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A set consist of 2b-1 element. What is the number of subsets of this set which contain at most b-1 elements?
|
[
"2^(2b-1)",
"2^(2b)",
"2^(2b) - 2",
"2^(2b-2)"
] |
D
|
I used b=3, so then we have
5!/2!3! + 5!/4!1! + 5!/0!5!
10 + 5 + 1 = 16
So our target is 16
Now replace in answer choices
A gives us 2^4 = 16
Hence A is the correct option
Read carefully it says at most so keep in mind that picking a small number such as 3 will help you save time since you have to list fewer outcomes
Avoid 2 since you will get 1 arrangement (b-1) and may be risky since 1 is a number with certain unique properties
|
AquaRat_train
|
What do red blood cells carry?
|
[
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"carbon dioxide",
"hydrogen"
] |
B
|
Blood is a fluid connective tissue that contains a liquid component called plasma. It also contains dissolved substances and blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells defend the body, and platelets help blood clot.
|
SCiQ_train
|
Where would you most likely see a powerful electromagnet?
|
[
"at the gym",
"at the pool",
"at car junkyards",
"at middle school"
] |
C
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Rudolf virchow developed the hypothesis that cells only come from other cells in what year?
|
[
"1898",
"1858",
"1868",
"1848"
] |
B
|
In 1858, after using microscopes much better than Hooke’s first microscope, Rudolf Virchow developed the hypothesis that cells only come from other cells. For example, bacteria, which are single-celled organisms, divide in half (after they grow some) to make new bacteria. In the same way, your body makes new cells by dividing the cells you already have. In all cases, cells only come from cells that have existed before. This idea led to the development of one of the most important theories in biology, the cell theory .
|
SCiQ_train
|
Most chromosomal disorders involve which chromosomes?
|
[
"sex chromosomes",
"protosomes",
"autosomes",
"ribosomes"
] |
A
|
Most chromosomal disorders involve the sex chromosomes. Can you guess why? The X and Y chromosomes are very different in size. The X is much larger than the Y. This difference in size creates problems. It increases the chances that the two chromosomes will fail to separate properly during meiosis.
|
SCiQ_train
|
Zach Linsky, 11, watches TV for 3 and a half hours a day and plays video games every other day. Zach, a sixth grader in Washington, D. C., is an American. But unlike many kids, he doesn't have a TV, VCR, or computer in his bedroom. He only has a boom box . The survey of 3,155 kids, aged 2 to 18, shows that they spend 5 hours and 29 minutes on average a day using some types of media outside of school, including 2 hours and 46 minutes watching TV, 21 minutes on the computer, 20 minutes playing video games, and 8 minutes on the Internet. The good news: The total includes 44 minutes spent reading. The survey also shows that those aged 2 to 7 spend 3 hours and 9 minutes watching TV every day and shows that 32 percent in that age group have TV sets in their rooms. Among those aged 8 to 18, 21 percent have computers in their rooms, 65 percent have TV sets, and 61 percent say their parents don't stop them from watching TV. Nearly 1 in 4 say they watch more than 5 hours a day. "Kids are living much more lonely lives than ever before," says Kay S. Hytnowitz. "They just disappear into their rooms and spend all of their time with these media." At what age do children in America spend about five and a half hours on the media a day?
|
[
"Aged 2 to 7.",
"Aged 2 to 18.",
"Aged 8 to 18.",
"Aged 2 to 11."
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
The work of which scientist serves as the basis for many procedures used in agriculture, such as selective breeding of plants?
|
[
"Darwin",
"Mendel",
"Einstein",
"Pasteur"
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
If the integer n has exactly four positive divisors, including 1 and n, how many positive divisors does n^3 have?
|
[
"20",
"16",
"11",
"10"
] |
B
|
take the example of 6...
it has 4 positive divisors (1,2,3,4)
Now, take the example of 216 ...
it has 16 divisors..
so A is the ans
|
AquaRat_train
|
A lighting store is stocked with 410 fixtures. Some of the fixtures are floor lamps and the rest are table lamps. If 5% of the floor lamps and 30% of the table lamps are imported, what is the smallest possible number J of imported lamps stocked at the store?
|
[
"23",
"10",
"20",
"3"
] |
A
|
We want to minimize not maximize the expression,.
J=x/20+(410-x)*3/10=123+x/20-3x/10=123-5x/20 --> maximize x to minimize the expression --> x must be the greatest multiple of 20 less than 410, so 400 --> 123-5*400/20=23.
But i'm guessing 123-5x/20 can be written as 123- x/4
if x has to be the greatest multiple of 4 less then 410, then it would be 408.
Hence 123-408/4 --> 123-102 -->21
Yes, you cannot reduce in this case. If x=408, then 5/100*x and (410-x)*3/10 won't be integers.E
|
AquaRat_train
|
What type of chloride is a non-volatile material, but does not dissolve in water?
|
[
"lead chloride",
"yellow chloride",
"silver chloride",
"pink chloride"
] |
C
|
Silver chloride is a non-volatile material, but does not dissolve in water. What effect will it have on the vapor pressure of water?.
|
SCiQ_train
|
Traits that are affected by more than one gene are what type of traits?
|
[
"recessive",
"monogenetic",
"dominant",
"polygenic traits"
] |
D
|
Traits that are affected by more than one gene are called polygenic traits . The genes that affect a polygenic trait may be closely linked on a chromosome, unlinked on a chromosome, or on different chromosomes. Polygenic traits are often difficult for geneticists to track because the polygenic trait may have many alleles. Also, independent assortment ensures the genes combine differently in gametes. Therefore, many different intermediate phenotypes exist in offspring. Eye color ( Figure below ), and skin color are examples of polygenic traits in humans.
|
SCiQ_train
|
What makes the best wiring?
|
[
"rope",
"Tungsten",
"hemp",
"plastic"
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Titration is a method to determine what in acids or bases?
|
[
"concentration",
"glucose",
"maturation",
"alkalinity"
] |
A
|
The concentration of an acid or base can be determined by titration.
|
SCiQ_train
|
The simplest way to define a base is which kind of compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water?
|
[
"solvent",
"ionic",
"magnetic",
"covalent"
] |
B
|
The simplest way to define a base is an ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. One of the most commonly used bases is sodium hydroxide, illustrated below.
|
SCiQ_train
|
What is the process where sperm from the pollen of one flower fertilizes the egg of another flower?
|
[
"inter-pollination",
"mitosis",
"cross-pollination",
"static pollination"
] |
C
|
In cross-pollination , sperm from the pollen of one flower fertilizes the egg of another flower. Like other types of sexual reproduction, cross-pollination allows new combinations of traits. Cross-pollination occurs when pollen is carried by the wind to another flower. It can also occur when animal pollinators, like honeybees or butterflies ( Figure below ), carry the pollen from flower to flower.
|
SCiQ_train
|
Which of the following would be more likely to pollute a river?
|
[
"allowing beavers to build a dam",
"spreading fertilizer near the river",
"mowing the grass on the river bank",
"fishing from a bridge over the river"
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Different interatomic distances produce different lattice what?
|
[
"energies",
"surfaces",
"qualities",
"weights"
] |
A
|
in which C is a constant that depends on the type of crystal structure; Z+ and Z– are the charges on the ions; and Ro is the interionic distance (the sum of the radii of the positive and negative ions). Thus, the lattice energy of an ionic crystal increases rapidly as the charges of the ions increase and the sizes of the ions decrease. When all other parameters are kept constant, doubling the charge of both the cation and anion quadruples the lattice energy. For example, the lattice energy of LiF (Z+ and Z– = 1) is 1023 kJ/mol, whereas that of MgO (Z+ and Z– = 2) is 3900 kJ/ mol (Ro is nearly the same—about 200 pm for both compounds). Different interatomic distances produce different lattice energies. For example, we can compare the lattice energy of MgF2 (2957 kJ/mol) to that of MgI2 (2327 kJ/mol) to observe the effect on lattice energy of the smaller ionic size of F– as compared to I–.
|
SCiQ_train
|
It is obvious that doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it? The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don't know what to say. "So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there," said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the _ . "Patients are not told about the possibility of diabetes ," she said. "And doctors don't feel they have good information to give. They felt that they didn't have adequate tools to address this problem. The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don't even know that they're too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight. Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past--and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesityrelated diseases like hypertension and diabetes. Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn. , which ranks the 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. "If you're to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them and coach them," he said. He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be not optimistic. "Part of this is that there's this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that overweight people are weak-willed and just don't have any willpower and are selfindulgent and all that business," he said. "If you think that way, you're not going to spend time having a productive conversation." According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?
|
[
"Most doctors never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.",
"Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.",
"Most patients are too weak-willed to do anything about their weight.",
"Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem."
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
A and B Started a business with Rs.15000 and 12000 respectively. After 6 months B puts Rs.1000 more in his capital while after 8 months A puts Rs.5000 more in his capital. If there is a profit of Rs.35,000 after one year then B will get
|
[
"Rs.16,000",
"Rs.15,000",
"Rs.22,000",
"Rs.20,000"
] |
B
|
Ratio of A and B
=15000*8+20,000*4 : 12000*6+1300*6
= 4 :3
Then B will get
= 3/7*35,000
=15,000
ANSWER:A
|
AquaRat_train
|
What type of compound contains atoms of two or more different elements in its ring structure?
|
[
"polymer",
"aldehyde",
"hydrocarbon",
"heterocyclic"
] |
D
|
In some amines, the nitrogen atom replaces a carbon atom in an aromatic hydrocarbon. Pyridine (Figure 20.17) is one such heterocyclic amine. A heterocyclic compound contains atoms of two or more different elements in its ring structure.
|
SCiQ_train
|
What occurs when water lost by transpiration is not replaced by absorbtion from room?
|
[
"shedding",
"wilting",
"rotting",
"perspiration"
] |
B
|
SCiQ_train
|
|
Scientists have created a"human-like robot"that can dance and do the housework. "Mahru" has been developed to imitate humans and can move its lips, eyes and eyebrows. The machine can also move its upper and lower body freely and automatically stop itself when walking. In addition, it has been programmed to give out two kinds of pleasant smells to match its emotions. The 1.5m tall robot was produced by researchers at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)and is the first South Korean-developed machine of its kind. "Mahru will open the way for the commercial use of humanoid robots doing housework," You Bum-Jae, leader of the development researchers team, said, "Mahru can dance while walking on its legs and is able to work in place of a human." Through an advanced action capture system, Mahru can follow a variety of human movements and is able to move its hands freely enough to cope with any obstacles that may get in his way when walking. State-funded KIST showed the robot during a presentation at its headquarters in Seoul. People were treated to an entertaining show which saw the robot show off the full range of its skills, a series of dance moves. The research team added that they had designed another "Mahru", this time with sensors allowing it to distinguish between faces and objects. The showing of "Mahru" came a week after researchers in Japan said they had created the "most human-like" robot in the world. A team at robotics department of Osaka University in Japan said that "robotgirl", Replee R-l, looks, moves and interacts like a human, and has silicone skin that feels almost human to the touch. Mahru made by KIST can do the following things EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"express certain feelings through smells",
"move its body freely",
"stop automatically when walking",
"dance with other human-like robots"
] |
D
|
MMLU_train
|
|
"If you want to see a thing well, reach out and touch it!" That may seem a strange thing to say. But touching things can help you to see them better. Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round. But by holding it in your hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the ball is. You can feel how heavy the glass is. When you feel all these about the ball, you really see it. With your skin, you can feel better. For example, your fingers can tell the difference between two coins in your pocket. You can feel a little drop of water on the back of your hand, too. All children soon learn what "Don't touch!" means. They hear it often. Yet most of us keep on touching things as we grow up. In shops, we touch things as we might buy: food, clothes. To see something well, we have to touch it. There are ways of learning to see well by feeling. One way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin. Feel the shoes on your feet, the clothes on your body, the air on your skin. At first, it is not easy to feel these things. You are too used to them! Most museums are just for looking. But today some museums have some things to touch. There you can feel everything on show. If we want to see better, reach out and touch. Then you will really see. Why does it say "At first, it is not easy to feel these things?" Because _ .
|
[
"the things are used by people, too",
"people feel the things too often",
"people know how to use the things",
"the things are hard to feel"
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
The average age of a group of n people is 15 years old. One more person aged 37 joins the group and the new average is 17 years old. What is the value of n?
|
[
"18",
"10",
"16",
"14"
] |
B
|
15n + 37 = 17(n+1)
2n = 20
n = 10
The answer is A.
|
AquaRat_train
|
There are no exact differences between physics and other natural sciences because all sciences overlap .In general,however,physics is the scientific study of forces and qualities such as heat,light,sound,pressure,gravity and electricity,and the ways they affect other objects. One major branch of physics deals with the states of matter--solids,liquids and gases and with their motions.The pioneer achievements of Galileo,Kepler and Newton dealt with solid masses of matter in motion.Such studies deal with forces acting on moving objects.It is the subject of mechanics and belongs to the branch of mechanics called dynamics,the study of matter in motion.This large topic includes not only the motions of stars and ping-pong balls but also the motions of the water pumped by a fire engine and those of the air passing through the jet engine of an airplane. A branch of mechanics is statics ,the study of matter at rest.The designs of buildings and bridges are examples of problems in statics.Other branches of physics are based on the different kinds of energy,which interact with matter.They deal with electricity and magnetism ,heat,light,and sound.From these branches of physics scientists find clues which have revealed the constructions of atoms and how the atoms react to various kinds of energy. _ is often called the basis of modern physics.Among the many subdivisions of modern physics are electronics and nuclear physics.Physics is closely related to engineering.A person who uses knowledge of physics in solving everyday problems is often called an engineer.For example,electricity is one of the branches of physics;and an electrical engineer is a man who uses the "natural laws" of electricity to help in designing and electric generator . Physics is not exactly different from other natural sciences because _ .
|
[
"physics and other natural sciences have parts in common",
"it is the scientific study of forces and qualities such as heat,light and sound",
"it studies the ways in which forces and qualities affect other objects",
"it is a part of other natural sciences"
] |
A
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Two numbers are in the ratio 3:5. If 9 be subtracted from each, they are in the ratio of 9:17. The first number is?
|
[
"36",
"89",
"77",
"16"
] |
A
|
(3x-9):(5x-9) = 9:17
x = 12 => 3x = 36
Answer: A
|
AquaRat_train
|
As the wind is blowing on the back of a car with a strong gust, the car will
|
[
"rush forward faster than before",
"wind is unable to affect car speed",
"move forward instead of sideways",
"maintain speed and direction"
] |
A
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Two pipes can fill a tank in 20 minutes and 12 minutes. An outlet pipe can empty the tank in 10 minutes. If all the pipes are opened when the tank is empty, then how many minutes will it take to fill the tank?
|
[
"24",
"26",
"30",
"32"
] |
C
|
Let V be the volume of the tank.
The rate per minute at which the tank is filled is:
V/20 + V/12 - V/10 = V/30 per minute
The tank will be filled in 30 minutes.
The answer is D.
|
AquaRat_train
|
Which infection of multicellular eukaryotes is usually limited to particular tissues?
|
[
"viral",
"parasites",
"bacterial",
"digestive"
] |
A
|
SCiQ_train
|
|
There was great excitement on the planet of Venus this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since. The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan (named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20 000 light years ago).Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to feasibility of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth.A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology. "We have come to the conclusion,based on last week's satellite landing," Pro. Zog said,"that there is no life on the Earth." "How do you know this?" the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked. "For one thing, Earth's surface in the area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive." "What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?" "We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than we originally planned. " "Are there any other hazards that you discovered in your studies?" "Take a look at this photo. You see this dark cloud floating over the surface of Earth? We call this the Consolidated Edison Belt. We don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venus Being there." "If what you say is true, won't this set back the flying saucer program several years?" "Yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds." "Prof. Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on Earth when there is no life there?" "Because if we Venusians can learn to breathe in an Earth atmosphere, then we can live anywhere." During the week of great excitement the Venusian scientists succeeded in getting important information on whether they can _ .
|
[
"land a satellite with Venus astronauts on Earth",
"make a firstrate flying saucer",
"get a Earth Being to Venus",
"direct a flying saucer into Manhattan"
] |
A
|
MMLU_train
|
|
The anatomy of primate eyes shows they tend to rely more on vision than what sense, which is dominant in many other mammals?
|
[
"smell",
"touch",
"hearing",
"taste"
] |
A
|
Primates usually rely more on the sense of vision rather than the sense of smell, which is the dominant sense in many other mammals. The importance of vision in primates is reflected by the bony socket that surrounds and protects the primate eye. Primates have widely spaced eyes in the same plane that give them stereoscopic (3-D) vision, needed for judging distances. Some primates, including humans, have also evolved color vision.
|
SCiQ_train
|
The average age of a husband, wife and their child 2 years ago was 27 years and that of wife and the child 5 years ago was 20 years. The present age of the husband is?
|
[
"28.5 years",
"16.4 years",
"19.2 years",
"15.6 years"
] |
A
|
Sum of the present ages of husband, wife and child
= (23 * 2 + 5 * 2) = 57 years.
Required average
= 57/2
= 28.5 years.
Answer:B
|
AquaRat_train
|
A train running at a speed of 36 km/h passes an electric pole in 15 seconds. In how many seconds will the whole train pass a 380-meter long platform?
|
[
"51",
"53",
"47",
"49"
] |
B
|
Let the length of the train be x meters.
When a train crosses an electric pole, the distance covered is its own length x.
speed = 36 km/h = 36000 m / 3600 s = 10 m/s
x = 15 * 10 = 150 m.
The time taken to pass the platform = (150 +380)/ 10 = 53 seconds
The answer is D.
|
AquaRat_train
|
A beaker contains 180 liters of alcohol. On 1st day, 60 l of alcohol is taken out and replaced by water. 2nd day, 60 l of mixture iss taken out and replaced by water and the process continues day after day. What will be the quantity of alcohol in beaker after 3 days
|
[
"53.3",
"353.3",
"53.5",
"53.7"
] |
A
|
Use the formula,
Final Alcohol = Initial Alcohol ×(1−ReplacementquantityFinalVolume)n×(1−ReplacementquantityFinalVolume)n
Final Alcohol = 180(1−60180)3180(1−60180)3 = 180×(23)3=53.3
Ans: A
|
AquaRat_train
|
The home computer industry has been growing rapidly in the United States in the last ten years. Computers used to be large, expensive machines that were very difficult to use. But scientists and technicians have been making them smaller and cheaper while at the same time they have been made easier to use. As a result, their popularity has been increasing as more people have been buying computers for their homes and businesses. Computers have been designed to store information and compute problems that are difficult for human beings to work out. Some have voices that speak to their operators. Stores use computers to keep records of their inventories and to send bills to their customers. Offices use computers to copy letters, record business and keep in touch with other offices. People also use computers in their homes to keep track of the money they spend. One important new use of computers is for entertainment. Many new games have been designed to be played on computers. People of all ages play these games. People also buy home computers to watch movies and listen to concerts at home. They have become very popular indeed. Salesmen use computers mainly to _ .
|
[
"talk with their friends",
"write letters",
"check the list of goods and send bills",
"play games for pleasure"
] |
C
|
MMLU_train
|
|
In what subgroup are oligochaetes classified?
|
[
"insects",
"reptiles",
"mammals",
"polychaetes"
] |
D
|
SCiQ_train
|
|
What do scientists attach to aquatic animals to collect information?
|
[
"ultraviolet tags",
"satellite tags",
"fluorescent tags",
"radio tags"
] |
B
|
Beginning in 2000, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stanford University, and the University of California, Santa Cruz combined to form TOPP. As part of TOPP, researchers attach satellite tags to elephant seals, white sharks, giant leatherback turtles, bluefin tuna, swordfish, and other marine animals. The tags collect information, such as how deep each animal dives, the levels of ambient light (to help determine an animal’s location), and interior and exterior body temperature. Some tags also collect information about the temperature, salinity, and depth of the water surrounding an animal to help scientists identify ocean currents. The tags send the data to a satellite, which in turn sends the data the scientists. They use this information to create maps of migration patterns and discover new information about different marine ecosystems. The information collected by TOPP offers rare insights into the lives of marine animals. Without TOPP, that information would otherwise remain unknown. With TOPP, scientists are developing a working knowledge of the particular migration routes animals take, as well as the locations of popular breeding grounds and the environmental dangers faced by different species. TOPP has shed light on how we can better protect the leatherback turtle and other endangered species.
|
SCiQ_train
|
How is communication initiated and maintained with spacecraft?
|
[
"radio waves",
"telegraph",
"sonar",
"wi-fi"
] |
A
|
Radio waves are used for communicating with spacecraft. A round-trip communication from Earth to Mars takes anywhere from 6 to 42 minutes. What challenges might this present for sending unmanned spacecraft and probes to Mars?.
|
SCiQ_train
|
What is the theoretical event that began the universe often called?
|
[
"big bang",
"Coreolis effect",
"string theory",
"dark matter"
] |
A
|
The generation of an isolated but open system, which we might call a protocell, was a critical step in the origin of life. Such an isolated system has important properties that are likely to have facilitated the further development of life. For example, because of the membrane boundary, changes that occur within one such structure will not be shared with neighboring systems. Rather, they accumulated in, and favor the survival of, one system over its neighbors. Such systems can also reproduce in a crude way by fragmentation. If changes within one such system improved its stability, its ability to accumulate resources, or its ability to survive and reproduce, that system, and its progeny, would be likely to become more common. As these changes accumulate and are passed from parent to offspring, the organisms will inevitably evolve, as we will see in detail in the next chapter. As in living systems today, the earliest steps in the formation of the first organisms required a source of energy to maintain the non-equilibrium living system. There are really two choices for the source of this energy, either light (electromagnetic radiation from the sun) or thermodynamically unstable chemicals present in the environment. There have been a number of plausible scenarios, based on various observations, for the steps leading to life. For example, a recent study based on the analysis of the genes (and the proteins that they encode) found in modern organisms, suggests that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) arose in association with hydrothermal vents.60 But whether this reflects LUCA or an ancestor of LUCA that became adapted to living is association with hydrothermal vents is difficult (and perhaps impossible) to resolve unambiguously, particularly since LUCA lived ~3.4-3.8 billion years ago and cannot be studied directly. Mapping the history of life on earth Assuming, as seems likely, that life arose spontaneously, we can now look at what we know about the fossil record to better understand the diversification of life and life’s impact on the Earth. This is probably best done by starting with what we know about where the Universe and Earth came from. The current scientific model for the origin of the universe is known as the “Big Bang” (also known as the “primeval atom” or the “cosmic egg”), an idea originally proposed by the priest, physicist and astronomer Georges Lemaître (1894-1966).61 The Big Bang model arose from efforts to answer the question of whether the fuzzy nebulae identified by astronomers were located within or outside of our galaxy. This required some way to determine how far these nebulae were from Earth. Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) and his co-workers were the first to realize that nebulae were in fact galaxies in their own right, each very much like our own Milky Way and each is composed of many billions of stars. This was a surprising result. It made Earth, sitting on the edge of one (the Milky Way) among many, many galaxies seem less important – a change in cosmological perspective similar to that associated with the idea that the Sun, rather than Earth, was the center of the solar system (and the Universe). To measure the movement of galaxies with respect to Earth, Hubble and colleagues combined to types of observations. The first of these allowed them to estimate the distance from the Earth to.
|
SCiQ_train
|
What kind of compound, contained in coffee and alcohol, increases urine volume?
|
[
"anabolic",
"acid",
"additive",
"diuretic"
] |
D
|
Diuretics and Fluid Volume A diuretic is a compound that increases urine volume. Three familiar drinks contain diuretic compounds: coffee, tea, and alcohol. The caffeine in coffee and tea works by promoting vasodilation in the nephron, which increases GFR. Alcohol increases GFR by inhibiting ADH release from the posterior pituitary, resulting in less water recovery by the collecting duct. In cases of high blood pressure, diuretics may be prescribed to reduce blood volume and, thereby, reduce blood pressure. The most frequently prescribed anti-hypertensive diuretic is hydrochlorothiazide. It inhibits the Na+/ Cl– symporter in the DCT and collecting duct. The result is a loss of Na+ with water following passively by osmosis. Osmotic diuretics promote water loss by osmosis. An example is the indigestible sugar mannitol, which is most often administered to reduce brain swelling after head injury. However, it is not the only sugar that can produce a diuretic effect. In cases of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, glucose levels exceed the capacity of the tubular glucose symporters, resulting in glucose in the urine. The unrecovered glucose becomes a powerful osmotic diuretic. Classically, in the days before glucose could be detected in the blood and urine, clinicians identified diabetes mellitus by the three Ps: polyuria (diuresis), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger).
|
SCiQ_train
|
In a class, 30% of the students speaks truth, 20% speaks lie and 10% speaks both. If a student is selected at random, what is the probability that he has speak truth or lie?
|
[
"2/5",
"2/3",
"1/4",
"3/5"
] |
A
|
D) 2/5
|
AquaRat_train
|
The world's oceans are slowly getting more acidic, say scientists. The researchers from California say the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The lowering of the waters' pH value is not great at the moment but could pose a serious threat to current marine life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature. Increasing use of fossil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century. But these researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change. "This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere," said Dr Caldeira. "And we predict amounts of future acidity will exceed anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare catastrophic events such as asteroid impacts ." If carbon dioxide release continues unabated , ocean pH could be reduced by as much as 0.77 units, the authors warn. It is not ly clear what that means for marine life, however. Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean lifeforms may be more sensitive to pH changes. Coral reefs and other organisms whose skeletons or shells contain calcium carbonate may be particularly affected, the team speculate. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH. In recent years some people have suggested deliberately storing carbon dioxide from power stations in the deep ocean as a way of curbing global warming. But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered. "Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing - because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet; and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming. If the water's acidity level keeps rising, _ .
|
[
"organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to pH changes",
"ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected",
"the waters' pH value will become higher and higher",
"some disastrous events will occur more often than before"
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
What are surface currents generally caused by?
|
[
"major steam belts",
"minor wind belts",
"major humidity belts",
"major wind belts"
] |
D
|
Like air in the atmosphere, ocean water moves in currents. A current is a stream of moving water that flows through the ocean. Surface currents are caused mainly by winds but not daily winds. Surface currents are caused by the major wind belts. These winds blow in the same direction all the time. So they can keep water moving in the same direction.
|
SCiQ_train
|
The bankers discount of a certain sum of money is Rs. 72 and the true discount on the same sum for the same time is Rs. 60. The sum due is:
|
[
"Rs. 1280",
"Rs. 432",
"Rs. 540",
"Rs. 360"
] |
D
|
Sum = (B.D*T.D)/(B.D-T.D)
(72*60)/72-60;
360
ANSWER:A
|
AquaRat_train
|
The speed of a boat in still water is 24 kmph. What is the speed of the stream if the boat can cover 64 km downstream or 32 km upstream in the same time?
|
[
"7 kmph",
"5 kmph",
"6 kmph",
"8 kmph"
] |
D
|
X = the speed of the stream
(24 + X) / (24 - X) = 2/1
24+ X = 48 - 2X
3X = 24
X = 8 km/hour
If the speed of the stream is 8km/hour, then the 'downstream' speed of the boat is 24+8 = 32km/hour and the 'upstream' speed of the boat is 24-8 = 16km/hour. In that way, if the boat traveled for 2 hours, it would travel 2x32 = 64km downstream and 2x16 = 32km/hour upstream.
Answer : A
|
AquaRat_train
|
What is the standard unit for mass?
|
[
"meter",
"pound",
"kilogram",
"ounce"
] |
C
|
The standard unit for mass is the kilogram . The kilogram's standard is a block of platinum-iridium metal kept near Paris, France. Other countries, of course, keep copies. A kilogram is denoted "kg" and is a multiple of the smaller unit of mass, the gram ("g").
|
SCiQ_train
|
Soniya deposited Rs.8000 which amounted to Rs.9200 after 3 years at simple interest. Had the interest been 2% more. She would get how much?
|
[
"9745",
"9850",
"9680",
"9623"
] |
C
|
(8000*3*2)/100 = 480
9200
--------
9680
ANSWER A
|
AquaRat_train
|
Many people go to school for an education. They learn languages, history, politics, geography, physics, chemistry and mathematics. Others go to school to learn a skill so that they can make a living. School education is very important and useful. Yet, no one can learn everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he knows, can not teach his students everything they want to know. The teacher's job is to show his students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves. It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to memorize some facts or a formula . It is actually quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in math. But it is very difficult to use a formula in working out a math problem. Great scientists before us didn't get everything from school. Their teachers only showed them the way. Edison didn't even finish primary school. But they were all so successful. They invented so many things for mankind. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study. They read books that were not taught at school. They would ask many questions as they read. They did thousands of experiments. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. Above all, they knew how to use their brain. To work out a math problem, you need to know _ .
|
[
"only a certain formula",
"a certain fact",
"some facts",
"the way to solve it"
] |
D
|
MMLU_train
|
|
A Man can row upstream at 55kmph and downward stream at 47 kmph. Find Man's rate of the current
|
[
"2.8km/hr",
"20km/hr",
"4km/hr",
"87km/hr"
] |
C
|
Rate of the current=1/2(55-47)km/hr
=4km/hr
correct option is :E
|
AquaRat_train
|
People these days always complain how they suffer stress from their daily life. With drugs widely available in the market today, it is still advisable that we consume the best kind of medicine for our body, that is natural drugs. One of the natural resources for a relaxation drug is the Valerian Root Extract. Scientifically known as Valeriana Officinalis, this plant is a flowering type with heads of pink and white flowers mostly blooming in the summer months. Native in Europe and in small parts of Asia, the plant became popular worldwide because of its sweet scent and unique health benefits. Past research suggests that the valerian root has healing characteristics that focus on the neurotransmitter of the brain, which makes the brain cells function well. Other researches about this herb suggest that it can keep a person free of anxiety. Although there are various types of valerian root products in the market today, modern medical studies have concluded that further research has to be taken into consideration before acknowledging the so-called benefits of Valerian Root Extracts. One sample of the so-called benefits is the treatment for anxiety disorder called "social anxiety disorder" or SAD. The benefit has _ evidence to support its claim as an alternative relief for anxiety. However, many patients said that they felt improvements on their nervous conditions, stress and overall mental ability. Valerian Root Extract can be acquired as a tea, tablet, or liquid extract. It is recommended that you consult your physician about this herbal plant if it can really benefit your health. What do we know about Valeriana Officinalis?
|
[
"It is also called Valerian Root Extract.",
"It is blooming all the year around.",
"It is only grown in European countries.",
"It is well received for its health benefits."
] |
D
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake places of the world - Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey - rats will soon be man's new best friends. What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat. How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat's brain gives a signal. This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat's brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person. Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, " 'Robot' noses don't work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that." Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don't need electricity. The " rat project" is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, " It would be fantastic. A rat would get into spaces we couldn't get to and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe." Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building ( but only after an earthquake, of course.) In doing rescue jobs, _ .
|
[
"rats have better sense of smell than dogs.",
"dogs don't need to be trained to smell people.",
"robots' sense of smell can be affected by other smells around.",
"rats can see in the dark and are smaller than robots."
] |
C
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time. Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience. E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren't necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she'd been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool. The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you do something fun see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may tire of telling the story. With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience. E-mail is also an inexpensive way stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college. We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They don't take the place of any of the old ways. The purpose of this passage is to _ .
|
[
"explain how to use the Internet",
"describe the writer's joy of keeping up with the latest technology",
"tell the merits and usefulness of the Internet",
"introduce the reader to basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet"
] |
C
|
MMLU_train
|
|
What happens after something dies?
|
[
"chance",
"rot",
"luck",
"magic"
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
A bird eating a lizard is an example of what type of relationship?
|
[
"symbiotic",
"producer",
"parasitic",
"predatory"
] |
D
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Pushing on a pedal is an example of
|
[
"force",
"patching",
"practice",
"speed"
] |
A
|
MMLU_train
|
|
The urea cycle, a set of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonium ions to prevent toxicity, occurs to some extent in the kidney, but primarily in what organ?
|
[
"liver",
"skin",
"spleen",
"colon"
] |
A
|
Urea Cycle The urea cycle is a set of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonium ions in order to prevent a toxic level of ammonium in the body. It occurs primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidney. Prior to the urea cycle, ammonium ions are produced from the breakdown of amino acids. In these reactions, an amine group, or ammonium ion, from the amino acid is exchanged with a keto group on another molecule. This transamination event creates a molecule that is necessary for the Krebs cycle and an ammonium ion that enters into the urea cycle to be eliminated. In the urea cycle, ammonium is combined with CO2, resulting in urea and water. The urea is eliminated through the kidneys in the urine (Figure 24.18).
|
SCiQ_train
|
Which of the following is a living component of a desert in California?
|
[
"low rainfall",
"hot temperature",
"polar bear",
"horned lizard"
] |
D
|
MMLU_train
|
|
For many blind people, computers are inaccessible. It can cost $1,000 to purchase "screen reader" software, but two blind computer programmers from Australia have solved this problem. Queensland University of Technology (QUT) graduate James Teh and business partner Michael Curran developed a free, open-source program, called NVDA, which provides a voice to read the words on a computer screen as the cursor moves over them. NVDA won the blind inventors an award in the grand final program of the ABC's New Inventors, which aired on September 23. They took home the award for an invention that "might make a real difference to people's lives or the environment." "A sighted person takes for granted that they can sit down at any computer and use it," Mr Teh said. "We really are in the information age -- everything is online these days. So access to computers for the blind is very important, which is why we wanted our software to be free." Mr Teh, who majored in software engineering at QUT, said blind students typically didn't have the money to purchase "screen reader" technology, at the time in their life when they most needed it. Now NVDA could be downloaded on to anyone's personal computer free of charge. "It can also be copied to a USB stick, which can be used on any PC at school or university, with no installation required," he said. Mr Teh and Mr Curran have drawn on their own experience as blind computer users to develop a product which has some unique features. For example, as the mouse moves up and down the screen, a sound becomes higher and lower to let you know where the cursor is located. NVDA has been translated into 27 languages, thanks to volunteer translators. To date, there have been over 50,000 downloads. Mr Teh and Mr Curran have been working on the project since 2006. They worked on their product without any pay for two years. When Mozilla offered some funding in 2008, Mr Teh was able to quit his day job and work full-time developing NVDA. Why did James Teh and Michael Curran want their software to be free?
|
[
"They got funding from Mozilla.",
"They belonged to a volunteer group.",
"They wanted to help the blind.",
"They wanted people to give up \"screen reader\" software."
] |
C
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Ratio between Rahul and Deepak is 4:3, After 6 Years Rahul age will be 38 years. What is Deepak present age?
|
[
"266",
"24",
"77",
"22"
] |
B
|
Present age is 4x and 3x,
=> 4x + 6 = 38 => x = 8
So Deepak age is = 3(8) = 24
Answer: B
|
AquaRat_train
|
What is the apparatus used for carrying out an electrolysis reaction called?
|
[
"fluorescent cell",
"reversible cell",
"biochemical cell",
"electrolytic cell"
] |
D
|
An electrolytic cell is the apparatus used for carrying out an electrolysis reaction. Figure below shows an electrolytic cell composed of Zn|Zn 2+ and Cu|Cu 2+ half-cells.
|
SCiQ_train
|
Lack of which attachment makes ester molecules incapable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding?
|
[
"carbon oxygen atom",
"carbon fluorine atom",
"hydrogen-oxygen atom",
"carbon sulfur atom"
] |
C
|
Ester molecules are polar but have no hydrogen atom attached directly to an oxygen atom. They are therefore incapable of engaging in intermolecular hydrogen bonding with one another and thus have considerably lower boiling points than their isomeric carboxylic acids counterparts. Because ester molecules can engage in hydrogen bonding with water molecules, however, esters of low molar mass are somewhat soluble in water. Borderline solubility occurs in those molecules that have three to five carbon atoms. http://catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/2547 - gob-ch15_s07_t01lists the physical properties of some common esters.
|
SCiQ_train
|
If you could take a large snapshot of everyone in the United States today, it would contain six minion more females than males. In this country, women outlive men by about seven years. Throughout the modern world, cultures are different, diets are different, ways of life and causes of death are different, but one thing is the same--- women outlive men. It starts before birth. At conception, male fetuses outnumber female by about 110 to 100; at birth, the rate has already fallen to about 105 boys to every 100 girls. By the age of 30, there are only enough men left to match the number of women. Then women start taking a lead. Beyond the age of 80, there are nearly twice as many women as men. "If you look at the top ten or twelve causes of death," said Deborah Wingard, a disease expert at the University of California at San Diego, "every single one kills more men." She listed out one sad fate after another - heart disease, lung cancer and so on. Each kills men at roughly twice the rate of that it does women. More than a century ago American men surpassed and outlived the women. But in the 20th century, women began living longer, primarily because pregnancy and giving birth to children had become less dangerous. The gap grew steadily. In 1946, for the first time ever in the United States, females outnumbered males. Parts of the reasons are self-made. Men smoke more, drink more and take more life-threatening chances than women. Men are murdered (usually by other men) three times as often as women are. They commit suicide at a higher rate and have more than twice as many fatal car accidents as women do. Men are likely to be involved in alcohol-related deaths. But behavior doesn't explain away the longevity gap. Today, some scientists studying the gender gap believe that the data point to one conclusion Mother Nature may be partial to women. Every living thing is assembled according to instructions on its chromosomes , and humans have 23 pairs of them. But in males, one of these is a weak non-matching pair, expressed by "xy". The agreement pair in females is "xx", and its genetic "backup" power is sometimes listed as a clue to woman's superior restoring force. If the male's single "x" chromosome isn't perfect, it is possible for a serious genetic disorder to appear. Some blood diseases, for instance, are diseases caused by a shortcoming in a single gene on the "x" chromosome. They are far more common in males than females. How many exact diseases are mentioned as examples killing twice men than women?
|
[
"Two.",
"Three.",
"Ten.",
"Five."
] |
A
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Woody organisms that produce plants like oak tree seeds and leaves are a source of energy for
|
[
"decomposed waste",
"consumers like deer",
"other producers",
"producer organisms"
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
In what form is the heat absorbed when you heat ice and it reaches a temperature of 0 c?
|
[
"potential energy",
"mechanical energy",
"geothermal energy",
"radiation energy"
] |
A
|
The heating curve shown is for water but other substances have similarly shaped heating curves. Suppose you begin with solid water (ice) at -30°C and add heat at a constant rate. The heat you add in the beginning will be absorbed as kinetic energy and the temperature of the solid will increase. When you reach a temperature of 0°C (the melting point for water), the heat you add is no longer absorbed as kinetic energy. Instead, the added heat is absorbed as potential energy and the particles separate from each other. During the flat part of the curve labeled “melting”, heat is being added constantly but the temperature does not increase. At the left edge of this flat line, the water is solid; by the time enough heat has been added to get to the right edge, the water is liquid, but maintains the same temperature. Once all the water is in the liquid form, the added heat will once again be absorbed as kinetic energy and the temperature will increase again. During the time labeled “water being heated as a liquid”, all the added heat is absorbed as kinetic energy.
|
SCiQ_train
|
In a certain store, the profit is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 30% but the selling price
remains constant, approximately what percentage of the selling price is the profit
|
[
"100%",
"99%",
"None of above",
"69%"
] |
D
|
Explanation:
Let C.P.= Rs. 100.
Then, Profit = Rs. 320,
S.P. = Rs. 420.
New C.P. = 130% of Rs. 100 = Rs. 130
New S.P. = Rs. 420.
Profit = Rs. (420 - 130) = Rs. 290
Required percentage = (290/420) * 100
= 69%(approx)
Answer: A
|
AquaRat_train
|
A chemical reaction to vinegar or to baking soda can be caused by adding
|
[
"air",
"bees",
"cola",
"sand"
] |
C
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Bob wants a bunch of bananas and insists that the bunch contains a prime number of bananas. The bunches contain the following number of bananas. Which bunch should Bob buy?
|
[
"6",
"8",
"9",
"5"
] |
D
|
Bunch B has a prime number of bananas.
|
AquaRat_train
|
James took a 3-hour bike ride. In the second hour he traveled 6 miles, which was 20 percent farther than he traveled the first hour. If he traveled 25 percent farther in the third hour than he did in the second hour, how many miles did jose travel during the entire ride?
|
[
"18.5",
"54.9",
"57.0",
"63.0"
] |
A
|
Let the distance travelled in the first hour be x. Thus, 1.2x = 6, x = 5. Now, the distance travelled in the 3rd hour = 6+1/4∗6=7.5 The only option ending with a 0.5 in the decimal place is C.
ANSWER:C
|
AquaRat_train
|
What is term for the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of said element?
|
[
"molecule",
"proton",
"nucleus",
"atom"
] |
D
|
Atoms are the building blocks of matter. They are the smallest particles of an element that still have the element’s properties. Elements, in turn, are pure substances—such as nickel, hydrogen, and helium—that make up all kinds of matter. All the atoms of a given element are identical in that they have the same number of protons, one of the building blocks of atoms (see below). They are also different from the atoms of all other elements, as atoms of different elements have different number of protons. For an entertaining introduction to atoms by Bill Nye the Science Guy, watch the video at this URL:.
|
SCiQ_train
|
If circles x and y have the same area and circle x has a circumference of 20π, half of the radius of circle y is:
|
[
"5",
"4",
"16",
"2"
] |
A
|
x bé radius of circle x
ý bé radius of circle y
given:
pi*x^2 = pi*ý^2
also,
2*pi*x = 20*pi
x =10
thus ý = 10
y/2 = 5
Ans: B
|
AquaRat_train
|
a person travels from his house to office from 11:00am to 11:30 am and covers a distance of 20km. find the average speed of the person.
|
[
"10km/h",
"20.5km/h",
"20.1km/h",
"20.9km/h"
] |
A
|
time=11:30-11:00=30min=1/2hour
distance=20km
speed=20*1/2=10km/h
ANSWER:D
|
AquaRat_train
|
A driving school claims an average test pass rate of 76.8 percent. What is the least number of pupils required to achieve this result?
|
[
"112",
"127",
"125",
"132"
] |
C
|
C
125
96 passes out of 125 give an average of 76.8%
|
AquaRat_train
|
What cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration?
|
[
"electron transport chain",
"sodium potassium pump",
"krebs cycle",
"glycolysis"
] |
C
|
The Krebs cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration.
|
SCiQ_train
|
What comes first in the life cycle of a plant?
|
[
"seed",
"garden",
"flower",
"pair"
] |
A
|
SCiQ_train
|
|
if a predator wanted to catch its meal undetected, which method would be effective?
|
[
"hiding behind a bush with similar colors as itself",
"roaring really loud to scare it",
"none of these",
"peeing to confuse the prey"
] |
A
|
MMLU_train
|
|
The proximity of the axillary buds to the apical bud is partly responsible for their what?
|
[
"growth",
"dormancy",
"development",
"germination"
] |
B
|
SCiQ_train
|
|
In prokaryotes, what are the regions called that repressors bind to?
|
[
"elements",
"consumers",
"enablers",
"operators"
] |
D
|
For a bacteria, many aspects of gene regulation are due to the presence or absence of certain nutrients. In prokaryotes, repressors bind to regions called operators that are generally located immediately downstream from the promoter. Activators bind to the upstream portion of the promoter.
|
SCiQ_train
|
Three competing juice makers conducted a blind taste test with mall shoppers. The shoppers could choose to taste any number of the three brands of juices but had to select at least one juice that they liked. If 100 shoppers liked brand J, 200 shoppers liked brand K, 700 shoppers liked brand L, 250 shoppers liked exactly 2 juices, and 50 shoppers liked all three juices, how many shoppers took the taste test?
|
[
"900",
"650",
"700",
"1,000"
] |
B
|
Given: Atleast 1 juice was liked by the participants. --> Neither = 0
Assume, I -->No overlap between the sets
II --> Overlap between 2 sets
III --> Overlap between 3 sets
I + 2*(II) + 3*(III) = 100 + 200 + 700
I + 2*(250) + 3*(50) = 1000
I = 350
Total number of shoppers who took the taste test = I + II + III = 350 + 250 + 50 = 650
Answer: E
|
AquaRat_train
|
A research team wanted to produce a smaller variety of German shepherd dogs. They mated the smallest dogs from different litters for several generations. This is an example of which concept?
|
[
"extinction",
"mutation",
"selective breeding",
"natural selection"
] |
C
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Acids can also react with metals, and when they do they produce what?
|
[
"alloys",
"hydrogen gas",
"rust",
"potassium gas"
] |
B
|
You already know that a sour taste is one property of acids. ( Warning : Never taste an unknown substance to see whether it is an acid!) Acids have certain other properties as well. For example, acids can conduct electricity when dissolved in water because they consist of charged particles in solution. (Electric current is a flow of charged particles. ) Acids can also react with metals, and when they do they produce hydrogen gas. An example of this type of reaction is hydrochloric acid reacting with the metal zinc (Zn). The reaction is pictured in the Figure below . It can be represented by the chemical equation:.
|
SCiQ_train
|
Adam and Beth each drove from Smallville to Crown City by different routes. Adam drove an an average speed of 40 miles per hour and completed the trip in 30 minutes. Beth's route was 5 miles longer, and it took her 20 minutes more than Adam to complete the trip. How many miles per hour was Beth's average speed on this trip?
|
[
"75",
"30",
"24",
"54"
] |
B
|
Speed = Distance/Time
Distance for Adam = Speed * Time = 40 * 1/2 = 20 miles
Distance for Beth = Distance for Adam+5 = 20+5 = 25 miles
Time taken by Beth = Time taken by Adam + (1/3 hour) = 1/2+1/3 = 5/6
Speed of Beth = D/T = 25/(5/6) = 25*6/5 = 30 miles per hour
Hence, B is the answer.
|
AquaRat_train
|
The Amazing Kids! PenPals Program is a literacy-based , traditional letter-writing pen pal program, available to all children aged 5-17 worldwide. At $10 per child, our program is a low-cost and fun way to help your children practice their literacy skills while they are making new friends. Groups of 15 or more receive a 50% discount. Children love our program because: *It helps them develop new (and possibly life-long)friendships. *It allows them to practice the traditional form of letter writing and correspondence. *They love getting letters in the mail from their pen pals! Parents love our program because: *It offers one of the few remaining choices for finding an established, safe and trusted traditional pen pal program to their children. *It helps strengthen communication and literacy skills taught in their children's classroom. *It helps open their children's eyes to a larger world, and other cultures and traditions outside their own. *Many parents remember having a pen pal when they were children and want to give their children the same positive, fun learning experience. *Parents love helping their children find new friends of their own age and gender. Frequently asked questions Why is there a fee? We are a small, all-volunteer non-profit organization, and the fees help cover our cost of running the program. How did the Amazing Kids! PenPals Program begin? The program began as a way of reaching out to the children affected by the devastating hurricanes of 2005. Our hope was that by matching young hurricane survivors with a new pen pal, we could help them in their recovery from the trauma they experienced. The program is now available to all children worldwide. We continue to welcome teachers, youth groups or agencies who like to work with hurricane survivors. How does it work? Amazing Kids! will match students of the same gender and age with other students who may share similar interests and hobbies, based on the information provided on the registration form. I've completed all forms and made my payment. What happens next? Someone from Amazing Kids! will contact you once a match has been found. You will be asked to call the other parent, teacher or group leader of the pen pal Amazing Kids! has selected. If both adults agree that the pen pal match is a good one, then the students may begin writing to each other. If the match is determined not to be a good one, Amazing Kids! will try and find an alternative match. .If a group of twenty children want to join the program, they should pay _ altogether.
|
[
"$50",
"$100",
"$150",
"$200"
] |
B
|
MMLU_train
|
|
The length, breadth and height of a room are in the ratio 12 : 4 : 4. If the breadth and height are halved while the length is doubled, then the total area of the four walls of the room will
|
[
"(d) decrease by 18.75%",
"(b) decrease by 13.64%",
"(c) decrease by 15%",
"(e) decrease by 30%"
] |
A
|
Length (L) = 12
Breadth (B) = 4
Height (H) = 4
Total Area of Walls = 2(BH + LH) = 2*(4*4 + 12*4) = 2*(16+48) = 128
Then, Finally
Length (L) = 2*12 = 24
Breadth (B) = 4/2 = 2
Height (H) = 4/2 = 2
Total Area of Walls = 2(BH + LH) = 2*(2*2 + 24*2) = 2*(4+48) = 104
% change in Area of four walls = (Final Area-Initial Area)*100 /Initial Area
i.e. % change in Area of four walls = (104-128)*100 /128=- 18.75% (Decrease)
Answer: Option D
|
AquaRat_train
|
Many people may think that animals in the zoo are happy, free and lucky, but most of them are sad. Do you know why? Animals like tigers, lions, and bears usually live in forests or mountains. They run, jump, play with their children and catch small animals for food. But now they have to stay in cages ,small rooms in the zoo. They don't have to find food by themselves because the zoo keepers feed them. They do nothing but eat, walk and sleep every day. Their life in the zoo is quite different from that in the forest because they are not free. Maybe they miss their mothers and their friends, in fact, they feel lonely. Most of the animals in the zoo feel _ according to the passage.
|
[
"happy",
"free",
"lucky",
"sad"
] |
D
|
MMLU_train
|
|
The ratio of the length and the breadth of a rectangle is 4 : 3 and the area of the rectangle is 6912 sq cm. Find the ratio of the breadth and the area of the rectangle?
|
[
"1:97",
"1:26",
"1:96",
"1:98"
] |
C
|
Let the length and the breadth of the rectangle be 4x cm and 3x respectively.
(4x)(3x) = 6912
12x2 = 6912
x2 = 576 = 4 * 144 = 22 * 122 (x > 0)
=> x = 2 * 12 = 24
Ratio of the breadth and the areas = 3x : 12x2 = 1 : 4x = 1: 96.
Answer:A
|
AquaRat_train
|
Where do most biochemical reactions take place?
|
[
"within cells",
"stomach",
"upper atmosphere",
"outside of cells"
] |
A
|
Most biochemical reactions take place within cells. Cells are the microscopic building blocks of organisms.
|
SCiQ_train
|
If 10 is added to thrice a number and this sum is multiplied by 5, the result is the same as if the number is multiplied by 5 and 13 is added to the product. What is the number?
|
[
"-3.7",
"11",
"-3.5",
"-9"
] |
A
|
let the number be x;
5(10+3x)=5x+13;
x=-3.7
ANSWER:B
|
AquaRat_train
|
What is beyond the atmosphere?
|
[
"space",
"object",
"vacuum",
"air"
] |
A
|
The chapter focuses on the atmosphere. Beyond the atmosphere is space. The next chapter introduces the study of space.
|
SCiQ_train
|
Initiation, elongation, and termination are the three steps of what?
|
[
"mutation",
"differentiation",
"transcription",
"respiration"
] |
C
|
Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. The steps are illustrated in Figure below .
|
SCiQ_train
|
Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have existed on the planet, and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330,000 pounds. But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated (moved) from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended in 1965. The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997. Four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores, suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts. Before commercial whaling began in the early 1900s, blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters. But from the 1920s to the 1960s, whaling severely reduced the whale populations. Blue whales never recovered in the Northern Pacific, making sightings in this area rare. However, much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s. The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in North Pacific waters. But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.[:] To identify the blue whales, the researchers looked at photos of _ taken in the North Pacific Ocean and compared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the West Coast of the United States and Southern Pacific. Up to now, the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns, but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions. The whale population in the northern Pacific _ .
|
[
"is different from the California population",
"has become the largest group since the 1970s",
"is probably part of the California population",
"has lived there since the 1960s."
] |
C
|
MMLU_train
|
|
Oil is a source of a material used for an object with
|
[
"wood planks",
"cardboard",
"a large stone",
"wheels"
] |
D
|
MMLU_train
|
|
For poets, bird song is a beautiful expression of nature in full bloom. But for scientists, the chirps of birds are far more meaningful than just pretty sounds. Latest studies show the way that young birds learn to sing is similar to that of a human baby learning to speak. "The question we're trying to answer is how a young bird learns its song," says Professor Michale Fee of MIT. Bird's creative, trial-and-error type of learning provides an ideal model for studying similar processes in humans. An example is how a baby's babble turns into the recognizable syllables of mama and papa. Also the part of the brain that is involved in bird song is very similar to that of a human. So birds may have something to teach us about our own brains, Fee said. The study shows that young birds like to create new and imperfect songs. Gradually, the youngsters' songs become less different and more similar to the sound of their parents. Scientists disabled part of a young finch's brain and stopped the learning in midstream. The bird still sings. But never learns the right songs. Fee's team found that the part of the brain involved is called the anterior forebrain pathway. Its neurons produce random bursts that make the young bird make new sounds and compared it with that of their parents. They also find out that once a bird is old enough that part of the brain will be less active. The study does not enable us to really understand the meaning of bird language. But Fee believes it will eventually be applied to human brain diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. It can be inferred from the story that _ .
|
[
"young birds are always making meaningless sounds",
"if a bird had its anterior forebrain pathway damaged, it can never sing",
"a bird can't live happily without its anterior forebrain pathway",
"as a bird grows older, it may not learn new songs quickly"
] |
D
|
MMLU_train
|
|
To get cash out in the 21st century, you won't need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris . For identification purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you've been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: "Would you like cash or a statement?" An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer. What does this passage mainly talk about?
|
[
"A new medical instrument",
"A new type of talking machine",
"A new type of cash machine",
"National Cash Register"
] |
C
|
MMLU_train
|
|
How many six-digit numbers are there such that all six digits are different and the first digit is not zero?
|
[
"720756",
"729951",
"810364",
"472392"
] |
D
|
All six digits are different and first digit is not zero.
So first digit can be filled in 9 ways.
And, second digit can be filled in 9 ways.
And, third digit can be filled in 9 ways.
And, fourth digit can be filled in 9 ways.
And, fifth digit can be filled in 9 ways.
And, sixth digit can be filled in 8 ways.
Total ways = 9*9*9*9*9*8
= 472392
Hence option (A).
|
AquaRat_train
|
A man buys a cycle for Rs. 1400 and sells it at a loss of 25%. What is the selling price of the cycle?
|
[
"s. 1160",
"s. 1090",
"s. 1050",
"s. 1202"
] |
C
|
S.P. = 75% of Rs. 1400 = Rs.75/100x 1400 = Rs. 1050
ANSWER :E
|
AquaRat_train
|
Soluble minerals and clays accumulate in what soil layer, allowing it to hold more water?
|
[
"topsoil",
"subsurface",
"subsoil",
"silt"
] |
C
|
Below the topsoil is the “B” horizon. This is also called the subsoil . Soluble minerals and clays accumulate in the subsoil. Because it has less organic material, this layer is lighter brown in color than topsoil. It also holds more water due to the presence of iron and clay. There is less organic material in this layer.
|
SCiQ_train
|
What is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer called?
|
[
"canal",
"moat",
"well",
"ditch"
] |
C
|
Most groundwater does not flow out of an aquifer as a spring or geyser. So to use the water that's stored in an aquifer, people must go after it. How? They dig a well. A well ( Figure below ) is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer.
|
SCiQ_train
|
What is the largest planet in the solar system?
|
[
"pluto",
"mars",
"jupiter",
"saturn"
] |
C
|
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It has bands of different colored clouds, and a long-lasting storm called the Great Red Spot.
|
SCiQ_train
|
What do extensive properties depend on the amount of?
|
[
"experimental controls",
"matter in a sample",
"independent variables",
"sample temperature"
] |
B
|
Normally, electric charge is transferred when electrons leave the outer orbits of the atoms of one body (leaving it positively charged) and move to the surface of another body (causing the new surface to gain a negative net charge). In a plasma all electrons are stripped from the atoms, leaving positively charged ions and free electrons.
|
SCiQ_train
|
In the first round of the elections, the only two candidates got exactly the same number of votes. During the second round, 16,000 votes switched from the first candidate to the second one. The total number of votes remained the same in both rounds, and no other votes switched sides. If, in the second round, the winning candidate got five times as many votes as the other candidate, how many people have voted in each round?
|
[
"40,000",
"48,000",
"25,000",
"60,000"
] |
B
|
Let A be the first candidate and B be the second one.
Given x+16000 = 5(x-16000) => x = 24000
2x = 48000
IMO option D.
|
AquaRat_train
|
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