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12:30 PM-9 PM
Check-out time is 10 AM
Express check-in/out
The front desk is open daily from 8:30 AM - 2 PM There is no after-hours reception at this property. Guests arriving late won't be able to check in until the next morning.
24-hour airport shuttle service is available. Contact the property in advance to get details.
Guests should notify this property in advance of their anticipated arrival time. Please contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.Transfers
Airport shuttle (available 24 hours) *
Cruise terminal shuttle *
Parking
Other information
Smoke-free propertyNearby hotels
City House, Rome's small print 215 reviews
City House, Rome
Excellent4.0 / 5
Good Room Great Neighborhood
They were very sweet and accommodating. Our only problem was with the bathroom. They have old plumbing that doesn't work well, so there were a lot of rules but even then things broke and water poured into the restaurant below.
Jun 26, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review
Katherine, US2 night romance trip
City House, Rome
Excellent4.0 / 5
Excellent Central Location!
no elevator up the stairs. Breakfast was the same thing every morning (yogurt, croissant and Melba toast and juice/coffee/tea). Still, I loved this place and would stay here in a heartbeat. The location is just outside the Pantheon, and walking distance to the Trevi Fountain, Colosseum, Vatican, etc. Being right in the middle of the heart of the city was wonderful! Don't even think about driving a car in the city. The whole downtown is a ZTL (limited traffic zone), so take the hotel up on their offer to arrange a shuttle that picks you up and drops you off at the doorstep. The price is regulated by the city and is the same as a taxi, which at the time of this review was 48 Euro. It was money well spent. As I said, this is not a conventional hotel, but we loved our stay here, and if I'm ever in Rome again, I will definitely stay here.
Jun 5, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review
Kevin, US3 night family trip
City House, Rome
Excellent4.0 / 5
Excellent location, comfortable and accomodating.
Daniela had arranged transportation for us from the airport which worked out wonderfully and I highly reccommend for first time Rome visitors such as us. Since Daniela had just had a baby her husband and mother facilitated our stay; efficiently and pleasantly. I would recommend the City (Pantheon) House to future travelers.
Apr 24, 2016Genuine Hotels.com guest review
LEEAN, US2 night trip with friends
City House, Rome
Excellent4.0 / 5
The location was Awesome!
This vacation was for my oldest daughter, my bestie and myself. It was only for a 2 1/2 day in Rome since we were seeing other parts of Italy. It was a great location for everything we wanted to do. Daniella is great and commodated us. A simple breakfast was provided in our room while we got ready for the day.
Dec 15, 2015Genuine Hotels.com guest review
Leah, US2 night trip with friends
City House, Rome
Outstanding5.0 / 5
Great Owner & Location
I stayed with my friend for 3 nights. Only a block away from the Pantheon, we couldn't have chosen a better location. Daniella, the owner was very efficient and took care of all our comforts. The rooms are clean and comfortable, with a decent breakfast. The owner gave us directions and important locations to not be missed. Overall, had a very nice and comfortable stay and would definitely go back.
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350-018 Questions & Answers
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ALBERT SCHWEITZER Biography - Theater, Opera and Movie personalities
Albert Schweitzer (January 14, 1875-September 4, 1965) entered into his intensive theological studies in 1893 at the University of Strasbourg where he obtained a doctorate in philosophy in 1899. He began preaching at St. Nicholas Church in Strasbourg in 1899; he served in various high ranking administrative posts from 1901 to 1912 in the Theological College of St. Thomas, the college he had attended at the University of Strasbourg. In 1906 he published the Quest of the Historical Jesus, a book on which muich of his fame as a theological scholear rests.
From his professional engagements he earned funds for his education, particularly his later madical schooling, and for his african hospital.
Having decided to go to Africa as a medical missionary rather than as a pastor, Schweitzer in 1905 began the study of medicine at the University of Strasbourg. In 1913, having obtained his M.D. degree. But in 1917 he and his wife were sent to a French internment camp as prisoners of war. Released in 1918, Schweitzer spent the next six years in Europe.
Schweitzer returned to Lambarene in 1924 and except for relatively short periods of time, spent the remainder of his life there. With the funds earned from his own royalties and personal appearance fees and with those donaed from all parts of the world, he expanded the hospital to seventy buildings which by the early 1960's could take care of over 500 patients in residence at any one time.
At Lambarene, Schweitzer was doctor and surgeon in the hospital, pastor of a congregation, administrator in the hospital, pastor of congregation, administrator of a village, superintendent of buildings and grounds, writer of scholarly books, commentator on contemporary history, musician, host to countless visitors. The honours he recei8ved were numerous, including the Goethe Prize of Frankfurt and honorary doctorates from many universities emphasizing one of another of his achievem ents. The Nobel Peace Prize for 1952, hav ing been withheld in that yaar, was given to him on December 10, 1953. With the $33,000 prize money, he started the leprosarium at Lambarene.
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82662015eng1711797articleUniversitätsverlag PotsdamPotsdam0------ICT Competencies for School StudentsThis paper discusses results from a small-scale research
study, together with some recently published research into student
perceptions of ICT for learning in schools, to consider relevant skills
that do not appear to currently being taught. The paper concludes by
raising three issues relating to learning with and through ICT that need
to be addressed in school curricula and classroom teaching.KEYCIT 2014 - Key Competencies in Informatics and ICT1868-0844 (print)2191-1940 (online)urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-82663online registrationAnthony JonesenguncontrolledLearning with ICTenguncontrolledstudent perceptionsenguncontrolledstudent experienceDatenverarbeitung; InformatikInstitut für Informatik und Computational ScienceOpen AccessCID (2015) 07Full PapersUniversität Potsdam
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https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/export/index/index/searchtype/collection/id/17101/start/0/rows/50/facetNumber_subject/all/has_fulltextfq/true/subjectfq/student+experience/export/xml/stylesheet/example
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11 Year Old Devout Athiest
My 11 year old daughter has just gotten a Facebook page (I know I know 13 is the age limit.) and she`s been having a blast playing games and chatting with her classmates online (Apparently I`m not the only one who could care less about age limits)
I just checked on her page for the 15th time today and see she has added "Devout Atheist" boldly displayed on her profile page.
<Sigh>
My atheism has caused many problems for my daughter most of which revolve around the fact that all my neighbors were very freindly and she played with the numerous kids in the neighborhood up and until my Devout Christian neighbors discovered my atheism.
Now she`s a leper and none of the kids in the neighborhood are allowed to play with her because she is of course satans child and will lead their kids into the very depths of hell.
Now her classmates parents will undoubtedly see that she`s a "devout atheist" and I fear the same ostracization will occur.
My wife wants it removed from her page.
I don`t want to give her any reason to believe there is shame in what she thinks she believes/disbelieves (I realize she`s 11 and may very well be a baptist preacher by the time she`s 22 but for now she claims atheism undoubtedly due to my beliefs)
You have to understand this kid isn`t your average 11 year old and neither are her classmates they`re all gifted with 130 or above IQ`s and in special classes running special critical thinking competitions and the whole parent/teacher/student/ situation in this class is very tight knit.
Most of them could perform well at high school levels in many areas.
She`s adamant she won`t remove it and I`m at a loss as I`ve always told her she should never be ashamed of whatever she believes about anything.
I`ve informed her she runs the risk of being ostracized in the same manner she was in our neighborhood and she just doesn`t give a damn.
She says that if they can`t accept her for what she is she doesn`t want their acceptance.
This of course fills me with so much pride I could burst but I really don`t want her tight knit "family" that the class has become over the past few years to shun her as it would truly hurt her.
I`m not worried about the kids reactions as truthfully most of them are smarter than their parents but I`m worried about what the parents might do or make their kids do.
She did the right thing... It's just the consequences that aren't fair. She did fine; if she wanted to be a devout atheist (remember DEVOUT) she should stick up for that, just like people do when they are devout liberals or devout conservatives. And never get ashamed at herself for that, be ashamed at the neighbors who ignorantly shame her for being in another religion that has not harmed them.
Premium Member
No, she did the juvenile thing which, in her case, is reasonable. It's sad nevertheless.
Click to expand...
Please expand on this deut.
Please?
Click to expand...
First, thanks for calling me deut - it's been a long time.
In my opinion ...I'm not trying to argue the validity of either position in this thread. I'm simply trying to present the Christian argument as clear as possible. Understand that most Christian parents do not want their kids around people who could potentially lead their kids away from what they believe is the truth. Why? Because they believe that=hell. It's not out of hatred that they try to keep a safe distance from you and your family, it's out of fear. Most of these Christian parents probably wouldn't want their kids hanging out with any children other than other Christian children. If you were Muslim or Jewish you'd probably be dealing with the same situation. For your kid to really be considered acceptable as a playmate for the Christian children she'd probably have to lie and call herself a Christian. She might be able to sneak in by calling herself a theist (being very ambiguous about the specific type of theism). My attitude is that we as 21st century Westerners spoil our kids. In the Middle Ages, kids that were 8 years old would be working full time and they'd get married at 12. There's was a very harsh world yet they persevered. IMO, you should let your daughter be welcomed into the real world. Better that than live a lie. What kind of a lesson will it teach your daughter to lie about who she is in order to be welcomed. I've never been a parent but I am someone who's had their teeth kicked in on a constant basis since my earliest days. If you knew more about my life I guarantee you wouldn't challenge that claim. It's time to be a warrior I say.
Premium Member
Most are unaware of religious scholarship and incapable of evaluating its worth. Their 'atheism' is necessarily shallow.....
Click to expand...Click to expand...
I agree which is why I mentioned she could be a baptist by 22 but damn she`s headstrong.
Considering her path so far she does indeed fall victim to the seduction you speak of.
I don`t think there`s anyway to get her past that other than letting her take the lumps that comes along with it until she learns.
... and I bet she'll turn out great.
Click to expand...
Oh yeah she`ll be just fine, it`s what she`s doing to me that worries me.
Thank you Deut
Thanks for the input everyone.
I think the consensus here is right for the most part and I`m going to let it be for now and hope for the best.
It`s so easy for me to take the crap that comes with my beliefs but it`s so hard to see her try and walk the same path regardless of the weak foundation hers lie upon.Click to expand...
I like a thinking atheist.
I would consider Nietzsche to be a religious scholar that proves the atheist argument quite convincingly. I don't think that there's been anyone like him, and maybe there never will be.
An atheist may not "need" Nietzsche, but he certainly will strengthen the atheist's spiritual experience.
Premium Member
I like a thinking atheist.
I would consider Nietzsche to be a religious scholar that proves the atheist argument quite convincingly. I don't think that there's been anyone like him, and maybe there never will be.
An atheist may not "need" Nietzsche, but he certainly will strengthen the atheist's spiritual experience.
Click to expand...
I never needed proof of atheism....only a lack thereof for alternatives.
Might have to read that Neetshee fella some day though....just to see what the hubbub is all about.
Then there's the Conan The Barbarian connection too.
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Alteya Launches an Award-Winning Certified Organic Bulgarian Rose Water and Other Select Flower Waters at Whole Foods and Specialized Retailers
Los Angeles CA (PRWEB) March 24 2013 At the 2013 Natural Products Expo West Alteya Organics a beauty company with its own organic rose farm in the heart of the Bulgarian Rose Valley announced the launch of its award-winning pure USDA Organic Bulgarian Flower Waters at Whole Foods Market MOM's Organic Market and other select organic stores. The products ar
At the 2013 Natural Products Expo West, Alteya Organics, a beauty company with its own organic rose farm in the heart of the Bulgarian Rose Valley, announced the launch of its award-winning pure USDA Organic Bulgarian Flower Waters at Whole Foods Market, MOM's Organic Market and other select organic stores. The products are also available at AlteyaOrganics.com and Amazon.com.
Obtained via a proprietary steam-distillation of fresh organic aromatic plants, Alteya's flower waters carry the complexity, therapeutic, skin care properties and synergy of fresh flowers. A gentler form of aromatherapy, these flower waters are mild moisturizers and widely used as face and skin toners. Initially, the flower water line will include Pink (Bulgarian) Rose, White Rose, Lavender and Mellissa waters. Chamomile water will also be added to the mix shortly.
Alteya's pure USDA Organic Bulgarian Rose Water is amongst world's most sought-after flower waters due to its multiple applications in skin care, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. It is considered "Nature's Best Natural Moisturizer" and is also therapeutic- and food-grade.
The rose water combined with the other flower waters create a fragrant set for every need:
Bulgarian Rose Water (Rosa damascena): renowned for its rejuvenating, moisturizing and balancing effects on skin
White Rose Water (Rosa alba): known for its delicate aroma, moisturizing, uplifting and skin softening properties
Bulgarian Lavender Water (Lavandula angustifolia): used to cleanse, tone the skin and relax the mind
Melissa Water (Lemon Balm Water): used to calm troublesome skin, also refreshing and energizing
"Distillation of flower waters and the rose essential oil (rose otto) are a science and an art at the same time" said Nikolay Kolev, Alteya's co-founder and business development manager. "Roses, for example are very delicate flowers and it is very difficult but important to preserve all their valuable therapeutic properties." Alteya's distillation process based on 400-year old traditions and new scientific methods is more complex and expensive to perform than standard distillation. However it ensures higher quality, therapeutic-grade products. Alteya's organic massage oils are also based on the exquisite Bulgarian rose otto and Lavender oil, which are used by many specialized spa salons and aromatherapy professionals.
The organic cultivation of roses is much harder compared to conventional farming that uses mostly synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Organic agriculture also requires more manpower. With its long-term projects in the Rose Valley, Alteya Organics provides the local villages and gypsies with employment and a healthy work environment so they can provide for themselves and their families. Additionally, Alteya announced that 5% from all profits from the sales at Whole Foods Market will go towards projects specifically aimed at improving the life and educational opportunities for the young people from the Village of Jagoda, in Bulgaria which is the center of Alteya's rose oil production
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cfea52e9-472a-4f47-8672-58373a4d1787
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http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/Alteya-Launches-an-Award-Winning-Certified-Organic-Bulgarian-Rose-Water-and-Other-Select-Flower-Waters-at-Whole-Foods-and-Specialized-Retailers-102508-1/
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Air Conditioner Service Near Me
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Reviews & ratings for Air Conditioner Service Near Me
miami air and electric is very trained tech that answered all my question
Thanks to Dan for fast, resolution to A/C concern. I know its summer and very busy but he was able to arrive quickly. Go...
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bottled water quality test
The Importance of Regularly Testing Bottled Water Quality
Bott is not always the case. Just like tap water, bottled water can vary in terms of its quality and safety.
One way to ensure that the bottled water you are consuming is safe and of high quality is to regularly test it. Testing bottled water can help to identify any potential contaminants or impurities that may be present in the water. This can help to protect your health and ensure that you are getting the best possible quality water.
There are a few different ways that you can test the quality of bottled water. One option is to use a home testing kit, which can be purchased at many hardware or home improvement stores. These kits typically come with instructions on how to collect a water sample and test it for various contaminants. While home testing kits can be a convenient and cost-effective option, they may not always provide the most accurate results.
Another option is to send a sample of your bottled water to a certified laboratory for testing. These laboratories have the equipment and expertise to test for a wide range of contaminants, including bacteria, heavy metals, and chemicals. While this option may be more expensive than using a home testing kit, it can provide more accurate and reliable results.
Regularly testing bottled water is important for several reasons. First and foremost, it can help to ensure that the water you are consuming is safe and free from harmful contaminants. Contaminated water can cause a range of health problems, from minor stomach upset to more serious illnesses. By testing your bottled water regularly, you can help to protect yourself and your family from these potential health risks.
In addition to protecting your health, testing bottled water can also help to ensure that you are getting the best possible quality water. Bottled water is not always regulated as strictly as tap water, which means that there may be variations in quality between different brands and types of bottled water. By testing your water regularly, you can ensure that you are getting the best possible quality water for your money.
Overall, regularly testing bottled water is an important step in ensuring that you are consuming safe and high-quality water. Whether you choose to use a home testing kit or send a sample to a certified laboratory, testing your water can help to protect your health and ensure that you are getting the best possible quality water. By making testing a regular part of your routine, you can enjoy the peace of mind that comes with knowing that your bottled water is safe and free from contaminants.
How to Conduct a DIY Bottled Water Quality Test at Home
Bottled water has become a popular choice for many people who are looking for a convenient and portable way to stay hydrated. However, not all bottled water is created equal, and there have been concerns raised about the quality of some brands. If you are worried about the quality of the bottled water you are drinking, you may want to consider conducting a DIY bottled water quality test at home.
There are a few different methods you can use to test the quality of your bottled water. One of the simplest and most effective ways is to use a water testing kit. These kits are readily available online or at your local hardware store and are relatively easy to use. Most kits come with instructions on how to test for various contaminants, such as bacteria, lead, chlorine, and pH levels.
To conduct a water quality test using a testing kit, you will need to collect a sample of the bottled water you want to test. Make sure to follow the instructions provided with the kit carefully, as the testing process may vary depending on the contaminants you are testing for. Once you have collected your sample, you can use the testing kit to determine if there are any harmful contaminants present in the water.
Another method you can use to test the quality of your bottled water is to send a sample to a certified laboratory for analysis. Many laboratories offer water testing services for a fee, and they can provide you with detailed information about the quality of your water. This method is more accurate than using a testing kit, as laboratories have specialized equipment and trained professionals who can detect even trace amounts of contaminants in the water.
If you are concerned about the quality of your bottled water but do not want to spend money on a water testing kit or laboratory analysis, there are a few simple tests you can do at home to get a general idea of the water's quality. One test you can try is a taste test. Good quality water should taste clean and refreshing, without any strange or off-putting flavors. If the water tastes odd or unpleasant, it may be a sign that there are contaminants present.
You can also conduct a visual inspection of the bottled water. Hold the bottle up to the light and look for any particles or sediment floating in the water. Good quality water should be clear and free of any visible impurities. If you see any particles or sediment in the water, it may be a sign that the water is not as pure as it should be.
In conclusion, testing the quality of your bottled water is an important step in ensuring that you are drinking safe and clean water. Whether you choose to use a water testing kit, send a sample to a laboratory, or conduct simple tests at home, it is essential to know what is in the water you are consuming. By taking the time to test the quality of your bottled water, you can have peace of mind knowing that you are making a healthy choice for yourself and your family.
Post navigation
Similar PostsFactors Affecting PH Machine Price When it comes to purchasing a pH machine, there are several factors that can influence the price you pay. Understanding these factors can help you make an informed decision and ensure that you get the best value for your money. One of the most significant factors that can affect the
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Here's what they don't teach at art school.
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When nations go to war,
design is in the frontline.
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Skills that in peacetime
are devoted to making the world a better place
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are used in wartime to devise
better ways for people to kill each other.
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lt's what you might call ''a guilty secret''.
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One thing that wartime does
to the design process is to acceIerate it.
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It acceIerates the industriaI process and the
process of creating, shaping, machines, objects.
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The Second World War
was a global clash of politics and ideology.
9
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And at the heart of this struggle lay,
as ever, a brutal design contest.
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Our instinct as regimentaI soIdiers
at that time was,
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''We're not going to stand much of a chance
against this sort of thing.''
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This gun cost
two pounds seven shiIIings to make.
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The Russians make weII over
60,000 T34 tanks.
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00:01:34,007 --> 00:01:39,240
They recommended office work,
but I said, ''No, I want to be a weIder.
15
00:01:39,287 --> 00:01:42,836
That's an important job,
and that's what I want to do.''
16
00:01:42,887 --> 00:01:45,242
I had no idea what it was.
17
00:01:48,007 --> 00:01:52,603
ln this ''total war'',
excellence would be pitted against ingenuity,
18
00:01:53,327 --> 00:01:55,966
innovation against industrial muscle.
19
00:01:56,847 --> 00:02:02,922
At stake was not just the fate of the world
but the shape of the world to come.
20
00:02:07,247 --> 00:02:12,640
So this chair is sort of the payoff
for aII the work that they did during the war.
21
00:02:13,767 --> 00:02:16,918
PeopIe aIways Iook at this chair and say,
''It Iooks uncomfortabIe.''
22
00:02:16,967 --> 00:02:19,162
And I just say, you know, ''WeII, have a seat.''
23
00:02:19,207 --> 00:02:22,324
And then when you sit in it, it's just great.
24
00:02:45,367 --> 00:02:48,165
This is a programme about death...
25
00:02:50,407 --> 00:02:52,398
..by design.
26
00:02:53,407 --> 00:02:57,525
From bows and arrows to guided missiles,
27
00:02:57,567 --> 00:03:03,278
the history of warfare is about humans
devising better ways to kill each other.
28
00:03:08,567 --> 00:03:12,685
Most of the popuIar interest in war, of course,
particuIarIy in the Second WorId War,
29
00:03:12,727 --> 00:03:15,924
is about battIes, about heroes, about dramas.
30
00:03:18,247 --> 00:03:21,717
What we Iose sight of
is the fact that those men in the fieId,
31
00:03:21,767 --> 00:03:24,281
the weapons they're wieIding,
the pIanes they're fIying,
32
00:03:24,327 --> 00:03:29,037
are onIy possibIe because back home
somebody has thought very Iong and hard
33
00:03:29,087 --> 00:03:30,725
about how to design those weapons.
34
00:03:32,327 --> 00:03:34,716
ln the lead-up to the Second World War,
35
00:03:34,767 --> 00:03:37,998
no-one thought as deeply
about the strategic power of design...
36
00:03:39,487 --> 00:03:40,840
..as the Nazis.
37
00:03:41,887 --> 00:03:47,359
From the moment of their takeover in 1 933,
they retooled Germany...
38
00:03:48,967 --> 00:03:51,037
..into a military machine,
39
00:03:51,087 --> 00:03:55,444
designed to deliver the Thousand Year Reich.
40
00:03:55,487 --> 00:04:00,117
You can't expIain the success of the Nazi regime
41
00:04:00,167 --> 00:04:01,919
in conquering most of Europe
42
00:04:01,967 --> 00:04:03,559
in a very short time
43
00:04:03,607 --> 00:04:06,041
unIess you understand that use of design
44
00:04:06,087 --> 00:04:08,282
in some very sophisticated ways.
45
00:04:11,727 --> 00:04:14,446
The Nazis inherited an industrial base
46
00:04:14,487 --> 00:04:18,719
that already boasted of the superiority
of its products through design.
47
00:04:19,887 --> 00:04:25,519
Supremacy ripe for appropriation
by the self-proclaimed ''Master Race''.
48
00:04:29,887 --> 00:04:35,041
But Germany hadn't always enjoyed
such a reputation for excellence.
49
00:04:41,687 --> 00:04:44,440
The critiques internationaIIy said aIways
50
00:04:44,487 --> 00:04:47,559
German goods were very cheap
and very tasteIess.
51
00:04:47,607 --> 00:04:52,362
And so the weapon
couId be seen as an earIy Iobby group
52
00:04:52,407 --> 00:04:55,080
to change this reputation in Germany
53
00:04:55,127 --> 00:04:58,403
that everything
which comes from Germany is just bad.
54
00:04:59,967 --> 00:05:03,323
Founded in 1 907, the Deutsche Werkbund
55
00:05:03,367 --> 00:05:06,564
was committed to overturning
this embarrassing reputation.
56
00:05:09,567 --> 00:05:11,080
Leading by example,
57
00:05:11,127 --> 00:05:14,403
its members set out to redefine the meaning...
58
00:05:14,447 --> 00:05:16,039
of ''Made in Germany''.
59
00:05:19,087 --> 00:05:25,799
This is a water kettIe, designed by Peter
Behrens for the company AEG in Germany.
60
00:05:26,527 --> 00:05:34,286
And this water kettIe was produced in a series
with a possibIe over 80 variants.
61
00:05:34,327 --> 00:05:38,036
There are three different uses of metaI,
62
00:05:38,087 --> 00:05:40,521
three different shapes,
63
00:05:40,567 --> 00:05:42,125
three different sizes
64
00:05:42,167 --> 00:05:47,799
and three different ways
of how the surface is formed.
65
00:05:52,207 --> 00:05:55,756
Peter Behrens' work for electrical company AEG
66
00:05:56,687 --> 00:05:58,882
was a landmark project.
67
00:05:58,927 --> 00:06:02,715
He created a new AEG typeface,
68
00:06:02,767 --> 00:06:04,723
branding for its products
69
00:06:04,767 --> 00:06:07,281
and even designed its factories.
70
00:06:07,327 --> 00:06:11,559
A corporate identity overhaul, the first of its kind.
71
00:06:18,167 --> 00:06:22,797
This wasjust one of a series of collaborations
between designers and industry,
72
00:06:24,047 --> 00:06:25,685
promoted by the Werkbund...
73
00:06:27,567 --> 00:06:32,436
..that championed this integrated
total design for the modern age.
74
00:06:34,127 --> 00:06:41,078
In the Werkbund there was the idea, if you want
to put forward the industriaI production of goods,
75
00:06:41,127 --> 00:06:46,884
you aIso have to think about how it Iooks Iike
and what signature it couId have.
76
00:06:50,567 --> 00:06:58,281
In just a few decades, Germany's cheap and
nasty reputation was systematicaIIy overturned.
77
00:06:59,367 --> 00:07:04,122
An IndustriaI Standards unit was set up, which
meant that industry wouId be standardised.
78
00:07:04,167 --> 00:07:09,241
The size of steps, the size of paper,
the size of fiIing cabinets.
79
00:07:09,287 --> 00:07:16,318
By 1 933, what was in pIace was a very secure
sense that standardisation in design,
80
00:07:16,367 --> 00:07:21,646
a functionaI approach to
the kind of rationaI organisation of industry,
81
00:07:21,687 --> 00:07:25,521
became integraI to pubIic and private Iife,
82
00:07:25,567 --> 00:07:28,081
even if the German citizen wasn't aware of it.
83
00:07:35,367 --> 00:07:39,406
But there was one piece of industrial design
from the early 1 930s
84
00:07:39,447 --> 00:07:42,200
that no German citizen would miss.
85
00:07:48,767 --> 00:07:51,327
lt was made here, in Wolfsburg.
86
00:07:53,487 --> 00:07:55,955
(Speaks ItaIian)
87
00:07:56,007 --> 00:07:58,157
TRANSLATOR: There is no other product...
88
00:07:58,207 --> 00:08:00,482
Let's be cIear about this.
89
00:08:00,527 --> 00:08:05,726
There is no other product that is as compIex
but as simpIe to use as a car.
90
00:08:18,647 --> 00:08:20,558
ln 1 936,
91
00:08:20,607 --> 00:08:23,075
the prototype for a new car was completed.
92
00:08:25,447 --> 00:08:29,235
Designed by renowned race car engineer
Ferdinand Porsche,
93
00:08:30,287 --> 00:08:33,962
it would become the most successful car
in the world.
94
00:08:35,847 --> 00:08:39,362
This is one of the first prototypes
of a true BeetIe.
95
00:08:40,807 --> 00:08:42,445
Form foIIows function.
96
00:08:42,487 --> 00:08:46,560
Nothing more.
It was a very, very simpIe car, very basic.
97
00:08:46,607 --> 00:08:51,283
In that time,
we Iooked for this streamIined design
98
00:08:51,327 --> 00:08:55,559
to give the passengers enough space
inside the car,
99
00:08:55,607 --> 00:08:58,405
to find enough space for an engine at the rear...
100
00:09:00,127 --> 00:09:03,961
..and to give them enough space
aIso for their heads.
101
00:09:04,007 --> 00:09:07,682
I'm very Iong
but I've no probIem to sit in that car.
102
00:09:10,087 --> 00:09:13,284
Beneath the Beetle's simple but striking design
103
00:09:14,007 --> 00:09:17,841
lay a master class
in the German pursuit of excellence.
104
00:09:20,967 --> 00:09:24,437
The design of a BeetIe is a timeIess one.
105
00:09:24,487 --> 00:09:28,400
And this point quaIity,
quaIity, everywhere quaIity.
106
00:09:28,447 --> 00:09:32,042
PeopIe trusted in the quaIity of that car
107
00:09:32,087 --> 00:09:36,126
and that's why this car and this company
was so successfuI.
108
00:09:38,327 --> 00:09:42,764
ln fact, the Beetle would redefine
the meaning of success.
109
00:09:45,087 --> 00:09:49,205
By 1 955,
one million had rolled off the production line.
110
00:09:51,727 --> 00:09:56,403
25 years later, that figure had topped 20 million,
111
00:09:56,447 --> 00:09:59,359
making it the most successful car in the world.
112
00:10:03,047 --> 00:10:05,561
But there's a darker side to the Beetle story.
113
00:10:07,287 --> 00:10:11,963
As the Deutsche Werkbund had recognised,
design is about communication.
114
00:10:13,367 --> 00:10:14,766
And in pre-war Germany,
115
00:10:14,807 --> 00:10:19,961
this cute-looking car conveyed
a carefully calculated political message
116
00:10:20,887 --> 00:10:22,878
on behalf of its client.
117
00:10:24,127 --> 00:10:30,441
HitIer used the VoIkswagen most specificaIIy
around the ceIebration of his birthday
118
00:10:30,487 --> 00:10:33,126
and he aIso ran an eIection campaign
119
00:10:33,167 --> 00:10:36,284
suggesting
that he'd given the nation the VoIkswagen,
120
00:10:36,327 --> 00:10:39,603
therefore they shouId give him their vote.
121
00:10:42,127 --> 00:10:46,882
Hitler's interest in the Volkswagen
wasjust one example of the Nazi Party's
122
00:10:46,927 --> 00:10:50,806
sophisticated understanding
of the symbolic potential of design...
123
00:10:52,167 --> 00:10:54,840
..to communicate ideas and ideology,
124
00:10:56,407 --> 00:11:02,562
an appreciation directly appropriated
from Germany's recent industrial past.
125
00:11:04,887 --> 00:11:07,765
There was a sophisticated awareness
of the power of the symboI
126
00:11:07,807 --> 00:11:11,561
in the sense that had been
deveIoped in commerciaI contexts.
127
00:11:11,607 --> 00:11:13,404
Going back to the Werkbund,
128
00:11:13,447 --> 00:11:15,836
Peter Behrens had thought very deepIy
129
00:11:15,887 --> 00:11:18,242
about how you instiI an identity
130
00:11:18,287 --> 00:11:22,439
in a mundane object Iike a Iamp or a fan.
131
00:11:22,487 --> 00:11:28,756
So what happens is that that interest in identity
goes up severaI notches
132
00:11:28,807 --> 00:11:31,401
and is appIied to a nation state.
133
00:11:37,047 --> 00:11:40,642
Imagery, aesthetics, branding,
caII it whatever you Iike,
134
00:11:40,687 --> 00:11:46,284
the whoIe thing can be seen as an earIy
extremeIy powerfuI and very sinister essay
135
00:11:46,327 --> 00:11:48,602
in what's now known as corporate identity.
136
00:11:52,687 --> 00:11:55,645
They wanted to give a sense of power.
137
00:11:55,687 --> 00:11:58,997
You know,
they wanted to Iook, not just miIitary-effective,
138
00:11:59,047 --> 00:12:01,880
but they wanted to overawe their enemies.
139
00:12:05,447 --> 00:12:08,519
lt took just nine months
for the German war machine
140
00:12:08,567 --> 00:12:11,081
to blitzkrieg its way to the coast of France.
141
00:12:14,367 --> 00:12:18,246
Pushed out at Dunkirk
and facing imminent invasion,
142
00:12:18,287 --> 00:12:21,643
the British were forced to rethink
their approach to design.
143
00:12:28,887 --> 00:12:32,562
By June 1 940,
Britain had been soundIy kicked out of Europe.
144
00:12:34,807 --> 00:12:37,401
We were in desperate need
of submachine guns.
145
00:12:40,727 --> 00:12:46,006
And on the 1 2th December, 1 940,
a man caIIed HaroId John Turpin
146
00:12:46,047 --> 00:12:52,202
sat at his kitchen tabIe
and designed this, the Mark I Sten Gun.
147
00:13:03,247 --> 00:13:05,602
Germany had smashed through Europe,
148
00:13:05,647 --> 00:13:09,879
with weapons that spoke of quality design
and cutting-edge technology.
149
00:13:11,327 --> 00:13:15,479
But with high-grade materials
and skilled workers in short supply,
150
00:13:15,527 --> 00:13:19,759
the British had no choice
but to take the low road.
151
00:13:21,807 --> 00:13:26,961
This is HaroId John Turpin's first prototype,
seriaI number 1 .
152
00:13:27,847 --> 00:13:32,762
The main tube was virtuaIIy exhaust pipe tube.
153
00:13:33,647 --> 00:13:40,519
The screws are BA sizes,
avaiIabIe in any hardware shop in the country.
154
00:13:40,567 --> 00:13:46,802
The mainspring was made by FIexIo,
bedspring-makers.
155
00:13:47,727 --> 00:13:54,678
Nothing on this gun was forged or machined
with expensive machine tooIs.
156
00:13:54,727 --> 00:13:57,116
It was aII punched and fabricated.
157
00:13:59,367 --> 00:14:04,885
This was ingenious improvisation
but it wasn't simple enough.
158
00:14:06,167 --> 00:14:09,477
Because it used wood and was fuII Iength,
159
00:14:10,927 --> 00:14:13,521
Mr Turpin was toId to simpIify it.
160
00:14:13,567 --> 00:14:15,683
And he did.
161
00:14:15,727 --> 00:14:17,683
He came up with this,
162
00:14:17,727 --> 00:14:19,718
the Mark II Sten Gun.
163
00:14:24,887 --> 00:14:26,445
Easy to assemble...
164
00:14:29,047 --> 00:14:30,321
..and use,
165
00:14:34,607 --> 00:14:38,361
the Mark ll was a flat-pack submachine gun.
166
00:14:40,327 --> 00:14:45,924
This gun cost
two pounds seven shiIIings to make.
167
00:14:45,967 --> 00:14:51,439
It is cheap and it is nasty,
but it does exactIy what it was made to do.
168
00:14:52,847 --> 00:14:58,205
lssued to troops at home, and parachuted
into Nazi occupied Europe by the thousand,
169
00:14:59,967 --> 00:15:03,357
the Sten became the signature weapon
of Allied resistance.
170
00:15:05,247 --> 00:15:09,957
And it signified a radical departure
from the traditions of British design.
171
00:15:12,807 --> 00:15:16,117
Push it down, and back.
172
00:15:18,647 --> 00:15:20,160
The Sten Gun emerged in Britain
173
00:15:20,207 --> 00:15:24,917
immediateIy after the withdrawaI of
the British troops from France after Dunkirk.
174
00:15:27,887 --> 00:15:29,798
And in a way it was a great shock for Britain
175
00:15:29,847 --> 00:15:33,442
to have to Iearn to design instantIy, rapidIy,
just Iike that,
176
00:15:33,487 --> 00:15:39,164
and to get away from a comfortabIe,
oId Victorian, Georgian craft skiIIed worId
177
00:15:39,207 --> 00:15:41,277
into one of brutaI mass production.
178
00:15:44,527 --> 00:15:49,362
But the British Iearned,
for a need for survivaI by instinct partIy,
179
00:15:49,407 --> 00:15:51,318
to tighten up the design process,
180
00:15:51,367 --> 00:15:53,676
to get rid of some of that beautifuI craft.
181
00:15:54,767 --> 00:15:55,995
When you get to a Sten Gun,
182
00:15:56,047 --> 00:16:00,723
this is now design manufacturing
that can be just produced Iike that.
183
00:16:00,767 --> 00:16:03,076
You can produce them
as fast as you can fire them!
184
00:16:08,047 --> 00:16:13,246
And so that intense simpIicity
meant it couId be manufactured by anyone
185
00:16:13,287 --> 00:16:20,125
from PoIish underground resistance workers
to the smartest oId factory in Britain.
186
00:16:23,847 --> 00:16:28,637
A factory, for example,
like this one in Merton, South London,
187
00:16:29,767 --> 00:16:34,522
whose pre-war output
was a world away from military hardware.
188
00:16:40,967 --> 00:16:48,726
We made pedaI motor cars, doIIs, soft toys,
bicycIes and tricycIes, FairycycIes,
189
00:16:48,767 --> 00:16:51,918
aeropIanes, rockets, and aII these things.
190
00:16:56,407 --> 00:16:59,956
It was most certainIy the Iargest toy factory
in Great Britain.
191
00:17:00,007 --> 00:17:03,477
It was aImost certainIy the Iargest toy factory
in the worId.
192
00:17:05,847 --> 00:17:12,958
Lines Brothers, makers of Tri-ang toys,
began manufacturing Sten Gun parts in 1 94 1.
193
00:17:15,327 --> 00:17:20,401
Founder and toy designer Walter Lines
immediately saw ways to improve it.
194
00:17:21,847 --> 00:17:27,205
One of the things that my father noticed
was the Sten Gun,
195
00:17:28,407 --> 00:17:30,284
and he Iooked at it and he said,
196
00:17:30,327 --> 00:17:32,795
''Oh, no, that's not the right way to make that.''
197
00:17:32,847 --> 00:17:40,356
So he redesigned it compIeteIy, without having
previousIy designed a gun in his Iife, of course.
198
00:17:40,407 --> 00:17:48,883
And he took it to the Ministry of Defence and
got an order in fact for haIf a miIIion on the spot.
199
00:17:52,247 --> 00:17:57,401
Thanks to the toy-maker's refinement,
and the skills of the Tri-ang workforce,
200
00:17:57,447 --> 00:18:01,599
the number of parts was reduced from 69 to 48.
201
00:18:02,807 --> 00:18:06,516
And production costs for the Mark lll
fell still further.
202
00:18:07,687 --> 00:18:10,963
A welcome case of more bangs for your buck.
203
00:18:13,687 --> 00:18:17,441
But the make do and mend approach
came at a price.
204
00:18:17,487 --> 00:18:19,478
Many soldiers hated their Stens.
205
00:18:20,327 --> 00:18:25,117
They had a tendency to misfire if dropped,
jam at critical moments.
206
00:18:25,927 --> 00:18:29,203
And their aim was reputedly less than true.
207
00:18:33,327 --> 00:18:38,606
With its back to the wall, perfectionism
was a luxury Britain just couldn't afford.
208
00:18:39,687 --> 00:18:43,919
But that didn't mean that every piece of
wartime design was compromised.
209
00:18:53,607 --> 00:18:57,361
While the toy-makers of Merton
churned out the unloved Sten,
210
00:18:58,247 --> 00:19:04,482
furniture-makers in the Home Counties
were occupied with a thing of real beauty.
211
00:19:06,207 --> 00:19:09,005
There was a whoIe workforce of carpenters,
woodworkers,
212
00:19:09,047 --> 00:19:12,357
who weren't being utiIised
in the same way aII the metaIworkers were.
213
00:19:14,847 --> 00:19:18,681
OSGERB Y: There was a scarcity
of materiaIs and a scarcity of expertise.
214
00:19:18,727 --> 00:19:20,683
Huge pressure to deIiver something
215
00:19:20,727 --> 00:19:25,881
which answered specifications which had
never been achieved before by mankind.
216
00:19:27,967 --> 00:19:30,197
That's why design is the opposite of art.
217
00:19:32,247 --> 00:19:35,762
When you're engaged in design
which is invoIving industriaI production,
218
00:19:37,367 --> 00:19:40,882
you are given constraints
and there's aIways a cIock ticking.
219
00:19:42,527 --> 00:19:46,315
But I think that those constraints
energise the design process.
220
00:19:50,847 --> 00:19:52,997
- It's very authentic, isn't it?
- IncredibIe.
221
00:19:53,047 --> 00:19:55,038
- Quite a machine, eh?
- Wow!
222
00:19:59,367 --> 00:20:01,801
Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby
223
00:20:01,847 --> 00:20:05,362
run one of Britain's
Ieading contemporary design companies.
224
00:20:06,487 --> 00:20:10,560
Today, they've come to see
a groundbreaking piece of aviation history,
225
00:20:14,007 --> 00:20:15,998
one which rewrote the rule book.
226
00:20:29,967 --> 00:20:34,279
The fastest aircraft from 1 941 to '45 -
227
00:20:34,327 --> 00:20:36,522
faster than your Spitfire and Hurricane.
228
00:20:37,367 --> 00:20:39,961
The Mosquito was known famousIy
as the ''wooden wonder''.
229
00:20:40,007 --> 00:20:44,922
A very high speed twin-engined aircraft
that wouId be unarmed.
230
00:20:44,967 --> 00:20:46,878
It wouId be an unarmed Iight bomber.
231
00:20:46,927 --> 00:20:49,680
And the reason it was unarmed
was to keep weight down,
232
00:20:49,727 --> 00:20:54,642
but it wouId fIy so fast and so high that it couId
whiz off to BerIin and bomb the Germans
233
00:20:54,687 --> 00:20:59,158
and whiz back without being intercepted
by German fighters.
234
00:20:59,207 --> 00:21:01,801
If you tap that, you'II feeI it's aII wood, timber.
235
00:21:01,847 --> 00:21:02,962
(taps)
236
00:21:03,007 --> 00:21:10,004
It was the first truIy dynamic uItra-high speed
modern warpIane made of wood.
237
00:21:10,047 --> 00:21:13,437
The finest piece of furniture
this country's ever buiIt.
238
00:21:13,487 --> 00:21:14,886
FIying furniture!
239
00:21:17,127 --> 00:21:21,120
The Mosquito was the brainchild
of the De Havilland Aircraft Company.
240
00:21:24,487 --> 00:21:27,206
Made almost entirely from plywood,
241
00:21:27,247 --> 00:21:31,957
it used a minimal amount of the metal
that was more urgently needed for munitions,
242
00:21:32,927 --> 00:21:38,604
and brought an otherwise redundant industry
to the frontline of wartime production.
243
00:21:38,647 --> 00:21:42,196
Who best can make these things for us?
244
00:21:42,247 --> 00:21:46,957
- Wood, a certain IeveI of craft skiII invoIved?
- It's a singIe wing, right through the fuseIage.
245
00:21:47,007 --> 00:21:50,317
So it's not Iike a Iot of aircraft
where you put two individuaI wings on.
246
00:21:50,367 --> 00:21:53,439
It's a singIe wing,
which gives it a Iot more of its strength.
247
00:21:53,487 --> 00:21:56,797
Why not use
something Iike the furniture industry,
248
00:21:56,847 --> 00:22:02,080
which is spIit up into many, many tiny IittIe
craft workshops, IittIe factories, around an area,
249
00:22:02,127 --> 00:22:06,086
therefore safe from German bombing,
by and Iarge,
250
00:22:06,127 --> 00:22:08,482
and abIe to keep production running,
251
00:22:08,527 --> 00:22:10,643
and with aII the skiIIs that you needed?
252
00:22:10,687 --> 00:22:13,838
There are onIy four boIts
which hoId the fuseIage and wing together.
253
00:22:13,887 --> 00:22:16,799
- And that's one of them there.
- That's reaIIy incredibIe.
254
00:22:16,847 --> 00:22:19,839
That just Iooks Iike something
you'd put some sheIves up with.
255
00:22:19,887 --> 00:22:22,321
So, the furniture industry in Britain,
256
00:22:22,367 --> 00:22:28,124
most of it then based, as it is today, around
High Wycombe, was abIe to make aircraft.
257
00:22:28,167 --> 00:22:29,998
Now, that's a reaI piece of genius!
258
00:22:31,367 --> 00:22:33,358
Ooh, wow, it's a bit tight in here.
259
00:22:34,607 --> 00:22:38,759
Versatile, reliable, and astonishingly quick,
260
00:22:38,807 --> 00:22:44,518
the Mosquito was adapted for use
as a reconnaissance, fighter and bomber plane.
261
00:22:44,567 --> 00:22:47,445
It's reaIIy, reaIIy cooI.
262
00:22:47,887 --> 00:22:50,082
lt travelled at over 400 miles per hour,
263
00:22:51,207 --> 00:22:53,357
much faster than the larger bombers,
264
00:22:53,407 --> 00:22:57,320
but delivered a payload
comparable to the Flying Fortress,
265
00:22:57,367 --> 00:23:01,201
consumed less fuel and used fewer crew.
266
00:23:01,727 --> 00:23:03,718
Over 7,000 Mosquitoes were built,
267
00:23:04,487 --> 00:23:08,765
and it ended the war with the lowest loss rate
of any Allied bomber.
268
00:23:09,727 --> 00:23:14,517
Not bad for a design project
that the experts dismissed as sheer madness.
269
00:23:14,567 --> 00:23:17,559
JAY OSGERB Y:
Sometimes I think being an industriaI designer
270
00:23:17,607 --> 00:23:21,236
gives you the abiIity to put forward ideas
which might be ridicuIed.
271
00:23:21,287 --> 00:23:25,803
So the idea of proposing a wooden pIane
that's based on one wing, with things fitted to it,
272
00:23:25,847 --> 00:23:27,678
might have seemed frankIy ridicuIous.
273
00:23:27,727 --> 00:23:31,083
And it was deemed to be ridicuIous
by the Ministry of Defence at the time.
274
00:23:31,127 --> 00:23:34,358
But it provided firsts, design firsts.
275
00:23:34,407 --> 00:23:37,956
We're today very famiIiar
with the idea of composite construction.
276
00:23:38,007 --> 00:23:40,202
This pIane was buiIt in exactIy that way,
277
00:23:40,247 --> 00:23:42,966
with thin Iayers of pIywood,
with baIsa wood in between.
278
00:23:43,007 --> 00:23:46,886
And not onIy that, we've just found out that it's...
it was the first SteaIth pIane
279
00:23:46,927 --> 00:23:48,838
that was aImost invisibIe to enemy radar
280
00:23:48,887 --> 00:23:50,366
because it was made of wood.
281
00:23:52,367 --> 00:23:54,164
Bedspring manufactures,
282
00:23:54,927 --> 00:23:57,157
toy designers,
283
00:23:57,207 --> 00:23:58,765
furniture-makers,
284
00:23:59,407 --> 00:24:03,241
this was the secret army
that kept Britain in the war.
285
00:24:09,447 --> 00:24:13,406
And just like the Nazis,
the British needed a propaganda machine
286
00:24:13,447 --> 00:24:19,238
to explain, exhort and motivate
when the going got tough.
287
00:24:19,287 --> 00:24:23,200
If this is ''totaI war''
and you're invoIving citizens at every IeveI,
288
00:24:23,247 --> 00:24:26,922
there are probIems that are needed to be soIved
that hadn't arisen before.
289
00:24:26,967 --> 00:24:31,404
So it's not Iike seIIing soap powder
or raiIway journeys.
290
00:24:31,447 --> 00:24:35,679
It's how do you aIert peopIe to the fact that
they need to behave differentIy in the bIackout?
291
00:24:40,687 --> 00:24:42,996
How do you aIert peopIe to the fact that
292
00:24:43,047 --> 00:24:45,800
they shouIdn't touch unexpIoded bombs?
293
00:24:50,727 --> 00:24:55,164
There are new issues that designers
were the best pIaced peopIe to soIve,
294
00:24:55,207 --> 00:24:58,916
and so that's why you get this
kind of fantastic combination
295
00:24:58,967 --> 00:25:02,676
of sort of visuaI acuity but aIso this reaI urgency,
296
00:25:02,727 --> 00:25:04,763
because this isn't a commerciaI enterprise.
297
00:25:04,807 --> 00:25:08,004
This is something that matters
to the Iife of the nation.
298
00:25:10,647 --> 00:25:13,002
The messages may have been mundane,
299
00:25:13,807 --> 00:25:17,959
but they spoke the democratic language
of the people's war...
300
00:25:19,047 --> 00:25:22,756
..and anticipated the egalitarian spirit
of the Welfare State.
301
00:25:23,607 --> 00:25:27,520
They were graphic expressions
of a new British identity
302
00:25:27,567 --> 00:25:30,843
that was being forged by war,
303
00:25:30,887 --> 00:25:34,243
even though
many of them were the work of foreigners.
304
00:25:39,527 --> 00:25:42,439
My father ArnoId was born in Germany
305
00:25:42,487 --> 00:25:45,399
and in 1 933, at the age of 1 4,
306
00:25:45,447 --> 00:25:50,521
he feIt that the sort of poIitics of Germany
was getting somewhat unstabIe
307
00:25:50,567 --> 00:25:56,324
and he persuaded his mother
that they shouId Ieave Germany,
308
00:25:56,367 --> 00:26:00,565
and move to EngIand
where they had some famiIy aIready.
309
00:26:01,807 --> 00:26:08,076
SuddenIy one day in 1 940, he was arrested
and he was interned in Canada.
310
00:26:08,127 --> 00:26:12,166
He was shipped back to Britain Iate in 1 941 ,
311
00:26:12,207 --> 00:26:17,406
and he was commissioned
to design some posters for RoSPA,
312
00:26:17,447 --> 00:26:20,325
which was the RoyaI Society
for the Prevention of Accidents.
313
00:26:25,087 --> 00:26:26,918
The ''Germs Invade'' poster
314
00:26:26,967 --> 00:26:32,087
is one of the, sort of, most amazing posters
that I think my father had ever designed.
315
00:26:32,967 --> 00:26:36,846
You've got the Swastika,
you've got a very earIy Germanic typeface.
316
00:26:40,247 --> 00:26:41,805
And then you've got this very soIid
317
00:26:41,847 --> 00:26:44,486
''Get First Aid And Don't HeIp The Enemy''.
318
00:26:49,967 --> 00:26:51,798
There are a Iot of meanings
319
00:26:51,847 --> 00:26:53,485
within this poster.
320
00:26:54,887 --> 00:26:58,402
And this was a year or so after he'd come back
from being interned in Canada,
321
00:26:58,447 --> 00:27:02,520
which, from my memories of him taIking about it,
was not the most pIeasant pIace to have been.
322
00:27:04,007 --> 00:27:05,998
To be producing work of this nature
323
00:27:06,407 --> 00:27:09,399
at that point in your Iife,
having just gone through what he had,
324
00:27:09,447 --> 00:27:12,120
I think sort of, to me, is sort of quite remarkabIe.
325
00:27:13,647 --> 00:27:18,880
While Britain muddled through
on desperation, improvisation,
326
00:27:18,927 --> 00:27:21,441
and the odd dash of native or imported genius,
327
00:27:22,887 --> 00:27:28,962
Germany continued its quest for victory
through the relentless pursuit of quality.
328
00:27:31,047 --> 00:27:33,720
The delirious successes of the blitzkrieg
329
00:27:33,767 --> 00:27:38,283
had convinced Hitler that only the development
of a ''master race'' of weapons
330
00:27:38,327 --> 00:27:41,399
would deliver the knock-out blow he craved.
331
00:27:42,767 --> 00:27:45,839
An ideology embodied
by a fearsome military machine,
332
00:27:47,207 --> 00:27:52,839
unleashed on Allied forces
during the Desert War in 1 943.
333
00:28:03,607 --> 00:28:06,565
We knew what we were going to do.
We knew what the enemy was
334
00:28:06,607 --> 00:28:09,565
or we thought we knew
what the enemy was and where it was.
335
00:28:11,367 --> 00:28:13,164
And we went in two troops up -
336
00:28:13,207 --> 00:28:15,596
my troop, which was 4 Troop on the Ieft,
337
00:28:15,647 --> 00:28:19,640
and 3 Troop, Ied by a friend of mine, AIan Lott,
on the right.
338
00:28:22,007 --> 00:28:25,397
Everything was going smoothIy
and we were trudging aIong quite happiIy
339
00:28:25,447 --> 00:28:28,007
when there was an enormous expIosion
on the right side
340
00:28:28,047 --> 00:28:31,801
and I saw AIan Lott's tank bIown up
and he bIown out of the turret.
341
00:28:33,967 --> 00:28:35,195
Had massive burning.
342
00:28:35,247 --> 00:28:37,317
He was terribIy burnt.
343
00:28:37,367 --> 00:28:41,918
WeII, before I had any time to do anything at aII
about it, my own tank was hit.
344
00:28:46,407 --> 00:28:48,284
It reaIIy didn't affect me aII that much.
345
00:28:48,327 --> 00:28:51,080
What did affect me was seeing AIan Lott
and his condition,
346
00:28:51,127 --> 00:28:55,325
and that feeIing of guiIt
that I'd survived and he hadn't.
347
00:29:00,167 --> 00:29:01,805
In fact, I think I couId say
348
00:29:01,847 --> 00:29:07,160
that I went back to my bivvy that night
and had a thoroughIy good cry.
349
00:29:10,767 --> 00:29:14,237
Peter Gudgin's battalion had been unlucky.
350
00:29:15,127 --> 00:29:21,123
lt had run up against one of the most advanced
military weapons of the war, the Tiger l tank.
351
00:29:21,887 --> 00:29:23,957
Only one working model survives today
352
00:29:24,887 --> 00:29:30,757
and it's the very same vehicle
that killed Peter's friend 70 years ago,
353
00:29:30,807 --> 00:29:33,560
Tiger Tank number 1 31.
354
00:29:38,447 --> 00:29:41,245
This was the most impressive tank
I had ever seen.
355
00:29:41,287 --> 00:29:44,006
I couIdn't beIieve it was so big and so powerfuI.
356
00:29:44,767 --> 00:29:48,077
I think the most impressive thing about it,
apart from its sheer size,
357
00:29:48,127 --> 00:29:49,560
was the enormous gun.
358
00:29:50,487 --> 00:29:52,398
And that was an anti-aircraft gun,
359
00:29:52,447 --> 00:29:54,199
which they used in an anti-tank roIe,
360
00:29:54,247 --> 00:29:58,798
and had a fantasticaIIy accurate
and heavy sheII.
361
00:30:02,687 --> 00:30:06,475
Our instinct,
as regimentaI soIdiers at that time was,
362
00:30:06,527 --> 00:30:09,997
we're not going to stand much of a chance
against this sort of thing.
363
00:30:19,607 --> 00:30:21,325
The formidable Tiger
364
00:30:21,367 --> 00:30:23,801
was the result of a design competition,
365
00:30:23,847 --> 00:30:29,080
initiated by Hitler between people's car designer
Ferdinand Porsche
366
00:30:29,127 --> 00:30:32,517
and engineering firm Henschel.
367
00:30:33,287 --> 00:30:37,724
On this occasion, engineering muscle
prevailed over design brilliance,
368
00:30:37,767 --> 00:30:44,240
and Henschel's design
was unveiled on Hitler's birthday in 1 942.
369
00:30:46,007 --> 00:30:51,957
HitIer in the 1 930s Iooks at the tank
as having tremendous symboIic power.
370
00:30:52,007 --> 00:30:58,242
He sees this tank as symboIising the resurgence
and the might of the new Nazi Germany.
371
00:30:59,727 --> 00:31:04,517
As a 60-ton piece of propaganda,
the Tiger was a huge success.
372
00:31:05,287 --> 00:31:11,522
When Tiger 1 31 was captured in the Tunisian
desert in 1 943, the Tommies were awestruck,
373
00:31:11,567 --> 00:31:14,684
celebrating its capture
as if it were an enemy general.
374
00:31:15,807 --> 00:31:19,846
Back in England,
the Army commissioned a full design report,
375
00:31:19,887 --> 00:31:25,917
and called in an experienced tank commander
recently invalided out from the frontline.
376
00:31:27,087 --> 00:31:30,966
I was amazed to find my oId friend the Tiger
that had knocked me out
377
00:31:31,007 --> 00:31:33,567
coming back for examination by me.
378
00:31:34,607 --> 00:31:38,282
So I entered that with great enthusiasm.
I wanted to know what made it work.
379
00:31:43,807 --> 00:31:46,162
It is beautifuIIy engineered aII the way through.
380
00:31:47,287 --> 00:31:50,484
The sheer detaiIed design they put into it.
381
00:31:51,567 --> 00:31:57,722
The steering gear, the transmission, the
gearbox, the suspension, aII the torsion bars,
382
00:31:57,767 --> 00:32:03,285
the way they'd machined aII the armour faces
before they weIded them together.
383
00:32:03,327 --> 00:32:08,720
BeautifuIIy engineered, very soIid job,
but a waste of time.
384
00:32:11,567 --> 00:32:14,127
There was a tradition in German engineering
and design
385
00:32:14,167 --> 00:32:17,000
where the most sophisticated was the best.
386
00:32:17,047 --> 00:32:19,686
And they just couId not stop it.
387
00:32:19,727 --> 00:32:21,319
And the probIem for the Germans was
388
00:32:21,367 --> 00:32:26,725
that they came up with these ideas for ever more
powerfuI, ever more sophisticated tanks,
389
00:32:26,767 --> 00:32:30,157
but to do that, they required
ever more time to think them through,
390
00:32:30,207 --> 00:32:33,597
ever more engineering skiIIs, ever greater cost.
391
00:32:35,607 --> 00:32:38,360
At a cost of 250,000 Reichsmark,
392
00:32:39,727 --> 00:32:44,243
the Tiger was more than twice the price
of any German tank to date.
393
00:32:46,127 --> 00:32:50,643
lt boasted power steering,
sophisticated transmission,
394
00:32:50,687 --> 00:32:52,996
even a fully illustrated owner's manual.
395
00:32:54,247 --> 00:32:56,203
But in the grinding war of attrition
396
00:32:56,247 --> 00:32:59,842
that had
developed since Hitler's invasion of Russia,
397
00:32:59,887 --> 00:33:01,878
it was a luxury item.
398
00:33:04,407 --> 00:33:07,160
The design phiIosophy behind the Tiger
is very much,
399
00:33:07,207 --> 00:33:09,880
''Let's have the best, most powerfuI vehicIe.''
400
00:33:14,167 --> 00:33:19,719
The downside of that design phiIosophy is the
amount of resources the Tiger takes to make.
401
00:33:23,047 --> 00:33:28,201
WouId you be better off buiIding something
in Iarger quantities that's a Iot cheaper?
402
00:33:38,487 --> 00:33:44,244
Born from a completely different mindset
to the Tiger, this is a Russian T34 tank.
403
00:33:45,607 --> 00:33:50,283
These two weapons
represent a clash in design philosophies,
404
00:33:50,327 --> 00:33:53,160
exemplified by a simple statistic.
405
00:33:54,847 --> 00:33:58,726
They onIy actuaIIy make 1 ,300 Tiger I tanks.
406
00:33:58,767 --> 00:34:05,798
As a comparison,
the Russians make weII over 60,000 T34 tanks.
407
00:34:08,247 --> 00:34:14,925
They are coming out with these very crude
but very effective vehicIes in such quantity
408
00:34:14,967 --> 00:34:19,757
that, whatever your quaIity,
these T34s are going to get you in the end.
409
00:34:32,607 --> 00:34:37,920
As Joe Stalin put it,
''Quantity has a quality all its own. ''
410
00:34:37,967 --> 00:34:42,040
And the wartime production of T34s
proved him right.
411
00:34:44,207 --> 00:34:48,678
Vast factories, relocated
beyond the reach of the advancing Germans,
412
00:34:48,727 --> 00:34:52,322
turned out T34s by the thousand,
413
00:34:53,647 --> 00:34:57,401
at staggering speed, under brutal conditions.
414
00:34:58,527 --> 00:35:05,683
The spirit of the Gulag fused with the technical
know-how of the car-making capital of America,
415
00:35:05,727 --> 00:35:06,716
Detroit.
416
00:35:08,967 --> 00:35:13,677
In the Iate 1 920s, StaIin reaIised that
he needed to industriaIise the Soviet Union.
417
00:35:13,727 --> 00:35:16,400
It was stiII essentiaIIy a pre-industriaI society.
418
00:35:17,327 --> 00:35:21,036
They reaIised that the way to do that
wouId be through the appIication of Fordism.
419
00:35:21,087 --> 00:35:27,720
So however bizarre it may sound,
Soviet economic pIanners came to Detroit,
420
00:35:27,767 --> 00:35:32,363
and they enthusiasticaIIy imported these ideas
back into the Soviet Union.
421
00:35:33,967 --> 00:35:36,561
To the extent that the architect, AIbert Kahn,
422
00:35:36,607 --> 00:35:39,599
who designed
aII of Henry Ford's factories in Detroit,
423
00:35:39,647 --> 00:35:41,638
opened an office in the Soviet Union
424
00:35:41,687 --> 00:35:44,884
and designed something Iike
300 factories in the 1 930s.
425
00:35:47,927 --> 00:35:53,718
Just three months after Tiger 1 31 had blitzed
Peter Gudgin's battalion in North Africa,
426
00:35:54,927 --> 00:36:00,684
German ground forces were swamped
by thousands of T34s at the Battle of Kursk -
427
00:36:03,287 --> 00:36:05,278
the largest tank battle of the war.
428
00:36:08,567 --> 00:36:12,879
Kursk halted German advances
on the Eastern Front for good,
429
00:36:13,567 --> 00:36:19,278
German design excellence
rendered irrelevant by Soviet mass mobilisation
430
00:36:19,967 --> 00:36:21,958
and American mass production.
431
00:36:23,167 --> 00:36:26,284
Design is a process, design is not styIe.
432
00:36:26,327 --> 00:36:29,524
The key thing that the Americans
understood is just that.
433
00:36:29,567 --> 00:36:32,286
That when you set out to design any object,
434
00:36:32,327 --> 00:36:36,002
whether it's a gun, an aircraft, a ship,
a Iocomotive, a uniform, a pair of shoes,
435
00:36:36,047 --> 00:36:39,562
you think of not just the end product,
what it's going to Iook Iike,
436
00:36:39,607 --> 00:36:41,723
you think of how you're going to make the thing.
437
00:36:43,367 --> 00:36:47,121
Like Joe Stalin, FDR believed in quantity.
438
00:36:48,247 --> 00:36:53,958
When America entered the war, President
Roosevelt vowed to ''out-produce the enemy''.
439
00:36:55,247 --> 00:36:59,240
Ford workers set about adapting
their car-making skills
440
00:36:59,287 --> 00:37:01,403
to produce aircraft.
441
00:37:01,447 --> 00:37:05,998
And Detroit rebranded itself
''the Arsenal of Democracy''.
442
00:37:07,087 --> 00:37:12,445
Ford promises that he wiII set up the most
extraordinary mass production faciIity of aII,
443
00:37:12,487 --> 00:37:17,083
a huge aircraft production centre at WiIIow Run,
444
00:37:17,127 --> 00:37:20,756
where he wants to produce
B-24 Liberator bombers.
445
00:37:20,807 --> 00:37:23,924
And he wants them to roII off the Iine Iike a car,
once an hour.
446
00:37:24,767 --> 00:37:27,964
And by the end of the war,
that's what he's achieved,
447
00:37:28,007 --> 00:37:30,396
a finished aircraft once every hour.
448
00:37:41,967 --> 00:37:45,676
But industrial capacity on its own is not enough.
449
00:37:46,527 --> 00:37:51,317
Without a secure supply chain linking America
to Europe, the war could not be won.
450
00:37:53,927 --> 00:37:59,559
And in 1 942, German U-boats
were sinking Allied cargo ships in the Atlantic
451
00:37:59,607 --> 00:38:01,598
faster than they could be replaced.
452
00:38:04,527 --> 00:38:09,043
Some of the rates of Iosses
earIy in WorId War II were shocking.
453
00:38:09,087 --> 00:38:12,045
It didn't Iook Iike anybody
couId keep up with that kind of a Ioss.
454
00:38:12,087 --> 00:38:13,281
But we did.
455
00:38:15,167 --> 00:38:18,557
lt took a designer of genius
to come up with the solution.
456
00:38:19,687 --> 00:38:24,841
Shipbuilder William Francis Gibbs
jettisoned centuries of tradition
457
00:38:24,887 --> 00:38:27,924
with a design for a cargo ship
that could be mass-produced,
458
00:38:29,487 --> 00:38:32,479
just like a Model Tor a T34.
459
00:38:44,807 --> 00:38:48,083
Gibbs'design solution was not pretty.
460
00:38:49,087 --> 00:38:51,920
Roosevelt called it a ''dreadful-looking object''.
461
00:38:58,127 --> 00:39:03,520
But its prefabricated steel parts,
welded together on a Ford-style production line,
462
00:39:03,567 --> 00:39:10,325
meant the Liberty Ship could be produced faster
and cheaper than was ever thought possible.
463
00:39:12,607 --> 00:39:16,316
America's shipbuilders
were understandably unsure.
464
00:39:17,287 --> 00:39:23,920
But an industrialist called Henry J Kaiser
recognised the genius of Gibbs'radical design.
465
00:39:32,887 --> 00:39:34,639
ln Richmond, California,
466
00:39:34,687 --> 00:39:37,679
Kaiser built a Liberty Ship production line
467
00:39:37,727 --> 00:39:40,480
that made him a hero
of the American war effort...
468
00:39:42,447 --> 00:39:47,157
..and transformed the lives
of thousands of unlikely shipbuilders.
469
00:39:48,527 --> 00:39:53,043
My husband and I,
every Sunday, went for a drive.
470
00:39:53,087 --> 00:39:56,443
And this one Sunday,
we had another coupIe with us.
471
00:39:56,487 --> 00:39:58,682
And the guys are taIking about...
472
00:39:58,727 --> 00:40:02,515
They thought they'd get a job,
they'd Iearn to weId,
473
00:40:02,567 --> 00:40:05,877
go to schooI, Iearn to weId
and get a job in a shipyard.
474
00:40:05,927 --> 00:40:12,116
And for some unknown reason,
I piped up and said I wanted to do that too.
475
00:40:12,767 --> 00:40:17,283
Had my car radio on
and aII of a sudden this Ioud voice said,
476
00:40:17,327 --> 00:40:19,682
''Women, do something for your country.
477
00:40:19,727 --> 00:40:23,163
Go to the Richmond Shipyards
and be a weIder.''
478
00:40:23,207 --> 00:40:26,916
And I thought:
''Wow, that's an important job.''
479
00:40:26,967 --> 00:40:32,280
They're asking on the radio for us to go do that.
480
00:40:32,327 --> 00:40:35,683
They recommended office work,
481
00:40:35,727 --> 00:40:37,638
but I said, ''No, I want to be a weIder.
482
00:40:37,687 --> 00:40:41,236
That's an important job,
and that's what I want to do.''
483
00:40:41,287 --> 00:40:43,198
I had no idea what it was!
484
00:40:46,847 --> 00:40:48,724
McKEY GOULD: I never saw a ship.
485
00:40:48,767 --> 00:40:54,842
We just were part of the process
of parts going together.
486
00:40:54,887 --> 00:41:01,360
And my first job was tacking IittIe fIanges
on for the cranes to pick up the pieces of steeI,
487
00:41:01,407 --> 00:41:03,159
which was pretty nervy, you know.
488
00:41:03,207 --> 00:41:10,079
Here's a first day on the job and you're
weIding something that's reaIIy important.
489
00:41:12,527 --> 00:41:16,236
PATTERSON MOORE: You had
a kerchief tied around your neck, reaI tight.
490
00:41:16,287 --> 00:41:20,997
That was to prevent
the hair from getting burned from the sparks.
491
00:41:21,047 --> 00:41:24,642
And then this was the weIding hood
that we put on...
492
00:41:26,007 --> 00:41:30,285
..and then this was the rod we used to weId with.
493
00:41:30,327 --> 00:41:32,318
And we wouId put it in here.
494
00:41:33,727 --> 00:41:36,958
You had to rotate aII the time, keep it moving.
495
00:41:43,087 --> 00:41:47,956
McKEY GOULD: Everyone
was contributing something to the war effort.
496
00:41:48,527 --> 00:41:55,763
And of course, a big motivator
was that pay cheque, you know,
497
00:41:55,807 --> 00:42:03,043
and I spent some of my money
on fancy underwear and...
498
00:42:04,287 --> 00:42:06,278
(Laughs)
499
00:42:07,167 --> 00:42:09,442
..and Frank Sinatra records.
500
00:42:13,527 --> 00:42:16,405
The alliance of design and mass production
501
00:42:16,447 --> 00:42:20,838
had proved itself able to meet
the life-or-death demands of a global war.
502
00:42:22,967 --> 00:42:27,199
But what did it have to offer a post-war world,
503
00:42:28,127 --> 00:42:31,119
where quantity
was no longer the greatest good?
504
00:42:39,527 --> 00:42:42,758
PeopIe aIways Iook at this chair and say,
''It Iooks uncomfortabIe.''
505
00:42:42,807 --> 00:42:44,957
And I just say, ''You know, weII, have a seat.''
506
00:42:45,007 --> 00:42:47,646
And then when you sit in it, it's just great.
507
00:42:54,247 --> 00:42:57,045
ln 1 999, Time Magazine named this chair,
508
00:42:57,087 --> 00:42:59,647
by Charles and Ray Eames,
509
00:42:59,687 --> 00:43:01,678
''The Chair of the Century''.
510
00:43:05,927 --> 00:43:09,522
The Lounge Chair Wood
was the Eames'breakthrough moment,
511
00:43:10,367 --> 00:43:12,597
and the springboard for a range of furniture...
512
00:43:13,807 --> 00:43:17,038
..that would express the optimism
of the post-war world.
513
00:43:19,167 --> 00:43:22,762
But this work evolved directly
from their experience during wartime,
514
00:43:24,567 --> 00:43:26,558
and a deceptively simple question.
515
00:43:29,127 --> 00:43:32,961
When you Iook at this chair...
And it's a very simpIe chair. It's very eIegant.
516
00:43:33,007 --> 00:43:36,556
It's not a very weII-known chair
but I think it's a very important chair.
517
00:43:36,607 --> 00:43:40,520
And it, you know,
may Iook kind of unassuming in a way,
518
00:43:40,567 --> 00:43:42,319
but it's the beginning of a journey.
519
00:43:42,367 --> 00:43:44,085
And it's a very simpIe idea.
520
00:43:44,127 --> 00:43:45,845
It's a two-dimensionaI curve.
521
00:43:45,887 --> 00:43:49,243
You can kind of Iook here and see
that the curve is not going this way at aII.
522
00:43:49,287 --> 00:43:52,359
BasicaIIy if you had a piece of cardboard,
you couId make this form.
523
00:43:52,407 --> 00:43:54,716
CharIes in particuIar was interested in this idea.
524
00:43:54,767 --> 00:43:57,804
Can you make it Iike a bucket
with a three-dimensionaI curving in it?
525
00:43:59,807 --> 00:44:02,879
The Eames began to explore
the possibilities of plywood.
526
00:44:04,447 --> 00:44:06,438
Bending it was relatively simple.
527
00:44:10,607 --> 00:44:16,682
Moulding it, in three dimensions, like rubber,
and on a mass scale, was something else.
528
00:44:17,807 --> 00:44:21,516
The demands of war
provided the germ of an answer.
529
00:44:35,527 --> 00:44:39,281
So you know, sometimes peopIe
Iook at this thing and wonder, what is it?
530
00:44:39,327 --> 00:44:41,238
But, actuaIIy, when you Iook at it this way,
531
00:44:41,287 --> 00:44:44,404
the combat boot wouId go here
and you'd be abIe to put it on Iike this.
532
00:44:44,447 --> 00:44:50,317
And it's modeIIed on CharIes's Ieg
but with a Iot of room for variation.
533
00:44:50,367 --> 00:44:54,724
You can see that they stiII haven't figured out
how to make a three-dimensionaI curve exactIy.
534
00:44:54,767 --> 00:44:59,443
They have to cut the wood right here
to reIieve the tension of the wood.
535
00:44:59,487 --> 00:45:03,924
They aIso have aII these hoIes that aIso reIieve
the tension of the wood, so it won't spIinter.
536
00:45:03,967 --> 00:45:08,358
So they're right in the middIe of understanding
what it takes to mouId pIywood.
537
00:45:09,567 --> 00:45:12,400
The Eames'splint design was a compromise,
538
00:45:13,287 --> 00:45:19,965
but even if the curves were not perfect,
more than 1 50,000 were made for the US Navy.
539
00:45:22,527 --> 00:45:29,160
Like the Sten Gun or the Liberty Ship, ''good
enough today'' trumped ''perfection tomorrow''.
540
00:45:30,927 --> 00:45:33,600
Authenticity in design
is not about a singIe object.
541
00:45:33,647 --> 00:45:36,764
It's reaIIy about a system of creating
that object again and again.
542
00:45:36,807 --> 00:45:39,719
It's not enough to say to that medic,
''Hey, we've got one spIint.''
543
00:45:39,767 --> 00:45:44,557
He doesn't want one spIint,
he wants to be abIe to say, ''I need 1 50,000,
544
00:45:44,607 --> 00:45:48,202
so if we get you enough wood
we'II get that many spIints, right?''
545
00:45:51,647 --> 00:45:56,277
From leg splints, the Eames
turned to seats for gliders and aircraft parts,
546
00:45:57,447 --> 00:46:00,837
refining and perfecting
their moulding techniques.
547
00:46:01,847 --> 00:46:06,045
The payoff came in 1 945
with the Lounge Chair Wood,
548
00:46:07,727 --> 00:46:09,843
a ''swords into ploughshares'' moment,
549
00:46:11,367 --> 00:46:16,361
and a modest but unmistakable signal
that the war was finally over.
550
00:46:21,807 --> 00:46:24,401
They were trying to make the seat
and back of the chair one
551
00:46:24,447 --> 00:46:27,837
and you Iook at this chair
and can obviousIy see they didn't do it.
552
00:46:27,887 --> 00:46:29,843
That this, the seat and back are separate.
553
00:46:29,887 --> 00:46:32,117
But they, after aII this experimenting,
554
00:46:32,167 --> 00:46:35,876
they reaIised the honest use of this materiaI
was to separate the seat and back.
555
00:46:35,927 --> 00:46:39,078
You couIdn't do it,
you couIdn't make the sheII out of pIywood.
556
00:46:39,127 --> 00:46:44,599
So this chair is sort of the payoff for aII the work
that they did during the war.
557
00:46:44,647 --> 00:46:48,356
And that's I think why the wartime experience
across the board,
558
00:46:48,407 --> 00:46:50,398
not just for CharIes and Ray,
559
00:46:50,447 --> 00:46:51,721
was so fascinating.
560
00:46:51,767 --> 00:46:54,884
There was a combination of being visionary
about these designs
561
00:46:54,927 --> 00:46:56,645
and being pragmatic at the same time.
562
00:46:58,967 --> 00:47:00,639
The ''Chair of the Century'',
563
00:47:00,687 --> 00:47:05,807
one of the first examples of high-quality,
post-war consumer design,
564
00:47:05,847 --> 00:47:11,763
had been born of mass production,
the true ''wonder weapon'' of World War ll.
565
00:47:14,607 --> 00:47:17,280
lt was a sign of things to come,
566
00:47:17,327 --> 00:47:20,876
a marriage that had been proposed
by the lndustrial Revolution
567
00:47:21,807 --> 00:47:27,006
and promised by the visionaries of modernism
in the '20s and '30s.
568
00:47:27,047 --> 00:47:31,677
But it had taken a world war
for design and mass production
569
00:47:31,727 --> 00:47:33,797
to finally consummate their relationship.
570
00:47:34,567 --> 00:47:38,799
The designed world
would never be the same again.
571
00:47:40,287 --> 00:47:46,681
What happened in the war years
to design, it was reborn.
572
00:47:46,727 --> 00:47:51,357
And that abiIity to make things
over and over and over again,
573
00:47:51,407 --> 00:47:53,204
but make them very weII,
574
00:47:53,967 --> 00:47:59,485
reaIIy did teII us something
about the abiIity to do things in great number.
575
00:48:00,647 --> 00:48:04,003
CertainIy Henry Ford toId us,
that's the way it was going to go.
576
00:48:04,687 --> 00:48:08,441
Le Corbusier toId us that was going to happen.
577
00:48:08,487 --> 00:48:14,517
But we didn't quite beIieve it untiI the Second
WorId War and we saw its reaI potentiaI.
578
00:48:14,567 --> 00:48:23,839
And for me, it is the thing that opens up what
mass production aIIows in product design today.
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7b34dc92-43bb-4ab6-bead-92acc5184f85
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http://dl1.mostanads.com/2015/08/The.Genius.of.Design/BBC.The.Genius.of.Design.3of5.Blueprints.for.War.%5Bwww.MostanadS.com%5D.eng.srt
| 2medium
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2 Answers
drat. I cannot post any pictures. but if you do a google search you'll find just everything you need. here's a wiring diagram, like you asked:
since last month I been having trouble starting my car it would start up but cut off like it had run out of gas. I then changed the fuel pump/ filter/ relay. I also replace the ignition switch/ modu...
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eng
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ea3218fa-9be9-49b2-aea0-16303ac89dd0
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https://www.cargurus.com/Cars/Discussion-t9487_ds541134
| 3medium-high
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130114 Sans roucoulement
There is a hawk in Chelsea that is used to keep the pigeon population at bay and I don't know whether it was about today or whether the pigeons were just keeping out of the cold, but whatever the reason, our feathered friends were noticeable by their absence. In fact, I only spotted one – this wannabe angry bird with a missing toe. I was keen to find pigeons today, as I thought they would be good for the OED word of the day, which was roucoulement meaning 'A soft cooing or murmuring noise, spec. the characteristic sound made by a dove or pigeon.' (OED) Now I'm no bird expert, but I reckon you need at least two if they're going to coo to each other. Apologies for the aerial shot, but there was rather too much merde de chien to allow kneeling or crouching.
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eng
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8a2e7351-9968-487a-b248-e5008a31bff5
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http://www.delbarrett.com/2014/01/130114-sans-roucoulement/
| 2medium
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About Us
A hub of culture and history in a picturesque setting
If you have never been to this part of the country, you are in for a real treat. The birthplace of William Shakespeare, arguably the world's most well-read playwright and poet, Stratford-upon-Avon is a scenic town with a thriving arts scene. There are cultural and historic attractions at every turn, ideal for families or as a romantic getaway for two.
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511c94d0-0424-4756-809a-7d26513c0333
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https://www.thestratford-hotel.co.uk/about-us/
| 2medium
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12th evening, Or What you'll is a comedy through William Shakespeare, in keeping with the quick in the course of the process the writing.
Shawn McGrath has spent his complete thirteen years on Torresdale street in Philadelphia. He simply graduated 8th grade and has the full summer time prior to him whilst his arch nemesis, Gordon, stole his so much prized ownership. He has vowed to avenge the robbery the entire whereas having fun with his final summer time earlier than highschool.
As soon as upon a time there has been a cowardly lady known as Alice Torrance. She used to be for you to see her sister might clever, whilst she made up our minds to take a brief lower via Awfulpool woodland. It wasn't lengthy sooner than Alice obtained misplaced. She regarded round, yet all she may possibly see have been bushes. Nervously, she felt into her bag for her favorite toy, Spike, yet Spike was once nowhere to be stumbled on!
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eng
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ac068ee1-27ec-447b-8ff3-d08820fd17c7
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http://www.olivetelecom.in/read/monsieur-du-paur-homme-public-french-edition
| 1medium-low
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Alexis Grace videos
Alexis Grace is a sexy Latina girl with a sharp attitude that we met in the streets of suburban Miami. This 20-year-old brunette has a great natural body with a perfect handful of tits, a sweet ass, and great legs. Alexis has multiple tattoos and pierced nipples and a pierced belly button. Alexis had a bit of an attitude and she's kind of bossy but once we got her to pull our friend's dick out, she stopped talking and went to town showing how much she loves dick. Once she tried things on the BangBus, she decided that she liked being on camera, so you can find her on Tugjobs as well!
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eng
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629cb7e8-9d8b-4aaf-8fec-6cf7d7a8ab2c
|
https://www.bigbootytube.xxx/model/alexis-grace/latest-updates/
| 1medium-low
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15 reward points
Tangy Tutti Frutti On Ice eliquid by Strapped On Ice is a fruity candy blend with a cool exhale. A candy base is combined with mixed fruits, including lemon, pineapple and strawberry and topped off with a crisp ice.
Tangy Tutti Frutti On Ice is available as a 100ml of eliquid in a 120ml Shortfill bottle, with space for 2 x 10ml nicotine shot of your choice. These eliquids have a 70% VG blend, ideal for sub ohm vaping.
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eng
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6f98c1b4-a896-4da1-a395-921b02dc8812
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https://www.vapeshop.me.uk/e-liquids/strapped_eliquid/shortfills/strapped_on_ice/tangy_tutti_frutti_on_ice_e-liquid_by_strapped
| 0low
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1990 all of the people who applied for a job at Evco also applied
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11 Sep 2018, 23:35
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Difficulty:
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Question Stats:
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In 1990 all of the people who applied for a job at Evco also applied for a job at Radeco,and Evco and Radeco each offered jobs to half of these applicants cants. Therefore,every one of these applicants must have been offered a job in 1990.
The argument above is based on which of the following assumptions about these job applicants?
(A) All of the applicants were very well qualified for a job at either Evco or Radeco.
(B) All of the applicants accepted a job at either Evco or Radeco.
(C) None of the applicants was offered a job by both Evco and Radeco.
(D) None of the applicants had applied for jobs at places other than Evco and Radeco.
(E) None of the applicants had perviously worked for either Evco or Radeco.
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eng
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3d38b8f3-dfe4-4522-b6b4-9142b70093e6
|
https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-1990-all-of-the-people-who-applied-for-a-job-at-evco-also-applied-275909.html
| 2medium
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5 ways to streamline the warehouse order fulfillment process
Fergal GlynnLast Updated: February 4th, 2020
With the recent demand for on-demand shipping, it's more important than ever for businesses to get their products to their customers not just on time, but at speeds that would have been considered "lightning fast" just a few years ago. It's a reality that serves as a true double-edged sword for companies big and small; many consumers have grown accustomed to same-day or two-day shipping, and are ordering more goods online. But it also means that their expectations are very high when it comes to receiving your products. One of the best ways to gain the upper-hand in e-commerce is to set up an efficient order fulfillment process that's custom-fit for the needs of your unique business.
By developing these strategies, you are guaranteed to see improvement in not only the speed in which your valued B2B or B2C customers get your goods in their hands but also a more focused, organized and energized environment in your warehouse. You don't need to hire more workers or increase their hours to ship your products twice as fast. Follow these simple steps to achieve a more streamlined warehouse fulfillment process that will keep up with the demands of the market:
Here's how you can streamline your warehouse order fulfillment process to best fit the needs of your growing e-commerce business:
1. Give customers the power to track their orders
Whether you work in B2B, B2C, or a combination of both, customers these days are more demanding than ever in regards to receiving orders quickly. Chances are, you've fielded an impatient customer or two who wouldn't stop calling and emailing about their order. Answering these questions can turn into a real time-suck for both you and your employees, especially if a problem occurs once the product is already in shipment.
To remedy this, implement a system that allows your customers to track their orders in real-time. You can do this by simply equipping your receipt confirmation email with a tracking number and an estimated delivery date, or consider investing in a developer who can add this feature directly to your site. Either way, you'll be spending less time fielding calls and more time getting orders processed.
2. Make sure that your inventory manager is up for the task
As we mentioned — and you already know — customer expectations are sky-high, especially if you offer on-demand shipping. This means that your business' livelihood could be at risk if your inventory manager isn't as sharp as a tack.
When hiring for this role, do your due diligence to guarantee that this person is: a) experienced in current e-commerce order fulfillment processes; b) has the wherewithal to hire and manage competent team members; and c) understands the concepts of streamlined warehouse practices, like slotting optimization, order fulfillment software and inventory accuracy.
3. Provide your workers with achievable goals
Working on the floor in order fulfillment roles is an incredibly tough, physically-demanding job. If you dig hard enough, you will see exposé after exposé on improper labor practices from some of the largest e-commerce companies in the world. Don't become one of these companies.
Instead, focus on hiring line and floor workers who are reliable, understand what the work entails and have goals of moving up in your company. At the end of the day, these are the folks who see your product the last time before your customers receive it, which means their goals must be achievable, their salaries must be competitive and their work environment has to be fair for you to maintain the quality your customer expects.
4. Consider your supply chain visibility
Because demands in the e-commerce sector are ever-changing, it's important that you increase your supply chain visibility at every corner. This means that you utilize tools to track production, orders and product shipments in order to get a better idea of what might be hurting — or helping — your unique processes.
Even if you feel that you've done your due diligence, chances are there is a kink somewhere in your order fulfillment process that can be easily fixed once identified. Set aside the time, funds and book your most thorough employees to do a review, then reap the rewards once you've made plans to remedy your trouble spots.
5. Implement a smart warehouse system
The fastest way to rev up your order fulfillment process is to invest in smart and robotic technologies for your business. Not only will these changes pick up the pace of your manufacturing process, but, in some cases, the investment will also eliminate the need for extra workers.
It's a shift that previously required a lot of capital, but the new way of fulfillment powered by mobile collaborative robots makes automation available to businesses of all sizes. And at the end of the day, this investment could ensure that your company is able to survive the changing expectations of your customer base
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eng
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e9f0c0f8-820a-4000-b93a-b460bd0debdd
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https://6river.com/how-to-streamline-order-fulfillment/
| 2medium
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Adwheretise, a stable growing company under , is being run by .
Since , their sales have been favorable and consistent at Unknown.
Company location coordinates are: 40.7376487,-73.98861820.
It can be reached by dialing (347) 960-3541 Full Phone Report,
and you could get in touch with their sales team in 228 Park Ave S #53842, New York City, New York NY 1000 Adwheretise would like to hear from you.
|
eng
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501d72cd-9a8b-4154-b72f-6e3579213aac
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http://www.smallbusinessdb.com/adwheretise-new-york-ny-10003.htm
| 1medium-low
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Als Toy Barn
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a8232cbe-eaf3-454d-b2e4-f9042c93c7da
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https://www.homedesignidea.org/als-toy-barn.html
| 0low
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As promised earlier, we'll be soon releasing a Flash version of the BYOND client. After a hiatus to create BYONDexe and deal with various website, community, and software issues, we're hard at work on it again and are shooting for a beta release sometime this summer. Lest you think this is vaporware, here's an example of BYOND Flash in actionI get what you're saying, but what most users are waiting on is just a glimpse of where the progression and state of play the Flash client is at. Nothing fancy or a release.
I'd imagine there isn't much else to show than what has already been shown via Youtube or screenshots. You can't expect him to update us with each individual change that is made in the software. Besides, didn't he just say that he had to divert his attention to different things?
Although, more frequent updates on what's going on behind the scenes would be niceWhat if some bigger games that are being made would garner more attention, would you reconsider? I want to release a big project myself on Byond, but it looks like Tom wants us to stay reclusive (though I understand there are issues at hand). It shoots down the motivation when developers can expect the current limited audience to remain limited. Of course the major effort to get an audience is on the part of the developers, if the effort they go through gets cut down simply because the players have to go through extra trouble to play the game when they don't have to, things should move forward.
All of this has probably been said, or considered already, so what I'm really trying to get to is: If developers FINISH their games with an indie standard quality and want to release it, will you (Tom) work on making their game accessible to a wide audience.
I want and intend to get this Flash version out (since we already put so much work into it, albeit a couple of years ago). However, I just can't justify the commitment at the moment when we are really barely surviving (this project has earned negative income for me the last two years). So if we can start bringing in some revenue and more people contribute, I'm happy to keep the other projects alive.
I will be making a post (maybe a podcast) about all of this very soon when we bring this beta version public. I want people to understand exactly where we stand at this moment, and why individual contributions are important if people want BYOND to keep going (if not, well.. we've had a good run).
I'm just curious as to what is the main expense that the BYOND project currently has? to an outside user like me it seems the maintenance of the website and the hubs, and the domain to some extent are the major players?, and with that in mind I struggle to see how you are falling behind with memberships being $25 dollars each.
Unless this a full time job for some of the staff?, or I am missing something entirely.
well it is evident that you guys are working hard, I mean prompt replies to the bugs/discussion. Would it not be a bad idea if some of the revenue gets directed towards advertising BYOND itself?, ofcourse this is just contemplative and I hope the pager itself is enough to even out the losses you have had.
However it seems that the population is somewhat stagnating, it is the people like us who should advertise and I agree with that, however I find little incentive to do so. I mean 3 or 4 guys might make an account play the game then bounce. Maybe once a while one of them might get a membership, but all in all its too much effort for very little gain on a developers part. Unless you have the drive to make Nestalgia, which the average user doesn't have.
What makes BYOND so costly is that this project takes a lot of time to maintain, and time isn't free. It's actually pretty insulting that people just assume this just works by itself and nothing need be done, or else that we're just going to spend all day working for nothing (which describes my life for the last two years btw).
We're constantly fixing things with the software and website. We have to deal with tons of stupid issues with players and games, with people hacking and scamming. We have to decide on a business model and implement it into a piece of legacy software that has become increasingly hard to maintain.
If this project does go under-- and that's looking pretty likely-- you guys will understand exactly what we do because it basically will cease to work without people behind it giving it support.
I mean really, what do people at Twitter do all day? Their stuff is a hell of a lot simpler than BYOND and they have like 1000 employees.
This might be very early to be asking this question, and dare I ask it considering the unfathomable happens... but if BYOND becomes support-less... will developers have some sort of means to make their own infrastructure (a mini byond / hub / whatever) work? What I mean by this is, will we be given the opportunity to do what you do on our own, with our own games. So people who have money and means to keep things running could theoretically set how dream daemon contacts a master server to check life and port openness, and report hub status to your own server, etc. etc. I hope that makes sense.
If BYOND is gone, can my game carry on, given I handle the responsbilities that byond.com would normally be taking care of.
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eng
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153b8bbc-c51d-479d-bfd3-055e98f9c4a1
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http://www.byond.com/forum/post/891692&page=6
| 4high
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2, 2011
Getting to Know Me...A through Z
I was tagged by dear, sweet Cecilia ~ ...she wanted to know why I haven't posted a 'Getting to know me A through Z' post yet... I told her I didn't think I was that interesting ~ I told her that I have been enjoying other's blogs that were linking to this subject ~ (I especially had to chuckle at a couple ~ you know who you are!) and getting to 'know' the authors better...
C ~ Cats I don't think I have to elaborate much on this one...ya with me?
D ~ Diligence I guess this word came to mind because I just keep on going... I try not to be influenced by others'....I try to stay on my own path.
E ~ Energy If it weren't for stress, I'd have none... (just kidding, I lead a very stress-less life)
F ~ Forgetful-ness
do I really need to remind you all that I'm in the throes of menopause?
G ~ Glitter yes...GLITTER. I secretly love it. I don't use it in my work at ALL, but I have beautiful, vintage salt shakers and sugar shakers chock-full of every color glitter imaginable... ...one day I'll cover everything I own in it...
H ~...Hannah my daughter owns my heart & soul ~ she's everything I've ever wanted to be in person-form. she exudes charm & happiness & has the world at her finger-tips... she will one day change our world.
I ~ Imagine my mind is a bottomless cavern that hold mysteries and secrets... my imagination holds the key that will someday unlock it all.
J ~ Jo-ene ...my sister Jo has been gone for two years, passed from Breast Cancer... please allow her fate to be your spring-board to get your annual mammogram.
K ~ Keys yes, we all love skeleton keys...I have amassed a collection of over 200. 'nuff said.
M ~ Marmalade Marmalade was the first cat that ever owned me... He was an Orange Tabby with six toes on each of his four paws (polydactile) He would come when I whistled for him. He knew his name. He loved me & I loved him. He lived to be 19 yrs young and succombed to Feline Leukemia & an Enlarged heart.. ....please bring your fur-baby for regular vet visits.
N ~ Notforgotten Farm yeah I know...it's my business name...BUT..it's also where we live, dream, hope & pray ~ our farm is as much a part of us as is our breathing & creating...I am blessed to be here.
O ~ Opposite Peter & I are definitely opposites... I am a Pisces, He is a Scorpio...he has a type A personality, I am...well...I haven't been diagnosed yet... I am a fighter, he is a lover. I want it NOW, He will wait till something better comes along.
and I LOVE him for that.
P ~ Peanut Butter when I was pregnant with Hannah, I CRAVED peanut butter ANYthing. Reese's PB cups, Nutter Butter Cookies, PB & J, PB on Ritz, PB on a SPOON.... Q ~ Questions I tend to ask alot of these...why? when? how?...I usually get answers, but not the ones I'm looking for.
R ~ Rain I LOVE rainy days. Especially rainy FALL days. I can sit for hours listening to the rain falling on my old farmhouse's tin roof and compose a different concert for each rainfall ~ S ~ Stitches my life is made up of many different stitches....primitive, contemporary, oppulent, simple... I work with my hands and most of my work is compiled of many types of stitches.
that one has me stumped! V ~ See: "U" W ~ West I have always longed to visit CA, OR, WA ~ but I am petrified of flying.... X ~ "X-Pect" anything... I have no idea where I will go ~ where this path of creativity may lead me... I may design needlework patterns forever, or I may end up as a truck driver...who knows? I won't fret, Life is for living ~ not for figuring out.
Y ~ Yellow I want to paint my breakfast-nook walls butter yellow... will you still love me if I do?
Z ~ Zat's All Folks... ...take me or leave me...I'm who I am:
not perfect.
confused. enlightened. serious.
bewildered.
happy.
creative.
bored.
scared.
burdoned.
trusting.
casual.
forgiving.
artistic.
complacent.
indifferent.
friendly.
bouyant.
snarky.
a little over weight. (ok....)
compelled.
elegant.
menopausal.
wrinkly.
exhuberant.
ALIVE...
and many other explatives....
just...me.
blessings from the farm, Lori
btw...I never care if I've mispelled anything in my postings... if you have trouble with that ~ you need to lighten-up.
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eng
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0e19ab0e-9973-40ff-a33e-a6b3621f445a
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http://farmhousenotforgotten.blogspot.com/2011/11/getting-to-know-mea-through-z.html
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04/10/2021
Which event is likely to trigger succession?
Helping Texas company Owners plan for the Future
Privately and also family-owned businesses comprise a good deal of the United states economy. They are likewise not minimal to little companies, as few of the biggest businesses in the country are family-owned. However, family-owned enterprise come with specific vulnerabilities, including the inquiry of that takes over once the founder either passes far or is otherwise can not to lead the company. A startling number of family-owned enterprise fail to shift after losing their founder.
Establishing a business sequence plan is an essential to the long-term health of any privately or family-owned company. A strong succession setup will define and also legally enshrine your wishes ~ above what wake up to your stake in your business. Not having actually a succession plan have the right to subject your company to disaster and even represent a substantial financial legal responsibility to your loved ones.
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eng
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96e7b91c-a5cc-4c9f-ba44-c36b1d78a662
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https://ptcouncil.net/which-event-is-likely-to-trigger-succession/
| 2medium
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16
Excellent
17
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5
Average
3
Poor
0
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Rating summary
Food
Service
Value
Atmosphere
"Local establishment"...read more over-light eggs, grits, crispy bacon and toast for breakfast....Their home-made chicken salad sandwiches are delicious and well...
More
Like a lot of BBQ joints, it's not fancy, but boy is this food good. We like the BBQ atand El's, but the nod goes to the White Swan. The iced tea is delicious and the steak fries are fresh and very hot.
The only negative is that the bathrooms could be updated a little. They're clean , but could...
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The place is small in appearance, but the service was outstanding and the food was great! Located beside a gas station it could easily be overlooked. We went in the early afternoon so it was not busy and we had the place to ourselves for the most part. We ordered the Fried Chicken which was great. Nice and crunchy on...
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My family of 3 went for dinner in the early evening. We were the only patrons and the waitress was so nice and friendly. I ordered fried chicken and it was yummy but the baked beans were absolutely delicious! My husband got ribs and said they were outstanding. My picky daughter had pulled pork and said it was very
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eng
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4d605de6-7eb1-4ea4-b105-424fa4a47f75
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http://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g29877-d2097760-Reviews-White_Swan_Bar_B_Q_and_Fried_Chicken-Atlantic_Beach_North_Carolina.html
| 0low
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6 bowl pipe
6 bowl pipeThe Original Six Shooter Pipe
High Tech PRESSES
The ORIGINAL, World Famous and Patented Six Shooter Pipe.
In decided that this was the perfect time and his chance to offer the greatest invention in pipes smoking since smoking began!
What he had created in the Six Shooter Revolver Pipe was a tobacco pipe with six chambers that spins around like a gun revolver. The idea behind the six chambers is to make it so the need to constantly refill your pipe is eliminated. You'll always have a fresh bowl on hand and at the ready with six bowls in the pipe instead of just one, which is all you get with the classic, common, standard pipes.
Lee received a U.S. patent on the invention and built a business around it. With no experience in marketing or small business, he sold 10,000 units and won several awards overseas, garnering much attention here in the United States as well. In fact, this revolver pipe has been such a hit that you can visit the original pipe at the Musee du Fumeurin Paris, France.
Add the Patented Six Shooter Revolver Pipe to Your Collection
Sometimes known as shooter revolver pipes, grinder six shooter pipes, stealth pipes, the six metal pipe, or the classic revolver pipe, the Six Shooter pipe is perfect for use with your favorite herb grinders. If you normally use rolling papers and another type of tobacco pipes for smoking, you'll love the original Six Shooter Revolver Pipe. You may already have hand pipes that are metal, and you may already have glass bongs, wood pipes, vaporizers, bubblers, and hookah pens – but if you don't have the Original Six Shooter Pipe, your collection isn't complete.
The original Revolver Pipe is made in the USA using only the finest materials! Machined from high-quality aircraft aluminum, naval brass, and stainless steel, the Six Shooter Pipe is hands down the best pipe you could own. Why settle for sub-par quality and cheap materials when it comes to something that is as important as your tobacco pipe?
For that matter, why settle for any pipe with just one bowl in it? Load 1-6 bowls at a time! The Six Shooter Pipe comes with a velvet pouch for storage and a tool for easy disassembly so cleaning is easy and fast. The unit features one recessed screen port that serves all six bowls. The Six Shooter Pipe is incredibly easy to clean and does not get hot when smoking. This is a must-have pipe for any collection.
The ORIGINAL, World Famous and Patented Six Shooter Pipe. In
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eng
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49201794-9f2b-45a0-8efe-5def5ee059ba
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https://hempthenovel.com/6-bowl-pipe/
| 1medium-low
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Ayala Malls opens Dino Play travelling exhibit
BACOLOD. Ayala Malls Capitol Central general manager Sharon Ciocon (second from right) poses with The Mind Museum group, led by mind mover Pecier Decierdo (center), and children visitors during the opening rites of the Dino Play Travelling Exhibition at the mall's activity center in Bacolod City. (Erwin P. Nicavera)
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AA
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March 19, 2019
THE Ayala Malls Capitol Central (AMCC) in Bacolod City opened The Mind Museum's Dino Play Travelling Exhibition, providing a venue especially for young children in Negros Occidental to explore the fascinating world of dinosaurs.
AMCC general manager Sharon Ciocon, at the opening rites held at the mall's activity center Tuesday, March 19, said it is the commitment of the mall to continue to provide and create opportunities for convergence for families, students, and the community.
Ciocon said that with The Mind Museum as partner, AMCC brings another first in the city.
"The exhibition is not just for the kids, but for everyone including the kids at heart," she said, adding that "we have a lot of interactive activities inside, it's easier to learn while having fun."
The Dino Play, which will run until April 5, is seen to satisfy the curiosity of the children for the prehistoric creatures that roamed Earth about 65 million years ago.
The adventure begins by introducing guests to what dinosaurs are and how they are related to more familiar and modern animals, they then follow the massive dino footprints.
These footprints are comparable to that of a Tyrannosaurus or a Velociraptor.
The exhibition is divided into four nests beginning with Dino Dig, where one can play paleontologist or scientist who study dinosaurs and ancient biology through fossils, regularly go to the field and dust off rocks to look for fossils and what their surroundings imply about the dead creature and its previous life.
At the fun area, one can go hands-on with a variety of activities like making his own fossils, play with the Dino Family Tree, and live a day in the life of a dinosaur.
One can also climb the Dino Lookout Tower and spot any rogue dinosaurs that may be hiding in the vicinity.
Finally, guests can become dinosaur themselves through the Dino Den. In this activity area recommended for kids two to eight years old, they can play pretend, stomp around and leave Dino footprints in a forest land with their friends and classmates.
The exhibition was conceived by The Mind Museum, supported by Datem Inc., Sarao Motors and Uratex Foam. This is in collaboration with Thompson Hardware and Lighting Center and Gotuaco Family
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eng
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597d8dc0-5e4d-404e-86a7-df22611f3fab
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https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1797678/Bacolod/Business/Ayala-Malls-opens-Dino-Play-travelling-exhibit
| 3medium-high
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Abstract
Background
On sloped agricultural fields, water and sediment can be transported downhill as runoff and erosion. This process can cause losses of valuable top soil material, water resources for plant availability, and nutrients as well as transport of plant protection products (PPP) into adjacent surface water bodies. In the European and the US risk assessment for the registration of PPP, runoff and erosion are numerically calculated with the simulation model PRZM which uses the USDA runoff curve number (CN) concept for the water movement. Results from runoff field trials were used to estimate the effect of dedicated management practices in terms of mitigating runoff and erosion, i.e. creating micro-dams between the ridges of potato fields or in maize cultivation on model input parameters.
Results
Application of different cultivation and tillage techniques (micro-dams/bunds) showed a consistent decrease of the measured quantities of runoff, erosion, and PPP transport as well as of the calculated CN and predicted environmental concentrations in surface water. The results presented here support the approach to quantitatively consider in-field risk mitigation measures (if applied) in the context of regulatory surface water exposure calculations, as proposed by the SETAC MAgPIE workshop.
Conclusion
Based on these data, a robust case can be made to consider innovative runoff mitigation for risk assessment purposes by, e.g. lowering the CN in the exposure scenarios. In the assessment presented herein, an average decrease in the mean of the derived CN of 86 of 21 points (± 11, 10th percentile: 12) for potatoes could be derived. For maize, the mean calculated CN of 73 was lowered on average by 3 points.
Background
On sloped agricultural fields, water and sediment can be transported downhill as runoff and erosion. These processes cause loss of valuable soil, nutrients and plant protection products (PPP) into adjacent surface water bodies. The erosion of soil material from agricultural fields has several short-term and long-term consequences: from the removal of seeds and a covering of the emerging plants to the loss of fertility and organic substance. Pesticides are generally transported in solution via runoff or sorbed to soil particles via erosive transport. The relation between both transportation pathways depends amongst others on the physio-chemical and environmental properties of the individual substance under investigation [33].
In the European and US risk assessment framework, surface runoff is one building block for the estimation of potential risks for the aquatic environment, i.e. for surface water bodies adjacent to agricultural fields. In Europe and the US, runoff of PPP is calculated with the Pesticide Root Zone Model [36], which uses the USDA runoff curve number (CN) concept [43] to quantify the amount of runoff water. In this concept, assuming a high CN indicates a relatively large runoff susceptibility of a field compared to a lower CN. Hawkins [23] has demonstrated the importance of an accurate determination of the CN, preferably via direct measurements of runoff following precipitation. The European registration procedure is based on Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. A corresponding modelling framework for environmental fate was established by the FOrum for Co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their Use [18, 19]. To calculate predicted environmental concentrations for different surface water bodies (PECsw), predefined standard scenarios (for runoff, drainage and drift) are applied. These are based on European conditions in different geographical regions assuming certain percentiles of representativeness. To derive PECsw following from runoff, the output of daily runoff fluxes, erosion masses and pesticide mass outputs from agricultural fields given by PRZM simulations is applied as input for the surface water model FOCUS TOXSWA [5]. With the latter, concentration dynamics in surface water and corresponding sediment are calculated for model water bodies representing streams, ditches and ponds. The procedure to derive PECsw is currently under revision to take a 20-year simulation period into account with the aim of more robust calculations of PECsw [14]. In the US, the legal basis for pesticide regulation is the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act [42] and the Endangered Species Act [17]. Runoff/erosion and drift are the only entry routes for regulatory exposure assessments. The corresponding aquatic exposure endpoints are EEC (estimated environmental concentration for ecological risk assessments) and EDWC (estimated drinking water concentration for dietary risk assessments). These values are calculated within the PWC shell (pesticide in water calculator) with PRZM coupled with the variable volume water model (VVWM) with a pond as the receiving water body [16].
Due to the planting in rows and the resulting bare soil in between (together with low plant density), it is reasonable to assume that the cultivation of row crops such as potatoes or maize leads to a higher vulnerability to surface runoff compared to wheat or root crop [2]. The German Environmental Protection Agency recommends the "earthing up of transverse ridges for potato crops" to prevent soil erosion [40]. Generally, several mitigation strategies can be applied to reduce the amount of superficial runoff [35]: vegetated buffer/filter strips, grassed depressions, waterways, ditches or wetland. Furthermore, measures of Good Agricultural Practice can be applied, e.g. conservation tillage [38] or the usage of specific machinery to improve infiltration. All these practices aim to reduce the runoff velocity, increase the capability of the soil to retain water on the surface and subsequently to facilitate infiltration.
The technique to construct micro-dams between the ridges of ridge–furrow tillage systems is a largely known agricultural technique [22, 26, 37, 39]. Other terms than micro-dams are furrow-diking, tied ridges, furrow damming, basin tillage, basin listing, microbasin tillage, diked furrows, basin tillage [26, 37]. Corresponding devices are commercially available, e.g. the Barbutte from Cottard (France), the Dycker from Grimme (Germany), or the partition inserting machine from Netagco-Rumpstad/AgriMaas (The Netherlands). Distinct strategies in terms of tillage and plough management to preserve the fields and increase infiltration are also applied in maize cultivation, e.g. disc or drum ploughs to create small dams or holes between the rows.
Elhakeem and Papanicolaou [15] and Oliveira et al. [28] presented general procedures to derive CN from field trials. Hence, such data can be used to assess the effect of micro-dams or other management practices between the ridges of potato or maize fields and to quantify the mitigation effect by deriving the CN reduction. The SETAC MAgPIE workshop [35] proposed a lowering of the CN by 3 points after the application of in-field bunds in row crops.
The objective of the present work is to enlarge the small database for the effects in reducing runoff, soil erosion and PPP transport following the application of certain mitigation measures in potato (i.e. micro-dams) and in maize (similar tillage techniques) cultivation. To this end, runoff CN were calculated based on rainfall–runoff relations reported in field studies. Furthermore, reductions in soil erosion and in pesticide loadings in these field studies were derived quantitatively. The herein calculated CN reductions can be used in environmental risk assessment to quantify the effects of the optional mitigation measures in terms of runoff. A potential representation in the concept of calculation of predicted environmental concentrations for surface water (PECsw) is presented as well.
Methods
Trials under consideration in this study
In this paper, seven studies (newly designed and from literature) were evaluated—Table 1 lists the experimental details. Runoff CN were calculated based on the reported measurements of precipitation and runoff (see Chapter 2.2 for the calculation procedure). Reductions in runoff volumes, erosion masses and plant protection product loads were derived quantitatively. In Additional file 1, all experimental results, together with the calculated runoff CN can be found (Additional file 1: Tables S1–S13).
Table 1 Details of the studies under investigation; n.a.: not available; n.ap.: not applicable
The five potato studies were conducted either on one site for a complete season [29], reported as annual sums from three sites over 2 years [21], in a research project compiling 35 trials on silty loess soil trials in south-western Germany [6], in a single-event study design using both pre-wetted and dry soil [3], or an irrigation trial, applying 30 mm of rain [4]. In the first trials, the Barbutte from Cottard (France, see Fig. 1) was applied to construct micro-dams. Similar devices were used in the remaining three trials.
The two maize studies were conducted with the application of two types of micro-dam-creating techniques: disc and drum plough. Observations were reported over a complete season [7] or from two storm events [41], respectively. In Fig. 2, the two devices and the resulting patterns on the agricultural fields are shown.
Concept of the runoff curve number and derivation from the trials
In the USDA CN approach (as used in the European regulatory context), direct runoff is regarded, i.e. a combination of channel runoff, surface runoff, and subsurface flow [43]. In this study, measured relations between precipitation and runoff were used for the calculation of runoff CN, representing the transformation of total precipitation amounts into total runoff amounts.
In the representation of runoff after Mockus [27], a potential maximum retention S (mm) after beginning of the runoff is defined. Assuming an initial abstraction (consisting of interception, infiltration during early parts of the storm, and surface depression storage) of 0.2 * S, runoff Q [mm] is calculated based on precipitation P (mm):
For given P and Q we solve Eq. ( 2) for S and insert the solution into Eq. (4) to finally obtain CN.
The theoretical maximum CN of 100 leads to S = 0 and finally to Q = P. The CN is the driving parameter of surface runoff in the risk assessment models. Figure 3 shows the relation between precipitation and runoff for different CN for the example of one of the trials under investigation, i.e. example results from Areas [3].
Fig. 3
Relationship between rain and runoff expressed by the runoff curve number (CN). The maximum of 100 describes a 1:1 line; CN 92 and 73 are examples from one of the trials under investigation (Areas, 2005)
The curve number concept used in the regulatory framework
In the context of risk assessment, CN are defined scenario-specific and crop-specific, being a function of soil type, soil drainage properties, and management practices. Furthermore, crop stages are taken into account as defined in [19, Appendix D]. For potatoes and maize, the stages of emergence and maturation are defined in scenario R1 with the average CN of 82, being 87 at harvest time, and 91 during fallow. Average CN refer to intermediate moisture conditions, named antecedent moisture condition (AMC) II.
Curve numbers show variability depending on several boundary conditions, such as the AMC, based on a 5-day precipitation history before each event. This index, denoting AMC II as average conditions, AMC I as dry and AMC III as wet conditions, is calculated by FOCUS PRZM (i.e. PRZM 3.22) on a daily basis. This depends on the AMC in the upper soil layers [44]. The CN are adjusted using the following rules [36]:
The actual applied CN in the PRZM model are calculated in a linear interpolation while being restricted in variability and never reaching the endpoints of AMC I or AMC III. For further information please refer to Young and Fry [44].
Here, the aim was to arrive at CNs for AMC II by deriving the mean of all CN from the unique events [43]. In the trials considering a complete season of rain–runoff relations (i.e. [7, 29]), the CN were averaged rainfall-weighted due to the assumption that the reliability of the CN is proportional to the height of the rainfall event. In general, when averaging over various experimental conditions, and not taking detailed information on the specific moisture conditions into account, the assumption of intermediate moisture conditions was judged to be adequate.
To investigate the effects of lowering CN in the risk assessment, example calculations for FOCUS surface water scenarios were conducted. To this end, all standard values for the CN for AMC II for the early stage, crop maturation, harvest and fallow were exemplarily lowered by 10% (and the CN for AMC I and III were calculated by the model, as usually, described above). For the three substances aclonifen, fluazinam and metribuzin, which show a relatively immobile, intermediate and mobile behaviour, respectively (see Additional file 1: Table S16 for basic substance properties) maximum PECsw (PECsw,max) were calculated exemplarily. All other parameters were applied unchanged from the original FOCUS surface water scenarios for potatoes.
The FOCUS surface water scenarios considered here are stream scenarios with a plant protection product treated field of 1 ha adjacent to the water body. This water body is connected to a 100-ha upstream catchment, of which 20% are treated with plant protection product. This fraction of treated area can be also considered as the aeric fraction of the target crop in the catchment. Such a setting would occur for example if four different agricultural crops were grown taking 80% of the area and 20% would be non-arable land such as pasture or forest (see [19] for details on the scenario definition). The resulting concentration in the stream is essentially the sum of all mass fluxes (from 20 + 1 ha) divided by all water fluxes (from 100 + 1 ha) to the water body. The micro-dams are assumed to be installed on the treated area only so that the generation of runoff water and mass fluxes are reduced on 21 ha. On the remaining 80 ha the runoff water entry is unchanged, runoff mass entries are zero. This setup can be described by the formula:
If for example the mitigation reduces runoff water and mass fluxes from the treated area by one half (f = 0.5), the PECsw is reduced by about a fraction of 0.45. This procedure is in accordance with the established practice to consider mitigation of runoff entries in European environmental risk assessment [25], e.g. using the software SWAN [8].
The runoff reduction factor f was calculated using the runoff mass fluxes as evaluated by PRZM (and used as input for TOXSWA) on the day of the corresponding PECsw,max causing event in the simulations with micro-dams. These dates for with or without micro-dam installation were different in the R1 and R3 scenarios and identical in R2. In R1 and R3, the micro-dams were causing a delay, i.e. a later event delivered PECsw,max under the mitigated condition.
A corresponding PECsw,max for a situation without micro-dams \(\left( {{\text{PEC}}_{\text{sw}}^{{{\text{no }}\;{\text{mitigation}}}} } \right)\), that was required for the calculation of the mitigated PECsw,max (\({\text{PEC}}_{\text{sw}}^{\text{mitigation}} )\), using Eqs. (7) and (8) was derived with the TOXSWA metamodel [1], since it is not an output of TOXSWA.
Results and discussion
Table 2 lists the various effects of the application of micro-dams in potatoes and the distinct measures in maize cultivation as derived herein, both in measurable quantities and in subsequently derived runoff CN. Table 3 shows the effects of a CN reduction on maximum predicted environmental concentrations (PECsw,max), for example FOCUS assessments for potatoes and three example substances.
Table 3 Results from lowering the standard values of the runoff curve number (CN; intermediate antecedent moisture conditions, AMC II) by 10%: maximum predicted environmental concentrations for surface water (PECsw,max) (µg/l), calculated using FOCUS PRZM and TOXSWA and the standard scenarios for potatoes; The recalculated PECsw,max are based on runoff mass fluxes from FOCUS PRZM, considering a dilution from the upper catchment in the stream scenarios
Observed effects of the management practices in the measurable quantities
All mitigation measures lead to a decrease in runoff from the agricultural fields (Table 2)—by 86% (± 7%) on average in the potato trials and by 51% (± 9%) in the maize trials, respectively. Similarly, the eroded sediment quantities were lowered—by 90% (± 6%) and 71% (± 6%), PPP loss was reduced (where applicable) by 88% (± 4%) in potato trials and by 46% (± 12%) in maize trials.
Effects in derived curve numbers
The runoff reductions are reflected in lower CN, which were subsequently derived herein. Table 2 lists averages and percentiles; in Additional file 1, all single data are listed.
Potatoes
The evaluation of the field studies suggests that the potential application of micro-dams justifies a reduction of the average runoff CN for surface water exposure modelling. Here, the calculated reduction is on average 21 points from the mean CN of the untreated trials of 86. Keeping in mind, runoff being a non-linear function of CN, an estimation for an analogous average reduction of the default value of 82 (e.g. during growing phases) in the FOCUS standard scenarios R1 and R3 can be made to be approximately 20 points, the 10th percentile being approximately 10 points (here: 12 points). For R2 with the default value of 78, the values of the proposed reductions can be assumed to be identical.
In Olivier et al. [29], a rainfall-weighted average (each individual event is weighted by the corresponding amount of precipitation) of CN = 83 for the untreated setup was derived, being the result of 13 single events. Hence, this result was close to the standard FOCUS value of CN = 82. In 4 of the 17 events, the basin at the end of the untreated trial site was overflown. Consequently, the "true" extent of the mitigation could not be inferred in these cases, and the overall average constitutes an underestimation of the overall actual mitigation.
The two trials from Goffart et al. [21] consisted of three locations, each observed for 1 year. The absolute values of the calculated CN were much lower than those for the other studies (Additional file 1: Table S3). Due to the conceptual difference, the CN derived here were not included in the calculation of the averages.
In Aurbacher et al. [6], the reported overview table of 35 studies allowed for a calculation of one single average value of reduction. A CN reduction of 36 points (from 75 to 39) was derived from the annually reported data.
After the application of artificial rain of 40 mm in the trial of Areas [3], an average reduction of 19 points (CN 92 to 73) was observed over the two setups with dry and humid initial conditions, respectively. The CN in the later study of Areas [4] was reduced to a very similar extent: after 30 mm of artificial rain, the CN was decreased by 17 points (CN 95 to 78).
Maize
The outcome of the maize trials investigating the applications of disc plough or drum plough can be summarized as a reduction of the average CN of 73 to 70 points. This also implies a reduction of 3 points in the FOCUS standard scenarios R1–R4.
For the trial of CIPF [7], conducted over a complete season and averaged over two repetitions of the treatments on different slopes, an overall precipitation-weighted reduction of 3 points (from 68 to 65) was derived (Additional file 1: Table S14). The differences between the two applied techniques and slopes were considerably small.
In UCL [41], the average over the two reported events was CN = 78 for the untreated setup and CN = 74 for the setups after treatment with disc or drum plough.
Example calculations of predicted environmental concentrations
In the numerical simulations for risk assessment using FOCUS PRZM, edge-of-field concentrations in runoff are not necessarily reduced when lowering the CN, since both water and mass fluxes are reduced. However, PECs in the receiving water body will be reduced by dilution due to the contribution of unmodified streamflow from the upstream catchment.
A considerable reduction of the concentrations reaching the surface water body is achieved when the installation of micro-dams causes a time-delay of the mass entries by eliminating events closer to application and, consequently, more time for leaching and degradation becomes available.
To consider the effects of micro-dam application adequately, the fact that only the treated agricultural field is assumed to be equipped with micro-dams can be taken into account. Then other areas of the upper-stream catchment contribute to a dilution with the inflow of the not-mitigated amount of water in the surface water body.
Table 3 lists the PECsw,max after globally decreasing the value for the CN in the input files for the standard potato scenario by 10% (and otherwise conducting a regular assessment) and additionally recalculating the PECsw,max taking the effect of dilution from the upper-stream catchment into account. Table S16 in Additional file 1 shows the detailed results after the recalculation, i.e. PRZM runoff fluxes with and without the application of micro-dams, the corresponding reduction factors f and PECsw,max.
In the stream scenarios R1 and R3, the specific runoff events that lead to the PECsw,max are later ones due to the application of micro-dams (R1: 10 days for ACL and FLZ, 13 days for MTB; R3 for all three: 18 days). There, the PECsw,max-decreasing effect of globally lowering the CN is higher than for R2.
Due to the interplay of runoff and erosion driven by runoff, a general statement whether highly mobile (less sorptive) or less mobile (higher sorptive) substances are more affected by a reduction of CN cannot be given.
Consequences for risk assessment and risk management
The trials under investigation in this study show a great extent of heterogeneity due to the differences in the execution of the field trials (Table 1) and the type of reporting (i.e. either reported for single events or as multiple events over a complete season). Nevertheless, the averaged results are considered suitable to quantify the effects of micro-dams in potato and maize cultivation.
In risk assessment in case micro-dams or similar techniques are applied, either a conservative default mitigation effectiveness can be used or a higher-tier assessment can be conducted, as, e.g. deriving PRZM CN for specific measures as presented here for micro-dams. The SETAC MAgPIE workshop [35] proposed to generally lower the mean CN by 3 points (or alternatively reduce the surface water concentration by 50%) to account for micro-dams or other in-field bunds. The findings in this report for potato cultivation suggest reductions of CN far beyond the recommendation of the MAgPIE workshop of only a 3-point reduction, which was however based on one study only, which is not generally accessible.
Generally, the choice of CN has considerable consequences: for small-to-moderate rain events the predicted amount of runoff is proven to be highly sensitive to wrong assumptions of CN [23]. For example, an overestimation of CN by 10%, for a precipitation of 5 mm and CN = 80 (which is in the range of the standard values for potatoes and maize) leads to an overestimation of runoff by 100%.
General considerations
For the effective prevention of surface runoff and erosion it is advised to minimize runoff generation on-site (via increasing infiltration) and to maximize runoff retention off-site (e.g. via buffer strips). On-site runoff prevention should always be the preferred option because it reduces the risk of high runoff flow velocities and the generation of rill-flow which makes off-site runoff retention much more difficult and expensive. It has been reported, that an increase in the quantity of runoff leads to an exponential increase in pesticide transfer from the field, whereas subsequent measures, i.e. buffer strips lead to a linear decrease in pesticide transfer when capturing runoff and erosion [35].
Besides the reduction of runoff, the practice to create micro-dams is reported to lead to an improved water and nutrient supply in the agricultural field and consequently to a yield increase [22, 34, 37]. Hence, the application of these mitigation practices shows many benefits and can adequately be included in the risk assessment, if applied by the farmer.
Conclusion
Following the application of micro-dams, the runoff water volume in the field trials was substantially reduced, on average by 86% for potatoes and 51% for maize. The reduction percentages for the plant protection products were very similar to the reduction of the water runoff, on average by 88% for potatoes and 46% for maize. Even more reduced was the eroded soil mass, on average by 90% for potatoes and 71% for maize.
The reductions of the runoff water volume were translated into reduction of the runoff curve number (CN). In the regulatory exposure assessment context, generally realistic worst-case assumptions are made for distributed driving variables such as CN to safeguard a sufficiently conservative assessment. Based on the findings in this report, we propose a 10-point reduction of the CN for the FOCUS R1–R3 potato scenarios which conservatively represents the 10th percentile of measured reductions and a 3-point reduction (mean from two studies) of the CN for maize to account for the mitigation of runoff and erosion losses from treated fields by micro-dams.
As conclusion from this study, we recommend the adoption of CN reductions due to micro-dams in potatoes and other comparable measures in maize into the regulatory exposure assessment. We propose an absolute reduction of the CN in risk assessment in accordance with the findings in this study.
In risk assessment, the installation of micro-dams can be considered in a higher-tier calculation which will lead to reduced predicted environmental concentrations.
Availability of data and material
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article, i.e. in additional file.
Abbreviations
AMC:
Antecedent moisture condition
CN:
Curve number
EFSA:
European Food Safety Agency
FOCUS:
FOrum for Co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their Use
MAgPIE:
Mitigating the risks of plant protection products in the environment
PEC:
Predicted environmental concentration
PECsw:
Predicted environmental concentration for the surface water compartment
PPP:
Plant protection product
PRZM:
Pesticide root zone model
SETAC:
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
TOXSWA:
TOXic substances in Surface Waters
USDA:
United States Department of Agriculture
References
1.
Adriaanse PI, Van Leerdam RC, Boesten JJTI (2017) The effect of the runoff size on the pesticide concentration in runoff water and in FOCUS streams simulated by PRZM and TOXSWA. Sci Total Environ 584–585:268–281
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W) and Ulg-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech for collaboration in the potato trials and Centre Indépendant de Promotion Fourragère (CIPF) in the maize trials.
Funding
The work on this manuscript and the evaluations shown therein were funded by Bayer AG. The trials of Olivier et al. [29] and CIPF [7] were conducted in behalf of the Bayer AG.
Contributions
SS analyzed and interpreted the field data (newly designed and from literature), calculated the curve numbers and predicted environmental concentrations. RS guided the evaluation and was major contributor to the manuscript. DB was responsible for the conduction and evaluation of the field trials by the contractor companies and provided very valuable practical expertise. KH provided the strategy to derive the predicted environmental concentrations according to the European risk assessment framework and was a major contributor to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Additional information
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https://enveurope.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12302-020-00362-1
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3PL vs In House Logistics: Making the Right Choice
Making the choice between Third-Party Logistics (3PL) and in-house logistics is a pivotal decision in the world of supply chain management. It's a decision that can have a profound impact on the efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and overall success of your business operations. In this segment, we'll delve a bit deeper into the importance of this decision while maintaining a professional yet approachable tone.
The Crossroads of Logistics
Imagine your business as a complex network of interlocking pieces, each representing a crucial aspect of your supply chain. From sourcing raw materials to delivering finished products into the hands of your customers, each step in this intricate dance must be executed seamlessly for your enterprise to thrive. This is where the choice between 3PL and in-house logistics comes into play, a decision that stands as a crossroads in your journey toward supply chain excellence.
Why This Choice Matters
Now, you might be wondering, "Why is this decision so crucial?" The answer lies in the very essence of modern supply chain management. In today's highly competitive and rapidly evolving business landscape, the efficiency and flexibility of your logistics operations can either propel your business forward or hold it back.
Cost-Effectiveness: The logistics segment often represents a significant portion of a company's operational expenses. Choosing the right logistics model can help you optimize costs without compromising service quality.
Expertise: Supply chain logistics is a specialized field. It involves intricate planning, technology utilization, and regulatory compliance. Having experts in your corner can make all the difference.
Scalability: The ability to scale your logistics operations up or down as needed is vital for growth and adaptation to market changes.
Risk Mitigation: Unexpected disruptions are an unfortunate reality in the world of logistics. How effectively you handle these challenges can significantly impact your bottom line and reputation.
1. Efficiency: A Streamlined Supply Chain
Efficiency is the heartbeat of your supply chain. It's about orchestrating each step with precision, ensuring that products flow seamlessly from suppliers to customers. A streamlined, efficient supply chain brings forth several advantages:
Cost Reduction: Efficiency minimizes waste and excess, leading to cost savings that can be reinvested in other areas of your business. Whether it's reducing excess inventory or optimizing routes for transportation, efficiency trims the fat from your budget.
Minimized Delays: Delays in your supply chain can be costly and frustrating, affecting both your bottom line and customer satisfaction. Efficiency ensures that products reach their destinations on time, reducing disruptions and bottlenecks.
Enhanced Customer Satisfaction: When your supply chain hums along smoothly, your customers benefit. They receive their orders promptly, encounter fewer errors, and enjoy a consistent and reliable experience. This not only fosters loyalty but also encourages positive word-of-mouth.
Responsiveness to Change: The business landscape is dynamic, with market fluctuations and consumer demands constantly evolving. An efficient supply chain equips you to adapt swiftly, seize opportunities, and navigate challenges.
2. Cost-Effectiveness: Optimizing Expenses
Logistics often represents a significant chunk of a company's operational expenses. The choice between 3PL and in-house logistics can significantly impact your cost-effectiveness.
3PL Cost Savings: Outsourcing logistics to a 3PL provider can lead to significant cost savings. They can leverage their resources, infrastructure, and expertise to optimize your supply chain, often at a lower cost compared to maintaining in-house logistics operations.
Reduced Capital Expenditure: Managing in-house logistics requires substantial investments in facilities, equipment, and personnel. 3PL providers can help you avoid these capital expenditures, freeing up resources for other critical aspects of your business.
Flexible Pricing Models: Many 3PLs offer flexible pricing models, allowing you to pay for the services you need, when you need them. This can lead to cost-efficiency by avoiding unnecessary fixed costs.
3. Expertise: The Power of Specialization
Supply chain logistics is a specialized field that demands a deep understanding of intricate planning, technology utilization, and regulatory compliance. Having experts in your corner can make all the difference:
3PL Expertise: 3PL providers are specialists in logistics. They bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the table, staying up-to-date with the latest industry trends and best practices.
Access to Technology: 3PLs often invest in state-of-the-art logistics technology, which can provide you with better visibility, real-time tracking, and data analytics capabilities that are essential for making informed decisions.
Regulatory Compliance: Navigating the complex world of international shipping and compliance requirements can be a daunting task. 3PLs are well-versed in these regulations, ensuring that your logistics operations stay compliant and avoid costly penalties.
4. Scalability: Adapting to Market Changes
The ability to scale your logistics operations according to market changes is pivotal for your business's growth and adaptation. A scalable logistics model offers several advantages:
Flexibility: Scalability equips you to respond to both seasonal fluctuations and unexpected spikes in demand without overcommitting resources during quieter periods.
Market Expansion: If you're looking to expand into new markets, a scalable logistics solution can help you do so seamlessly, without the need for significant capital investments.
5. Risk Mitigation: Navigating the Unforeseen
In the world of logistics, disruptions are inevitable. Unexpected events, from natural disasters to supply chain interruptions, can impact your operations. How effectively you handle these challenges can significantly impact your bottom line and reputation:
3PL Risk Management: Many 3PLs have established risk mitigation strategies and contingency plans in place. They can help you navigate disruptions more effectively, reducing downtime and minimizing financial losses.
Insurance and Liability: 3PLs often provide insurance coverage, mitigating potential financial risks associated with lost or damaged goods during transit progress
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e300ccbe-528d-494e-bf91-32758ae3c6a6
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https://www.ol-usa.com/3pl-vs-in-house-logistics-making-the-right-choice/
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10 Replies
Storyline 360 and Storyline 3 create step-by-step slides based on the clicks during a screen recording. Are you noticing the text isn't thoroughly explaining the steps from the recording? If so, step-by-step slides are fully customizable. The text boxes can be edited as well as the motion path for the mouse.
Based on your post, it sounds like the Screencast feature works in other areas like a web page or powerpoint slide for example. Are you recording this program on a full screen or a smaller window? If you haven't tried already, could I have you try to record the Screencast on a smaller window?
The print screen button will create a break point in the video as if you had pressed a button just press it at the same time as when you press the mouse button, it is probably worth raising a support case to see why it doesn't work.
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66c7aa5f-e4dc-4248-a674-3c82998f4fa4
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https://community.articulate.com/discussions/articulate-storyline/storyline-does-not-record-correctly
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Adam And Eve: Sleepwalker
Adam and Eve: Sleepwalker is yet another instalment from the amazing Adam and Eve series that you can play here on jogos pbs kids. In this adventure, Adam has unwittingly fallen asleep – he is now sleepwalking on a dangerous ice mountain. You must help our sleepy hero sleepwalk to safety and avoid all of the obstacles in his way.
After all of those adventures, it looks like Adam has become a sleepwalker. After everything he has experienced during rescue missions of his beloved one, it is not surprising at all. However, this situation got him into a lot of trouble, because he woke up at a place, he had never seen before. He would like to get back home to his bed and continue sleeping, but without your help, he will probably fail this mission.
Because on the way back, there are several obstacles that you will have to solve out. These are logical puzzles, so you will not be bored! And who knows, if he does not get a sweet surprise at home... Sometimes the correct path may not be obvious and you must take time to consider how the objects interact with each other. Work your way through each level and bring our Adam home safely to his bed!
Hope you love this game and if you want to play other similar games, you can try Snail Bob. Check out at our site and you can find many other interesting types of games. Enjoy your time!
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https://pbskidsgames.games/adam-and-eve-sleepwalker.html
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As part of a long, busy weekend, Travis Scott took the stage Saturday for the latest episode of NBC's Saturday Night Live.
The season's second episode, hosted by Crazy Rich Asians and Ocean's 8 actress Awkwafina, saw Scott performing a medley of "Skeletons" and "Astrothunder" as well as "Sicko Mode," from his recent album Astroworld. For the first performance of the night, he was joined by Tame Impala ringleader Kevin Parker, John Mayer and producer Mike Dean.
Elsewhere during the SNL episode, Scott also appeared alongside Awkwafina, Kenan Thompson and Leslie Jones for a dance battle skit, in which the foursome triumphed with the backing of the Jeopardy theme song.
Featured Stories
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https://variancemagazine.com/sights/9785-travis-scott-saturday-night-live
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Advance Flotation Process Iron Ore
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About Brigitte
Registered Senior Yoga Teacher with Yoga Alliance Professionals
My love affair with yoga began at the tender age of 18 when I worked at a Health Farm as a Beauty Therapist. It was there that I discovered (old school) Hatha yoga. It was nowhere near as hip, cool and main stream as it is today, in fact it was quite basic, however, after about a year, I began to realize that I was not only more flexible but that I also felt really calm after my yoga class, I was hooked.
However, soon after I turned 21, it was the late 'Eighties' and London was beckoning, so I swapped the Health Farm and Yoga for a high flying Executive Career with a large well known Cosmetics company. I was very quickly introduced to a taste of the high life, from; big hair, big shoulder pads, company car, champagne lunches in plush London hotels to promotional trips abroad. I worked 24/7 and with that came big pay cheques but also big stress levels!
Fast forward to the late 90's, I was married with 2 lovely children, lived in a beautiful house in the country and had the lifestyle to match, on the outside my life looked picture perfect, but behind closed doors, I knew different, my marriage was falling apart and I certainly wasn't living my truth but I couldn't see a way out.
It was at this time that I was introduced to a very different style of yoga, Ashtanga Vinyasa, and so began my next love affair with yoga. I practiced Ashtanga religiously twice a week for 3 years, I totally got it. Yoga got me out of my head and in to my heart, it made me more aware of my innermost feelings, it made me feel free and more connected to my intuition, I decided that I wanted to learn more. At this time, by chance, my yoga teacher had just taken a class in a yoga studio in Cornwall with Bridget Woods Kramer.
Bridget was teaching a new style of yoga (after spending several years in the States studying personally with John Friend), it was named 'Anusara Yoga', so I looked her up and booked her very first training courses of Anusara in the UK. That first week of training with Bridget absolutely intensified and sealed my passion for yoga forever and had a profound effect on the direction my life was about to take. She is such a sweet, humble, caring lady and has magnified my understanding of yoga in infinite ways. I am so immensely grateful to her for everything she has taught me on and off the mat over the years. I will always refer to her as my primary teacher, she is now also a dear friend whom I don't see nearly often enough.
After my first training with Bridget in the Spring of 2003, I started teaching almost immediately and doors have been opening for me ever since. At first I was asked to cover a couple of classes in local health clubs, then before I knew it, within a year, I had 18 regular classes per week which was not ideal and exhausting to say the least. However I found that practising and teaching yoga was my dharma, it also helped me through an extremely traumatic, intense and difficult period of my life. Yoga was my lifeline of sanity and stability, it literally offered me the strength to process a family death, an abusive alcoholic relationship, my divorce, bankruptcy, as well as giving me the empowerment to raise and support my 2 children as a single Mum and move forwards in my life – those classes also paid my bills.
Fast forward again and that seems like a lifetime ago, as the saying goes, 'after the dark times there is always light'. I am now an established yoga teacher with 17 years of teaching experience and have accumulated over 2000 hours of personal development, training and study over this time which has qualified me as a Registered Senior Yoga Teacher with Yoga Alliance Professionals UK. I have been privileged to study and learn from numerous world class teachers of immeasurable excellence and consequently, have gained a wealth of knowledge, skill and experience in many different styles of yoga.
I now happily remarried and live in Woburn Sands, Milton Keynes with my husband Brian, my cats and dog. Brian is also a yoga teacher and my absolute rock, we live a contented life and share the same beliefs, goals and visions for our future. My children are now grown up, my son is a very talented artist/musician and is currently taking a couple of years out travelling the world, and my daughter has moved to London where she is building a great career in the city. I am hugely proud of them both, they have turned in to completely well rounded, kind, generous, friendly individuals and they totally get the philosophy behind what I do,
So my life now – I practice, study, teach and mentor yoga, I write, I read, I walk my dog every day in the beautiful woods near us, I'm always listening to an eclectic genre of music, I love socialising and going out once in a while but also am just as content staying in, spending time with my family, cooking and entertaining friends at home. I love exploring different cultures, travelling, festivals and generally living my life to its richest potential these days.
I believe that when we can align our Body, Mind and Heart, we are literally choosing to become more conscious – of ourselves, others and the world around us. My yoga journey has taught me to sit with my shit, process it and then to make self affirming choices, I can choose to be inspired, live my truth, grow and evolve in to a more balanced happier person or choose to live a life of lies, regrets and unhappiness. Yoga has given me back my freedom of spirit, it's opened my heart to love, it's given my mind such clarity. Its enabled me to wholeheartedly embrace every moment and cherish all that life has to offer. It has also encouraged me to seek adventure, try new things and above all laugh and have fun. I feel that the greatest danger in life is routine and becoming regimented.
Lastly, the most fantastic thing about teaching yoga is that I will always be a student, there is always room for further study and positive personal growth, there is no arrival point of knowledge. I am passionate about what I do and I feel blessed that I am able to impart and share my learning experiences so that I can inspire confidence, promote healing, and offer a sense of well being to others .
Testimonials
These testimonials make me feel so very privileged to do what I do. They are personal and lovely. Thank you to all of you for giving me permission to publish them here and for your ongoing studentship and friendship. B xx
I have been on the most incredible journey with Brigitte and have been honoured to learn from her and with her. She teaches from her heart and her reality, this has inspired me to make my own journey into teaching knowing, from her example, that I can be a real person and a yoga teacher.
Geni Ebbets
Brigitte's classes always make me happy. She teaches from her heart and draws on her huge amount of knowledge and experience to give each person in her class a special practice, tailored to them. Be prepared to play!
Lisa Cook
Brigitte has been a part of my yoga journey for around 6 years. I've been practicing for ever & am now teaching yoga myself. I have been lucky enough to share many a workshop & magical retreat with her. Brigitte keeps it real & teaches from the heart. I love her classes. Her teaching is inspiring, dynamic, intelligently planned & sequenced, challenging, yet playful. She brings to her teaching the perfect mix of enthusiasm, inspiration & authenticity. But most importantly, Brigitte teaches her students how to take yoga into their everyday life; a very special gift. A very special yoga teacher. Love her!
Sally Crawford
I have been practicing yoga with Brigitte for a number of years and have also been lucky enough to join her on several retreats. Brigitte is an inspiring and knowledgeable teacher, her enthusiasm is contagious. She is one of those charismatic people who have the rare quality of creating an atmosphere of self belief and trust. I began practicing yoga following a devastating period in my life when I lost someone very dear to me. In addition to this I work with children who have experienced extreme loss and trauma. The work can leave me feeling sad and empty at times. On my journey to experience and learn yoga I had a desire to build physical strength and flexibility. Whilst this began to take place, an extraordinary emotional strength and spiritual awareness also grew. I have found that Brigitte sprinkles a little bit of magic in her classes and on her retreats and if we are open to this we can sense this in our hearts and feel the warmth. I am left feeling energised and full of serenity and joy both physically and emotionally stronger and more able to face the world again. Thank you Brigitte for bringing colour back into my world.
Pene Sinnott
When I first went along to one of Brigitte's classes I had absolutely no idea what I was letting myself in for. I was somewhat sceptical and not just a little apprehensive. However, Brigitte's such a great tutor. She makes everything fall into place so effortlessly – helping even a real novice like me assume positions that I'd never ever dreamed of. At times I still can't quite understand why I'd even want to. All I know is that, with Brigitte's encouragement, I do (even if, I have to admit, its not always with the greatest of success). But it's not the physical side of things that keeps me going back for more. Precisely what it is, I don't yet really know. Maybe it's to do with the feeling that with Brigitte's help I'm finally learning to be at peace with myself and the world around me. The one thing I am certain about though is that from the moment I sit on my mat at the beginning of each session I feel privileged simply to be a part of it.
Pete Wong
I started to practice yoga with Brigitte in 2008 and put simply, it has had a profoundly positive effect on my life to the extent that I am now a yoga teacher myself. If I am able to impart a tenth of the inspiration, hope and joy in my own students as she has in me, then I know that I'm on the right track.
Kay Parker
Brigitte is not only a wonderful teacher, she is an incredibly warm person who makes her classes a real personal experience. Whether you're bendy and flexible, or your body likes to hold on to tension, Brigitte always has a suggestion for alternatives which will maximise the benefits you gain from her class. Her passion for yoga shines through, and I always come out of her classes feeling amazing.
Annabel Caulfield
Brigitte teaches from the heart, underpinned by a wealth of knowledge and experience. She just seems to know when you need an easier option or when you need to be challenged. Her vinyasa classes can be strong and dynamic or smooth and soulful. Her yin classes will stretch your muscles and her restorative classes leave you nourished. She can guide you in meditation and relax you with yoga nidra. Her urban retreat days and her international retreat holidays will leave you completely refreshed and relaxed.
Brigitte is a compassionate and caring person with a love of life and a sense of humour.
Karen Roberts
Brigitte's beautifully designed classes are a culmination of her years of experience and her innate ability to connect with her students. She manages to gently encourage her beginners, yet stretch her experienced yoginis; to be soulful, yet playful, all at the same time. Brigitte's authenticity and wonderful philosophy make every session meaningful, and her teachings always inspire me to take something forward into my daily life. Whether it's vinyasa, yin, meditation, or nidra, she brings her own unqiue magic every time, and her sessions and retreats always leave me feeling 'smoothed out' in both body and mind.
Lorie Sutton
Brigitte is an amazing person and brings all her skills, passion, compassion and joy of life in to her classes. It doesn't matter if you are a beginner or an experienced practitioner, you always learn something new to help you on your journey.
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Accessibility
The Site is brought to you by Sinclair Pharma Ltd (Sinclair). Our registered office is 30-32 Whitfield Street, Whitfield Court, London, W1T 2RQ with company registration number 03816616.
SinclairSinclair has designed the SiteThe 12 accessibility guidelines are:
Provide text alternatives for non-text content.
Provide captions and alternatives for audio and video content.
Make content adaptable; and make it available to assistive technologies.
Use sufficient contrast to make things easy to see and hear.
Make all functionality keyboard accessible.
Give users enough time to read and use content.
Do not use content that causes seizures.
Help users navigate and find content.
Make text readable and understandable.
Make content appear and operate in predictable ways.
Help users avoid and correct mistakes.
Maximize compatibility with current and future technologies.
There are three levels of conformance to the accessibility guidelines: A (lowest), AA, and AAA (highest) and our aim is to conform to AA Level. However these are guidelines only and in some instances it is not practical to conform exactly to all checkpoints. If you have any queries about the accessibility of this website please contact [email protected]
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10 Facts you did not know About Anti-Aging
Aging is a factor to every person. Once we are born we get to grow from young age to older age. There are some changes that we are likely to experience when we age. The changes including aging.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Aging comes in all shape. Commonly, aging is associated with wrinkled skin and folds. The skins get to sag as we grow older. Aging normally starts to appear when we are 20. To slow the rate of aging, there are some products majorly creams that reduce the speed of aging. The anti-aging products are so many in the market and here are some of the facts you need to know about these products;
1. Anti-Aging Products have Different Prices
Normally the anti-aging products are categorized and tagged with different prices. The prices are just but the manufacturer's wish. Many people may think that the most expensive anti-aging products are the best products to use. This is not true at ll. You should not go for the expensive products instead you need to now the products that are best for your skin.
2. Anti-Aging Products are made of Different Ingredients
The anti-aging creams, serums, and lotions are made of, different ingredients. Therefore when purchasing them, you need to be very keen to find out what their ingredients are. Most common ingredient that works best for almost every aging person are the antioxidants, and those with hyaluronic acids. Skins can react differently to these ingredients and it is wise then to know your skin.
3. Why Antioxidant Rich Serum are good
The antioxidant-based products are the best to be used as anti-aging. The reason why this component is very important is that it gives better protection against environmental free radicals. This will in turn keep your skin radiant and very healthy.
4. Early use of Anti-Aging Products is good
The wrinkles and folds that appear as a result of aging normally start to appear at very young age. Therefore using the anti-aging products at early 20 will help to reduce the aging process. The use of anti-aging products should be also consistent, not at one point should one stop to use as the wrinkles may appear more frequent than before.
5. Sunscreen as an Anti-aging Product
When one is exposed to too much sunlight the skin tend to smoke and tan. The smoking and the turning of the skin are the biggest contributors to the development of the wrinkles. Therefore when exposed to the sun it is good to always use sunscreen creams to avoid aging fast. Sunscreen are the best since they provide UV protection unlike some of the anti-aging products.
6. Just a Single Anti-Aging Product is enough
When you are looking for lasting solution to your skin, it is important to be consistent in the use of cream. Hoping from one cream to another will not help rather it has more dangers. When different anti-aging products are mixed their affectivity is lowered. The best thing to do is to identify the best product for your skin and use it consistently. Other products may promise best results but may not work with your skin.
7. Creams and Serums are two Different Things
The two can be used simultaneously. The creams are mainly used to provide skin hydration and nourishment. Creams are used to treat deeper skin as they contain active ingredients. The active ingredients have the ability to interact with the deeper layers of the skin and thus for better results it is good to use them both.
8. Change of Routine on the Use of Anti-Aging
As one ages, the wrinkles and folds becomes more intense. Therefore the frequency of the use of the anti-aging products should as well be increased to counter the increasing risks. The skin may also become used to the product and thus you need to adopt a better product.
9. Botox and Filler Injections
Will these kind of treatment help to reduce aging? It may help to lessen the wrinkles in your face but will not last for long. The Botox procedures are only meant for that time and will not prevent further aging.
10. Application of Anti-aging Products
The application of these product depends on the type of your skin. For the dry skins, it is advisable to apply the cream at night, the same thing for the sensitive skin. For the oily skin, it is good to apply in the morning hours. One needs to know their skin patterns before adopting the use of anti-aging products
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Are marsquakes anything like earthquakes? NASA is about to find out.
A new spacecraft that's due to land soon on Mars will investigate why and how much the red planet rumbles.
ByNadia Drake
Published November 20, 2018
• 8 min read
On Earth, we call them earthquakes, and on the moon they're called moonquakes. On Mars? They'd be marsquakes—except no one really knows how frequently the red planet jiggles and shakes, or how big those marsquakes can get.
But humans could soon find out just how much the fourth rock from the sun is rocking and rolling: NASA's newest Mars-exploring spacecraft, called InSight, blasted off from California's Vandenberg Air Force Base on Saturday at 4:05 a.m. Pacific time, marking the first time an interplanetary probe has launched from the West Coast. The spacecraft has since been cruising through the solar system and is due to rendezvous with Mars around 3 p.m. ET on November 26.
Unlike many Mars missions that have
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Create a free account to continue and get unlimited access to hundreds of Nat Geo articles, plus newsletters.
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10 Spring Cleaning Tasks to Do Now
by
I know it is hard to believe, but spring really is right around the corner. And once it comes, you are going to want to head outside, right? This is the perfect time to get some impactful spring cleaning done before you come down with Spring Fever.
Clean Out the Kids' Closets
This is generally the time of year that consignment shops are accepting spring and summer clothing. Go through the kid's clothes to see what doesn't fit and separate that pile into consignment, donate, give to a friend/family member. Then put these bags in your car and schedule these errands on your calendar. Who knows, you might make some money.
Clean Out Your Closet If you don't feel like doing a complete and thorough clean out, just try on your spring and summer clothes. Do they still fit? Are they in good condition (no stains or tears)? Do you like how you look in them? If you answered "no" to any of these questions, remove the item from your closet. Also check your shoes and bags. Donate or consign the items you no longer want or need.
Vacuum Refrigerator Coils
Have you vacuumed your refrigerator coils yet this year? This is something we do every year. And by "we" I mean my husband who is so good at this particular task. It is a pain but it prolongs the life of the refrigerator and helps it run smoothly.
Wipe Baseboards and Window Sills
Are your baseboards and window sills fuzzy? I know you have to bend over pretty far to see the baseboards, but how do they look? Even if they get vacuumed every now and then, nothing beats a damp wipe with a rag.
De-Germ Light Switches, Door Handles, and Remotes Imagine how germy the light switches and door handles are, not to mention the remotes! This is a job for Lysol/Clorox wipes. Grab the container and head around the house to get all of these offenders. Don't forget the outside door handles, which are probably the dirtiest, and the refrigerator, oven, and microwave handles, too.
Vacuum House Vents Have you ever noticed fur growing out of the vents in your house? Grab a portable vacuum and step stool and suck out the dirt in both the intakes and outflows.
Wash Window Screens
If your screens seem gunky or dirty, take them out of the windows and put them in the shower. Spray them with cleaner and use a cleaning brush or rag to lightly scrub them down. Rinse with the shower head and dry in the shower stall. Easy, right?
Clean Comforters & Bedding
When is the last time you cleaned the comforters or duvets in the house? Now is a good time. Also, did you know you that bed sheets and bath towels should be washed in hot water? It kills the dust mites!
Pillows/Stuffed Animals/Stuffed Dog Toys If you can't wash your throw pillows or stuffed animals, you can kill dust mites by tossing them in the dryer on the high heat setting for 10 minutes. Make sure the stuffed animals can take the heat. If they are delicate, you might want to use a hand held vacuum. Throw stuffed dog toys in the washer on the hot setting. If you only have a few toys, put some rags or towels in with them. Tumble dry and they will be very clean!
Sofa
I bet your sofa has gotten lots of use this winter. Take all of the cushions off and vacuum underneath. Also vacuum the cushions, the top and outside of the sofa. If you can, move the sofa and vacuum under it. Who knows what you might find!
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About Admin
Site Owner & Administrator. Admin lives in Australia and established CastleTV.net in April 2008. Follow her on Twitter & Facebook for all the latest Castle news.
Celine
Nathan Fillion / Castle as James Bond !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
That's awsome ! Love it !
Ali, Sr.
Nathan is most definitely our most favorite ever GEEK GOD !!!! A great actor who does not take himself too seriously , even though he is also "RUGGEDLY HANDSOME" Great start to Castle Season 5 – continued success.
aussiecastlefan
Oh My Gosh.l…..
castle freak
H-O-T
aussiecastlefan
Is there any chance that someone in the US can buy and send me a copy of this magazine. I would really love it but from what I can see that they are only selling the magazine on line in subscriptions not single copies. If someone is willing to do this please let me know and I will make arrangement to get the money to them.
catluver aka Donna
Boy was Geek magazine smart. Not only did they do a fabulous shoot of Nathan but they made 2 covers so you HAVE to buy 2. So worth it.The article was great too.
acgray26
I would gladly help you out aussiecastlefan if I can find the magazine. I have been to several stores today and nobody had it.
aussiecastlefan
Thank you acgray26 . If you can do that I would appreciated that but make siure you get yourself one first.
acgray26
You're very welcome! I was able to find the magazine online at Barnes and Noble but before I buy it, I am going to go tomorrow and see if they have it in stores. I will let you know how things go.
acgray26
P.S. Which one would you like? I noticed it is a split cover.
acgray26
But after looking at the magazine again and reading catluver post, I will have to buy 2 of them
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10 Signs That You Have Improperly Filed Your Taxes
Everyone knows that filing your taxes can be a huge headache. While it can be a pain, it's definitely not something you want to take lightly.
Most people get them mailed out way before the deadline ever gets close. Others have a bit more complicated tax system they have to file. For those who think they might have made a mistake here or there, beware.
Here is a list of signs that you may have improperly filed your tax return.
1. Your wife calls and tells you that she will be filing as "Single" next year.
2. You kid tells you that someone took their toys saying they were back payment.
3. You wake up and your bed has been moved into the front yard with a sign on your house "Property of the IRS."
4. You find yourself claiming that nothing you own actually belongs to you.
5. Turbo Tax sends you an email confirmation which consists only of a middle finger.
6. Your tax refund check is more than your income over the last five years.
7. Wesley Snipes sends you a Facebook friend request asking you to be "roomies."
8. H&R Block sends you a sympathy Hallmark card.
9. Your impromptu lunch date turns out to be an IRS collections agent.
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About Hillbillion Estate
About Hillbillion Estate applian
appliances such as an oven and microwave. Begin your day with a delectable breakfast spread, serving a wide range of continental and à la carte options.
Immerse yourself in the beauty of our sun terrace, where you can bask in the warm sunrays and revel in the tranquility of your surroundings. Take advantage of our complimentary parking facility and relish a refreshing drink at our in-house bar.
Port Shepstone, our enchanting locale, boasts a myriad of attractions for you to explore. Discover the vibrant South Coast Mall, the charming Oribi Plaza, the prestigious Port Shepstone Country Club, the captivating Mbumbazi Nature Reserve, and the picturesque Butterfly Valley Ramsgate. Each of these landmarks promise an unforgettable experience that will leave you in awe.
Come and experience the splendor of Hillbillion Estate and embark on a remarkable journey in the heart of Port Shepstone.
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https://www.safarinow.com/go/hillbillion-estate-port-shepstone-self-catering/
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4-Pin Parfait Door Locks
Introducing our 4-Pin Parfait Door Locks, a sleek and stylish way to secure your indoor bedroom door. Made with high-quality polished aluminum material, these door locks are not only durable but also pleasing to the eye. The universal door handle opening direction ensures that these locks are easy to install and use, while the copper door handle accessories are compatible with door thicknesses ranging from 35-50MM.
With a lever lock center distance of 58mm and seam margin of 50mm, our Parfait Door Locks provide the perfect combination of security and convenience. The lock body comes with a 4-pin cylinder and is designed with hardened steel anti-drill plates, ensuring that your door remains secure against any potential intruders.
Our Parfait Door Locks are available in two stunning colors – rose gold and black bronze – and feature a silent door lock with key, ensuring that your indoor environment remains peaceful and quiet. The double lock tongue type provides an added layer of security, ensuring that only those with the key can gain access to the locked room.
To learn how to take care of your Locks click on the link in-between the brackets below.
Our 4-Pin Parfait Door Locks come complete with everything you need for a hassle-free installation, including two panels, a lock body, lock cylinder, key, screws, and other accessories. With its stylish and functional design, our Parfait Door Locks are perfect for both residential and commercial settings, providing security and peace of mind while seamlessly blending in with any decor style.
At our company, we are committed to providing only the highest quality products, and our 4-Pin Parfait Door Locks are no exception. Rest assured that your door will be secure and your indoor space will remain peaceful with these durable and stylish door locks.
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Author: Diethics
Imagine this: you're putting on your eyeliner and you suddenly catch a glimpse of yourself in a different angle. You take a closer look and gasp in surprise. "Are those crows feet between your brows?" You might not think much about it for now, but if you're bothered by the idea of having a permanent frown...
The practice of a sport requires being in the best possible conditions so that the body can function at full capacity. This is particularly known by those who practice sports regularly and professional athletes. For that reason, professional athletes, such as Olympic teams, NBA, NFL, MLB teams, in the United States tend to be under chiropractic...
As the body ages, it starts to slow down. Pain and stiffness are a common problem that comes with ageing. Seniors may find it difficult to engage in their favourite physical activities due to chronic conditions, such as osteoarthritis and Parkinson's disease. However, it is important for seniors to stay physically active to keep their bodies...
Your skin's health shows the overall condition of your body. If your skin is glowing and has an extra blush on the face, this means that your body is in good health. Your skin basically reflects the overall status of your health. An unhealthy woman would be having a yellowish to pale skin tone and particular...
Tattoos can be very personal and very expressive forms of body art, but they're not for everyone. Even if you like the look of tattoos on others, getting inked is essentially permanent. Here's a checklist to see if you're ready to commit. What you're Getting Before you step foot in a tattoo parlor, you need to...
Everyone has a different idea of what a vacation means for them. For some people, getting away with the family and the kids sounds like a perfect plan. For others, getting away from the family and the kids is the only way to get some relaxation. Either way, if you are married or in a relationship,...
There's no way around it: I just don't look right in a dress. When I see myself in a skirt, it reminds me of how people sometimes dress their pets in ridiculous outfits. It just looks awkward and laughable, and no matter how theoretically sexy the dress is supposed to be, if it's on me, all...
In November (2018) Pastor Ed Sharane of Fellowship Church in Texas, issued a challenge to his congregation: "Have sex with your spouse for seven straight days and see what it does for your relationship." I'm sure men everywhere were giving roars of approval while women were groaning and dreading the week to come. At least, that's...
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2020
Size
17,239
sq m
.
185,559
sq ft
Sector
Office
Location
Berlin, Germany
The Cube
In December 2016, the Fund signed contracts to acquire the Cube, an office development project in Berlin. The 17,239 sq m building, completed in June 2020 and represents the European Citied Fund's 14th investment.
The iconic office asset has a striking glass façade and integrates the latest smart technology and is in a prime location between the Parliament Quarter and Hauptbahnhof Station, next to the River Spree. This is part of a long-term regeneration area called 'Europacity' and is one of the most important development areas in Berlin.
Being 100% pre-let to a strong occupier mix from legal and financial services sectors, on predominantly 10-year leases, the Cube is also under-rented on acquisition, experiencing strong rental growth and high occupational demand since the leases were signed, a result of Berlin being one of the top performing office markets in Germany
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As the years pass, these videos become even more precious, reminding us of the love that blossomed and the promises made. They bridge generations, connecting the past with the present, ensuring that the love story endures.
A wedding video is a priceless keepsake, it's the beginning of a lifelong journey of love and commitment.
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About us
The team at St Helens Removals has been proudly serving the St Helens community and beyond for decades now. Over this time, we have become experts in all aspects of removals, including office and piano removals. We have extended our provision to include a man and van service, which has proven to be extremely popular. Of course, we are generally called upon to perform full house and furniture removals. Thanks to our extensive experience, we feel able and enthusiastic about undertaking all kinds of removal jobs, and we have refined our approach to ensure that our removals are as efficient and smooth as possible.
If you want to enjoy moving day instead of dreading it, you need our team. We don't just load and unload your items, we help you plan your move to the smallest detail. At the planning stage, we use our expertise to ensure that your items are packed securely and prioritised sensibly. Our overarching objective is that we want you to be settled in your new location as soon as possible. We are also skilled in dismantling and assembling furniture, so if you need this assistance before you move, you are not alone! We will be happy to help you and make sure that your furniture arrives in perfect condition to its destination. We're hardworking and fast moving, but we maintain meticulous standards of attention. Our policy is to treat your possessions as we'd expect our own to be treated.
Most people now seem to realise the necessity of hiring a removals service; however, occasionally we hear from people who decided against their instincts to go it alone. Usually they realise halfway through the process that it's a much larger endeavour than they anticipated. A lot of the work undertaken by a good removals company goes unnoticed, but moving day is far more complicated without that attention to detail! We strongly advise that you contact us, the team at St Helens Removals, instead of trying to go it alone. An amateur move risks not only damage to your furniture but also injury to yourself. We know how to safely and efficiently perform removals. That's why it makes sense to get the professionals on the job! There are so many excellent reasons to contact our company.
The good news about our service is that it is budget-friendly. We understand that nobody wants to pay above the odds for their removals service. We cut costs, but we don't cut corners. You'll enjoy the same exceptional customer service experience for a surprisingly low cost when you contact us. Don't take our word for it! We are proud to offer quotations with no obligation, so you can see for yourself that a removal by our team is very fairly priced. Remember, most people move at the weekend. If that is also your plan, it's best to call in advance and schedule your move. We will do all that we can to accommodate your needs and set you up ASAP in your new location. Our friendly and professional team awaits your call!
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Abstract
:1. Introduction
Human activities such as the use of fossil fuels lead to an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. It increased from 28 Pa before the Industrial Revolution to 41 Pa (November 2016), an increase of about 46%, and continues to grow at a rate of 0.5% per year [1]. However, as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere continues to increase, the amount of CO2 absorbed by the ocean increases, causing the alkalinity of the surface seawater to decrease, leading to ocean acidification [2]. Research based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 shows that in high-concentration emissions scenarios, the pH and primary production of the global ocean will decrease by 0.330 (±0.003) and 8.6% (±7.9%) by the end of the 21st century, respectively, and the concentration of chlorophyll a, phosphate, and nitrate in the Southern Ocean will be significantly reduced [3,4,5].
An important property of aqueous solutions is pH because it affects chemical and biochemical properties such as chemical reactions, equilibrium conditions, and biological toxicity [6]. The changes in ocean chemistry caused by ocean acidification are changing the chemical environment in which marine life depends. The metabolic processes of marine organisms will be affected and the stability of marine ecology will change [7]. pH is one of the key indicators of ocean acidification. Reasonable monitoring of water parameters and correct prediction of pH can effectively avoid the adverse effects of ocean chemical environment and biological ecology caused by ocean acidification. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between pH and dynamic water quality parameters that vary significantly in the ocean.
Modeling and predicting the effect of nutrients and other environmental variations on pH have been extensively studied in the current literature. Blackford and Gilbert [8] used a coupled carbonate system–marine ecosystem–hydrodynamic model to simulate the temporal and spatial variability in pH across the southern North Sea and simulated the observed inhibition of pelagic nitrification with decreasing pH. Turner, Pelletier, and Kasper [9] used the water quality model QUAL2Kw to conclude that nutrient enrichment of the South Umpqua River, Oregon, was linked to periphyton growth and large diel fluctuations in dissolved oxygen and hydrogen ion (pH) concentrations. Robert-Baldo and Morris [10] used spectrophotometric methods to determine the pH of seawater, and the relationship between temperature and salinity on the phenol red equilibrium constant was obtained to characterize the relationship between temperature and salinity and pH. Halevy and Bachan [11] developed a statistical model of seawater pH as a function of pCO2 (atmospheric partial pressure of CO2) and the suite of parameters that govern ocean chemistry. It is noted that all these studies were based on the modeling of continuous pH values. In this paper, the pH is regarded as a discrete quantity, which is regarded as a multi-classification problem.
The goal of this paper is to develop a reliable approach to model the correlation between pH and the water quality parameters, and predict pH by water quality parameters. To achieve this goal, several different water parameters, which have potential correlation with pH, are selected. Multiple linear regression, softmax regression, and multi-classification support vector machine are employed to obtain the correlation between these parameters and pH. We use cross-validation methods to get a reliable and stable model and compare the accuracies of three methods for pH value prediction.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
The system is placed on Weizhou Island in Beihai, Guangxi, about 600–800 m offshore and is located at a depth of about 3 m. The latitude and longitude coordinates of the system are N 21°4′57.81″, E 109°7′32.31″. The main observation factors include velocity profile and seabed temperature, salinity, depth, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, etc. The system is mainly equipped with Norway Nortek flow profiler and American multi-parameter water quality meter AML (seven parameters). The meter is used in Weizhou Island to sample seawater every 60 s in a certain depth range, analyze various parameters of seawater, and send them to the host. In this experiment, seawater quality parameters include salinity (Sal), temperature (T), depth (Dep), dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll a (Chl), and pH. In the experiment, the data were continuously recorded daily from 2 October 2018 to 28 November 2018 and 78,701 sets of data were recorded. Since the pH changes very little in seawater and the accuracy of the instrument is not high enough, only five different initial values can be measured which are 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, and 2.17. According to the conversion formula pH = initial value × (−9.465) + 28.383, five different pH values can be obtained, namely 7.8439, 7.9386, 8.0332, 8.1279, 8.2226, and the results are just applied to the multi-classification problem.
2.2. Problem Set up
Consider the problem as follows: The matrix X∈ℝM×N, M = 5, looking for a mapping relationship: f(X)→y, which can make X accurately map to the corresponding y. Here, the matrix X and y are of the form:
where X is the water parameter matrix containing salinity (Sal), temperature (T), depth (Dep), dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a (Chl). y is the matrix vector of pH. x(⋅)(i) denotes the ith value of x(⋅). y(i) denotes the ith value of y. In the measurement process, the pH has 5 different values, thus y(i)∈{pH1,pH2,pH3,pH4,pH5}.
2.3. Data Pre-Processing
In the actual training process, due to the uncertain factors in the seawater and the instrument itself, the fluctuation of the factor of Chl is obviously too large, which has a serious interference effect on the establishment of the prediction model. The chlorophyll content in seawater is unevenly distributed, and the sampling interval of the instrument is one minute. When the instrument detects the chlorophyll-rich seawater brought by the current, it produces outliers. The BoxPlot [12] uses Inter Quartile Range (IQR) for efficient identification of outlier values to prevent these values to influence the quality of outcomes. Compared with the 3-Sigma [13] method or Z-score [14] method based on normal distribution, it is not affected by outliers and can accurately and stably depict the discrete distribution of data. Removing outliers detected by box plot makes the chlorophyll a concentration more statistically significant. The chlorophyll a concentration before and after treatment is shown in Figure 1.
Data should be pre-processed by standardization before multi-classification to reduce the order of magnitude difference between different data. In the field observation data, each water quality parameter has different dimensions and dimension units, which will affect the results of the data analysis. In order to eliminate the dimensional influence between indicators, data standardization processing is needed to resolve the comparability between data indicators, so that the pre-processed data is limited to a certain range (such as [0,1] or [−1,1]), thereby eliminating the adverse effects caused by singular sample data. The following two methods are predominantly used.
2.3.1. Min-Max Normalization
The method of min-max normalization [15] is a linear transformation of the original data, mapping the resulting values between [0 1]. The conversion function is:
xk=(xk−xmin)/(xmax−xmin),
(3)
where xmax and xmin are the maximum and minimum values of xSal, and xk is the pre-processed data. We normalize other parameter vectors, including xT,xDep,xDO,xChl.
2.3.2. Z-Score Standardization
The method of z-score standardization [16] gives the mean and the standard deviation of the raw data for standardization of the data. It applies to situations where the maximum and minimum values of the data are unknown, or where there is outlier data outside the range of values. The processed data conforms to the standard normal distribution, i.e., the mean is 0, the standard deviation is 1, and the conversion function is:
xk=(xk−xmean)/xvar,
(4)
xvar=1N∑i=1N(xi−μ)2,
(5)
where xmean and xvar are the mean and variances of xSal, and xk is the pre-processed data. We normalize other parameter vectors, including xT,xDep,xDO,xChl.
For multi-class support vector machines, after uneven scaling in each dimension, the optimal solution is not equivalent to the original. It must be standardized so that the model parameters are not disturbed by data with a large or small distribution range, and the speed of the gradient can be accelerated to find the optimal solution [17]. In the establishment of mathematical models, it was found that the use of min-max standardization performed better in multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM), while the Z-score standardization method performed better in softmax regression and multiple linear regression.
2.4. Multi-Classification Methods
2.4.1. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)
MLR is a traditional method mainly used to cope with the multiparameter problems [18]. MLR models the relationship between dependent variable and two or more independent variables by linear regression and makes predictions about new data. The MLR function is given by
hθ(X)=θ0+∑j=1MθjXj=θTXj,
(6)
where hθ(X) is the prediction value of y, Xj is the independent variable, θi is the regression coefficient, and θ0 is the value of the intercept in the linear fitting. pH can be expressed like this:
pH has only 5 determined values, and then multi-classification is performed according to the distance between the test points and the 5 values. The minimum value of the distance from the test point is the pH of the test point.
2.4.2. Softmax Regression
The softmax regression model [19] is another algorithm for solving multi-class regression problems and is a classifier widely used in the deep network supervised learning part of current deep learning research [20]. Softmax regression is a supervised learning algorithm that requires both input x and the corresponding expected output y. The experimental data {(X(1),y(1)),(X(2),y(2)),⋯,(X(N),y(N))} will be obtained, X(i)∈ℝ6,i=1,2,⋯,N denotes the ith column of X and contains 6 components, the intercept term, salinity (Sal), temperature (T), depth (Dep), dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a (Chl), i.e., X(i)=[1xSal(i)xT(i)xDep(i)xDo(i)xChl(i)]T. y(i)∈{1,2,3,4,5}, corresponds to pH1, pH2, pH3, pH4, pH5.
There are 5 different pH values in total, corresponding to k = 5 classifications. For each input X(i) there will be a probability p(y=j|X) for each class. From a vector perspective, it is:
where 1{·} is the indication function. If the expression in curly braces is true, the function is indicated as 1; otherwise, it is 0, and λ2∑i=1k∑j=0nθij2 is a penalty term.
The cost function is generally minimized by a gradient descent optimization algorithm, and the coefficients θ1,θ2,θ3,θ4,θ5 are obtained. In the softmax classifier, when classifying an unknown sample, the corresponding vector is tested separately on the classifier, and the size of the result is used to characterize the probability of belonging to the class. We can know the probability of belonging to each class and think that the probability is unknown. The sample belongs to the class with the highest probability.
2.4.3. Multi-Class Support Vector Machine
Support Vector Machine (SVM) is widely used as a typical classification algorithm [22]. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a generalized linear classifier for binary classification of data in supervised learning. As a two-class classifier, it can only distinguish between two different pHs. Multi-classification of support vector machines currently uses two methods of all-together and combined coding [23,24]. The all-together method is to modify the objective function and strives to solve all classification problems at one time. However, because of its high computational complexity, the implementation is difficult, and the accuracy is not superior to the indirect method, so it is not commonly used. In this paper, the combination coding method is mainly used to construct multi-class classification by constructing multiple two-class SVMs and combining coding methods.
The combined coding method includes one-against-all method [25], one-against-one method [26], error correction output coding method [27], and minimum output coding method. Hsu and Lin [23] concluded that no method can compete with the one-against-one method in the training time and no method is statistically better than the method in the generalization performance.
One-against-all method is to design a hyperplane between any two classes of samples, so k classes of samples need to design k(k − 1)/2 classifiers. When classifying an unknown sample, the corresponding vector is tested on the classifier. Each classifier gives one vote to the winning class. The class with the most votes is the class of the unknown sample.
Through experiments, we have five different pH values, so we need to build 10 two-class support vector machines. An example of a classifier is created by pH1 and pH2. The pre-processed data {(X(1),y(1)),(X(2),y(2)),⋯,(X(N),y(N))} is a training set of N = 78105. X(i)∈ℝ6,i=1,2,⋯,N, i.e., X(i)=[1xSal(i)xT(i)xDep(i)xDo(i)xChl(i)]T, and y(i)∈{1,−1} corresponds to pH1, pH2. Then there is an optimal classification hyperplane that satisfies the following conditions. The hyperplane makes the point-to-plane distance of any sample greater than or equal to 1.
{wTX(i)+b≥1,y(i)=1wTX(i)+b≤−1,y(i)=−1,
(12)
where w, b are the normal vectors and intercepts of the hyperplane.
In Figure 2, all samples above the upper supported plane belong to the positive class, and samples below the lower supported plane belong to the negative class. The distance between two supported planes d=2/‖w‖ is defined as the margin, and the positive and negative samples at the supported plane are support vectors. SVM is to get the hyperplane that can correctly divide the data and maximize the margin. The problem can be expressed in the following mathematical expressions:
maxw,b2‖w‖s.t.y(i)(wTX(i)+b)−1≥0.
(13)
Obviously, maximizing d=2/‖w‖ is equivalent to minimizing ‖w‖. For the convenience of calculation, Formula (9) is transformed into the following:
minw,b12‖w‖2s.t.y(i)(wTX(i)+b)−1≥0.
(14)
There is a case where the dimension of the feature space is large. Therefore, one constructs the Lagrangian.
where αi is Lagrange multiplier, K(xi,xj) is the kernel function, and C is the soft edge penalty parameter, which is used to balance the training error and generalization ability of the algorithm. According to Mercer's Theorem, the linear kernel function is used here.
K(x,x′)=xTx′
(16)
In the same way, the remaining nine two-class classifiers are built. When an unknown sample is classified and its pH is predicted by one-against-one, the corresponding vector is tested on the classifier, and then the voting form is adopted. The class is the pH of the unknown sample, and the multi-classification based on the support vector machine can be completed.
2.4.4. Summary
Multiple linear regression is used to fit the curve, and the multi-classification is performed by the distance. The cost function of multiple linear regression ignores the decision function of judging distance. Therefore, the prediction accuracy is not high. Softmax regression can get the possibility of the sample for each category and can show the accuracy of different classifications. The SVM can only get a certain result, and the deviation between the predicted result and the actual result cannot be obtained to indicate the accuracy of the prediction.
3. Experimental Results
A total of 78,701 data sets were used, and these data were divided into five groups according to the difference in pH. By using the 10-fold cross-validation method, each group was divided into 10 equal parts, and then nine parts were taken in each group as the training model, and the rest of the data was used as the test group. The 10 times 10-fold cross validation was used to obtain the average value of the prediction accuracies for each pH is obtained as an estimate of the accuracies of the methods. The data volume of the five groups of pH is about 1:13:210:160:7.
Table 1 shows the mean and root mean squared error (RMSE) of each coefficient by the MLR model before and after data pre-processing. Obviously, the value of the regression coefficient does not change much after the data processing, but the RMSE has been significantly reduced. The reduction in RMSE illustrates that data processing enhances the reliability of the model. The classifier is suitable for this research goal of predicting pH through water body parameters.
Figure 3 and Figure 4 are the error bar graphs of multi-classifier coefficients by softmax regression before and after data pre-processing, which characterizes the mean and root mean squared error (RMSE) of the classifier coefficients under 10 subgroups. Figure 5 and Figure 6 are the error bar graphs of multi-classifier coefficients by SVM before and after data pre-processing. When softmax regression and support vector machines are used to multi-classify pH, the fluctuation values of their classifier coefficients are also very small after data pre-processing, which improves the overall performance of the multi-classifier. Then it is initially recognized that the absolute value of the coefficient of the DO factor is still large in both the SVM classifier and the softmax regression, and there is a great correlation with the prediction of pH.
Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the training accuracies and test accuracies of the three multi-class methods before and after data pre-processes, respectively. The training accuracy and test accuracy are respectively the ratio of the quantity predicted by the model to the actual result and the total quantity, in the training set and the test set. It can be found that the accuracies of the three models are very similar, and the test accuracy is slightly lower than the training accuracy, indicating that the model has no overfitting and the pH prediction is reliable. After the data is preprocessed, the accuracies of pH1, pH2, pH3, and pH4 have been improved accordingly, and pH5 has decreased, but the overall accuracy is improved. The data preprocessing has a significant improvement on the reliability of the model. The training accuracies and test accuracies by MLR and softmax regression for pH1 are almost zero. This is mainly because when the cost function is calculated, the data volume of pH1 is too small, and the weight in the cost function is too small. In contrast, the multi-classifier by SVM performs very well at pH1. Overall, the SVM is superior to the other two methods in predicting the pH. In addition, the RMSE of the accuracy is within acceptable limits.
To simplify the comparison between the different models, we calculated the mean and RMSE of the prediction accuracy. Considering that not all five dependent variables have a strong correlation to pH prediction. Therefore, the prediction accuracy is taken as a reference index for the reliability of the model. The multi-classification was performed by removing the single dependent variable or by retaining the single dependent variable. Before being processed, the prediction accuracies of the classifier based on MLR, softmax regression, and SVM are 87.14%, 87.96%, and 89.11%, respectively, as a measure of the change in prediction values before and after processing.
Figure 9 shows the mean and RSME of the prediction accuracies by three methods. Overall, MLR has the lowest prediction accuracy and SVM has the highest prediction accuracy. It is worth noting that when the dependent variable DO is not considered, it is found that the prediction accuracies of the three methods are greatly reduced. This greatly explains that the DO has an important relationship with the prediction of pH. When the Chl and Dep are removed separately, it is found that the average values of the prediction accuracies of the three methods is not changed much and the variation range is not more than 0.2%. It is considered that within a certain range, the effect of both on pH prediction can be ignored. When the two dependent variables Sal and T are not considered, the prediction accuracy of MLR decreases from 87.14% to 83.84% and 86.23%, respectively. The prediction accuracy of softmax regression decreases from 87.96% to 85.75% and 86.98%, respectively. The prediction accuracy of SVM decreases from 89.11% to 86.99% and 87.85%, respectively. Sal and T have a certain effect on the pH prediction, but the effect is much less than DO.
After screening single factors and performing single factor multi-classification, it can be found that the prediction accuracies of classifiers based on Sal, T, or DO are higher than 60%. Among them, the prediction accuracies of classifier based on DO is as high as 72.45%, 75.03%, and 75.55% in the three multi-classification methods, which proves that DO has a great influence on the pH prediction. The prediction accuracy of the single factor classifiers based on Sal or T is second. The changes in the prediction accuracy after removing and retaining factors are just the opposite, indicating the broad applicability of the conclusions. Among the five factors, the three factors of DO, Sal, and T have the highest correlation with pH prediction, and Dep and Chl have almost no effect. In order to simplify the multi-classification model for predicting pH, the two poorly correlated factors, Dep and Chl, are not considered, and the model of the classifier is further simplified in different ways. Then, the final method of simplifying the prediction model is determined by observing the change in the prediction accuracy.
To simplify the model, we reduce the complexity of the model by reducing the dependent variable, making the model easier to calculate. From Figure 10, Dep and Chl have little correlation with pH. When the two factors of Dep and Chl are removed, there is no significant change in the average of the prediction accuracy. After parameters Dep and Chl are removed, parameters Sal and T are removed in different orders. When parameter Sal is removed first, there is a great change on prediction accuracy and it drops by 3%. However, while after removing parameter T first, the prediction accuracy only drops by 1%. When they are all removed, the prediction accuracy drops significantly, dropping more than 13%. According to the change of the prediction accuracy, the three factors of Sal, T, and DO are used to establish a multi-classification model. The prediction accuracies of multi-classifiers using three factors in three ways are 87.01%, 87.77%, and 89.04%. Compared with the original correct rate, it only reduced by about 0.1%, but the model is greatly simplified.
The relative stability of seawater pH is primarily controlled by the dissociation equilibrium of the dissolved inorganic carbonate. Marine plants absorb free carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, while releasing the same amount of oxygen, thus reducing the pH of seawater. The pH of seawater will decrease slightly with increasing temperature, which is the result of the increase in the ionization constant of weak acid in seawater with increasing temperature. As the seawater salinity increases, the ionic strength will increase, and the degree of ionization of carbonic acid in seawater is affected. Thereby, the activity coefficient and activity of the hydrogen ions increases, that is, the pH of the seawater decreases. As mentioned above, this and the results obtained after modeling are mutually validated, which further verifies the reliability of the model.
4. Conclusion
The massive discharge of CO2 gas leads to acidification of the ocean, affecting the water quality parameters and pH of the ocean. In this paper, MLR, softmax regression, and support vector machine were used to predict the correlation between selected water quality parameters and pH value by multi-classification. A total of 78,107 data sets were used in the experiment, and 10-fold cross-validation methods were used.
The mean and RMSE of the prediction accuracies were computed, which were major criteria used to evaluate the performances of different methods. The results show that the multi-classifier based on support vector machine has higher prediction accuracy than MLR and softmax regression. SVM can also make good predictions for pH with less data volume, while the other two do not. Moreover, the model can be simplified by removing the two factors Chl and Dep. The prediction accuracies of the three-factor multi-classification model of DO, T, and Sal are almost not reduced compared with five factors, and the prediction of pH is the most relevant to dissolved oxygen. Another goal in the future is to consider more water parameters, such as transparency, in related testing and modeling.
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Announcing the various new documents today, Technology and Decarbonisation Minister, Anthony Browne, said: "Safety has always been our top priority, which is why our latest guidance aims to improve the awareness of e-bike and e-scooter users in the trial areas where they're authorised."
Just to unravel the unnecessary ambiguity in that somewhat garbled sentence, e-bikes that qualify as electrically assisted pedal cycles (EAPCs) are of course legal throughout the country – it is only e-scooters that are restricted to specific trial areas.
Battery safety for e-bike users
The e-bike guidance begins by emphasising that most e-bikes and batteries are in fact "very safe," but, "as with all products using lithium batteries, there is a risk of fire, particularly for counterfeit, damaged or poorly modified e-cycles and batteries, or when the incorrect charger is used."
One of the main recommendations is therefore to buy a complete e-bike, "with battery pack and charger included, from a reputable retailer."
The document advises: "Be especially careful when purchasing second-hand, refurbished or converted bikes. It can be hard to establish reliably whether such products are counterfeit or genuine, and whether they meet proper UK (or EU) standards."
Replacement batteries and chargers are also flagged as an area of concern – particularly when bought second-hand.
"Genuine battery packs and chargers may cost more, but using third-party items that may not be safe or compatible could put your life at risk or destroy your home."
E-bike conversion kits
Conversion kits, where a battery and motor are added to a previously unassisted bike, are increasingly popular, but they do introduce additional variables when it comes to safety.
The guidance therefore attempts to steer people away from this option, saying: "Although the concept may seem attractively affordable, the fact that the kit is retro-fitted, often by the end user, to a cycle not designed and tested for this application, means that buying a complete e-cycle is generally a safer option."
ensure that the cycle you intend to fit it to is in good condition, able to take the additional weight and that the brakes have more than adequate stopping power
purchase from a reputable seller and a recognised brand
check that the kit complies with the UK e-cycle regulations and with British or European standards, by checking that it comes with a Declaration of Incorporation as 'Partly Completed Machinery'
be aware that if buying components such as battery packs and chargers separately, it's impossible to be sure they are compatible and safe when used together. Incompatible battery packs and chargers can cause an extremely high fire risk
A separate section covers "modifications, de-restriction and dongles" – all of which are flagged as significant hazards.
Aside from turning the e-bike into an unregistered motorbike if it comes to exceed EAPC power or speed limits, modifications of this type generally increase the electrical load on the battery and drive system, which may well cause overheating, increasing the risk of fire.
E-scooter safety
Advice for e-scooter owners largely echoes the broader points made in the e-bike guidance with the conspicuous exception of the 'buying an e-scooter' section where the DfT finds itself in the bizarre position of having to make recommendations for the purchase of vehicles for which a specific legal framework is yet to be established.
The buying section of the new guidance is consequently brief. It reads: "The safest choice is to buy an e-scooter from a reputable retailer.
"Register your product with the manufacturer. This makes it easier to contact you in the event of a recall or safety alert.
"Be especially careful when buying second-hand, refurbished or converted e-scooters. It can be hard to establish reliably whether such products are counterfeit or genuine, and whether they meet proper UK (or EU) standards. Look for the CE or UKCA kitemark."
ESF has called on the Government to introduce third party approval for all e-bikes, e-scooters and their batteries.
If introduced, this would mean e-bikes, e-scooters and their batteries would need to be approved by an independent approved body before being sold to consumers. At present, manufacturers can self-declare their batteries are safe2 comments
james-o3 months 2 weeks ago
"ESF has called on the Government to introduce third party approval for all e-bikes, e-scooters and their batteries."
What that achieves for e-bikes beyond enforcement of CE mark validity which requires EN 15194 (epac tests inc batteries) compliance and other tests to complete, I don't know. Perhaps an earner for someone somewhere rather than the govt spending anything to check on compliance.
Pub bike3 months 2 weeks ago
Along with advice for buying e-scooters that are illegal for use on the roads will the government advice also cover what to do with stolen e-bikes that don't come with chargers and where to buy compatible chargers?
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b555e8f3-ba5f-42b1-8a1d-19cff20d695a
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https://ebiketips.road.cc/content/news/buying-a-complete-e-bike-is-generally-safer-new-government-guidance-uneasy-about-diy
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a comedy history podcast
My first day of improv was exciting, I had not been to a class like this since my days in high school which were terrifyingly far in my past. Seriously, those last 25 years just snuck up on me! Stepping into The Second City Training Centre was energizing. The space (above Gretzky's restaurant since since 2005) is three stories up. The stairs are dark but with quotes from famous alumni getting you excited for your class. It opens into a large white space, there's a welcome desk on your left and comfy chairs and tables where people can gather and chat as well as computers where students could connect to the internet. Despite being shortly after 11 am on a Sunday the room was electric. There were people waiting for classes gathered and chatting with their friends. Parents were waiting for kids who were taking improv classes for children and teens and staff pointed people to the right spots for their first day of classes.
I have until recently approached comedy from the perspective of the enthusiastic enthusiast, I never considered myself a professional and at most I felt I was a comedy nerd with respect for the craft and an obsession with the structure. Yes, in the past I had helped around the writing table of a comedy burlesque troupe, but it was in a supportive role to a bunch of people who were infinitely funnier than I. (I think my biggest contribution in several years of involvement was to come up with the idea of Ed Wood performing Rocket Man in the style of William Shatner... trust me, it worked on stage.) Aside from that, my experience in comedy was confined to watching it lovingly from the audience.
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ae41a044-57fc-49d6-9f20-4c1beea45b8c
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https://www.comedyalbumbookclub.com/blog/category/level-a
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$0.49 Speed Stick Deodorant at Rite Aid
CheckThis store coupon will stack with the $0.50/1 Speed Stick coupon from the Jan. 17 SmartSource newspaper insert, and you'll pay just $0.49 for one stick. New to couponing at Rite Aid? Sign up for an account to access store sales and coupons.
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ec0bd86d-1041-4fcb-8c00-99a9af2a0eca
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https://thekrazycouponlady.com/2021/01/17/0-49-speed-stick-deodorant-at-rite-aid
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15 Reasons Why Hiring Health Care Digital Marketers is Challenging
Combination of strategic and technical skills makes them hard to come by, and even harder to retain
This is part 1 in a 3-part series about the role of digital marketers in health care.
If you're in a health care organization having a hard time hiring and retaining digital marketing talent, you're not alone. If you're fortunate enough to have qualified digital marketing members on your team, you better treat them right.
Health care organizations have a difficult time finding, qualifying and retaining good digital marketers. In a way, it makes sense. Combine the churning landscape of the health care "system," with the fastest-growing segment of marketing, and you have a profession that requires a daunting cross-section of strategic and technical skills, a mix of soft skills and hard coding. Those who find a foothold tend to make a name for themselves, while the rest tend to drift back to seemingly greener pastures in other industries with fewer hoops to jump through and a faster pace of adoption.
Wearing hats, hats and more hats
I was recently asked if I could refer any qualified candidates for a new digital marketing manager posting for a health care provider. The job description listed a full litany of 28 different key responsibilities. Here is a partial list of the requirements:
PPC
Mobile apps
Social media
SEO
SEM
Direct response
Lead generation
CRM
Content management
Drupal
Web design
Branding and brand strategy
Team management
Vendor management
Measurement
Testing
B2B and B2C
XHTML, CSS, XML, accessibility
It's part marketing strategist and part front-end developer; in other words, pretty typical for a digital marketer in today's health care world. It takes career agility to adapt to new platforms, new channels and new trends every 6 months.
Why is there such a shortage?
To do a better job hiring and retaining talent in this area, it helps to identify some of the reasons why there is such a shortage of qualified individuals:
Not making it appealing enough. You're asking someone with one of the most forward-facing skillsets to find their way in one of the most laggard industries and be happy. By nature, there will be some frustration when projects tend to move at a glacial pace or they find themselves jumping through extra hoops.
Underestimating what it takes to find fulfillment. Some organizations may still think that they can bring up someone from a traditional marketing or marcom role and have them fill the role like many did for Web marketing roles in the 2000's. But today's digital marketing roles are vastly different compared to the one-dimensional Web marketing focus of 8-10 years ago. The learning curve grows steeper when considering multiple platforms.
The tug of war between departments. Does digital belong to Marketing? MarCom? IT? PR? Creative Services? Redundancies or overlapping job descriptions between teams can interfere with success.
Lack of career paths and senior-level opportunities. The lack of senior-level digital marketing roles in health care is notable. Retail has been discussing the role of Chief Digital Officer or Chief Content Officers for years now, but health care still has a distinct gap of digital marketers at director or VP levels within their organizations.
Lack of professional standards, accreditation and certifications. Digital marketing as a profession has not existed very long, relatively. This means there has not been very much time to develop professional standards, accreditation, certifications, professional education and degree programs. This makes it difficult to standardize professional qualifications.
Not knowing how to qualify applicants. I've been on both sides of these interviews for the past decade, and they're pretty unique. On one hand, you want to show that you have the technical skills, but on the other, you have to prove your strategic prowess and demonstrate that you understand how to segment, craft messages, write, etc. Interviewers can quickly get lost in the sea of buzzwords.
It's too easy to maintain the status quo. "We've always done things this way." That mentality can make a team downplay their need for digital in the first place.
Thinking it's all voodoo magic. Another reason that teams downplay the effectiveness of digital marketing — they underestimate what it takes. Just remember, those leads didn't generate themselves, and those Twitter followers didn't come all at once.
Keeping them in a cage. Once you hire a digital marketer, fewer things can show less trust than getting in their way by inserting yourself or trying to put your stamp on their projects. An effective digital marketer will keep the team informed but can get a lot done independently. My most memorable boss regularly asked for my input, and then asked, "How can I help you?"
Unreasonable or unclear expectations. This isn't unique to health care, but the lack of clear expectations can muddle the digital marketer's career path.
Lack of compensation to match the skills. Along with #4, there is a trend to lowball salaries compared to similar positions outside health care.
Lower margins and higher overhead. Health systems must devote more resources each year to regulations, reform and requirements. This tends to trend in favor of paying contractors rather than adding FTEs.
Throwing the baby out with the bathwater. With providers' low margins dropping lower (see #12), senior management sometimes has less patience with long-term initiatives. Social media, inbound marketing and content campaigns — just to name a few — can yield great rewards, but they can take time that senior executives don't want to spend.
The lack of qualified individuals. At the end of the day, the combination of required skills described above leaves a limited hiring pool.
Agility opens doors. Ultimately, the agility that makes digital marketers so highly qualified can give them the security to explore opportunities elsewhere.
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https://ulteradigital.com/wp/15-reasons-why-hiring-health-care-digital-marketers-is-challenging/
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5943Reporting to the Sr. Manager of Clinical Affairs for Chemistry & Immunoassay businesses at Beckman Coulter, the Senior Clinical Research Associate is responsible for the execution of external clinical study deliverables following GCP, FDA and OUS requirements. The ideal candidate is experienced in the field of in vitro diagnostics with good understanding of disease states and understands the laboratory environment as well as the basic product development process.
Responsibilities:
* Works under the general guidance of Staff Clinical Scientist or assigned Clinical Study lead for the project to prepare deliverables for the external validation activities for one or more assigned projects.
* Participates in the key phases of the external clinical study, including: planning, execution, analysis & close-out. This includes drafting the many necessary documents for each phase.
* Planning phase activities may include literature search and product evidence strategy plan development, as well as study site qualification visits and reports.
* Supports final study site selection, contract process and site initiation visits; participates in investigators meetings and other training of site personnel on the clinical study protocol, database, and investigator responsibilities
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2f42de96-6ac9-4729-a5ce-6be3b3e17616
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https://www.danahercareers.com/job/senior-clinical-research-associate/J3P2D273TRVSJ2TL3M9/
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banisher of the light sometimes it feels like buying the right sports bra is like a bad multiple choice test after deliberating for days you wind up with one thats too tight sparzanza banisher of the light.
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10633d58-3bda-4ade-bcc0-9cba386ffa57
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http://3dplastics.info/banisher-of-the-light/banisher-of-the-light-sometimes-it-feels-like-buying-the-right-sports-bra-is-like-a-bad-multiple-choice-test-after-deliberating-for-days-you-wind-up-with-one-thats-too-tight-sparzanza/
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A biological, process-based framework for vector-borne zoonoses is developed, using Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis in humans, as an example, and explores the fundamental biological processes that operate in this zoonosis.Expand
The role of migratory birds in northward range expansion of Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and their tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, and a wide range of ospC and rrs-rrl intergenic spacer alleles of B. burgdorferi were identified in infected ticks, including those associated with disseminated Lyme disease and alleles that are rare in the northeastern United States.Expand
Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by tick vectors, is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in the temperate zone. [1][1] More than 20 000 cases are… Expand
A dynamic population model of Ixodes scapularis, the vector of a number of tick-borne zoonoses in North America, was developed to simulate effects of temperature on tick survival and seasonality, suggesting that the range of southeast Canada where temperature conditions are currently suitable for the tick is much wider than the existing distribution of I. scapULARis, implying that there is potential for spread.Expand
Validation of the risk maps provides some confidence that they provide a useful first step in predicting the occurrence of I. scapularis populations, and directing public health objectives in minimizing risk from Lyme disease.Expand
It is shown that I. scapularis is rapidly expanding its range and is likely to colonize the most densely populated areas of southern Canada in the coming decade, and prompt action is necessary to prepare the Canadian public for a likely epidemic of Lyme disease.Expand
ABSTRACT The importance of Ixodes ricinus in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens is well recognized in the United Kingdom and across Europe. However, the role of coexisting Ixodes species, such… Expand
Since 2004, several schemes using multiple loci have been developed to better understand the taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes and in this paper this progress is reviewed and summarized.Expand
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be0d2c3c-fde3-4c62-ba4e-4e8e78863bc0
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https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/N.-Ogden/1915221
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About this site We've created a database and photographic inventory on
more than half the 18th & 19th century churches in the state
and add to it each month. We welcome and solicit all contributions
and suggestions from our visitors.
In 1870 this small frame building was erected by a union congregation,
which may explain one notable feature rarely found on other churches
of its size: the transept. The congregation was composed of Presbyterian,
Baptist and Episcopal members, and I suspect it was the Episcopal
members,
which, if it could not have an articulated chancel, insisted on a means
of separating clergy and laity, which it what the transept would
accomplish. That's the theory, anyway; but a postcard from the 1920s
shows the building without a transept, so if the Episcopals prevailed,
it was only after 50 years or so.
The land on Sand Shore Road, fronting Budd Lake,
was given by the Budd family for a church and Sunday School; the
church cost $3,500 to erect, which probably included the cost of pews, pulpit
and other trimmings.
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983925aa-3c16-4311-a5ea-e2f330cebac5
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http://njchurchscape.com/BuddLake-Unionchapel.html
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Abstract
The estimation of possible (or available) power of a downregulated offshore wind farm is the content of the PossPOW project (See PossPOW Poster ID: 149). The main challenges of this estimation process are: 1) to determine the free stream equivalent wind speed at the turbine level since the accuracy of nacelle anemometers are in question and power curve derivation is no longer applicable during downregulation 2 The proposed methodologies to overcome those challenges are presented in this poster.
abstract = "The.",
N2
AB
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74a78d1d-7d1c-4524-be2e-a9e374362dad
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https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/wind-speed-estimation-and-parameterization-of-wake-models-for-dow
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103222
Opportunity Type: Staff
Relocation eligible : No
Full time/Part time : Full-Time
Contract Hire Only for this Project : No
Why Black and Veatch
Recognized by Glassdoor as a 2023 Top 100 place to work, Black & Veatch allows you to lend your talent and perspective to humanity's biggest challenges in a flexible environment where you are empowered to grow and explore new possibilities. We offer competitive compensation; 401K match and benefits that start day 1.
The Opportunity
Black & Veatch is seeking an experienced Managing Director that can drive sales and further develop the Digital Customer Offering. The successful candidate will have demonstrated experience driving sales on energy and utility transition projects and will expand B&V's client base for Customer Service and Billing, Customer Experience and Advanced Metering service offerings. The candidate will be responsible for developing client and pursuit strategies, relationship management, leading business development activities, and ensuring client satisfaction.
Directors are client-facing and expected to sell and lead projects and programs working across project teams and utility organizations. Travel as needed to various client sites. #LI-NK1 #LI-Hybrid
Use in-depth knowledge and insight of key competitors to create compelling reasons for prospective clients to engage with B&V
Knowledge Capability:
Proven ability to break into new accounts and expand service offerings
Strong knowledge and understanding of the markets we serve including energy utilities and national commercial accounts, knowledge of industry business drivers and motivators, and transformation drivers and impacts
Understanding of the trends in the Customer Service & Billing, Customer Experience and Advanced Metering space
Proven ability to develop a sales lead from start to finish including opportunity development and contract negotiation
Minimum Qualifications
Bachelor's degree or relevant work experience.
Has successfully managed multiple engagements simultaneously.
Contributor or leader to acquire new engagements.
12-15Experience in the full lifecycle of utility customer engagement, spanning customer empowerment, supporting technologies, and how consumer behavior plays a role in policy and decarbonization efforts from both a sales and delivery perspective
Work Environment/Physical Demands
Virtual position based in the United States with the ability to travel up to 50%
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0031dfc8-e03f-4d59-bb6a-40bd4f02f531
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https://network.symplicity.com/tualatin-or/managing-director-digital-customer-job-details-black-veatch-family-of-companies/0E20843BB919419B873D5E172BC85FC1/job/
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About Add-onsi do not upgrade because i use DownThemAll and it becomes invalid on newer so i stick with 55
✍️ Reply🗙 Cancel
Name:
Message:
If you have twenty-one and you add four more, what do you get?
Answer:
RealityRipple
Feb 18 2019, 2:29 AM
This extension does not support versions of Firefox after 50.0.
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Name:
Message:
If you have twenty-one and you add four more, what do you get?
Answer:
Zeke
Apr 28 2020, 5:41 AM
Actually, Seamonkey currently has a downthemall XUL version that supports before firefox 57.IT works for palemoon and basilisk browser.I have it on my computer currently.
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Name:
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If you have twenty-one and you add four more, what do you get?If you have twenty-one and you add four more, what do you get?
Answer:
Lew Rockwell Fan
Mar 20 2018, 3:21 PM
How does this differ from the native "More" link that is already there?
✍️ Reply🗙 Cancel
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Message:
If you have twenty-one and you add four more, what do you get?If you have twenty-one and you add four more, what do you get?
Answer:
Petescape
Feb 8 2018, 10:05 AM
Nice to be the first one to comment about this add-on. It only add an about-button next every add-on in your list and that can be convieniant. I can not live with the "New Chrome-Firefox" so I am using the "old" FF 52.6 (or 7)->ESR<- for ever en ever till it dies :-) Intelligent readers do understand this :-)So I am moving to PaleMoon but this wil take many weeks to get al the "nice old customizations" working again. Maybe, the "old Firefox" / PaleMoon e.o. has a few minor disadvantages, hm.. it it 0,2 sec. slower yeahyeah..,sometimes use more memory, eso.. but experienced users needs lot of customizations to obtain many more features.. I hope that developers understand this..
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e87a785d-5465-48ef-91f2-9fb5caf28703
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http://realityripple.com/comments.php?id=FAA
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A leaker who has proven accurate in the past shares more information about the upcoming Assassin's Creed Valhalla Siege of Paris DLC.
By Pam K Ferdinand
Published Jun 06, 2021
Email
Ubisoft's announced roadmap for its 2020 action RPG Assassin's Creed Valhalla includes two DLCs and one bonus mission, the Legend of Beowulf, available exclusively to those who purchase the game's season pass. The first expansion?Wrath of the Druids?released in May, and leaked information about the second DLC has already begun to surface.
Wrath of the Druids takes Eivor to Ireland and offers about 8 to 20 hours of content, depending on how thoroughly a player explores the new territory. Though not diverging much from the gameplay established in the main game, the DLC includes four regions to explore, introduces an engaging story, serves up a helping of druidic mysticism, and provides a welcome break from the landscapes of England and Norway with Ireland's green hills and boggy swamps.
The Siege of Paris expansion, as its name implies, takes players to the land of Francia, ruled over by Charles the Fat. So far, Ubisoft has revealed almost nothing about the contents of the DLC, other than some artwork and the short marketing blurb on the official Assassin's Creed Valhalla website. However, a leaker who has proven reliable in the past, a French content creator who goes by the moniker J0nathan, has released some exclusive information about the DLC.
In addition to the map of Siege of Paris, which J0nathan revealed at the beginning of May, there are some other interesting tidbits to be found within the game's files. In the May leak, J0nathan explained that Siege of Paris does not play out solely around the capital city, but will also take players into several small villages in Normandy. He shared that the game's files also indicate that one-handed swords will be?added to Assassin's Creed Valhalla?with the second expansion.
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Further digging into Valhalla's files has uncovered additional information that J0nathan shared today, including more details about the expansion's synopsis. Charles the Fat, the great grandson of Charlemagne, has united the kingdom of Francia under a single king for the first time in a hundred years. The monarch is now waging a slow war against the Norse who have settled in Francia, and those across the Channel fear that England may be next. The settlement of Ravensthorpe must send an emissary to make an ally of Francia and avoid war.
Siege of Paris takes place in 885, several years after the events of Assassins Creed Valhalla, which occurs between 872 and 878. Those hoping that the DLC would expand upon the conflict between the Hidden Ones and the Order of the Ancients may be disappointed.?J0nathan uncovered only one brief line of dialogue, possibly spoken by Eivor to a random character, in that regard: "Just as they were in England, the Hidden Ones seem absent from Francia. What treasures could they have left behind?"
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As for the release date of Siege of Paris, which has up until now been expected to release this summer, J0nathan points out that the PlayStation Store specifies that all of Valhalla's season pass content will be available by November 9. Given that Siege of Paris is the only remaining season pass content, this implies that the expansion may not launch until then. Of course, the word "by" means it could come out sooner, and the date could also just be a placeholder.
Assassin's Creed Valhalla is available on PC, PS4, PS5, Stadia, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S.
MORE: The Case for an Assassin's Creed Remake
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Source: YouTube, Reddit
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The Epic Games Store's Free Games All Feature High Speed Chaos
Related Topics
Gaming News
Ubisoft
PC
Assassin's Creed
PS4
Xbox One
PS5
Xbox Series X
Assassin's Creed Valhalla
Ubisoft Montreal
About The Author
Pam K Ferdinand
(349 Articles Published)
A long-time fan of survival horror, RPGs of all kinds, and shooters, Pam will try any genre except sports. Favorite series include Silent Hill, God of War, Far Cry, and the Souls games. In her spare time, Pam also dabbles in foreign languages, watercolor painting, and reads way too much fantasy, sci-fi, and horror.
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http://www.muygratis.com/335.html
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2018 Ram 3500 Mega Cab DRW 4x4, Pickup (Stock #203827)
Your Work, Your Truck
Vehicle Notes
How about this great vehicle! This is an excellent vehicle at an affordable price! Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing pe
…
rformance while preserving fuel economy. It includes power seats, adjustable pedals, a bedliner, and voice activated navigation. It features an automatic transmission, 4-wheel drive, and a refined 6 cylinder engine. We'd also be happy to help you arrange financing for your vehicle. Stop in and take a test drive!
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281d53e7-c793-4045-b45e-8039e17123ae
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https://butlerchryslerdodgejeep.worktrucksolutions.com/beaufort/work-trucks/pickup/ram/2018/ram-3500/948/203827
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42
Park
Place
Panama City Beach
$2,300
/mo
Attached
2 BRS
2 BA
1,243 SQFT
Sold on
Mar 6, 2023
for $2,300
Share this property
Click a photo to see full-size image or scroll through all 25.
Immaculate townhome located at the west end of Panama City Beach in the community of Palmetto Trace. Nice community that offers sidewalks, community pool, and more! This townhome has a large living room, two spacious bedrooms and two full bathrooms. You'll love the kitchen with plenty of cabinetry and counter top space. There's a full size washer and dryer that comes with the townhome. Outside features a screened in patio and a green space outside of patio. It's a very short drive or golf cart drive to Pier Park, dining, entertainment, the beach and more! Pet friendly with a nonrefundable pet deposit.
Have Questions?
Ask us about this property!
Thank you for reaching out regarding 42 Park Place
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a6695195-c6b7-4d36-a4dc-6fd1127157d2
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https://gotbeach.com/listing/736851/
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Businesses were better prepared and safer because AccuWeather meteorologists gave greater advance notice and issued life-saving alerts during a rare December tornado outbreak.
Key Highlights
AccuWeather meteorologists highlighted the threat of severe weather in the South days in advance and used the most descriptive language.
Five days in advance and before our competitors - AccuWeather For Business issued its first Storm Potential Notice and AccuWeather AssetReport™ so businesses could identify specific company assets at risk.
In many cases, AccuWeather was the only source to issue a life-saving tornado warning.
ACCUWEATHER ISSUES THE MOST ADVANCE WARNING TO THE MULTI-STATE TORNADO OUTBREAK
An outbreak of devastating December tornadoes brought damaging winds and flash flooding across at least five states in the South. As an immediate tornado risk developed, AccuWeather Storm Warning Meteorologists issued many warnings which provided greater advance notice than any other source for the quickly developing tornadoes. AccuWeather provided customers with precious additional time to better prepare and seek safe shelter – critical when every second counts and lives are on the line.
AccuWeather was the only source to warn of an EF1 tornado that struck Grapevine, TX, near Dallas, during the morning rush hour, damaging commercial warehouses and businesses.
AccuWeather meteorologists issued a SkyGuard® Tornado Warning, which provided 30 minutes of advance notice before the rapidly developing tornado touched down. Our competitors issued warnings after a tornado was already on the ground.
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eda0e31f-2f2f-4950-a601-54d2959f13b3
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https://afb.accuweather.com/blog/accuweather-warns-of-devastating-tornado-outbreaks-first-more-accurately-than-competitors-and-issues-life-saving-warnings
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1965 movie
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https://wn.com/1965_movie
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About Us
Get Involved
There are several areas in which Diamond Head Theatre needs volunteers.
Although each area may require experience, the most important requirements are enthusiasm and a willingness to give Diamond Head Theatre time and positive energy. We will provide instruction and supervision where and when required.
Box Office - Daytime
Regular Box Office hours are Monday - Friday from 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. The volunteer hours would be somewhere between these hours. Box Office volunteers will be required to take ticket orders, both on the phone and in person, process payments, print tickets and simple filing.
The Box Office requires volunteers with:
Computer literacy
Good telephone personality
Basic math skills
Legible handwriting
Ability to deal with the public over the telephone and in person
Patience
Able to make a time commitment (minimum of 4 hours per week)
Box Office - Showtime
These volunteers help pass out tickets at the Box Office will call and assist the House Manager as needed.
This job requires volunteers with:
Good personality
Basic math skills
Legible handwriting
Ability to deal with the public over the telephone and in person
Patience
Able to make a time commitment (You would need to report to the Box Office 1½ hours prior to curtain time; the time commitment is approximately 2 hours.)
Ushers/Beverage Bar/Canteen
Ushers show patrons to their seats and pass out playbills; ticket takers verify and tear ticket stubs. Canteen volunteers sell snacks, soft drinks, & water before the show and during intermission. Beverage bar volunteers serve soft drinks, water, and alcoholic beverages before the show and during intermission.
Volunteers must have:
Excellent "people" skills
Ability to work on a team
Cash handling experience
Leadership skills
Able to make a time commitment (minimum of 4 hours when scheduled)
Bar volunteers need to get a "yellow card" from the Liquor Commission
Garden
Jobs include watering, raking, weeding and planting.
You need to:
Work with garden tools
Be comfortable spending time outdoors.
Able to make a time commitment (minimum of 2 hours per week)
Scene Shop
Scene shop work includes pre-production construction and post-production breakdown. Volunteers are needed during day and evening hours. We can always find a job for someone and training is provided.
Volunteers should:
Express a willingness to learn all phases of set and prop construction
Have a sense of humor
Those who may have experience in any of the following is also helpful:
Knowledge of hand and/or power tools
Painting experience of any kind
Electrical work experience
Stage Crew
The stage crew works under the direction of the stage manager. The stage crew moves set pieces and props during a show's performance, and ensures that all set pieces and props are secured at the end of a performance.
You MUST be:
Available for all technical rehearsals and performances
Able to work under stress
Able to lift 50 pounds (desired)
Willing to work on a team
Able to listen and follow directions
Spotlight Operators
The spotlight operators work with the stage manager, lighting designer and light board operator to adequately provide lighting for the show. Previous experience is helpful, but not necessary.
You MUST be:
Available for all technical rehearsals and performances
Able to work under stress
Willing to work on a team
Able to listen and follow directions
Costume Shop
The Costume Shop volunteers assist with the production and maintenance of show costumes. You may also be asked to handle costume rentals.
Volunteers must possess:
Hand and machine sewing skills
Phone skills
Patience
Ability to work with the public as well as the actors
A level-headed and calm demeanor
Ability to work under stress
Good sense of humor
Ability to learn and handle costume rentals (optional)
Able to make a time commitment weekly
In addition, volunteers are expected to be able to iron, launder, rip seams, sew buttons and the occasional bead, glue sequins, and generally be useful when and where needed.
Dressers
Dressers assist performers with costume changes during a show's performance.
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e11eb477-bac5-491a-be49-d766c28c9c38
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https://www.diamondheadtheatre.com/get-involved
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A code name for this was Santa Fe Test Train. Here is BNSF 5641 on the point of a WB Metrolink Test Train testing the capabilities between a Metrolink set and a BNSF AC4400CW on Metrolinks San Bernardino Line/San Gabriel Sub..
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http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/Locopicture.aspx?id=5947
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A hand-book on tuberculosis among cattle with considerations of the relation of the disease to the health and life of the human family, and of the facts concerning the use of tuberculin as a diagnostic test. by Henry L. Shumway
A hand-book on tuberculosis among cattle, with considerations of the relation of the disease to the health and life of the human family, and of the facts concerning the use of tuberculin.
A hand-book on tuberculosis among cattle, with considerations of the relation of the disease to the health and life of the human family, and of the facts concerning the use of tuberculin as a diagnostic test.
Find a copy online Links to this item Add library to Favorites. A hand-book on tuberculosis among cattle with considerations of the relation of the disease to the health and life of the human family, and of the facts concerning the use of tuberculin as a diagnostic test. About this book Coinciding with the first TB therapies to enter clinical trials in 60 years, this is the most comprehensive account of the latest developments in clinical, therapeutic and basic research into the disease, presented by the most prolific of all researchers in the field.
Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. It creates a substantial economic burden on the community. Unlike M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis infects cattle and causes bovine TB, also known as zoonotic TB.
People can contract zoonotic TB after consumption of. The detection of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis among the cattle of the same farm is an important finding. Although there are few reports of mixed infection in the clinical specimens from the cattle in India [5, 6] however, the actual prevalence of co-occurrence is still largely unknown.M.
tuberculosis in cattle most frequently produces an acute infection and the infected animals show short term. The Zhouhou beiji fang 肘后备急方 "Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies", attributed to the Daoist scholar Ge Hong (–), uses the name of shizhu 尸疰 "corpse disease; tuberculosis" and describes the symptoms and contagion: "This disease has many changing symptoms varying from thirty-six to ninety-nine different kinds.
Although there is limited information about the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Ghana, available information indicates that BTB is endemic in A hand-book on tuberculosis among cattle book in the country.
A recent study in humans by our group confirmed a prevalence of 1% of humans infected with M. bovis. Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands.
Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a major economic burden on the cattle industry, particularly in the United Kingdom. Attempts to control it, especially by targeting the environmental reservoir in the.
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is globally significant due to its impacts on cattle production. A Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication and Control (BTEC) program commenced in Fiji during the 's and has since been sustained by government funding and industry cooperation.
A retrospective study of bTB data obtained during the Fiji BTEC program from to was undertaken at the University. "Hardly a Family Is Free from the Disease": Tuberculosis, Health Care, and Assimilation Policy on the Nez Perce Reservation, By James, Elizabeth Oregon.
Tuberculosis, known variously as consumption, phthisis, and the great white plague, was long thought to be associated with poetic and artistic qualities in its sufferers, and was also known as "the romantic disease".
Major artistic figures such as the poets John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Edgar Allan Poe, the composer Frederic Chopin, the playwright Anton Chekhov, the novelists Franz.
Cattle are considered to be the definitive hosts of M. bovis although the prevalence of M. bovis infection in cattle in the United States has been greatly reduced by eradication efforts (Timoney et al., ; Konyha et al., ; Konyha, ; Essey, ).
Most M. bovis infected cattle appear normal. They carry and may shed the organism for years without showing signs of disease. Tuberculosis was found in a white-tailed deer in Ontario inand in an infected elk near Riding Mountain National Park (RMNP), Manitoba in Intense surveillance has resulted in detection of 40 elk, 8 white-tailed deer, and 7 cattle herds infected between and in the RMNP area.
Handbook of Tuberculosis is a well-rounded book written by renowned researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Tuberculosis Research. The easily accessible text offers infectious disease specialists, pulmonologists, and other healthcare workers an excellent quick reference tool, with full color tables and figures enhancing the text further.
"Cattle dealers come from Kampala, Masaka and other urban areas, but since Rakai District is among border districts and public transport is still restricted, farmers have no one to buy," he said. Companion handbook to the WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
pdf, Mb Resistance to tuberculosis (TB) drugs is a formidable obstacle to effective TB care and prevention globally. The Centre has a facility for an animal feed processing plant, feed machinery and milking machines among others.
Jersey and Holstein Friesian cattle breeds have an estimated capacity to supply. The Cooperative State-Federal Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication (TB) program began in At that time, approximately five percent of the cattle in the U.S.
were infected with TB. For many years, the main focus of the program was the area testing of all cattle with the subsequent slaughter of reactor animals.
To rule out false positive reactors, 75 out of tuberculosis between cattle with mixed blood (Jersey reactor cattle were subjected to CCT. The prevalence of crosses) as compared to the pure bred animals. A bovine tuberculosis infection as determined by CCT higher incidence of bovine tuberculosis among was per cent (15/75), whereas the.
Tuberculosis is an infectious, chronic or acute, localized or disseminated granulomatous disease that affects all animal species, caused by members of the genus mycobacteria. In cattle, the disease is caused by obligatory pathogenic and opportunistic species of mycobacteria and is transmitted between animals mainly through inhalation.
Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that occurs in many animals (including humans, cattle, and birds) and is caused by microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium.
These microorganisms cause the formation of nodules or tubercles in the tissues of infected individuals. The discovery of these tubercles.
Nea cattle were slaughtered in England last year because of bovine TB, and 3, farms were newly affected by the disease, according to. Other articles where Bovine tuberculosis is discussed: tuberculosis: Other mycobacterial infections: bovis, is the cause of bovine tuberculosis.
bovis is transmitted among cattle and some wild animals through the respiratory route, and it is also excreted in milk. If the milk is ingested raw, M. bovis readily infects humans. The bovine bacillus may be caught in the tonsils and may.
Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease and can cause tuberculosis in humans. bTb has been successfully eradicated from many developed countries including, Australia, most EU Member States, Switzerland, Canada and all but a few states in the USA (de la Rua-Domenech, ).
Among domestic animals, infection with M. tuberculosis has been most frequently identified in cattle (6, 27, 30). According to published data, the prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection in cattle herds did not exceed 1% in the majority of studies (13, 21,30).
Among the dairy cattle that tested positive from to in Central Division, a high proportion were productive female cattle, for example, in when all test positive animals were. Tuberculosis (TB) has been a major disease of humans for centuries (human strain, M tuberculosis).
That bacteria is spread primarily between people. The clinical condition caused by the two tuberculosis strains are similar.
This short summary is focused on the zoonotic strain found in cattle. Introduction. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) incidence in British cattle has risen exponentially since and its annual cost is projected to reach £1 billion by ().In5% of cattle farms in South West England, and % nationally, had confirmed breakdowns (details of cattle testing regimes are provided in the electronic supplementary material).
monary tuberculosis among all forms of tuberculosis. Book of Di sease of Cattle, Sheep, Pig, Goat a nd Tuberculosis in cattle is a public health concern and a potential threat to human. Description of Bovine Tuberculosis: Bovine tuberculosis (bovine Tb) is a disease found in mammals caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium bovis (M.
bovis).In North America, bovine Tb is most commonly found in domestic cattle and captive and wild cervids (white-tailed deer, elk, etc.) and less commonly in other mammals such as raccoon, opossums, coyotes, and wild boars. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Survival Guide for Clinicians, Third Edition was created through a collaboration of the Curry International Tuberculosis Center (CITC) and the State of California Department of Public Health, Tuberculosis Control Branch (CDPH).
CITC is a project of the University of California, San Francisco, funded by the Centers for. M avium avium is the species of most importance in birds, but it has a wide host range and is also pathogenic for pigs, cattle, sheep, deer, mink, dogs, cats, certain exotic hoofed animals, and some cold-blooded animals.
M avium hominissuis is the cause of tuberculosis in people, swine, and other animals. Diseases of Cattle. Tuberculosis in cattle, a bacterial disease related to human tuberculosis, is dangerous to humans and can be spread in infected milk and milk products.
However, the organism is killed by pasteurization. Infected cattle are identified by the tuberculin test of Robert Koch. In the United States infected cattle are destroyed.
The first edition of this book – Assessing tuberculosis prevalence through population-based surveys – was published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Its aim was to provide guidance to countries about how to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) disease through population-based surveys.
Designed for TB experts, survey investigators, researchers and advisers at national. To the Editor: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causative agent of tuberculosis in humans.
However, little attention has been paid to its transmission from humans to animals. We report M. tuberculosis infections in 3 cattle farms in Spain. The epidemiologic investigation traced humans as the source of infection, with 1 of the strains showing multidrug resistance.
The number of human tuberculosis (TB) cases that are due to transmission from animals, as opposed to human-to-human transmission, may be much higher than previously estimated, according to an.
Brucellosis is spread when 4 Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis is an ancient disease of man, animal and birds. Only a few countries are. Beef cattle represent one of the largest segments of Alabama's agriculture industry, providing a great source of income for the state.
This handbook explains basic beef cattle practices and is intended to aid beef cattle producers in today's business. Tuberculosis (TB) is among the diseases that have threatened the health and lives of people, and animals in the past century, causing mortality, morbidity and economic losses.1,2 In Nigeria bTB (bovine tuberculosis) occurrence is on the increase as a result of lack of any National Control Program"Farmer's access to services", the last chapter of the book, aims at enhancing awareness among farmers about sources of extension, information and services, public and private extension services, agricultural credit, insurance and legal aspects through Information & .Opinions differed between European and American approaches to meat inspection and bovine tuberculosis.
In his book, "Handbook of Meat Inspection, 4th ed," German veterinarian, Robert Von Ostertag states: "at present, the view is generally entertained that, in undoubted cases of local tuberculosis, the meat is harmless while in generalized.
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121cfb5a-047a-4a50-bdb3-718fc27a7bad
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https://mupeqipiheqejezyb.wrcch2016.com/a-hand-book-on-tuberculosis-among-cattle-book-21426ga.php
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Allergy Relief – Staving Off the Sneezes
Our ChARM Patient Portal:
Best of Sonoma County
Health Care Clinic
Hill Park Integrative Medical Center
Family Practitioner
Denise Cooluris, ND
Internal Medicine Doctor
Lois Johnson, MD
With the changing of the seasons and the rain finally coming to a close, the flowers come out with a vengeance. With the beauty that they lend the world, comes massive amounts of pollen. Allergy season often coincides with Spring and Fall, but, depending on your allergies, you can suffer year long. Brain fog, itchy eyes, sneezing, and feeling fatigued are not pleasant things you'd like to deal with on a daily basis. But, when you take the over the counter medications, the extra layer of brain fog and fatigue make it downright unbearable. So, you feel left between a rock and a hard place. There are many natural solutions such as IV vitamin therapy that can help to ease the pain of allergies, both lifestyle modifications and supplements that don't give the brain fog or medication hangover, but still provide potent relief.
1. Air Purifier
Getting an air purifier in your home can help to decrease the allergens residing there. By making your house a clean zone, you can vastly decrease the amount of allergens you are subjected to. This gives your system a rest, especially at night, so your body can heal and rest itself from the onslaught of allergens outside. This also helps to filter out the harmful particles like mold, which can cause a low level of inflammation, especially in the respiratory tracts.
2. Use Natural Cleaners
We all clean when we start to feel the allergies coming on. Common household cleaners can often emit vapors that inflame and harm the skin and respiratory tract. Always wear gloves and use natural cleaners to decrease the chances of further inflaming your respiratory tract.
3. Vitamin C
Our cells react to allergens by releasing histamine. It's the histamine that causes many of our allergy symptoms, like sneezing, itchy eyes, and skin rashes. Vitamin C helps to stabilize the cells to decrease their ability to release histamine. By taking appropriate amounts, this stabilizes the cell's membranes and keeps histamine IN the cell, rather than outside it.
4. Vitamin B5/ Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B5 is a super safe addition to your allergy regimen. B5 can help to control nasal congestion and dry up secretions. B5 can also reduce eosinophils, which are the main white blood cells (immune cells) responsible for allergies. This also helps to quickly decrease histamine levels in the body, which can help to alleviate symptoms.
5. Stinging Nettles
This herb is a great addition to your allergy arsenal. It helps to decrease the frequency and severity of allergy symptoms, such as runny nose and sneezing. If taken with enough time before allergy season, it can even help to prevent an allergic response. Its best to dose this herb frequently and early in the season to allow it to take full effect.
6. Gingko Biloba
This herb is normally associated with mood and cognitive function, but it also can play a small role in helping allergy symptoms. It can chemically mediate the inflammatory and allergy response due to some of its constituents. It's got plenty of antioxidant properties that help to decrease inflammation and improve cognition. Lastly, it can help with asthma, as it decreases the bronchoconstriction!
7. NAC
This compound combats allergies in multiple ways. It is the precursor to glutathione, which is a major antioxidant, liver protector, and immune supportive nutrient. While strengthening the immune system, it also helps to thin mucus and phlegm, allowing you to breathe easier. Just drink plenty of water, as it can easily leave you feeling extra dry
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9ee30aa2-2765-4132-9ad8-34a8ff8d4051
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https://hillparkmedicalcenter.com/allergy-relief-staving-off-the-sneezes/
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Abstract
title = "Crying baby gets the milk? The governmentality of grievance redressal for patient rights violations in Karnataka, India",
abstract = ".",
N2AB
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56e0a5e5-f2b6-46f1-8016-f3dd70d48c2e
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https://research.itg.be/en/publications/crying-baby-gets-the-milk-the-governmentality-of-grievance-redres
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12
When thou hast made an end of tithing all the tithe of thine increase in the third year, which is the year of tithing, then thou shalt give it unto the Levite, to the sojourner, to the fatherless, and to the widow, that they may eat within thy gates, and be filled.
14
I have not eaten thereof in my mourning, neither have I put away thereof, being unclean, nor given thereof for the dead: I have hearkened to the voice of Jehovah my God; I have done according to all that thou hast commanded me.
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789bdb01-895b-468c-9507-ea582c2b6150
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https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/cs/bible/american-standard-version/deuteronomy/26/
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Airbus get ₤28 million boost from Welsh Assembly
Airbus UK is set to receive a ₤28.66 million grant from the Welsh Assembly to support the company's development of composite wing capability and advanced manufacturing technologies at its Broughton plant.
The announcement comes 13 months after an injection of ₤7.5m capital into the firm's Composite Wing programme. At the time that was the Assembly Government's largest investment in research and development.
While Airbus UK – the aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of European aerospace company EADS – is expected to use the lifeline to continue its wing design assembly, it will simultaneously fund a new on-site facility for the development of environmentally-friendly technologies.
Brian Fleet, senior vice-president of the Airbus UK Centre of Excellence Wing and Pylon, said of the cash injection: "We welcome the Welsh Assembly Government's vital forward-looking investments in composites.
"This investment helps us to look beyond the acute challenges that currently face us as a result of the global economic downturn and allow us to take a long view into the future.
Fleet said the investment "will benefit the people of Wales for generations."
First Minister for Wales, Rhodri Morgan AM, echoed these sentiments, saying the venture cements Airbus' partnership with Wales "for years, if not decades, to come."
He also celebrated the fact that Wales and the United Kingdom will now be moving into the mainstream in composites manufacturing, "not just playing at composites, but moving to the top end of high-tech composite manufacturing technology."
The venture will safeguard 2,000 jobs just a matter of months since Morgan revealed that 250 redundancies were expected at the Flintshire site, the place where a quarter of engineering apprentices in Wales are trained. However, Ieuan Wyn Jones AM, deputy first minister for Wales, reiterated that the partnership's benefits extend beyond saving skilled employees, "as important as that is."
"It is a matter of introducing new technology that will put Wales and the UK at the forefront of carbon fibre composites," he said.
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d5e14352-f5e5-41af-995c-2e60db743196
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https://www.themanufacturer.com/articles/airbus-get-28-million-boost-from-welsh-assembly/?change_country=AU
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Abstract
title = "The structure of Mn-rich tuperssuatsiaite: A palygorskite-related mineral",
abstract = " {\AA},+.",
N2AB
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91fd4777-b178-4b86-ae77-76b625fb7139
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https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-structure-of-mn-rich-tuperssuatsiaite-a-palygorskite-related-
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96±ACRe ranch
$676,270
000 BAECKER RD
96± ACRES
PENDING
This highly desired property in Schroeder is now available. Located in Goliad County this property boasts over 96 acres, two ponds and partial perimeter barbed fencing. The property is undeveloped and does not have water, septic, or electricity. The seller is selling surface only, no Minerals will convey. Deed Restrictions do not allow for subdividing property or manufactured homes. located in Goliad, TX off of Hwy 59. With a gated entrance and paved private road, this community has deed restrictions that are designed to give you some freedom to build the home of your dreams while still preserving the integrity and value of your property.
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bc19b33f-3734-4b64-8a26-62b862b1da72
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https://jacobrealtytx.com/kilgore-baecker-rd/
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But We Shall Rise Again
But We Shall Rise Again, Reg Groves
found: secondhand bookshop
date 1938
This history of the Chartists from 1938 allows a thread to be drawn from Chartist John Arnott's life and death in Somers Town, prior to his confinement in the nearby workhouse, and the activism of the book's author, Reg Groves, in Somers Town in the early 1920s. At the age of 18, Anglo-Catholic and Socialist Reg Groves was drawn to the church of St Mary's in Somers Town, because there were figures there who followed the revolutionary vicar of Thaxted, Conrad Noel, who strove to win the Church to socialism. The years was 1926, year of the General Strike, and Groves organised strike meetings at the church. He became close to Stewart Purkis, Billy Williams, Bert Field and Ruby Rayner, all of whom were members of the Clearing House branch of the Railway Clerks' Association and worked in Somers Town. These Communists issued Pit and Factory Papers from the railway, garment and other industries, such as 'The Headlight', for St Pancras and Somers Town railway goods workers. Groves met with political allies in the Express Dairies Café at Euston to debate and conspire. There were many disputes and plenty of workers to politicise – for example, the Idris Ginger workers at the factory in Pratt Street, who had struck in 1911.
Disillusioned with the regime in Soviet Russia, Groves went on in the early 1930s to develop Trotskyism in Britain, but was by now operative around Balham in South London.
This copy of the book was owned by Glyn Evans, a Communist activist in Somers Town.
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3edf5972-87fa-424b-80e8-f25d773ec494
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http://lostfound.aspaceforus.club/sample-page/radicals/but-we-shall-rise-again/
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Alarm Clock, Bedside Clocks, Oooh Retro
Awesome Design, Flip Clocks, Type Clocks, Cool Clocks, Awesome Clock
If you spend your entire workday watching the clock and trying to telepathically urge it toward five p.m., this wall-mounted jumbo flip clock ($44.90) is going to make you even crazier. It's big, bold numbers flip mechanically reminding you of every passing minute, even though it feels like time is standing still.
The White & White Clock designed by Vadim Kibardin is a modern 3D interpretation of the traditional digital clock. Digital wall/desk white LED clock with white frame digits. Nothing else, simply time. White & White Clock is a clock with an alarm and a choice of time display modes 12/24 hour. In dark hours the light sensitive sensor changes the brightness of the digits to a less intense white.
Brick Flip Clock: A vintage flip clock, reinvented and redesigned, with a unique combination of materials and graphics. Inside the stainless steel case a precision machine gives you a different composition of numbers every minute, also known as the time. This clock can be put on a desk or hung to the wall. Available in a 24 hours or an am/pm version.
Brick by Erwin Termaat is a heavy duty vintage-style flip clock that's been redesigned in stainless steel. It can be used on a desk or hung on the wall, and is available in a 24-hour or an am/pm version.
We're big fans of vintage flip clocks — this particular Uncrater keeps one on his desk — but unless you get lucky at a local vintage furniture store, your odds of finding a genuinely great one are pretty slim. Instead, you could just order this Brick Flip Clock ($350). It features retro-styled black numbers set on white backgrounds, a solid, stylish stainless steel case, and is available in both 24- and 12-hour modelsBest trends of vintage lighting for 2015. Floor lamps from pendant lighting, take a look at those amazing ideas. #design #vintage #lighting #trends | See more suggestions at
Musique Cafe // esé studio | Afflante.com. If you love rustic style, you should now that is a trend. Use it in your bedroom, bathroom, living room or dining area. See more home design ideas at #contemporary #interiors
Sisu Nightstand
Bedside tables are unsung heroes of the night, keeping your books, alarm clock and glass of water within reach. MysuiteHome provides you different styles to match your beds and other bedroom furniture. Some have doors or drawers to hide your current bestseller from borrowers and all have prices that won't disturb your sleep.
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0bb9f86c-56e7-438f-92d8-c9c781b70f8f
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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/144115256795932478/
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AROUND THE WORLD.
Embassy disavows prankster comic
KAZAKHSTAN — The Kazakhstan Embassy in Washington wants the world to know that an HBO comedian passing himself off as "Borat of Kazakhstan" is an imposter.
Sacha Baron Cohen of "Da Ali G Show" fooled folks at a rodeo in Salem, Va., this month with his Borat Sagdiyev character. He urged President Bush to "drink the blood of every man, woman and child in Iraq."
Embassy press secretary Roman Vassilenko said last week: "He does not speak for Kazakhstan. He doesn't even look like a Kazakh."
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91922c61-ef3f-4533-bae1-4f2635c28e1f
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http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2005-01-17/news/0501170200_1_borat-sagdiyev-sacha-baron-cohen-da-ali-g-show
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Airlines
Airlines Partner
We are IATA accredited agents for all major International airlines worldwide & all full service & LCC Airlines in India. Belair Group has marketing agreements with most of the airlines, including special OTA & TBF Fares on many airlines, offering the lowest available airfares to our corporate & online customer. International flight options are available on over 80 airlines with Interlining with hundred's International airlines worldwide.
Our Partners
Disclaimer:
The information above is for reference, and we do not accept any liability for inaccuracies or updates.
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e15e9601-e04d-46f6-a6cf-33d6087e4e03
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https://www.belairindia.com/airlines/
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2013: Listed as a starter at left offensive
tackle on the preseason depth chart.
2012: Started 13 games at left offensive tackle
and missed the Sacramento State (10/20/12) game with an ankle
injury. He made his starting debut against Idaho (8/30/12). He
helped EWU rank seventh in the FCS in passing yards per game
(318.9), 14th overall in total offense (442.0) and 17th in scoring
(33.7).
2011: Redshirted.
HS: Graduated from Asotin HS in 2011. Earned
All-Southeast 2B League honors as a senior as he helped lead Asotin
to a 3-2 league record and 5-3 overall mark. As a junior, Asotin
finished 5-1 in the league and 8-1 overall.
Personal: Technology major. Born 5/13/92 in
Lewiston, Idaho. His parents are Levinn DeBord and Martha MacNeil.
Name is pronounced "duh-board."
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409a20c2-7c20-467d-9479-3b03ab902c52
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http://goeags.com/sports/m-footbl/2013-14/Bios/Clay_DeBord
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An A/Div tee logos within the lines and travels outside the beaten path. Made from premium cotton jersey, the men's graphic t-shirt from the Adventure Division offers up custom logo artwork printed in soft hand ink at the left chest and back. The long sleeve t-shirt is finished with a heat sealed neck label to maintain a comfortable feel throughout.
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89e59ffa-1a27-4bb8-807f-52add6666c55
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https://www.saltysboardshop.com/abyzt00161.html
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Abstract
Long-period fiber gratings were inscribed in a commercial silica fiber by a point-by-point arc discharge technique with different discharge conditions. The refractive index (RI) profile change induced by arc discharge was measured using the quantitative phase microscopy for the first time to our knowledge. The causes of the transmission variations induced by different arc discharges and the mechanisms of the RI profile change were investigated based on the measured phase profiles. The RI in the core and the cladding has clearly changed due to arc discharge. The central dip in the core profile diminished very much, and the index gradient became gradual. The resonance wavelengths have fluctuated by discharge current and time owing to variations of the reduction of the core–cladding RI difference and the extent of the RI change region.
You do not have subscription access to this journal. Citation lists with outbound citation links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an OSA member, or as an authorized user of your institution.
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a142b9b3-96cf-4703-923d-50f89ab18c06
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http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ao/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-51-34-8271
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10/29/2020
Join our Labor 2020 rally this Saturday, October 31, at noon with special guests Governor Tony Evers, U.S. Representative Gwen Moore, AFL-CIO Secretary-Treasurer Liz Shuler, and WI AFL-CIO President Stephanie Bloomingdale. We are getting out the union vote for Biden and Harris all weekend long!
After we hear from Governor Evers, Rep. Moore, AFL-CIO Secretary-Treasurer Shuler and Wisconsin AFL-CIO President Bloomingdale, our organizers will provide a brief training on how to use the virtual phone bank. We will hit the phones to remind voters about returning absentee ballots, early voting options, and safe in-person voting on Tuesday, November 3.
Over 1.5 million absentee ballots have been returned in Wisconsin. Is yours in? Track your ballot at myvote.wi.gov/trackmyballot. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that all Wisconsin absentee ballots must be received by municipal clerks by 8:00 p.m. on Election Day, Tuesday, November 3. You can return your ballot to a designated absentee ballot drop box or hand deliver it to your municipal clerk's office.
Let's do this Wisconsin! Make a plan to vote and remind your friends, family, co-workers, and neighbors to cast their ballot. Union members are busy working the phones and having important conversations about what's at stake on Tuesday, November 3. Join us at wisaflcio.org/mobilize.
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72f0d06b-dbe9-4fcd-9d37-362259633812
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https://wisaflcio.typepad.com/wisconsin-state-afl-cio-blog/2020/10/oct31-rally.html
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8 Steps to Improve Your House Prior to Listing with a Realtor
Consumer confidence at the end of 2016 is higher than it has been for eight years, and that means 2017 could be a year of strong economic growth. If so, homeowners could see rising home values, which could make it a great year to sell and make a fantastic profit. Before you list your home with a realtor, however, don't you want to ensure that you get top dollar? Experts say that if you do some key improvements, you will see an increase in your sales prices in many cases.
The most important thing about doing improvements prior to listing, experts remind us, is to not spend money that you will not get back when the house closes. A good way to determine this is to find out what kind of home improvements house flippers are doing in your area. Try comparing the sales price of homes with an older kitchen to one with an updated kitchen. If you see a sales price difference of $50,000, then spending $25,000 on a remodel might make sense.
Here are some good home improvement ideas that can improve the sales price of your home:
#1 Improve the Landscaping
It may seem minor, but the front yard and front of your home are a major part of the sales process. Having a nice looking front yard, including grass, bushes, trees and flowers, will go a long way towards getting a potential buyer in the door and paying more.
Experts recommend that you lay down new sod, replace bushes and add some color with new flower beds or pots of flowers. These improvements don't cost a lot but can really make a difference.
#2 Improve the Entry Way
A great way to make the entrance to your home nicer is to buy a new front door. If the house number and mailbox are old-looking, buy and install brand new ones.
#3 Replace Old Light and Plumbing Fixtures
If your house is more than 20 years old, you may have gold light fixtures. These are very outdated. And brass finish is less popular today than brushed nickel. Replacing old light fixtures and faucets is another improvement that costs little but can boost your sales price.
#4 Remove Popcorn Ceilings
Popcorn ceilings were popular in the 80s and 90s and were a cost effective way to finish a ceiling. They are very outdated today, and half of your potential buyers will run for the hills when they see popcorn ceilings.
Expect to spend several thousand dollars to remove popcorn ceilings from your home. If the home is older than 1980, you should check if the ceiling contains asbestos. If so, you must have a licensed asbestos abatement professional remove the popcorn ceilings.
#5 Replace Carpet
Old and dirty carpet is a big turn off for buyers. If you have old hard wood under the carpet, you should consider ripping out the carpet and refinishing the hard wood. Nice hardwood floors are popular today; they also are much easier on people with allergies.
#6 Paint Rooms
You would be amazed at just how much difference a nice fresh coat of paint can make on rooms in your home! Experts advise repainting rooms in neutral colors and don't use any usual paint colors.
#7 Upgrade the Kitchen
Most potential buyers head for the kitchen when looking at a house. For less than a thousand dollars, you can at least replace your kitchen faucet, install new cabinet door handles and install new light fixtures.
If you have more money in your bank account, you can refinish the cabinet faces for a few thousand dollars. And if you have a budget of more than $10,000, consider installing new granite counter-tops and floor tile. A different color back-splash can make a huge difference too.
There are simple steps for improving your home in an effort to maximize your sales price.
#8 Improve the Master Bath
Fixing up the master bath is the next thing after the kitchen that can really add to your sales price. And many of the improvements that make a difference cost little. For example, swap out that old toilet seat and pedestal sink for something more modern.
Also, you can replace the bathroom floor with vinyl tiles or sheet vinyl. You might not even need to tear out the old floor. If the shower and tub are date, you might re-grout the tile and replace tiles that are chipped. For a bigger budget, consider a new tub and shower that installs over the old one. This requires a professional installer, but it still is a cost effective upgrade.
My Point
We expect that home prices are going to be on the upswing in 2017 and 2018, so the best way to take advantage when selling your home is to make some cost-effective improvements that add to your resale value. The upgrades we highlighted above have been proven over time to add to the value of most people's homes.
We hope that you can complete at least some of these improvements so you can get top dollar for your home. If you do not have a budget of tens of thousands of dollars, it's ok! Just start small, such as with upgrading the landscaping, faucets and light fixtures. Just doing these minor tweaks to your home can add value and get more people in the door to look at your home
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319150bc-81f6-48cb-a1ee-af7ca2eb8137
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https://www.refiguide.org/8-steps-improve-house-prior-listing-realtor/
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Andos99, yes. I've been there many times and the last time was last week. However, they no longer handle SW anything. It's all FW. I was really disappointed as I bought most of my fish there 18 years ago when I had my 55 gallon.
The one I'm talking about is called ABOUT THE REEF, I think and it's on West Thomas someplace. I hope to hit it sometime next week if not this weekend.
Shoot if I could manage to get my tank up and running any time soon I would love to check out some of those places. The lfs here in casa grande is kind of small and tailors more towards dogs, cats and birds than fish.
Last time i was at ocean floor i was very impressed by their fish selection and setups, but i almost threw up upon walking into their reptile section, it appeared that their employees were either afraid of the animals or didnt care, One of the tarantulas (a very slow growing species) had at least 4 molts in its enclosure, which would have taken more than 2 months to accumulate. Another small problem is the stench, it should NOT smell like that :/. Besides the reptiles though, the rest of the store definitely impressed me.
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700d8fa0-4fe0-4ca1-ab3b-29ac24136079
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http://www.aquariumadvice.com/forums/f118/whats-going-on-az-73012-2.html
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2nd instructor training event by MCU
The 2nd instructor training event took place on July 7 – 8, 2020. The event focused on active learning, and more specifically on designing a new tool kit of practical activities. It was attended by 11 lecturers. The event further focused on sharing experiences and teaching practices among educators from different faculties of Meanchey University. Prior to the event, the participating lecturers primarily deployed traditional, lecture-based instruction. The event helped lecturers integrate active approaches in their instruction. Participants discussed ways for improving student group work and building student self-confidence. The event took place in the ALIEN problem-based learning laboratory
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55f1ae45-624f-4ac1-a2e9-c065b38bd35d
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http://projectalien.eu/index.php/2nd-instructor-training-event-by-mcu/
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Albert Dros (1985)
Albert is a very driven and passionate photographer. He always tries to be at the right place at the right time. His passion and vision results in spectacular photographs, with eye for detail and lots of creativity. Albert loves to travel. He enjoys all the beautiful landscapes the world has to offer but has also eye for interesting places closer to home. Every tree, road or cloud holds potential for a photograph and composition. As a tour guide, he shares his passion, enthusiasm and technical skills with those around him.
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07b1dfbe-7afe-48e1-8eef-5626bf93becc
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https://phototourspecialist.com/albert-dros/
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1 Answer
1
Since the invoice uses the billing adress object of the order you can't save changes in the billing address which should affect only the invoice.
But you can try to use a plugin after the method getBillingAddress() in the invoice model (Magento\Sales\Model\Order\Invoice) and overwrite the
name fields (prefix, firstname, lastname etc. depending on your configuration / used fields).
A method like this should work for the suggested approach (don't forget to add the plugin in your di.xml) :
i try this but getBillingAddress() is not working to retrive address in core file also
– Ketan BoradaJun 5 at 8:50
I'm not sure I understand what you are meaning with "not working to retreive address in core file also"
– HelgeBJun 5 at 8:55
when i comment above function in Invoice.php although i get billing address
– Ketan BoradaJun 5 at 8:58
So you have created a plugin class with the method I've suggested in my answer, configured that plugin class in your di.xml as plugin to Magento\Sales\Model\Order\Invoice::getBillingAddress(), run bin/magento di:setup:compile and don't get the changed values if you call getBillingAddress() on an invoice object of an order of a registered customer?
– HelgeBJun 5 at 9:24
1
That means that whereever the code you are using is located, it doesn't access the billing address through the invoice object but through the order.
– HelgeBJun 5 at 10:55
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910ddd7e-6e5d-46e5-bd42-e605260c5d82
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https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/277235/magento2-copy-customer-name-to-invoice-billing-address-name
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226 Quaker Road
226 Quaker Road
Pomona, NY, 10970
$849,000Price
6Beds
5Baths
3298sqft
Description
Unique expanded bi-level for large/extended family - offering two homes in one! Meticulously well cared for. Newly updated kitchen with stainless steel appliances and granite countertops, walk in pantry. Hardwood floors all throughout the house. 3 Full bathrooms and 4 bedrooms upstairs. Beautiful, enclosed porch with cabinet and sink as seen in pictures. Flat huge backyard is perfect for a big pool. Shed and garden on property. Very long driveway that can accommodate lots of cars. Fully finished walk out basement that has additional bedrooms living space and 2 full bathrooms, with lots of room for storage. Most walls can be moved to have a big open airy living space. Only 1/2 hour to NYC located right off exit 13 on the Palisades Parkway. Great curb appeal house is set back from street with stunning front lawn that has a charming island with artfully planted colorful flowers, trees, and shrubs.
For ADA assistance, please email [email protected]. If you experience difficulty in accessing any part of this website, email us, and we will work with you to provide the information you seek through an alternate communication method.
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ec3ca2d7-3681-4860-9b54-237513a1c075
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https://www.ricksellselpasotexas.com/property/ny/10970/pomona/-/226-quaker-road/628ad499b4699bde3acb412a/
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Author: Emily Tom
Airplanes powered by… ALGAE? This is Sandra Tsing Loh with the Loh Down on Science. Algae are microbes that can turn sunlight into energy that' is then stored as oil. Algae's other superpower? Fighting rising gas prices – as BIOFUELl! But this process is inefficient and costly. How can we
Homework or zombie battles? Why not … BOTH? This is Sandra Tsing Loh with the Loh Down on Science. HOW to get your kids to stop with the video games and do their homework? Wait, could all that screen time actually be HELPING them? Enter Angela Pasqualotto and team from
Cavities are a PAIN – and that's the TOOTH! This is Sandra Tsing Loh with the Loh Down on Science. The enamel on our teeth is there to protect them from cavities – but sometimes they happen anyway! And truly life-like tooth enamel is nearly IMPOSSIBLE to create artificially. Or
Hey cat, quit staring at me! What on EARTH is he thinking about? This is Sandra Tsing Loh with the Loh Down on Science. Those of us who work at home are spending a LOT more time with our pets these days! How can we better understand our feline friends'
Don't judge a carrot by its . . . peel? This is Sandra Tsing Loh with the Loh Down on Science. Gnarly, twisted, scarred or spotted! Billions of pounds of fruits and veggies are thrown away each year. Why? Just because they don't LOOK picture-perfect! This waste harms our environment,
Alexa, play "Baby Shark." Alexa, PLAY "BABY SHARK"! ALEXA? This is Sandra Tsing Loh with the Loh Down on Science. Kids can get pretty chatty with Alexa and Siri – even though they're just "virtual assistants!" How does that affect the way they talk to REAL people? Enter Alexis Hiniker
What do you call a pink bird who loves to socialize? A fla-mingle! This is Sandra Tsing Loh with the Loh Down on Science. We all love to primp for a party – flamingos are no exception! They rub their cheeks on a gland by their tails to keep their
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f21320fc-ae58-4721-986f-cf72e7ea403c
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https://lohdownonscience.com/author/etom/page/3/
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August Theme: Ties That Bind This month, we are focusing on the "Ties That Bind". This theme is for the fandoms and characters that find their fates through those they are bonded to. Representing our...
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70c4e96f-cc51-49f4-a8a5-518478734766
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https://faecrate.com/pages/portal
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1 8 Numerology Compatibility
1 8 Numerology Compatibility: How Does Manifestation Work?
Do you find it troublesome to manifest things you desire into your life?
Maybe you adhere to the Law of Attraction and also just can't quite conquer manifestation? It can be challenging at first, once you master it, manifesting can become acquired behavior to you. 1 8 Numerology Compatibility
So, it deserves knowing the ins and outs of what exactly manifestation is and how to appropriately manifest what you desire. Prior to I share my manifestation overview with you, allow's have a look at what manifestation implies and exactly how it works.
What Does 'Manifestation' Mean?
There are several 'meanings' of the word manifest, but the easiest would certainly be that a manifestation is 'something that is put into your physical fact with thought, sensations, as well as beliefs'.
This implies that whatever you concentrate on is what you are bringing into your reality. You might focus and also manifest with meditation, visualization or simply by means of your aware or subconscious.
Thisprocedure Is Called Manifesting!
Bringing in wealth, success and all the advantages in life calls for education and learning. No, I'm not discussing sitting in the classroom. I'm speaking about studying the Law of Attraction as well as practicing the act of manifestation. It might sound unusual, however it's something you can find out quite quickly.
This is exactly what 1 8 numerology compatibility is about 1 8 Numerology Compatibility
You just need to apply it on a constant basis so as to get good at it, as is true with any skill.
Some individuals appear to be normally proficient at drawing in abundance. Yet, that does not imply you can't discover to be efficient it as well.
One essential aspect, is thinking that you should have the important things you desire so strongly, it ends up being a part of your really being. It has nothing to do with luck. It's about putting yourself abreast with what you desire.
In order to start out when traveling to bring in every little thing you want in life, you should initially recognize the fundamentals of the Law of Attraction.
For instance, if you have been thinking about getting a brand-new job and also you focused on exactly what you wanted and when you desired it, your ideas as well as sensations would be strong bordering this. This is precisely what 1 8 numerology compatibility is all about. You could then try to meditate or visualize your objective as well as this can help to manifest it into your fact.
Just How Does Manifestation Function?
Like with the Law of Attraction, a manifestation is where your thoughts and your power can produce your truth. If you are constantly being negative and really feeling down, after that you are going to attract as well as manifest adverse energy to be able to 1 8 numerology compatibility.
The first thing to do when manifesting is to have a look at your thoughts as well as feelings. Are you feeling negative? Do your thoughts border negativity?
If so, you might begin to manifest points you do not want in your reality. This is why it is essential to remove your mind as well as have a positive mind when you are intending to manifest.
1 8 Numerology Compatibility
Manifestation doesn't just deal with your thoughts, there needs to be a type of action on your component. This could be actually getting the jobs that match what you are looking for and also mosting likely to the meetings.
Trying to picture your ideas and also sensations concerning your job; this will after that aid you to feel even more favorable and also determined to make these adjustments a truth. This will then push you to take some action and also 1 8 numerology compatibility work. Nevertheless, experts encourage that if you very carefully function your way via four unique manifestation steps, it's possible to obtain outcomes a lot faster.
In fact, if you are questioning how to manifest anything in simply 24 hours, you may only require 5 steps.
So, if you follow this simple manifestation overview, you may well obtain specifically what you want in 24 hr or even much less!
( As well as if you think you may have a manifestation block, you can take this test to learn what is vigorously holding you back.).
Manifestation Action 1: Pick What You Want To Manifest.
When you pick something specific to manifest, it's important that you understand precisely why you want this certain point in your life. And also when you're attempting to manifest something in just 1 day, you additionally have to pick something you think you can manifest in a day.
So, for example, there's little factor in stating you wish to start a brand-new company in 1 day unless you really believe you can attain this goal in the next day. However, you may well believe that you can efficiently manifest the next action in your journey to a new service in a day, in which instance you might set that as your objective (e.g. to finish a business plan, obtain a car loan you require, or discover a person to team up with).
So if something isn't taking place for you right now, it does not mean it never will. Maintain believing and also keep dealing with your goal.When selecting benefit me and also for others?
Whatever desire should be the higher excellent, and something you want by itself; most likely something that's a substantial step on the trip in the direction of a higher manifestation goal.
So, in sum: decide what you want, truly get in touch with the intention to have it, and also believe that you will certainly get what you request for.
Manifestation Action 2: Remove Things That Stand In Your Means.
Regrettably 1 8 Numerology Compatibility
If you are in a poor place mentally, you require to first obtain right into the ideal mindset before you can successfully manifest anything. You can not be focusing on negativity as well as expect to attract advantages into your life. So spend some time to exercise self-care. Try meditation and also different stress-relief techniques.
->Harmful individuals.
When you are servicing manifesting your desire you require to see to it nobody is holding you back. People who do not believe in you, always criticize you and/or complain about everything are obstructs that will maintain you from doing your best.
Sometimes you simply require to be patient. Whatever you desire will occur. however it will take place at the correct time and for the right reasons. Unwind and also think of just how your manifestation procedure is addressing the moment.
Do you seem like you're on the appropriate course or is something holding you back?
If you're uncertain what it is that's getting in your means, take this totally free cutting-edge 60-second test. You will certainly receive a free tailored video record on what specifically is vigorously holding you back from attracting the prosperity, love, joy, and wealth that you want.
Manifestation Step 3: Imagine What You Wished To Manifest.
You possibly currently recognize the basics of visualization as well as contend the very least tried to exercise those methods a couple of times. On your present manifestation pursuit, beginning by going someplace that's quiet and exclusive, as well as spend simply a min on picturing the important things you desire.
Put all your power and also concentration into seeing it with your mind's eye, and also allow all the good feelings about the things or outcome well up inside you.
This action functions best if you do a multi-sensory visualization; if you can see, hear, scent, touch and also (if relevant) taste the end result you're wanting to create. Make it as real as you perhaps can, so it's virtually like it's yours currently.
Add as several information as you can, as well as do not attempt to imagine exactly just how the thing or end result becomes your own; rather, emphasis entirely on completion result of getting what you prefer.
When it comes to the issue of "1 8 Numerology Compatibility":
Don't consider how your desired item or end result will certainly manifest and don't attempt to see it coming to you via any kind of certain individual or means. Your emphasis must be on completion result of obtaining the thing of your need.
Manifestation Step 4: Take Action To Manifest What You Want.
You can invest the remainder of your day practically living as you usually would; there isn't any type of particular activity you need to absorb order to make manifestation feasible (your intents are what will determine your success). Instead, when you have actually ended up actions 1-2 as described over, you are simply waiting on what you wish to show up.
However, if you really feel need to do something specific; whether it right away makes sense or it's even more of an intuition-based yearning. Then think about following your gut as well as taking that activity. If it feels all-natural, do it!
If you discover that you don't get the outcome you want within 24 hours or less, look back at the very first two actions and go back with them. Often, writing down what you want (and some of the solution to the specific questions postured) can offer deep space the added nudge it needs to fuel your manifestation.
There are some typical reasons why you may not be manifesting swiftly. Specifically, consider whether you're questioning the process; do you either not believe you'll get what you request for since you do not believe you deserve it, or probably doubt whether it's possible to manifest using the Law of Attraction? Any kind of type of negative feelings (e.g. stress and anxiety, concern, temper, and also doubt) or negative beliefs can hinder your outcomes.
Manifestation Action 5: Acknowledge And Also Value.
Although this final action may not look that substantial initially look, it can in fact do a lot to shape your manifestation potential in the future. Basically, the essential idea here is that you need to totally appreciate what you have once you attain your objective.
It can be simple to fail to remember that you requested what you obtained, so take aggressive actions to prevent this.
Go back to what you first thought as well as really felt when you were envisioning your preferred things or result, and link those experiences with the brand-new experience of having what you want. Consider the tangible evidence you have that thoughts are things, and that thinking in a specific means can create concrete modifications worldwide around you.
The even more you make this connection and emphasize it, the much better you'll be at manifesting in the future (as you'll replace unfavorable, limiting ideas as well as questions with positive, favorable thoughts and also sensations).
On The Verge Of Manifestation?
So, you've completed all of our manifestation actions and also you feel favorable and motivated … currently what? Well, as long as you can hang on to this sensation and stay positive, focus on your goals and take some type of activity– then you've done all you can!
This indicates that you are on the brink of manifestation, and also there are some indicators that you should watch out for in order to know your manifestation is close. It may seem like nothing has happened after you've set aside time to really think as well as feel your manifestations, yet that's only the start.
These indicators are likely to just show up to you, even if you aren't searching for them.
IndicationsYourManifestationIsClose.
1 8 Numerology Compatibility
When you are attempting to manifest something right into your life, there are many indications that you should be looking out for in order to recognize that your manifestation is close. Some will be small indications, and others could be gazing you right in the face, without you understanding.
Right here are a few of the indicators that might concern you when your manifestation is close:
Finding out about your wishes. This could be hearing someone's conversation or listening to the radio, where they are discussing the very thing that you want.
Feeling excited. If you begin to establish a sense of excitement despite there not being a reason, this could be a sign that your manifestation is close.1 8 Numerology Compatibility
You see repeating numbers. Repeating numbers have essential significances and these are a good indication that your manifestation is close. Pay attention to the numbers you see.
Other individuals discussing your objectives. Individuals in your life may bring up your goals in discussion, informing you that you would certainly be proficient at something (even if they are unaware that this is your goal).1 8 numerology compatibility
These are simply a couple of signs to reveal that your manifestation is close to remaining in your fact. Make sure to keep note of the indicators you are seeing and feel excited that your manifestations totally free record to expose how to open your manifesting powers.
1 8 numerology compatibility: After taking this test, you will certainly learn what is holding you back from bring in love, joy, and abundance right into your life. This can help you to begin manifesting as well as attracting what you prefer, into your life.
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0f3ccdee-3ce0-4c4a-b268-03ef6b8f0f3d
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https://tealsound.org/1-8-numerology-compatibility/
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Beijing's 'green lung' gives capital breathing space
By XIN WEN |
China Daily |
Updated: 2019-08-20 06:52
Runners find the park an ideal place to exercise. WANG ZHUANGFEI/CHINA DAILY
Ecological effect
Covering 608 hectares, the park is home to 208 different wild animal species, including the yellow-bellied weasel and hedgehogs, along with numerous types of birds. Tourists visit the venue throughout the year.
According to the Olympic Park Management Committee, protecting the ecosystem is the top priority, and the park is designed to act as Beijing's "green lung"-an area for leisure and entertainment that meets the increasing demand from local residents for green space.
When the park was completed in June 2008, the proportion of forest area in Beijing rose to 67 percent and carbon sequestration-a process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in solid or liquid form-reached 4,763 metric tons per year. The park releases 5,208 tons of oxygen annually, according to the management committee.
As dusk falls at the park, young men play basketball on outdoor courts, retirees dance in large groups and families use the walkways to exercise. Lovers often sit along the trails, listening to guitar players.
Since 2014, Zhang Yu, 40, an illustrator at a nature and geographical magazine in Beijing for young readers, has spent more than 100 nights in the park during summer and autumn, searching with a flashlight for signs of hedgehogs.
He even considered bringing a tent to the park late at night to ensure he had sufficient time to track the creatures.
According to Zhang, untended land in the park provides the perfect habitat for hedgehogs, and they usually rest and sleep on the edges of grassy areas.
Wang Zhou, 60, from Beijing, who has been a keen bird watcher since 1996, said, "We are lucky to have Olympic Forest Park as one of the areas to observe birds' behavior."
Wang, who worked in finance before retiring, said she used to watch birds to ease the pressure of work.
"Every time I saw the birds, especially some new species that suddenly appeared, I felt a sense of satisfaction and my spirits quickly rose," she said.
Wang has also watched birds at other parks in Beijing, such as the Old Summer Palace and the Temple of Heaven.
"Compared with other places, Olympic Forest Park has bushy shrubs and untrimmed plants, providing a better environment for wildlife," she said.
Wang said that when it opened to the public in 2008, the park had relatively few species of birds, as the natural landscape had not been "recognized" by migratory species and they rarely visited the site to rest and nest.
However, with the growth of plants and the expansion of the park, the environment, including grasslands, hills and forests, gradually became richer, and the park turned out to be an ideal habitat for birds
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eng
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2742b787-1768-4e58-bc72-de82e6335d1b
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http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201908/20/WS5d5b2811a310cf3e35566a34_4.html
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Abstract
Bibliographical note
title = "Impact of oropharyngeal dysphagia on healthcare cost and length of stay in hospital:: a systematic review",
abstract = ".",
note = " Impact of oropharyngeal dysphagia on healthcare cost and length of stay in hospital:
T2 - a systematic review
AU - Attrill, Stacie
AU - White, Sarahlouise
AU - Murray, Joanne
AU - Hammond, Sue
AU - Doeltgen, Sebastian
N1 - Open 2018/8/2
Y1 - 2018/8/2
N2AB
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eng
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b8e151d7-2f5f-4792-8c78-97036f322861
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https://researchnow.flinders.edu.au/en/publications/impact-of-oropharyngeal-dysphagia-on-healthcare-cost-and-length-o
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Alamere Falls ( A hidden Gem)
The hike to the waterfalls is a couple hours so be prepared. The trails to get there are not exact so you have to pay attention and be somewhat adventurous. Once you get there they are beautiful. Some people camp out there for 4 and 5 days. Trust the Tripp is more than worth it!
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d98a091e-3090-4825-bc91-88fd54797e2b
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https://www.culturepathxc.com/post/alamere-falls-a-hidden-gem
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>>697645780 protip: never, EVER put live carnivorous animals into your body. Just last year some drunk chink's buddies shoved an eel up his ass as a "prank" and it ate through his intestines and he died
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eng
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124e48a3-24d1-47d1-bafc-f01fb8d9694e
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http://randomarchive.com/board/b/2542
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5 Mistakes To Avoid While Caring For Your Fern
Fern plants are a popular choice among indoor gardeners as they add an element of freshness and natural beauty to any space. However, caring for ferns can be tricky, especially for first-time plant owners. These plants require specific conditions and care to thrive, and even minor mistakes like overwatering can have adverse effects on their health.
While it may take some extra patience and effort, anyone can successfully care for their indoor ferns with the right attention and maintenance! In this article, I'll cover five common mistakes you should avoid when caring for your fern plants – so that you can give them the best chance of thriving indoors!
5 DON'TS for Caring For Your Fern
Overwatering:
Are you making this common mistake with ferns? Many people associate ferns with damp, lush gardens and assume they need lots of water. The truth is ferns thrive in moisture but don't like their roots to be constantly soaked. Ferns are delicate plants that can easily be damaged by overwatering. These plants require adequate drainage and moist soil, but excess water can cause the roots to rot, and the leaves may start to yellow. To avoid this, ensure the soil is slightly damp but not soggy. You can check the soil moisture level by sticking your finger into the soil, and if it feels dry, water the plant.
Exposing Your Fern Plant to Direct Sunlight:
Discover the secret to thriving ferns – light, but not too much! While ferns need bright light, exposing them to direct sunlight can cause the leaves to burn and wilt. Instead, place your ferns in a location where they receive filtered or indirect sunlight. You can also rotate the plant occasionally to ensure that all sides receive equal light exposure.
Make sure the fern is not placed in a location that is too dark. While these resilient plants can handle some darkness, they still need a touch of light to thrive truly. Avoid leaving them in complete darkness, which can lead to weak and sluggish growth. Instead, find the perfect spot for your ferns – a cozy corner with bright but indirect light. This way, they can enjoy the best of both worlds: a break from harsh sunlight and a healthy dose of brightness throughout the day.
Not Humidifying Your Fern Plant:
Humidity is crucial for the healthy growth of ferns.
Ferns add a touch of lush greenery to any room, however, at a price: These delicate plants require a certain humidity level to thrive. If the air is too dry, it can cause the leaves to turn brown or fall off. This can be a challenge, especially during the summer when air conditioning pumps out dry air. Fortunately, there are ways to help our ferns survive and thrive even in these conditions. One simple option is to invest in a humidifier, which can add much-needed moisture to the air around your ferns. Another option is to mist the plants every few days, which can help them retain moisture and prevent them from drying out. With a little care, you can enjoy your beautiful ferns for many years to come!
Ignoring Pest Infestations:
Pests like spider mites and mealybugs can infest your fern plant, causing damage and stunting growth. Look for pests and signs of infestation, such as yellow or brown spots on the leaves or webbing on the plant. If you notice any signs of pest infestation, isolate the plant and treat it immediately. Delicate care is crucial, as using the wrong products can easily harm their leaves. Don't be fooled by natural products – just because something is natural doesn't mean it's safe for ferns.
Luckily, I successfully eradicated aphids and saved my plants using a natural and powerful solution: diatomaceous earth. This product, also known as DE comes in the form of white powder and is a safe and natural insecticide that gets the job done! Plus, its effectiveness is long-lasting since soft bodies insects cannot develop a resistance to it, so that you can use it multiple times without worry. Want to learn more? Check out my article all about DE.
Not Pruning Your Fern Plant:
Ferns can grow quite big and become full, which can affect their growth and overall appearance. Regular pruning is necessary to maintain the shape and size of the plant. Pruning your fern is just as important as watering it regularly and keeping it in a well-lit location. By removing any dead or damaged fronds, you are not only encouraging healthy growth but also enhancing the overall appearance of your fern.
So, how do you properly prune a fern? First, sterilize your pruning shears with rubbing alcohol to prevent the spread of disease. Next, locate the base of the frond where it meets the stem and snip it off at a 45-degree angle. Make sure to only remove about one-third of the fronds at a time to avoid shock to the plant. With a little bit of care, your fern will thank you with lush, greenery in no time!
Discover The Early Warning Signs That Your Fern Might Be In Distress
If you're a proud owner of a fern plant, keeping a close eye on its well-being is essential. Luckily, identifying the first signs that your fern plant is suffering isn't too difficult.
One of the initial signs to look for is the fading of its vibrant green color. It may start to look dull and lifeless, indicating it's not receiving enough light or water. Drooping or wilting leaves could mean your fern is thirsty and needs a drink. Another clear sign that something is wrong is the browning or yellowing of the fronds.
It's vital to address these issues promptly to keep your fern plant looking lush and healthy. So if you notice any of these telltale signs, don't hesitate to make a change in your care routine! Ensure it receives the right amount of light, humidity, and water. If necessary, adjust these factors accordingly and consider fertilizing your plant to give it an extra boost. With the right care and attention, your fern can recover and thrive once again.
The Benefits Of Keeping A Fern Indoor
If you're looking for a low-maintenance indoor plant with many benefits, consider adding a fern to your home. These delicate but resilient plants are not only beautiful, but they are also natural air purifiers.
Ferns can improve the air quality in your home by removing harmful toxins often present in indoor environments. They also thrive in low-light environments, meaning they are the perfect solution for those dark corners in your home. Did we mention that ferns are also great at maintaining humidity levels? This makes them especially beneficial for those who suffer from allergies or dry skin. So, what are you waiting for? Go ahead and add a beautiful fern to your indoor garden today!
Best Companion Plants For Ferns
Are you looking to incorporate ferns into your indoor plant collection? Great idea! Ferns are beautiful, easy to care for and add a touch of freshness to any room. But did you know that ferns also have companion plants that can enhance their growth and beauty?
Plants such as peace lilies, spider plants, English ivy, and pothos are perfect companions for ferns, as they thrive in similar conditions. Combining these plants in one pot is aesthetically pleasing and creates a mini ecosystem, promoting healthy growth and reducing the need for frequent watering. So, don't be afraid to mix and match your green friends, and let your creativity run wild! If you are looking for other plant combinations, don't skip this great article with ten ideas on how to mix different houseplants in one pot.
In conclusion, caring for fern plants requires attention to detail, patience, and proper care. Avoiding these common mistakes will ensure that your fern plant thrives and adds beauty to your indoor garden. Remember to keep the soil slightly damp, provide humidity and bright but filtered light, watch for pest infestation, and regularly prune your fern plant. With these tips, you can enjoy the beauty and fresh air that ferns bring to your home Italy
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eng
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bde88bb8-28ca-4698-aecd-84d5dab6b2d8
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https://biopests.com/5-mistakes-to-avoid-while-caring-for-your-fern/
| 4high
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Adonis GrandCamp – Residence Les isles de Sola
Grandcamp-Maisy, France
Perfectly located in the centre of Grandcamp-Maisy, this residence is just a short stroll from the beach and the marina with its sailing school. The D-Day beaches are easily reachable, and the picturesque villages of the Normandy cider route are within a short drive. The airport of Caen can be reached within 60 minutes by car. Features of the residence include WIFI in public areas, garden, outdoor pool and wellness.
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eng
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2d91b4e5-c8a2-4b76-bb10-480830993b1d
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http://www.skoosh.com/grandcamp_maisy_hotels/adonis_grandcamp_residence_les_isles_de_sola_hotel.html
| 0low
|
Any Hitman Pro Second Opinion Scanner Users facing this issue?
In the latest version of HitmanPro 64-bit, every time I scan my PC it finds ask toolbar extension installed in Google Chrome (although it isn't).After resetting Chrome & removing the extension using Hitmanpro & I opened Chrome again & then I run a scan & guess what?? Ask toolbar is again found installed at first I thought my PC was infected & I did a full repartition & format. Then I installed Chrome & scanned with Hitmanpro....it again finds Ask Toolbar WTF is happening??? Is anyone facing the same issue with the latest version of Hitmanpro?? Please respond!!
It might be some false positive coz I scanned my PC with Avast free,Malwarebytes & even Super Antispyware & nothing was found every time (as expected coz it was afresh installation & I only installed Windows updates,Avast,Chrome & Hitmanpro)Click to expand...
Yes, exactly the same...most probably it is a bug,just wanted to make sure if others were having a similar experience
Yes, exactly the same...most probably it is a bug,just wanted to make sure if others were having a similar experience
BTW:- The "Web Data" is actually a file, not a folder
Click to expand...
Whoops, I missed that. I copied the "Web Data" file to another location to view it's contents. It's a "SQLite format 3" file with what I guess are SQL commands of formatting structures? At any rate, I see nothing about ask.com or the Ask Toolbar in it's contents.
Check the registry for ask toolbar or ask.com . AFAIK a lot of malware programs will not remove registry entries.
Use regedit and search.
Click to expand...
Hitman Pro doesn't show the items being in the registry, and they are not there. But yes, regedt32 is often the way to go for some situations. I got hit with some Spigot-Open Candy-Conduit crap months ago. Regedt32 gave it the boot.
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eng
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b216138a-f9e2-445c-9d91-5fed504dbe3b
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https://forums.mydigitallife.net/threads/any-hitman-pro-second-opinion-scanner-users-facing-this-issue.56781/
| 0low
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atwurstglöckerl
Linz, Oberösterreich , Österreich
Travelling from
Traditional Austrian cuisine in a unique atmosphere.
Its traditional furnishings and its location in the water forest make it a country inn and its easy access to an inn in the middle of Linz
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eng
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39914b64-a435-4f2e-b4e1-3a213da15b33
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https://www.hornerakusko.sk/en/oesterreich-gastronomie/detail/160045/bratwurstgloeckerl.html
| 4high
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3 Bedroom House in Southbroom
R2 080 000
Lots of space, 3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, open plan lounge/dining room, recreation and family room, study, enclosed porch, pool, built-in-braai and great entertainment area. It also has a lovely spacious wooden granny flat with bedroom, kitchenette and bathroom, ideal for visitors. A big bonus is the 4 garages and 2 carports and it''s on a very large stand. This property is worth having a look at so contact us to arrange to view.
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eng
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5c42f37b-7189-42ae-b42d-52d5239d19ef
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https://www.privateproperty.co.za/for-sale/kwazulu-natal/kzn-south-coast/southbroom-to-san-lameer/southbroom/T322460
| 0low
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Before the Storm
The smell of crops touches your nostrils. Nearby a point where you are standing is a small building. It is not hanging, yet it is high above your head. Dozens of chickens are underneath waiting some crops to fall. Your hand hold on the stair. It is made of dried branches of trees. Without worrying, you find it is strong enough to hold your body. Fewer than the number of your fingers, you can count the steps you take. Looking inside, an abundant number of crops appears to your eyes. The smell is getting closer. You are reaching lumbung.
Time and experiences have taught you, helping you know your nature better. It is apparently the khatulistiwa that lies on your mother earth. You cannot refuse the destiny which regularly send you big amount of rain. Flood could come anytime. Like many other architectures, people have made lumbung structure higher so that stream of water would not putrefy. Also, to avoid morning dew and wet soils. Crops then stay dry and the wind that blows up chase the humidity away.
At least once a year, farmers sow the seeds to the rice field. Under the blessing of mother earth, paddy grows. And you tirelessly work hand in hand. At one time, your neighbors, your villagers come to plough the soil in your rice field. At another time you would come to join others to cultivate one of your neighbors'. Togetherness is daily scenery. As people in Bugis have coined it,
Centuries later, the smell of vehicles smokes in the air. You see lumbung no more. Walking on the street, hundreds of machines are choking the road. It is not paddy nor other crops, but dozens of tall wall and skyscrapers grows on the land. Hundreds of advertisements are sowed. Loneliness and alienation are multiplying themselves in the middle of the crowd. In the invention of city, an invisible border lies. Like octopus, some giants are competing to grab more and more spaces while the rest are struggling for just a small room.
In recalling the spirit of lumbung, the young people come together in the idea of space. Challenging the plot of such life story, they begin with dining room. It is commonly known as a place where people come and join a conversation. As the time moves along, the definition of resource in the spirit of lumbung also grows. It is not necessarily about crops, yet it could manifest itself in the form of both tangible or intangible such as ideas, energy, networks, creativity, and knowledge. It is also about how one collective is connected to another under a shared umbrella.
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eng
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88fe3b8d-d0ad-4b5e-be67-91304e37dbdd
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https://pen.lumbung.space/2022/01/20/before-the-storm/
| 3medium-high
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Amazon
Beauty 101
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How many times have you walked by the Isles of a supermarket or a department store noticing new products. There are some items that instantly grab you attention and you just stop in your strides sometimes not realising that there is someone walking behind you. That person gives a mean angry look and walks by and you're glad that you have the Isle all to yourself to explore that mesmerising thing that caught your eye.
Once to have the product in your hand you start to read through the ingredients. Scan the package for other useful information and how it can enhance your culinary outcome. After you've taken your time, you think "should I pick this up? Then you take a look at the price and thibk again is it worth it? It's not that expensive but is it worth trying. I wonder if anyone I know gas tried it, maybe I'll ask them and then pick it up."
Why let all those dilemmas take up your previous time. Let me help you with your troubles and review some of those new to the market products for you
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eng
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711648cc-8bbe-4bf6-9bee-cfc221f455db
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https://www.komalskorner.com/p/how-many-times-have-you-walked-by-isles.html
| 4high
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