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Does interleukin-18 or tumour necrosis factor-alpha have an independent association with the risk of coronary heart disease?

IL-18, but not TNFalpha, had a non-negligible association with CHD risk, although the association of IL-18 with risk was weak after full adjustment. These cytokines may play a role in CHD pathology, but may not be robust risk biomarkers.

These findings indicate that pRb promotes the expression of late-stage muscle-differentiation markers by both inhibiting cell-cycle progression and cooperating with MyoD to promote the transcriptional activation activity of MEF2.

Does rIG-I inhibit the MAPK-dependent proliferation of BRAF mutant melanoma cells via MKP-1?

RIG-I has the potential to exert anticancer activity in BRAF-mutant melanoma via controlling IFNβ production and MAPK signaling. This is the first study showing that RIG-I activation results in MKP-1-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation via controlling the p38-HSP27, c-Jun and rpS6 pathways thus identifying RIG-I and MKP-1 as novel and promising therapeutical targets.

TZDs inhibit albumin uptake and cholesterol synthesis in proximal tubular cells independently of PPARgamma. Depletion of cholesterol precursors by TZDs is at least partially responsible for reduced albumin uptake. These results support a new role for TZDs to combat progressive proteinuric renal disease.

Does recombinant human thyrotropin administration enhance thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine in hyperthyroid cats?

The increased RAIU observed after rhTSH administration in hyperthyroid cats could lead to a lower therapeutic dose of 131I after rhTSH administration in hyperthyroid cats and decreased risk of environmental and owner contamination during and after hospitalization.

These results show that serum esRAGE level and esRAGE-to-pentosidine ratio are more useful than BMD for assessing the risk of VFs in type 2 diabetic patients.

Does mASH1 maintain competence for BMP2-induced neuronal differentiation in post-migratory neural crest cells?

These data suggest that MASH1 promotes competence for neurogenesis, in a manner similar to its homologs, the proneural genes achaete-scute in Drosophila. They also reveal an unexpected feedback interaction between BMP2 and MASH1 during neuronal differentiation. MASH1 may play multiple roles at successive stages of development within a neurogenic lineage, only one of which is revealed by a loss-of-function mutation.

Ketamine reduces membrane conductance and glutamatergic excitation, in part by blocking alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid receptor channels that may be constitutively active at a low level in slice preparations of auditory cortex.

Does toll-like receptor 4 signaling promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma induced by lipopolysaccharide?

Our results indicate that TLR4 signaling is required for LPS-induced EMT, tumor cell invasion and metastasis, which provide molecular insights for LPS-related pathogenesis and a basis for developing new strategies against metastasis in HCC.

In retinal neurons, the molecular chaperone σR1 binds BiP under stressful conditions; (+)-pentazocine may exert its effects by dissociating σR1 from BiP. As stress in retinal cells increases, phosphorylation of σR1 is increased, which is attenuated when agonists bind to the receptor.

Is mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 up-regulated in human head and neck , skin , pancreatic , and prostate tumors?

Over expression of UCP2 in certain tumors provides the rationale to speculate that UCP2 may promote tumor growth in these cancers.

Long-term leucine supplementation (7.5 g/d) does not augment skeletal muscle mass or strength and does not improve glycemic control or the blood lipid profile in healthy elderly men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00807508.

Does miR-320a mediate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by targeting VEGF signal pathway?

Our observations demonstrate that miR-320a play important roles in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity via vessel homeostasis in heart and thus, inhibition of miR-320a may be applied to the treatment of cardiac dysfunction induced by anthracycline.

Both traditional and non-traditional risk factor indices are independently associated with incident CHD events. CHD risk assessment may benefit from consideration of general health information as well as from traditional risk factors.

Does dixon imaging-based partial volume correction improve quantification of choline detected by breast 3D-MRSI?

The proposed method allows quantification of the Cho signal in glandular/lesion tissue independent of water/fat composition in breast 3D-MRSI. This can improve the reproducibility of breast 3D-MRSI, particularly important for therapy monitoring.

Our results indicated that calcification in mLNs related to the ability of (131)I accumulation and less dedifferentiation.

Does blue mode offer any benefit over white light when calculating Lewis score in small-bowel capsule endoscopy?

Although BM is believed to enhance mucosal details i.e., small mucosal breaks, it did not perform better than WL in the calculation of LS in our cohort.

These data further define the wide range of activities that exist for PfCRT isoforms found in P. falciparum isolates from around the globe.

Do [ Application of fasciocutaneous flap in repairing III degree burn wound in facio-cervical region ]?

The fasciocutaneous flap in the cervical-thoracic region may provide a large area of flap, and can be easily transferred. It's an ideal flap for the repair of skin defect in the facio-cervical region, especially for the repair of the wounds with infection or exposure of vessel, nerve and tendon.

These findings demonstrate that adiponectin is a potent inhibitor of HSC activation and induces AQPs expression. Thus, low serum levels of adiponectin could be a mechanism how obesity affects the functional state of HSC, thereby contributing to obesity-associated liver fibrosis.

Are different vascular risk scores calculated at midlife uniformly associated with subsequent poor cognitive performance?

This study supports the existence of an inverse cross-time association between midlife vascular risk profiles and subsequent poor cognitive performance, especially in the verbal memory domain. Beyond their importance as regards vascular risk, such risk scores may help primary prevention efforts in identifying and targeting middle-aged individuals at high risk of cognitive aging.

In CIS patients, the extent of early cortical reorganization following tissue injury might be a factor associated with a different disease evolution.

Injury recurrence is lower at the highest professional football level than at national and amateur levels: does sports medicine and sports physiotherapy deliver?

Recurrence proportions showed an inverse relationship with playing level, and recurrent injury incidence has decreased over the past decade.

Fluid overload in the early postoperative period was associated with higher mortality and morbidity. Risk factors for fluid overload include underlying kidney dysfunction, hemodynamic instability, and higher blood loss on the day of the surgery.

Is ankle instability associated with balance impairments : a meta-analysis?

FAI is associated with impaired balance. Due to the relatively large effect sizes and simplicity of use of time in balance and foot lifts, we recommend that further research should establish their clinical validity and clinical cutoff scores.

We described novel relationships between adiponectin and thyroid hormones in patients with kidney diseases. However, possible pre-existing thyroid dysfunction prior to transplantation (during dialysis therapy) and immunosuppression after transplantation make all these findings relatively complex. Therefore, the relationships between adiponectin and the thyroid axis in patients with chronic renal failure, in haemodialysed subjects or in kidney transplant recipients merit additional studies.

Is arterial stiffness increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype?

Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic, nondiabetic women with a putative PCOS phenotype, independently of age, BMI or blood pressure. This might present one mechanism through which PCOS increases the risk of CVD and hypertension later in life.

Amoxycillin and folate inhibitors are essentially as effective as more expensive antibiotics for the initial treatment of uncomplicated acute sinusitis. Small differences in efficacy may exist, but are unlikely to be clinically important.

Does the radioisotope contribute significantly to the activity of radioimmunotherapy?

Unlabeled Tositumomab showed single agent activity, but in this direct comparison, all of the therapeutic outcome measures were significantly enhanced by the conjugation of (131)I to Tositumomab.

Increased filtration surface per glomerulus could be associated with glomerular filtration rate preservation in diabetes. Thus, juxtaglomerular apparatus immunologic injury in Type 1 diabetes patients could delay the clinical consequences of diabetic nephropathy.

Is impaired ketogenesis a major mechanism for disturbed hepatic fatty acid metabolism in rats with long-term cholestasis and after relief of biliary obstruction?

In BDL rats, impairment of hepatic fatty acid metabolism is multifactorial. After reversing biliary obstruction, reduced activity of HMG-CoA synthase is the major factor.

The GABAA receptor beta 2 subunit mediates a significant proportion of the hypothermic effects of etomidate. As the beta 2 subunit mediates postrecovery ataxia and sedation, anesthetic agents that do not have in vivo potency at beta 2 subunit-containing receptors offer the potential for surgical anesthesia with improved recovery characteristics.

Does type 2 diabetes attenuate racial differences in coronary calcification?

relative to African-Americans, White race is a strong predictor of CAC, even in the presence of type 2 diabetes. The relationship in women appears less robust possibly due to gender differences in metabolic risk factors.

These results substantiate earlier suggestions that ACP provides more abdominal organ protection than DHCA in neonates undergoing aortic arch reconstruction.

Is impaired pressure natriuresis associated with interstitial inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension?

Here, we review the mechanisms for the impairment in pressure natriuresis resulting from renal tubulointerstitial inflammation in reference to the normal physiologic mechanisms involved in this response.

Fetuses with trisomy 21 have abnormalities of lipid metabolism that are specific and may be genetically determined. The finding of high cholesterol levels in fetuses undergoing blood sampling for indications other than karyotyping should prompt investigation of fetal chromosomes because of the increased risk of trisomy 21. The mechanism through which high levels of cholesterol during prenatal life are not leading to increased risk of atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated.

Does reanalysis of human blastocysts with different molecular genetic screening platforms reveal significant discordance in ploidy status?

The results of these studies reinforce the prevalence of inconsistencies during PGS evaluation of trophectoderm biopsies possibly due to variations in platform sensitivity and heightening concerns over the clinical tractability of such technology in human ARTs..

Identifying factors that result in variations of service need has implications for adequate nursing service, estimation of optimum nurse to patient ratio, quality of care and patient safety.

Does the Administration of Celecoxib as an Analgesic after Liver Resection be Safe?

The use of celecoxib for postoperative analgesia in the early period after liver resection is safe.

Clinical variables, either isolated or as components of a model, could not identify all children with pathologic radiographs.

Is ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl involved in tamoxifen-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by downregulating the survival signals?

This study demonstrates that c-Src, ERK, and AKT played a protective role during TAM-induced apoptosis, and that c-Cbl sensitized MCF-7 cells to TAM by modulating the expression of c-Src, and TAM-induced ERK and AKT activity.

The max ChoSNR obtained from MRS can differentiate ECa from BLs and type I ECa and type II ECa, but cannot differentiate between each grade ECa and each International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage ECa. However, max ChoSNR increased with the increase in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and size of ECa.

Does extent of oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein determine the degree of cytotoxicity to human coronary artery cells?

The extent of oxidation of LDL determined its cytotoxicity to coronary artery cells. Native LDL had no cytotoxic effect. In contrast, oxLDL and to a lesser extent mmLDL caused cytotoxicity at concentrations to which cells in vivo might be exposed. This may contribute to the atherogenicity of modified LDL by enhancing cellular injury and inflammation, and by inhibiting re-endothelialisation of areas of coronary artery damaged during the atherogenic process.

Serotonin levels may affect the progression of secondary RP. Polymorphic variants of the HTR1B gene are associated with the susceptibility of secondary RP in vibration-exposed occupational populations of Chinese Han people.

Does high glucose condition increase NADPH oxidase activity in endothelial microparticles that promote vascular inflammation?

High glucose condition increases NADPH oxidase activity in endothelial microparticles that amplify endothelial inflammation and impair endothelial function by promoting activation of the endothelium. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.

Vitamin B12 affects MTR expression by a non-transcriptional mechanism different from a protective effect on MTR proteolysis. It is also a strong determinant of DNA hypomethylation.

Does [ Correlation between gait speed and muscular strength with balance for reducing fall among elderly ]?

Improving 1kilogram-force of muscular strength of pelvic limb and 0.1meter/second in gait speed, balance (unipodal position time) increases balance by 11.3%. After 3 months of intervention group 2 got 7.9kg-force and 0.26m/s of profit, while group 1 had 4.1kg-force and 0.15m/s and control group 2.4kg-force and 0.1m/s.

Diabetes nurse educators engaged in the care of adults with T2DM should assess self-empowerment and tailor interventions to increase empowerment for better glycemic control. Patient empowerment plays an essential role in maintaining self-care behaviours and HbA1c.

Inguinal-scrotal hernias in young patients: is laparoscopic repair a possible answer?

Analysis of the short-term post-operative outcomes of our experience enabled us to conclude that, in the proper setting, TAPP can be performed for inguinoscrotal hernia repair with an efficiency comparable to that of normal inguinal hernia repair.

This study conceptualizes the possible relationships between depressive symptoms and daily functioning with mediation of cognitive abilities and provides a feasible model for the prevention of functional impairment related to geriatric depressive symptoms.

Do bODY MASS INDEX IS A POOR PREDICTOR OF MALNUTRITION IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS?

Body Mass Index is not a suitable method to assess the impact of malnutrition in hospitalized patients compared with the Subjective Global Assessment.

PBAUC(1) is increased in multiple colonic segments in neuropathic pediatric STC and constitutes a sensitive and specific biomarker of neuropathy.

Does adenovirus viral interleukin-10 inhibit adhesion molecule expressions induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation in cerebrovascular endothelial cells?

Ad/vIL-10 significantly inhibits the upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecule expressions and the increase of adhesion of monocytes- endothelial cells induced by H/R, indicating that vIL-10 gene transfer is of farreaching significance in the therapy of cerebrovascular inflammatory diseases, and anti-adhesion treatment may reduce H/R injury.

Our study confirms the risk of urinary stones following the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure as a result of hyperoxaluria, low urine volume and hypocitraturia. Those with gastric banding placement had low urine volumes. Future studies should elucidate the effect of nutrition and/or pharmacological therapy on stone risk of both surgeries as their incidence increases.

Does cefazolin accelerate gastric emptying in the critically ill?

In mechanically ventilated patients, cefazolin had no effect on gastric emptying. These data do not support the use of low-dose cefazolin as a pro-kinetic agent in critically ill patients.

A118G single nucleotide polymorphism affects pain relief and total fentanyl dose administered in epidural patient-controlled analgesia after caesarean section. G118 homozygotes have a poorer response to fentanyl than A118 homozygotes or heterozygotes.

Does diclofenac premedication but not intra-articular ropivacaine alleviate pain following day-case knee arthroscopy?

Diclofenac premedication p.o. reduced the VAS scores at eight hours postoperatively while intra-articular ropivacaine did not.

Revealed by this meta-analysis, ADH1B*47Arg as a common ancestral allele can significantly increase the risk of ESCC in Asians, especially when coupled with alcohol drinking or the ALDH2*504Lys allele.

Does aprotinin reduce the need for blood products during liver transplantation?

Aprotinin significantly reduces the need for red cell, frozen plasma, platelet, and cryoprecipitate transfusion use during orthotopic liver transplantation, and appears to be more efficacious than epsilon-aminocaproic acid.

Interference with the thrombin-PAR1 system does not reduce the adverse effects of blood on germinal cells of the immature rodent brain. PAR1 interference is unlikely to be a useful treatment for reducing the brain damage that accompanies periventricular (germinal matrix) hemorrhage, a common complication of premature birth.

Does down-regulation of miR-23b induce phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo?

We identify miR-23b as a novel regulator of VSMC phenotypic switch in vitro and following vascular injury in vivo.

The present study indicates that the DATS-mediated G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in DU145 cells results from differential kinetics of nuclear localization of cdk1 and cyclin B1.

Does long-term high-fat-diet feeding induce skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in rats in a sex-dependent and muscle-type specific manner?

We conclude that HFD rats may induce skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis as an attempt to compensate the deleterious consequences of adiponectin and insulin resistance on oxidative metabolism, and that the effects of HFD feeding are sex-dependent and muscle-type specific.

Our data suggest an improved outcome for mechanically ventilated patients being screened for delirium in clinical routine.

Is digital rectal examination barrier to population-based prostate cancer screening?

The results of our study have demonstrated that DRE is a significant barrier to participation in PCa screening. PSA plus DRE-based programs result in fewer cases of PCa detected, with a significant increase in negative biopsies. We, therefore, suggest that future mass screening efforts include only PSA determination and omit the DRE.

These findings suggest that (i) some calcium channel blockers can suppress cytokine-induced neutrophil activation, leading to possible prevention of the progression of atherosclerosis; and (ii) that activation of the ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways, induced by TNF-alpha but not by GM-CSF, is selectively affected by some blockers.

Does comparison of different prime for PCR-based diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

The wide variation in the analytical sensitivity of the primers used in the PCR, and the significant differences from the conventional method of ACL diagnosis found in this study, emphasize the importance of standardizing the PCR technique, analyzing sensitivity, and selecting suitable oligonucleotide primers.

Integrity of vagal nerve supply to the liver, hepatic portal vein, and the proximal duodenum provided by the common hepatic branch is not necessary for RYGB to reduce food intake and body weight or increase energy expenditure. Specifically, it is unlikely that a hepatic portal vein glucose sensor signaling RYGB-induced increased intestinal gluconeogenesis to the brain depends on vagal afferent fibers.

Ten Years' Experience of Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Cardiac Valvulopathies: Are Valve Prostheses Worst?

With the multidisciplinary care provided, pregnancy was relatively well tolerated and successful. However, the presence of a VHP remains a challenging condition that is associated with elevated maternal and fetal morbidity. A worse baseline cardiac status of the mother, as well as anticoagulation issues, were determinants for these findings.

These results suggest that MO patients appear to benefit more than SO patients from LRYGB and yet seem to be disadvantaged in some NHS Trusts in the United Kingdom for access to bariatric surgery. This study provides a baseline framework for further research to generate evidence for more scientific rationing of bariatric surgery.

Does children's screen time predict requests for advertised products?

Screen media exposure is a prospective risk factor for children's requests for advertised products. Future experimental studies on children's health- and consumer-related outcomes are warranted.

GFAP is highly expressed in the nerve tissue of mature teratomas and low in that of immature ones, suggesting that the GFAP expression is a meaningful indicator of teratoma maturation. It is helpful for pathologists to diagnose and classify teratomas.

Are serum S100 concentrations useful in predicting micrometastatic disease in cutaneous malignant melanoma?

We conclude that serum S100 concentrations do not predict the presence of micrometastatic melanoma in sentinel nodes in primary cutaneous melanoma.

Increased BNP-mRNA levels in hypertensive ANG-overexpressing mice and decreased BNP in hypotensive AT1-deficient animals suggest that this mRNA expression is blood pressure-dependent. However, the observed alterations of fibrosis and the unchanged BNP in hypotensive ANG knockouts and impaired BNP-mRNA expression in normotensive AT2-deficient mice demonstrate a direct interaction of the RAS and NPS that is fibrosis- rather than blood pressure-dependent.

Does adjunctive topiramate enhance the risk of hypothermia associated with valproic acid therapy?

We have found hypothermia, defined as an unintentional drop in body core temperature to <35 degrees C, to be associated with concomitant administration of topiramate (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) and valproic acid in patients who have tolerated either drug alone. Data mining analysis for topiramate showed a signal of hypothermia. Topiramate was reported 4.72 times more frequently in the database than would be statistically expected when considering all other drugs. Topiramate may act pharmacodynamically to potentiate the effects of valproic acid as a result of its ability to decrease blood HCO(3) (-) and increase blood ammonia levels.

When mPAP/CI exercise derived is analyzed, valuable information for linear-pulmonary vascular resistance-(LPVR) could be obtained for EAA and CILD-PH patients. mPAP/CI-r abnormalities not always reflect "pure arteriolar" increased LPVR for EAA and CILD patients. H is not useful as an adjunct vasodilator therapy for CILD-PH patients. AO2B-99.5% decrease right ventricular afterload for EAA patients, although not to normal. Complete reversibility for PH could result after long-term corticosteroid treatment. We conclude that treatment should focus mainly on the lung and not in the pulmonary artery pressure in interstitial lung disease PH patients.

Does genome-wide analysis of ionotropic receptors provide insight into their evolution in Heliconius butterflies?

All together these data make Heliconius butterflies one of the very few insects outside Drosophila where IRs have been characterized in detail. Our work outlines a dynamic pattern of IR gene evolution throughout the Heliconius radiation which could be the result of selective pressure to find potential mates or host-plants.

Due to its high-density, the third-generation linkage map for D. magna can be coupled with the draft genome assembly, providing an essential tool for genome investigation in this model organism. Thus, our linkage map can be used for the on-going improvements of the genome assembly, but more importantly, it has enabled us to characterize variation in recombination rate across the genome of D. magna for the first time. These new insights can provide a valuable assistance in future studies of the genome evolution, mapping of quantitative traits and population genetic studies.

Do functionalized gold nanoparticles improve afatinib delivery into cancer cells?

Conjugating PEGAuNPs with afatinib is a promising antitumor delivery system for cancer therapy as it improves drug efficacy, allowing a reduction in drug dose used and minimizing possible toxicity-related side effects.

We show that MoVAC8 is necessary for caffeine resistance, but dispensable for pathogenicity of M. oryzae, while MoTSC13 is involved in cell wall stress responses and is an important virulence determinant. By functional analysis of ΔMoatg1 and ΔMoatg4 mutants, we demonstrate that infection-associated nuclear degeneration in M. oryzae instead occurs by non-selective macroautophagy, which is necessary for rice blast disease.

Does transcription factor decoy for NFkappaB inhibit cytokine and adhesion molecule expressions in synovial cells derived from rheumatoid arthritis?

The results demonstrated in this study suggest the potential usefulness of NFkappaB decoy ODN for gene therapy of inflammatory synovitis of RA.

Leukocytes from preterm newborn infants respond to infection with an increased expression of CD19, CD33, and CD66b on their cell surfaces.

Do omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids critically regulate behaviour and gut microbiota development in adolescence and adulthood?

Neurobehavioural development related to cognitive, anxiety and social behaviours, is highly dependent upon in utero and lifelong n-3 PUFA availability. In addition, neurobehavioural changes induced by altering n-3 PUFA status are closely associated with comprehensive alterations in gut microbiota composition, HPA-axis activity and inflammation.

Within 1 week, the extraction of DEHP from a 5-cm PVC tube reaches up to 1 mg. Extrapolated, this represents an in vivo load of up to 4 mg. The load accumulated by a newborn in an intensive care unit can therefore easily reach several milligrams of DEHP per day. Polyadipate nasogastric tubes may therefore be an alternative and help to reduce the daily load of DEHP.

Does large tidal volume mechanical ventilation induce vascular dysfunction in rats?

Injurious mechanical ventilation in normal rats is associated with vascular dysfunction characterized by decreased relaxation to an endothelium-dependent vasodilator and to a nitrous oxide donor and by decreased response to norepinephrine.

Results suggest that an increase in the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene to 31 or greater may be associated with the etiology of at least some cases of idiopathic azoospermia.

Does grading of moyamoya disease allow stratification for postoperative ischemia in bilateral revascularization surgery?

The proposed grading system allows to stratify for ischemic complications in MMD patients that receive bilateral, one-staged revascularization surgery. Future studies will have to investigate its use for predicting ischemic complications in other revascularization strategies for MMD.

Influenza vaccination in WG patients with quiescent disease induced a sufficient antibody response.

Do primary care physicians prefer dictated or computer-generated discharge summaries?

Primary care physicians prefer computed-generated discharge summaries to dictated discharge summaries.

The expression of abnormal oncogene products and increased proliferation in some of these apocrine lesions questions the supposed degenerative nature of the atypia seen in such cases and suggests that there may be an association between these lesions and large cell ductal carcinoma in situ and hence invasive carcinoma.

Do synthetic emmprin peptides with chitobiose substitution stimulate MMP-2 production by fibroblasts?

Our results indicate that ECI can mimic emmprin activity when substituted with chitobiose, the disaccharide with which N-glycosylation starts.

Initial conservative management of small cystic pancreatic lesions may be indicated in selected patients.

Does glucosamine inhibit IL-1beta-induced NFkappaB activation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes?

GS inhibits the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators in HOC stimulated with IL-1beta through a NFkappaB-dependent mechanism. Our study further supports the role of GS as a symptom- and structure-modifying drug in the treatment of OA.

Breast density is strongly associated with increased risk of breast cancer, even after taking into account reproductive and hormonal risk factors, whereas BMD, although a possible marker of lifetime exposure to estrogen, is not. Thus, a component of breast density that is independent of estrogen-mediated effects may contribute to breast cancer risk.

Is membrane-bound stem cell factor a key regulator in the initial lodgment of stem cells within the endosteal marrow region?

The data demonstrate that although tm-SCF does not appear to play a role in the homing of transplanted cells to the bone marrow, it is critical in the lodgment and detainment of HSC within their hemopoietic "niche."

SVV may be a valuable estimator of RVEDVI in patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Are glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure unchanged by increased sodium intake in atorvastatin-treated healthy men?

A change in dietary sodium intake of approximately 100 mmol daily does not change GFR and BP in atorvastatin-treated healthy men. The lack of change in BP might reflect that the subjects studied were not sodium sensitive, or that atorvastatin treatment modified sodium sensitivity.

These findings suggest for the first time the relevance of peripheral monocytes phenotypes for the achievement of response to treatment. Hence, the study of monocyte subset regulation might effect improved CHC prognoses and adjuvant therapies.

Does hospital admission risk for depression vary across social groups?

Further studies should disentangle the mechanisms behind the higher admission risk among those with fewer economic resources and no co-resident partner.

This work could be a pivotal study to gain more knowledge on the cellular mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of this disease and may lead to the development of etiology-specific heart failure therapies. We suggest new molecular targets for therapeutic interventions, something that up to now has been lacking.

Is unintentional weight loss an independent predictor of mortality in a hemodialysis population?

Unintentional weight loss is independently predictive of clinical outcome in this cohort of dialysis patients. It is recommended that nutrition screening tools include weight loss as a key component in classification of risk and for prioritizing patient care.

The results indicate that with the same dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine, the duration of spinal blockade is longer in patients with restricted spread.

Is the difference between critical care initiation anion gap and prehospital admission anion gap predictive of mortality in critical illness?

An increase in standard anion gap at critical care initiation relative to prehospital admission standard anion gap is a predictor of the risk of all cause patient mortality in the critically ill.

These results validate a new concept of the therapy for hepatic fibrosis to achieve cell type-specific gene expression only in the fibrotic liver, with little damage to other organs.

Are population-based MRI atlases of spatial distribution specific to patient and tumor characteristics in glioblastoma?

Spatial location of GB is an important factor that correlates with demographic factors and tumor characteristics, which should therefore be considered when evaluating a patient with GB and might assist in personalized treatment.

These data advance the concept that macrophage-associated hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation of nutrient excess requires TR signaling.

Does calcium hydroxide inactivate lipoteichoic acid from Enterococcus faecalis through deacylation of the lipid moiety?

We suggest that calcium hydroxide attenuates the inflammatory activity of E. faecalis LTA through deacylation of the LTA.

Taken together, both the neighbourhood food environment and the consumer food environment are associated with a healthy dietary intake among SNAP participants.

Do peginterferon and Chinese herbs exert a combinatorial effect in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B?

The current evidence suggests that peginterferon plus Chinese herbal therapies were associated with higher virological response than peginterferon alone in HBeAg-positive CHB patients.

Being 'healthy overweight' was associated with a higher OR of developing future diabetes among Japanese individuals than normal weight individuals with no metabolic abnormalities, and being overweight with one or more abnormalities had a further elevated OR compared with 'healthy overweight' people.

Do tumor-infiltrating FoxP3+ Tregs and CD8+ T cells affect the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients?

Tumor-infiltrating Tregs may promote HCC progression by fostering angiogenesis and decreasing CD8+ T cells. High tumor-infiltrating Tregs are thought to be an unfavorable prognostic indicator for HCC.

MACE after discharge with unspecified chest pain is uncommon and associated with a diagnosis of hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors. Our findings support the use of risk factors in HEART score. The relation between age and MACE was not linear and our data indicates that the lower cut-off value for age in HEART score should be adjusted downwards.

Does impaired decoding of fear and disgust predict utilitarian moral judgment in alcohol-dependent individuals?

These findings suggest that impaired fear and disgust decoding contributes to utilitarian moral decision-making in alcohol-dependent individuals.

No homogeneous distribution of pancreas tissue density was seen among 9 consecutive human organs. Taken together, the density of native pancreas TS is not a suitable sole predictor for successful islet isolation and purification.

Does glutamine prevent intestinal mucosal injury induced by cyclophosphamide in rats?

Glutamine prevented intestinal mucosal injury induced by cyclophosphamide via increased glutathione, decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells.

RRHT reverses nonstenotic kidney injury in experimental renovascular HT, but concurrent HC blunts regression of kidney injury, possibly due to predominant vasoconstrictors and oxidative stress. These findings reinforce the contribution of the nonstenotic kidney and of prevailing cardiovascular risk factors to irreversibility of kidney dysfunction after revascularization.

Does videofluoroscopic assessment of pharyngeal stage delay reflect pathophysiology after brain infarction?

Laryngeal elevation delay time with low-viscosity contrast medium is a recommended parameter to discriminate the corticobulbar tract and the basal ganglion lesion.

These findings suggest that inflammasome-induced alveolar cell permeability is mediated by NRG-1/HER2 signaling through IL-1β regulation.

Does off-pump bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting increase operative risk in dialysis patients?

In situ skeletonized BITA grafting is safe and feasible in dialysis patients with multivessel disease.

Pedicle involvement was seen frequently in patients with osteoporotic compression fractures and was not specific for malignancy in our study group.

Does expression of the Streptococcus pneumoniae yoeB chromosomal toxin gene cause cell death in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana?

Expression of the YoeB toxin from Streptococcus pneumoniae is lethal in Arabidopsis. We believe this is the first report of a toxin from a bacterial toxin-antitoxin system functioning in plants. The results presented here mark an important milestone towards the development of a cell ablation based bio-containment strategy, which may be useful for functional studies and for the control of spread of transgenic plants.

Sarcopenia is independently associated with cancer specific mortality and all cause mortality after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. These findings underscore the importance of assessing skeletal muscle index for risk stratification, patient counseling and treatment planning.

Do activin A and follistatin-like 3 determine the susceptibility of heart to ischemic injury?

Activin A and Fstl3 are induced in heart by myocardial stress. Activin A protects myocytes from death, and this activity is antagonized by Fstl3. Thus, the relative expression levels of these factors after injury is a determinant of cell survival in the heart.

Symptoms associated with intense S. mansoni infection may negatively affect class-attentiveness of schoolchildren which may have important implications on their overall educational achievements. Further detailed intervention-based prospective studies are recommended to validate these findings which, if confirmed, could further justify school-age targeted praziquantel-based control of schistosomiasis.

Does vaccine-induced early control of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees fail to impact on hepatic PD-1 and chronicity?

Despite early control of virus load, a virus-associated tolerogenic-like state can develop in certain individuals independent of vaccination history.

Fellowships in advanced laparoscopy with emphasis on LGBP provide the optimal training environment for acquisition of skills necessary to safely and effectively perform LGBP. With fellowship training, complication rates were comparable to published outcomes in the literature without a period of higher complications (the learning curve).

Do epidemiology of Flexor Tendon Injuries of the Hand in a Northern Finnish Population?

Flexor tendon laceration is a relatively rare injury. It predominantly affects working-aged young males and frequently includes a nerve injury, which requires microsurgical skills from the surgeon performing the repair. This study describes epidemiology of flexor tendon injuries and therefore helps planning the surgical and rehabilitation services needed to address this entity.

These results support a positive relationship between suicidal behavior, suicide attempts, and obesity. However contrary to previous findings, no gender differences were found. The findings support the introduction of routine screening for suicidal behavior in extreme obese individuals.

Do proton-pump inhibitors confer additional gastrointestinal protection in patients given celecoxib?

Addition of a PPI to celecoxib conferred extra protection for patients ages>/=75 years. PPI did not seem necessary with celecoxib for patients ages 66-74 years.

This first pan-European meeting compiled a research agenda, identifying key areas for future research focusing on culture, diversity, and their operationalization. This requires international and multidisciplinary collaboration, which is necessary in the current efforts to synthesize best practices in EoL care.

Does mild portal endotoxaemia induce subacute hepatic inflammation and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in rats?

The present study demonstrated that mild portal endotoxaemia caused subacute hepatic inflammation and impaired pancreatic insulin secretion, implicating that portal endotoxaemia is a potential risk factor to link chronic subacute hepatic inflammation and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction.

Single-cell RNA-seq on viable PDX cells identified a candidate tumor cell subgroup associated with anti-cancer drug resistance. Thus, single-cell RNA-seq is a powerful approach for identifying unique tumor cell-specific gene expression profiles which could facilitate the development of optimized clinical anti-cancer strategies.

Is acute hyperglycemia a reliable outcome predictor in children with severe traumatic brain injury?

Hyperglycemia could be considered as a marker of brain injury and when present upon admission, could reflect extensive brain damage with frequently associated mortality and bad outcome. The inability to maintain normal blood glucose levels during the first 48 h could be a predictive factor of bad outcome. Avoiding hyperglycemia in the initial phase could be a major issue in children with severe TBI.

The adipocyte-dependent microenvironment within the creeping fat of patients with CD modulates the local macrophage compartment to a preference for the M2 subtype. The findings in this study with human cells suggest a protective role for the mesenteric fat in CD in terms of an enveloping barrier with the potential to limit intestinal inflammation.

Do experimentally induced ipsilateral testicular torsion, vas deferens obstruction, intra-abdominal testis or venous obstruction damage the contralateral testis through a common mechanism?

These four treatments damaged both the ipsilateral and contralateral testes. As the lactic acid and hypoxanthine levels within the contralateral testis were greater than in the controls, testicular torsion and vas deferens obstruction seem to share a common pathway (which may be a reflex decrease in contralateral testicular blood flow) for their effects on the contralateral testis.

These data establish a precancer 'stem' cell that is capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation as the origin of invasive cancer. Within the context of this model, these cells have programmed potential for latency and metastasis that does not appear to require sequential genetic 'hits' for transformation.

Does systemic sulpiride in young adult volunteers simulate the profile of cognitive deficits in Parkinson 's disease?

All of the tasks impaired following sulpiride are known to be sensitive to frontal lobe damage and the precise pattern of deficits seen is consistent with the anatomical distribution of central dopamine receptors. The results are discussed with particular reference to their close simulation of the impairments seen in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

The PKA-ERK1/2-VEGF signaling pathway promotes growth of liver cysts in mice. In Pkd2-defective LCECs, PKA-dependent ERK1/2 signaling controls HIF-1alpha-dependent VEGF secretion and VEGFR-2 signaling. Autocrine and paracrine VEGF signaling promotes the growth of liver cysts in Pkd2KO mice. VEGF inhibitors might be used to treat patients with polycystic liver disease.

Does stridor at birth predict poor outcome in neonates with myelomeningocele?

In newborns with MMC, stridor at birth may predict dismal outcome despite CM decompression. Unlike the situation in neonates who develop stridor after birth, the outcome in those presenting with stridor at birth does not seem to be impacted by decompression of the CM. Nonoperative management may be an option to offer in this population. Additionally, vernix caseosa meningitis may contribute to the severe irreversible brain stem dysfunction in these newborns.

Fat restricts organ size during Drosophila development via the Salvador/Warts/Hippo pathway. These studies aid our understanding of developmental organ size control and have implications for human hyperproliferative disorders, such as cancers.

Is lack of enteral nutrition during critical illness associated with profound decrements in biliary lipid concentrations?

Lack of EN during critical illness was associated with profound decrements in biliary lipid concentrations that normalized partially after 5 d of EN. We hypothesize that loss of enteric stimulation in ICU patients impairs hepatic lipid metabolism.

Enteral administration of PC + CH liposomes to BD rats partially corrects the absorption of palmitic acid. Present data suggest that administration of PC + CH liposomes could enhance fat absorption in clinical conditions of cholestasis in which bile salt supplemention is contraindicated.

Small bowel obstruction due to laparoscopic barbed sutures: an unknown complication?

These cases highlight that although barbed sutures provide an attractive means to allow easier and faster laparoscopic suturing, they should be used carefully in inframesocolic surgery and the suture end cut and buried to avoid inadvertent attachment to the small bowel or its mesentery. Barbed suture entanglement should be considered as an uncommon yet potentially serious differential cause for SBO presenting in the early period after laparoscopic surgery where a barbed suture has been used.

Our results show that the selective COX-2 inhibitor may inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells through the COX-2-dependent pathway (HT-29) by decreasing the COX-2 mRNA/PGE2 levels and the activity of the COX-2-independent pathway (SW480). The Notch1 signal pathway mediates the effects of the COX-2 inhibitor on the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells. This may be a new target of the selective COX-2 inhibitor effect on colon cancer.

Is specific expression of salivary maxi-K channel variant augmented in diabetic mice?

These results suggest that in db/db mice, the K(+) content of saliva may be elevated due to an expression of a maxi-K channel variant, which results from a modification of ductal structure.

our data provide evidence that an ECM glycoprotein component, fibronectin, plays a relevant role in hematopoiesis through interaction between stromal cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Do comparison of the tissue penetration and glide force of 22-gauge thin-wall needles for intravitreal implant administration?

Needle design and lubricant appear to facilitate penetration and reduce glide force when administering dexamethasone intravitreal implants. Minimal lot-to-lot variation should be considered in needle choice.

This study shows that increased expression and plasma MPO levels are closely related to the presence of angiographically-detected complex lesion morphology in patients with UAP.

Are tP53 , BRCA1 , and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes commonly mutated in survivors of Hodgkin 's disease with second primary neoplasms?

Despite features suggestive of genetic predisposition, the TP53, BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes were not frequently mutated in this cohort of HD patients developing SMNs. Larger studies of these genes or investigations of other genes involved in cellular DNA damage response pathways may identify host genetic factors that contribute to secondary tumorigenesis.

These data demonstrate that ethanol, at levels consistent with moderate consumption, enhances endothelial angiogenic activity in vitro by stimulating a novel Notch/CBF-1/RBP-JK-Ang1/Tie2-dependent pathway. These actions of ethanol may be relevant to the cardiovascular effects of alcohol consumption purported by epidemiological studies.

Does temperature influence the level of glyphosate resistance in barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa colona )?

There is reduced efficacy of glyphosate at high temperatures on resistant E. colona populations, making these populations harder to control in summer.

These findings highlight a crucial need for structural HIV interventions that incorporate targeted food assistance strategies for IDUs. Given recent evidence of poor virological response among food insecure individuals on HAART, innovative HIV care models should integrate targeted food security programs and early access to HAART.

Is preterm fetal growth restriction associated with increased parathyroid hormone-related protein expression in the fetal membranes?

Either parathyroid hormone-related protein messenger ribonucleic acid or protein expression, or both, was increased in the fetal membranes in association with fetal growth restriction in preterm but not term gestations, suggesting that parathyroid hormone-related protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of preterm fetal growth restriction.

Parental restriction of R-rated movie viewing is associated with both lower adolescent smoking susceptibility and lower smoking rates.

Are teachers' judgements of pupils' ability influenced by body shape?

There is little evidence that teachers' judgements of pupils' ability are influenced by obesity.

(213)Bi-anti-EGFR-MAb enhances cytotoxicity of X-ray irradiation in UD-SCC5 cells most probably due to effective induction of DNA double-strand breaks. Induction of genes involved in cell-cycle arrest and cell death is almost exclusively due to (213)Bi-anti-EGFR-MAb and seems to be independent of p53 function.

Are bulb syringe irrigators a potential source of bacterial contamination in chronic rhinosinusitis?

Under realistic conditions, bulb syringes are susceptible to contamination with potential bacterial pathogens, particularly when using unbuffered isotonic saline.

MVPA was significantly reduced from K to ES,in part because of a decline in MVPA during school activities. Interventions targeted to school environment modifications should be promoted.

Does saving time using FASTPAC or suprathreshold testing reduce quality of visual fields?

In healthy subjects and patients with early glaucoma, FASTPAC saves 40% of test time without a significant deterioration in defect detection, whereas 52-point suprathreshold screening is not a clinically acceptable alternative.

IL-10 can inhibit the expression of interferon regulatory factor-1 with anoxia-reoxygenation in vitro.

New onset delayed postpartum preeclampsia: different disorders?

In this comprehensive study of delayed postpartum preeclampsia, there were few significant differences in the clinical course and no differences in complications in the NOPP subgroup compared to cases with preeclampsia recurring in the late postpartum period.

VPA treatment normalizes EEGfC in IGE patients.

Is recovery from major depressive disorder episode after non-pharmacological treatment associated with normalized cytokine levels?

Cytokine plasma levels normalized during recovery from an acute depressive episode in MDD without antidepressant treatment. These findings may have implications for the understanding of the role of the immune system in depression and recovery from depression.

High expression of YB-1 is associated with poor survival in resectable ESCC patients.

Motor vehicle transportation in hip spica casts: are our patients safely restrained?

The majority of children in hip spica casts are not safely restrained when traveling in motor vehicles. Pediatric hospitals must develop better strategies to improve adherence to prescribed safe transportation protocols for patients in hip spica casts. Improved parental education, expansion of insurance coverage for restraints, hospital-based loaner programs and financial assistance to families are potential solutions to explore.

These data may provide a mechanistic model for the understanding of the oncogenic activity of mammalian cbl genes.

Is overexpression of eIF4E in colorectal cancer patients associated with liver metastasis?

The results of the present study indicated that high eIF4E levels in CRC patients predicted a high risk of liver metastasis. Knockdown of eIF4E inhibited CRC cell metastasis in part through regulating the expression of cyclin D1, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9.

The results of this study indicate that vWF does not play a substantial role in human atherogenesis.

Is repeat testing for congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants unnecessary with an appropriate thyroid stimulating hormone threshold?

No infant with a normal TSH concentration on first sampling had a TSH concentration that rose above 10 mU/l on second sampling, and no infants with a normal TSH concentration on first screening are receiving long-term thyroxine treatment. This study suggests that a second sample may not be necessary with a screening threshold of 6 mU/l.

Doripenem exhibited more potent in vitro activity against GNB blood isolates than other anti-GNB antimicrobial agents in a tertiary care center where it was infrequently prescribed compared with other carbapenems. However, its clinical utility may be limited due to the increasing number of carbapenem-resistant non-fermentative GNB infections.

Does folinic acid ameliorates retinoic acid induced teratogenicity in chick embryo?

Irrespective of the presence of folinic acid, prenatal retinoic acid exposure significantly altered the hatchability characteristics in the experimental groups compared to the control.

Prolonged cTBS has considerable clinical potential, as it has a shorter treatment duration (by a factor 8) and stronger analgesic effects than the classical high frequency protocol. Studies in patients are required to confirm the potential of this new stimulation paradigm for clinical applications.

Does arginase I enhance atherosclerotic plaque stabilization by inhibiting inflammation and promoting smooth muscle cell proliferation?

ArgI enhances the stability of atherosclerotic plaque by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and stimulating smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Our results provide in vivo evidence of the involvement of CYP3A in the disposition of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone. In addition to CYP2D6, treatment with CYP3A inhibitor(s) including itraconazole may influence clinical symptoms and risperidone side effects.

Does telomere shortening in the damaged small bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis reflect ongoing cellular senescence?

Telomere shortening and an accumulation of DNA damage coincide with increased expression of p16(INK4a) and p21(WAF1/Cip1) in the damaged bile ducts, characterize biliary cellular senescence, and may play a role in the following progressive bile duct loss in PBC.

proBDNF has an opposing role in neurite outgrowth to that of mature BDNF. Our observations suggest that proBDNF collapses neurites outgrowth and filopodial growth cones by activating RhoA through the p75NTR signaling pathway.

Does cloning and characterization of the mouse Mcoln1 gene reveal an alternatively spliced transcript not seen in humans?

Mcoln1 is highly similar to MCOLN1, especially in the transmembrane domains and ion pore region. Also, the late endosomal/lysosomal targeting signal is conserved, supporting the hypothesis that the protein is localized to these vesicle membranes. To date, there are very few reports describing species-specific splice variants. While identification of Mcoln1 is crucial to the development of mouse models for MLIV, the fact that there are two transcripts in mice suggests an additional or alternate function of the gene that may complicate phenotypic assessment.

The short-term rate of carotid restenosis of ≥50% or occlusion is ≈2.5-times more common after CAS than after CEA, a difference accounted for by an excess risk in moderate restenosis. More data with longer follow-up are needed to assess the rates of late severe restenosis and to determine the relation between restenosis and recurrent stroke over time.

Does cluster of differentiation 24 monoclonal antibody induce apoptosis in the osteosarcoma cells?

The findings showed that anti-CD24 mAb targeting therapy provides a new avenue toward treating osteosarcoma.

With the accepted usage of adjunctive CS in severe PCP, the role of CMV as a pulmonary copathogen may have changed. Active CMV infection may be an important cause of failing treatment of severe PCP in those treated with adjunctive CS.

Antibiotics for tonsillitis: should the emergency department emulate general practice?

CS was not being used in the ED to guide antibiotic prescribing for acute tonsillitis. Antibiotic prescribing was based on clinical judgement. Based on derived CS (<3), 80% of patients were inappropriately prescribed antibiotics, particularly broad-spectrum antibiotics. Further studies need to assess use of CS to guide antibiotic prescription in ED. TSs were commonly performed in the ED but did not either improve diagnosis or guide antibiotic prescription.

This hypothesis-generating study suggests that administering larger periprocedural FVs is protective against moderate to severe PEP. Prospective studies on this topic are warranted.

Is use of ultrafiltered dialysate associated with improvements in haemodialysis-associated morbidity in patients treated with reused dialysers?

Use of ultrafiltered dialysate was associated with improvements in some measures of morbidity, such as plasma beta(2)-microglubulin and nutrition. These changes occurred in spite of the presence of inflammatory stimuli, such as dialyser reuse, and with no measurable reduction in inflammation and oxidant stress.

Elevated lopinavir concentrations are associated with raised GGT.

Do asian students change their eating patterns after living in the United States?

Results of this study could be useful to dietetics practitioners as they observe changes in dietary patterns of Asian immigrants. These health professionals can use this information to plan nutrition education programs for Asian groups so that they can make informed decisions in adapting to new eating patterns and make wise food choices in their new environment. It is important to help Asian immigrants retain healthful food habits from their original country and to encourage them to choose eating patterns of the new culture that are nutritionally sound.

Lymphotactin genetic modification could enhance the in vitro immune activity of the dendritoma.

Does heavy alcohol consumption increase the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis?

Heavy alcohol consumption significantly increased the risk of HCC in HBV-related cirrhotic patients. Elevated baseline serum HBV DNA was a strong risk predictor of HCC and antiviral NUCs therapy reduced the incidence of HCC in cirrhotic patients with HBV infection and alcoholism.

Heterogeneity in the distribution of tumor blood supply affects the response to chemotherapy by influencing the intratumoral delivery of therapeutic agents. After the administration of effective doses of anticancer drugs to a tumor, cells in profusely perfused areas receive enough to destroy them while cells in the poorly perfused areas are exposed to lower drug concentrations and, therefore, survive. This phenomenon could explain in part the difficulty in the treatment of human solid tumors.

De novo muscle invasive bladder cancer: is there a change in trend?

Analysis of our data supports the findings of the earlier series that the majority of patients present with muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, there is a significant decrease in the percentage of tumors invading the muscularis propria at presentation. Although this observation is encouraging, we emphasize that it is not as dramatic as the stage migration associated with prostate cancer, which may be largely attributed to the widespread use of prostate specific antigen for early detection. Therefore, we support the suggestion that therapeutic gains might follow from improved education regarding the signs and symptoms associated with bladder cancer, with enhanced focus on women and consideration of screening methods for those at high risk for bladder cancer.

Our data suggest that in phenotypic FSHD hypomethylation is restricted to D4Z4 and that phenotypic FSHD and ICF do not share a defect in the same molecular pathway.

Does intraocular injection of kainic acid abolish the circadian rhythm of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase mRNA in rat photoreceptors?

These findings demonstrate that the circadian clock generating melatonin rhythmicity is largely KA insensitive and likely to be located in the rod photoreceptors, although KA-sensitive neurons do influence its timing. More important, our data demonstrate that dopamine rhythmicity is not necessary for generating the circadian rhythm of Aanat mRNA in the photoreceptors. Our data also indicate that Per1 and Per2 are rhythmically transcribed in the rat retina and KA treatment has a dramatic effect on the overall levels of Per2 mRNA.

Initial revascularization strategies result in significant survival advantage over MED for all CAD levels. Patients with high-severity CAD have reduced survival with PCI compared with those initially treated with CABG.

Is hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion in locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma and progressive desmoid-type fibromatosis with TNF 1 mg and melphalan ( T1-M HILP ) safe and efficient?

We confirm that 1 mg of TNF-alpha is as effective as the standard dose and results in no systemic toxicity.

CRP and IgM depositions correlated well with local complement activation, which suggests a role of these molecules in complement activation. Furthermore, C1-Inh inhibited potentially II/R injury either administered before or after ischemia, by attenuating complement activation induced by CRP and/or natural IgM antibodies.

Is carotid bifurcation geometry an independent predictor of early wall thickening at the carotid bulb?

Carotid bifurcation geometry is an independent, albeit weak, predictor of its early wall thickening, but only when assumptions about geometric factors, and the influence of disease on them, are confronted. This highlights pitfalls of previous attempts to confirm geometric risk of atherosclerosis.

We constructed a high density linkage map for A. c. cerana with 1,535 markers. Because the map is based on SNP markers, it will enable easier and faster genotyping assays than randomly amplified polymorphic DNA or microsatellite based maps used in A. mellifera.

Does heart rate deceleration after exercise predict patients most likely to respond to cardiac resynchronisation therapy?

HRD following exercise correlates with functional and echocardiographic response to CRT. Application of this parameter in addition to standard criteria may provide valuable supplementary information in the evaluation of prospective CRT candidates.

Our results suggest that metformin may have a direct effect on thecal cells' androgen production.

Does enteral sesame oil therapeutically relieve disease severity in rat experimental osteoarthritis?

Sesame oil may relieve OA-associated joint pain by inhibiting quadriceps muscular oxidative stress, at least partially, in rats.

Our present data demonstrate that, apart from the well-known neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke, citicoline also possesses a substantial neuroregenerative potential. Thanks to its multimodal effects, easy applicability, and history as a well-tolerated drug, promising possibilities of neurological treatment including chronic stroke open up.