the 15 minutes doctors skin inspection. Size of lesions larger than 6 mm or one-quarter of an inch is used to indicate growth. This method does not require growth to that size before the suspicion of likely melanoma because growth can be quantitatively demonstrated to the dermatologist. The patient's vague anecdotal recollections of previous size are not always given credence. This evidence forms a basis for the dermatologists to remove the pre-melanoma earlier since the existence of a rapidly changing mole is a strong indicator of melanoma. Moles in contact with a scanner's glass platen are automatically at the same scale, unlike photographs.
Handheld scanners intended for dermatologists are expensive for home-users. If a patient is not in possession of their own data, their baseline may be unavailable in 20 years. Handheld spot-only scanners for consumers do not document bare mole-free areas. None of the prior art that only documents and analyzes lesion-by-lesion offers this advantage. Many moles generally are found on skin with no pre-existing mole.
Photo enclosures do whole-body scans but are not a home-user solution. This embodiment is not as quick, but some people may prefer it since it is less expensive, less intrusive and more private. Suspicious lesions can be monitored frequently at very high magnification at any time. The baseline record does not depend on finding the same business decades later.
The difference between this and fractal analysis, fractal analysis is not making a record of the entire body for baseline purposes. It diagnoses a particular mole as melanoma or non-melanoma. This prior art does not function as a baseline record, nor as a body wide survey of the current condition.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,415,143 uses a computer to scan for irregular growth. Selfscan uses fractal analysis. This method images and leaves detection to the user and diagnosis to their dermatologist; it may generate more found suspicious lesions for submission to these services.
Cameras
The FAQs on the website of DermAlert (U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,063) states that the method cannot be done without a partner. This makes sense since a partner is required to align the images in the camera's viewfinder. A person cannot be in front of and behind a camera at the same time. Since the scanner method can be done solo, this shows that it is not a direct substitution.
With a scanner, only one person is required to align his or her own body. The scanner allows solo usage because the person does not need to be both behind and in front of the device at the same time. Since one method requires two people and the other requires only one person, it cannot be considered to be done in the same way. Another difference is that the image on the viewfinder does not become part of the camera's digital image. Whereas U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,063's semi-transparent image on a scanner would become part of the digital image obscuring the skin. This is a different result. Taking photographs of moles has a long history in the traditional method.
The camera methods require calibration, scaling, between the baseline and current, while the scanner does not because it innately scans the images at the same scale.
Another problem with the camera for a solo user is the foreshortening.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,063 describes downloading from the camera to the computer. A scanner does not download because it is integral with the computer system. Its images are not stored on a memory card from which it needs to be downloaded. The information from the scanner goes directly into the computer's 1 memory 108 without being subjected to lossy JPG compression. This is why such very high-resolution images and large non-compressed non-lossy files are possible with the scanner.
COMPRESSION. JPG is a lossy format. A faint yellowish blond pre-melanoma, or its fractal dots, may be lost as a subtle difference during a camera's compression to the JPG file format. JPG compression is designed to look for light/dark contrast appropriate for landscapes and portraits. Camera manufacturers try to store as many photos per storage card as possible. Amateur cameras automatically compress into lossy jpgs in order to load many images on to the card in the camera. Therefore, even if a camera offers a TIFF or bitmap option often that is just a change of format from a JPEG that has already degraded (blurred) the details of the image. Many cameras' software does not even offer the option to convert to TIFF or bitmaps. What is of interest here is the details not the overall image. Subtle color shifts differentiate pale-blond colored pre-melanomas from the skin color. Simplification could obscure fractal patterns at the edges.
The method of U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,063 requires alignment for each mole on the view thereby realigning and rotating these lossy jpg images many times. Each alignment degrades the image further, whereas the scan taken natively as a bitmap does not degrade from realignment.
Better Magnification.
The scanner can produce higher resolution images so this is a different result. The high-resolution images give better magnification which is very important for people with reduced visual acuity. An advantage of scanners over cameras is that they optionally allow just a small rectangle to be scanned. This reduces the detail's file size, yet allows magnification. The 4× magnification is very useful for a suspicious mole with a developing fractal pattern at its edges. This is a very bad sign. A fractal pattern is an organized “scattered” pattern of dots. The size of the dots is a third of the size of a period or larger. If the pre-melanoma is pale-blond, these tiny dots are blond too. This makes them harder to see. As the melanoma forms, tiny precise pinpricks of jet black can appear. The high-risk age group, middle aged to elderly, typically includes those with bad close vision. Even old scanners can be set to scan at higher samples per inch (i.e. more magnification) than even people with visual acuity problems would need. Although most users would not choose to use such very high resolution for all scans, it is helpful to have that option for suspected lesions
FIG. 1 shows the overlaid outlines of three images taken by a 12-megapixel camera, a scanner at 300 spi, and a scanner at 1200 spi. All are shown at 100% resolution. The true size of the mole is shown to the left. Note the camera view (as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,063's back of a standing person) tries to shoot a large area so that those 12 megapixels have to cover many square inches of skin. The images seem larger on a monitor only because it is a coarse surface like a mosaic or a rough impressionist canvas, which only seems as good as a photo because we view it from a distance.
If the scanner were set to only 300 spi (samples per inch), it would print a full size photo at 100% magnification. A 3.2 mm or ⅛-inch mole would be shown as 3.2 mm or ⅛ inch in the printed photo.
If the scanner were set to 1200 spi, it would print a full size photo at 400% magnification. A 3.2 mm or ⅛-inch mole would be shown as 12.8 mm or a half-inch in the printed photo. That 2.54 cm or one inch of skin would appear on that monitor as 31.8 cm or 12.5 inches. The scanner allows just a small rectangle to be scanned. This is useful for a suspicious mole with a developing fractal pattern at its edges or for the visually impaired. Many scanners can be set to scan at higher samples per inch (i.e. more magnification) than even people with visual acuity problems would need. Although most users would not choose to use such very high resolution for all scans, it is helpful to have that option for suspected lesions.
View Confusion.
When the pre-melanomas are pale yellow instead of black, they can get lost in the confusion of an overly large complex image. What if a camera tried to take scan-sized images? Using cameras to take close-up photos of body parts to improve resolution, at the risk of overexposure, loses the context of the body part. Not all images contain a frame of reference. For example: a section of a forearm. FIG. 2. Even though software in U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,063 names the image file, it is up to the user to sort and identify the image.
If one tried to shoot too close trying to get a scan size image, the flash could wash out the exposure and the details of moles, as well as entire pale moles, could disappear. The scanner has a less bright light on the scanning head that moves with the scanner's internal camera, preventing it from overexposing the image. Professional cameras with controlled lighting such as U.S. Pat. No. 7,359,748 high-resolution cameras probably give excellent results. However, this is not a solo home-user solution. Home-user solutions must consider the typical knowledge of photography and the effects of close flash exposure by the home-user. Automatic exposure on camera is not intended to feature spots on skin but of faces and landscapes.
MIRROR CONFUSION is shown in FIG. 3. When a monitor displays the front view of a shoulder then the image appears to represent the opposite shoulder. If the user went to a mirror to compare, they would compare the body part from the wrong side. FIG. 3. The body part may not be identifiable since people are used to looking in mirrors. Seeing oneself on a computer display one subconsciously anticipates the image one would see looking into a mirror. The body part may not be recognizable since people are used to looking in mirrors. Is it the right arm or the left arm? If a surface, is it the outer surfaces or the inner surface? This is true with a camera image also. Even contextual views may not help camera users if taking the front or sides of the body. FIG. 2. Then the right arm is shown on the left side. From the back view, the right arm is on the right side. FIG. 3.
Professional workers do not find the location on the body using mirrors, so the unlabeled images are not confusing to them. Unexpected difficulties of recognizing left or right side body parts when imaged from the front and sides is an unexpected problem for home-users accustomed to mirrors.
For a front view, they see the right side of their body displayed on the left half of the screen rather than a mirror that would display the left half on that same side of the mirror. When taking an image of the back the right side of the body will appear on the right half of the display. For different views, the orientation will change. This can be very confusing for users of digital images taken by cameras or scanners.
It is necessary for the user to be able to locate actual locations on the body from these images. They need to inspect the original site, and to point it out to the doctor. However, baseline and current images can be compared for growth without any reference to actual location. A person cannot look directly at many portions of the body. These they can only see in a mirror. When a monitor displays a front view of a shoulder then the image appears to represent the opposite shoulder. If the user went to a mirror to compare, they would compare the body part from the wrong side.
Further confusion: some body parts such as forearms or hands are compared without mirrors since they can be seen directly. This is confusing if one tried using a mnemonic such as ‘back views seem normal, but front & side views seem reversed’.
This confusion could also be partially solved by automatically converting images to mirrored images for only the views the user would need to use a mirror to see. However, this has the disadvantage of producing confusing images for the dermatologist who would not be using a mirror.
Advantages
Unique difficulties that the method solves are:
Solo operation to image areas the solo user cannot see or photograph. It eliminates the need for a second person, the photographer, in an embarrassing situation. Parts of the body that cannot be seen directly can be easily scanned.
The unusual method of using the scanner makes it easier and quicker than expected.
It solves the need to make affordable, high quality, scaled images and to be able to do it solo at home and as frequently as desired.
This method solves an unrecognized problem. The prior art camera methods' images are not easily recognized on a computer monitor because people are used to using mirrors. It is the old “my left or your left” conversation when standing face-to-face. To compensate camera views must show only the back view for Left-Right uniformity. To show body context they are forced to show large areas of the body. These distant views reduce the possible magnification. This method allows higher magnification close-ups that avoid body part confusion. FIG. 2.
Unlike cameras, it utilizes the scanner's inherently self-scaled images that are independent of user error. This is reliable proof of growth the dermatologist can trust.
It is an affordable in-home method in a field of mostly large expensive professional devices.
It allows a high-risk home-user, to monitor their own skin on their own schedule.
Using a scanner instead of a camera provides an option for very high-resolution images that can be displayed greatly magnified on-screen for people with visual problems.
The home-user has the advantage of deciding which scans to do. They feel empowered by being in control of the process.
This meets the long felt need for solo in-home operation offering privacy, convenience, and private long-term access to the baseline images. It avoids the need to be photographed in scanty clothing by a friend. It avoids the need to coordinate schedules with that friend.
This method allows for solo operation whereas camera methods do not.
Practical and affordable body digital images for solo home-users. In the High-risk middle age to elderly age group, a partner may not exist. The older user may not feel comfortable being photographed in scanty clothing by a friend or a child.
This method allows for aligned imaging of areas that would not be possible for the solo individual with a camera. These areas include:
The front, back and sides of the torso,
The back and sides of the thighs,
The back of the calves,
Front, back and sides of the upper arms,
Back of the neck,
Front and sides of face.
A method using an economical standard flatbed document scanner that people may already own.
Document scanners older than 10 years old have excellent resolutions and features. Even old scanners have the option of at least 1200 dpi, which have excellent resolution FIG. 1.
Mirror Confusion and View Confusion Aids.
This solo home method meets the needs of the high-risk users: diagnosed melanoma patients, the middle aged, and the elderly. Diagnosed patients require four times more frequent monitoring by their dermatologist due to their increased risk of forming additional melanomas. This disease tends to strike people 40 and older when close visual acuity declines.
Advantages over the two mirror solo home method:
Presents adequate magnification of almost all skin even if not directly visible. Thereby compensating for any loss of near vision to see fractal patterns and irregular edges, mimicking a high quality magnifying glass. In addition, this magnification is applied not only spot by spot, but the comparison between baseline and current images can be displayed at great magnification. This makes it easy to examine the entire body at magnification in a timely manner, rather than laboriously using a magnifying glass to focus on the entire surface.
For visual inspection of areas that cannot be viewed directly, it is recommended to use a mirror. However, by viewing in a mirror, one views from a distance equal to the distance to the mirror plus from the mirror, which is too far for close examination. It is difficult to compare previous size taken at a different distance between mirrors. The innate size calibration of the scanner, independent of user error, eliminates the need to guesstimate the size of moles when using a magnifying glass with a distant wall mirror.
Compensates for memory loss in remembering previous size, or even if mole previously existed, or false memory of previous existence during last inspection. The traditional two-mirror method makes it impossible to judge size changes. The two mirrors are held at different distances resulting in different size reflections. A 6-month-old memory of the size of a reflection of a mole may not be accurate.
In not directly visible areas: Loss of agility to use mirrors, or only distant views in mirrors, are a problem. As is difficulty to focus mirrors with magnification for each lesion. In this age group, a partner may not exist, or their eyesight or memory may be not any better.
Documents Mole-free Areas. All surfaces including bare skin without moles are imaged. Since most people over 18 years form few, if any, new benign moles, the images function as an inventory of pre-existing moles and their sizes, shape, color, and edges. In addition, they are an inventory of areas that contained no moles. Approximately one-third of melanomas form from skin with no moles. Spot by spot methods which only examine moles in isolation, do not document areas of skin that are free of moles.
Another embodiment records only baseline views. These act as a baseline reference even without continued scanning in order to identify future formation of melanomas even decades later. Since the images include areas that could not be viewed directly, the observer without this historical reference would have no remembrances of previous size, or even whether a mole previously existed, or whether they have a false memory of a previous existence. Demonstrated growth is an important symptom for Physicians.
Data Permanence
Data Permanence is another feature that is unique over all other prior art for digital images aligned with baseline images. This method creates baseline images that will probably be durable over decades despite changing operating systems. The data is in the possession of the home-user. The baseline images are standard common file formats that the user can convert to new file formats, along with their other data, if the old file format becomes obsolete. The images can be manipulated in a manual mode with basic simple operating system functions, which may change syntax, but will probably always exist. There is a manual method independent of any particular operating system. Some of the other prior art sells CDs of customer's data to them for storage; however the customer independently cannot create more for comparison. Therefore, the images would not be aligned. Others, including U.S. Pat. No. 7,162,063, use computer programs to sort, rename, and display but describe no manual method. A person's baseline may be made when they are eighteen and they may still be using that same baseline when they are 60. In the intervening years, they may not have felt themselves to be at sufficient risk to make any current comparisons. They may find themselves at age 60 discovering a lesion and wanting to check if that existed decades earlier.
Unlike spot-by-spot methods, the comparison method does not require identifying individual moles. This makes it faster to inspect the images, which makes it practical to inspect the entire surface of the body. It not only compares existing moles, but also verifies mole-free areas (in which one-third of melanomas develop) are still mole free.
The Ignored Scanner
If a device in contact with the skin such as a flatbed document scanner is so good for this, why did the prior art not use this before? It is because a person is not a sheet of paper. They are heavy, not as thin as a piece of paper and cannot easily hover above a flatbed document scanner, which will chatter if too much weight is applied. Prior Art in US20020065456 does not use this type of flatbed document scanner for other than the few obvious lightweight, easily positioned parts: hands, only two sides of the forearm, and the face. This is because other body parts would cause the flatbed document scanner to lug the motor, strip gears, produce unrecognizable images, or otherwise damage the flatbed document scanner. In addition, it would require bizarre body positions not suitable for older high-risk individuals.
One might think to enclose the flatbed document scanner in a protective case. However, unless that case were as big as a bed that would be a painful and slow way to scan the outer side of an upper thigh. A bed-sized case would not be practical for a home-user.
Some prior art uses a flatbed document scanner to create digital images from film photos or photo prints. This does not have the advantages of this method because: unless it is a professional quality close-up 8×10 film photo, it would not contain the same information as a true scan. Even then, the magnification would be limited. If it is a printed up version of a digital camera it has the same low quality image problems as the original. FIG. 1.
This is not a simple adaptation of the traditional recommendation to patients to periodically take photos for inspection.
Most flatbed document scanners 13 must be used in very different ways not mentioned in the prior art using cameras. In addition, a flatbed document scanner can produce different results not possible with a camera. Most significantly, it is what allows one person solo to take aligned images of parts of their body they cannot even see. In addition, camera close-up images are difficult to interpret for orientation while the flatbed document scanner can provide easily sorted unambiguous close-ups. This method of the first embodiment sounds easy and obvious, but some difficulties that it solves are:
It is hard to figure out how to scan some difficult views of one's body solo. Furthermore, those must be safe and convenient positions for people over 40.
Views need to be consistent for body position and for alignment. That is much more difficult than it would seem.
A unique feature quickly informs the occasional home-user how to scan consistent images of each view of the body.
This consistency allows these images to be taken in “good enough” alignment for rapid checking. If not carefully aligned a few may need one conventional photo editing software alignment to allow for rapid inspection. Verses multiple realignments required for images of large portions of the body containing a confusing multitude of lesions.
A seeming disadvantage of the first embodiment is one scans more views than if one stood back with a camera. However, this is actually an advantage for these reasons. When one includes too much information in a picture, one reduces the resolution of the skin in that image and can no longer zoom in to see detail. In addition, it is a very difficult to align hands, forearm, upper arm, and both sides in one image. In taking images of large areas of the body, it is hard to know if one has every view angle of arms and legs. By having more views, the problem of realigning digital images is reduced. Realigning a digital image takes longer than making a scan.
The method of the first embodiment uses a flatbed document scanner 13. Solo home-users can align and examine moles they cannot directly see. The advantage of this is the scale is innately calibrated by the flatbed document scanner 13. Thus, growth of lesions can be detected over time by the non-medical user. Therefore, the user can seek earlier preventive treatment.
|
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Located on a beautiful pristine beach just 5 minutes walking distance to downtown Cabo San Lucas, Villa del Palmar offers the perfect blend of location, intimacy, relaxation and recreational activities. This five star resort is perfect for family vacations with its large swimming pools, dramatic waterfalls, salt water aquarium, and first class spa.
Villa del Palmar has one of the best spa's Los Cabos has to offer. The spa pampers its patrons with exotic treatments in its 10,000 square foot state-of-the-art facility. The full service fitness center, with the latest in cardiovascular exercise, full range of "Paramount" workout equipment, and a wide variety of free weights, provides the perfect
environment for the health-minded traveler.
The natural beauty and charisma of Los Cabos meets luxury accommodations and world-class amenities at this fine beachfront resort. You’ll find plenty of ways to enjoy yourself here, from the sparkling beachfront pools and whale slide to the European-style spa and fitness club. Villa del Palmar is full service and more: there’s a full spa, fitness clubs, two restaurants, art galleries and jewelry shops, a pharmacy, a market—even scooter rentals and horseback riding! There’s so much to see and do that you might not even leave the resort.
From the moment you enter the nine-story atrium lobby with its dramatic waterfalls, saltwater aquarium, and seashell chandeliers, you’ll realize you have made an excellent choice for your stay in Cabo San Lucas.
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A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus.
A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed and optimized to detect bovine viral diarrhea viral (BVDV) RNA. The RT-LAMP assay is highly sensitive and able to detect 4.67×10(0)copies of BVDV RNA. Additionally, the RT-LAMP method is capable of detecting both genotypes of BVDV. No cross-reaction with other bovine viruses was observed. The ability of RT-LAMP to detect BVDV RNA from bovine fecal swabs was also evaluated. Of the 88 fecal swabs, 38 were found to be positive by RT-LAMP assay, whereas 39 were positive by real-time RT-PCR. Taken together, the BVDV specific RT-LAMP method is highly specific and sensitive and can be used as a rapid and direct diagnostic assay for testing clinical samples.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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SciTechDaily
Tarot studying is an ancient form of divination that uses a set of 72 tarot cards to foretell the present, past and way forward for a person. Well being inequality – the distinction in mortality charges between the rich and the poor – is already a stark actuality Continuing developments in medical know-how are permitting those with cash to take better care of their well being through lifestyle and vitamin, take preventative measures primarily based on testing corresponding to genetic screening, and entry advanced medical interventions to remedy sicknesses when they do happen.
Submission tips: Agency accepts regular mail submissions solely; no email submissions. The quick advancing automation of know-how on the whole has given impetus to developments in various fields and improved the quality of human life. Genres: Fiction and narrative nonfiction, especially story-pushed narratives, new voices, and progressive cultural and political factors of view.
Submission tips: Question via e-mail or common mail. Submission pointers: Only accepts e-queries addressed to central e mail deal with. Genres: At present studying literary and industrial fiction and nonfiction for adults, and children’s fiction for 7+. Some psychologists have expressed considerations in regards to the social disconnect that occurs when folks swap actual life relationships for digital ones.
Due to these effects to human life and the fact that no one at the time really understood the outcomes of the experiment the Venture Rainbow was (publicly) ‘terminated’ and Von Neumann moved on to the Atomic Bomb and The Manhattan Mission. Even for many who are not any fan of computer systems or expertise, online banking allows individuals the opportunity to finish all their business in one sitting.
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Successful third renal transplantation in a child with an occluded inferior vena cava: A novel technique to use the venous interposition between the transplant renal vein and the infrahepatic inferior vena cava.
A girl aged 11 years and 3 months with occlusion of the inferior vena cava had experienced two renal transplant graft failures since birth. The third renal transplant from a live donor was carried out. Preoperative evaluation showed that the arteries from the right common to the right external iliac artery were absent, and the ilio-caval vein was occluded below the level of the renal vein. The donor's renal artery was anastomosed to the aorta. The donor's ovarian and large saphenous veins were used to extend the transplant renal vein to the recipient's patent inferior vena cava. The present report concludes that the extension of a short donor renal vein using other donor veins is a viable therapeutic option for pediatric patients with vascular occlusions.
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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Promoting canals and waterways as economic/environmental assets and cultural heritage
Main menu
Tag Archives: Danube-Oder-Elbe
Czech president Milos Zeman will be at the European Parliament building in Strasbourg on 26 February 2014, to lobby for inclusion of the Danube-Oder-Elbe water corridors in Europe’s ‘core corridor network’ for transport infrastructure investments.
Ostrava-based MEP Vojtech Mynar has invited interested parties to a round table with experts on the Danube-Oder-Elbe Water Corridor in the ‘Swan Bar’ gallery of the European Parliament building at 16:00. The meeting is aimed mainly at MEPs from the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. A parallel exhibition on the 100-year-old project will be on display at the venue throughout the week.
The Czech organisers, who have already established close collaboration with Poland for the Oder branch, observe that the newly adopted priorities of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T) do not include the international project for the Danube-Oder-Elbe Waterways (called ‘water corridors’ to highlight the non-navigation functions of water management), despite the significant contribution these waterways could make to meeting the EU’s objectives in reduction of road transport, emissions and job creation.
To take this project into consideration, the European Commission has already advised the Czech Government that it needs to have a relevant feasibility study and statements of the Member States concerned. The aim of this event is to discuss preparation of the project with politicians and experts, and to conclude with a common statement.
NOTE to editors: IWI has already supported the D-O-E water corridor project by writing to the then President Jan Fischer on 14/07/10, as well as to key ministers, before a critical vote in the parliament. If the motion had been carried, the land reserved for these waterways could have been sold off, making it virtually impossible to build the links at any future date.
Invitation to opening of the exhibition organised by Czech MEP Vojtech Mynar in the EP building in Strasbourg
N.B. Entry to the European Parliament building in Strasbourg for this event is restricted to invitees.
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From the files - March 18
From our own archive we bring you what happened in the Mearns in history.
25 Years Ago - March 22, 1991
Local MP Alick Buchanan-Smith this week expressed his ‘deep worry and dismay’ over Grampian Region officials decision to recommend 240 houses be built on Green Belt land in Newtonhill.
The decision to recommend approval was announced despite a local survey which revealed nearly 80% of over 450 villagers questioned were against the Headland Properties plan.
***
Stonehaven Rotary Club scooped the Scottish premiere screening rights of Mel Gibson’s new film portrayal of ‘Hamlet’ in aid of the international charity “Sight Savers.”
“Securing permission for the premiere will, we hope, be a marvellous boost for the charity,” said the clubs international service convener, Mr Derek Hunter. “It is also the most ambitious venture of its kind we have ever been involved in.”
The film includes scenes shot at Dunnottar Castle, which many local people will have seen transformed for the filming last summer with re-vamped battlements and colourful flags.
***
Stonehaven Music Club held their final concert of the season where feet were tapping all night with a large audience longing to dance.
Ron Gonnella, one of Scotland’s leaging fiddle players, opened with some Northern fiddle music.
50 Years Ago - March 18, 1966
Four hundred attended the annual congregational social of Dunnottar Parish Church in Stonehaven wgeb Rev. J.C Campbell was honoured on his retiral after 32 years of the church.
Chris Walker Labour candidate for North Angus and Mearns sent a letter to the editor about the lack of coverage of his campaign.
He wrote: “I am disturbed at your failure to report a single word of anything I have so far said in North Angus and Mearns. I feel that what the candidate of the Party at present in Government has to say is important to people in Kincardine. I have been advised at this juncture, I have reasonable grounds for complaint to the Press Council.
Answering Mr Walker’s letter, managing editor W. H Robertson wrote back: “Up to the time of the Mearns Leader going to press last week you had not made a single speech in Kincardineshire. I may point out that you have not sent us any lust of your meetings as the other candidates have done so. Neither you or your representatives have sent us any details about yourself or your career.
“In these circumstances it is ridiculous , in my view, to complain you are not getting your fair share of the publicity we can provide, which I take to be your complaint.”
100 Years Ago - March 16, 1916
The first sitting of the Military Tribunal for the County of Kincardineshire under the new regulations was held in the County Buildings, Stonehaven.
Mr James Mowat presided and Mr John Falconer, County Clerk acted as clerk to the Tribunal, while Major Allan was military representative. Out of the 121 cases which came before the Tribunal, 96 were granted absolute exemption on the recommendation of the Advisory Committee, the men on whose behalf application was made being in restricted trades or occupations.
Of these the great majority were farmers or farm workers.
***
Friday was the first day on which the fishing fleet was also able to proceed to sea, and they returned in due course of the afternoon with good takes of fish.
There were expectations that the local buyers would again refuse to attend the sale but forunately these were groundless and they were out in full force, while the “stranger” from Aberdeen also attended.
The prices were somewhat below the high level current some time ago but local buyers were keen to bid, although an occassional glance of disapproval was cast in the direction of the Aberdonian.
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Q:
How to make Symfony Form to use addSomething() / removeSomething() methods of the underlying object?
Suppose I have User object, which has $emails field. User object also has addEmail() and removeEmail() methods.
In my form type (UserType) I use CollectionType for $emails field.
After submitting a form, I want methods User::addEmail() and User::removeEmail() to be called instead of User::setEmails().
Is it possible?
A:
Yes it is possible, you just have to add the option 'by_reference' => false when building the form field.
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Q:
Upper and lower sums - Spivak
I am using the 2nd edition of the book page 218 in Calculus by Michael Spivak in the chapter of the Riemann Integral.
$$\sup \{ L(f,P) \} \leq \inf \{ U(f,P) \} $$
It is clear that both of thes numbers are between
$$L(f,P') \leq \sup \{ L(f,P) \} \leq U(f,P')$$
$$L(f,P') \leq \inf \{ U(f,P)\} \leq U(f,P'),$$
for all partitions $P'$
I really do not understand why $L(f,P') \leq \inf \{ U(f,P)\} \leq U(f,P'),$ is true. How does he justify the fact that $U(f,P) \leq U(f,P')$? He didn't state $P' \subset P$, he is claiming that this inequality is true for any partitions $P$ and $P'$. In the previous page he uses $P_1, P_2,P$ so I do not understand where $P'$ suddenly comes from
A:
Do you understand why $L(f,P') \leq \sup \{ L(f,P) \} \leq U(f,P')$ is true?
Is the same reasoning for $L(f,P') \leq \inf \{ U(f,P)\} \leq U(f,P')$.
The first inequality $L(f,P') \leq \inf \{ U(f,P)\}$ is true because $L(f,P') \leq U(f,P)$ for all partitions $P$ ( If $Q$ is the common refinement of $P$ and $P'$ then $L(f,P') \leq L(f,Q)\leq U(f,Q)\leq U(f,P)$).
For the other inequality note that the infimum is taken over all partitions of your interval (let's denote it as $[a,b]$) therefore $\inf \{ U(f,P)\}=\inf \{ U(f,P):P \text{ partition of }[a,b]\}$ and this is less or equal of $U(f,P')$ since $P'$ is a partition of $[a,b]$.
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Carol Toscano
Carol Toscano is an American operatic soprano who appeared frequently with a number of prominent American opera companies from 1962-1972. Afterwards she continued to perform in concerts and operas with less frequency. More recently she has appeared as a concert singer of works from the Great American Songbook. In her early career she won several prominent singing competitions.
Life and career
Born and raised in the Philadelphia area, Toscano studied singing with Marinka Gurewich, Claire Gelda, and Floria Mari. In 1960 she won third prize in the Marian Anderson Singing Competition and first prize at the American Opera Auditions in Cincinnati which led to her opera debut in 1961 as Rosina in Rossini's The Barber of Seville at the Teatro Nuovo in Milan, Italy. In 1962 she won the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions. That same year she made her debut at Carnegie Hall as Alice in Rossini's Le comte Ory under conductor Thomas Schippers with the American Opera Society (AOS); also singing under Schippers that year as Elvira in L'italiana in Algeri at Avery Fisher Hall and at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia for the AOS.
In 1963 Toscano made her debut at the San Francisco Opera as Olympia in The Tales of Hoffmann. She returned their twice more during her career, again as Olympia in 1967 and as Gilda in Rigoletto in 1970. In 1964 she made her debut at the Lyric Opera of Chicago as Frasquita in Carmen. She appeared in several more productions with the company through 1966, playing such roles as the Celestial Voice in Aida, the first Genii in The Magic Flute, and the Naiad in Ariadne auf Naxos. In 1965 she portrayed Scollatella I in the United States premiere of Hans Werner Henze's König Hirsch at the Santa Fe Opera. She was also heard in Santa Fe that year as Fiakermilli in Arabella and Praskovya Osipovna in the United States premiere Shostakovich's The Nose.
In 1966 Toscano made her debut at the Houston Grand Opera as the First Lady to Beverly Sills' Queen of the Night in The Magic Flute. In 1967 she portrayed Ida in the United States premiere of Henze's Der junge Lord at the San Diego Opera. In 1972 she returned to Carnegie Hall to portray Jemmy in the Opera Orchestra of New York's concert performance of Gioachino Rossini's William Tell with Nicolai Gedda in the title role. In 1980 she portrayed Adina in The Elixir of Love at the Orrie de Nooyer Auditorium in Hackensack, New Jersey. In 1981 she portrayed Marzelline in Beethoven's Fidelio with the Maine Opera Association.
In 1992 Toscano was a featured soloist with The Golden Land Klezmcr Orchestra under conductor Zalmen Mlotek at Lincoln Center for the Yiddish Music Festival. In recent years she has performed in concerts of works from the Great American Songbook, including performances of the works of Rodgers and Hart with husband Robert Abelson at the Governor Henry Lippitt House in 2013.
References
Category:Living people
Category:American operatic sopranos
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Musicians from Philadelphia
Category:20th-century opera singers
Category:20th-century American women singers
Category:Classical musicians from Pennsylvania
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Epidermal Basement Membrane in Health and Disease.
Skin, as the organ protecting the individual from environmental aggressions, constantly meets external insults and is dependent on mechanical toughness for its preserved function. Accordingly, the epidermal basement membrane (BM) zone has adapted to enforce tissue integrity. It harbors anchoring structures created through unique organization of common BM components and expression of proteins exclusive to the epidermal BM zone. Evidence for the importance of its correct assembly and the nonredundancy of its components for skin integrity is apparent from the multiple skin blistering disorders caused by mutations in genes coding for proteins associated with the epidermal BM and from autoimmune disorders in which autoantibodies target these molecules. However, it has become clear that these proteins not only provide mechanical support but are also critically involved in tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the unique organization and components of the epidermal BM. A special focus will be given to its function during regeneration, and in inherited and acquired diseases.
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// 2001-05-21 Benjamin Kosnik <[email protected]>
// Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this library; see the file COPYING3. If not see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
// 27.8.1.4 Overridden virtual functions
#include <fstream>
#include <testsuite_hooks.h>
const char name_05[] = "filebuf_virtuals-5.txt"; // empty file, need to create
bool over_called;
class Derived_filebuf : public std::filebuf
{
public:
int_type overflow(int_type c)
{
over_called = true;
return std::filebuf::overflow(c);
}
const char_type* pub_epptr() const
{ return epptr(); }
const char_type* pub_pptr() const
{ return pptr(); }
};
// libstdc++/9701 (partial)
void test11()
{
bool test __attribute__((unused)) = true;
bool over_expected;
// sputc
Derived_filebuf dfbuf_01;
dfbuf_01.open(name_05, std::ios_base::out);
over_called = false;
dfbuf_01.sputc('i');
VERIFY( over_called );
over_expected = dfbuf_01.pub_epptr() == dfbuf_01.pub_pptr();
over_called = false;
dfbuf_01.sputc('v');
VERIFY( (!over_expected && !over_called)
|| (over_expected && over_called) );
dfbuf_01.close();
}
int main()
{
test11();
return 0;
}
|
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Heart on a Wall
Heart on a Wall is a solo album by Blondie keyboardist and composer Jimmy Destri, released on Chrysalis Records in 1981. It remains unreleased on compact disc.
Overview
After Blondie's 1980 album Autoamerican, the band members took a break from both recording and touring as a group. The band's three principal songwriters, Deborah Harry, Chris Stein and Jimmy Destri instead recorded two solo projects; Harry and Stein the album KooKoo with Chic's Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers and Destri his first solo album Heart on a Wall. The album, produced by legendary movie composer/arranger Michael Kamen (who also played keyboards and sang backup vocals), features renowned musicians like guitarists Carlos Alomar (David Bowie, Paul McCartney, Mick Jagger, Iggy Pop), John Siegler (Todd Rundgren's Utopia),Tommy Morrongiello (Bob Dylan, Blue Öyster Cult) and Earl Slick (Bowie, John Lennon, Yoko Ono) as well as Blondie's Clem Burke on drums, and guest appearances by Chris Stein and Debbie Harry.
Heart on a Wall was released in the US, the UK and France (Chrysalis CHR-1368) as well as Australia and New Zealand (L-37774), West Germany (204 425-320) and the Netherlands (204 425). "Living In Your Heart" backed with "Don't Look Around" was also released as a 7" single in France (PB-8865).
Any digital release of the album remains highly unlikely, as the original master tapes have been lost.
Track listing
All tracks written by Jimmy Destri
Side A:
"Bad Dreams" – 3:21
"Don't Look Around" – 4:35
"Living in Your Heart" – 5:01
"My Little World" – 5:47
Side B:
"Little Metal Drummer" - 4:19
"Numbers Don't Count (On Me)" - 3:34
"The King of Steam" - 4:20
"Under the Ice" - 4:07
"Heart on a Wall" - 2:43
Personnel
Jimmy Destri - vocals, keyboards, guitar, backing vocals
Clem Burke - drums
Tommy Morrongiello - left guitar
Earl Slick - center guitar
Carlos Alomar - right guitar, backing vocals
John Siegler - bass
Michael Kamen - keyboards, backing vocals
Chris Stein - harmonica, lead guitar on "Little Metal Drummer"
Donna Destri - backing vocals
Debbie Harry - backing vocals
Sasha Kamen - backing vocals
Joey Wilson - backing vocals
Production
Michael Kamen - producer for Mother Fortune Inc.
Recorded in New York at The Hit Factory.
Mixed by Jimmy Destri and Robert Clifford with John Davenport and John Smith.
Mastered at Sterling Sound by Greg Calbi.
Art direction and photography by Lynn Goldsmith
Logistics: Ace Penna.
Production assistance: Susan Kaplow.
Bullpen: Bert Padell, Bob Emmer, Marty Silfen, Eddie Germano, Bill George, Brendan and Jeff.
Originally released as Chrysalis CHR 1368
Chart Peaks
References
Category:1981 debut albums
Category:Chrysalis Records albums
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Sony Xperia XZ Review: Price, Specs, Pros and Cons
Review of Sony Xperia XZ at a Glance:-
Sony added a new High End device in list with Camera oriented smartphone Sony Xperia XZ, This phone has many features that can attract a customer but it has some downsides that's why we have pointed some of the major Advantages/ Pros and Cons/ Disadvantages of this handset. The keys specification of Xperia XZ are 5.2 inches IPS LCD Display, Snapdragon 820 CPU, Android v6.0.1 Marshmallow, 23 MP primary | 13 MP Secondary Camera, 64 GB Internal Storage | 256 GB External Memory Card support, 3 GB RAM and 2900 mAh battery.The Re-Modified DesignThe look of phone is based on the modification of Sony's own OmniBalance design and it has large bezel area below and above the display, recently we have reviewed the Xiaomi Mi Mix with nearly negligible bezel area that's why Xperia XZ may looking much odd with such a huge bezel area. However it comes up with very elegant and comfortable design with curved glass and rounded edges that enhances the overall uncluttered look and ease in holding with single hand. May be everyone doesn't like it but in this handset Fingerprint scanner is integrated with power button on right edge, this right edge also houses Camera button and volume rockers, top has a hole for inserting 3.5mm audio jack while in the bottom USB Type C slot is fixed.
Pictures on DisplayThere is a phone Sony Xperia Z5 Premium launched in 2015 with 4K resolution and 806 ppi pixel density but now they have choose to go with optimum features regards the screen in Xperia XZ, it has 1080 x 1920 Full HD resolutions with 424ppi of display density. Alike Samsung launch High end smartphone with Super AMOLED display, Sony has developed TRILUMINOS Display for Mobile, which has X-Reality that can enhance the picture quality by adding missing pixels, reduces noise and sharpens the image. There is "glove mode" provides greater sensitivity is useful in the winter. It is well made for all kind of ambient light, so you will have a good visual experience with this handset.
The SnapShotHere this device is packed with 23MP primary camera with Exmor RS for mobile image sensor, award-winning G Lens and Sony’s Bionz image processing, which definitely help to capture better looking photos even after zooming and phone also capable to record the 4K videos. In comparing the image with Galaxy S7 Edge, the photos in low light captured from the Galaxy phone looks better. We are desperately missing the OIS in this handset although SteadyShot is helping us to some extent to stabilize the pictures. 13MP front camera is sweet cake for the selfie enthusiast people. Processor and PerformanceQualcomm Snapdragon 820 is installed with 3 GB RAM inside the phone, at this price point there is no Android handset with only 3 GB RAM, Obviously there is no hiccups in general multitasking and running different kinds of Games but when it comes to free memory and much smoother tasking Xperia XZ is behind its competitors.The Battery and ChargeThis phone has 2900 mAh battery and with Qnovo Adaptive Charging, company claims that it will have double lifespan as compare to counterpart batteries. STAMINA Mode is also help to Squeeze out every drop of battery juice efficiently. Moderate user can easily take its battery for nearly full day.Extra FeaturesYou need not to worry about the accidental fall in water or rains, Device is IP68 certified dust proof and water resistant over 1.5 meter water depth for 30 minutes. Sony is also offering Stereo Front Facing speakers with good audio quality but the speaker loudness is below average.
Pros of Sony Xperia XZ
IP68 certified dust proof and water resistant body up to 1.5 meter of depth.
Memory can be Extended up to 256 GB.
Corning Gorilla Glass 4 protection for the display.
Fast battery charging (Quick Charge 3.0)
Google Cast and NFC is supported.
Fast Fingerprint sensor is located in the side power button.
It has front-facing stereo speakers.
Cons of Sony Xperia XZ
No IR blaster.
Mediocre Speaker in loudness.
FM Radio is not pre-installed.
SIM 2 can't be used separately with memory card (Hybrid SIM Slot)
Battery is non-removable
3 GB RAM is less as compared to counterpart smartphones.
Why to buy and Final words about Sony Xperia XZ
This phone is an example of classical handset design with optimum features and good camera combination, there is nothing new about the craftsmanship while overall look of the handset is eye pleasing. Although many user may hate the large bezels which is cutting the area for main display. Sony featuring stereo front facing but the loudness is not as much as expected. However you always have options to choose from like LG G5, hTC 10 and Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge.
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---
title: Vue.js 0.10.6, and what's next
date: 2014-07-29 00:04:55
---
## 0.10.6
Vue.js 0.10.6 has been released! This is another small bug-fix release and will be the last maintainance version before the next major release.
<!-- more -->
- fix `v-style` error when value is falsy or a number. ( thanks to [@dmfilipenko](https://github.com/dmfilipenko) )
- fix the built-in `currency` filter error when value is a string ( thanks to [@dmfilipenko](https://github.com/dmfilipenko) )
- fix `Vue.require` for building with Component v1.0+ ( thanks to [@kewah](https://github.com/kewah) )
- Allow template nodes to be passed as a template option ( thanks to [@jordangarcia](https://github.com/jordangarcia) )
- `vm.$destroy()` now accepts an optional argument `noRemove`. When passed in as `true` it will leave the vm's DOM node intact after the vm is destroyed.
## Vue-next
Some of you might have noticed there is a [next](https://github.com/yyx990803/vue/tree/next) branch in the repo. And yes, I am re-writing Vue.js from scratch. There are two main reasons:
- Fix some issues that are caused by design flaws in the current version. Because these changes affect the design of some core modules, it is actually easier to rewrite than to apply on the current codebase.
- Improve general code quality (in particular, `compiler.js` as of now is a big pile of mess, and comments are not consistent across the codebase.)
Take note that the `next` branch is still in **very** early stage. The internals will change a lot, and when it comes out it **will** break current applications. Despite that I will try to keep the API changes to a minimum. Major differences with current 0.10 branch are documented in [`changes.md`](https://github.com/yyx990803/vue/blob/next/changes.md). The list is obviously incomplete and subject to change, some of them are simply ideas, but it at least gives you a taste of what to expect, and I'd appreicate your feedback on any of the topics.
Share your thoughts at [vuejs/Discussion](https://github.com/vuejs/Discussion/issues).
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{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Q:
IDocument cannot be resolved to a type
I'm very new to eclipse plugin devalopment and i want to get content from editor using eclipse plugin so i found this answer.
But problem is: I get the compile error IDocument cannot be resolved to a type. No quick fix imports available. My Eclipse version is 3.8.2.
How can I fix this problem?
The code I used (from the linked answer) is this:
public String getCurrentEditorContent() {
final IEditorPart activeEditor = PlatformUI.getWorkbench().getActiveWorkbenchWindow().getActivePage()
.getActiveEditor();
if (activeEditor == null)
return null;
final IDocument doc = (IDocument) activeEditor.getAdapter(IDocument.class);
if (doc == null) return null;
return doc.get();
}
I can't find org.eclipse.jface.text among my dependencies. Here is a snapshot:
A:
IDocument is in the org.eclipse.text plugin so you must add this to your plugin's dependencies list.
Note: You can also add the org.eclipse.jface.text plugin to the dependencies list as that will include the org.eclipse.text plugin.
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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IgA-mediated elimination of antigens by the hepatobiliary route.
Polymeric IgA antibody mediates the transport of corresponding antigens, in the form of IgA immune complexes (IC), from the circulation into the bile, whereas monomeric IgA, IgG, and IgM are ineffective. Transport has been shown with dinitrophenyl albumin and bacterial polysaccharides such as pneumococcal SIII and C-substance. The process does not result in breakdown of the antigen, which can be detected in the bile in intact free and IgA-bound forms. Although IgG promotes clearance of antigen from the circulation mainly to the liver, only low levels of breakdown fragments are detectable in bile. In mice, the mechanism of IgA IC transport does not appear to involve Kupffer cells, the complement system, or the glycoprotein receptors on liver cells because attempts to block these systems failed to affect transport. The mechanism appears to be analogous to that for free IgA. Transport could be inhibited by antigen-nonspecific IgA, but not IgG or IgM. IgA IC were found in the bile but not in the saliva, milk, urine, or bronchial or intestinal washings. A similar pattern of appearance was seen when IgA alone was injected. Thus hepatobiliary transport appears to be the major pathway for the clearance of both IgA IC and free IgA from the circulation.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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Significance StatementThere is no single medical cause for autism, and there are very few controlled studies. This research suggests that stem cells from autologous cord blood are safe and potentially have an impact on socialization for children with autism. The safety and observed changes warrant further investigation into the potential for cellular therapy as an intervention in pediatric neurologic conditions that do not require bone marrow replacement. This research provides insight and suggestions for future research conducted using stem cells from autologous umbilical cord to treat autism.
Introduction {#sct312282-sec-0002}
============
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1:68 children in the U.S. [1](#sct312282-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"}. While there are treatments for comorbid conditions as well as behavioral interventions for the core deficits, there is currently no cure. Based on its definition, ASD symptoms include deficits in communication and language as well as social reciprocity, and self‐stimulatory or perseverate type behaviors [2](#sct312282-bib-0002){ref-type="ref"}. These core features may all reflect a lack of integrative communication between the different brain regions that make up normal executive, social/emotional, and communicative behaviors that define normal development. ASD is a heterogeneous disorder and multiple risk factors including genetic predisposition, prenatal and postnatal environmental exposures, and immune dysregulation may contribute to its development [3](#sct312282-bib-0003){ref-type="ref"}, [4](#sct312282-bib-0004){ref-type="ref"}, [5](#sct312282-bib-0005){ref-type="ref"}. Twin studies have reported a higher concordance rate of ASD in monozygotic twins compared with dizygotic twins, however the monozygotic twin concordance rate is far less than 100% suggesting a distinct nongenetic contribution [6](#sct312282-bib-0006){ref-type="ref"}, [7](#sct312282-bib-0007){ref-type="ref"}. Current opinion suggests that ASD may result from the occurrence of several risk factors. Immune factors may be one important component of this theory.
Systemic immune dysfunction in individuals with ASD has been reported in several publications; however, the exact dysfunction has been variable [8](#sct312282-bib-0008){ref-type="ref"}. This variability is to be expected in a heterogeneous disease with multiple potential etiologies such as ASD. Maternal immune activation has been suggested as a potential environmental risk factor for developing ASD [3](#sct312282-bib-0003){ref-type="ref"}, [8](#sct312282-bib-0008){ref-type="ref"}. In addition, post‐mortem analysis of brains of individuals with ASD indicated microglial activation and neuroinflammation [9](#sct312282-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}, [10](#sct312282-bib-0010){ref-type="ref"}. Historically, the brain has been considered to be immunologically privileged, however a recent study suggested that lymphatic endothelial cells line the dural sinuses in mice [11](#sct312282-bib-0011){ref-type="ref"}. This might explain findings from earlier studies suggesting that the central nervous system undergoes constant immune surveillance in the meningeal compartment [12](#sct312282-bib-0012){ref-type="ref"}, [13](#sct312282-bib-0013){ref-type="ref"}.
Brain structure and connectivity in ASD may also be abnormal. Post‐mortem and brain MRI imaging studies have suggested that a period of neuronal overgrowth and hyperconnectivity in early childhood may be followed by hypo‐connectivity later in life [9](#sct312282-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}, [10](#sct312282-bib-0010){ref-type="ref"}. Other studies have suggested that the brains in individuals with ASD might have areas of both hypo and hyperconnectivity [14](#sct312282-bib-0014){ref-type="ref"}. Immune dysregulation including altered cytokine profiles, T‐cell and B‐cell dysfunction, and in utero stress factors may alter the fetal environment and change neuronal interaction and connectivity via glial cell activity [8](#sct312282-bib-0008){ref-type="ref"}, [9](#sct312282-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}, [15](#sct312282-bib-0015){ref-type="ref"}, [16](#sct312282-bib-0016){ref-type="ref"}, [17](#sct312282-bib-0017){ref-type="ref"}, [18](#sct312282-bib-0018){ref-type="ref"}, [19](#sct312282-bib-0019){ref-type="ref"}, [20](#sct312282-bib-0020){ref-type="ref"}, [21](#sct312282-bib-0021){ref-type="ref"}, [22](#sct312282-bib-0022){ref-type="ref"}. One study found that the ratio of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) in cerebrospinal fluid versus serum may be elevated [19](#sct312282-bib-0019){ref-type="ref"}. Other studies have shown activated microglia and elevation of cytokines such as IL‐6 and MCP‐1 [9](#sct312282-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}, [18](#sct312282-bib-0018){ref-type="ref"}.^,^ Maternal and ASD subject serum circulating autoantibodies have been described [20](#sct312282-bib-0020){ref-type="ref"}. Prior studies have examined the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), steroid therapy, and specific medication for anti‐inflammatory inhibition of cytokines for immune dysfunction associated with ASD [17](#sct312282-bib-0017){ref-type="ref"}, [23](#sct312282-bib-0023){ref-type="ref"}, [24](#sct312282-bib-0024){ref-type="ref"}, [25](#sct312282-bib-0025){ref-type="ref"}, [26](#sct312282-bib-0026){ref-type="ref"}. Experience with immune dysfunction and ASD therapies to date have highlighted the lack of consensus of what is the best approach with standard medications. Direct cytokine inhibition in animal models and in a human pilot study suggests a correlation of reduced TNF‐α and interleukin beta (IL‐1β) with improved outcomes [27](#sct312282-bib-0027){ref-type="ref"}.
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) contains a mixed population of cells and is rich in hematopoietic stem cells. Theoretically, UCB has the potential to regulate an abnormally activated immune system which may potentially improve neuronal function [28](#sct312282-bib-0028){ref-type="ref"}, [29](#sct312282-bib-0029){ref-type="ref"}, [30](#sct312282-bib-0030){ref-type="ref"}. Umbilical cord tissue and UCB have also been used to regulate immune dysfunction [31](#sct312282-bib-0031){ref-type="ref"}. Preclinical studies have reported that cells from intravenously infused human UCB can migrate to the parenchyma of injured brain and alleviate neurological impairment in animal models of perinatal brain injury [32](#sct312282-bib-0032){ref-type="ref"}, [33](#sct312282-bib-0033){ref-type="ref"}, [34](#sct312282-bib-0034){ref-type="ref"}. The demonstrated functional improvements were not due to cell differentiation and repopulation, but rather are hypothesized to be a transient paracrine effect of the infused cells upon the host cells. One proposed mechanism of action is that the donor cells secrete factors that might promote endogenous repair and angiogenesis [35](#sct312282-bib-0035){ref-type="ref"}.
Currently, UCB has been used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells in over 35,000 transplants worldwide for the treatment of hematological and immunological conditions [36](#sct312282-bib-0036){ref-type="ref"}, [37](#sct312282-bib-0037){ref-type="ref"}, [38](#sct312282-bib-0038){ref-type="ref"}. The use of autologous UCB (AUCB) offers little risk of immune system reactions. A pilot study assessing the safety of AUCB infusions in newborn infants with hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy reported that the infusions were well tolerated and no adverse events were reported [39](#sct312282-bib-0039){ref-type="ref"}. In a separate study, 76 children with hydrocephalus received up to four AUCB infusions and no infusion‐related adverse events were reported [40](#sct312282-bib-0040){ref-type="ref"}. A publication describing AUCB infusions in 184 infants and children with cerebral palsy, congenital hydrocephalus, or other brain injuries reported that 1.5% had only mild hypersensitivity reactions (hives and/or wheezing) with no additional adverse events reported up to 3 years later [41](#sct312282-bib-0041){ref-type="ref"}.
Considered overall, the research to date investigating AUCB infusions has established safety in a variety of pediatric populations, however, the question of efficacy remains unanswered because of a lack of studies conducted as randomized clinical trials or that include control groups. A recent meta‐review of four randomized‐controlled trials and one nonrandomized clinical trial compared the use of different cell types in patients with cerebral palsy. This analysis suggested a small statistically significant intervention effect on gross motor scales with UCB being the most effective compared with other cell types analyzed [42](#sct312282-bib-0042){ref-type="ref"}.
The current research and clinical experience has established a sound rationale to support investigation of AUCB in patients with ASD. [8](#sct312282-bib-0008){ref-type="ref"}, [30](#sct312282-bib-0030){ref-type="ref"}, [31](#sct312282-bib-0031){ref-type="ref"}, [43](#sct312282-bib-0043){ref-type="ref"} The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the safety of a single infusion of AUCB in subjects with ASD and document changes in language, social behavior, and learning.
Materials and Methods {#sct312282-sec-0003}
=====================
This study was a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled exploratory trial with treatment arm crossover at 24 weeks. Participants were infused with either AUCB or placebo, evaluated at baseline, 12, and 24, weeks, infused with the opposite product, then evaluated again at 12 and 24 weeks post infusion. (Fig. [1](#sct312282-fig-0001){ref-type="fig"}) This study was approved by the Sutter Health Sacramento Institutional Review Committee and registered at [clinicaltrials.gov](http://clinicaltrials.gov) number NCT01638819.
{#sct312282-fig-0001}
Participants {#sct312282-sec-0004}
------------
Eligible subjects were children ages 2 to 7 years with a diagnosis of ASD based on DSM‐IV‐TR and the Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule (ADOS) administered by the neuropsychologist and corroborated by the Principal Investigator (PI). Participants were required to have AUCB cryopreserved at Cord Blood Registry (CBR, South San Francisco, CA) processed on the AutoXpress (AXP) Platform (Cesca Therapeutics, Rancho Cordova, CA). Children with a diagnosis of Asperger or Pervasive Developmental Disorder‐Not Otherwise Specified were not eligible to participate. Review of the potential subjects' medical histories were completed to rule‐out genetic conditions or other potentially confounding medical diagnoses. Subjects were required to have documentation of a normal karyotype, Fragile X DNA testing, and chromosomal microarray analysis. Subjects were also required to have 24 hours EEG studies within 6 months of baseline in order to define the population better and determine if EEG abnormalities would change during the study.
Cord Blood Unit Criteria and Dosing {#sct312282-sec-0005}
-----------------------------------
Cord blood units were required to meet the following criteria as documented at the time of storage at CBR: post‐processing total nucleated cell (TNC) count at least 10 × 10^6^/kg, viability \> 85%, negative sterility cultures, maternal infectious disease marker testing performed and negative (HIV, Hepatitis B and C, HLTV, syphilis) or, if not performed at time of unit storage, confirmed negative through prenatal medical record review. The cord blood unit identity was confirmed via HLA typing of a cord blood test aliquot and peripheral blood of the study subject prior to cord blood unit release. ABO and Rh status were also reviewed as part of identity verification. In addition, a cord blood aliquot was tested for TNC, viability, colony forming unit, and CD34+ cell count to confirm potency prior to cord blood unit release. Cord blood units were initially cryopreserved in a bag consisting of two compartments with an 80%/20% volume configuration. Based on the total available TNC count, only a portion of the cord blood unit was required to meet the minimum cell dose requirements of the study. Either the 80% or 20% compartment was released from CBR for use in the trial and the remainder of the unit remains in storage for potential future use.
Subject Enrollment and Randomization {#sct312282-sec-0006}
------------------------------------
After informed consent and screening for eligibility, subjects were enrolled in the study and randomized to a treatment arm. The computerized randomization program assigned subjects 1:1 in blocks of 4 to group A (infusion of AUCB first, infusion of 0.9% saline placebo second) or group B (infusion of 0.9% saline placebo first, infusion of AUCB second).
Cord Blood Unit Preparation and Administration {#sct312282-sec-0007}
----------------------------------------------
The cryopreserved cord blood units were shipped from CBR to the local cell therapy laboratory in a dry shipper validated to maintain appropriate temperature. Cord blood units remained cryopreserved until the scheduled infusion date as indicated in the randomization scheme. On the day of the AUCB infusion, the AUCB product arrived at the pediatric infusion outpatient clinic via courier from the cryopreservation lab in a temperature monitored dry‐shipper. Preparation of the product for infusion was conducted in a room separate from study subjects and parents. The blinded PI was not present for the infusion, but was present for pre‐infusion monitoring and post‐infusion safety monitoring on the following day.
In preparation for the AUCB infusion, authorized study personnel with knowledge and experience in transplant procedures removed the product bag from the dry shipper, washed the sealed product bag with chlorohexidine, and warmed the sample to 37°C in a sterile water bath. Once the AUCB product was thawed, the unblinded transplant physician extracted the AUCB product from the bag using a sterile syringe diluted with sterile saline to a total volume of 50 ml. After standard blood filtration, the diluted product was administered via peripheral IV site by direct injection via syringe. A small sample of the AUCB product was saved for post‐thaw testing. Premedication of 0.5 mg/kg IV diphenhydramine (Benadryl) was administered in 10 ml saline and dispensed as 50 mg/ml. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a cryoprotectant agent for the AUCB during freezing and storage. Because DMSO has a garlic‐like odor, all subjects consumed garlic oil orally from a syringe or mixed with food to preserve blinding. In addition, small amounts of DMSO were placed in containers around the room to produce the odor of DMSO during the infusion. The IV bag and line were covered in cloth/tape to maintain blinding. Vital signs were taken within 30 minutes before start of the IV and every 15 minutes once the saline drip started until infusion (AUCB or placebo) was completed, which took between 5 to 15 minutes. Additionally, subjects were monitored for indications of adverse events and vital signs were monitored every 15 minutes for 1 hour following the infusion. Subjects were discharged after completion of the observation period if subjects were asymptomatic and showed no sign of allergic reaction or unstable vital signs. Subjects returned for an outpatient safety visit with the PI the day after the infusion to assess for infusion‐related side effects and obtain routine lab tests.
Post‐Thaw Cord Blood Unit Testing {#sct312282-sec-0008}
---------------------------------
A small sample of the cord blood unit was sent on ice by courier to the study laboratory to complete the following post‐thaw testing: sterility, % viability, CD34+ cell counts, and for most cases, CFU analysis. Toward the end of the study, the original lab used for all AUCB testing closed which required processing subsequent samples at a second lab. The second lab was unable to conduct CFU analysis.
Endpoint Testing {#sct312282-sec-0009}
----------------
### Safety {#sct312282-sec-0010}
Evaluation of subject safety was conducted by obtaining a complete blood count, comprehensive chemistry panel, and urinalysis at the screening, safety, and follow‐up visits. Safety endpoints included documentation of adverse events as reported by the investigator at an office visit the day after the infusion. Parents were also asked to keep a diary of any observed changes in behavior, irritability, and language, which were discussed at the 12 and 24‐week follow‐up visits. Participants who had abnormal EEGs at baseline had repeat EEGs at 12 and 24 weeks. Abnormalities had to show specific bifrontal predominant generalized or focal spike wave activity predominantly in temporal central parietal regions.
### Primary Endpoints {#sct312282-sec-0011}
The primary outcome endpoints were the Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th edition (EOWPVT‐4) and Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th edition (ROWPVT‐4). The EOWPVT‐4 and ROWPVT‐4 are standardized measures of single word comprehension and expression respectively. These co‐normed tests are administered by a neuropsychologist and allow comparisons of a child\'s receptive and expressive vocabulary skills.
### Secondary Endpoints {#sct312282-sec-0012}
Secondary endpoints included: (a) Stanford Binet, 5th edition Fluid Reasoning (SBFR) and Knowledge (SBKN) subtests. These tests are administered by a neuropsychologist and provide a standardized assessment of verbal as well as nonverbal cognitive abilities across the life span; (b) Vineland Adaptive Behavior and Socialization Scales, 2nd edition for Communication, Daily Living Skills, Socialization, and Adaptive Behavior Composite (ABC). These are questionnaires completed by a parent or caregiver. Scores above 80 are classified using approximately the same ranges as IQ tests. Scores below 80 are categorized as borderline adaptive functioning (70--80); mildly deficient adaptive functioning (51--69); moderately deficient adaptive behavior (36--50); severely deficient adaptive behavior; (20--35); and markedly or profoundly deficient adaptive behavior (\<20) [44](#sct312282-bib-0044){ref-type="ref"}. (c) Clinical Global Impression (CGI) subscales for Social, Receptive, and Expressive skills as rated by the PI based on clinical impressions. The baseline CGI is a measure of severity as rated on a Likert scale from 1 to 7. For this study, severity was categorized as minimal deficits (1--2.5), mild to moderate deficits (3--4.5), and severe deficits in social receptive and expressive speech functions (5.0+). At each subsequent visit, the PI rated patients on improvement from the previous visit on a scale of 1 to 7. For this study, improvement was categorized as improved (≤2.5), no change (3.0--3.5), and worse (4.0+). Subjects underwent in‐person testing for these study endpoints at baseline 12, and 24 weeks after infusion of each product.
Sample Size and Statistical Analysis {#sct312282-sec-0013}
------------------------------------
Fifteen patients in each treatment group were calculated as necessary to provide 84% power to detect a 7 (SD = 9.1) unit advantage for AUCB over placebo on the primary endpoint of ROWPVT (*α* = 0.05, two‐tailed) [45](#sct312282-bib-0045){ref-type="ref"}.
Histograms and normal probability plots were used to screen the data for outliers and assess normality of individual variables. Scatterplots, correlation coefficients, and means were used to assess the association between post thaw CD34 and percent viability with the primary endpoints. Generalized linear models were used to compare differences between responses on primary and secondary endpoints under the AUCB versus placebo conditions using all available observations. Analyses included the repeated effects of the response variables at the 12‐ and 24‐week time periods after infusion of each product (AUCB, placebo). Group of administration (AUCB first or placebo first) and the group X treatment interaction were included in the model as fixed effects. The analysis was designed to compare the mean difference as: \[12 *and* 24 *week AUCB* -- *baseline AUCB*\] − \[12 *and* 24 *week placebo* -- *baseline placebo*\]
A statistically significant interaction indicated presence of a carryover effect, meaning that differences in the response variable depended on administration group. For these variables, differences between the subjects that received AUCB first were compared with the subjects who received placebo first and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the 12‐week and 24‐week scores between the groups after adjusting for baseline scores. Multiplicity was corrected for by controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at a level of 0.05 for groups of end points where there was at least one statistically significant finding at the *p* \< .05 level [46](#sct312282-bib-0046){ref-type="ref"}. Because this was an exploratory trial, both the raw *p*‐values and FDR *p*‐values were reported.
Results {#sct312282-sec-0014}
=======
Thirty subjects were randomized and all except one received both infusions. One subject received the baseline infusion and was lost to follow‐up leaving 29 subjects with complete data on primary and secondary endpoints. Table [1](#sct312282-tbl-0001){ref-type="table-wrap"} provides the demographics and information regarding the AUCB that was infused. Ninety five percent of units tested post‐thaw demonstrated CFU growth.
######
Baseline demographic and autologous umbilical cord blood unit characteristics of subjects that completed the study (*N* = 29)
*n* (%) Mean (Min--Max)
------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------------
**Age (years)** 4.53 (2.42--6.80)
**Sex**
Female 4 (13.8)
Male 25 (86.2)
**Weight (kg)** 19.21 (13--34)
**Racial/Ethnicity**
Asian 4 (13.8)
White 24 (82.8)
Hispanic 5 (17.2)
Other 1 (3.4)
**Abnormal EEG at baseline** 9 (31.0)
**ADOS**
** **Social affect 15.14 (6.00--22.00)
Restricted and repetitive behavior 3.76 (0.00--8.00)
Comparison 7.75 (3.00--10.00)
**Compartment infused**
80% 21 (72.4)
20% 8 (27.6)
**Viable total nucleated cell (vTNC) count infused ×10^6^ (*n* = 22)** 335.09 (103.00--1,024.10)
**TNC dose infused × 10^6^/kg (*n* = 22)** 16.16 (6.20--31.82)
**Total colony forming units (per 1 × 10^5^)** 20 137.0 (0--360.00)
**Percent viability post‐thaw, (flow cytometry 7‐AAD)** 53.73 (30.00--70.00)
**Percent viable CD34 -- post‐thaw (*n* = 28)** 0.47 ± (0.08--1.48)
Abbreviations: ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule; EEG, electroencephalogram.
There was no association between 12‐ and 24‐week EOWPVT and ROWPVT scores and post thaw total viability or CD34 count based on correlation coefficients and scatterplots. Stratification of the post thaw CD34 at the median of 0.44 showed that subjects who received an infusion above the median had lower baseline scores than subjects who received an infusion that was below the mean. However, there was little change over time between participants within a stratum. For example, ROWPVT scores for participants who received an infusion that was below the median were 82.64 ± 30.55 at baseline, 81.71 ± 26.56 after 12 weeks, and 84.79 ±24.74 after 24 weeks. ROWPVT scores for participants who received an infusion with a CD34 percent above the median were 76.80 ± 21.26 at baseline, 76.40 ± 20.37 after 12 weeks, and 76.40 ±19.23 after 24 weeks.
Safety {#sct312282-sec-0015}
------
Table [2](#sct312282-tbl-0002){ref-type="table-wrap"} shows the reported AEs and the likely relatedness of the events to the AUCB infusion. No adverse events required treatment. There were no observed allergic reactions or serious adverse events associated with the administration of AUCB. Nine of the 29 participants had abnormal baseline 24 hours EEG ambulatory results within 6 months of baseline. This reflects about average the percent of abnormal EEG percentage range found in this age group in other studies (30%--60%). There were no observed changes in EEGs at 12 or 24 weeks for subjects when in either group for patients who had abnormal EEGs at baseline.
######
Adverse events and potential relatedness to autologous cord blood infusion
Relatedness
------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------- ------- -------- --------
Constitutional symptoms 37 43% 1 2 34
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders 3 3% 0 0 3
Gastrointestinal disorders 26 30% 0 8 18
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders 0 0% 0 0 0
Neurological disorders 0 0% 0 0 0
Pain 0 0% 0 0 0
Pulmonary/Upper respiratory disorders 11 13% 0 0 11
Reproductive system and breast disorders 0 0% 0 0 0
Psychiatric disorders 0 0% 0 0 0
Renal and urinary disorders 9 10% 2 4 3
**Total** **86** **100%** **3** **14** **69**
Clinical Global Impression {#sct312282-sec-0016}
--------------------------
Table [3](#sct312282-tbl-0003){ref-type="table-wrap"} shows the CGI baseline severity scores and number and percent in each improvement category at the 12‐ and 24‐week visits. Baseline CGI severity and expressive, receptive, and social improvement were similar for both groups.
######
Baseline severity Clinical Global Impression and improvement after 12 and 24 weeks under each condition
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Baseline severity (*N* = 29) 12 week change from baseline\ 24 week\
(*N* = 29) change from baseline\
(*N* = 29)
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
**Expressive**
Placebo 12(41.4) 8(27.6) 9(31.0) 15(51.7) 3(10.3) 11(37.9) 16(55.2) 3(10.3) 10(34.5)
AUCB 14(44.8) 7(24.1) 8(27.6) 15(51.7) 4(13.8) 10(34.5) 16(55.2) 5(17.2) 8(27.6)
**Receptive**
Placebo 12(41.4 8(27.6 9(31.0) 14(48.3) 5(17.2) 10(34.5) 17(58.6) 5(17.2) 7(24.1)
AUCB 13(44.8) 5(17.2) 11(37.9) 17(58.6) 2(6.9) 10(34.5) 18(62.1) 3(10.3) 8(27.6)
**Social**
Placebo 12(41.4) 9(31.0) 8(27.6) 14(48.3) 3(10.3 12(41.4 16(55.2) 2(6.9) 11(37.9)
AUCB 13(44.8) 6(20.7) 10(34.5) 16(55.2) 1(3.4) 12(41.4) 18(62.1) 3(10.3) 8(27.6)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abbreviation: AUCB, autologous umbilical cord blood
Primary and Secondary Endpoints {#sct312282-sec-0017}
-------------------------------
Figure [2](#sct312282-fig-0002){ref-type="fig"}A (EOWPVT) and 2B (ROWPVT) show the means for each group throughout their time in the study. Figure [3](#sct312282-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"}A through 3E display the means for the EOWPVT (Panel A), ROWPVT (Panel B) Stanford‐Binet Knowledge (Panel C), Stanford‐Binet Fluid Reasoning (Panel D), and Vineland Socialization (Panel E) over the study for all 29 subjects under both conditions. There were no statistically significant carryover effects for these endpoints. This allowed participants to be used as their own control and mean differences for all 29 subjects compared after infusions of AUCB and placebo at 12 and 24 weeks versus baseline.
{#sct312282-fig-0002}
![Mean Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test **(A)**, Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test **(B)**, Stanford Binet‐Knowledge **(C)**, and Stanford Binet Fluid Reasoning subscales **(D)** and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale for Socialization **(E)** at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks for all 29 subjects under each condition. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale for Socialization: *F* ~1,27~ = 5.08; *p* = .032 (false discovery rate \[FDR\] adjusted *p*‐value = .025) after 12 weeks; *F* ~1,27~ =1.95; *p* = .174 (FDR adjusted *p*‐value = .045) after 24 weeks.](SCT3-7-333-g003){#sct312282-fig-0003}
There were no statistically significant changes in the EOWPVT (Fig. [3](#sct312282-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"}A), ROWPVT (Fig. [3](#sct312282-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"}B), or Stanford Binet subscales (Fig. [3](#sct312282-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"}C, [3](#sct312282-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"}D) when subjects received placebo versus AUCB at 12 and 24 weeks post infusion. The score on the Vineland Socialization subscale was significant as scored per guidelines after 12 weeks for the AUCB group, but after applying the false discovery method for adjustment of multiple comparisons the scoring did not reach significance (Fig. [3](#sct312282-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"}E).
There were statistically significant (*p* \< .05) group X treatment interactions for the Vineland ABC, Communication, Motor, and Daily subscales which indicated that changes over time between these scores depended on the order that AUCB was administered. For these endpoints, the means scores between the 14 participants who received AUCB first and 15 participants who received placebo first were compared at 12 and 24 weeks and adjusted for differences in baseline scores. The results of these ANCOVAs (Table [4](#sct312282-tbl-0004){ref-type="table-wrap"}) showed that all Vineland subscales had lower mean scores for the AUCB group than the placebo group at both 12 and 24 weeks. None of these differences were statistically significant after adjustment for baseline scores and using the FDR adjustment for multiplicity.
######
Results of analysis of covariance comparing 12‐ and 24‐week placebo and autologous umbilical cord blood (AUBC) scores when adjusted for baseline scores for Vineland subscales with a statistically significant order by treatment interaction. Means ± standard deviations (SD) represent the 15 cases receiving placebo first and the 14 cases receiving AUCB first
Baseline Mean ± SD 12 weeks Mean ± SD *p*‐value FDR adjusted *p*‐value 24 weeks Mean ± SD *p*‐value FDR adjusted *p*‐value
------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ----------- ------------------------ -------------------- ----------- ------------------------
**ABC**
Placebo 74.27 ± 16.00 74.93 ± 12.40 .025 .015 75.00 ± 11.60 .015 .005
Cord blood 66.00 ± 12.20 66.15 ± 15.05 67.57 ± 16.52
**Communication**
Placebo 79.60 ± 17.18 81.47 ± 14.63 .045 .035 83.33 ± 15.46 .044 .030
Cord blood 66.00 ± 15.56 67.79 ± 16.21 68.00 ± 18.82
**Motor**
Placebo 77.67 ± 13.57 79.57 ± 11.51 .029 .020 76.67 ± 7.61 .022 .010
Cord blood 73.86 ± 13.17 73.50 ± 15.09 69.71 ± 15.10
**Daily**
Placebo 77.13 ± 16.61 78.13 ± 14.21 .203 .050 77.33 ± 15.30 .097 .040
Cord blood 68.14 ± 15.55 68.13 ± 15.32 70.36 ± 17.73
Abbreviation: FDR, false discovery rate.
Discussion {#sct312282-sec-0018}
==========
This pilot study is the first randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial performed in the U.S. to assess the feasibility of treating children with ASD with AUCB. The results of this study showed that AUCB infusions are safe for this population. There were no reported serious adverse events, similar to other studies of AUCB infusions [39](#sct312282-bib-0039){ref-type="ref"}, [40](#sct312282-bib-0040){ref-type="ref"}, [41](#sct312282-bib-0041){ref-type="ref"}, [47](#sct312282-bib-0047){ref-type="ref"}. There were also no statistically significant differences between scores on the two primary or secondary endpoints after infusion with AUCB versus infusion of placebo.
The present study provides further evidence that treatment with AUCB is safe but there was minimal evidence of clinical effectiveness. Although the lack of significant results of this study are in contrast to the findings of an open‐label trial conducted by Dawson et al. [47](#sct312282-bib-0047){ref-type="ref"} who reported improvements in behavior on parent reports of social communication skills, clinician ratings of autism symptoms, and standardized measures of expressive vocabulary in children with ASD after the infusion of AUCB, parents and investigators observed similar subjective improvements. While those findings show promise for AUCB as a potential treatment for ASD, the lack of both blinding and a control group do not allow for definitive conclusions. Both studies assessed change from baseline at 12 and 24 weeks and used some similar endpoints. However, the present study incorporated both blinding and a placebo treatment to minimize the potential for a placebo effect that may occur in open label studies and used standard scores for both objective and subjective endpoints. While raw scores may show more variation, standard scores reflect what is appropriate for children of a specific age and allow conversion of raw scores into meaningful expression of performance relative to age expectations.
Language testing in the ASD population is difficult due to often atypical developmental course. Use of raw scores or use of language tests other than the EOWPVT and ROWPVT could have potentially resulted in more precise measurement of function in these areas, specifying gain, stability, or loss. For example, with the current measures, standard scores above the 95th percentile limit the capture of gains in post‐treatment scores (ceiling effect). This, however, was not contributing factor in the current analysis. Standard scores below the 2nd percentile occurred frequently in this investigation and potentially limit capture of function (loss, stability, minor improvements) as well. While there is little room to measure loss, even opportunity for growth can be misleading. For example, stability in raw scores in each scenario (no loss of skill) could result in decreased standard score even with a 3‐month advance in age. In fact, minor improvements could translate into stability or decrease in standard scores upon conversion if the rate of growth is less than anticipated by the standardized data for demographic age‐expectations. This also pertains to a lesser degree to the Vineland and the Stanford‐Binet tests. The subjective measurement of CGI is commonly used in studies of ASD in part due to these challenges. Although not to be interpreted in isolation, the measurable change in CGI scores may be more meaningful than standardized scores.
In addition to the difficulty in measuring language in this population, there are other aspects of the present investigation that could have limited the ability to detect significant findings. These include a crossover design and lack of standardization of AUCB dose.
The study was designed as a crossover study. Repeated measures designs allow for greater power with fewer subjects than parallel groups trials. One reason for the choice of the crossover design was that there are few treatments for ASD so parents would be less likely to want to enroll children in a trial with a chance of only receiving a placebo, or in a trial with a wait list option where subjects randomized to placebo could potentially be aged out of the trial while waiting to be given AUCB. The design choice resulted in excellent compliance by parents so that complete data were available for all visits, on all endpoints, for 29 subjects. The disadvantage of this design is the potential for carryover of a treatment which means that only the first sequence of treatments can be used for analysis. The present study showed no carryover effect for the two primary endpoints but there were carryover effects for several secondary endpoints. There is the potential that 12 weeks was not a sufficient amount of time to detect potential changes. However, Figure [2](#sct312282-fig-0002){ref-type="fig"}A and [2](#sct312282-fig-0002){ref-type="fig"}B, which show the change over time for the 14 participants who received AUCB first and were followed for the full 24 weeks, suggest that this is likely not the reason for lack of effect.
The other reason for the choice of the crossover design is that it allows for subjects to serve as their own control. The ASD population has widely variable levels of functioning and this was seen in the baseline differences in the endpoint scores between the groups who received AUCB first versus those who received placebo first. This is a potential problem in all randomized studies of autism and was one of the advantages of the crossover design where subjects are used as their own control. Perhaps stricter control on the level of initial baseline function required for study inclusion would have led to less variability among subjects and increased the ability for differences to be detected and is suggested for a future investigation. The advantage of strict inclusion criteria is better control and less variability but the disadvantage is that the results become generalizable to a smaller subset of the ASD population.
Dosage of AUCB may be a reason for lack of evidence of efficacy. Although all samples met the minimum requirement of a post thaw percent viable CD34+ of 20%, participants varied widely in percentage and number of CD34+ cells in samples infused. Furthermore, 27% of participants received 1/5th of their available AUCB based on parental choice to only use the minor compartment. Parents were reticent to use the entire banked sample on an investigational treatment but an analysis of dose response would be valuable in future studies.
Despite the limitations of the study, a core symptom of autism, socialization, showed trends in improvement on the Socialization Subscale of the Vineland. The strengths of this study were successful maintenance of blinding and excellent compliance by parents attending all follow up visits despite some having to travel long distances over several months.
We recognize that our results do not corroborate with the results of Dawson et al. [47](#sct312282-bib-0047){ref-type="ref"}. Such discrepant results between investigations of comparable design warrant careful consideration of the variables that potentially contributed to outcomes. Specific attention should be given to blind versus open designs. Lack of significant measurable benefit was observed only in the blinded scenario while significant change of any kind was observed only in the open scenario. There may be significant potential benefit, even if it occurs within a sub‐population of the larger ASD phenotype. As we begin to explore possible benefits from these new technologies we would benefit from not taking a position of controversy, but rather of collaboration and appreciation that these two investigations were vastly different studies. Dawson et al. [47](#sct312282-bib-0047){ref-type="ref"} may well have discovered something that we missed, but any future studies should consider implementing a blinded investigation with a control group. We might also lack, at this time, tools that effectively capture real change in this population. Measurement of behavior is inherently more subjective than biometrics.
The goal of this pilot study was to assess safety and design the first U.S. based study of AUCB for treatment of ASD. This study demonstrates that infusion of AUCB in individuals with ASD is safe and feasible when studied in a rigorous trial design and revealed challenges that need to be addressed to advance the study of the AUCB.
Conclusion {#sct312282-sec-0019}
==========
Infusion of AUCB for children with ASD is safe but efficacy has yet to be determined. Tightly controlled trials are necessary to further progress the study of AUCB for autism.
Author Contributions {#sct312282-sec-0022}
====================
M.C.: conception and design, collection of data, manuscript writing, final approval of manuscript; C.L.: conception and design, collection of data, final approval of manuscript; C.P.: conception and design, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing, final approval of manuscript; A.D.‐C.: collection of data; A.H.: data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing; M.C.: conception and design, collection of data.
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest {#sct312282-sec-0021}
=============================================
M.C. has received consulting and speaking fees from CBR Systems, Inc, the source of funding of the research grant. The other authors indicated no potential conflicts of interest.
This study was funded by CBR Systems, Inc.
|
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We established that neurons present in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), similar to leukocytes, express a wide variety of receptors for cytokines, chemokines, opioids, anandamide and other neuropeptides. We previously showed that prior exposure to chemokines such as MIP1&#945;results in PKC mediated desensitization of the chemotactic response to opioids by opioid receptors, and thus potentially enhances pain. This decrease in the analgesic effect of opioids was evident from the enhanced tail flick assay of rats administered MIP1&#945;or RANTES prior to an analgesic opioid into the PAG of the CNS. We then extended these earlier studies by showing that prior administration of chemokines Asensitized and primed the calcium flux of capsaicin or anandamide stimulated vanilloid (TRPV1) algesic receptor on DRG neurons. This response also increased pain as shown by the enhancement of paw withdrawal in response to the intrathecal administration of the chemokine prior to capsaicin in vivo. This sensitization of the vanilloid receptor was also PKC dependent. Consequently, proinflammatory chemokines can increase pain both by suppressing opioid and enhancing vanilloid receptor responses. Based on these studies, we predicted that the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine, which also interacts with GiPCR, might have effects on chemokine receptors. Indeed our studies showed that prior addition of adenosine results in suppressing the in vitro chemotactic response of leukocytes to a variety of chemokines. Furthermore, prior in vivo injection of adenosine inhibited the in vivo influx of leukocytes into a murine air pouch by about 90%. This cross-desensitization of chemokine receptors by adenosine A2a receptors was PKA dependent. The role of adenosine as an immunosuppressive effector molecule also has been reported to mediate the cell contact dependent effects of Tregs and to interfere with host resistance to tumors. Thus, studies of adenosine effects are relevant to tumor biology and immunology. These studies therefore reveal novel pathways of receptor mediated intercommunication of inflammatory as well as painful stimuli. Means of interfering with these PKC and PKA dependent signals and the pathophysiological relevance of this receptor cross-talk to inflammation and pain need to be further evaluated. Our current project focuses on neuroimmune interactions contributing to pain sensation in cancer patients funded by an INIP postdoctoral IRA financial grant from NIAID and NCI. As previously shown, chemokine receptor cross-talk suppresses analgesic opioid receptors, but enhances algesic transient receptor potential channel (TRP) receptors, thus resulting in painful inflammation. a) In collaboration with Dr. Jeffrey Cohen, NIAID we have investigated this in a cotton rat herpes virus infection model for chemotherapy induced Herpes Zoster. Herpes infection of dorsal root ganglia results in extremely painful inflammatory responses along nerve tracts. It has been reported that VZV infection produces TLR ligands and we have found that peripheral neurons present in dorsal root ganglia express TLR3, 7 and 9 which when stimulated express mRNA for many cytokines and chemokines. In addition, TLR ligand stimulation of neurons upregulate the expression of TLRs and TRPV1. Furthermore, preincubation of neurons for 16 hours with the TLR ligands, enhances the calcium flux induced by capsaicin stimulation of TRPV1. Consequently, products of the herpes virus interacting with these TLR's can either directly or indirectly, by inducing chemokines, enhance the response of TRPV1 pain receptors, providing one possible basis for herpes Zoster neuralgesia in immunosuppressed cancer patients. These studies in a pain model indicate that the peripheral pain reported by many cancer patients may be addressed by effective regulation of neuroimmune molecules.
|
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|
Update 9/25:
DC has revealed five more retailer-exclusive variant covers for The Dark Knight III: The Master Race #1, as well as a general 1:50 variant cover from Watchmen artist Dave Gibbons. Scroll down for a look at all 13 covers revealed so far.
dark knight iii variant covers 13 IMAGES
Comic*Pop Collectibles – Matt Wagner
ConBox – Kenneth Rocafort
ComicXposure – Babs Tarr
Heroes Aren't Hard to Find – Brian Stelfreeze
Past Present Future Comics – Tony Daniel
BuyMeToys.com – Gary Frank
Newbury Comics – Michael Allred
Comic Book Legal Defense Fund – Paul Pope
Books-A-Million – Rafael Albuquerque
Silver Snail – Francis Manapul
Hypno Comics – Bill Sienkiewicz
Borderlands Comics and Games – Klaus Janson
Graham Crackers Comics – Darwyn Cooke
Yesteryear Comics – Jason Fabok
Third Eye Comics – Brian Bolland
M&M Comics Service – Dave Dorman
Legacy Comics and Cards – Artgerm
Dynamic Forces – Jae Lee
Midtown Comics – Greg Capullo
Midtown Comics – Marc Silvestri
Rebel Base Comics & Toys – Sean Murphy
Lone Star Comics (mycomicshop.com) – John Cassaday
Dragon’s Lair – Ivan Reis
Tate’s Comics + Toys + More – Kevin Eastman
Cards, Comics & Collectibles – Amanda Conner
Diamond UK – Jock
Forbidden Planet Limited – Adam Hughes
AOD Collectibles – Dale Keown
JScottCampbell.com – J. Scott Campbell
Heroes and Fantasties – Tim Sale
Yancy St. Comics – Kelley Jones
Zapp! Comics – Terry Dodson
Madness Games & Comics – Joshua Middleton
Ssalefish Comics – John Romita, Jr.
Lange's Sports – David Finch
Disposable Heroes Comics – Simon Bisley
Phantom – Walter Simonson
Hastings – Tyler Kirkham
Beyond Comics – Eduardo Risso
Instock Trades – Lee Bermejo
Discount Comic Book Service – Neal Adams
Bulletproof Comics – Gabriele Dell’Otto
DC has also revealed the full list of retailers that will be offering exclusive covers and the artists that will be drawing them:Keep checking back as more of these dark, striking covers are revealed in the coming weeks.The original story is below.
The Dark Knight III #1 cover by Andy Kubert and Klaus Janson
The Dark Knight III #2 cover by Andy Kubert
We have the exclusive reveal for the cover and solicitation text for the second issue of DC's highly anticipated mini-series The Dark Knight III: The Master Race. This information sheds a bit more light on a project that's still very much shrouded in mystery, including confirming that a major player from the Dark Knight mythos will be a focus of the story.DC will be publishing both regular and oversized "collector's editions" versions of of The Dark knight III #2 in December. Scroll down to find out what's in store that month:DARK KNIGHT III: THE MASTER RACE #2Written by FRANK MILLER and BRIAN AZZARELLOArt by ANDY KUBERT and KLAUS JANSONMinicomic art by TBDCover by ANDY KUBERT1:10 variant cover by KLAUS JANSON1:25 variant cover by ANDY KUBERT1:50 variant cover by TBD1:100 variant cover by FRANK MILLER1:500 variant cover by JIM LEEOn sale DECEMBER 2332 pg comic: 6.375” x 10.1875”16 page minicomic: 5.5” x 8.5”FC, 2 of 8, $5.99 US • RATED T+The unexpected finale to the Dark Knight saga continues as Carrie Kelly gets caught…that is, she finds herself…she gets into—well, you’re just going to have to read it yourself.DARK KNIGHT III: THE MASTER RACE #2 COLLECTOR’S EDITIONWritten by FRANK MILLER and BRIAN AZZARELLOArt by ANDY KUBERT and KLAUS JANSONCover by JIM LEEOn sale JANUARY 6 • 40 pg, FC, 7.0625” x 10.875”, $12.99 US • RATED T+This oversized paper-over-boards COLLECTOR’S EDITION features both stories from DARK KNIGHT III: THE MASTER RACE #2 at the same size!Obviously DC still isn't revealing much about the plot of The Dark Knight III, but the issue #2 solicit does confirm that Carrie Kelly will play a major role in the story. Carrie has apparently evolved from being Robin in The Dark Knight Returns to Catgirl in The Dark Knight Strikes Again to assuming the mantle of Batman proper in this sequel. This lends credence to early rumors that The Dark Knight III will parallel the original and revolve around Carrie seeking her superhero successor.In related news, we also recently learned why the rumors about current Batman writer Scott Snyder being involved with this project were wrong.We'll find out more about this futuristic Batman epic when the first issue hits stories in November.
Jesse is a mild-mannered writer for IGN. Allow him to lend a machete to your intellectual thicket by following @jschedeen on Twitter , or Kicksplode on MyIGN
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}
|
Q:
Struggling with CORS error using Spring,Angularjs and Ionic frame work
Controller.java
In Controller class,I have defined url and while accessing from browser its working fine.
But when accessing the same url request from Ionic program, getting CORS error.Due to this error i have added necessary content in doFilter method too.But still left helpless.
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/service")
public class Controller implements Filter {
@RequestMapping(value = "/name", method = RequestMethod.POST,
headers = "content-type=application/x-www-form-urlencoded",produces="application/json")
public String reg(@ModelAttribute Farmer farmer) {
System.out.println("Getting request from Mobile client...!!" + farmer);//farmer.firstName is null
String result = "Hello..!";
System.out.println("Request processed");
return result;
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
System.out.println("External request start..!!");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, PUT,GET,DELETE");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with");
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
System.out.println("External request end..!!");
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
Farmer.java
public class Farmer {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
//getters and setters
}
I have edited my question.Please do check it.
Thank you.
A:
After going with lot of trials and referring examples.Finally fixed this issue.So just thought of adding here.If in case anyone might need it.
This fixes just by adding
@CrossOrigin,@RestController,consumes="application/json" in your
controller method.
@CrossOrigin
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/service")
public class Controller implements Filter {
@RequestMapping(value = "/name", method = RequestMethod.POST,
headers = "content-type=application/x-www-form-urlencoded",consumes="application/json")
public String reg(@ModelAttribute Farmer farmer) {
System.out.println("Getting request from Mobile client...!!" + farmer);//farmer.firstName is null
String result = "Hello..!";
System.out.println("Request processed");
return result;
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
System.out.println("External request start..!!");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, PUT,GET,DELETE");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "x-requested-with");
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
System.out.println("External request end..!!");
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
Thank you
|
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|
482 F.2d 220
1973-1 Trade Cases 74,564
Aubrey D. HANSON d/b/a Hanson Paint & Glass Company,Plaintiff-Appellee,v.PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS INDUSTRIES, INC., Formerly PittsburghPlate Glass Company, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 72-2136.
United States Court of Appeals,Fifth Circuit.
June 25, 1973.Rehearing Denied Aug. 14, 1973.
Tom S. Milam, Lubbock, Tex., Smead, Roberts, Harbour, Smith, Harris & French, Longview, Tex., John P. S. O'Connor, Cyrus V. Anderson, Pittsburgh, Pa., for defendant-appellant.
Scott Baldwin, Carl R. Roth, Marshall, Tex., for plaintiff-appellee.
Before GOLDBERG, AINSWORTH and INGRAHAM, Circuit Judges.
AINSWORTH, Circuit Judge:
1
In this Robinson-Patman price discrimination action, defendant Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company1 appeals from a judgment in favor of plaintiff Aubrey D. Hanson. We hold that the district court erred in denying defendant's motions for a directed verdict and for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, and reverse.
2
Hanson entered the glass industry at the age of 22 when he worked for PPG as a glass cutter in Shreveport, Louisiana, in 1927. Three years later he became a PPG salesman in Northwestern Louisiana, Eastern Texas, Southeastern Oklahoma, and Southwestern Arkansas. In 1946, he established an independent glass retail business in Marshall, Texas. The business made an average profit of $12,892 for the years 1948 to 1955, but then sustained losses in each succeeding year except for small profits of $613 in 1958 and $204 in 1964.
3
Hanson's financial problems began when a new glass retailer, Martex Glass Company, opened in 1952 as a direct competitor in Marshall.2 Martex became a recognized distributor of Shatterproof Glass Corporation, entitling it to greater discounts than were generally available to Hanson. For example, Shatterproof offered its auto glass to Martex at a discount of about 68 per cent. PPG offered auto glass to Hanson at a discount of about 55 per cent. Another glass distributor, Safelite Glass Corporation, undersold PPG by offering auto glass to all retailers at a discount of about 60 per cent. When Hanson's business began to decrease, PPG reassessed the situation in an effort to rebuild its volume of sales. PPG decided to approach Martex and offer it the lowest PPG published price, namely, the discount currently available in Marshall only to Hanson. But Martex declined and explained that the glass could be purchased at a lower price from other sources. As a result, on May 4, 1964, the PPG district manager in Shreveport authorized its salesman to "meet the prices being quoted by Safelite Glass Corporation of Dallas, Texas, to Martex Glass Company of Marshall, Texas." However, PPG continued to follow its own published list in selling to Hanson. Hanson continued to buy from PPG but purchased most of his inventory from Safelite and other suppliers.
4
Hanson's debts with various creditors increased as his business declined. He was indebted to the bank, did not pay his rent for five or six months, and postdated his checks. After Hanson fell behind on his account for an amount in excess of $1,000, Safelite discontinued its business with him in 1965. By 1968, Hanson also owed substantial sums to his other suppliers, PPG and Binswanger Glass Company.
5
Hanson closed his business and then filed suit against PPG on April 10, 1968, alleging that defendant treated Hanson's competitors more favorably than it treated Hanson, thus violating section 2 of the Clayton Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 13 (1971). Plaintiff alleged that his "flourishing and profitable business" was destroyed and that he lost past and future profits estimated at $220,000. Plaintiff sought treble damages and reasonable attorneys' fees as provided by section 4 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 15 (1971). Defendant counterclaimed on Hanson's overdue note dated February 3, 1965, payable to PPG for $23,983.59 plus interest and attorneys' fees. The district court granted summary judgment on PPG's counterclaim for $29,111.45, together with $7,277.86 as attorneys' fees.
6
Plaintiff's claim was tried before a jury. After a trial that lasted several days, with testimony of numerous witnesses and receipt in evidence of over 10,000 exhibits, defendant moved for a directed verdict under Rule 50(a), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The district judge denied the motion, and the jury returned a verdict in favor of Hanson for $148,000. PPG filed a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict under Rule 50(b), which was also denied. The district judge trebled the verdict of $148,000 to a total of $444,000, and added an allowance of $80,000 for attorneys' fees. Only PPG appeals so the propriety of the summary judgment against Hanson on the counterclaim is not contested.
7
Plaintiff grounds his action under the provisions of section 2(a) of the Clayton Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act, which forbids "any person . . . to discriminate in price between different purchasers of commodities of like grade and quality . . . where the effect of such discrimination may be substantially to lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce, or to injure, destroy, or prevent competition with any person who either grants or knowingly receives the benefit of such discrimination, or with customers of either of them." 15 U.S.C. Sec. 13(a) (1971). There are three possible defenses available to defendant PPG under the circumstances of this case. First, section 2(a)3 expressly permits justification for price differentials due to "differing methods" of manufacture. Second, section 2(a)4 permits another cost justification5 when "differing . . . quantities" are purchased. Third, section 2(b)6 provides a defense if the seller lowered its price "in good faith to meet an equally low price of a competitor."
8
In assessing whether the defendant carried its burden of defending its price differentials, see Federal Trade Commission v. Morton Salt Co., 334 U.S. 37, 44-45, 68 S.Ct. 822, 827, 92 L.Ed. 1196 (1948), to such an extent as to warrant a directed verdict, we are guided by the standard of review enunciated in Boeing Company v. Shipman, 5 Cir., 1969, 411 F.2d 365, 374 (en banc):
9
On motions for directed verdict and for judgment notwithstanding the verdict the Court should consider all of the evidence-not just that evidence which supports the non-mover's case -but in the light and with all reasonable inferences most favorable to the party opposed to the motion. If the facts and inferences point so strongly and overwhelmingly in favor of one party that the Court believes that reasonable men could not arrive at a contrary verdict, granting of the motions is proper. On the other hand, if there is substantial evidence opposed to the motions, that is, evidence of such quality and weight that reasonable and fair-minded men in the exercise of impartial judgment might reach different conclusions, the motions should be denied, and the case submitted to the jury. A mere scintilla of evidence is insufficient to present a question for the jury. The motions for directed verdict and judgment n. o. v. should not be decided by which side has the better of the case, nor should they be granted only when there is a complete absence of probative facts to support a jury verdict. There must be a conflict in substantial evidence to create a jury question. However, it is the function of the jury as the traditional finder of the facts, and not the Court, to weigh conflicting evidence and inferences, and determine the credibility of witnesses.
10
We find that there is no conflict in substantial evidence and, accordingly, we are compelled to reverse.
11
Aside from a full transcript of the trial, together with all the exhibits, we have the benefit of a well-organized presentation of the facts submitted in the briefs of both parties which was not available to the jury or district court. Thus we have given unusually close and careful attention to the record herein.
12
During the trial plaintiff introduced numerous exhibits in an effort to show that the prices charged by PPG to Hanson were higher than those charged by PPG to competitors of Hanson. Plaintiff's counsel showed his exhibits to the jury on a projector, thereby saving the time of handing each exhibit from juror to juror. Plaintiff's counsel then interrupted the review of exhibits with a series of questions to Hanson about the history of Hanson's dealings with his customers. The defense responded with its own testimony, price lists, and invoices of sales by PPG's competitors. After studying the record we believe it was highly unlikely that the jury or district judge could have fully assimilated the material as presented. During oral argument of this case on appeal, we requested that counsel for plaintiff make a list in a supplemental brief of each transaction supporting his allegations of price discrimination. Counsel for defendant then agreed to review each transaction and justify any price differences between PPG's invoices to Hanson and to his competitors in a reply brief.
13
Plaintiff's counsel prepared a "Chart of Comparable Sales"7 to show in PPG's sales to Hanson the invoice number, date, item, and percentage of discount, which was then compared to discounts PPG gave to Hanson's competitors. Defendant responded to each instance of alleged price discrimination by producing folders of invoices categorically arranged by type of item sold. In addition, defendant supplied summaries by date of the price lists used by PPG and its competitors, such as Safelite, Autoglass Company, and Carlite.
14
After reviewing this material we find that the three defenses justify all of the instances of price differentials except a few which are de minimis.8
15
We illustrate how each defense applies to certain transactions as follows: As to the first defense pertaining to price differentials due to "differing methods" of manufacture, the documentation shows that sales listed by Hanson in support of his contention of price differentials actually involved items where there was justification for the difference based on higher cost of manufacture. Hanson thus lists a purchase from PPG dated April 15, 1964, of 1/8-inch Factrolite at a price of 62 cents per foot and Geldmeier's purchase from PPG at 35 cents per foot. But reference to the invoices shows that Hanson purchased specially cut size whereas Geldmeier purchased a standard stock size. Both sales by PPG to Hanson and to Geldmeier followed PPG's published price. The different price reflects the added cost of specially cutting the items and is therefore justified under section 2(a). See Sylvania Elec. Prod., Inc., 51 F.T.C. 282 (1954), reprinted in 2 S. Oppenheim & G. Weston, The Lawyers' Robinson-Patman Act Sourcebook 921 (1971). See generally P. Areeda, Antitrust Analysis 685 (1967); E. Kintner, An Antitrust Primer 68-70 (1964); F. Rowe, Price Discrimination Under the Robinson-Patman Act 281-82 (1962).
16
As to the second defense which related to cost justification when differing quantities are purchased, Hanson compared PPG sales without indicating that Hanson bought less on these occasions than his competitor purchased from PPG. Volume discounts are typical for this industry.9 Any lower price given to Hanson's competitor followed a price list granting volume discounts. As an illustration, Hanson's chart compared his purchase of a 1/4-inch thick mirror on June 18, 1965, with Magnolia's purchase on January 20, 1965, demonstrating that PPG charged Hanson $1.10 per square foot and Magnolia $1 per square foot. Yet the chart failed to compare the volume involved in each purchase. Hanson purchased one mirror of about 41 square feet whereas Magnolia purchased eleven mirrors totaling 429 square feet. PPG's published price list shows a charge of $1.10 per square foot for a purchase of less than 400 square feet, a charge of $1 per square foot for a purchase of more than 400 square feet, and a charge of 95cents per square foot for a purchase of 850 square feet. What PPG charged Hanson and Magnolia conforms exactly to the price list. Magnolia got a lower price by purchasing a sufficient quantity to be eligible for a 10cents per square foot savings. We recognize the difficulty of justifying quantity discounts. See United States v. Borden Co., 370 U.S. 460, 82 S.Ct. 1309, 8 L.Ed. 2d 627 (1962); Automatic Canteen Co. v. Federal Trade Comm'n, 346 U.S. 61, 68, 73 S.Ct. 1017, 1021-1022, 97 L.Ed. 1454 (1953). See generally P. Areeda, Antitrust Analysis 686 (1967); F. Rowe, Price Discrimination, ch. 10 (1962); Lovett, A Crossroads for the Robinson-Patman Act, 45 Tul.L.Rev. 1, 11-14 (1970). But this case differs in principle from the leading case of Federal Trade Commission v. Morton Salt Co., 334 U.S. 37, 42, 68 S.Ct. 822, 826, 92 L.Ed. 1196 (1948), where the quantity discounts were "equally available to all, but functionally they are not." PPG's price schedules did not require a purchase of such large quantities as to make the discounts functionally unavailable to Hanson. The discounts were graduated with such small increments that they appear to reflect only the differences in the cost of manufacturing, selling, and delivering items in larger volume.
17
As to the third defense relating to price differentials to meet competition, in the instances where PPG gave some customers a price differing from the price available to Hanson, PPG met the price offered to the customers by competitors of PPG. Thus PPG followed its own published price list in sales of windshields to Hanson but followed Safelite's published price list in sales of windshields to Martex.10
18
The meeting of competition defense provided in section 2(b) has been interpreted to be an absolute defense, Standard Oil Co. v. Federal Trade Comm'n, 340 U.S. 231, 71 S.Ct. 240, 95 L.Ed. 239 (1951); Jones v. Borden Co., 5 Cir., 1970, 430 F.2d 568, 572, and applies despite the incidence of damage to nonfavored purchasers. Federal Trade Comm'n v. Sun Oil Co., 371 U.S. 505, 519-520, 83 S.Ct. 358, 367, 9 L.Ed.2d 466 (1963); see C. Austin, Price Discrimination 97 (1959). We believe that a "reasonable and prudent" man would conclude that PPG adopted Safelite's price list as a reasonable method of meeting the lower price of its competitor, thereby satisfying the test enunciated in Callaway Mills Co. v. Federal Trade Comm'n, 5 Cir., 1966, 362 F.2d 435, 442. See also Jones v. Borden Co., 5 Cir., 1970, 430 F.2d 568, 572; Surprise Brassiere Co. v. Federal Trade Comm'n, 5 Cir., 1969, 406 F.2d 711, 715.
19
Hanson's counsel argued to the jury, however, that PPG did not verify its competitors' offers until after the lawsuit was filed.11 We note in the record, however, several letters between PPG's salesman and district manager discussing the need to meet competition from Safelite. There is also other evidence to confirm that PPG acted in good faith to meet competition. Safelite made its prices available to many retailers in the area, so its prices were not secret.12 A representative of Hanson's competitor, Ray Lawson of Martex, testified that the lower prices they received from PPG came after a discussion of prices being offered by PPG's competitors.
20
Hanson contends that it was indicative of PPG's "predatory intent" that PPG called on Hanson's customers and offered them greater discounts than were given to Hanson. But these discounts conform to the competitive prices offered by PPG's competition. Furthermore, the customers Hanson mentioned were volume purchasers, such as automobile dealers, who reasonably might be expected to deal directly with a manufacturer. When Hanson resigned from PPG in 1946 to establish an independent business, he did not retain an exclusive right to deal with customers in the area of Eastern Texas. He had been the PPG salesman in the area prior to 1946, and, after he left, PPG replaced him with another salesman. Even though there may be some doubt whether the defense of meeting competition is available when used to gain new customers as opposed to retaining old ones, no such distinction is apparent in the statute, and accordingly we follow the reasoning of the decision by the Seventh Circuit in Sunshine Biscuits, Inc. v. F.T.C., 1952, 306 F.2d 48,13 and find that PPG engaged in reasonable competitive tactics. See generally Hampton v. Graff Vending Co., 5 Cir., 1973, 478 F.2d 527, 537.
21
Our review of the case convinces us that there is no conflict in substantial evidence, and that a verdict should have been directed for defendant. PPG does not dispute plaintiff's evidence, but relies on the defenses provided for by the Clayton Act itself (as amended). The differences in prices charged by PPG are in each instance fully supported by one of these defenses and by evidence in which there is no substantial conflict.
22
Finally, the evidence does not support Hanson's argument that he went out of business due to PPG's pricing policies during the relevant period14 from 1964 to 1968. Hanson's purchases from PPG during the four-year period never exceeded 26 per cent of his total purchases in any single calendar year and were as low as 1 per cent in one year. These purchases are summarized as follows:
23
Nevertheless, competitive injury may be inferred when one set of customers buys at substantially lower prices than other customers. Federal Trade Comm'n v. Morton Salt Co., 334 U.S. 37, 47, 68 S. Ct. 822, 828-829, 92 L.Ed. 1196 (1948). In the present case, any inferred competitive injury is negated by the fact that Hanson had available comparable products from other suppliers at prices equivalent to the prices PPG gave to Hanson's competitors. See Admiral Corp., FTC Dkt., CCH Trade Reg. Rep. p 17,230, p. 22,304 at p. 22,309 (1965), reprinted in S. Oppenheim & G. Weston, The Lawyer's Robinson-Patman Act Sourcebook 256, 262 (1971). See also Borden Co. v. F.T.C., 5 Cir., 1967, 381 F.2d 175, 180.
24
A review of Hanson's profits for the period 1948 through 196815 belies the conclusion that PPG drove him out of business by its pricing policies during the statutory period from 1964 to 1968. During most of the last thirteen years he consistently operated at a loss. It had been eight years prior to the start of the statutory period since Hanson made a substantial profit. His business, therefore, was not, as he contends, "flourishing and profitable" at the time PPG began giving his nearest competitor, Martex, the greater discounts.
25
The actual causes of Hanson's failure appear to be the new competition after 1952, the fire that partially destroyed the building in 1963 when he had inadequate insurance to cover his loss, and Safelite's refusal to deal with him after 1965 when he did not pay his debt. None of these causes can be attributed to the actions of PPG.
26
Reversed.
1
Since suit was filed, the name of the company has been changed to P.P.G. Industries, Incorporated
2
Another problem was a fire in 1963 which destroyed part of the building Hanson rented. He did not have adequate insurance to cover his loss
3
The defense is based on the following language in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 13(a) (1971):
. . . Provided, That nothing herein contained shall prevent differentials which make only due allowance for differences in the cost of manufacture, sale, or delivery resulting from the differing methods . . . in which such commodities are to such purchasers sold or delivered . . . .
4
The defense is based on the following language in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 13(a) (1971):
. . . Provided, That nothing herein contained shall prevent differentials which make only due allowance for differences in the cost of manufacture, sale, or delivery resulting from the differing . . . quantities in which such commodities are to such purchasers sold or delivered.
5
"Cost justification" is a term of art frequently employed by commentators to denote section 2(a) defenses for price differentials which reflect differences in the cost of supplying different purchasers. See, e. g., P. Areeda, Antitrust Analysis 684 (1967); D. Baum, The Robinson-Patman Act 22 (1964); A. Stickells, Antitrust Laws 477-78 (1972)
6
The defense is based on the following language in 15 U.S.C. Sec. 13(b) (1971):
. . . Provided, however, That nothing herein contained shall prevent a seller rebutting the prima-facie case thus made by showing that his lower price or the furnishing of services or facilities to any purchaser or purchasers was made in good faith to meet an equally low price of a competitor, or the services or facilities furnished by a competitor.
7
This "Chart of Comparable Sales" was essentially the same as Exhibit A in plaintiff's original appellate brief. At oral argument, after counsel for plaintiff called Exhibit A the "critical exhibit as far as plaintiff is concerned," this Court asked, "Do you stand or fall on whether the proof in Exhibit A stands or falls?" Counsel answered, "I will come close to saying, yes sir." Then he went on to say that the exhibit represents the "bulwark" of purchases in years 1964 and 1965 by Hanson from PPG
8
Several sales by PPG to Binswanger Glass Company of Shreveport, Louisiana, are in the de minimis category. Binswanger was a competitor of PPG, so PPG had no interest in making sales in large quantities at low prices to Binswanger, thereby minimizing any potential harm to Hanson or to the public. The quantity of such sales was small, apparently only occurring as a courtesy which one distributor extended to the other when one had need of an item not in stock. These de minimis sales do not violate section 2(a), since the section applies only where "the effect of such discrimination may be substantially to lessen competition." (Emphasis added.) See Skinner v. United States Steel Corp., 5 Cir., 1956, 233 F.2d 762, 764
9
The importance of this factor is reflected in our recent opinion in Hampton v. Graff Vending Co., 478 F.2d 527, 537
10
Using the example of automobile glass earlier referred to, we note that PPG's published price list gave discounts of the following amounts depending on the quantity of windshields purchased:
52
60% discount for 1 part
55
00% discount for 2 parts
56
80% discount for 3 parts
58
00% discount for 4 to 11 parts
59
80% discount for 12 to 23 parts
61
00% discount for 24 or over parts
Safelite, however, offered the following published discounts on windshields, which were greater and resulted in lower prices:
60% discount for 1 to 2 parts
61% discount for 3 to 5 parts
62% discount for 6 to 23 parts
63% discount for 24 or more parts
To further illustrate what the proof showed, and applying the above discounts, we have examined a number of PPG sales of windshields listed in plaintiff's brief and have added a column indicating the volume purchased, as follows:
Hanson
Invoice
(PPG) Date Volume Discount
------- ------- ------ --------
01659 4/13/64 1 52.60%
01534 4/16/64 2 55.00%
01579 4/16/64 1 52.60%
02079 4/22/64 1 52.60%
04010 5/28/64 1 55.00%
04365 6/ 4/64 2 55.00%
06135 7/ 6/64 1 52.60%
07625 7/31 64 1
Martex
Invoice
(PPG) Date Volume Discount
------- ------- ------ --------
04505 6/ 8/64 11 62.00%
05856 6/30/64 6 62.00%
07527 7/29/64 2 60.00%
It is thus clear that PPG's charges to Hanson followed the PPG published price list (shown above), and its charges to Martex met Safelite's published price list (shown above). The only exception is an invoice to Hanson, number 04010, where PPG gave Hanson a greater discount than was warranted by the volume purchased.
11
In a case denying the defense due to inadequate efforts to verify the competitor's prices, the Supreme Court concluded that "the statute at least requires the seller, who knowingly discriminated in price, to show the existence of facts which would lead a reasonable and prudent person to believe that the granting of a lower price would in fact meet the equally low price of a competitor." Federal Trade Comm'n v. A. E. Staley Mfg. Co., 324 U.S. 746, 759-760, 65 S.Ct. 971, 977, 89 L.Ed. 567 (1945)
12
Hanson himself on October 1, 1964, ordered six windshields from Safelite, of which five were delivered and one backordered, at Safelite's discount of 62 per cent
13
Accord, National Dairy Prod. Corp. v. Federal Trade Comm'n, 7 Cir., 1968, 395 F.2d 517, 524 n. 3, contra, Standard Motor Prod., Inc., v. Federal Trade Comm'n, 2 Cir., 1959, 265 F.2d 674, 677. See generally 4 J. von Kalinowski, Antitrust Laws and Trade Regulation, p. 32-73 (1970): "The better rule is that of the Seventh Circuit."
14
According to 15 U.S.C. Sec. 15(b) (1971), "Any action to enforce any cause of action . . . of this title shall be forever barred unless commenced within four years after the cause of action accrued." See generally A. Stickells, Antitrust Laws 644 (1972)
Hanson's Purchases
Hanson's From PPG As Per-
Purchases Hanson's centage of Hanson's
From All Purchases Purchases From All
Year Suppliers From PPG Suppliers
1968 $ 6,777 $ 442 6 %
1967 5,227 39 1 %
1966 7,626 192 2 %
1965 18,795 3,493 18 %
1964 17,589 4,573 26 %
(Apr.Dec.)
15
The 1948-1968 profits are as follows:
Hanson's
Year Profit
1968 (undetermined loss)
1967 (undetermined loss)
1966 ($4,930)
1965 ($ 132)
1964 $ 204
1963 ($13,759)
1962 ($2,128)
1961 ($15,452)
1960 ($6,437)
1959 N. A.
1958 $ 613
1957 ($8,080)
1956 ($2,874)
1955 $5,437
1954 $6,299
1953 $13,259
1952 $11,246
1951 $6,568
1950 $25,095
1949 $21,047
1948 $14,185
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McDonald’s: Select locations will be giving children in grades 3-11 (because they will be doing MFA testing) a FREE Egg McMuffin, Apple Slices and Milk from 6-9 am on Monday April 15. – Thanks, CreativeCouponing
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Manufacturers 'removing ingredients from labels'
An increasing number of food manufacturers are changing the ingredients they add to certain foods in order to make them appeal to health-minded individuals.
More consumers than ever before are paying close attention to the foods they eat - something that has spurred companies to amend the way they label items.
Food and beverage firms are learning that the inclusion of unfamiliar and potentially unhealthy ingredients on products can invite criticism from shoppers. In fact, some big brands have reformulated top-selling products to remove mysterious components that could come under fire from consumers.
Pepsi was just one of the companies to do so. Last year, the drinks manufacturer said it would stop using brominated vegetable oil in Gatorade and find another way to evenly distribute colour in the beverage.
In addition, Starbucks vowed to stop using a red dye made of crushed insects based on criticism it had received through several means, including an online petition.
Ali Dibadj, a Bernstein analyst who covers the packaged food and beverage industry, said: "It used to be that people would just decide not to buy the product. Now they’re actually agitating for change.
"There’s a bullhorn - which is the internet - so you can get a lot of people involved very quickly."
Suggestions over consumers' doubts have also been recorded across the globe, with new research claiming that nearly 80 per cent of people in Taiwan do not trust ingredient labels on food.
What's more, a similar majority have little faith in the government's management of food safety.
Research carried out by Global Views Monthly found that 78.7 per cent of respondents do not trust officials' capabilities in managing food safety, compared with just 15.1 per cent who have faith in the authorities.
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Breeding Science 69: 186--188 (2019)
In the above article, sample names on an electrophoresis gel in Fig. 2 were wrongly placed. Therefore, we herewith would like to publish the correct arrangement.
**False:** Lanes were mislabeled.
**True:** Lane two should be MS and lane three should be F. There is no change in figure legends. Corrected figure arrangement is below.
{#f1-69_18120e}
The online version of the original article can be found at <https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsbbs/69/1/69_18120/_pdf>
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Written by: Dumisani Kili
On 28 December 2018, protesters flocked to Clifton Beach in Cape Town to protest alleged racism by a private security company and residents in general. At this protest, a sheep was sacrificed to ‘cleanse off racist spirits’.
There is a lot to say about the protest in general, but this article will be dealing with the case of the slaughtered sheep, and how the protesters have not only desecrated African customs, but did so for petty politics.
The Folly of Prophecy
Nongqawuse was a Xhosa prophetess born in 1841 near Gxarha River in the independent Xhosaland, close to the border of the recently colonised territory of the British Kaffraria. She grew up under her deeply religious and vigilant uncle, Mhlakaza, after her parents died while she was still very young.
Around April 1856, a 15 year old Nongqawuse and her friend Nombamba, who was 8-10 years old, went to scare birds from her uncle’s crops in the fields by the mouth of the Gxarha River in the present-day Wild Coast area of the Eastern Cape. When Nongqawuse returned back home she told Mhlakaza that she had met the spirits of three of her ancestors. She claimed that the spirits had told her that Xhosa people should destroy their crops. She further claimed that the ancestors who had appeared to them said the dead would arise and all living cattle would have to be slaughtered, having been reared by contaminated hands.
Nongqawuse managed to win over her uncle and most of the other members of her tribe with this story. This resulted in the killing of between 300,000 and 400,000 cattle and only the Amagogotya/Amagogonya (the tribe of the stingy ones) people in Xhosaland refused to destroy their wealth for no other reason than the words of a 15 year old child. Nongqawuse would later blame the Amagogotya for the failure of her prophecy to come true. They were the blockage in the toilet, if you will, and no plumber was forthcoming from her divine ancestors.
I was reminded of Nongqawuse when I saw the nonsensical spectacle at Clifton Beach.
A sheep was literally made into a sacrificial lamb in order to cleanse the beach of so-called demonic racial spirits, just when I thought we had learned from our history, and tomorrow would be slightly brighter than yesterday.
It turns out that the past just had a better fluorescent light, and was lacking only in electric ballast to limit the damage. We have the Black People’s National Crisis Committee (BPNCC) to thank for this fiasco — a group of peace-time, self-absorbed and self-hating celebrities masquerading as the heroes and heroines of black people.
Betrayal
The BNPCC has in fact, betrayed their ancestors, just as Nongqawuse did. They define themselves in terms of what white people do and how they react to their actions instead of spending their time doing things that will actually make things better for other black people.
Nongqawuse destroyed her people by convincing them to commit suicide. The BNPCC turned sacred African customs into nothing more than political theatre, an object of ridicule. A black man who defines and identifies himself under the banner of what they call ‘Black Excellence’ is a fuming, livid and foam-mouthed man committing suicide in broad daylight. He does not know who he is and seeks validation from pieces of his past which he does not properly understand.
African Customs
My black ancestors do not care for Clifton Beach and have no interest in knowing it. When they were among the living they spent their days under the glorious African Sun building their civilisations and a better future for themselves, instead of spending money on a holiday called Christmas.
If there are African ancestors at Clifton Beach, my custom dictates that those young people who are part of BNPCC first needed to be introduced to those ancestors through the slaughtering of a sheep by people who knew them or had themselves been introduced in such a manner. The place where the ceremony itself takes place has to be introduced to the ancestors as the family/clan altar.
African ancestors didn’t just do things haphazardly. They had their own laws which they adhered to and continue to do so.
Two years ago my younger brother underwent initiation into manhood. The first phase of this ritual involves slaughtering a goat in order to introduce the young man to our ancestors. I and my older brother could not perform this introduction at my house since the house itself has not yet been introduced to our ancestors. We had to go to my father’s house since it had been introduced to the ancestors long before I was born.
The Clifton Beach saga was an insult to African ancestors and the customs they left behind for us.
The events of Clifton Beach are nothing but an anti-black publicity stunt and an excuse to have a party, with the added benefit of shocking white people. How dare anyone slaughter a sheep in a place unknown to our ancestors?
What are you actually cleansing? Certainly, black ancestors are out of the equation. Black ancestors don’t cleanse foreign spirits such as racism. They introspect and cleanse themselves.
Steve Biko left you with this message:
“Black Consciousness is an attitude of the mind and a way of life, the most positive call to emanate from the black world for a long time. Its essence is the realisation by the black man of the need to rally together with his brothers around the cause of their oppressor — the blackness of their skin — and to operate as a group to rid themselves of the shackles that bind them to perpetual servitude”.
The likes of Chumani Maxwele and BNPCC do the opposite of what Biko said.
They fight for the renaming of airports and streets and call it decolonisation. That is a lie. Pre-colonial Africa didn’t even have airports — the first airplane was invented in 1903, long after colonialism was well and truly underway. These so-called activists just want to find a niche for themselves in a white man’s world without first understanding who they are.
At least Nongqawuse believed she was fighting for her people and her land, the likes of BNPCC are fighting to further entrench the colonialism already running rampant in their minds.
* Dumisani Kili is a soldier with a rank of private 1st class in the South African National Defense Force. He writes in his personal capacity on matters of black consciousness and Africanism in general.
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<link title="Stream" rel="Chapter" href="Stream.html">
<link title="String" rel="Chapter" href="String.html">
<link title="StringLabels" rel="Chapter" href="StringLabels.html">
<link title="Strongly_connected_components" rel="Chapter" href="Strongly_connected_components.html">
<link title="Syntaxerr" rel="Chapter" href="Syntaxerr.html">
<link title="Sys" rel="Chapter" href="Sys.html">
<link title="Targetint" rel="Chapter" href="Targetint.html">
<link title="Tbl" rel="Chapter" href="Tbl.html">
<link title="Terminfo" rel="Chapter" href="Terminfo.html">
<link title="Thread" rel="Chapter" href="Thread.html">
<link title="ThreadUnix" rel="Chapter" href="ThreadUnix.html">
<link title="Typemod" rel="Chapter" href="Typemod.html">
<link title="Uchar" rel="Chapter" href="Uchar.html">
<link title="Unix" rel="Chapter" href="Unix.html">
<link title="UnixLabels" rel="Chapter" href="UnixLabels.html">
<link title="Warnings" rel="Chapter" href="Warnings.html">
<link title="Weak" rel="Chapter" href="Weak.html"><title>Docstrings</title>
</head>
<body>
<code class="code"><span class="keyword">sig</span><br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> init : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> warn_bad_docstrings : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">type</span> docstring<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> docstring : string <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Location</span>.t <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> register : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> docstring_body : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring <span class="keywordsign">-></span> string<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> docstring_loc : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Location</span>.t<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> set_pre_docstrings :<br>
<span class="constructor">Lexing</span>.position <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring list <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> set_post_docstrings :<br>
<span class="constructor">Lexing</span>.position <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring list <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> set_floating_docstrings :<br>
<span class="constructor">Lexing</span>.position <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring list <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> set_pre_extra_docstrings :<br>
<span class="constructor">Lexing</span>.position <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring list <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> set_post_extra_docstrings :<br>
<span class="constructor">Lexing</span>.position <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring list <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">type</span> docs = {<br>
docs_pre : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring option;<br>
docs_post : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring option;<br>
}<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> empty_docs : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docs<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> docs_attr : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Parsetree</span>.attribute<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> add_docs_attrs :<br>
<span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docs <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Parsetree</span>.attributes <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Parsetree</span>.attributes<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> symbol_docs : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docs<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> symbol_docs_lazy : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docs <span class="constructor">Lazy</span>.t<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> rhs_docs : int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docs<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> rhs_docs_lazy : int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docs <span class="constructor">Lazy</span>.t<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> mark_symbol_docs : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> mark_rhs_docs : int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> unit<br>
<span class="keyword">type</span> info = <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring option<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> empty_info : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.info<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> info_attr : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Parsetree</span>.attribute<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> add_info_attrs :<br>
<span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.info <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Parsetree</span>.attributes <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Parsetree</span>.attributes<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> symbol_info : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.info<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> rhs_info : int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.info<br>
<span class="keyword">type</span> text = <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring list<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> empty_text : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> empty_text_lazy : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text <span class="constructor">Lazy</span>.t<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> text_attr : <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.docstring <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Parsetree</span>.attribute<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> add_text_attrs :<br>
<span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Parsetree</span>.attributes <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Parsetree</span>.attributes<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> symbol_text : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> symbol_text_lazy : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text <span class="constructor">Lazy</span>.t<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> rhs_text : int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> rhs_text_lazy : int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text <span class="constructor">Lazy</span>.t<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> symbol_pre_extra_text : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> symbol_post_extra_text : unit <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> rhs_pre_extra_text : int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> rhs_post_extra_text : int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text<br>
<span class="keyword">val</span> rhs_post_text : int <span class="keywordsign">-></span> <span class="constructor">Docstrings</span>.text<br>
<span class="keyword">end</span></code></body></html>
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Q:
Array assignment produces NullPointerException
I am experiencing problems when assigning a value to an array, which is previously declared like so:
Enemy[] enemies = new Enemy[100];
I also have another variable defining the number of enemies spawned:
int numEnemies = 0;
Later, I (attempt to) dynamically assign members of this array to Enemy objects when the screen is touched:
public void spawnEnemy() {
Enemy enemy = new Enemy(...);
... initialise enemy ...
enemies[numEnemies++] = enemy; // this line causes NPE
}
I have this stack trace:
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): FATAL EXCEPTION: UpdateThread
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): Process: com.example.menutest, PID: 1394
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): java.lang.NullPointerException
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at com.example.menutest.GameScene.spawnEnemy(GameScene.java:333)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at com.example.menutest.GameScene.initJoints(GameScene.java:325)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at com.example.menutest.GameScene.loadLevel(GameScene.java:189)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at com.example.menutest.GameScene.createScene(GameScene.java:80)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at com.example.menutest.BaseScene.<init>(BaseScene.java:24)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at com.example.menutest.GameScene.<init>(GameScene.java:32)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at com.example.menutest.SceneManager$1.onTimePassed(SceneManager.java:118)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at org.andengine.engine.handler.timer.TimerHandler.onUpdate(TimerHandler.java:94)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at org.andengine.engine.handler.UpdateHandlerList.onUpdate(UpdateHandlerList.java:47)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at org.andengine.engine.Engine.onUpdateUpdateHandlers(Engine.java:618)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at org.andengine.engine.Engine.onUpdate(Engine.java:605)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at org.andengine.engine.Engine.onTickUpdate(Engine.java:568)
01-24 02:00:28.509: E/AndroidRuntime(1394): at org.andengine.engine.Engine$UpdateThread.run(Engine.java:858)
EDIT:
My app is written in AndEngine, so the CreateScene() method is called from a SceneManager which I am certain works perfectly.
public class GameScene extends BaseScene {
Enemy enemies[] = new Enemy[100];
int numEnemies = 0;
public void createScene() {
ResourcesManager.getInstance().setGameScene(this);
this.setOnSceneTouchListener((IOnSceneTouchListener) ResourcesManager.mBaseGameActivity);
createBackground();
createHUD();
createPhysicsWorld();
// the above set up scene for later use
loadLevel(1);
}
public void loadLevel(int levelID) {
initJoints();
}
private void initJoints() {
mPlanet = new Planet(400, 225, ResourcesManager.getInstance().planet, mVertexBufferObjectManager, 500);
mPlanet.mBody = PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(mPhysicsWorld, mPlanet, BodyType.StaticBody, FIXTURE_DEF);
mPlanet.mBody.setUserData(mPlanet);
this.attachChild(mPlanet);
mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(new PhysicsConnector(mPlanet, mPlanet.mBody, true, true));
float x1 = 200;
float y1 = 112;
mSatellite = SatelliteFactory.createSatellite(SatelliteType.BASIC, x1, y1, mVertexBufferObjectManager, mPlanet);
this.attachChild(mSatellite);
spawnEnemy(); // causes exception
}
private void spawnEnemy() {
float y = getRandomY();
float maxHealth = 100;
Enemy enemy = new Enemy(0, y, ResourcesManager.getInstance().satellite_no_image, ResourcesManager.mVertexBufferObjectManager, maxHealth);
enemy.mBody = PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(mPhysicsWorld, enemy, BodyType.DynamicBody, FIXTURE_DEF);
this.attachChild(enemy);
enemy.mBody.setLinearVelocity(new Vector2((mPlanet.getX() - enemy.mBody.getPosition().x) / PhysicsConstants.PIXEL_TO_METER_RATIO_DEFAULT,
(mPlanet.getY() - enemy.mBody.getPosition().y) / PhysicsConstants.PIXEL_TO_METER_RATIO_DEFAULT));
enemy.mBody.setLinearVelocity(new Vector2(mPlanet.getX(), mPlanet.getY() - y));
mPhysicsWorld.registerPhysicsConnector(new PhysicsConnector(enemy, enemy.mBody, true, true));
enemies[numEnemies++] = enemy; // NPE
}
}
A:
I'll explain what happens:
How do I call an instance method before calling the instance constructor?
class B {
B() {
m();
}
void m() {
System.out.println("B.m()");
}
}
class X extends B {
int x = 8;
void m() {
System.out.println("X.m() x="+x);
}
}
public class A {
public static void main(String[] p) {
X x = new X();
x.m();
}
}
Let's run it:
$ javac A.java
$ java A
X.m() x=0
X.m() x=8
This kind of misbehavior is not possible in C++ where B.m() rather than X.m() would be called from within the base class constructor.
The constructor B() is called automatically before executing any code from the constructor X(), and so the method X.m() is called before any code within the constructor X() receives control.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Uncultured adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) seeded in collagen scaffold improves dermal regeneration, enhancing early vascularization and structural organization following thermal burns.
Advances in tissue engineering have yielded a range of both natural and synthetic skin substitutes for burn wound healing application. Long-term viability of tissue-engineered skin substitutes requires the formation and maturation of neo-vessels to optimize survival and biointegration after implantation. A number of studies have demonstrated the capacity of Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells (ADRCs) to promote angiogenesis and modulate inflammation. On this basis, it was hypothesized that adding ADRCs to a collagen-based matrix (CBM) (i.e. Integra) would enhance formation and maturation of well-organized wound tissue in the setting of acute thermal burns. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether seeding uncultured ADRCs onto CBM would improve matrix properties and enhance healing of the grafted wound. Full thickness thermal burns were created on the backs of 8 Gottingen mini-swine. Two days post-injury wounds underwent fascial excision and animals were randomized to receive either Integra seeded with either uncultured ADRCs or control vehicle. Wound healing assessment was performed by digital wound imaging, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. In vitro analysis demonstrated that freshly isolated ADRCs adhered and propagated on the CBM. Histological scoring revealed accelerated maturation of wound bed tissue in wounds receiving ADRCs-loaded CBM compared to vehicle-loaded CBM. This was associated with a significant increase in depth of the wound bed tissue and collagen deposition (p<0.05). Blood vessel density in the wound bed was 50% to 69.6% greater in wounds receiving ADRCs-loaded CBM compared to vehicle-loaded CBM (p=0.05) at day 14 and 21. In addition, ADRCs delivered with CBM showed increased blood vessel lumen area and blood vessel maturation at day 21(p=0.05). Interestingly, vascularity and overall cellularity within the CBM were 50% and 45% greater in animals receiving ADRC loaded scaffolds compared to CBM alone (p<0.05). These data demonstrate that seeding uncultured ADRCs onto CBM dermal substitute enhances wound angiogenesis, blood vessel maturation and matrix remodeling.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
The adoption of fertility control on Mykonos, 1879-1959: stopping, spacing or both?
This abstract examines the timing and means of the fertility transition on the Greek island of Mykonos in the period 1879 to 1959. By combining the results of family reconstitution with oral evidence, an unusual insight into the pathways of the fertility transition of this island population is offered. The paper concludes by outlining a model of the adoption of fertility control, a model which sees the transition from high to low fertility as a transition from spacing to stopping, and from innovation of methods to innovation of ideas.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Siniora (company)
Siniora Food and Manufacturing plc. Is a multinational food industry company that produces meat products in Palestine, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.
Siniora (Also spelled Sanyoora, Sinyoora, Sunyoora, and Sanyoura) is well known in the Arab World for its Mortadella.
Name Change
Siniora Jerusalem was a very reputable name in the Arab World until 1996 when the Arab Palestinian Investment Company (AIPC) acquired the Palestinian branch of Siniora Jerusalem and renamed it to its current name.
References
Category:Multinational food companies
Category:Food and drink companies of Jordan
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Holland, MI – September 22, 2017 – BluJay Solutions, a leading provider of supply chain software and services powered by the world’s first Global Trade Network (GTN), today announced the key company activities taking place at the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals’ (CSCMP) 2017 Global Conference, EDGE. A gold sponsor, BluJay will be showcasing solutions that reinforce the central themes of the show, which include innovation, agility, big data, and collaboration – all hallmarks of BluJay’s solutions. CSCMP takes place September 24 to 27 at the Georgia World Congress Center in Atlanta, Ga.
BluJay Solutions is an active participant at CSCMP’s EDGE, speaking with both Uber Freight and Ace Hardware regarding the future of the supply chain industry. Presentations include:
BluJay and Uber Freight – The Future of Shipper and Carrier Collaboration: On Tuesday, September 26 from 2:00 to 3:15 p.m., Jeff Potts, Vice President, BluJay Solutions, and William Driegert, Director, Uber Freight, will present a session that spotlights how independent ecosystems between shippers and carriers can be linked into a common platform to work in harmony. (Level 2, C211-C212, Edge Session 5)
BluJay and ACE Hardware – Using Change Management to Break Down Silos for Continuous Improvement: On Tuesday, September 26 from 3:45 to 5:00 p.m., Jason Nurmi, Vice President of Technical Services, BluJay Solutions, and Scott McLean, Director of Transportation, ACE Hardware, will share how the company eliminated internal silos across its extensive supply chain to drive continuous improvement year over year. (Level 1, C102, Edge Session 6)
Central to these presentations and the success of BluJay’s customers and partners is the Global Trade Network, providing numerous benefits that result from interactivity among carriers, shippers, forwarders, suppliers, 3PLs, and customers. A living ecosystem of supply chain partners all connected through one cloud-based technology platform, the GTN model drives a powerful network effect with the benefits of universal connectivity among participants.
Visit BluJay Solutions at the Relaxation Station at CSCMP’s EDGE, or schedule a meeting with BluJay representatives by contacting [email protected].
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
// Copyright 2010 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
// disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
// with the distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
// from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
function f(a, b, c) {
if (a == 0 || b == 0) return a;
return a + c;
}
assertEquals(0, f(0, 0, 0));
assertEquals(0, f(0, 1, 0));
assertEquals(1, f(1, 0, 0));
assertEquals(2, f(2, 1, 0));
// Force deoptimization in --always-opt mode when evaluating
// the 'a + c' expression. Make sure this doesn't end up
// returning 'a'.
assertEquals(1.5, f(1, 1, 0.5));
assertEquals(2.5, f(2, 1, 0.5));
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
// TODO: it'd be great to merge it with the other canReorder functionality
var rulesOverlap = require('./rules-overlap');
var specificitiesOverlap = require('./specificities-overlap');
var FLEX_PROPERTIES = /align\-items|box\-align|box\-pack|flex|justify/;
var BORDER_PROPERTIES = /^border\-(top|right|bottom|left|color|style|width|radius)/;
function canReorder(left, right, cache) {
for (var i = right.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
for (var j = left.length - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
if (!canReorderSingle(left[j], right[i], cache))
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
function canReorderSingle(left, right, cache) {
var leftName = left[0];
var leftValue = left[1];
var leftNameRoot = left[2];
var leftSelector = left[5];
var leftInSpecificSelector = left[6];
var rightName = right[0];
var rightValue = right[1];
var rightNameRoot = right[2];
var rightSelector = right[5];
var rightInSpecificSelector = right[6];
if (leftName == 'font' && rightName == 'line-height' || rightName == 'font' && leftName == 'line-height')
return false;
if (FLEX_PROPERTIES.test(leftName) && FLEX_PROPERTIES.test(rightName))
return false;
if (leftNameRoot == rightNameRoot && unprefixed(leftName) == unprefixed(rightName) && (vendorPrefixed(leftName) ^ vendorPrefixed(rightName)))
return false;
if (leftNameRoot == 'border' && BORDER_PROPERTIES.test(rightNameRoot) && (leftName == 'border' || leftName == rightNameRoot || (leftValue != rightValue && sameBorderComponent(leftName, rightName))))
return false;
if (rightNameRoot == 'border' && BORDER_PROPERTIES.test(leftNameRoot) && (rightName == 'border' || rightName == leftNameRoot || (leftValue != rightValue && sameBorderComponent(leftName, rightName))))
return false;
if (leftNameRoot == 'border' && rightNameRoot == 'border' && leftName != rightName && (isSideBorder(leftName) && isStyleBorder(rightName) || isStyleBorder(leftName) && isSideBorder(rightName)))
return false;
if (leftNameRoot != rightNameRoot)
return true;
if (leftName == rightName && leftNameRoot == rightNameRoot && (leftValue == rightValue || withDifferentVendorPrefix(leftValue, rightValue)))
return true;
if (leftName != rightName && leftNameRoot == rightNameRoot && leftName != leftNameRoot && rightName != rightNameRoot)
return true;
if (leftName != rightName && leftNameRoot == rightNameRoot && leftValue == rightValue)
return true;
if (rightInSpecificSelector && leftInSpecificSelector && !inheritable(leftNameRoot) && !inheritable(rightNameRoot) && !rulesOverlap(rightSelector, leftSelector, false))
return true;
if (!specificitiesOverlap(leftSelector, rightSelector, cache))
return true;
return false;
}
function vendorPrefixed(name) {
return /^\-(?:moz|webkit|ms|o)\-/.test(name);
}
function unprefixed(name) {
return name.replace(/^\-(?:moz|webkit|ms|o)\-/, '');
}
function sameBorderComponent(name1, name2) {
return name1.split('-').pop() == name2.split('-').pop();
}
function isSideBorder(name) {
return name == 'border-top' || name == 'border-right' || name == 'border-bottom' || name == 'border-left';
}
function isStyleBorder(name) {
return name == 'border-color' || name == 'border-style' || name == 'border-width';
}
function withDifferentVendorPrefix(value1, value2) {
return vendorPrefixed(value1) && vendorPrefixed(value2) && value1.split('-')[1] != value2.split('-')[2];
}
function inheritable(name) {
// According to http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/propidx.html
// Others will be catched by other, preceeding rules
return name == 'font' || name == 'line-height' || name == 'list-style';
}
module.exports = {
canReorder: canReorder,
canReorderSingle: canReorderSingle
};
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Influenza pneumonia: a comparison between seasonal influenza virus and the H1N1 pandemic.
We compared clinical presentation, complications and outcome in patients with influenza A (H1N1) and seasonal influenza pneumonia. The group of patients with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia consisted of 75 patients. 52 patients with pneumonia associated with seasonal influenza were included for comparison. Patients with pneumonia associated with novel H1N1 influenza were younger (mean age 39.7 yrs versus 69.6 yrs) and had fewer chronic comorbidities and less alcoholism. Infiltrates were more extensive and frequently interstitial. Respiratory failure was more frequent (those with an arterial oxygen tension/inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio <200 28% versus 12%, p = 0.042), leading to a higher rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation (29.3% versus 7.7% (p<0.0030) and 18.7% versus 2% (p<0.0045)). Mortality was twice as high in patients with novel H1N1 (12% versus 5.8%; p = 0.238), although this was not significant, and was attributable to pneumonia in most instances (77.8% versus 0%; p = 0.046). Younger age, fewer comorbidities, more extensive radiographic extension and more severe respiratory compromise, and ICU admissions are key features of the clinical presentation of patients with novel H1N1-associated pneumonia compared with seasonal influenza pneumonia.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
For indispensable reporting on the coronavirus crisis, the election, and more, subscribe to the Mother Jones Daily newsletter.
Because the rest of the world seems to be slowly going to hell (quickly, in the case of Osama Bin Laden), we’ve been a little slow to jump on the latest reports out of the Mississippi Valley. But the news, per Good, is pretty bad: The Mississippi River is expected to exceed its highest water level in nearly a century, and has already forced thousands of residents to head for higher ground. At the epicenter of this disaster is the embattled city of Cairo, Illinois (as in Care-o or Kay-ro), which sits at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and is ringed on all sides by protective levees. The river’s height outside Cairo is at 61 feet, which is totally nuts, and the town has been evacuated.
To alleviate some of the pressure and save Cairo from being washed out, the Army Corps of Engineers decided the best course of action was to blast a hole in a levee further downstream in Missouri, which would leave 130,000 acres of farmland underwater. After a failed legal challenge by Missouri, the Corps blasted the levee last night, reducing the water level at Cairo by a foot. But that plan of action has, unsurprisingly, stirred some strong feelings. Here’s what Missouri State Rep. Steve Tilley, the Republican Speaker of the House, had to say last week:
When Tilley was asked Tuesday whether he would rather see Cairo or the farmland underwater, he told reporters, “Cairo. I’ve been there, trust me. Cairo.” “Have you been to Cairo?” he added. “OK, then you know what I’m saying then.”
Unless you’ve been to Cairo, you probably don’t really know what Tilley is saying, but basically it’s this: The place is a mess. Since the 1920s, Cairo’s population has shrunk from nearly 20,000 to under 3,000. Just inside the Ohio-side floodwall, its historic commerical drag is entirely empty and most of the buildings are burnt-out. Tilley would be a pretty lousy representative if he didn’t stand up for his constituents’ property, but there’s a lot more to it than that: The debate over what to do about Cairo is colored by the way Cairo’s neighbors view the place—and those views are colored by the city’s traumatic history.
Last summer, when I asked an elderly man in New Madrid, just downriver, why he thought I should avoid Cairo, he was blunt: “The blacks.” That’s one way to put it; another way is this: For nearly a decade, the city was the site of some of the most violent, hostile clashes of the Civil Rights era. The all-white city government enforced a curfew over the black neighborhoods, and tasked the White Hats, a deputized paramilitary organization so named because of the white helmets they wore on patrol, with enforcing it. Black residents launched a devastating boycott of whites-only businesses, and—when the White Hats got too close—occasionally shot at their adversaries.
Cairo, nominally in Illinois but geographically and culturally a Delta town, was on the wane anyway, but the armed citizenry brought things to a whole new level. Its high school football team, the Pilots, went years without playing a home game, because rival high schools refused to cross the city limits; in the early ’90s, the high school principal told the graduating class to leave while they still could. In 2004, a US Senate candidate from Chicago was sufficiently affected by his trip to Cairo that he made it part of his stump speech; against the backdrop of Cairo’s ruins—and its steps toward reconciliation—Barack Obama honed his pitch for a post-racial America.
So anyway, that’s what goes unsaid when an elected official goes on the record saying that it wouldn’t be such a bad thing if the Mississippi River was let loose on a neighboring town. (Tilley has since apologized.) There are practical arguments for prioritizing the Missouri shore over Cairo—especially if you live in Missouri. But it’s worth understanding how Cairo got to the point where it’d be plausible to suggest, as the Riverfront Times put it, that “nature run its course.”
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Q:
Do people think in a language?
I was discussing some things with a psychology major, and he insisted that people always use a language to think. This is quite opposed to my own experience.
I agree that I am capable of formulating my own thoughts in a kind of internal monologue, which is certainly in a language. But this is just one kind of my thought process. Sometimes my thoughts seem to be less language-bound. And what I think is the most important, it happens to me sometimes that I am speaking and suddenly notice that the word I am going to say is in a different language (almost always it happens just before I say it, but after the sentence has been formed and said up to the word). I don't mean the cases where I have learned a concept in another language and I am grasping for the correct word in the language I am currently speaking, I mean perfectly everyday words, like saying "I saw the book " and realizing that the word which I am going to say next is "gestern" instead of "yesterday". But at the time I realize this, I have already spoken the preceding part of the sentence. In very rare cases, I only notice it after I have said it, and hear my own wrong sentence.
I interpret such occasions as follows: I must have thought of the time reference without using a word in a language, after that constructed a sentence without consciously choosing words (else I would have noticed that "gestern" is wrong), and only made use of my vocabulary after that, practically at the point of commanding the mouth to form the words.
But he claimed that this isn't true, and that humans always use a language for thinking, not just for communicating. He couldn't point me to sources, or even tell me about an author researching such problems. He just claimed that he knows it for a fact, and must have learned it in a lecture. Do you know of research in that area? And what is its conclusion?
Skivvz's comment about off-topic makes me think that maybe I didn't state my question clear enough.
The claim I am disputing is: People always use a language in their internal thought processes. I provided an example which I interpret as anecdotal evidence against the claim. I also explained my interpretation. I am not asking how good my interpretation of this example is (this is probably the content suited to a psychology forum). But if you know of research which proves or disproves the claim, I'd like to hear about it.
A:
No. Human thought precedes language.
The anecdotal evidence for this should suffice, but you cannot be trusted (as you already have language skills).
Short Answer: Prelingual infants think.
In 2004 researchers Hespos and Spelke explored Korean language concepts with a group of five-month-old (human) infants from English-speaking homes...
The example they used to explore this
question was differences between how
different languages describe space.
For example, the distinction between a
tight fit versus a loose fit is marked
in Korean but not in English. A cap on
a pen would be a tight fit
relationship, while a pen on a table
would be a loose fit relationship.
English does not mark this distinction
in the same way, instead emphasizing
the “containment” versus “support”
relationship, for example: the coffee
is in the mug or the mug is on the
table. - source
...the infants showed an understanding of events that represented a change in "fit"...
Because this capacity is observed well
before the acquisition of a natural
language in infants whose ambient
language does not mark the
distinction, this capacity does not
depend on language experience.
Instead, the capacity seems to be
linked to mechanisms for representing
objects and their motions that are
shared by other animals and therefore
evolved before the human language
faculty. - source
In other words...
Learning a particular language may
lead us to favor some of these
concepts over others, but the concepts
already existed before we put them
into words. - source
More: Why would you think language is required ?
On one hand we can claim that we can
even think in pictures or on the other
hand one has to think to learn a
language. In terms of neurosciences it
has been proved that thinking without
language is possible. However the
philosophical references often deny
that one can think without language.
- source
These philosophical discussions have been going on for sometime...
When people have begun to reflect on
language, its relation to thinking
becomes a central concern. Several
cultures have independently viewed the
main function of language as the
expression of thought. Ancient Indian
grammarians speak of the soul
apprehending things with the intellect
and inspiring the mind with a desire
to speak, and in the Greek
intellectual tradition Aristotle
declared, “Speech is the
representation of the experiences of
the mind” (On Interpretation). Such an
attitude passed into Latin theory and
thence into medieval doctrine.
Medieval grammarians envisaged three
stages in the speaking process: things
in the world exhibit properties; these
properties are understood by the minds
of humans; and, in the manner in which
they have been understood, so they are
communicated to others by the
resources of language. Rationalist
writers on language in the 17th
century gave essentially a similar
account: speaking is expressing
thoughts by signs invented for the
purpose, and words of different
classes (the different parts of
speech) came into being to correspond
to the different aspects of thinking.
- source
Wilhelm von Humboldt: Credited as an originator of the linguistic relativity hypothesis (aka: the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis).
Benjamin Lee Whorf: Widely known for his ideas about linguistic relativity, the hypothesis that language influences thought.
Noam Chomsky: Well known in the academic and scientific community as one of the fathers of modern linguistics.
On the one hand, most people, after
hearing evidence that language is an
innate faculty of humans, would not be
surprised to learn that it comes from
the same source that every other
complex innate aspect of the human
brain and body comes from — namely,
natural selection. But two very
prominent people deny this conclusion,
and they aren't just any old prominent
people, but Stephen Jay Gould,
probably the most famous person who
has written on evolution, and Noam
Chomsky, the most famous person who
has written on language. They've
suggested that language appeared as a
by- product of the laws of growth and
form of the human brain, or perhaps as
an accidental by-product of selection
for something else, and they deny that
language is an adaptation. I disagree
with both of them. - Pinker, Language Is a Human Instinct
Steven Pinker: Argues that language is an "instinct" or biological adaptation shaped by natural selection.
...These scholars, ranging from
Aristotle to Freud, took these
specific instances to be exceptional,
marginal eruptions of meaning, curious
and suggestive. But none of them
focused on the general mental capacity
of blending or, as far as we can tell,
even recognize that there is such a
mental capacity. Attentive to the
specific attraction - the painting
,the poem, the dream , the scientific
insight - they did not look for what
all these bits and pieces have in
common. The spectacular trees masked
the forest.
- Turner-Fauconnier, The
Way We Think
More...
Does language shape what we think ?
How does our Language shape the way we think ?
Background: Why is language important ?
Before Homo sapiens came on the scene 150 kya innovation and change amongst the genus of the family Hominidae was pretty dull. Homo habilis showed up 2.4 mya and stayed around for a million years. They had one, and only one, great idea: Stone tools. Next up was Homo erectus (1.5 – 0.2 mya). Erectus was a slow starter but about 400,000 years ago they hit pay-dirt: Controlled use of Fire. Great. For 2.2 million years of effort we have some sharp rocks and a barbeque.
Then things get really interesting.....
Any innovation must take place within
a species, since there is no place
else it can do so. Natural selection
is, moreover, not a creative force. It
merely works on variations that come
into existence spontaneously—it cannot
call innovations into existence just
because they might be advantageous.
Any new structure or aptitude has to
be in place before it can be exploited
by its possessors, and it may take
some time for those possessors to
discover all the uses of such
novelties. Such seems to have been the
case for Homo sapiens in that the
earliest well-documented members of
our species appear to have behaved in
broadly the same manner as
Neanderthals for many tens of
thousands of years. It is highly
unlikely that another species
anatomically indistinguishable from
Homo sapiens but behaviorally similar
to Neanderthals was supplanted
worldwide in an extremely short span
of time. Therefore, it seems
appropriate to conclude that a latent
capacity for symbolic reasoning was
present when anatomically modern Homo
sapiens emerged and that our forebears
discovered their radically new
behavioral abilities somewhat later in
time.
A cultural “release mechanism” of some
sort was necessarily involved in this
discovery, and the favoured candidate
for this role is language, the
existence of which cannot be inferred
with any degree of confidence from the
records left behind by any other
species but our own. Language is the
ultimate symbolic activity, involving
the creation and manipulation of
mental symbols and permitting the
posing of questions such as “What if?”
Not all components of human thought
are symbolic (the human brain has a
very long accretionary, evolutionary
history that still governs the way
thoughts and feelings are processed),
but it is certainly the addition of
symbolic manipulations to intuitive
processes that makes possible what is
recognized as the human mind.
The origins of this mind are obscure
indeed, especially as scientists are
still ignorant of how a mass of
electrochemical signals in the brain
gives rise to what we experience as
consciousness. But the invention of
language would plausibly have released
the earliest of the cultural and
technological innovations that
symbolic thought makes possible—in the
process unleashing a cascade of
discoveries that is still ongoing. One
of the most striking features of the
archaeological record that accompanies
the arrival of behaviorally modern
Homo sapiens is a distinct alteration
in the tempo of innovation and change.
Significant cultural and technological
novelties had previously been rare,
with long periods of apparent
stability intervening between
relatively sudden episodes of
innovation. But once behaviorally
modern Homo sapiens arrived on the
scene, different local technological
traditions—and, by extension, other
forms of cultural diversity—began to
proliferate regularly, setting a pace
that is still gathering today.
- source
The Bottom Line
When you look into the eyes of the one you love and think of what they mean to you...
What language do you think in ?
Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs, Being purged, a fire sparkling in lovers’ eyes, Being vexed, a sea nourished with lovers’ tears. What is it else? A madness most discreet, A choking gall and a preserving sweet. - Bill
What language was he thinking in ?
A:
Your question reminded me TED talk:
http://www.ted.com/talks/temple_grandin_the_world_needs_all_kinds_of_minds.html
in which Temple Grandin explains how her autistic mind works. She says that unlike majority of people she thinks in pictures, not in language.
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The Oregon Supreme Court ordered changes Wednesday to the ballot title of an initiative that would ban the sale of many semiautomatic guns and high-capacity ammunition magazines in the state.
It's a setback for the Portland-area clergy behind Initiative Petition 43, who have just over a week to gather the 88,184 signatures necessary to get it on the November ballot. The signature deadline is July 6, and they cannot begin gathering signatures until the ballot title is finalized.
In an opinion issued Wednesday morning, the court said Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum must revise the summary of the initiative that would be put before voters in November.
Several gun rights and hunting groups appealed to the Oregon Supreme Court to modify the ballot title, saying the use of such terms as "assault weapons" and "large capacity magazines" is misleading.
The ballot title now reads: "Prohibits 'Assault Weapons' (Defined), 'Large Capacity Magazines' (Defined), Unless Registered With State Police. Criminal Penalties."
The court agreed with the gun rights and hunting groups that "assault weapons" is an imprecise term that could be interpreted in different ways and that the attorney general's reference to the definition within the full text of Initiative Petition 43 was not adequate to explain the effect.
Chief Justice Thomas Balmer wrote: "We conclude that the (ballot title) caption could accurately state that the proposed measure would criminalize the possession and transfer of many semiautomatic weapons, as well as magazines holding over 10 rounds."
The ban would apply to certain semiautomatic rifles and pistols capable of accommodating detachable magazines and have other military-style features, such as a collapsible stock or grenade launcher, plus some semiautomatic shotguns. Military and law enforcement employees who are required to carry firearms would be exempt, as would retailers and manufacturers who supply those agencies.
Initiative Petition 43 would allow existing owners of such weapons to keep them if they passed a criminal background check and registered with the Oregon State Police in order to keep the firearms.
The court said the attorney general's office must also make clear that the exception would apply only to weapons people owned at the time the initiative would take effect.
One of the initiative's chief petitioners, Rabbi Michael Cahana of Congregation Beth Israel, declined to comment Wednesday on the outlook for the initiative. Supporters of the initiative, who call their campaign "Lift Every Voice," are planning a press conference on Thursday morning.
On its Facebook page, the group shared inspirational quotes and urged supporters to remain optimistic.
-- Hillary Borrud
503-294-4034; @hborrud
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[The use of verapamil in tests for determining the drug resistance of leukemic blasts].
To determine prognostically unfavourable groups of acute leukemia patients, the authors studied the in vitro accumulation of 3H-vincristine (Vcr) and adriamycin (ADR) as well as inclusion of 3H-cytosar (Ara-C) into marrow blast DNA from patients showing different effects of treatment. It was found resistant to induction chemotherapy increases with verapamil addition to culture medium (Vrp+ cells). ADR inclusion into Vrp+ cells was the same as that into Vrp- cells. The inclusion of 3H-Ara-C into S-phase cell DNA in the cells Vrp+ was 3 time that in the cells Vrp-. All the responders to cytosar treatment had Vrp- blasts. It is evident that evaluation of Vrp effect on 3H-Vcr accumulation under short-term culturing is able to indicate groups of patients with low probability of achieving complete remissions in response to standard regimens of Vcr, Ara-C and anthracyclines treatment.
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Last updated on .From the section Athletics
Britain's Mo Farah claimed a record fourth successive victory in the 37th Great North Run.
The 34-year-old overcame New Zealand's Jake Robertson in a thrilling duel to win in one hour six seconds.
London Marathon winner Mary Keitany of Kenya surged to her third victory in the women's race in 1:05:59.
Three-time runner-up Simon Lawson won the men's wheelchair race and Manuela Schar broke the course record by over a minute in the women's wheelchair event.
Farah equals the number of victories in the race by Kenyan Benson Masya, who won in 1991, 1992, 1994 and 1996.
The four-time Olympic gold medallist, who ended his track career with victory in the 5,000m in Zurich last month, timed his push for the line to perfection to pass Robertson and finish six seconds clear.
"That was really, really tough," Farah told the BBC. "I think it was a lack of training really.
"With four miles to go I was hanging on - but I managed to believe in myself and know that at the end I can sprint.
"The kick worked for me and I'm really enjoying myself and living the dream. I'm so pleased with how the season has gone."
Keitany, meanwhile, broke clear of the pack in the opening stages and set a tough pace as she finished one minute and 45 seconds clear of fellow Kenyan Vivian Cheruiyot, who won last year.
Caroline Kipkirui, who pushed hard to keep pace with compatriot Keitany up until the eight-mile mark, finished third in 1:09:52.
Britain's Sammi Kinghorn, competing in the women's wheelchair race, finished second in her first half-marathon in 52:47.
And finally...
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Crime Mon Feb 14 2011
This article was submitted by freelance journalist Shane Shifflett.
After seven years and thousands of cameras, neither Chicago's police nor its public officials can claim that their video surveillance program, Police Observational Devices (PODs), is effective at stopping and preventing crimes. This shouldn't be a surprise, though. After sifting through mountains of crime data provided by the police and observing two Chicago neighborhoods, the Urban Institute, a public policy think tank in Washington D.C., couldn't say how well the cameras were working. What may be surprising, however, is that the police department looked into this twice before; they never shared the findings and evidence suggests no one will ever know if the system is truly effective.
In 2005, a group of Northwestern University students led by Dr. Mark Iris, professor of law and politics and former head of the semi-independent Chicago Police Board, examined 137 cameras throughout the city to conclude the system has "mixed levels of effectiveness." Which is more or less what the Urban Institute has said. Just one year later, in 2006, the Chicago Police Department evaluated 111 of its own cameras to uncover a measurable 13.7 percent decrease in reported crime incidents near cameras. Iris' study contained 100 pages of detail and analysis (with 42 pages of crime data provided by the police) while the police department's examination consisted of eight pages of findings and an additional 18 pages of crime data. But both of these studies have remained under the lock and key of the police department since they were conceived.
The problem is that after three attempts at evaluating Chicago's dystopian camera network, it appears the system was constructed in a manner that can't be properly studied. While the police plan to expand the system, Chicago's citizens can't be sure the existing cameras are working. Rajiv Shah, an adjunct professor at the University of Illinois Chicago who specializes in researching surveillance technologies, draws analogy with the pharmaceuticals industry, which has to know if the tools it deploys, the drugs, are making a difference.
"If we studied [pharmaceutical] drugs the same way, we would never know if they worked," Shah said.
We've mapped the change in crime near 113 Police Observational Devices (PODs). Click on the map to explore our findings.
The study conducted by the Urban Institute marks the first time the police have bestowed upon the public some idea of how well the system works and cast the cameras in anything less than a positive light (to be sure, any concerns that the system was a bad purchase should be mollified because they found the cameras were, at the very least and in an abstract sense, cost effective). Despite at least $48 million hard tax dollars poured into this system, according to a spokeswoman from the Illinois Emergency Management Agency, the public has been given surprisingly few details and no benchmarks for success concerning these cameras.
"It seems to me that the people who want to bring these systems to every corner ought to be excited and thrilled at the opportunity to share information about how wonderful these systems are," said Ed Yohnka, the communications director for the American Civil Liberties Union of Illinois. "...And that doesn't seem to happen."
If it weren't for Yohnka and the ACLU of Illinois, these studies, one of which sets forth a never-used rubric for deploying cameras so future research could yield firm results, may have never been seen. Three years ago, Shah submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the police department requesting any research they had conducted concerning the cameras. Naturally, Shah's request was denied by the police. But he contacted the the ACLU of Illinois and they, with the help of two private attorneys volunteering their time, grappled with the police for years before the documents were turned over.
"The ACLU was the only reason I received these studies, they fought the city to make the studies public," Shah said. The ACLU-IL recently released a report taking issue with Chicago's use and deployment of surveillance cameras, including PODs, and calling for a moratorium on their installation.
Shah and Jeremy Braithwaite, a doctoral student at the University of California at Irvine, reviewed and reanalyzed the data contained in both studies. The police department's evaluation appears paltry and more optimistic than Iris' findings. It controlled for seasonal changes in crime (crime tends to increase with rising temperatures and during evening hours) and it examined outdoor and indoor crime separately, but it didn't look at issues concerning demographics nor the cameras' technical limitations. It looked at changes in crime over time within 330 feet of the cameras and noticed that more than half of the camera locations experienced a decrease in crime after cameras were installed. Their findings exclude narcotic arrests, and they state an inability to control for many variables that influence crime near cameras.
Despite several attempts, the police have not responded to requests for an interview to discuss the findings in their evaluation, Iris' study, and the Urban Institute's study.
Iris' study looked at the changes in crime at four different points in time: a week before a camera is installed, a week after installation, a week before removal, and a week after removal. His team also broke the cameras into the categories of effective, somewhat effective and not effective, and tried to associate demographic data with their findings. They even looked at changes in crime at varying distances from the cameras' lenses, starting with all crimes within 50 meters of a camera and extending out to within 500 meters. After all that work, they realized there was a great deal of variance in the effectiveness of cameras. Iris's team couldn't draw any grand conclusions about the how well the cameras deter crime because there was no statistical conformity among the different locations observed. In the end, he could only recommend future approaches for deploying cameras in a manner that facilitated the scientific method when studied.
Iris declined to comment on his findings for this story.
Chicago is one of the most surveilled cities in the nation. But what does that look like? See for yourself . We've plotted all the cameras the police department would turn over and surrounded those locations with a sphere to indicate the area these tiny orbs keep watch over.
Shah and Braithwaite took another stab at parsing the data in both studies to see if they could come up with anything. After accounting for a few mathematical errors in Iris' study (theoretically a reason why the police never released the study), Shah said, "Diffusing a large number of cameras throughout a city does not appear to be effective in reducing crime." His number crunching showed that cameras work best in high crime areas.
Shah said that much of the credit given to the cameras is being confused with a larger effect: amplified police attention on a problem. As crimes increase in geographic regions, the police devote additional resources to abate crime. Whether it's additional staffing to monitor cameras (a shared resource among at least 1,216 cameras accessible for real-time viewing, according to documents returned by a Freedom of Information Act request I submitted in April), or more cops on the streets, crime is generally reduced so long as police response to a crime remains timely. In other words, people adjust their behavior under the camera's glare only if an understood consequence, like an arrest, manifests soon after a crime occurs.
But because the cameras are so pervasive and were installed without establishing control groups -- regions with similar demographics and crime patterns but lacking only in cameras -- the effects of the cameras can't be definitively ascertained, Shah said.
Criminal theory and anecdotal evidence suggests that cameras in areas with low to moderate amounts of crime don't realize the same benefits because the people under their watch recognize the likelihood of being arrested for committing a crime in their presence is low.
Some residents have witnessed criminals' indifference to the cameras. "Something is either wrong with the cameras or they mislead the public by saying they would do this or do that," said Brian Lewis, a resident of the Woodlawn neighborhood on the South Side. According to an analysis of police documents, Woodlawn has at least nine cameras and a moderate crime rate, and Lewis says he has seen drug dealers slinging dope within the cameras' range. "It's real obvious that they aren't doing what they supposed to be doing, unless they was trying to instill fear by saying we got a camera right here to see what you all are doing."
But Shah's analysis could only go so far. Because the cameras have been deployed in such an erratic manner as the police respond to various stimuli, there are no areas left without cameras to compare against areas that have them. It's the same issue that has hampered the Urban Institute's effort to account for the performance of Chicago's camera system. Iris and his team enumerated a few options for the police to follow if they wanted to ensure quality results and avoid this issue in future studies. Both the police evaluation and the Urban Institute have looked at the cameras since Iris' team completed their study, and it appears his recommendations weren't heard. Dr. Nancy La Vigne, the director of the Criminal Justice Policy Center at the Urban Institute, who is in charge of researching Chicago's cameras, said the previous studies weren't provided to her team and that the police department had not followed any of Iris' recommendations.
Still, police continue to feed ambiguous statistics to the press and stand behind their terribly expensive system. In an August 2010 interview on WBEZ's Eight Forty-Eight, Chicago Police Commander Jonathan Lewin said nearly 5,000 crimes have been solved thanks to the help of the cameras since 2006. There were 734,643 index crimes since 2006, which include murder, rape and burglary, according to police documents. Using Lewin's figures then, at most 0.68 percent of crimes from 2006 through July of 2010 were solved with the help of cameras.
Lewin didn't indicate whether those 5,000 crimes are only index crimes or if that number also included quality-of-life crimes, such as narcotics arrests. Including such arrests would also greatly reduce the percentage of crimes solved using cameras. In the same conversation on WBEZ, La Vigne and Lewin deflected calls for increased transparency by reminding listeners the system is cost effective based on estimates of costs to society given various crimes.
David Coleman, a managing partner at the Avrio RMS Group, one of the contractors that supply surveillance equipment to Chicago, noted that crime statistics are only one way of quantifying the cameras' effects. Because the cameras can be used by several different agencies for different purposes, like allowing emergency dispatchers to look for dangerous elements of a major accident before responders arrive, there can be many different criteria for success other than reductions in crime.
While Shah and La Vigne can both agree with Coleman, the evidence, or lack thereof, indicates the police aren't utilizing their system efficiently.
"Chicago should stop trying to have a blanket of cameras throughout the city, and instead focus on high crime areas and give up the idea of a camera on every corner," Shah said. "That's just a wasteful use of money."
~*~
This feature is supported in part by a Community News Matters grant from The Chicago Community Trust and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. More information here.
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Metastasis in vertebra mimicking acute compression fractures in a patient with osteoporosis: MRI findings.
Elderly patients who have osteoporosis and a cancer history with backache and vertebral fractures are diagnostic challenges. We present a case of an 87-year-old man who complained of severe low-back pain with radiation to the lower limbs and weakness of the lower limbs. The patient had had a fall on a bus 1 month before admission. The patient also had a history of colon cancer and had received a colostomy 9 years before. In this admission, lumbar spine radiographs showed compressive fractures of vertebral bodies at L1 and L3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperemic change of the L3 marrow with osteonecrosis (fluid sign). The ventral thecal sac was slightly compressed due to retropulsion of L3. The L1 marrow was normal. Bone densitometry of the calcaneous revealed osteoporosis. The patient was then treated by vertebroplasty and bilateral foraminotomy of L3 after a diagnosis of acute compressive fracture. On histology, there was a metastatic adenocarcinoma arranged in glands and nests in the bone and paraspinal soft tissue. On retrospective viewing, an axial gadolinium-enhanced MRI revealed paraspinal extension of soft tissue at L3, which is highly suggestive of metastasis in a vertebra.
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/* contrib/pg_trgm/pg_trgm--1.2--1.3.sql */
-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via ALTER EXTENSION
\echo Use "ALTER EXTENSION pg_trgm UPDATE TO '1.3'" to load this file. \quit
-- Update procedure signatures the hard way.
-- We use to_regprocedure() so that query doesn't fail if run against 9.6beta1 definitions,
-- wherein the signatures have been updated already. In that case to_regprocedure() will
-- return NULL and no updates will happen.
DO LANGUAGE plpgsql
$$
DECLARE
my_schema pg_catalog.text := pg_catalog.quote_ident(pg_catalog.current_schema());
old_path pg_catalog.text := pg_catalog.current_setting('search_path');
BEGIN
-- for safety, transiently set search_path to just pg_catalog+pg_temp
PERFORM pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', 'pg_catalog, pg_temp', true);
UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_proc SET
proargtypes = pg_catalog.array_to_string(newtypes::pg_catalog.oid[], ' ')::pg_catalog.oidvector,
pronargs = pg_catalog.array_length(newtypes, 1)
FROM (VALUES
(NULL::pg_catalog.text, NULL::pg_catalog.text[]), -- establish column types
('gtrgm_consistent(internal,text,int4,oid,internal)', '{internal,text,int2,oid,internal}'),
('gtrgm_distance(internal,text,int4,oid)', '{internal,text,int2,oid,internal}'),
('gtrgm_union(bytea,internal)', '{internal,internal}')
) AS update_data (oldproc, newtypestext),
LATERAL (
SELECT array_agg(replace(typ, 'SCH', my_schema)::regtype) as newtypes FROM unnest(newtypestext) typ
) ls
WHERE oid = to_regprocedure(my_schema || '.' || replace(oldproc, 'SCH', my_schema));
UPDATE pg_catalog.pg_proc SET
prorettype = (my_schema || '.gtrgm')::pg_catalog.regtype
WHERE oid = pg_catalog.to_regprocedure(my_schema || '.gtrgm_union(internal,internal)');
PERFORM pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', old_path, true);
END
$$;
ALTER FUNCTION set_limit(float4) PARALLEL UNSAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION show_limit() PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION show_trgm(text) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION similarity(text, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION similarity_op(text, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION word_similarity(text, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION word_similarity_op(text, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION word_similarity_commutator_op(text, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION similarity_dist(text, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION word_similarity_dist_op(text, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION word_similarity_dist_commutator_op(text, text) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_in(cstring) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_out(gtrgm) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_consistent(internal, text, smallint, oid, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_distance(internal, text, smallint, oid, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_compress(internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_decompress(internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_penalty(internal, internal, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_picksplit(internal, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_union(internal, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gtrgm_same(gtrgm, gtrgm, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gin_extract_value_trgm(text, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gin_extract_query_trgm(text, internal, int2, internal, internal, internal, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gin_trgm_consistent(internal, int2, text, int4, internal, internal, internal, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
ALTER FUNCTION gin_trgm_triconsistent(internal, int2, text, int4, internal, internal, internal) PARALLEL SAFE;
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
This position is responsible for performing full life cycle Recruiting and specializes in filling roles within the healthcare industry. Utilizes labor market data and knowledge of talent pools to develop sourcing plans and strategies and translate this to a fact based recommendation to the hiring team, executive leadership and other internal stakeholders. Builds networks and relationships through industry contacts, colleagues, trade groups, etc. to identify active and passive candidates for various positions.
Requirements
Leverages industry and company knowledge to aggressively recruit high caliber, well-qualified applicants from a variety of sources, including cold calling, sourcing on applicant tracking system, sourcing on LinkedIn, Social Media, and various Job Boards, and other networking opportunities.
Maintains a wide ongoing network of contacts and prospects
Drives and manages the total recruiting strategy for both leadership and candidates
Conducts in-depth telephone assessment of applicants through comprehensive interviewing and work history review.
Establish and maintain constant communication with various levels of executives and hiring managers of healthcare facilities and operations
Ability to conduct effective needs analysis assessment for new business strategies and initiatives
Acts as an employer brand ambassador and helps to drive candidate interest in career opportunities. Demonstrates the ability to sell CHRISTUS Health by understanding and utilizing candidates' varied interests to tailor marketing messages to be as compelling and persuasive as possible. Helps team to generate and deliver content that promotes and supports CHRISTUS Health's employment brand.
Actively participates in recruiting initiatives and projects.
Develops and executes innovative sourcing strategies and campaigns aimed at generating quality candidates to meet the overall recruiting goals while always maintaining an emphasis on creating a diverse pool of talent.
Proactively conducts market research in an effort to develop knowledge of current external industry/market/competitor trends and concurrently develops internal knowledge of the business.
Takes a thoughtful, customer-focused approach to candidate requests and inquiries. Delivers a positive candidate experience through continuous communication, follow-up, and engagement throughout the selection process.
Creates a culture of innovation by taking the initiative to look for and suggest ways to continuously improve the recruiting process and drive toward higher efficiency and quality.
Education, Experience, & Skills:
Bachelor's degree in a related area preferred.
2+ years of experience in high volume recruiting required.
Excellent interpersonal, written and verbal communication skills interacting with managers, directors, and C Level Executives. Strong communicator who will consistently and effectively present information regarding the strategic recruiting plan in one-on-one and small group situations to internal clients.
Ability to manage a full desk and requisition load in a consultative capacity.
Our Mission: WHY WE EXIST. To extend the healing ministry of Jesus Christ. Our Core Values: WHAT WE BELIEVE IN.DIGNITY Respect for the worth of every person, recognition and commitment to the value of diverse individuals and perspectives, and special concern for the poor and underserved. INTEGRITY Honesty, justice, and consistency in all relationships. EXCELLENCE High standards of service and performance. COMPASSION Service in a spirit of empathy, love, and concern. STEWARDSHIP Wise and just use of talents and resources in a collaborative manner.Our Vision: WHAT WE ARE STRIVING TO DO. CHRISTUS HEALTH, a Catholic health ministry, will be a leader, a partner and an advocate in the creation of innovative health and wellness solutions that improve the lives of individuals and communities so that all may experience God's healing presence and love. Our Name and Symbol:WHO WE ARE. CHRISTUS is Latin for "Christ," and proclaims publicly the core of our mission. OUR NAME choice also recognizes the heritage of our two congregational sponsors, the Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word in Houston and San Antonio. Jesus Christ is the Incarnate Word, the Word of God made flesh. It is, theref...ore, only fitting that it is in another form of His name that our health ministries are called together. OUR SYMBOL Reflects the healing ministry of Jesus Christ - a combination of a medical cross and a religious cross. The flowing banner on the cross is a common symbol of the risen Christ, while the royal purple signifies Christ. The flowing banner also conveys a sense of motion as we move forward into a new era of service to our communities.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
DESCRIPTION: It is hypothesized that estrogen deficiency induces a decrease in the rate of fat oxidation which leads to accelerated gain of visceral fat mass and its associated insulin resistance. It is further hypothesized that viscera fat accumulation will be prevented by hormone replacement therapy through restoration of fat oxidation. To test this hypothesis, 100 women in early menopause will be metabolically characterized for substrate oxidation, fat distribution, and insulin sensitivity prior to being randomly assigned to receive either hormone replacement therapy or placebo for 2 years. Metabolic testing will be repeated at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
}
|
How To Meet Hot Emo Girls
Meeting a hot emo girl certainly isn't simple. They typically prefer to stay clear of major social situations and usually are at their best when doing something they love, by themselves. The idea is to have one of those "somethings" be you. Here are some tips and trips to meeting a hot emo girl.
Visit Club Emo. The name of this site should say it all. There are plenty of emo girls for the picking. Consider this web site to be like match.com except its only man for emo people to connect and chat. It's totally free to sign up for and every emo person on it is guaranteed 100% verified. Also, there is a news feed on the site of upcoming events in your area, that could, in fact, lead you to more emo girls.
Join Emo Bucket. This web site celebrates all things emo! You can follow the latest emo trends in hair style and fashion. The forum on this are a great place to chat with emo girls.
Attend Shows. Always attend as many shows as possible. For example, if you find out that Avenge Sevenfold is coming to a venue nearby, go to the show. Go stag, or with friends, either way, go. The night may end without meeting anyone, but at least this way you can go to an Emo forum and tell other interested Emo girls about it.
Get a job in a mall. Having a job in an obscure location won't help with meeting passersby. A mall can be packed full of people. Statistically speaking, the more people you're surrounded by, the more chances are that they are hot emo girls. Also, any extra cash earned can be used for dates and/or attending shows.
Become familiar with a coffee shop. Be it a major chain or locally owned, coffee shops are an excellent place to relax, read Poe, and meet Emo chicks. Coffee shops have become the much more savvy version of a bar. Buying a girl a cup of Chai tea appears to be much safer than a Long Island. They key is to never give up. Hot emo girls are out there and they are looking for you as much as you are looking for them. Just remember to be yourself and she will come along.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Juicy Links: March 16 – March 20
Advanced recommendation engines are now available and affordable for even small retailers. Despite that, only one in four retailers are currently offering personalized product recommendations. These recommendations help improve cross selling, up selling & customer loyalty. Of those polled at internet retailer, this functionality was second only to video functionality in terms of next steps for online retailers.
The 2009 Search Engine Strategies (SES) Conference is where approximately 5,000 marketers, corporate decision makers, webmasters and search engine marketers (SEMs) come together to network and learn the latest tips, tactics and strategies. It’s underway now and here are the top 10 stories from day one with pictures and video.
First, a new technology has been deployed to understand the associations of a given search phrase. Google offered up the example of “principles of physics.” With the new technology, Google now understands that “angular momentum,” “special relativity,” “big bang” and “quantum mechanic” are terms associated with the original term. Second, long search queries will now return results with more lines of description when necessary.
YouTube is adding more features to its Insights platform that helps video publishers get a more detailed look at how their uploads are performing on the site. Users will now get a “Community” tab that includes information on ratings, the number of users who favorite videos, comment counts and geographical breakdowns.
A recent study (data provided) suggests that, after email from friends and family, people spend the most time reading / participating with opt-in email. This is just another reason to focus on your opt-in email sign-ups on your site.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a coated cemented carbide member which is applied to a cutting tool or the like and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, it relates to a coated cemented carbide member which is excellent in toughness and wear resistance and to a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Background Art
A coated cemented carbide member, which comprises a cemented carbide base material and a coating layer of titanium carbide or the like vapor-deposited on its surface, is generally applied to a cutting tool of high efficiency for cutting a steel material, a casting or the like, due to toughness of the base material and wear resistance of the surface.
Cutting efficiency of such cutting tools has been improved in recent years. The cutting efficiency is determined by the product of a cutting speed (V) and an amount of feed (f). When the cutting speed V is increased, the tool life is rapidly reduced. Therefore, improvement of the cutting efficiency is attained by increasing the amount of feed f. In order to improve the cutting efficiency by increasing the amount of feed f, it is necessary to prepare a base material of the cutting tool from a tough material which can withstand high cutting stress.
In order to improve the cutting characteristics of a cutting tool by implementing inconsistent characteristics of wear resistance and chipping resistance, various proposals have been made in general. For example, there have been proposed cemented carbide base materials which are provided on outermost surfaces thereof with a layer (enriched layer) containing an iron group or family metal in a larger amount than that in the interior, a layer (.beta. free layer) consisting of only WC and a binder metal, and a region (low hardness layer) having lower hardness as compared with the interior, in order to improve wear resistance and chipping resistance.
In an insert shown in FIG. 1, however, absolutely no .beta. free layer is formed particularly in each cornered insert edge portion 1, while the thickness of the as-formed .beta. free layer is extremely reduced in a peripheral portion of such a corner. Further, the insert edge portion 1 has higher hardness than the interior due to reduction of a binder phase and increase of a hard phase, and hence it is impossible to attain sufficient wear resistance and chipping resistance. When generally known chemical vapor deposition is applied as a coating method in such a coated cemented carbide, a fragile .eta. phase is formed in the cornered insert edge portion 1 by reaction with carbon forming the base material during formation of the coating layer. Thus, chipping resistance is lowered and the coating layer fails with the .eta. phase portion, to increase the progress of wear.
In order to improve the strength of a cemented carbide, there is a method of increasing the amount of the binder phase contained in the cemented carbide. In this case, however, plastic deformation is caused in the insert when used under high cutting speed conditions due to a high temperature applied thereto, although the toughness is improved by such increase of the amount of the binder phase.
On the other hand, there is a method of increasing the amounts of additives such as Ti and Ta in the cemented carbide to improve heat resistance, thereby improving the tool life. In this case, however, strength of the cemented carbide is extremely reduced.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Binyamin O, Larush L, Frid K, et al. *Int J Nanomedicine* 2015;10:7165--7174.
On page 7165, the first affiliation and correspondence details were incorrectly written as "Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital". It should be "Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center of Human Neurogenetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center".
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
|
Spectroscopic study of cis-to-trans tunneling reaction of HCOOD in rare gas matrices.
The higher energy conformer (cis) of HCOOD is prepared by vibrational excitation of the trans form. The cis conformer decays back to the conformational ground state (trans) via tunneling of deuterium. The tunneling process in HCOOD in rare gas matrices is extremely slow (in scale of weeks). We present new measurements of the tunneling rate constants, which characterize the efficiency of the cis-to-trans conversion process in Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices. The tunneling rates of HCOOD follow the trend k(Xe) approximately = k(Kr)>k(Ar) approximately = k(Ne), which is anomalous with respect to the reaction barrier of the solvated molecule. We propose a semiempirical energetic scheme of solid state solvation, which is consistent with all experimental observation. The temperature dependence of the tunneling constants rates of HCOOD is very weak compared to HCOOH in all matrices. The fundamental vibrational frequencies of the cis and trans conformers of HCOOD in various matrices are reported.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
How should I store a collection of objects and provide specific methods to query them?
I need some advise on the best way to achive the following:
Store a collection of a specific type of objects in order
Custom methods to search the collection
Other custom methods for returning objects from the collection based on some rules
Need instance variables to keep track of things in the collection
Originally I was thinking about sub classing the NSMutableArray class and adding the extra methods and variables that I want that are specific to the objects that I'm going to be storing in the array, but the Apple docs said this was a no no!
I know that you can use Categories but they don't support adding instance variables which I need to keep track of elements in the collection.
Also I don't want these extra methods being adding to all NSMutableArray objects just my custom one.
What is the best way to do this, the idea is to have a nice wrapper around NSMutableArray to query my custom objects and manipulate them.
A:
Create a class (inheriting from NSObject) that contains a NSMutableArray. Write your own custom add: and remove... methods to add and remove objects from the array.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
[Thymidine phosphorylase and angiogenesis].
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF). TP has an angiogenic activity and confers resistance to hypoxia-induced apoptosis on cells. TP expression is correlated with microvessel count, invasion and poor prognosis in many solid tumors. TPI, an inhibitor of TP, suppresses growth and metastasis of tumors by inhibiting the effect of TP.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
CREATE TABLE list (id VARCHAR(2) NOT NULL, value VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(id)) DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci ENGINE = InnoDB;
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('af', 'Afrikaans Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('af_NA', 'Afrikaans Simi (Namibia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('af_ZA', 'Afrikaans Simi (Sudáfrica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ak', 'Akan');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ak_GH', 'Akan (Ghana)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sq', 'Albanes Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sq_AL', 'Albanes Simi (Albania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sq_MK', 'Albanes Simi (ERY Macedonia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sq_XK', 'Albanian (Kosovo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('de', 'Aleman Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('de_DE', 'Aleman Simi (Alemania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('de_AT', 'Aleman Simi (Austria)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('de_BE', 'Aleman Simi (Bélgica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('de_LI', 'Aleman Simi (Liechtenstein)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('de_LU', 'Aleman Simi (Luxemburgo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('de_CH', 'Aleman Simi (Suiza)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('am', 'Amarico Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('am_ET', 'Amarico Simi (Etiopía)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar', 'Arabe Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_SA', 'Arabe Simi (Arabia Saudí)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_DZ', 'Arabe Simi (Argelia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_BH', 'Arabe Simi (Bahréin)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_TD', 'Arabe Simi (Chad)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_KM', 'Arabe Simi (Comoras)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_EG', 'Arabe Simi (Egipto)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_ER', 'Arabe Simi (Eritrea)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_IQ', 'Arabe Simi (Iraq)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_IL', 'Arabe Simi (Israel)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_JO', 'Arabe Simi (Jordania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_KW', 'Arabe Simi (Kuwait)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_LB', 'Arabe Simi (Líbano)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_MA', 'Arabe Simi (Marruecos)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_MR', 'Arabe Simi (Mauritania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_OM', 'Arabe Simi (Omán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_PS', 'Arabe Simi (Palestina Kamachikuq)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_QA', 'Arabe Simi (Qatar)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_SY', 'Arabe Simi (Siria)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_SO', 'Arabe Simi (Somalia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_SS', 'Arabe Simi (Sudán del Sur)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_SD', 'Arabe Simi (Sudán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_TN', 'Arabe Simi (Túnez)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_YE', 'Arabe Simi (Yemen)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_DJ', 'Arabe Simi (Yibuti)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_LY', 'Arabic (Libya)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_AE', 'Arabic (United Arab Emirates)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ar_EH', 'Arabic (Western Sahara)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('hy', 'Armenio Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('hy_AM', 'Armenio Simi (Armenia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('as', 'Asames Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('as_IN', 'Asames Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('az_Cyrl_AZ', 'Azerbaijani (Cyrillic, Azerbaijan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('az_Cyrl', 'Azerbaijani (Cyrillic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('az_Latn_AZ', 'Azerbaijani (Latin, Azerbaijan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('az_Latn', 'Azerbaijani (Latin)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('az', 'Azerbaiyano Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('az_AZ', 'Azerbaiyano Simi (Azerbaiyán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bm', 'Bambara');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bm_Latn_ML', 'Bambara (Latin, Mali)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bm_Latn', 'Bambara (Latin)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bn', 'Bangla Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bn_BD', 'Bangla Simi (Bangladesh)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bn_IN', 'Bangla Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('be', 'Bielorruso Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('be_BY', 'Bielorruso Simi (Belarús)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bs_BA', 'Bosnian (Bosnia & Herzegovina)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bs_Cyrl_BA', 'Bosnian (Cyrillic, Bosnia & Herzegovina)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bs_Cyrl', 'Bosnian (Cyrillic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bs_Latn_BA', 'Bosnian (Latin, Bosnia & Herzegovina)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bs_Latn', 'Bosnian (Latin)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bs', 'Bosnio Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('br', 'Breton Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('br_FR', 'Breton Simi (Francia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bg', 'Bulgaro Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bg_BG', 'Bulgaro Simi (Bulgaria)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('my', 'Burmese');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('my_MM', 'Burmese (Myanmar (Burma))');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ca', 'Catalan Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ca_AD', 'Catalan Simi (Andorra)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ca_ES', 'Catalan Simi (España)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ca_FR', 'Catalan Simi (Francia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ca_IT', 'Catalan Simi (Italia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('cs', 'Checo Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('se', 'Chincha Sami Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('se_FI', 'Chincha Sami Simi (Finlandia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('se_NO', 'Chincha Sami Simi (Noruega)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('se_SE', 'Chincha Sami Simi (Suecia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_Hans_CN', 'Chinese (Simplified, China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_Hans_HK', 'Chinese (Simplified, Hong Kong SAR China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_Hans_MO', 'Chinese (Simplified, Macau SAR China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_Hans_SG', 'Chinese (Simplified, Singapore)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_Hans', 'Chinese (Simplified)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_TW', 'Chinese (Taiwan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_Hant_HK', 'Chinese (Traditional, Hong Kong SAR China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_Hant_MO', 'Chinese (Traditional, Macau SAR China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_Hant_TW', 'Chinese (Traditional, Taiwan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_Hant', 'Chinese (Traditional)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh', 'Chino Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_CN', 'Chino Simi (China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_HK', 'Chino Simi (Hong Kong (RAE))');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_MO', 'Chino Simi (Macao RAE)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zh_SG', 'Chino Simi (Singapur)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('si', 'Cingales Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('si_LK', 'Cingales Simi (Sri Lanka)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ko', 'Coreano Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ko_KP', 'Coreano Simi (Corea del Norte)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ko_KR', 'Coreano Simi (Corea del Sur)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kw', 'Cornish');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kw_GB', 'Cornish (United Kingdom)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('hr', 'Croata Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('hr_HR', 'Croata Simi (Croacia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('hr_BA', 'Croatian (Bosnia & Herzegovina)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('cs_CZ', 'Czech (Czech Republic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('da', 'Danes Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('da_DK', 'Danes Simi (Dinamarca)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('da_GL', 'Danish (Greenland)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nl_AW', 'Dutch (Aruba)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('dz', 'Dzongkha');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('dz_BT', 'Dzongkha (Bhutan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_AI', 'English (Anguilla)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_AG', 'English (Antigua & Barbuda)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_BB', 'English (Barbados)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_BZ', 'English (Belize)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_BM', 'English (Bermuda)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_IO', 'English (British Indian Ocean Territory)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_VG', 'English (British Virgin Islands)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_CA', 'English (Canada)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_KY', 'English (Cayman Islands)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_CK', 'English (Cook Islands)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_DG', 'English (Diego Garcia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_FK', 'English (Falkland Islands)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_GI', 'English (Gibraltar)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_GD', 'English (Grenada)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_IE', 'English (Ireland)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_IM', 'English (Isle of Man)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_JM', 'English (Jamaica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_MY', 'English (Malaysia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_MS', 'English (Montserrat)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_NZ', 'English (New Zealand)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_NU', 'English (Niue)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_SB', 'English (Solomon Islands)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_SH', 'English (St. Helena)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_LC', 'English (St. Lucia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_VC', 'English (St. Vincent & Grenadines)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_TK', 'English (Tokelau)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_TC', 'English (Turks & Caicos Islands)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_TV', 'English (Tuvalu)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sk', 'Eslovaco Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sk_SK', 'Eslovaco Simi (Eslovaquia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sl', 'Esloveno Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sl_SI', 'Esloveno Simi (Eslovenia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es', 'Español Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_AR', 'Español Simi (Argentina)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_BO', 'Español Simi (Bolivia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_CL', 'Español Simi (Chile)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_CO', 'Español Simi (Colombia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_CR', 'Español Simi (Costa Rica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_CU', 'Español Simi (Cuba)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_EC', 'Español Simi (Ecuador)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_SV', 'Español Simi (El Salvador)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_ES', 'Español Simi (España)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_US', 'Español Simi (Estados Unidos)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_PH', 'Español Simi (Filipinas)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_GT', 'Español Simi (Guatemala)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_GQ', 'Español Simi (Guinea Ecuatorial)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_HN', 'Español Simi (Honduras)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_MX', 'Español Simi (México)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_NI', 'Español Simi (Nicaragua)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_PA', 'Español Simi (Panamá)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_PY', 'Español Simi (Paraguay)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_PE', 'Español Simi (Perú)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_PR', 'Español Simi (Puerto Rico)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_UY', 'Español Simi (Uruguay)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_VE', 'Español Simi (Venezuela)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('eo', 'Esperanto');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('et', 'Estonio Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('et_EE', 'Estonio Simi (Estonia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('eu', 'Euskera Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('eu_ES', 'Euskera Simi (España)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ee', 'Ewe');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ee_GH', 'Ewe (Ghana)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ee_TG', 'Ewe (Togo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fo_FO', 'Faroese (Faroe Islands)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fo', 'Feroes Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fi', 'Fines Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fi_FI', 'Fines Simi (Finlandia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr', 'Frances Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_DZ', 'Frances Simi (Argelia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_BE', 'Frances Simi (Bélgica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_BJ', 'Frances Simi (Benín)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_BI', 'Frances Simi (Burundi)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_CM', 'Frances Simi (Camerún)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_TD', 'Frances Simi (Chad)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_KM', 'Frances Simi (Comoras)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_CD', 'Frances Simi (Congo (RDC))');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_CG', 'Frances Simi (Congo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_CI', 'Frances Simi (Côte dʼIvoire)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_FR', 'Frances Simi (Francia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_GA', 'Frances Simi (Gabón)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_GQ', 'Frances Simi (Guinea Ecuatorial)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_GN', 'Frances Simi (Guinea)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_HT', 'Frances Simi (Haití)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_LU', 'Frances Simi (Luxemburgo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_MG', 'Frances Simi (Madagascar)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_ML', 'Frances Simi (Malí)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_MA', 'Frances Simi (Marruecos)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_MU', 'Frances Simi (Mauricio)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_MR', 'Frances Simi (Mauritania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_MC', 'Frances Simi (Mónaco)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_NE', 'Frances Simi (Níger)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_NC', 'Frances Simi (Nueva Caledonia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_PF', 'Frances Simi (Polinesia Francesa)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_RW', 'Frances Simi (Ruanda)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_MF', 'Frances Simi (San Martín)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_PM', 'Frances Simi (San Pedro y Miquelón)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_SN', 'Frances Simi (Senegal)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_SC', 'Frances Simi (Seychelles)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_SY', 'Frances Simi (Siria)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_CH', 'Frances Simi (Suiza)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_TG', 'Frances Simi (Togo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_TN', 'Frances Simi (Túnez)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_VU', 'Frances Simi (Vanuatu)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_WF', 'Frances Simi (Wallis, Futuna)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_DJ', 'Frances Simi (Yibuti)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_BF', 'French (Burkina Faso)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_CA', 'French (Canada)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_CF', 'French (Central African Republic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_GF', 'French (French Guiana)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_GP', 'French (Guadeloupe)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_MQ', 'French (Martinique)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_YT', 'French (Mayotte)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_RE', 'French (Réunion)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fr_BL', 'French (St. Barthélemy)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fy', 'Frison Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fy_NL', 'Frison Simi (Países Bajos)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ff', 'Fulah Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ff_CM', 'Fulah Simi (Camerún)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ff_GN', 'Fulah Simi (Guinea)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ff_MR', 'Fulah Simi (Mauritania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ff_SN', 'Fulah Simi (Senegal)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('gd', 'Gaelico Escoces Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('gd_GB', 'Gaelico Escoces Simi (Reino Unido)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('cy', 'Gales Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('cy_GB', 'Gales Simi (Reino Unido)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('gl', 'Gallego Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('gl_ES', 'Gallego Simi (España)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lg', 'Ganda');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lg_UG', 'Ganda (Uganda)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ka_GE', 'Georgian (Georgia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ka', 'Georgiano Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('el', 'Griego Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('el_CY', 'Griego Simi (Chipre)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('el_GR', 'Griego Simi (Grecia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kl', 'Groenlandes Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('gu', 'Gujarati Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('gu_IN', 'Gujarati Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ha_Latn_GH', 'Hausa (Latin, Ghana)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ha_Latn_NE', 'Hausa (Latin, Niger)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ha_Latn_NG', 'Hausa (Latin, Nigeria)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ha_Latn', 'Hausa (Latin)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ha', 'Hausa Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ha_GH', 'Hausa Simi (Ghana)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ha_NE', 'Hausa Simi (Níger)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ha_NG', 'Hausa Simi (Nigeria)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('he', 'Hebreo Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('he_IL', 'Hebreo Simi (Israel)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('hi', 'Hindi Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('hi_IN', 'Hindi Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('hu_HU', 'Hungarian (Hungary)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('hu', 'Hungaro Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ig', 'Igbo Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ig_NG', 'Igbo Simi (Nigeria)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('id', 'Indonesio Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('id_ID', 'Indonesio Simi (Indonesia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en', 'Ingles Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_AU', 'Ingles Simi (Australia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_BS', 'Ingles Simi (Bahamas)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_BE', 'Ingles Simi (Bélgica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_BW', 'Ingles Simi (Botsuana)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_CM', 'Ingles Simi (Camerún)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_DM', 'Ingles Simi (Dominica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_VI', 'Ingles Simi (EE.UU. Islas Vírgenes)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_ER', 'Ingles Simi (Eritrea)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_US', 'Ingles Simi (Estados Unidos)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_PH', 'Ingles Simi (Filipinas)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_FJ', 'Ingles Simi (Fiyi)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_GM', 'Ingles Simi (Gambia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_GH', 'Ingles Simi (Ghana)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_GU', 'Ingles Simi (Guam)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_GG', 'Ingles Simi (Guernsey)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_GY', 'Ingles Simi (Guyana)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_HK', 'Ingles Simi (Hong Kong (RAE))');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_IN', 'Ingles Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_CX', 'Ingles Simi (Isla Christmas)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_NF', 'Ingles Simi (Isla Norfolk)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_CC', 'Ingles Simi (Islas Cocos)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_MP', 'Ingles Simi (Islas Marianas del Norte)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_MH', 'Ingles Simi (Islas Marshall)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_UM', 'Ingles Simi (Islas menores alejadas de los EE.UU.)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_PN', 'Ingles Simi (Islas Pitcairn)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_JE', 'Ingles Simi (Jersey)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_KE', 'Ingles Simi (Kenia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_KI', 'Ingles Simi (Kiribati)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_LS', 'Ingles Simi (Lesoto)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_LR', 'Ingles Simi (Liberia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_MO', 'Ingles Simi (Macao RAE)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_MG', 'Ingles Simi (Madagascar)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_MW', 'Ingles Simi (Malawi)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_MT', 'Ingles Simi (Malta)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_MU', 'Ingles Simi (Mauricio)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_FM', 'Ingles Simi (Micronesia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_NA', 'Ingles Simi (Namibia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_NR', 'Ingles Simi (Nauru)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_NG', 'Ingles Simi (Nigeria)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_PK', 'Ingles Simi (Pakistán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_PW', 'Ingles Simi (Palaos)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_PG', 'Ingles Simi (Papúa Nueva Guinea)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_PR', 'Ingles Simi (Puerto Rico)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_GB', 'Ingles Simi (Reino Unido)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_RW', 'Ingles Simi (Ruanda)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_AS', 'Ingles Simi (Samoa Americana)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_WS', 'Ingles Simi (Samoa)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_KN', 'Ingles Simi (San Cristóbal y Nieves)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_SC', 'Ingles Simi (Seychelles)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_SL', 'Ingles Simi (Sierra Leona)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_SG', 'Ingles Simi (Singapur)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_SX', 'Ingles Simi (Sint Maarten)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_SZ', 'Ingles Simi (Suazilandia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_ZA', 'Ingles Simi (Sudáfrica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_SS', 'Ingles Simi (Sudán del Sur)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_SD', 'Ingles Simi (Sudán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_TZ', 'Ingles Simi (Tanzania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_TO', 'Ingles Simi (Tonga)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_TT', 'Ingles Simi (Trinidad y Tobago)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_UG', 'Ingles Simi (Uganda)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_VU', 'Ingles Simi (Vanuatu)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_ZM', 'Ingles Simi (Zambia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('en_ZW', 'Ingles Simi (Zimbabue)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ga_IE', 'Irish (Ireland)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ga', 'Irlandes Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zu', 'Isizulu Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('zu_ZA', 'Isizulu Simi (Sudáfrica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('is', 'Islandes Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('is_IS', 'Islandes Simi (Islandia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('it', 'Italiano Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('it_IT', 'Italiano Simi (Italia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('it_SM', 'Italiano Simi (San Marino)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('it_CH', 'Italiano Simi (Suiza)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ja_JP', 'Japanese (Japan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ja', 'Japones Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kl_GL', 'Kalaallisut (Greenland)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kn', 'Kannada Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kn_IN', 'Kannada Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ks', 'Kashmiri');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ks_Arab_IN', 'Kashmiri (Arabic, India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ks_Arab', 'Kashmiri (Arabic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ks_IN', 'Kashmiri (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kk', 'Kazajo Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kk_KZ', 'Kazajo Simi (Kazajistan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kk_Cyrl_KZ', 'Kazakh (Cyrillic, Kazakhstan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('kk_Cyrl', 'Kazakh (Cyrillic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('km', 'Khmer Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('km_KH', 'Khmer Simi (Camboya)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ki', 'Kikuyu');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ki_KE', 'Kikuyu (Kenya)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('rw', 'Kinyarwanda Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('rw_RW', 'Kinyarwanda Simi (Ruanda)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ky', 'Kirghiz Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ky_KG', 'Kirghiz Simi (Kirguistán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ky_Cyrl_KG', 'Kyrgyz (Cyrillic, Kyrgyzstan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ky_Cyrl', 'Kyrgyz (Cyrillic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lo', 'Lao Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lo_LA', 'Lao Simi (Laos)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lv', 'Leton Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lv_LV', 'Leton Simi (Letonia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ln', 'Lingala');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ln_AO', 'Lingala (Angola)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ln_CF', 'Lingala (Central African Republic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ln_CG', 'Lingala (Congo - Brazzaville)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ln_CD', 'Lingala (Congo - Kinshasa)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lt', 'Lituano Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lt_LT', 'Lituano Simi (Lituania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lu', 'Luba-Katanga');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lu_CD', 'Luba-Katanga (Congo - Kinshasa)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lb', 'Luxemburgues Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('lb_LU', 'Luxemburgues Simi (Luxemburgo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mk', 'Macedonio Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mk_MK', 'Macedonio Simi (ERY Macedonia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mg', 'Malagasy');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mg_MG', 'Malagasy (Madagascar)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ms_Latn_BN', 'Malay (Latin, Brunei)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ms_Latn_MY', 'Malay (Latin, Malaysia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ms_Latn_SG', 'Malay (Latin, Singapore)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ms_Latn', 'Malay (Latin)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ms_MY', 'Malay (Malaysia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ml', 'Malayalam Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ml_IN', 'Malayalam Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ms', 'Malayo Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ms_BN', 'Malayo Simi (Brunéi)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ms_SG', 'Malayo Simi (Singapur)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mt', 'Maltes Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mt_MT', 'Maltes Simi (Malta)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('gv', 'Manx');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('gv_IM', 'Manx (Isle of Man)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mr', 'Marathi Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mr_IN', 'Marathi Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mn', 'Mongol Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mn_Cyrl_MN', 'Mongolian (Cyrillic, Mongolia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mn_Cyrl', 'Mongolian (Cyrillic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('mn_MN', 'Mongolian (Mongolia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nl', 'Neerlandes Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nl_BE', 'Neerlandes Simi (Bélgica)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nl_BQ', 'Neerlandes Simi (Bonaire)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nl_CW', 'Neerlandes Simi (Curazao)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nl_NL', 'Neerlandes Simi (Países Bajos)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nl_SX', 'Neerlandes Simi (Sint Maarten)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nl_SR', 'Neerlandes Simi (Surinam)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ne', 'Nepali Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ne_IN', 'Nepali Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ne_NP', 'Nepali Simi (Nepal)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nd', 'North Ndebele');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nd_ZW', 'North Ndebele (Zimbabwe)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('no', 'Noruego Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('no_NO', 'Noruego Simi (Noruega)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nb', 'Norwegian Bokmål');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nb_NO', 'Norwegian Bokmål (Norway)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nb_SJ', 'Norwegian Bokmål (Svalbard & Jan Mayen)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nn', 'Norwegian Nynorsk');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('nn_NO', 'Norwegian Nynorsk (Norway)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('or', 'Odia Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('or_IN', 'Odia Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('om', 'Oromo');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('om_ET', 'Oromo (Ethiopia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('om_KE', 'Oromo (Kenya)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('os', 'Ossetic');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('os_GE', 'Ossetic (Georgia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('os_RU', 'Ossetic (Russia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ps', 'Pashto Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ps_AF', 'Pashto Simi (Afganistán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fa', 'Persa Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fa_AF', 'Persa Simi (Afganistán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('fa_IR', 'Persa Simi (Irán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pl', 'Polaco Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pl_PL', 'Polaco Simi (Polonia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt', 'Portugues Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt_AO', 'Portugues Simi (Angola)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt_BR', 'Portugues Simi (Brasil)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt_GW', 'Portugues Simi (Guinea-Bissau)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt_MO', 'Portugues Simi (Macao RAE)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt_MZ', 'Portugues Simi (Mozambique)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt_PT', 'Portugues Simi (Portugal)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt_ST', 'Portugues Simi (Santo Tomé y Príncipe)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt_TL', 'Portugues Simi (Timor-Leste)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pt_CV', 'Portuguese (Cape Verde)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pa_Arab_PK', 'Punjabi (Arabic, Pakistan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pa_Arab', 'Punjabi (Arabic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pa_Guru_IN', 'Punjabi (Gurmukhi, India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pa_Guru', 'Punjabi (Gurmukhi)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pa', 'Punyabi Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pa_IN', 'Punyabi Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('pa_PK', 'Punyabi Simi (Pakistán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('rm', 'Romanche Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('rm_CH', 'Romanche Simi (Suiza)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ro_RO', 'Romanian (Romania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ro', 'Rumano Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ro_MD', 'Rumano Simi (Moldova)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('qu', 'Runasimi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('qu_BO', 'Runasimi (Bolivia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('qu_EC', 'Runasimi (Ecuador)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('qu_PE', 'Runasimi (Perú)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('rn', 'Rundi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('rn_BI', 'Rundi (Burundi)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ru', 'Ruso Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ru_BY', 'Ruso Simi (Belarús)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ru_KZ', 'Ruso Simi (Kazajistan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ru_KG', 'Ruso Simi (Kirguistán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ru_MD', 'Ruso Simi (Moldova)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ru_RU', 'Ruso Simi (Rusia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ru_UA', 'Russian (Ukraine)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sg', 'Sango');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sg_CF', 'Sango (Central African Republic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_BA', 'Serbian (Bosnia & Herzegovina)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Cyrl_BA', 'Serbian (Cyrillic, Bosnia & Herzegovina)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Cyrl_XK', 'Serbian (Cyrillic, Kosovo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Cyrl_ME', 'Serbian (Cyrillic, Montenegro)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Cyrl_RS', 'Serbian (Cyrillic, Serbia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Cyrl', 'Serbian (Cyrillic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_XK', 'Serbian (Kosovo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Latn_BA', 'Serbian (Latin, Bosnia & Herzegovina)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Latn_XK', 'Serbian (Latin, Kosovo)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Latn_ME', 'Serbian (Latin, Montenegro)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Latn_RS', 'Serbian (Latin, Serbia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_Latn', 'Serbian (Latin)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_ME', 'Serbian (Montenegro)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr', 'Serbio Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sr_RS', 'Serbio Simi (Serbia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sh', 'Serbo-Croatian');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sh_BA', 'Serbo-Croatian (Bosnia & Herzegovina)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sn', 'Shona');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sn_ZW', 'Shona (Zimbabwe)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('so', 'Somali');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('so_DJ', 'Somali (Djibouti)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('so_ET', 'Somali (Ethiopia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('so_KE', 'Somali (Kenya)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('so_SO', 'Somali (Somalia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_IC', 'Spanish (Canary Islands)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_EA', 'Spanish (Ceuta & Melilla)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('es_DO', 'Spanish (Dominican Republic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sw', 'Suajili Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sw_KE', 'Suajili Simi (Kenia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sw_TZ', 'Suajili Simi (Tanzania)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sw_UG', 'Suajili Simi (Uganda)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sv', 'Sueco Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sv_FI', 'Sueco Simi (Finlandia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sv_SE', 'Sueco Simi (Suecia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('sv_AX', 'Swedish (Åland Islands)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('tl', 'Tagalog');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('tl_PH', 'Tagalog (Philippines)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('th', 'Tailandes Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('th_TH', 'Tailandes Simi (Tailandia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ta_MY', 'Tamil (Malaysia)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ta', 'Tamil Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ta_IN', 'Tamil Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ta_SG', 'Tamil Simi (Singapur)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ta_LK', 'Tamil Simi (Sri Lanka)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('te', 'Telugu Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('te_IN', 'Telugu Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bo', 'Tibetano Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bo_CN', 'Tibetano Simi (China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('bo_IN', 'Tibetano Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ti', 'Tigriña Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ti_ER', 'Tigriña Simi (Eritrea)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ti_ET', 'Tigriña Simi (Etiopía)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('to', 'Tongan');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('to_TO', 'Tongan (Tonga)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('tr', 'Turco Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('tr_CY', 'Turco Simi (Chipre)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('tr_TR', 'Turco Simi (Turquía)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uk', 'Ucraniano Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ug', 'Uigur Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ug_CN', 'Uigur Simi (China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uk_UA', 'Ukrainian (Ukraine)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ur', 'Urdu Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ur_IN', 'Urdu Simi (India)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ur_PK', 'Urdu Simi (Pakistán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ug_Arab_CN', 'Uyghur (Arabic, China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ug_Arab', 'Uyghur (Arabic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uz_Arab_AF', 'Uzbek (Arabic, Afghanistan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uz_Arab', 'Uzbek (Arabic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uz_Cyrl_UZ', 'Uzbek (Cyrillic, Uzbekistan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uz_Cyrl', 'Uzbek (Cyrillic)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uz_Latn_UZ', 'Uzbek (Latin, Uzbekistan)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uz_Latn', 'Uzbek (Latin)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uz', 'Uzbeko Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uz_AF', 'Uzbeko Simi (Afganistán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('uz_UZ', 'Uzbeko Simi (Uzbekistán)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('vi', 'Vietnamita Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('vi_VN', 'Vietnamita Simi (Vietnam)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ii', 'Yi Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('ii_CN', 'Yi Simi (China)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('yi', 'Yiddish');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('yo', 'Yoruba Simi');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('yo_BJ', 'Yoruba Simi (Benín)');
INSERT INTO `list` (`id`, `value`) VALUES ('yo_NG', 'Yoruba Simi (Nigeria)');
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
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2017 Bouchard Pere Et Fils Nuits St. George Les Cailles premier Cru
Situated in the south of the village of Nuits-Saint-Georges, the "Climat" of Les Cailles is different from its neighbours, producing an elegant, feminine wine. As early as 1892, Danguy and Aubertin classified it as a "tête de cuvée" in their book "Les Grands Vins de Bourgogne". Bouchard Père & Fils owns 1.08 hectares of this exceptional "terroir" where the ground is oolithic chalk (chalk composed of ooliths i.e. little balls of the size of fish eggs formed by the concretion of chalk on hard stones)
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
History of Auburn University
Auburn University (AU or Auburn) is a public university located in Auburn, Alabama, United States With more than 25,000 students and 1,200 faculty members, it is one of the largest universities in the state.
Origins
The Institute was chartered by the Alabama Legislature on February 1, 1856, as the East Alabama Male College, a private liberal arts school under the guidance of the Methodist Church.
The first president of the institution was Reverend William J. Sasnett. The school opened in 1859 to a student body of eighty and a faculty of ten. Classes were held in "Old Main" until the college was closed due to the American Civil War, when most of the students and faculty left to enlist. The campus was used as a training ground for the Confederate Army, and "Old Main" served as a hospital for Confederate wounded.
To commemorate Auburn's contribution to the Civil War, a cannon lathe used for the manufacture of cannons for the Confederate Army and recovered from Selma, Alabama, was presented to Auburn in 1952 by brothers of Delta Chapter of the Alpha Phi Omega fraternity. It sits today on the lawn next to Samford Hall.
Post-Civil War
The school was reopened in 1866 following the end of the Civil War and has operated ever since. In 1872, control of the institution was transferred from the Methodist Church to the State of Alabama for financial reasons. Alabama placed the school under the provisions of the Morrill Act as a land-grant institution, the first in the South to be established separate from the "state" university. This act provided for 240,000 acres (971 km²) of Federal land to be sold in order to provide funds for an agricultural and mechanical school. As a result, in 1872 the school was renamed Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama.
Under the provisions of this act, land-grant institutions were also supposed to teach military tactics and train officers for the United States military. In the late 19th century, most students at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama were enrolled in the cadet program, learning military tactics and training to become future officers. Each county in the state was allowed to nominate two cadets to attend the college free of charge.
In 1892, two historic events occurred: women were first admitted to the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama, and football was first played by young men as a school sport. Eventually, football replaced polo as the main sport on campus. In 1899, the school name was changed to Alabama Polytechnic Institute.
World War I and II periods
On October 1, 1918, nearly all of Alabama Polytechnic Institute's able-bodied male students 18 or older voluntarily joined the United States Army when the United States entered the war. They had short-lived military careers that were completed on campus because of the end of the war. The student-soldiers numbered 878, according to API President Charles Thach, and formed the academic section of the Student Army Training Corps. The vocational section was composed of enlisted men sent to API for training in radio and mechanics.
The students received honorable discharges two months later following the Armistice that ended World War I. API struggled through the Great Depression, having scrapped an extensive expansion program by then-President Bradford Knapp. Faculty salaries were cut drastically, and enrollment decreased, as did State appropriations to the college. By the end of the 1930s, API had essentially recovered, but then faced new conditions caused by World War II.
As war approached in 1940, the United States recognized that it had a great shortage of the engineers and scientists needed for the defense industries. The U.S. Office of Education asked all American engineering schools to join in a ‘crash’ program to produce what was often called ‘instant engineers.’ API became an early participant in an activity that eventually became Engineering, Science, and Management War Training (ESMWT). Fully funded by the government and coordinated by API's Dean of Engineering, college-level courses were given in concentrated, mainly evening classes at sites across Alabama. Taken by thousands of adults – including many women – these courses were highly beneficial in producing skilled individuals who filled the wartime ranks of civilian engineers, chemists, and other technical professionals. The ESMWT also benefited API by providing employment for faculty members when the student body was significantly diminished by the draft and patriotic volunteers.
During the war, API also trained U.S. military personnel on campus; between 1941 and 1945, API produced over 32,000 troops for the war effort.
Post World War II to present
Following the end of World War II, API, like many colleges around the country, underwent a period of massive growth when returning veterans took advantage of their GI Bill offer to seek free education. In the five-year period following the end of the war, enrollment at API more than doubled.
Recognizing that the college had expanded programs, added graduate programs, and moved beyond its agricultural and mechanical roots, in 1960 the Alabama Legislature authorized it as a university. It was officially renamed as Auburn University, a name that better represented the varied academic programs and expanded curriculum that the school had been offering for years. However, it had unofficially been called "Auburn" for some time before then. For example, when Jordan-Hare Stadium opened in 1939, it was known as "Auburn Stadium."
Like most universities in the American South, Auburn was racially segregated by state law prior to 1963, with only white students being admitted. The first African-American student was admitted in 1964, after passage of the Civil Rights Law that prohibited segregation in public facilities. The first doctoral degree was granted to an African American in 1967.
Today, Auburn has grown since its founding in 1856 to over 23,000 students and a faculty of almost 1,200 at the main campus in Auburn. Additionally, there are more than 6,000 students at the Auburn University at Montgomery satellite campus established in 1967.
In April 2017, white nationalist Richard B. Spencer was scheduled to speak at Auburn University. In opposition to his views and concerned about protests, the university canceled his speaking engagement prior to the appearance. After Spencer sued the college, a federal judge issued an injunction against the university to allow him to speak.
References
Notes
External links
Auburn University official site
Auburn Tigers Athletics official site
Auburn University article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
rivative of -d**4/12 + d. Let r(k) be the second derivative of -271*k - 25/6*k**3 - k**2 + 0. What is x(r(f))?
-625*f**2 - 100*f - 4
Let a(k) = 55*k**2 + 3*k - 3. Let x(t) = -108*t**2 - 4*t + 5. Let y(c) = 5*a(c) + 3*x(c). Let b(r) = -r**2. Calculate b(y(u)).
-2401*u**4 + 294*u**3 - 9*u**2
Let u(f) = 6*f. Let s(r) = -36 - 51*r - 49 - 51 + 124. Calculate s(u(i)).
-306*i - 12
Let k(v) = 22*v + 4. Let u(y) = 22*y + 3. Let n(p) = -3*k(p) + 4*u(p). Let l(s) be the first derivative of 194 + 0*s**2 + 0*s + 2/3*s**3. What is n(l(o))?
44*o**2
Let j(h) be the second derivative of -11*h**5/60 + 7*h**4/24 + 39*h**2 + 74*h. Let c(b) be the first derivative of j(b). Let t(y) = -2*y**2. Give c(t(l)).
-44*l**4 - 14*l**2
Let c(m) = 2*m + 122. Let g(k) = 54*k**2 - 45*k - 225. Let y(j) = j**2 - j - 5. Let l(d) = -g(d) + 45*y(d). Give c(l(v)).
-18*v**2 + 122
Let g(z) = 5*z**2. Let s(l) be the third derivative of -l**5/2 + l**3/6 - 2142*l**2. Calculate s(g(n)).
-750*n**4 + 1
Let u(w) = -14*w. Let z(x) = -3*x - 1. Let g(y) = 41*y - 21*y + 27 - 28*y + 83*y. Let j(t) = 2*g(t) + 54*z(t). Calculate j(u(n)).
168*n
Let g(b) = 7*b. Let n(q) = 45 - 6*q**2 + 8*q**2 - q - 44. Let u(d) = -2*d**2 - 3*d + 3. Let h(k) = -3*n(k) + u(k). Give h(g(t)).
-392*t**2
Let n(l) = -77*l**2 - 70*l**2 - 17*l**2 + 165*l**2. Let s(z) = 6795*z**2. Determine n(s(q)).
46172025*q**4
Suppose -3*p = -a - 3*a + 7, 0 = 5*a - 5*p - 5. Let z(k) = -8*k - a*k + 19*k - 4*k. Let v(h) = -3*h. Give z(v(i)).
-9*i
Let g(k) = -8345*k + 1. Let r(i) be the second derivative of -i**3/3 - 19*i - 11. Give g(r(f)).
16690*f + 1
Let p(c) be the second derivative of 0*c**2 - 10*c + 0 - 1/6*c**3. Let t(i) = i**2 + 2. Calculate t(p(w)).
w**2 + 2
Let q(y) = -27*y. Let z = -1542 + 2310. Let j(o) = -z*o + 380*o + 381*o. Calculate j(q(k)).
189*k
Let z(b) = -170*b**2 - 2 + 1 + 1 + 169*b**2. Let l(q) = -6*q + 9*q - 10*q - 29*q. What is z(l(u))?
-1296*u**2
Let o(a) = -510*a + 4. Let i(j) = 568*j - 5. Let n(q) = 4*i(q) + 5*o(q). Let d(g) = -10*g**2. Determine d(n(s)).
-772840*s**2
Let o(x) be the first derivative of 237*x**3 - 576. Let a(g) = 2*g**2. What is o(a(p))?
2844*p**4
Let o(t) = 48074585*t. Let n(l) = 6*l. Determine n(o(q)).
288447510*q
Let x(a) = 59*a - 44. Let u(l) = -21*l + 16. Let f(k) = -11*u(k) - 4*x(k). Let y(v) = 132*v**2 + 2*v. Determine f(y(j)).
-660*j**2 - 10*j
Suppose 10 = -6*o + 34. Suppose -o*q = -2*n, -q - 5 = 5*n - 27. Let x(g) = -133 - q*g - 6*g + 133. Let v(f) = 3*f. Give x(v(j)).
-24*j
Let p(d) be the first derivative of 9*d**2 - 2. Let m(j) = 338*j. Let r(x) = 16*x. Let a(z) = m(z) - 21*r(z). What is p(a(o))?
36*o
Let b = 75 - -11. Let p(m) = b + 9*m**2 - 86. Let y(d) = 2*d - 3. Let j(r) = -r + 2. Let z(t) = -3*j(t) - 2*y(t). Calculate p(z(u)).
9*u**2
Let q(w) = w. Suppose -5*n - x + 30 = 0, -7*n - x + 23 = -3*n. Let r be 17/(3*(-3)/(-9)). Let p(o) = -17 + r - n*o + o. Give p(q(h)).
-6*h
Let n(u) = 10*u. Let j(b) = -4468679*b - 2. Determine n(j(i)).
-44686790*i - 20
Let m(h) = -13*h. Let j(c) = c + 38. Let x(v) = -192*v + 74. Let p(r) = -2*j(r) + x(r). Give m(p(q)).
2522*q + 26
Let m(t) = -28*t**2. Let p(v) be the first derivative of v**5/60 + 37*v**3 + 3. Let r(q) be the third derivative of p(q). What is r(m(i))?
-56*i**2
Let h(m) = -27 + 49 - 22 + 2*m + 3*m. Let d(l) = 26 - 53 + 27 + l**2. What is h(d(o))?
5*o**2
Let l(m) = -27*m + 1. Let c(o) be the third derivative of -11*o**5/12 + 1720*o**2. Calculate c(l(p)).
-40095*p**2 + 2970*p - 55
Let j(c) = 34*c**2. Let k(x) = 12*x + 55. Let n(s) = 11*s + 84. Let u(w) = -3*k(w) + 2*n(w). Calculate j(u(o)).
6664*o**2 - 2856*o + 306
Let z(o) = 9*o - 49*o - 10 - 10*o + 8*o - 45*o. Let s(p) = -p. Determine s(z(g)).
87*g + 10
Let p(j) = -11*j. Let u(t) be the first derivative of -299*t**2/2 - 1533. Calculate p(u(v)).
3289*v
Let z(v) = 8*v**2 + 12*v. Let j(g) = -57299511*g + 57299511*g + 19*g**2. What is z(j(n))?
2888*n**4 + 228*n**2
Let p(h) = -5*h**2 - 2*h + 6. Let u(v) = -32*v**2 - 13*v + 39. Let y(z) = 39*p(z) - 6*u(z). Let w(x) = 403*x**2. Give y(w(b)).
-487227*b**4
Let u(z) = -3*z + 2*z + 0*z + 0*z. Let c(h) = 4 + 10295*h - 10344*h - 4. Calculate u(c(f)).
49*f
Suppose 4*x - 1295 = -155. Suppose -5*a = -35 - x. Let f(h) = -117 + a + 53 + 8*h**2. Let o(j) = j. Give f(o(g)).
8*g**2
Let w(h) = -2*h + 39901. Let f(u) = 3*u. What is f(w(m))?
-6*m + 119703
Let l(a) = 11690*a - 42. Let f(w) = w. Determine l(f(c)).
11690*c - 42
Let r(k) = 8*k**2 + 17. Let a(x) = 6*x + 384. Let m(b) = -b - 40. Let g(i) = -5*a(i) - 48*m(i). Calculate g(r(t)).
144*t**2 + 306
Let b(m) be the third derivative of 0*m + 81*m**2 + 0*m**3 + 13/30*m**5 + 0 + 0*m**4. Let u(g) = -3*g**2. Determine u(b(n)).
-2028*n**4
Let f(p) = -9*p**2 + 66*p + 247. Let h(y) = -13*y**2. Give f(h(u)).
-1521*u**4 - 858*u**2 + 247
Let h(d) = -3016*d. Let y(s) = -244*s + 2. Determine y(h(b)).
735904*b + 2
Let f(h) = 37*h**2 + 20. Let z(q) = 19*q**2 + 9. Let y(b) = 3*f(b) - 7*z(b). Let g(c) = c - 2. Let r(o) = -o + 1. Let d(v) = g(v) + 2*r(v). What is y(d(j))?
-22*j**2 - 3
Let i(k) = k + 49. Let n(d) be the third derivative of d**5/12 - 2*d**2 - 1174*d. Calculate n(i(g)).
5*g**2 + 490*g + 12005
Let o(b) = -28*b**2. Let y(f) = -326362*f**2. Calculate y(o(t)).
-255867808*t**4
Let t(y) = 199*y. Let z(h) = -6*h**2 + 28*h**2 - 8*h**2 - 9*h**2 + 0*h**2. Give t(z(x)).
995*x**2
Let q(z) = -2*z**2. Let o(m) = -2*m - 12. Let y be (14/(-3))/((-22)/(-33)). Let d be o(y). Let t(b) = -d*b + 2*b - 3*b - 17*b. What is t(q(p))?
40*p**2
Let g(h) = 566*h**2. Let q(u) = 3808*u. Determine g(q(v)).
8207489024*v**2
Let m(t) = 2*t. Let p(s) = -2*s - 130745. What is p(m(f))?
-4*f - 130745
Let o(t) = 277*t**2. Let d(n) = 36*n - 14. Let g(j) = 42*j - 16. Let c(q) = 8*d(q) - 7*g(q). Determine o(c(i)).
9972*i**2
Let v(o) = -8*o. Let z(g) be the second derivative of -3/4*g**4 + 0*g**2 + 2 + 0*g**3 - 51*g. Give v(z(u)).
72*u**2
Let w(c) = 9*c - 65. Let g(h) = 10*h**2. Let a(v) = 7*v**2. Let q(s) = -4*a(s) + 3*g(s). Give q(w(m)).
162*m**2 - 2340*m + 8450
Let v(d) = 11*d. Let g(r) = -4348177*r**2. Give v(g(j)).
-47829947*j**2
Let x(i) be the third derivative of -i**4/12 + 3*i**2 - i + 3. Let l(v) = -64*v - 1. Calculate x(l(a)).
128*a + 2
Let m(v) = -137*v**2 - 140*v**2 - 140*v**2 + 691*v**2 - 135*v**2 - 126*v**2. Let y(p) be the second derivative of -1/6*p**3 + 0*p**2 + p + 0. Give y(m(x)).
-13*x**2
Let u(k) = k. Let c(h) be the second derivative of -7*h**3/6 + 35*h**2 + 109*h + 2. Calculate c(u(s)).
-7*s + 70
Let w(g) = 6*g**2 + 34 - 11 - 23. Suppose -5*b + 10 = -5*d, 5*d + 4*b = -0*b + 35. Let z(u) = 9*u**2 - 5*u**2 - d*u**2. Determine z(w(m)).
36*m**4
Let l(z) = -4*z. Let v(h) be the third derivative of 0*h**3 + 1 - 12*h**2 + 0*h**4 - 43/60*h**5 + 0*h. Determine l(v(x)).
172*x**2
Let s(w) = -23*w + 2. Let j(c) = -166*c**2 - c + 13. What is s(j(u))?
3818*u**2 + 23*u - 297
Let t(l) = -2625*l. Let j(h) be the third derivative of h**5/15 + 733*h**2 + 5*h. Determine t(j(w)).
-10500*w**2
Let w(j) = 37*j - 9. Let k(p) = 9*p - 2. Let x(u) = 9*k(u) - 2*w(u). Let o(z) = -12*z. Let i(q) = 3*o(q) + 5*x(q). Let t(m) = 48*m. Determine t(i(h)).
-48*h
Let h(x) = -26*x**2 - 26*x**2 - 56*x**2. Let n(u) be the first derivative of -u**3/3 - 11443. Give h(n(a)).
-108*a**4
Let j(z) be the second derivative of -7*z**3/6 + 93*z + 5. Let l(g) = 10*g - 17*g + 7*g + 13*g**2. What is l(j(f))?
637*f**2
Let t(v) = 7*v + 65. Let n(m) = -481180 + 481180 + m**2. Determine n(t(c)).
49*c**2 + 910*c + 4225
Let u(k) = 42 + 8*k - 79 + 37 - 14*k. Let z(s) = -7*s - 47. Give z(u(i)).
42*i - 47
Let o(f) = -120*f. Suppose -3*x - x + 472 = 0. Let a(g) = 61*g + 59*g - x*g. Determine a(o(w)).
-240*w
Let j(f) = -3589*f**2 + 14745. Let w(o) = -2*o**2. Determine j(w(u)).
-14356*u**4 + 14745
Let k(d) be the third derivative of -3961*d**5/15 - 3948*d**2. Let h(b) = 2*b**2. Determine h(k(a)).
502064672*a**4
Let r(n) be the second derivative of 59/3*n**3 + 0*n**2 - 2*n + 169. Let p(m) = 3*m. What is r(p(t))?
354*t
Let p(h) = 3*h. Let v(y) = 2*y. Let s(j) = -4*p(j) + 5*v(j). Let c(z) = -72*z**2 + 125*z**2 + 123*z**2 + 75*z**2 + 96*z**2. Determine c(s(b)).
1388*b**2
Let g(r) = 535*r. Let z(f) = 10804*f. What is z(g(a))?
5780140*a
Let w(h) = -8*h**2. Let g(l) = -533721*l. What is w(g(v))?
-227886
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
The binding of a neutral aromatic molecule to a negatively-charged lipid membrane. I. Thermodynamics and mode of binding.
This paper presents a detailed study of the binding of the fluorescent dye N-phenyl naphthylamine (NPN) to bilayers composed of the negatively-charged phospholipid methylphosphatidic acid. Binding to the liquid-crystalline membrane is enthalpy-driven. It is shown by determination of the binding constant and confirmed by n.m.r. that most of the dye ("guest") molecules reside between the lipid hydrocarbon chains at a fixed distance from the head-group, and are not distributed uniformly throughout the hydrocarbon phase. Each guest molecule is surrounded by about four lipid molecules. Transition of the membrane from the liquid-crystalline to the crystalline state results in almost total expulsion of the bound NPN into the water phase. Electrostatic theory is developed to find the effect of electrostatics upon the binding of a neutral molecule to charged membranes. Although the charge product is zero, electrostatic interactions play a part in determining the strength of binding, if each guest molecule incorporated increases the area of the membrane. For NPN this increase was found to be ca. 41 A(2).
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Evidence for recombination between vaccine and wild-type mumps virus strains.
Recombination of mumps virus (MuV) has rarely been reported. In this study, phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed on 30 complete MuV genomes, including 17 vaccine and 13 wild-type strains. One potentially significant recombination event was found to have occurred between the lineage represented by the vaccine strain L3/Russia/Vector (AY508995) as the minor parent and wild MuV strain Drag94 (AY669145) as the major parent, and this led to a recombinant, 9218/Zg98 (EU370206), a wild-type MuV strain isolated from a 3-year-old boy with parotitis. In summary, we found a recombinant of MuV derived from vaccine and wild-type MuV strains.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
"Here, people always make up stories about lonely men... about lonely people... oh yes." "Dum b stories." "Howmuch for crossing?" "$2.000 for crossing... and $ 1.000 for your stuff." "Will it hold all this?" "Yes, it will." "Is it that big island in the back?" "No, the other one, the small one." "Are you from around here?" "No." "But I've been here for a while." "Five years or so." "Why do you ask?" "You don't look like people from around here." "You don't look like someone from here either." "Where are you from?" "Santiago." "Are you a relative of the owner?" "I used to work for her, but she passed away." "And she left you this place?" "Yes." "So, these lands are yours now?" "I'll have to make them mine." "She must have liked you then?" "Come back in two days." "Don't you know how to row?" "I didn't have oars with me." "I need to buy several tools." "I have some things to fix." "Are you a handyman?" "Don't you know how to row?" "I didn't have oars with me." "Are you going to the cove tomorrow?" "Did you need to buy something?" "Some tools." "I can lend you some." "We cross over tomorrow." "And I'll hand them to you." "My dad has many he's not using." "Do you know where can I buy some woods?" "Yeah, sure..." "Sure what?" "Yeah..." "And a bar..." "Do you know where there is one?" "Yes, around... around..." " Around where?" " Yes." "My mother married my father;" "My father has been dead for years." "My mother is dead." "She's been dead for fourteen years..." "My mom has family in the closest island, Chope island, no, Chechi island" "Chope, I think." "My mom has family there." "But also all my mom's brothers died..." "My uncle Efrain died, my mom's brother." "My uncle Esaidro too... all those brothers died." "Dead." "And how do you make the money to get by?" "From my pension." "Like $ 50.000 pesos..." "40, 50 thousand..." "I need people to work with." "Yeah, sure..." "Wanna go?" "Would you like to come and work with me?" "Have your own land?" "Yes." "And a wooden house..." "even if it is a small one." "Even if it's a small house..." "Yeah... a little shack." "And tend sheep?" "Sheep too!" "No violence!" "No violence!" "Stop!" "Stop!" "We like this." "Now, give him a kiss!" "Give him a kiss!" "OK." "Common!" "Marito, come closer!" "Cheers for the whole Calbuco!" "To the best boatman," "Ismael Rain!" "Ismael Rain is the best boatman in Calbuco!" "Who has a cigarette?" "Sell me a cigarette, man..." "This I say to you!" "Atoast!" "To Ismael Rain!" "Would you go with me?" "I can't go with you." "I'm from Santiago, I don't know my way around here..." "What?" "!" "You're from where?" "!" "Santiago." "Ahh, You're more full of yourself than we are..." " But I don't know the area." " Don't tell us that story again" "That's why I'm inviting you." "You're more full of yourself than we are... in Santiago, they made me go to apartments, strange shit..." "I went and saw one and said:" "This shit is like the South." "Have you been to the South some time?" "My friend, excuse me... you can be a cameraman;" "You can be a T.V. director." "You are mistaken." "But for a man to be a man my dear friend... if you know Santiago and Calbuco... you're just getting to know Calbuco, but you knew it already." "Why are you asking?" "Why are you making these questions?" "Yes, you know Calbuco." "You're just playing dumb." "Look, when I went to Santiago, a girl told me..." " What do you do for a living?" " I live my own life." "But for money?" "How do you make a living?" " I'm just a loser." " How's that?" "Why am I a loser?" "I was never a loser, my dear friend." "I'm a person, man." "I'm a person." "I'm not a loser." "Shit, I am truly a person, man..." "How do you support your family?" " Ah?" " How do you support your family?" "I left my home for eleven years." "I went to Aysen and made a living." "But with what money?" "What money..." " Ah?" " With what money?" "Just me." "Right here!" "But where?" "Where do you get it?" " From my own money" " Where?" "!" " Because I work." " In what?" "And if there's no work, I don't." "There's no money." "Man!" "If you knew the way I am" "What happens is they don't want to pay me." "They don't pay me anything." "Look!" "They're paying me, fuck, I'm buying a piece of land and, fuck, and I... from Don Jose." "From Don Jose." "I lent my lough to Don Jose;" "He hasn't given it back." "He hasn't." "When is Don Jose going to return that shit to me?" "There' re many hectares, aren't there?" "How many hectares?" " 150." " That's not bad." "Really?" "Yeah... to see what it's like." "Don't you want to go and try?" "Yes, I would like to." "I'd like to..." "Can you get me people?" "We have to see those lands." "Perhaps they have something there..." "They're good for livestock." "This, this board is... let's talk about a discount right away..." "For you it's $ 800 pesos." "I should charge you $ 1.100, but you can have it for $ 800 pesos." "For the floor?" "The floor..." "Well, here we commonly use Yew for flooring... or Laurel." "But I don't have that type now..." "I only have pine flooring, that is over there..." "And..." "But I don't have the amount you need rig ht now," "Howmuch would you need?" "Besides working with wood..." "I'm a minister in a church right now." "As it turns out, I carry five heart attacks on me... and during the third, I was dead." "But I came back to life." "And in that heart attack..." "I went to a place..." "I had never been before." "First, I went through a tunnel, and then I arrived to this vineyard..." "and in this vineyard..." "My wings sprouted and I flew to the third heaven... and there I heard...things... tremendous things coming from God." "I talked to God," "And there in heaven, He designed a church for me." "A wonderful church" "God designed it in heaven, in the infinite... and His voice even told me its dimensions, 10x25." "..And take people to live there." "I'm going to give them land." " You are going to give them land?" " Yes, as their own." "And a house too?" "Yes, that's why I'm building them." "The faith... in your heart... that which made you, as you say, get something out of nothing... is something huge that you can still get from life." "You're a young man;" "You still have dynamism." "And, here..." "there is... a relic, we could say... a piece of wood... that I believe, God apparently kept for you." "If I give it to you, would you accept it?" "It's from when this church was built, and I want to give it to you." "If you offer it to me..." "why not." "Lord... this simple piece of wood..." "There once was a man that said:" ""Lord, from these four pieces of wood... hangs America's destiny."" "On this piece of wood... let all this man's good intentions depend, Lord." "Let all the work from his hands thrive." "I believe and I hope, by Jesus Christ, my savior." "Amen." "OK." "Now we're ready." "Why didn't you come?" "No, it's just that... my friends hid my boat... and what do they do that for?" "Just to goof around." "Because I'm an outsider." "It does n't matter." "I'll get another boatman." "At least say "thank you" for the tools." "Take them back, then!" "Asshole..." "How did it go in town?" "Just as I thought it would." "Typical town full of half-asleep jerks." "Look..." "The town minister gave it to me." "Are you an Evangelist?" "No." "I don't believe in those things." "Hand me the handsaw." "Hey." "Yeah?" "Why did you come here?" "It's all I've got." "Thanks for the tools." "What story do you want to tell?" "Here, people are always making up stories about lonely men... about lonely people..." "Because it's full of empty places..." "There's less people, less things... everything is just like that, down to minimum." "But there are lonely men everywhere... and empty places too." "Why travel this far?" "Taben," "Queullin," "Chidhuapi," "Lin," "Aptao," "Quenu," "Huito." "Huan" "There're around 14 islands in the area." "Yes." "A lot of islands." "People are born on their island... and there they are... but they are not." "They are there, and they are not." "Sometime they go far to find their fortune..." "This way and that way..." "This way and that way...and back again." "Morons!" "And, in the end, where do they end up dying?" "Just on their island." "Each one to his own island." "That's how it is." "Once, there on Huito island... a gringo arrived, one of those with red hair... who had bought a lot of land there." "The guy started to travel around the other islands." "He came with a very strange idea..." "He wanted to rent all the animals in the area, and take them to his island... to make them produce more... so everyone would win." "Even though he didn't expect it... everyone said yes." "They even signed documents for him." "The gringo got excited... and got more money... and built a huge shed." "About one hectare, there on one of the grasslands..." "And the day came... when the people had to show up with the animals on their boats... and no one came." "And there was the poor gringo, waiting." "After a while, nothing was heard from him." "And there lies his shed still." "Empty"... with not 0 ne an im al." "From time to time, people get together to drink there." "That's how it was." "Near those trees back there, that is where I want the houses." "Hey!" "Let them go." "And you?" "What do you do?" "I work at night." "I service men." "And you?" "I used to look after a place." "What kind of place?" "Aland that belonged to a wealthy lady." "And now?" "Now I'm here." "Those clothes will never dry." "It's soaking wet." "I don't understand why these assholes won't stay." "Want some?" "OK." "You own a place when you are on it." "Weren't you a caretaker?" "So?" "You used to live in a place... in which you didn't own anything." "It does n't matter." "Want some?" "OK." "Before I considered coming here..." "I once thought of moving to Virgin Island." "Which one is that?" "The farthest island in the area." "Nearly no one lives there." "Just animals." "Why so far?" "I didn't want any contact with people." "I wanted to go with my mom." "But it's dangerous at her age." "You should have a look there." "What for?" "I don't know..." "It's an island." "Not many people live there." "It might be useful to you." "And you Rodrigo?" "It's too far." "The sea is dangerous out there." "It's around here." "How long does it take?" "About six hours." "I don't know if I want to go that far." "As I am saying, may God be with you." "Everything that you are doing..." "I hope that such is the message." "I come from Santiago." "I'm here to stay." "One question..." "What will you work on?" "I have some land nearby." "It's nice working together... if the children are around, right?" "That's the most important thing" "I also want to work... on my own things, but in Calbuco." "Are these lands yours?" "No, over there." "I live there." "But it's nice...but..." "I only contribute." "Because the whole thing is to work..." "My cousin lives in this land." "I live over there." "But, you can feel at home." "Who do you work for?" "I'm a fisherman..." "I'm a boatman." "This is the flashlight I'm carrying." "Flashlight." "Flashlight." "Flashlight!" "This one is for working at the sea" "Deep down." "Where you dive." "This is for that." "Flashlight." " I want to take people to work..." " Yeah." " How about it?" " Yeah." " I can give you a piece of land..." " Yeah." "Yeah, yeah, yeah..." "Yeah, yeah what?" "Yes or no?" "I don't accept impolite people at my home." "The batteries..." "Four batteries." "Four" "To talk." "I have two." "I have to charge them." "I charge them with electricity." "I have a cellphone." "Yes, I do." "Youjust come, plug it and it's charging." "If it is out of charge, what can you talk?" "Nothing!" "No charge, no talk." "I have a cellphone here, with wires." "You plug it some place where there's electricity... it charges rig ht away." "Rig ht away." "I have no woman here." "I have nothing." "I just do my stuff by myself." "Because I'm used to be alone." "There's people that are used to be alone... and that's it." "Right?" "Aman that has been alone, is lonely until death;" "But calm, and with good manners." "Educated people are worthwhile." "But some are too rude..." "they're no good here." "I don't accept impolite people in my home." "No, no, no, take it easy, dear." "Don't pull me so hard." "Take it easy, dear!" "Are we going to Calbuco?" "[Av, 8}]," "Have some bread." "Thanks." "Have some bread!" "Have some Mate tea." "OK." "Are you the one who serves the Mate tea?" "No one else?" "You!" "Have some Mate tea." "Thank you." "Here's your food, little guy." "Are you having some coffee?" "A little sun..." "The weather is going to be nice." "It's all going to be for my son Beltren." "I live with him." "I tell him, get married, get yourself a woman." "When I die..." "when I get sick" "When I eat too much..." "this... my glands... and my liver..." "It isn't working right." "I know myself." "They'll put me in a hospital, and then, my son Beltren will be alone." "Our things are invested in land and animals." "There they are." "It's sad for those who have nothing" "The land never rots." "Because land is eternal, my friend." "Because it has everything in it." "It raises the animals." "What I don't like, I told my son Beltren... pigs." "They don't give any money back." "They eat too much and are dirty." "What's this?" "Agift." "I like the way you live." "Why?" "You know how to live alone, without bothering others." "What's your name?" "Manuel Ribera." "Do you want to keep it?" "What for?" "It's useful for the land." "I'll install it... and I'll leave." "It must be the antenna" "It does n't matter, leave it like that." "OK, there it is." "Want to stay for a while?" "Sure." "Do you live with your family?" "Yes." "You?" "Damn, you make a lot of questions." "I used to live with a woman and my daughter... but I don't know why, at some point I stopped caring about them" "I got bored." "So I decided to look for another job." "I heard a woman needed her land looked after in Melipilla... and one day..." "I had my bags ready." "Without letting anyone know..." "I picked up my bags... and left to live alone for fourteen years." "Without warning anyone?" "Without warning anyone." "I left my place for someone ease's place." "But the lady died... so I couldn't stay, and I couldn't go back." "No one knows why the lady left me this island." "And here we are." "Which story do you want to tell?" "In reality, men are always alone... and that's it." "He has something, but not much." "And with a little, a little, no more." "That's fine." "A piece of land, and that's it." "What else?" "Oh yes." "Alone you can only have a little..." "And that's the way to have something." "And that's why it's a little... but not so little." "You have to know how to be at one place, to fence your land in." "Afree man doesn't run away..." "He knows how to stay in his own place... with dignity." "To tame, you must be there..." "Animals must be tamed..." "So with children." "Oh yes." "You can't keep beasts in the backyard." "That's why those who travel are only fooling around." "Just fooling around." "Because, if you're not here nor there... where are you then?" "You're nowhere." "Long ago, in Quenu island, a long time ago... the people decided to put a lighthouse on the dock." "And to make the island famous... they ordered a lighthouse from the United States." "What a huge lighthouse it was!" "The light was so bright, that it illuminated the island across from it." "Even ships from other places came here... only to see it." "But the lighthouse lasted no more than a month." "One day, a group of pirates came from Argentina and stole it." "And the island was left in darkness again." "And the ships stopped coming." "That's why it's important for islands to have a lighthouse on their coastline;" "To show that there are people there;" "Not to show off." "It's no good to show off so much." "That's how it was." "Hey, Don Manuel, we're going to need more batteries... for this to work all night." "Hey, Don Manuel, we're going to need more batteries... for this to work all night." "Don't worry." "I am bringing a generator." "A big one." "This place is going to be really nice." "Once, I was invited to a party at a country house." "Halfway through the party, the energy cuts off, and the owner... pretty drunk by then, goes to check the generator and confuses the cans... and instead of fuel he poured cyder into it." "No one knows how it kept working all night." "But the next morning it stopped working." "Why do you tell us this bullshit?" "Remember that I told you about the mussel beds?" "Sort of." "It's just that..." "I got offered a job there for 3 months." "You' re going to leave?" "I believe so." "It's a good salary and they need the money at my home." "Since the boats and all shipyards disappeared, my dad... he's not doing well..." "he doesn't have a job." "When do you leave?" "I don't know." "They have to confirm." "Anyhowl have plenty of things to do." "They gave me some money to fix the boat and... and I have to buy my uniform, sol don't know if I can come by." "Will you leave anyhow?" "Yes, I already told you." "Otherwise, I would n't have said a thing." "I'm here for the generator." "The generator?" "I sent it to Lin Island." "But we agreed you would sell it to me." "You never came..." "But you gave me your word." "But... well..." "I needed the money." "You know that money talks here." "Could you cancel the auction and reserve it for me?" "If you want it back, you must get there first thing in the morning." "Because the auction is around noon." " Lin Island you said?" " Yes." "Lin island." "OK." "I'll be there early in the morning." "OK, I hope it works out." " Yes, because you gave me your word." " Alright." "We will arrive in no time in your boat." "No." "No." "It's only going and coming back." "You can always arrive a little late to your job." "You recommended this generator." "Yes, but that doesn't mean that I have to go and pick it up." "I have a lot of things to do..." "I have to get up early tomorrow." "I must have my boat ready." "We have the people, we are building up the place, you can't just ruin it!" "Hey, you know what?" "I have important things to do as well." "I have to take care of them... this is important to my family." "Here." "A boatman that might help you." "If you want I can help you contact him." "You're mistaken, Don Manuel." "You're mistaken." "That's the law of men..." "How much is your service?" "Too m uch." "Do you do something special?" "Yeah, mine is made of gold." "No, platinum is more expensive!" "It even has marble laces on it!" "No, I don't do anything special, but I put the price I want, get it?" "You can't come here and say it is too much ortoo little..." "But the price is related to the kind of service." "Well, that depends on the man..." "if he likes the service he'll come back, and if he doesn't, fine." "I already have my money." " Manuel, you have any cigarettes?" " No!" "don't smoke." "What a miserable rat." "You must remain calm." "About ten years ago I wanted to do something else." "Sol rented the second floor of a downtown house." "I used it as a hostel." "I worked for about two years." "Everything went fine... but on the second year... for San Juan night..." "I got scared, I don't know why of so many drunk people partying... with so many lit candles." "Sol asked the residents not to bring any more candles;" "Specially lit candles." "That was my first San Juan night with no candles." "Around six in the morning... we were all outside, watching how the first floor of the house was on fire;" "And my hostel too." "I don't know what is the point to all this;" "Though you might have things, they are not yours;" "They are simply not yours." "You must learn to let go, Manuel." "Just let the kid go and do his work." "You will figure out a way to get there." "May be." "Are these lands really yours?" "This is what you get fortresspasing other people's spaces." "Don't ever play with people, Don Manuel." "Written and shot between august 21 and september 13, 2009, at the islands of Calbuco archipelago." "Subtitles:" "Jirafa."
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FINALE (Brian Davies): A card is selected (face unseen) from a red-backed deck and retained by a spectator. A number is chosen and counted in a blue-backed deck. The two cards match!
THE POWER OF SUGGESTION (Barrie Richardson): A ring is placed around the neck of a Coca Cola bottle. The ring is removed, vanished and it appears back on the neck of the bottle!
DOMINO TELEPATHY (Anonimous): All the domino pieces are put together in line. You devine the spots at each end of the chain. A classic!
COLOR CROSSER (Max Maven): A series of stunning effects using just a packet of cards! SCAT (Sebastian Cody): Here you have a packet routine, which combines elements of 'Twisting the Aces,' 'The Six Card Repeat,' 'Wild Card' and Alex Elmsley's 'Four Card Trick!'
OPTICAL DELUSIONS (Sebastian Cody): To an appropriate story, three cards with colored circles on the front undergo a variety of changes!
THE P.K. KEY (Nico Thelman): A key is handed around for examination. It is attached to a string which is hung around the neck of a spectator. The key acquires a corkscrew like twist. The key may be examined!
EVEN FURTHER THAN FURTHER THAN THAT (Cushing Strout): A funny version of the classic trick with several climaxes including a lie detector test!
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202 F.2d 752
Stanley Dale SYDOW, Appellant,v.UNITED STATES of America.
No. 14730.
United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit.
Feb. 4, 1953.
PER CURIAM.
1
Appeal from District Court dismissed, on motion of appellee and motion of appellant pro se.
2
Fyke Farmer, Nashville, Tenn., and Thomas P. Kelley, Omaha, Neb., for appellant.
3
Joseph T. Votava, U.S. Atty., and Edward J. Tangney, Asst. U.S. Atty., Omaha, Neb., for appellee.
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785 P.2d 1160 (1990)
Mardell PALMER, Appellant (Plaintiff),
v.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF CROOK COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 1, Appellee (Defendant).
No. 89-78.
Supreme Court of Wyoming.
January 12, 1990.
*1161 James L. Edwards of Stevens, Edwards & Hallock, Gillette, for appellant.
Mark L. Hughes of Hughes & Dumbrill, Sundance, for appellee.
Tracy J. Copenhaver of Copenhaver, Kath & Kitchen, Powell, filed an amicus curiae brief on behalf of the Wyoming School Boards Ass'n.
Before CARDINE, C.J., and THOMAS, URBIGKIT, MACY and GOLDEN, JJ.
GOLDEN, Justice.
Appellant Mardell Palmer (Palmer) challenges the district court's judgment affirming her termination and seeks reinstatement as a continuing contract teacher in Crook County School District No. 1 (District). She asserts that the School District Board of Trustees (Board) acted arbitrarily, capriciously and illegally in terminating her employment pursuant to the Board's Reduction in Professional Staff Work Force (RIF) policy.
Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:
I. Did the administration attempt to realign the classes and courses to be taught in accordance with the reduction in force (RIF) policy and not infringe on the right of the appellant as a continuing contract teacher?
II. Did the Crook County School Board properly implement the District RIF policy?
III. Did the Board of Trustees conduct themselves in an arbitrary and capricious manner toward the appellant through either their notice and conduct at the April 7, 1988, meeting, or their findings of fact and conclusions of law?
In contrast, the District frames the issue on appeal in the context of the scope of judicial review pursuant to W.S. 16-3-114(c)(ii) (Oct. 1982 Repl.). Appellee identifies the issue as:
I. Was the decision of the District Court and the Board of Trustees of Crook County School District No. 1 to terminate the contract of Mardell Palmer:
a. Arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law;
b. Contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege or immunity;
c. In excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority or limitations or lacking statutory right;
d. Without observance of procedure required by law; or
e. Unsupported by substantial evidence?
Finally, in an amicus brief submitted on behalf of the District by the Wyoming School Boards Association, two issues are addressed:
I. Does a teacher by virtue of acquiring continuing contract status have the right to require the Board of Trustees to realign teachers and curriculum so as to create a position for her when such realignment would be contrary to the Board's determination of what is in the best interests of the students?
II. Did the Board of Trustees of Crook County School District No. 1 properly implement the RIF policy and procedures, including requirements for notice to the teacher, and was the determination of the Board arbitrary, capricious or unsupported by substantial evidence?
We affirm.
FACTS
Palmer taught physical education and general science at Sundance High School for seven consecutive years until the end of the 1987-88 school year. In March, 1988, she became aware that the District, faced with financial concerns and a declining enrollment, was considering implementing its RIF policy by eliminating several staff positions, including her own combination physical education/science position. On April 7, 1988, Palmer, accompanied by counsel, attended a special meeting of the Board where they discussed the proposed RIF with the Board. The Board also heard comments from several individuals on behalf of Palmer and received petitions supporting *1162 her continued employment. Despite these factors, the Board accepted a recommendation from the District Superintendent to implement the RIF policy. In addition to Palmer's position as a physical education/science teacher, the Board voted to eliminate five and one-half other teaching positions in the District. All teachers in the District received notice of the Board's action to implement the RIF policy following the April 7 special meeting.
Palmer received written notice of recommendation of her termination on or about April 12, 1988. The notice, dated April 11, 1988, contained three reasons for the Board's reduction in the teaching staff: (1) limited financial resources of the District; (2) decreased enrollment; and (3) other events beyond the control of the Board. On April 15, 1988, Palmer requested a hearing before the Board pursuant to W.S. 21-7-108 (July 1986 Repl.); the Board granted Palmer's request and conducted a hearing on June 22, 1988. Discovery of additional evidence necessitated a supplemental hearing held on October 3, 1988. Following both hearings, the Board voted to terminate Palmer's employment with the District effective at the end of the 1987-88 school year.
Pursuant to W.R.A.P. 12 and W.S. 16-3-114, Palmer petitioned the district court for review of the Board's administrative action, and on October 12, 1988, the district court heard oral arguments and reviewed the record. The court concluded that the Board had authority under W.S. 21-7-111(a)(iv) (Cum.Supp. 1988)[1] to terminate a continuing contract teacher due to limited financial resources and decreased enrollment. The court recognized the limited scope of judicial review of discretionary administrative actions supported by substantial evidence. On February 28, 1989, the district court entered an order affirming the Board's action terminating Palmer. This appeal followed.
Having reviewed the record and briefs, we recognize two issues for decision. First, we must consider whether the District satisfied procedural notice requirements; and second, we must determine whether the Board's decision to terminate Palmer was supported by substantial evidence.
The standard of judicial review for administrative actions is governed by W.R.A.P. 12.09, W.S. 16-3-114(c)[2] and Wyoming case law. We apply the same standard of judicial review previously applied by the district court in this case. In determining whether an agency decision is arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion, a court must review the record taken as a whole and ascertain whether the decision is supported by the evidence contained in the record. Holding's Little America v. Board of County Commissioners of Laramie County, 670 P.2d 699, 703-04 (Wyo. 1983); and Toavs v. State By & Through Real Estate Commission, 635 P.2d 1172, 1174 (Wyo. 1981). We are not bound to accept any of the conclusions reached in the district court, but are obligated to review the appeal as if it came directly to the court from the Board. Sellers v. Wyoming Board of Psychologist Examiners, 739 P.2d 125, 126 (Wyo. 1987). Deference is owed to the Board's administrative determination, not that of the district court's decision. Zezas Ranch, Inc. v. Board of Control, 714 P.2d 759, 764 (Wyo. 1986).
Palmer argues that the Board abused its discretion by making its decision *1163 without a sufficient factual basis. W.S. 16-3-114(c)(ii)(E) establishes that administrative actions mut be supported by "substantial evidence" or be reversed on judicial review. On several occasions this court has defined the "substantial evidence" test in the school board administrative context. In Shenefield v. Sheridan County School District No. 1, 544 P.2d 870, 874 (Wyo. 1976) (quoting Howard v. Lindmier, 67 Wyo. 78, 214 P.2d 737, 740 (1950)), the court defined substantial evidence as "such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion." See also Ririe v. Board of Trustees of School District No. One, Crook County, Wyoming, 674 P.2d 214, 228 (Wyo. 1983); and Board of Trustees, Laramie County School District No. 1 v. Spiegel, 549 P.2d 1161, 1178 (Wyo. 1976). The weight to be given the evidence and the credibility of witnesses is to be determined by the finder of fact (the Board in this case) and not the reviewing court. The burden is on the appellant to demonstrate that the Board's decision is not supported by substantial evidence. Westates Construction Co. v. Sheridan County School District No. 2, Board of Trustees, 719 P.2d 1366, 1372 (Wyo. 1986).
PROCEDURAL NOTICE REQUIREMENTS
Palmer contends that the District's published notice of the April 7, 1988 special board meeting was inaccurate in that the notice printed in the local newspaper and the copies of the meeting agenda distributed to Board members failed to state that reduction in the professional staff work force would be discussed at the meeting. The District counters Palmer's claim with evidence of compliance with W.S. 16-4-404(b) (Oct. 1982 Repl.).[3] The District argues that express notice of "hiring professional staff," in conjunction with Palmer's constructive notice of the purpose of the meeting and community awareness of topics to be discussed satisfies the statutory notice requirement.
Palmer's procedural argument fails since the record establishes that the District met the requirements of the law, and in any case, Palmer did not suffer as a result of the alleged improper notice. While it is questionable whether "hiring professional staff" is synonymous with "reduction in force," there is no doubt that the business to be transacted at the special meeting dealt with personnel decisions. Palmer was informed of the purpose of the special meeting by other means, and both she and her counsel attended and participated in the meeting. Members of the community appeared on behalf of Palmer and offered positive verbal and written support of Palmer's qualifications. Following the April 7 meeting, Palmer received written notice of recommendation of her termination. She requested and received an extensive hearing before the Board pursuant to W.S. 21-7-108. Adequate notice is a requisite element of administrative agency action. Here, Palmer received all the notice required by law, and could not demonstrate any prejudice or harm from the alleged inadequate notice.
SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE
We next consider whether the Board acted arbitrarily or capriciously by terminating Palmer's employment as a continuing contract teacher without sufficient facts before it to support its decision. It is well established that this court will not substitute its judgment for that of administrative agencies, including school districts, if the record establishes that the agency decision is supported by substantial evidence. Westates, 719 P.2d at 1372. The record establishes that the Board voted to terminate Palmer based on evidence of financial exigency and declining enrollment.
*1164 It is the role of an elected school board to consider all of the circumstances impinging on the efficient operation of the school district and to exercise its discretion to ensure the best possible education for students. In the spring of 1988, the Board was faced with a projected decline in revenues, coupled with overstaffing resulting from a decline in student population. This was presented to the Board together with the superintendent's RIF recommendation at the April 7, 1988 Board meeting. The recommendation to RIF Palmer (among others) was based on elimination of classes which she taught. The recommendation was presented in more detail in the form of exhibits and testimony by the superintendent of schools and the director of curriculum at the June 22, 1988 hearing. The record was supplemented at the October 3, 1988 hearing.
Palmer argues that enrollment actually increased, there were alternate methods for reorganizing the district staff, that the district had adequate financial resources, and that the board erred in its factual findings. However, the district court correctly noted that whether this decision was the "best" under the circumstances is not the test. The record contains relevant evidence that reasonably supports the Board's decision. A decline in revenues required economic choices, and realignment of classes to best meet student needs suggested retaining all mathematics teachers and reducing the number of science teachers. Consequently, we hold that the Board's decision as to Palmer is supported by substantial evidence.
There is no evidence before us that the Board acted arbitrarily or capriciously in any other respect. Palmer received a fair and complete hearing before the Board voted to terminate her employment. The Board acted under authority of W.S. 21-7-111(a)(iv) and within the letter of its RIF policy. Despite the allegation in Palmer's brief, we found no evidence in the record of a pretextual termination or retaliation. Finally, we emphasize that Wyoming statutes do not demand, and we do not impose, a requirement that school boards realign teaching duties premised on seniority. Cf. Strand v. Special School District, 392 N.W.2d 881, 886 (Minn. 1986).
We find that the Board did not act arbitrarily or capriciously or abuse its discretion. Appellant Mardell Palmer received adequate notice of the April 7, 1988 special board meeting. Further, the Board's action was supported by substantial evidence. These findings dispose of all the issues raised by the appeal. The decision of the district court is affirmed.
NOTES
[1] W.S. 21-7-111(a)(iv), states:
(a) Nothing in this article shall prohibit:
* * * * * *
(iv) The termination of the contract of a teacher at the end of current school year because of a decrease in the size of faculty due to decreased enrollment or other event beyond the control of the board * * *.
[2] W.S. 16-3-114(c)(ii) states that the court shall set aside agency action, findings and conclusions found to be:
(A) Arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion or otherwise not in accordance with law;
(B) Contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege or immunity;
(C) In excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority or limitations or lacking statutory right;
(D) Without observance of procedure required by law; or
(E) Unsupported by substantial evidence in a case reviewed on the record of an agency hearing provided by statute.
[3] W.S. 16-4-404(b) states:
(b) Special meetings may be called by the presiding officer of a governing body by giving notice of the meeting to each member of the governing body and to each newspaper of general circulation, radio or television station requesting the notice. The notice shall specify the time and place of the special meeting and the business to be transacted. No other business shall be considered at a special meeting.
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Calcium, vitamin D supplements with or without alendronate and supragingival calculus formation in osteoporotic women: a preliminary study.
Long-term calcium intake is related to the formation of urinary stones. Structure and composition of kidney and gallstones are similar to dental calculus. Saliva is the source of calcium for supragingival dental calculus formation. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the possible effects of long-term calcium and vitamin D supplementation with or without alendronate administration on salivary electrolyte concentrations and supragingival calculus formation in osteoporotic women. Thirty-one female patients with osteoporosis for at least 3 years participated in this study. Eighteen women were taking calcium plus vitamin D plus alendronate, while 13 women were taking only calcium plus vitamin D supplements. Eleven systemically healthy women volunteered for the control group. Whole saliva samples were collected from all women before initiation of any periodontal intervention. Plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and calculus index were recorded at six sites/tooth. Salivary concentrations of ionic calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results were evaluated statistically by non-parametric tests. No significant differences were found in clinical parameters or results of saliva analysis between the study groups (p > 0.05). Within the limits of this preliminary study, it is suggested that long-term calcium and vitamin D supplementation with or without alendronate does not appear to have a significant effect on supragingival calculus formation or saliva total calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium concentrations. Larger-scale studies investigating the possible effects of various treatment modalities of osteoporosis on supragingival calculus formation are required to better clarify this issue.
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Stepping Into Dreams
The six dancers in Liz Gerring’s she dreams in code move as if tracking along known paths—or maybe it’s the animals being tracked that they resemble in their supple physicality and intent focus. Premiering last fall at the Baryshnikov Center and shown in Jacob’s Pillow’s Doris Duke Studio Theater August 15 through 19, Gerring’s wonderfully poetic work creates an ambiance through stage design, sound score, dimly heard words, and choreography; together, they make you think of dreamscapes. Movement patterns recur in fragments, canonic strands merge into unison and split again. People come and go, pass through, or stay to fit themselves into ongoing phrases of dancing. Often someone’s dancing alone in a corner while others are attracting attention downstage. Images skitter or flow into your consciousness. Familiar sounds in Michael J. Schumacher’s richly imaginative score (a cello, a piano. . .) cede to—or drown in— heavy exhalations or rumbles of a train; delicate tickings or janglings or rattlings overlay pattering drums. (Unlike many of the electronic scores I hear at dance performances, I can see myself sitting down, eyes closed, and listening to this one.)
Canadian media artist Willy Le Maitre’s scenic design also incites dreams. The initial projection on the backdrop, a textured blue-green wash shading to pale red, is also the last one, but the next-to-last images reveal what has been blurred out: a blue wooden building and a smaller red one with a blue-framed window. In one of the projections, a bush has covered the window. Over the course of the piece, many curious visions invade the backdrop: speckled patterns, twinkling points of light, what could be skeletal eye sockets or hole-pocked beach rocks, water dripping down a windowpane, globular shapes descending. . . .A building melts, slides. Strangely unreal snow blankets a city street. There’s a cave, and a sudden huge, blazing star that, along with the music, signals a climax that never quite happens.
And then there is the voice of Elizabeth Dement. Midway through she dreams in code,we start to hear it intermittently—sometimes doubled, sometimes swallowed by the music. A woman is softly recounting her dreams. You know the kind. They begin, “Once I saw. . .” or “I was walking down a road. . .” or “I never remember being cold in my dream. . . .”
Gerring challenges us from the start. Part of the sound score is playing softly as the audience enters. Just after the house lights go out, they come back on again with full intensity, accompanying the very evocative lighting created by Carolyn Wong. They’re immediately extinguished again, leaving us wondering whether the flash was a mistake, the music heard earlier a test.
The first four dancers on stage—Ben Asriel, Tony Neidenbach, Brandin Steffensen, and Jessica Weiss—establish the tone. These are athletes: strong, flexible, apparently tireless. Jillian Lewis has dressed them in trim outfits patched in shades of gray and blue; the women’s legs are bare. The performers often hurl themselves into moves, but the ending of each is precise and shaped, however loosely. So are their paths in space. They cover ground with big strides; little fast steps, like a backward jog, are less frequent. Throughout she dreams in code, the dancers are springy—leap and jump easily, cartwheel. But they’re strongly attracted to the ground. How often they lope, bent over; squat; roll; fall; stay fallen a while; tilt off balance; cartwheel. . . .Their hands are on the floor as often as their feet are.
Two more dancers—Adele Nickel and Claire Westby—enter at the back to instigate counterpoint. There’s no story here, but, of course, given that these are human beings, we attribute motives and emotions and atmospheres to what we see. When the three women, spaced out over the stage, slowly lift one leg behind them and tip forward, they might be leaning over to stare into a pond. They suspend this moment for quite a while. (Some might call this an arabesque penchée; not me. Only the underlying mechanics are the same.) When Steffensen travels on all fours with Weiss hanging under him, her arms clasped around him, you think of the jungle. Partners face each other; one, braced, provides support for some maneuvers, then backs off, so the other can try the whole thing again. As if this were a practice session. At one point, Steffensen, supine, lifts Weiss above him in the woman-flying position we’ve seen in other dances, but this time, the man slowly bends his arms and lowers the woman until she’s lying draped across his body, and they just stay there, breathing together for a few seconds.
I may not have conveyed how much subtle variety Gerring has provided in terms of dynamics and spatial design. Or how skillfully she uses repetition to alter your vision or shift your perception of time from, say, several people, each engaged in a separate fast pursuit, followed by one person doing the same thing over and over. Gerring’s sense of form holds the vigorous, even break-neck actions in control and reveals the dancers as the splendid athletes that they are in a human-scale terrain that’s as challenging as any balance beam.
Comments
Thank you for this description. I could not attend this and so wish I had been there!
Deborah Jowitt
Deborah Jowitt began to dance professionally in 1953, to choreograph in 1961, and to write about dancing in 1967. Read More…
DanceBeat
This blog acknowledges my appetite for devouring dancing and spitting out responses to it. Criticism that I love to read—and have been struggling to write ever since the late 1960s—probes deeply and imaginatively into choreography and dancing, … [Read More...]
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Product Description
The Turtles team up with your keys! With this Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Donatello Pop! Vinyl Figure Key Chain, Vinyl Figure styling, but shrunken down and made for your keys! measures 1 1/2-Inch tall and comes on a key ring.
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[Cite as State v. Ruppert, 2013-Ohio-4878.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
WASHINGTON COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No. 13CA10
:
vs. :
: DECISION AND JUDGMENT
CHARLES D. RUPPERT, : ENTRY
:
Defendant-Appellant. : Released: 10/30/13
_____________________________________________________________
APPEARANCES:
David A. Sams, West Jefferson, Ohio, for Appellant.
Paul G. Bertram, III, Marietta City Law Director, and Catherine Ingram
Reynolds, Marietta City Assistant Law Director, Marietta, Ohio, for
Appellee.
_____________________________________________________________
McFarland, P.J.
{¶ 1} Charles Douglas Ruppert appeals from his conviction in the
Marietta Municipal Court, for the offense of operating a motor vehicle with
a prohibited blood-alcohol concentration in violation of R.C.
4511.19(A)(1)(h). Appellant contends: (1) the trial court erred by finding
that Appellant operated his vehicle within three hours of the time of his
breathalyzer test; and, (2) the verdict of guilty was based on insufficient
evidence and was otherwise against the manifest weight of the evidence.
Washington App. No. 13CA10 2
After reviewing the record, we find there was competent credible
circumstantial evidence to support the trial court’s finding Appellant’s
breath test was conducted within the three-hour time limit as required by
R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(b). As such, we find the motion to suppress was
properly overruled. Accordingly, we overrule Appellant’s first assignment
of error. Further, we find Appellant’s conviction was based on sufficient
evidence and was not otherwise against the manifest weight of the evidence.
Therefore, we also overrule Appellant’s second assignment of error.
FACTS
{¶ 2} Deputy Jeremiah K. McConnell of the Washington County
Sheriff’s Department charged Appellant with operating a motor vehicle with
a prohibited concentration of alcohol, a violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(h).
The charge arose from circumstances involving Appellant which occurred
on October 25, 2012. Appellant subsequently appeared in Marietta
Municipal Court and pled not guilty. Eventually, Appellant filed a motion to
suppress the results of his breath test for the reason that the BAC Datamaster
test was not performed within the required three-hour period. The trial court
held a hearing on Appellant’s motion.
{¶ 3} Theresa Ann Everson of Belpre, Ohio, was the State’s first
witness at the suppression hearing. Ms. Everson testified she was at home
Washington App. No. 13CA10 3
on October 25, 2012, sleeping, and she was awakened by her two puppies
barking and then a call for help. Ms. Everson got up to let the animals out,
and five minutes later, they came running back. Then she heard the call for
help again. Everson went to her bedroom and looked out her window, to see
a person standing about 50 feet from her window. Once Everson realized
the person was asking for help, she dialed the sheriff’s office with her cell
phone. She then called 911 and contacted a dispatcher, advising that she
was home alone and a man was outside her window. Everson identified
Appellant in the courtroom.
{¶ 4} Everson estimated if the sheriff’s department recorded her
phone call at 5:56 a.m., then she probably was awakened by the noise
around 20 minutes earlier, or approximately 5:30 a.m. She testified the time
from when she first heard the puppies barking to the point in time when she
made contact with dispatch was no more than 30 minutes. On cross-
examination, Everson admitted she never looked at a clock, she was “kind of
guessing.” Everson described Appellant as appearing drunk by his walking
or staggering. Everson later testified in redirect that her puppies did not
react when cars came into her driveway, but they did react when someone
came onto the porch.
Washington App. No. 13CA10 4
{¶ 5} Deputy McConnell testified that he was dispatched to Theresa
Everson’s home in Dunham Township at 5:56 a.m. due to a report of a
suspicious male at the house. It was a cold, frosty morning. He arrived a few
minutes after 6:00 a.m. McConnell testified the Everson home sits atop a
small hill. When he pulled to the front of the house, he observed a male
walking towards him with his hands in the air. McConnell exited his
vehicle. Appellant advised McConnell he was lost. McConnell described
Appellant as disoriented, confused, staggering, with a strong smell of
alcohol.
{¶ 6} Appellant advised Deputy McConnell he was not sure what had
happened. He had been in his car, a red Monte Carlo, and the next thing he
knew, he was in the woods or a field. McConnell commenced searching for
Appellant’s vehicle. He found tire tracks around Everson’s house and
eventually found Appellant’s car parked down the hill, in a wooded area,
covered in dust. McConnell estimated the car to be 50 or 60 yards from the
house, “down over the hill, a pretty good ways.” It took him approximately
five minutes to locate Appellant’s car.
{¶ 7} McConnell conducted field sobriety tests and determined
Appellant was under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Appellant was
Washington App. No. 13CA10 5
arrested and taken to the Washington County Jail. While there, Appellant
took a breath test, administered by Deputy Kevin Carr. The result was .174.
{¶ 8} On cross-examination, McConnell testified the BMV 2255
form he completed lists the “violation” time as 5:56 a.m. McConnell
explained that was the time he received the call, not the time the accident
occurred. McConnell testified the time of test was listed as 8:10 a.m.
McConnell acknowledged that the time listed on the BAC ticket, 8:15 a.m.,
would be the more accurate test time. McConnell admitted he had no idea
the time the accident actually occurred, except that it would have been prior
to 5:56 a.m. On redirect, Deputy McConnell testified the hood of the car
was still warm.
{¶ 9} Deputy Carr testified he administered the breath test at the
Washington County Jail. He is certified to operate the Datamaster BAC
machine. Carr identified State’s Exhibit B, a “subject test form” for use with
the breath machine. Carr testified he completed the checklist on the form.
He identified a photocopy of the evidence ticket printed by the breath test
machine. The ticket demonstrated the machine was working properly at 8:14
a.m. Appellant’s test result was completed at 8:15 a.m. The machine was
again verified as working accurately at 8:16 a.m.
Washington App. No. 13CA10 6
{¶ 10} In closing, Appellant’s counsel argued due to the various facts
of the case, set forth above, there was simply no way to determine when
Appellant’s accident actually occurred and therefore, the test should be
suppressed. The trial court found that the test was performed at 8:15 a.m.
and for the test not to be suppressed, the last operation of the vehicle had to
have occurred at 5:15 or later. The trial court observed:
“There is nothing that clear in this case. We have the lay
witness’s testimony that she placed the call at 5:56. She was
awaked by her dogs, the puppies barking, were outside for
about five minutes, and she believes the time that elapses was at
the most [Inaudible]. So that would be that the last operation
was somewhere between no earlier than 5:15 and no later than
maybe about 5:30. The deputy added that the engine was or the
hood was warm. It was a cold morning and that there was frost.
The reasonable inference from that is that the recent operation
would have been prior to six o’clock, when he felt the hood,
because he arrived at six o’clock. The Court is going to find
that operation was within three hours.”
{¶ 11} On March 15, 2013, Appellant pled no contest to a violation of
R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(h). He was sentenced to $575.00 fine and costs, 33 days
in jail, and a one-year license suspension. Appellant now brings this appeal,
setting forth two assignments of error for our review. Appellant’s jail
sentence has been stayed pending this appeal.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR ONE
I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT HAD OPERATED HIS VEHICLE
Washington App. No. 13CA10 7
WITHIN 3 HOURS OF THE TIME OF THE BREATHALYZER
TEST.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
{¶ 12} Our review of a decision on a motion to suppress “presents
mixed questions of law and fact.” State v. McNamara, 124 Ohio App.3d
706 710, 707 N.E.2d 539 (1997), citing United States v. Martinez (C.A.11,
1992), 949 F.2d 1117, 1119. At a suppression hearing, the trial court is in
the best position to evaluate witness credibility. State v. Dunlap, 73 Ohio
St.3d 308, 314, 652 N.E.2d 988 (1995). Accordingly, we must uphold the
trial court’s findings of fact if competent, credible evidence in the record
supports them. Id. We then conduct a de novo review of the trial court’s
application of the law to the facts. State v. Anderson, 100 Ohio App.3d 688,
691, 654 N.E.2d 1034 (1995); State v. Fields, 4th Dist. No. 99CA11, 1999
WL 1125120 (Nov. 29, 1999).
LEGAL ANALYSIS
{¶ 13} R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(A) provides:
“No person shall operate any vehicle * * * within this
state, if at the time of the operation, any of the following apply:
(a) The person is under the influence of alcohol, a drug
of abuse, or a combination of them.
***
Washington App. No. 13CA10 8
(h) The person has a concentration of seventeen-
hundredths of one gram or more by weight of alcohol per two
hundred ten liters of the person’s breath.”
{¶ 14} Additionally, R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(b)1 provides:
“In a criminal prosecution or juvenile court proceeding for a
violation of division (A) or (B) of this section, or for an
equivalent offense that is vehicle-related, the court may admit
evidence on the concentration of alcohol, drugs of abuse,
controlled substances, metabolites of a controlled substance, or
a combination of them in the defendant’s whole blood, blood
serum or plasma, breath, urine, or other bodily substance at the
time of the alleged violation as shown by chemical analysis of
the substance withdrawn within three hours of the alleged
violation.”
{¶ 15} Appellant pled no contest to a violation of R.C.
4511.19(A)(1)(h). In his first assignment of error, Appellant contends under
the unique facts of his case, the trial court erred by finding compliance with
R.C. 4511. 19(D)(1)(b). Appellant points out Theresa Everson did not
observe Appellant wreck his vehicle and did not look at the clock or
1
R.C. 4511.19(D) has been amended. Previously, it allowed bodily substances to be collected up to only
two hours after an alleged OVI violation. Most of the cases to be discussed infra involved considerations of
this issue when the two-hour rule was in effect.
Washington App. No. 13CA10 9
otherwise mark the time. Appellant highlights the fact there was no
testimony presented to indicate how long a hood would stay warm after
operation of the engine ceased.
{¶ 16} Appellant directs our attention to State v. Cessna, 11th Dist.
Trumbull App. No. 2853, 1980 WL 352340 (Dec. 30, 1980), and State v.
Hennen, 7th Dist., Belmont App. No. 86-B-2, 1986 WL 13579, (Dec. 2,
1986), cases wherein the appellate courts held that the two-hour time period
for obtaining Breathalyzer tests was not affirmatively established by the
evidence. In Cessna, the appellate court’s brief opinion emphasized that the
only evidence remotely relating to the time of the violation was the arresting
officer’s testimony as to when he received a call to go to the scene of an
accident, but nothing in the State’s case indicated when the accident
occurred.
{¶ 17} In Hennen, the defendant was convicted of operating a motor
vehicle in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(3). He was given a Breathalyzer test
and tested .162. The evidence demonstrated Hennen was in a one-car crash
during the early morning hours of June 30, 1985. The state patrol was
notified at 4:32 a.m., and a trooper was dispatched to the scene. The trooper
testified the Breathalyzer test was conducted at 5:31 a.m. As to the timing of
the accident, the trooper testified he “felt he was within the two hour limit.”
Washington App. No. 13CA10 10
The trooper also relied on the fact that at the scene, the tire marks appeared
fresh. However, the trooper was asked to explain the difference between a
15-minute tire mark and a 30-minute tire mark, and admitted he did not
know. On cross-examination, the trooper acknowledged that Hennen’s last
operation of his vehicle could have been “within the last four or five hours.”
In its decision, the appellate court concluded:
“The only conclusion that can be drawn from [Trooper
Walker’s] testimony in this case is that maybe the appellant was
operating his motor vehicle within the two hour limit and
maybe he wasn’t operating the motor vehicle within the two
hour limit. This certainly does not amount to an affirmative
establishment of the time factor.”
{¶ 18} Appellee State of Ohio counters that the trial court reasonably
inferred from the evidence presented that the breath test occurred within
three hours of Appellant’s operation. Appellee directs our attention to State
v. Fowler, 2nd Dist. Clark No. 99-CA-57, 2000 WL 353150, (Apr. 7, 2000),
and State v. Shaffer, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 01CA21, 2002-Ohio-4167,
(Aug. 12, 2002).
{¶ 19} In Fowler, an officer was dispatched to the scene of an
accident at 4:36 p.m. A breathalyzer was ultimately administered to the
defendant at 5:48 p.m. In affirming the judgment of conviction, the second
district court of appeals noted:
Washington App. No. 13CA10 11
“(1) The officer stated that he believed the accident occurred at
4:35 p.m.; (2) the officer observed that the defendant’s vehicle
was still warm when he arrived; (3) the officer stated that the
defendant’ vehicle had apparently just been driven because it
was sitting in the middle of the intersection; (4) the officer
interviewed witnesses to determine the time of the accident; (5)
the other drivers involved in the accident stated that the
accident had occurred within a minute or two; and (6) the
witnesses stated that the accident occurred around 4:35 p.m.
Additionally, the court noted that the accident occurred on a
busy road and that any accident would have been reported
within a short period of time.”
{¶ 20} In Shaffer, we concluded the trial court did not abuse its
discretion by deciding to admit alcohol test results into evidence, noting that
the evidence the trial court had before it was sufficient, but not
overwhelming. There, the defendant’s own statement indicated she notified
the authorities very shortly after the accident occurred.
{¶ 21} Additionally we have reviewed the decisions in State v.
Hutson, 1st Dist. Nos. C-060274, C-060275, and C-060276, 2007-Ohio-
1178, 2007 WL 779127; State v. Lester, 12th Dist. No. CA-2009-07-093,
2012-Ohio-41, 2010 WL 58929; and State v. Shuck, 4th Dist. No. 09CA12,
2010-Ohio-2058, 2010 WL 1857347. In Hutson, the appellate court held
that the state produced sufficient circumstantial evidence to establish Hutson
had been operating his car at 2:45 a.m., within the two-hour time period.
There, an independent witness testified he awoke at 2:45 a.m., looked out his
window, and saw Hutson’s car crashed on his front lawn. Given the gravity
Washington App. No. 13CA10 12
of the car accident and the proximity of the crash to the witness’s home, the
appeals court held the trial court reasonably inferred that the sound of the
accident awakened the witness.
{¶ 22} In Lester, the defendant challenged the trial court’s factual
findings that the breathalyzer test was administered within the statutory time
limit. At the suppression hearing, the trooper involved testified he was
dispatched to a single car accident at 9:21 p.m. and arrived at the scene 20
minutes later. The trooper testified upon arrival, he noticed “fresh marks
going off the road,” the defendant seated in the driver’s seat of his car, and
even though the vehicle was not running and it was a cold winter evening “it
was warm inside the vehicle.” The trooper testified while he was unable to
pinpoint the exact time of the accident, it was inconceivable that defendant’s
vehicle was in the ditch for several hours without being reported. Id. at ¶ 9.
Another trooper testified that when he arrived at the scene, the defendant
“never acted like he’d been there a tremendous amount of time,” and after
speaking with him, got the impression the accident had just occurred. Id. at ¶
10. The appeals court held there was competent and credible evidence that
the breathalyzer test was administered within three hours of the alleged
violation. The appeals court agreed with the trial court, that there was simply
no evidence, circumstantial or otherwise, to indicate anything other than the
Washington App. No. 13CA10 13
accident occurred “right before the state troopers arrived.” Lester, supra at ¶
12.
{¶ 23} In State v. Shuck, this court also upheld the trial court’s
finding of fact that Shuck’s accident occurred at 5:05 a.m. and he was tested
within the three-hour time limit imposed by statute. At suppression, Shuck
and the prosecution presented contrasting timelines for the accident. Shuck
testified as to phone calls he made the morning of the accident, at 4:39 a.m.,
4:43 a.m., and 5:08 a.m. Shuck claimed he made the 4:39 a.m. call
immediately after the accident occurred, at least 20 minutes prior to 5:00
a.m. Shuck’s BAC test was administered at 7:51 a.m.
{¶ 24} The prosecution relied on the testimony of an independent
witness. The witness heard the accident as he was getting ready to leave for
work, and testified the time was around 5:10 a.m. The witness testified he
knew this because he had to be at work at 6:00 a.m. and for the past six
years, he had left for work at approximately 5:10 a.m. The witness further
testified on the accident date, he was getting ready to open his door and
leave for work when the accident occurred. After briefly speaking to Shuck,
the witness drove on to work, arriving at the usual time.
{¶ 25} These determinations are fact-driven and each situation is
unique, as Appellant points out. In the case sub judice, we agree with the
Washington App. No. 13CA10 14
trial court’s conclusion that Appellant’s last operation of this motor vehicle
was within the three-hour time period. The sheriff’s department recorded
Everson’s call at 5:56 a.m. Everson testified she was probably awakened at
approximately 5:30 a.m. Deputy McConnell testified the accident occurred
sometime before 5:56 a.m., when he was dispatched to the scene.
McConnell encountered Appellant in Everson’s yard. Deputy McConnell
testified Appellant told him about the crash and what type of car they were
looking for. Approximately five minutes later, when Appellant and
McConnell found the car, McConnell testified the hood of the car was warm,
despite its being a frosty morning.
{¶ 26} Appellant’s car was found in a wooded area some distance
from the Everson house. Deputy McConnell testified Appellant stated he
“wasn’t sure what happened,” and “the next thing he knew, he was in the
woods or field.” The last operation of Appellant’s vehicle had to have been
no earlier than 5:15 a.m. to be within the three-hour rule. Even if there was
some delay before Appellant straggled to the Everson yard, it is
inconceivable that the hood of Appellant’s car would have remained warm
on a frosty morning, if the delay was not a brief one. We note Appellant
supplied no witnesses to dispute the testimony of Everson and the deputy.
Washington App. No. 13CA10 15
{¶ 27} We find there was competent credible evidence from which
the trial court inferred the operation of Appellant’s vehicle occurred within
three hours as required. The trial court did not err in overruling the motion to
suppress and making its finding that the breath test was administered within
three hours. Accordingly, we overrule the first assignment of error.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR TWO
II.THE VERDICT OF GUILTY WAS BASED ON INSUFFICIENT
EVIDENCE AND WAS OTHERWISE AGAINST THE MANIFEST
WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
{¶ 28} An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence to support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at
trial to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average
mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Dennison, 4th
Dist. No. 06CA48, 2007-Ohio-4623, 2007 WL 2570736, ¶ 9. See, e.g. State v.
Jenks, 61 Ohio St. 3d 259, 574 N.E. 2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.
The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most
favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Id., citing
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S. Ct. 2781 (1979).
Washington App. No. 13CA10 16
{¶ 29} A sufficiency of the evidence challenge tests whether the state’s case
is legally adequate to satisfy the requirement that it contain prima facie evidence of
all elements of the charged offense. See State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App. 3d 172, 175
485 N.E. 2d 717 (1983), and Carter v. Estell (C.A. 5, 1982), 691 F. 2d 777, 778. It
is a test of legal adequacy, rather than a test of rational persuasiveness. Dennison,
supra at ¶ 10.
{¶ 30} The sufficiency of the evidence test “raises a question of law and
does not allow us to weigh the evidence,” Hollis, at ¶ 21; State v. Smith, 4th Dist.
No. 06CA7, 2007-Ohio-502, 2007 WL 355274, at ¶ 34, citing State v. Martin, 20
Ohio App. 3d 172, 175, 484 N.E. 2d 717 (1983). Instead, the sufficiency of the
evidence test “gives full play to the responsibility of the trier of fact [to fairly]
resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable
inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.’” Smith, at ¶ 34, citing State v.
Thomas, 70 Ohio St. 2d 79, 79-80, 434 N.E. 2d 1356 (1982); State v. De Hass, 10
Ohio St. 2d 230, 227 N.E. 2d 212 (1967), paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶ 31} In determining whether a criminal conviction is against the manifest
weight of the evidence, an appellate court must view the entire record, weigh the
evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses, and
determine whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly
lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction
Washington App. No. 13CA10 17
must be reversed. Dennison, supra, at ¶ 11; State v. Thompkins, supra, at 387,
citing State v. Martin, supra, at 175. A reviewing court will not reverse a
conviction where there is substantial evidence upon which the court could
reasonably conclude that all the elements of an offense have been proven beyond a
reasonable doubt. State v. Johnson, 58 Ohio St. 3d 40, 41, 567 N.E. 2d 266
(1991); State v. Eskridge, 38 Ohio St. 3d 56, 526 N.E. 2d 304 (1988), paragraph
two of the syllabus. We realize that the evidence may pass a sufficiency analysis
and yet fail under a manifest weight of the evidence test. Dennison, supra, at ¶ 15.
See Brooker, supra at ¶ 16, citing Thompkins, supra.
LEGAL ANALYSIS
{¶ 32} Under the second assignment of error, Appellant argues that
the three-hour requirement of R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(b) was the evidentiary
foundation of the State’s case. Appellant submits because there was non-
compliance with R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(b), there was insufficient evidence to
support his conviction for a violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(h), or, in the
alternative, his conviction was against the manifest weight of the
evidence. We disagree with these arguments.
{¶ 33} Appellant pled no contest to a violation of
R.C.4511.19(A)(1)(h). The breath test obtained by Deputy McConnell
revealed a prohibited blood alcohol concentration of .174. The
Washington App. No. 13CA10 18
circumstances surrounding the obtaining of Appellant’s breath test are also
the evidentiary foundation for admission of the breath test at the heart of the
State’s case. We have found the breath test was conducted within the three-
hour requirement of 4511.19(D)(1)(b).
{¶ 34} We further find Appellant’s conviction was not against the
manifest weight of the evidence. We have reviewed the entire record,
weighed the evidence and the reasonable inferences to be drawn from the
evidence, and considered the credibility of the witnesses. In doing so, we
cannot find the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created a manifest
miscarriage of justice. Based on the above, we overrule Appellant’s second
assignment of error and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Washington App. No. 13CA10 19
Hoover, J., dissenting:
{¶ 35} I respectfully dissent from the principal opinion. The main
issue presented in this appeal is whether the State of Ohio complied with the
three-hour requirement in administering the breath test to the appellant. I
would sustain appellant's first assignment of error by concluding that the
State of Ohio did not meet its burden of proof in demonstrating compliance
with the three-hour requirement. I would reverse the judgment of the trial
court and remand the case for further proceedings, including issuance of an
entry granting appellant's motion to suppress.
{¶ 36} In this case, the appellant entered a no contest plea to a
violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(h). The appellant accepted the facts that
were stated on the record as true. The pertinent parts of the transcript of the
change of plea hearing read as follows:
THE COURT: Do you want to give a brief recitation of the facts
in support of the no contest plea?
MS. REYNOLDS: Certainly, Your Honor. On October 25th of 2012,
the Defendant crashed on the property of Theresa Everson, which is
located on Everson Road, 367 Everson Road, in Dunham Township,
Washington County, Ohio. Deputy McConnell was called to the scene
by Ms. Everson, who was alerted to the Defendant being crashed
Washington App. No. 13CA10 20
because he came up to her property. He had crashed down into a
wooded area that borders her home. After the sheriff's department
investigated, made contact with him, he was taken in for breath testing
and tested .174 on the BAC DataMaster.
MS. LANDAKER: Yeah, I believe he was wandering around, and
eventually when the officer showed up, he approached the car with his
hands in the air, and that's how the initial contact happened.
THE COURT: Yes, much more came out during-
MS. LANDAKER: During the Motion to Suppress, yeah.
THE COURT: -the Motion to Suppress, I believe, if I recall right,
there were little dogs that alerted her with barking and everything else.
She called 911, the odor of alcohol, and the hood was warm, and the
real question is, whether or not the operation was within three hours
of the breath test.
MS. LANDAKER: That's correct.
THE COURT: And that will all be explored. The Court does find
the statement is adequate to support the no contest.
***
{¶ 37} Our standard of review of a trial court's decision on a motion
to suppress presents a mixed question of law and fact. State v. Burnside, 100
Washington App. No. 13CA10 21
Ohio St.3d 152, 2003-Ohio-5372, 797 N.E.2d 71, ¶ 8. When considering a
motion to suppress, the trial court acts as the trier of fact and is in the best
position to resolve factual questions and evaluate witness credibility. Id.
Accordingly, we must accept the trial court's findings of fact if they are
supported by competent credible evidence. Id. Therefore, accepting those
facts as true, we must "independently determine, without deference to the
conclusion of the trial court, whether the facts satisfy the applicable legal
standard." Id.
{¶ 38} "R.C. 4511.19(D)(1)(b) provides that the court may admit
evidence as shown by a chemical analysis of a bodily substance 'withdrawn
within three hours of the time of the alleged violation.' The rationale for this
requirement is to have a sample closely related in time as (circumstantial)
evidence of the concentration at the time of operation. If the sample is taken
within that time, no expert testimony is required to relate back to the time of
operation. A later test may still be admissible with expert testimony to
calculate, by retrograde extrapolation, the concentration at the time of
operation. Newark v. Lucas, 40 Ohio St.3d 100, 532 N.E.2d 130 (1988);
State v. Hassler, 115 Ohio St.3d 322, 875 N.E.2d 46 (2007). Thus, the
reason for the rule is the relevance and reliability of the chemical test result."
Washington App. No. 13CA10 22
State v. Crace, 168 Ohio Misc.2d 13, 2012-Ohio-2090, 968 N.E.2d 76, ¶ 10
(M.C.).
{¶ 39} "'The state has the burden to establish that the test was done
in accordance with established law to the extent the defendant takes issue
with its legality.'” State v. Mausling, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2005-G-2626,
2006-Ohio-1270, ¶ 33, fn.3, State v. Golec, 11th Dist. No.1977, 1989 Ohio
App. LEXIS 873, * 4-5, (Mar. 17, 1989), in turn citing State v. Gasser, 5
Ohio App.3d 217, 451 N.E.2d 249 (3rd Dist. 1980).
{¶ 40} Here, Ruppert challenged the State's compliance with the
three-hour requirement in his motion to suppress.
{¶ 41} It is difficult to find that competent credible evidence existed
in this case demonstrating the State's compliance with the three-hour
requirement. On cross-examination, the arresting officer, Deputy Sheriff
Jeremiah Keith McConnell, was questioned about the time of the occurrence
of the accident. Deputy McConnell testified that he was dispatched at 5:56
a.m. to Theresa Ann Everson's home because of a suspicious male around
the house. The transcript of the hearing on the motion to suppress reads as
follows:
Q. [Appellant's attorney] Okay. And again, you have no idea what
time the accident actually occurred, correct?
Washington App. No. 13CA10 23
A. [Deputy McConnell] Correct.
{¶ 42} In addition, Ms. Everson, testified that she was "just kind of
guessing" when she was asked if she ever looked at a clock or if she was just
guessing about the times. Ms. Everson testified that she was not real sure
what time she saw the appellant standing out by her building. Ms. Everson
did not testify regarding the time of the last operation of appellant's vehicle.
{¶ 43} The State of Ohio's last witness, Deputy Kevin Carr, was the
officer who administered the breath test. Deputy Carr testified that he
administered the breath test at 8:15 a.m. Deputy Carr provided no testimony
regarding the time of the last operation of appellant's vehicle. Since the
breath test was administered at 8:15 a.m., the last operation of the vehicle by
appellant had to have been 5:15 a.m. or after.
{¶ 44} The principal opinion cites to State v. Fowler, 2nd Dist. Clark
No. 99-CA-57, 2000 WL 353150 (Apr. 7, 2000). In Fowler, the Second
District Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment of conviction. However,
this case is distinguishable from Fowler in that four other persons were
involved in the Fowler crash. Those persons stated that the crash occurred
at 4:35 p.m. The Fowler accident occurred on a busy road and any accident
would have been reported within a short period of time. In addition, Ms.
Washington App. No. 13CA10 24
Fowler was found in the vehicle blocking traffic at the scene of the crash by
the arresting officer.
{¶ 45} The principal opinion also relies upon this Court's decision in
State v. Shaffer, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 01CA21, 2002-Ohio-4167. In
Shaffer, this Court affirmed the decision of the trial court denying Ms.
Shaffer's motion to suppress. However, Shaffer is also distinguishable from
this case. In Shaffer, Ms. Shaffer actually called 911 herself after she had
collided with a tractor trailer. Ms. Shaffer had signed a voluntary statement
also. In that statement, Ms. Shaffer stated that "* * * [t]here was smoke and
I feared that the car was on fire in the engine. I pulled Amanda out of the
driver's side and laid her on the ground. I called 911 from my cell phone
and waited for help." Id. at ¶ 7. The 911 call was received at 2:11 a.m. and
the breath test was administered at 3:18 a.m. Id. at ¶ 10. This Court found
that "the trial court could properly infer from appellant's own statement that
she notified the authorities very shortly after the accident occurred." Id. at ¶
23.
{¶ 46} In this case, the appellant was involved in a single car crash in
a wooded area with no passenger and no witnesses to the accident. Ms.
Everson called 911 to report the suspicious male walking around her
property, not to report a car accident. It is unknown how long appellant was
Washington App. No. 13CA10 25
walking around before the Everson's dogs began barking. Upon the arrival
of Deputy McConnell, the disoriented and confused appellant was not in his
vehicle; rather, he was staggering around Ms. Everson's property. These
facts are very different from those in the Fowler and Shaffer cases; and it
cannot be said that the evidence affirmatively establishes that the
Breathalyzer test was administered within the three-hour time period.
{¶ 47} Because I would sustain the appellant's first assignment of
error, I would find appellant's second assignment of error moot. I would
reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand for proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
Washington App. No. 13CA10 26
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT BE AFFIRMED and that costs be assessed to
Appellant.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Marietta
Municipal Court to carry this judgment into execution.
IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE UPON BAIL
HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL COURT OR THIS COURT, it
is temporarily continued for a period not to exceed sixty days upon the bail previously
posted. The purpose of a continued stay is to allow Appellant to file with the Supreme
Court of Ohio an application for a stay during the pendency of proceedings in that court.
If a stay is continued by this entry, it will terminate at the earlier of the expiration of the
sixty day period, or the failure of the Appellant to file a notice of appeal with the
Supreme Court of Ohio in the forty-five day appeal period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of
the Rules of Practice of the Supreme Court of Ohio. Additionally, if the Supreme Court
of Ohio dismisses the appeal prior to expiration of sixty days, the stay will terminate as of
the date of such dismissal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Harsha, J.: Concurs in Judgment Only as to Assignment of Error I; Concurs in
Judgment and Opinion as to Assignment of Error II.
Hoover, J: Dissents with Dissenting Opinion.
For the Court,
BY: _________________________
Matthew W. McFarland
Presiding Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment
entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with
the clerk.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
Effects upon Radiant Intensity Measurements Due to Scattering by Optical Elements.
Measurements to determine the radiance of one portion of a nonuniform source can be strongly influenced by radiation from other portions of the source scattered by the optical system used to transmit the radiation to the detector. Conditions under which such scattering is important and procedures to correct for it are discussed. An illustration is provided from measurements made on a nitrogen arc source.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Five questions for Tennessee basketball
It seems like just yesterday Kentucky was cutting down the nets in New Orleans after winning the NCAA men’s basketball championship, but the season has suddenly rolled around again.
Practice begins on Friday, so it’s a good time to take a serious look at Tennessee, which missed the NCAA tournament for the first time in six years last season under first-year coach Cuonzo Martin but appears capable of making the Big Dance field again next March, provided the following questions are answered in the affirmative:
• Is point guard Trae Golden ready to take his game to another level?
If the answer to this question is yes, the Vols, too, can ascend to another level. Golden was inconsistent on both ends of the floor last season, but in fairness to him, his role had dramatically changed. His playing time was sporadic as a freshman, so it was his first time making major contributions. And he was doing it for a new coach and learning a new system.
Some have questioned Golden’s toughness, shot selection, defense … but when he’s good, he’s a great straight-ahead passer, can score on the drive or with a reliable 3-point stroke and can take over games. Golden can score 25 points one night and hand out 10 assists the next, but he needs to become more consistent at penetrating and finding open shooters, and he needs to be more of a disruptive defensive presence at the point of the opponent’s attack.
Typically, when a coach who utilizes the five-man motion takes over a new program, his players struggle for a good half season before they finally get the hang of the all the cutting, screening and passing principles. By season’s end, though, the offense begins to produce more scoring opportunities, and the team’s scoring average and shooting percentages increase while their turnovers decrease.
Looking back at Tennessee a year ago, that’s exactly what happened.
In year two of the motion, players are usually even more comfortable, new wrinkles are introduced by the coaching staff and offensive efficiency takes another couple of strides forward.
Tennessee has an added advantage of having conducted 10 practices and played four games in Italy in August. Golden thinks the Vols’ motion will be significantly better than a year ago.
“Everybody has grown up and is more mature,” Golden said. “Our new guys are very smart. We understand [the motion] better now. We understand the cuts. We’re not as stagnant and people are moving. Everybody knows their roles.”
The offshoot of this familiarity, the Tennessee staff hopes, is fewer turnovers and more open looks, which should translate into more made perimeter shots.
• Will Jarnell Stokes crush people in the paint?
The sophomore who was such a revelation as a mid-semester freshman last season will be given freedom to take advantage of his well-rounded offensive game. In other words, he’ll have the green light to take face-up jump shots, even out to 3-point range. But at 6-foot-8 and a newly sculpted 267 pounds, Stokes will also be asked to dominate in the low post.
Everyone who has seen Stokes up close—Martin and his staff; Florida’s Billy Donovan, Gonzaga’s Mark Few and VCU’s Shaka Smart, all of whom served as coaches for the USA U18 team Stokes played on this summer—believe the big man can bury opponents and dunk over them, provide he puts his mind to it.
Would it be too much to think Stokes could average 15 points and eight boards in what will be his first full season? No it wouldn’t.
• Can Jeronne Maymon produce even more than he did last year?
Considering he underwent surgery on both knees after last season, it’s safe to assume that what Maymon accomplished—remember his 32-point, 20-rebound performance against Memphis, or his 19 boards against Auburn?—was done at less than 100 percent.
Was the surgery successful? That’s a big key, and so far, the Tennessee coaches have exercised caution with Maymon, who could be the best rebounder in the Southeastern Conference. If he’s ready to rumble and Stokes’ development continues, Tennessee could lead the SEC in field-goal percentage and rebound margin. And if the Vols do that, they’ll win enough games to make that return to the NCAAs a certainty.
• Can a newcomer step forward, and if so, who will it be?
By all accounts, 6-6 junior college transfer D’Montre Edwards has the best chance of starting. He’s long, loves to rebound and can make shots. But 6-5 freshman Armani Moore may be the most important newcomer, because he’s proven he can play the point.
Last year, when Martin had to rest Golden, the Vols’ offense struggled. Tennessee’s springtime recruiting priority was to find a backup point. Like Edwards, Moore is rangy. He’s good in the open floor and he can get into the lane and score, or find open shooters.
If Moore can provide 10-12 solid minutes a game and Golden has to play only 28-30, the latter will be much more effective. And if he’s more effective, well, see question No. 1 above.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Stephen Fishbach was the runner-up on Survivor: Tocantins and has been blogging about Survivor strategy for PEOPLE since 2009. This season, he will blog about his experiences in Cambodia as a competitor on Survivor: Second Chance. Follow Stephen on Twitter @stephenfishbach.
"It’s about winning the war. It’s not about winning the battles." –Peih-Gee Law, Survivor: China
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Julius Caesar wrote, “Fortune can bring about great changes in a situation through very slight forces.”
He was talking about war – and about life – but those words ring equally true for Survivor. You grab the green-colored woven Cambodian box instead of the pink and suddenly everything is different.
We are all fortune’s fools on Survivor – at the mercy of the television gods for the people we’re competing against, for the food we find, even for the weather that buffets us at night. The right immunity challenge when you need it most can be the difference between reality TV greatness and irrelevance. Witness poor purple Tyler from Worlds Apart. What happens to our narrative of the entire season if he wins a memory challenge at the final seven instead of losing an endurance competition?
Small injuries can bring down entire alliances. That’s why it’s so important to be careful with your chopping! You scrape your hands building the shelter, your tribe narrowly loses immunity and suddenly you’re cooling your heels at Ponderosa, your best moments confined to the YouTube secret scenes.
Nowhere is the topsy-turvy impact of chance so apparent as at the Survivor swap. I used to hate the swap, the way it could unravel all of a player’s hard work and planning, but now as a viewer – and, hell, as a competitor – I recognize that the swap creates a thrilling upheaval, keeps the stable predictability that contestants like me struggle to establish from ossifying the entire season.
Spin the wheel of fortune, and find yourself at the mercy of your enemies Joe and Savage, or secure amongst your friends Jeremy and Kimmi and Spencer.
Tyson Apostol on Blood vs. Water chose last at his swap and at the rock draw. He placed himself at the mercy of the Survivor gods, and they rewarded his humility. Ciera and I imitated him this season: Ciera elected to choose the last box for the women, and I chose the last one for the men.
We both lucked out. I couldn’t believe my good fortune to wind up on a tribe in the majority alliance and with people I legitimately liked. I’ll also admit a little schadenfreude: I was thrilled to see Savage head out to Camp Suck.
I could hardly wipe the manic grin off my face as we walked back to camp. Jeremy, Monica, Kimmi and I quickly affirmed our bond, and Spencer and I had a joyful hello. Best of all, finally my alliance and I could look for the immunity idol in earnest.
One thing TV doesn’t communicate is Survivor‘s level of uncertainty. Viewers at home know for sure there is an immunity idol in play; you also know that the clue was hidden in a tree. But while we spent hours every day hunting under every rock or branch, we couldn’t be certain there even was an idol – or if there was one, where it would be hidden. Would it be buried underground? High in a tree? Would it be obvious or obscure? At Bayon beach, every tree looked significant; every cluster of water-carved rocks held a thousand little hiding places.
On recent seasons, idol clues have been hidden in rewards, so we turned every reward we won inside-out. At Bayon, whenever we brought a reward back to camp, the savvier tribe members would eye each other warily, waiting to see who pounced first.
Tasha and I dug deep into a bag of coal once while the rest of our tribe was off gathering food, then quickly washed off the black dust before anybody noticed.
Of course, there’s also the possibility that you’re climbing trees and getting devoured by rabid mosquitos while somebody else has already found it.
It was fun to be in the tribe majority. Spencer and Wiglesworth threw each under the bus – or, I guess in the new idiom of our times, kicked each other there. Both of them insisted they were at the very bottom of their tribes with no commitments to anybody. (Spencer, we saw last week, was telling the truth.)
Spencer was more baldly strategic in his attempts to integrate himself with our Bayon foursome. Wiglesworth took the classic old-school approach. She never spoke strategy at all but rather worked hard around camp – went clam hunting with Kimmi out among the tidal rocks, sliced coconuts with the practiced arm of a seasoned outdoorsman. It was a wonder to watch her spring into action when she saw that scorpion: she grabbed the machete and cleaved the pale monster in two before the rest of us even recognized it.
At Bayon, we felt that our new tribe probably had the most even strength spread across our six members – but that Ta Keo had the challenge advantage. Survivor challenges favor specialists (though not, to be clear, The Specialist). Because the challenges are often done in stages – a physical part then a puzzle part – you’re better served to field a carnival of oddball experts than a squad of generalists. On Ta Keo, Terry is strong, Keith is a master at balls and knots, and while Ciera and Kass may be small, they’re both superb puzzlers. Joe is a Survivor freak, probably created by Mark Burnett in a secret laboratory to dominate challenges, build camp and flip his hair.
I’m not sure I love Wentworth’s decision to tell everybody on Ta Keo that Terry was idol hunting. If I’m in the power position on that tribe, I’d probably be more inclined to throw votes at the person who I don’t think has the idol than the one I do. (That said, I doubt Wentworth’s work at building bonds with her new Bayon masters began and ended with Terry talk.) Terry, on the other hand, is just sitting back and being awesome. In some ways, their strategies on Ta Keo mirror Spencer’s and Wiglesworth’s new school/old school split on Bayon.
We weren’t surprised that Ta Keo won the first Immunity. In fact, Bayon only came in second by unabashedly copying their puzzle. We had the advantage – fortune once again at play! – to be placed between the other two tribes, so we could see the Ta Keo puzzle much better than could Angkor. Wigles and I shouted orders to Spencer and Jeremy from the mat. It’s not cheating if it’s not against the rules!
The challenge that day was brutally hot – that’s something else that TV doesn’t capture. Kimmi almost passed out afterwards, and we were all a little loopy and sun-drunk when Varner exploded. Has anything like that ever happened before – an entire tribe just falling apart in full view of everybody?
RELATED VIDEO: Survivor‘s Jeff Varner Sounds Off on the Other Contestants
But the Angkor meltdown wasn’t just “crazy people being crazy.” Remember their conditions. Having to build shelter and establish a camp is tough on day one with 10 people at work. A week into Survivor, when you’re malnourished and baking in the blazing sun, it’s brutal. Savage was the biggest guy on their tribe, and his hands had just been lacerated at the previous immunity challenge. Hot tempers were running particularly hot that day.
It’s a tribute to the full insanity of the Angkor tribe that Varner didn’t go home. And of course it’s a tribute to Tasha and Savage. There’s a lot of luck on Survivor – but you also have to make your luck work for you. The Fishy goes to Tasha and Savage for brilliantly playing a tribe of erratic people off against each other.
Of course, Abi also deserves credit for Peih-Gee’s ouster. My favorite of Abi’s qualities is that she constantly asserts how loyal she is. Yet she has betrayed every single alliance she’s been a part of – sometimes the same alliance multiple times. She seems almost predisposed to prefer the sweet nothings her opposition is whispering to her – like an insecure lover who cheats first because she’s afraid of getting cheated on.
“There is a divinity that shapes our ends, rough-hew them how we will,” says Hamlet. On Survivor, we call our divinity Jeff Probst.
And on Angkor, there is no hewing Abi-Maria.
RELATED VIDEO: Get a Tour of Survivor Host Jeff Probst’s ‘Spectacular’ Pad
Survivor: Second Chance
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package org.apache.accumulo.core.client.replication;
/**
* The peer already exists
*/
public class PeerNotFoundException extends Exception {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public PeerNotFoundException(String peer) {
this(peer, (String) null);
}
public PeerNotFoundException(String peer, String message) {
super("Peer '" + peer + "' not found " + (message == null || message.isEmpty() ? "" : message));
}
public PeerNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
public PeerNotFoundException(String peer, String message, Throwable cause) {
super("Peer '" + peer + "' not found " + message, cause);
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Is it too late to take credit for this?
Peter Keohane
05/11/2001 02:35 PM
To: James Derrick/Enron@EnronXGate, Mark E Haedicke/HOU/ECT@ECT, Richard B
Sanders/HOU/ECT@ECT
cc: Mark Taylor/HOU/ECT@ECT, Greg Johnston/CAL/ECT@ECT
Subject: Litigation Counsel Approval - Lakeside Packers
FYI, following-up on this matter, after discussing the matter with their
counsel and confronted with a $3.5MM lawsuit, Lakeside acknowledged the deal
and executed our paper. Regards, Peter.
---------------------- Forwarded by Peter Keohane/CAL/ECT on 05/11/2001 01:25
PM ---------------------------
Enron Capital & Trade Resources
Canada Corp.
From: Peter Keohane 04/30/2001 10:26 AM
To: James Derrick/Enron@EnronXGate, Mark E Haedicke/HOU/ECT@ECT, Richard B
Sanders/HOU/ECT@ECT
cc: Mark Taylor/HOU/ECT@ECT, Greg Johnston/CAL/ECT@ECT, Sharon
Crawford/CAL/ECT@ECT
Subject: Litigation Counsel Approval - Lakeside Packers
We have a counterparty (Lakeside Packers) who refuses to perform to a 5 year
fixed for floating power swap which commenced Jan. 01 and is C$2.5MM
(US$1.7MM) in the money to us and booked (we would take a hit to earnings by
that amount to unwind the deal). Unfortunately, without the involvement of
Legal, the deal was executed without paper, but on the basis that it was
subject to our standard ISDA documentation. The Confirm was sent out on that
basis but not executed by the counterparty. There was some agreement on
guarantee support, but as this was less clear to get the underlying deal put
in place, with the approval of Credit, we gave up the requirement for the
guarantee in our subsequent discussions and demand letter.
We want to pursue the matter by commencing litigation.
Lakeside is traditionally represented by Blakes.
My suggestion would be to use the Duncan McCachen firm, a litigation boutique
who we have used in the past (CIBC litigation). Mike McCachen has a good
understanding of the trading business for a litigation lawyer.
Alternatively, I would suggest Clarke Hunter of Macleod Dixon who is
currently representing us on the NGX litigation and who also has a good
understanding of out trading business. Mike is a little more aggressive than
Clarke, to my preference.
We would like to proceed as soon as possible as our demand letter expired
last week, and our calls this morning were not dealt with satisfactorily.
Peter.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
}
|
<?php
namespace Pimcore\Tests\Cache\Adapter\SymfonyProxy;
use Cache\IntegrationTests\TaggableCachePoolTest;
use Pimcore\Cache\Pool\PimcoreCacheItemPoolInterface;
use Pimcore\Tests\Cache\Factory;
use Pimcore\Tests\Cache\Pool\SymfonyProxy\Traits\SymfonyProxyTestTrait;
use Pimcore\Tests\Cache\Pool\Traits\CacheItemPoolTestTrait;
/**
* @group cache.core.array
*/
class TaggableArrayAdapterProxyTest extends TaggableCachePoolTest
{
use SymfonyProxyTestTrait;
use CacheItemPoolTestTrait;
protected $skippedTests = [
'testPreviousTag' => 'Previous tags are not loaded for performance reasons.',
'testPreviousTagDeferred' => 'Previous tags are not loaded for performance reasons.',
'testTagAccessorDuplicateTags' => 'Previous tags are not loaded for performance reasons.',
];
/**
* @return PimcoreCacheItemPoolInterface
*/
protected function buildCachePool()
{
return (new Factory())->createArrayAdapterProxyItemPool($this->defaultLifetime);
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Job offer @ Queen Elisabeth Music Chapel
October 22, 2015
Supporting the Head of Artistic Department
Function description: The person will be supporting the Head of Artistic Department carrying out a wide variety of administrative duties. This position requires a high level of motivation, flexibility, availability and an ability to work without supervision.
The responsibilites consist of :
Scheduling lessons, rehearsals, etc., & also coordinating between the teaching staff & students
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Independent actions on cyclin-dependent kinases and aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediate the antiproliferative effects of indirubins.
Indirubin, a bis-indole obtained from various natural sources, is responsible for the reported antileukemia activity of a Chinese Medicinal recipe, Danggui Longhui Wan. However, its molecular mechanism of action is still not well understood. In addition to inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases and glycogen synthase kinase-3, indirubins have been reported to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a cotranscriptional factor. Here, we confirm the interaction of AhR and indirubin using a series of indirubin derivatives and show that their binding modes to AhR and to protein kinases are unrelated. As reported for other AhR ligands, binding of indirubins to AhR leads to its nuclear translocation. Furthermore, the apparent survival of AhR-/- and +/+ cells, as measured by the MTT assay, is equally sensitive to the kinase-inhibiting indirubins. Thus, the cytotoxic effects of indirubins are AhR-independent and more likely to be linked to protein kinase inhibition. In contrast, a dramatic cytostatic effect, as measured by actual cell counts and associated with a sharp G1 phase arrest, is induced by 1-methyl-indirubins, a subfamily of AhR-active but kinase-inactive indirubins. As shown for TCDD (dioxin), this effect appears to be mediated through the AhR-dependent expression of p27(KIP1). Altogether these results suggest that AhR activation, rather than kinase inhibition, is responsible for the cytostatic effects of some indirubins. In contrast, kinase inhibition, rather than AhR activation, represents the main mechanism underlying the cytotoxic properties of this class of promising antitumor molecules.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
2013 Form W-9 Released by the IRS
The IRS has released a new Form W-9 with updates for 2013. The form is used to provide a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) to someone who needs to file an information return with the IRS to report one of the following:
income paid to you
real estate transactions
mortgage interest you paid
acquisition or abandonment of secured property
cancellation of debt
contributions made to an IRA
For an individual, this would be a Social Security Number. For a business, this would be an Employer Identification Number.
Form W-9 Revisions
As of August 2013, Form W-9 has been revised. Below is a list of changes to make sure you are away of. You should begin using the new form right away.
The “Purpose of Form” section now contains references to payments made in settlement of payment card and third party network transactions.
Also under “Purpose of Form”, What is FATCA reporting? explains the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act requiring a participating foreign financial institution to report all US account holders that are specified US persons. Certain payees are exempt from FATCA reporting, and the Form W-9 instructions have been expanded to include the list of exemptions from FATCA.
The “Certification” section of Form W-9 has been revised to address the exemption from FATCA reporting.
he customer support team is cooperative, attentive, and can speak on my level. They can be creative in developing solutions to issues whether major or minor. I have and will continue to recommend OSI to any person that will listen.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
// give it a tarball and a path, and it'll dump the contents
module.exports = Extract
var tar = require("../tar.js")
, fstream = require("fstream")
, inherits = require("inherits")
, path = require("path")
function Extract (opts) {
if (!(this instanceof Extract)) return new Extract(opts)
tar.Parse.apply(this)
if (typeof opts !== "object") {
opts = { path: opts }
}
// better to drop in cwd? seems more standard.
opts.path = opts.path || path.resolve("node-tar-extract")
opts.type = "Directory"
opts.Directory = true
// similar to --strip or --strip-components
opts.strip = +opts.strip
if (!opts.strip || opts.strip <= 0) opts.strip = 0
this._fst = fstream.Writer(opts)
this.pause()
var me = this
// Hardlinks in tarballs are relative to the root
// of the tarball. So, they need to be resolved against
// the target directory in order to be created properly.
me.on("entry", function (entry) {
// if there's a "strip" argument, then strip off that many
// path components.
if (opts.strip) {
var p = entry.path.split("/").slice(opts.strip).join("/")
entry.path = entry.props.path = p
if (entry.linkpath) {
var lp = entry.linkpath.split("/").slice(opts.strip).join("/")
entry.linkpath = entry.props.linkpath = lp
}
}
if (entry.type === "Link") {
entry.linkpath = entry.props.linkpath =
path.join(opts.path, path.join("/", entry.props.linkpath))
}
if (entry.type === "SymbolicLink") {
var dn = path.dirname(entry.path) || ""
var linkpath = entry.props.linkpath
var target = path.resolve(opts.path, dn, linkpath)
if (target.indexOf(opts.path) !== 0) {
linkpath = path.join(opts.path, path.join("/", linkpath))
}
entry.linkpath = entry.props.linkpath = linkpath
}
})
this._fst.on("ready", function () {
me.pipe(me._fst, { end: false })
me.resume()
})
this._fst.on('error', function(err) {
me.emit('error', err)
})
this._fst.on('drain', function() {
me.emit('drain')
})
// this._fst.on("end", function () {
// console.error("\nEEEE Extract End", me._fst.path)
// })
this._fst.on("close", function () {
// console.error("\nEEEE Extract End", me._fst.path)
me.emit("finish")
me.emit("end")
me.emit("close")
})
}
inherits(Extract, tar.Parse)
Extract.prototype._streamEnd = function () {
var me = this
if (!me._ended || me._entry) me.error("unexpected eof")
me._fst.end()
// my .end() is coming later.
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
[Surgical treatment of major obesity by biliopancreatic bypass: our experience].
The Authors report their experience in the surgical management of morbid obesity. The efficacy of the bilio-pancreatic by-pass, method created by Nicola Scopinaro in the 1976, is underlined. From November 1988, 41 patients affected by morbid obesity were treated with this method. Results obtained are comparable to those reported in literature, with important weight loss and decrease of the cardiovascular risk-factors.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Ron Thom
Ron Thom Renewal
Trent master planner Ron Thom and his team of designers, architects and engineers shaped Trent’s distinct identity through their bold work. From the harmony of original light fixtures, tables and chairs, to the stunning rubble aggregate of Bata Library and Champlain College, and the sweeping elegance of the Faryon Bridge, they left an extraordinary design and architectural legacy.
“The physical character of a university must reflect its philosophical idea….” Ron Thom, Letter, 1963
Thom was given the challenge of designing a campus that was “a place of aesthetic as well as of intellectual excitement.” The result was a visual and experiential masterpiece of mid-century modernism that continues to inspire alumni and students today.
Through careful investment, these remarkable buildings and furnishings will continue to attract students and stimulate aesthetic and intellectual engagement.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
A black bear startled a guest at a Days Inn and Suites in Gatlinburg, Tennessee. The bear toppled trash cans in search of food. The 'shaking' woman videotaped the bear and warned other guests. [Read More]
LOS ANGELES — Staples Center was abuzz with a playoff atmosphere as LeBron James made his Lakers ' home debut. L.A. Live and the downtown streets were packed, with a majority of the people seemingly wearing James' No... [Read More]
For the first time in Nocturne's 10-year history, an Indigenous artist, Raven Davis, curated the annual nighttime art festival. The Anishinaabe artist was chosen after the Halifax-based festival partnered with the Aboriginal Curatorial Collective. [Read More]
A 26-year-old mother from Del Paso Heights was found dead a few days after she was reported missing. Police say Candice DeAnda was reported missing under suspicious circumstances from her Branch Street home last Tuesday. Her body and car were found near her home. Officials arrested a person of interest on unrelated charges but have not released the identity yet. Neighbors say they were hoping DeAnda would be found. They say the young mother of two... [Read More]
The former NFL star who was found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder of his girlfriend and attempting to destroy their unborn child almost 20 years ago is set to be released from prison Monday. [Read More]
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Hybrid View
Flexlm target running fine in nodelocked but not with floating lic
Hello guys,
im stepping forward to study flexlm and handle my first target. Its flexlm 11.5 protected. Extracting features find the necessary subs was okay (took some time but hey im a noob^^)
After patching the app and the daemon:
The app runs fine with a local nodelocked license.
The daemon also accepts everything i feed to it.
If i force the app to load the lic (which is exactly the same as the nodelocked lic, with needed server lines etc. ofc) through the daemon it says me there is an inconsistence key...
It seems im missing something essential?!?!?
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
The 10 Best Restaurants In Utah
The state of Utah is an often overlooked gem in the American Southwest. Boasting five national parks and countless opportunities for world-class skiing, Utah’s access to adventure is unparalleled. Add to that a burgeoning restaurant scene, and we may have just found one of the most exciting travel destinations in the world. Having narrowed down a list of dozens of excellent establishments, we highlight the top ten restaurants in The Beehive State.
Forage
Forage could play ball with fine-dining restaurants in any bigger city. The upscale eatery took the Salt Lake dining scene by storm just a few short years ago, with its creativity and innovation – unmatched in the area. Forage offers a prix-fixe menu that changes often, utilizing ingredients at the peak of freshness. The chefs are dedicated to connecting people with their food, by buying as much from local farmers and purveyors as possible. The head chef has been known to forage (literally) the bounteous Wasatch Mountains for wild herbs, leaves, and flowers that he uses in his dishes. Reservations are highly recommended.
Takashi
Takashi brings world-class sushi and Japanese cuisine to Salt Lake City. Though Utah is entirely landlocked, the chefs manage to serve only the highest-quality seafood. The menu is extensive, offering a variety of options like traditional maki rolls, nigiri, and sashimi. Takashi also offers several cooked entrees, to accommodate diners who may be squeamish about consuming raw fish. Fan favorites include the shiitake lamb shank in yellow curry, the wok-tossed asparagus with glass noodles, and the lightly fried vegetable tempura. One of the most popular sushi rolls is the Strawberry Fields, consisting of escolar, strawberry, and chili peppers, with toasted almonds and eel sauce.
Riverhorse on Main
Riverhorse on Main has become a well-respected mainstay in the Park City dining scene. In the last two decades, Riverhorse has received numerous prestigious accolades, both locally and nationally. The restaurant blends the friendliness of Park City’s small-town main street, with a decidedly urban, swanky feel. High-quality steaks and fresh fish dishes are a highlight on the menu, with local game like buffalo, venison, and elk also appearing as popular dishes. The restaurant is open daily for dinner and also for a delightful Sunday brunch. Riverhorse graciously offers to accommodate food allergies and dietary needs, making this a destination for any diner to enjoy.
Valter’s Osteria
Restaurant, Italian, $$$
A relative new-comer to Salt Lake’s downtown restaurant scene, Valter’s Osteria is full of Italian charm. The owner, and restaurant’s namesake, is familiar to local diners, having worked in other fine restaurants nearby. He modeled Valter’s as a place to welcome guests to his Tuscan heritage, service, and cuisine, and often personally visits each table. The result is an experience that is warm and memorable. The menu offers both Tuscan classics and updated traditional fare. Pastas and gnocchi are made in-house, and meats and seafood are selected and prepared perfectly.
Copper Onion
Since opening in 2010, Copper Onion’s popularity has exploded. Locals flock to this contemporary American locale, making the atmosphere lively and always upbeat. The menu is intentionally small, seasonally driven and expertly crafted. The Copper Onion’s interior is chic and open, with uncomplicated decor and neutral, soothing tones. An outdoor patio provides an ideal place to people-watch in the summer months. The menu offers small plates of vegetables, fine meats, and cheeses, designed to be shared. Favorites include ricotta dumplings, with thyme, lemon, and sage, and Wagyu beef stroganoff, on a bed of house-made pappardelle pasta.
Painted Pony
Restaurant, American, $$$
Embracing the influences of the southwest, Painted Pony upgrades local flavors and styles with sophistication. The restaurant is located in the St. George, the southernmost city in Utah, in an area that is characterized by red sandstone canyons, and a stunning desert landscape. The decor of Painted Pony perfectly marries contemporary, clean lines with rugged warmth. Dishes like sage-smoked quail and pork chops brined with juniper berries showcase the unique flavors that are available in the region. Painted Pony’s upscale atmosphere, impeccable food, and extensive wine list make this a must-stop destination in Southern Utah.
Hell’s Backbone Grill
Restaurant, American, Contemporary, Vegetarian, $$$
Hell’s Backbone Grill is definitely off the beaten path, but it is nonetheless worth the trip. The restaurant’s location right in the middle of sprawling national parks and rustic wilderness is part of the overall charm. Hell’s Backbone grill serves organic food from local sources, often taking fresh produce straight from its six-acre farm, with two gardens on sight. The restaurant is committed to sustainability on many levels, and proudly supports a number of non-profit organizations. When it comes right down to it, the excellent food is really what puts Hell’s Backbone on the map. For breakfast, try the blue corn pancakes, and for dinner, don’t miss the steelhead trout with tarragon butter.
Looks like it's closedHours or services may be impacted due to Covid-19
Log Haven
Nestled in the verdant, picturesque Millcreek Canyon, Log Haven serves American fare in a setting that exudes romance. The estate was originally built as a vacation home in the 1920s and has changed hands – and been added to -several times since. The result is a restaurant that feels effortlessly homey, with an ideal ambiance for any special occasion. Log Haven’s dining room has sweeping views of the Wasatch National Forest and the outdoor lawn has become a local favorite for summer weddings. Open only for dinner, the menu offers classics like steak, salmon and duck, with surprising dishes like grilled bison steak, and elk carpaccio. For an excellent meal set in the heart of some of Utah’s most beautiful mountains, Log Haven is not to be missed.
Communal
In a town that isn’t otherwise known for creativity or going against the grain, Communal has certainly made its mark. The restaurant is located in Provo, just 45 minutes south of Utah’s capital. Communal touts a fresh-from-the-farm menu, with plenty of creativity and flair. Developing a sense of community is of the utmost importance, and the restaurant works hard to build relationships with local purveyors and with their customers. An immense amount of thought and soul goes into crafting memorable dishes and experiences at Communal. The restaurant is open for lunch, dinner, and Saturday brunch, and is just as welcoming and unpretentious as it can be.
The Tree Room
Restaurant, American, Gluten-free, Vegetarian, $$$
Another long-standing establishment in Utah’s restaurant scene is the Tree Room. Situated amid majestic mountains at the base of Sundance ski resort, the Tree Room is the epitome of rustic beauty. The restaurant is like an upscale log cabin, with cozy fireplaces, live trees growing up through the floorboards, and Native American blankets and art adorning the walls. Priding itself on sustainable, organic, and local fare, the menu serves updated American dishes, with a distinctively western vibe. Trout amandine is served with pickled turnip and haricot verts, and the beet salad features a burnt rosemary panna cotta. The Tree Room truly is a unique and delicious Utah experience.
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The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for machining electrically resistant materials such as Mn--Zn ferrite by means of electric discharge in a dielectric fluid.
Workpieces made of metallic materials such as stainless steel, iron and aluminum have conventionally been worked into small shapes by performing electric discharge machining with a dielectric fluid placed between a discharge machining electrode (made of tungsten or a sintered hard alloy and used as negative electrode) and the workpiece (positive electrode). However, this conventional method has presented considerable difficulty in machining workpieces that are made of electrically resistant materials such as Mn--Zn ferrite. Non-conductive materials such as ceramics are worked electrically by a method generally known as "electrolytic discharge machining" and that is described in a prior art reference such as H. Tsuchiya, "Kikai Gijutsu (Machine Technology)", 32-12 (1984), p. 77. However, the electrolytic discharge machining method presents difficulty in handling since it customarily uses NaOH and other strong alkali fluids as electrolyte. With a view to solving this problem, a method that adopts arc discharge in a neutral salt electrolyte such as NaNO.sub.3 or NaCl has been proposed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. Sho. 63-229225. This method, however, is hardly suitable for practical applications since the consumption of the tool electrode is rapid and the precision of machining is low.
A Mn--Zn ferrite as a hard and brittle material can be worked by a cutting method but the applicability of this method is limited to machining the workpiece to simple shapes such as flat plate and a round bar. Ultrasonic machining can be applied using grain particles and this approach takes advantage of the brittle nature of the Mn--Zn ferrite. However, cracking tends to occur upon contact with the working tool and it has been difficult to machine the workpiece to a solid shape having a plate thickness of less than 0.5 mm. Further, the Mn--Zn ferrite has an intrinsic resistance of about 5 to 10 .OMEGA.cm and can hardly be worked by the conventional methods of electric discharge machining. Even if discharge machining proceeds to some extent, cracks will readily develop on account of thermal shock and commercially satisfactory working can hardly be accomplished.
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{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
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Q:
Saving list entry in multiple lists
I have 6 different but similar lists created on the same SharePoint 2010 site to collect information with my team. I would like to create a workflow that automatically duplicates list items as they are being created in one of the 6 individual lists into one master list on the same site. I've tried setting up a workflow to copy from the original list to the master list, but have not had success. Any help would be appreciated.
A:
the copy item requires to have both lists with the SAME field names and same amount of fields, if they are different you won't be able to copy the item.
if the field amount and names are different you should create a new item in the workflow and get the current item information
or, make all your lists and master list look the same.
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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Q:
How can I determine if page is being viewed through lightbox?
I have several sites I'm working on that are loading sub-pages via lightbox. The actual content is being found by Google, but the pages are hideous as they aren't meant to load all the headers and whatnot - this is content intended for lightbox delivery (ajax, fancybox).
In PHP, or javascript if necessary, how might I determine if the content is being viewed in a lightbox or not? Would be nice to throw up a "view the original page" link or something.
A:
lightbox like every other similar lib use AJAX for pulling content ... am not sure sure if you can detect if it is a standard jquery or moottools or lightbox because they all you the same technology
What you can do is detect if your page is been called via AJAX
function isAjax() {
return (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']=="XMLHttpRequest");
}
if(isAjax())
{
die("Don't Use AJAX");
}
else
{
echo "WELCOME" ;
}
A:
Lightboxes often use iframes to display external pages. If this is the case (you can inspect the Lightbox using Firebug to check this), you can use window.top on JavaScript to check this.
if (window.top.location != window.location) {
//this page is inside a frame or iframe
}
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Jon Lieber
Jonathan Ray Lieber (born April 2, 1970) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher. He stands tall and weighs . He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1994–1998), Chicago Cubs (1999–2002 and 2008), New York Yankees (2004), and Philadelphia Phillies (2005–2007). He batted left-handed and threw right-handed, and utilized a fastball, a slider, and a changeup for his pitches. In a 14-season career, Lieber compiled a 131–124 record with 1,553 strikeouts and a 4.27 ERA in 2,198 innings pitched.
Lieber attended the University of South Alabama, helping them win the Sun Belt Conference Championship. He was drafted by the Kansas City Royals in the second round of the 1992 Major League Baseball Draft, but he was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates the following season before even throwing a pitch in the major leagues. He made his debut in 1994 and was named the Pirates' Opening Day starter in 1995, but it was not until 1997 that he became a full-time major league starter. He was traded to the Chicago Cubs following the 1998 season. In 2000, he led the National League (NL) with 251 innings pitched. He had his best season in 2001, winning 20 games while losing just six. Lieber underwent Tommy John surgery in 2002 and missed the entire 2003 season. In 2004, he pitched for the New York Yankees, reaching the playoffs for the only time in his career. He signed with the Philadelphia Phillies in 2005 and tied for fifth in the NL with 17 wins. Injuries cut into his playing time over the next three years; he finished his career as a reliever with the Cubs in 2008.
Biography
Early life
Lieber was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa. He graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School in Council Bluffs in 1988. Lieber initially attended Iowa Western Community College in 1989 and 1990 before transferring to the University of South Alabama. Over the next two years, Lieber experienced great success for South Alabama. He posted 12–5 records for them both of his years there, and he led the team in earned run average (ERA) and strikeouts both years. He was selected by the Chicago Cubs in the ninth round of the 1991 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft, but he did not sign. In 1992, he helped South Alabama win the Sun Belt Conference Championship.
Lieber received several honors following his senior season. These included the Sun Belt Conference Player of the Year award, a third-team All-America selection by the American Baseball Coaches Association, an all-region award, and an all-league award (his second). In 2013, he was inducted into the Mobile Sports Hall of Fame. He was drafted by the Kansas City Royals in the second round of the 1992 draft, and this time, he signed.
Minor Leagues (1992–94)
Lieber began his professional career with the A short season Eugene Emeralds of the Northwest League. In five starts with the Emeralds, he had a 3–0 record, a 1.16 ERA, 23 strikeouts, 2 walks, and 26 hits allowed in 31 innings pitched. He also appeared in seven games (six starts) for the Baseball City Royals of the A-Advanced Florida State League, posting a 3–3 record, a 4.65 ERA, 19 strikeouts, eight walks, and 45 hits allowed in 31 innings pitched.
In 1993, the Royals switched their A-Advanced affiliate to the Wilmington Blue Rocks of the Carolina League. Lieber began the season with Wilmington, posting a 9–3 record, a 2.67 ERA, 89 strikeouts, nine walks, 125 hits allowed, and innings pitched in 17 games (16 starts). He was promoted to the AA Memphis Chicks of the Southern League on July 11, where he posted a 2–1 record and a 6.86 ERA in four starts. On July 31, seeking pitching help as they contended for the playoffs, the Royals traded Lieber and Dan Miceli to the Pittsburgh Pirates for their closer, Stan Belinda. The Pirates assigned Lieber to the Southern League's Carolina Mudcats; in six starts, he had a 4–2 record, a 3.97 ERA, 28 strikeouts, 10 walks, and 39 hits allowed in 34 innings pitched.
Lieber made three starts with the Mudcats in 1994, posting a 2–0 record, a 1.29 ERA, 21 strikeouts, two walks, and 13 hits allowed in 21 innings. He also made three starts for the Buffalo Bisons of the Triple-A American Association, posting a 1–1 record, a 1.69 ERA, 21 strikeouts, one walk, and 16 hits allowed in innings pitched.
Pittsburgh Pirates (1994–98)
Lieber was called up by the Pirates in May 1994 to join their starting rotation. In his first major league start on May 15, he gave up one run in six innings but took the loss as the Philadelphia Phillies defeated the Pirates 1–0. He earned his first career win five days later, pitching eight shutout innings in a 6–0 victory over the Montreal Expos. In 17 starts with the Pirates, Lieber had a 6–7 record, a 3.73 ERA, 71 strikeouts, 25 walks, and 116 hits allowed in innings.
Following Lieber's rookie season, Pirates' manager Jim Leyland named Lieber the team's Opening Day starter for 1995. Like many of the young Pirates' pitchers that year, Lieber struggled; he was optioned to the Calgary Cannons of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League on June 18 after going 2–7 with a 7.48 ERA. In 14 starts with Calgary, Lieber had a 1–5 record, a 7.01 ERA, 34 strikeouts, 19 walks, and 122 hits allowed in 77 innings pitched. He was recalled by the Pirates on September 5 when rosters expanded but was used mostly as a relief pitcher for the rest of the year. In 21 games (12 starts), Lieber compiled a 4–7 record, a 6.32 ERA, 45 strikeouts, 14 walks, and 103 hits allowed in innings pitched.
Lieber remained in the bullpen to begin the 1996 season. In his first 34 games, he posted a 4.21 ERA. In July, he returned to the starting rotation following the release of Zane Smith. As a starter, Lieber posted a 7–2 record with a 3.91 ERA, emerging as the Pirates' ace by the end of the year. In 51 games (15 starts) in 1996, Lieber posted a 9–5 record, a 3.99 ERA, 94 strikeouts, 28 walks, and 156 hits allowed in 142 innings pitched.
Lieber became the Pirates' Opening Day starter again in 1997. On June 30, he threw his only complete game of the year, striking out 10 while allowing one run on five hits in a 3–1 victory over the Chicago White Sox. Lieber was inconsistent in 1997, amassing several winning streaks and several losing streaks during the season. In 33 games (32 starts), he had an 11–14 record, a 4.49 ERA, 160 strikeouts, 51 walks, and 193 hits allowed in innings pitched. He was third in the NL in losses (behind Mark Leiter's 17 and teammate Steve Cooke's 15); however, he tied Mike Hampton for the most runs batted in by a major league pitcher with eight.
In 1998, Lieber was the Pirates' fourth starter. He had a 5–10 record over his first 17 starts, partly because he received 15 total runs of support in the losses over that time. Lieber had an 8–13 record with a 3.90 ERA before getting placed on the disabled list (DL) for the first time in his career on August 21 due to a left oblique muscle strain. He returned from the DL on September 15 but posted a 10.80 ERA over his last two starts. In 29 games (28 starts), Lieber posted an 8–14 record, a 4.11 ERA, 138 strikeouts, 40 walks, and 182 hits allowed in 171 innings pitched. He was tied with seven other pitchers for fifth in the league in losses. Following the season, Lieber was traded to the Chicago Cubs for Brant Brown.
Chicago Cubs (1999–2002)
Lieber began 1999 as the Cubs' third starter. Prior to the All-Star break, he had an 8–3 record with a 3.26 ERA (seventh-best in the NL). From April 29 to May 8, he was on the DL with a right eye contusion. He threw his first major league shutout on May 14, striking out seven in a 9–0 victory over the Atlanta Braves. Lieber went 0–8 with a 5.71 ERA in his first 13 starts following the All-Star Break before earning wins in his final two starts of the year. In 31 starts, Lieber compiled a 10–11 record, a 4.07 ERA, and 46 walks in innings pitched. He was tied for tenth in the league with 226 hits allowed (along with teammate Steve Trachsel), but he finished eighth in the league with 186 strikeouts and tied with six other players for ninth in the league with three complete games.
In 2000, Lieber was the Cubs' Opening Day starter. From June 28 to August 14, he won a career-high six consecutive decisions. On July 3, he threw a shutout, allowing two hits in a 3–0 victory over the Pirates. In his next start, on July 8, he had 12 strikeouts and threw a complete game in a 9–2 win over the White Sox. Lieber was 12–7 with a 4.12 ERA through his first 29 starts; however, he went 0–4 in September with a 5.88 ERA. In 35 starts (tied for the NL lead with Randy Johnson, Kevin Millwood, Tom Glavine, and Greg Maddux), Lieber had a 12–11 record, a 4.41 ERA, and 54 walks. He tied Darryl Kile for ninth in the league with 192 strikeouts, he led the league with 251 innings pitched, he ranked third in the league with 248 hits allowed (behind Liván Hernández's 254 and José Lima's 251), and he tied Maddux for third with six complete games (behind Johnson's and Curt Schilling's eight).
Lieber's most productive season came in 2001. On May 24, he one-hit the Cincinnati Reds, 3–0, ending the team's NL-record streak of 208 games in a row without being shut out, throwing just 78 pitches. From June 16 to July 15, he won six straight games. He was named an All-Star for the first and only time in his career. In his final start of the season on October 3, he allowed five runs in six innings but still earned his 20th win of the season as the Cubs beat the Reds 13–7. In 34 starts, Lieber recorded a career-high 20 victories to go with just six losses, posted a 3.80 ERA, and struck out 148 as opposed to 41 walks. His 20 wins ranked fourth in the league (behind Matt Morris's and Schilling's 22 and Johnson's 21), his innings pitched ranked fifth in the league, and his five complete games tied for second in the league with Javier Vázquez (behind Johnson's six). He finished fourth in the NL Cy Young Award vote, behind Johnson, Schilling, and Morris. Due to the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001 and the week-long break in the baseball season, Lieber became the first Cubs pitcher to start consecutive contests since Scott Sanderson on May 18 and May 20 of 1986.
Lieber's 2002 season was curtailed by right elbow problems, which plagued him all year. On August 1, facing the San Diego Padres, Lieber allowed two runs in seven innings but received a no-decision in an 8–7 Cubs' victory. He was placed on the DL with right elbow tendinitis the next day, and he underwent Tommy John surgery on August 8, ending his season. In 21 starts, Lieber compiled a 6–8 record, a 3.70 ERA, 87 strikeouts, 12 walks, and 153 hits allowed in 141 innings pitched. He still managed to tie Randy Wolf, Brett Tomko, Pedro Astacio, and teammate Matt Clement for tenth in the league with three complete games. After the season, he became a free agent.
While on the Cubs, Lieber became the only Major League pitcher to give up a hit to a one handed player when he gave up not just one hit, but two to Jim Abbott, also allowing Abbott to drive in three RBIs.
Other teams (2004–08)
Lieber signed a two-year contract with the New York Yankees following the 2002 season. He missed the 2003 season recovering from his injury, although he did make two minor league rehab appearances. Lieber began the 2004 season on the DL with a strained abductor muscle in his right thigh. He returned to the major leagues on May 1, allowing three runs in seven innings in a 12–4 victory over the Kansas City Royals. Through August 1, he had a 7–7 record with a 5.06 ERA. From then on, Lieber went 7–1 with a 3.21 ERA. On September 18, he took a no-hitter into the seventh inning against the Boston Red Sox and allowed three runs in innings in a 14–4 victory. In 27 starts, Lieber posted a 14–8 record, a 4.33 ERA, 102 strikeouts, 18 walks, and 216 hits allowed in innings pitched. His 14 wins tied with eight other pitchers for eighth in the American League (AL) and tied with Javier Vázquez for the most by a Yankee as well as being the largest win total by an ex-20 game winner returning from a full-season layoff since 1946.
Dave Caldwell of the New York Times wrote on September 3 that Lieber would "probably end up in the bullpen" in the playoffs, but less than a month later, Mark Feinsand of MLB.com wrote that Lieber "has suddenly become one of the most important cogs in the Yankees' postseason machine" due an injury to Kevin Brown and late-season struggles by Vázquez. Lieber started Game 2 of the AL Division Series against the Minnesota Twins. He allowed three runs over innings and was in line for the win, but he received a no-decision in a 12-inning, 7–6 Yankee victory. The Yankees won the series in four games. In Game 2 of the AL Championship Series against the Red Sox, Lieber allowed one run and three hits in seven innings, earning the win in a 3–1 victory. In Game 6, he allowed four runs in innings and took the loss in a 4–2 defeat. The Red Sox become the first MLB team in history to overcome a 3–0 series deficit, winning in seven games. 2004 would be Lieber's only playoff experience, as well as his only stint in the AL.
Before the 2005 season, Lieber signed as a free agent with the Philadelphia Phillies for three years and $24 million with a team option for the fourth year. He was named the Phillies' Opening Day starter in 2005. He won his first four starts with the team. From May 12 through June 30, Lieber had a 3–7 record and a 7.48 ERA. 8–8 by the end of that stretch, he managed to post a 9–5 record and a 3.32 ERA to finish the season. Lieber gave up one run in eight innings on July 21 but took the loss as the Los Angeles Dodgers defeated the Phillies 1–0. On September 22, he threw eight shutout innings in a 4–0 victory over the Braves. Lieber finished the season with a 17–13 record, a 4.20 ERA, 149 strikeouts, 41 walks, and 223 hits allowed in innings pitched. Lieber led the team with 17 wins, which tied with Andy Pettitte for fifth in the league. He tied with six other pitchers for the league lead with 35 starts.
Lieber lost his first four starts of the season in 2006 for the first time in his career. On May 13, he took a perfect game into the seventh inning against Cincinnati before allowing a two-out single to Adam Dunn; he threw scoreless innings in a 2–0 victory. He was on the DL from May 30 to July 6 with a groin injury. Before going on the DL, he had a 3–5 record and a 5.79 ERA. He posted a 6.75 ERA in his first five starts after returning from the DL, but he posted a 3.38 in his final 11 starts. On August 16, he threw his first shutout since 2001 against the New York Mets, allowing five hits in a 3–0 victory. In 27 starts, Lieber compiled a 9–11 record, a 4.93 ERA, 100 strikeouts, 24 walks, and 196 hits allowed in 168 innings pitched.
Lieber began 2007 on the DL with a strained right oblique, and when he was activated on April 9, he was placed in the bullpen. After two relief outings, he returned to the rotation on April 20 when Brett Myers was moved to the bullpen. On June 9, he struck out 11 and allowed three hits in a 4–0 shutout of the Royals. At the time, he was 3–4 with a 3.72 ERA, but he allowed 14 runs (13 earned) over his next two starts, both losses. On June 23, Lieber was placed on the DL with a ruptured tendon in his right foot, which ended his tenure with the Phillies. In 14 games (12 starts), he had a 3–6 record, a 4.73 ERA, 54 strikeouts, 22 walks, and 91 hits allowed in 78 innings. The Phillies reached the playoffs, but Lieber was left off their postseason roster because of his injury.
On January 16, 2008, Lieber signed a one-year contract with the Chicago Cubs. He competed for the starting rotation but failed to earn a spot and was placed in the bullpen as the Cubs' long reliever. From July 18 to September 1, he was on the DL with a right foot injury. He appeared in his final major league game on September 5, giving up four runs in two innings in a 10–2 loss to Cincinnati. In 26 games (one start), Lieber posted a 2–3 record, a 4.05 ERA, 27 strikeouts, six walks, and 59 hits allowed in innings pitched. The Cubs reached the playoffs, but Lieber was left off the playoff roster for the second year in a row.
Lieber retired after the 2008 season wanting to spend more time with his family. In his 14-year career, Lieber had a 131–124 record, a 4.27 ERA, 1,553 strikeouts, 422 walks, 2,388 hits allowed, and 2,198 innings pitched in 401 games (327 starts). His strikeout-to-walk ratio of 3.680 ranks 11th all-time among major league pitchers as of 2013.
Pitching style
Lieber threw three pitches: a fastball, a slider, and a changeup. The slider was the pitch Lieber often used to get outs and was most successful against right-handed batters. The changeup darted away from batters. Lieber was not a hard thrower (his fastball was in the low 90 mph range); he relied on controlling his pitches to have success.
Personal
Lieber married Jessica Conway on October 18, 1992. The couple has one daughter: Jillian (born October 22, 1997), and three sons: Jared (born July 27, 2000), Justin (born May 8, 2003), and Jonah (born June 1, 2007). They live in Mobile, Alabama. Lieber enjoys hunting as a hobby.
References
External links
Category:1970 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chicago Cubs players
Category:Major League Baseball pitchers
Category:Baseball players from Iowa
Category:National League All-Stars
Category:New York Yankees players
Category:Philadelphia Phillies players
Category:Pittsburgh Pirates players
Category:South Alabama Jaguars baseball players
Category:Eugene Emeralds players
Category:Baseball City Royals players
Category:Wilmington Blue Rocks players
Category:Memphis Chicks players
Category:Carolina Mudcats players
Category:Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Category:Calgary Cannons players
Category:Gulf Coast Yankees players
Category:Tampa Yankees players
Category:Gulf Coast Phillies players
Category:Clearwater Threshers players
Category:Arizona League Cubs players
Category:Peoria Chiefs players
Category:Sportspeople from Council Bluffs, Iowa
Category:Sportspeople from Mobile, Alabama
|
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|
The effects of feedback on focal epileptic discharges in man. A preliminary report.
The history of the control of epileptic disturbances by conditioning techniques is reviewed. The preliminary results of a three year trial of feedback techniques in 13 epileptic patients are presented. Thirteen epileptic patients (age 2.5 leads to 39 mean, 15.1 years) with lateralized focal discharges in the EEG were given repeated trials of feedback, the focal discharges being used to trigger auditory and somatosensory stimuli. Dosages and serum levels of medication were unchanged throughout the experimental period. The number of epileptic spikes per 15 seconds was assessed by automatic trend analysis during 20 to 30 minute control, biofeedback and post-feedback epochs. On-going EEG activity was quantified by 8 channel frequency analysis over 10 second epochs. The patients made efforts to increase and decrease the number of spike discharges with and without feedback and the results of both triggered and random auditory, somatosensory, photic and combined stimulation were compared at various intervals over a period of up to three years. A marked reduction in the number of focal discharges was noted in eight (61.5%) patients during and immediately following the sessions. Intermittent biofeedback sessions were not associated with a serial reduction in the number of focal EEG discharges. There was a reduction in the number of clinical epileptic disturbances in six patients (46%) and possible reasons for this improvement are discussed. One patient suffered an increase in focal temporal lobe discharges during triggered and random auditory stimulation whereas there was a marked reduction in the number of discharges during minimal electrical stimulation of the contralateral arm. The need for careful assessment of each patient to determine appropriate feedback stimulation is stressed. One aim of this research has been to assess the feasibility of using miniature units for continuous feedback of focal discharges in epileptic patients.
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{
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Esecuzione effettiva delle decisioni giudiziarie nell'Unione europea: la trasparenza del patrimonio del debitore (breve presentazione)
Presidente
L'ordine del giorno reca una breve presentazione della relazione presentata dall'onorevole Gill, a nome della commissione giuridica sull'esecuzione effettiva delle decisioni giudiziarie nell'Unione europea: la trasparenza del patrimonio del debitore.
Neena Gill
Signor Presidente, il documento consultivo della Commissione sul patrimonio del debitore cela la preoccupazione che il pagamento tardivo o il mancato pagamento dei debiti possano minare gli interessi delle imprese e dei consumatori. Questo è particolarmente vero quando il creditore e le autorità esecutive non dispongono di informazioni relative al luogo in cui si trovano il debitore o il suo patrimonio. Il problema può essere risolto qualora il debitore custodisca il proprio patrimonio all'interno dell'Unione e sia, di conseguenza, possibile rintracciarlo e intraprendere un'azione legale.
Nella sua relazione, la Commissione suggerisce l'approntamento di un manuale dei diritti e delle pratiche nazionali in tema di esecuzione e ha messo in evidenza la possibilità di migliorare l'accesso ai registri pubblici dello stato civile. La Commissione, inoltre, considera l'opportunità di facilitare l'accesso delle autorità preposte all'esecuzione ai registri dell'amministrazione fiscale e della scurezza sociale. La proposta prevedeva un miglioramento della cooperazione fra le autorità pubbliche preposte all'esecuzione, nonché, in ultima istanza, l'introduzione di una dichiarazione patrimoniale europea, possibilmente supportata da sanzioni, che obblighi i debitori a rendere noto tutto il loro patrimonio nello Spazio giudiziario europeo.
Nella mia relazione, così come è stata approvata dalla commissione, ritengo che i creditori potrebbero trarre vantaggio dall'introduzione di una procedura semplice e flessibile, che potrebbe rivelarsi efficace in tuta l'Unione europea, al fine di ottenere misure provvisorie nella forma di un'ordinanza di divulgazione delle informazioni relative al patrimonio che potrebbe formare oggetto di misure di esecuzione di una sentenza. Queste misure potrebbero assumere la forma di un'ordinanza di pagamento intermedio, che garantirebbe al creditore il pagamento immediato in attesa della risoluzione della controversia. La relazione chiede, inoltre, uno studio del funzionamento degli attuali sistemi nazionali, facendo un confronto fra i paesi di common-law come il Regno Unito e altre giurisdizioni europee, e uno studio sull'eventuale miglioramento dei meccanismi esistenti. La relazione, inoltre, mette in evidenza la necessità di individuare le aree in cui una maggiore cooperazione con gli Stati membri potrebbe contribuire positivamente e di analizzare come le proposte avanzate possono coesistere con la legislazione esistente in materia di protezione dei dati e dei diritti umani.
Ci siamo adoperati per redigere la relazione sulla base di questi orientamenti e i compromessi raggiunti dalla commissione hanno già appianato alcune delle divergenze esistenti fra i sistemi giuridici dei vari Stati membri. Gran parte delle parti inserite intendono rendere la proposta più trasparente e più semplice per il creditore.
Sarà, di conseguenza, necessario garantire che il manuale dei diritti e delle pratiche nazionali in tema di esecuzione proposto venga costantemente aggiornato e che le relative informazioni siano facilmente utilizzabili nonché scritte in un linguaggio facilmente comprensibile. Sarà, inoltre, fondamentale non sostituire, bensì collaborare con i tribunali nazionali. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, la legislazione in materia dovrà limitarsi esclusivamente ai casi di natura transfrontaliera. Ciò premesso, l'applicazione della legge garantirà interventi efficienti e proattivi.
La relazione, nel suo complesso, aiuterà notevolmente le piccole imprese e gli imprenditori a superare il loro più grande ostacolo, ovvero la mancanza di risorse che consentano loro di rintracciare i debitori e di intraprendere un'azione legale contro di essi. Le piccole imprese sono le più colpite dai fenomeni di inadempienza nei pagamenti. Se questo dissuadesse le società a lavorare con l'estero, sarebbe una vera minaccia per il funzionamento stesso del mercato unico. In questo momento così difficile, è fondamentale proteggere le attività delle piccole imprese, poiché rappresentano notevole gran parte della nostra economia.
Vorrei ringraziare la segreteria della commissione giuridica per il grande sostegno offerto a questa relazione. Mi preme ringraziare, inoltre, i colleghi degli altri gruppi, per le loro proposte costruttive.
L'obiettivo fondamentale è, a mio avviso, presentare tempestivamente questa legislazione. Chiedo alla Commissione di intervenire rapidamente sulle raccomandazioni del Parlamento. Gli interventi effettuati dagli Stati membri in risposta alla crisi devono essere, per la maggior parte, indirizzati alle imprese su larga scala.
Joe Borg
Signor Presidente, sono lieto di avere l'occasione di esprimere le preoccupazioni del Parlamento relative al recupero transfrontaliero dei crediti. Vorrei ringraziare l'onorevole Gill per la sua relazione.
Qual è la posta in gioco? Sia il Parlamento che la Commissione ritengono che i problemi del recupero transfrontaliero dei crediti possono costituire un grave ostacolo alla libera circolazione delle ordinanze di pagamento nell'Unione europea e possano impedire l'accesso alla giustizia. Questo è fondamentale, inoltre, per la sopravvivenza delle piccole imprese nella situazione economica attuale.
In questo contesto e conformemente ai principi di proporzionalità e sussidiarietà, quali dovrebbero essere, dunque, gli obiettivi dell'Unione europea? L'UE dispone di moltissime misure per garantire l'accesso alla giustizia nelle controversie transnazionali e per facilitare la libera circolazione delle decisioni in ambito civile e commerciale all'interno dell'Unione.
Non vi è alcun dubbio che, come previsto dal programma dell'Aia sul riconoscimento reciproco, sarebbe effettivamente più semplice garantire l'esecuzione delle decisioni giudiziarie all'interno dell'Unione se fosse possibile ottenere informazioni accurate relative alla situazione finanziaria dei debitori.
Nel mese di marzo del 2008, la Commissione ha pubblicato un Libro verde sulla trasparenza del patrimonio del debitore. Tutte le relative risposte, incluso un breve riassunto, sono disponibili online.
La maggior parte degli intervistati ha convenuto sulla necessità di adottare misure a livello comunitario atte ad aumentare la trasparenza del patrimonio del debitore, sebbene le opinioni divergano rispetto agli interventi pratici.
Vorrei ringraziare il Parlamento per aver presentato una risposta tanto dettagliata al Libro verde. La relazione è scettica nei confronti delle proposte avanzate nel Libro verde, poiché individua come problema fondamentale la mancanza di scrupoli dei debitori recalcitranti.
La relazione affronta in modo particolare le questioni relative alla protezione dei dati e alla privacy nell'ottenimento di informazioni sulla situazione finanziaria degli individui. A questo proposito la Commissione si impegna a proteggere la privacy e i dati personali dei cittadini.
La relazione, invece, chiede la pubblicazione di elenchi nazionali di avvocati stranieri che esercitano in altri Stati membri per aiutare i creditori e suggerire una misura provvisoria a livello comunitario.
Intendo comunicare al Parlamento che il miglioramento dell'esecuzione pratica delle sentenze sarà fra le priorità fondamentali della Commissione nell'ambito del futuro programma di Stoccolma nell'area della giustizia, della libertà e della sicurezza per il periodo 2010-2014, che la Commissione presenterà nel 2009.
La Commissione non ha ancora programmato alcuna misura legislativa in termini di follow-up al Libro verde.
In conclusione, alla luce dei primi risultati del processo di consultazione, la Commissione ritiene che questa proposta - ovvero l'elaborazione di un manuale dei diritti e delle pratiche nazionali in tema di esecuzione, per migliorare l'accesso ai registri pubblici e commerciali, per migliorare la cooperazione fra le autorità preposte all'esecuzione e per elaborare una dichiarazione patrimoniale europea obbligatoria del debitore - è il primo passo per il raggiungimento dei nostri obiettivi.
Ovviamente, a questo proposito, la Commissione eseguirà attente considerazioni sulla risoluzione del Parlamento in merito alle questioni incluse in questa relazione.
Presidente
La discussione è chiusa.
La votazione si svolgerà mercoledì 22 aprile 2009.
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A digital asset editing computer program is computer program software or other computer-executable instructions for loading, editing, or otherwise processing digital assets. One non-limiting example of a digital asset editing program is the Adobe® Photoshop® computer program, available from Adobe Systems Incorporated of San Jose, Calif. Typically, a digital asset editing program provides a graphical user interface with which a user can command the editing program to load, edit, or otherwise process a digital asset. For brevity, a digital asset editing computer program is referred to hereinafter as just an “editing program”.
A digital asset is information that can be loaded, edited, or otherwise processed by an editing program. Examples of digital assets include, but are not limited to, digital images, digital video, digital audio, digital documents, and other types of digital information. A digital asset typically conforms to a particular digital media type. One non-limiting example of a digital asset media type is the Adobe® Photoshop® Document format, also known as the .PSD format. For brevity, a digital asset is referred to hereinafter as just an “asset” and a digital asset media type is referred to hereinafter as just a “media type”.
It can difficult, tedious, and time consuming for a user to accomplish certain tasks with some editing programs. For example, to load an asset for editing in an editing program, the user typically uses a file browser application to browse through a file system file-folder hierarchy to locate the file containing the asset of interest. To find the file quickly using the file browser application, the user must remember the location in the file system file-folder hierarchy where the file is stored. Even if the user does remember the exact location, using a file browser application to locate the file can still be tedious, requiring the user to navigate through multiple levels of the file-folder hierarchy to finally arrive at the file.
The file browser application-based loading process can be even more frustrating, for example, if the user does not know or remember where in the file system the file is stored. In this situation, the user may guess at different possible storage locations and use the file browser application to navigate to each guessed location individually until the file is found. This can be frustrating to the user, for example, if the user navigates to multiple file system locations before finding the file or even overwhelming, for example, if there is a large number of files and folder the user must consider.
Further, it is often the case, that in order to find the right file using a file browser application, the user is required to recognize the file of interest by its file system file name. If the user does not know or recall the file name, then the user may resort to loading assets from different files until the asset of interest is loaded. Overall, current approaches for loading an asset for editing in an editing program are inefficient.
The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.
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Candace Buckner
IndyStar
CHICAGO — Larry Bird may have a “list” of potential coaches for the Indiana Pacers, but he's not revealing it to anyone — including the candidates.
On Thursday when asked about progress of the coaching search, Bird, Pacers president of basketball operations, said: “Haven’t started yet.”
Bird and a front-office contingent are in Chicago for the NBA draft combine. Flanked by general manager Kevin Pritchard, director of scouting Ryan Carr and vice president of basketball operations Peter Dinwiddie among others, Bird spent several hours watching 5-on-5 action inside the Quest Multisport gym.
Also, the Pacers have conducted interviews with prospective draft picks with workouts beginning next week at Bankers Life Fieldhouse. The team has the No. 20 pick in the June 23 draft.
So the Pacers appear to be going about business as usual — while not illuminating much about their important business.
Bird — he began the brief interview with IndyStar by declaring: “I have nothing to say” — confirmed that he has not even had a conversation with an agent for a prospective coach. Though Bird said that Pritchard “talks to agents every day,” he did not disclose if any of those conversations were related to the coaching search.
On May 5, Bird announced that Frank Vogel would not return as head coach.
“I got a list of guys and I’m just putting it together,” Bird said during the news conference.
Though nearly a week has passed since the announcement, only scarce details about potential candidates exist. If the Pacers appear to be taking their time, they’re not the only ones.
Vogel, who led the Pacers for more than five seasons, has talked to the Houston Rockets about their coaching vacancy, a league source confirmed. However, no formal interview has been scheduled as Vogel wants to spend time with his family.
Follow IndyStar Pacers Insider Candace Buckner on Twitter: @CandaceDBuckner.
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Broke records set in 1970 and 2010, respectively
Most every day recently local residents have joked on social media about the heat. One post equated Florida with the surface of the sun. Another, circulated on Monday, said: “Welcome to Hotober.”
Well, it was not your imagination that September seemed hotter than normal. It was the hottest September on record for many towns in central and north Florida, including Gainesville and Ocala, according to the National Weather Service.
The weather service determines the average temperature for a month by averaging the average daily low temperatures with average daily high temperatures. Gainesville broke its record, set in 1970, and Ocala broke the record set in 2010.
Gainesville’s daily average temperature during September was 83.5 degrees. That is 5.3 degrees warmer than the average September temperature, but the weather service didn't say what the old record temperature was.
Ocala’s daily average for September was 82.5 degrees, or 2.6 degrees above the normal average. The weather service didn't say what the old record was.
Gainesville’s daily average high temperature for September was 93.3 degrees. The low temperature averaged 73.8 degrees, the highest average low temperature ever recorded in Gainesville during September. The all-time hottest average daily temperature for Gainesville in September was 93.9 degrees in 1925.
Ocala’s daily average high temperature for September was 92.4 degrees. The low temperature averaged 72.7 degrees. The all-time hottest average daily temperature in September was 93.1 degrees in 1936.
One reason Gainesville and Ocala broke records is that a high-pressure ridge blocked most afternoon thunderstorms from forming. Those storms usually cool the region by a few degrees each afternoon.
Gainesville only received 2.84 inches of rain in September, which is about half of its typical rainfall for the month. Gainesville’s official weather station is at the Gainesville Regional Airport.
Ocala only received 2.91 inches, about half of its 6.08 average dating back more than a century.
Ocala’s official weather station is located at the city’s water treatment plant off Southeast 36th Avenue, just north of Maricamp Road. Temperatures and rainfall totals can vary significantly throughout Marion County, which is larger than Rhode Island.
Scott Cordero, a National Weather Service meteorologist in Jacksonville, said the region did not get its typical afternoon thunderstorms. Typically afternoon sea breezes from the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico collide in the middle of the peninsula along the Interstate 75 corridor.
But this year, that high pressure stifled that activity, and temperatures often reached the mid-90s without that afternoon relief. The end result: hotter than normal temperatures across central Florida.
The weather service’s Climate Prediction Center is predicting a 70 percent chance of an El Niño onset during winter 2018-19. That usually means a warm, wet winter in this part of Florida.
El Niño is a weather phenomenon that occurs when the eastern Pacific Ocean water near the equator becomes warmer than average. That causes changes in weather patterns worldwide.
The stronger the El Niño, the more likely the region could experience weather extremes. El Niño is good in that it helps protect Florida during hurricane season, but it does bring threats.
In this area of the country, El Niño tends to throttle hurricane development by sheering off the tops of building tropical systems, which is happening this year in the Caribbean Sea.
El Niño is also known to allow severe lines of thunderstorms to pass through Florida in the winter.
A strong El Niño also happened in 2007, when what has been dubbed the “Groundhog Day tornado” blasted through Lady Lake, killing eight people, and then slammed Lake Mack in northern Lake County, killing 13 more.
In 1998, another strong El Niño was in place when Florida had one of its worst tornado outbreaks in history. Two killer tornadoes struck in Kissimmee and Daytona Beach, killing 42.
In March 1998, Marion County had record flooding. Then a record drought set in and, by Memorial Day, the state was experiencing one of its worst wildfire outbreaks.
What happens in this part of Florida will depend on how strong this El Niño winter becomes, Cordero said. He added that only time will tell what kind of winter that El Niño will bring Gainesville and Ocala.
Joe Callahan can reached at 867-4113 or at [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @JoeOcalaNews.
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