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3 Answers
3
Yes. It doesn't matter how the ball gets to the base, if a player touches the base with control of the ball before the runner gets there, the runner is out. The pitcher could throw, kick, or roll the ball to first if they wanted to. On rare occasions, the ball will get stuck in their glove so a pitcher will throw their entire glove (with the ball inside) over to first base!
Yes they can.
This occurs in many instances:
The ball is hit to the pitcher and the pitcher beats the runner to the bag
Pitchers also assist in run downs, and if any defensive player beats the batter to the first base bag, it is an out
Thank you for your interest in this question.
Because it has attracted low-quality or spam answers that had to be removed, posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site (the association bonus does not count).
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eng
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fcda8510-325b-4fb2-b16a-abe2bd7c4e63
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https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/20489/can-the-pitcher-run-to-first-base/20490
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I've created three menus, menu_main, menu_footer, menu_social. How do I wire pages to a menu? When I select a menu to edit and try to "Add Items to A Menu" there are no pages to add. Wordpress says "No Items."
However, there are a number of pages available from the "pages" link in wordpress.
Why aren't these pages available to be added? How do I add a page to a menu?
I'm only trying to create static content, very basic site with a menu and four or five pages.
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eng
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339c3f34-f78e-4a6b-b63d-84e0926f6b52
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https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/167565/add-items-to-a-menu
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Clifford's first Halloween
Resource Information
The work Clifford's first Halloween represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Cuyahoga County Public Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Language Material, Books.
Clifford the small red puppy tries to celebrate Halloween with Emily Elizabeth, but he is too small to wear a mask or dress up as a scary ghost, and decides to climb into a pumpkin and turn it into a barking jack-o'-lantern. On board pages
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eng
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326daac7-ed4a-47fe-b0fa-0363eb768395
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http://link.cuyahogalibrary.org/resource/t25s5Sqt45A/
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Spinach in the United States
Driven by fresh-market use, the consumption of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) has been on the rise in the United States. Per capita use of fresh-market spinach averaged 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) during 2004–06, the highest since the mid-1940s. The fresh market now accounts for about three-fourths of all US spinach consumed. Much of the growth over the past decade has been due to sales of triple-washed, cello-packed spinach and, more recently, baby spinach. These packaged products have been one of the fastest-growing segments of the packaged salad industry.
Contents
The United States is the world's second-largest producer of spinach, with 3% of world output, following China (PRC), which accounts for 85% of output.
California (73% of 2004–06 U.S. output), Arizona (12%), and New Jersey (3%) are the top producing states, with 12 other states reporting production of at least 100 acres (2002 census). Over the 2004–06 period, U.S. growers produced an average of 867 million pounds of spinach for all uses, with about three-fourths sold into the fresh market (includes fresh-cut/processed). According to the 2002 Census of Agriculture, spinach was grown on 1,109 U.S. farms—down 17% from 1997, but about the same number as in 1987.
The farm value of U.S. spinach crops (fresh and processed) averaged $175 million during 2004–06, with fresh-market spinach accounting for 94%. The value of fresh-market spinach has more than doubled over the past decade as stronger demand has boosted production, while inflation-adjusted prices largely remained constant. California accounts for about three-fourths of the value of both the fresh and processing spinach crops.
Like other cool-season leafy crops, most (about 96%) of the fresh spinach consumed in the United States is produced domestically. Although rising, imports (largely from Mexico) totaled about 23 million pounds in 2004–06, compared with 3 million pounds in 1994–06. During the last 10 years, exports (largely to Canada) have jumped 70 percent to 47 million pounds (2004–06), with much of the growth occurring earlier this decade.[1]
Per capita spinach consumption is greatest in the Northeast and Western US. About 80% of fresh-market spinach is purchased at retail and consumed at home, while 91% of processed spinach is consumed at home. Per capita spinach use is strongest among Asians, highest among women 40 and older, and weakest among teenage girls.[2]
In September 2006, an outbreak of disease caused by the E. coli strain O157:H7 occurred in 21 US states. Over 100 cases were reported, including five deaths. The E. coli was linked to bags of fresh organic spinach, after which the FDA issued a warning not to eat uncooked fresh spinach or products containing it. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a press release updating the available information. According to the FDA release on 2006-10-4, 192 cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including 30 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome; there was one death and 98 hospitalizations. The infection affected 26 states. By early 2007, there were 206 illnesses and three deaths attributed to E. coli-tainted spinach.
Based on epidemiological and laboratory evidence, the FDA determined the implicated spinach originated from an organic spinach field grown by Mission Organics and processed by Natural Selection Foods LLC of San Juan Bautista, California. The FDA speculated the spinach had been tainted by irrigation water contaminated with pig feces because feral pigs were seen in the vicinity of the implicated ranch.
On August 30, 2007, 8,000 cartons of spinach (from Metz Fresh, a King City-based grower and shipper, Salinas Valley, California) were recalled after Salmonella was discovered upon routine testing. Consumer advocates and some lawmakers complained it exposed significant gaps in food safety, even if 90% of suspect vegetables did not reach the shelves.[3]
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eng
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379bde5d-6e94-4b23-bc23-3d92b9b569aa
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinach_in_the_United_States
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New framework literacy planning - stories from other cultures
<p>Have just had so much fun with this topic……kids have loved it! Our theme for the half term was Africa hence all the stories are based on Africa. Thought I would share with you all. Other topics covered: Living in a diverse world; familiar settings stories; stories from around the world</p>
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eng
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337f6eb1-4a2b-44a5-8d40-2f52e3e35957
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https://sharemylesson.com/teaching-resource/new-framework-literacy-planning-stories-other-cultures-146281
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Comptroller of the Navy (Navy Board)
This article is about the period from 1561–1832. For the article about the new Controller of the Navy, see Third Sea Lord.
The Comptroller of the Navy[1] originally called the Clerk Comptroller of the Navy[2] was originally a principal member of the English Navy Royal, and later the British Royal Navy, Navy Board. From 1512 until 1832, the Comptroller was mainly responsible for all British naval spending and directing the business of the Navy Board from 1660 as its chairman.[3] The position was abolished in 1832 when the Navy Board was merged into the Board of Admiralty. The comptroller was based at the Navy Office.
Contents
The post was originally created in 1512 during the reign of Henry VIII of England when the post holder was styled as the Clerk Comptroller until 1545 in 1561 the name was changed to Comptroller of the Navy. He presided over the Board from 1660, and generally superintended the business of the Navy Office, and was responsible for the offices dealing with bills, accounts and wages[4] during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By the eighteenth century the principal officer responsible for estimating annual stores requirements, inspecting ships' stores and maintaining the Fleet's store-books and repair-bills was the Surveyor of the Navy; however, his duties passed increasingly to the Comptroller of the Navy during the latter half this period. The office of Surveyor did not altogether disappear. In 1832 the Comptroller's department was abolished following a merger of the Navy Board with the Board of Admiralty and the Surveyor was made the officer responsible under the First Naval Lord for the material departments, and became an adviser to the Board of Admiralty. In 1860 the name of the office was changed to Controller of the Navy and in 1869 his office merged with the office of the Third Naval Lord and then became known as Third Naval Lord and Controller of the Navy, he became independent of the First Naval Lord and himself a member of the Board of Admiralty.[5]
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eng
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3652ecfa-76ba-4cbd-b84b-ceeeb8fbe00c
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Navy_(Navy_Board)
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An Update on CHF w/ Dr. Fermann
The phenotype of acute presentation of heart failure can be dramatically different. Consider the difference between the hypotensive patient who has very poor cardiac output now in cardiogenic shock requiring pressors (these have a very poor outcome), the normotensive patient who has slowly become retained fluid, and the acutely hypertensive patient who presents in extremis (who actually does quite well even though they are so sick on arrival
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eng
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d4d87fe8-9966-427a-a9e0-15f105b33633
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http://www.tamingthesru.com/blog/tag/CHF
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My family were thinking of moving to Bavaria, specifically Regensburg. While we were there on vacation we were very impressed with the city and the people. The work/life balance displayed by the native Germans we saw was very appealing.
What is a good website to look up real estate information?
a. What some tips to watch out for in a listing?
b. Is it common for children to share a room in Germany?
How to make "Friends"? Although we found people friendly we were curious how the locals would be with longer term interactions ie: Dinner Parties, Drinking Friends etc.
a. We saw lots of Grilling Equipment in the shops is there a good outdoor eating and cooking culture amount the locals?
Is getting a drivers license hard? What are the specific steps for people with a US drivers license?
If you live in Germany are your children entitled to schooling?
Although I would probably be working remotely for a US company, is it an issue to work for a local company if the opportunity comes about?
a. Is the paperwork straight forward or do I need a lawyer?
Taxes: I hear I would pay both German taxes and US taxes what are the specifics?
What type of culture shock would be in store for a white middle class american family from southern New Jersey face?
Thank You for the information we don't know who to actually talk to about this and your help is would be the basis for your residence permit application? Typically, it would be sponsorship by a German employer, but if you intend to work remotely for your US employer you would need some other avenue.
– phoogJul 25 '16 at 3:15
2
You've asked really a lot of questions in one, you should focus on one issue at once.
– user9879Jul 25 '16 at 9:01
I asked a lot of questions because at this stage I am just looking at a summary or high level response. A sentence or two per question. At this point I don't know enough to know what I don't know.
– DanJul 25 '16 at 15:23
I think what he means is that SE is usually for 'one question at a time' format, as it's not a forum / message board. In any case, the first thing you need to consider is whether you'd qualify for any visa for yourself and your family. Does your US employer have offices in Germany? If so, are they willing to sponsor you? If not, how do you plan on getting a work visa and family visas for your family?
– la femme cosmiqueJul 26 '16 at 11:58
Word of caution related to your first question: Do not assume that buying automatically makes sense based on your experience in the US. There are many countries (US, UK, Netherlands) where tax incentives and a dynamic market (or, arguably, bubbles) make buying a good deal on a strict financial level, not so much in Germany. You buy because you want to have an house that's your own, easier to remodel, etc. but everything else being equal it costs more and you need to be in it for the long-term (20+ years, not 5) to recoup the costs.
– GalaJul 26 '16 at 13:09
1 Answer
1
If you want to buy, you should get a real estate agent. If you rent you just go over to immobilienscout24.de or similar. Old people do listings in newspapers, because they are not so familiar with "that internet thing".
1 b. Is it common for children to share a room in Germany?
I would say it is normal to an age up to 6 - 9. Kids normally then have their own room
How to make "Friends"? Although we found people friendly we were
curious how the locals would be with longer term interactions ie:
Dinner Parties, Drinking Friends etc.
I guess you will make most of your friends through a) work or b) sport activities. Join some club. If you are not into physical activities, there are also clubs for chess etc. Meetup.com is not really big except for the largest cities, but it is always worth a try.
a. We saw lots of Grilling Equipment in the shops is there a good
outdoor eating and cooking culture amount the locals?
You are right. That is a thing. People meet in parks to have BBQ, but as soon as you have a garden, you tend to host people there. Dinner parties are really common of course or just go out to clubs, have a bicycle tour together, etc.
Is getting a drivers license hard? What are the specific steps for
people with a US drivers license?
You can use a US license for 6 months in Germany (can be extended for additional 6 months), but afterwards you have to get the German one. According to that list, you have to do some theoretical test depending on the US state you mare your US license [0][1]
If you live in Germany are your children entitled to schooling?
Children have to go to school. Homeschooling is absolutely not common. You find international schools in bigger cities. AFAIK you might pay some administrational fee for schools, but the education itself is free.
Although I would probably be working remotely for a US company, is it
an issue to work for a local company if the opportunity comes about?
a. Is the paperwork straight forward or do I need a lawyer? Taxes: I
hear I would pay both German taxes and US taxes what are the
specifics?
I think a tax consultant should be enough. (the next statements are with a lot of hand-waving) If you are working for a freelancer for the US company, you can pay the income tax in Germany, which would make it easy to accept local companies as customers. I have no idea how it works if you are employed by the US company.
What type of culture shock would be in store for a white middle class
american family from southern New Jersey face?
Thinking about the prejudices Germans have towards US citizens and reversing that, the biggest shocks might be:
If you ask a friend "how are you" they might actually respond to the question, not just saying "I'm fine, and you?". Germans can be direct and say straight to your face if something bugs them.
I hope that helped you to get some overview. You should definetly drill down each question at a time after doing thoroughly research.
Wish you the best!
Thank you this was exactly what I was looking for. I used to have a very "German" way of responding to questions when I was younger (Friend:"Should I marry her?" Me:"No she is a whore"). My wife toned me down I guess I will have to go back :)
– DanJul 27 '16 at 15:14
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eng
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6eb92bd4-cd8a-4e30-a551-c21516f2a99d
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https://expatriates.stackexchange.com/questions/8832/thinking-of-moving-to-germany-bavaria
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You could use file.choose() to prompt the user to navigate the file.
It would look like this input.data <- read.xlsx(file.choose(), "input", header=F, rowIndex=NULL, startRow=1, endRow=21, colIndex=c(1:2))
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eng
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bd3cebfe-8d19-4117-83f4-920af20b36b8
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28036109/r-detect-file-path-automatically
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Judas Aristobulus I (reigned 104-103 BC) was a
king of the HebrewHasmonean Dynasty, and the
eldest of the five sons of King John Hyrcanus. He was the first of the
Hasmonean rulers to call himself "king." According to the Hebrew
Scriptures, only descendants of Judah, or, more specifically, the
House of David, were qualified to be kings of Israel. All of
Aristobulus' predecessors used the title of "nasi"/"president".
According to the directions of John Hyrcanus, the government of
the country after his death was to be placed in the hands of his
wife, and Aristobulus was originally to receive only the
high-priesthood. He was not however satisfied with this, so he cast
his mother into prison and allowed her to starve there. By this
means he came into the possession of the throne, which, however, he
did not long enjoy, as after a year's reign he died of a painful
illness (103 BC). He was hostile to the Pharisees and pursued them
with ruthlessness.
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eng
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c3f6e7a6-1373-4870-a9c8-1eff3f9ac26f
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http://www.thefullwiki.org/Aristobulus_I
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Abstraction - only showing relevant information and hiding implementation details. Interfaces and abstract classes are an examples of abstraction. Allows a user to use some form of functionality without knowing the inner workings. For example, the HashSet class provides put() and get() methods... As a user I do not need to know how the HashSet class implements these methods, I just need to know the relevant details such as the method names and parameters. Abstraction reduces overall complexity of a software system.
Encapsulation - the process of binding the data and operations performed on that data into a single unit. OOP classes are a good example of this - all the data and methods performed on that data are contained within the class. Furthermore, encapsulation allows us to hide the state of an object by making attributes of an object private and only allowing the object itself to perform actions on the attributes via public methods. Encapsulation helps with both security and modulisation.
Polymorphism - the ability for an entity to take on multiple different forms, based on the context. Examples of polymorphism are runtime and compile time polymorphism. Runtime polymorphism is achieved by method overriding, while compile time polymorphism is achieved by method overloading.
Inheritance - allows for common attributes and functionality to me shared amongst different entities. This supports code reuse and reduces complexity.
You're dead wrong on inheritance. But why focus on definitions? Any interviewer worth their pay will ask you about the practical advantages and applications of these techniques. If you say "Encapsulation helps with security", you'd better be able to explain or they'll think your talking out of your *ss.
– D DrmmrNov 18 '18 at 13:17
1 Answer
1
You're missing that inheritance is a form of polymorphism. Others include composition and delegation, prototype, duck typing, and interface compliance. You're focusing inheriting subclasses ability to share parent code while ignoring the most powerful thing inheritance does: allow you to change code behavior without a rewrite.
Polymorphism makes it easier to change code behavior without having to change proven working code.
Encapsulation makes reading code easier. It is much better defined as data hiding. It's not about units or security. When the only code that can manipulate the data is in the same place it's easier to predict what that data will be and when. Ideally encapsulation ensures that the data is only used to change behavior. Not as a temporary storage before sending the same data elsewhere, unchanged.
Abstraction makes interfaces easy to use. It doesn't really reduce overall system complexity. It reduces the complexity you have to deal with from any one perspective within the system. The system is still free to be wildly complex. You just don't ever have to deal with that all at once in a properly abstracted system.
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eng
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049653a9-04c6-4faa-b941-d9471390ab31
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https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/381669/looking-to-solidify-understanding-of-oop-principles
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Super Node is a dedicated blockchain network for a specific
dApp. So you may regard a supernode as a dApp blockchain
network.
From an enterprise's viewpoint, the dApp is the business,
interacting with customers, selling its service. So
enterprises wants to have full controllability as well as
governance.
The concept of a supernode is being introduced to support
enterprises' needs. It is independent from a hypernode with
a separate computing zone. In short, a supernode is a
complete blockchain running on EdenChain.
A supernode has its own consensus algorithm and data
storage. The image below shows the architecture of a
supernode.
Each node stores full data and if there is new transaction
data, it checks the transaction and performs consensus to
verify the legitimacy of the transaction. If a majority of
nodes accept the transaction through the consensus
mechanism, the data will be written in data storage. In
general it mimics how blockchains work. The biggest
difference between a general blockchain and a supernode lies
in its inherent simplicity.
One of the crucial values of a super node is its
performance; a super node should process dApps' requests
with a minimum delay in order to give users an experience
similar to that with which they are accustomed.
A super node has mandatory modules to fulfill its core
functions. A Super node is independents from hyper nodes,
and regardless of a hyper node's availability, it can work
seamlessly.
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eng
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0e71769d-3baa-4e30-bf2f-76b72d9f0384
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https://edendocs.edenchain.io/Super-Node_60817409.html
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Bad hair day
Resource Information
The work Bad hair day represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Charlotte Mecklenburg Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Audio, Nonmusical, Sounds, Music.
This time, the magic mirror sucks Abby and Jonah into the story of Rapunzel. When the siblings get the famous tale all tangled up, they have to find a way to set things right ... with hilarious results! With quick thinking and a bit of magic, can Abby and Jonah turn this bad hair day around?
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eng
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2d314f98-2e5a-4f7d-8f1e-9c31ddadbbd7
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http://link.cmlibrary.org/resource/TyDw_yWs8n0/
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Radiation Induced Cognitive Decline
Radiation Induced Cognitive Decline
Radiation-induced cognitive decline describes the possible correlation between radiation therapy and mild cognitive impairment. Radiation therapy is used mainly in the treatment of cancer. Radiation therapy can be used to cure care or shrink tumors that are interfering with quality of life. Sometimes radiation therapy is used alone; other times it is used in conjunction with chemotherapy and surgery. For people with brain tumors, radiation can be an effective treatment because chemotherapy is often less effective due to the blood–brain barrier. Unfortunately for some patients, as time passes, people who received radiation therapy may begin experiencing deficits in their learning, memory, and spatial information processing abilities. The learning, memory, and spatial information processing abilities are dependent on proper hippocampus functionality. Therefore, any hippocampus dysfunction will result in deficits in learning, memory, and spatial information processing ability.
The hippocampus is one of two structures of the central nervous system where neurogenesis continues after birth. The other structure that undergoes neurogenesis is the olfactory bulb. Therefore, it has been proposed that neurogenesis plays some role in the proper functionality of the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. To test this proposal, a group of rats with normal hippocampal neurogenesis (control) were subjected to a placement recognition exercise that required proper hippocampus function to complete. Afterwards a second group of rats (experimental) were subjected to the same exercise but in that trial their neurogenesis in the hippocampus was arrested. It was found that the experimental group was not able to distinguish between its familiar and unexplored territory. The experimental group spent more time exploring the familiar territory, while the control group spent more time exploring the new territory. The results indicate that neurogenesis in the hippocampus is important for memory and proper hippocampal functionality. Therefore if radiation therapy inhibits neurogenesis in the hippocampus it would lead to the cognitive decline observed in patients who have received this radiation therapy.
In animal studies discussed by Monje and Palmer in "Radiation Injury and Neurogenesis", it has been proven that radiation does indeed decrease or arrest neurogenesis altogether in the hippocampus. This decrease in neurogenesis is due to apoptosis of the neurons which usually occurs after irradiation. However it has not been proven whether the apoptosis is a direct result of the radiation itself or if there are other factors that cause neuronal apoptosis, namely changes in the hippocampus micro-environment or damage to the precursor pool. Determining the exact cause of the cell apoptosis is important because then it maybe possible to inhibit the apoptosis and reverse the effects of the arrested neurogenesis.
"Considered physiologically, everything ugly weakens and saddens man. It reminds him of decay, danger, impotence; it actually reduces his strength. The effect of ugliness can be measured with a dynamometer. Whenever anyone feels depressed, he senses the proximity of something "ugly." His feeling of power, his will to power, his courage, his pride—they decline with ugliness, they rise with beauty." —Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)
"Ideas are so much flat psychological surface unless some mirrored matter gives them cognitive lustre. This is why as a pragmatist I have so carefully posited 'reality' ab initio, and why throughout my whole discussion, I remain an epistemologist realist." —William James (1842–1910)
"There are no accidents, only nature throwing her weight around. Even the bomb merely releases energy that nature has put there. Nuclear war would be just a spark in the grandeur of space. Nor can radiation "alter" nature: she will absorb it all. After the bomb, nature will pick up the cards we have spilled, shuffle them, and begin her game again." —Camille Paglia (b. 1947)
"The classicist, and the naturalist who has much in common with him, refuse to see in the highest works of art anything but the exercise of judgement, sensibility, and skill. The romanticist cannot be satisfied with such a normal standard; for him art is essentially irrational—an experience beyond normality, sometimes destructive of normality, and at the very least evocative of that state of wonder which is the state of mind induced by the immediately inexplicable." —Sir Herbert Read (1893–1968)
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eng
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a3432d02-0008-4838-9662-a055a295d815
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http://www.primidi.com/radiation_induced_cognitive_decline
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Little Doctors' Program Organized
Little Doctors' Program Organized
Little Doctors' Program
This training/workshop was organized for school children to discuss and know about the Primary Health issues and their Prevention and Cure.This program was inaugurated by His Excellency President of Nepal Dr. Ram Baran Yadav at the presidential auditorium, Shital Niwas, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. The program was funded by the Open Society Foundation-United Kingdom. Other national organizations such as the Chaudhary Group, Centre for Environment Education Nepal, Star Hospital, and National Aayurvedic Centre made this program possible by providing resources, skills and technical help as cosponsors. This program was held on January 29-February 02, 2009.Thirty Students from around twenty districts attended this training program.
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eng
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b896558b-5c6f-4cb6-b6c5-59df9eb2791c
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https://www.sanosansar.org/2009/02/little-doctors-program/
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Portrait of Enrique Meneses
9 of 13 pages
On the wall in his living room, there are several paintings, but the one which presides over the room, is a picture of his wife, who always seems to be present.
At home, there is a contrast between history and modern life. A clear example is a hand-made pygmy knife, next to the router table, that was crushed up into a dagger, among many other souvenirs of his travels.
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eng
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c38c4dab-184b-466a-85f2-ea6207f8352a
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https://lookingforstories.com/spain/portrait-of-enrique-meneses/9/
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Cañari language · Canari language Wikipedia
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eng
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84d1ea43-2ac3-43c1-a0e5-e3ab31fdb042
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http://live.babelnet.org/synset?word=bn:02864759n&details=1&lang=JA
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Go ogle
The images in the Go ogle series, by Meggan Gould, are composite images, mathematical averages of the first 100 images retrieved from a Google search engine query for a specific word or phrase. Each downloaded image relinquished its size, shape, and the clarity of its individual pixels in its merger with the other results from the query. The results, a visualization of intersections between Boolean logic and the popular imagination, are more often than not a hopeless jumble of unidentifiable pixels–but occasionally a recognizable form does emerge
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eng
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e2cceda6-b8db-4f09-a80c-6ea060636527
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http://www.random-magazine.net/2009/09/go-ogle/
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Contents
Human beings have lived in what is today South Dakota for at least several thousand years. Early hunters first entered North America at least 17,000 years ago via the Bering land bridge, which existed during the last ice age and connected Siberia with Alaska.[1] Early settlers in what would become South Dakota were nomadic hunter-gatherers, using primitive Stone Age technology to hunt large prehistoric mammals in the area such as mammoths, sloths, and camels. The Paleolithic culture of these people disappeared around 5000 BC, after the extinction of most of their prey species.[1]
Between AD 500 and 800, much of eastern South Dakota was inhabited by a people known as the 'Mound Builders'.[2] The Mound Builders were hunters who lived in temporary villages and were named for the low earthen burial mounds they constructed, many of which still exist. Their settlement seems to have been concentrated around the watershed of the Big Sioux River and Big Stone Lake, although other sites have been excavated throughout eastern South Dakota.[2] Either assimilation or warfare led to the demise of the Mound Builders by the year 800.[2] Between 1250 and 1400 an agricultural people, likely the ancestors of the modern Mandan of North Dakota, arrived from the east and settled in the central part of the state.[2] In 1325, what has become known as the Crow Creek Massacre occurred near Chamberlain.[3] An archeological excavation of the site has discovered 486 bodies buried in a mass grave within a type of fortification; many of the skeletal remains show evidence of scalping and decapitation.[3]
The Arikara, also known as the Ree, began arriving from the south in the 16th century.[2][4] They spoke a Caddoan language similar to that of the Pawnee, and probably originated in what is now Kansas and Nebraska.[2][4][5] Although they would at times travel to hunt or trade, the Arikara were far less nomadic than many of their neighbors, and lived for the most part in permanent villages.[5][6] These villages usually consisted of a stockade enclosing a number of circular earthen lodges built on bluffs looking over the rivers.[4][6] Each village had a semi-autonomous political structure, with the Arikara's various subtribes being connected in a loose alliance.[6] In addition to hunting and growing crops such as corn, beans, pumpkin and other squash,[7] the Arikara were also skilled traders, and would often serve as intermediaries between tribes to the north and south.[6] It was probably through their trading connections that Spanish horses first reached the region around 1760.[8][9] The Arikara reached the height of their power in the 17th century, and may have included as many as 32 villages.[6] Due both to disease as well as pressure from other tribes,[10] the number of Arikara villages would decline to only two by the late 18th century,[9] and the Arikara eventually merged entirely with the Mandan to the north.[11]
The sister tribe of the Arikaras, the Pawnee, may have also had a small amount of land in the state. Both were Caddoan and were among the only known tribes in the continental U.S. to have committed human sacrifice, via a religious ritual that occurred once a year.[12][13] It is said that the U.S. government worked hard to halt this practice before their homelands came to be heavily settled, for fear that the general public might react harshly or refuse to move there.
The Lakota Oral histories tell of them pushing the Algonquian ancestors of the Cheyenne from the Black Hills regions, south of the Platte River, in the 18th century.[14] Before that, the Cheyenne say that they were, in fact, two tribes, which they call the Tsitsistas & Sutaio [15] After their defeat, much of their territory was contained to southeast Wyoming & western Nebraska. While they had been able to hold off the Sioux for quite some time, they were heavily damaged by a smallpox outbreak. They are also responsible for introducing the horse to the Lakota.
North of the Ioway were an Algonquian nation known as the A'ani, whose territory extended from southern Canada, through western Minnesota & eastern N. Dakota & may have extended as far south as northeast South Dakota.[16] Many of the cultural traits among the Sioux that do not exist among other Siouan peoples—including hairdos—originated with the A'ani. One of the first to be driven off by the Sioux, they moved west & north, splitting into the tribes known as the Gros Ventre and the Arapaho. They are not to be confused with the Hidatsa, who were also called Gros Ventre by the French.[16]
The Ioway, or Iowa people, also inhabited the region where the modern states of South Dakota, Minnesota & Iowa meet, north of the Missouri River. They also had a sister nation, known as the Otoe who lived south of them. They were Chiwere speaking, a very old variation of Siouan language said to have originated amongst the ancestors of the Ho-Chunk of Wisconsin. They also would have had a fairly similar culture to that of the Dhegihan Sioux tribes of Nebraska & Kansas.[17]
By the 17th century, the Sioux, who would later come to dominate much of the state, had settled in what is today central and northern Minnesota.[18] The Sioux spoke a language of the Siouan language family,[11] and were divided into two culture groups – the Dakota & Nakota.[18] By the early 18th century the Sioux would begin to move south and then west into the plains.[18] This migration was due to several factors, including greater food availability to the west, as well as the fact that the rival Ojibwe[14] & other related Algonquians had obtained rifles from the French at a time when the Sioux were still using the bow and arrow.[19][20][21] Other tribes were also displaced during some sort of poorly understood conflict that occurred between Siouan & Algonquian peoples in the early 18th century.
Map showing the general locations of the tribes and subtribes of the Sioux by the late 18th century; current reservations are shown in orange.
In moving west into the prairies, the lifestyle of the Sioux would be greatly altered, coming to resemble that of a nomadic northern plains tribe much more so than a largely settled eastern woodlands one.[22][23] Characteristics of this transformation include a greater dependence on the bison for food, a heavier reliance on the horse for transportation, and the adoption of the tipi for habitation, a dwelling more suited to the frequent movements of a nomadic people than their earlier semi-permanent lodges.[22]
Once on the plains, a schism caused the two subgroups of the Sioux to divide into three separate nations—the Lakota, who migrated south, the Asiniboine who migrated back east to Minnesota & the remaining Sioux. It appears to be around this time that the Dakota people became more prominent over the Nakota & the entirety of the people came to call themselves as such.[14]
The Lakota, who crossed the Missouri around 1760 and reached the Black Hills by 1776, would come to settle largely in western South Dakota, northwestern Nebraska, and southwestern North Dakota.[24][25] The Yankton primarily settled in southeastern South Dakota, the Yanktonnais settled in northeastern South Dakota and southeastern North Dakota, and the Santee settled primarily in central and southern Minnesota.[24][25] Due in large part to the Sioux migrations, a number of tribes would be driven from the area. The tribes in and around the Black Hills, most notably the Cheyenne, would be pushed to the west, the Arikara would move further north along the Missouri, and the Omaha would be driven out of southeastern South Dakota and into northeastern Nebraska.[24][26]
Later, the Lakota & Assiniboine returned to the fold, forming a single confederacy known as the Oceti Sakowin, or Seven council fire. This was divided into four cultural groups—the Lakota, Dakota, Nakota & Nagoda-- & seven distinct tribes, each with their own chief—the Nakota Mdewakan (Note—Older attempts at Lakota language show a mistake in writing the sound 'bl' as 'md', such as summer, Bloketu, misprinted as mdoketu. Therefore, this word should be Blewakan.[27] ) & Wahpeton, the Dakota Santee & Sisseton, the Nagoda Yankton & Yanktonai & the Lakota Teton.[14] In this form, they were able to secure from the U.S. government a homeland, commonly referred to as Mni-Sota Makoce, or the Lakotah Republic.[28] However, conflicts increased between Sioux & American citizens in the decades leading up the Civil War & a poorly funded & organized Bureau of Indian Affairs had difficulty keeping peace between groups. This eventually resulted in the United States blaming the Sioux for the atrocities & rendering the treaty which recognized the nation of Lakotah null-in-void. The U.S., however, later recognized their fault in a Supreme Court case in the 1980s [29] after several decades of failed lawsuits by the Sioux, yet little has been done to smooth the issue over to the best interests of both sides.
France was the first European nation to hold any real claim over what would become South Dakota. Its claims covered most of the modern state. However, at most a few French scouting parties may have entered eastern South Dakota.[30] In 1679 Daniel G. Duluth sent explorers west from Lake Mille Lacs, and they may have reached Big Stone Lake and the Coteau des Prairies. Pierre Le Sueur's traders entered the Big Sioux River Valley on multiple occasions. Evidence for these journeys is from a 1701 map by William De L'Isle that shows a trail to below the falls of the Big Sioux River from the Mississippi River.[31]
After 1713, France looked west to sustain its fur trade. The first Europeans to enter South Dakota from the north, the Verendrye brothers, began their expedition in 1743. The expedition started at Fort La Reine on Lake Manitoba, and was attempting to locate an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean. They buried a lead plate inscribed near Ft. Pierre; it was rediscovered by schoolchildren in 1913.[32]
In 1762, France granted Spain all French territory west of the Mississippi River in the Treaty of Fontainebleau.[33] The agreement, which was signed in secret, was motivated by a French desire to convince Spain to come to terms with Britain and accept defeat in the Seven Years' War.[33] In an attempt to defend against British expansion to the south and west, Spain adopted a policy for the upper Missouri which emphasized the development of closer trade relations with local tribes as well as greater exploration of the region, a primary focus of which would be a search for a water route to the Pacific Ocean.[34] Although traders such as Jacques D'Eglise and Juan Munier had been active in the region for several years,[35] these men had been operating independently,[36] and a determined effort to reach the Pacific and solidify Spanish control of the region had never been undertaken. In 1793, a group commonly known as the Missouri Company was formed in St. Louis, with the twin goals of trading and exploring on the upper Missouri.[37] The company sponsored several attempts to reach the Pacific Ocean, none of which made it further than the mouth of the Yellowstone. In 1794, Jean Truteau (also spelled Trudeau) built a cabin near the present-day location of Fort Randall,[38] and in 1795 the Mackay-Evans Expedition traveled up the Missouri as far as present-day North Dakota,[35] where they expelled several British traders who had been active in the area.[39] In 1801, a post known as Fort aux Cedres was constructed by Registre Loisel of St. Louis, on Cedar Island on the Missouri about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of the present location of Pierre.[40][41] This trading post was the major regional post until its destruction by fire in 1810.[31] In 1800, Spain gave Louisiana back to France in the Treaty of San Ildefonso.[41][42]
In 1803, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon for $11,000,000.[43] The territory included most of the western half of the Mississippi watershed and covered nearly all of present-day South Dakota, except for a small portion in the northeast corner of the state.[44] The region was still largely unexplored and unsettled, and President Thomas Jefferson organized a group commonly referred to as the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the newly acquired region over a period of more than two years.[42][45] The expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, was tasked with following the route of the Missouri to its source, continuing on to the Pacific Ocean, establishing diplomatic relations with the various tribes in the area, and taking cartographic, geologic, and botanical surveys of the area.[46][47] The expedition left St. Louis on May 14, 1804 with 45 men and 15 tons of supplies in three boats (one keelboat and two pirogues).[43] The party progressed slowly against the Missouri's current, reaching what is today South Dakota on August 22.[48] Near present-day Vermillion, the party hiked to the Spirit Mound after hearing local legends of the place being inhabited by "little spirits" (or "devils").[48] Shortly after this, a peaceful meeting took place with the Yankton Sioux,[49] while an encounter with the Lakota Sioux further north was not as uneventful. The Lakota mistook the party as traders, at one point stealing a horse.[49] Weapons were brandished on both sides after it appeared as though the Lakota were going to further delay or even halt the expedition, but they eventually stood down and allowed the party to continue up the river and out of their territory.[49][50] In north central South Dakota, the expedition acted as mediators between the warring Arikara and Mandan.[51] After leaving the state on October 14, the party wintered with the Mandan in North Dakota before successfully reaching the Pacific Ocean and returning by the same route, safely reaching St. Louis in 1806.[52] On the return trip, the expedition spent only 15 days in South Dakota, traveling more swiftly with the Missouri's current.[53]
In 1817, an American fur trading post was set up at present-day Fort Pierre, beginning continuous American settlement of the area.[54] During the 1830s, fur trading was the dominant economic activity for the few white people who lived in the area. More than one hundred fur-trading posts were in present-day South Dakota in the first half of the 19th century, and Fort Pierre was the center of activity [Citation needed]. General William Henry Ashley, Andrew Henry, and Jedediah Smith of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, and Manuel Lisa and Joshua Pilcher of the St. Louis Fur Company, trapped in that region. Pierre Chouteau, Jr. brought the steamship Yellowstone to Fort Tecumseh on the Missouri River in 1831. In 1832 the fort was replaced by Fort Pierre Chouteau, Jr.: today's town of Fort Pierre.[31] Pierre bought the Western Department of John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company and renamed it Pratte, Chouteau and Company, and then Pierre Chouteau and Company. It operated in present-day South Dakota from 1834-1858. Most trappers and traders left the area after European demand for furs dwindled around 1840.[55]
In 1855, the U.S. Army bought Fort Pierre but abandoned it the following year in favor of Fort Randall to the south.[54] Settlement by Americans and Europeans was by this time increasing rapidly, and in 1858 the Yankton Sioux signed the 1858 Treaty, ceding most of present-day eastern South Dakota to the United States.[56]
Land speculators founded two of eastern South Dakota's largest present-day cities: Sioux Falls in 1856 and Yankton in 1859. The Big Sioux River falls was the spot of an 1856 settlement established by a Dubuque, Iowa, company; that town was quickly removed by native residents. But in the following year, May 1857, the town was resettled and named Sioux Falls. That June, St. Paul, Minnesota's Dakota Land Company came to an adjacent 320 acres (130 ha), calling it Sioux Falls City. In June 1857, Flandreau and Medary, South Dakota, were established by the Dakota Land Company. Along with Yankton in 1859, Bon Homme, Elk Point, and Vermillion were among the new communities along the Missouri River or border with Minnesota. Settlers therein numbered about 5,000 in 1860.[31] In 1861, Dakota Territory was established by the United States government (this initially included North Dakota, South Dakota, and parts of Montana and Wyoming).[57] Settlers from Scandinavia, Germany, Ireland, Czechoslovakia[citation needed] and Russia,[citation needed] as well as elsewhere in Europe and from the eastern U.S. states increased from a trickle to a flood, especially after the completion of an eastern railway link to the territorial capital of Yankton in 1872, and the discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874 during a military expedition led by George A. Custer.
The 1874 Custer expedition took place despite the fact that the western half of present-day South Dakota had been granted to the Sioux by the Treaty of Fort Laramie as part of the Great Sioux Reservation. The Sioux declined to grant mining rights or land in the Black Hills, and the Great Sioux War of 1876 broke out after the U.S. failed to stop white miners and settlers from entering the region. The Sioux were eventually defeated and settled on reservations within South Dakota and North Dakota.[54]
In 1889 Harrison sent general George Crook with a commission to persuade the Sioux to sell half their reservation land to the government. It was believed that the state would not be viable unless more land was made available to settlers. Crook used a number of dubious methods to secure agreement and obtain the land.[60]
On December 29, 1890, the Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Commonly cited as the last major armed conflict between the United States and the Sioux Nation, the massacre resulted in the deaths of an estimated 300 Sioux, many of them women and children. 25 U.S. soldiers were also killed in the conflict.[61]
Railroads played a central role in South Dakota transportation from the late 19th century until the 1930s, when they were surpassed by highways. The Milwaukee Road and the Chicago & North Western were the state's largest railroads, and the Milwaukee's east-west transcontinental line traversed the northern tier of the state. About 4,420 miles (7,110 km) of railroad track were built in South Dakota during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, though only 1,839 miles (2,960 km) were active in 2007.[62]
The railroads sold land to prospective farmers at very low rates, expecting to make a profit by shipping farm products out and home goods in. They also set up small towns that would serve as shipping points and commercial centers, and attract businessmen and more farmers. The Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway (M&StL) in 1905, under the leadership of vice president and general manager L. F. Day, added lines from Watertown to LeBeau and from Conde through Aberdeen to Leola. It developed town sites along the new lines and by 1910, the new lines served 35 small communities.[63]
Not all of the new towns survived. The M&StL situated LeBeau along the Missouri River on the eastern edge of the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation. The new town was a hub for the cattle and grain industries. Livestock valued at one million dollars were shipped out in 1908, and the rail company planned a bridge across the Missouri River. Allotment of the Cheyenne River Reservation in 1909 promised further growth. By the early 1920s, however, troubles multiplied, with the murder of a local rancher, a fire that destroyed the business district, and drought that ruined ranchers and farmers alike. LeBeau became a ghost town.[64]
Most of the traffic was freight, but the main lines also offered passenger service. After the European immigrants settled, there never were many people moving about inside the state. Profits were slim. Automobiles and busses were much more popular, but there was an increase during World War II when gasoline was scarce. All passenger service was ended in the state by 1969.[65][66][67][68]
In the rural areas farmers and ranchers depended on local general stores that had a limited stock and slow turnover; they made enough profit to stay in operation by selling at high prices. Prices were not marked on each item; instead the customer negotiated a price. Men did most of the shopping, since the main criteria was credit rather than quality of goods. Indeed, most customers shopped on credit, paying off the bill when crops or cattle were later sold; the owner's ability to judge credit worthiness was vital to his success.[69]
In the cities consumers had much more choice, and bought their dry goods and supplies at locally owned department stores. They had a much wider selection of goods than in the country general stores and price tags that gave the actual selling price. The department stores provided a very limited credit, and set up attractive displays and, after 1900, window displays as well. Their clerks—usually men before the 1940s—were experienced salesmen whose knowledge of the products appealed to the better educated middle-class housewives who did most of the shopping. The keys to success were a large variety of high-quality brand-name merchandise, high turnover, reasonable prices, and frequent special sales. The larger stores sent their buyers to Denver, Minneapolis, and Chicago once or twice a year to evaluate the newest trends in merchandising and stock up on the latest fashions. By the 1920s and 1930s, large mail-order houses such as Sears, Roebuck & Co. and Montgomery Ward provided serious competition, making the department stores rely even more on salesmanship and close integration with the community.[70][71]
Many entrepreneurs built stores, shops, and offices along Main Street. The most handsome ones used pre-formed, sheet iron facades, especially those manufactured by the Mesker Brothers of St. Louis. These neoclassical, stylized facades added sophistication to brick or wood-frame buildings throughout the state.[72]
During the 1930s, several economic and climatic conditions combined with disastrous results for South Dakota. A lack of rainfall, extremely high temperatures and over-cultivation of farmland produced what was known as the Dust Bowl in South Dakota and several other plains states. Fertile topsoil was blown away in massive dust storms, and several harvests were completely ruined.[73] The experiences of the Dust Bowl, coupled with local bank foreclosures and the general economic effects of the Great Depression resulted in many South Dakotans leaving the state. The population of South Dakota declined by more than seven percent between 1930 and 1940.[74]
Prosperity returned with the U.S. entry into World War II in 1941, when demand for the state's agricultural and industrial products grew as the nation mobilized for war.[75] Over 68,000 South Dakotans served in the armed forces during the war, of which over 2,200 were killed.[76]
On the night of June 9–10, 1972, heavy rainfall in the eastern Black Hills caused the Canyon Lake Dam on Rapid Creek to fail.[78] The failure of the dam, combined with heavy runoff from the storm, turned the usually small creek into a massive torrent that washed through central Rapid City.[78]The flood resulted in 238 deaths and destroyed 1,335 homes and around 5,000 automobiles.[78] Damage from the flood totaled $160 million (the equivalent of $664 million today).[78]
On April 19, 1993, Governor George Mickelson was killed in a plane crash in Iowa while returning from a business meeting in Cincinnati.[79] Several other state officials were also killed in the crash. Mickelson, who was in the middle of his second term as governor, was succeeded by Walter Dale Miller.
In recent decades, South Dakota has transformed from a state dominated by agriculture to one with a more diversified economy. The tourism industry has grown considerably since the completion of the interstate system in the 1960s, with the Black Hills being especially impacted. The financial service industry began to grow in the state as well, with Citibank moving its credit card operations from New York to Sioux Falls in 1981, a move that has since been followed by several other financial companies.[80] In 2007, the site of the recently closed Homestake gold mine near Lead was chosen as the location of a new underground research facility.[81] Despite a growing state population and recent economic development, many rural areas have been struggling over the past 50 years with locally declining populations and the emigration of educated young adults to larger South Dakota cities, such as Rapid City or Sioux Falls, or to other states.[82] The Cattleman's Blizzard of October 2013 killed tens of thousands of livestock in western South Dakota, and was one of the worst blizzards in the state's history.[83]
Dakota Pathways – 20 television episodes with educational material, freely available online, funded by the South Dakota State Historical Society, South Dakota Public Broadcasting, and the South Dakota Department of Education
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eng
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756281b3-ce1a-4d0d-a5b2-ddedad0a0081
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_Dakota
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When I use outline-hide-body inside Elisp code, I would expect the folding to show me the overview of 3+ ; levels. But it still shows the code, basically all of it with folded bodies. Is there a variable I need to set to fold to headers only?
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eng
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1505a5dd-3828-4be4-bf81-2e8ba6cf57c9
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https://emacs.stackexchange.com/questions/45749/outline-minor-mode-folding
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a. Because testing is good method to make there are not defects in the software
b. Because verification and validation are nto enough to get to know the q uality of the
software
c. Because testing measures the quality of the software system and helps to increase
the quality
d. Because testing finds more defects than reviews and inspections
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eng
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7558ac8a-9c03-4aab-b307-cfce7f101538
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https://eduladder.com/viewquestions/12845/like.php?id=12845&type=dislikequestion&userid=&title=Why-is-testing-necessary-
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My company uses gmail for our work email. Frequently I accidentally open google hangouts with random strangers* - is there any way to just remove non-company people from the hangouts search entirely?
*Basically what happens is I type in the coworkers first name and press enter, because they're guaranteed to be the first entry to the search - but my mouse happens to be hovering over another search result. I don't understand why Google can display a handy little alert in the chat window that the person I'm chatting with doesn't have an email in the same domain, but they can't filter nonmatching domains from the search in the first place... -grumblegrumble-
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eng
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1e95c374-f385-44fb-999b-20135dc60f36
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https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/66986/hide-non-coworkers-from-hangouts-search
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Purple: Map
Wikipedia article:
Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article:
Purple is a general term used in English for the range of shades of color occurring between red and
blue. In additive light combinations it occurs
by mixing the primary colors red and
blue in varying proportions. In subtractive pigments it can be equal to the primary color
magenta or be formed by mixing magenta with
the secondary colors red or blue, or
by mixing just the latter two, in which case a color of low
saturation will result. Low saturation
will also be caused by adding a certain quantity of the third
primary color (green for light or yellow for pigment). There is a
disagreement over exactly which shades can be described as purple,
some people preferring more precise terms such as magenta or
heliotrope for particular shades.
A difference in retinal sensitivity to red
and blue light between individuals can cause further
disagreement.
In color theory, a "purple" is defined
as any non-spectral
color between violet and red
(excluding violet and red themselves). The spectral colors violet and indigo are not purples according to color
theory but they are purples according to common English usage since
they are between red and blue.
In art, purple is the color on the color wheel between magenta and violet and
its tints and shades. This
color, electric purple, is shown below.
Etymology and definitions
The word 'purple' comes from the Old
English word purpul which originates from the Latinpurpura. This in turn is derived from
the Koine Greek (porphyra),
name of the dye manufactured in classical
antiquity from the mucus-secretion of the hypobranchial gland of a
marine snail known as the Murex brandaris or the spiny
dye-murex.
The first recorded use of the word 'purple' in English was in the
year A.D. 975.
Purple versus violet
Violet is a spectral color
(approximately 380-420 nm), of a shorter wavelength than
blue, while purple is a combination of
red and blue
or violet light. The purples are colors that are not spectral colors – purples are extra-spectral
colors. In fact, purple was not present on Newton's color wheel (which went directly
from violet to red), though it is on modern ones, between red and
violet. There is no such thing as the "wavelength of purple light";
it only exists as a combination.
On the CIE xy chromaticity
diagram, violet is on the curved edge in the lower left, while
purples are the straight line connecting the extreme colors red and
violet; this line is known as the line of purples, or the purple
line.
One interesting psychophysical feature
of the two colors that can be used to separate them is their
appearance with increase of light
intensity. Violet, as light intensity increases, appears to
take on a far more blue hue as a result of what is known as the
Bezold-Brücke shift. The
same increase in blueness is not noted in purples.
Pure violet cannot be reproduced by a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color
system, but it can be approximated by mixing blue and red. The
resulting color has the same hue but a lower
saturation than pure
violet.
Properties
On a chromaticity diagram, the
straight line connecting the extreme spectral colors (red and violet) is known as the 'line of
purples' (or 'purple boundary'); it represents one limit of
humancolor
perception. The color magenta used in the CMYKprinting process is on the
line of purples, but most people associate the term "purple" with a
somewhat bluer shade. Some common
confusion exists concerning the color
names "purple" and "violet". Purple is a mixture of red and
blue light, whereas violet is a spectral
color.
Historical development of purple
Tyrian purple: Classical antiquity
The actual color of Tyrian purple, the original
color purple from which the name purple is derived, is the color of
a dye made from a mollusc that
in classical antiquity became a symbol of royalty because only the very wealthy could
afford it. Therefore, Tyrian purple was also called imperial purple.
Han purple: Ancient China
Royal purple: Medieval Europe
This shade of purple is bluer than the ancient Tyrian purple.
In medieval Europe, blue dyes were rare and
expensive, so only the most wealthy or the aristocracy could afford to wear them. (The
working class wore mainly green and brown.) Because of this
(and also because Tyrian purple had gone out of use in western Europe after the collapse of the
Western Roman Empire in AD
476), Europeans' idea of purple shifted towards this more bluish
purple known as royal purple because of its
similarity to the royal blue worn by the
aristocracy. This was the shade of purple worn by king in medieval
Europe.
Artists' pigment purple (red-violet): 1930s
'Royal purple' (shown above) or the dark violet color known as
vulgar purple is the common layman's idea of purple, but
professional artists, following Munsell color system (introduced in
1905 and widely accepted by 1930), regard purple as being
synonymous with the red-violet color
shown at right, in order to clearly distinguish purple from
violet and thus have access to a
larger palette of colors . This red-violet color,
called artist's purple by artists, is the pigment
color that would be on a pigment color color
wheel between pigment violet
and pigment (process) magenta.
In the Munsell color system, this color at the maximum chroma of 12
is called Red-Purple.
Artists' pigments and colored pencils labeled
as purple are colored the red-violet color shown at right.
Electric purple: 2000s
This color, electric purple, is precisely halfway
between violet and magenta and thus fits the artistic definition of
purple.
Using additive colors such as those on computer screens, it is
possible to create a much brighter purple than with pigments where
the mixing subtracts frequencies from the component primary colors.
The equivalent color on a computer to the pigment color red-violet
shown above would be this electric purple, i.e. the much brighter
purple you can see reproduced on the screen of an electroniccomputer.
This color is pure purple conceived as computer artists conceive it, as the pure
chroma on the computer screencolor wheel halfway between electric violet
and electric magenta. Thus, electric purple is the purest and
brightest purple that it is possible to display on a computer
screen.
Computer web color purples
Purple (HTML/CSS color)
This purple used in HTML and CSS actually is deeper and has a more
reddish hue (#800080) than the X11
color purple shown below as purple (X11 color)
(#A020F0), which is bluer and brighter.
This color may be called HTML/CSS purple.
Purple (X11 color)
At right is displayed the color purple, as defined in the X11 color, which is a lot brighter and bluer
than the HTML purple shown above.
Medium purple (X11)
Displayed at right is the web color medium
purple.
This color is a medium shade of the bright X11 purple
shown above.
Additional variations of purple
Orchid
The color orchid is a light shade of purple. The
name 'orchid' originates from the flowers of some species of the
vast orchid flower family, such as
Laelia furfuracea and Ascocentrum pusillum, which
have petals of this color.
Heliotrope
Psychedelic purple
The pure essence of purple was approximated in pigment in the late
1960s by mixing fluorescent magenta and
fluorescent blue pigments together to make fluorescent
purple to use in psychedelicblack lightpaintings. This shade of purple was very popular
among hippies and was the favorite color of
Jimi Hendrix. Thus it is called
psychedelic purple. It is shaded somewhat more
toward the magenta than electric purple.
In the
1980s there was a Jimi Hendrix Museum in a Victorian house on the east side of Central
Ave. one half block south of Haight Street in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco which was painted this color.
Mulberry
The color mulberry is displayed at right. This
color is a representation of the color of mulberryjam or pie. This was a Crayolacrayon color from 1958 to 2003.
The first recorded use of Mulberry as a color name in English was
in 1776.
Pansy purple
The pansy flower has varieties that exhibit
three different colors: pansy (a deep shade of violet), pansy pink,
and pansy purple.
The first recorded use of Pansy Purple as a color name in English
was in 1814.
Purple in nature
Plants
Animals
Purple in human culture
Academic Dress
In the
Frenchacademic dress
system, the five traditional fields of study (Arts, Science,
Medicine, Law and Divinity) are each symbolized by a distinctive
color, which appears in the academic
dress of the people who graduated in this field. Purple
(usually a hue close to Royal Purple) is the distinctive color for
Divinity. It is also worn by high academic officials (University
President, Head of Faculty, Rector, etc.) regardless of the field
in which they graduated.
Astronomy
One of the stars in the Pleiades, called Pleione, is sometimes called Purple Pleione
because, being a fast spinning star, it has a purple hue caused by
its blue-white color being obscured by a spinning ring of
electrically excited red hydrogen gas.
Billiard games
Purple is the color of the ball in Snooker Plus with a 10-point value.
In the game of pool, purple is
the color of the 4-solid and the 12-striped balls.
Calendars
Purple is associated with Saturday on
the Thai solar calendar. Anyone
may wear purple on Saturdays and anyone born on a Saturday may
adopt purple as their color.
Heraldry
Porpora, or purpure, was not one of the
usual tincture in European
heraldry, being added at a late date to
bring the number of colors plus metals to seven, so that they could
be given planetary associations. The classic early example of purpure is in
the coat of arms of the Kingdom of
León: argent, a lion purpure, as early as
1245.
In
China, the Chinese name of the Forbidden City literally means "purple forbidden city" 紫禁城 with
first character 紫 meaning purple (even though the Chinese Emperor himself wore yellow, which was considered in China to be the
imperial color).
Literature
As a result of its association with royalty and luxury, the
term purple is often used to describe pretentious or
overly embellished literature. For example, a paragraph containing
an excessive number of long and unusual words is called a purple
passage (see Purple prose).
Military
In the United States and United Kingdom militaries, purple refers to programs or
assignments that are "joint", i. e., that are not confined to a
single service such as the Army or Navy, but apply to the entire defense establishment.
Assignment to one or more joint billets is
required for promotion to flag rank
(Rear Admiral and higher) in the U.S.Navy. Officers in joint billets are
sometimes referred to as "wearing purple" (the phrase is purely
metaphorical as there are no purple uniforms in the U.S. armed forces or UK armed forces).
Politics
In the politics of the
Netherlands, purple ("paars"
in Dutch) means a government coalition of right-liberals and
socialists (symbolized by blue and red,
respectively), as opposed to the more common coalitions of the
Christian-democratic
center-party with one of the other two. From 1994 to 2002 there
have been two purple cabinets.
In United States politics, a purple
state is a state equally balanced between Republican (currently
symbolized by red) and Democrat (currently
symbolized as blue)
Religious text
Rhyme
Few, if any words used in modern English rhyme with the word
"purple."
Robert Burns rhymes purple with
"curple" in his Epistle to Mrs. Scott. Burns is, as far as we can
tell, the only writer to have used the word. A curple refers to 1)
the small of the waist before the flare of the hips or 2) a
derriere, rump or behind.
See also
References
Graham, Lanier F. (editor) The Rainbow Book Berkeley,
California: Shambhala Publications and The Fine Arts Museums of San
Francisco (1976)
Varichon, Anne Colors: What They Mean and How to Make
Them New York:2006 Abrams Page 161
Graham, Lanier F. (editor) The Rainbow Book Berkeley,
California:1976 Shambala Publishing and The Fine Arts Museums of
San Francisco Purple is
halfway between magenta and violet
Varichon, Anne Colors:What They Mean and How to Make
Them New York:2006 Abrams Page 140 – This information is in
the caption of a color illustration showing an 8th Century
manuscript page of the Gospel of Luke written in gold on Tyrian
purple parchment.
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Subject wise Global Events
Rice Production
Rice is the staple in the diet for much of the world. It runs a close second to wheat in its importance as a food cereal in the human diet. About 670 Million Metric Tons of rice is grown annually compared to 680 MMT for wheat, 440 MMT for oil seeds, and 1090 MMT for coarse grains (corn, sorghum, barley, oats, rye, millet and mixed grains.) Most coarse grains go into animal feed where its impact on the human diet is not as great (eight lbs. of grain are needed to produce one lb. of beef). Rice produces more food energy per acre than other cereal grains, and is second only to wheat in terms of protein per acre produced. Rice production has more than doubled in the last 40 years. Most of the increase in production has been a result of improved field yields. Acreage planted in rice has only increased about 30 per cent. Rice is best grown in flooded fields and so acreage is limited by soil type and supply of water.
Open access journal articles are essentially peer-reviewed and available for access through the directory of Open Access journals. OMICS Group International supports this system and provides access to 700+ peer-reviewed journals with no restrictions and thus promotes the Open Access movement with a view to promote scientific advancements. The research articles published in OMICS Group journals are immediately and permanently available online without charge.
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Karatsuba method of multiplication
Consider the simple case of two multiple digit decimal numbers, written in the
form of and for some positive integer
. Then their product is
But we can find that so we can simply
calculate the product by the algorithm below:
Multiplication: and
Addition: and
Multiplication:
Subtraction:
Addition, with digit shifting:
So if each of are of digits, the naive multiplication will do
single-digit multiplications. The Karatsuba method will do:
single-digit multiplication
single-digit addition
single-digit multiplication
single-digit subtraction, twice
single-digit addition, twice
So a total of multiplications and addition/subtractions, which
is an obvious reduction from multiplications. Recursive application
gives a complexity of for multiplying two -digit
numbers.
Generalizing the Karatsuba method, we can assume the two numbers are of the
form and for a -ary number. But we
need both and to be digits to apply this method.
If we do not only split a -digit number into two, like above, but
numbers, then we have the Toom-Cook multiplication,
of complexity where the complexity of addition
of small constants, the time for sub-multiplication;
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What is your familiarity with memory management? Are these objects ones that live to the end of the program?
– user40980Jun 20 '14 at 14:41
3 Answers
3
If the object lives to the end of the program, then you don't need to call free, but I would hold that it is still good practice to do so. The reason here is that, at the end of your code's execution, all of the memory will be free'd anyway, so there's no need to do so explicitly. Otherwise, yes; use free always.
As pointed out in this question, for the particular case of freeing memory immediately before terminating the program, free is a waste of time if your program runs on pretty much any modern operating system. You'll be making the allocator do the work of tracking down the memory and marking it as unused, despite the fact that the OS can free the memory in one fell swoop. As Raymond Chen points out, if the amount of memory to be freed at program exit is large, the time wasted can be significant.
However, this behavior is still OS-dependent. With respect to the language, it is always wrong to not free memory. More importantly, tools like lint or Valgrind will report this as an error, and if you get used to ignoring their errors you defeat the purpose of using them. So I'd treat the practice of not freeing at program exit as an optimization, and you shouldn't optimize prematurely.
If we're not talking about program exit, failing to free is most definitely a bug. No one would intentionally do that if their goal is to write a program that doesn't leak memory.
Each call to malloc allocates memory on the heap and returns a pointer to it. If you do not call free on the returned pointer, the memory is not freed (so you get a memory leak).
In most trivial cases it is not really necessary to call free (i.e. the application will probably run fine without it), but most people (rightly) consider not freeing the memory a bug.
There are also cases when you allocate memory with malloc and leave it in a static or global variable, relying on the operating system to release this memory when the application finishes running. Normally you shouldn't do this. If you have need of a memory block to remain allocated as long as a library has work to do, consider adding a Finalize/Close/Finish/Uninitialize API to your library that de-allocates this memory (such an API should be called as the last call of your program into your library API).
TLDR: While in most cases it may not be strictly necessary, omitting free-ing the memory is a bug and you (probably) should avoid it (i.e. ensure you always call free for malloc-ed memory).
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Description
The only language which uses LanguageConverter::guessVariant is LanguageSr. It's a huge hack -- it avoids conversion of the *whole page* to sr-ec if there are enough "cyrillic looking" letters on the page, even if there are large chunks of latin text which need conversion. Even if you like the overall idea of guessing the variant used by a given editor, the granularity is all wrong: recursiveConvertTopLevel is first called on *the entire page contents* (HTML tags and attributes included) and then makes a decision whether to do conversion *at all*. It's basically an error if guessVariant ever returns true at this point, since that will cause all conversion on the rest of the page to be skipped. The next time recursiveConvertTopLevel is invoked we're at the level of individual attribute strings (typically title attributes for links) -- and if guessVariant returns true here it will result in the title text not being converted while the link text is converted; that's basically never the right thing to do either. There are probably other ways you can sneak back into the recursiveConvertTopLevel, but I can't think of anything good that would come of it.
The guessVariant function didn't even seem to work right when it was first introduced (see T37076 and its comments). I'm guessing its only mildly acceptable on srwiki because all articles on srwiki seem to be written either one variant or the other (usually cyrillic), so guessVariant results in conversion being completely disabled at the top level for one or the other variant.
I'm not going to implement guessVariant for Parsoid (T43716) -- it's basically impossible to do so compatibly because it depends on running an arbitrary character-counting heuristic over the exactly HTML string which the PHP parser generates. I'd recommend it be deprecated and eventually removed from the PHP parser as well.
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Search form
Browse in your own language
You are here
Agriculture
Kenyan households that are exclusively engaged in agriculture contributed 31.4% to the reduction of rural poverty, and agriculture remains the largest income source for both poor and non-poor households in rural areas, according to the latest World Bank economic analysis.
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Contents
Keonjhar State was founded sometime in the first half of the 12th century, the founder being Jati Singh (Jyoti Bhanj), brother of Adi Singh (Adi Bhanj), founder of Mayurbhanj State. Another version of the legend credits Jai Singh, a son of Man Singh, the Maharaja of Jaipur in Rajputana, who during a pilgrimage to the Jagannath shrine in Puri, married a woman named Padmavati, who was the daughter of Pratapendra Deb, the Gajapati King of Puri. Jai Singh received as a dowry the State of Hariharpur, which then comprised the two States of Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar. Padmavati bore him two sons: Adi Singh and Joti Singh. Following some successful territorial conquests, Adi Singh was given the title of Bhanj by the Gajapati King of Puri.[3]
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17 Powerful Quotes About Happiness, Change In Life And Love. Get Happy Now: Live The Life You Deserve
17 Inspiring Happiness Quotes
Is happiness really important? I find that we all react differently to this question. Most people tend to imagine that happiness is not something we need dearly in life. While others consider happiness as one of the vital necessities to humankind. All the same, we are going to discuss why happiness is so important.
Let's start by first understanding what happiness is. Happiness is majorly a feeling that is associated with joyfulness and a cheerful mood. But this is not just another simple passing mood. As humans, we are emotional creatures. That is why we experience a range of feelings every day. From the time we wake up to the time we sleep: there's always a range of different emotions.
What's more, we even feel what we dream. For instance, have you ever woken up suddenly due to a scary dream? Now, remember how you felt. Terrifying right? Fear and anger are meant to help you get away from danger while laughter and smiles are meant to give you the best time of your life. So why don't some people find the happiness that important even after all this?
We all tend to believe that in life we need to suffer. Even if you have that dream job, there's a probability that you might not actually be happy. That said, it's rare to find someone enjoying their day to day activities. We are miserable creatures and we know it. But that doesn't mean that this is how we are meant to be. On the contrary, there are a lot of reasons why we need to be happy.
Here is the reason why you should be happy:
People Who Are Happy Tend To Be More Productive
Generally, happy people are often in the self-realization word. That being the case, they spend less time vetting and complaining about their life being unfair. Instead, they are optimistic, self-driven and happy with the life they have.
Hence, such a person get to accomplish more in an average day. That is why happy people will always accomplish more goals than people who are always unhappy.
People Love You
I guess you'd do anything for the most important people in your life. Maybe even die for their sake, right? Well, whatever you are feeling is not displaced. If all you are looking for is a reason to be happy then the best place to start is always with the people who love you.
It doesn't matter how tough life gets there will be always people who care for you. Of course, your loved ones do not want to see you miserable and unhappy. In that case, if you care about them as much as they care for you, then you will choose happiness for their sakes.
Happiness Means Better Relationships With People Around You
When you are happy, you will find it easier to relate to the people around you. Simply, when you choose to be happy, you will be surprised how well your work relationships will improve. Also, you will notice some difference in how you relate with your friends, family and your other loved ones. Everything is just better where there is happiness.
You Are Alive
At times, it doesn't matter what you are going through in your life. May it be sickness, sadness, unhappy moments or pain? Being alive is always the one thing that you need to be grateful for. Every day, people we love leave us unexpectedly.
If today was your last day on earth, what would you do? Would you rather spend time whining about all the things you don't have? I bet not. You would rather spend some good time with your loved ones. Maybe relax, laugh and love the people who care for you.
Life Is Unpredictable
What are you up to at this moment? Well, do you know your life can change without even a notice? Then why not enjoy every single moment in your life. The outcomes of tomorrow are not written on stone.
On top of that, you don't know what will happen when tomorrow comes. So if you want to have a happy life start by enjoying your life now. Tomorrow will have its own set of problems and you might not get the chance to smile.
Inspirational Quotes About Happiness:
3. "Our capacity to draw happiness from aesthetic objects or material goods, in fact, seems critically dependent on our first satisfying a more important range of emotional or psychological needs, among them the need for understanding, for love, expression and respect." – Alain De Botton
4. "5. "When one door of happiness closes, another opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one that has been opened for us." – Helen Keller
6. "We begin from the recognition that all beings cherish happiness and do not want to suffer7. "Even a happy life cannot be without a measure of darkness, and the word happy would lose its meaning if it were not balanced by sadness. It is far better to take things as they come along with patience and equanimity." – Carl Jung
8. "Folks are usually about as happy as they make their minds up to be." – Abraham Lincoln
9. "It's so hard to forget pain, but it's even harder to remember sweetness. We have no scar to show for happiness. We learn so little from peace." – Chuck Palahniuk
10. "You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life." – Albert Camus
11. "People are unhappy when they get something too easily. You have to sweat – that's the only moral they know." – Dany Laferrière
12. Happiness cannot be traveled to, owned, earned, worn or consumed. Happiness is the spiritual experience of living every minute with love, grace, and gratitude." – Denis Waitley
13. "14. "The essence of philosophy is that a man should so live that his happiness shall depend as little as possible on external things." – Epictetus
16. "Let us be grateful to the people who make us happy; they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom." – Marcel Proust
17. Cheerfulness is what greases the axles of the world. Don't go through life creaking." – H.W. Byles
Summary
I guess this is probably something that you will hear every day for the rest of our life, but I'll still say it again. Life is too short to be unhappy. I chose to be happy and I'm loving the turns my life is making every single day. That is why I believe that everyone else out there should also make this choice. Just let the negative vibes go an embrace positive happy vibes. You will be surprised how your life can change for the better in just a moment.
"Fear and anger are meant to help you get away from danger". So true! And I recently posted on a similar idea—would be very interested in your feedback—
Growingupsideways.blog/2019/04/30/fear-hope/
Again, another interesting and inspiring post! Thanks!
Be well and happy! 🙃
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What is your opinion on AngryJoeShow?
So AngryJoeShow is a Youtuber channel ( and has his own website (which hold all of his videos) (
Yeah, I've seen a few of Yahtzee's reviews, and I just can't enjoy them. For one, that guy talks WAY to fucking fast, and it's extremely difficult to understand what he's saying. And, he complete shit on Pokemon White, which was an AMAZING game.
I respect Joe. He can find compromise with his viewers because he has the skills. But it often bothers me when he complains about linear game play. Older games used to have linear story, but the games were challenging. And he is decent. - The best thing about him, he's a metalhead!
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Tag Info
First, I think it worthwhile considering 'Why would internal symmetry be beneficial?' Developmental simplicity jumps to mind immediately. You can also consider relationship to external organs; the stomach and esophagus are lined up with the mouth which is symmetrical about the sagittal plane. Or maybe even balance; the lungs are large organs and if put to ...
Smith et al. (2009) provide a survey of the morphology of the cecal appendix. One current hypothesis is that the appendix provides "safe harbor" for symbiotic gut bacteria. Among mammals, there is a vast array of cecal appendices:
In summary:
A comparative anatomical approach reveals three apparent morphotypes
of the cecal appendix, as well as appendix-...
Building on the answer given by Sean Connolly above, it would be very easy to imagine evolutionary scenarios where organs are more likely to develop asymmetrically than symmetrically.
For instance, imagine an organism that has a simple digestive system that consists only of a single undifferentiated intestine that runs directly from mouth to anus in a ...
Usually,blood moves through the body by force from the contraction of ventricles, the contraction on muscles, gravity, or other forces. At death, the only force left is gravity, which is why we see lividity (or livor mortis -pooling of blood in dependent positions) after death. This continues for ~8-12 hours (depending in part on temperature).
The blood in ...
The number of mammary glands a species has is related to litter size. The relationship generally follows the "one-half rule," which states that the average litter size is equal to half the number of mammaries. The number of mammaries also tends to put an upper limit on litter size. It's not necessarily a hard limit, but survival tends to drop noticeably when ...
Aside from humans, it is largely rodents and most notably rabbits that have an appendix. Therefore, using rabbits as my example:
In rabbits, the appendix is thought to have a key role in the development of the immune system. Specifically it has been shown experimentally that when neonatal rabbits are given an appendectomy levels of Immunoglobulin A and G (...
I'll contradict the answer posted here (ages ago) and say no, it isn't possible. Growing an organ wthout MHC proteins might be achievable, but it would be rejected for not having MHC1. NK cells instruct all cells without MHC1 to perform apoptosis. In this case, MHC1 antigens are required on cells for proper self-identification.
Keeping MHC1-less cells alive ...
First of all, it will be practically impossible to make an estimation of how long a transplanted organ will live and how many times it could be transplanted. However, it is relatively safe to say that it will not live forever.
To be able to receive an organ transplantation, the HLA MHC-complexes of donor and receiver need to be matched very carefully, to ...
The median lifetime of an organ transplant is some 5 to 10 years mainly due to chronic rejection mediated by host-versus-graft immune responses. Hence long-term transplants definitely have a limited half life. However, this graft rejection is relatively slow and early explantation and re-implantation in a new host may actually "reset" this process? With re-...
While organs are generally considered to have a single, specified function (or perhaps a group of closely-related functions), blood (the fluid inside the vessels, not the vessels themselves) has many different functions:
deliver $O_2$ from lungs to cells
remove waste $CO_2$ from cells to lungs
respond to injury by clotting
carry multiple different types of ...
As part of your question, you ask if other animals can create sound without continuous airflow. Many insects (e.g. cicadas and moths) do exactly this by using tymbals. A tymbal/timbal is an external membrane organ that is controlled by muscles or wing movements, that cause the membrane to flip back and forth, creating clicks or other sounds. So in many ways ...
Yes. Blood will continue to circulate (as long as you're alive and your heart is beating), so will eventually come in contact with your lungs. Once there, the gasses (O2, CO2) will cross out into the lung and be exhaled. All diffusion is driven down a concentration gradient.
Maybe it is due to two factors:
The liver is one of the few solid non-tubular organs. If a tubular organ is damaged, all the layers that composes it must regenerate. This layers usually have different cell types, which is always nasty for regeneration since some of them may be formed by specialized tissue (for instance, myocytes are very difficult to ...
Anatomically speaking, the palate is the roof of the mouth, separating the oral cavity (mouth) from the nasal cavity (inner nose). While the palate may be sensitive to heat and spiciness (via the capsaicin receptor, for example), it does not contain any taste buds, which are located on the tongue, and are part of the taste-sensing system. The other part of ...
DNA will be never replaced (unless you are speaking about something, where DNA might be only trash, like in the case of blood transplantation or in the case when "organ" would be slowly replaced itself by host regenerative power and "organ" transplantation would be only something temporary, but then we are probably speaking about wider definition of organs).
...
It's old and I can't get access to this issue of the Annals of the New York Academy of Science, but it looks like it has some relevant information. Sifting through the abstracts it seems the vasculature of the fetal liver is completed at around 8 weeks although is still different to the adult vasculature because of the umbilical vein. The growth of the organ ...
I was told in my undergraduate degree that males produce sperm all the time, and that under conditions of no sexual stimulation, that sperm is excreted involuntarily every 15-16 days, at night, while dreaming. I was also told that the renewal rate of sperm is higher under regular sexual stimulation, which increases the fertility of the sperm that is excreted....
Here is a list of woodwind instruments. Do you know of any (non-open) reed instrument that produces a note without anyone blowing air through them? Imagine a clarinet being played on someone's lap pouring out a melody. That would be very, very remarkable indeed.
Our ability to produce sound from our throats is in theory like a reed instrument in music. Let'...
As an addition to the excellent post by Erin.
As a name-giving key feature,mammals have mammary glands.
"Animals that are bilaterally symmetric have mirror symmetry in the sagittal plane", which includes Chordates such as mammals.
Some have seen this iconic picture, showing the bilateral symmetry in chordates:
It is easy to see why most commonly even ...
Capillaries only transport blood for short distances, and within an organ. The blood supply to/from a major organ is generally carried over a few major blood vessels (usually one artery, one vein). Splicing such larger blood vessels are what surgeons earn their pay to do.
In terms of nerves, most transplanted organs function fairly well without being ...
Quoting a great biologist Peter Medawar :
It is by no means difficult to imagine a genetic endowment which can
favor young animals only at the expense of their elders; or rather at
their own expense when they, themselves, grow old. A gene or
combination of genes that promotes this state of affairs will, under
certain numerically definable ...
Not entirely on your question but I think sufficiently relevant:
This paper (freely available) identified a non-causal link between ejaculatory frequency and incidence of prostate cancer.
Men were asked their age at first ejaculation, the maximum number of ejaculations ever experienced in 24 h, and to estimate the average number of times that they had ...
Perhaps you can infer relative lifespan from the age at which organs start declining in someone of average health.
Skin, muscles, bones, eyes, and ears start to visibly decline around age 40.
Kidneys become smaller and their ability to filter blood starts to decline around age 30.
Brain function begins to decline around 70, even in the absence of ...
There are no composite tests that measure all the clinically important hormone producing glands. There are too many hormones produced by too many hormone producing cells/tissues in the body to test for all of them all at once (i.e. in a panel).
For illustrative purposes only... if you go to wikipedia they have a list of all hormones in the human body which ...
As far as it can be deducted from the picture you ask about Appendix or just Coecum. This is a normal finding and not abnormal one. (You can see a terminal Ileum as well).
If other pictures were provided it could be possible to give more exact answer.
A swollen organ may be described as distended if the swelling is symptomatic of a medical disfunction.
The purpose of most bladders is to collect and retain a fluid; if that fluid needs to be discharged periodically, and is not able to do so, then there is usually pain as a result of the distension.
Inability to urinate is known as ischuria or urinary ...
The answer to your question is not really know yet and there is whole scientific field dedicated to it: developmental biology. I'll try to explain the basics however:
Like you described the identity of a cell (its cell type; which organ it belongs to) is dependent on which of (actually) ~30000 human genes are activated (or read) in that cell. There are two ...
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https://biology.stackexchange.com/tags/organs/hot
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The table below lists the primitive Pythagorean triples $x^2+y^2=z^2$ with $z<100$ in ascending order of the ratio $x/y$. The final column shows the difference between each ratio and the preceding ratio in the list.
It can be seen that the differences in ratio (highlighted in red) before and after the smallest triple (3,4,5) are much larger than any other in the list. The differences (in green) before and after the next smallest triple (5,12,13) are also relatively large.
Question: Why are there no other small primitive Pythagorean triples close (in terms of the ratio) to (3,4,5)? Or is this just coincidence?
Given the general formula for Pythagorean triples $(m^2-n^2,2mn,m^2+n^2)$, the question seems to amount to showing that the ratio:
$$R=\frac{m^2-n^2}{2mn}$$
cannot be close to either $3/4$ or $4/3$ unless $m^2+n^2$ is fairly large. But I can't see how to proceed, other than by a case-by-case examination which would be equivalent to listing triples.
$\begingroup$Is this related to the fact that a rational number with a small denominator does not have other rational numbers with small denominators near it? If I remember right, two nonequal rational numbers $a/b$ and $c/d$ can't be closer together than $1/bd$.$\endgroup$
– Tanner SwettJul 6 '16 at 12:08
1 Answer
1
Note that $\frac{3}{4}=\frac{r^2-1}{2r}$ has a solution $r=2$. Let now $r:=2+d$ for some rational number $d$, so that $$\delta:=\frac{r^2-1}{2r}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3+4d+d^2}{4+2d}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{d(5+2d)}{4(2+d)}\,.$$
If you want $|\delta|\leq\frac{1}{20}$, then $$-0.07935<d<0.08062\,.$$ Every nonzero rational number $d$ within that range has denominator at least $13$. If $d=\frac{p}{q}$ with $q\geq 13$, then $$z\geq \frac{p^2+4pq+5q^2}{2}>\frac{q(q+4p)}{2}+2q^2> 2q^2 \geq 2\cdot 13^2=338>100\,,$$
as $|d|<\frac{1}{4}$ (making $q+4p>0$). The smallest $z$ that satisfies $|\delta|<\frac{1}{20}$ is $z=397$, i.e., for $(x,y,z)=(228,325,397)$, where $$\frac{3}{4}-\frac{x}{y}\approx 0.75- 0.701538 \lesssim 0.048462<\frac{1}{20}\,.$$
In fact, for any rational number $u$ and $\epsilon>0$, there exists $r\in\mathbb{Q}$ such that $$0<\left|\frac{r^2-1}{2r}-u\right|<\epsilon\,.$$
Take $u:=\dfrac{3}{4}$ and $\epsilon=\dfrac{1}{50000}$, then $r=\dfrac{100001}{50000}$ is a solution. Then, let $x,y\in\mathbb{N}$ be such that $\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{r^2-1}{2r}$, and you will get a Pythagorean triplet $$(x,y,z)=\left(7500200001,10000100000,12500200001\right)\,,$$ with $$\frac{x}{y}=\frac{7500200001}{10000100000}\approx 0.750012$$ so that $$0<\left|\frac{x}{y}-u\right|<\epsilon\,.$$
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522d7a9c-fe49-4be8-a09b-ec7a2b43953f
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https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1850837/why-is-the-smallest-pythagorean-triple-x-y-z-3-4-5-not-close-in-ratio-x
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Public
Notices by infinite love ⴳ ([email protected])
so paypal credit is handing over their business to a new bank that wants to do credit checking, and i don't want a credit score. i need to stop using paypal credit by june 18, but my dad hasn't paid what he promised and there's $600 on my balance.
the good news is that i technically have enough money to make this payment. the bad news is that it'll leave my wallet quite anemic. i'd appreciate any help!
@aral still, both email and ap's "privacy guarantee" is the same: your messages will be private to the servers that receive them. that doesn't preclude the "rogue admin" threat model, but it doesn't make either "public" per se.
even if your measuring stick for privacy is e2ee, you're basically making the mistake of equivocating existing implementations with the spec itself. pgp exists for email, but hasn't been done yet for ap. it's like saying xmpp is public despite omemo
@mmn@dansup@bob I think there's a difference between letting 3rd parties build tools vs. building them yourself and packaging them in by default.
For example. some vain Instagram users download apps that show graphs of follows, unfollows, etc. But users have to seek those out and developers have to build those. Should the pixelfed project's official stance be to enable or encourage that use case? Implementation and design will matter.
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473893bc-e8b3-4964-a65a-fc5bb194b347
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https://social.stormdragon.tk/user/18447
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I ran into that problem today when I wanted to tar all files and directories in a specified directory. Doing the following is not enough because hidden files (ones starting with . won't be included):
tar -czvf ~/tarfile.tar.gz /path/to/dir/*
Then I thought of the following:
find /path/to/dir/* -execdir /bin/tar -czvf ~/tarfile.tar.gz '{}' +
But this is not sufficient. What if execdir has reached the command lien limits and needed to re-run the same command with the rest set of files found?
So I needed an option or some way to create the tar file if it doesn't exists. If exists, append to it. Tried to find a solution to this, but couldn't. Thought of -r option but didn't work because it requires the existence of an already created tar file.
Does this mean there is no way and one has to write a mini-script to get this logic done?
1 Answer
1
Just use tar czvf ~/tarfile.tar.gz /path/to/dir/ without "*" which prevents the files starting with a "." from being included.
If you want to update an existing tarfile.tar.gz (i.e. add more files to it), you will need a small hack to update it, because tar runs into trouble updating a "gzipped" file.
This oneliner "unzips, updates and zips" the file or creates a new one.
The simplest option would be to use tar uf tarfile.tar /path/to/dir/ which creates the file or updates it. You will need to compress it manually afterwards (maybe copy it to a different location first).
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fe4777c3-2771-446e-95d0-8057890d47d8
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https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/497280/create-or-update-if-exists-tar-file
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Memory Cupboard : A Thanksgiving Story
Resource Information
The work Memory Cupboard : A Thanksgiving Story represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Delaware County District Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Language Material, Books.
For Katie, nothing compares to Thanksgiving at Grandma's. There's an overnight ride to Grandma's house on the train. There are the aunts and uncles, whom Katie loves to see each year. Most of all, there is Grandma, who stays close to Katie though they live far apart. But a cherished object is broken at dinner, and Katie blames herself for spoiling the day. Then Grandma shows Katie her memory cupboard. And Katie realizes that though we grow attached to our possessions, it is people who really matter. Charlotte Herman's tender story and Ben F. Stahl's rich paintings make a book that families will treasure
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eng
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4b245e86-271d-4838-8157-ba307f774720
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http://link.delawarelibrary.org/resource/IsdDPlcvUwI/
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Hmm, could be cool to have a WiFi transport world map. I generally expect long-distance buses and trains to have WiFi. Regional buses (buses outside cities) generally don't, but the buses in Värmland county in Sweden do. In principle. Local buses, municipal buses, generally don't either, but a few like Copenhagen and Karlstad, Värmland do. Of these I prefer Karlstad, as Copenhagen requires a phone registration, a step which usually means that the network will be available on the next trip. Seoul was a disappointment as yes, there was WiFi in the metro, but no you had to have a subscription (unless I've missed something).
Airports more commonly have free WiFi as well, usually with phone confirmation.
Ah, fair enough. I don't use those. I suppose technically there's a bus with destination Mechelen I very occasionally use, but I doubt I'd ever take it all the way. It probably takes like three hours with all the stops.
Over here there's a few buses and trams with WiFI, made available thanks to corporate sponsors.
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45f255ed-a5b3-468d-9dcb-ccd72701ef95
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https://thedndsanctuary.eu/index.php?topic=44.msg8781
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Introduction: I love music and I love science-- why would I want to mix the two? -- What is music? : from pitch to timbre -- Foot tapping : discerning rhythm, loudness, and harmony -- Behind the curtain : music and the mind machine -- Anticipation : what we expect from Liszt (and Ludacris) -- You know my name, look up the number : how we categorize music -- After dessert, Crick was still four seats away from me : music, emotion, and the reptilian brain -- What makes a musician? : expertise dissected -- My favorite things : why do we like the music we like? -- The music instinct : evolution's #1 hit
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eng
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0928baa8-b8e4-4e31-b550-df04f778d477
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http://link.lib.rpi.edu/portal/This-is-your-brain-on-music--the-science-of-a/s0SXxJMIg_M/?view=borrow
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Myoclonic distonia or
Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome is a rare syndrome
having several subforms each traced to a different gene. The
uniting feature is dystonia, but there are also rapid jerky
movements resembling myoclonus.
Ethanol often ameliorates the symptoms very well, and because of
it the syndrome is also called "Alcohol-responsive dystonia";
alcohol may be substituted by benzodiazepines that work through the
same mechanism, such as clonazepam.
Myoclonus Dystonia is in most cases caused by mutations in the
epsilon sarcoglycan
gene (SGCE). The disease is
dominantly inherited, that means that half of the children
inherit the mutation. SGCE
is an imprinted gene[1]
that is only the paternal allele is expressed. Because of this only
children who inherit the mutation from the father will actually suffer from the disease. If
the mutated allele is inherited from the mother the child will most probably stay
healthy.
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b00dc657-7cb2-4570-b076-eb10f0fdd555
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http://www.thefullwiki.org/Myoclonus_dystonia
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Then
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eng
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9804f5eb-db0a-461a-9053-cd9ca93647ca
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https://www.thymindoman.com/revelation-1910-bht-worship-god-not-any-man/
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The argument to the c conversion specifier can be a string containing zero or more bytes. If it contains one or more bytes, the first byte shall be written and any additional bytes shall be ignored. If the argument is an empty string, it is unspecified whether nothing is written or a null byte is written.
The argument operands shall be treated as strings if the corresponding conversion specifier is b, c, or s [...]
This means that the argument of the %c format is interpreted different in C (where a small positive integer will be converted to a char) and in the shell (where the same integer remains a string containing several digit characters). The format itself does the same thing though; it outputs a single byte as a character.
However:
$ printf '%d %b\n' 65 '\0101'
65 A
101 is 65 in octal. And %b is specified in POSIX as
An additional conversion specifier character, b, shall be supported as follows. The argument shall be taken to be a string that can contain <backslash>-escape sequences. [...]
\0ddd, where ddd is a zero, one, two, or three-digit octal number that shall be converted to a byte with the numeric value specified by the octal number.
It's an additional conversion specifier, since it's not available in standard C. It is however needed in the shell as we don't have typed variables (in the POSIX shell).
Also:
$ printf '%d %b\n' 65 "$( printf '\\0%o\n' 65 )"
65 A
Here we first convert 65 to an octal number in the \0ddd format using %o, before using the result of that in another printf that uses %b.
so it means %c does shows a different behaviour in LINUX as compared to C ?right ?
– NoshiiiJan 24 at 21:58
1
@Noshiii I would say that it behaves slightly differently in C than in the shell, yes. The argument that you pass in the shell is always a string, while in C it's a typed integer. The actual output is similar is nature though: A single character is outputted. It's not the same character because of how the argument is processed.
– Kusalananda♦Jan 24 at 22:01
@Noshiii I've added more explanation regarding this to the answer.
– Kusalananda♦Jan 24 at 22:25
%c in C takes an int and converts that to unsigned char according to the book HARBISON, Samuel P. C: a reference manual. Prentice Hall, 2002.
– thrigJan 25 at 0:32
@thrig I have slightly amended my choice words in the sentence that I think you are referring to.
– Kusalananda♦Jan 25 at 6:38
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5f11c77d-cfa1-4e6c-953e-fc90d7cf0d90
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https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/496559/c-formatted-string-shows-different-behaviour-in-the-shell-and-in-c
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The population inversion in the laser is achieved by the following sequence: electron impact excites the {v1(1)} vibrational mode quantum state of the nitrogen. Because nitrogen is a homonuclear molecule, it cannot lose this energy by photon emission, and its excited vibrational modes are therefore metastable and relatively long-lived. N 2{v1(1)} and CO 2{v3(1)} being nearly perfectly resonant (total molecular energy differential is within 3 cm-1 when accounting for N 2 anharmonicity, centrifugal distortion and vibro-rotational interaction, which is more than made up for by the Maxwell speed distribution of translational-mode energy), N 2 collisionally de-excites by transferring its vibrational mode energy to the CO2 molecule, causing the carbon dioxide to excite to its {v3(1)} (asymmetric stretch) vibrational mode quantum state. The CO 2 then radiatively emits at either 10.6 μm[i] by dropping to the {v1(1)} (symmetric-stretch) vibrational mode, or 9.6 μm[i] by dropping to the {v20(2)} (bending) vibrational mode. The carbon dioxide molecules then transition to their {v20(0)} vibrational mode ground state from {v1(1)} or {v20(2)} by collision with cold helium atoms, thus maintaining population inversion. The resulting hot helium atoms must be cooled in order to sustain the ability to produce a population inversion in the carbon dioxide molecules. In sealed lasers, this takes place as the helium atoms strike the walls of the laser discharge tube. In flow-through lasers, a continuous stream of CO2 and nitrogen is excited by the plasma discharge and the hot gas mixture is exhausted from the resonator by pumps.
Because the excitation energy of molecular vibrational and rotational mode quantum states are low, the photons emitted due to transition between these quantum states have comparatively lower energy, and longer wavelength, than visible and near-infrared light. The 9–12 μm wavelength of CO2 lasers is useful because it falls into an important window for atmospheric transmission (up to 80% atmospheric transmission at this wavelength), and because many natural and synthetic materials have strong characteristic absorption in this range.[2]
Laser wavelength can be tuned by altering the isotopic ratio of the carbon and oxygen atoms comprising the CO 2 molecules in the discharge tube.
Because CO2 lasers operate in the infrared, special materials are necessary for their construction. Typically, the mirrors are silvered, while windows and lenses are made of either germanium or zinc selenide. For high power applications, gold mirrors and zinc selenide windows and lenses are preferred. There are also diamond windows and lenses in use. Diamond windows are extremely expensive, but their high thermal conductivity and hardness make them useful in high-power applications and in dirty environments. Optical elements made of diamond can even be sand blasted without losing their optical properties. Historically, lenses and windows were made out of salt (either sodium chloride or potassium chloride). While the material was inexpensive, the lenses and windows degraded slowly with exposure to atmospheric moisture.
The most basic form of a CO2 laser consists of a gas discharge (with a mix close to that specified above) with a total reflector at one end, and an output coupler (a partially reflecting mirror) at the output end.[3]
The CO2 laser can be constructed to have continuous wave (CW) powers between milliwatts (mW) and hundreds of kilowatts (kW).[4] It is also very easy to actively Q-switch a CO2 laser by means of a rotating mirror or an electro-optic switch, giving rise to Q-switched peak powers of up to gigawatts (GW).[5]
Because the laser transitions are actually on vibration-rotation bands of a linear triatomic molecule, the rotational structure of the P and R bands can be selected by a tuning element in the laser cavity. Prisms are not practical as tuning elements because most media that transmit in the mid-infrared absorb or scatter some of the light, so the frequency tuning element is almost always a diffraction grating. By rotating the diffraction grating, a particular rotational line of the vibrational transition can be selected. The finest frequency selection may also be obtained through the use of an etalon. In practice, together with isotopic substitution, this means that a continuous comb of frequencies separated by around 1 cm−1 (30 GHz) can be used that extend from 880 to 1090 cm−1. Such "line-tuneable" carbon dioxide lasers[6] are principally of interest in research applications.
The laser's output wavelength is affected by the particular isotopes contained in the carbon dioxide molecule, with heavier isotopes causing longer wavelength emission. CO 2 lasers can be made to emit from 8.98 to 10.2 μm by selecting the appropriate gas. The table below shows the output range for nine possible isotope combinations:[2]
Because of the high power levels available (combined with reasonable cost for the laser), CO2 lasers are frequently used in industrial applications for cutting and welding, while lower power level lasers are used for engraving.[7] It is also used in the additive manufacturing process of Selective laser sintering (SLS).
Carbon dioxide lasers have become useful in surgical procedures because water (which makes up most biological tissue) absorbs this frequency of light very well. Some examples of medical uses are laser surgery and skin resurfacing ("laser facelifts", which essentially consist of vaporizing the skin to promote collagen formation).[8] CO2 lasers may be used to treat certain skin conditions such as hirsuties papillaris genitalis by removing bumps or podules. CO2 lasers can be used to remove vocal fold lesions,[9] such as vocal fold cysts. Researchers in Israel are experimenting with using CO2 lasers to weld human tissue, as an alternative to traditional sutures.[10]
The 10.6 μm CO2 laser remains the best surgical laser for the soft tissue where both cutting and hemostasis are achieved photo-thermally (radiantly).[11][12][13][14] CO2 lasers can be used in place of a scalpel for most procedures, and are even used in places a scalpel would not be used, in delicate areas where mechanical trauma could damage the surgical site. CO2 lasers are the best suited for soft tissue procedures in human and animal specialties, as compared to other laser wavelengths. Advantages include less bleeding, shorter surgery time, less risk of infection, and less post-op swelling. Applications include gynecology, dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and many others.
The CO2 laser at the 9.25 - 9.6 μm wavelength is sometimes used in dentistry for hard-tissue ablation. The hard-tissue is ablated at temperatures as high as 5,000 °C, producing bright thermal radiation.[15]
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705895b4-5e70-4516-8989-6766d34b43a4
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_laser
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The etymology of sennight is Middle English, from the Old English seofon nihta which means seven nights. The term is now archaic in the modern English language but still means the space of seven nights and days; a week.
Bangles are traditional ornaments worn by Indian women and Pakistani women, especially Hindus and are worn after marriage to signify matrimony. Bangles are circular in shape, and, unlike bracelets, are not flexible. The word is derived from Hindi bungri (glass). They are made of numerous precious as well as non-precious materials such as gold, silver, platinum, glass , wood , shell, ferrous metals, plastic, etc.
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eng
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59e95fe4-ea23-48ea-9379-e864a26d71f7
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https://ffxi.gamerescape.com/wiki/Sennight_Bangles
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I've noticed from time to time, references to psychology and psychoanalysis, for example the ironic Hedgehog's Dilemma, as well as the Human Instrumentality Project, which seems just a solution to a fundamental psychological human flaw. Even the last two episodes are a complete psychological de-construction of the main characters.
What another references, maybe even implied ones, exist in the Series? Why the focus, especially on psychoanalysis?
1 Answer
1
What another references, maybe even implied ones, exist in the Series? Wikipedia's page on the series covers this pretty well. It states that its references range from episodes' titles ("Mother Is the First Other", as a reference to the Oedipus complex) to the characters' deep psychological traumas towards their parents (see the Wikipedia page for details on each character's traumas).
It also states that the ultimate goal of the Human Instrumentality Project and the connection between the Evas and their pilots strongly resemble Freud's theories on internal conflict and interpersonal communication.
The subtitle in episode 4 (the hedgehog's dilemma, as you referenced) is a concept described by philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer and is mentioned in that episode by Misato as descriptive of her relationship with Shinji.
Wikipedia goes on to say that besides the references to Freudian Psychoanalysis there are also some minor references to the theories behind Gestalt therapy.
In episode 15 there is a reference to Gestalt's theory of change (...). Episode 19 is entitled 'Introjection', a psychoanalytical term used by many Gestalt Therapists to indicate a neurotic mechanism used for the mental processing of experiences.
Why the focus, especially on psychoanalysis?
The series has been said to be a deeply personal expression of Hideaki Anno (the author)'s personal struggles, since it followed a four-year period of depression, which may have been the main source for many of the psychological elements of the series, as well as its characters.
Wikipedia states that the author became disappointed with the Japanese otaku lifestyle during the show's production. For this reason (among others), despite the fact that it was broadcast in the children's timeslot, the series' plot gets darker and more psychological as it progresses.
Anno felt that people should be exposed to the realities of life at as young an age as possible, and by the end of the series all attempts at traditional narrative logic were abandoned, with the final two episodes taking place within the main character's mind.
I tried to include everything of myself in Neon Genesis Evangelion—myself, a broken man who could do nothing for four years. A man who ran away for four years, one who was simply not dead. Then one thought. "You can't run away," came to me, and I restarted this production. It is a production where my only thought was to burn my feelings into film.
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eng
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abae70aa-0c17-48d7-9bcb-ace8cd6b6451
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https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/537/what-references-to-psychology-exist-in-evangelion
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An image series showing the different movements involved in the clean and jerk.
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk. During the clean, the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the deltoids, without resting fully on the clavicles. During the jerk the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the head, finishing with straight arms and legs, and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell.
Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is contested in Olympic weightlifting events.
Contents
To execute a clean, a lifter grasps the barbell just outside the legs, typically using a hook grip. Once the barbell is above the knees, the lifter extends explosively, raising the bar as high as possible before quickly dropping into a squat and receiving it in a "racked" position in front of the neck and resting on the shoulders. To complete the clean, the lifter stands, often propelling the bar upward from the shoulders slightly as the erect position is attained and shifting the grip slightly wider and the feet slightly closer together in preparation for the jerk.[1]
Zulfiya Chinshanlo, World Champion 2009 in the 53 kg class performing the jerk portion of the lift.
The jerk begins from the "front rack" position, which is the finishing position of the clean. The lifter dips a few inches by bending the knees, keeping the back vertical, and then explosively extends the knees, propelling the barbell upward off the shoulders, and then quickly dropping underneath the bar by pushing upward with the arms and splitting the legs into a lunge position, one forward and one back. The bar is received overhead on straight arms, and, once stable, the lifter recovers from the split position, bringing the feet back into the same plane as the rest of the body.
There are 3 common variants of the jerk. In the split jerk, the lifter dips down their hips and propels the barbell upward by performing a short jump. The lifter then 'splits' their legs and catches the bar with straight arms above their head. In the power jerk, the lifter performs the same dip and jump movement but unlike the split jerk the lifter catches the barbell in a partial squat position. The squat jerk however, it is much like the power jerk in how the lifter catches the barbell in a squat position but unlike the power jerk, the lifter catches the barbell in a full squat position with the barbell locked out above their head.
Clean
The power clean, a weight training exercise not used in competition, refers to any variant of the clean in which the lifter does not catch the bar in a full squat position (commonly accepted as thighs parallel to the floor or below). The hang clean, another weight training exercise, begins with the barbell off the ground, hanging from the arms. Both power and hang cleans are considered to be ideal for sports conditioning; as they are both total body exercises that have been known to increase neuromuscular co-ordination and core stability.
The Continental clean involves lifting the bar from the floor to the final clean position by any method of the lifter's choosing so long as the bar is not upended and does not touch the ground. The bar may be rested on the legs, stomach, or belt. Hands may be removed and replaced.[2]
1 This is the official world record for the Clean and Jerk in the Men's 105 kg+ category; the highest weight ever lifted in the Clean and Jerk is 266 kilograms (586 lb) in 1988 by Leonid Taranenko of the Soviet Union, but this is no longer considered a world record by the International Weightlifting Federation due to the restructuring of weight classes in 1993 and 1998.
[3]
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380b238c-e7cf-43d9-8d96-22f5434e3921
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_and_jerk
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Crystal Clear Instructions with OmniDazzle and KeyCastr
I'm teaching my students how to post to a blog this week (so far they have only commented). Tom showed me OmniDazzle last spring, which makes guiding my students to specific links or pages unbelievably easy. OmniDazzle has plenty of plug-ins that create highlighted windows, flashlight focal points, and other fun attention-getters at the tip of your pointer.
As I was thinking of my first day of working with The Outsiders Blog, I realized I would need to walk them through step by step. "But how will I make sure the kid who doesn't know how copy and paste keeps up with the class?" I asked myself last night, and followed up with this thought: "If only I could display keystrokes on my screen." Enter KeyCastr. A simple program that places a small translucent screen on your desktop that displays every key you hit. So, you want to teach someone how to take a screen shot? Start up KeyCastr, take a screenshot, and the keystroke combo is displayed for all to see. I used the OmniDazzle/KeyCastr combo today with amazing success.
Both programs are for Mac. Sorry PCers, but if you use something comperable, please share!
Related posts
I used BombayTV last year to get students to illustrate the major and minor conflicts in Richard III. It could be applied to any story you are working with–whether literature or history. Actually, I imagine you could use this for math and science with a little creativity. The student's loved it.
Want some really interesting and topical statistics to use? Of course you do. This is a great site for math, stats, and sociology. Seems like Zubin Jelveh is writing things that'd mix into Dan Meyer's class pretty well. He's got everything from Pete Rose's betting stats to the cost of pennies and the economic ramifications of their removal. I thought the stats dealing with the NY prostitution ring were really interesting as well but probably not suitable for most k12 classrooms. The things that's good about these posts is that they're all about numbers and stats but they have a real solid tie to our lives and culture. It makes room for some really passionate and interesting conversations and as a result a lot more interest in the numbers. I can't recall how I ended up here so apologies to whoever I stole the link from.
I don't believe I have publicly professed my devotion to Mac here, so this will make it official. After a week of tweaking our blogging presentation, I finally sat down in front of NewsFire to dig through my subscriptions. I found a few jems I would like to share in the software department: First is Think from Freeverse. I realize our students love to multi-task, but there is value in being singularly focused at times. Think is a little app that blackens everything on your screen but the window you are working in at the moment. My first thought when I encountered this program is that it would be great for freewriting in the classroom. No distractions, just write. It may also be a tool to keep you kids from jumping between programs when you are not looking (seems harder to hide a screen while running Think). Next is Pukka, a Delicious client. This little jem is my new favorite app. Pukka is an alternative interface for posting to Delicious. It gives you the freedom to manage multiple accounts (thank GOD), and caches all the tags from ALL accounts. If you highlight a section of text before clicking to post, the text is automatically copied into the description window. I modified it with Growl so I'm notified of the successful […]
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4264fcc8-f5f5-4daa-8ef2-3cd891cb8afb
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https://bionicteaching.com/crystal-clear-instructions-with-omnidazzle-and-keycastr/
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José Francisco Peña Gómez
José Francisco Peña Gómez (March 6, 1937 – May 10, 1998) was a politician from the Dominican Republic. He was the leader of the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD), a three-time candidate for president of the Dominican Republic and former Mayor of Santo Domingo. He is considered, along with Joaquín Balaguer and Juan Bosch, as one of the most prominent Dominican political figures of the 20th century.
Famous quotes containing the word francisco:
"Mr. Wiggam, I want you to change the policy of The Clarion. I want you to write a story I should have written myself long ago. I want you to tell the people of San Francisco that no city can exist without law and order. Write a story about that flag, write about what verifies and brings a promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. There are some people in this town who don't seem to know that. Let The Clarion tell them." —Ben Hecht (1893–1964)
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6fdcdcf1-709b-4f65-87db-971919e624d0
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http://www.primidi.com/jos%C3%A9_francisco_pe%C3%B1a_g%C3%B3mez
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During the battle on Takodana, Finn takes a blaster rifle from a dead or incapacitated Stormtrooper and shows off his incredible shooting skills (Apparently he washed out from the Imperial Stormtrooper Marksmanship Academy.) He knows those F-11D blasters inside and out and can use one like it's an extension of his own body. So why didn't Finn keep that blaster?
I realized that it's because that blaster is a quite visible symbol of Finn's past identity as a trooper, an identity that is behind him, and he wishes to leave it that way.
However, he never got a chance to keep the cat from getting out of the bag even if he might have wanted to. Poe Dameron likely told the whole Resistance about Finn and his heroism, and besides he would have had to reveal his past anyway in order to establish his credibility when talking about Starkiller Base. So it's no secret that he's a former Stormtrooper.
Given the above, how does Finn himself view his past? Is he ashamed of his former identity or is he proud that he chose to desert the First Order? Or does he simply prefer to avoid discussing it if possible?
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d08ae5f9-d125-445c-943b-96d2c7188a21
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https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/150496/what-does-finn-personally-think-of-his-past
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Does anyone know a good algorithm for quickly finding an approximate solution to the following problem?
Given two square matrices $A$ and $B$, minimize $\| P A P^\top - B \|$ over all permutation matrices $P$.
I have heard that there are several types of algorithms for these kinds of problems, like iterative improvement, simulated annealing, tabu search, genetic algorithms, evolution strategies, ant algorithms, and scatter search. I am looking for existing software.
$\begingroup$This question may be better suited to scicomp.stackexchange.com since you are looking for a particular piece of software.$\endgroup$
– KayaDec 26 '13 at 17:22
$\begingroup$I'm voting to close this question, even though it is on-topic here, because it was cross-posted on Computational Science. Go there to answer or see what others have suggested.$\endgroup$
– D.W.♦Jul 20 '16 at 21:16
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eng
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e4a76f64-845b-4d8e-9282-3b5611505e0b
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https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/19303/quadratic-programming-problem-involving-permutation-matrices
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Game Description: Endothermic Inhibitor Beam triggers a runaway endothermic reaction on the target. The reaction causes radiation damage to the target as multiple ship components approach absolute zero. Additionally, the endothermic reaction weakens the target ships shields, leaving them in a brittle state as the constituent gravitons reach minimum entropy
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eng
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a02b9a39-d734-4bd3-9a86-0b8fa9679a50
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https://sto.gamepedia.com/Ability:_Endothermic_Inhibitor_Beam
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For businesses
When a troubled business is badly in debt and unable to service
that debt or pay its creditors, it may file (or be forced by its
creditors to file) for bankruptcy in a federal court under Chapter
7. A Chapter 7 filing means that the business ceases operations
unless continued by the Chapter 7 Trustee. A Chapter 7 Trustee is
appointed almost immediately. The Trustee generally sells all the
assets and distributes the proceeds to the creditors.
This may or may not mean that all employees will lose their jobs.
When a very large company enters Chapter 7 bankruptcy, entire
divisions of the company may be sold intact to other companies
during the liquidation.
Fully-secured creditors, such as collateralized bondholders or mortgage lenders, have a
legally-enforceable right to the collateral securing their loans or
to the equivalent value, a right which cannot be defeated by
bankruptcy. A creditor is fully secured if the value of the
collateral for its loan to the debtor equals or exceeds the amount
of the debt. For this reason, however, fully-secured creditors are
not entitled to participate in any distribution of liquidated
assets that the bankruptcy trustee might make.
In a Chapter 7 case, a corporation or partnership does not receive
a bankruptcy discharge—instead, the entity is dissolved. Only an individual can receive
a Chapter 7 discharge (see ). Once all assets of the corporate or
partnership debtor have been fully administered, the case is
closed. The debts of the corporation or partnership theoretically
continue to exist until applicable statutory periods of limitations
expire.
For individuals
Individuals who reside, have a place of business, or own property
in the United States may file for bankruptcy in a federal court
under Chapter 7 ("straight bankruptcy", or liquidation). Chapter 7,
as with other bankruptcy chapters, is not available to individuals
who have had bankruptcy cases dismissed within the prior 180 days
under specified circumstances.
In a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the individual is allowed to keep
certain exempt property. Most liens, however
(such as real estate mortgages and security interests for car
loans), survive. The value of property that can be claimed as
exempt varies from state to state. Other assets, if any, are sold
(liquidated) by the interim
trustee to repay creditors. Many types of unsecured debt are
legally discharged by the bankruptcy proceeding, but there are
various types of debt that are not discharged in a Chapter 7.
Common exceptions to discharge include child support, income taxes less than 3 years
old and property taxes, student loans (unless the debtor prevails
in a difficult-to-win adversary
proceeding brought to determine the dischargeability of the
student loan), and fines and restitution imposed by a court for any crimes committed by the debtor. Spousal support is likewise not covered by a
bankruptcy filing nor are property settlements through divorce.
Despite their potential non-dischargeability, all debts must be
listed on bankruptcy schedules.
Bankruptcy discharge stays on the individual's credit report for up
to 10 years for most purposes. This may make credit less available
and/or terms less favorable, although high debt can have the same
effect. That must be balanced against the removal of actual debt
from the filer's record by the bankruptcy, which tends to improve
creditworthiness. Consumer credit and creditworthiness is a complex
subject, however. Future ability to obtain credit is dependent on
multiple factors and difficult to predict.
Another aspect to consider is whether the debtor can avoid a
challenge by the United
States Trustee to his or her Chapter 7 filing as
abusive. One factor in considering whether the U.S.
Trustee can prevail in a challenge to the debtor's Chapter 7 filing
is whether the debtor can otherwise afford to repay some or all of
his debts out of disposable income
in the five year time frame provided by Chapter 13. If so, then the
U.S. Trustee may succeed in preventing the debtor from receiving a
discharge under Chapter 7, effectively forcing the debtor into
Chapter 13.
It is widely held amongst bankruptcy practitioners that the U.S.
Trustee has become much more aggressive in recent times in pursuing
(what the U.S. Trustee believes to be) abusive Chapter 7
filings. Through these activities the U.S. Trustee has achieved a
regulatory system that Congress and most creditor-friendly
commentors have consistently espoused, i.e., a formal means test for Chapter 7. The Bankruptcy
Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 has
clarified this area of concern by making changes to the U.S.
Bankruptcy Code that include, along with many other reforms,
language imposing a means test for Chapter 7 cases.
Creditworthiness and the likelihood of receiving a Chapter 7
discharge are only a few of many issues to be considered in
determining whether to file bankruptcy. The importance of the
effects of bankruptcy on creditworthiness is sometimes
overemphasized because by the time most debtors are ready to file
for bankruptcy their credit score is
already ruined.
Methods of filing for bankruptcy
Federal bankruptcy forms
Functionally, templates are more or less the computer based
equivalent of paper bankruptcy forms. The official Federal
bankruptcy forms prescribed in the Federal
Bankruptcy Rules come as Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat
formatted templates where each bankruptcy form is represented by a
Word or Acrobat file. While these forms are electronic in nature
and reside on a computer, they do not contain intelligence that
would guide the debtor. The debtor still has to fill in each
bankruptcy form separately as they would with paper forms and the
debtor still has to grapple with the complexity of bankruptcy
law.
Bankruptcy software
In bankruptcy software, the debtor interacts with the software
through a web page and is shielded from the actual bankruptcy forms
and from the intricacies of bankruptcy law. The debtor responds to
questions in an interview setting, much like with tax programs such
as TurboTax or automated documents made
through HotDocs. The debtor enters names and
addresses, a list of their creditors and assets and other financial
information and the software generates all the court-ready forms
and delivers them to the debtor via email or a download link. The
accuracy of the forms is nevertheless imperfect, as it is difficult
for software to ensure that the debtor understands what has to be
disclosed, what the exemptions for their state are, whether they
qualify for said exemptions, and whether expenses included on the
means test are allowable.
Bankruptcy preparer
An alternative to do it yourself is the online full-service chapter
7 bankruptcy preparer or online paralegal. This method appeals to
those who cannot afford the high cost of bankruptcy attorneys and
at the same time do not want the hassle and uncertainty of document
templates and software. Bankruptcy preparers fill this need. The
bankruptcy forms are prepared by trained individuals rather than by
debtor themselves. However, having a preparer or paralegal prepare
the petition does not guarantee compliance with all applicable
laws, or that maximum advantage exemptions. Preparers and
paralegals cannot offer legal advice. As with online bankruptcy
software, debtors submit their bankruptcy information through a
simple web page interface. Rather than having some software
automatically generate the forms, trained paralegals use the
information to prepare the document and then deliver them to the
debtor. Bankruptcy petition preparers are not licensed to practice
law and are not able to provide legal advice. Bankruptcy trustees
may scrutinize these petitions more closely, and ensure that
paralegals did not offer legal advice. The BAPCPA provides more
stringent guidelines for petition preparers to follow to better
protect the consumer.
Bankruptcy attorney
A bankruptcy attorney can advise the consumer on when the best time
to file is, whether they qualify for a chapter 7 or need to file a
chapter 13, ensure that all requirements are fulfilled so that the
bankruptcy will go smoothly, and whether the debtor's assets will
be safe if they file. With expanded requirements of the BAPCPA
bankruptcy act of 2005, filing a personal chapter 7 bankruptcy is
complicated. Many attorneys that used to practice bankruptcy in
addition to their other fields, have stopped doing so due to the
additional reqirements, liability and work involved. After the
petition is filed, the attorney can provide other services.
2005 bankruptcy law revision
On October 17, 2005 the Bankruptcy
Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA) went into
effect. This legislation was the biggest reform to the bankruptcy
laws since 1978. The legislation was enacted after years of
lobbying efforts by banks and lending institutions and was intended
to prevent abuses of the bankruptcy laws.
The changes to Chapter 7 were extensive.
Means test
The most noteworthy change brought by the 2005 BAPCPA amendments
occurred within . The amendments effectively subject most debtors
who have an income, as calculated by the Code, above the debtor's
state's median income to an income based test. This test is
referred to as the "means test." The
means test provides for a finding of abuse if the debtor's income
is higher than a specified portion of their debts. If a presumption
of abuse is found under the means test, it may only be rebutted in
the case of "special circumstances." Debtors whose income is below
the state's median income are not subject to the means test.
Notably, the Code calculated income may be higher or lower than the
debtor's actual income at the time of filing for bankruptcy. This
has led some commentators to refer to the bankruptcy code's
"current monthly income" as "presumed income." If the debtor's debt
is not primarily consumer debt, then the means test is
inapplicable.
Credit counseling
Another major change to the law enacted by BAPCPA deals with
eligibility. §109(h) provides that a debtor will no longer be
eligible to file under either chapter 7 or chapter 13 unless within
180 days prior to filing the debtor received an "individual or
group briefing" from a nonprofit budget and credit counseling
agency approved by the United States trustee or bankruptcy
administrator.
The new legislation also requires that all individual debtors in
either chapter 7 or chapter 13 complete an "instructional course
concerning personal financial management." If a chapter 7 debtor
does not complete the course, this constitutes grounds for denial
of discharge pursuant to new §727(a)(11). The financial management
program is experimental and the effectiveness of the program is to
be studied for 18 months. Theoretically, if the educational courses
prove to be ineffective, the requirement may disappear.
Applicability of exemptions
BAPCPA attempted to eliminate the perceived "forum shopping" by
changing the rules on claiming exemptions. Under BAPCPA, a debtor
who has moved from one state to another within two years of filing
(730 days) the bankruptcy case must use exemptions from the place
of the debtor's domicile for the majority of the 180 day time
period preceding the two years (730 days) before the filing
[§522(b)(3)]. If the new residency requirement would render the
debtor ineligible for any exemption, then the debtor can choose the
federal exemptions.
BAPCPA also "capped" the amount of a homestead exemption that a
debtor can claim in bankruptcy, despite state exemption statutes.
Also, there is a "cap" placed upon the homestead exemption in
situations where the debtor, within 1215 days (about 3 years and 4
months) preceding the bankruptcy case added value to a homestead.
The provision provides that "any value in excess of $125,000" added
to a homestead can not be exempted. The only exception is if the
value was transferred from another homestead within the same state
or if the homestead is the principal residence of a family farmer
(§522(p)). This "cap" would apply in situations where a debtor has
purchased a new homestead in a different state, or where the debtor
has increased the value to his/her homestead (presumably through a
remodeling or addition).
Lien avoidance
Some types of liens may be avoided through a chapter 7 bankruptcy
case. However, BAPCPA limited the ability of debtors to avoid liens
through bankruptcy. The definition of "household goods" was changed
limiting "electronic equipment" to one radio, one television, one
VCR, and one personal computer with related equipment. The
definition now excludes works of art not created by the debtor or a
relative of the debtor, jewelry worth more than $500 (except
wedding rings), and motor vehicles (§521(f)(1)(B)). Prior to
BAPCPA, the definition of household goods was broader so that more
items could have been included, including more than one television,
VCR, radio, etc…
Other changes
Decreased the number and type of debts that could be discharged
in bankruptcy. Decreased limits for discharge of debts incurred
discharging luxury goods. Expanded the scope of student loans not
dischargeable without "undue hardship."
Increase the time in which a debtor may have multiple
discharges from 6 to 8 years.
Limited the duration of the automatic stay, particularly for
debtors who had filed within one year of a previous bankruptcy.
Automatic stay may be extended at the discretion of the court.
BAPCPA limited the applicability of the automatic stay in
eviction proceedings. The stay does not stop an eviction proceeding
if the landlord has already obtained a judgment of possession prior
to the bankruptcy case being filed, §362(b)(22). The stay also
would not apply in a situation where the eviction is based on
"endangerment" of the rented property or "illegal use of controlled
substances" on the property, §362(b)(23).
BAPCPA enacts a provision that protects creditors from monetary
penalties for violating the stay if the debtor did not give
"effective" notice pursuant to §342, [§342(g)]. The new notice
provisions require the debtor to give notice of the bankruptcy to
the creditor at an "address filed by the creditor with the court,"
or "at an address stated in two communications from the creditor to
the debtor within 90 days of the filing of the bankruptcy
case.
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eng
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b72b946c-f02a-4288-8b1d-66007230e91e
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http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Chapter_7,_Title_11,_United_States_Code
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Summary by TK
Jan Cox Talk #314 ** Jan 21, 1988 ** - 1:48
[Kyroot reading to :11. ] [Comment re: translating (e.g., 'channeling), note that the material so treated is never anything new, needs no translation and thus no translator. The necessity of flaw/contrast. Example given of a critic's review of a Sci-Fi novel where time flow is reversed and characters become aware of it and act plot accordingly. Critic's point is that the novel is flawed because characters couldn't have an awareness of reversal because their consciousness would have had to be reversed also, yet continued to flow forward normally. What isn't seen by critic, along with everybody else is that if there were no flaw in the story there would be no story; nothing would be noticeable without a flaw such as the novel contains. If Life perfected itself to flawlessness it would become invisible to itself. The maxim "know thyself" is assumed to be the supreme end of increased consciousness and involving a process of gradual or abrupt perfecting of all personal flaws. But the final result of such would be invisibility --'to miss the whole point"; thus self knowledge would be impossible. The more clear cut and enduring a flaw in any process seems, the less is the consciousness of those who continue to notice and criticize it. The more rational and reasonable and valid seems to be the criticism of some flaw, the less do those who hold such position understand about what is actually going on. Such flaws are not going to go away in spite of the near-majority criticism and there is a reason for it to operate so. ] [To hear your own cellular voices is to render external voices/events (almost) moot. Your reaction to your cellular voice is more determining than the voices/events external supposed 'causing' such reaction. All metabolic processes are cellular level ones. If you could control cellular boundaries you could effect your own growth by controlling the materials metabolized; effect a greater synthesis at expense of disintegration. ] [Discovery of a 'new force': "The insulting force"; a new 'entity'. ] [Life as game. Definition of game: activity comprised of stated aim/purpose/goal followed by stated proscription/prohibition of certain goal oriented behavior (does this sound like the human condition or what?). In the human game the goal is 'change' but the rules/prohibitions are vague, shifting to the degree that the goal is impossible of achievement. The cellular level goal is to find and expand energy; this is the same as Life's goal. The ultimate definition of a game where the goal is impossible: rules = game. The rules are limitations just like a fence is the de-limitation of a field. This is the nature of consciousness. In the example of chess, man is a pawn while Life has all other pieces and attacks from any and all sides. ] [There is hardly any time in life for subtlety. Life is too short to be subtle. Yet everybody is busy being subtle, making no overt move, no definitive change. ] [The "exacto lips method": make your lips say what your tongue misspeaks; make the lips the watchdogs of correct speech. The second order of this: correct errors of thinking. ] [Any harboring of hostility precludes the vantage point required to criticize. To criticize anything requires 'squatting' to look at it, which necessarily reduces you to its level. The critic automatically has no superior vantage point. ] [If you attempt Revolutionary change and run up against a brick wall where no further profit is forthcoming from that particular change activity, take a 'comma break'. Turn away, don't suffer over it.
Transcript
THE FLAWS WEAVE THE VISIBLE FABRIC
Copyright (c) Jan M. Cox, 1988 Document: 314, January 21, 1988
I often remind you of the particular difficulty of trying to translate This information from the 4th dimension down into a 3-D reality that you can listen to. It is like a religious prophet coming down from the mountain saying God struck him with lightning and gave him a message to deliver; the message is something like, "Be good, brush your teeth, God is love." I came across a beautiful example of this where a critic was critiquing a science fiction story about "time reversal." He called the story fatally flawed because the people in the story were aware that time was reversed; they realized that dead people were coming out of their graves younger, cigarette butts were growing back into cigarettes, etc. He complained that the people's awareness was still going forward in time and they had simply learned to plan for the factor of time reversal. The critic felt the whole process of causes should have been reversed too so that the motion reversal would not be operating in isolation such that the characters could be aware of it.
But now note this: were it not for the "flaw," were it not for the characters being aware of the time reversal, the reader would not be aware of it either. Nobody would get the punch line of the story. There is the flaw in the critic's consciousness, and there is the flaw in human consciousness -- the flaw of seeing contradictions. If you wrote a story with a punch line that the characters weren't aware of, then nobody would be aware of it. It would just be a dull story with no point. But also note: you could still call such a story "Time Reversal." You would read the story and it would simply be that one person lit a cigarette, smoked it, put it out and some fruit fell off the tree; then his best friend died and they buried him -- end of story.
Were it not for a constant, inevitable flaw everywhere, could consciousness see anything? Or would it be like the story called "Time Reversal." You would read the story and then say, "It is as though the story were invisible, and I absolutely missed the point." Were it not for the so-called flaw, would not everything you look at become, as it were, invisible?
Let's dig into this further. Is it possible that Life is feeding people like me This kind of information for the purpose of perfecting itself? Well, that sounds reasonable so far, doesn't it? But what if Life could perfect itself...could it become sans flaws? Might Life then become invisible to itself? Humanity believes that the source of This kind of activity, of all spiritual, weird activity, aerobics, natural foods, etc., is Life trying to perfect itself. Can you see that if you could undergo an abrupt change and be rid of all your flaws you might become invisible to you? If you were flawless might you look upon yourself, upon your consciousness, and find you'd missed the whole point?
Let's push it just a little further. There's another aim besides attaining perfection that humanity has pursued for thousands of years: it is to create a level or form of super-consciousness of oneself. Humanity has searched for this both in the Yellow Circuit realms of "know thyself" and in the more passionate Blue Circuit areas of trying to be more conscious. Presumably, this knowledge of oneself, if that is the payoff, has to come about after a cleaning up of one's flaws, right? But if you did away with your flaws by yourself, you would have to become less conscious of yourself. The only way you can write a viable story is to make one of your characters see something wrong. If you managed to shed all your flaws, then instead of becoming superconscious of yourself, you might become a living phenomenon of, "I missed the whole point." "The story makes no sense. I am not superconscious of the point; I can't even conceive of what the point is."
This is a good place to mention some examples apparently "out there" because it is something that goes on continually and people miss it on a larger scale. The more clear cut the flaw seems to be in some apparently external situation in contemporary history, the more certain it would be that the situation is going to continue "a tempo" for a while in the direction that it's going. Let me give you an example. Large segments of the population in modern countries find fault with their government saying, "We have to fight a war with that other country or they will be on our doorstep and we'll be pulled into an even bigger war." A large faction will rise up and say, "That's hogwash. This war is 10,000 miles away. That's all foolishness." But see how the government will just continue with its war. Notice that however reasonable the protest, the government's actions aren't really expected to change. Then try and remember my hints and suggestions about collusions.
You as yet have no knowledge or even a good suspicion about the nexus of things. You do not in any way know how things actually work, because the more clear cut, rationally, and logically something going on in the world can be critiqued, the more that thing usually seems destined to roll right along. You need to learn how to stand over in E's back yard somewhere and realize that you do not understand how things work. Of course an ordinary person could blame it on all kinds of things; on his imagination of some 3-D banking collusion, some secret power structure running the world, etc. But with a little glass of white wine, later after the protest demonstration he might say, "I've got to admit I'm not sure that anybody in our lifetime's gonna stop them ramrodding atomic energy down our throats for peacetime use." And yet they feel the criticism is well-founded.
Let's change the subject. If you can hear your cellular voices, then you can personally feel without further debate what is the actual non-event nature of events. Again, cellular voices could be described as your own internal, natural chemical reaction to your perceptions -- it's behind the fact that what seems to happen to you in the world of events is almost of no consequence. Now I can't verbally convince you that what happens out there is of no consequence to you. But you can literally feel it, and hear it. If you can continually hear and feel your cellular voice it would be the other side of a coin, in a sense, from the world's voice, but you can hear, and physically feel it's like the difference between very distant piercing sounds and sounds that are almost mink-lined. The cellular sounds are vague, gooey, very personal. They're the ones that talk to you, and you can feel it as soon as you hear about an event out there that affects you directly, for example, when you hear that so and so died and it almost knocks you down.
If you listened right when the words were being said, you'd notice that the actual sound, the words that enter your ear are not really what you hear. They are almost of no consequence. Your cellular voices immediately speak to you about the event, and once you begin to hear the difference there is no further discussion, there is no possibility that the two are the same. When cellular voices suddenly hear some external news and then speak to you from inside and you see that it's what they say that is of real consequence to you, then you see the reality behind the persistent old ideas that, "It doesn't matter as much what happens out there as it does your reaction to it." Such ideas only last when there is a reality to them individually. Only a few people can truly discover that. The description absolutely breaks down in the 3-D world because I am attempting to say one thing while apparently saying just the opposite. To hear that somebody died is certainly of consequence, but the voice of Life telling you that in the form of the so-called event itself is not what affects you. How long has humanity been trying to explain why the same event seems to affect two interested parties in such diverse ways? I am telling you it is not the event speaking to people individually, it's their cellular voice reacting.
A real description of Man could describe him as a state with notoriously unsecured borders. Man cannot prevent other people or the weather from doing what they do, or reacting to him the way they do. What if you had that knowledge and could affect some control over your own borders? Could you see how it would then be possible on a basic level to affect and direct your own growth by what you allowed across your borders, and what you allowed your own cellular level to metabolize? What it metabolizes is going to affect you -- in fact it is you. Remember: brains are complex combinations of tissues and the tissues are complex combinations of cells. If you are metabolizing energy, which you are, it is done first at a cellular level, then into tissues, and then into organs and then into whole systems. At the present stage of human development, there are cellular systems that believe they are functioning outside this pattern; that they can discuss cellular systems and therefore they must be superior to them and separate from them, or they wouldn't be able to see them. There is some validity to that -- there is a 3-D hierarchy in which the brain can talk about the metabolic processes of a digestive system, but it couldn't take over the workings of it. No matter how you attempt to cut it, you are still dealing entirely with metabolic processes.
The use of energy throughout the system known as Man occurs at the cellular level, so if you had any control over your borders, what would you choose to metabolize? If you had that kind of control, would you then have some direct control over what is normally, laughingly, loosely referred to as "change and growth"? Let's use the standard biological description for growth and say it is the degree of synthesis, or building up, of more complex molecular structures as opposed to the degree of degradation or tearing down of larger molecular structures into smaller, simpler ones. The question of growth in any particular cell is whether it is engaged in synthesis or degradation. There's your answer. Forget about sins and goodness and all of that. Simply ask yourself, "Am I tearing down more complex structures into simpler ones or vice versa?" There is the final judgement day.
I would like to briefly introduce the discovery of a new entity tonight, "The Insulting Force." What could be its possible purpose and where did it come from?
Now I want to give you the description, definition and revolutionary use of "games." To constitute a game, you must have a purpose or aim and immediately follow that with a set of rules or prohibitions. These rules forbid certain actions that are oriented toward the goal. It actually wouldn't be a game if the goals were not coupled with prohibitions against certain goal-oriented actions. Does that sound at all familiar regarding the human condition? The goal of the human game is to change -- no matter how you describe it, no matter what language you speak whether metaphysical or not. The goal of everyone's game is to change. But Life immediately established prohibitions about what a man might do to actually change. These prohibitions are vague, unstated, uncertain, shifting ones that make the goal impossible. It's the kind of game that would give the Parker brothers headaches.
In the city there is nothing you can add to those two facets of a game that is pertinent by itself. Without both of those, nobody could understand a game and no one would play. The molecular goal in the game of Life is to find and to expend energy. In the case of Man it is not just survival of the observable organism. Life's overall use of energy in metabolism through man is synthesis; that is, the building up of more complex molecular structures -- Life's own growth. Man believes the goal is to change; to whittle away some of his flaws. But it is no game until you have the rules, the prohibitions, and the ones that Life has placed in the game of Man range from being impossible to follow to being too vague and changeable to understand. Under ordinary circumstances the prohibitions absolutely forbid that anyone ever accomplish the goal. Now that is a Real GAME. Nobody could ever invent it; it would defy the patent office. It is a game that sets Man up as the dreamed-of perpetual motion machine. If the goal, the checkmate, were ever achieved, the game would stop. The game cannot be "won" or the metabolism in the direction of synthesis (growth) would reverse itself.
Are any of you sharp enough to See that the rules of a game are actually the game? If you could See that and make it an Operational Directive, then you would have to live differently from now on. You would abandon even the cellular outcry, "Hey, remember the goal is to change!" All you have to address is the prohibitions because that's the game -- you're not ever going to get the goal. Another brilliant piece of misdirection, wouldn't you say?
I once described how an ordinary human intellect uses the confines/contrast between what it knows and what it doesn't know as a basis for operation. But it can't conceive of the fact that it can't think the unthinkable, because the very system is constructed from its own limits, and hasn't the machinery to see beyond them. You cannot educate yourself past a certain point because you're fenced in by the fence that is you and it won't move. The fence is the part you are talking to. I could describe consciousness as electricity running in a fence and likewise the game is not something with prohibitions and rules, rather the rules are the game. Take away the rules and what have you got? I could say the freedom (goal) that people could actually verbalize a desire for would be to move up in status, to dominate those who now dominate them, to have more money. In other words, people are always trying to find a way to cheat the game, to get rid of their restrictions by breaking the rules. Now that may apparently work at a chess table or with your friends or in Las Vegas, but I'm asking if you can see the idea of cheating at Life, of believing, "Were it not for the rules it would be an easy leap from here to being without flaws, to me being able to change."
As long as I am talking about games, let me suggest this to you as an opportunity to put some 4-D information into a 3-D reality. You could look upon Man as a player in a chess game. You could picture him as only playing with pawns. (A pawn can go forward and backward, but it's one move at a time in a straight line.) But Life has every possible piece and it is always making surprise moves on Man, coming at him from many directions, and often from the far corner of the board. Does this sound like life in the city? And yet people are always shaking their fists at Life, trying to plead, whine, threaten and convince Life to do what they want it to. They display the assurance, power and insight of a sleep walking pawn. And Life owns every possible piece on the chess board.
Try and see this dimensionally. It is not only Life being able to work in the 3-D reality of the chess board with experience, information, and possibilities. What I am pointing to is to make you look somewhere you wouldn't ordinarily imagine, and then take a right angle from that into 3-D allegories that are almost 3.5-dimensional. Whenever it wants to, it will attack you from any direction. That's not as bad as people would think, because it still makes 3-D sense; it doesn't really force you into the fourth dimension. But now visualize what's actually going on four-dimensionally (because Life is acting on you not just three-dimensionally with the information, experiences, and possibilities people are normally aware of in the 3-D chess board). Try to stretch your brain and See a right angle to all that. Don't just picture it, "Somewhere I wouldn't ordinarily imagine," -- it is that, but then it's got to be a at a right angle from that. You have to go somewhere there's no description for because that's where the information is coming from, that's closer to the reality of how Life is working. What you experience down at the chess board level are 3-D allegories which barely make it to 3.2 dimensions.
There is hardly enough time in life to be very subtle. I remember this when I get correspondence from people in other cities who have read the books or seen a few tapes and they believe that I am using subtle tricks and metaphors. They believe that I don't literally mean what I say, but that I am weaving allegories, and speaking figuratively. Once someone got a bad audio tape of a meeting and misunderstood my mention of AMv12 (the chemical substance which is This in the blood), as saying "vitamin B-12." They thought I meant we needed vitamin B-12 injections. I wrote back that they must have gotten a bad tape and their next response was, "Ah, I understand it was a subtle trick on your part, to get me to see something beyond both of those two substances."
Another example of how you can't be very subtle with This: people try to milk great importance and complex intention out of some simple ad hoc action taken by their holy man. When Budda just didn't feel like putting cream in his coffee one morning, or Jesus lost his temper at someone, it prompted history books to publish explanations and long analyses about the subtle meanings of the actions. It is built into the human wiring system to want to believe in hidden meanings, in underlying intentions. And a short step it is from there to supposed intentional collusions in the 3-D world. (I like the notion that you believe I could set up and control a complex misdirection in order to put a point across in time-delayed fashion.)
Now, as always, Look at how you think you treat yourself in many cases. Notice how you do business with your own internal guru, how you keep issues hung up in TOA while you burrow in your little brain to explore all the subtleties of possible action. All of you treat yourself very subtly when it comes to Real Action. You stall off action by using up the energy of the impulse in repeating tentative and weak considerations. I have yet to have any of you people come to me and say, "I have taken some drastic action along what seems to be a proper code of conduct for me and uh, it's almost killed me. Do you think I"ve overdone it?" On the other hand, at least you've become less inclined to come to me with subtle questions and problems. I've about got you trained to hide it with, "Should I do so and so? Yes, or no?" Of course, that doesn't mean you're going to do it, and I hate to waste my time and energy, but we have cut way down on you wishing you could spend hours talking to me in private about your personal problems and thoughts. Those of you who can really See something are starting to realize that the answer to all of it is always the same: that answer is you, and what is there for you to ask about you that is subtle? The only non-subtle question is: "Doctor what can I do, it hurts when I do this." "Well, how about just stop it?"
Something else -- something I've been trying to get to for a long time: it's called the Exacto Lip Method. Remember the curio fictitious code of Revolutionary conduct saying, "Do not say, I cannot, say I will not, or I will not try." The Exacto Lips Method is to make your lips correct the upcoming attempted misspeaks of your tongue. (We're talking about the cellular level again, about reality -- I'm not just being funny.) Your tongue is continually about to misspeak, to say, "Well, I'd love to, but I simply can't." Exacto Lips Method is: Don't play with your tongue, don't try to rehabilitate or reform your tongue. Jump up to another level, or at least over to another place. Make your lips correct it. Make your lips say what your tongue seems incapable of saying at that moment. Your tongue's too old, too set in its ways. Why be subtle? Don't try to reason with your tongue. Your lips are somewhat virgin areas because they haven't been used for this purpose before. You've got to turn your lips into Revolutionary spokesmen and watchdogs. It must step directly to the point. And it is non-fail. Once you put your lips into Revolutionary use, they'll never be mistaken or confused. Your lips will never say, "Wait a minute, how exactly is my tongue wrong? If indeed it's wrong this time." For those that undertake it, it is an immediate bypass of all the mind's attempted forms of misthink. But I'll let you take that off on your own.
Tonight I want to point out something specifically that I've used as a kind of reference point or springboard many times talking about the arts, people's behavior, etc. I want you to look at what would appear to be mental activity, the thoughts, opinions and theories people have and Hear this: as long as you are harboring any animosity toward a thing or a process, you absolutely physically, literally and scientifically lack the proper vantage point to study it. This sounds like weirdness and allegory and that's because it is weird, so be careful. Here is how weird it is: to criticize anything you have to bend over. You have to get down to a lower level, or it could not be open to your criticism. You have got to appear to yourself to be superior to the thing or it would be up to your specifications and you would not be criticizing it. Once you bend over to criticize, you're at the same level as what you think you're criticizing. Then all of your so-called ability, position, your apparent right and duty to criticize, if there were such a thing, is shot to where? To hell. It's gone. You are physically at the same level as what you were attempting to criticize.
The 4-D flaw that cannot be seen and cannot be logically proved in the lateral world to ordinary people is the flaw of hostility, of righteous indignation. Humanity, in the city, believes you can learn from that; that the primary fuel of a true artist is indignation. In the city they'll point to the artists of history, or to spiritual teachers, and claim that all the great movements of thought were based upon indignation. Somebody somewhere looked upon life in general or upon their life in that place and said, "This is not right." And their righteous wrath and intellectual ire was raised to such a degree that a work of art was produced -- but that's not art. It's on the same level as what it was criticizing. I don't mean that it is not graphically attractive, or pleasant to listen to, but to say that it's art, to say that it's superior to what it is criticizing -- that is merely 3-D truth. It is not Correct, because the artist or critic has squatted down. It's not spiritual, it's not religious. It's a fact.
One final thing I want to bring up that concerns any of you who are involved in some personal attempt in connection with This to do something unnatural to you, whether it is changing jobs, undertaking a new skill, or changing your social life outside the group. You know that the time can come when you feel you are up against a brick wall. When you get that feeling, take a comma break. It is not desertion from duty and it is not any form of weakness. Just temporarily turn away. You have got whatever you could out of it for the time being. To continue further is just a form of slow torture that's unprofitable. I'll leave the decision to you, but if you are there, and you feel what I'm saying about reaching a brick wall and you just don't seem to be getting anything more from it, then turn away from it. You may not ever have to go back, but either way, look at it as temporary, as a comma. You might go back, but there comes a time in those things when there are only two possibilities. One is that you've got every possible piece of benefit, knowledge and new information you can, and when that's so, you won't feel that it's a brick wall. The other would be that the whole thing may disappear like "I missed the point," that is, you have eaten it and now you can no longer try to be subtle about your efforts. So don't keep standing there when you are pushing against a brick wall. There is nothing to feel guilty about, there is no excuse to make, and nothing to suffer over. There is no benefit in doing something which is of no benefit. It does not matter that it may have started out based upon a sound Revolutionary principle of doing something that you would not have ordinarily done. As soon as you feel that, "I am just up against a brick wall," do not try and rationalize it and don't feel guilty, just turn away. If you Understood enough to undertake something really new and then this really new activity begins to feel as though it's a brick wall, turn away from
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eng
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87ac78fd-16ea-4634-bff0-fefe5fbbd257
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https://www.jancox.com/jan-cox-talk-0314
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The general form of the Stolz–Cesàro theorem is the following:[2] If (an)n≥1{\displaystyle (a_{n})_{n\geq 1}} and (bn)n≥1{\displaystyle (b_{n})_{n\geq 1}} are two sequences such that (bn)n≥1{\displaystyle (b_{n})_{n\geq 1}} is monotone and unbounded, then:
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eng
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7e024c9c-96d8-48bf-a7c1-b4fd9870dbeb
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolz%E2%80%93Ces%C3%A0ro_theorem
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1 Answer
1
'Sub-division' is usually used in relation to areas of land. Said areas have already been divided (E.g. separate 'lots' from a contiguous 'block'), so when somebody wishes to divide one of them further, they are said to be sub-dividing.
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eng
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ada05ebb-f9fc-48bf-be4f-7bd7b6dddc20
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https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/36662/what-is-the-difference-between-divided-and-sub-divided
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A Professor of Physics gave projects to the students of his class. The students have to form a team of two for doing the project. The professor left the students to decide the teams. The number of students in a class will be even.
Each student has a knowledge level. It tells how much knowledge each student has. The knowledge level of a team is the sum of the knowledge levels of both the students.
The students decide to form groups such that the difference between the team with highest knowledge and the one with lowest knowledge is minimum.
Input
First line of the input will contain number of test cases t; In the next t lines the first number is n the number of students in the class followed by n integers denoting the knowledge levels of the n students
Output
Your output should be a single line containing the lowest possible difference between the team with highest knowledge and the one with lowest knowledge.
My Approach is to create all the possible valid combinations of teams, and get their knowledge, sort all the knowledge, and select n/2(n is number of students) contiguous elements having minimum difference between the boundaries of selection. But this doesn't work.
Eventually I found the problem solved by someone in the internet, and I tried the solution and it worked. But I do not understand how does it work? The code below:
I do not understand how does the above code works. The above code doesn't even creates all the possible combinations. Is it using some mathematical concept which I am not able to think of, or is my interpretation of the problem wrong? Please help.
Your question is far too long. Can't you reduce the essential part of code to a single function, and throw all that console I/O stuff out? That would actually help yourself to focus more on the important parts.
– Doc BrownMar 13 '15 at 12:46
1 Answer
1
In this answer I will focus on the thinking part and less on the coding part. In other words, if the thinking is not correct, the code will probably not give the result you expected, even if the code implements your thinking faithfully.
I will just point out the flaw in the code part, without going into detail: listOfPossibleTeams contained all possible sums of pairs, without considering conflicts - if you have already paired up students A and B, it is not be allowed to pair up B and C again because that would have assigned B to two teams simultaneously. However, the array listOfPossibleTeams will contain the sums of A+B and B+C and A+C, and your subsequent use of this array did not try to detect this conflict. This is why the answer it gives was wrong.
The mathematical knowledge needed to understand this conflict is taught in Combinations
Understanding why the correct solution works is a bit more involved. The mathematical knowledge is taught in Order statistic, but typically students who are good at computer science are able to come up with an intuition about order statistic regardless of whether they learn it from school formally. (Just personal opinion; no references)
One way of intuitively thinking about the problem is this, via divide-and-conquer:
Suppose the students are divided into two groups - the upper half and the lower half.
Let's say pick two students from the upper half (named A and B), and two students from the lower half (named C and D).
Would it be better if we pair up the two from the upper half (A with B), and then pair up the two from the lower half (C with D)?
Or, would it be better if we pair up one from from each half, giving (A with C), and (B with D)?
You will notice that it is always better to pair up one from the lower half with one from the upper half (the latter case).
Now, further subdividing into more tiers, and repeat the test. Eventually you will intuitively see that pairing the highest with the lowest might be a good strategy worth trying.
Trying to prove it with theorems will involve a lot more effort. Most of the time, a beginning computer science student will just give it a try, and see if the code gives the same answers as the worked examples. In other words, not everyone go through the theoretical process when looking for a solution. Some goes with intuition and were able to cope with the assignments, at least in the introductory level.
Thanks for the great answer. I did realize the missing check of duplicate members occurring in multiple team while travelling back from my office, what I see now is that you have exactly pointed out the mistake. The interesting explanation is the second one, which you explain very nicely. Thanks a lot. I accept this as answer.
– user47487Mar 13 '15 at 13:54
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eng
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3e762e84-bf50-4413-b97c-8f8525cd41cc
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https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/276202/how-to-selecting-teams-with-minimum-difference-between-knowledge-levels
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Available Course Sections
*Please note that the course end date does not include the examination period
JAPN 101 (3 cr): Beginning Japanese I
Course Overview
This course is designed to develop basic communicative competence in the speaking, listening, reading and writing of modern Japanese and to handle your needs adequately in various limited social situations. There will be emphasis on developing an awareness of the sociolinguistic characteristics of the Japanese language.
This course is a prerequisite for Japanese 102. Students who took a grade 12 Japanese language course in high school or any equivalent cannot take Japanese 101. It is recommended that students who took Japanese language courses in high school should contact their instructor. JAPN 101 students who did not take JAPN100 at UBC are required to submit a copy of their high school transcript record.
Summary of Course Goals
At the end of the course, you
can describe your plan
can briefly express your opinion, thoughts, reason
can express your preferences in forms beyond simple sentences
can exchange detailed information
can give reasons to support points of view
can give advice in various situations.
Note: It is a departmental policy that those who receive scores below 60 percent repeat the same course before moving on to a higher-level course, JAPN102 or 151.
This 13 week course is divided into six lessons. At the beginning of each lesson, you will find a list of objectives. You will start with practicing new vocabulary and complete an online vocabulary quiz by the due date. Each Lesson involves about five to seven new grammar points, speaking, reading, writing and a lesson quiz. Grammar exercises will be provided and all exercises must be completed by the due date. You will not have access to the exercises and quizzes after the due date. You should expect to spend approximately 12 hours a week on this course. One oral interview test and 2.5 hour final examination will be given at the end of the term.
Technical Requirements for Connect Courses
This is an online course. Click here for more information on technical requirements.
Disclaimer
The course outline is subject to change. The official outline for this course can be found in the course materials.
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eng
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e2526ae5-90b6-4372-8d15-88aaed14b147
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https://ctlt.ubc.ca/distance-learning/courses/japn/japn101/
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Justice, nature, and the geography of difference
Resource Information
The work Justice, nature, and the geography of difference represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in European University Institute. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Language Material, Books.
This book engages with the politics of social and environmental justice, and seek new ways to think about the future of urbanization in the twenty-first century. It establishes foundational concepts for understanding how space, time, place and nature - the material frames of daily life - are constituted and represented through social practices, not as separate elements but in relation to each other. It describes how geographical differences are produced, and shows how they then become fundamental to the exploration of political, economic and ecological alternatives to contemporary life. Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference speaks to a wide readership of students of social, cultural and spatial theory and of the dynamics of contemporary life. It is a convincing demonstration that it is both possible and necessary to value difference and to seek a just social order.--
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eng
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779f2795-5b3f-4974-80e1-2c607cb7fa2a
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http://link.library.eui.eu/resource/XfWadsrv7vM/
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Setting: In a fantasy setting much like World of Warcraft (where huge liberties are taken regarding the level of technological sophistication), an evil emperor rules from a castle in which there are massive channels of flowing water. These channels are decorative, although the throne room contains a pool big enough to swim in.
Scenario: One day, for one reason or another, this emperor decides he needs a way to store massive amounts of electricity for use in one of his dastardly plots. He brings in the world's brightest alchemist and burdens him with the task.
I would really like it if the alchemist could basically turn the castle's decorative channels into a giant battery. He'd fill them with the necessary chemicals and components, then wire up a giant lightning rod on the top of the castle, which, when struck, would channel the electricity down into these pools where the electricity gets stored.
Question: Using the materials available in this quasi-advanced fantasy world, where the concept of a battery might already exist in some form, what would it take for this Giant Castle Battery to be even remotely "believable"? What would this alchemist have to do?
As should be clear by now, I have no real idea how batteries work. To wit, as an added bonus I would like it if the evil emperor could throw his enemies into the toxic pool as a means of painfully killing them.
$\begingroup$Honestly, a World of Warcraft style setting takes a lot of liberties with physics. The scenario you described would be perfectly fine so long as you don't try to explain it too much$\endgroup$
– AndonMar 23 '17 at 2:17
3
$\begingroup$Passes the smell test to me. Well, actually if its a lead-acid battery, I pass out on the smell test.$\endgroup$
– kingledionMar 23 '17 at 2:20
$\begingroup$As someone who's had a close call with leakage from a SLA battery -- it'd take a while. :P$\endgroup$
– ShalvenayMar 23 '17 at 3:19
$\begingroup$@Shalvenay well, technically if it was leaking it's not a sealed lead acid battery anymore.$\endgroup$
– JDługoszMar 23 '17 at 8:26
$\begingroup$Go read a basic article on batteries. Power depends on the area of plates. Capacity depends on mass of plates and solutions.$\endgroup$
– Sherwood BotsfordMar 24 '17 at 19:08
2 Answers
2
A battery consists of plates of materials (e.g. metal) with different affinity for holding electrons. So given the chance, the electron in one would rather be in the other. The fluid provides for ion transport and the needed atoms to support a chemical reaction at each electrode. You can read up on the construction details of the first successful batteries and use that for your story.
The solution may very well be an acid, in some designs.
But there are a few problems. First, the battery will have plates of different material closely spaced together. You want a small gap between them filled with the electrolyte solution. A bigger separation will reduce its efficiency. So a battery won't have an electrode on opposite sides of a bathtub, but a series of plates like slices of bread filling the tub. There's no room to add a body.
So, you design it for intimidation, not just for use as a battery. Maybe you have a reservoir of the electrolyte separate from the chamber with the plates. The addition of a body will ruin the acid, contaminating it and consuming the properties it needs to make a good battery. Some acids don't like water at all!
If you made the plate chamber extra deep so there was a foot or two of liquid above the plates, you definitely would not want to throw a body in there! The debris would slip between the plates and short out or otherwise ruin the cells.
In short, using your battery in such a manner will destroy it.
Second, lightning is not useful for charging a battery. And this simple design is not going to be rechargeable anyway: it consumes the plates and/or liquid as it produces power, and that's not effectively reversed if you try and force electricity the other way.
Even if you did have a rechargeable battery, you need a voltage slightly higher then what the battery produces, held for hours. That's not the behavior of lightning.
The most likely battery chemistry would be lead-acid. Fully charged the electrolyte contains sulphuric acid. Uncharged it would be just water.
Not sure how lethal this bath would be, but since the goal is torture not instant death, it should work just fine. The sulphuric acid would react with the eyes, mucuous membranes, and the lungs. I can't imagine this could possibly be pleasant. You'd probably want the concentration to be fairly low, so victims could enjoy their bath longer.
Storing energy from lightning in a battery is probably not that practical, though. I am not sure what low tech solution would prevent the energy from discharging as fast as it is charged. Magic high current diodes?
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eng
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64ccf46c-9ed6-447a-93a8-82807929b27e
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https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/75006/could-a-giant-battery-serve-double-duty-as-a-sadistic-acid-bath
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30 ways make the most of a manky* day room
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eng
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13f0c02e-63e5-4831-9084-251bde7fb4d4
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https://www.theripenists.com/30-ways-make-manky-day/
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Massachusetts Humane Society
The Humane Society of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, better known as the Massachusetts Humane Society was founded in 1786 by a group of Boston citizens who concerned about the needless deaths resulting from shipwrecks and drownings and wanted to find ways to save lives.[1] It was based on the Royal Humane Society, a similar organization established in Great Britain in 1774. The Massachusetts Humane Society became the model for the United States Life-Saving Service funded by Congress in 1848 and operated by the United States Coast Guard since 1915.[2]
Its first lifesaving activities consisted of publishing procedures for dealing with victims of shipwreck and other water-related accidents, and the placement of lifesaving equipment, lifeboats, and shelters on the islands and coast of Massachusetts Bay. It also offered rewards to individuals who successfully rescued people from the state's waters. By the early 20th century the society operated more than 50 support stations along the state's coast, and provided all manner of equipment for the use of rescuers.[3]
The organization's current focus continues to be on water-based lifesaving activities and general medical facilities. It still gives awards for rescues, and funds other organizations engaged in lifesaving activities.[4][5]
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eng
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13d97e2b-b071-4a91-b8aa-6d952b97a083
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http://www.let.rug.nl/~gosse/termpedia2/termpedia.php?language=dutch_general&density=7&link_color=000000&termpedia_system=perl_db&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMassachusetts_Humane_Society
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This study aimed to explore the effect of teaching through demonstration-simulation on students' achievement of energy conservation in comparison with traditional teaching. The sample consisted of fifty nine 7th grade students from a state primary school in Turkey. In the study, non-equivalent groups pretest-posttest design was used and the data was collected through an achievement test developed by the researchers, Energy Conservation Test. The conservation of energy concept was taught using a demonstration and a simulation in the experimental group and traditional instruction method in the control group. Data collected by the test was statistically assessed applying the analysis of covariance. To explore obviously the class atmosphere in experimental group, it was utilized from the teacher's observation notes and student interviews. The statistical comparison showed that there was a significant difference between groups with respect to students' scores of the test. Moreover, the analysis of the qualitative data indicated that such a class atmosphere supported the constructive and meaningful learning.
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eng
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f70a0978-4da3-445f-adc2-e83d1f1b5a0d
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http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/jbse/?q=node/151
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