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100 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Since 2000, several deaths from rabies have occurred; none of these cases had received any post-exposure prophylactic treatment. In 2001, there were two deaths from infections acquired in <a href="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and the <a href="Philippines">Philippines</a>. One death occurred in 2005 from an infection acquired by a dog bite in <a href="Goa">Goa</a> (western India). A woman died on 6 January 2009 in <a href="Belfast">Belfast</a>, <a href="Northern%20Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. She is believed to have been infected in <a href="South%20Africa">South Africa</a>, probably from being scratched by a dog. Prior to this, the last reported human case of the disease in <a href="Northern%20Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> was in 1938. More recently, there was a case of dog-acquired human rabies in a woman who died on 28 May 2012 in <a href="London">London</a> after being bitten by a dog in <a href="South%20Asia">South Asia</a>. In 2018, a man died of rabies after contracting the virus from a cat in <a href="Morocco">Morocco</a>. In June 2025, a woman died in Yorkshire after having had contact with a puppy in Morocco in February of that year.
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| 19,707,357 | 46 |
{
"caption": [],
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|
101 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
A rabies-like <a href="lyssavirus">lyssavirus</a>, called <a href="European%20bat%20lyssavirus%202">European bat lyssavirus 2</a>, was identified in bats in 2003. In 2002, there was a fatal case in a bat handler involving infection with European bat lyssavirus 2; infection was probably acquired from a bite from a bat in <a href="Scotland">Scotland</a>.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 47 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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|
102 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
In 2023, there were 15 cases of animal rabies in Hungary (9 foxes, 3 dogs, 2 cattle and 1 cat). The last human rabies case in Hungary occurred in 1994.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 48 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
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}
|
103 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
In 2017 and 2020, campaigns for fox-mediated rabies prevention were missed, leading to isolated cases of rabies. There were plans to re-implement these campaigns in 2021–2022, and these campaigns are ongoing. Canine mediated human rabies has been eliminated since 1980, and <a href="lyssavirus">lyssavirus</a>es have not been found in bat populations since 1954. The last human death due to rabies occurred in 1980 (following a dog bite), while the last case of rabies detected in a dog was in 2011. Rabies was detected in a fox in 2018.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 49 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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|
104 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Croatia has been considered rabies free since 2014, however the region has been continually undergoing internal maintenance to ensure rabies is eradicated.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 50 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
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}
|
105 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
After more than six years of absence of rabies in the country, in 2020 a rabid dog was detected near <a href="Srebrenica">Srebrenica</a>, 6 km from the border with Serbia.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 51 |
{
"caption": [],
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|
106 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
The last case of human death due to <a href="rabies">rabies</a> in Romania happened in 2025, when a man in <a href="Ia%C8%99i%20County">Iași County</a> died, after being bitten by a rabid stray dog. This was the first case of human death due to rabies in 13 years, with the previous case having occurred in 2012, when a 5-year-old girl from <a href="Bac%C4%83u%20County">Bacău County</a> was bitten by a stray dog. Although human deaths due to rabies are rare in Romania due to prompt administering of <a href="post-exposure%20prophylaxis">post-exposure prophylaxis</a> jabs, rabies continues to be present in Romania. Rabid stray dogs were discovered in 2024 in <a href="Satu%20Mare%20County">Satu Mare County</a> and in <a href="Boto%C8%99ani%20County">Botoșani County</a>. Also in 2024, a rabies case in a dog with an owner was discovered in <a href="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. Romanian law obligates owners of dogs and cats to vaccinate them against rabies, although some owners ignore the law. Romanian law also requires certain breeds of dogs to wear a <a href="Muzzle%20%28mouth%20guard%29">muzzle</a> when appearing in public. Rabies in Romania is especially present in <a href="fox">fox</a>es. Since 2007, Romania has implemented a national program of oral vaccination of foxes.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 52 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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|
107 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Romania's close relations with <a href="France">France</a> in the 19th century and the first part of the 20th century meant that Romania was early do adopt the <a href="rabies%20vaccine">rabies vaccine</a> for humans (which was invented by French scientist <a href="Louis%20Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> in 1885), with Romania creating an anti-rabies center in Bucharest in 1888. The center, which was established by <a href="Victor%20Babe%C8%99">Victor Babeș</a>, was the second such center in the world. However, Romania continues to struggle with rabies, with animal cases being discovered annually, due to a variety of factors, including a large population of <a href="mammal">mammal</a>s, especially in the <a href="Carpathian%20mountains">Carpathian mountains</a>, and Romania's geopolitical location, with the <a href="Russian%20invasion%20of%20Ukraine">war in Ukraine</a> potentially increasing risks.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 53 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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|
108 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Rabies is present in <a href="Moldova">Moldova</a>. In recent years there have been two human deaths due to rabies transmitted from dogs (in 2016 and 2019) and one human rabies death due to transmission from a <a href="marten">marten</a> (2003).
|
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| 19,707,357 | 54 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
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}
|
109 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Rabies is present in the <a href="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> region. In recent years, <a href="Armenia">Armenia</a> has taken proactive measures in order to prevent rabies. It has enacted a program through which stray dogs in several parts of the country have been sterilized and/or vaccinated, and it has created <a href="animal%20shelter">animal shelter</a>s for dogs. In 2022 and 2023 there were three and eight rabies cases in dogs, respectively. In <a href="Georgia%20%28country%29">Georgia</a>, there are up to 50 confirmed animal rabies cases per year. Human deaths due to rabies have occurred recently in Georgia, including in 2024, when a woman died due to rabies in a village of near <a href="Ambrolauri">Ambrolauri</a>.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 55 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
110 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Rabies is still prevalent in Turkey, where since 2018, one to two cases have been reported a year. Vaccines are still being administered, with summer being the season where potential rabies contact is the most common.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 56 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
111 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Australia is free of rabies. There have been two confirmed human deaths from the disease, in 1987 and 1990. Both were contracted overseas. However, the closely related <a href="Australian%20bat%20lyssavirus">Australian bat lyssavirus</a> (ABLV) has caused four deaths since its discovery in 1996; the most recent of these was
|
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| 19,707,357 | 57 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
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|
112 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
in 2025, when a man died after he was bitten by a bat in <a href="New%20South%20Wales">New South Wales</a>. Prior to this case, the previous case was in 2013, when an 8-year-old <a href="Queensland">Queensland</a> boy was scratched on the wrist by an infected bat, developing ABLV and dying 2 months afterwards. There is also a report of an 1867 case. Public health officials have expressed concern that the arrival of rabies in Australia is likely, given its widespread presence in nearby Indonesia.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 58 |
{
"caption": [],
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|
113 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Many countries and territories have been declared to be free of rabies. The <a href="Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> published the following list on 2021 based on countries and territories that are free of rabies.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 59 |
{
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|
114 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
<a href="New%20Zealand">New Zealand</a> and <a href="Australia">Australia</a> have never had rabies. However, in Australia, the closely related <a href="Australian%20bat%20lyssavirus">Australian bat lyssavirus</a> occurs normally in both insectivorous and fruit-eating bats (flying foxes) from most mainland states. Scientists believe it is present in bat populations throughout the range of flying foxes in Australia. Rabies has also never been reported in <a href="Cook%20Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="Jersey">Jersey</a> in the <a href="Channel%20Islands">Channel Islands</a>, mainland <a href="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="Saint%20Vincent%20and%20the%20Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> and <a href="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707357
| 19,707,357 | 60 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
115 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Managing stray animals, especially stray dogs, is crucial for the prevention of rabies. A policy of "catch–neuter–vaccinate–return", where the stray animals are captured, sterilized, vaccinated, and then released back on the streets, can be effective in preventing rabies. It is considered a humane policy and it is advocated by <a href="animal%20rights">animal rights</a> organizations such as <a href="Four%20Paws">Four Paws</a>. However, there are challenges to managing and delivering rabies vaccinations to stray dogs, including costs, the short duration of vaccine immunity and the insufficient coverage with regard to number of dogs in a community. A simplified and cheaper policy of only sterilizing the stray animals, enacted in some jurisdictions, helps reduce their numbers in time, but slows down the rabies eradication efforts. <a href="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a> of stray animals is a controversial policy, but it is practiced in many countries; in the United States, every year, about 390,000 dogs and 530,000 cats in shelters are euthanized. Alternatively, stray animals may be kept indefinitely in <a href="no%20kill%20shelter">no kill shelter</a>s. In addition, educating tourists about coming into contact with potentially rabid stray animals abroad is also necessary in order to prevent rabies. Since 1990, over 80 American tourists have died from rabies after being exposed while traveling abroad.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 61 |
{
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|
116 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
The <a href="COVID-19%20pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> has worsened the rabies situation in some parts of the world, since it has interfered with both the policies of management of stray animals and with the access of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for humans.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 62 |
{
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}
|
117 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Since rabies is most commonly acquired from dogs or bats, animal bites from other animals are often dismissed by the population and sometimes even by medical staff. For example, in 2018, after a British man died of rabies after being bitten by a cat in <a href="Morocco">Morocco</a>, it was reported that the man had not been advised by medical staff to undergo rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in either Morocco or the United Kingdom. A report on rabies in Romania found that "People should be educated that cats in rural areas or in the vicinity of forests pose the same level of risk as dogs or wild animals." In 2003, in neighboring Moldova, there was a human death from rabies acquired from a <a href="marten">marten</a>.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 63 |
{
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"image": [],
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|
118 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
While rabies is commonly associated with dogs and other <a href="canids">canids</a> such as <a href="fox">fox</a>es, <a href="coyote">coyote</a>s, <a href="jackal">jackal</a>s, <a href="wolf">wolves</a> and <a href="raccoon%20dog">raccoon dog</a>s, it can affect almost all <a href="mammal">mammal</a>s.
|
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| 19,707,357 | 64 |
{
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|
119 |
Prevalence of rabies
|
Prevention of rabies includes vaccinating animals (through programs of pet, farm and ranch animals vaccination and oral vaccination of wildlife), ensuring access to post-exposure prophylaxis for people potentially exposed to rabies, and educating the population, including medical personnel, about rabies. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for rabies (preventative rabies vaccines) is recommended for people who are tourists who travel to areas where rabies is endemic (especially if they plan to spend time in remote areas away from major urban centers) and for people who may be exposed professionally to rabies, such as people who work with animals, laboratory workers, spelunkers. While PrEP does not eliminate the need for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (the life-saving treatment needed after being bitten by a potentially rabid animal), PrEP simplifies the post-exposure prophylaxis treatment needed. PrEP removes the need for <a href="rabies%20immunoglobulin">rabies immunoglobulin</a> (RIG), which is very relevant since RIG is often difficult to find in developing countries (where post-exposure prophylaxis often does not include RIG, which still has a high rate of success, but in some cases may result in failure), reduces the number of post-exposure vaccines needed, and may increase the window during which the treatment can be given, since there is already a level of immunity, therefore gaining time for people who are far from places where they can receive treatment and may have to travel to the capital city of the country or abroad (although treatment should still be given as soon as possible).
|
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| 19,707,357 | 65 |
{
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|
120 |
Rabies in animals
|
In animals, <a href="rabies">rabies</a> is a <a href="virus%20%28biology%29">viral</a> <a href="zoonotic">zoonotic</a> <a href="neurotropic%20virus">neuro-invasive</a> disease which causes inflammation in the brain and is usually fatal. Rabies, caused by the <a href="rabies%20virus">rabies virus</a>, primarily infects mammals. In the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected, as well as cell cultures from birds, reptiles and insects. The brains of animals with rabies deteriorate. As a result, they tend to behave bizarrely and often aggressively, increasing the chances that they will bite another animal or a person and transmit the disease.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
| 19,707,361 | 0 |
{
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],
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|
121 |
Rabies in animals
|
In addition to irrational aggression, the virus can induce hydrophobia ("fear of water")—wherein attempts to drink water or swallow cause painful spasms of the muscles in the throat or <a href="larynx">larynx</a>—and an increase in saliva production. This aids the likelihood of transmission, as the virus multiplies and accumulates in the <a href="salivary%20gland">salivary gland</a>s and is transmitted primarily through biting. The accumulation of saliva can sometimes create a "foaming at the mouth" effect, which is commonly associated with rabies in animals in the public perception and in popular culture; however, rabies does not always present as such, and may be carried without typical symptoms being displayed.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 1 |
{
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|
122 |
Rabies in animals
|
Most cases of humans contracting rabies from infected animals are in developing nations. In 2010, an estimated 26,000 people died from the disease, down from 54,000 in 1990. The <a href="World%20Health%20Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) reports that dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all transmissions of the disease to humans. Rabies in dogs, humans and other animals can be prevented through <a href="Rabies%20vaccine">vaccination</a>.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 2 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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|
123 |
Rabies in animals
|
Bat-transmitted rabies occurs throughout North and South America but it was first closely studied in <a href="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> in the <a href="West%20Indies">West Indies</a>. This island was experiencing a significant toll of livestock and humans alike to rabid bats. In the 10 years from 1925 and 1935, 89 people and thousands of livestock had died from it—"the highest human mortality from rabies-infected bats thus far recorded anywhere."
|
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| 19,707,361 | 3 |
{
"caption": [],
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|
124 |
Rabies in animals
|
In 1931, Dr. <a href="Joseph%20Lennox%20Pawan">Joseph Lennox Pawan</a> of <a href="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> in the <a href="West%20Indies">West Indies</a>, a government bacteriologist, found <a href="Negri%20bodies">Negri bodies</a> in the brain of a bat with unusual habits. In 1932, Dr. Pawan discovered that infected <a href="vampire%20bats">vampire bats</a> could transmit rabies to humans and other animals. In 1934, the Trinidad and Tobago government began a program of eradicating vampire bats, while encouraging the screening off of livestock buildings and offering free vaccination programs for exposed livestock.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 4 |
{
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|
125 |
Rabies in animals
|
After the opening of the <a href="Trinidad%20Regional%20Virus%20Laboratory">Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory</a> in 1953, Arthur Greenhall demonstrated that at least eight species of bats in Trinidad had been infected with rabies; including the <a href="common%20vampire%20bat">common vampire bat</a>, the rare <a href="white-winged%20vampire%20bat">white-winged vampire bat</a>, as well as two abundant species of fruit bats: <a href="Seba%27s%20short-tailed%20bat">Seba's short-tailed bat</a> and the <a href="Jamaican%20fruit%20bat">Jamaican fruit bat</a>.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 5 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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|
126 |
Rabies in animals
|
Recent data sequencing suggests recombination events in an American bat led the modern rabies virus to gain the head of a G-protein <a href="ectodomain">ectodomain</a> thousands of years ago. This change occurred in an organism that had both rabies and a separate carnivore virus. The recombination resulted in a cross-over that gave rabies a new success rate across hosts since the G-protein ectodomain, which controls binding and pH receptors, was now suited for carnivore hosts as well.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 6 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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|
127 |
Rabies in animals
|
<a href="Cryptic%20rabies">Cryptic rabies</a> refers to unidentified infections, which are mainly traced back to particularly virulent forms in silver-haired and tricolor bats. These are generally rather reclusive species, so the relative degree of infection and similarities between their strains is unusual. Both are independent rabies reservoir species but make up a large number of bites. This absence of typical symptoms can often cause major delays in treatment and diagnosis in both animals and humans, as the required post-exposure prophylaxis and dFAT tests may not be run.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 7 |
{
"caption": [],
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|
128 |
Rabies in animals
|
In the United States, domestic cats are the most commonly reported rabid animal. In the United States, , between 200 and 300 cases are reported annually; in 2017, 276 cats with rabies were reported. , in every year since 1990, reported cases of rabies in cats outnumbered cases of rabies in dogs.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 8 |
{
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|
129 |
Rabies in animals
|
Cats that have not been vaccinated and are allowed access to the outdoors have the most risk for contracting rabies, as they may come in contact with rabid animals. The virus is often passed on during fights between cats or other animals and is transmitted by bites, saliva or through mucous membranes and fresh wounds. The virus can incubate from one day up to over a year before any symptoms begin to show. Symptoms have a rapid onset and can include unusual aggression, restlessness, lethargy, anorexia, weakness, disorientation, paralysis and seizures. Vaccination of felines (including boosters) by a veterinarian is recommended to prevent rabies infection in outdoor cats.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 9 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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130 |
Rabies in animals
|
In cattle-raising areas where vampire bats are common, fenced-in cows often become a primary target for the bats (along with horses), due to their easy accessibility compared to wild mammals. In Latin America, vampire bats are the primary reservoir of the rabies virus, and in Peru, for instance, researchers have calculated that over 500 cattle per year die of bat-transmitted rabies.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 10 |
{
"caption": [],
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|
131 |
Rabies in animals
|
Vampire bats have been extinct in the United States for thousands of years (a situation that may reverse due to climate change, as the range of vampire bats in northern Mexico has recently been creeping northward with warmer weather), thus United States cattle are not currently susceptible to rabies from this vector. However, cases of rabies in dairy cows in the United States has occurred (perhaps transmitted by bites from <a href="Canis">canines</a>), leading to concerns that humans consuming <a href="unpasteurized">unpasteurized</a> dairy products from these cows could be exposed to the virus.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 11 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
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132 |
Rabies in animals
|
Vaccination programs in Latin America have been effective at protecting cattle from rabies, along with other approaches such as the culling of vampire bat populations.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 12 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
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}
|
133 |
Rabies in animals
|
Rabies is common in <a href="coyote">coyote</a>s, and can be a cause for concern if they interact with humans.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 13 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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|
134 |
Rabies in animals
|
Rabies has a long history of association with <a href="dog">dog</a>s. The first written record of rabies is in the <a href="Laws%20of%20Eshnunna">Codex of Eshnunna</a> (), which dictates that the owner of a dog showing symptoms of rabies should take preventive measure against bites. If a person was bitten by a rabid dog and later died, the owner was fined heavily.
|
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| 19,707,361 | 14 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
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|
135 |
Rabies in animals
|
Almost all of the human deaths attributed to rabies are due to rabies transmitted by dogs in countries where dog vaccination programs are not sufficiently developed to stop the spread of the virus.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
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}
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136 |
Rabies in animals
|
Rabies is endemic throughout most of the world, though incubation time and antigen types shift depending on its host. <a href="Arctic%20rabies%20virus">Arctic rabies</a> is a specific strain of "Rabies lyssavirus" that is most closely phylogenetically related to a separate strand halfway down the world in India and has an incubation period that can last up to six months, comparable to that of the virus in humans. It is very rarely studied due to difficulties in lab cultivation and in finding samples, but studies have shown unique antigenic variants in different hosts, most commonly the arctic fox, "Vulpes lagopus," a highly dense species"." Though this strain is claimed to be less pathogenic to humans, that may be a correlation to low exposure rates rather than a physiological fact.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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Rabies in animals
|
Rabies can be contracted in horses if they interact with rabid animals in their pasture, usually through being bitten (e.g. by vampire bats) on the muzzle or lower limbs. Signs include aggression, incoordination, head-pressing, circling, lameness, muscle tremors, convulsions, colic and fever. Horses that experience the paralytic form of rabies have difficulty swallowing, and drooping of the lower jaw due to paralysis of the throat and jaw muscles. Incubation of the virus may range from 2–9 weeks. Death often occurs within 4–5 days of infection of the virus. There are no effective treatments for rabies in horses. Veterinarians recommend an initial vaccination as a foal at three months of age, repeated at one year and given an annual booster.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
| 19,707,361 | 17 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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138 |
Rabies in animals
|
<a href="Monkey">Monkey</a>s, like humans, can get rabies; however, they do not tend to be a common source of rabies. Monkeys with rabies tend to die more quickly than humans. In one study, 9 of 10 monkeys developed severe symptoms or died within 20 days of infection. Monkeys as an infectious agent are often a concern for individuals residing in or travelling to developing countries as they are the second most common source of rabies after dogs in many of these places.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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139 |
Rabies in animals
|
Despite natural infection of <a href="rabbits">rabbits</a> being rare, they are particularly vulnerable to the rabies virus; rabbits were used to develop the first rabies vaccine by Louis Pasteur in the 1880s, and continue to be used for rabies diagnostic testing. The virus is often contracted when attacked by other rabid animals and can incubate within a rabbit for up to two to three weeks. Symptoms include weakness in limbs, head tremors, low appetite, nasal discharge, and death within three to four days. There are currently no vaccines available for rabbits. The <a href="National%20Institutes%20of%20Health">National Institutes of Health</a> recommends that rabbits be kept indoors or enclosed in hutches outside that do not allow other animals to come in contact with them.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
140 |
Rabies in animals
|
In <a href="South%20Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="Cape%20fur%20seals">Cape fur seals</a> were reported to have attacked people on the <a href="West%20Coast%2C%20Western%20Cape">West Coast</a>. In July 2024, it was confirmed that 17 seals along a 650-km stretch of coastline between <a href="Cape%20Town">Cape Town</a> and <a href="Plettenberg%20Bay">Plettenberg Bay</a> tested positive for rabies, and that could be the cause of the attacking behaviour in fur seals. The hypothesis is the rabies was acquired from <a href="Black-backed%20jackal">black-backed jackals</a> who prey on the seals; rabies is endemic among southern African jackals.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
| 19,707,361 | 20 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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141 |
Rabies in animals
|
In the United States, there is currently no <a href="United%20States%20Department%20of%20Agriculture">USDA</a>-approved vaccine for the strain of rabies that afflicts <a href="skunk">skunk</a>s. When cases are reported of <a href="Skunks%20as%20pets">pet skunk</a>s biting a human, the animals are frequently killed in order to be <a href="Rabies%20testing">tested for rabies</a>. It has been reported that three different variants of rabies exist in striped skunks in the north and south central states.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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142 |
Rabies in animals
|
Humans exposed to the rabies virus must begin post-exposure prophylaxis before the disease can progress to the central nervous system. For this reason, it is necessary to determine whether the animal, in fact, has rabies as quickly as possible. Without a definitive quarantine period in place for skunks, quarantining the animals is not advised as there is no way of knowing how long it may take the animal to show symptoms. Destruction of the skunk is recommended and the brain is then tested for presence of rabies virus.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
| 19,707,361 | 22 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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Rabies in animals
|
Skunk owners have recently organized to campaign for USDA approval of both a vaccine and an officially recommended quarantine period for skunks in the United States.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
144 |
Rabies in animals
|
Under normal circumstances, wild <a href="Gray%20wolf">wolves</a> are generally timid around humans, though there are several reported circumstances in which wolves have been recorded to act aggressively toward humans. The majority of fatal wolf attacks have historically involved rabies, which was first recorded in wolves in the 13th century. The earliest recorded case of an actual rabid wolf attack comes from Germany in 1557. Though wolves are not reservoirs for the disease, they can catch it from other species. Wolves develop an exceptionally severe aggressive state when infected and can bite numerous people in a single attack. Before a vaccine was developed, bites were almost always fatal. Today, wolf bites can be treated, but the severity of rabid wolf attacks can sometimes result in outright death, or a bite near the head will make the disease act too fast for the treatment to take effect.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
| 19,707,361 | 24 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
145 |
Rabies in animals
|
Rabid attacks tend to cluster in winter and spring. With the reduction of rabies in Europe and North America, few rabid wolf attacks have been recorded, though some still occur annually in the Middle East. Rabid attacks can be distinguished from predatory attacks by the fact that rabid wolves limit themselves to biting their victims rather than consuming them. Plus, the timespan of predatory attacks can sometimes last for months or years, as opposed to rabid attacks which end usually after a fortnight. Victims of rabid wolves are usually attacked around the head and neck in a sustained manner.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
146 |
Rabies in animals
|
One of the largest land mammals on the continent of Asia, these <a href="elephants">elephants</a> typically live in India, Indonesia, Nepal, and Cambodia: countries that have ongoing rabies epidemics. About 1.4% of these elephants die from rabies, most of these cases come from bites/attacks from wild dogs. When left untreated, the mammal can suffer from paralytic, or dumb, rabies and their limbs slowly begin to paralyze. With that, hunger decreases, bowel movements begin to cease, and the elephant's behavior can begin to change. After five days, the animal dies. When treated, elephants receive the 'equine tetanus toxoid' annually. These vaccinated elephants can develop a humoral immune response and combat the deadly symptoms of the rabies virus.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
| 19,707,361 | 26 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
147 |
Rabies in animals
|
The most commonly infected terrestrial animals in the United States are <a href="raccoon">raccoon</a>s, <a href="skunk">skunk</a>s, <a href="fox">fox</a>es, and <a href="coyote">coyote</a>s. Any bites by such wild animals must be considered a possible exposure to the rabies virus.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707361
| 19,707,361 | 27 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
148 |
Rabies in animals
|
Most cases of rabies in rodents reported to the <a href="Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> in the United States have been found among <a href="groundhog">groundhog</a>s (woodchucks). Small rodents such as <a href="squirrels">squirrels</a>, <a href="hamsters">hamsters</a>, <a href="guinea%20pigs">guinea pigs</a>, <a href="gerbils">gerbils</a>, <a href="chipmunks">chipmunks</a>, <a href="rats">rats</a>, <a href="mice">mice</a>, and <a href="lagomorphs">lagomorphs</a> like <a href="rabbits">rabbits</a> and <a href="hares">hares</a> are almost never found to be infected with rabies, and are not known to transmit rabies to humans.
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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Rabies in animals
|
Outside of the United States, extensive research has been conducted on animals outside the norm of usual infection patterns. The <a href="yellow%20mongoose">yellow mongoose</a>, native to South Africa, has been known to asymptomatically carry the rabies virus for several years. In a study performed in 1993, several major outbreaks in adjacent farms over the course of 11 years were all traced to a single population. The long-dormant phase of this virus makes <a href="Horizontal%20gene%20transfer">horizontal transfer</a> possible in this stage through breeding and typical injuries from territory fights. It is unknown what triggers the emergence of the virus when it does enter the prodromal stage, but it is hypothesized to be caused by stressors such as lack of food or other stressors in heavily populated areas. Complicating this further is the difficulty in testing for rabies before death, as it takes up cells around the brainstem and in the nerves and saliva.
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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Rabies in animals
|
In the same geographic region, the <a href="greater%20kudu">greater kudu</a>, a species of antelope in Namibia, have also suffered enormous outbreaks of rabies in their populations. The greater kudu is a member of the <a href="Tragelaphini">Tragelaphini antelopes</a>, which is more closely related to cows than to other antelopes and is extremely susceptible to the virus. During the first epidemic from 1997 to 1996, as much as 20% of the population succumbed to the disease; phylogenetic analyses likewise proved that the rapid spread was largely by horizontal transfer. Kudu are a large factor in the agriculture and economy of Namibia, but their status as wildlife makes prevention of the disease much more difficult.
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| 19,707,361 | 30 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
151 |
Rabies in animals
|
The <a href="Virginia%20opossum">Virginia opossum</a> (a marsupial, unlike the other mammals named above, which are all <a href="eutherians">eutherians</a>/<a href="placental">placental</a>), has a lower internal body temperature than the rabies virus prefers and therefore is resistant but not immune to rabies. <a href="Marsupials">Marsupials</a>, along with <a href="monotremes">monotremes</a> (<a href="platypuses">platypuses</a> and <a href="echidnas">echidnas</a>), typically have lower body temperatures than similarly sized eutherians.
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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Rabies in animals
|
<a href="Bird">Bird</a>s were first artificially infected with rabies in 1884, with work being done on a large variety of species including <a href="domestic%20fowl">domestic fowl</a> and <a href="Domestic%20pigeon">pigeons</a>. Hundreds of years of testing has concluded that infected birds are largely, if not wholly, asymptomatic, and recover; a 1988 study examined a number of <a href="Bird%20of%20prey">birds of prey</a>, such as <a href="red-tailed%20hawk">red-tailed hawk</a>s, <a href="bald%20eagle">bald eagle</a>s, <a href="Great%20horned%20owl">horned owls</a>, and <a href="turkey%20vulture">turkey vulture</a>s, and concluded that they were unlikely to be <a href="Natural%20reservoir">reservoirs of rabies</a>. Other bird species have been known to develop rabies <a href="antibody">antibodies</a>, a sign of infection, after feeding on rabies-infected mammals.
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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153 |
Ceratoglanis
|
Ceratoglanis is a <a href="genus">genus</a> of <a href="Siluridae">sheatfish</a>es native to <a href="Asia">Asia</a>.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707368
| 19,707,368 | 0 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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154 |
Ceratoglanis
|
"C. pachynemus" originates from the <a href="Chao%20Phraya%20River">Chao Phraya</a> and <a href="Mekong%20River">Mekong River</a> basins. "C. scleronemus" occurs in the <a href="Pahang%20River">Pahang River</a> basin of peninsular <a href="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, the <a href="Baram%20River">Baram</a>, <a href="Barito%20River">Barito</a>, <a href="Kapuas%20River">Kapuas</a>, and <a href="Rejang%20River">Rejang River</a> basins of <a href="Borneo">Borneo</a>, <a href="Citarum%20River">Citarum River</a> basin of <a href="Java">Java</a>, and the <a href="Batang%20Hari%20River">Batang Hari</a> and <a href="Siak%20River">Siak River</a> basins of <a href="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707368
| 19,707,368 | 1 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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155 |
Ceratoglanis
|
"C. pachynemus" grows to 28.0 centimetres (11.0 in) <a href="fish%20measurement">SL</a>. It inhabits mainstream rivers. It is <a href="carnivore">carnivorous</a>, feeding on <a href="insect">insect</a>s and <a href="benthos">benthic fauna</a>.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707368
| 19,707,368 | 2 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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156 |
Ceratoglanis
|
"C. scleronemus" grows to 44.0 cm (17.3 in) SL. In the <a href="Kapuas%20Lakes">Kapuas Lakes</a> area in <a href="Kalimantan%20Barat">Kalimantan Barat</a>, <a href="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, fishermen reported that this species inhabits rivers and major streams with moderate to fast current. It appears to be <a href="predator">predator</a>y in nature, feeding on aquatic <a href="invertebrate">invertebrate</a>s and fish.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707368
| 19,707,368 | 3 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
157 |
Russell Mark Tanner
|
Russell Mark Tanner (born November 13, 1977) is an American <a href="volleyball">volleyball</a> player. Tanner grew up playing beach volleyball in Northern California with his father, Mark Tanner. Tanner's uncle, <a href="Troy%20Tanner">Troy Tanner</a>, is an <a href="Olympic%20Games">Olympic</a> gold medalist. Tanner was a Junior Olympic All-American, high school and league MVP, and an all-state selection out of high school. Tanner played <a href="Division%20I%20%28NCAA%29">Division I (NCAA)</a> volleyball at <a href="Brigham%20Young%20University">Brigham Young University</a> in <a href="Provo%2C%20Utah">Provo, Utah</a>.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707387
| 19,707,387 | 0 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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158 |
Russell Mark Tanner
|
In 1994, Tanner became the youngest player in beach volleyball history to earn a AAA rating, surpassing the long-standing record previously held by beach volleyball player <a href="Mike%20Dodd">Mike Dodd</a>. The record stood for 12 years until it was eclipsed by Hawk Hatcher in 2007.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707387
| 19,707,387 | 1 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
159 |
Chungnyeongsan (Gyeonggi)
|
Chungnyeongsan () is a mountain in <a href="Gyeonggi%20Province">Gyeonggi Province</a>, South Korea. Its area extends across <a href="Namyangju">Namyangju</a> and <a href="Gapyeong%20County">Gapyeong County</a>. Chungnyungsan has an elevation of .
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707434
| 19,707,434 | 0 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
160 |
Chungnyeongsan (Gyeonggi)
|
In <a href="Joseon">Joseon</a>-era literature, it is known by various names: in the "<a href="Sinj%C5%ADng%20Tongguk%20y%C5%8Fji%20s%C5%ADngnam">Sinjŭng Tongguk yŏji sŭngnam</a>", it is recorded as Birangsan (); in the "<a href="Daedongyeojido">Daedongyeojido</a>" and "", it is recorded as Biryeongsan (). The current name stems from local records such as the "Kyŏnggiji" () and "Kyŏnggiŭpchi" (), which was then recorded in the "Chosŏn chijijaryo" () during the <a href="Korea%20under%20Japanese%20rule">Japanese colonial rule</a>.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707434
| 19,707,434 | 1 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
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}
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161 |
Chungnyeongsan (Gyeonggi)
|
It is said that during the late <a href="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> dynasty, <a href="Taejo%20of%20Joseon">Yi Seong-gye</a>, the future founder of the Joseon dynasty, was hunting around the area and could not find any prey. He met a hunter on the way, and was told that this is a sacred mountain, and a ritual should be held for the <a href="Mountain%20God%23Korea">mountain god</a>. The next day, he ascended its peak and performed a ritual, after which he successfully caught five <a href="wild%20boar">wild boar</a>s. The mountain where he caught the boars was named Odeoksan (), meaning 'mountain with five gains'; and the mountain where he held the ritual was named Chungnyungsan, meaning 'mountain to pray spirit'. Its other name, Biryeongsan, has its origins in a legend where a flying <a href="Korean%20dragon">dragon</a> was seen above the mountain's valley.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707434
| 19,707,434 | 2 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
162 |
Chungnyeongsan (Gyeonggi)
|
General (1443–1468), a Joseon-era general whom the island <a href="Namiseom">Namiseom</a> was named after, also prayed to the spirits in the mountain, and the rock where he prayed remains until today.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707434
| 19,707,434 | 3 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
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}
|
163 |
Chungnyeongsan (Gyeonggi)
|
Boasting a dense <a href="pine">pine</a> forest, Chungnyeongsan is a popular destination for hiking and camping, offering people a chance to reconnect with nature. The forest is established as a recreational area in 1995, with campgrounds and accommodations provided. It is listed as part of the 'Eight Scenic Views of Gapyeong' (), alongside <a href="Cheongpyeong%20Lake">Cheongpyeong Lake</a>. This Chungnyeongsan shares the same hangul and hanja with the <a href="Jangseong%20County%23Chungnyeongsan%20Cypress%20Forest">one</a> in <a href="Jangseong%20County">Jangseong County</a>, <a href="South%20Jeolla%20Province">South Jeolla Province</a>, which is also famous for its cypress tree forest. The forest management charges 1,000 <a href="South%20Korean%20won">won</a> for individuals 19-years or older, but since 2021, residents of Namyangju can enter for free.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707434
| 19,707,434 | 4 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
164 |
Chungnyeongsan (Gyeonggi)
|
An arboretum, the <a href="Garden%20of%20Morning%20Calm">Garden of Morning Calm</a> was established in the foot of the mountain. It is also a popular tourist destination across all four seasons.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707434
| 19,707,434 | 5 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
165 |
Ikujiro Nonaka
|
Nonaka was born in Tokyo on 10 May 1935, and as a child lived through <a href="World%20War%20II">World War II</a>. His nationalist spirit led him to believe that Japan should adapt its technological and organizational skills. In 1958 Nonaka received his B.S. in political science from <a href="Waseda%20University">Waseda University</a>.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707473
| 19,707,473 | 0 |
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|
166 |
Ikujiro Nonaka
|
After graduation Nonaka accepted a job at <a href="Fuji%20Electric">Fuji Electric</a>, where he initiated a management program. This curriculum was further developed in the 1960s together with the business school of <a href="Keio%20University">Keio University</a> and offered to companies all over Japan. In 1967 Nonaka moved to the United States where in 1968 he obtained an MBA and in 1972 a <a href="PhD">PhD</a> in <a href="Business%20Administration">Business Administration</a>, both at the <a href="University%20of%20California%2C%20Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>.
|
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| 19,707,473 | 1 |
{
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|
167 |
Ikujiro Nonaka
|
Nonaka was the First Distinguished Drucker Scholar in Residence at the Drucker School and Institute, <a href="Claremont%20Graduate%20University">Claremont Graduate University</a>; the Xerox Distinguished Faculty Scholar, Institute of Management, Innovation and Organization, UC Berkeley. Back in Japan he became professor at the <a href="Graduate%20School%20of%20International%20Corporate%20Strategy">Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy</a> of <a href="Hitotsubashi%20University">Hitotsubashi University</a>.
|
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| 19,707,473 | 2 |
{
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}
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168 |
Ikujiro Nonaka
|
Nonaka co-wrote several noteworthy articles with <a href="Hirotaka%20Takeuchi">Hirotaka Takeuchi</a>, a colleague at Hitotsubashi University, including:
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707473
| 19,707,473 | 3 |
{
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"image": [],
"type": [],
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|
169 |
Ikujiro Nonaka
|
In 2008, the "<a href="Wall%20Street%20Journal">Wall Street Journal</a>" listed him as one of the most influential persons on business thinking, and <a href="The%20Economist">The Economist</a> included him in its "Guide to Management Ideas and Gurus".
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707473
| 19,707,473 | 4 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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Ikujiro Nonaka
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Nonaka also proposed the "<a href="SECI%20model%20of%20knowledge%20dimensions">SECI model</a>", to present the spiraling knowledge processes of interaction between <a href="explicit%20knowledge">explicit knowledge</a> and <a href="tacit%20knowledge">tacit knowledge</a>. "SECI" is short for:
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
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Daegeumsan (Gyeonggi)
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Daegeumsan () is a mountain in <a href="Gyeonggi%20Province">Gyeonggi Province</a>, South Korea. It sits in <a href="Gapyeong%20County">Gapyeong County</a>. Daegeumsan has an elevation of .
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 17
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The 17th <a href="Pennsylvania%20House%20of%20Representatives">Pennsylvania House of Representatives</a> District is located in western Pennsylvania and has been represented by Republican <a href="Timothy%20R.%20Bonner">Timothy R. Bonner</a> since 2023.
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
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Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 17
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The 17th District is located in <a href="Butler%20County%2C%20Pennsylvania">Butler County</a> and <a href="Mercer%20County%2C%20Pennsylvania">Mercer County</a> and includes the following areas:
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{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
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Take Off Your Colours
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Take Off Your Colours is the debut studio album by English <a href="Rock%20music">rock</a> band <a href="You%20Me%20at%20Six">You Me at Six</a>, originally released on 6 October 2008 through <a href="Slam%20Dunk%20Records">Slam Dunk Records</a>. After forming in 2004, they released an EP titled "We Know What It Means to Be Alone" in 2006, and went on a tour with <a href="Elliot%20Minor">Elliot Minor</a> in support of the release. After releasing "<a href="Save%20It%20for%20the%20Bedroom">Save It for the Bedroom</a>" as a single to promote their tour, the band gained attention from both independent and major record labels.
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Following their tour with Elliot Minor, the writing process for the new album began. Although all the music's writing was credited to the entire band, vocalist <a href="Josh%20Franceschi">Josh Franceschi</a> and guitarist Max Helyer were usually the biggest creative forces among the group, being responsible for songs' concepts. The album was recorded in two weeks at Outhouse Studios in <a href="Reading%2C%20Berkshire">Reading, Berkshire</a> with producers Matt O'Grady and <a href="John%20Mitchell%20%28musician%29">John Mitchell</a>. The band's work resulted in "Take Off Your Colours" displaying a sound that most critics associated with <a href="pop-punk">pop-punk</a>, though this result was unintended. Specifically, the record was noted to sound similar to the work of <a href="Fall%20Out%20Boy">Fall Out Boy</a>, <a href="New%20Found%20Glory">New Found Glory</a>, and <a href="Panic%21%20at%20the%20Disco">Panic! at the Disco</a>.
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"If I Were In Your Shoes", "Gossip", and "<a href="Jealous%20Minds%20Think%20Alike">Jealous Minds Think Alike</a>" were released as singles to promote the album, the latter of which became the band's first charting song. During the album's recording sessions, "Save It for the Bedroom" was re-recorded, and this version became the album's fourth single. Two more singles, "<a href="Finders%20Keepers%20%28You%20Me%20at%20Six%20song%29">Finders Keepers</a>" and "<a href="Kiss%20and%20Tell%20%28You%20Me%20at%20Six%20song%29">Kiss and Tell</a>", later appeared on re-releases of the album. The latter four singles managed to chart, and the album itself peaked at number 25 on the <a href="UK%20Albums%20Chart">UK Albums Chart</a>. "Take Off Your Colours" was certified gold in the UK for shipments of 100,000 copies in July 2012.
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Guitarists <a href="Josh%20Franceschi">Josh Franceschi</a> and Max Helyer previously played in a short-lived band at school, prior to <a href="You%20Me%20at%20Six">You Me at Six</a>. After Franceschi wanted to become a vocalist, him and Helyer jammed for a few months, until bassist and college friend Matt Barnes began playing with them. Franceschi knew of Barnes from the local music scene; the three of them decided to form a band. Guitarist Chris Miller, who lived on the same street as Barnes, was brought into the fold, followed by drummer Joe Philips. This marked the formation of You Me at Six in 2004, basing themselves in <a href="Weybridge">Weybridge</a>, <a href="Surrey">Surrey</a>. For their early shows, the gigs would be booked solely on the amount of screaming they could coax from the audiences. As their local scene leaned on heavy-sounding music, the band had to push themselves to win over the crowds, eventually earning a notable reputation amongst their peers. Despite some of the members still attending college, the band became their main priority. They rehearsed three to four times a week, accumulating enough songs for their debut album. With the money from their shows, they self-released their debut EP, "We Know What It Means to Be Alone", on New Year's Day 2007.
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You Me at Six had a heavy focus on performing in Surrey and parts of London. They traveled to these shows, which had been planned through the <a href="Myspace">Myspace</a> platform, by travelling via <a href="History%20of%20Megabus%20routes%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom">MegaBus</a>. In April 2007, they appeared at a showcase of up-and-coming artists at the <a href="Camden%20Underworld">Camden Underworld</a> in London, and by the following month, they supported <a href="Saosin">Saosin</a> in Leeds. These performances attracted attention from "<a href="Kerrang%21">Kerrang!</a>" and "<a href="NME">NME</a>". At the end of May 2007, they opened the <a href="Slam%20Dunk%20Festival">Slam Dunk Festival</a>, which allowed them to grow their fan base outside of their regional scene. Phillips left the band amidst creative differences on their direction. Dan Flint, another college friend, was initially asked to fill in on drums for a tour. He ended up becoming Phillips' permanent replacement after Slam Dunk. Ben Ray, who ran the festival, was interested in managing the band and putting out their music. They played another show at the Camden Underworld in June 2007; by this point, they had acquired a <a href="News%20agency">press agent</a> and were starting to attract attention from people in the music industry.
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Over the next two months, they played support slots for one-off shows with <a href="Paramore">Paramore</a> and Furthest Drive, and joined This Is Goodbye on their national tour. Around this time, You Me at Six self-released an untitled EP. Preceded by a show supporting <a href="Fightstar">Fightstar</a>, You Me at Six went on tour with <a href="Elliot%20Minor">Elliot Minor</a>, during which both bands released singles. "<a href="Save%20It%20for%20the%20Bedroom">Save It for the Bedroom</a>" was released on 22 October 2007 through <a href="Slam%20Dunk%20Records">Slam Dunk Records</a>, a label co-founded by the band with help from their manager and fans. The single featured "You've Made Your Bed (So Sleep in It)" as the B-side, and both tracks would later appear on "Take Off Your Colours". A music video for "Save It for the Bedroom" had been released a few days prior and was directed by Lawrence Hardy. The band's release sold more copies than Elliot Minor's single, which was released through a major label. This situation made it clear to the band that, according to Franceschi, "major labels are good but over the years they have totally lost touch of what sells." By this time, the group was in discussion with a range of independent and major labels.
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Following the Elliot Minor tour, You Me at Six began writing material for their debut album. In late November and early December 2007, the band went on their first headlining tour of the UK, with support from Flood of Red. During the latter month, the band wrote further material. Typically, Helyer or Franceschi would have an idea that the band would then flesh out together. Occasionally, the band would record demos and change sections of them. By this point, Franceschi dropped out of college while Helyer and Miller continued their studies. In February and March 2008, they went on a UK tour with <a href="The%20Audition%20%28band%29">the Audition</a>. Prior to going into a studio, You Me at Six had finished seven-to-eight completed songs. The band recorded their debut album over the course of two weeks, between March and May 2008 at Outhouse Studios in <a href="Reading%2C%20Berkshire">Reading</a>, Berkshire.
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Matt O'Grady and <a href="John%20Mitchell%20%28musician%29">John Mitchell</a> handled producer duties, with Mitchell also mixing the proceedings, while Tim Turan mastered the album. The band were in awe of O'Grady as they were fans of his former band <a href="Fastlane%20%28band%29">Fastlane</a>, Author <a href="Neil%20Daniels">Neil Daniels</a>, in his book "You Me at Six – Never Hold an Underdog Down" (2015) said O'Grady's past experience made him the "perfect guy" to be their engineer. O'Grady encouraged Franceschi's vocal performance, as Flint explained: "Getting into the studio was very daunting for all of us, and Matt gave him the confidence to express how he felt, to know that he really "could" sing." Helyer said as they only used one amplifier, the guitar tone remained the same throughout the album. "Save It for the Bedroom" and "You've Made Your Bed (So Sleep in It)", which were initially released as a single in 2007, were re-recorded during the album's studio sessions. Franceschi's sister Elissa provided additional vocals on "Always Attract".
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The album's sound has been described by critics as pop-punk and <a href="emo%20pop">emo pop</a>. Daniels said it displayed a "promising young band making a collection of competent, perhaps quite Americanised songs", and as such, noted influences from <a href="All%20Time%20Low">All Time Low</a>, <a href="Blink-182">Blink-182</a> and <a href="Four%20Year%20Strong">Four Year Strong</a>. He added that You Me at Six "felt like they needed to push themselves ... to make more complicated and diverse [guitar] riffs". The group did not intentionally compose a pop-punk album but "it just sort of came [out] like that," according to Barnes. The band's sound was an attempt to emulate the sound of popular pop-punk groups such as <a href="Fall%20Out%20Boy">Fall Out Boy</a> and <a href="Panic%21%20at%20the%20Disco">Panic! at the Disco</a>, which was noted by a reviewer. By contrast, the "We Know What It Means to Be Alone" EP was compared to the sound of <a href="the%20Academy%20Is...">the Academy Is...</a>, Paramore and other acts on the record label <a href="Fueled%20by%20Ramen">Fueled by Ramen</a>, while "Untitled" incorporated influences from <a href="Incubus%20%28band%29">Incubus</a>, <a href="Jimmy%20Eat%20World">Jimmy Eat World</a> and <a href="Taking%20Back%20Sunday">Taking Back Sunday</a>. At the time, the group was listening to bands such as Blink-182, <a href="New%20Found%20Glory">New Found Glory</a>, and, according to Barnes, "all that sort of <a href="Drive-Thru%20Records">Drive-Thru</a> scene." One of the members described it as "a mixture of genres. Some songs are pop-punk and some are rockier and heavier."
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The title, "Take Off Your Colours", is a quote from a line by the orphan leader in the film "<a href="The%20Warriors%20%28film%29">The Warriors</a>" (1979). Daniels said it features gangs in New York City that would be "distinguished from one another by the colours they wear". The specific scene that informed the name is where children at an orphanage tell one gang to remove their colours, in order to "lose its identity as a collective force whilst as individuals the gang members would also lose their identity". He added that the band members acted as themselves and expected as much from their peers "so the title is not about gangs but rather the concept of personal identity". Flint said Franceschi sung about attending house parties, being young and flirting with girls.
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The album opens with "The Truth Is a Terrible Thing", which recalled the sound New Found Glory. Daniels said it begins with a "nifty lead riff" that the rest of the band use to "spring into action". "Call That a Comeback" is an anthemic pop-punk song, and is followed by "Jealous Minds Think Alike", the chorus section of which was compared to the work of Panic! at the Disco. "Save It for the Bedroom" is about couples that find how one of them is cheating through behavioural patterns. "You've Made Your Bed (So Sleep in It)" discusses a breakup, and is followed by "If You Run", which displays Francheschi's skills as a vocalist. "Tigers and Sharks" evoked the early work of <a href="Taking%20Back%20Sunday">Taking Back Sunday</a>, and features <a href="shoegaze">shoegaze</a> guitar riffs. "Always Attract" is an acoustic ballad, with vocal harmonies from Franceschi and his sister Elissa, which are done in the vein of <a href="Brand%20New%20%28band%29">Brand New</a>. Preceded by the emo song "Nasty Habits", the album closes with "The Rumour", which has <a href="Latin%20music">Latin</a>-like rhythms. One of the bonus tracks, "<a href="Kiss%20and%20Tell%20%28You%20Me%20at%20Six%20song%29">Kiss and Tell</a>", discusses boys wanting to kiss a girl they find attractive.
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A music video was released for "If I Were in Your Shoes" on 14 February 2008, while it was officially announced as single on 17 March through Slam Dunk, with "Taste" as the B-side. By June 2008, they started working with the <a href="Public%20relations">press relation</a>s company Chuff Media and Mark Ngui from management company Primary Talent International. On 26 June, it was announced the band had signed a one-album contract with Slam Dunk. Franceschi explained that if the group wished to move to a bigger label, they "can easily move on [or] if we are happy we [will] stay [on Slam Dunk]". "Gossip" was released as the second single, with "All Your Fault" as the B-side, on 28 July 2008. A music video for the song was also released. On 11 August of the same year, the band released "If You Run" as a free download from their website.
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On 11 September 2008, a music video was released for "<a href="Jealous%20Minds%20Think%20Alike">Jealous Minds Think Alike</a>", which was directed by Shane Davey. The song was released as a single on 29 September, with "Blue Eyes Don't Lie" as the B-side. It was the band's first single to chart, peaking at number 100 on the <a href="UK%20Singles%20Chart">UK Singles Chart</a> in November. The album, "Take Off Your Colours" was released on 6 October 2008 through Slam Dunk. In December 2008, they signed to management company Raw Power Management, who would help gain then a deal in the United States with independent label <a href="Epitaph%20Records">Epitaph Records</a>. On 19 February 2009, the band released a second music video for "Save It for the Bedroom", which was directed by Davey. It sees the band appearing as guests on the fictional Lazarus Ironside show, eventually leading into a fight similar to those seen on "<a href="The%20Jeremy%20Kyle%20Show">The Jeremy Kyle Show</a>" and "<a href="Jerry%20Springer%20%28talk%20show%29">Jerry Springer</a>". The video was directly inspired by the former, while the show's host was played by actor Joerg Stadler. "Save It for the Bedroom" was released as a single on 9 March.
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The band's signing to Epitaph Records was made public on 10 March 2009. The band were excited about working with the label, as they knew Epitaph for helping other acts reach the main stage of <a href="Warped%20Tour">Warped Tour</a> and be able to tour internationally. Franceschi later recounted that they "never really saw any of that, they practically did nothing for us, fucking nothing whatsoever," concluding that he never even met the label's founder <a href="Brett%20Gurewitz">Brett Gurewitz</a>. Following a premier on BBC Radio 1 on April 6, "<a href="Finders%20Keepers%20%28You%20Me%20at%20Six%20song%29">Finders Keepers</a>" was released as a single to precede the album on 25 May. Epitaph made "Take Off Your Colours" available for streaming on 16 July, ahead of its US release five days later. In addition to the studio and acoustic versions of "Finders Keepers", this version featured several bonus tracks: an acoustic version of "Save It for the Bedroom", the B-sides to "Gossip", "Jealous Minds Think Alike", and the album version of "Save It for the Bedroom". The US <a href="iTunes">iTunes</a> version of "Take Off Your Colours" also includes "Kiss and Tell", a song which would later be released as a single to promote a UK limited edition of the album.
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"Kiss and Tell" was released as a single on 7 September 2009; the song's music video features a house party. The track was issued a week before the limited edition of "Take Off Your Colours" was released in the UK. In addition to "Kiss and Tell", it features the original album on one disc and another disc of additional songs: "Finders Keepers", and B-sides to the "Gossip", "Jealous Minds Think Alike", and re-recorded "Save It for the Bedroom" singles. In 2021, Franceschi ranked "Take Off Your Colours" as his least favourite You Me at Six album, stating that it had a "lot of heart and teen angst on that album which I don’t think we could truly do again even if we tried".
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To celebrate the album's tenth anniversary, the band added three shows to their 2018 UK tour in support of their sixth album "<a href="VI%20%28You%20Me%20at%20Six%20album%29">VI</a>". The band announced they would perform "Take Off Your Colours" in its entirety after the initial show at a given venue for "VI" on select dates. They played these special performances on 24 November at <a href="Manchester">Manchester</a>'s Victoria Warehouse, 28 November at <a href="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>'s <a href="Barrowland%20Ballroom">Barrowland Ballroom</a>, and 2 December at London's <a href="O2%20Brixton%20Academy">O2 Brixton Academy</a>. While promoting these shows and celebrating the record's tenth anniversary, they were also featured on the November issue of "<a href="Rock%20Sound">Rock Sound</a>"; included with its special edition were poster prints that were hand-signed by the band, a 16-page photo collection from the "Take Off Your Colours" era, and other bonus material. Prior to these anniversary shows, "Call That a Comeback" had never been performed live. "Gossip" and "Nasty Habits" had also been among the first of the band's songs to be retired from their setlists. By November 2009, Franceschi described playing the material live as having "become suffocated almost and we've really overplayed some of them". Prior to <a href="Slam%20Dunk%20Festival">Slam Dunk Festival 2015</a>, there were rumours that the band was going to perform "Take Off Your Colours" in its entirety. Franceschi later explained the band would be "extensively paying homage to that with songs" from the album.
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You Me at Six supported <a href="Angels%20%26amp%3B%20Airwaves">Angels & Airwaves</a> for a one-off show, and then embarked on a headlining tour in smaller venues in June 2008, with support from This Is Goodbye. They performed at <a href="Reading%20Festival">Reading Festival</a> 2008, and the audience was larger than their tent's capacity. The band did a series of in-store performances to help promote the release of "Take Off Your Colours" in October 2008. Later in the month, the band toured in the UK, with support from <a href="Houston%20Calls">Houston Calls</a> and <a href="Farewell%20%28band%29">Farewell</a>. In March 2009, You Me at Six embarked on a UK, named the 777 Tour, with support from <a href="the%20Spill%20Canvas">the Spill Canvas</a> and <a href="Emarosa">Emarosa</a>. Later in the month, they performed at the <a href="South%20by%20Southwest">South by Southwest</a> music conference in the US.
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You Me at Six headlined the Slam Dunk Festival in May 2009, and embarked on a UK tour in June 2009, with support from Not Advised and <a href="Me%20Vs%20Hero">Me Vs Hero</a>. In between dates, You Me at Six performed at the <a href="Download%20Festival">Download</a> and <a href="GuilFest">GuilFest</a> festivals. In August 2009, You Me at Six went on the Warped Tour, playing to crowds of 600-to-700. During their stint on it, they sold 2,000 copies of their debut. They gave themselves the goal of selling $1,000 worth of t-shirts each day of the trek, and ultimately made $3,200 on the first day alone. Returning to the UK, they performed at the <a href="Reading%20and%20Leeds%20Festivals">Reading and Leeds Festivals</a>. In early September, the band did some small, intimate club shows in the UK.
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Reviews for the album were generally positive. Alter the Press! reviewer Sean Reid said the album showed the band had "potential to reach the level of success as bands such as <a href="Fall%20Out%20Boy">Fall Out Boy</a> and Panic At The Disco." Jen Walker of "<a href="Big%20Cheese%20%28magazine%29">Big Cheese</a>" called the album "a refreshing English pop punk debut", which contained "clear musical influences" from New Found Glory, Panic! at the Disco, and Brand New. Strange Glue reviewer Aidan Williamson praised the album's hooks. "The Observer" described the band's sound to be "the UK's answer to Fall Out Boy," with reviewer Emma Johnston choosing "Jealous Minds Think Alike" as a highlight.
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In a lukewarm review, "<a href="Alternative%20Addiction">Alternative Addiction</a>" described the album as such: "Think Fallout Boy meets New Found Glory and you won’t be far off getting what makes You Me At Six tick. ‘Gossip’ and opener ‘The Truth Is A Terrible Thing’ all echo the aforementioned bands, however there is a rough edge that separates You Me At Six from their glossy luminaries." They praised the simple production on the record which retained their distinctly British sound, and concluded, "A happy medium has been reached with an Americanized sound that retains some of the bands gritty origins." Evan Lucy of "<a href="Alternative%20Press%20%28music%20magazine%29">Alternative Press</a>" also gave the album a mixed review, commenting that "some songs feel ripped from Fall Out Boy's "<a href="Take%20This%20to%20Your%20Grave">Take This to Your Grave</a>"," but praised songs which were less adherent to pop punk, namely "Tigers and Sharks" and "Always Attract".
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Thrash Hits reviewer Mischa Pearlman heavily criticised the album, calling the music on the record "a series of badly phrased platitudes set to irritating tunes", and attacking the band as "most definitely a product of their times [...] You Me At Six are the perfect poster boys for their so-called scene." <a href="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> reviewer Jon O'Brien also criticised the album's sound, describing it as an album which was more mature than a <a href="Busted%20%28band%29">Busted</a> record, but not as heavy as <a href="Fightstar">Fightstar</a>'s music. O'Brien stated that the band followed a "well-worn formula" of emo pop on "Take Off Your Colours". However, another AllMusic reviewer, Jason Birchmeier, later regarded "Take Off Your Colours" as an "impressive debut album" which cemented the group "as one of England's hottest up-and-coming rock bands".
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Take Off Your Colours
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The album peaked on the <a href="UK%20Albums%20Chart">UK Albums Chart</a> at number 25, and the deluxe edition re-entered the chart, peaking at number 61. While "If I Were In Your Shoes" and "Gossip" failed to chart, "Jealous Minds Think Alike" peaked at number 100 and "Save It For the Bedroom" peaked at number 146. While promoting the deluxe version of the album, "Finders Keepers" and "Kiss and Tell" reached number 33 and 42, respectively. In March 2012, the album was certified silver in the UK, and four months later, it was certified gold. "Rock Sound" ranked it at number 36 on their list of the year's best albums. One of the magazine's writers, Rob Sayce, said the album's "unprecedented success helped open doors for other rising bands" in the UK, such as <a href="Deaf%20Havana">Deaf Havana</a> and <a href="Young%20Guns%20%28band%29">Young Guns</a>. Valerie Magan of "<a href="The%20Line%20of%20Best%20Fit">The Line of Best Fit</a>" wrote that the album pushed the band to the "helm of a new wave of pop-punk that transcended continents, and solidified the band into a household name for alt-rockers everywhere".
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707568
| 19,707,568 | 21 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
196 |
Kimsquit
|
Kimsquit is a former village of the <a href="Nuxalk">Nuxalk</a> at the mouth of the <a href="Dean%20River">Dean River</a> on the northeast side of <a href="Dean%20Channel">Dean Channel</a> in the <a href="British%20Columbia%20Coast">Central Coast region</a> of <a href="British%20Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Canada. Kemsquit Indian Reserve No. 1 is nearby at , which is on <a href="Kimsquit%20Bay">Kimsquit Bay</a>; <a href="Kimsquit%20Mountain">Kimsquit Mountain</a> is nearby.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707618
| 19,707,618 | 0 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
197 |
The Shods
|
The Shods are a band from <a href="Lowell%2C%20Massachusetts">Lowell, Massachusetts</a> who have released five albums and an EP to date. The Shods have a loyal regional following, and remain well known in their home state.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707661
| 19,707,661 | 0 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
198 |
The Shods
|
The Shods formed in 1993 in Lowell, MA with musicians Scott Pittman, Roy Costa, and music mainstay Kevin Stevenson, whose other projects included Formicide, <a href="Only%20Living%20Witness">Only Living Witness</a>, and Duck Duck. Within a week of forming, the band produced a debut <a href="Extended%20play">EP</a> titled "I'm in Lowell, MA". In 1995, the band released its debut full-length <a href="album">album</a> "Here Come The Shods" on a self-created label called Poorhouse Records.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707661
| 19,707,661 | 1 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
199 |
The Shods
|
After recruiting F.J. Ventre on Bass, and Dave Aaronoff on second guitar, work began at <a href="Fort%20Apache%20Studios">Fort Apache Studios</a> on what was intended to be their major label release on MCA. This deal, however, fell through and the band shelved the project until 2001. Also during this time, the band toured around the northeast with fellow Bostonians, <a href="The%20Mighty%20Mighty%20Bosstones">The Mighty Mighty Bosstones</a>, and Stevenson began playing in what became known as the <a href="Homie%20%28band%29">Rivers Cuomo Band</a>.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19707661
| 19,707,661 | 2 |
{
"caption": [],
"image": [],
"type": [],
"url": []
}
|
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