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"Food in France is still primarily about pleasure,"says Mark Singer, technical director of cuisine at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris."Cooking and eating are both pastimes and pleasure."The French might start their day with bread, butter, jam, and perhaps something hot to drink -- it's a time of the day when the whole family can be united. Singer, born in Philadelphia, has lived in France for more than 40 years. "Although things have changed greatly in the past 20 years when it comes to food in the country,"he says,"and what was a big affair with eating has been slowly softened up, there are still events in the year, like birthdays and New Year's Eve and Christmas Eve that are still really anchored in traditional food and cooking. But it's not every day." Some people think French food life may be a performance, adds Jennifer Berg, director of graduate food studies at New York University."They want to believe that France is this nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food. The reality is most croissants are factory-made, and most people are buying convenience food, except for the very small group of people in high society. But part of our identity relies on believing that myth." In Italy, as in France, takeout is still ly rare."Eating fast is not at all part of our culture,"says Marco Bolasco, editorial director of Slow Food and an Italian food expert. Our meals are relaxed, even during a lunch break. Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure, he says. An Italian child's first experience with food is not small round cakes or rice or eggs, but probably ice cream, notes Bolasco. Status and wealth play less of a role in food. What's the main idea of the passage? | [
"Food as identity.",
"Food as pleasure.",
"Food as survival.",
"Food as status."
] | 3D
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
What information supports the conclusion that Gabe inherited this trait? | [
"Gabe's parents have blond hair. They passed down this trait to Gabe.",
"Gabe's mother cuts his hair every month."
] | 0A
| natural science | scienceqa |
Complete the sentence.
Dew appearing on grass in the morning is a (). | [
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
Complete the sentence.
A fossil is (). | [
"a body part of a living organism",
"the preserved remains of an ancient organism",
"a model of an organism made by humans"
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
The legal age for drinking alcohol in the Unite States is twenty-one. Underage drinking is a crime but also a common part of college social life. This week in our Foreign Student Series, we look at alcohol rules at American colleges and universities. These rules differ from school to school, but many schools have been moving to strengthen their rules. The United States has more than 17,000,000 students in higher education. Each year, 1700 of them die from alcohol-related road crashes and other injuries. 600,000 more are injured while under the influence of alcohol. And almost 700,000 are attacked by another drunken. One behavior that college officials are trying to prevent is too much drink. Some researchers have found that students who think binge drinking is normal often think extremely how much other students really drink. A person can die of alcohol poisoning. At Oklahoma University, a nineteen-year-old student died from drinking heavily at a party in 2005. Now alcohol is banned from all sorority houses and university housing. Student organizations can serve alcohol at events but only on Friday and Saturday nights. Other new requirements include an alcohol education program that first-year students take online. The rules govern behavior on campus and off. With a first violation ,students pay seventy-five dollars and their parents are told. They must also take an alcohol education class. For a second "strike", they have to pay one hundred fifty dollars. A third strike means that they have to be suspended school for at least one semester. Since 2005,363 students have had a first strike. 30 have had a second strike-and only one hasn't allowed to go to school for one semester. The president at Oklahoma tells us the aim is not just to punish but to change the behavior and culture at the university. Which of the following is TRUE? | [
"College students are not allowed to drink alcohol at any time.",
"If students take an alcohol program online, they can drink alcohol.",
"Students having a first strike only receive punishment of fine.",
"Students with a second strike pay twice as much as students with a first strike."
] | 3D
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Paul worked as a cook in a restaurant. For Valentine's Day, he made chocolate desserts. He tripled the recipe to feed all the people. He separated the eggs and measured the sugar. Then he melted the chocolate. He mixed the egg whites until they made a thick foam. He mixed the egg yolks with the sugar. But as he was ready to mix everything, his boss asked him to do a different job. Paul chopped some vegetables. When he came back, Greg had taken over his work and made a mistake. The mix was much too thin. It looked like chocolate soup. It wouldn't rise at all. Luckily Paul was ready. He had practiced the dessert recipe before. It looked like it didn't have enough egg whites. Paul separated more eggs and mixed the egg whites. He added the extra egg whites to the mix. His addition worked. The desserts rose high in the oven. He saved the day! What ingredients did Paul use to make the desserts? | [
"Eggs, sugar, and chocolate",
"Chocolate, soup, and vegetables",
"Vegetables, sugar, and eggs",
"Soup, desserts, and vegetables"
] | 0A
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
Which would most likely need to happen for a new plant to grow? | [
"Leaves grow out of a stem.",
"Insects get attracted to the petals.",
"A blossom falls into the soil.",
"A seed sprouts into a seedling."
] | 3D
| natural_science | ai2_arc_challenge |
Select the one substance that is not a rock. | [
"A marble is made by humans. It is a solid.",
"Dolerite is a solid. It is not made by living things.",
"Marble is not made by living things. It is formed in nature."
] | 0A
| natural science | scienceqa |
A man went to see a doctor."Open your mouth,"the doctor said.Then the man opened his mouth and the doctor looked in quickly. "It's clear what's wrong with you.You need more exercise,"the doctor said. "But,doctor,"the man said,"I don't think..." "Don't tell me what you think,"the doctor said."I am the doctor,not you.I know what you need.I see hundreds of people like you.None of them get any exercise.They sit in offices all day and in front of the television in the evening.What you need is to walk quickly for at least 20 minutes a day." "Doctor,you don't understand,"the man said."I..." "I don't want to hear any excuses,"the doctor said."You must find time for exercise.If you don't,you will get fat and have health problems when you are older." "But I walk every day,"the man said. "Oh,yes,and I know what kind of walking that is.You walk a few feet to the train station from your house,a few more feet from the station to your office,and a few more feet from your office to a restaurant for lunch and back.That's not real walking.I'm talking about walking in the park for twenty minutes every day." "Will you listen to me,doctor?"the man shouted,getting angry with this doctor who thought he knew everything."I'm a postman,"the man went on,"and I walk for seven hours every day." . Why did the doctor not listen to the man? | [
"The postman spoke to him like a doctor.",
"He really wanted to help the postman.",
"He thought he knew the man's problem.",
"The man was slow in speaking."
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Why did humans evolve to walk upright? Perhaps because it's just plain easier. Make that "energetically less costly", scientifically speaking. Bipedalism--walking on two feet, is one of the defining characteristics of being humans, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimps to walk on a treadmill while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles .That measurement of the energy needed to move around was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week's online edition of "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences". It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one-quarter of the energy that chimps use while knucklewalking on four limbs .And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs. However, there were differences among chimps in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different manner of walking and anatomy .One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona. "What we were surprised at was the variation ", he said in a telephone interview. Interview. "That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution." Walking on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to drive the world, said Raichlen. "We think about the evolution of _ as one of first events that led hominids down the path to being humans." The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L.S.B.Leakey Foundation. We can infer from the passage that _ . | [
"scientists have no idea on how humans' walking on two legs came about",
"scientists have had different views on why chimps walk on four legs",
"scientists have had different views on how humans' walking on two legs vame about",
"scientists have had similar views on how humans' walking on two legs came about"
] | 2C
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
Compare the motion of two motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at a higher speed? | [
"a motorboat that moved 355kilometers in 5hours",
"a motorboat that moved 65kilometers in 5hours"
] | 0A
| natural science | scienceqa |
Select the vertebrate. | [
"pipevine swallowtail butterfly",
"ladybug",
"great blue heron",
"crown jellyfish"
] | 2C
| natural science | scienceqa |
"It was all his own idea, " says Pat Peters, the 38-year-old wife of Palo Alto, California high school . Bob had just drawn up a "motherhood contract" ----- a document stating that for 70 days this summer he would take over the care and feeding of the couple's four children, plus all household chores . Although he didn't even know how to make coffee when he signed, he was quite confident.(He thought the experience would make a nice book.) After 40 of the 70 days, he was ready to give up. "I was beaten down, completely humbled, " admits Peters. Three weeks later he spoke to the local press (also part of the bargain), stating, "Not only is motherhood a difficult task, not only is it never-ending, it is an impossible job for any normal human being." Bob and Pat were high school sweethearts. After they were married in 1960, she worked as a secretary to help put him through university. Since then Bob has been the football and wrestling coach at Palo Alto's Cubberley High while Pat raised the kids. Then two years ago Pat went back to work as a secretary at Cubberley. "I had been around children so much," she sighs , "I couldn't talk to a grown-up." She continued to run the household, however----- until Bob signed the contract, whereupon she decided to relax and enjoy it. Although Peters had consulted with his school's home economics teachers and the head of the cafeteria , his meals were sometimes a disaster. "I tried to slip the butter I'd forgotten under the eggs after they were frying, " he says. For the last three weeks, the family ate out a lot--sometimes having Macdonald's hamburgers for lunch and dinner. As for housekeeping, a home economics teacher had told Bob that a room always looks clean if the bed is made. "I found an easier way-----I shut the doors, " he says. Soon the kids were wearing the same clothes for a week. "I made them wear their shirts inside out, and when we went to pick up Pat at work they turned them right side out so they would look clean." Now that Bob has publicly admitted he was wrong, he is routinely sharing the child-raising and household tasks with Pat. The tentative title of his book about the summer is taken from something he shouted at the kids one day. Which of the following is true according to the passage? | [
"Bob managed to keep the kids' clothes clean.",
"Bob tried to cook good meals for his children.",
"Bob frequently took the kids out to eat because he was too busy at work.",
"Bob taught the kids to make their beds every day."
] | 1B
| human_sexuality | mmlu_labeled |
Ali is from a Middle Eastern country. He now stays in the USA. He smokes a lot of cigarettes every day. He has smoked for nine years. Ali says, " I tried to quit smoking in my hometown, but it was impossible. My brothers smoke. All my friends smoke. At parties and at meetings, almost all the men smoke. Here in the United States, not as many people smoke. It will be easier to change my habit here." Many smokers are like Ali: they want to stop smoking. The smokers know that smoking is bad for their health. They know it can cause cancer and heart disease. But it is difficult for them to give up smoking because cigarettes have a drug in them. The drug is nicotine . People who smoke a lot need nicotine. When a person first begins to smoke, he usually feels terrible. The nicotine makes him sick. In a few days, the smoker's body is used to the nicotine, and he feels fine. Later, the smoker needs nicotine to keep feeling fine. Without nicotine, he feels bad. It is very hard to quit smoking, and many people who quit will soon smoke again. At a party or at work they will decide to smoke "just one" cigarette. Then they will smoke another cigarette, and another. Soon they become smokers again. Maybe there is only one easy way to quit smoking: never start. Many smokers want to stop smoking because they _ . | [
"want to go to parties",
"can't smoke at work",
"know that smoking is bad for their health.",
"need nicotine and drugs"
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
The human body has an average, normal temperature of about 98.6ºF. To keep the core body temperature from becoming too high, the brain sends a signal to the body to | [
"decrease sugar levels in the blood.",
"increase sugar levels in the blood.",
"decrease blood flow to the skin.",
"increase blood flow to the skin."
] | 3D
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Which statement describes a harmful effect of clearing rainforests for farmland? | [
"makes more land available for local farmers",
"removes valuable habitat for local species",
"increases local groundwater levels",
"provides income for local residents"
] | 1B
| natural_science | ai2_arc_challenge |
A private sixth grade is set to start its lessons at 1.30 pm every day because the school's teacher thinks his students will study better after a morning lie-in . Instead of rising early for a 9 am start, students at the PS15,000-a-year Hampton Court House, in East Molesey, Surrey, will get to enjoy a lie-in and work from 1.30 pm until 7pm. Head teacher Guy Holloway says the move for all sixth grade students, set to begin from September, has been made according to research by scientists. He predicts that not only will his students aged 16 and upwards get great night's sleep, but their productivity will also be improved. The co-educational school will have the latest start time in the UK, and will be the only one to begin lessons in the afternoon. Experts say young people are programmed to get up later, and that rather than laziness it is simply a shift in their body clocks. 'There are 168 hours in a week and how productive they are depends on how they choose to use those hours,' said Mr Holloway. 'At Hampton Court House we don't think we have the answer for everybody; it's about what works in our school. We want to get them into a condition where they can get great sleep and study well.' He said students would also benefit from reduced journey times as they travel to and from school after rush hour . Year 10 student Gabriel Purcell-Davis will be one of the first of 30 A-level students to start at the later time. 'I want to wake up in my bed, not in my maths lesson,' said the 15-year-old. Lessons for all other students at the school will still begin at 9 am as usual. What can we learn about the new start time? | [
"It's suitable for every student.",
"It was based on scientific research.",
"Students are following the new school time now.",
"Only the sixth grade students will use the new school time."
] | 1B
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? | [
"clouds forming",
"sugar dissolving",
"water freezing",
"a candle burning"
] | 3D
| college_chemistry | mmlu_labeled |
Complete the statement.
Sodium hydroxide is (). | [
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
Many fertilizers contain organic materials that are helpful to an orchard but have a different effect when rain causes them to run off into a freshwater ecosystem. How does the addition of organic waste from fertilizers most commonly affect freshwater ecosystems? | [
"increasing biodiversity",
"increasing water clarity",
"decreasing algae blooms",
"decreasing oxygen levels"
] | 3D
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
Ears are for hearing -- everyone knows that. But for a creature called the Cuvier's beaked whale, hearing starts in the throat, a new study found. The observation might help explain how all whales hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar . This sonar, used by some ships, sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects. The Cuvier's beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale. Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food. As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales. This allows the animals to "see" the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they're 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark. To better understand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X-rays of two Cuvier's beaked whales. The whales had died and washed up on the beach. Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier's beaked whale's head. Then, they modeled the process of sound traveling through the head. The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure called "the window for sound". Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad of fat on the inside. When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale's head, they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal's jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally to the pad of fat near the animal's ears. Cranford guesses that other types of whales may hear through their throats. Further testing is needed to be sure. Eventually, the insight into how whales hear might explain whether sonar testing by military ships is causing the animals to wind up on beaches. Toothed whales look for food under the sea by _ . | [
"watching the shape and size of their objects",
"diving deep into the sea",
"sending and receiving sounds",
"making lots of noises"
] | 2C
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
Who is reading your blogs or checking out your information online? Two reports show that surfing the Internet and sending personal information to people you do not know could be a problem. Most sites give users their own webspace where they can write their diaries or post their pictures. The sites encourage users to get their friends to look at their work and to comment on what are posted on the sites. Teachers are worried that some children are posting their personal information on websites. This could put them at risk from those who plan to do harm to young people. Teachers are also worried some users think it is OK to use the websites in a way that could get others into trouble. In a school in Illinois in the US where some popular sites are used wildly, the school would punish students who posted pictures or information about smoking , drinking and other illegal activities on the websites. The school is now going to encourage its 3,200 students to obey a new rule. The warning is clear. That is, be careful when posting information about yourself such as your age, sex, address and interests on a website that anyone can see. Another warning about the Internet comes from a report. It shows searchers are leading users to websites that show them spam and other dangerous downloads.The words " free _ " were found to be the most dangerous words that people search for. It is well-known that visiting sites offering free MP3s leave users at serious risk. Spyware should be installed on their computers. So, happy surfing ,but remember not to get caught in the Net! What kinds of pictures or information are not allowed on the websites in a school in Illinois? | [
"Smoking , drinking and exercising.",
"Drinking, fighting and playing.",
"Smoking, drinking and fighting.",
"Chatting, watching and smoking."
] | 2C
| computer_security | mmlu_labeled |
Senior First Aid Registration Details: PARASOL EMT Pty Limited (ABN 39 072 488 914) Recognition Period: 01/01/1997 to 30/03/2008 Purpose: The aim of this course is to develop a student's competence and confidence in providing emergency first aid. This includes calling for help, the ability to respond to first aid situations, decision-making, and basic life support functions. This course covers adult and child conditions. _ This course is suitable for anyone requiring a first aid certificate for the workplace, recreational purposes, sporting, or home use. Format : A mixture of theoretical and practical elements , with at least 50% of time spent on practical skills. Requirements: Be at least 14 years of age. Learning Objectives: * Apply Life Support Skills * Apply First Aid Management Skills for Burns * Demonstrate the identification and management of bleeding and wounds. * Describe the recognition and management of internal bleeding * Manage an Emergency (Basic) * Apply First Aid Management for bone and joint injuries * Manage Emergency Situations * Apply First Aid Management skills for bites, stings and poisoning. * Manage an acute illness * Describe the recognition and management of an eye injury * Describe the basic structure and function of the human body. * Apply First Aid Management skills for chest, abdominal and head injuries According to the ads after you finish this course, you will probably do all the following EXCEPT _ . | [
"you can deal with common animals' bites and stings",
"you can do an operation on the chest and head",
"you can give first aid when someone hurt his leg badly",
"you can tell whether a person is bleeding inside his body"
] | 1B
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Food prices have risen sharply over the past few years. The good news is that the rate of increase has slowed. The bad news is that prices will not go down anytime soon. Also,the rate of global agricultural production is slowing. Yet it needs to increase 60% over the next 40 years to feed a growing world population. These are among the findings from the OECDFAO(the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development & the Food and Agriculture Organization)Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021. FAO DirectorGeneral Jose Graziano da Silva spoke at a news conference in Rome when the report was released. Mr.Da Silva said that,not surprisingly,the world's poorest people will feel the greatest effects of higher prices. "For the millions and millions of extremely poor people, the effects of high food prices are clear--they might have to change their diets,usually to ones with poorer nutrition quality, "he said. In middleincome countries, people are gaining weight as they eat fewer fruits and vegetables and more of the cheaper but less nutritious foods. The report also shows that farmers in poorer countries will be leading efforts to feed an expected 9,000,000,000 people by 2050.The outlook predicts that farmers in Latin America,the Caribbean and subSaharan Africa will drive agricultural production in the future. Angel Gurria,SecretaryGeneral of the OECD,said:"We can feed 9,000,000,000 people by 2050 on this planet. But we have to organize ourselves better." But there are plenty of challenges.Onefourth of all agricultural land is damaged. Many countries face water shortages .And experts believe climate change is driving increasingly unusual weather patterns. The report says farmers need to use more growing methods that can't cause damage to the environment.At the same time,it says governments should end economically harmful supports and spend more money to increase agricultural production.Mr.Gurria says rich and poor nations need to treat agriculture more like a business. "In many cases,agriculture is related in people's minds to the poorest. It's related to aid. It's related to very poor living conditions,etc. We have got to shake that image away,"he said. What can be done to deal with the slow agricultural production? | [
"Improving the growing methods.",
"Finding more agricultural land.",
"Preventing governments' involvement.",
"Improving farmers' living conditions."
] | 0A
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
A medical research team is trying to determine whether a cream that is rubbed on the chest will help reduce the coughing associated with a particular illness. The team conducts the research using several groups of people. Which step will most likely result in producing a dependent (responding) variable that will help validate their research? | [
"using a different amount of people in each trial",
"writing down the names of the people in the study",
"monitoring the reaction of each person in the study",
"applying the same amount of cream to each person"
] | 3D
| natural_science | ai2_arc_challenge |
Which statement about the Sun is true? | [
"The Sun is a very large star that exists far from the Milky Way Galaxy.",
"The Sun is at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.",
"The Sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of the Milky Way Galaxy.",
"The Sun has the Milky Way and several other galaxies moving in orbits around it."
] | 2C
| astronomy | mmlu_labeled |
Genes are unable to determine a person's | [
"eye color.",
"athletic ability.",
"number of teeth.",
"shape of earlobes."
] | 1B
| natural_science | ai2_arc_challenge |
Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society. Researchers in the United States studied 100,000 women during an eight-year period, beginning in 1994. All of the women were fifty or older. The study was part of the Women's Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health. The women were asked questions measuring their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers attempted to identify each woman's personality eight years after gathering the information. The study found that hopeful individuals were 14% less likely than other woman to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also 30 less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years, Hilary Tinkle from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life. The researchers also gathered information about people's education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period. Some women who answered the questions were found to be hostile , or highly untrusting of others. These women were 16% more likely to die than the others. They also were 23% more likely to die of cancer. The study also found women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely mot to exercise. Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person's physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research. What can be inferred from the passage? | [
"Negative emotions cause a shorter life indeed.",
"The more optimistic you are, the longer life you may enjoy.",
"It's uncertain whether optimism affects one's health.",
"There may be some link between personality."
] | 1B
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
A pollinating entity is one that move pollen from flower to flower and can be done by? | [
"a tiger",
"good for food",
"six legged entity",
"a heat source"
] | 2C
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
Based on this information, what is Pepe's phenotype for the ear type trait? | [
"dumbo ears",
"normal ears"
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
Assume all other forces on the train are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on the train? | [
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on the train.",
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on the train."
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
Before letting students use hammers to investigate how various minerals break, which question would the teacher most likely ask? | [
"Is everyone wearing goggles?",
"Who will get the minerals from the shelf?",
"What is the purpose of this investigation?",
"Has someone volunteered to make drawings of the breaks?"
] | 0A
| natural_science | ai2_arc_challenge |
Steven Jobs was born on February 24,1955,in San Francisco,California,and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs.In 1961 the family moved to Mountain View, California.At that time people started to refer to the area as "Silicon Valley". As a child, Jobs preferred doing things by himself, not interested in team sports or other group activities.He enrolled in the HewlettPackard Explorer Club. There he saw his first computer at the age of twelve. He was very impressed, and knew right away that he wanted to work with computers. At that time almost all computers were so large that one could fill a room, and so costly that individuals could not afford to buy them.Advances in electronics, however, meant that the parts of a computer were getting smaller and the power of the computer was increasing. By 1980 the personal computer era was well underway.Apple was continually forced to improve its products to remain ahead, as more competitors entered the marketplace. Apple introduced the Apple III, but the new model suffered technical and marketing problems.It was removed from the market. Early in 1983 Jobs unveiled the Lisa.It did not sell well,however, because it was more expensive than personal computers sold by competitors.Apple's biggest competitor was International Business Machines (IBM). By 1983 it was estimated that Apple had lost half of its market share ( part of an industry's sales that a specific company has) to IBM. In 1984 Apple introduced a revolutionary new model, the Macintosh.The Macintosh did not sell well to businesses,however.It lacked features other personal computers had, such as a corresponding high quality printer. The failure of the Macintosh signaled the beginning of Jobs's downfall at Apple. Late in 1988 the NeXT computer was introduced, aimed at the educational market.The product was very userfriendly,and had a fast processing speed, excellent graphics displays,and an outstanding sound system.Despite the warm reception,however, the NeXT machine never caught on. It was too costly, had a blackandwhite screen, and could not be linked to other computers or run common software. Which of the following leads to Jobs's downfall at Apple? | [
"The Apple III.",
"The Macintosh",
"The NeXT.",
"The Lisa."
] | 1B
| college_computer_science | mmlu_labeled |
The male insects in a population are treated to prevent sperm production. Would this reduce this insect population? | [
"No, because the insects would still mate.",
"No, because it would not change the offspring mutation rate.",
"Yes, because it would sharply decrease the reproduction rate.",
"Yes, because the males would die."
] | 2C
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled ( ) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, "Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!" Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled ( ) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart. Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me. "Thanks." Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in cleaning up and holding on. What made Kate so angry one evening? | [
"She couldn't find her books.",
"She heard the author shouting loud.",
"She got the news that her grandma was ill.",
"She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed."
] | 3D
| human_sexuality | mmlu_labeled |
Researchers around the world have been trying their hand at making better use of the huge amount of wind energy available in nature to produce clean energy. Apart from this, studies are being carried out to harness usable wind energy produced by man-made technologies. One useful source identified by Indian inventor Santosh Pradhan about two years ago is a speeding train, which produces fierce wind that can be transformed into electricity. According to Pradhan's proposal, with a few small improvements in existing trains running in Mumbai, the largest city in India, at least 10,000 megawatts of electricity could be harvested each day. Building on this principle, designers Ale Leonetti Luparinia and Qian Jiang from Yanko Design have created a device called T-Box that harnesses wind energy from speeding trains. T-Box can be placed within the railway tracks. It is half-buried underground between the concrete sleepers , which does not disturb the normal train operating at all. According to Yanko, around 150 T-Boxes can be fitted along a 1,000-meter railway track. A train running at a speed of 200 kph can produce winds blowing at 15 miles a second. Based on this calculation, 150 T-Boxes can produce 2.6 KWH of electricity per day. The T-Box's design won a silver medal in last year's Lite-On Awards and was exhibited last summer at the Xue Xue Institute in Taipei, Taiwan Province. Though the figures look impressive, it is important to remember that the design is still at a conceptual stage and hasn't taken into account issues such as pieces of waste material produced by the device and the efforts and costs involved in the maintenance of the device. We can expect the technology to see the light of the day only after it clears these issues. If so, rail travel, one of the greenest forms of travel, will become greener and more energy-efficient. How much electricity can be produced per day by T-Boxes along a railway track of 100km? | [
"260 KWH.",
"2.6 KWH.",
"150 KWH.",
"1.5 KWH."
] | 0A
| electrical_engineering | mmlu_labeled |
Louis Pasteur created a process that reduced the amount of bacteria in milk. How does this process most likely benefit people? | [
"by helping to prevent food allergies",
"by encouraging people to eat healthy foods",
"by helping to keep people from becoming ill",
"by curing diseases caused by lack of vitamins"
] | 2C
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
Students must apply for a place before attending any class.Applications,either by post or in person,are dealt with strictly in the order _ are received at the Adult Education Office. You can apply: BY POST-use the card provided with the exact fee.You will be accepted for the course unless it is full.in which case we will inform you.An acknowledgement will not be made nor a receipt sent unless you provide a stamped addressed envelope.Receipts will normally be given out at the first class. IN PERSON-call at the Adult Education Office(first floor,Block C)between approximately 9:00 a.m.and 3:30 p.m.(2:30 p.m.on Friday),or at the College Reception Desk(at the main entrance)at the other times(in the evenings until about 7:30 P.m.-not Fridays).Students should note that popular classes may be full before the course is to start,so that early application is strongly advised to avoid unhappiness. For the AUTUMN TERM,applications will be accepted by post(preferably)or in person from 1st August. For the SPRING TERM,applications will be accepted from 1st December. For the SUMMER TERM,applications will be accepted from 1st April. If students want to apply for the AUTUMN TERM,_. | [
"they must apply in person",
"they'd better apply by post",
"they must make applications by August 1st",
"they should check whether the course is full"
] | 1B
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Which point in the replication cycle appears most easily blocked by antivirals? | [
"Virus absorption",
"Virus penetration",
"Virus RNA and DNA replication",
"Exit of viruses from the cell"
] | 2C
| virology | mmlu |
Do you or someone you know use a mobile phone? In today's world, many people use a mobile phone especially businessmen and businesswomen. These people are an important part of the business world and help our economies develop. In fact in some countries even children and the elderly use mobile phones to keep in touch with family and friends. We know how useful it is to have a mobile phone, but do we know how safe these phones are? Some scientists say that mobile phones could be a risk to our health. So, money is being given to scientific research to find out if mobile phones may be harmful in any way. What does the future look like? Is a hands - free phone the answer? The idea behind hands - free sets is simple and maybe they are a safer way for people to communicate. The hands - free set has a piece in your ear and a microphone near your mouth which is connected to a wire that goes into your phone. Some scientists think this is a much safer way to use a phone. Some scientists have proved that a mobile phone 10 centimeters from your head is far safer than if the headset is right against your ear. Some reports say that hands - free sets have 95% less radiation exposure, while other reports say that hands - free sets expose you to more radiation. Governments and the mobile phone industry are researching the effects, including: * the effects of radio waves on blood pressure and the brain, such as the abilities to concentrate, remember and learn the connections between mobile phone use and brain cancer long - term effects of mobile phone use, looking at health histories of people who have used mobiles since the 1980s. They will be looking at both current mobile phones and the new generation of 4G phones. The results from these studies will help us understand more about the world beyond mobile communications. Wouldn't it be strange if scientists discovered that mobile phones were too dangerous and we had to stop using them and go back to writing letter and using the normal telephone? From the passage we can know _ . | [
"wearing headsets is a safer way when we communicate with mobile phones",
"nobody can tell exactly which the safer way to use a mobile phone is",
"we'd better stop using hands - free sets while scientists are looking at them",
"there is some connections between mobile phone use and some illness"
] | 1B
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
If an organism dies what happens to that organisms population? | [
"relaxes",
"cries",
"increases",
"subsides"
] | 3D
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various species in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight. Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require. All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps , and then wonder why the animal seems tired and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health. Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised _ . | [
"not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it",
"to pay attention to its proper feeding",
"not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exercise",
"to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations"
] | 1B
| anatomy | mmlu_labeled |
Do you dream of having beautiful hair like a model ? Well, you can have it if you look after your hair in the right way. To get beautiful hair, you first need to get healthy. So start eating good food, and start exercising. This will make your hair look healthy and full of life. You also need to keep your hair clean to make it look nice. But not many people know how to wash their hair in the right way. Many people wash their hair too much. This dries out their hair. You should only wash your hair every day if you have oily hair. If you have normal or dry hair, you should wash it every two or three days. According to the passage, a model has _ hair. | [
"cool",
"beautiful",
"long",
"colourful"
] | 1B
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
An interesting experiment is being done at the Children's Hospital I in London. Animals, such as dogs, cats, and even horses help sick children to get better. There are many reasons why this treatment is important. Dr. Marcus Finch of the Children's Hospital said, "Children and teenagers have many changes as they are growing up. When they have problems, it is not easy for them to open up any talk. However, when they are with a pet animal, they calm down, relax, and smile. Animals do not speak and so they do not criticize . They listen and they do not stop the children. Children can talk to animals because they can trust them. Animals know how to keep a secret! Also, the children feel needed because they help to feed the animals and look after them." At the Children's Hospital, you can find children playing with cats, dogs, goats, and riding horses. The doctors just watch and take notes and wonder at the power of pets! _ help sick children to feel better. | [
"Doctors",
"Animals",
"parents",
"Nurses"
] | 1B
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Using only these supplies, which question can Javier investigate with an experiment? | [
"Do rubber balloons stick to a wooden door or a metal door longer after being rubbed on his hair?",
"Do rubber balloons stick to a cotton blanket or a wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?",
"Do rubber balloons or foil balloons stick to the wooden door longer after being rubbed on his hair?"
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
The World's Largest Insect .This giant insect can be used as a toy. A child ties one end of a string to a stick and the other end around the "neck" of an insect. Holding the stick, the child lets the insect go. With a loud whirring sound, the insect takes off, pulling the string in a large curve over the child's head. The child laughs as the stick jumps around. The child is African, and the toy is the African Goliath beetle, the largest insect in the world. The Goliath is a true insect because it has six legs and a body that is divided into three parts. Like all beetles, it has two pairs of wings. The front pair are thick and stiff and protect the back pair, which are soft. It is these soft back wings that make the beetle fly forward. They also cause the loud whirring sound the beetle makes when it flies. To steer, the beetle twists and turns its legs the same way you steer a bike by turning its front wheel. African children often use the Goliath beetle as a toy. Although it is over 15 centimeters long, it is quite harmless. What do African children often use the Goliath beetle as? | [
"a tool.",
"a toy.",
"harmfull insects.",
"Good animals."
] | 1B
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
Well I decided to cut my front lawn today, especially since I live on a main street downtown with lots of traffic. Anyway, I finished mine and decided to cut my neighbor--Jean's grass while I was at it. She is a sweet person who has gone through some _ times in the last year. Her brother passed away of cancer last year; her sister (who lives with her) is mentally challenged--yet so sweet! It was a difficult time with physical and mental challenges that led her employer in our local hospital to let her go after 25 years of service! Lastly, my neighbor Jean, who is a nurse in our local hospital, was diagnosed with esophageal cancer in December. She went through radiation and a long recovery--but thankful she is in remission . Anyway, in short I was leaving my house this afternoon and she stopped me to thank me for cutting her grass. She told me her dad passed away on Friday and she just arrived home from the funeral service, so she didn't know when I would have time to cut her grass. So, when she arrived home and saw it cut she was more than happy and grateful! I said to her "You are welcome, just a small act of kindness for a neighbor." I did it for exercise and shared pleasure not knowing it meant more to her than just doing a neighbor a favor! How does Jean feel about the author helping her cutting grass? | [
"She feels sad.",
"She feels only happy.",
"She feels very happy and thankful.",
"She feels easy."
] | 2C
| human_sexuality | mmlu_labeled |
Hundreds of Chinese officials are to be sacked or demoted for their part in a vaccine scandal that has added to discontent at poor oversight of food and drug safety, especially relating to children. Xinhua, the state news agency, said late on Wednesday that 357 officials are to face punishment, with 192 criminal cases already filed and 202 people detained after improperly stored or transported vaccines were sent to 59 health institutions. This is the latest in a string of food and drug safety scandals in a country where parents often import products for infants and babies from overseas to ensure quality. Many remember with fear the 2008 milk powder scandal, in which infant formula laced with melamine caused at least six deaths and 300,000 children to fall ill. Beijing last month made public an illegal operation in eastern Shandong province in which a hospital pharmacist and her daughter traded $88m in vaccines that may have been compromised because they were expired or improperly stored or transported. The China Food and Drug Administration said, however, that the vaccines posed no greater than the normal risk to patients. "We don't see that the vaccines' effectiveness has been reduced," added the health watchdog in a report. Nonetheless, health officials fear a backlash against Chinese-manufactured vaccines, which already have a reputation for being more dangerous than those made overseas. Wang Yuedan, deputy director of Peking University's immunology department, said the key to evaluating risks is to check whether package seals are broken or for pollution with micro-organisms. "The vaccines in the Shandong case don't have those problems," he said. Those vaccines had been subject to higher than normal temperatures that could have lowered their effectiveness and reduced their protective value. But the official investigation showed the vaccines "are still effective", he said. Beijing, which publicized the affair almost a year after it was exposed, and several years after it started, appeared eager to show commitment to crack down on abuses by announcing the action, political analysts said. The CFDA said a system was being set up to track vaccines from production to use. The World Health Organization warned the scandal could endanger China's public health gains if parents become distrustful of vaccines. It also expressed confidence in Chinese vaccines, saying public immunization campaigns had erased polio and sharply reduced cases of hepatitis B and measles. What's the WHO's attitude toward Chinese vaccines? | [
"Indifferent",
"Skeptical",
"Objective",
"Hopeful"
] | 3D
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Going to college and living away from home for the first time can be terribie.Students tend to have higher academic achievements in college when they enjoy living in the dormitory.Most colleges and universities have many programs that help first-year students adjust to studying and living in a new community.Take advantage of these programs and make new friends as you adjust to your college life. _ .Greet and meet everyone in the dorm.Find out their class schedules and hobbies.You may be able to find study partners this way.Most students are just like you being away from their home the first time.Don't be afraid toknock on your neighbors'doors and introduce yourself.The residence staff will also help you in adjusting tocollege iife.Get to know them as soon as possible. Get along with your roommate.Your roommates can be eitherr your lifelong friends or enemies.Try to be friends to them.Respect each other, including their space.Do not use your roommates' belongings without permission.Communicate among each other regarding your daily schedule, study or sleep habits and off campus guest visits. Always say hello. Get involved.To adjust to college life away from home,you need to got involved in college activities.Join clubs.Attend events that are hosted by your residence life and academic departments.Attend those events with your new friends. Most colleges have many events throughout the semester.Student union is a great place to meet new friends and learn about the upcoming events. Call home when you need to.College life can be very exciting in the beginning. Most students get lonely and homesick during the middle of the semester or during festivals,It is normal to feel sad.Call home or even visit home when you need to. Talk to your friends back home.Understand that many people love and support you and they are very proud of you. According to the text,when you feel homesick at college,you can _ . | [
"find study partners",
"join clubs",
"call your parents",
"talk to new friends"
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Sleep deprivation is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests. It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international comparison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to have the highest number of sleep-deprived students, with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected. In literacy tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group. Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta. The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS) "I think we underestimate the impact of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally, on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show," says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center. "It's the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition," says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. "If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large proportions of children suffering from lack of sleep, it's having a significant impact. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction." That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering. What did the researchers of Boston College try to find? | [
"Why children don't get enough sleep",
"How many hours children sleep every night",
"The relationship between sleep and test results",
"The relationship between sleep and health"
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Below is a selection from a popular science book. If blood is red, why are veins blue? Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when it's outside the body, when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it's more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison. Which works harder, your heart or your brain? This question depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Do old people shrink as they age? Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn't because they're shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity . Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again?No, because old people don't really shrink!It is not that they are growing backwards--their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it's because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy ? Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling. The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity and motion sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning , the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not! Where do feelings and emotions come from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area--from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age? | [
"Their spine is in active use.",
"They are more easily affected by gravity.",
"They keep growing backwards.",
"Their spine becomes more bent."
] | 3D
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
At one time it was the dream of many little girls to become a nurse. Today, however, America is facing its worst nurse shortage since World War I. Recently about 2, 000, 000 nurses are needed and 60 percent of all hospitals in the US have shortages large enough to threaten the quality of care provided. The demand for nurses spreads widely throughout the nursing field. What has become of these women in white? The answer lies in not one but several causes. One possibility is the fact that women have greater career options . In the past, women who chose to work outside the home had two basic choices: nursing or teaching. Today, more women than ever are in the work force, but their options have greatly increased. There are women doctors, lawyers, firefighters and police officers. In fact, women today are found in nearly every field of work. Nursing has been left behind, as women move on to jobs with higher pay and greater status . A woman or man in the nursing field is often looked down upon as "merely a nurse". Teachers may be also at fault. Many high school students are actually being persuaded to keep away from nursing, told by teachers that they are "too bright to be a nurse". Americans are living longer than ever and requiring more medical attention. In fact, the number of elderly patients has almost doubled in the past twenty years. Obviously a larger population requires more nurses. AIDS and other diseases have caused more and more people to need nursing care. Usually fatal diseases mean long drawn-out hospital stay, that is to say, more nurses are needed to care for these patients. It is said that the demand for nurses will be doubled in the coming ten years. What are the main factors that are responsible for the shortage of nurses in America? | [
"Women are better educated and provided with more different jobs than men.",
"More women are clever enough to be doctors, lawyers and police officers.",
"Greater career options are offered for women and more patients require nurse care",
"There are more diseases and nurses are badly paid and looked down upon."
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
You will spend hours at the gym training your body, but do you ever think about training your brain? Here are four ways to keep your brain mentally active and healthy. Play games Your brain is a muscle just like the ones in the rest of your body. If you don't use it, you will lose it. For example, doing a crossword puzzle once a day is a good way to give the brain the exercise it needs. This kind of puzzle is good at training different areas of the brain. But remember that when doing this puzzle, you should gradually increase the complexity ; otherwise, it will become repetitive and stop being mentally challenging. Talk aloud Although it might sound strange to you, talking aloud is a great way to _ your memory. A good exercise to try is counting to 99 in threes as fast as you can. Be a team leader If you find you can do your work very easily, you should find a new task. It is important that your job should be mentally challenging. Complex jobs are often more challenging and make the brain work a little harder. Learn a language A study found that, compared with those who could speak only one language, the people who could speak two languages had a slower rate of cognitive decrease. Learning a new language is very challenging and it makes sure that different areas of the brain have their lights on. What is the main idea of this passage? | [
"Why you should train your brain.",
"How to be a good team leader.",
"Training the brain is more important than training the body.",
"How to make your brain healthy and work actively."
] | 3D
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
About five years ago, an American electrical engineer named Scott Brusaw and his wife Julie came up with the idea of putting solar panels on the ground rather than the roof. Then they began to develop the Solar Roadway. The Solar Roadway is an intelligent road that provides clean renewable energy using power from the sun while providing safer driving conditions, along with power and data delivery. They predict that the Solar Roadway will pay for itself through the generation of electricity along with other forms of income and that the same money that is being used to build and resurface current roads can be used to build the Solar Roadways. Each Solar Road Panel measures roughly 4 meters by 4 meters and contains a microprocessor that monitors and controls the panel, while communicating with neighboring panels and the vehicles traveling overhead. The inventors suggest that this provides a communications device every 4 meters on every road which could be used for example to warn drivers of cars which are moving across a centre line and various other speed control problems. The top of the Solar Road panels is made of super-strong glass that would offer vehicles the tractions _ need. According to the inventors, the Solar Roadway creates and carries clean renewable electricity and therefore electric vehicles can be recharged at any conveniently located rest stop, or at any business that has paved Solar Road Panels in their parking lots. The inventors say their Solar Roadway has many functions and advantages from main roads to driveways, parking lots, bike paths, sidewalks and runways. The Federal Highway Administration has given Brusaw $100,000 to develop the invention and Brusaw hopes to build a smart-road parking lot in the coming spring . In the inventors' opinion, the Solar Roadway _ . | [
"is too expensive to build at present",
"costs no more money than current roads",
"can provide as many data as present computers",
"will bring them a large sum of money"
] | 1B
| electrical_engineering | mmlu_labeled |
One afternoon, in Paris, I took a trip to an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of some great paintings of excellent artists. A young couple looking at the paintings in front of me were talking non-stop. I watched them a moment and decided she was doing all the talking. In fact, I was surprised at this man for putting up with her everlasting speech. Bored by their noise, I moved on. I met them several times as I moved through those rooms of art. Each time I heard her voice, I moved away at once. I was standing at the museum gift shop buying some cards when the couple walked to the exit . "He's a brave man," said the shop assistant. "Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age. But he and his wife come in whenever there's a new art show." It explained the non-stop talk! A sudden sense of shame came to my heart for what I was thinking just now. "But what does he get out of the art?" I asked. "His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head." At that moment I realized what is patience, courage and love. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person who can't see and courage of a husband who would not allow blindness change his love towards art. And I felt the love shared by the two as I watched them walking away holding each other's hands. What did the writer think of the woman at last? | [
"The woman was too noisy.",
"The woman was patient and loving.",
"The woman was blind.",
"The woman was brave."
] | 1B
| human_sexuality | mmlu_labeled |
You cannot go without a pencil when writing or drawing something. You have probably noticed letters H and B printed on your pencils.What,for example,do HB,2H or 3H mean? Those are letters showing the hardness of the lead or graphite in a pencil.H refers to hard lead.The bigger the Arabic number before the letter H,the harder the lead,and the lighter will be the colour. The hardest pencil has 6H on it.Such pencils are often used in making engineering drawings.People seldom write with them.B stands for soft lead.The bigger the number before the letter B,the softer the lead,and the darker will be the colour, the softest being the 6B pencil.Such pencils are favoured by artists. The HB pencil has a lead core that is neither too soft nor too hard.Its colour is medium in its blackness.It is most suitable for ordinary writing and drawing. A4B pencil is _ than a 3B one. | [
"harder",
"softer",
"better",
"more expensive"
] | 1B
| elementary_mathematics | mmlu_labeled |
"Eat local." It's one way to reduce human effect on the planet.Eating local means to try to buy and consume foods that are grown in places close to home.However, most of the food sold at supermarkets is not locally grown or produced.Trucks and planes deliver these foods from hundreds or thousands of miles away.During the transportation, greenhouse gases are produced, causing global warming.So the shorter the distance your foods must travel, the less the harm is done to the environment. But how do you get local food if you live in a large city, hundreds of miles away from farms?Environmental health scientist Dickson Despommier and his students came up with the idea of a "vertical farm". A vertical farm is a glass-walled structure that could be built as tall as a skyscraper.Since the garden is built upwards, rather than outwards, it requires much less space than an ordinary farm.The world is quickly running out of room for ordinary farming.Vertical farms could be a key to this situation.Despommier imagines a 30-story building with a greenhouse on every floor.The walls of the building would be clear, to allow crops to get as much sunlight as possible.Depending on a city's water resources, Despommier thinks hydroponic farming is another method for the vertical farm which needs no soil to grow plants. Despommier says the hydroponic greenhouses would use a system that would use a city's waste water and fill it with nutrition to make the crops grow.If this method works, it would provide food to a city and save millions of tons of water. The idea of a vertical farm has attracted the attention of government officials around the world.Scott Stringer, a government official from New York City, thinks the city is suitable for the vertical farming."Obviously we don't have much land left for us," Stringer said, "But the sky is the limit in Manhattan." Despommier admits that there is still a lot of work to do to make vertical farms a reality."But I think vertical farming is an idea that can work in a big way." he says. What can we learn about the vertical farming in the passage? | [
"In a vertical farm, soil may not be needed to grow plants.",
"It has solved the problem of the food shortage in a big way.",
"It is a 30-story building with a greenhouse on every floor.",
"Crops are mainly grown in the rainwater in a vertical farm."
] | 0A
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
Do you want to live a happier, less stressful life? Try laughing for no reason at all. That's how millions of people start their day at Laughter Clubs around the world and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy. The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr. Madan Kataria."Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day," says Dr. Kataria. "Everyone is naturally good at laughing -- it's the common language. We want people to feel happy with their lives." There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1,300 in the world. Many doctors are also interested in the effects of laughter on our health. According to a 5-year study at the UCLA School of Medicine in California, with laughing there is less stress in the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%. So what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest, I wasn't interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking silly. Our laughter teacher told us to clap our hands and say "ho ho ho, ha ha ha" while looking at each other. However, our bodies can't tell the difference between real laughter and unreal laughter, so they still produce the same healthy effects. Surprisingly, it works! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real and some people just couldn't stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed and comfortable I felt. So if you're under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with the results. The article mainly tells us _ . | [
"young children laugh much more often than adults in a day",
"laughing is one of the best ways to stay healthy",
"many doctors are also interested in the effects of laughter on our health",
"real laughter and unreal laughter are both good for health"
] | 3D
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
About 3 months ago, my father was in hospital recovering from a major lung operation. My mother had recently passed away, and my father had taken the loss of his partner of 58 years very hard and had lost interest in life. It was quite difficult to try to get him to eat each day as he didn't want anything. The one thing, however, that he would ask us to bring him was ice cream. One evening, to our surprise, he refused to eat the ice cream, so I placed it in a staffroom refrigerator. A little while later, my son said he wanted it, so I fetched it for him. As I passed another ward , a woman asked, "Are there more where that came from?" When I explained, she seemed very disappointed. She then said that she had cancer and could eat very little other than the occasional ice cream. The next evening, I decided to buy two ice creams. On the way to dad's room, I came into the sick woman's room, and offered her the ice cream I'd bought for her. She was totally astonished that I had thought of her, and accepted the gift with tears in her eyes. I spoke with her for a few minutes, explaining what was happening in my family and listened to her similar story of pain and suffering. It was _ that she did not have many visitors. I repeated the gesture a few days later, and this time I received a warm hug. I never even thought to ask her name and never saw her again, but it made me realize that a simple act of kindness can bring joy to a person's unfortunate life. ,. Why it was difficult to try the author's father to eat food? | [
"Because his father has being recovering from a major lung operation.",
"Because his father can't eat food just after a major lung operation.",
"Because his mother passed away and his father lost interest in life.",
"Because his father was very weak."
] | 2C
| human_sexuality | mmlu_labeled |
Barry collected four different rocks. The rock with the GREATEST mass will feel the ___. | [
"heaviest",
"smoothest",
"sharpest",
"hardest"
] | 0A
| college_physics | mmlu_labeled |
Toasting bread makes it | [
"smaller",
"longer",
"wider",
"harder"
] | 3D
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
I have seven bags. Three bags are big, and the other four bags are small. I have some basketballs and volleyballs. I put two volleyballs in each small bag. And I put two basketballs and two volleyballs in each big bag. The number of the volleyballs is my age. I have _ basketballs. | [
"six",
"eight",
"ten",
"twelve"
] | 0A
| elementary_mathematics | mmlu_labeled |
Scientists have long puzzled over how iguanas, a group of lizards mostly found in the Americas, came to live in the isolated Pacific islands of Fiji and Tonga. Some scientists used to suppose that they must have traveled there on a raft, a journey of around 5,000 miles from South America to the islands. There are documented cases of iguanas reaching remote Caribbean islands and the Galapagos Islands on floating logs. But new research in January by Brice Noonan and Jack Sites suggested that iguanas may have simply walked to Fiji and Tonga when the islands were still a part of an ancient southern supercontinent. The ancient supercontinent was made up of present-day Africa, Australia, Antarctica and parts of Asia. If that's the case, the island species would need to be very old. Using "molecular clock" analysis of living iguanas' DNA, Noonan and Sites found that, sure enough, _ has been around for more than 60 million years--easily old enough to have been in the area when the islands were still connected by land bridges to Asia or Australia. Fossils uncovered in Mongolia suggest that iguanid ancestors did once live in Asia. Though there's currently no fossil evidence of iguanas in Australia, that doesn't necessarily mean they were never there. "The fossil record of this continent is surprisingly poor and cannot be taken as evidence of true absence," the authors write. So if the iguanas simply walked to Fiji and Tonga from Asia or possibly Australia, why are they not also found on the rest of the Pacific islands? Noonan and Sites say fossil evidence suggests that iguana species did once inhabit other islands, but went extinct right around the time when humans settled in those islands. But Fiji and Tonga have a much shorter history of human presence, which may have helped the iguanas living there to escape extinction. The researchers say that their study can't completely rule out the rafting theory, but it does make the land bridge theory "far more reasonable than previously thought." According to Noonan and Sites, 60 million years ago _ . | [
"the land of the world was a supercontinent",
"Fiji and Tonga were connected to Asia or Australia",
"Africa, Australia and America were a continent",
"iguanas walked to Fiji and Tonga from Africa"
] | 1B
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
After mining removes layers of rock from a hillside, new plants begin to grow in the cracks of the bare rock. The plants beginning to grow are an example of which natural process? | [
"secondary succession in an existing ecosystem",
"new species developing in an ecosystem",
"species competition in a community",
"primary succession in a new habitat"
] | 3D
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
Stars appear in different areas in the sky at different times of year due to what? | [
"Earths Rotation",
"Changing Weather",
"Suns Rotation",
"Time Change"
] | 0A
| astronomy | mmlu_labeled |
In May 2007, wildfires burned more than 350 square miles of habitat in Florida and Georgia. Intense fires like this one can temporarily remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in area soil. What most likely happens in the burned areas until organic decay replenishes the lost nutrients? | [
"Consumers take on the ecological role of producers.",
"Only secondary consumers obtain the resources they need.",
"The carrying capacity of the soil for plant growth is reduced.",
"The remaining organisms in the area become more territorial."
] | 2C
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
What information supports the conclusion that Michelle acquired this trait? | [
"Michelle can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night.",
"Michelle is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day.",
"A pilot taught Michelle how to fly a plane."
] | 2C
| natural science | scienceqa |
Little Smart or Xiaolingtong is becoming more and more popular in China. But you can use it only in your city. If you go to another city, it will have no use. It looks like a mobile phone, but the service( )is quite cheap. We only need to pay about 20 yuan a month for the line and about 0.1 yuan each minute for the talk. What's more, you don't have to pay any money when someone else calls you. But little Smart is not really so smart. Users often complain about( ) its bad voice. " I can't make or get a phone call when I am on a bus," a person in Hangzhou said. Scientists are trying their best to make Little Smart smarter. And the latest Little Smart even has a color screen. The latest Little Smart _ . | [
"has good sounds",
"has a colour screen( )",
"has a bad voice",
"is not smarter"
] | 2C
| computer_security | mmlu_labeled |
The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics,many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes,may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine ,new research suggests. "People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk," Dr.Jennifer M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study,"Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking," she said. This finding may seem counterintuitive ,since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed,research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. _ Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes. Yet,few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association,Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area,including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores. Upon further research,the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated with weaker word and space reasoning. Thus,though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers,it did seem to account for some of the effects,the report indicates. What is the passage mainly about? | [
"Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinking.",
"Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental function.",
"Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokers.",
"Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores."
] | 0A
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
India was once part of the British Empire, but thanks to modern technology and a booming economy, it has turned the tables on its former colonial master. Indian tutors are helping to teach math to British children over high-speed Internet connections. Early results suggest the idea is improving exam results. But not everyone is happy at this "outsourcing" of tutoring. It's 3:30, and pupils at Raynham Primary School in London are gathering for their after-school maths lessons. Five time zones-- thousands of kilometers away--their math tutors are also arriving for class. High-speed Internet has made it possible for Indian tutors to teach British pupils in real time. Each pupil gets a dedicated one-to-one online tutor. The students work with activities on their computer screen and wear a headset and microphone to talk to their tutor. The class teacher, Altus Basson, says he has seen an improvement in results. "There are some children who've really rocketed in their results. Children who struggleto focus in class focus a lot better on the laptops. The real advantage is that each child gets a focused activity and a single tutor," he said. Such individualized teaching is the core idea of Brightspark Education, the company that provides the online tutoring, says founder Tom Hooper. "Children today feel very confident online; they feel very engaged; they feel very in control. And that's half the battle with education.Give them control, make them feel confident and enjoy their learning and you'll see them start to improve and embrace it," he said. Raynham Primary School is among the first in Europe to try online tutoring. At between $20 and $25 an hour, it's about half the cost of face-to-face coaching. But some people say an Internet connection is not enough of a connection for teaching and learning. Kevin Courtney is deputy General Secretary of Britain's National Union of Teachers. "We think, there's a really important emotional connection between a teacher and a child whether it's a whole class or whether it's one-to-one. You need that immediacy of feedback and we're not convinced that that can happen across an Internet connection. In one of the wealthiest.countries in the world, we think that we can afford to have teachers with genuine emotional connection there with the children," he said. Brightspark Education says the online tutoring is used only as an addition to supplement regular teaching. The company says its service does not represent a threat to teachers' jobs in Britain. Parents say they're very satisfied with the results they've seen. And what about the children?Children: "I love it!"I love it!"I hate maths!" So math--or, as the British call it, maths--is still not everyone's favorite subject even with the latest technology to teach it. According to Kevin Courtne, _ . . | [
"online tutoring will represent a threat to teachers' jobs in Britain",
"online tutoring has a great influence on British.",
"the emotional connection between a teacher and a child is important",
"immediacy of feedback can happen across an Internet connection"
] | 2C
| college_computer_science | mmlu_labeled |
Not a day goes by when we don't use the World Wide Web. Today it has become almost as important to every family as food and water! This year, the World Wide Web has turned 25 years old. What many people don't know is that the web was at first created to improve communication between thousands of scientists in Switzerland. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee was a 34-year-old British physicist working as a software engineer at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Switzerland. Since CERE was a huge organization with thousands of scientists, communication between them was becoming increasingly difficult. Berners-Lee wanted to develop a system to solve the problem. His paper suggested an information system, where a page on one computer could have a link to another page on another computer ( connected through the Internet) allowing scientists to read lots of information quickly. However, Berners-Lee's boss said that it sounded exciting but impossible. Even though there were many difficulties and few supporters, Berners-Lee went on to develop the World Wide Web. He came up with ideas such as Hyper-text Transfer Protocol to allow computers to talk to each other, Hyper-text Markup Language (HTML) to create the pages, a server to serve the pages, and a browser to see them. In December 1990, the World Wide Web was demonstrated and in 1991, the WWW project was made public, so that other programmers could develop their own browsers. Berners-Lee believed that it could be used for more than scientific purposes. He wanted the Internet to be easy for anyone to use-a free open software. His wishes soon came true. Although the World Wide Web has today turned into a completely different thing from what it meant at first, it has become necessary and important to our lives, powering our mobile technologies and the way we get information. The World Wide Web was created to_. | [
"help people get information easily and quickly",
"support the development of mobile technologies",
"make it easier for British scientists to communicate",
"improve communication between scientists at CERN"
] | 3D
| college_computer_science | mmlu_labeled |
Which tool would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell? | [
"hand lens",
"telescope",
"binoculars",
"microscope"
] | 3D
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of | [
"wood",
"plastic",
"cardboard",
"metal"
] | 3D
| high_school_physics | mmlu_labeled |
A man went to see a doctor."Open your mouth,"the doctor said.Then the man opened his mouth and the doctor looked in quickly. "It's clear what's wrong with you.You need more exercise,"the doctor said. "But,doctor,"the man said,"I don't think..." "Don't tell me what you think,"the doctor said."I am the doctor,not you.I know what you need.I see hundreds of people like you.None of them get any exercise.They sit in offices all day and in front of the television in the evening.What you need is to walk quickly for at least 20 minutes a day." "Doctor,you don't understand,"the man said."I..." "I don't want to hear any excuses,"the doctor said."You must find time for exercise.If you don't,you will get fat and have health problems when you are older." "But I walk every day,"the man said. "Oh,yes,and I know what kind of walking that is.You walk a few feet to the train station from your house,a few more feet from the station to your office,and a few more feet from your office to a restaurant for lunch and back.That's not real walking.I'm talking about walking in the park for twenty minutes every day." "Will you listen to me,doctor?"the man shouted,getting angry with this doctor who thought he knew everything."I'm a postman,"the man went on,"and I walk for seven hours every day." . Which of the following is true? | [
"The postman sent letters on foot.",
"The doctor had a walk in a park every day.",
"The postman lived near a train station.",
"The postman went to see the doctor on foot."
] | 0A
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
What information supports the conclusion that Ryan acquired this trait? | [
"Ryan knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.",
"Ryan learned how to knit in an after school program."
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
Select the part whose main job is to help an animal cell make proteins. | [
"vacuoles",
"endoplasmic reticulum",
"mitochondria",
"cytoplasm"
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
The colour systems used by scientists and artists are completely different. An artist will mix blue and yellow paint to get a shade of green; a scientist will mix green and red light to create yellow. The printed page in a magazine is yet another system. Scientists recognize the light primaries are red, green and blue. When mixed, red and green light rays produce yellow, blue and green produce cyan, red and blue produce magenta. Red, green and blue mix to create white (light). This colour model is used in computer monitors, television sets and theatre. Most artists recognize red, yellow and blue as the three basic primary colours. These primaries are the pure colours which cannot be created by mixing any other colours. In the print industry, cyan, magenta, yellow and black are used as the primary colours. When you mix all the colours, the result is gray. If an artist wants to get green, he must _ . | [
"mix blue and yellow",
"mix blue and red",
"mix red and yellow",
"mix red, yellow and blue"
] | 0A
| college_computer_science | mmlu_labeled |
A fixed output level in the long run at full-employment output corresponds with which of the following shapes of the long-run Phillips curve? | [
"Horizontal",
"Convex to the origin",
"Concave to the origin",
"Vertical"
] | 3D
| high_school_macroeconomics | mmlu |
A student recorded the growth rate of plants grown in the presence of two different types of music. Plants grown in the presence of one type of music grew faster than the other plants. Before reporting a conclusion, which should the student most likely do? | [
"use different plants",
"do the experiment again",
"add a third type of music",
"use fewer plants"
] | 1B
| college_biology | mmlu_labeled |
I look in the mirror, and I'm not happy with what I see. I don't have a "perfect" face. I look in the magazines and all I see are girls with fair hair, blue eyes, and, of course, a pretty little nose. They're on the outside of the buses that I take home, the television programs I watch, and the billboards I walk under. Almost every advertisement I see shows this human physical "perfection". These billboards not only tell me what to drink, but also how to look. Our society place more importance on a person's physical beauty, rather than their ability, honesty and character. We have influenced women to go through painful surgeries and starve themselves to become this society built physical model. To be a beautiful woman in the 21st century doesn't mean that you are a brilliant doctor or caring mother. It means you have the perfect jaw, eyes and lips. It means that you can be six feet tall and weigh one hundred and ten pounds. But what about the women who are starting to leave their youth? Instead of looking at aging as a sign of wisdom, we try to prevent the aging process . It's a kind of funny thing to want to look eighteen when fifty. Fifty is a relaxed age, when you can step back and look at all you've achieved (successfully complete something). It is when your hard work pays off. Unfortunately, our society just sees you as "old". To stop the aging process, women buy wrinkle creams, do eye lifts and face lifts. They spend thousands of dollars to win the hopeless battle against age. I remember when I was about thirteen years old and going through teens, I had oily hair, and a half developed body. I hated the way I looked. I used to cry to my mother all the time, but she would just laugh and tell me that "you don't want anyone to like your appearance. It's your heart that is important, because beauty fades. " I knew that she was right. If you work on your heart enough, people will start to see the beauty in you, which lasts and remains on even after you die. It is _ that regard(s) the physical beauty as more important. | [
"women themselves",
"the author's parents",
"newspapers and magazines",
"society"
] | 3D
| human_sexuality | mmlu_labeled |
Select the one true statement. | [
"An animal cell has both a cell wall and chloroplasts.",
"The nucleus of a plant cell has chromosomes.",
"The cell membrane of an animal cell uses sunlight to make sugar."
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
My 6-year-old granddaughter Caitlin and I stopped at a shop for a chocolate cake. As we were going out of the door, a young teenage boy was coming in. The boy had no hair on the sides of his head and some blue hair on top. He held a skateboard under one arm and a basketball under the other. Caitlin, who was walking in front of me, stopped when she saw the teen. I thought she'd be scared of him. I was WRONG. She backed up against the door and opened it as wide as it would go. I walked to the other side and let the boy pass. He said: "Thank you very much." On our way to the car, I talked with Caitlin about holding open the door for the boy. I wanted to make sure whether she was troubled by his appearance. But the only thing Caitlin noticed about the teen was the fact that his arms were full. "He would have had a hard time to open the door." I saw the shaved head and the blue hair. She saw a person carrying something under each arm and walking toward a closed door. In the future, I hope to get on her level and raise my sights. What made Grandma feel uncomfortable? | [
"The skateboard under the teen's arm.",
"The terrible taste of the chocolate cake.",
"The strange appearance of the teen.",
"The rude action of the teen."
] | 2C
| human_sexuality | mmlu_labeled |
What will man be like in the future----in 5000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald. Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. Which of the following serves as the evidence that man is changing? | [
"Man's hair is getting thinner and thinner.",
"Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had.",
"Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.",
"Man's arms and legs have become lighter and weaker."
] | 2C
| human_sexuality | mmlu_labeled |
Complete the sentence.
Shaking up salad dressing is a (). | [
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 1B
| natural science | scienceqa |
It is often assumed that people with parents who lived to be very old are more likely to live to a grand old age themselves. "But that's just not true - our study shows that hereditary factors don't play a major role and that lifestyle has the biggest impact." says professor Lars Wilhelmsen, referring to the 1913 Men Study that formed the basis of the current research. Those who did not smoke, consumed mild amounts of coffee and had a good socio-economic status at the age of 50 (measured in terms of housing costs), as well as good physical working ability at the age of 54 and low cholesterol at 50 had the greatest chance of celebrating their 90th birthday. "We're breaking new ground here." says Wilhelmsen. "Many of these factors have previously been identified as playing a role in cardiovascular( )disease, but here we are showing for the first time that they are important for survival in general," He believes that it is significant that the research illustrates so clearly that it is the sum of our own habits that has the biggest impact. "The study clearly shows that we can influence several of the factors that decide how old we get," says Wilhelmsen. "This is positive not only for the individual, but also for society as it doesn't need any major drug costs," The study has been published in the Journal of Internal Medicine. The 1913 Men study started up in 1963. A third of all male 50-year-olds in Gothenburg were called for a check-up that focused on cardiovascular health. Every ten years since, a new group of 50-year-olds has been called in and those who were already taking part in the study have been given another check-up. This has enabled researchers to follow the development of illnesses in a specific age group, and to compare the health of 50-year-olds in 2003 with that of 50-year-olds in 1963, for example. Women have also been included in the study since 2003. Data have been studied over the years. including BMI , smoking habits, cholesterol, exercise habits and blood pressure, The men born in l913 were examined when they were 50, 54,60, 67, 75 and 80. Of the 855 men who took part in the study from the start, lll (13%) were still alive at the age of 90. Over the years the material has brought out many research articles. An interesting result came in 2008 when researchers were able to show that the drop in the number of smokers, combined with lower cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure, between 1963 and 2003 could offer an explanation for the marked downturn in the number of heart attacks during this 40-year period. From the article we can infer that _ . | [
"more men than women are in the habit of smoking",
"scientists began to study men's habits in the year 1913",
"women tend to Live a longer life than man because of their good lifestyle",
"heart attack is related to smoking, cholesterol take-in and blood pressure"
] | 3D
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
What do these two changes have in common?
cooking an egg
salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny | [
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling."
] | 0A
| natural science | scienceqa |
Cities with high levels of homeownership--in the range of 75%, like Detroit and St. Lous -had on average considerably lower levels of economic activity and much lower wages and incomes. Far too many people in financial problems are trapped in homes they can't sell, unable to move on to new centers of opportunity. The cities and regions with the lowest levels of homeownership--in the range of 55% to 60% like Los Angeles and New York--had healthier economies and higher incomes. They also had higher levels of happiness and well-being. I was shocked to read these interesting points that Richard Florida made in his recent article. Let me try to understand. The people in Detroit and St. Louis are less happy than the people in New York, and Los Angeles. And, the reason is because of home ownership rates? First, to compare them to New York City (the economic capital of the world), Los Angeles (the entertainment capital of the world) seems unfair. Most people in almost any other city in the world might be less happy! Next, let's try a different way of determining whether renters are happier than homeowners. Why don't we ask them? Fannie Mae's National Housing Survey 2010 reported: 75% of current renters believe owning a home makes more sense. 67% plan to buy a home at some point in the future. When they asked current renters for the major reason to buy a house, these were their answers (they could pick several answers): 78% said it was a good place to raise children. 75% said because they would feel safe. 70% said because you have control your own space. If you believe renters are happier, you would also have to believe the majority enjoy living in a less safe environment, which wouldn't be a good place to raise children and would be a place where they have less control of their space. ks5u According to the passage, current renters' reasons to buy a house are the follows except _ . | [
"to have a good place to raise children",
"to live in a safer environment",
"to make money",
"to have control of their own space"
] | 2C
| high_school_microeconomics | mmlu_labeled |
Which of the following is a harmful waste material that leaves the blood and travels through the lungs before leaving the body? | [
"CO2.",
"O2.",
"H2O.",
"NaCl."
] | 0A
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Art robbery and art forgery are both major themes in crime movies and literature.In the 2012 comedy movie Gambit, British actor Colin Firth plays an art curator who cheats his abusive boss into buying a fake Monet. In reality, art crimes are no less interesting and exciting. According to The New York Times, over the past 15 years, Glafira Rosales fooled two local commercial art galleries into buying 63 false works of art for more than $30 million.She passed off fake paintings as works by 20th century modernist masters such as American artists Mark Rothko and Jackson Pollock.But in fact, these so called "newly discovered works" were all produced by a single man, a Chinese immigrant named Qian Peishen. The art world was shocked by Rosales' deception.But to the public, it was amusing and most satisfying to see wealthy people get tricked. So what decides the value of a piece of art? Is it beauty? Is it the artist's talent and craftsmanship? Or is it just because the artist is famous? We should take beauty out. If the buyers were buying paintings only for their beauty, they'll be content displaying good fakes on their walls. They wouldn't be so upset when a forgery is exposed. The art market claims that great artists are inimitable, and that this inimitability justifies the absurd price of their works. We can't deny that most famous artists are good at what they do, but forgers like Qian show that their works are imitable.Otherwise, the difference between the original and the copycats would be obvious and Rosales would not be able to fool anyone. According to an article in the Economist, expensive paintings are what economists call positional goods. They are valuable because other people can't have them. With other goods, a higher price reduces demand.But art turns down the laws of economics. "When the goods that is really being purchased is evidence that the buyer has paid a lot, price increases cause demand to boom," explained the article. That's why scarcity and authenticity are so important in the art market. Artists sometimes forget this.Demien Hirst, the British pop artist, is famous for his spot paintings. But they dropped in value when it became clear that they had been produced in quantities so vast that nobody knew how many were out there.The art market lost faith in these paintings because no one could be sure which of them were authentic and which were fake. What is the law of economics theory behind art goods according to the economists? | [
"They are valuable goods.",
"High prices reduce the demand of art goods.",
"High prices increase the demand of art goods.",
"They are produced in quantities to satisfy people."
] | 2C
| high_school_microeconomics | mmlu_labeled |
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Caleb lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds. | [
"climate",
"weather"
] | 0A
| natural science | scienceqa |
Which is the hardest? | [
"metal horseshoe",
"burlap sack",
"rubber gloves"
] | 0A
| natural science | scienceqa |
TOKYO -- The number of domestic infections cases of influenza A/H1N1 in Japan hits 42 on Sunday after a total of 34 people in Osaka and Hyogo counties were confirmed to have been infected, local media reported. The total number of the infection in the country now stands at 46, including the first four cases contracted abroad. The country is now facing the risk of grass-root outbreak which could lead the WHO to raise its new flu pandemic alert to the highest level of 6 from the current 5, experts has warned. The 34 newly confirmed domestic cases, 11 in Osaka and 23 in Hyogo, included high school students, college students and teachers, the health ministry and local governments said Sunday. Japan on Saturday confirmed the first eight cases of domestic infection on students of a Kobe high school. The later confirmed cases in Osaka are said to have contacted the Kobe students in a volleyball match. Osaka and Hyogo are neighboring in the Kansai region. All of the 42 people had no record of overseas travel. Meanwhile, a total of 143 students at the Kansai Okura Senior High School where many infections in Osaka were found, have shown symptoms of influenza since around Monday, according to local media reports. The privately run school said it will be closed from Monday through Saturday. More than 1,000 educational facilities -- kindergartens, and elementary, junior and senior high schools -- in Osaka and Hyogo counties have decided to suspend classes for certain periods following the confirmation of new flu infections in the counties, Kyodo News reported. The two counties have requested private schools to follow suit. Osaka Governor Toru Hashimoto held a meeting of a new flu task force on Sunday and decided to ask facilities such as movie theaters to suspend operations to prevent the spread of the flu. TV clips showed people in Kansai region started to wear masks in public spaces and rushed to drug stores for buying medicines. The Japanese government on Saturday shifted the stage of its new-flu action program from "a period of overseas outbreak" to "a period of domestic outbreak" and called for companies and schools in the areas concerned to allow individuals to avoid commuting during rush hours. The Kyodo News quoted Masato Tashiro, a member of the World Health Organization's emergency committee, as saying that several hundred people in Japan already may have been infected with the new flu. According to the passage, the total number of the A/H1N1 infection in Japan now is _ . | [
"42",
"34",
"46",
"143"
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Throughout history, rainbows have been a source of mystery and legend. Rainbows are also important symbols in a number of cultures around the world. In the Old Testament of the Bible(<<>> ), for example, God shows Noah a rainbow to let him know that the Flood is over and that he will never destroy the earth again with flooding. When it rains, the color1s that make up white light separate because they bend at different angles when they pass through water. The result is some of the color1s can be seen by the human eyes, as well as some that cannot. Everyone knows that we can sometimes see rainbows on a rainy day. However, you actually have a chance of seeing a rainbow anytime there is light behind you and water in the air in front of you. So, if you want to know what it feels like to have the power of God, get a spray , stand with your back to the sun, and create a rainbow! Which of the following is true about rainbows? | [
"Rainbows once destroyed the earth in history.",
"Japanese believe the rainbow is made from wild flowers.",
"The rainbow shows that the human eyes can see all the color1s in the light.",
"It is possible for us to see rainbows on rainy days as well as on sunny days."
] | 3D
| astronomy | mmlu_labeled |
If you are sending a text, watching the TV or listening to the radio, you may want to stop and give this your full attention. Multi-tasking shrinks the brain, research suggests. A study found that men and women who frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain. University of Sussex researchers said, "Simultaneously using mobile phones, laptops and other media devices could be changing the structure of our brains." The finding follows research which has linked multi-tasking with a shortened attention span, depression, anxiety and lower grades at school. The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking email, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the web. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The findings held even when differences in personality were taken into account. The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, is the first to make a link between multi-tasking and the structure of the brain. Researcher Kep Kee Loh said, "Media multi-tasking is becoming more common in our lives today and there is increasing concern about its impacts on our cognition and social-emotional well-being." He added that more research is needed to prove that multi-tasking shrinks the brain. This is because it is also possible that people with less grey matter in the ACC are more drawn to using lots of small devices simultaneously. Scientists have previously demonstrated brain structure can be changed on prolonged exposure to new environments and experience. Other studies have shown that training -- such as learning to juggle or taxi drivers learning the map of London -- can increase grey-matter densities in certain parts. Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? | [
"What multi-tasking is probably linked with.",
"How researchers draw inferences about multi-tasking.",
"How different health conditions affect brain structure.",
"Significance and limits of the research from University of Sussex ."
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
EDGEWOOD-Every morning at Dixie Heights High school,customers pour into a special experiment:the district's first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs. Well before classes start,students and teachers order Lattes,Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates.Then,during the first period,teachers call in orders on their room phones,and students make deliveries.By closing time at 9:20a.m.,the shop usually sells 90drinks."Whoever made the chi tea,Ms.Schatzman says it was good,"Christy McKinley,a second year student,announced recently,after hanging up with the teacher. The shop is called the Dixie PIT,which stands for Power in Transition.Although some of the students are not disabled,many are,and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.They keep a timecard and receive paychecks,which they keep in check registers. Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.Not that it was easy.Chevalier's first problem to overcome was product-related.Should schools be selling coffee?What about sugar content?Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped.She made sure all the drinks,which use non-fat milk,fell within nutrition guidelines. The coffee shop is mostly run by . | [
"all the students",
"all the teachers",
"students with special learning needs",
"some special-education teachers"
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
WHAT do you do when you feel lonely? Hide yourself away and spend your time reading, watching TV or walking around? You might think that feeling lonely is just like feeling happy, sad or scared - that it's just one of your various moods . That is true. However, if you let yourself be lonely for too long without dealing with it, you could be making a serious mistake. Doctors have known for some time that feeling lonely is bad for the mind. It can lead to mental health problems such as depression ,stress and reduced confidence. "Being lonely means not feeling connected or cared for, it's not about being physically alone," Lisa Jaremka, scientist from Ohio State University, US, told Live Science in January. But there's growing evidence that not having friends is connected with physical illness as well. In 2006, for example, scientists studied 2,800 women who had cancer. They found that those who had few friends or family were five times more likely to die of their disease than women with many social contacts. Also, even healthy people had a better chance of falling ill if they felt left out by others, according to the BBC. The results have scientists thinking that loneliness might hurt the immune system , which protects the body from diseases. Hoping to prove this theory, Jaremka and her research team put volunteers through a stress test. During the test, volunteers were asked to make an unprepared speech in front of a group of stony-faced people. The researchers found that volunteers who said they were lonely in their daily lives felt more stress during the test. And their blood samples showed that all the stress had managed to cause harmful changes to their immune system. "Loneliness has been thought of in many ways as a chronic stressor --- a socially painful situation that can last for quite a long time," explained Jaremka, who led the study. The number of people suffering from loneliness is increasing all over the world. However, solving the problem is easier said than done. It won't work to just "tell anyone to go out and find someone to love you", said Jaremka. " We need to create support networks." We can conclude from the article that _ . | [
"loneliness has become the No 1 killer in the world.",
"loneliness is increasing due to advanced technologies.",
"lonely people lack the courage to make friends",
"much more work needs to be done to fight loneliness"
] | 3D
| human_sexuality | mmlu_labeled |
Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook by yourself? Have you been doing Internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What can't you be bothered to do? A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of the adults are so idle that they'd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs. Just over 2,000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health, Britain's largest health center. The results were extremely surprising. About one in six people questioned said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up. More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them. This led the report to conclude that it's no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (very fat) before they start school. Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said, "People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently (;) their pets too." "If we don't start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most fundamental tasks." And Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most idle city in the UK, with 75% questioned admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%. The results bring serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year. How many people questioned don't play with their children? | [
"1280.",
"More than 333.",
"654.",
"About 420."
] | 3D
| nutrition | mmlu_labeled |
Why do men live a shorter life than women? The latest research indicates that men's hearts going into a rapid decline when they reach middle age could be the cause. The research of ageing on the heart has shown that women's _ may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose much pumping power with age. "We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 20 and 70 years of age," said the head of the study, Samantha of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK. "Within the heart there are millions of cells which make it beat.Between the ages of 20 and 70, one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men ," said Samantha."This is part of the ageing process." What amazes scientists is that the female heart suffers very little loss of these cells.A healthy 70-year-old woman's heart could work almost as perfectly as a 20-year-old one's. "This gender difference might give the reason why men live shorter than women,"said Samantha.They studied over 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 17 and 80, who are mainly healthy persons so as to reduce the influence of disease."The team has yet to think about why ageing suffers a greater loss on the male heart," said Samantha. But there is also good news -- men can enjoy the health of their hearts with regular exercise.Samantha stressed that women should also take regular exercise to stop their leg muscles getting weaker as they age. If you want to live a long life, you should _ . | [
"enable your heart to beat much faster",
"think about the reason for ageing",
"take regular exercise to keep your heart healthy",
"stop your cells from being lost"
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
Global Positioning Systems(GPS) are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two. We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype . He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay. BARRY BROWN: "And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'." Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. BARRY BROWN: "One problem with a lot of the GPS units is that they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place." Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called "The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS." It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given. Barry Brown says, " To make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together." What is the disadvantage of small screens in GPS equipment according to the text? | [
"They just provide the next turn.",
"They are harmful to eyes.",
"They make drivers tired easily.",
"They often break down suddenly."
] | 0A
| computer_security | mmlu_labeled |
Here are six steps to better studying. Pay attention in class Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention. Take good notes Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It's a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject. Plan ahead for tests and projects Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Break it up When there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let's say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night. Ask for help You can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your morn or dad might be able to help. Sleep tight So the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan--but suddenly you can't remember anything! Don't panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning. By saying "Sleep tight", what does the author mean? | [
"Sleep again after waking up.",
"Sleep holding your breath deep.",
"Get a good night's sleep.",
"Go to sleep early every night."
] | 2C
| college_medicine | mmlu_labeled |
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