shulijia/MNLP_STEM_mcqa_evals_ai2arc · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 14 22	question stringlengths 13 831	choices sequencelengths 3 5	answer stringclasses 4 values
ai2_arc_easy_0	Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?	[ "Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.", "Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.", "Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.", "The producers in all ecosystems are plants." ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_1	Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?	[ "safety goggles", "breathing mask", "rubber gloves", "lead apron" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_2	Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?	[ "brain cells", "bone cells", "muscle cells", "ovary cells" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_3	Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?	[ "gray", "warm", "long", "soft" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_4	Which best describes the structure of an atom?	[ "a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles", "a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles", "a network of interacting positive and negative particles", "overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_5	To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the	[ "meter.", "kilometer.", "light-year.", "astronomical unit." ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_6	A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?	[ "wash hands", "turn off all equipment", "put away all glassware", "wash instruments and table tops" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_7	Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?	[ "meters", "centimeters", "grams", "milligrams" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_8	Plants use sunlight to make	[ "soil.", "minerals.", "food.", "water." ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_9	Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?	[ "Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.", "Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.", "Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.", "Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems." ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_10	When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?	[ "Rainfall increases.", "Sunlight is reduced.", "Wind speed increases.", "Animal migration is stopped." ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_11	The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?	[ "taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body", "releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body", "absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body", "collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_12	A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?	[ "electricity", "gravity", "magnetism", "tension" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_13	Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?	[ "planting trees", "water pollution", "rainfall", "sunlight" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_14	All living and nonliving material is composed of	[ "air", "elements", "water", "soil" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_15	Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?	[ "folding", "erosion", "deposition", "sedimentation" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_16	As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?	[ "birds that eat fish from shallow waters", "fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters", "mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters", "crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_17	A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is	[ "some of the water was absorbed by the dish.", "the air condensed.", "the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "the water evaporated." ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_18	Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?	[ "pulley", "lever", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_19	When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will	[ "erode.", "foliate.", "precipitate.", "recrystallize." ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_20	A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?	[ "Primary Succession", "Stable Communities", "Climax Communities", "Secondary Succession" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_21	Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?	[ "water", "soil", "air", "sunlight" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_22	Which is a statement about climate?	[ "The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.", "The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.", "The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.", "The average high temperature in May is 20°C." ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_23	While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?	[ "gravity", "wind velocity", "kinetic energy", "potential energy" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_24	Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?	[ "binoculars", "microscope", "reading glasses", "magnifying glass" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_25	Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?	[ "developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation", "limiting the amount of background research before the investigation", "designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation", "obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_26	Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?	[ "less water", "fewer predators", "lack of shelter", "limited food" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_27	Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.	[ "pollen", "dormant", "flowers", "recycled" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_28	What allows a light bulb to give off light?	[ "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_29	What causes sound?	[ "sunlight", "vibrations", "x-rays", "pitch" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_30	Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?	[ "Sunflower plant", "Mushroom", "Sunfish", "Luna moth" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_31	In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must	[ "take in light.", "be specialized.", "take in nutrients.", "be of similar size." ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_32	Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?	[ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_33	Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?	[ "Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.", "Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.", "Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.", "Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today." ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_34	Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?	[ "The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory", "The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory", "The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory", "The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_35	When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be	[ "fair.", "stormy.", "foggy.", "rainy." ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_36	Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?	[ "iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.", "sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.", "helium, neon, argon, krypton.", "carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen." ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_37	New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?	[ "remove the old theory from historical records", "change the research notes in the original theory", "use the new information to update the old theory", "ban the public from discussing the old theory" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_38	Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?	[ "capable of reproducing by meiosis", "ability to reproduce without a mate", "ability to produce genetically different offspring", "capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_39	The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the	[ "distance between the vibration source and the receiver.", "type of material through which the sound travels.", "size of the object making the sound.", "type of device making the sound." ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_40	Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?	[ "Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Darwin", "Sir Isaac Newton" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_41	During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?	[ "gases", "rocks", "elements", "molecules" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_42	When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?	[ "winter", "spring", "summer", "fall" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_43	A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?	[ "The climate was once colder.", "The shells were carried by the wind.", "The mountain was covered by water.", "The shells once lived on dry land." ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_44	A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by	[ "observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves", "examining the plants for spores", "counting the number of leaves on each stalk", "noticing if the plants are near rocks" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_45	Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?	[ "by freezing the leaves on trees", "by causing rocks to stick together", "by turning acid rain into acid snow", "by freezing water in the cracks of rocks" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_46	A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?	[ "The mass of the atom increases.", "The atom becomes an isotope.", "The atomic number decreases.", "The atom becomes a positive ion." ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_47	A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?	[ "Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months", "Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day", "Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years", "Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_48	On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?	[ "earplugs", "rubber gloves", "goggles", "lead aprons" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_49	In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?	[ "lever", "pulley", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_50	Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?	[ "meter stick, spring scale", "balance, stopwatch", "balance, meter stick", "meter stick, stopwatch" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_51	Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?	[ "radio wave emissions", "a wobble in the rotation of the star", "regular occurring eclipses of its moons", "the discovery of a star as large as our own" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_52	During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?	[ "conduction", "deposition", "erosion", "revolution" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_53	The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts	[ "land on the Moon", "orbit a planet", "return to Earth", "walk in space" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_54	A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?	[ "It boils.", "It melts.", "It dissolves.", "It evaporates." ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_55	Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?	[ "low density", "high energy", "massive nuclei", "circular movement" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_56	A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce	[ "chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "radiant energy.", "sound energy." ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_57	Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?	[ "They live in the same habitat and niche.", "They forage and eat the same type of food.", "They mate and produce fertile offspring.", "They are similar in appearance and color." ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_58	Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?	[ "Jupiter", "Mercury", "Saturn", "Uranus" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_59	Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?	[ "digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_60	During which activity should a student wear goggles?	[ "writing a science report", "mixing baking soda with water", "measuring the length of a shadow", "examining a leaf with a microscope" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_61	Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?	[ "water", "fertilizer", "herbicide", "insecticide" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_63	What are genes composed of?	[ "offspring", "DNA", "cells", "traits" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_64	In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?	[ "chemical", "physical", "magnetic", "electric" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_65	Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?	[ "light and sound", "electrical and sound", "chemical and light", "chemical and electrical" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_66	The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by	[ "rivers flooding along a coastal plain.", "erosion and weathering.", "earthquakes and waves.", "rocks melted underground by lava." ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_67	A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use	[ "coal.", "wind.", "wood.", "natural gas." ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_68	Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by	[ "ocean currents.", "aquatic plants.", "surface winds.", "tectonic plates." ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_69	Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?	[ "leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_70	Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?	[ "strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_71	Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.	[ "leaves", "flowers", "roots", "seeds" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_72	Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?	[ "iron", "granite", "clay", "wood" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_73	Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?	[ "how to find food in garbage cans", "how to hibernate during the winter", "how to seek shelter in a hollow log", "how to live in human neighborhoods" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_74	A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's	[ "swimming speed.", "body temperature.", "chance of survival.", "visibility to predators." ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_75	In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?	[ "mammals", "fungi", "insects", "plants" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_76	Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?	[ "chickens that naturally make the antibiotics", "microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics", "microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics", "chickens that are resistant to infection" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_77	A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?	[ "to form a good hypothesis", "to increase the accuracy of the results", "to make the results more significant", "to better explain the investigation to others" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_78	A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?	[ "weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks", "pressure on the rock formation inside Earth", "a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded", "a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_79	Earth orbiting the Sun causes	[ "the changing of the seasons.", "daily tidal cycles.", "day to become night.", "the phases of the Moon." ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_80	The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of	[ "the Moon revolving around Earth.", "Earth revolving around the Sun.", "the Moon rotating on its axis.", "Earth rotating on its axis." ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_81	Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?	[ "weight", "hair color", "blood type", "handedness" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_82	Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?	[ "Nitrogen is chemically inert.", "Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.", "Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.", "Argon is unable to react with water." ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_83	DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?	[ "identifying genetic disorders", "determining the parts of an atom", "observing distant objects in space", "making very accurate measurements" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_84	Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?	[ "constant weathering and erosion", "extreme pressure and heating", "rapid burial of sediments", "slow cooling of magma" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_85	Which event helps to renew a resource?	[ "A seed is planted from a tree.", "An offshore rig pumps oil.", "A car is filled with gasoline.", "An office is heated with coal." ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_86	Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?	[ "root", "stem", "flower", "leaf" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_87	A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?	[ "kinetic energy converted to potential energy", "chemical energy converted to kinetic energy", "chemical energy converted to thermal energy", "thermal energy converted to potential energy" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_88	Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?	[ "parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism", "neutralism" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_89	Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?	[ "a robin that builds a nest", "an owl that calls at night", "a duck that swims in water", "a goose that migrates in winter" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_90	Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?	[ "barometer", "hygrometer", "anemometer", "weather vane" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_91	An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of	[ "circulation", "competition", "mutation", "respiration" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_92	The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes	[ "the Moon to revolve once", "the Moon to rotate once", "Earth to rotate once", "Earth to revolve once" ]	D
ai2_arc_easy_93	When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will	[ "decrease", "increase", "remain the same" ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_94	A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will	[ "evaporate sooner.", "take longer to increase in temperature.", "condense over a longer period.", "chemically break down at a faster rate." ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_95	Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?	[ "eating", "breathing", "running", "sleeping" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_96	Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?	[ "Archaebacteria", "Fungi", "Plantae", "Protista" ]	A
ai2_arc_easy_97	A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?	[ "Integumentary and endocrine systems", "Muscular and respiratory systems", "Nervous and muscular systems", "Skeletal and nervous systems" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_98	Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?	[ "Their shapes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes change when they are in different containers.", "Their volumes stay the same in any container.", "Their volumes change when they are in different containers." ]	B
ai2_arc_easy_99	When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?	[ "learned behavior", "migration instinct", "response to stimuli", "reproductive strategy" ]	C
ai2_arc_easy_100	Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?	[ "synthesis of enzymes", "formation of cellulose", "breakdown of glucose", "active transport of ions" ]	B

ai2_arc_easy_0

Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?

[ "Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.", "Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.", "Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.", "The producers in all ecosystems are plants." ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_1

Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?

[ "safety goggles", "breathing mask", "rubber gloves", "lead apron" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_2

Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?

[ "brain cells", "bone cells", "muscle cells", "ovary cells" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_3

Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?

[ "gray", "warm", "long", "soft" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_4

Which best describes the structure of an atom?

[ "a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles", "a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles", "a network of interacting positive and negative particles", "overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_5

To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the

[ "meter.", "kilometer.", "light-year.", "astronomical unit." ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_6

A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?

[ "wash hands", "turn off all equipment", "put away all glassware", "wash instruments and table tops" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_7

Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?

[ "meters", "centimeters", "grams", "milligrams" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_8

Plants use sunlight to make

[ "soil.", "minerals.", "food.", "water." ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_9

Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?

[ "Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.", "Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.", "Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.", "Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems." ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_10

When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?

[ "Rainfall increases.", "Sunlight is reduced.", "Wind speed increases.", "Animal migration is stopped." ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_11

The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?

[ "taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body", "releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body", "absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body", "collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_12

A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?

[ "electricity", "gravity", "magnetism", "tension" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_13

Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?

[ "planting trees", "water pollution", "rainfall", "sunlight" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_14

All living and nonliving material is composed of

[ "air", "elements", "water", "soil" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_15

Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?

[ "folding", "erosion", "deposition", "sedimentation" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_16

As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?

[ "birds that eat fish from shallow waters", "fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters", "mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters", "crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_17

A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is

[ "some of the water was absorbed by the dish.", "the air condensed.", "the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "the water evaporated." ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_18

Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?

[ "pulley", "lever", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_19

When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will

[ "erode.", "foliate.", "precipitate.", "recrystallize." ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_20

A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?

[ "Primary Succession", "Stable Communities", "Climax Communities", "Secondary Succession" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_21

Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?

[ "water", "soil", "air", "sunlight" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_22

Which is a statement about climate?

[ "The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.", "The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.", "The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.", "The average high temperature in May is 20°C." ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_23

While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?

[ "gravity", "wind velocity", "kinetic energy", "potential energy" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_24

Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?

[ "binoculars", "microscope", "reading glasses", "magnifying glass" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_25

Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?

[ "developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation", "limiting the amount of background research before the investigation", "designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation", "obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_26

Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?

[ "less water", "fewer predators", "lack of shelter", "limited food" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_27

Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.

[ "pollen", "dormant", "flowers", "recycled" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_28

What allows a light bulb to give off light?

[ "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_29

What causes sound?

[ "sunlight", "vibrations", "x-rays", "pitch" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_30

Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?

[ "Sunflower plant", "Mushroom", "Sunfish", "Luna moth" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_31

In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must

[ "take in light.", "be specialized.", "take in nutrients.", "be of similar size." ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_32

Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?

[ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_33

Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?

[ "Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.", "Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.", "Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.", "Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today." ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_34

Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?

[ "The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory", "The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory", "The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory", "The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_35

When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be

[ "fair.", "stormy.", "foggy.", "rainy." ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_36

Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?

[ "iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.", "sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.", "helium, neon, argon, krypton.", "carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen." ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_37

New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?

[ "remove the old theory from historical records", "change the research notes in the original theory", "use the new information to update the old theory", "ban the public from discussing the old theory" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_38

Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?

[ "capable of reproducing by meiosis", "ability to reproduce without a mate", "ability to produce genetically different offspring", "capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_39

The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the

[ "distance between the vibration source and the receiver.", "type of material through which the sound travels.", "size of the object making the sound.", "type of device making the sound." ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_40

Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?

[ "Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Darwin", "Sir Isaac Newton" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_41

During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?

[ "gases", "rocks", "elements", "molecules" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_42

When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?

[ "winter", "spring", "summer", "fall" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_43

A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?

[ "The climate was once colder.", "The shells were carried by the wind.", "The mountain was covered by water.", "The shells once lived on dry land." ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_44

A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by

[ "observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves", "examining the plants for spores", "counting the number of leaves on each stalk", "noticing if the plants are near rocks" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_45

Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?

[ "by freezing the leaves on trees", "by causing rocks to stick together", "by turning acid rain into acid snow", "by freezing water in the cracks of rocks" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_46

A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?

[ "The mass of the atom increases.", "The atom becomes an isotope.", "The atomic number decreases.", "The atom becomes a positive ion." ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_47

A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?

[ "Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months", "Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day", "Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years", "Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_48

On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?

[ "earplugs", "rubber gloves", "goggles", "lead aprons" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_49

In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?

[ "lever", "pulley", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_50

Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?

[ "meter stick, spring scale", "balance, stopwatch", "balance, meter stick", "meter stick, stopwatch" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_51

Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?

[ "radio wave emissions", "a wobble in the rotation of the star", "regular occurring eclipses of its moons", "the discovery of a star as large as our own" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_52

During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?

[ "conduction", "deposition", "erosion", "revolution" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_53

The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts

[ "land on the Moon", "orbit a planet", "return to Earth", "walk in space" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_54

A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?

[ "It boils.", "It melts.", "It dissolves.", "It evaporates." ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_55

Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?

[ "low density", "high energy", "massive nuclei", "circular movement" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_56

A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce

[ "chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "radiant energy.", "sound energy." ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_57

Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?

[ "They live in the same habitat and niche.", "They forage and eat the same type of food.", "They mate and produce fertile offspring.", "They are similar in appearance and color." ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_58

Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?

[ "Jupiter", "Mercury", "Saturn", "Uranus" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_59

Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?

[ "digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_60

During which activity should a student wear goggles?

[ "writing a science report", "mixing baking soda with water", "measuring the length of a shadow", "examining a leaf with a microscope" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_61

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?

[ "water", "fertilizer", "herbicide", "insecticide" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_63

What are genes composed of?

[ "offspring", "DNA", "cells", "traits" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_64

In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?

[ "chemical", "physical", "magnetic", "electric" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_65

Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?

[ "light and sound", "electrical and sound", "chemical and light", "chemical and electrical" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_66

The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by

[ "rivers flooding along a coastal plain.", "erosion and weathering.", "earthquakes and waves.", "rocks melted underground by lava." ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_67

A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use

[ "coal.", "wind.", "wood.", "natural gas." ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_68

Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by

[ "ocean currents.", "aquatic plants.", "surface winds.", "tectonic plates." ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_69

Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?

[ "leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_70

Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?

[ "strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_71

Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.

[ "leaves", "flowers", "roots", "seeds" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_72

Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?

[ "iron", "granite", "clay", "wood" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_73

Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?

[ "how to find food in garbage cans", "how to hibernate during the winter", "how to seek shelter in a hollow log", "how to live in human neighborhoods" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_74

A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's

[ "swimming speed.", "body temperature.", "chance of survival.", "visibility to predators." ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_75

In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?

[ "mammals", "fungi", "insects", "plants" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_76

Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?

[ "chickens that naturally make the antibiotics", "microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics", "microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics", "chickens that are resistant to infection" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_77

A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?

[ "to form a good hypothesis", "to increase the accuracy of the results", "to make the results more significant", "to better explain the investigation to others" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_78

A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?

[ "weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks", "pressure on the rock formation inside Earth", "a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded", "a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_79

Earth orbiting the Sun causes

[ "the changing of the seasons.", "daily tidal cycles.", "day to become night.", "the phases of the Moon." ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_80

The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of

[ "the Moon revolving around Earth.", "Earth revolving around the Sun.", "the Moon rotating on its axis.", "Earth rotating on its axis." ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_81

Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?

[ "weight", "hair color", "blood type", "handedness" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_82

Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?

[ "Nitrogen is chemically inert.", "Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.", "Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.", "Argon is unable to react with water." ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_83

DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?

[ "identifying genetic disorders", "determining the parts of an atom", "observing distant objects in space", "making very accurate measurements" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_84

Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?

[ "constant weathering and erosion", "extreme pressure and heating", "rapid burial of sediments", "slow cooling of magma" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_85

Which event helps to renew a resource?

[ "A seed is planted from a tree.", "An offshore rig pumps oil.", "A car is filled with gasoline.", "An office is heated with coal." ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_86

Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?

[ "root", "stem", "flower", "leaf" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_87

A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?

[ "kinetic energy converted to potential energy", "chemical energy converted to kinetic energy", "chemical energy converted to thermal energy", "thermal energy converted to potential energy" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_88

Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?

[ "parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism", "neutralism" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_89

Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?

[ "a robin that builds a nest", "an owl that calls at night", "a duck that swims in water", "a goose that migrates in winter" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_90

Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?

[ "barometer", "hygrometer", "anemometer", "weather vane" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_91

An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of

[ "circulation", "competition", "mutation", "respiration" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_92

The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes

[ "the Moon to revolve once", "the Moon to rotate once", "Earth to rotate once", "Earth to revolve once" ]

D

ai2_arc_easy_93

When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will

[ "decrease", "increase", "remain the same" ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_94

A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will

[ "evaporate sooner.", "take longer to increase in temperature.", "condense over a longer period.", "chemically break down at a faster rate." ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_95

Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?

[ "eating", "breathing", "running", "sleeping" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_96

Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?

[ "Archaebacteria", "Fungi", "Plantae", "Protista" ]

A

ai2_arc_easy_97

A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?

[ "Integumentary and endocrine systems", "Muscular and respiratory systems", "Nervous and muscular systems", "Skeletal and nervous systems" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_98

Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?

[ "Their shapes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes change when they are in different containers.", "Their volumes stay the same in any container.", "Their volumes change when they are in different containers." ]

B

ai2_arc_easy_99

When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?

[ "learned behavior", "migration instinct", "response to stimuli", "reproductive strategy" ]

C

ai2_arc_easy_100

Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?

[ "synthesis of enzymes", "formation of cellulose", "breakdown of glucose", "active transport of ions" ]

B