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332 | 332 | Animalia (book) | Julia MacRae Books published an "Animalia" colouring book in 2008. H. N. Abrams also published a wall calendar colouring book version for children the same year. H. N. Abrams published "The Animalia Wall Frieze", a fold-out over 26 feet in length, in which the author created new riddles for each letter. The Great American Puzzle Factory created a 300-piece jigsaw puzzle based on the book's cover. | [
{
"text": "colouring book",
"href": "colouring%20book",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 43,
"end": 57
},
"start": 43,
"end": 57
},
{
"text": "H. N. Abrams",
"href": "Abrams%20Books",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 5,
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"end": 79
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"end": 79
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] | Alphabet books,Puzzle books,1986 children's books,Picture books by Graeme Base | {
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{
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"start": 0,
"end": 94
}
] | Section::::Related products. |
332 | 332 | Animalia (book) | A television series was also created, based on the book, which airs in the United States, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Norway and Venezuela. It also airs on Minimax for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. And recently in Greece on the channel ET1. The Australian Children's Television Foundation released a teaching resource DVD-ROM in 2011 to accompany the TV series with teaching aids for classroom use. | [
{
"text": "television series",
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"paragraph_id": 9,
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"end": 19
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{
"text": "Venezuela",
"href": "Venezuela",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 140,
"end": 149
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"end": 149
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{
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"end": 174
},
{
"text": "Czech Republic",
"href": "Czech%20Republic",
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"end": 197
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{
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{
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{
"text": "Australian Children's Television Foundation",
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"source": {
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"start": 259,
"end": 302
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"start": 259,
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] | Alphabet books,Puzzle books,1986 children's books,Picture books by Graeme Base | {
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} | [
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"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 0,
"end": 412
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] | Section::::Adaptations. |
332 | 332 | Animalia (book) | In 2010, The Base Factory and AppBooks released Animalia as an application for iPad and iPhone/iPod Touch. | [
{
"text": "iPad",
"href": "iPad",
"source": {
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"start": 79,
"end": 83
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"end": 83
},
{
"text": "iPhone",
"href": "iPhone",
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{
"text": "iPod Touch",
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"end": 105
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} | [
{
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"start": 0,
"end": 106
}
] | Section::::Adaptations. |
332 | 332 | Animalia (book) | "Animalia" won the Young Australian's Best Book Award in 1987 for Best Picture Story Book. The Children's Book Council of Australia designated "Animalia" a 1987 : Honour Book. Kid's Own Australian Literature Awards named "Animalia" the 1988 Picture Book Winner. | [
{
"text": "Children's Book Council of Australia",
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] | Alphabet books,Puzzle books,1986 children's books,Picture books by Graeme Base | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 14,
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}
] | Section::::Awards. |
332 | 332 | Animalia (book) | BULLET::::- Graeme Base's official website BULLET::::- A Learning Time activity guide for "Animalia" created by The Little Big Book Club | [] | Alphabet books,Puzzle books,1986 children's books,Picture books by Graeme Base | {
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] | Section::::External links. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | An American in Paris is a jazz-influenced orchestral piece by American composer George Gershwin first performed in 1928. It was inspired by the time that Gershwin had spent in Paris and evokes the sights and energy of the French capital in the 1920s. | [
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] | Section::::Abstract |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Walter Damrosch had asked Gershwin to write a full concerto following the success of "Rhapsody in Blue" (1924). Gershwin scored the piece for the standard instruments of the symphony orchestra plus celesta, saxophones, and automobile horns. He brought back four Parisian taxi horns for the New York premiere of the composition, which took place on December 13, 1928, in Carnegie Hall, with Damrosch conducting the New York Philharmonic. He completed the orchestration on November 18, less than four weeks before the work's premiere. | [
{
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{
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] | Section::::Abstract |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | He collaborated on the original program notes with critic and composer Deems Taylor. | [
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"text": "Deems Taylor",
"href": "Deems%20Taylor",
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] | Section::::Abstract |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Although the story is likely apocryphal, Gershwin is said to have been attracted by Maurice Ravel's unusual chords, and Gershwin went on his first trip to Paris in 1926 ready to study with Ravel. After his initial student audition with Ravel turned into a sharing of musical theories, Ravel said he could not teach him, saying, "Why be a second-rate Ravel when you can be a first-rate Gershwin?" | [
{
"text": "Maurice Ravel",
"href": "Maurice%20Ravel",
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} | [
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"start": 0,
"end": 395
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] | Section::::Background. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | That 1926 trip, however, resulted in a snippet of melody entitled "Very Parisienne", that the initial musical motive of "An American in Paris", written as a 'thank you note' to Gershwin's hosts, Robert and Mabel Schirmer. Gershwin called it "a rhapsodic ballet"; it is written freely and in a much more modern idiom than his prior works. | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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"end": 733
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] | Section::::Background. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Gershwin strongly encouraged Ravel to come to the United States for a tour. To this end, upon his return to New York, Gershwin joined the efforts of Ravel's friend Robert Schmitz, a pianist Ravel had met during the war, to urge Ravel to tour the U.S. Schmitz was the head of Pro Musica, promoting Franco-American musical relations, and was able to offer Ravel a $10,000 fee for the tour, an enticement Gershwin knew would be important to Ravel. | [
{
"text": "Robert Schmitz",
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] | Section::::Background. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Gershwin greeted Ravel in New York in March 1928 during a party held for Ravel's birthday by Éva Gauthier. Ravel's tour reignited Gershwin's desire to return to Paris which he and his brother Ira did after meeting Ravel. Ravel's high praise of Gershwin in an introductory letter to Nadia Boulanger caused Gershwin to seriously consider taking much more time to study abroad in Paris. Yet after playing for her, she told him she could not teach him. | [
{
"text": "Éva Gauthier",
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{
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{
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An%20American%20in%20Paris&oldid=908061778"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 0,
"end": 448
}
] | Section::::Background. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Nadia Boulanger gave Gershwin basically the same advice she gave all of her accomplished master students: "What could I give you that you haven't already got?" This did not set Gershwin back, as his real intent abroad was to complete a new work based on Paris and perhaps a second rhapsody for piano and orchestra to follow his "Rhapsody in Blue". Paris at this time hosted many expatriate writers, among them Ezra Pound, W. B. Yeats, Ernest Hemingway; and artist Pablo Picasso. | [
{
"text": "Rhapsody in Blue",
"href": "Rhapsody%20in%20Blue",
"source": {
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"start": 778,
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"end": 345
},
{
"text": "Ezra Pound",
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{
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"end": 477
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} | [
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"start": 449,
"end": 927
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] | Section::::Background. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Gershwin based "An American in Paris" on a melodic fragment called "Very Parisienne", written in 1926 on his first visit to Paris as a gift to his hosts, Robert and Mabel Schirmer. He described the piece as a "rhapsodic ballet" because it was written freely and is more modern than his previous works. | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
"revid": 908061778,
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"pageid": 309,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An%20American%20in%20Paris&oldid=908061778"
} | [
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"paragraph_id": 8,
"start": 0,
"end": 301
}
] | Section::::Composition. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Gershwin explained in "Musical America", "My purpose here is to portray the impressions of an American visitor in Paris as he strolls about the city, listens to the various street noises, and absorbs the French atmosphere." | [
{
"text": "Musical America",
"href": "Musical%20America",
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}
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{
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"start": 302,
"end": 525
}
] | Section::::Composition. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | The piece is structured into five sections, which culminate in a loose ABA format. Gershwin's first A episode introduces the two main "walking" themes in the "Allegretto grazioso" and develops a third theme in the "Subito con brio". The style of this A section is written in the typical French style of composers Claude Debussy and Les Six. This A section featured duple meter, singsong rhythms, and diatonic melodies with the sounds of oboe, English horn, and taxi horns. | [
{
"text": "ABA format",
"href": "Ternary%20form",
"source": {
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"end": 81
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"end": 81
},
{
"text": "Claude Debussy",
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} | [
{
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"end": 472
}
] | Section::::Composition. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | The B section's "Andante ma con ritmo deciso" introduces the American Blues and spasms of homesickness. The "Allegro" that follows continues to express homesickness in a faster twelve-bar blues. In the B section, Gershwin uses common time, syncopated rhythms, and bluesy melodies with the sounds of trumpet, saxophone, and snare drum. | [
{
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"href": "Blues",
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{
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} | [
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"end": 807
}
] | Section::::Composition. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | "Moderato con grazia" is the last A section that returns to the themes set in A. After recapitulating the "walking" themes, Gershwin overlays the slow blues theme from section B in the final "Grandioso". | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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} | [
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"end": 1011
}
] | Section::::Composition. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | "An American in Paris" is scored for 3 flutes (3rd doubling on piccolo), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets in B-flat, bass clarinet in B-flat, 2 bassoons, 4 horns in F, 3 trumpets in B-flat, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, snare drum, bass drum, triangle, wood block, ratchet, cymbals, low and high tom-toms, xylophone, glockenspiel, celesta, 4 taxi horns labeled as A, B, C and D with circles around them, alto saxophone/soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone/soprano saxophone/alto saxophone, baritone saxophone/soprano saxophone/alto saxophone, and strings. | [
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309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Although most modern audiences have heard the taxi horns using the notes A, B, C and D, it has recently come to light that Gershwin's intention was to have used the notes A, B, D, and A. It is likely that in labeling the taxi horns as A, B, C and D with circles, he may have been referring to the use of the four different horns and not the notes that they played. | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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"end": 918
}
] | Section::::Instrumentation. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | The revised edition by F. Campbell-Watson calls for three saxophones, alto, tenor and baritone. In this arrangement the soprano and alto doublings have been rewritten to avoid changing instruments. | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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] | Section::::Instrumentation. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | In 2000, Gershwin specialist Jack Gibbons made his own restoration of the original orchestration of An American in Paris, working directly from Gershwin's original manuscript, including the restoration of Gershwin's soprano saxophone parts removed in F. Campbell-Watson's revision; Gibbons' restored orchestration of An American in Paris was performed at London's Queen Elizabeth Hall on July 9, 2000 by the City of Oxford Orchestra conducted by Levon Parikian William Daly arranged the score for piano solo which was published by New World Music in 1929. | [
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309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Gershwin did not particularly like Walter Damrosch's interpretation at the world premiere of "An American in Paris". He stated that Damrosch's sluggish, dragging tempo caused him to walk out of the hall during a matinee performance of this work. The audience, according to Edward Cushing, responded with "a demonstration of enthusiasm impressively genuine in contrast to the conventional applause which new music, good and bad, ordinarily arouses." | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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] | Section::::Response. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Critics believed that "An American in Paris" was better crafted than his lukewarm Concerto in F. Some did not think it belonged in a program with classical composers César Franck, Richard Wagner, or Guillaume Lekeu on its premiere. Gershwin responded to the critics, "It's not a Beethoven Symphony, you know... It's a humorous piece, nothing solemn about it. It's not intended to draw tears. | [
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] | Section::::Response. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | If it pleases symphony audiences as a light, jolly piece, a series of impressions musically expressed, it succeeds." | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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309 | 309 | An American in Paris | On September 22, 2013, it was announced that a musicological critical edition of the full orchestral score will be eventually released. The Gershwin family, working in conjunction with the Library of Congress and the University of Michigan, are working to make scores available to the public that represent Gershwin's true intent. | [
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] | Section::::Preservation status. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | It is unknown if the critical score will include the four minutes of material Gershwin later deleted from the work (such as the restatement of the blues theme after the faster 12 bar blues section), or if the score will document changes in the orchestration during Gershwin's composition process. | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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] | Section::::Preservation status. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | The score to "An American in Paris" is currently scheduled to be issued first in a series of scores to be released. The entire project may take 30 to 40 years to complete, but "An American in Paris" will be an early volume in the series. | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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] | Section::::Preservation status. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Two urtext editions of the work were published by the German publisher B-Note Music in 2015. The changes made by Campbell-Watson have been withdrawn in both editions. In the extended urtext, 120 bars of music have been re-integrated. Conductor Walter Damrosch had cut them shortly before the first performance. | [
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] | Section::::Preservation status. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | "An American in Paris" has been frequently recorded. The first recording was made for RCA Victor in 1929 with Nathaniel Shilkret conducting the RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra, drawn from members of the Philadelphia Orchestra. Gershwin was on hand to "supervise" the recording; however, Shilkret was reported to be in charge and eventually asked the composer to leave the recording studio. | [
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309 | 309 | An American in Paris | Then, a little later, Shilkret discovered there was no one to play the brief celesta solo during the slow section, so he hastily asked Gershwin if he might play the solo; Gershwin said he could and so he briefly participated in the actual recording. This recording is believed to use the taxi horns in the way that Gershwin had intended using the notes A-flat, B-flat, a higher D and a lower A. | [
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309 | 309 | An American in Paris | The radio broadcast of the September 8, 1937 Hollywood Bowl George Gershwin Memorial Concert, in which "An American in Paris," also conducted by Shilkret, was second on the program, was recorded and was released in 1998 in a two-CD set. Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra recorded the work for RCA Victor, including one of the first stereo recordings of the music. | [
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309 | 309 | An American in Paris | In 1945, Arturo Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra recorded the piece for RCA Victor, one of the few commercial recordings Toscanini made of music by an American composer. The Seattle Symphony also recorded a version in 1990 of Gershwin's original score, before he made numerous edits resulting in the score as we hear it today. Harry James released a version of the blues section on his 1953 album "One Night Stand," recorded live at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago (Columbia GL 522 and CL 522). | [
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309 | 309 | An American in Paris | In 1951, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released the musical film "An American in Paris", featuring Gene Kelly and Leslie Caron. Winning the 1951 Best Picture Oscar and numerous other awards, the film was directed by Vincente Minnelli, featured many tunes of Gershwin, and concluded with an extensive, elaborate dance sequence built around the "An American in Paris" symphonic poem (arranged for the film by Johnny Green), costing $500,000. | [
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"end": 116
},
{
"text": "Vincente Minnelli",
"href": "Vincente%20Minnelli",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 23,
"start": 206,
"end": 223
},
"start": 206,
"end": 223
},
{
"text": "Johnny Green",
"href": "Johnny%20Green",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 23,
"start": 397,
"end": 409
},
"start": 397,
"end": 409
}
] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"start": 0,
"end": 429
}
] | Section::::Use in film. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | BULLET::::- Rimler, Walter. "George Gershwin – An Intimate Portrait". Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 2009. 29–33. BULLET::::- Pollack, Howard. "George Gershwin – His Life and Work". Berkeley, University of California Press, 2006. 431–42. | [] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"start": 0,
"end": 120
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"start": 0,
"end": 123
}
] | Section::::Further reading. |
309 | 309 | An American in Paris | BULLET::::- 1944 recording by the New York Philharmonic conducted by Artur Rodziński BULLET::::- , New York Philharmonic, Leonard Bernstein, 1959. | [
{
"text": "New York Philharmonic",
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},
"start": 34,
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},
{
"text": "Artur Rodziński",
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{
"text": "Leonard Bernstein",
"href": "Leonard%20Bernstein",
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},
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}
] | Music commissioned by the New York Philharmonic,Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients,Compositions by George Gershwin,Music about Paris,1928 compositions | {
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} | [
{
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"start": 0,
"end": 84
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"start": 0,
"end": 61
}
] | Section::::External links. |
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | International Atomic Time (TAI, from the French name ) is a high-precision atomic coordinate time standard based on the notional passage of proper time on Earth's geoid. It is the principal realisation of Terrestrial Time (with a fixed offset of epoch). It is also the basis for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is used for civil timekeeping all over the Earth's surface. , when another leap second was added, TAI is exactly 37 seconds ahead of UTC. | [
{
"text": "coordinate",
"href": "coordinate%20time",
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},
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},
{
"text": "time standard",
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{
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},
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},
{
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{
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},
"start": 163,
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},
{
"text": "Terrestrial Time",
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"start": 205,
"end": 221
},
"start": 205,
"end": 221
},
{
"text": "epoch",
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 246,
"end": 251
},
"start": 246,
"end": 251
},
{
"text": "leap second",
"href": "leap%20second",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 394,
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},
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}
] | {
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{
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}
] | Section::::Abstract |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The 37 seconds results from the initial difference of 10 seconds at the start of 1972, plus 27 leap seconds in UTC since 1972. TAI may be reported using traditional means of specifying days, carried over from non-uniform time standards based on the rotation of the Earth. Specifically, both Julian Dates and the Gregorian calendar are used. TAI in this form was synchronised with Universal Time at the beginning of 1958, and the two have drifted apart ever since, due to the changing motion of the Earth. | [
{
"text": "Julian Date",
"href": "Julian%20Date",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 164,
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},
"start": 291,
"end": 302
},
{
"text": "Gregorian calendar",
"href": "Gregorian%20calendar",
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"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 185,
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},
{
"text": "Universal Time",
"href": "Universal%20Time",
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}
] | {
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"end": 583
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 0,
"end": 377
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | TAI is a weighted average of the time kept by over 400 atomic clocks in over 50 national laboratories worldwide. The majority of the clocks involved are caesium clocks; the International System of Units (SI) definition of the second is based on caesium. The clocks are compared using GPS signals and two-way satellite time and frequency transfer. Due to the signal averaging TAI is an order of magnitude more stable than its best constituent clock. | [
{
"text": "weighted average",
"href": "weighted%20average",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 9,
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{
"text": "atomic clock",
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{
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"start": 153,
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},
{
"text": "International System of Units",
"href": "International%20System%20of%20Units",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
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"end": 202
},
"start": 173,
"end": 202
},
{
"text": "second",
"href": "second",
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"start": 226,
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},
"start": 226,
"end": 232
},
{
"text": "caesium",
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"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 245,
"end": 252
},
"start": 245,
"end": 252
},
{
"text": "GPS",
"href": "Global%20Positioning%20System",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 284,
"end": 287
},
"start": 284,
"end": 287
},
{
"text": "two-way satellite time and frequency transfer",
"href": "two-way%20satellite%20time%20and%20frequency%20transfer",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 300,
"end": 345
},
"start": 300,
"end": 345
},
{
"text": "signal averaging",
"href": "signal%20averaging",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 358,
"end": 374
},
"start": 358,
"end": 374
},
{
"text": "order of magnitude",
"href": "order%20of%20magnitude",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 385,
"end": 403
},
"start": 385,
"end": 403
}
] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 0,
"end": 448
}
] | Section::::Operation. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The participating institutions each broadcast, in real time, a frequency signal with timecodes, which is their estimate of TAI. Time codes are usually published in the form of UTC, which differs from TAI by a well-known integer number of seconds. These time scales are denoted in the form "UTC(NPL)" in the UTC form, where "NPL" in this case identifies the National Physical Laboratory, UK. The TAI form may be denoted "TAI(NPL)". | [
{
"text": "real time",
"href": "real-time%20data",
"source": {
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"end": 59
},
{
"text": "timecode",
"href": "timecode",
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},
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},
{
"text": "National Physical Laboratory, UK",
"href": "National%20Physical%20Laboratory%2C%20UK",
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"start": 357,
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},
"start": 357,
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}
] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 0,
"end": 430
}
] | Section::::Operation. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The latter is not to be confused with "TA(NPL)", which denotes an independent atomic time scale, not synchronised to TAI or to anything else. | [] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 431,
"end": 572
}
] | Section::::Operation. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The clocks at different institutions are regularly compared against each other. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM, France), combines these measurements to retrospectively calculate the weighted average that forms the most stable time scale possible. This combined time scale is published monthly in "Circular T", and is the canonical TAI. This time scale is expressed in the form of tables of differences UTC − UTC("k") (equivalent to TAI − TAI("k")) for each participating institution "k". | [
{
"text": "International Bureau of Weights and Measures",
"href": "International%20Bureau%20of%20Weights%20and%20Measures",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 84,
"end": 128
},
"start": 84,
"end": 128
},
{
"text": "canonical",
"href": "canonical%20form",
"source": {
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"start": 345,
"end": 354
},
"start": 345,
"end": 354
}
] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 0,
"end": 511
}
] | Section::::Operation. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The same circular also gives tables of TAI − TA("k"), for the various unsynchronised atomic time scales. | [] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 512,
"end": 616
}
] | Section::::Operation. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | Errors in publication may be corrected by issuing a revision of the faulty Circular T or by errata in a subsequent Circular T. Aside from this, once published in Circular T, the TAI scale is not revised. In hindsight it is possible to discover errors in TAI, and to make better estimates of the true proper time scale. Since the published circulars are definitive, better estimates do not create another version of TAI; it is instead considered to be creating a better realisation of Terrestrial Time (TT). | [
{
"text": "Terrestrial Time",
"href": "Terrestrial%20Time",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 7,
"start": 484,
"end": 500
},
"start": 484,
"end": 500
}
] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"start": 0,
"end": 506
}
] | Section::::Operation. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | Early atomic time scales consisted of quartz clocks with frequencies calibrated by a single atomic clock; the atomic clocks were not operated continuously. Atomic timekeeping services started experimentally in 1955, using the first caesium atomic clock at the National Physical Laboratory, UK (NPL). It was used as a basis for calibrating the quartz clocks at the Royal Greenwich Observatory and to establish a time scale, called Greenwich Atomic (GA). | [
{
"text": "quartz clock",
"href": "quartz%20clock",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 38,
"end": 50
},
"start": 38,
"end": 50
},
{
"text": "National Physical Laboratory, UK (NPL)",
"href": "National%20Physical%20Laboratory%20%28United%20Kingdom%29",
"source": {
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},
"start": 260,
"end": 298
},
{
"text": "Royal Greenwich Observatory",
"href": "Royal%20Greenwich%20Observatory",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 364,
"end": 391
},
"start": 364,
"end": 391
}
] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 0,
"end": 452
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The United States Naval Observatory began the A.1 scale on 13 September 1956, using an Atomichron commercial atomic clock, followed by the NBS-A scale at the National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado on 9 October 1957. | [
{
"text": "United States Naval Observatory",
"href": "United%20States%20Naval%20Observatory",
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"end": 488
},
"start": 4,
"end": 35
},
{
"text": "Atomichron",
"href": "Atomichron",
"source": {
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"start": 540,
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},
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},
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"text": "National Bureau of Standards",
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},
{
"text": "Boulder, Colorado",
"href": "Boulder%2C%20Colorado",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 641,
"end": 658
},
"start": 188,
"end": 205
}
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 453,
"end": 677
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The International Time Bureau (BIH) began a time scale, T or AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and comparisons to distant clocks using the phase of VLF radio signals. The BIH scale, A.1, and NBS-A were defined by an epoch at the beginning of 1958 The procedures used by the BIH evolved, and the name for the time scale changed: "A3" in 1964 and "TA(BIH)" in 1969. | [
{
"text": "International Time Bureau",
"href": "International%20Time%20Bureau",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 4,
"end": 29
},
"start": 4,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "VLF",
"href": "VLF",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 164,
"end": 167
},
"start": 164,
"end": 167
},
{
"text": "epoch",
"href": "Epoch%20%28date%20reference%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 232,
"end": 237
},
"start": 232,
"end": 237
}
] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 0,
"end": 379
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The SI second was defined in terms of the caesium atom in 1967. From 1971 to 1975 the General Conference on Weights and Measures and the International Committee for Weights and Measures made a series of decisions which designated the BIPM time scale International Atomic Time (TAI). | [
{
"text": "General Conference on Weights and Measures",
"href": "General%20Conference%20on%20Weights%20and%20Measures",
"source": {
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},
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"end": 128
},
{
"text": "International Committee for Weights and Measures",
"href": "International%20Committee%20for%20Weights%20and%20Measures",
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} | [
{
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"end": 282
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | In the 1970s, it became clear that the clocks participating in TAI were ticking at different rates due to gravitational time dilation, and the combined TAI scale therefore corresponded to an average of the altitudes of the various clocks. Starting from Julian Date 2443144.5 (1 January 1977 00:00:00), corrections were applied to the output of all participating clocks, so that TAI would correspond to proper time at mean sea level (the geoid). | [
{
"text": "gravitational time dilation",
"href": "gravitational%20time%20dilation",
"source": {
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"start": 106,
"end": 133
},
"start": 106,
"end": 133
},
{
"text": "mean sea level",
"href": "mean%20sea%20level",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 12,
"start": 417,
"end": 431
},
"start": 417,
"end": 431
},
{
"text": "geoid",
"href": "geoid",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 12,
"start": 437,
"end": 442
},
"start": 437,
"end": 442
}
] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"start": 0,
"end": 444
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | Because the clocks were, on average, well above sea level, this meant that TAI slowed down, by about one part in a trillion. The former uncorrected time scale continues to be published, under the name "EAL" ("Echelle Atomique Libre", meaning "Free Atomic Scale"). | [] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"start": 445,
"end": 708
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The instant that the gravitational correction started to be applied serves as the epoch for Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB), Geocentric Coordinate Time (TCG), and Terrestrial Time (TT), which represent three fundamental time scales in the solar system. All three of these time scales were defined to read JD 2443144.5003725 (1 January 1977 00:00:32.184) exactly at that instant. TAI was henceforth a realisation of TT, with the equation TT(TAI) = TAI + 32.184 s. | [
{
"text": "Barycentric Coordinate Time",
"href": "Barycentric%20Coordinate%20Time",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 92,
"end": 119
},
"start": 92,
"end": 119
},
{
"text": "Geocentric Coordinate Time",
"href": "Geocentric%20Coordinate%20Time",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 127,
"end": 153
},
"start": 127,
"end": 153
},
{
"text": "Terrestrial Time",
"href": "Terrestrial%20Time",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 165,
"end": 181
},
"start": 165,
"end": 181
}
] | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 0,
"end": 464
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | The continued existence of TAI was questioned in a 2007 letter from the BIPM to the ITU-R which stated, "In the case of a redefinition of UTC without leap seconds, the CCTF would consider discussing the possibility of suppressing TAI, as it would remain parallel to the continuous UTC." | [] | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 0,
"end": 286
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | UTC is a discontinuous time scale. It is regularly adjusted by leap seconds. Between these adjustments it is composed from segments that are linear transformations of atomic time. From its beginning in 1961 through December 1971 the adjustments were made regularly in fractional leap seconds so that UTC approximated UT2. Afterwards these adjustments were made only in whole seconds to approximate UT1. | [
{
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{
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{
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{
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"start": 0,
"end": 402
}
] | Section::::Relation to UTC. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | This was a compromise arrangement in order to enable a publicly broadcast time scale; the post-1971 more linear transformation of the BIH's atomic time meant that the time scale would be more stable and easier to synchronize internationally. The fact that it continues to approximate UT1 means that tasks such as navigation which require a source of Universal Time continue to be well served by the public broadcast of UTC. | [
{
"text": "navigation",
"href": "navigation",
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{
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}
] | Section::::Relation to UTC. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | BULLET::::- Clock synchronization BULLET::::- Network Time Protocol BULLET::::- Precision Time Protocol BULLET::::- Time and frequency transfer | [
{
"text": "Clock synchronization",
"href": "Clock%20synchronization",
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},
{
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{
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"start": 0,
"end": 35
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 0,
"end": 39
}
] | Section::::See also. |
|
334 | 334 | International Atomic Time | BULLET::::- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures: TAI BULLET::::- Time and Frequency Section - National Physical Laboratory, UK BULLET::::- IERS website BULLET::::- NIST Web Clock FAQs BULLET::::- History of time scales BULLET::::- NIST-F1 Cesium Fountain Atomic Clock BULLET::::- Japan Standard Time Project, NICT, Japan BULLET::::- Standard of time definition: UTC, GPS, LORAN and TAI | [] | {
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"start": 0,
"end": 52
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"start": 0,
"end": 64
}
] | Section::::External links. |
|
340 | 340 | Alain Connes | Alain Connes (; born 1 April 1947) is a French mathematician, currently Professor at the Collège de France, IHÉS, Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University. He was an Invited Professor at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (2000). | [
{
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},
{
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] | Vanderbilt University faculty,Mathematical analysts,Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars,1947 births,Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences,Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters,21st-century mathematicians,Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters,École Normale Supérieure alumni,Differential geometers,Collège de France faculty,Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,Clay Research Award recipients,Fields Medalists,Living people,20th-century French mathematicians | {
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] | Section::::Abstract |
340 | 340 | Alain Connes | Alain Connes studies operator algebras. In his early work on von Neumann algebras in the 1970s, he succeeded in obtaining the almost complete classification of injective factors. He also formulated the Connes embedding problem. Following this, he made contributions in operator K-theory and index theory, which culminated in the Baum–Connes conjecture. He also introduced cyclic cohomology in the early 1980s as a first step in the study of noncommutative differential geometry. He was a member of Bourbaki. | [
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
"text": "cyclic cohomology",
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},
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},
{
"text": "noncommutative differential geometry",
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},
{
"text": "Bourbaki",
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"start": 498,
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},
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] | Vanderbilt University faculty,Mathematical analysts,Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars,1947 births,Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences,Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters,21st-century mathematicians,Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters,École Normale Supérieure alumni,Differential geometers,Collège de France faculty,Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,Clay Research Award recipients,Fields Medalists,Living people,20th-century French mathematicians | {
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}
] | Section::::Work. |
340 | 340 | Alain Connes | Connes has applied his work in areas of mathematics and theoretical physics, including number theory, differential geometry and particle physics. | [
{
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},
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] | Vanderbilt University faculty,Mathematical analysts,Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars,1947 births,Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences,Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters,21st-century mathematicians,Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters,École Normale Supérieure alumni,Differential geometers,Collège de France faculty,Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,Clay Research Award recipients,Fields Medalists,Living people,20th-century French mathematicians | {
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{
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] | Section::::Work. |
340 | 340 | Alain Connes | Connes was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982, the Crafoord Prize in 2001 | [
{
"text": "Fields Medal",
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"paragraph_id": 6,
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},
{
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{
"paragraph_id": 6,
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}
] | Section::::Awards and honours. |
340 | 340 | Alain Connes | BULLET::::- Alain Connes and Matilde Marcolli, "Noncommutative Geometry, Quantum Fields and Motives", Colloquium Publications, American Mathematical Society, 2007, BULLET::::- Alain Connes, Andre Lichnerowicz, and Marcel Paul Schutzenberger, "Triangle of Thought", translated by Jennifer Gage, American Mathematical Society, 2001, BULLET::::- Jean-Pierre Changeux, and Alain Connes, "Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics", translated by M. B. DeBevoise, Princeton University Press, 1998, | [
{
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},
{
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] | Vanderbilt University faculty,Mathematical analysts,Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars,1947 births,Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences,Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters,21st-century mathematicians,Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters,École Normale Supérieure alumni,Differential geometers,Collège de France faculty,Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,Clay Research Award recipients,Fields Medalists,Living people,20th-century French mathematicians | {
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},
{
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] | Section::::Books. |
340 | 340 | Alain Connes | BULLET::::- Alain Connes, "Noncommutative Geometry", Academic Press, 1994, | [] | Vanderbilt University faculty,Mathematical analysts,Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars,1947 births,Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences,Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters,21st-century mathematicians,Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters,École Normale Supérieure alumni,Differential geometers,Collège de France faculty,Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,Clay Research Award recipients,Fields Medalists,Living people,20th-century French mathematicians | {
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{
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}
] | Section::::Books. |
340 | 340 | Alain Connes | BULLET::::- Bost–Connes system BULLET::::- Cyclic homology BULLET::::- Factor (functional analysis) BULLET::::- Higgs boson BULLET::::- C*-algebra BULLET::::- M-theory BULLET::::- Groupoid BULLET::::- Criticism of non-standard analysis | [
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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},
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"end": 188
},
{
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] | Vanderbilt University faculty,Mathematical analysts,Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars,1947 births,Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences,Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters,21st-century mathematicians,Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters,École Normale Supérieure alumni,Differential geometers,Collège de France faculty,Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,Clay Research Award recipients,Fields Medalists,Living people,20th-century French mathematicians | {
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{
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"start": 0,
"end": 20
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"start": 0,
"end": 46
}
] | Section::::See also. |
340 | 340 | Alain Connes | BULLET::::- Alain Connes Official Web Site containing downloadable papers, and his book "Non-commutative geometry", . BULLET::::- Alain Connes' Standard Model BULLET::::- An interview with Alain Connes and a discussion about it | [] | Vanderbilt University faculty,Mathematical analysts,Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars,1947 births,Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences,Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters,21st-century mathematicians,Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters,École Normale Supérieure alumni,Differential geometers,Collège de France faculty,Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Members of the French Academy of Sciences,Clay Research Award recipients,Fields Medalists,Living people,20th-century French mathematicians | {
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},
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] | Section::::External links. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | Allan Dwan (3 April 1885 – 28 December 1981) was a pioneering Canadian-born American motion picture director, producer, and screenwriter. | [] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
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] | Section::::Abstract |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | Born Joseph Aloysius Dwan in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dwan, was the younger son of commercial traveler of woolen clothing Joseph Michael Dwan (1857–1917) and his wife Mary Jane Dwan, née Hunt. The family moved to the United States when he was seven years old on 4 December 1892 by ferry from Windsor to Detroit, according to his naturalization petition of August 1939. His elder brother, Leo Garnet Dwan (1883–1964), became a physician. | [
{
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] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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{
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"end": 437
}
] | Section::::Early life. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | Allan Dwan studied engineering at the University of Notre Dame and then worked for a lighting company in Chicago. He had a strong interest in the fledgling motion picture industry, and when Essanay Studios offered him the opportunity to become a scriptwriter, he took the job. At that time, some of the East Coast movie makers began to spend winters in California where the climate allowed them to continue productions requiring warm weather. | [
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] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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{
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] | Section::::Early life. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | Soon, a number of movie companies worked there year-round, and in 1911, Dwan began working part-time in Hollywood. While still in New York, in 1917 he was the founding president of the East Coast chapter of the Motion Picture Directors Association. | [
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344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | Dwan operated Flying A Studios in La Mesa, California from August 1911 to July 1912. Flying A was one of the first motion pictures studios in California history. On 12 August 2011, a plaque was unveiled on the Wolff building at Third Avenue and La Mesa Boulevard commemorating Dwan and the Flying A Studios origins in La Mesa, California. | [
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] | Section::::Career. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | After making a series of westerns and comedies, Dwan directed fellow Canadian-American Mary Pickford in several very successful movies as well as her husband, Douglas Fairbanks, notably in the acclaimed 1922 "Robin Hood". Dwan directed Gloria Swanson in eight feature films, and one short film made in the short-lived sound-on-film process Phonofilm. | [
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344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | This short, also featuring Thomas Meighan and Henri de la Falaise, was produced as a joke, for the 26 April 1925 "Lambs' Gambol" for The Lambs, with the film showing Swanson crashing the all-male club. Following the introduction of the talkies, Dwan directed child-star Shirley Temple in "Heidi" (1937) and "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm" (1938). | [
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] | Section::::Career. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | Dwan helped launch the career of two other successful Hollywood directors, Victor Fleming, who went on to direct "The Wizard of Oz" and "Gone With the Wind", and Marshall Neilan, who became an actor, director, writer and producer. Over a long career spanning almost 50 years, Dwan directed 125 motion pictures, some of which were highly acclaimed, such as the 1949 box office hit, "Sands of Iwo Jima". He directed his last movie in 1961. | [
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] | Section::::Career. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | He died in Los Angeles at the age of ninety-six, and is interred in the San Fernando Mission Cemetery, Mission Hills, California. Dwan has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6263 Hollywood Boulevard. Daniel Eagan of "Film Journal International" described Dwan as one of the early pioneers of cinema, stating that his style "is so basic as to seem invisible, but he treats his characters with uncommon sympathy and compassion." | [
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344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "The Gold Lust" (1911) BULLET::::- "The Picket Guard" (1913) BULLET::::- "The Restless Spirit" (1913) BULLET::::- "Back to Life" (1913) BULLET::::- "Bloodhounds of the North" (1913) BULLET::::- "The Lie" (1914) BULLET::::- "The Honor of the Mounted" (1914) BULLET::::- "The Unwelcome Mrs. Hatch" (1914) BULLET::::- "Remember Mary Magdalen" (1914) | [
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{
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344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "Discord and Harmony" (1914) BULLET::::- "The Embezzler" (1914) BULLET::::- "The Lamb, the Woman, the Wolf" (1914) BULLET::::- "The End of the Feud" (1914) BULLET::::- "The Tragedy of Whispering Creek" (1914) BULLET::::- "The Unlawful Trade" (1914) BULLET::::- "The Forbidden Room" (1914) BULLET::::- "The Hopes of Blind Alley" (1914) BULLET::::- "Richelieu" (1914) | [
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"end": 32
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344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "Wildflower" (1914) BULLET::::- "A Small Town Girl" (1915) BULLET::::- "David Harum" (1915) BULLET::::- "A Girl of Yesterday" (1915) BULLET::::- "The Pretty Sister of Jose" (1915) BULLET::::- "Jordan Is a Hard Road" (1915) BULLET::::- "Betty of Graystone" (1916) BULLET::::- "The Habit of Happiness" (1916) BULLET::::- "The Good Bad Man" (1916) | [
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{
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344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "An Innocent Magdalene" (1916) BULLET::::- "The Half-Breed" (1916) BULLET::::- "Manhattan Madness" (1916) BULLET::::- "Accusing Evidence" (1916) BULLET::::- "Panthea" (1917) BULLET::::- "A Modern Musketeer" (1917) BULLET::::- "Bound in Morocco" (1918) BULLET::::- "Headin' South" (1918) BULLET::::- "Mr. Fix-It" (1918) BULLET::::- "He Comes Up Smiling" (1918) | [
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{
"text": "Accusing Evidence",
"href": "Accusing%20Evidence",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 44,
"start": 13,
"end": 30
},
"start": 131,
"end": 148
},
{
"text": "Panthea",
"href": "Panthea%20%281917%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 45,
"start": 13,
"end": 20
},
"start": 170,
"end": 177
},
{
"text": "A Modern Musketeer",
"href": "A%20Modern%20Musketeer",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 46,
"start": 13,
"end": 31
},
"start": 199,
"end": 217
},
{
"text": "Bound in Morocco",
"href": "Bound%20in%20Morocco",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 47,
"start": 13,
"end": 29
},
"start": 239,
"end": 255
},
{
"text": "Headin' South",
"href": "Headin%27%20South",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 48,
"start": 13,
"end": 26
},
"start": 277,
"end": 290
},
{
"text": "Mr. Fix-It",
"href": "Mr.%20Fix-It%20%281918%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 49,
"start": 13,
"end": 23
},
"start": 312,
"end": 322
},
{
"text": "He Comes Up Smiling",
"href": "He%20Comes%20Up%20Smiling",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 50,
"start": 13,
"end": 32
},
"start": 344,
"end": 363
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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"timestamp": "2019-07-13T15:29:51",
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"end": 42
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{
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"start": 0,
"end": 38
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"start": 0,
"end": 38
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"start": 0,
"end": 28
},
{
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"start": 0,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"start": 0,
"end": 37
},
{
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"start": 0,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"start": 0,
"end": 31
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"start": 0,
"end": 40
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "Cheating Cheaters" (1919) BULLET::::- "The Dark Star" (1919) BULLET::::- "Getting Mary Married" (1919) BULLET::::- "Soldiers of Fortune" (1919) BULLET::::- "In The Heart of a Fool" (1920) also producer BULLET::::- "The Forbidden Thing" (1920) also producer BULLET::::- "A Splendid Hazard" (1920) BULLET::::- "A Perfect Crime" (1921) BULLET::::- "The Sin of Martha Queed" (1921) | [
{
"text": "Cheating Cheaters",
"href": "Cheating%20Cheaters%20%281919%20film%29",
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"paragraph_id": 51,
"start": 13,
"end": 30
},
"start": 13,
"end": 30
},
{
"text": "The Dark Star",
"href": "The%20Dark%20Star%20%281919%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 52,
"start": 13,
"end": 26
},
"start": 52,
"end": 65
},
{
"text": "Getting Mary Married",
"href": "Getting%20Mary%20Married",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 53,
"start": 13,
"end": 33
},
"start": 87,
"end": 107
},
{
"text": "Soldiers of Fortune",
"href": "Soldiers%20of%20Fortune%20%281919%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 54,
"start": 13,
"end": 32
},
"start": 129,
"end": 148
},
{
"text": "In The Heart of a Fool",
"href": "In%20The%20Heart%20of%20a%20Fool",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 55,
"start": 13,
"end": 35
},
"start": 170,
"end": 192
},
{
"text": "The Forbidden Thing",
"href": "The%20Forbidden%20Thing",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 56,
"start": 13,
"end": 32
},
"start": 228,
"end": 247
},
{
"text": "A Splendid Hazard",
"href": "A%20Splendid%20Hazard%20%281920%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 57,
"start": 13,
"end": 30
},
"start": 283,
"end": 300
},
{
"text": "A Perfect Crime",
"href": "A%20Perfect%20Crime",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 58,
"start": 13,
"end": 28
},
"start": 322,
"end": 337
},
{
"text": "The Sin of Martha Queed",
"href": "The%20Sin%20of%20Martha%20Queed",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 59,
"start": 13,
"end": 36
},
"start": 359,
"end": 382
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 53,
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{
"paragraph_id": 54,
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{
"paragraph_id": 55,
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{
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{
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"start": 0,
"end": 36
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"start": 0,
"end": 44
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "A Broken Doll" (1921) BULLET::::- "Robin Hood" (1922) BULLET::::- "Zaza" (1923) BULLET::::- "Big Brother" (1923) BULLET::::- "Manhandled" (1924) BULLET::::- "Argentine Love" (1924) BULLET::::- "The Coast of Folly" (1925) BULLET::::- "Night Life of New York" (1925) BULLET::::- "Stage Struck" (1925) | [
{
"text": "A Broken Doll",
"href": "A%20Broken%20Doll",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 60,
"start": 13,
"end": 26
},
"start": 13,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "Robin Hood",
"href": "Robin%20Hood%20%281922%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 61,
"start": 13,
"end": 23
},
"start": 48,
"end": 58
},
{
"text": "Zaza",
"href": "Zaza%20%281923%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 62,
"start": 13,
"end": 17
},
"start": 80,
"end": 84
},
{
"text": "Big Brother",
"href": "Big%20Brother%20%281923%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 63,
"start": 13,
"end": 24
},
"start": 106,
"end": 117
},
{
"text": "Manhandled",
"href": "Manhandled%20%281924%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 64,
"start": 13,
"end": 23
},
"start": 139,
"end": 149
},
{
"text": "Argentine Love",
"href": "Argentine%20Love",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 65,
"start": 13,
"end": 27
},
"start": 171,
"end": 185
},
{
"text": "The Coast of Folly",
"href": "The%20Coast%20of%20Folly",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 66,
"start": 13,
"end": 31
},
"start": 207,
"end": 225
},
{
"text": "Night Life of New York",
"href": "Night%20Life%20of%20New%20York",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 67,
"start": 13,
"end": 35
},
"start": 247,
"end": 269
},
{
"text": "Stage Struck",
"href": "Stage%20Struck%20%281925%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 68,
"start": 13,
"end": 25
},
"start": 291,
"end": 303
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"start": 0,
"end": 43
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"start": 0,
"end": 33
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "Gloria Swanson Dialogue" (1925) short film made in Phonofilm for The Lambs annual "Gambol" held at Metropolitan Opera House BULLET::::- "Padlocked" (1926) BULLET::::- "Sea Horses" (1926) BULLET::::- "Summer Bachelors" (1926) BULLET::::- "Tin Gods" (1926) BULLET::::- "French Dressing" (1927) BULLET::::- "The Joy Girl" (1927) BULLET::::- "East Side, West Side" (1927) | [
{
"text": "Phonofilm",
"href": "Phonofilm",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 69,
"start": 64,
"end": 73
},
"start": 64,
"end": 73
},
{
"text": "The Lambs",
"href": "The%20Lambs",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 69,
"start": 78,
"end": 87
},
"start": 78,
"end": 87
},
{
"text": "Metropolitan Opera House",
"href": "Metropolitan%20Opera%20House%20%2839th%20Street%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 69,
"start": 112,
"end": 136
},
"start": 112,
"end": 136
},
{
"text": "Padlocked",
"href": "Padlocked",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 70,
"start": 13,
"end": 22
},
"start": 150,
"end": 159
},
{
"text": "Sea Horses",
"href": "Sea%20Horses",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 71,
"start": 13,
"end": 23
},
"start": 181,
"end": 191
},
{
"text": "Summer Bachelors",
"href": "Summer%20Bachelors",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 72,
"start": 13,
"end": 29
},
"start": 213,
"end": 229
},
{
"text": "Tin Gods",
"href": "Tin%20Gods",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 73,
"start": 13,
"end": 21
},
"start": 251,
"end": 259
},
{
"text": "French Dressing",
"href": "French%20Dressing%20%281927%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 74,
"start": 13,
"end": 28
},
"start": 281,
"end": 296
},
{
"text": "The Joy Girl",
"href": "The%20Joy%20Girl",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 75,
"start": 13,
"end": 25
},
"start": 318,
"end": 330
},
{
"text": "East Side, West Side",
"href": "East%20Side%2C%20West%20Side%20%281927%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 76,
"start": 13,
"end": 33
},
"start": 352,
"end": 372
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"start": 0,
"end": 31
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"start": 0,
"end": 37
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"start": 0,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"start": 0,
"end": 33
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"start": 0,
"end": 41
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "The Big Noise" (1928) BULLET::::- "Frozen Justice" (1929) BULLET::::- "The Iron Mask" (1929) BULLET::::- "Tide of Empire" (1929) BULLET::::- "The Far Call" (1929) BULLET::::- "What a Widow!" (1930) BULLET::::- "Man to Man" (1930) BULLET::::- "Chances" (1931) BULLET::::- "Wicked" (1931) BULLET::::- "While Paris Sleeps" (1932) | [
{
"text": "The Big Noise",
"href": "The%20Big%20Noise%20%281928%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 77,
"start": 13,
"end": 26
},
"start": 13,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "Frozen Justice",
"href": "Frozen%20Justice",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 78,
"start": 13,
"end": 27
},
"start": 48,
"end": 62
},
{
"text": "The Iron Mask",
"href": "The%20Iron%20Mask",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 79,
"start": 13,
"end": 26
},
"start": 84,
"end": 97
},
{
"text": "Tide of Empire",
"href": "Tide%20of%20Empire",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 80,
"start": 13,
"end": 27
},
"start": 119,
"end": 133
},
{
"text": "The Far Call",
"href": "The%20Far%20Call",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 81,
"start": 13,
"end": 25
},
"start": 155,
"end": 167
},
{
"text": "What a Widow!",
"href": "What%20a%20Widow%21",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 82,
"start": 13,
"end": 26
},
"start": 189,
"end": 202
},
{
"text": "Man to Man",
"href": "Man%20to%20Man%20%281930%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 83,
"start": 13,
"end": 23
},
"start": 224,
"end": 234
},
{
"text": "Wicked",
"href": "Wicked%20%281931%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 85,
"start": 13,
"end": 19
},
"start": 285,
"end": 291
},
{
"text": "While Paris Sleeps",
"href": "While%20Paris%20Sleeps%20%281932%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 86,
"start": 13,
"end": 31
},
"start": 313,
"end": 331
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 78,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"start": 0,
"end": 34
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"start": 0,
"end": 35
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"start": 0,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"start": 0,
"end": 34
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"start": 0,
"end": 28
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"start": 0,
"end": 27
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"start": 0,
"end": 39
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "Counsel's Opinion" (1933) BULLET::::- "Black Sheep" (1935) BULLET::::- "Navy Wife" (1935) BULLET::::- "High Tension" (1936) BULLET::::- "15 Maiden Lane" (1936) BULLET::::- "One Mile from Heaven" (1937) BULLET::::- "Heidi" (1937) BULLET::::- "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm" (1938) BULLET::::- "Suez" (1938) BULLET::::- "Josette" (1938) | [
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"text": "Counsel's Opinion",
"href": "Counsel%27s%20Opinion",
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"paragraph_id": 87,
"start": 13,
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"start": 13,
"end": 30
},
{
"text": "Black Sheep",
"href": "Black%20Sheep%20%281935%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 88,
"start": 13,
"end": 24
},
"start": 52,
"end": 63
},
{
"text": "Navy Wife",
"href": "Navy%20Wife%20%281935%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 89,
"start": 13,
"end": 22
},
"start": 85,
"end": 94
},
{
"text": "High Tension",
"href": "High%20Tension%20%281936%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 90,
"start": 13,
"end": 25
},
"start": 116,
"end": 128
},
{
"text": "15 Maiden Lane",
"href": "15%20Maiden%20Lane",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 91,
"start": 13,
"end": 27
},
"start": 150,
"end": 164
},
{
"text": "One Mile from Heaven",
"href": "One%20Mile%20from%20Heaven",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 92,
"start": 13,
"end": 33
},
"start": 186,
"end": 206
},
{
"text": "Heidi",
"href": "Heidi%20%281937%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 93,
"start": 13,
"end": 18
},
"start": 228,
"end": 233
},
{
"text": "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm",
"href": "Rebecca%20of%20Sunnybrook%20Farm%20%281938%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 94,
"start": 13,
"end": 39
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"start": 255,
"end": 281
},
{
"text": "Suez",
"href": "Suez%20%28film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 95,
"start": 13,
"end": 17
},
"start": 303,
"end": 307
},
{
"text": "Josette",
"href": "Josette%20%281938%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 96,
"start": 13,
"end": 20
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"start": 329,
"end": 336
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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"paragraph_id": 88,
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{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"start": 0,
"end": 30
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"start": 0,
"end": 33
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"start": 0,
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{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"start": 0,
"end": 41
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"start": 0,
"end": 26
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"start": 0,
"end": 47
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"start": 0,
"end": 25
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"start": 0,
"end": 28
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "The Three Musketeers" (1939) BULLET::::- "The Gorilla" (1939) BULLET::::- "Frontier Marshal" (1939) BULLET::::- "Sailor's Lady" (1940) BULLET::::- "Young People" (1940) BULLET::::- "Trail of the Vigilantes" (1940) BULLET::::- "Look Who's Laughing" (1941) also producer BULLET::::- "Rise and Shine" (1941) BULLET::::- "Friendly Enemies" (1942) | [
{
"text": "The Three Musketeers",
"href": "The%20Three%20Musketeers%20%281939%20film%29",
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"paragraph_id": 97,
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"end": 33
},
"start": 13,
"end": 33
},
{
"text": "The Gorilla",
"href": "The%20Gorilla%20%281939%20film%29",
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"paragraph_id": 98,
"start": 13,
"end": 24
},
"start": 55,
"end": 66
},
{
"text": "Frontier Marshal",
"href": "Frontier%20Marshal%20%281939%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 99,
"start": 13,
"end": 29
},
"start": 88,
"end": 104
},
{
"text": "Sailor's Lady",
"href": "Sailor%27s%20Lady",
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"start": 13,
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"start": 126,
"end": 139
},
{
"text": "Young People",
"href": "Young%20People%20%281940%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 101,
"start": 13,
"end": 25
},
"start": 161,
"end": 173
},
{
"text": "Trail of the Vigilantes",
"href": "Trail%20of%20the%20Vigilantes",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 102,
"start": 13,
"end": 36
},
"start": 195,
"end": 218
},
{
"text": "Look Who's Laughing",
"href": "Look%20Who%27s%20Laughing",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 103,
"start": 13,
"end": 32
},
"start": 240,
"end": 259
},
{
"text": "Rise and Shine",
"href": "Rise%20and%20Shine%20%28film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 104,
"start": 13,
"end": 27
},
"start": 295,
"end": 309
},
{
"text": "Friendly Enemies",
"href": "Friendly%20Enemies",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 105,
"start": 13,
"end": 29
},
"start": 331,
"end": 347
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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"pageid": 344,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Dwan&oldid=906091463"
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{
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}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "Around the World" (1943) also producer BULLET::::- "Up in Mabel's Room" (1944) BULLET::::- "Abroad with Two Yanks" (1944) BULLET::::- "Getting Gertie's Garter" (1945) also screenwriter BULLET::::- "Brewster's Millions" (1945) BULLET::::- "Rendezvous with Annie" (1946) BULLET::::- "Driftwood" (1947) BULLET::::- "Calendar Girl" (1947) BULLET::::- "Northwest Outpost" (1947) also associate producer | [
{
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},
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},
{
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"start": 13,
"end": 34
},
"start": 105,
"end": 126
},
{
"text": "Getting Gertie's Garter",
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"start": 148,
"end": 171
},
{
"text": "Brewster's Millions",
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"paragraph_id": 110,
"start": 13,
"end": 32
},
"start": 211,
"end": 230
},
{
"text": "Rendezvous with Annie",
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 111,
"start": 13,
"end": 34
},
"start": 252,
"end": 273
},
{
"text": "Driftwood",
"href": "Driftwood%20%281947%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 112,
"start": 13,
"end": 22
},
"start": 295,
"end": 304
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{
"text": "Calendar Girl",
"href": "Calendar%20Girl%20%281947%20film%29",
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"paragraph_id": 113,
"start": 13,
"end": 26
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"start": 326,
"end": 339
},
{
"text": "Northwest Outpost",
"href": "Northwest%20Outpost",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 114,
"start": 13,
"end": 30
},
"start": 361,
"end": 378
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
"revid": 906091463,
"timestamp": "2019-07-13T15:29:51",
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"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 344,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Dwan&oldid=906091463"
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"start": 0,
"end": 34
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"start": 0,
"end": 62
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "The Inside Story" (1948) BULLET::::- "Angel in Exile" (1948) (with Philip Ford) BULLET::::- "Sands of Iwo Jima" (1949) BULLET::::- "Surrender" (1950) BULLET::::- "Belle Le Grand" (1951) BULLET::::- "Wild Blue Yonder" (1951) BULLET::::- "I Dream of Jeanie" (1952) BULLET::::- "Montana Belle" (1952) BULLET::::- "Woman They Almost Lynched" (1953) | [
{
"text": "The Inside Story",
"href": "The%20Inside%20Story%20%28film%29",
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"start": 13,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "Angel in Exile",
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"start": 13,
"end": 27
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"start": 51,
"end": 65
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{
"text": "Philip Ford",
"href": "Philip%20Ford%20%28film%20director%29",
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"paragraph_id": 116,
"start": 42,
"end": 53
},
"start": 80,
"end": 91
},
{
"text": "Sands of Iwo Jima",
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"paragraph_id": 117,
"start": 13,
"end": 30
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"start": 106,
"end": 123
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{
"text": "Surrender",
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"start": 13,
"end": 22
},
"start": 145,
"end": 154
},
{
"text": "Belle Le Grand",
"href": "Belle%20Le%20Grand",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 119,
"start": 13,
"end": 27
},
"start": 176,
"end": 190
},
{
"text": "Wild Blue Yonder",
"href": "Wild%20Blue%20Yonder%20%28film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 120,
"start": 13,
"end": 29
},
"start": 212,
"end": 228
},
{
"text": "I Dream of Jeanie",
"href": "I%20Dream%20of%20Jeanie%20%28film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 121,
"start": 13,
"end": 30
},
"start": 250,
"end": 267
},
{
"text": "Montana Belle",
"href": "Montana%20Belle",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 122,
"start": 13,
"end": 26
},
"start": 289,
"end": 302
},
{
"text": "Woman They Almost Lynched",
"href": "Woman%20They%20Almost%20Lynched",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 123,
"start": 13,
"end": 38
},
"start": 324,
"end": 349
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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},
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"start": 0,
"end": 34
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"start": 0,
"end": 46
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "Sweethearts on Parade" (1953) BULLET::::- "Silver Lode" (1954) BULLET::::- "Passion" (1954) BULLET::::- "Cattle Queen of Montana" (1954) BULLET::::- "Tennessee's Partner" (1955) BULLET::::- "Pearl of the South Pacific" (1955) BULLET::::- "Escape to Burma" (1955) BULLET::::- "Slightly Scarlet" (1956) BULLET::::- "Hold Back the Night" (1956) BULLET::::- "The Restless Breed" (1957) | [
{
"text": "Sweethearts on Parade",
"href": "Sweethearts%20on%20Parade",
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"start": 13,
"end": 34
},
"start": 13,
"end": 34
},
{
"text": "Silver Lode",
"href": "Silver%20Lode%20%281954%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 125,
"start": 13,
"end": 24
},
"start": 56,
"end": 67
},
{
"text": "Passion",
"href": "Passion%20%281954%20film%29",
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"start": 13,
"end": 20
},
"start": 89,
"end": 96
},
{
"text": "Cattle Queen of Montana",
"href": "Cattle%20Queen%20of%20Montana",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 127,
"start": 13,
"end": 36
},
"start": 118,
"end": 141
},
{
"text": "Tennessee's Partner",
"href": "Tennessee%27s%20Partner",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 128,
"start": 13,
"end": 32
},
"start": 163,
"end": 182
},
{
"text": "Pearl of the South Pacific",
"href": "Pearl%20of%20the%20South%20Pacific",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 129,
"start": 13,
"end": 39
},
"start": 204,
"end": 230
},
{
"text": "Escape to Burma",
"href": "Escape%20to%20Burma",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 130,
"start": 13,
"end": 28
},
"start": 252,
"end": 267
},
{
"text": "Slightly Scarlet",
"href": "Slightly%20Scarlet%20%281956%20film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 131,
"start": 13,
"end": 29
},
"start": 289,
"end": 305
},
{
"text": "Hold Back the Night",
"href": "Hold%20Back%20the%20Night%20%28film%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 132,
"start": 13,
"end": 32
},
"start": 327,
"end": 346
},
{
"text": "The Restless Breed",
"href": "The%20Restless%20Breed",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 133,
"start": 13,
"end": 31
},
"start": 368,
"end": 386
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
"revid": 906091463,
"timestamp": "2019-07-13T15:29:51",
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"pageid": 344,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Dwan&oldid=906091463"
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"start": 0,
"end": 40
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"start": 0,
"end": 39
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- "The River's Edge" (1957) BULLET::::- "Enchanted Island" (1958) BULLET::::- "Most Dangerous Man Alive" (1961) | [
{
"text": "The River's Edge",
"href": "The%20River%27s%20Edge",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 134,
"start": 13,
"end": 29
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"start": 13,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "Enchanted Island",
"href": "Enchanted%20Island%20%28film%29",
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},
"start": 89,
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Dwan&oldid=906091463"
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"end": 37
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"start": 0,
"end": 45
}
] | Section::::Partial filmography as director. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood | [
{
"text": "Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood",
"href": "Canadian%20pioneers%20in%20early%20Hollywood",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 138,
"start": 12,
"end": 48
},
"start": 12,
"end": 48
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Dwan&oldid=906091463"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"start": 0,
"end": 48
}
] | Section::::See also. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- Brownlow, Kevin, "The Parade's Gone By..." (1968) BULLET::::- Bogdanovich, Peter, "Allan Dwan: The Last Pioneer" (1971) BULLET::::- Foster, Charles, "Stardust and Shadows: Canadians in Early Hollywood" (2000) BULLET::::- Lombardi, Frederic, "Allan Dwan and the Rise and Decline of the Hollywood Studios" (2013) Print E-book | [
{
"text": "Brownlow, Kevin",
"href": "Kevin%20Brownlow",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 140,
"start": 12,
"end": 27
},
"start": 12,
"end": 27
},
{
"text": "Bogdanovich, Peter",
"href": "Peter%20Bogdanovich",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 141,
"start": 12,
"end": 30
},
"start": 74,
"end": 92
},
{
"text": "Foster, Charles",
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 142,
"start": 12,
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},
"start": 144,
"end": 159
}
] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
"revid": 906091463,
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Dwan&oldid=906091463"
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"start": 0,
"end": 101
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"start": 0,
"end": 12
}
] | Section::::Further reading. |
344 | 344 | Allan Dwan | BULLET::::- Allan Dwan profile, virtual-history.com; accessed 16 June 2014 | [] | 1885 births,American male screenwriters,Writers from Toronto,American film directors,1981 deaths,Disease-related deaths in California,Canadian emigrants to the United States,American film producers,Film directors from Toronto,Western (genre) film directors | {
"revid": 906091463,
"timestamp": "2019-07-13T15:29:51",
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"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 344,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Dwan&oldid=906091463"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"start": 0,
"end": 74
}
] | Section::::External links. |
25 | 25 | Autism | Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Parents usually notice signs during the first three years of their child's life. These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace before worsening. | [
{
"text": "developmental disorder",
"href": "developmental%20disorder",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 12,
"end": 34
},
"start": 12,
"end": 34
},
{
"text": "developmental milestones",
"href": "developmental%20milestones",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 314,
"end": 338
},
"start": 314,
"end": 338
},
{
"text": "worsening",
"href": "Regressive%20autism",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 363,
"end": 372
},
"start": 363,
"end": 372
}
] | Neurological disorders in children,Autism,Articles containing video clips,Neurological disorders,Communication disorders,Pervasive developmental disorders,Psychiatric diagnosis,Mental and behavioural disorders | {
"revid": 908372970,
"timestamp": "2019-07-29T09:08:56",
"parentid": 908206160,
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"pageid": 25,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autism&oldid=908372970"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
"end": 373
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
25 | 25 | Autism | Autism is associated with a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors during pregnancy include certain infections, such as rubella, toxins including valproic acid, alcohol, cocaine, pesticides and air pollution, fetal growth restriction, and autoimmune diseases. Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example, the vaccine hypothesis, which has been disproven. Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering connections and organization of nerve cells and their synapses. How this occurs is not well understood. | [
{
"text": "genetic",
"href": "Heritability%20of%20autism",
"source": {
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"start": 43,
"end": 50
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"start": 43,
"end": 50
},
{
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"href": "environmental%20factors",
"source": {
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"start": 55,
"end": 76
},
{
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"end": 257
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"text": "autoimmune disease",
"href": "autoimmune%20disease",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 263,
"end": 281
},
"start": 263,
"end": 281
},
{
"text": "Controversies",
"href": "Controversies%20in%20autism",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 284,
"end": 297
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"start": 284,
"end": 297
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{
"text": "causes",
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 336,
"end": 342
},
"start": 336,
"end": 342
},
{
"text": "vaccine hypothesis",
"href": "MMR%20vaccine%20controversy",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 361,
"end": 379
},
"start": 361,
"end": 379
},
{
"text": "nerve cell",
"href": "nerve%20cell",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 502,
"end": 512
},
"start": 502,
"end": 512
},
{
"text": "synapse",
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25 | 25 | Autism | In the DSM-5, autism and less severe forms of the condition, including Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), have been combined into the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). | [
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25 | 25 | Autism | Early behavioral interventions or speech therapy can help children with autism gain self-care, social, and communication skills. Although there is no known cure, there have been cases of children who recovered. Not many children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, though some are successful. An autistic culture has developed, with some individuals seeking a cure and others believing autism should be accepted as a difference and not treated as a disorder. | [
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25 | 25 | Autism | Globally, autism is estimated to affect 24.8 million people . In the 2000s, the number of people affected was estimated at 1–2 per 1,000 people worldwide. In the developed countries, about 1.5% of children are diagnosed with ASD , from 0.7% in 2000 in the United States. It occurs four-to-five times more often in males than females. The number of people diagnosed has increased dramatically since the 1960s, which may be partly due to changes in diagnostic practice. | [] | Neurological disorders in children,Autism,Articles containing video clips,Neurological disorders,Communication disorders,Pervasive developmental disorders,Psychiatric diagnosis,Mental and behavioural disorders | {
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25 | 25 | Autism | The question of whether actual rates have increased is unresolved. | [] | Neurological disorders in children,Autism,Articles containing video clips,Neurological disorders,Communication disorders,Pervasive developmental disorders,Psychiatric diagnosis,Mental and behavioural disorders | {
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25 | 25 | Autism | Autism is a highly variable, neurodevelopmental disorder whose symptoms first appears during infancy or childhood, and generally follows a steady course without remission. People with autism may be severely impaired in some respects but normal, or even superior, in others. Overt symptoms gradually begin after the age of six months, become established by age two or three years and tend to continue through adulthood, although often in more muted form. | [
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25 | 25 | Autism | It is distinguished not by a single symptom but by a characteristic triad of symptoms: impairments in social interaction; impairments in communication; and restricted interests and repetitive behavior. Other aspects, such as atypical eating, are also common but are not essential for diagnosis. Individual symptoms of autism occur in the general population and appear not to associate highly, without a sharp line separating pathologically severe from common traits. | [] | Neurological disorders in children,Autism,Articles containing video clips,Neurological disorders,Communication disorders,Pervasive developmental disorders,Psychiatric diagnosis,Mental and behavioural disorders | {
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] | Section::::Characteristics. |
25 | 25 | Autism | Social deficits distinguish autism and the related autism spectrum disorders (ASD; see Classification) from other developmental disorders. People with autism have social impairments and often lack the intuition about others that many people take for granted. Noted autistic Temple Grandin described her inability to understand the social communication of neurotypicals, or people with normal neural development, as leaving her feeling "like an anthropologist on Mars". | [
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25 | 25 | Autism | Unusual social development becomes apparent early in childhood. Autistic infants show less attention to social stimuli, smile and look at others less often, and respond less to their own name. Autistic toddlers differ more strikingly from social norms; for example, they have less eye contact and turn-taking, and do not have the ability to use simple movements to express themselves, such as pointing at things. | [
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] | Section::::Characteristics.:Social development. |
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