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samim2024

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llama2-dataset-finetune-train-1100row

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How many Silver Star awards did James Frederick Moriarty receive?

James Frederick Moriarty (May 8, 1896 – January 30, 1981) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. A veteran of World War I, he distinguished himself several times as a company officer with the 6th Machine Gun Battalion and received four awards of the Silver Star.

James Frederick Moriarty received four awards of the Silver Star

closed_qa

Instruction: How many Silver Star awards did James Frederick Moriarty receive? Context: James Frederick Moriarty (May 8, 1896 – January 30, 1981) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. A veteran of World War I, he distinguished himself several times as a company officer with the 6th Machine Gun Battalion and received four awards of the Silver Star. Response: James Frederick Moriarty received four awards of the Silver Star

What part of history called a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political, and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages?

The Renaissance

open_qa

Instruction: What part of history called a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political, and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages? Context: Response: The Renaissance

Give me a summary about the company Nobo

Nobo is a manufacturing company in Norway. It started as NOrsk BOttefabrikk (the Norwegian Bucket Factory) in Lade, Trondheim in 1918 - the name Nobo is a contraction of the original title. The factory originally produced only buckets, but later made several sheet iron products as well. It now manufactures desks, electric wall heaters and filing cabinets. The company developed and a new factory was built in Stjordal. Nobo then produced electric heating accessories only, which it is still doing today. In the 1990s the original Nobø factory was closed down and the area is now a housing estate of about 220 houses and flats, called Ingemann Torps Street or Nobø-tomta (Nobø-field). The area was planned by Heimdal Utbyggingsselskap and Pir II Architects.

Nobo is a manufacturing company in Norway. It started as NOrsk BOttefabrikk (the Norwegian Bucket Factory) in Lade, Trondheim in 1918 - the name Nobo is a contraction of the original title. The factory originally produced only buckets, but later made several sheet iron products as well. It now manufactures desks, electric wall heaters and filing cabinets. The company developed and a new factory was built in Stjordal. Nobo then produced electric heating accessories only, which it is still doing today. In the 1990s the original Nobo factory was closed down and the area is now a housing estate of about 220 houses and flats, called Ingemann Torps Street or Nobo-tomta (Nobo-field). The area was planned by Heimdal Utbyggingsselskap and Pir II Architects.

summarization

Instruction: Give me a summary about the company Nobo Context: Nobo is a manufacturing company in Norway. It started as NOrsk BOttefabrikk (the Norwegian Bucket Factory) in Lade, Trondheim in 1918 - the name Nobo is a contraction of the original title. The factory originally produced only buckets, but later made several sheet iron products as well. It now manufactures desks, electric wall heaters and filing cabinets. The company developed and a new factory was built in Stjordal. Nobo then produced electric heating accessories only, which it is still doing today. In the 1990s the original Nobø factory was closed down and the area is now a housing estate of about 220 houses and flats, called Ingemann Torps Street or Nobø-tomta (Nobø-field). The area was planned by Heimdal Utbyggingsselskap and Pir II Architects. Response: Nobo is a manufacturing company in Norway. It started as NOrsk BOttefabrikk (the Norwegian Bucket Factory) in Lade, Trondheim in 1918 - the name Nobo is a contraction of the original title. The factory originally produced only buckets, but later made several sheet iron products as well. It now manufactures desks, electric wall heaters and filing cabinets. The company developed and a new factory was built in Stjordal. Nobo then produced electric heating accessories only, which it is still doing today. In the 1990s the original Nobo factory was closed down and the area is now a housing estate of about 220 houses and flats, called Ingemann Torps Street or Nobo-tomta (Nobo-field). The area was planned by Heimdal Utbyggingsselskap and Pir II Architects.

What are common ways to invest money?

Common ways to invest money include: 1. Holding money in a high yield savings account 2. Buying stocks and bonds 3. Buying commodities (e.g., gold) 4. Buying collectibles (e.g., art work, rare coins, trading cards)

open_qa

Instruction: What are common ways to invest money? Context: Response: Common ways to invest money include: 1. Holding money in a high yield savings account 2. Buying stocks and bonds 3. Buying commodities (e.g., gold) 4. Buying collectibles (e.g., art work, rare coins, trading cards)

Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Arctotherium, Eastern Lowland Gorilla

Eastern Lowland Gorilla is alive, Arctotherium is extinct.

classification

Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Arctotherium, Eastern Lowland Gorilla Context: Response: Eastern Lowland Gorilla is alive, Arctotherium is extinct.

What are the highlights of the Apollo 11 mission?

Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the Moon's surface six hours and 39 minutes later, on July 21 at 02:56 UTC. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later, and they spent about two and a quarter hours together exploring the site they had named Tranquility Base upon landing. Armstrong and Aldrin collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth as pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module Columbia in lunar orbit, and were on the Moon's surface for 21 hours, 36 minutes before lifting off to rejoin Columbia.

Apollo 11 was the culmination of a multi year space race instigated by the Cold War, leading to the United States landing the first humans on the Moon. The mission had 3 personnel, required multiple years of preparation, and consisted of 8 key phases; launch, flight, lunar orbit, lunar descent, landing, lunar surface operations, lunar ascent, return, splashdown, and Quarantine. The Apollo 11 mission remains the most famous mission ever in the NASA program. The 3 astronauts were Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin, and Neil Armstrong.

summarization

Instruction: What are the highlights of the Apollo 11 mission? Context: Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the Moon's surface six hours and 39 minutes later, on July 21 at 02:56 UTC. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later, and they spent about two and a quarter hours together exploring the site they had named Tranquility Base upon landing. Armstrong and Aldrin collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth as pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module Columbia in lunar orbit, and were on the Moon's surface for 21 hours, 36 minutes before lifting off to rejoin Columbia. Response: Apollo 11 was the culmination of a multi year space race instigated by the Cold War, leading to the United States landing the first humans on the Moon. The mission had 3 personnel, required multiple years of preparation, and consisted of 8 key phases; launch, flight, lunar orbit, lunar descent, landing, lunar surface operations, lunar ascent, return, splashdown, and Quarantine. The Apollo 11 mission remains the most famous mission ever in the NASA program. The 3 astronauts were Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin, and Neil Armstrong.

What are the three official languages in Belgium ?

Dutch, French, German

open_qa

Instruction: What are the three official languages in Belgium ? Context: Response: Dutch, French, German

Which Dickens novel is considered an autobiography

David Copperfield

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Instruction: Which Dickens novel is considered an autobiography Context: Response: David Copperfield

Name different games that can be played at a casino in Las Vegas.

Games that can be played at a casino in Las Vegas include poker, blackjack, roulette, slot machines, and craps.

open_qa

Instruction: Name different games that can be played at a casino in Las Vegas. Context: Response: Games that can be played at a casino in Las Vegas include poker, blackjack, roulette, slot machines, and craps.

Can you tell me what of these are capital cities of their respective countries? Manchester, Madrid, Paris, Milan, London and Munich

A capital city is the city where the government of the country resides. From the previous lists only Madrid, Paris and London are capital cities. Manchester, Milan and Munich are large and important cities in Europe but they are not their country's capital. Some cities like Milan might be consider their country's economic capital as they are the main economic hub of Italy but they are still not their capital city which is Rome.

classification

Instruction: Can you tell me what of these are capital cities of their respective countries? Manchester, Madrid, Paris, Milan, London and Munich Context: Response: A capital city is the city where the government of the country resides. From the previous lists only Madrid, Paris and London are capital cities. Manchester, Milan and Munich are large and important cities in Europe but they are not their country's capital. Some cities like Milan might be consider their country's economic capital as they are the main economic hub of Italy but they are still not their capital city which is Rome.

Whats the difference between a bass guitar and a regular guitar?

There are a few significant differences between a bass guitar and a regular guitar. A bass guitar typically has 4 strings (though it can have more), is larger in body & neck, and has higher string gauges (string thickness). A bass guitar is used for keeping the band on track by keeping the rhythm and hitting the root notes of the chords. A regular guitar typically has 6 strings, and can be used for a wider variety of purposes. These include keeping the rhythm with chords, playing foundational riffs, or improvisational solos for instrumental layering. The regular guitarists are almost always the more well-known of the two.

open_qa

Instruction: Whats the difference between a bass guitar and a regular guitar? Context: Response: There are a few significant differences between a bass guitar and a regular guitar. A bass guitar typically has 4 strings (though it can have more), is larger in body & neck, and has higher string gauges (string thickness). A bass guitar is used for keeping the band on track by keeping the rhythm and hitting the root notes of the chords. A regular guitar typically has 6 strings, and can be used for a wider variety of purposes. These include keeping the rhythm with chords, playing foundational riffs, or improvisational solos for instrumental layering. The regular guitarists are almost always the more well-known of the two.

What are some interesting facts about tigers?

1. Tiger stripes are unique. 2. Tigers can use their ears to communicate. 3. India has over half the world's population of tigers. 4. Only one in ten hunts are successful.

open_qa

Instruction: What are some interesting facts about tigers? Context: Response: 1. Tiger stripes are unique. 2. Tigers can use their ears to communicate. 3. India has over half the world's population of tigers. 4. Only one in ten hunts are successful.

What is the difference between American Football and Futbol?

In America, football refers to the NFL style of football. This involves heavily padded players, scripted plays and a game where the goal is to get the ball into an endzone with a mix of pass and run plays. International Futbol refers to the game that is played primarily with a players feet, passing the ball and shooting with only their feet of head. Players in Futbol are not allowed to use their hands unless they are the goalie defending the goal. The goal of Futbol is to get the ball into the opposing team's net.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the difference between American Football and Futbol? Context: Response: In America, football refers to the NFL style of football. This involves heavily padded players, scripted plays and a game where the goal is to get the ball into an endzone with a mix of pass and run plays. International Futbol refers to the game that is played primarily with a players feet, passing the ball and shooting with only their feet of head. Players in Futbol are not allowed to use their hands unless they are the goalie defending the goal. The goal of Futbol is to get the ball into the opposing team's net.

Classify the below as food or drinks. Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple, Lemonade, Coffee, Tea

Food - Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple Drinks - Lemonade, Coffee, Tea

classification

Instruction: Classify the below as food or drinks. Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple, Lemonade, Coffee, Tea Context: Response: Food - Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple Drinks - Lemonade, Coffee, Tea

Which African country was formerly known as Abyssinia?

Ethiopia

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Instruction: Which African country was formerly known as Abyssinia? Context: Response: Ethiopia

Extract from the following passage, the periods of time does sunrise refer to.

Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century. Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point: Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn. The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen. The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise. In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates. Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is exaggerated, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly. Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc.

Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point. Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn. The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract from the following passage, the periods of time does sunrise refer to. Context: Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century. Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point: Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn. The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen. The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise. In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates. Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is exaggerated, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly. Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc. Response: Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point. Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn. The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.

What state makes the best BBQ?

There is no one answer, but I believe Texas for beef and North Carolina for Pork.

creative_writing

Instruction: What state makes the best BBQ? Context: Response: There is no one answer, but I believe Texas for beef and North Carolina for Pork.

Where did Gretel attend primary school?

Gretel Beer was born in Vienna into a Jewish family. She was mostly raised by her aunt Olga Springer (Bechin, Bohemia 1879–1942 Maly Trostenets extermination camp) the widow of a physician (in 1937: 9th district, Porzellangasse 45), as her mother Regina Weidenfeld née Pisk died when Margaret was six years old and her father, Dionys (Duny) Weidenfeld, did not keep up a household. (At Porzellangasse, until 1938 Eric Pleskow and Ari Rath spent their childhood, as they told the Austrian broadcaster ORF in 2012.) After attending primary school at Marchegg, a small town east of Vienna near the border with Slovakia, she attended a federal Realschule at Vereinsgasse in Vienna's 2nd district, where many Jewish Viennese lived. In the spring of 1938, after the annexation of Austria by Germany, she and 48 other pupils were forced to leave this school and attend a Jewish class elsewhere in Vienna. At the entrance hall of her school, which is now called Bundesrealgymnasium Vereinsgasse, since 1989 the names of the expelled pupils are displayed on a memorial inscription.

Gretel Beer attended primary school in Marchegg, in east of Vienna.

closed_qa

Instruction: Where did Gretel attend primary school? Context: Gretel Beer was born in Vienna into a Jewish family. She was mostly raised by her aunt Olga Springer (Bechin, Bohemia 1879–1942 Maly Trostenets extermination camp) the widow of a physician (in 1937: 9th district, Porzellangasse 45), as her mother Regina Weidenfeld née Pisk died when Margaret was six years old and her father, Dionys (Duny) Weidenfeld, did not keep up a household. (At Porzellangasse, until 1938 Eric Pleskow and Ari Rath spent their childhood, as they told the Austrian broadcaster ORF in 2012.) After attending primary school at Marchegg, a small town east of Vienna near the border with Slovakia, she attended a federal Realschule at Vereinsgasse in Vienna's 2nd district, where many Jewish Viennese lived. In the spring of 1938, after the annexation of Austria by Germany, she and 48 other pupils were forced to leave this school and attend a Jewish class elsewhere in Vienna. At the entrance hall of her school, which is now called Bundesrealgymnasium Vereinsgasse, since 1989 the names of the expelled pupils are displayed on a memorial inscription. Response: Gretel Beer attended primary school in Marchegg, in east of Vienna.

Why were the majority of African countries controlled by military dictatorships during the 1970's and 1980's?

Faced with increasingly frequent and severe violence, military rule was widely accepted by the population of many countries as means to maintain order, and during the 1970s and 1980s a majority of African countries were controlled by military dictatorships. Territorial disputes between nations and rebellions by groups seeking independence were also common in independent African states. The most devastating of these was the Nigerian Civil War, fought between government forces and an Igbo separatist republic, which resulted in a famine that killed 1–2 million people. Two civil wars in Sudan, the first lasting from 1955 to 1972 and the second from 1983 to 2005, collectively killed around 3 million. Both were fought primarily on ethnic and religious lines.

Military dictatorships were accepted as a means to maintain order in face of increasingly frequent and severe violence.

closed_qa

Instruction: Why were the majority of African countries controlled by military dictatorships during the 1970's and 1980's? Context: Faced with increasingly frequent and severe violence, military rule was widely accepted by the population of many countries as means to maintain order, and during the 1970s and 1980s a majority of African countries were controlled by military dictatorships. Territorial disputes between nations and rebellions by groups seeking independence were also common in independent African states. The most devastating of these was the Nigerian Civil War, fought between government forces and an Igbo separatist republic, which resulted in a famine that killed 1–2 million people. Two civil wars in Sudan, the first lasting from 1955 to 1972 and the second from 1983 to 2005, collectively killed around 3 million. Both were fought primarily on ethnic and religious lines. Response: Military dictatorships were accepted as a means to maintain order in face of increasingly frequent and severe violence.

Who produced the song Polly?

The song was written by Sumney with American singer-songwriter Tom Gallo. Sumney also solely produced the track.

The song was written and produced by American singer-songwriter Moses Sumney.

closed_qa

Instruction: Who produced the song Polly? Context: The song was written by Sumney with American singer-songwriter Tom Gallo. Sumney also solely produced the track. Response: The song was written and produced by American singer-songwriter Moses Sumney.

What is the difference between racquetball and tennis?

While racquetball and tennis are similar in that they both involve using a racquet to hit a ball back and forth, there are many differences between racquetball and tennis. Racquetball is played in an enclosed room where players hit the ball back and forth against the same wall. In tennis, players also hit the ball back and forth but they hit it to each other over a net. In tennis, the ball has a fuzzy outer layer which causes the ball's trajectory to be more influenced by the spin on the ball. The rackets in tennis are larger and have higher tension. A tennis court is much larger than a racquetball court measuring 78 ft long and 36 ft wide. This width is reduced in tennis to 27 ft for a singles match. These are just a few of the differences but there are many more: scoring, attire, court markings, etc.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the difference between racquetball and tennis? Context: Response: While racquetball and tennis are similar in that they both involve using a racquet to hit a ball back and forth, there are many differences between racquetball and tennis. Racquetball is played in an enclosed room where players hit the ball back and forth against the same wall. In tennis, players also hit the ball back and forth but they hit it to each other over a net. In tennis, the ball has a fuzzy outer layer which causes the ball's trajectory to be more influenced by the spin on the ball. The rackets in tennis are larger and have higher tension. A tennis court is much larger than a racquetball court measuring 78 ft long and 36 ft wide. This width is reduced in tennis to 27 ft for a singles match. These are just a few of the differences but there are many more: scoring, attire, court markings, etc.

What is Cisco's formal company name, where is their headquarters, and how many employees are there in the company?

Cisco Systems, Inc., commonly known as Cisco, is an American-based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products. Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper. Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world ranking 74 on the Fortune 100 with over $51 billion in revenue and nearly 80,000 employees.

Cisco Systems, Inc. is located in San Jose, California and has nearly 80,000 employees.

closed_qa

Instruction: What is Cisco's formal company name, where is their headquarters, and how many employees are there in the company? Context: Cisco Systems, Inc., commonly known as Cisco, is an American-based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products. Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper. Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world ranking 74 on the Fortune 100 with over $51 billion in revenue and nearly 80,000 employees. Response: Cisco Systems, Inc. is located in San Jose, California and has nearly 80,000 employees.

Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Panduri, Zurna

Zurna is woodwind, Panduri is string.

classification

Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Panduri, Zurna Context: Response: Zurna is woodwind, Panduri is string.

What can I do with a broken stapler?

- Use the broken stapler as a paper weight - Use the broken stapler to hold staples for a new stapler - Use the broken stapler to hold a door ajar - Use the broken stapler to hold paper that needs to be filed - Use the broken stapler as a nutcracker

brainstorming

Instruction: What can I do with a broken stapler? Context: Response: - Use the broken stapler as a paper weight - Use the broken stapler to hold staples for a new stapler - Use the broken stapler to hold a door ajar - Use the broken stapler to hold paper that needs to be filed - Use the broken stapler as a nutcracker

From the provided description of the cheesemaking process, list the ingredients required to make cheese.

The goal of cheese making is to control the spoiling of milk into cheese. The milk is traditionally from a cow, goat, sheep or buffalo, although, in theory, cheese could be made from the milk of any mammal. Cow's milk is most commonly used worldwide. The cheesemaker's goal is a consistent product with specific characteristics (appearance, aroma, taste, texture). The process used to make a Camembert will be similar to, but not quite the same as, that used to make Cheddar. Some cheeses may be deliberately left to ferment from naturally airborne spores and bacteria; this approach generally leads to a less consistent product but one that is valuable in a niche market. Culturing Cheese is made by bringing milk (possibly pasteurised) in the cheese vat to a temperature required to promote the growth of the bacteria that feed on lactose and thus ferment the lactose into lactic acid. These bacteria in the milk may be wild, as is the case with unpasteurised milk, added from a culture, frozen or freeze dried concentrate of starter bacteria. Bacteria which produce only lactic acid during fermentation are homofermentative; those that also produce lactic acid and other compounds such as carbon dioxide, alcohol, aldehydes and ketones are heterofermentative. Fermentation using homofermentative bacteria is important in the production of cheeses such as Cheddar, where a clean, acid flavour is required. For cheeses such as Emmental the use of heterofermentative bacteria is necessary to produce the compounds that give characteristic fruity flavours and, importantly, the gas that results in the formation of bubbles in the cheese ('eye holes'). Starter cultures are chosen to give a cheese its specific characteristics. In the case of mould-ripened cheese such as Stilton, Roquefort or Camembert, mould spores (fungal spores) may be added to the milk in the cheese vat or can be added later to the cheese curd. Coagulation During the fermentation process, once sufficient lactic acid has been developed, rennet is added to cause the casein to precipitate. Rennet contains the enzyme chymosin which converts κ-casein to para-κ-caseinate (the main component of cheese curd, which is a salt of one fragment of the casein) and glycomacropeptide, which is lost in the cheese whey. As the curd is formed, milk fat is trapped in a casein matrix. After adding the rennet, the cheese milk is left to form curds over a period of time. Fresh chevre hanging in cheesecloth to drain. Draining Once the cheese curd is judged to be ready, the cheese whey must be released. As with many foods the presence of water and the bacteria in it encourages decomposition. To prevent such decomposition it is necessary to remove most of the water (whey) from the cheese milk, and hence cheese curd, to make a partial dehydration of the curd. There are several ways to separate the curd from the whey. Maturing cheese in a cheese cellar Scalding In making Cheddar (or many other hard cheeses) the curd is cut into small cubes and the temperature is raised to approximately 39 °C (102 °F) to 'scald' the curd particles. Syneresis occurs and cheese whey is expressed from the particles. The Cheddar curds and whey are often transferred from the cheese vat to a cooling table which contains screens that allow the whey to drain, but which trap the curd. The curd is cut using long, blunt knives and 'blocked' (stacked, cut and turned) by the cheesemaker to promote the release of cheese whey in a process known as 'cheddaring'. During this process the acidity of the curd increases to a desired level. The curd is then milled into ribbon shaped pieces and salt is mixed into it to arrest acid development. The salted green cheese curd is put into cheese moulds lined with cheesecloths and pressed overnight to allow the curd particles to bind together. The pressed blocks of cheese are then removed from the cheese moulds and are either bound with muslin-like cloth, or waxed or vacuum packed in plastic bags to be stored for maturation. Vacuum packing removes oxygen and prevents mould (fungal) growth during maturation, which depending on the wanted final product may be a desirable characteristic or not. Mould-ripening Main article: Cheese ripening In contrast to cheddaring, making cheeses like Camembert requires a more gentle treatment of the curd. It is carefully transferred to cheese hoops and the whey is allowed to drain from the curd by gravity, generally overnight. The cheese curds are then removed from the hoops to be brined by immersion in a saturated salt solution. The salt absorption stops bacteria growing, as with Cheddar. If white mould spores have not been added to the cheese milk it is applied to the cheese either by spraying the cheese with a suspension of mould spores in water or by immersing the cheese in a bath containing spores of, e.g., Penicillium candida. By taking the cheese through a series of maturation stages where temperature and relative humidity are carefully controlled, allowing the surface mould to grow and the mould-ripening of the cheese by fungi to occur. Mould-ripened cheeses ripen very quickly compared to hard cheeses (weeks against months or years). This is because the fungi used are biochemically very active when compared with starter bacteria. Some cheeses are surface-ripened by moulds, such as Camembert and Brie, some are ripened internally, such as Stilton, which is pierced with stainless steel wires, to admit air to promote mould spore germination and growth, as with Penicillium roqueforti. Surface ripening of some cheeses, such as Saint-Nectaire, may also be influenced by yeasts which contribute flavour and coat texture. Others are allowed to develop bacterial surface growths which give characteristic colours and appearances, e.g. by the growth of Brevibacterium linens which gives an orange coat to cheeses.

The main ingredient used to make cheese is milk. Cow's milk is commonly used, though goat, sheep or buffalo can also be used, as could the milk of any mammal in theory. Starter cultures are typically added to aid in the culturing stage of the process. Rennet is added to the cheese milk to promote the separation into cheese curd and whey. Ultimately, salt is added to halt the production of acid later in the process. Finally, mould spores are introduced to assist in ripening. This can be added to the cheese milk early on in the process, or just prior to maturing.

information_extraction

Instruction: From the provided description of the cheesemaking process, list the ingredients required to make cheese. Context: The goal of cheese making is to control the spoiling of milk into cheese. The milk is traditionally from a cow, goat, sheep or buffalo, although, in theory, cheese could be made from the milk of any mammal. Cow's milk is most commonly used worldwide. The cheesemaker's goal is a consistent product with specific characteristics (appearance, aroma, taste, texture). The process used to make a Camembert will be similar to, but not quite the same as, that used to make Cheddar. Some cheeses may be deliberately left to ferment from naturally airborne spores and bacteria; this approach generally leads to a less consistent product but one that is valuable in a niche market. Culturing Cheese is made by bringing milk (possibly pasteurised) in the cheese vat to a temperature required to promote the growth of the bacteria that feed on lactose and thus ferment the lactose into lactic acid. These bacteria in the milk may be wild, as is the case with unpasteurised milk, added from a culture, frozen or freeze dried concentrate of starter bacteria. Bacteria which produce only lactic acid during fermentation are homofermentative; those that also produce lactic acid and other compounds such as carbon dioxide, alcohol, aldehydes and ketones are heterofermentative. Fermentation using homofermentative bacteria is important in the production of cheeses such as Cheddar, where a clean, acid flavour is required. For cheeses such as Emmental the use of heterofermentative bacteria is necessary to produce the compounds that give characteristic fruity flavours and, importantly, the gas that results in the formation of bubbles in the cheese ('eye holes'). Starter cultures are chosen to give a cheese its specific characteristics. In the case of mould-ripened cheese such as Stilton, Roquefort or Camembert, mould spores (fungal spores) may be added to the milk in the cheese vat or can be added later to the cheese curd. Coagulation During the fermentation process, once sufficient lactic acid has been developed, rennet is added to cause the casein to precipitate. Rennet contains the enzyme chymosin which converts κ-casein to para-κ-caseinate (the main component of cheese curd, which is a salt of one fragment of the casein) and glycomacropeptide, which is lost in the cheese whey. As the curd is formed, milk fat is trapped in a casein matrix. After adding the rennet, the cheese milk is left to form curds over a period of time. Fresh chevre hanging in cheesecloth to drain. Draining Once the cheese curd is judged to be ready, the cheese whey must be released. As with many foods the presence of water and the bacteria in it encourages decomposition. To prevent such decomposition it is necessary to remove most of the water (whey) from the cheese milk, and hence cheese curd, to make a partial dehydration of the curd. There are several ways to separate the curd from the whey. Maturing cheese in a cheese cellar Scalding In making Cheddar (or many other hard cheeses) the curd is cut into small cubes and the temperature is raised to approximately 39 °C (102 °F) to 'scald' the curd particles. Syneresis occurs and cheese whey is expressed from the particles. The Cheddar curds and whey are often transferred from the cheese vat to a cooling table which contains screens that allow the whey to drain, but which trap the curd. The curd is cut using long, blunt knives and 'blocked' (stacked, cut and turned) by the cheesemaker to promote the release of cheese whey in a process known as 'cheddaring'. During this process the acidity of the curd increases to a desired level. The curd is then milled into ribbon shaped pieces and salt is mixed into it to arrest acid development. The salted green cheese curd is put into cheese moulds lined with cheesecloths and pressed overnight to allow the curd particles to bind together. The pressed blocks of cheese are then removed from the cheese moulds and are either bound with muslin-like cloth, or waxed or vacuum packed in plastic bags to be stored for maturation. Vacuum packing removes oxygen and prevents mould (fungal) growth during maturation, which depending on the wanted final product may be a desirable characteristic or not. Mould-ripening Main article: Cheese ripening In contrast to cheddaring, making cheeses like Camembert requires a more gentle treatment of the curd. It is carefully transferred to cheese hoops and the whey is allowed to drain from the curd by gravity, generally overnight. The cheese curds are then removed from the hoops to be brined by immersion in a saturated salt solution. The salt absorption stops bacteria growing, as with Cheddar. If white mould spores have not been added to the cheese milk it is applied to the cheese either by spraying the cheese with a suspension of mould spores in water or by immersing the cheese in a bath containing spores of, e.g., Penicillium candida. By taking the cheese through a series of maturation stages where temperature and relative humidity are carefully controlled, allowing the surface mould to grow and the mould-ripening of the cheese by fungi to occur. Mould-ripened cheeses ripen very quickly compared to hard cheeses (weeks against months or years). This is because the fungi used are biochemically very active when compared with starter bacteria. Some cheeses are surface-ripened by moulds, such as Camembert and Brie, some are ripened internally, such as Stilton, which is pierced with stainless steel wires, to admit air to promote mould spore germination and growth, as with Penicillium roqueforti. Surface ripening of some cheeses, such as Saint-Nectaire, may also be influenced by yeasts which contribute flavour and coat texture. Others are allowed to develop bacterial surface growths which give characteristic colours and appearances, e.g. by the growth of Brevibacterium linens which gives an orange coat to cheeses. Response: The main ingredient used to make cheese is milk. Cow's milk is commonly used, though goat, sheep or buffalo can also be used, as could the milk of any mammal in theory. Starter cultures are typically added to aid in the culturing stage of the process. Rennet is added to the cheese milk to promote the separation into cheese curd and whey. Ultimately, salt is added to halt the production of acid later in the process. Finally, mould spores are introduced to assist in ripening. This can be added to the cheese milk early on in the process, or just prior to maturing.

What does quantitative easing mean?

Quantitative Easing, or QE is a policy action taken by the central bank to increase the amount of money in circulation with the goal of stimulating economic activity. The central bank achieves this by purchasing a predetermined amount of purchasing government bonds. Money is 'created' through this process.

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Instruction: What does quantitative easing mean? Context: Response: Quantitative Easing, or QE is a policy action taken by the central bank to increase the amount of money in circulation with the goal of stimulating economic activity. The central bank achieves this by purchasing a predetermined amount of purchasing government bonds. Money is 'created' through this process.

When was Suntory established?

Suntory Holdings Limited (サントリーホールディングス株式会社, Santorī Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (commonly referred to as simply Suntory) is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company group. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Japan, and makes Japanese whisky. Its business has expanded to other fields, and the company now also makes soft drinks and operates sandwich chains. With its 2014 acquisition of Beam, Inc., it has diversified internationally and become the third largest maker of distilled beverages in the world. Suntory is headquartered in Dojimahama 2-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture. Suntory Beverage & Food Limited (サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社, Santorī shokuhin

Suntory was established in 1899

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Instruction: When was Suntory established? Context: Suntory Holdings Limited (サントリーホールディングス株式会社, Santorī Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (commonly referred to as simply Suntory) is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company group. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Japan, and makes Japanese whisky. Its business has expanded to other fields, and the company now also makes soft drinks and operates sandwich chains. With its 2014 acquisition of Beam, Inc., it has diversified internationally and become the third largest maker of distilled beverages in the world. Suntory is headquartered in Dojimahama 2-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture. Suntory Beverage & Food Limited (サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社, Santorī shokuhin Response: Suntory was established in 1899

In the United States, what type of degree is typically earned before starting graduate school?

A Bachelors degree is earned before commencing grad school

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Instruction: In the United States, what type of degree is typically earned before starting graduate school? Context: Response: A Bachelors degree is earned before commencing grad school

All planets in our solar system rotate on their axis either in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. Tell me which planets have clockwise rotation, and which have anti-clockwise rotations. The planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Mercury, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have clockwise rotations. Venus has an anti-clockwise rotation. In summary, all planets except for Venus have a clockwise rotation.

classification

Instruction: All planets in our solar system rotate on their axis either in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. Tell me which planets have clockwise rotation, and which have anti-clockwise rotations. The planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Context: Response: Mercury, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have clockwise rotations. Venus has an anti-clockwise rotation. In summary, all planets except for Venus have a clockwise rotation.

List the basis of contemporary national legal systems from the passage. Display the results in comma separated format.

The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. The science that studies law at the level of legal systems is called comparative law. Both civil (also known as Roman) and common law systems can be considered the most widespread in the world: civil law because it is the most widespread by landmass and by population overall, and common law because it is employed by the greatest number of people compared to any single civil law system.

civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law, comparative law

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Instruction: List the basis of contemporary national legal systems from the passage. Display the results in comma separated format. Context: The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law or combinations of these. However, the legal system of each country is shaped by its unique history and so incorporates individual variations. The science that studies law at the level of legal systems is called comparative law. Both civil (also known as Roman) and common law systems can be considered the most widespread in the world: civil law because it is the most widespread by landmass and by population overall, and common law because it is employed by the greatest number of people compared to any single civil law system. Response: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law, comparative law

are these seas or oceans? atlantic indian caspian red arabian pacific baltic yellow southern

seas: caspian, red, arabian, baltic, yellow, southern oceans: atlantic, indian, pacific

classification

Instruction: are these seas or oceans? atlantic indian caspian red arabian pacific baltic yellow southern Context: Response: seas: caspian, red, arabian, baltic, yellow, southern oceans: atlantic, indian, pacific

List some of the endocrinology societies and organizations within Europe and specifically talk about the United Kingdom.

Because endocrinology encompasses so many conditions and diseases, there are many organizations that provide education to patients and the public. The Hormone Foundation is the public education affiliate of The Endocrine Society and provides information on all endocrine-related conditions. Other educational organizations that focus on one or more endocrine-related conditions include the American Diabetes Association, Human Growth Foundation, American Menopause Foundation, Inc., and Thyroid Foundation of America.[citation needed] In North America the principal professional organizations of endocrinologists include The Endocrine Society, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Diabetes Association, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the American Thyroid Association. In Europe, the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) are the main organisations representing professionals in the fields of adult and paediatric endocrinology, respectively. In the United Kingdom, the Society for Endocrinology and the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes are the main professional organisations. The European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology is the largest international professional association dedicated solely to paediatric endocrinology. There are numerous similar associations around the world.

Specifically in the United Kingdom, the Society for Endocrinology and the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes are the main professional endocrinology organisations. Europe also has the following organisations: the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE).

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Instruction: List some of the endocrinology societies and organizations within Europe and specifically talk about the United Kingdom. Context: Because endocrinology encompasses so many conditions and diseases, there are many organizations that provide education to patients and the public. The Hormone Foundation is the public education affiliate of The Endocrine Society and provides information on all endocrine-related conditions. Other educational organizations that focus on one or more endocrine-related conditions include the American Diabetes Association, Human Growth Foundation, American Menopause Foundation, Inc., and Thyroid Foundation of America.[citation needed] In North America the principal professional organizations of endocrinologists include The Endocrine Society, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Diabetes Association, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the American Thyroid Association. In Europe, the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) are the main organisations representing professionals in the fields of adult and paediatric endocrinology, respectively. In the United Kingdom, the Society for Endocrinology and the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes are the main professional organisations. The European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology is the largest international professional association dedicated solely to paediatric endocrinology. There are numerous similar associations around the world. Response: Specifically in the United Kingdom, the Society for Endocrinology and the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes are the main professional endocrinology organisations. Europe also has the following organisations: the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE).

What are some tools that every homeowner should have?

There is a tool designed for almost every challenge a homeowner will face, but purchasing every tool could prove to be cost prohibitive, especially if they are highly specialized for tasks that may occur infrequently. It's best to have a general set of tools that have a wide variety of uses, including a hammer, a set of screwdrivers both flat and philips, a tape measure, a level, a stud finder, and a utility knife. A battery powered drill and impact driver can also save time, and make mounting projects easier.

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Instruction: What are some tools that every homeowner should have? Context: Response: There is a tool designed for almost every challenge a homeowner will face, but purchasing every tool could prove to be cost prohibitive, especially if they are highly specialized for tasks that may occur infrequently. It's best to have a general set of tools that have a wide variety of uses, including a hammer, a set of screwdrivers both flat and philips, a tape measure, a level, a stud finder, and a utility knife. A battery powered drill and impact driver can also save time, and make mounting projects easier.

With the rise of plastics in the environment are legos still a good toy for kids?

Legos are popular among kids. They simulate the mind and make them focus on the details. They help exercise fine motor skills and enhance the child's ability to think creatively. Legos also help facilitate group activities through collaborative thinking. They are very adaptable and available for all ages and skill levels. Said that legos do come with their fair set of challenges. To begin with the material is made of plastic which is not environment friendly. They are also very expensive and there is a lack of buy back or exchange programs. This makes legos inaccessible for several kids and increases the amount of plastic waste. In conclusion while legos are a good play medium we need to continue making them more accessible while reducing the amount of environment waste resulting from their production.

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Instruction: With the rise of plastics in the environment are legos still a good toy for kids? Context: Response: Legos are popular among kids. They simulate the mind and make them focus on the details. They help exercise fine motor skills and enhance the child's ability to think creatively. Legos also help facilitate group activities through collaborative thinking. They are very adaptable and available for all ages and skill levels. Said that legos do come with their fair set of challenges. To begin with the material is made of plastic which is not environment friendly. They are also very expensive and there is a lack of buy back or exchange programs. This makes legos inaccessible for several kids and increases the amount of plastic waste. In conclusion while legos are a good play medium we need to continue making them more accessible while reducing the amount of environment waste resulting from their production.

Why is pickleball so popular?

Pickleball combines elements of both tennis and ping pong. Tennis can take up to 2 years to learn the skills in order to play a proper tennis match while pickleball can be learned very quickly. The motor skills involved with the fast play of ping pong are necessary with pickleball however there is more exercise involved with pickleball. When you combine the easy to learn nature of pickleball with the fun exercise involved this is why pickleball is becoming the fastest growing sport in the United States.

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Instruction: Why is pickleball so popular? Context: Response: Pickleball combines elements of both tennis and ping pong. Tennis can take up to 2 years to learn the skills in order to play a proper tennis match while pickleball can be learned very quickly. The motor skills involved with the fast play of ping pong are necessary with pickleball however there is more exercise involved with pickleball. When you combine the easy to learn nature of pickleball with the fun exercise involved this is why pickleball is becoming the fastest growing sport in the United States.

Tell me whether each of these soccer teams are American or European: Leeds United, Seattle Sounders, Portland Timbers, Arsenal Gunners, Sporting KC, Bayern Munich

Leeds United: European Seattle Sounders: American Portland Timbers: American Arsenal Gunners: European Sporting KC: American Bayern Munich: European

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether each of these soccer teams are American or European: Leeds United, Seattle Sounders, Portland Timbers, Arsenal Gunners, Sporting KC, Bayern Munich Context: Response: Leeds United: European Seattle Sounders: American Portland Timbers: American Arsenal Gunners: European Sporting KC: American Bayern Munich: European

Classify each of the following as either a Girl Scout cookie, an ice cream flavor from Ben & Jerry's, or a title of an episode from the TV show "The X-Files": The Unnatural, Phish Food, Samoas, Do-Si-Dos, Tagalongs, Post Modern Prometheus, Americone Dream, The Field Where I Died, Caramel deLites, Half Baked, Cherry Garcia, Patient X, Thin Mints, Chunky Monkey, Bad Blood

Girl Scout cookies: Samoas, Do-Si-Dos, Tagalongs, Caramel deLites, Thin Mints Ben & Jerry's ice cream flavors: Phish Food, Americone Dream, Half Baked, Cherry Garcia, Chunky Monkey Episodes from The X-Files: The Unnatural, Post Modern Prometheus, The Field Where I Died, Patient X, Bad Blood

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a Girl Scout cookie, an ice cream flavor from Ben & Jerry's, or a title of an episode from the TV show "The X-Files": The Unnatural, Phish Food, Samoas, Do-Si-Dos, Tagalongs, Post Modern Prometheus, Americone Dream, The Field Where I Died, Caramel deLites, Half Baked, Cherry Garcia, Patient X, Thin Mints, Chunky Monkey, Bad Blood Context: Response: Girl Scout cookies: Samoas, Do-Si-Dos, Tagalongs, Caramel deLites, Thin Mints Ben & Jerry's ice cream flavors: Phish Food, Americone Dream, Half Baked, Cherry Garcia, Chunky Monkey Episodes from The X-Files: The Unnatural, Post Modern Prometheus, The Field Where I Died, Patient X, Bad Blood

What are the defense mechanisms?

Different theorists have different categorizations and conceptualizations of defence mechanisms. Large reviews of theories of defence mechanisms are available from Paulhus, Fridhandler and Hayes (1997) and Cramer (1991). The Journal of Personality published a special issue on defence mechanisms (1998). In the first definitive book on defence mechanisms, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), Anna Freud enumerated the ten defence mechanisms that appear in the works of her father, Sigmund Freud: repression, regression, reaction formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against one's own person, reversal into the opposite, and sublimation or displacement. Sigmund Freud posited that defence mechanisms work by distorting id impulses into acceptable forms, or by unconscious or conscious blockage of these impulses. Anna Freud considered defense mechanisms as intellectual and motor automatisms of various degrees of complexity, that arose in the process of involuntary and voluntary learning. Anna Freud introduced the concept of signal anxiety; she stated that it was "not directly a conflicted instinctual tension but a signal occurring in the ego of an anticipated instinctual tension". The signalling function of anxiety was thus seen as crucial, and biologically adapted to warn the organism of danger or a threat to its equilibrium. The anxiety is felt as an increase in bodily or mental tension, and the signal that the organism receives in this way allows for the possibility of taking defensive action regarding the perceived danger. Both Freuds studied defence mechanisms, but Anna spent more of her time and research on five main mechanisms: repression, regression, projection, reaction formation, and sublimation. All defence mechanisms are responses to anxiety and how the consciousness and unconscious manage the stress of a social situation. Repression: when a feeling is hidden and forced from the consciousness to the unconscious because it is seen as socially unacceptable Regression: falling back into an early state of mental/physical development seen as "less demanding and safer" Projection: possessing a feeling that is deemed as socially unacceptable and instead of facing it, that feeling or "unconscious urge" is seen in the actions of other people Reaction formation: acting the opposite way that the unconscious instructs a person to behave, "often exaggerated and obsessive". For example, if a wife is infatuated with a man who is not her husband, reaction formation may cause her to – rather than cheat – become obsessed with showing her husband signs of love and affection. Sublimation: seen as the most acceptable of the mechanisms, an expression of anxiety in socially acceptable ways Otto F. Kernberg (1967) developed a theory of borderline personality organization of which one consequence may be borderline personality disorder. His theory is based on ego psychological object relations theory. Borderline personality organization develops when the child cannot integrate helpful and harmful mental objects together. Kernberg views the use of primitive defence mechanisms as central to this personality organization. Primitive psychological defences are projection, denial, dissociation or splitting and they are called borderline defence mechanisms. Also, devaluation and projective identification are seen as borderline defences. In George Eman Vaillant's (1977) categorization, defences form a continuum related to their psychoanalytical developmental level.[non-primary source needed] They are classified into pathological, immature, neurotic and "mature" defences. Robert Plutchik's (1979) theory views defences as derivatives of basic emotions, which in turn relate to particular diagnostic structures. According to his theory, reaction formation relates to joy (and manic features), denial relates to acceptance (and histrionic features), repression to fear (and passivity), regression to surprise (and borderline traits), compensation to sadness (and depression), projection to disgust (and paranoia), displacement to anger (and hostility) and intellectualization to anticipation (and obsessionality). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) published by the American Psychiatric Association (1994) includes a tentative diagnostic axis for defence mechanisms. This classification is largely based on Vaillant's hierarchical view of defences, but has some modifications. Examples include: denial, fantasy, rationalization, regression, isolation, projection, and displacement.

There are multiple definitions of defense mechanism based on different theories. Generally, defense mechanisms are human responses responses to anxiety and how the consciousness and unconscious manage the stress of a social situation. Some of the most common defense mechanisms include: Repression: forcing a feeling from the consciousness to the unconscious because it is seen as socially unacceptable Regression: falling back into an early state of mental/physical development seen as less demanding and safer Projection: possessing a feeling that is deemed as socially unacceptable and instead of facing it, that feeling or "unconscious urge" is seen in the actions of other people Reaction formation: acting the opposite way that the unconscious instructs a person to behave, "often exaggerated and obsessive". For example, if a wife is infatuated with a man who is not her husband, reaction formation may cause her to – rather than cheat – become obsessed with showing her husband signs of love and affection. Sublimation: seen as the most acceptable of the mechanisms, an expression of anxiety in socially acceptable ways

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Instruction: What are the defense mechanisms? Context: Different theorists have different categorizations and conceptualizations of defence mechanisms. Large reviews of theories of defence mechanisms are available from Paulhus, Fridhandler and Hayes (1997) and Cramer (1991). The Journal of Personality published a special issue on defence mechanisms (1998). In the first definitive book on defence mechanisms, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), Anna Freud enumerated the ten defence mechanisms that appear in the works of her father, Sigmund Freud: repression, regression, reaction formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against one's own person, reversal into the opposite, and sublimation or displacement. Sigmund Freud posited that defence mechanisms work by distorting id impulses into acceptable forms, or by unconscious or conscious blockage of these impulses. Anna Freud considered defense mechanisms as intellectual and motor automatisms of various degrees of complexity, that arose in the process of involuntary and voluntary learning. Anna Freud introduced the concept of signal anxiety; she stated that it was "not directly a conflicted instinctual tension but a signal occurring in the ego of an anticipated instinctual tension". The signalling function of anxiety was thus seen as crucial, and biologically adapted to warn the organism of danger or a threat to its equilibrium. The anxiety is felt as an increase in bodily or mental tension, and the signal that the organism receives in this way allows for the possibility of taking defensive action regarding the perceived danger. Both Freuds studied defence mechanisms, but Anna spent more of her time and research on five main mechanisms: repression, regression, projection, reaction formation, and sublimation. All defence mechanisms are responses to anxiety and how the consciousness and unconscious manage the stress of a social situation. Repression: when a feeling is hidden and forced from the consciousness to the unconscious because it is seen as socially unacceptable Regression: falling back into an early state of mental/physical development seen as "less demanding and safer" Projection: possessing a feeling that is deemed as socially unacceptable and instead of facing it, that feeling or "unconscious urge" is seen in the actions of other people Reaction formation: acting the opposite way that the unconscious instructs a person to behave, "often exaggerated and obsessive". For example, if a wife is infatuated with a man who is not her husband, reaction formation may cause her to – rather than cheat – become obsessed with showing her husband signs of love and affection. Sublimation: seen as the most acceptable of the mechanisms, an expression of anxiety in socially acceptable ways Otto F. Kernberg (1967) developed a theory of borderline personality organization of which one consequence may be borderline personality disorder. His theory is based on ego psychological object relations theory. Borderline personality organization develops when the child cannot integrate helpful and harmful mental objects together. Kernberg views the use of primitive defence mechanisms as central to this personality organization. Primitive psychological defences are projection, denial, dissociation or splitting and they are called borderline defence mechanisms. Also, devaluation and projective identification are seen as borderline defences. In George Eman Vaillant's (1977) categorization, defences form a continuum related to their psychoanalytical developmental level.[non-primary source needed] They are classified into pathological, immature, neurotic and "mature" defences. Robert Plutchik's (1979) theory views defences as derivatives of basic emotions, which in turn relate to particular diagnostic structures. According to his theory, reaction formation relates to joy (and manic features), denial relates to acceptance (and histrionic features), repression to fear (and passivity), regression to surprise (and borderline traits), compensation to sadness (and depression), projection to disgust (and paranoia), displacement to anger (and hostility) and intellectualization to anticipation (and obsessionality). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) published by the American Psychiatric Association (1994) includes a tentative diagnostic axis for defence mechanisms. This classification is largely based on Vaillant's hierarchical view of defences, but has some modifications. Examples include: denial, fantasy, rationalization, regression, isolation, projection, and displacement. Response: There are multiple definitions of defense mechanism based on different theories. Generally, defense mechanisms are human responses responses to anxiety and how the consciousness and unconscious manage the stress of a social situation. Some of the most common defense mechanisms include: Repression: forcing a feeling from the consciousness to the unconscious because it is seen as socially unacceptable Regression: falling back into an early state of mental/physical development seen as less demanding and safer Projection: possessing a feeling that is deemed as socially unacceptable and instead of facing it, that feeling or "unconscious urge" is seen in the actions of other people Reaction formation: acting the opposite way that the unconscious instructs a person to behave, "often exaggerated and obsessive". For example, if a wife is infatuated with a man who is not her husband, reaction formation may cause her to – rather than cheat – become obsessed with showing her husband signs of love and affection. Sublimation: seen as the most acceptable of the mechanisms, an expression of anxiety in socially acceptable ways

What is a medallion architecture in data engineering?

A medallion architecture is a data engineering concept. The idea is that system source data or system of record data is landed in a bronze layer. In the bronze layer data is not changed, and it should match the source system exactly even if there are data quality issues. Next in the silver layer the raw daw from bronze is transformed and joined together with data quality applied and landed in silver. Next in the gold layer are produced datasets which are silver datasets joined together and enriched with other data like machine learning model output. These gold datasets are then what are used and served up by the business in dashboards and reporting.

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Instruction: What is a medallion architecture in data engineering? Context: Response: A medallion architecture is a data engineering concept. The idea is that system source data or system of record data is landed in a bronze layer. In the bronze layer data is not changed, and it should match the source system exactly even if there are data quality issues. Next in the silver layer the raw daw from bronze is transformed and joined together with data quality applied and landed in silver. Next in the gold layer are produced datasets which are silver datasets joined together and enriched with other data like machine learning model output. These gold datasets are then what are used and served up by the business in dashboards and reporting.

What are some quick vegan meals to make?

Peanut butter and jelly sandwich, rice and beans, smashed chickpea avocado sandwich, hummus wrap with veggies, pasta salad, spaghetti, burrito bowl, salad, curry, roasted veggies and tofu

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some quick vegan meals to make? Context: Response: Peanut butter and jelly sandwich, rice and beans, smashed chickpea avocado sandwich, hummus wrap with veggies, pasta salad, spaghetti, burrito bowl, salad, curry, roasted veggies and tofu

What are the differences between the New York Giants and New York Jets?

The New York Giants and New York Jets are both professional football teams in the NFL who play in the New York Metropolitan area. Both teams play in MetLife stadium which used to be called Giants stadium in East Rutherford, NJ. Their fan bases live in New Jersey and New York primarily. The Jets primary color is Green, while the Giants are blue.

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Instruction: What are the differences between the New York Giants and New York Jets? Context: Response: The New York Giants and New York Jets are both professional football teams in the NFL who play in the New York Metropolitan area. Both teams play in MetLife stadium which used to be called Giants stadium in East Rutherford, NJ. Their fan bases live in New Jersey and New York primarily. The Jets primary color is Green, while the Giants are blue.

Name some famous poets and their poems.

Edgar Allen Poe Birthplace: Boston Famous poem: ”The Raven” Famous quote: ”I have great faith in fools — self-confidence my friends call it.” William Shakespeare Birthplace: Stratford-upon-Avon, England Famous poem: ”Sonnet XVIII” (Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?) Famous quote: ”All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts. His acts being seven ages.” Maya Angelou Birthplace: St. Louis Famous poem: ”On the Pulse of Morning” Famous quote: ”I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” Emily Dickinson Birthplace: Amherst, Massachusetts Famous poem: “‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers” Famous quote: “Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul — and sings the tunes without the words — and never stops at all.” Shel Silverstein Birthplace: Chicago Famous poem: “Where the Sidewalk Ends” Famous quote: ”What I do is good. I wouldn’t let it out if I didn’t think it was.” Robert Frost Birthplace: San Francisco Famous poem: “The Road Not Taken” Famous quote: “The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, and miles to go before I sleep.” Pablo Neruda Birthplace: Parral, Chile Famous poem: “I Do Not Love You Except Because I Love You” Famous quote: “To feel the love of people whom we love is a fire that feeds our life.” E. E. Cummings Birthplace: Cambridge, Massachusetts Famous poem: “i carry your heart with me” Famous quote: “It takes courage to grow up and become who you really are.” Langston Hughes Birthplace: Joplin, Missouri Famous poem: “I Too Sing America” Famous quote: “Hold fast to dreams for if dreams die, life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly.” Walt Whitman Birthplace: Long Island, New York Famous poem: “I Hear America Singing” Famous quote: “Either define the moment or the moment will define you.” Thomas Hardy Birthplace: Dorset, England Famous poem: “Hap” Famous quote: “The main object of religion is not to get a man into heaven, but to get heaven into him.” Rudyard Kipling Birthplace: Bombay Presidency, British India Famous poem: “Gunga Din” Famous quote: “We have forty million reasons for failure, but not a single excuse.” Oscar Wilde Birthplace: Dublin, Ireland Famous poem: “A Vision” Famous quote: “I have the simplest tastes. I am always satisfied with the best.” John Keats Birthplace: London Famous poem: “A Thing of Beauty (Endymion)” Famous quote: “A thing of beauty is a joy forever; its loveliness increases; it will never pass into nothingness.” Elizabeth Barrett Browning Birthplace: Durham, England Famous poem: “How Do I Love Thee?” Famous quote: “If you desire faith, then you have faith enough.” William Blake Birthplace: London Famous poem: “The Tyger” Famous quote: “The glory of Christianity is to conquer by forgiveness.” Sylvia Plath Birthplace: Boston Famous poem: “Daddy” Famous quote: “Everything in life is writable about if you have the outgoing guts to do it and the imagination to improvise.” Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Birthplace: Portland, Maine Famous poem: “The Song of Hiawatha” Famous quote: “Give what you have. To someone, it may be better than you dare to think.” William Wordsworth Birthplace: Cumberland, England Famous poem: “The Prelude” Famous quote: “Fill your paper with the breathings of your heart.” Mark Twain Birthplace: Florida, Missouri Famous poem: “Ode to Stephen Dowling Bots, Dec’d.” Famous quote: “Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.” Ralph Waldo Emerson Birthplace: Boston Famous poem: “Uriel” Famous quote: “A hero is no braver than an ordinary man, but he is braver five minutes longer.” John Donne Birthplace: London Famous poem: “No Man Is An Island” Famous quote: “Any man’s death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankind; And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.” W.B. Yeats Birthplace: County Dublin, Ireland Famous poem: “The Second Coming” Famous quote: “Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.” Lord Byron Birthplace: London Famous poem: “She Walks in Beauty” Famous quote: “There is no instinct like that of the heart.” Lewis Carroll Birthplace: Cheshire, England Famous poem: “Jabberwocky” Famous quote: “It is one of the great secrets of life that those things which are most worth doing, we do for others.” Alfred, Lord Tennyson Birthplace: Lincolnshire, England Famous poem: “The Charge of the Light Brigade” Famous quote: “‘Tis better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all.” Dante Alighieri Birthplace: Florence, Italy Famous poem: “Divine Comedy” Famous quote: “Consider your origin; you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge.” T.S. Eliot Birthplace: St. Louis Famous poem: “The Waste Land” Famous quote: “Friendship should be more than biting time can sever.” Ezra Pound Birthplace: Hailey, Idaho Famous poem: “Hugh Selwyn Mauberley” Famous quote: “With one day’s reading a man may have the key in his hands.” John Milton Birthplace: London Famous poem: “Paradise Lost” Famous quote: “A good book is the precious lifeblood of a master spirit.” Sappho Birthplace: Lesbos, Greece Famous poem: “Sappho 31” Famous quote: “What is beautiful is good, and who is good will soon be beautiful.” Homer Birthplace: Smyrna (present-day Greece) Famous poem: “The Iliad” Famous quote: “Evil deeds do not prosper; the slow man catches up with the swift.” Li Bai Birthplace: Tang Empire (present-day Kyrgyzstan) Famous poem: “Quiet Night Thought” Famous quote: “We sit together, the mountain and me, until only the mountain remains.” Jalal al-Din Rumi Birthplace: Khorasan (present-day Afghanistan) Famous poem: “Masnavi-ye Ma’navi (Spiritual Verses)” Famous quote: “Raise your words, not voice. It is rain that grows flowers, not thunder.”

open_qa

Instruction: Name some famous poets and their poems. Context: Response: Edgar Allen Poe Birthplace: Boston Famous poem: ”The Raven” Famous quote: ”I have great faith in fools — self-confidence my friends call it.” William Shakespeare Birthplace: Stratford-upon-Avon, England Famous poem: ”Sonnet XVIII” (Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?) Famous quote: ”All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts. His acts being seven ages.” Maya Angelou Birthplace: St. Louis Famous poem: ”On the Pulse of Morning” Famous quote: ”I’ve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” Emily Dickinson Birthplace: Amherst, Massachusetts Famous poem: “‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers” Famous quote: “Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul — and sings the tunes without the words — and never stops at all.” Shel Silverstein Birthplace: Chicago Famous poem: “Where the Sidewalk Ends” Famous quote: ”What I do is good. I wouldn’t let it out if I didn’t think it was.” Robert Frost Birthplace: San Francisco Famous poem: “The Road Not Taken” Famous quote: “The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, and miles to go before I sleep.” Pablo Neruda Birthplace: Parral, Chile Famous poem: “I Do Not Love You Except Because I Love You” Famous quote: “To feel the love of people whom we love is a fire that feeds our life.” E. E. Cummings Birthplace: Cambridge, Massachusetts Famous poem: “i carry your heart with me” Famous quote: “It takes courage to grow up and become who you really are.” Langston Hughes Birthplace: Joplin, Missouri Famous poem: “I Too Sing America” Famous quote: “Hold fast to dreams for if dreams die, life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly.” Walt Whitman Birthplace: Long Island, New York Famous poem: “I Hear America Singing” Famous quote: “Either define the moment or the moment will define you.” Thomas Hardy Birthplace: Dorset, England Famous poem: “Hap” Famous quote: “The main object of religion is not to get a man into heaven, but to get heaven into him.” Rudyard Kipling Birthplace: Bombay Presidency, British India Famous poem: “Gunga Din” Famous quote: “We have forty million reasons for failure, but not a single excuse.” Oscar Wilde Birthplace: Dublin, Ireland Famous poem: “A Vision” Famous quote: “I have the simplest tastes. I am always satisfied with the best.” John Keats Birthplace: London Famous poem: “A Thing of Beauty (Endymion)” Famous quote: “A thing of beauty is a joy forever; its loveliness increases; it will never pass into nothingness.” Elizabeth Barrett Browning Birthplace: Durham, England Famous poem: “How Do I Love Thee?” Famous quote: “If you desire faith, then you have faith enough.” William Blake Birthplace: London Famous poem: “The Tyger” Famous quote: “The glory of Christianity is to conquer by forgiveness.” Sylvia Plath Birthplace: Boston Famous poem: “Daddy” Famous quote: “Everything in life is writable about if you have the outgoing guts to do it and the imagination to improvise.” Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Birthplace: Portland, Maine Famous poem: “The Song of Hiawatha” Famous quote: “Give what you have. To someone, it may be better than you dare to think.” William Wordsworth Birthplace: Cumberland, England Famous poem: “The Prelude” Famous quote: “Fill your paper with the breathings of your heart.” Mark Twain Birthplace: Florida, Missouri Famous poem: “Ode to Stephen Dowling Bots, Dec’d.” Famous quote: “Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.” Ralph Waldo Emerson Birthplace: Boston Famous poem: “Uriel” Famous quote: “A hero is no braver than an ordinary man, but he is braver five minutes longer.” John Donne Birthplace: London Famous poem: “No Man Is An Island” Famous quote: “Any man’s death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankind; And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.” W.B. Yeats Birthplace: County Dublin, Ireland Famous poem: “The Second Coming” Famous quote: “Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.” Lord Byron Birthplace: London Famous poem: “She Walks in Beauty” Famous quote: “There is no instinct like that of the heart.” Lewis Carroll Birthplace: Cheshire, England Famous poem: “Jabberwocky” Famous quote: “It is one of the great secrets of life that those things which are most worth doing, we do for others.” Alfred, Lord Tennyson Birthplace: Lincolnshire, England Famous poem: “The Charge of the Light Brigade” Famous quote: “‘Tis better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all.” Dante Alighieri Birthplace: Florence, Italy Famous poem: “Divine Comedy” Famous quote: “Consider your origin; you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge.” T.S. Eliot Birthplace: St. Louis Famous poem: “The Waste Land” Famous quote: “Friendship should be more than biting time can sever.” Ezra Pound Birthplace: Hailey, Idaho Famous poem: “Hugh Selwyn Mauberley” Famous quote: “With one day’s reading a man may have the key in his hands.” John Milton Birthplace: London Famous poem: “Paradise Lost” Famous quote: “A good book is the precious lifeblood of a master spirit.” Sappho Birthplace: Lesbos, Greece Famous poem: “Sappho 31” Famous quote: “What is beautiful is good, and who is good will soon be beautiful.” Homer Birthplace: Smyrna (present-day Greece) Famous poem: “The Iliad” Famous quote: “Evil deeds do not prosper; the slow man catches up with the swift.” Li Bai Birthplace: Tang Empire (present-day Kyrgyzstan) Famous poem: “Quiet Night Thought” Famous quote: “We sit together, the mountain and me, until only the mountain remains.” Jalal al-Din Rumi Birthplace: Khorasan (present-day Afghanistan) Famous poem: “Masnavi-ye Ma’navi (Spiritual Verses)” Famous quote: “Raise your words, not voice. It is rain that grows flowers, not thunder.”

What is DNA sequence assembly?

In bioinformatics, sequence assembly refers to aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence. This is needed as DNA sequencing technology might not be able to 'read' whole genomes in one go, but rather reads small pieces of between 20 and 30,000 bases, depending on the technology used. Typically, the short fragments (reads) result from shotgun sequencing genomic DNA, or gene transcript (ESTs). The problem of sequence assembly can be compared to taking many copies of a book, passing each of them through a shredder with a different cutter, and piecing the text of the book back together just by looking at the shredded pieces. Besides the obvious difficulty of this task, there are some extra practical issues: the original may have many repeated paragraphs, and some shreds may be modified during shredding to have typos. Excerpts from another book may also be added in, and some shreds may be completely unrecognizable.

open_qa

Instruction: What is DNA sequence assembly? Context: Response: In bioinformatics, sequence assembly refers to aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence. This is needed as DNA sequencing technology might not be able to 'read' whole genomes in one go, but rather reads small pieces of between 20 and 30,000 bases, depending on the technology used. Typically, the short fragments (reads) result from shotgun sequencing genomic DNA, or gene transcript (ESTs). The problem of sequence assembly can be compared to taking many copies of a book, passing each of them through a shredder with a different cutter, and piecing the text of the book back together just by looking at the shredded pieces. Besides the obvious difficulty of this task, there are some extra practical issues: the original may have many repeated paragraphs, and some shreds may be modified during shredding to have typos. Excerpts from another book may also be added in, and some shreds may be completely unrecognizable.

What was the world’s first high level programming language 1957

IBM FORTRAN

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Instruction: What was the world’s first high level programming language 1957 Context: Response: IBM FORTRAN

Which languages are spoken in Morocco

Morocco's official languages are Arabic and Berber. The country's distinctive group of Moroccan Arabic dialects is referred to as Darija. Approximately 89.8% of the whole population can communicate to some degree in Moroccan Arabic. The Berber language is spoken in three dialects (Tarifit, Tashelhit and Central Atlas Tamazight). In 2008, Frédéric Deroche estimated that there were 12 million Berber speakers, making up about 40% of the population. The 2004 population census reported that 28.1% of the population spoke Berber. French is widely used in governmental institutions, media, mid-size and large companies, international commerce with French-speaking countries, and often in international diplomacy. French is taught as an obligatory language in all schools. In 2010, there were 10,366,000 French-speakers in Morocco, or about 32% of the population.

Morocco's official languages are Arabic and Berber. French is widely used in governmental institutions and media. English and Spanish are also used a lot in Morocco.

summarization

Instruction: Which languages are spoken in Morocco Context: Morocco's official languages are Arabic and Berber. The country's distinctive group of Moroccan Arabic dialects is referred to as Darija. Approximately 89.8% of the whole population can communicate to some degree in Moroccan Arabic. The Berber language is spoken in three dialects (Tarifit, Tashelhit and Central Atlas Tamazight). In 2008, Frédéric Deroche estimated that there were 12 million Berber speakers, making up about 40% of the population. The 2004 population census reported that 28.1% of the population spoke Berber. French is widely used in governmental institutions, media, mid-size and large companies, international commerce with French-speaking countries, and often in international diplomacy. French is taught as an obligatory language in all schools. In 2010, there were 10,366,000 French-speakers in Morocco, or about 32% of the population. Response: Morocco's official languages are Arabic and Berber. French is widely used in governmental institutions and media. English and Spanish are also used a lot in Morocco.

Which is the oldest civilization in the world?

The Mesopotamia civilization

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Instruction: Which is the oldest civilization in the world? Context: Response: The Mesopotamia civilization

How many colors are there in a rainbow.

Seven

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Instruction: How many colors are there in a rainbow. Context: Response: Seven

Why does Nadal play tennis left-handed?

At age 8, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player. This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and it was at that time that his uncle encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, after studying Nadal's then two-handed forehand stroke.

When he was younger, Rafa Nadal used to play with a double handed forehand. His uncle then recommended that he switch to a left-handed stroke in order to have a natural advantage on court.

summarization

Instruction: Why does Nadal play tennis left-handed? Context: At age 8, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player. This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and it was at that time that his uncle encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, after studying Nadal's then two-handed forehand stroke. Response: When he was younger, Rafa Nadal used to play with a double handed forehand. His uncle then recommended that he switch to a left-handed stroke in order to have a natural advantage on court.

What does #956 mean?

#956 refers to the Rio Grande Valley, an area in South Texas.The number 956 is the area code. It includes the city of McAllen, Pharr, Brownsville, and the popular beach destination: South Padre Island, just to name a few. People also say "Puro 956" to express pride for the area. The area shares the border with Mexico which explains why the majority of the population has Mexican heritage and the #1 language is Spanish. The 956 area is known for its rich culture and delicious Mexican food.

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Instruction: What does #956 mean? Context: Response: #956 refers to the Rio Grande Valley, an area in South Texas.The number 956 is the area code. It includes the city of McAllen, Pharr, Brownsville, and the popular beach destination: South Padre Island, just to name a few. People also say "Puro 956" to express pride for the area. The area shares the border with Mexico which explains why the majority of the population has Mexican heritage and the #1 language is Spanish. The 956 area is known for its rich culture and delicious Mexican food.

What is the universe made of?

Astronomers don’t seem to know what 95% of the universe is made of. Atoms and physical matter, which form everything we see around us, only account for a measly 5%. Over the past 80 years it has become clear that the substantial remainder is comprised of two shadowy entities – dark matter and dark energy. The former, first discovered in 1933, acts as an invisible glue, binding galaxies and galaxy clusters together. Dark energy, Unveiled in 1998, is responsible for the universe’s accelerated expansion.

general_qa

Instruction: What is the universe made of? Context: Response: Astronomers don’t seem to know what 95% of the universe is made of. Atoms and physical matter, which form everything we see around us, only account for a measly 5%. Over the past 80 years it has become clear that the substantial remainder is comprised of two shadowy entities – dark matter and dark energy. The former, first discovered in 1933, acts as an invisible glue, binding galaxies and galaxy clusters together. Dark energy, Unveiled in 1998, is responsible for the universe’s accelerated expansion.

Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Maiasaura, Sea Lions

Sea Lions are alive, Maiasaura is extinct.

classification

Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Maiasaura, Sea Lions Context: Response: Sea Lions are alive, Maiasaura is extinct.

Who are the best chess players of all time?

It's difficult to determine who the best chess players of all time are as there are a variety of factors to consider when determining chess strength. For example, you might consider things like chess rating, number of tournament wins, time spent as world chess champion, etc. It's especially difficult to compare players of different eras, as more modern chess players will have learned from past Grandmasters and have more advanced technology available to facilitate their understanding of the game. Three chess players commonly discussed as possibly being the best of all time include: Bobby Fischer, Gary Kasparov, and Magnus Carlsen. Bobby Fischer is well-known for winning the "Game of the Century" at the age of 13 and, as an adult, won 20 consecutive games against some of the best chess players in the world. Gary Kasparov was the number one rated chess player for over 20 years and was World Chess Champion for 15 consecutive years. Magnus Carlsen achieved the highest chess rating ever in 2014 with a rating of 2882 and has been the number one rated chess player since 2011.

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Instruction: Who are the best chess players of all time? Context: Response: It's difficult to determine who the best chess players of all time are as there are a variety of factors to consider when determining chess strength. For example, you might consider things like chess rating, number of tournament wins, time spent as world chess champion, etc. It's especially difficult to compare players of different eras, as more modern chess players will have learned from past Grandmasters and have more advanced technology available to facilitate their understanding of the game. Three chess players commonly discussed as possibly being the best of all time include: Bobby Fischer, Gary Kasparov, and Magnus Carlsen. Bobby Fischer is well-known for winning the "Game of the Century" at the age of 13 and, as an adult, won 20 consecutive games against some of the best chess players in the world. Gary Kasparov was the number one rated chess player for over 20 years and was World Chess Champion for 15 consecutive years. Magnus Carlsen achieved the highest chess rating ever in 2014 with a rating of 2882 and has been the number one rated chess player since 2011.

What was the first full-length animated movie that Disney released?

"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" was the first full-length animated Disney movie, released in 1937.

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Instruction: What was the first full-length animated movie that Disney released? Context: Response: "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" was the first full-length animated Disney movie, released in 1937.

What are some recommendations for US national parks to visit?

1. Yosemite National Park 2. Yellowstone National Park 3. Zion National Park 4. Bryce Canyon National Park 5. Glacier National Park

brainstorming

Instruction: What are some recommendations for US national parks to visit? Context: Response: 1. Yosemite National Park 2. Yellowstone National Park 3. Zion National Park 4. Bryce Canyon National Park 5. Glacier National Park

What color of light does the Haugsholmen Lighthouse emit?

Haugsholmen Lighthouse (Norwegian: Haugsholmen fyr) is a coastal lighthouse located in the municipality of Sande in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located on the tiny island of Vestre Frekøy, in the mouth of the Vanylvsfjorden, about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest of the island of Kvamsøya. It was established in 1876 and automated in 1979. The 10-metre (33 ft) tall tower sits at an elevation of 19.7 metres (65 ft) above sea level. The light emits white, red or green light, depending on direction, occulting twice every 10 seconds. The red cylindrical tower with lantern and gallery is attached to one corner of a 2+1⁄2-story white keeper's house.

The light emits white, red or green light, depending on direction, occulting twice every 10 seconds.

summarization

Instruction: What color of light does the Haugsholmen Lighthouse emit? Context: Haugsholmen Lighthouse (Norwegian: Haugsholmen fyr) is a coastal lighthouse located in the municipality of Sande in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located on the tiny island of Vestre Frekøy, in the mouth of the Vanylvsfjorden, about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) southwest of the island of Kvamsøya. It was established in 1876 and automated in 1979. The 10-metre (33 ft) tall tower sits at an elevation of 19.7 metres (65 ft) above sea level. The light emits white, red or green light, depending on direction, occulting twice every 10 seconds. The red cylindrical tower with lantern and gallery is attached to one corner of a 2+1⁄2-story white keeper's house. Response: The light emits white, red or green light, depending on direction, occulting twice every 10 seconds.

Why do eucalyptus trees have such an excellent aroma? Is there any other uses for Eucalyptus?

Some Eucalyptus species have attracted attention from horticulturists, global development researchers, and environmentalists because of desirable traits such as being fast-growing sources of wood, producing oil that can be used for cleaning and as a natural insecticide, or an ability to be used to drain swamps and thereby reduce the risk of malaria. Eucalyptus oil finds many uses like in fuels, fragrances, insect repellence and antimicrobial activity. Eucalyptus trees show allelopathic effects; they release compounds which inhibit other plant species from growing nearby. Outside their natural ranges, eucalypts are both lauded for their beneficial economic impact on poor populations: 22  and criticised for being "water-guzzling" aliens, leading to controversy over their total impact.

The oil from Eucalyptus trees provides several benefits with the most prevalent being the pleasant aroma. As a tree that grows fast and has been used strategically to reduce the risk of malaria by draining swamps a little Eucalyptus goes a long way. The oil produced by these trees are also useful in an antimicrobial activity and in some cases has been known to make the trees more flammable. Outside of their native Australia they have been viewed as an invasive species.

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Instruction: Why do eucalyptus trees have such an excellent aroma? Is there any other uses for Eucalyptus? Context: Some Eucalyptus species have attracted attention from horticulturists, global development researchers, and environmentalists because of desirable traits such as being fast-growing sources of wood, producing oil that can be used for cleaning and as a natural insecticide, or an ability to be used to drain swamps and thereby reduce the risk of malaria. Eucalyptus oil finds many uses like in fuels, fragrances, insect repellence and antimicrobial activity. Eucalyptus trees show allelopathic effects; they release compounds which inhibit other plant species from growing nearby. Outside their natural ranges, eucalypts are both lauded for their beneficial economic impact on poor populations: 22  and criticised for being "water-guzzling" aliens, leading to controversy over their total impact. Response: The oil from Eucalyptus trees provides several benefits with the most prevalent being the pleasant aroma. As a tree that grows fast and has been used strategically to reduce the risk of malaria by draining swamps a little Eucalyptus goes a long way. The oil produced by these trees are also useful in an antimicrobial activity and in some cases has been known to make the trees more flammable. Outside of their native Australia they have been viewed as an invasive species.

Where does Delta Lake store the data?

When writing data, you can specify the location in your cloud storage. Delta Lake stores the data in that location in Parquet format.

general_qa

Instruction: Where does Delta Lake store the data? Context: Response: When writing data, you can specify the location in your cloud storage. Delta Lake stores the data in that location in Parquet format.

Give me a quick brief of the Prince of Norway

Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈhôːkʊn]; Haakon Magnus; born 20 July 1973) is the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. He is the only son of King Harald V and Queen Sonja. Haakon represents the fourth generation of the sitting Norwegian royal family of the House of Glücksburg. He married Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby, with whom he has two children, Princess Ingrid Alexandra and Prince Sverre Magnus. Haakon has been a member of the Young Global Leaders network, its Foundation, a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations, and a philanthropist. He is a trained naval officer and, as crown prince, a top military official in the Norwegian Armed Forces. He holds a BA in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MSc in Development Studies from the London School of Economics.

Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway was born on July 20 1973 and is the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. He is the only son of King Harald V and Queen Sonja. Haakon represents the fourth generation of the sitting Norwegian royal family of the House of Glucksburg. He married Mette-Marit Tjessem Hoiby, with whom he has two children, Princess Ingrid Alexandra and Prince Sverre Magnus. Haakon has been a member of the Young Global Leaders network, its Foundation, a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations, and a philanthropist. He is a trained naval officer and, as crown prince, a top military official in the Norwegian Armed Forces. He holds a BA in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MSc in Development Studies from the London School of Economics.

summarization

Instruction: Give me a quick brief of the Prince of Norway Context: Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈhôːkʊn]; Haakon Magnus; born 20 July 1973) is the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. He is the only son of King Harald V and Queen Sonja. Haakon represents the fourth generation of the sitting Norwegian royal family of the House of Glücksburg. He married Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby, with whom he has two children, Princess Ingrid Alexandra and Prince Sverre Magnus. Haakon has been a member of the Young Global Leaders network, its Foundation, a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations, and a philanthropist. He is a trained naval officer and, as crown prince, a top military official in the Norwegian Armed Forces. He holds a BA in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MSc in Development Studies from the London School of Economics. Response: Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway was born on July 20 1973 and is the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. He is the only son of King Harald V and Queen Sonja. Haakon represents the fourth generation of the sitting Norwegian royal family of the House of Glucksburg. He married Mette-Marit Tjessem Hoiby, with whom he has two children, Princess Ingrid Alexandra and Prince Sverre Magnus. Haakon has been a member of the Young Global Leaders network, its Foundation, a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations, and a philanthropist. He is a trained naval officer and, as crown prince, a top military official in the Norwegian Armed Forces. He holds a BA in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MSc in Development Studies from the London School of Economics.

Write a paragraph about the word "woman".

The word "woman" is a gender construct to be contrasted with the word "man". This word has come under recent scrutiny due to the increasing significance of the LGBTQIA+ community and their aims to be seen, expressed, or acknowledged within their communities. Traditionally, the word referred to an "adult human female". This definition has come under scrutiny for being unreasonably restrictive. Another common definition is "a woman is a person who feels like a woman". This definition has come under scrutiny for being circular.

creative_writing

Instruction: Write a paragraph about the word "woman". Context: Response: The word "woman" is a gender construct to be contrasted with the word "man". This word has come under recent scrutiny due to the increasing significance of the LGBTQIA+ community and their aims to be seen, expressed, or acknowledged within their communities. Traditionally, the word referred to an "adult human female". This definition has come under scrutiny for being unreasonably restrictive. Another common definition is "a woman is a person who feels like a woman". This definition has come under scrutiny for being circular.

What is EFTPOS?

Electronic funds transfer at point of sale, or EFTPOS, is an electronic payment system involving electronic funds transfers based on the use of payment cards, such as debit or credit cards, at payment terminals located at points of sale. EFTPOS technology was developed during the 1980s. In Australia and New Zealand, it is also the brand name of a specific system used for such payments; these systems are mainly country-specific and do not interconnect. In Singapore, it is known as NETS. Debit and credit cards are embossed plastic cards complying with ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1 standard. The cards have an embossed bank card number conforming with the ISO/IEC 7812 numbering standard.

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Instruction: What is EFTPOS? Context: Response: Electronic funds transfer at point of sale, or EFTPOS, is an electronic payment system involving electronic funds transfers based on the use of payment cards, such as debit or credit cards, at payment terminals located at points of sale. EFTPOS technology was developed during the 1980s. In Australia and New Zealand, it is also the brand name of a specific system used for such payments; these systems are mainly country-specific and do not interconnect. In Singapore, it is known as NETS. Debit and credit cards are embossed plastic cards complying with ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1 standard. The cards have an embossed bank card number conforming with the ISO/IEC 7812 numbering standard.

What is kindergarten?

Kindergarten is the first year of public school education, for children who are 5 or 6 years old. The curriculum helps children learn their colors, shapes, numbers, letters, and letter sounds with the goal of helping children to read independently by the end of the school year.

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Instruction: What is kindergarten? Context: Response: Kindergarten is the first year of public school education, for children who are 5 or 6 years old. The curriculum helps children learn their colors, shapes, numbers, letters, and letter sounds with the goal of helping children to read independently by the end of the school year.

What awards did Bill Murray receive for Lost in Translation?

Murray's performance in Sofia Coppola's Lost in Translation (2003) earned him a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. He has frequently collaborated with directors Ivan Reitman, Harold Ramis, Wes Anderson, Sofia Coppola, Jim Jarmusch, John McNaughton and the Farrelly brothers. He received Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Ghostbusters, Rushmore (1998), Hyde Park on Hudson (2012), St. Vincent (2014), On the Rocks (2020) and the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), for which he later won his second Primetime Emmy Award.

Bill Murray earned a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor for his role in Lost in Translation.

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Instruction: What awards did Bill Murray receive for Lost in Translation? Context: Murray's performance in Sofia Coppola's Lost in Translation (2003) earned him a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. He has frequently collaborated with directors Ivan Reitman, Harold Ramis, Wes Anderson, Sofia Coppola, Jim Jarmusch, John McNaughton and the Farrelly brothers. He received Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Ghostbusters, Rushmore (1998), Hyde Park on Hudson (2012), St. Vincent (2014), On the Rocks (2020) and the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), for which he later won his second Primetime Emmy Award. Response: Bill Murray earned a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor for his role in Lost in Translation.

I'm researching suburbs in the city of Brisbane. Please tell me which suburbs are north of the Brisbane River, and which are on the south. Annerley, Albion, West End, Kangaroo Point, Greenslopes, Windsor, Hamilton, Nundah, Cannon Hill, Kelvin Grove, Toowong, Milton

Albion, Windsor, Hamilton, Nundah, Kelvin Grove, Toowong and Milton are all Brisbane suburbs that are north of the Brisbane River. Annerley, West End, Kangaroo Point, Greenslopes and Cannon Hill are all Brisbane suburbs that are south of the Brisbane River.

classification

Instruction: I'm researching suburbs in the city of Brisbane. Please tell me which suburbs are north of the Brisbane River, and which are on the south. Annerley, Albion, West End, Kangaroo Point, Greenslopes, Windsor, Hamilton, Nundah, Cannon Hill, Kelvin Grove, Toowong, Milton Context: Response: Albion, Windsor, Hamilton, Nundah, Kelvin Grove, Toowong and Milton are all Brisbane suburbs that are north of the Brisbane River. Annerley, West End, Kangaroo Point, Greenslopes and Cannon Hill are all Brisbane suburbs that are south of the Brisbane River.

why is american football the most poplar sport in the US?

There are many sports that are closely followed by Americans. However, the most popular sport is Football. Football is popular because it is fast-paced. You have 11 players on each team who are in full-motion at the snap of the football. Football also has a defined start and end time. Unlike baseball, golf or cricket, football is timed with a clock and a winner is realized when the clock runs down to zero. Football involves contact between players on opposing teams, and the contact can sometimes be violent as players collide, sometimes at full speed. This contact creates an excitement and uncertainty among the fans, as you want to see what will happen on each play. Finally, football is enjoyable to watch whether you are in person or watching on TV.

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Instruction: why is american football the most poplar sport in the US? Context: Response: There are many sports that are closely followed by Americans. However, the most popular sport is Football. Football is popular because it is fast-paced. You have 11 players on each team who are in full-motion at the snap of the football. Football also has a defined start and end time. Unlike baseball, golf or cricket, football is timed with a clock and a winner is realized when the clock runs down to zero. Football involves contact between players on opposing teams, and the contact can sometimes be violent as players collide, sometimes at full speed. This contact creates an excitement and uncertainty among the fans, as you want to see what will happen on each play. Finally, football is enjoyable to watch whether you are in person or watching on TV.

Where is the Black See?

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper, and Don. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe.

The Black Sea is lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine.

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Instruction: Where is the Black See? Context: The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper, and Don. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe. Response: The Black Sea is lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine.

What is a lawn mower?

A lawn mower (also known as a mower, grass cutter or lawnmower) is a device utilizing one or more revolving blades (or a reel) to cut a grass surface to an even height. The height of the cut grass may be fixed by the design of the mower, but generally is adjustable by the operator, typically by a single master lever, or by a lever or nut and bolt on each of the machine's wheels. The blades may be powered by manual force, with wheels mechanically connected to the cutting blades so that when the mower is pushed forward, the blades spin or the machine may have a battery-powered or plug-in electric motor. The most common self-contained power source for lawn mowers is a small (typically one cylinder) internal combustion engine. Smaller mowers often lack any form of propulsion, requiring human power to move over a surface; "walk-behind" mowers are self-propelled, requiring a human only to walk behind and guide them. Larger lawn mowers are usually either self-propelled "walk-behind" types or more often, are "ride-on" mowers, equipped so the operator can ride on the mower and control it. A robotic lawn mower ("lawn-mowing bot", "mowbot", etc.) is designed to operate either entirely on its own or less commonly by an operator by remote control.

A lawn mower is a machine that uses blades to cut grass to a desired height.

information_extraction

Instruction: What is a lawn mower? Context: A lawn mower (also known as a mower, grass cutter or lawnmower) is a device utilizing one or more revolving blades (or a reel) to cut a grass surface to an even height. The height of the cut grass may be fixed by the design of the mower, but generally is adjustable by the operator, typically by a single master lever, or by a lever or nut and bolt on each of the machine's wheels. The blades may be powered by manual force, with wheels mechanically connected to the cutting blades so that when the mower is pushed forward, the blades spin or the machine may have a battery-powered or plug-in electric motor. The most common self-contained power source for lawn mowers is a small (typically one cylinder) internal combustion engine. Smaller mowers often lack any form of propulsion, requiring human power to move over a surface; "walk-behind" mowers are self-propelled, requiring a human only to walk behind and guide them. Larger lawn mowers are usually either self-propelled "walk-behind" types or more often, are "ride-on" mowers, equipped so the operator can ride on the mower and control it. A robotic lawn mower ("lawn-mowing bot", "mowbot", etc.) is designed to operate either entirely on its own or less commonly by an operator by remote control. Response: A lawn mower is a machine that uses blades to cut grass to a desired height.

When was Campbell, CA founded?

n 1878, Campbell sold his land for $5 an acre to a railroad company. By 1887, the first subdivision was recorded west of the railroad, from Campbell Avenue to the spot where the Water Tower Plaza now stands. He and his wife Mary (née Rucker) Campbell (1834–1913) founded the city which was first known as Campbell's Place, but would later become the town of Campbell. In 1888, the Campbell School District was formed. The area became the center for shipping fruit grown in the surrounding area, and within a short time, the drying grounds and canneries made Campbell an important rail center. By 1892, the Campbell Fruit Growers' Union became a well-known cooperative with its 17-acre (69,000 m2) drying yard. J.C. Ainsley Packing Company, Hyde Cannery, and Payne Cannery were the main fruit packing companies. In 1895, The Bank of Campbell was founded and the first newspaper, the Campbell Weekly Visitor, began publication. Campbell was incorporated as a city in 1952. The city then grew rapidly as orchard lands disappeared, tract by tract. Today, Campbell is a suburban residential neighborhood in the southern part of the Santa Clara Valley.

Campbell was founded in 1952.

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Instruction: When was Campbell, CA founded? Context: n 1878, Campbell sold his land for $5 an acre to a railroad company. By 1887, the first subdivision was recorded west of the railroad, from Campbell Avenue to the spot where the Water Tower Plaza now stands. He and his wife Mary (née Rucker) Campbell (1834–1913) founded the city which was first known as Campbell's Place, but would later become the town of Campbell. In 1888, the Campbell School District was formed. The area became the center for shipping fruit grown in the surrounding area, and within a short time, the drying grounds and canneries made Campbell an important rail center. By 1892, the Campbell Fruit Growers' Union became a well-known cooperative with its 17-acre (69,000 m2) drying yard. J.C. Ainsley Packing Company, Hyde Cannery, and Payne Cannery were the main fruit packing companies. In 1895, The Bank of Campbell was founded and the first newspaper, the Campbell Weekly Visitor, began publication. Campbell was incorporated as a city in 1952. The city then grew rapidly as orchard lands disappeared, tract by tract. Today, Campbell is a suburban residential neighborhood in the southern part of the Santa Clara Valley. Response: Campbell was founded in 1952.

When was Belgium founded?

4th of October 1830

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Instruction: When was Belgium founded? Context: Response: 4th of October 1830

Which player has won the most Superbowls?

Tom Brady

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Instruction: Which player has won the most Superbowls? Context: Response: Tom Brady

Given the biography of Nemacolin, what years did George Washington use Nemacolin's Path?

The son of Checochinican (Chickoconecon), chief of the Fish Clan of the Turtle tribe, Nemacolin was born near the Brandywine Creek, probably close to the Swedish trading post at Fort Christina that later became Wilmington, Delaware. By a treaty with William Penn in 1726, various tribes either rented or gave up their land on both sides of Brandywine Creek. Nemacolin likely grew up near Shamokin, Pennsylvania, a village near the Susquehanna River to which the Delaware had retreated when faced with disease and colonization of their traditional lands by white settlers. His family grew to know trader Thomas Cresap, and moved south and west with the Cresap family, likely after a controversy between groups of settlers aligned with the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania known as Cresap's War. Circa 1750, Cresap received instructions to improve the Native American path across the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Narrows. He hired Nemacolin and his two sons, among others, to complete the task between Will's Creek (a trading post on a tributary of the Potomac River later the site of Fort Cumberland) and the mouth of Redstone Creek on the Monongahela River (a tributary of the Ohio River) which later became Redstone Old Fort and even later Brownsville, Pennsylvania. A side trail led to the residence of Christopher Gist. Gist led George Washington along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754. It was later improved to permit supply wagons for General Edward Braddock's army, and the General ultimately died on the route in 1755 after the disastrous Battle of the Monongahela near present day Pittsburgh. About 1759, as the war ended, Nemocolin reblazed the path to the residence of James Burd which became Fort Burd and later renamed Redstone Old Fort. Another branch went to Uniontown, Pennsylvania.

George Washington was led by Christopher Gist along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754

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Instruction: Given the biography of Nemacolin, what years did George Washington use Nemacolin's Path? Context: The son of Checochinican (Chickoconecon), chief of the Fish Clan of the Turtle tribe, Nemacolin was born near the Brandywine Creek, probably close to the Swedish trading post at Fort Christina that later became Wilmington, Delaware. By a treaty with William Penn in 1726, various tribes either rented or gave up their land on both sides of Brandywine Creek. Nemacolin likely grew up near Shamokin, Pennsylvania, a village near the Susquehanna River to which the Delaware had retreated when faced with disease and colonization of their traditional lands by white settlers. His family grew to know trader Thomas Cresap, and moved south and west with the Cresap family, likely after a controversy between groups of settlers aligned with the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania known as Cresap's War. Circa 1750, Cresap received instructions to improve the Native American path across the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Narrows. He hired Nemacolin and his two sons, among others, to complete the task between Will's Creek (a trading post on a tributary of the Potomac River later the site of Fort Cumberland) and the mouth of Redstone Creek on the Monongahela River (a tributary of the Ohio River) which later became Redstone Old Fort and even later Brownsville, Pennsylvania. A side trail led to the residence of Christopher Gist. Gist led George Washington along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754. It was later improved to permit supply wagons for General Edward Braddock's army, and the General ultimately died on the route in 1755 after the disastrous Battle of the Monongahela near present day Pittsburgh. About 1759, as the war ended, Nemocolin reblazed the path to the residence of James Burd which became Fort Burd and later renamed Redstone Old Fort. Another branch went to Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Response: George Washington was led by Christopher Gist along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754

Extract a list of all countries sharing a border with Germany from this passage.

Germany is the seventh-largest country in Europe; bordering Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria to the southeast, and Switzerland to the south-southwest. France, Luxembourg and Belgium are situated to the west, with the Netherlands to the northwest. Germany is also bordered by the North Sea and, at the north-northeast, by the Baltic Sea. German territory covers 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi), consisting of 348,672 km2 (134,623 sq mi) of land and 8,350 km2 (3,224 sq mi) of water. Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at 2,963 metres or 9,721 feet) in the south to the shores of the North Sea (Nordsee) in the northwest and the Baltic Sea (Ostsee) in the northeast. The forested uplands of central Germany and the lowlands of northern Germany (lowest point: in the municipality Neuendorf-Sachsenbande, Wilstermarsch at 3.54 metres or 11.6 feet below sea level) are traversed by such major rivers as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe. Significant natural resources include iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, and nickel.

Following countries share a border with Germany: - Denmark - Poland - Czech Republic - Austria - Switzerland - France - Luxembourg - Belgium - Netherlands

summarization

Instruction: Extract a list of all countries sharing a border with Germany from this passage. Context: Germany is the seventh-largest country in Europe; bordering Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria to the southeast, and Switzerland to the south-southwest. France, Luxembourg and Belgium are situated to the west, with the Netherlands to the northwest. Germany is also bordered by the North Sea and, at the north-northeast, by the Baltic Sea. German territory covers 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi), consisting of 348,672 km2 (134,623 sq mi) of land and 8,350 km2 (3,224 sq mi) of water. Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Alps (highest point: the Zugspitze at 2,963 metres or 9,721 feet) in the south to the shores of the North Sea (Nordsee) in the northwest and the Baltic Sea (Ostsee) in the northeast. The forested uplands of central Germany and the lowlands of northern Germany (lowest point: in the municipality Neuendorf-Sachsenbande, Wilstermarsch at 3.54 metres or 11.6 feet below sea level) are traversed by such major rivers as the Rhine, Danube and Elbe. Significant natural resources include iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, and nickel. Response: Following countries share a border with Germany: - Denmark - Poland - Czech Republic - Austria - Switzerland - France - Luxembourg - Belgium - Netherlands

Who is the all time leading goal scorer in the NHL?

The all time leading goal scorer in the NHL is Wayne Gretzky with 894 goals., Gretzky played in the NHL for 21 seasons, spending most of his time with the Edmonton Oilers and the Los Angeles Kings, but he also played for the New York Rangers and briefly, for the St Louis Blues.

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Instruction: Who is the all time leading goal scorer in the NHL? Context: Response: The all time leading goal scorer in the NHL is Wayne Gretzky with 894 goals., Gretzky played in the NHL for 21 seasons, spending most of his time with the Edmonton Oilers and the Los Angeles Kings, but he also played for the New York Rangers and briefly, for the St Louis Blues.

Can dogs look up?

Despite what the character "Big Al" in the 2004 Horror Comedy "Shaun of the Dead" thought, dogs can, indeed, look up. The film is responsible for perpetuating the myth even though in context the quote is meant to throw doubt on the validity of anything that "Big Al" says.

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Instruction: Can dogs look up? Context: Response: Despite what the character "Big Al" in the 2004 Horror Comedy "Shaun of the Dead" thought, dogs can, indeed, look up. The film is responsible for perpetuating the myth even though in context the quote is meant to throw doubt on the validity of anything that "Big Al" says.

Name some TV shows that American actor David Duchovny has been in.

The X-Files, Californication, Twin Peaks, The Red Shoe Diaries, Aquarius

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Instruction: Name some TV shows that American actor David Duchovny has been in. Context: Response: The X-Files, Californication, Twin Peaks, The Red Shoe Diaries, Aquarius

From the passage provided, extract the average altitude in miles that the ISS orbits at.

The ISS programme evolved from the Space Station Freedom, a 1984 American proposal to construct a permanently crewed Earth-orbiting station, and the contemporaneous Soviet/Russian Mir-2 proposal from 1976 with similar aims. The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations and the American Skylab. It is the largest artificial object in the solar system and the largest satellite in low Earth orbit, regularly visible to the naked eye from Earth's surface. It maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda Service Module or visiting spacecraft. The ISS circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day.

The ISS orbits the Earth at an average altitude of 250 miles.

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the average altitude in miles that the ISS orbits at. Context: The ISS programme evolved from the Space Station Freedom, a 1984 American proposal to construct a permanently crewed Earth-orbiting station, and the contemporaneous Soviet/Russian Mir-2 proposal from 1976 with similar aims. The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations and the American Skylab. It is the largest artificial object in the solar system and the largest satellite in low Earth orbit, regularly visible to the naked eye from Earth's surface. It maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda Service Module or visiting spacecraft. The ISS circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day. Response: The ISS orbits the Earth at an average altitude of 250 miles.

What is SQL?

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized programming language that is used to manage relational databases and perform various operations on the data in them.

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Instruction: What is SQL? Context: Response: Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standardized programming language that is used to manage relational databases and perform various operations on the data in them.

What are Heat Shock proteins?

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. They were first described in relation to heat shock, but are now known to also be expressed during other stresses including exposure to cold, UV light and during wound healing or tissue remodeling. Many members of this group perform chaperone functions by stabilizing new proteins to ensure correct folding or by helping to refold proteins that were damaged by the cell stress. This increase in expression is transcriptionally regulated. The dramatic upregulation of the heat shock proteins is a key part of the heat shock response and is induced primarily by heat shock factor (HSF). HSPs are found in virtually all living organisms, from bacteria to humans.

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions.

closed_qa

Instruction: What are Heat Shock proteins? Context: Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. They were first described in relation to heat shock, but are now known to also be expressed during other stresses including exposure to cold, UV light and during wound healing or tissue remodeling. Many members of this group perform chaperone functions by stabilizing new proteins to ensure correct folding or by helping to refold proteins that were damaged by the cell stress. This increase in expression is transcriptionally regulated. The dramatic upregulation of the heat shock proteins is a key part of the heat shock response and is induced primarily by heat shock factor (HSF). HSPs are found in virtually all living organisms, from bacteria to humans. Response: Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions.

What is the best tv series in the world

Dexter- The Dexter is so exciting to watch that it should be the best TV series in the world

brainstorming

Instruction: What is the best tv series in the world Context: Response: Dexter- The Dexter is so exciting to watch that it should be the best TV series in the world

Is there a secure desktop operating system I can use today?

Qubes OS is a desktop operating system based around the Xen hypervisor that allows grouping programs into a number of isolated sandboxes (virtual machines) to provide security. Windows for programs running within these sandboxes ("security domains") can be color coded for easy recognition. The security domains are configurable, they can be transient (changes to the file system will not be preserved), and their network connection can be routed through special virtual machines (for example one that only provides Tor networking). The operating system provides secure mechanisms for copy and paste and for copying files between the security domains.

Use Qubes OS! It is fairly complete and provide good isolation for most of your applications.

summarization

Instruction: Is there a secure desktop operating system I can use today? Context: Qubes OS is a desktop operating system based around the Xen hypervisor that allows grouping programs into a number of isolated sandboxes (virtual machines) to provide security. Windows for programs running within these sandboxes ("security domains") can be color coded for easy recognition. The security domains are configurable, they can be transient (changes to the file system will not be preserved), and their network connection can be routed through special virtual machines (for example one that only provides Tor networking). The operating system provides secure mechanisms for copy and paste and for copying files between the security domains. Response: Use Qubes OS! It is fairly complete and provide good isolation for most of your applications.

Fix spelling, grammar and factual mistakes in the text below: Finland prime minister, Sana Marrin, has lost her battle to stay in power after her centre-left Social Democratic party (SDP) was narrowly beat into third place in a cliffhanger election by its conservative and far-right rivals. With 99.4% of votes counted on sunday, the right-wing National Coalition party was on course to secure 20.7% of the vote, with the populist, nation-first Finns party predicted to score 20.1%. Marin’s SDP was forecast to collect 19.9%. Marin congratulated the election winners during her concesion speech, but hailed an improvement in both her party’s vote share and its projected number of MPs. “It’s a really good achievement, even though I didn’t finish first today,” she told supporters in Helsinki. “Democrcy has spoken, the Finnish people have casted their vote and the celebration of democracy is always a wonderful thing,” she added. “We have good reason to be hapy about this result.”

Finland’s prime minister, Sanna Marin, has lost her battle to stay in power after her centre-left Social Democratic party (SDP) was narrowly beaten into third place in a cliffhanger election by its conservative and far-right rivals. With 99.4% of votes counted on Sunday, the right-wing National Coalition party was on course to secure 20.7% of the vote, with the populist, nation-first Finns party predicted to score 20.1%. Marin’s SDP was forecast to collect 19.9%. Marin congratulated the election winners during her concession speech, but hailed an improvement in both her party’s vote share and its projected number of MPs. “It’s a really good achievement, even though I didn’t finish first today,” she told supporters in Helsinki. “Democracy has spoken, the Finnish people have cast their vote, and the celebration of democracy is always a wonderful thing,” she added. “We have good reason to be happy about this result.”

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Instruction: Fix spelling, grammar and factual mistakes in the text below: Finland prime minister, Sana Marrin, has lost her battle to stay in power after her centre-left Social Democratic party (SDP) was narrowly beat into third place in a cliffhanger election by its conservative and far-right rivals. With 99.4% of votes counted on sunday, the right-wing National Coalition party was on course to secure 20.7% of the vote, with the populist, nation-first Finns party predicted to score 20.1%. Marin’s SDP was forecast to collect 19.9%. Marin congratulated the election winners during her concesion speech, but hailed an improvement in both her party’s vote share and its projected number of MPs. “It’s a really good achievement, even though I didn’t finish first today,” she told supporters in Helsinki. “Democrcy has spoken, the Finnish people have casted their vote and the celebration of democracy is always a wonderful thing,” she added. “We have good reason to be hapy about this result.” Context: Response: Finland’s prime minister, Sanna Marin, has lost her battle to stay in power after her centre-left Social Democratic party (SDP) was narrowly beaten into third place in a cliffhanger election by its conservative and far-right rivals. With 99.4% of votes counted on Sunday, the right-wing National Coalition party was on course to secure 20.7% of the vote, with the populist, nation-first Finns party predicted to score 20.1%. Marin’s SDP was forecast to collect 19.9%. Marin congratulated the election winners during her concession speech, but hailed an improvement in both her party’s vote share and its projected number of MPs. “It’s a really good achievement, even though I didn’t finish first today,” she told supporters in Helsinki. “Democracy has spoken, the Finnish people have cast their vote, and the celebration of democracy is always a wonderful thing,” she added. “We have good reason to be happy about this result.”

What is Ontology?

"In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exist on the most fundamental level. Ontologists often try to determine what the categories or highest kinds are and how they form a system of categories that encompasses the classification of all entities. Commonly proposed categories include substances, properties, relations, states of affairs, and events. These categories are characterized by fundamental ontological concepts, including particularity and universality, abstractness and concreteness, or possibility and necessity. Of special interest is the concept of ontological dependence, which determines whether the entities of a category exist on the most fundamental level. Disagreements within ontology are often about whether entities belonging to a certain category exist and, if so, how they are related to other entities."

In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being

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Instruction: What is Ontology? Context: "In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exist on the most fundamental level. Ontologists often try to determine what the categories or highest kinds are and how they form a system of categories that encompasses the classification of all entities. Commonly proposed categories include substances, properties, relations, states of affairs, and events. These categories are characterized by fundamental ontological concepts, including particularity and universality, abstractness and concreteness, or possibility and necessity. Of special interest is the concept of ontological dependence, which determines whether the entities of a category exist on the most fundamental level. Disagreements within ontology are often about whether entities belonging to a certain category exist and, if so, how they are related to other entities." Response: In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being

Is Tesla's strategy sustainable in the face of increasing competition from incumbents and entrants in the fully electric vehicle market? How should they respond to the growing competitive threat?

Tesla has multiple advantages to sustaining the electric vehicle industry. Tesla perfected the direct-to-consumer sales model. This has eliminated the dealer network and unnecessary 3rd party interventions to its operating model. Also, Tesla's battery architecture is based on commodity battery packs, which are patented and proven cost-effective. Tesla's significant advantage over its competitors is its charging networks, which are increasing in size. Tesla has the 10x improvement to its product from traditional automobiles, like over-the-wire updates, autopilot, summon feature, etc., which helps Tesla to stand apart.

creative_writing

Instruction: Is Tesla's strategy sustainable in the face of increasing competition from incumbents and entrants in the fully electric vehicle market? How should they respond to the growing competitive threat? Context: Response: Tesla has multiple advantages to sustaining the electric vehicle industry. Tesla perfected the direct-to-consumer sales model. This has eliminated the dealer network and unnecessary 3rd party interventions to its operating model. Also, Tesla's battery architecture is based on commodity battery packs, which are patented and proven cost-effective. Tesla's significant advantage over its competitors is its charging networks, which are increasing in size. Tesla has the 10x improvement to its product from traditional automobiles, like over-the-wire updates, autopilot, summon feature, etc., which helps Tesla to stand apart.

Please give a simple list of reasons that extraterrestrial intelligence may not exist or is very rare

Those who think that intelligent extraterrestrial life is (nearly) impossible argue that the conditions needed for the evolution of life—or at least the evolution of biological complexity—are rare or even unique to Earth. Under this assumption, called the rare Earth hypothesis, a rejection of the mediocrity principle, complex multicellular life is regarded as exceedingly unusual. The rare Earth hypothesis argues that the evolution of biological complexity requires a host of fortuitous circumstances, such as a galactic habitable zone, a star and planet(s) having the requisite conditions, such as enough of a continuous habitable zone, the advantage of a giant guardian like Jupiter and a large moon, conditions needed to ensure the planet has a magnetosphere and plate tectonics, the chemistry of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and oceans, the role of "evolutionary pumps" such as massive glaciation and rare bolide impacts. And perhaps most importantly, advanced life needs whatever it was that led to the transition of (some) prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion. In his book Wonderful Life (1989), Stephen Jay Gould suggested that if the "tape of life" were rewound to the time of the Cambrian explosion, and one or two tweaks made, human beings most probably never would have evolved. Other thinkers such as Fontana, Buss, and Kauffman have written about the self-organizing properties of life.

Conditions that evolved intelligent life on planet Earth may be exceedingly rare in the Universe. These reasons for that are speculated to be: 1. The solar system is in a safe location within its galaxy. 2. The location of the earth relative to the sun and other planets in the solar system gives it protection from extreme environmental conditions that would prevent life from occurring. 3. The steps that led to advanced life forms (prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion) may be very unlikely to occur.

summarization

Instruction: Please give a simple list of reasons that extraterrestrial intelligence may not exist or is very rare Context: Those who think that intelligent extraterrestrial life is (nearly) impossible argue that the conditions needed for the evolution of life—or at least the evolution of biological complexity—are rare or even unique to Earth. Under this assumption, called the rare Earth hypothesis, a rejection of the mediocrity principle, complex multicellular life is regarded as exceedingly unusual. The rare Earth hypothesis argues that the evolution of biological complexity requires a host of fortuitous circumstances, such as a galactic habitable zone, a star and planet(s) having the requisite conditions, such as enough of a continuous habitable zone, the advantage of a giant guardian like Jupiter and a large moon, conditions needed to ensure the planet has a magnetosphere and plate tectonics, the chemistry of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and oceans, the role of "evolutionary pumps" such as massive glaciation and rare bolide impacts. And perhaps most importantly, advanced life needs whatever it was that led to the transition of (some) prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion. In his book Wonderful Life (1989), Stephen Jay Gould suggested that if the "tape of life" were rewound to the time of the Cambrian explosion, and one or two tweaks made, human beings most probably never would have evolved. Other thinkers such as Fontana, Buss, and Kauffman have written about the self-organizing properties of life. Response: Conditions that evolved intelligent life on planet Earth may be exceedingly rare in the Universe. These reasons for that are speculated to be: 1. The solar system is in a safe location within its galaxy. 2. The location of the earth relative to the sun and other planets in the solar system gives it protection from extreme environmental conditions that would prevent life from occurring. 3. The steps that led to advanced life forms (prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion) may be very unlikely to occur.

Please provide a list of Michael Jordan's accomplishments in the 1987-1988 NBA basketball season.

NBA achievements Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Class of 2009 6× NBA champion: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998 5× NBA Most Valuable Player: 1987–88, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 1997–98 6× NBA Finals Most Valuable Player: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998 10× Scoring leader: 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98 NBA Defensive Player of the Year: 1987-88 NBA Rookie of the Year: 1984-85 14× NBA All-Star: 1985, 1986 (selected but injured), 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003 3× NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player: 1988, 1996, 1998 2× NBA Slam Dunk Contest champion: 1987, 1988 Runner-up in 1985 3× Steals leader: 1987–88, 1989–90, 1992–93 2× Minutes leader: 1987–88, 1988–89 2× IBM Award winner: 1985, 1989 11× All-NBA selection: First Team: 1987–93, 1996–98 Second Team: 1985 9× All-Defensive selection: First Team: 1988–93, 1996–98 NBA All-Rookie selection: First Team: 1985 7× The Sporting News Most Valuable Player: 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98 The Sporting News Rookie of the Year: 1985 Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year: 1991 Ranked #1 by SLAM Magazine's Top 50 Players of All-time Ranked #1 by ESPN SportsCentury's Top North American Athletes of the 20th Century Selected in 1996 as one of the "50 Greatest Players in NBA History" Selected in 1996 as member of two of the "Top 10 Teams in NBA History" 1991–92 Chicago Bulls (67–15; .817) 1995–96 Chicago Bulls (72–10; .878) 25 NBA Player of the Week 16 NBA Player of the Month

In the 1987-1988 NBA Season, Michael Jordan had several achievements, including: -NBA Most Valuable Player -NBA Scoring Leader -NBA Defensive Player of the Year -NBA Slam Dunk Contest Champion -NBA Steals Leader -NBA Minutes Leader -All-NBA First Team -NBA All-Defensive Team -The Sporting News Most Valuable Player

summarization

Instruction: Please provide a list of Michael Jordan's accomplishments in the 1987-1988 NBA basketball season. Context: NBA achievements Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Class of 2009 6× NBA champion: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998 5× NBA Most Valuable Player: 1987–88, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 1997–98 6× NBA Finals Most Valuable Player: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998 10× Scoring leader: 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98 NBA Defensive Player of the Year: 1987-88 NBA Rookie of the Year: 1984-85 14× NBA All-Star: 1985, 1986 (selected but injured), 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003 3× NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player: 1988, 1996, 1998 2× NBA Slam Dunk Contest champion: 1987, 1988 Runner-up in 1985 3× Steals leader: 1987–88, 1989–90, 1992–93 2× Minutes leader: 1987–88, 1988–89 2× IBM Award winner: 1985, 1989 11× All-NBA selection: First Team: 1987–93, 1996–98 Second Team: 1985 9× All-Defensive selection: First Team: 1988–93, 1996–98 NBA All-Rookie selection: First Team: 1985 7× The Sporting News Most Valuable Player: 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98 The Sporting News Rookie of the Year: 1985 Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year: 1991 Ranked #1 by SLAM Magazine's Top 50 Players of All-time Ranked #1 by ESPN SportsCentury's Top North American Athletes of the 20th Century Selected in 1996 as one of the "50 Greatest Players in NBA History" Selected in 1996 as member of two of the "Top 10 Teams in NBA History" 1991–92 Chicago Bulls (67–15; .817) 1995–96 Chicago Bulls (72–10; .878) 25 NBA Player of the Week 16 NBA Player of the Month Response: In the 1987-1988 NBA Season, Michael Jordan had several achievements, including: -NBA Most Valuable Player -NBA Scoring Leader -NBA Defensive Player of the Year -NBA Slam Dunk Contest Champion -NBA Steals Leader -NBA Minutes Leader -All-NBA First Team -NBA All-Defensive Team -The Sporting News Most Valuable Player

Based on this paragraph, tell me who was responsible for the discovery of nuclear fission.

Nuclear fission of heavy elements was discovered on Monday 19 December 1938 in Berlin, by German chemist Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann in cooperation with Austrian-Swedish physicist Lise Meitner. Hahn understood that a "burst" of the atomic nuclei had occurred. Meitner explained it theoretically in January 1939 along with her nephew Otto Robert Frisch. Frisch named the process by analogy with biological fission of living cells. In their second publication on nuclear fission in February of 1939, Hahn and Strassmann predicted the existence and liberation of additional neutrons during the fission process, opening up the possibility of a nuclear chain reaction.

Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann achieved nuclear fission in the laboratory, but could not explain what had happened. It was Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch that interpreted the laboratory results and discovered that nuclear fission had occurred.

summarization

Instruction: Based on this paragraph, tell me who was responsible for the discovery of nuclear fission. Context: Nuclear fission of heavy elements was discovered on Monday 19 December 1938 in Berlin, by German chemist Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann in cooperation with Austrian-Swedish physicist Lise Meitner. Hahn understood that a "burst" of the atomic nuclei had occurred. Meitner explained it theoretically in January 1939 along with her nephew Otto Robert Frisch. Frisch named the process by analogy with biological fission of living cells. In their second publication on nuclear fission in February of 1939, Hahn and Strassmann predicted the existence and liberation of additional neutrons during the fission process, opening up the possibility of a nuclear chain reaction. Response: Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann achieved nuclear fission in the laboratory, but could not explain what had happened. It was Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch that interpreted the laboratory results and discovered that nuclear fission had occurred.

What is the relationship between interest rates and the economy?

Central banks typically adjust interest rates as a way to influence inflation and economic growth. When a country is experiencing high rates of inflation, its central bank will typically increase the interest rate which will increase the cost of credit and therefore reduce economic demand and consumption. Reduced demand will lead to reduced prices and less inflation. When a country is experiencing deflation, the central bank will typically decrease interest rates to reduce cost of credit and increase consumption. Central banks must be careful with interest rates. High interest rates for a sustained period of time can lead to a recession. Whereas, low interest rates for a sustained period of time can lead to hyperinflation and an overheated economy.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the relationship between interest rates and the economy? Context: Response: Central banks typically adjust interest rates as a way to influence inflation and economic growth. When a country is experiencing high rates of inflation, its central bank will typically increase the interest rate which will increase the cost of credit and therefore reduce economic demand and consumption. Reduced demand will lead to reduced prices and less inflation. When a country is experiencing deflation, the central bank will typically decrease interest rates to reduce cost of credit and increase consumption. Central banks must be careful with interest rates. High interest rates for a sustained period of time can lead to a recession. Whereas, low interest rates for a sustained period of time can lead to hyperinflation and an overheated economy.

What the the effects of houseplants?

Houseplants do not have an appreciable effect on the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in normal home environments: it would require between 10 and 1000 houseplants per square meter to achieve the same level of VOC removal as occurs from passive exchange between indoor and outdoor air. The idea that houseplants have an appreciable effect on indoor air quality is largely based on the Clean Air Study conducted by NASA in the 1980s. The study tested plants in sealed chambers and with highly elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (specifically benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde). It concluded that to the extent that houseplants improve air quality, the mechanism of action is microorganisms within the potting soil, rather than the plants themselves. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments, reducing carbon dioxide levels by 10-25% and carbon monoxide levels by up to 90%. The effect has been investigated by NASA for use in spacecraft. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity. They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. A critical review of the experimental literature concluded "The reviewed studies suggest that indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance. However, they also showed substantial heterogeneity in methods and results. We therefore have strong reservations about general claims that indoor plants cause beneficial psychological changes. It appears that benefits are contingent on features of the context in which the indoor plants are encountered and on characteristics of the people encountering them."

There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity.They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance.

information_extraction

Instruction: What the the effects of houseplants? Context: Houseplants do not have an appreciable effect on the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in normal home environments: it would require between 10 and 1000 houseplants per square meter to achieve the same level of VOC removal as occurs from passive exchange between indoor and outdoor air. The idea that houseplants have an appreciable effect on indoor air quality is largely based on the Clean Air Study conducted by NASA in the 1980s. The study tested plants in sealed chambers and with highly elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (specifically benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde). It concluded that to the extent that houseplants improve air quality, the mechanism of action is microorganisms within the potting soil, rather than the plants themselves. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments, reducing carbon dioxide levels by 10-25% and carbon monoxide levels by up to 90%. The effect has been investigated by NASA for use in spacecraft. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity. They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. A critical review of the experimental literature concluded "The reviewed studies suggest that indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance. However, they also showed substantial heterogeneity in methods and results. We therefore have strong reservations about general claims that indoor plants cause beneficial psychological changes. It appears that benefits are contingent on features of the context in which the indoor plants are encountered and on characteristics of the people encountering them." Response: There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Houseplants do have a statistically significant effect on the concentrations of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in normal indoor environments. Plants also appear to increase the number and diversity of bacteria in homes, while reducing fungal diversity.They tend to increase humidity, reduce temperature swings, and reduce noise. There are also many claimed psychological and physiological benefits to having houseplants. Indoor plants can provide psychological benefits such as stress-reduction and increased pain tolerance.

Tell me whether each airline is American or European: British Airways, United Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Jet Blue, Easy Jet, Ryan Air

British Airways: European United Airlines: American Southwest Airlines: American Jet Blue: American Easy Jet: European Ryan Air: European

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether each airline is American or European: British Airways, United Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Jet Blue, Easy Jet, Ryan Air Context: Response: British Airways: European United Airlines: American Southwest Airlines: American Jet Blue: American Easy Jet: European Ryan Air: European

From the passage identify the areas where cytokines can help the host immune responses. Display the results in a comma separated format.

Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Cytokines are peptides and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to be involved in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents.Cytokines include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumour necrosis factors, but generally not hormones or growth factors (despite some overlap in the terminology). Cytokines are produced by a broad range of cells, including immune cells like macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and mast cells, as well as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and various stromal cells; a given cytokine may be produced by more than one type of cell. They act through cell surface receptors and are especially important in the immune system; cytokines modulate the balance between humoral and cell-based immune responses, and they regulate the maturation, growth, and responsiveness of particular cell populations. Some cytokines enhance or inhibit the action of other cytokines in complex ways. They are different from hormones, which are also important cell signaling molecules. Hormones circulate in higher concentrations, and tend to be made by specific kinds of cells. Cytokines are important in health and disease, specifically in host immune responses to infection, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer, and reproduction.The word comes from the ancient Greek language: cyto, from Greek κύτος, kytos, 'cavity, cell' + kines, from Greek κίνησις, kinēsis, 'movement'.

infection, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer, reproduction

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage identify the areas where cytokines can help the host immune responses. Display the results in a comma separated format. Context: Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Cytokines are peptides and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to be involved in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents.Cytokines include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumour necrosis factors, but generally not hormones or growth factors (despite some overlap in the terminology). Cytokines are produced by a broad range of cells, including immune cells like macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and mast cells, as well as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and various stromal cells; a given cytokine may be produced by more than one type of cell. They act through cell surface receptors and are especially important in the immune system; cytokines modulate the balance between humoral and cell-based immune responses, and they regulate the maturation, growth, and responsiveness of particular cell populations. Some cytokines enhance or inhibit the action of other cytokines in complex ways. They are different from hormones, which are also important cell signaling molecules. Hormones circulate in higher concentrations, and tend to be made by specific kinds of cells. Cytokines are important in health and disease, specifically in host immune responses to infection, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer, and reproduction.The word comes from the ancient Greek language: cyto, from Greek κύτος, kytos, 'cavity, cell' + kines, from Greek κίνησις, kinēsis, 'movement'. Response: infection, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer, reproduction

On which day did Theodore Roosevelt lose both his first wife and his mother?

February 14, 1884.

open_qa

Instruction: On which day did Theodore Roosevelt lose both his first wife and his mother? Context: Response: February 14, 1884.

What are some former names for the city of Mumbai?

The name Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई, Gujarati: મુંબઈ, Hindi: मुंबई) derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community—and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra. The Koli people originated in Kathiawar and Central Gujarat, and according to some sources they brought their goddess Mumba with them from Kathiawar (Gujarat), where she is still worshipped. However, other sources disagree that Mumbai's name was derived from the goddess Mumba. The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used. In 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name "Bombaim" in his Lendas da Índia (Legends of India). This name possibly originated as the Galician-Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay", and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese. In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690), and Bon Bahia. After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was anglicised as Bombay. Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial dewan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i Ahmedi (1762) referred to the city as Manbai. The French traveller Louis Rousselet, who visited in 1863 and 1868, states in his book L'Inde des Rajahs, which was first published in 1877: "Etymologists have wrongly derived this name from the Portuguese Bôa Bahia, or (French: "bonne bai", English: "good bay"), not knowing that the tutelar goddess of this island has been, from remote antiquity, Bomba, or Mumba Devi, and that she still ... possesses a temple". By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi. The Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995. This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party, which had just won the Maharashtra state elections, and mirrored similar name changes across the country and particularly in Maharashtra. According to Slate magazine, "they argued that 'Bombay' was a corrupted English version of 'Mumbai' and an unwanted legacy of British colonial rule." Slate also said "The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region." While Mumbai is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and by some Indians from other regions, mention of the city by a name other than Mumbai has been controversial.

The city of Mumbai carries its official name since 1995, some former names of the city were: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690), Bon Bahia, Bombay, Manbai, Mambai, Bambai

information_extraction

Instruction: What are some former names for the city of Mumbai? Context: The name Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई, Gujarati: મુંબઈ, Hindi: मुंबई) derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community—and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra. The Koli people originated in Kathiawar and Central Gujarat, and according to some sources they brought their goddess Mumba with them from Kathiawar (Gujarat), where she is still worshipped. However, other sources disagree that Mumbai's name was derived from the goddess Mumba. The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used. In 1508, Portuguese writer Gaspar Correia used the name "Bombaim" in his Lendas da Índia (Legends of India). This name possibly originated as the Galician-Portuguese phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay", and Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese. In 1516, Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of Thane and Maiambu to Mumbadevi. Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690), and Bon Bahia. After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was anglicised as Bombay. Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial dewan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i Ahmedi (1762) referred to the city as Manbai. The French traveller Louis Rousselet, who visited in 1863 and 1868, states in his book L'Inde des Rajahs, which was first published in 1877: "Etymologists have wrongly derived this name from the Portuguese Bôa Bahia, or (French: "bonne bai", English: "good bay"), not knowing that the tutelar goddess of this island has been, from remote antiquity, Bomba, or Mumba Devi, and that she still ... possesses a temple". By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi. The Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995. This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist Shiv Sena party, which had just won the Maharashtra state elections, and mirrored similar name changes across the country and particularly in Maharashtra. According to Slate magazine, "they argued that 'Bombay' was a corrupted English version of 'Mumbai' and an unwanted legacy of British colonial rule." Slate also said "The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region." While Mumbai is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and by some Indians from other regions, mention of the city by a name other than Mumbai has been controversial. Response: The city of Mumbai carries its official name since 1995, some former names of the city were: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690), Bon Bahia, Bombay, Manbai, Mambai, Bambai

Is the Ironbottom Sound a boardgame

Ironbottom Sound, subtitled "The Guadalcanal Campaign", is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years.

Ironbottom Sound, subtitled The Guadalcanal Campaign, is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years.

summarization

Instruction: Is the Ironbottom Sound a boardgame Context: Ironbottom Sound, subtitled "The Guadalcanal Campaign", is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years. Response: Ironbottom Sound, subtitled The Guadalcanal Campaign, is a naval board wargame published by Quarterdeck Games in 1981 that simulates the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal during World War II. Four editions have been released by various publishers over forty years.

Classify the movies based on whether they were released in 2001 or 2002. Albela, Lagaan, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam, Devdas, Na Tum Jaano Na Hum

2001 : Albela, Lagaan, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham 2002 : Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam, Devdas, Na Tum Jaano Na Hum

classification

Instruction: Classify the movies based on whether they were released in 2001 or 2002. Albela, Lagaan, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam, Devdas, Na Tum Jaano Na Hum Context: Response: 2001 : Albela, Lagaan, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham 2002 : Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam, Devdas, Na Tum Jaano Na Hum

What are the starting Pokemon in Pokemon Red and Blue?

The grass type Pokemon Bulbasaur, the water type Pokemon Squirtle, and the fire type Pokemon Charmander.

general_qa

Instruction: What are the starting Pokemon in Pokemon Red and Blue? Context: Response: The grass type Pokemon Bulbasaur, the water type Pokemon Squirtle, and the fire type Pokemon Charmander.

What are the key components of an MLOps pipeline?

MLOps unlike traditional DevOps in software development is not only concerned with the management of code but must additionally account for data and models. A functional MLOps pipeline must be able to link together, and track changes, to the code used to develop a model and prepare the data, the data used for training and validation of the model and finally the model object itself. Therefore, an MLOps pipeline must consist of, at minimum, of the following components: A source code repository, a data versioning tool, a model repository, a CI/CD pipeline, a compute environment for training and development, model serving and finally, monitoring capabilities both for the data inputs and model outputs.

general_qa

Instruction: What are the key components of an MLOps pipeline? Context: Response: MLOps unlike traditional DevOps in software development is not only concerned with the management of code but must additionally account for data and models. A functional MLOps pipeline must be able to link together, and track changes, to the code used to develop a model and prepare the data, the data used for training and validation of the model and finally the model object itself. Therefore, an MLOps pipeline must consist of, at minimum, of the following components: A source code repository, a data versioning tool, a model repository, a CI/CD pipeline, a compute environment for training and development, model serving and finally, monitoring capabilities both for the data inputs and model outputs.

Why is Alien the greatest space horror film of all time?

For one thing, it does a fantastic job of making the crew of the Nostromo relatable and human. We spend a lot of time with them before any seriously suspenseful or horrific things happen. We understand they're a tight crew, and care about each other, and that they already feel some animosity towards the mining company that sent them out into space. This makes it a lot more scary and sad when eventually most of them become prey to the alien. Secondly, the main villain in Alien is not only way scarier than almost any other creature villain ever made, the way they build up both her backstory and her eventual full reveal is amazing. When we first see the small chestburster alien, neither we nor the crew have any idea how big, terrifying, and lethal she will become. From her sticky, slick sheen to her cunning and silent hunting skills, she is truly an unstoppable force. If I were trapped on a spaceship with that creature, I don't know what I'd do. And finally, Alien just feels more "real" with its universal and timely themes of greed and fear of the unknown. There are numerous actual stories of mining companies betraying their field employees and endangering their lives for a quick buck; isolated teams of workers going crazy, suffering from unseen maladies, and falling into chaos and disarray; and of course, the tale of predator and prey is perhaps the oldest one of all. Its visceral, brutal, claustrophobic terror felt imminently possibly in the 1970s when it was made, and has only increased with time.

general_qa

Instruction: Why is Alien the greatest space horror film of all time? Context: Response: For one thing, it does a fantastic job of making the crew of the Nostromo relatable and human. We spend a lot of time with them before any seriously suspenseful or horrific things happen. We understand they're a tight crew, and care about each other, and that they already feel some animosity towards the mining company that sent them out into space. This makes it a lot more scary and sad when eventually most of them become prey to the alien. Secondly, the main villain in Alien is not only way scarier than almost any other creature villain ever made, the way they build up both her backstory and her eventual full reveal is amazing. When we first see the small chestburster alien, neither we nor the crew have any idea how big, terrifying, and lethal she will become. From her sticky, slick sheen to her cunning and silent hunting skills, she is truly an unstoppable force. If I were trapped on a spaceship with that creature, I don't know what I'd do. And finally, Alien just feels more "real" with its universal and timely themes of greed and fear of the unknown. There are numerous actual stories of mining companies betraying their field employees and endangering their lives for a quick buck; isolated teams of workers going crazy, suffering from unseen maladies, and falling into chaos and disarray; and of course, the tale of predator and prey is perhaps the oldest one of all. Its visceral, brutal, claustrophobic terror felt imminently possibly in the 1970s when it was made, and has only increased with time.

In accordance with existentialism, does life have universal meaning?

The philosophical theory of Existentialism developed by Jean-Paul Sartre in the 20th century revolves around the idea of no objective purpose to life. Life itself has no universal meaning true for all beings. However, according to Sartre, that does not render our existence and actions as purposeless, but it is an encouragement to seek out our own understanding of purpose. So the meaning of life in accordance with this philosophy is individual and personal, varying from one human to another.

general_qa

Instruction: In accordance with existentialism, does life have universal meaning? Context: Response: The philosophical theory of Existentialism developed by Jean-Paul Sartre in the 20th century revolves around the idea of no objective purpose to life. Life itself has no universal meaning true for all beings. However, according to Sartre, that does not render our existence and actions as purposeless, but it is an encouragement to seek out our own understanding of purpose. So the meaning of life in accordance with this philosophy is individual and personal, varying from one human to another.

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Erxian, Alfaia

Erxian is string, Alfaia is percussion.

classification

Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Erxian, Alfaia Context: Response: Erxian is string, Alfaia is percussion.

Based on the passage provided, what are the only two elements in the periodic table that were names after a person who was alive at the time of naming?

Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016. The name honors the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. It is one of only two elements named after a person who was alive at the time of naming, the other being seaborgium, and the only element whose eponym is alive as of 2023.

Organesson and Seaborgium are the only two elements in the periodic table that were names after a person who was alive at the time of naming.

information_extraction

Instruction: Based on the passage provided, what are the only two elements in the periodic table that were names after a person who was alive at the time of naming? Context: Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016. The name honors the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. It is one of only two elements named after a person who was alive at the time of naming, the other being seaborgium, and the only element whose eponym is alive as of 2023. Response: Organesson and Seaborgium are the only two elements in the periodic table that were names after a person who was alive at the time of naming.

What is the biggest fish in the ocean?

Whale Sharks are the biggest fish in the ocean, growing up to 23 feet long. Surprisingly, they're not at all threatening and actually very approachable. There are many places around the world where you can swim (or dive) with whale sharks, from the Philippines to Mexico.

general_qa

Instruction: What is the biggest fish in the ocean? Context: Response: Whale Sharks are the biggest fish in the ocean, growing up to 23 feet long. Surprisingly, they're not at all threatening and actually very approachable. There are many places around the world where you can swim (or dive) with whale sharks, from the Philippines to Mexico.