Datasets:

ssktora
/

fever-train-bm25-pyserini

Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions Community

Split (1)

train · 110k rows

query_id stringlengths 1 6	query stringlengths 11 614	positive_passages listlengths 1 24	negative_passages listlengths 30 30
63561	None of lung cancer's symptoms is chest pains.	[ { "docid": "Lung_cancer", "title": "", "text": "Lung cancer , also known as lung carcinoma , is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung . This growth can spread beyond the lung by the process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body . Most cancers that start in the lung , known as primary lung cancers , are carcinomas . The two main types are small-cell lung carcinoma ( SCLC ) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma ( NSCLC ) . The most common symptoms are coughing ( including coughing up blood ) , weight loss , shortness of breath , and chest pains . The vast majority ( 85 % ) of cases of lung cancer are due to long-term tobacco smoking . About 10 -- 15 % of cases occur in people who have never smoked . These cases are often caused by a combination of genetic factors and exposure to radon gas , asbestos , second-hand smoke , or other forms of air pollution . Lung cancer may be seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography ( CT ) scans . The diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy which is usually performed by bronchoscopy or CT-guidance . Avoidance of risk factors , including smoking and air pollution , is the primary method of prevention . Treatment and long-term outcomes depend on the type of cancer , the stage ( degree of spread ) , and the person 's overall health . Most cases are not curable . Common treatments include surgery , chemotherapy , and radiotherapy . NSCLC is sometimes treated with surgery , whereas SCLC usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiotherapy . Worldwide in 2012 , lung cancer occurred in 1.8 million people and resulted in 1.6 million deaths . This makes it the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and second most common in women after breast cancer . The most common age at diagnosis is 70 years . Overall , 17.4 % of people in the United States diagnosed with lung cancer survive five years after the diagnosis , while outcomes on average are worse in the developing world ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Pleurisy", "title": "", "text": "Pleurisy , also known as pleuritis , is inflammation of the membranes ( pleurae ) that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity . This can result in a sharp chest pain with breathing . Occasionally the pain may be a constant dull ache . Other symptoms may include shortness of breath , cough , fever , or weight loss depending on the underlying cause . The most common cause is a viral infection . Other causes include pneumonia , pulmonary embolism , autoimmune disorders , lung cancer , following heart surgery , pancreatitis , chest trauma , and asbestosis . Occasionally the cause remains unknown . The underlying mechanism involves the rubbing together of the pleurae instead of smooth gliding . Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include pericarditis , heart attack , cholecystitis , and pneumothorax . Diagnosis may include a chest X-ray , electrocardiogram ( ECG ) , and blood tests . Treatment depends on the underlying cause . Paracetamol and ibuprofen may be used to help with the pain . Incentive spirometry may be recommended to encourage larger breaths . About one million people are affected in the United States each year . Descriptions of the condition date from at least as early as 400 BC by Hippocrates ." }, { "docid": "Pericarditis", "title": "", "text": "Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium ( the fibrous sac surrounding the heart ) . Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp chest pain . The pain may also be felt in the shoulders , neck , or back . It is typically better sitting up and worse with lying down or breathing deep . Other symptoms may include fever , weakness , palpitations , and shortness of breath . Occasionally onset of symptoms is gradual . The cause of pericarditis is believed to be most often due to a viral infection . Other causes include bacterial infections such as tuberculosis , uremic pericarditis , following a heart attack , cancer , autoimmune disorders , and chest trauma . The cause often remains unknown . Diagnosis is based on the chest pain , a pericardial rub , specific electrocardiogram ( ECG ) changes , and fluid around the heart . Other conditions that may produce similar symptoms include a heart attack . Treatment in most cases is with NSAIDs and possibly colchicine . Steroids may be used if those are not appropriate . Typically symptoms improve in a few days to weeks but can occasionally last months . Complications can include cardiac tamponade , myocarditis , and constrictive pericarditis . It is a less common cause of chest pain . About 3 per 10,000 people are affected per year . Those most commonly affected are males between the ages of 20 and 50 . Up to 30 % of those affected have more than one episode ." }, { "docid": "Mesothelioma", "title": "", "text": "Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs ( known as the mesothelium ) . The most common area affected is the lining of the lungs and chest wall . Less commonly the lining of the abdomen and rarely the sac surrounding the heart , or the sac surrounding the testis may be affected . Signs and symptoms of mesothelioma may include shortness of breath due to fluid around the lung , a swollen abdomen , chest wall pain , cough , feeling tired , and weight loss . These symptoms typically come on slowly . Greater than 80 % of mesothelioma cases are caused by exposure to asbestos . The greater the exposure the greater the risk . As of 2013 about 125 million people have been exposed to asbestos at work . High rates of disease occur in people who mine asbestos , produce products from asbestos , work with asbestos products , live with asbestos workers , or work in buildings containing asbestos . Asbestos exposure and the onset of cancer are generally separated by about 40 years . Washing the clothing of someone who worked with asbestos also increases the risk . Other risk factors include genetics and infection with the simian virus 40 . The diagnosis may be suspected based on chest X-ray and CT scan findings , and is confirmed by either examining fluid produced by the cancer or by a tissue biopsy of the cancer . Prevention centers around reducing exposure to asbestos . Treatment often includes surgery , radiation therapy , and chemotherapy . A procedure known as pleurodesis , which involves using substances such as talc to scar together the pleura , may be used to prevent more fluid from building up around the lungs . Chemotherapy often includes the medications cisplatin and pemetrexed . The percentage of people that survive five years following diagnosis is on average 8 % in the United States . In 2015 about 60,800 people had mesothelioma and 32,000 died from the disease . Rates of mesothelioma vary in different areas of the world . Rates are higher in Australia , the United Kingdom , and lower in Japan . It occurs in about 3,000 people per year in the United States . It occurs more often in males than females . Rates of disease have increased since the 1950s . Diagnosis typically occurs after the age of 65 and most deaths occur around 70 years old . The disease was rare before the commercial use of asbestos ." }, { "docid": "Flail_chest", "title": "", "text": "Flail chest is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall . Two of the symptoms of flail chest are chest pain and shortness of breath . It occurs when multiple adjacent ribs are broken in multiple places , separating a segment , so a part of the chest wall moves independently . The number of ribs that must be broken varies by differing definitions : some sources say at least two adjacent ribs are broken in at least two places , some require three or more ribs in two or more places . The flail segment moves in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest wall : because of the ambient pressure in comparison to the pressure inside the lungs , it goes in while the rest of the chest is moving out , and vice versa . This so-called `` paradoxical breathing '' is painful and increases the work involved in breathing . Flail chest is usually accompanied by a pulmonary contusion , a bruise of the lung tissue that can interfere with blood oxygenation . Often , it is the contusion , not the flail segment , that is the main cause of respiratory problems in people with both injuries . Surgery to fix the fractures appears to result in better outcomes ." }, { "docid": "Community-acquired_pneumonia", "title": "", "text": "Community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP ) refers to pneumonia ( any of several lung diseases ) contracted by a person with little contact with the healthcare system . The chief difference between hospital-acquired pneumonia ( HAP ) and CAP is that patients with HAP live in long-term care facilities or have recently visited a hospital . CAP is common , affecting people of all ages , and its symptoms occur as a result of oxygen-absorbing areas of the lung ( alveoli ) filling with fluid . This inhibits lung function , causing dyspnea , fever , chest pains and cough . CAP , the most common type of pneumonia , is a leading cause of illness and death worldwide . Its causes include bacteria , viruses , fungi and parasites . CAP is diagnosed by assessing symptoms , making a physical examination and on x-ray . Other tests , such as sputum examination , supplement chest x-rays . Patients with CAP sometimes require hospitalization , and it is treated primarily with antibiotics , antipyretics and cough medicine . Some forms of CAP can be prevented by vaccination and by abstaining from tobacco products ." }, { "docid": "Pneumothorax", "title": "", "text": "A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space that causes an uncoupling of the lung from the chest wall . Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp , one sided , chest pain and shortness of breath . In a minority of cases the amount of air in the chest increases when a one-way valve is formed by an area of damaged tissue , leading to a tension pneumothorax . This condition can cause a steadily worsening oxygen shortage and low blood pressure . Unless reversed by effective treatment , it can result in death . Very rarely both lungs may be affected by a pneumothorax . It is often called a collapsed lung , although that term may also refer to atelectasis . A primary pneumothorax is one that occurs without an apparent cause and in the absence of significant lung disease , while a secondary pneumothorax occurs in the presence of existing lung disease . Smoking increases the risk as do lung diseases including COPD , asthma , and tuberculosis . A pneumothorax can also be caused by physical trauma to the chest ( including a blast injury ) , or as a complication of a healthcare intervention ; in which case it is called a traumatic pneumothorax . Diagnosis of a pneumothorax by physical examination alone can be difficult ( particularly in smaller pneumothoraces ) . A chest X-ray , computed tomography ( CT ) scan , or ultrasound is usually used to confirm its presence . Other conditions that can result in similar symptoms include a hemothorax ( buildup of blood in the pleural space ) , pulmonary embolism , and heart attack . A large bullae may look similar on a chest X-ray . A small spontaneous pneumothorax will typically resolve without treatment and requires only monitoring . This approach may be most appropriate in people who have no underlying lung disease . In a larger pneumothorax , or if there is shortness of breath , the air may be removed with a syringe or a chest tube connected to a one-way valve system . Occasionally , surgery may be required if tube drainage is unsuccessful , or as a preventive measure , if there have been repeated episodes . The surgical treatments usually involve pleurodesis ( in which the layers of pleura are induced to stick together ) or pleurectomy ( the surgical removal of pleural membranes ) . About 17 -- 23 cases of pneumothorax occur per 100,000 people per year . They are more common in men than women ." }, { "docid": "Thorax", "title": "", "text": "The thorax or chest ( from the Greek θώραξ thorax `` breastplate , cuirass , corslet '' via thorax ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen . The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall . It contains organs including the heart , lungs , and thymus gland , as well as muscles and various other internal structures . Many diseases may affect the chest , and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain ." }, { "docid": "Pulmonary_embolism", "title": "", "text": "Pulmonary embolism ( PE ) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream ( embolism ) . Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath , chest pain particularly upon breathing in , and coughing up blood . Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present such as a red , warm , swollen , and painful leg . Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels , rapid breathing , rapid heart rate , and sometimes a mild fever . Severe cases can lead to passing out , abnormally low blood pressure , and sudden death . PE usually results from a blood clot in the leg that travels to the lung . The risk of blood clots is increased by cancer , prolonged bed rest , smoking , stroke , certain genetic conditions , estrogen-based medication , pregnancy , obesity , and after some types of surgery . A small proportion of cases are due to the embolization of air , fat , or amniotic fluid . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in combination with test results . If the risk is low a blood test known as a D-dimer will rule out the condition . Otherwise a CT pulmonary angiography , lung ventilation/perfusion scan , or ultrasound of the legs may confirm the diagnosis . Together deep vein thrombosis and PE are known as venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) . Efforts to prevent PE include beginning to move as soon as possible after surgery , lower leg exercises during periods of sitting , and the use of blood thinners after some types of surgery . Treatment is typically with blood thinners such as heparin or warfarin . Often these are recommended for six months or longer . Severe cases may require thrombolysis using medication such as tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , or may require surgery such as a pulmonary thrombectomy . If blood thinners are not appropriate , a vena cava filter may be used . Pulmonary emboli affect about 430,000 people each year in Europe . In the United States between 300,000 and 600,000 cases occur each year , which results in between 50,000 and 200,000 deaths . Rates are similar in males and females . They become more common as people get older ." }, { "docid": "Hypertrophic_osteoarthropathy", "title": "", "text": "Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy ( also known as hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy , Bamberger -- Marie syndrome or Osteoarthropathia hypertrophicans ) is a medical condition combining clubbing and periostitis of the small hand joints , especially the distal interphalangeal joints . Distal expansion of the long bones as well as painful , swollen joints and synovial villous proliferation are often seen . The condition may occur alone ( primary ) , or it may be secondary to diseases like lung cancer . It is especially associated with non-small cell lung carcinoma . These patients often get clubbing and increased bone deposition on long bones . Their presenting symptoms are sometimes only clubbing and painful ankles . Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is one of many distant effect disorders due to cancer , with lung cancer being the most common cause but also occurring with ovarian or adrenal malignancies . A distant effect disorder , or a paraneoplastic syndrome , affects distant areas and thus is not related to local compression or obstruction effects from the tumor . Other paraneoplastic syndromes include hypercalcemia , SIADH , Cushing 's syndrome and a variety of neurological disorders ." }, { "docid": "Lymphatic_disease", "title": "", "text": "Lymphatic disease is a class of disorders which directly affect the components of the lymphatic system . Examples include Castleman 's disease and lymphedema . Diseases and disorder Hodgkin 's Disease/Hodgkin 's Lymphoma This is a type of cancer of the lymphatic system . It can start almost anywhere in the body . It is believed to be caused by HIV , Epstein-Barr Syndrome , age and family history . Symptoms include weight loss , fever , swollen lymph nodes , night sweats , itchy skin , fatigue , chest pain , coughing or trouble swallowing . Non-Hodgkin 's Lymphoma Lymphoma is a usually malignant cancer . It is caused by the body producing too many abnormal white blood cells . It is not the same as Hodgkin 's Disease . Symptoms usually include painless , enlarged lymph node or nodes in the neck , weakness , fever , weight loss , and anemia . Lymphadenitis is an infection of the lymph nodes usually caused by a virus , bacteria or fungi . Symptoms include redness or swelling around the lymph node . Lymphangitis Lymphangitis is an inflammation of the lymph vessels . Symptoms usually include swelling , redness , warmth , pain or red streaking around the affected area . Lymphedema Lymphedema is the chronic pooling of lymph fluid in the tissue . It usually starts in the feet or lower legs . It 's also a side-effect of some surgical procedures . Lymphocytosis Lymphocytosis is a high lymphocyte count . It can be caused by an infection , blood cancer , lymphoma , or autoimmune disorders that are accompanied by chronic swelling ." }, { "docid": "Thoracotomy", "title": "", "text": "A thoracotomy is an incision into the pleural space of the chest . It is performed by surgeons ( or emergency physicians under certain circumstances ) to gain access to the thoracic organs , most commonly the heart , the lungs , or the esophagus , or for access to the thoracic aorta or the anterior spine ( the latter may be necessary to access tumors in the spine ) . A thoracotomy is a major surgical procedure -- it is the first step in many thoracic surgeries including lobectomy or pneumonectomy for lung cancer -- and as such requires general anesthesia with endotracheal tube insertion and mechanical ventilation . Thoracotomies are thought to be one of the most difficult surgical incisions to deal with post-operatively , because they are extremely painful and the pain can prevent the patient from breathing effectively , leading to atelectasis or pneumonia ." }, { "docid": "Chest_pain", "title": "", "text": "Chest pain may be a symptom of a number of serious disorders and is , in general , considered a medical emergency . Even though it may be determined that the pain is noncardiac in origin ( does not come from a heart problem ) , this is often a diagnosis of exclusion made after ruling out more serious causes of the pain . Cardiac ( heart-related ) chest pain is called angina pectoris . Chest pain is a common presenting problem , as the following numbers illustrate : In the US , an estimated 5 million people per year present to the emergency department with chest pain . More than 50 % of people presenting to emergency facilities with unexplained chest pain will have coronary disease ruled out . 1.5 million people are admitted annually for workup of acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) . Approximately 8 billion dollars are used annually to evaluate complaints of chest pain . Children with chest pain account for 0.3 % to 0.6 % of pediatric emergency department visits" }, { "docid": "Sarcoidosis", "title": "", "text": "Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas . The disease usually begins in the lungs , skin , or lymph nodes . Less commonly affected are the eyes , liver , heart , and brain . Any organ , however , can be affected . The signs and symptoms depend on the organ involved . Often there are no , or only mild , symptoms . When it affects the lungs there may be wheezing , cough , shortness of breath , or chest pain . Some may have Löfgren syndrome in which there is fever , large lymph nodes , arthritis , and a rash known as erythema nodosum . The cause of sarcoidosis is unknown . Some believe it may be due to an immune reaction to a trigger such as an infection or chemicals in those who are genetically predisposed . Those with affected family members are at greater risk . Diagnosis is partly based on signs and symptoms , which may be supported by biopsy . Findings that make it likely include large lymph nodes at the root of the lung on both sides , high blood calcium with a normal parathyroid hormone level , or elevated levels of angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) in the blood . The diagnosis should only be made after excluding other possible causes of similar symptoms such as tuberculosis . Many people clear up without any treatment within a few years . However some may have long term or severe disease . Some symptoms may be improved with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen . In cases where the condition causes significant health problems steroids such as prednisone are indicated . Alternatively , medications such as methotrexate , chloroquine , or azathioprine may occasionally be used in an effort to decrease the side effects of steroids . The risk of death is between one and seven percent . There is a less than five percent chance of the disease returning in someone who has had it previously . In 2015 pulmonary sarcoidosis and interstitial lung disease affected 1.9 million people globally and they resulted in 122,000 deaths . It is most common in Scandinavians but occurs in all parts of the world . In the United States risk is greater among black as opposed to white people . It usually begins between the ages of 20 and 50 . It occurs more often in women than men . Sarcoidosis was first described in 1877 by the English doctor Jonathan Hutchinson as a non painful skin disease ." }, { "docid": "Lung_cancer_screening", "title": "", "text": "Lung cancer screening refers to cancer screening strategies used to identify early lung cancers before they cause symptoms , at a point where they are more likely to be curable . Screening studies for lung cancer have only been done in high risk populations , such as smokers and workers with occupational exposure to certain substances . Results from large randomized studies have recently prompted medical authorities to reverse their previous position and now recommend lung cancer screening in select populations . For individuals with high risk of developing lung cancer , computed tomography ( CT ) screening can detect cancer and give a person options to respond to it in a way that prolongs life . This form of screening reduces the chance of death from lung cancer by an absolute amount of 0.3 % ( relative amount of 20 % ) . High risk people are those age 55 -- 74 who have smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years including time within the past 15 years . CT screening is associated with a high rate of falsely positive tests which may result in unneeded treatment . For each true positive scan there are more than 19 falsely positives scans . Other concerns include radiation exposure and the cost of testing along with the follow up of tests . Research has not found two other clinically available tests -- sputum cytology or chest radiograph ( CXR ) screening tests -- to have any benefit . Screening studies for lung cancer have only been done in high risk populations , such as smokers and workers with occupational exposure to certain substances . In the 2010s recommendations by medical authorities are turning in favour of lung cancer screening , which is likely to become more widely available in the advanced economies . In December 2013 the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF ) changed its long-standing recommendation that there is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening for lung cancer to the following : `` The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography in adults ages 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years . These recommendations were used by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ( AHRQ ) to produce patient and clinician resources to support informed decision making for lung cancer screening . Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery '' . Another U.S. guideline recommendation is very similar , but with a cut-off at age 74 . The English National Health Service was in 2014 re-examining the evidence for screening ." }, { "docid": "Video-assisted_thoracoscopic_surgery", "title": "", "text": "Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ( VATS ) is a type of thoracic surgery performed using a small video camera that is introduced into the patient 's chest via a scope . The surgeon is able to view the instruments that are being used along with the anatomy on which the surgeon is operating . The camera and instruments are inserted through separate holes in the chest wall also known as `` ports '' . These small ports are advantageous because the chance for infection and wound dehiscence are drastically reduced . This allows for a faster recovery by the patient and a greater chance for the wound to heal . Traditionally , thoracic surgery performed for diagnosis or treatment of chest conditions has required access to the chest through thoracotomy or sternotomy incisions . Sternotomy requires the use of a sternal saw to divide the sternum and requires spreading of the divided portions of the sternum with a sternal retractor to allow for visualization of the thoracic structures , passage of instruments into the chest , and removal of specimens . Thoracotomy , as most commonly performed , requires division of one or more major muscles of the chest wall including the latissimus dorsi , pectoralis or serratus muscles , along with spreading of the ribs with a rib spreader . Because the joints of the ribs with the vertebral bodies have only limited flexibility , the use of a rib spreader usually results in rib fractures in the process of rendering the interspace between the ribs wide enough to perform diagnostic or therapeutic maneuvers . Because of this , thoracic surgeons generally intentionally remove a section of one or more ribs in an effort to prevent splintered rib fractures associated with the use of a rib spreader . Sternotomy and thoracotomy have been proven over decades to provide highly effective means of access to thoracic structures and in general are tolerated by patients . However , both incisions have the potential for causing significant pain that may last for extended periods and both result in bony fractures that require a minimum of six weeks to heal during which time patients must refrain from heavy lifting or strenuous activity . The great advantage of VATS over sternotomy or thoracotomy is avoidance of muscle division and bone fractures that allows for diminished duration and intensity of pain and a shorter time to return to full activity . VATS came into widespread use beginning in the early 1990s . Operations that traditionally were carried out with thoracotomy or sternotomy that today can be performed with VATS include : biopsy for diagnosis of pulmonary , pleural or mediastinal pathology ; decortication for empyema ; pleurodesis for recurrent pleural effusions or spontaneous pneumothorax ; surgical stapler assisted wedge resection of lung masses ; resection of mediastinal or pleural masses ; thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis ; operations for diaphragmatic hernias or paralysis ; esophageal resection or resection of esophageal masses or diverticula ; and VATS lobectomy/mediastinal lymphadenectomy for lung cancer . The instrumentation for VATS includes the use of a camera-linked 5 mm or 10 mm fiber-optic scope , with or without a 30-degree angle of visualization , and either conventional thoracic instruments or laparoscopic instruments . Unlike with laparoscopy , carbon dioxide insufflation is not generally required with VATS due to the inherent vault-like shape of the thoracic cavity . However , lung deflation on the side of the chest where VATS is being performed is a must to be able to visualize and pass instruments into the thorax ; this is usually effected with a double-lumen endo-tracheal tube that allows for single lung ventilation or a bronchial blocker delivered via a standard single-lumen endotracheal tube . Similarly to laparoscopy , VATS has enjoyed widespread use for technically straightforward operations such as pulmonary decortication , pleurodesis , and lung or pleural biopsies , while more technically demanding operations such as esophageal operations , mediastinal mass resections , or pulmonary lobectomy for early stage lung cancer , have been slower to catch on and have tended to remain confined to selected centers . It is expected that advanced VATS techniques will continue to grow in numbers spurred by patient demand and greater surgeon comfort with the techniques ." }, { "docid": "Pulmonary_contusion", "title": "", "text": "A pulmonary contusion ( or lung contusion ) is a contusion ( bruise ) of the lung , caused by chest trauma . As a result of damage to capillaries , blood and other fluids accumulate in the lung tissue . The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange , potentially leading to inadequate oxygen levels ( hypoxia ) . Unlike pulmonary laceration , another type of lung injury , pulmonary contusion does not involve a cut or tear of the lung tissue . A pulmonary contusion is usually caused directly by blunt trauma but can also result from explosion injuries or a shock wave associated with penetrating trauma . With the use of explosives during World Wars I and II , pulmonary contusion resulting from blasts gained recognition . In the 1960s its occurrence in civilians began to receive wider recognition , in which cases it is usually caused by traffic accidents . The use of seat belts and airbags reduces the risk to vehicle occupants . Diagnosis is made by studying the cause of the injury , physical examination and chest radiography . Typical signs and symptoms include direct effects of the physical trauma , such as chest pain and coughing up blood , as well as signs that the body is not receiving enough oxygen , such as cyanosis . The contusion frequently heals on its own with supportive care . Often nothing more than supplemental oxygen and close monitoring is needed ; however , intensive care may be required . For example , if breathing is severely compromised , mechanical ventilation may be necessary . Fluid replacement may be required to ensure adequate blood volume , but fluids are given carefully since fluid overload can worsen pulmonary edema , which may be lethal . The severity ranges from mild to deadly : small contusions may have little or no impact on the patient 's health , yet pulmonary contusion is the most common type of potentially lethal chest trauma . It occurs in 30 -- 75 % of severe chest injuries . With an estimated mortality rate of 14 -- 40 % , pulmonary contusion plays a key role in determining whether an individual will die or suffer serious ill effects as the result of trauma . Pulmonary contusion is usually accompanied by other injuries . Although associated injuries are often the cause of death , pulmonary contusion is thought to cause death directly in a quarter to half of cases . Children are at especially high risk for the injury because the relative flexibility of their bones prevents the chest wall from absorbing force from an impact , causing it to be transmitted instead to the lung . Pulmonary contusion is associated with complications including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome , and it can cause long-term respiratory disability ." }, { "docid": "Dust_pneumonia", "title": "", "text": "Dust pneumonia describes disorders caused by excessive exposure to dust storms , particularly during the Dust Bowl in the United States . A form of pneumonia , dust pneumonia results when the lungs are filled with dust , inflaming the alveoli . Dust pneumonia was featured in the work of several musicians and artists of the day , such as Woody Guthrie 's song `` Dust Pneumonia Blues '' . Symptoms of dust pneumonia include high fever , chest pain , difficulty in breathing , and coughing . People who had dust pneumonia often died . There are no official death rates published for the Great Plains in the 1930s , but Red Cross volunteers made and distributed thousands of dust masks . The Kansas State Board of Health reported that in April 1935 , 17 people had already died from dust pneumonia . With dust pneumonia , dust settles all the way into the alveoli of the lungs , stopping the cilia from moving and preventing the lungs from ever clearing themselves ." }, { "docid": "Cancer_signs_and_symptoms", "title": "", "text": "Cancer symptoms are changes in the body caused by the presence of cancer . They are usually caused by the effect of a cancer on the part of the body where it is growing , although the disease can cause more general symptoms such as weight loss or tiredness . There are more than 100 different types of cancer with a wide range of different signs and symptoms which can manifest in different ways . Typical symptoms of cancer include : The presence of an unusual lump in the body Changes in a mole on the skin , such as size , color or shape thickness A persistent cough or hoarseness A change in bowel habits , such as unusual diarrhea or constipation Difficulty in swallowing or continuing indigestion Any abnormal bleeding , including bleeding from the vagina , or blood in urine or faeces A persistent sore or ulcer Difficulty passing urine Unexplained weight loss Unexplained pain Unexplained tiredness or fatigue Skin changes such as an unexplained rash or unusual texture Unexplained night sweats Abdominal pain" }, { "docid": "Chemical_pneumonitis", "title": "", "text": "Aspiration pneumonitis or chemical pneumonitis is inflammation of the lung caused by aspirating or inhaling irritants . It is sometimes called a `` chemical pneumonia '' , though it is not infectious . There are two general types of chemical pneumonitis : acute and chronic . Irritants capable of causing chemical pneumonitis include vomitus , barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging , chlorine gas ( among other pulmonary agents ) , ingested gasoline or other petroleum distillates , ingested or skin absorbed pesticides , gases from electroplating , smoke and others . It may also be caused by the use of inhalants . Mendelson 's syndrome is a type of chemical pneumonitis . Mineral oil should not be given internally to young children , pets , or anyone with a cough , hiatus hernia , or nocturnal reflux , because it can cause complications such as lipoid pneumonia . Due to its low density , it is easily aspirated into the lungs , where it can not be removed by the body . In children , if aspirated , the oil can work to prevent normal breathing , resulting in death of brain cells and permanent paralysis and/or retardation . Signs and symptoms of chemical pneumonitis include : Acute : Cough Difficulty Breathing Abnormal lung sounds ( wet , gurgling sounding breaths ) Chest pain , tightness or burning Chronic : Persistent cough Shortness of breath Increased susceptibility to respiratory illness Symptoms of chronic chemical pneumonitis may or may not be present , and can take months or years to develop to the point of noticeability ." }, { "docid": "Palpitations", "title": "", "text": "Palpitations are the perceived abnormality of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest : hard , fast and/or irregular beats . It is both a symptom reported by the patient and a medical diagnosis . Palpitation can be associated with anxiety and does not necessarily indicate a structural or functional abnormality of the heart , but it can be a symptom arising from an objectively rapid or irregular heartbeat . Palpitation can be intermittent and of variable frequency and duration , or continuous . Associated symptoms include dizziness , shortness of breath , sweating , headaches , and chest pain . Palpitation may be associated with coronary heart disease , hyperthyroidism , diseases affecting cardiac muscle such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , diseases causing low blood oxygen such as asthma and emphysema ; previous chest surgery ; kidney disease ; low levels of brain serotonin ; blood loss , and pain ; drugs such as antidepressants , alcohol , nicotine , caffeine , cocaine , and amphetamines ; electrolyte imbalances of magnesium , potassium and calcium ; and deficiencies of nutrients such as taurine , arginine , and iron ." }, { "docid": "Cancer", "title": "", "text": "Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body . Not all tumors are cancerous ; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body . Possible signs and symptoms include a lump , abnormal bleeding , prolonged cough , unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements . While these symptoms may indicate cancer , they may have other causes . Over 100 types of cancers affect humans . Tobacco use is the cause of about 22 % of cancer deaths . Another 10 % is due to obesity , poor diet , lack of physical activity , and excessive drinking of alcohol . Other factors include certain infections , exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants . In the developing world nearly 20 % of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B , hepatitis C and human papillomavirus ( HPV ) . These factors act , at least partly , by changing the genes of a cell . Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops . Approximately 5 -- 10 % of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person 's parents . Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests . It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy . Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking , maintaining a healthy weight , not drinking too much alcohol , eating plenty of vegetables , fruits and whole grains , vaccination against certain infectious diseases , not eating too much processed and red meat , and avoiding too much sunlight exposure . Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer . The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial . Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy , surgery , chemotherapy , and targeted therapy . Pain and symptom management are an important part of care . Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease . The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment . In children under 15 at diagnosis the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80 % . For cancer in the United States the average five-year survival rate is 66 % . In 2015 about 90.5 million people had cancer . About 14.1 million new cases occur a year ( not including skin cancer other than melanoma ) . It caused about 8.8 million deaths ( 15.7 % ) of human deaths . The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer , prostate cancer , colorectal cancer and stomach cancer . In females , the most common types are breast cancer , colorectal cancer , lung cancer and cervical cancer . If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40 % of cases . In children , acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often . In 2012 , about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer . The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries . Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world . The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $ 1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010 ." }, { "docid": "Pink_lady_(medicine)", "title": "", "text": "In medicine , pink lady is a term used for a drug cocktail used to treat gastroesophageal reflux . It usually consists of an antacid and the anaesthetic lidocaine . Some variants contain an anticholinergic . The name of the preparation comes from its colour -- pink . Pink ladies often relieve symptoms for gastro-esophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . However , they are generally believed to be insufficient to diagnose GERD and rule-out other causes of chest pain and/or abdominal pain such as myocardial infarction ( heart attack ) . The pink lady is the defacto term describing xylocaine viscous and a liquid antacid such as Maalox for treating emergency room patients to help determine if the chest pains are either heart or digestive related . Emergency room doctors instruct attending nurses to administer the pink lady , which is actually 10 mL of xylocaine viscous jelly and 20 mL of liquid antacid such as Maalox , or Mylanta , administered orally . Esophageal symptoms may subside indicating that the symptoms could be non-cardiac . If symptoms persist , the attending doctor investigates further for cardiac or other disorders ." }, { "docid": "Neuroblastoma", "title": "", "text": "Neuroblastoma ( NB ) is a type of cancer that forms in certain types of nerve tissue . It most frequently starts from one of the adrenal glands , but can also develop in the neck , chest , abdomen , or spine . Symptoms may include bone pain , a lump in the abdomen , neck , or chest , or a painless bluish lump under the skin . Occasionally neuroblastoma may be due to a mutation inherited from a person 's parents . Environmental factors have not been found to be involved . Diagnosis is based on a tissue biopsy . Occasionally it may be found in a baby by ultrasound during pregnancy . At diagnosis the cancer has usually already spread . The cancer is divided into low , intermediate , and high risk groups based on a child 's age , cancer stage , and what the cancer looks like . Treatment and outcomes depends on the risk group a person is in . Treatments may include observation , surgery , radiation , chemotherapy , or stem cell transplantation . Low-risk disease in babies typically has a good outcome with surgery or simply observation . In high-risk disease chances of long term survival , however , are less than 40 % despite aggressive treatment . Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in babies and the third most common cancer in children after leukemia and brain cancer . About 1 in every 7,000 children is affected at some point in time . About 90 % of cases occur in children less than 5 years old and it is rare in adults . Of cancer deaths in children about 15 % are due to neuroblastoma . The disease was first described in the 1800s ." }, { "docid": "Pneumonia", "title": "", "text": "Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli . Typical signs and symptoms include a varying severity and combination of productive or dry cough , chest pain , fever , and trouble breathing , depending on the underlying cause . Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms , certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases . Risk factors include other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis , COPD , and asthma , diabetes , heart failure , a history of smoking , a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke , or a weak immune system . Diagnosis is often based on the symptoms and physical examination . Chest X-ray , blood tests , and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis . The disease may be classified by where it was acquired with community , hospital , or health care associated pneumonia . Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available . Other methods of prevention include handwashing and not smoking . Treatment depends on the underlying cause . Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics . If the pneumonia is severe , the affected person is generally hospitalized . Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low . Pneumonia affects approximately 450 million people globally ( 7 % of the population ) and results in about 4 million deaths per year . Pneumonia was regarded by William Osler in the 19th century as `` the captain of the men of death '' . With the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines in the 20th century , survival improved . Nevertheless , in developing countries , and among the very old , the very young , and the chronically ill , pneumonia remains a leading cause of death . Pneumonia often shortens suffering among those already close to death and has thus been called `` the old man 's friend '' ." }, { "docid": "Non-Hodgkin_lymphoma", "title": "", "text": "Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL ) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin 's lymphomas . Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes , fever , night sweats , weight loss , and tiredness . Other symptoms may include bone pain , chest pain , or itchiness . Some forms are slow growing while others are fast growing . Lymphomas are types of cancer that develops from lymphocytes , a type of white blood cell . Risk factors include poor immune function , autoimmune diseases , Helicobacter pylori infection , hepatitis C , obesity , and Epstein-Barr virus infection . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) classifies lymphomas into five major groups , including one for Hodgkin 's lymphoma . Within the four groups for NHL there are over 60 specific types of lymphoma . Diagnosis is by examination of a bone marrow or lymph node biopsy . Medical imaging is done to help with cancer staging . Treatment depends on if the lymphoma is slow or fast growing and if it is in one area or many areas . Treatments may include chemotherapy , radiation , immunotherapy , targeted therapy , stem cell transplantation , surgery , or watchful waiting . If the blood becomes overly thick due to antibodies , plasmapheresis may be used . Radiation and some chemotherapy , however , increase the risk of other cancers , heart disease or nerve problems over the subsequent decades . In 2015 about 4.3 million people had non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 231,400 died . In the United States 2.1 % of people are affected at some point in their life . The most common age of diagnosis is between 65 to 75 years old . The percentage of people who survive five years in the United States is 71 % ." }, { "docid": "Bleomycin", "title": "", "text": "Bleomycin is a medication used to treat cancer . This includes Hodgkin 's lymphoma , non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma , testicular cancer , ovarian cancer , and cervical cancer among others . Typically used with other cancer medications , it can be given intravenously , by injection into a muscle or under the skin . It may also be administered inside the chest to help prevent the recurrence of a fluid around the lung due to cancer ; however talc is better for this . Common side effects include fever , weight loss , vomiting , and rash . A severe type of anaphylaxis may occur . It may also cause inflammation of the lungs that can result in lung scarring . Chest X-rays every couple of weeks are recommended to check for this . Bleomycin may cause harm to the baby if used during pregnancy . It is believed to primarily work by preventing the making of DNA . Bleomycin was discovered in 1962 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . It is available as a generic medication . The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 14 USD and 78 USD a dose . It is made by the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus ." }, { "docid": "Precordial_catch_syndrome", "title": "", "text": "Precordial catch syndrome ( PCS ) is a non-serious condition affecting the left side of the anterior wall of the chest . It is characterized by sharp chest pains , and usually affects children and adolescents , although it can occur , though less frequently , in adults . PCS manifests as a very intense , sharp pain , typically at the left side of the chest , generally in the cartilage between the bones of the sternum and rib cage , which is worse when taking breaths , or doing physical activity . The symptoms of PCS are often described as a `` bubble in the chest '' sometimes associated with the feeling of a `` bubble popping '' or cracking sensation which usually resolves the pain . Patients often think that they are having a heart attack which can lead to panic . This pain typically lasts from a few seconds to a few minutes although , in some cases , it can persist for up to 30 minutes . The frequency of episodes varies between patients , sometimes occurring daily with multiple episodes each day , or on a less frequent basis with weeks , months , or even years between episodes . On rare occasions , breathing in or out suddenly will cause a small `` bubble '' popping or cracking sensation in the chest , which results in the pain going away . In most cases the pain is resolved quickly and completely , and pain medication are not required . There is no known treatment or cure for PCS ." }, { "docid": "Roy_Castle_Lung_Cancer_Foundation", "title": "", "text": "Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation is a registered charity in the United Kingdom which aims to provide help and hope to people affected by lung cancer . Founded in Liverpool in 1990 , it is the only UK charity to focus solely on lung cancer care . The charity has a dual focus - saving lives and supporting people affected by lung cancer . It funds lung cancer research , supports the prevention of lung cancer by encouraging and helping people to avoid or quit smoking , and raises general awareness of lung cancer and its symptoms . It also supports lung cancer patients by running support groups , providing information to the NHS , and other measures . The organisation was founded as the Lung Cancer Fund in 1990 by Professor Ray Donnelly , a thoracic surgeon working in Liverpool , where it provided the first lung cancer support nurse in 1991 . In 1993 Donnelly proposed the creation of an international centre for lung cancer research . At this time UK entertainer Roy Castle had been diagnosed with lung cancer , and he agreed to raise # 12 million to build , equip and run the new centre . The Lung Cancer Fund was therefore renamed Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation . Castle continued fundraising for the charity until his death in September 1994 . The charity has since expanded its operations to include a retail wing operating shops in the Merseyside area . It has funded numerous research projects across UK universities , and provides a research fellowship at the University of Nottingham . In 2011 it raised a total of # 2.3 million towards lung cancer prevention and care . The charity 's celebrity supporters include Sir Alex Ferguson , Ricky Gervais , Melanie Chisholm , Duncan Bannatyne , Lynda Bellingham , Tricia Penrose , Jenny Frost , Pete Reed , Katherine Grainger , Robert Peston , Robert Powell , Billy Bragg , and Tony Parsons ." }, { "docid": "Heartburn", "title": "", "text": "Heartburn , also known as acid indigestion , is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen . The pain often rises in the chest and may radiate to the neck , throat , or angle of the jaw . Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid ( gastric reflux ) into the esophagus and is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . In about 0.6 % of cases it is a symptom of ischemic heart disease ." }, { "docid": "Bronchiectasis", "title": "", "text": "Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung . Symptoms typically include a chronic cough productive of mucus . Other symptoms include shortness of breath , coughing up blood , and chest pain . Wheezing and nail clubbing may also occur . Those with the disease often get frequent lung infections . Bronchiectasis may result from a number of infective and acquired causes , including pneumonia , tuberculosis , immune system problems , and cystic fibrosis . Cystic fibrosis eventually results in severe bronchiectasis in nearly all cases . The cause in 10-50 % of those without cystic fibrosis is unknown . The mechanism of disease is breakdown of the airways due to an excessive inflammatory response . Involved airways ( bronchi ) become enlarged and thus less able to clear secretions . These secretions increase the amount of bacteria in the lungs , result in airway blockage and further breakdown of the airways . It is classified as an obstructive lung disease , along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma . The diagnosis is suspected based on a person 's symptoms and confirmed using computed tomography . Cultures of the mucus produced may be useful to determine treatment in those who have acute worsening and at least once a year . Worsening may occur due to infection and in these cases antibiotics are recommended . Typical antibiotics used include amoxicillin , erythromycin , or doxycycline . Antibiotics may also be used to prevent worsening of disease . Airway clearance techniques , a type of physical therapy , are recommended . Medications to dilate the airways may be useful in some but the evidence is not very good . The use of inhaled steroids has not been found to be useful . Surgery , while commonly done , has not been well studied . Lung transplantation may be an option in those with very severe disease . While the disease may cause significant health problems most people with the disease do well . The disease affects between 1 per 1000 to 1 per 250,000 adults . The disease is more common in women and increases as people age . It became less common since the 1950s with the introduction of antibiotics . It is more common among certain ethnic groups such as indigenous people . It was first described by Rene Laennec in 1819 . The economic costs in the United States are estimated at $ 630 million per year ." } ]
144711	Iran has 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.	[ { "docid": "Iran", "title": "", "text": "Iran ( ɪ , also ɪ ) , formerly known as Persia , is a sovereign state in Western Asia . It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia , the de facto Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan ; to the north by the Caspian Sea ; to the northeast by Turkmenistan ; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan ; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman ; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Comprising a land area of 1648195 km2 , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world . Officially with 79.93 million inhabitants ( Nov 2016 ) , Iran is the world 's 18th-most-populous country . It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline . The country 's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , make it of great geostrategic importance . Iran has diverse landscapes and geographical conditions . Tehran is the country 's capital and largest city , as well as its leading economic and cultural center . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the 4th millennium BC . The area was first unified and dominated by the Iranian Medes in the 7th century BC . Iran reached its greatest extent during the Achaemenid Empire ( First Persian Empire ) founded by Cyrus the Great in 6th century BC , the largest empire the world had yet seen , stretching from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley . Persia fell to Alexander the Great in 4th century BC , but reemerged shortly after as the Parthian Empire . Under the Sassanians , Persia became a leading world power for the next four centuries . In 7th century AD , Arabs conquered Persia and largely displaced the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with the new religion of Islam . Iranians became major contributors to the Islamic Golden Age that followed , producing many influential scientists , scholars , artists and thinkers . After two centuries , a period of various Iranian dynasties began , although these dynasties were later conquered by Turks and then the Mongols . An Iranian national identity was always reasserted however , developing a distinct cultural entity . The rise of the Safavids in 15th century led to the establishment of Twelver Shia Islam as the official religion , marking a turning point in Muslim history . In the 18th century , Iran arguably possessed briefly the most powerful military at the time under Nader Shah . Conflicts with the Russian Empire in 19th century led to significant territorial losses . Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution , which established a constitutional monarchy and the country 's first legislative body , the Majles . Following a coup d'état instigated by the UK and the US in 1953 , Iran gradually became closely aligned with the West and grew increasingly autocratic . Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic , a political system which combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with a theocracy governed by Islamic jurists under the concept of a `` Supreme Leadership '' . According to international observers , the current Iranian government is oppressive , with human rights abuses commonplace . A multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups , most inhabitants of Iran are Shia Muslims and Persian is the official language . The largest ethnic groups in Iran are the Persians , Azeris , Kurds and Lurs . Iran is a founding member of the UN , ECO , NAM , OIC , and OPEC . Iran is a major regional and middle power , and its large reserves of fossil fuels -- which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves -- exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy . Iran 's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites , the third-largest number in Asia and 11th-largest in the world ." } ]	[ { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Western_Asia", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated 82 World Heritage Sites in 18 countries ( also called `` state parties '' ) of Western Asia : Armenia , Azerbaijan , Bahrain , Cyprus , Georgia , Iran , Iraq , Israel , Jordan , Lebanon , Oman , Palestine , Saudi Arabia , Syria , Turkey , United Arab Emirates , Qatar and Yemen . While Egypt is partially in Western Asia , it 's World Heritage Sites are listed under Africa instead . One site is located in Jerusalem.Site proposed by Jordan . UNESCO has stated that `` In line with relevant UN resolutions , East Jerusalem remains part of the occupied Palestinian territory , and the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians . '' Kuwait is the only country in the region that does not have any World Heritage Sites . Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was designated as a World Heritage Site of Oman in 1994 but was delisted in 2007 . As the protected area was reduced by 90 % as a result of Oman 's decision , UNESCO delisted the site . In this region , Iran is home to the most inscribed sites with 21 sites . The first sites to be recognized by UNESCO from the region were Persepolis , Meidan Emam , Esfahan , Tchogha Zanbil ( Iran ) and the Ancient City of Damascus ( Syria ) . Each year , UNESCO 's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list , or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites , '' represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Western Asia , there are 67 cultural , 1 natural , and 3 mixed sites . The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered , citing `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' Seven sites in this region are currently listed as endangered , one site ( Bahla Fort ) has been listed previously and possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of other cases ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Iran", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . Iran accepted the convention on 26 February 1975 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . As of 2016 , twenty-one sites in Iran are included The first three sites in Iran , Meidan Emam , Esfahan , Persepolis and Tchogha Zanbil , were inscribed on the list at the 3rd Session of the World Heritage Committee , held in Paris , France in 1979 . They remained the Islamic Republic 's only listed properties until 2003 , when Takht-e Soleyman was added to the list . The latest additions were The Persian Qanat and Lut Desert , both inscribed in 2016 , the latter being Iran 's first site selected for its natural significance . In addition to its inscribed sites , Iran also lists forty-one properties on its tentative list ." }, { "docid": "World_Heritage_Site", "title": "", "text": "A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area which has been officially recognized by the United Nations , specifically by the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) . Sites are selected on the basis of having cultural , historical , scientific or some other form of significance , and they are legally protected by international treaties . UNESCO regards these sites as being important to the collective interests of humanity . More specifically , a World Heritage Site is an already classified landmark , which by way of being unique in some respect as a geographically and historically identifiable piece is of special cultural or physical significance ( such as either due to hosting an ancient ruins or some historical structure , building , city , complex , desert , forest , island , lake , monument , or mountain ) and symbolizes a remarkable footprint of extreme human endeavour often coupled with some act of indisputable accomplishment of humanity which then serves as a surviving evidence of its intellectual existence on the planet . With the intent of its practical conservation for posterity , which otherwise could be subject to risk from human or animal trespassing , owing to unmonitored/uncontrolled/unrestricted access or threat owing to local administrative negligence , sites are listed and demarcated by UNESCO to have been identified or recognised as a protected zone . The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee , composed of 21 UNESCO member states which are elected by the UN General Assembly . The programme catalogues , names , and conserves sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common culture and heritage of humanity . Under certain conditions , listed sites can obtain funds from the World Heritage Fund . The program was founded with the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World 's Cultural and Natural Heritage , which was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972 . Since then , 193 state parties have ratified the convention , making it one of the most adhered to international instruments and the normative cultural instrument with the highest number of ratifications . As of May 2017 , 1052 sites are listed : 814 cultural , 203 natural , and 35 mixed properties , in 165 states . According to the sites ranked by country , Italy is home to the greatest number of World Heritage Sites with 51 sites , followed by China ( 50 ) , Spain ( 45 ) , France ( 42 ) , Germany ( 41 ) , India ( 35 ) , Mexico ( 34 ) and United Kingdom and British Overseas Territories ( 30 ) ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malaysia", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated four World Heritage Sites in Malaysia . The UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Thailand", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated five World Heritage Sites in the Thailand . The UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Tanzania", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . Tanzania ratified the convention on 2 August 1977 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . Tanzania has 7 UNESCO world heritage sites and two of them are placed on the world heritage sites in danger ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Singapore", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated one World Heritage Site in Singapore : Singapore Botanical Gardens . The UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger", "title": "", "text": "The List of World Heritage in Danger is compiled by the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) through the World Heritage Committee according to Article 11.4 of the World Heritage Convention , Full title : Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage which was established in 1972 to designate and manage World Heritage Sites . Entries in the list are threatened World Heritage Sites for the conservation of which major operations are required and for which `` assistance has been requested '' . The list is intended to increase international awareness of the threats and to encourage counteractive measures . Threats to a site can be either proven imminent threats or potential dangers that could have adverse effects on a site . In the case of natural sites , ascertained dangers include the serious decline in the population of an endangered or other valuable species or the deterioration of natural beauty or scientific value of a property caused by human activities such as logging , pollution , settlement , mining , agriculture and major public works . Ascertained dangers for cultural properties include serious deterioration of materials , structure , ornaments or architectural coherence and the loss of historical authenticity or cultural significance . Potential dangers for both cultural and natural sites include development projects , armed conflicts , insufficient management systems or changes in the legal protective status of the properties . In the case of cultural sites , gradual changes due to geology , climate or environment can also be potential dangers . Before a property is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger , its condition is assessed and a potential programme for corrective measures is developed in cooperation with the State Party involved . The final decision about inscription is made by the committee . Financial support from the World Heritage Fund may be allocated by the committee for listed properties . The state of conservation is reviewed on a yearly basis , after which the committee may request additional measures , delete the property from the list if the threats have ceased or consider deletion from both the List of World Heritage in Danger and the World Heritage List . Of the two Former UNESCO World Heritage Sites , the Dresden Elbe Valley was delisted after placement on the List of World Heritage in Danger while the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was directly delisted . As of 2016 , there are 55 entries ( 18 natural , 38 cultural ) on the List of World Heritage in Danger . Some sites have been designated as World Heritage Sites and World Heritage in Danger in the same year , such as the Church of the Nativity , traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Jesus . Arranged by the UNESCO regions 21 of the listed sites are located in the Arab States ( of which 7 are located in Syria and 5 in Libya ) , 17 in Africa ( of which 5 are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ) , 7 in Latin America and the Caribbean , 6 in Asia and the Pacific , and 4 in Europe and North America ( all by 2016 ) . Includes two sites in Georgia The majority of the endangered natural sites ( 13 ) are located in Africa . In some cases , danger listing has sparked conservation efforts and prompted the release of funds , resulting in a positive development for sites such as the Galápagos Islands and Yellowstone National Park , both of which have subsequently been removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger . Despite this , the list itself and UNESCO 's implementation of it have been the focus of criticism . In particular , States Parties and other stakeholders of World Heritage Sites have questioned the authority of the Committee to declare a site in danger without their consent . Until 1992 , when UNESCO set a precedent by placing several sites on the danger list against their wishes , States Parties would have submitted a programme of corrective measures before a site could be listed . Instead of being used as intended , the List of World Heritage in Danger is perceived by some states as a black list and according to Christina Cameron , Professor at the School of Architecture , Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage , University of Montreal , has been used as political tool to get the attention of States Parties . The International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) notes that UNESCO has referenced the List of World Heritage in Danger ( without actually listing the site ) in a number of cases where the threat could be easily addressed by the State Party . The Union also argues that keeping a site listed as endangered over a long period is questionable and that other mechanisms for conservation should be sought in these cases ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated six World Heritage Sites in the Philippines . The UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention . The Philippines , following its ratification of the convention on Thursday , September 19 , 1985 , made its historical and natural sites eligible for inclusion on the list . The Philippines had its first sites included in 1993 , and since 2014 , has six sites on the list spanning nine locations . Of those six sites , three are cultural and three natural . In 2015 , the 28 sites in the ` Tentative List ' were revised . Currently , the Tentative List for possible nomination in the future contains nineteen submissions . The Philippine National Government , the National Museum of the Philippines , the University of Santo Tomas , the UNESCO Commission of the Philippines and other concerned parties encourage more historic churches , municipal and city governments , provincial governments , national parks , and private entities to submit their nominations of sites that they have jurisdiction of to UNESCO to revitalize heritage conservation in the country and to internationalize the importance of heritage conservation in the Philippines , which is seen to be the greatest frontier of westernized Asian nations in a hastily industrializing Asia . __ TOC __" }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_India", "title": "", "text": "There are 35 ( 27 cultural , 7 natural and 1 mixed ) World Heritage Sites in India that are recognised by the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) as of July 2016 . These are places of importance of cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . The Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted on 17 November 1972 following the General Conference of the UNESCO held from 17 October 1972 to 21 November 1972 . India 's first two sites inscribed on the list at the Seventh Session of the World Heritage held in 1983 were the Agra Fort and the Ajanta Caves . A tentative list of further sites/properties submitted by India for recognition includes 44 sites . The cultural sites in India are marked by their brilliant craftsmanship on stone . Most of the temples of India which are inscribed on this list are built in stone , without any mortar and with sculpture carved on it . Three new sites -- `` Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara ( Nalanda University ) '' at Nalanda , Bihar , `` Capitol Building Complex -- The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier '' in Chandigarh and `` Khangchendzonga National Park , Sikkim '' have been added to the list in July , 2016 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Northern_and_Central_Asia", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated 19 World Heritage Sites in six countries ( also called `` state parties '' ) of Central and North Asia : Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan and the Asian part of Russia . The European part of Russia is included in Eastern Europe . Russia is home to the most inscribed sites with 7 sites , one of which is a transborder property shared with Mongolia in Eastern Asia . The first site from the region was the Itchan Kala in Uzbekistan inscribed in 1990 . Each year , UNESCO 's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list , or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites , '' represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Northern and Central Asia , there are 11 cultural , 8 natural , and no mixed sites . All of the Russian sites ( 7 ) are natural and with the exception of Sayarka , all of the sites in Central Asia are cultural . The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered , citing `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' None of the sites in this region has ever been listed as endangered , but possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of cases ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . Spain accepted the convention on May 4 , 1982 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . Sites in Spain were first inscribed on the list at the 8th Session of the World Heritage Committee , held in Buenos Aires , Argentina in 1984 . At that session , five sites were added : the `` The Mosque of Córdoba '' ; `` The Alhambra and the Generalife , Granada '' ; `` Burgos Cathedral '' ; `` Monastery and Site of the Escorial , Madrid '' ; and `` Park Güell , Palau Güell and Casa Milà , in Barcelona '' . Five sites were added in 1985 , and another four in 1986 . Apart from 1984 , 1985 , and 1986 ( Spain 's first three years as a member ) , 2000 saw the most new sites inscribed , with five that year . As of June 2016 , Spain has 45 total sites inscribed on the list , third only to China ( 50 ) and Italy ( 51 ) . Of these 45 sites , 40 are cultural , 3 are natural , and 2 are mixed ( meeting both cultural and natural criteria ) , as determined by the organization 's selection criteria . The Pirineos - Monte Perdido World Heritage Site is shared with France , while the Prehistoric Rock-Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde site is shared with Portugal . Besides that , Almadén is inscribed alongside Idrija in Slovenia . Of the 17 autonomous communities of Spain , Castile and León has the most sites , with six exclusive and two shared sites . Additionally , Spain has established an agreement with UNESCO known as the Spanish Funds-in-Trust . The agreement was signed on April 18 , 2002 between Francisco Villar , Spanish Ambassador and Permanent Delegate to UNESCO , and the Director-General of UNESCO , Kōichirō Matsuura . The fund provides $ 600,000 annually to a chosen program . Programs include helping other member states , particularly in Latin America , with projects such as nominations processes and assessing tentative sites . Spain served as the chair of the World Heritage Committee in 2008 and 2009 , and in 2009 hosted the 33rd Session of the Committee in Seville , Andalusia ." }, { "docid": "Silk_Road_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites", "title": "", "text": "The Silk Road UNESCO World Heritage Sites are sections of the ancient Silk Road and historical sites along route that have been designated by the UNESCO as World Heritage Sites . On June 22 , 2014 , UNESCO designated 5,000 km stretch of the Silk Road network from Central China to the Zhetsyu Region of Central Asia as a new World Heritage Site called Silk Roads : the Routes Network of Chang ` an-Tianshan Corridor The corridor spans China , Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and includes 33 new sites and several previously designated heritage sites . UNESCO expects additional Silk Road corridors to be added in the following years ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Moldova", "title": "", "text": "The list of World Heritage Sites in Moldova includes the Republic of Moldova 's properties on the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage List or on the country 's Tentative List . A Tentative List is an inventory of those properties which each State Party to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention intends to consider for World Heritage nomination . The UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural , natural or mixed heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . The Republic of Moldova ratified the convention on 23 September 2002 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . The first site in the Republic of Moldova to be inscribed on the World Heritage List was the Rudi Geodetic Point ( Punctul Geodezic Rudi ) of the Struve Geodetic Arc ( Romanian : Arcul geodezic Struve ) in 2005 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Southern_Asia", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated 58 World Heritage Sites in six countries ( also called `` state parties '' ) of Southern Asia : Afghanistan , Pakistan , India , Nepal , Sri Lanka and Bangladesh . Bhutan and Maldives , which are also located within the region , do not have any World Heritage Sites . In this region , India is home to the most inscribed sites ( sixth globaly ) with 35 sites . Besides India , the first sites from the Country Nepal were the Sagarmatha National Park and Kathmandu Valley . Nepal has a total of four sites . Sri Lanka has eight sites and Bangladesh has three sites . Pakistan has six sites . Two sites are located in Afghanistan , both of which are enlisted as endangered . Each year , UNESCO 's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites , '' represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Southern Asia , there are 45 cultural , 12 natural , and 1 mixed site . The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered , citing `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' Two sites in this region are currently listed as endangered ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of humanity . The programme was founded with the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage which was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972 in Paris . Pakistan ratified the convention on 23 July 1976 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . Since then , UNESCO has designated six sites in Pakistan as World Heritage Sites and eighteen sites are on the tentative list . The first sites to be inducted in the list were Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro , Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and Neighbouring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol , and Taxila , all three of which were inscribed as places of cultural significance in 1980 . In 1981 two other sites , Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore and Historical Monuments at Makli , were inscribed . The last site to be designated as a World Heritage Site was Rohtas Fort in 1997 . All the six inscribed and eighteen tentative sites are listed under the cultural category ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Indonesia", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated 8 World Heritage Sites in Indonesia . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites , '' represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Indonesia , there are 4 cultural , 4 natural , and no mixed sites . The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered , citing `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra . A number of organizations have been pushing the Ministry of Culture to nominate more sites for UNESCO inclusion since 2015 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Syria", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . The Syrian Arab Republic accepted the convention on 13 August 1975 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . As of 2016 , six sites in Syria are included . The first site in Syria , Ancient City of Damascus , was inscribed on the list at the 3rd Session of the World Heritage Committee , held in Paris , France in 1979 . Ancient City of Bosra and Site of Palmyra were inscribed the following year as the second and the third site , while Ancient City of Aleppo was added in 1986 . Crac des Chevaliers and Qal ` at Salah El-Din were added collectively to the list in 2006 , followed by Ancient Villages of Northern Syria in 2011 . All six of Syria 's properties have been placed on UNESCO 's List of World Heritage in Danger since 2013 , as their integrity has been to varied degrees compromised following the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War ; Aleppo in particular has suffered extensive damage , while a number of prominent structures in Palmyra have been destroyed ." }, { "docid": "Former_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites", "title": "", "text": "The designation of World Heritage Site is a highly prestigious affair . Such a designation bestows not only honor but also has economic implications as it enhances tourism . World Heritage sites may lose their designation when the UNESCO World Heritage Committee determines that the designated site is not properly managed or protected . First , however , the committee would place a site it is concerned about on its list of World Heritage in Danger of losing their designation and attempt to negotiate with the local authorities to remedy the situation . If remediation fails , the committee then revokes its designation . Two sites have been delisted by the committee : the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary in Oman and the Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_the_British_Overseas_Territories", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . There are 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories . The UNESCO list contains one designated site in both England and Scotland ( the Frontiers of the Roman Empire ) plus sixteen exclusively in England , five in Scotland , three in Wales , one in Northern Ireland , and one in each of the overseas territories of Bermuda , Gibraltar , the Pitcairn Islands , and Saint Helena . The first sites in the UK to be inscribed on the World Heritage List were Giant 's Causeway and Causeway Coast ; Durham Castle and Cathedral ; Ironbridge Gorge ; Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey ; Stonehenge , Avebury and Associated Sites ; and the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd in 1986 . The latest site to be inscribed was the Gorham 's Cave complex in Gibraltar in July 2016 . The constitution of the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( commonly referred to as UNESCO ) was ratified in 1946 by 26 countries , including the UK . Its purpose was to provide for the `` conservation and protection of the world 's inheritance of books , works of art and monuments of history and science '' . The UK contributes # 130,000 annually to the World Heritage Fund which finances the preservation of sites in developing countries . Some designated properties contain multiple sites that share a common geographical location or cultural heritage . The United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO advises the British government , which is responsible for maintaining its World Heritage Sites , on policies regarding UNESCO . In 2008 , Andy Burnham -- then Minister for Culture , Media , and Sport -- voiced concerns over the worth of the designation of sites in the UK as World Heritage Sites and called for a review of the government 's policy of putting forward new sites ; this was partly due to rising costs and lower-than-expected income from visitors , few of which were aware of the World Heritage Site status of the sites they visited . World Heritage Site selection criteria i -- vi are culturally related , and selection criteria vii -- x are the natural criteria . Twenty-three properties are designated as `` cultural '' , four as `` natural '' , and one as `` mixed '' . A mixed site is one that falls under both natural and cultural criteria . The breakdown of sites by type was similar to the overall proportions ; of the 890 sites on the World Heritage List , 77.4 % are cultural , 19.8 % are natural , and 2.8 % are mixed . St Kilda is the only mixed World Heritage Site in the UK . Originally preserved for its natural habitats alone , in 2005 the site was expanded to include the crofting community that once inhabited the archipelago ; the site became one of only 25 mixed sites worldwide . The natural sites are the Dorset and East Devon Coast ; Giant 's Causeway and Causeway Coast ; Gough and Inaccessible Islands ; and Henderson Island . The rest are cultural . In 2012 , the World Heritage Committee added Liverpool -- Maritime Mercantile City to the List of World Heritage in Danger citing threats to the site 's integrity from planned urban development projects ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . Italy ratified the convention on June 23 , 1978 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . As of 2016 , Italy has a total of 51 inscribed properties , making it the state party with the most World Heritage Sites , followed by China with 50 . Sites in Italy were first inscribed on the list at the 3rd Session of the World Heritage Committee , held in Cairo and Luxor , Egypt in 1979 . At that session , one site was added : the `` Rock Drawings in Valcamonica '' . A total of 25 ( approximately half ) , of all Italian sites were added during the 1990s with 10 sites added at the 21st session held in Naples , Italy in 1997 . Out of Italy 's 51 heritage sites , four are shared with other countries : `` Monte San Giorgio '' and `` Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes '' with Switzerland ; `` Historic Centre of Rome '' with the Vatican ; and `` Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps '' with Austria , France , Germany , Slovenia and Switzerland . Four World Heritage Sites in Italy are of the natural type , all others are cultural sites ( 47 ) . Therefore , Italy has the largest number of world `` cultural '' heritage sites followed by Spain with 39 cultural sites ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Northern_Europe", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated 36 World Heritage Sites in eight countries ( also called `` state parties '' ) commonly referred to as Northern Europe : Iceland , Norway , Sweden , Finland , Denmark , Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania , i.e. a combination of Nordic and Baltic countries . Greenland lying on the North American continent is not included in this list despite of its political ties with Denmark ; it is included in the List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas . The United Kingdom and Ireland are included in Western Europe even though they are sometimes listed in Northern Europe . Sweden is home to the most inscribed sites with 15 sites , two of which are transborder properties . Three sites are shared between several countries : the Curonian Spit ( Lithuania and Russia ) , the High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago ( Sweden and Finland ) and the Struve Geodetic Arc ( ten countries in Northern and Eastern Europe ) . The first sites from the region were inscribed in 1979 , when the Urnes Stave Church and Bryggen , both in Norway were chosen a year after the list 's conception . Each year , UNESCO 's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list , or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites , '' represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Northern Europe , there are 32 cultural , 3 natural , and 1 mixed sites . The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered , citing `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' None of the sites in Northern Europe has ever been listed as endangered , though possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of cases ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Iraq", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . Iraq accepted the convention on 5 March 1974 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list ; as of 2016 , five sites in Iraq are included . The first site in Iraq , Hatra , was inscribed on the list at the 9th Session of the World Heritage Committee , held in Paris , France in 1985 . Ashur ( Qal ` at Sherqat ) was inscribed in 2003 as the second site , followed by Samarra Archaeological City in 2007 . Erbil Citadel and The Ahwar of Southern Iraq were added to the list in 2014 and 2016 , respectively , the latter being Iraq 's first mixed property . As of , three of the five properties are placed on UNESCO 's List of World Heritage in Danger . Ashur ( Qal ` at Sherqat ) was added to the list in 2003 , the same year it was inscribed as a World Heritage Site , due to concerns that a dam project might partially flood the site ; while the project has since been put on hold , the site remains on the list as a result of the lack of protection . Similarly , Samarra Archaeological City was put on the list simultaneously with its World Heritage Site inscription in 2007 , as authorities have been unable to adequately manage and conserve the site since the outbreak of the Iraq War . Hatra was inscribed on the list in 2015 due to its reported extensive destruction by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . Bosnia and Herzegovina , following its status success at the convention on Monday , July 12 , 1993 , made its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . Bosnia and Herzegovina had its first sites included in 2005 , and since then , has 3 sites on the list . Below is the list and the tentative list of sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina . ( For the criteria see the Selection criteria )" }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Ethiopia", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . Ethiopia ratified the convention as one of the first countries on July 6 , 1977 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . Sites in Ethiopia were first inscribed on the list at the 2nd Session of the World Heritage Committee , held in Washington , D.C. in 1978 . At that session , two sites were added : the Rock-Hewn Churches , Lalibela and Simien National Park . As of July 2014 , Ethiopia has nine total sites inscribed on the list . Of these , one site , Simien National Park , is of natural type , and the others are cultural sites ." }, { "docid": "Armenian_Monastic_Ensembles_of_Iran", "title": "", "text": "The Armenian Monastic Ensembles of Iran , located in the West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan provinces in Iran , is an ensemble of three Armenian churches that were established during the period between the 7th and 14th centuries A.D. . The edifices -- the St. Thaddeus Monastery , the Saint Stepanos Monastery , and the Chapel of Dzordzor -- have undergone many renovations . These sites were inscribed as cultural heritages in the 32nd session of the World Heritage Committee on 8 July 2008 under the UNESCO 's World Heritage List . The three churches lie in a total area of 129 ha and were inscribed under UNESCO criteria ( ii ) , ( iii ) , and ( vi ) for their outstanding value in showcasing Armenian architectural and decorative traditions , for being a major centre for diffusion of Armenian culture in the region , and for being a place of pilgrimage of the apostle St. Thaddeus , a key figure in Armenian religious traditions . They represent the last vestiges of old Armenian culture in its southeastern periphery . The ensemble is in a good state of preservation ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Eastern_Asia", "title": "", "text": "The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated 73 World Heritage Sites in 5 countries ( also called `` state parties '' ) of Eastern Asia : China , Mongolia , North Korea , South Korea and Japan . In this region , China is home to the most inscribed sites with number of 50 . The first sites from the region ( and only sites designated in the 1980s or before ) were the Great Wall of China , Mount Tai , the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian , Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the Mogao Caves and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor , and all of them were in China . Each year , UNESCO 's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list , or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites , '' represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Eastern Asia , there are 53 cultural , 14 natural , and four mixed sites . The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered , citing `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' In this region there are no sites currently listed as endangered , nor have been listed previously . Possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of other cases . Although a number of sites in Taiwan have been proposed , political considerations have prevented any site on the island from being listed . The United Nations considers Taiwan to be a territory of the People 's Republic of China ; any World Heritage Site in Taiwan would be the responsibility of the PRC , which does not have any de facto authority over the island . The PRC actively interferes with any proposal to list a site in Taiwan ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention , established in 1972 . Austria ratified the convention on December 18 , 1992 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . Sites in Austria were first inscribed on the list at the 20th Session of the World Heritage Committee , held in Mérida , Mexico in 1996 . At that session , two sites were added : the `` Historic Centre of Salzburg '' , and the `` Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn '' . Other sites were added each year until 2001 and again in 2011 . As of July 2014 , Austria has 9 total sites inscribed on the list . Of these two sites are shared with other countries : `` Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape '' with Hungary ; and `` Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps '' with France , Germany , Italy , Slovenia and Switzerland . All World Heritage Sites in Austria are of the cultural type ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Oceania", "title": "", "text": "A World Heritage Site is a location that is listed by UNESCO as having outstanding cultural or natural value to the common heritage of humanity . The World Heritage Committee has designated 32 World Heritage Sites in Oceania . These are in 11 countries , with the majority of sites being located in Australia . The first three inscriptions from the region , the Great Barrier Reef , Kakadu National Park and the Willandra Lakes , were in 1981 -- three years after the list 's creation . The region contains the world 's three largest sites : Phoenix Islands Protected Area , Papahānaumokuākea and the Great Barrier Reef . In addition , the Tasmanian Wilderness is one of only two sites in the world that meet seven out of the ten criteria for World Heritage listing ( Mount Tai in China being the other ) . Each year , the World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list , or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites '' , represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Oceania there are 7 cultural , 19 natural and 5 mixed sites . UNESCO may also specify that a site is in danger , stating `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' In 2013 , the Committee added East Rennell to the List of World Heritage in Danger because of the threat of logging activities to the site 's outstanding universal value ." }, { "docid": "List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Serbia", "title": "", "text": "The United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention . Serbia , following its status successed the convention on Tuesday , September 11 , 2001 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list . Serbia had its first sites included in 1979 , and since 2007 , has 5 sites on the list . Of those 5 sites , all 5 are cultural , and Medieval Monuments in Kosovo are traditionally shown as four separate sites , and Stari Ras and Sopoćani as two separate sites also . In 2002 , 5 of 10 properties were submitted , and in 2010 , the rest , of the Tentative List . __ TOC __" } ]
159486	The Taj Mahal attracts significantly less than 7-8 million visitors a year.	[ { "docid": "Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal ( -LSB- ˌtɑːdʒ_məˈhɑːl -RSB- , more often -LSB- ˈtɑːʒ -RSB- meaning Crown of the Palace ) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra . It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor , Shah Jahan ( reigned 1628 -- 1658 ) , to house the tomb of his favourite wife , Mumtaz Mahal . The tomb is the centrepiece of a 42 acre complex , which includes a mosque and a guest house , and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall . Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years . The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees , which in 2015 would be approximately 52.8 billion rupees ( US$ 827 million ) . The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor , Ustad Ahmad Lahauri . The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being `` the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world 's heritage '' . Described by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore as `` the tear-drop on the cheek of time '' , it is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India 's rich history . The Taj Mahal attracts 7 -- 8 million visitors a year . In 2007 , it was declared a winner of the New7Wonders of the World ( 2000 -- 2007 ) initiative ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal Bangladesh is a scaled copy of the original Taj Mahal ( a Mughal mausoleum located in Agra , India ) located 10 miles east of the Bangladeshi capital , Dhaka in Sonargaon . Unlike the original , work on the building took only five years . Ahsanullah Moni , a wealthy Bangladeshi film-maker , announced his ` Copycat version of Taj Mahal ' project in December 2008 . The project cost about USD$ 56 Million , and was built 20 miles northeast of Capital Dhaka . Moni has explained that he built a replica of the Taj Mahal so that the poor of his nation can realise their dream of seeing neighbouring India 's famed monument . This caused complaints from Indian officials , `` You ca n't just go and copy historical monuments '' an official of Indian High Commission in Dhaka told press . Construction began in 2003 , but Mr Moni says that he came up with the idea in 1980 when he first visited the real Taj in Agra , India . He said that his homage had been built because most people living in Bangladesh - where nearly half of the population exist below the poverty line - can not afford to travel to India to see the real thing . `` Everyone dreams about seeing the Taj Mahal but very few Bangladeshis can make the trip because it 's too expensive for them , '' he said . Mr Moni first visited the original in 1980 and has made six return trips . So enamoured was he of the site that he hired a group of architects and sent them to India to measure it . He said : `` I used the same marble and stone as in the original Taj . We used machinery , which is why it took less time . Otherwise it would have taken 20 years and 22,000 workers to complete it . '' Last night Mr Mittal , at the Indian High Commission , did concede that the replica was unlikely to detract from the magnificence of the original . He also admitted that visitors were unlikely to mix up one with the other . `` A copy is a form of flattery , I suppose , '' he said ." }, { "docid": "Garden_tourism", "title": "", "text": "Garden tourism is a type of niche tourism involving visits or travel to botanical gardens and places which are significant in the history of gardening . Garden tourists often travel individually in countries with which they are familiar but often prefer to join organized garden tours in countries where they might experience difficulties with language , travel or finding accommodation in the vicinity of the garden . In the year 2000 the Alhambra and the Taj Mahal both received over 2 million visitors . This poses problems for the landscape manager . The list of famous gardens which attract garden tourists from afar includes : Sissinghurst Castle Garden and Stourhead in England , Versailles , Giverny , Villandry , Rivau in France , Keukenhof in the Netherlands , Villa d'Este and Villa Lante in Italy , Alhambra in Spain , Longwood Gardens and Filoli in the USA , Taj Mahal in India , Ryōan-ji in Japan . Despite its popularity , garden tourism remains a niche commercial enterprise . Throughout the world , there are a limited number of boutique tour operators offering guided tours to the public ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_replicas_and_derivatives", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal , an iconic structure in India , has inspired numerous replicas and derivatives . `` The Taj '' , informally , is now a major tourist attraction in Agra , Uttar Pradesh , and has been regarded as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World . Since 1632 , when Mughal emperor Shah Jahan began building the Taj to house the tomb of his favorite wife , Mumtaz Mahal , it has inspired many notable replicas , and major derivative structures include a 1678-started project of the emperor 's grandson . Some are intended to be scale models or otherwise to be more or less faithful copies , and others are designed with mild or extreme interpretations of the Taj 's architecture adapted to serve other purposes . These include :" }, { "docid": "Culture_of_Uttar_Pradesh", "title": "", "text": "The Culture of Uttar Pradesh is an Indian Culture which has its roots in the Hindi and Urdu literature , music , fine arts , drama and cinema . Lucknow , the capital of Uttar Pradesh , has several beautiful historical monuments such as Bara Imambara and Chhota Imambara . It has also preserved the damaged complex of the Oudh-period British Resident 's quarters , which are being restored . Uttar Pradesh attracts large number of visitors , both national and international ; with more than 71 million domestic tourists ( in 2003 ) and almost 25 % of the All-India foreign tourists visiting Uttar Pradesh , it is one of the top tourist destinations in India . There are two regions in the state where a majority of the tourists go , viz . the Agra circuit and the Hindu pilgrimage circuit . The city of Agra , gives access to three World Heritage Sites : Taj Mahal , Agra Fort and the nearby Fatehpur Sikri . Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife , Mumtaz Mahal . It is cited as `` the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world 's heritage '' . Agra Fort is about 2.5 km northwest of its much more famous sister monument , the Taj Mahal . The fort can be more accurately described as a walled palatial city . Fatehpur Sikri was the world famous 16th century capital city near Agra , built by the Mughal emperor Akbar the Great , whose mausoleum in Agra is also worth a visit . Dayal Bagh in Agra is a modern-day temple and popular tourist sight . Its lifelike sculptures in marble are unique in India . Agra 's dubious modern attractions include Asia 's largest Spa as well as Asia 's second 6D theatre.The pilgrimage circuit '' includes the holiest of the Hindu holy cities on the banks of sacred rivers Ganges and the Yamuna : Varanasi ( also considered world 's oldest city ) , Ayodhya ( birthplace of Lord Rama ) , Mathura ( birthplace of Lord Krishna ) , Vrindavan ( the village where Lord Krishna spent his childhood ) , and Allahabad ( the confluence or ` holy-sangam ' of the sacred Ganges-Yamuna rivers ) ." }, { "docid": "Mysore_Palace", "title": "", "text": "The Palace of Mysore is a historical palace in the city of Mysore in Karnataka , southern India . It is the official residence and seat of the Wodeyars -- the rulers of Mysore , the royal family of Mysore , who ruled the princely state from 1399 to 1950 . The palace houses two durbar halls ( ceremonial meeting halls of the royal court ) and incorporates an array of courtyards , gardens , and buildings . The palace is in the central region of inner Mysore , facing the Chamundi Hills eastward . Mysore is commonly described as the City of Palaces . There are about seven palaces inclusive of this ; however , Mysore Palace refers specifically to the one within the Old Fort . Built by the Maharaja Rajarshi His Highness Krishnarajendra Wadiyar IV , Mysore Palace is now one of the most famous tourist attractions in India , after the Taj Mahal , with more than 6 million annual visitors ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_Travellers", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal Travellers ( also given variously as Taj Mahal Travelers , Taj-Mahal Travellers , etc. ) were a Japanese experimental music ensemble founded in 1969 by former Group Ongaku leader and Fluxus member Takehisa Kosugi . The rest of the group were several years younger than Kosugi , and were all inspired by the spirit of the day . They chose mainly to perform their music outdoors , often on beaches and hilltops , creating spontaneously improvised drones ( compare with Dronology ) , often using standard musical instruments , albeit in unconventional ways ( e.g. , a bowed double bass placed flat on its back ) . The group 's sound was heavily reliant on electronic processing , particularly delay effects ." }, { "docid": "Shahi_Qila,_Burhanpur", "title": "", "text": "The Shahi Qila was a majestic palace in Burhanpur , located to the east of the Tapti River . Little except ruins remain of the palace . However , the parts that still stand display amazing works of sculpture and exquisite carvings . History of the Shahi Qila states that it was originally built by the Farooqui rulers and resided by Shah Jahan , at a time when he was the governor of Burhanpur . Shah Jahan became so fond of the fort that it was here , in Shahi Qila that he establishes his court for the first three years of his ascending the throne.Shah Jahan spent a considerable time in this city , and helped add to the Shahi Qila . Diwan-i-Aam and Diwan-i-Khas were built on the terrace of the Qila . The Shahi Qila , Burhanpur is mostly in ruins now , except a few beautifully carved parts of the palace that still stands as a symbol of the glorious Qila it was in the olden days . The locals call the Shahi Qila ` Bhulbhulaya ' ( that means a labyrinth ) because the architecture of the Shahi Qila is puzzling and perplexing for a casual visitor . The main attraction at the palace is the hamam or the royal bath . It was specifically built for Shah Jahan 's wife , Begum Mumtaz Mahal , so that she could enjoy a luxurious bath in water scented with khus , saffron and rose petals . Hammam Khana was constructed during Mughal Period . The baths bear an inscription of Khan Khana Mirza Abdul Rahim Khana , the famous minister of Akbar and Jahangir . The rooms have domed roof . The Hammam is beautifully decorated with paintings on honey comb work . Even today , the ceiling has many intricate paintings . One of these paintings depicts a monument which is said to have been the inspiration for the Taj Mahal . One of the amazing facts is that the Taj Mahal was originally supposed to have been built at Burhanpur . The site chosen for it still lies vacant near the tapti river . Mumtaz , in whose memory the Taj Mahal was built , died in burhanpur while giving birth to her fourteenth child ." }, { "docid": "Tourist_attractions_in_Vienna", "title": "", "text": "The tourist attractions of Vienna concentrate in three distinct areas . The largest cluster , centred on Schönbrunn Palace , attracted around five million visitors in 2009 , down from six million in 2008 . Museums and exhibitions of Hofburg Palace accounted for nearly two million visitors in 2008 , with a significant decline in 2009 . The third , and the newest , cluster of modern art museums in Museumsquartier attracted less than one million visitors.According to the Vienna Tourist Board , the Schönbrunn cluster includes the Palace itself , Tiergarten Schönbrunn , the Palmenhaus , the Wüstenhaus , the Imperial Coach Collection ( Wagenburg ) , the Maze Gardens ( Irrgarten ) and the Privy Gardens ( KronPrinzgarten ) . See Sehenwurdigkeiten 2007 ( in German ) and Sehenwurdigkeiten 2008 ( in German ) for exact composition of each of three clusters . Nearby duo of Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches museums , located halfway between Museumsquartier and Hofburg , also reported around one million visitors . The Landstraße district , which lies south-east of the old city , is home to art exhibitions at the Belvedere Palace and the KunstHausWien . Vienna stands out among other European tourist destinations for being a `` new old city '' , a city in transition from an older `` picture city '' like Florence and Venice to being a global city like Paris and London . For six consecutive years , 2003 -- 2008 , tourism industry was on the rise , but in 2009 the global financial crisis caused a sharp decline , especially in long-distance tourism from Asia and North America . The new museums of modern art retained or even increased their attendance , but museums of classical art lost more than a third of their former ticket sales . According to preliminary data for the first half of 2010 , Vienna is already past the bottom of the crisis and visitor numbers are rising again . In 2013 , Vienna was ranked the world 's most livable city for the fifth consecutive year , playing host to 5.8 million tourists , a growth of over four percent as compared to 2012 ." }, { "docid": "Mathura_Refinery", "title": "", "text": "The Mathura Refinery , owned by Indian Oil Corporation , is located in Mathura , Uttar Pradesh . The refinery processes low sulphur crude from Bombay High , imported low sulphur crude from Nigeria , and high sulphur crude from the Middle East . The refinery , which cost Rs .253.92 crores to build , was commissioned in January , 1982 . Construction began on the refinery in October 1972 . The foundation stone was laid by Indira Gandhi , the former prime minister of India . The FCCU and Sulphur Recovery Units were commissioned in January , 1983 . The refining capacity of this refinery was expanded to 7.5 MMTPA in 1989 by debottlenecking and revamping . A DHDS Unit was commissioned in 1989 for production of HSD with low sulphur content of 0.25 % wt . ( max . ) . The present refining capacity of this refinery is 8.00 MMTPA . In January 2009 , the plant shut down for a period of time due to a strike . The refinery was in the news for allegedly causing the white marble of the Taj Mahal to yellow . It is located about 50 kilometers away from the Taj Mahal . It is currently asking the Indian government to allow an expansion , raising the capacity to 11 million tonnes . The refinery also wants to create a new garbage disposal site , which has garnered new outrage from environmental activists because the site will be located even closer to the Taj Mahal and Mathura.The Mathura oil refinery releases toxic gases and disposes waste into the rivers making the area dirty and unhealthy . Even the Taj Mahal is getting affected because of this . The India government hired a panel to examine the effects of the refinery on the Taj Mahal . The panel found that the air has high levels of suspended particulate matter , caused by factory emissions , dust , construction , and exhaust from automobiles . These are causing the Taj Mahal to change color . In 1998 the plant was awarded the `` Best of all '' Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_Hotel", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal Hotel may refer to : Taj Mahal Palace & Tower in Mumbai Taj Mahal Hotel ( Delhi )" }, { "docid": "Kester_Smith", "title": "", "text": "Kester `` Smitty '' Smith is an American percussionist . He is the drummer for the Taj Mahal Trio and has collaborated with jazz , blues and world musicians . He has performed with and alongside Taj Mahal for over forty years . He has recorded music with Taj Mahal , Geoff Muldaur , Peter Rowan , Cedella Booker , Morgan Freeman , Ellen McIlwaine , Mary Coughlan and Pinetop Perkins ." }, { "docid": "Florida_Taj_Mahal_scandal", "title": "", "text": "Florida Taj Mahal scandal is an investigation by Chief Financial Officer of Florida Alex Sink ( D ) for possible misuse of state funds by one or more individuals on construction of the $ 48 million First District Court of Appeal of Florida courthouse located in Tallahassee , Florida . As of September 10 , 2010 this investigation was ongoing ." }, { "docid": "Inside_(Paul_Horn_album)", "title": "", "text": "Inside is a 1968 album by jazz flautist Paul Horn , considered one of the earliest new-age music and world fusion records . The album was recorded inside the Taj Mahal on 25 April 1968 , while Horn was with the Beatles in India , and released on the Epic Records label . It has sold over one million copies . The album has been reissued under the name Inside the Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "Gateway_of_India", "title": "", "text": "The Gateway of India is a monument built during the 20th century in Mumbai City of Maharashtra state in Western India . It is located on the waterfront in the Apollo Bunder area in South Mumbai and overlooks the Arabian Sea . The structure is a basalt arch , 26 m high . It lies at the end of Chhatrapati Shivaji Marg at the water 's edge in Mumbai Harbour . It was a crude jetty used by the fishing community which was later renovated and used as a landing place for British governors and other prominent people . In earlier times , it would have been the first structure that visitors arriving by boat in Mumbai would have seen . The Gateway has also been referred to as the Taj Mahal of Mumbai , and is the city 's top tourist attraction . The structure was erected to commemorate the landing of King George V and Queen Mary at Apollo Bunder , when they visited India in 1911 . Built in Indo-Saracenic style , the foundation stone for the Gateway of India was laid on 31 March 1911 . The final design of George Wittet was sanctioned in 1914 and the construction of the monument was completed in 1924 . The Gateway was later the ceremonial entrance to India for Viceroys and the new Governors of Bombay . It served to allow entry and access to India . The monument has witnessed three terror attacks since the beginning of the 21st century ; twice in 2003 and it was also the disembarkation point in 2008 when four terrorists attacked the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal is the debut American blues album by Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "The_Best_of_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The Best of Taj Mahal is an album by American blues artist Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "The_Essential_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The Essential Taj Mahal is a `` best of '' album by American blues artist Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "The_Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel ( Marathi/Hindi : ताजमहल होटल ) is a `` Heritage Grand '' class five-star hotel located in the Colaba region of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India , next to the Gateway of India . Historically it was known as the `` Taj Mahal Hotel '' or the `` Taj Palace Hotel '' . or simply `` the Taj '' . Part of the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces , this hotel is considered the flagship property of the group and contains 560 rooms and 44 suites . There are some 1,500 staff including 35 butlers . From a historical and architectural point of view , the two buildings that make up the hotel , the Taj Mahal Palace , and the Tower are two distinct buildings , built at different times and in different architectural designs . The hotel has hosted many notable guests , from presidents to captains of industry and stars of show business ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_Marathon", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal Marathon is a long-distance running event , to be held in Agra , India . The event will be first run on Friday , June 14 , 2013 and will continue every year ." }, { "docid": "The_Best_of_Taj_Mahal,_Volume_1", "title": "", "text": "The Best of Taj Mahal , Volume 1 is a blues compilation album by American Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "Blues_with_a_Feeling:_The_Very_Best_of_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "Blues with a Feeling : The Very Best of Taj Mahal is an album by American blues artist Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Scorsese_Presents_the_Blues_–_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues -- Taj Mahal is an album by American blues artist Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum in Agra , India , built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan . Taj Mahal may also refer to :" }, { "docid": "Recycling_The_Blues_&_Other_Related_Stuff", "title": "", "text": "Recycling The Blues & Other Related Stuff is the fifth American blues studio album by Taj Mahal . Tracks 1-7 were recorded live ; tracks 8-11 are studio recordings ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_(1963_film)", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal is a 1963 film based on the historical legend of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan . As per the legend Shah Jahan created the Taj Mahal in fond remembrance and as a tomb for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal . It was a commercial hit , but is remembered most for its music ." }, { "docid": "International_Mango_Festival", "title": "", "text": "The International Mango Festival , held annually in Delhi , India during early summer , is a two-day festival showcasing mangoes . It has been held since 1987 . It is organised by the Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation ( DTTDC ) in collaboration with the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority , the National Horticultural Board and the New Delhi Municipal Council . As in recent past years , the festival was held in the Talkatora Indoor Stadium . A tourism official explained : More than 50 mango growers from across the country , mainly from Uttar Pradesh , Bihar , Gujarat and Delhi , were given an interactive platform to present the ` king of fruits ' -LSB- ... -RSB- The visitors , who normally think mango has just five or six varieties , were educated through quizzes and competitions about the huge variety of the fruit grown and innumerable possibilities of using mango in cuisine . They also enjoyed colourful entertainment programmes of music and dance . -LSB- ... -RSB- It is an informal and international platform with a two-fold approach , to promote tourism as well as mango export . More than 550 varieties and cultivars of mango are featured in the festival for visitors to view and taste . Among these are alphonso , mallika , amrapali , himsagar , malda , balia , chorasya , dhaman , dhoon , fazia , gelchia , nigarin kheria , ruchika and shamasi . Notable chefs from five star hotels like the Maurya Sheraton , Taj Mahal Palace & Tower , Inter-Continental Hotel , Marriott India , Qutub Hotel and Claridges around India demonstrate the preparation of assorted recipes made with mango . The festival is also an opportunity for agro-industries and food industries processing mangoes into jams , pickles , fruit juice and canned fruit to display their products . Activities in the festival include cultural programmes and recreational events like a mango eating competition for women , mango slogan writing , a demonstration of mango carving , a magic show , and a quiz about mangoes . For the mango judging competition , there are various categories and a minimum of seven ripe mangoes are required for competing in each . There is also a prize given for biggest mango . In describing International Mango Festival , a reporter for the BBC said : Some visitors found the culinary preparations - unusual in a country where the fruit is primarily eaten uncooked - interesting . India exports about 40,000 metric tonnes of mangoes to 80 countries and the annual revenue earned from exporting mangoes and mango products reaches $ 85 million . Festival organisers hope the event will help to raise these figures significantly . Hindu mythology in India gives the mango an aura of mystique as a symbol of the joy of life ." }, { "docid": "Black_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The Black Taj Mahal ( काला ताज महल , from Persian / -LSB- `` Black Taj '' , `` Kaala Taj '' , also `` the 2nd Taj '' ) is a legendary black marble mausoleum that is said to have been planned to be built across the Yamuna River opposite the Taj Mahal in Agra , Uttar Pradesh , India . Mughal emperor Shah Jahan is widely believed to have desired a mausoleum for himself similar to that of the one he had built in memory of his third wife , Mumtaz Mahal . A European traveler by the name of Jean Baptiste Tavernier who visited Agra in 1665 first mentioned the idea of Black Taj in his fanciful writings . The writings of Tavernier mention that Shah Jahan began to build his own tomb on the other side of the river but could not complete it as he was deposed by his own son Aurangzeb . However , many modern archeologists believe this story to be myth ." }, { "docid": "Origins_and_architecture_of_the_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The ` Taj Mahal ' represents the finest and most sophisticated example of Mughal architecture . Its origins lie in the moving circumstances of its commission and the culture and history of an Islamic Mughal empire 's rule of large parts of India . The distraught Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the mausoleum upon the death of his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal . Today it is one of the most famous and recognizable buildings in the world and while the large , domed marble mausoleum is the most familiar part of the monument , the Taj Mahal is an extensive complex of buildings and gardens that extends over 22.44 haThe UNESCO evaluation omits the Bazaar , Caravenserai ( Taj Ganji ) and Moonlight garden ( Mahtab Bagh ) from its area calculations -- the total area with the historic Taj Ganji is 26.95 ha and includes subsidiary tombs , waterworks infrastructure , the small town of ` Taj Ganji ' to the south and a ` moonlight garden ' to the north of the river . Construction of Taj Mahal began in 1632 AD , ( 1041 AH ) , on the south bank of the River Yamuna in Agra , and was substantially complete by 1648 AD ( 1058 AH ) . The design was conceived as both an earthly replica of the house of Mumtaz in paradise and an instrument of propaganda for the emperor ." }, { "docid": "Taj_corridor_case", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Heritage Corridor case is an alleged scam wherein 2002 -- 2003 , the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mayawati and a minister in her government , Nasimuddin Siddiqui , were charged with corruption . The Taj Corridor project was intended to upgrade tourist facilities near the Taj Mahal and was to be implemented during her tenure as Chief Minister . The then BJP government at the Centre gave the Environmental Clearance required for the project near Taj Mahal . However , later on the BJP backed out and then started saying that the project was not cleared by the Environment Ministry and blamed Mayawati for starting construction work near the Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "Universal_Studios_Japan", "title": "", "text": ", located in Osaka , is one of four Universal Studios theme parks , owned and operated by USJ Co. , Ltd. which is wholly owned by NBCUniversal ( as of 2017 ) . The park is similar to the Universal Orlando Resort since it also contains selected attractions from Universal Orlando Resort and Universal Studios Hollywood . The park opened on March 31 , 2001 . Over 11 million guests visited the park in its opening year , making it the world 's fastest amusement park to have achieved the 10 million milestone at the time . Since then , Universal Studios Japan has had approximately 8 million visitors every year . Most visitors are Japanese tourists and tourists from other Asian countries such as South Korea . It is also very popular among Western tourists and expatriates . In 2005 , Goldman Sachs became the largest shareholder in Universal Studios Japan . Various events were held in the year 2011 to celebrate the park 's tenth anniversary , by which time a total of 88 million guests had cumulatively attended the park . There were 700,000 annual passport holders in June 2012 , and in the 2012 fiscal year , 9.75 million guests visited the park . During the 2013 fiscal year , Universal Studios Japan received 10.5 million guests . Various factors contributed to this growth in 2013 , including the opening of the backwards roller coaster `` Hollywood Dream -- The Ride : Backdrop '' in March , and the `` New Amazing Adventure of Spider-Man - The Ride 4K3D '' in July , which installed new 4KHD technology , which proved to be popular among the younger generation . The family area `` Universal Wonderland '' which opened in March 2012 also attracted many families . Recent installments include limited-time attractions such as `` Biohazard - The Real '' and `` Monster Hunter - The Real '' , both based on popular video game franchises , and `` One Piece Premier Show '' , which is based on the popular anime series , providing attractions based on entertainment worldwide . On July 15 , 2014 , The Wizarding World of Harry Potter , a themed area based on the blockbuster Harry Potter film series , opened to the public . The popular ride The Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey , located in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter , was revamped to play in 3D only 10 months after its opening as the first ride of its kind in the world . With a total investment of 45 billion yen , the addition of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter to the park is projected to have an economic ripple effect of 5 trillion 60 million yen over the next 10 years in Japan , and anticipates many visitors from both Japan and overseas . On Monday , October 29 , 2012 , Universal Studios Japan greeted its 100 millionth visitor since its opening in 2001 . According to the 2014 Theme Index Global Attraction Attendance Report , Universal Studios Japan is ranked fifth among the top 25 amusement/theme parks worldwide , attracting 11.8 million visitors in 2014 , 16.8 % more than in the previous year ." } ]
127145	Lisbon is in Portugal.	[ { "docid": "Lisbon", "title": "", "text": "Lisbon ( -LSB- ˈlɪzbən -RSB- Lisboa , -LSB- liʒˈβoɐ -RSB- ) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal , with a population of 552,700 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km ² . Its urban area extends beyond the city 's administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people , being the 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union . About 2.8 million people live in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area ( which represents approximately 27 % of the country 's population ) . It is continental Europe 's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast . Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus . The westernmost areas of its metro area is the westernmost point of Continental Europe . Lisbon is recognised as a global city because of its importance in finance , commerce , media , entertainment , arts , international trade , education and tourism . It is one of the major economic centres on the continent , with a growing financial sector and one of the largest container ports on Europe 's Atlantic coast . Humberto Delgado Airport serves over 20 million passengers annually , as of 2015 , and the motorway network and the high-speed rail system of Alfa Pendular link the main cities of Portugal . The city is the 7th-most-visited city in Southern Europe , after Istanbul , Rome , Barcelona , Madrid , Athens and Milan , with 1,740,000 tourists in 2009 . The Lisbon region contributes with a higher GDP PPP per capita than any other region in Portugal . It 's GDP amounts to 96.3 billion USD and thus $ 32,434 per capita , 40 % higher than the average European Union 's GDP per capita . The city occupies 32nd place of highest gross earnings in the world . Most of the headquarters of multinationals in the country are located in the Lisbon area . It is also the political centre of the country , as its seat of Government and residence of the Head of State . Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world , and the oldest in Western Europe , predating other modern European capitals such as London , Paris and Rome by centuries . Julius Caesar made it a municipium called Felicitas Julia , adding to the name Olissipo . Ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the 5th century , it was captured by the Moors in the 8th century . In 1147 , the Crusaders under Afonso Henriques reconquered the city and since then it has been a major political , economic and cultural centre of Portugal . Unlike most capital cities , Lisbon 's status as the capital of Portugal has never been granted or confirmed officially -- by statute or in written form . Its position as the capital has formed through constitutional convention , making its position as de facto capital a part of the Constitution of Portugal . Lisbon enjoys a Mediterranean climate . It has one of the warmest winters of any metropolis in Europe , with average temperatures 15 ° C during the day and 8 ° C at night from December to February . The typical summer season lasts about four months , from June to September , although also in April temperatures sometimes reach around 25 ° C." } ]	[ { "docid": "Areeiro", "title": "", "text": "Areeiro may refer to : Areeiro ( Lisbon ) , a civil parish of Lisbon , Portugal Praça do Areeiro , former name of Praça Francisco Sá Carneiro , a square in Lisbon , Portugal Roma-Areeiro railway station , in Lisbon , Portugal Areeiro ( Lisbon Metro ) - a station of the Lisbon Metro Areeiro , Caparica , a neighbourhood of the parish of Caparica , Almada , Portugal" }, { "docid": "Treaty_of_Lisbon_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "The Treaty of Lisbon is a 2007 treaty between member states designed to reform the European Union . Treaty of Lisbon may also refer to : Treaty of Lisbon ( 1661 ) , a Peace Treaty and renewed Alliance , where Portugal ceded to England Tangiers and Mumbai as part of the dowry of Queen Catherine of Braganza to Charles II of England Treaty of Lisbon ( 1667 ) , Franco-Portuguese alliance during the Portuguese Restoration War Treaty of Lisbon ( 1668 ) , a Peace Treaty that ended the 26-year-long Portuguese Restoration War between Portugal and Spain , granting independence to Portugal after 60 years ( 1580-1640 ) of Iberian Union Treaty of Lisbon ( 1859 ) , a treaty between Portugal and the Netherlands that decided the border between Portuguese Timor and the Dutch East Indies Treaty of Lisbon ( 1864 ) , a treaty between Spain and Portugal on the border between the two countries ." }, { "docid": "Alvalade", "title": "", "text": "Alvalade may refer to the following places in Portugal : Alvalade ( Lisbon ) , a freguesia ( civil parish ) in the municipality of Lisbon Alvalade ( Santiago do Cacém ) , a freguesia ( civil parish ) in the Santiago do Cacém Municipality , Alentejo Estádio José Alvalade ( 1956 ) , a former multi-purpose stadium in Lisbon , Portugal , home to Sporting Clube de Portugal Estádio José Alvalade , the new football stadium of Sporting Clube de Portugal Alvalade ( Lisbon Metro ) , a station on the green Line of the Lisbon Metro" }, { "docid": "Oeiras,_Portugal", "title": "", "text": "Oeiras ( -LSB- oˈɐjɾɐʃ -RSB- ) is a municipality in western part of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area , subregion of Greater Lisbon , in continental Portugal . It is part of the urban agglomeration of Lisbon . The population in 2011 was 172,120 , in an area of 45.88 km ² , making the municipality the fifth-most densely populated in Portugal . Oeiras is an important economic hub , being one of the most highly developed municipalities of Portugal and Europe . It has the highest GDP ( Growth Domestic Product ) in the country , being also the second municipality ( right after Lisbon ) with the highest purchasing power as well as the second one collecting taxes in the country . This economic results are also a reflection of the inhabitants studies , being Oeiras the municipality with the highest concentration of population with higher education in the country and the lowest unemployment rate in the Lisbon area ." }, { "docid": "Eduardo_Prado_Coelho", "title": "", "text": "Eduardo Prado Coelho ( 29 March 1944 Lisbon - 25 August 2007 Lisbon , Portugal ) was a Portuguese writer , journalist , columnist and university professor . He was also a political and cultural critic . Coelho was born on 29 March 1944 in Lisbon , Portugal . He was the son of Jacinto do Prado Coelho , a Portuguese professor and literary critic . Eduardo Prado Coelho began teaching at the New University of Lisbon in 1983 . Coelho often contributed a column to magazines and newspapers . He contributed to the Público newspaper right up to his death in 2007 . He was awarded , in 2004 , with the Prémio Arco-íris ( Rainbow Award ) , of the Associação ILGA Portugal ( Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual and Transgender Intervention Association Portugal ) , the Portuguese chapter of the International Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual , Trans and Intersex Association , for his contributtion in the struggle against discrimination and homophobia . Coelho also served as an adviser to the Belém Cultural Center . Eduardo Prado Coelho died in Lisbon , Portugal on 25 August 2007 , of cardiac problems ." }, { "docid": "União_Foot-Ball_Lisboa", "title": "", "text": "União Foot-Ball Lisboa ( Lisbon Union FC in English ) , was a football club founded in Lisbon , Portugal on 3 March 1910 . In 1942 the club merged with Carcavelinhos Football Clube to form Atlético Clube de Portugal . Category : Football clubs in Portugal Category : Association football clubs established in 1910 Category : Sport in Lisbon Category :1910 establishments in Portugal" }, { "docid": "Lisbon_Metro", "title": "", "text": "The Lisbon Metro ( Metropolitano de Lisboa ) is the metro ( subway ) system of Lisbon , Portugal . Opened in December 1959 , it was the first subway system in Portugal . , the four Lisbon metro lines total 44.1 km of route and serve 56 stations ." }, { "docid": "Católica_Lisbon_School_of_Business_&_Economics", "title": "", "text": "Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics ( also known as Católica Lisbon SBE or CLSBE ) is the business school of the Catholic University of Portugal ( also known as Católica Lisbon , UCP , or simply Católica ) , a concordatary university , and one of best European business schools according to the Financial Times located in Lisbon , Portugal . The first undergraduate program in management at Católica Lisbon was established in 1972 , two years before the Carnation Revolution ." }, { "docid": "Lapa_(Lisbon)", "title": "", "text": "Lapa is a former parish ( freguesia ) in the municipality of Lisbon , Portugal . It has a total area of 0.72 km ² and total population of 8,671 inhabitants ( 2001 ) ; density : 12,026.4 hab/km ² . At the administrative reorganization of Lisbon on 8 December 2012 it became part of the parish Estrela . It was created on February 11 , 1770 , by the Cardinal patriarch of Lisbon Francisco de Saldanha da Gama . This parish of Lisbon concentrates a large number of embassies of foreign countries in Portugal , in particular , Austria , Bulgaria , Canada , China , Finland , Indonesia , Ireland , Luxembourg , Sovereign Military Order of Malta , Netherlands , Romania , Sweden , Switzerland and United Kingdom . It is also the site of the Assembly of the Republic and the official residence of the Prime Minister of Portugal ." }, { "docid": "Port_of_Lisbon", "title": "", "text": "The Port of Lisbon is the third largest port in Portugal , located where the River Tagus and the Atlantic Ocean meet , in the Portuguese capital of Lisbon . Due to its strategic location on the Portuguese coast between Europe , Africa , and the Atlantic , the port is one of the most accessed and utilized in Europe . Category : Ports and harbours of Portugal Category : Lisbon" }, { "docid": "Igreja_de_Santa_Luzia_(Lisbon)", "title": "", "text": "Igreja de Santa Luzia is a church in Lisbon , Portugal . It is classified as a National Monument . Category : Roman Catholic churches in Lisbon Category : National monuments in Portugal" }, { "docid": "Igreja_de_Santo_Estêvão_(Lisbon)", "title": "", "text": "Igreja de Santo Estêvão is a church in Lisbon , Portugal . It is classified as a National Monument . Category : Roman Catholic churches in Lisbon Category : National monuments in Portugal" }, { "docid": "Carlucci_American_International_School_of_Lisbon", "title": "", "text": "The Carlucci American International School of Lisbon ( known as CAISL ) is a prominent not-for-profit non-sectarian , coeducational international school in Sintra , Portugal , in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area . Operating as a dual American and International Baccalaureate ( IB ) program , the school 's student population is largely international , most connected to diplomatic missions and embassies in Lisbon , followed by Portuguese nationals , and a sizable minority of Americans . Founded in 1956 , it is the oldest American international school in the Iberian Peninsula and the only one in Portugal . It is named for Frank C. Carlucci , former American ambassador to Portugal and former U.S. Secretary of Defense ." }, { "docid": "A5_motorway_(Portugal)", "title": "", "text": "The A5 is a 25 km motorway , located in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area , Portugal . It connects Lisbon with Cascais . The motorway is also known as Estoril Coast Motorway and it overlaps the Complementary Itinerary 15 ( IC15 ) . The first section of the highway -- connecting the Duarte Pacheco Viaduct in the City of Lisbon with the National Stadium in the Oeiras Municipality -- was opened in 1944 , becoming the first motorway in Portugal and one of the first in the world . From 1945 to the early 1980s , it was officially designated National Road 7 ( N7 ) , when it became the A5 . The last section of the A5 was opened in 1991 . Category : Motorways in Portugal Category : Cascais" }, { "docid": "List_of_mayors_of_Lisbon", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of mayors of Lisbon ( -LSB- Presidente da Câmara Municipal de Lisbon , Lisboa , CML -RSB- , literally : `` President of the Municipal Chamber of Lisbon '' , and also -LSB- Presidente do Município de Lisbon , Lisboa -RSB- , literally : `` President of the Municipality of Lisbon ) , the capital city of Portugal , and also the most populated . This office is considered one of the most important in Portugal 's politics , even more sought than the office of Minister ( following António Costa 's resignation from a Minister 's position to dispute the 2007 elections , which he won ) ." }, { "docid": "Malta–Portugal_relations", "title": "", "text": "Malta -- Portugal relations are foreign relations between Malta and Portugal . Malta has an embassy in Lisbon and 4 honorary consulates ( in Algarve , Azores , Lisbon and Porto ) . Portugal has an embassy and an honorary consulate in Valletta . Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Union for the Mediterranean ." }, { "docid": "Manuel_Botelho", "title": "", "text": "Manuel Botelho ( born 1950 , Lisbon ) is a Portuguese artist . He lives and works in Estoril , Portugal , and teaches at the Faculty of Fine Arts , University of Lisbon . Botelho was born in Lisbon , Portugal . He studied architecture at the Lisbon School of Fine Arts from 1968 -- 76 , and painting at the Byam Shaw School of Art ( 1983 -- 85 ) and the Slade School of Fine Art ( 1985 -- 87 ) , London . In 2005 he held a retrospective exhibition at the Modern Art Centre , Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation , Lisbon ." }, { "docid": "Treaty_of_Lisbon_(1668)", "title": "", "text": "The Treaty of Lisbon of 1668 was a peace treaty between Portugal and Spain , concluded at Lisbon on 13 February 1668 , through the mediation of England , in which Spain recognized the sovereignty of Portugal 's new ruling dynasty , the House of Braganza ." }, { "docid": "Hinduism_in_Portugal", "title": "", "text": "There is relatively little history of active practice of Hinduism in Portugal . Presently there is a Hindu community of approximately 9,000 persons , which largely traces its origins to Indians who emigrated from the former Portuguese colonies of Lusophone Africa , particularly from Mozambique , and from the former colony of Goa and other possessions in Portuguese India . From the mid 1990s on there was an influx of Hindus of Nepalese origin in Portugal as a result of labour migration originated from that South Asian country . Also since the 1990s it is possible to find in Lisbon a small Hare Krishna community , consisting mainly of Caucasians of Portuguese origin , but also Brazilian and devotes from other European countries . Hindus in Portugal are , according to the Indian Embassy in Lisbon , mainly Gujaratis ( Gujarati is taught at the Hindu Community Cultural Centre , in Lisbon ) , Punjabis and Goans . The majority of the Hindus live in the capital city , Lisbon , but it is also possible to find some Hindu-Gujarati families living in Oporto ." }, { "docid": "Afonso_of_Portugal,_Lord_of_Portalegre", "title": "", "text": "Infante Afonso of Portugal ( Lisbon , 8 February 1263 -- Lisbon , 2 November 1312 ; -LSB- ɐˈfõsu -RSB- ; or ) was a Portuguese infante ( prince ) , son of King Afonso III of Portugal and his second wife Beatrice of Castile . He was titled Lord of Portalegre , Castelo de Vide , Arronches , Marvão and Lourinhã . Afonso was born on 8 February 1263 and in 1287 married Violante Manuel , daughter of Castilian Infante Manuel of Castile . Afonso died on 2 November 1312 in Lisbon ." }, { "docid": "TAP_Portugal_destinations", "title": "", "text": "TAP Portugal was founded as a division of Portugal 's Civil Aviation Department under the name Transportes Aéreos Portugueses on , and started operations on , initially serving the Lisbon -- Madrid route using the Douglas DC-3 . A year later , the carrier added a route to Angola and Mozambique , at the time claimed to be the world 's longest route operated with a DC-3 , having 13 intermediate stops . In 1957 , the airline deployed Super Constellations on the Lisbon -- London and Lisbon -- Paris sectors , yet operations of the type date back to , when these aircraft started flying the route that linked Portugal with Portuguese Angola and Portuguese Mozambique . By , the carrier 's network consisted of the long-haul Lisbon -- Kano -- Leopoldville -- Luanda -- Lourenço Marques route , as well as medium - and short-haul routes radiating from Lisbon and serving Casablanca , London , Madrid , Paris and Tangier , and a single domestic flight between Lisbon and Oporto . On , the airline started services between Lisbon and London , flying the route using the Sud Aviation Caravelle , taking over the services that had been operated by British European Airways on behalf of the company . , TAP Portugal was the European airline with the most destinations in Brazil ( 10 ) , being the leader in terms of passengers transported between this country and Europe , in comparison with their European counterparts , as well as with the Brazilian ones . As of August 2012 , the airline was the third largest to serve Latin America by number of passengers ; , the carrier shifted to the fourth place in the Europe-Latin America sector . Data from the latest financial report , corresponding to the fiscal year 2012 , showed that the airline had its main source of traffic in Europe , and their most important long-haul market was South America . Apart from Brazil , the countries with the most destinations served by the carrier are Spain ( 7 ) , France ( 6 ) and Germany ( 5 ) . TAP Portugal also flies to other 25 international destinations in Europe , 15 in Africa , in the United States and one more in Latin America ( Caracas ) . In the end of 2013 , TAP announced its plan to start flying to additional destinations in Europe during 2014 ( Nantes , Hannover , Tallinn , Gothenburg , Belgrade and Saint Petersburg ) , whose schedule was announced prior to . , the number of destinations in Brazil served by the carrier increased to 12 with the addition of Belém and Manaus to the route network . During , TAP Portugal launched services to Belgrade , Bogotá , Gothenburg , Hanover , Nantes , Oviedo , Panama City , Saint Petersburg and Tallinn ." }, { "docid": "Signing_of_the_Treaty_of_Lisbon", "title": "", "text": "The signing of the Treaty of Lisbon took place in Lisbon , Portugal , on 13 December 2007 . The Government of Portugal , by virtue of holding Presidency of the Council of the European Union at the time , arranged a ceremony inside the 15th century Jerónimos Monastery , the same place Portugal 's treaty of accession to the European Union ( EU ) had been signed in 1985 . Representatives from the 27 EU member states were present , and signed the Treaty as plenipotentiaries , marking the end of negotiations that began in 2001 . In addition , for the first time an EU treaty was also signed by the presidents of the three main EU institutions . After the main ceremony , the heads of state and government took a ride on a decorated Lisbon tram together , symbolising the brotherhood of European countries on the path of European integration ." }, { "docid": "Duarte_of_Portugal,_4th_Duke_of_Guimarães", "title": "", "text": "Duarte of Portugal , 4th Duke of Guimarães ( October 7 , 1515 in Lisbon -- September 20 , 1540 in Lisbon ) was a Portuguese infante ( prince ) ; the sixth son of King Manuel I of Portugal and his wife Maria of Aragon ." }, { "docid": "Transport_in_Portugal", "title": "", "text": "Transport in Portugal is well-developed and diversified . Portugal has a 68732 km network of roads , of which almost 3000 km are part of a 44 motorways system . Brisa is the largest highway management concessionaire . With 89,015 km2 , Continental Portugal has 3 international airports located near Lisbon , Porto and Faro . The national railway system service is provided by Comboios de Portugal . The major seaports are located in Leixões , Aveiro , Figueira da Foz , Lisbon , Setúbal , Sines and Faro ." }, { "docid": "Infante_António_of_Portugal", "title": "", "text": "Infante António of Portugal ( -LSB- ɐ̃ˈtɔniu -RSB- ) ( Lisbon , 15 March 1695 - Lisbon , 20 October 1757 ) was a Portuguese infante ( prince ) , the third surviving son of Peter II , King of Portugal , and his wife Maria Sophia of Neuburg ." }, { "docid": "Lisbon_Academy_of_Sciences,_Class_of_Letters", "title": "", "text": "The Class of Letters ( Portuguese : Classe de Letras ) of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences is the language regulator of the Portuguese language in Portugal . It was created by the queen Maria I of Portugal , on December 24 , 1779 , during the Age of Enlightenment . It is based in Lisbon and the current president of the board of direction is Adriano Moreira ." }, { "docid": "Porto–Lisboa", "title": "", "text": "Porto -- Lisbon ( Portuguese : Porto-Lisboa ) was an annual road cycling race held in Portugal on 10 June in celebration of Portugal Day . Covering a distance of approximately 330 kilometres , the race was the longest on the professional calendar after the disappearance of Bordeaux -- Paris in 1988 . It started in Porto , Portugal 's second-largest city , and finished in the Portuguese capital Lisbon around eight or nine hours later . Although it was the most important classic in Portugal , in its later days it was usually only contested by Portuguese cycling teams . In 2002 Porto -- Lisbon was held as a team-race divided in three sectors between Porto and Lisboa . In 2004 the last edition of the race was held . Since its cancellation , Milan -- San Remo is the longest one-day race of the year , at approximately 298 km ." }, { "docid": "Olivais", "title": "", "text": "Olivais may refer to : Olivais ( Lisbon ) , a parish of Lisbon , Portugal Santo António dos Olivais , Coimbra , Portugal" }, { "docid": "José_of_Braganza,_High_Inquisitor_of_Portugal", "title": "", "text": "José of Braganza , High Inquisitor of Portugal ( Lisbon , 8 September 1720 -- Lisbon , 31 July 1801 ) was a Portuguese clergyman , and the illegitimate son of John V of Portugal and Paula de Odivelas . He was High Inquisitor of the Portuguese Inquisition . He was one of the three Children of Palhavã . Category :1720 births Category :1801 deaths Category : House of Braganza Category :18 th-century Portuguese people Category :19 th-century Portuguese people Category : People from Lisbon Category : Illegitimate children of Portuguese monarchs" }, { "docid": "Lisbon_Open", "title": "", "text": "The Lisbon Open , also known by its sponsorship name Lights Cup , is a defunct men 's tennis tournament . It was held for one year , in 1983 , in Lisbon , Portugal and was played on outdoor clay courts . It was a Super Series category tournament and was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit . The tournament was organized by Hans Burkert , director of the Frankfurt Grand Prix tournament . He decided to move the Frankfurt Super Series tournament , held from 1980 until 1982 , to Portugal because of the competition of other major events in West Germany and with the aim to develop professional tennis in Portugal ." } ]
66277	Arya Stark is the daughter of Lady Catelyn Stark.	[ { "docid": "Arya_Stark", "title": "", "text": "Arya Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent point of view character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series , and also a main character in HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Arya is the younger daughter of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She is headstrong , independent , disdains traditional female pursuits , and is often mistaken for a boy . She wields a sword named Needle , a gift from her half-brother , Jon Snow , and is trained in the Braavosi style of sword fighting . Arya is portrayed by Maisie Williams on the HBO series Game of Thrones . Her performance has garnered critical acclaim , particularly in the second season for her work opposite veteran actor Charles Dance ( Tywin Lannister ) when she served as his cupbearer . She is among the most popular characters in either version of the story . Williams was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the role in 2016 . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Catelyn_Stark", "title": "", "text": "Catelyn Stark ( née Tully ) is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . She is a prominent point of view character in the novels . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Catelyn is the lady of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional kingdom of Westeros . She was born into House Tully of Riverrun . Catelyn is portrayed by Michelle Fairley on the HBO series Game of Thrones . Jennifer Ehle was originally cast as Catelyn Stark and appeared in the unaired pilot , but left the series for family reasons before the first season began . Fairley 's portrayal of Catelyn has garnered critical acclaim , with many in particular praising her performance during the episode `` The Rains of Castamere '' . Due to this popularity , many fans were disappointed she did not appear in the series ' fourth season , despite the character 's resurrection in the novels ." }, { "docid": "Sansa_Stark", "title": "", "text": "Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Fire_and_Blood_(Game_of_Thrones)", "title": "", "text": "`` Fire and Blood '' is the tenth and final episode of the first season of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones . First aired on June 19 , 2011 , it was written by the show 's creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by Alan Taylor . The title of the episode is the motto of House Targaryen , and alludes to the aftermath of the previous episode 's climactic events . The episode 's action revolves around the Starks ' reactions to Eddard Stark 's execution : Sansa is taken hostage , Arya flees in disguise , Robb and Catelyn lead an army against the Lannisters , and Jon Snow struggles with his divided loyalty . Across the narrow sea , Daenerys must deal with the blood magic that has robbed her of her husband , her son and her army . The episode was well received by critics , who singled out the closing scene as a particularly strong way to end the first season . In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 3.04 million in its initial broadcast . This episode was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series ." }, { "docid": "Lord_Snow", "title": "", "text": "`` Lord Snow '' is the third episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones . It first aired on May 1 , 2011 . It was written by the show creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by series regular Brian Kirk , his directorial debut for the series . The plot follows Jon Snow 's training at The Wall ; Eddard 's arrival at King 's Landing , followed by Catelyn , looking for Bran 's would-be murderer ; Arya reveals her desire to learn sword fighting to her father ; Joffrey is given a lesson in ruling the Kingdom by Cersei , and Robert longs for the glory of his past . Meanwhile , Daenerys learns she is pregnant . The episode was the first to feature Old Nan , played by Margaret John , who died before the series was broadcast ; the episode is dedicated to her memory in the final credit . Critical reception was generally positive , with critics praising Maisie Williams for her portrayal of Arya Stark , and her sword lesson scenes , as well as the introduction of the Small Council , and further character development for the series . In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 2.4 million in its initial broadcast ." }, { "docid": "Cripples,_Bastards,_and_Broken_Things", "title": "", "text": "`` Cripples , Bastards , and Broken Things '' is the fourth episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones , which first aired on May 8 , 2011 . It was written by Bryan Cogman and directed by Brian Kirk . In this episode Lord Eddard Stark , the new Hand of the King , investigates the sudden death of his predecessor . Jon Snow , Eddard 's bastard son , defends a new recruit who has just joined the rangers at `` the Wall . '' Exiled prince Viserys becomes increasingly frustrated as the Dothraki horde he needs to invade Westeros and win back his crown continues to linger at Vaes Dothrak . The episode ends with Eddard 's wife Catelyn arresting Tyrion Lannister on suspicion of attempting to murder her son Bran . The title comes from the original book , spoken by Tyrion after he provides Bran Stark with a saddle design that will allow him to ride despite his paraplegia : `` I have a tender spot in my heart for cripples and bastards and broken things . '' Critical reaction to the episode was mostly positive , with critics citing the Night 's Watch scenes at the Wall as highlights , as well as Michelle Fairley 's performance as Catelyn Stark in the final scene of the episode with Peter Dinklage as Tyrion Lannister . In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 2.5 million in its initial broadcast ." }, { "docid": "What_Is_Dead_May_Never_Die", "title": "", "text": "`` What Is Dead May Never Die '' is the third episode of the second season of HBO 's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones , first airing on April 15 , 2012 . The episode is written by Bryan Cogman and directed by Alik Sakharov , who worked previously as the director of photography on four season one episodes . The plot continues events built up in previous episodes : the aftermath of Jon Snow 's investigation into Craster , Catelyn Stark 's journey to the Stormlands in order to ask for Renly Baratheon 's assistance in fighting the Lannisters , Theon 's internal conflict as to where his allegiance lies , Tyrion Lannister uses his cunning to find his sister 's spy within the Small Council , and Arya is consoled by Yoren before being confronted by soldiers looking for Gendry . The episode 's title is taken from a prayer used on the Iron Islands , by worshippers of the Drowned God ." }, { "docid": "The_Kingsroad", "title": "", "text": "`` The Kingsroad '' is the second episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones , first aired on April 24 , 2011 . It was written by the show creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by Tim Van Patten . Nearly all the action of the episode happens during travel : Eddard Stark and his daughters accompany the king 's entourage to King 's Landing to occupy the post of Hand of the King , Tyrion Lannister joins Jon in his travel to the Wall , and the newly wed Daenerys goes with her husband 's khalasar to the city of Vaes Dothrak . Meanwhile in Winterfell a grieving Catelyn Stark watches over her unconscious son Bran . Viewing figures were unchanged from the premiere , despite the second episode airing on Easter Sunday . Critical reception to the episode was favorable . Filming locations included several notable Northern Ireland locations , and the filming itself was complicated by the difficulty of integrating canine actors into several crucial scenes . In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 2.2 million in its initial broadcast ." }, { "docid": "Arya_(name)", "title": "", "text": "Arya is a Persian and North Indian given name . Arya is a unisex name in India , in sanskrit it means wise or of a noble character . In some countries it may be a masculine name . The name is also beginning to appear in the western world after the character Arya Stark of the television series Game of Thrones . For the meaning and history of the Sanskrit word , ." }, { "docid": "Roose_Bolton", "title": "", "text": "Roose Bolton is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Bolton , a northern lord with his seat at the Dreadfort , is a retainer of Lord Eddard Stark . Bolton is known for being cold and calculating . Bolton 's heir is his bastard son Ramsay Snow . Bolton joins Robb Stark 's rebellion as ( along with Greatjon Umber ) , one of Stark 's lieutenants . He marries Fat Walda ( Frey ) , after having been offered any Frey bride 's weight in silver as a dowry by Lord Walder Frey . With the help of Arya Stark and the Brave Companions he takes and holds Harrenhal until rejoining Robb Stark ostensibly to help retake the Neck ( occupied by the Greyjoys ) , but in truth as a conspirator orchestrating the Red Wedding , receiving the title of Warden of the North from the Lannisters . Roose is portrayed by Michael McElhatton in the HBO television adaptation ." }, { "docid": "Blood_of_My_Blood", "title": "", "text": "`` Blood of My Blood '' is the sixth episode of the sixth season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 56th overall . The episode was written by Bryan Cogman , and directed by Jack Bender . Beyond the Wall , Bran Stark ( Isaac Hempstead Wright ) and Meera Reed ( Ellie Kendrick ) have successfully escaped the White Walkers , but are about to be caught by their undead , until they are rescued by Benjen Stark ( Joseph Mawle ) . Samwell Tarly ( John Bradley ) returns to his family 's home in Horn Hill , accompanied by Gilly ( Hannah Murray ) and little Sam , intending to leave them there , but changes his mind after reuniting with his cruel father . In King 's Landing , Jaime Lannister ( Nikolaj Coster-Waldau ) attempts to rescue the Queen , Margaery Tyrell ( Natalie Dormer ) , but learns that King Tommen Baratheon ( Dean-Charles Chapman ) has united the faith and the crown . Across the Narrow Sea , in Braavos , Arya Stark ( Maisie Williams ) refuses to kill the actress she was assigned to poison by the Faceless Men , and in the Dothraki Sea , Daenerys Targaryen ( Emilia Clarke ) rides on Drogon and emboldens her newly acquired khalasar . `` Blood of My Blood '' was positively received by critics who praised the return of several notable characters , including Benjen Stark , Walder Frey and Edmure Tully . Further praise was given to other plot points , such as Samwell 's return to Horn Hill , and Arya 's decision to return to being a Stark rather than a disciple of the Many-Faced God . The episode title is a reference to a famous Dothraki saying used between a Khal and his bloodriders . Filming of Bran 's visions was put together precisely and also very carefully chosen . In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 6.71 million in its initial broadcast ." }, { "docid": "Baelor", "title": "", "text": "`` Baelor '' is the ninth episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones . First aired on June 12 , 2011 , it was written by the show 's creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by Alan Taylor , his directorial debut for the series . The plot depicts Eddard Stark , imprisoned and accused of high treason , struggling with the decision whether to falsely confess to save his daughters , and he is ultimately beheaded by King Joffrey . His wife Catelyn negotiates with Lord Walder Frey for the use of a strategic river crossing and his son Robb fights his first battle in the war against the Lannisters . Meanwhile , Jon Snow discovers a secret about Maester Aemon , and Daenerys stands up to Qotho and challenges Dothraki traditions to care for Khal Drogo . The episode received great acclaim among critics , who cited the final scene with Eddard Stark 's beheading as a highlight for the series , calling it a `` daring , tragic finish . '' In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 2.66 million in its initial broadcast . The episode was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series and Peter Dinklage won the award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his performance ." }, { "docid": "The_Wolf_and_the_Lion", "title": "", "text": "`` The Wolf and the Lion '' is the fifth episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones , first aired on May 15 , 2011 . It was written by the show creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by Brian Kirk . The events of the episode primarily deal with Lord Eddard Stark 's investigations into the death of the previous Hand . In the city of King 's Landing , the Tourney of the Hand comes to an end while the various factions that plot for power are revealed to the viewer . This delicate balance is undone when news arrives that Tyrion Lannister has been arrested by Catelyn Stark . The title of the episode refers to the fact that the Starks , whose sigil is a wolf , may soon be at war with the Lannisters , whose sigil is the lion . With this episode the season hits its halfway mark and the action picks up considerably . Despite being a topic of discussion at King 's Landing , Daenerys and Jorah Mormont do not themselves appear in this episode . Jon Snow and all characters on the Wall are also absent , and Robb Stark does not appear in Winterfell scenes . Accordingly , Emilia Clarke , Iain Glen , Harry Lloyd , Richard Madden and Kit Harington all have their names omitted from the opening titles . The Eyrie appears as a new location between King 's Landing and Winterfell on the opening 's map . The episode was also particularly well-received critically , with multiple critics praising the omission of the Wall and Dothraki plotlines giving this episode a relatively more focused feel . In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 2.58 million in its initial broadcast ." }, { "docid": "Michelle_Fairley", "title": "", "text": "Michelle Fairley is a Northern Irish actress , best known for her roles as Catelyn Stark in the HBO series Game of Thrones , Dr. Ava Hessington in multiple episodes of USA Network series Suits , and as terrorist Margot Al-Harazi , a main antagonist in 24 : Live Another Day ." }, { "docid": "William_Henry_Stark", "title": "", "text": "William Henry Stark ( March 19 , 1851 -- October 8 , 1936 ) was an industrial leader whose contributions helped the city of Orange , Texas develop financially . Stark was the president of the Lutcher Moore Cypress Lumber Company of Lutcher , Louisiana . Stark was born March 19 , 1851 to John Thomas and Martha Ann ( Skidmore ) Stark . Originally from San Augustine County , Stark lived in Burkeville , Texas and Newton , Texas before moving to Orange in 1870 to seek employment in the sawmills . He worked in the early area sawmills and would soon become a leader of the local lumber industry . In 1881 , Stark married Miriam Melissa Lutcher ( 1859 -- 1936 ) , the daughter of Henry J. Lutcher , a partner in the Lutcher and Moore Lumber Company . In the early 1880s , Stark 's expertise in the lumber business would soon land him the position of managing two mills belonging to his father-in-law 's firm in Louisiana . Stark 's success in the lumber industry led him to invest in other businesses such as iron and coal production , real estate , and ranching . His innovative ideas , including development of the deep water ports on the Sabine River and an irrigation system that provided needed resources for the region 's rice industry , led to increased population growth for the city of Orange . Stark also served as a regent for the University of Texas System , 1911 -- 15 , an office later held by his son Lutcher Stark , who became chairman of the University Board . Stark died on October 8 , 1936 , and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Orange , Texas . The Texas Historical Commission has constructed a marker to commemorate his contributions to the city ." }, { "docid": "James_Stark_(actor)", "title": "", "text": "James Stark ( 1819 -- October 12 , 1875 ) was a Canadian-born US actor best known for appearances in tragedy . Stark was born in Windsor , Ontario , but his career was largely spent in California during pioneer days . He was particularly known for his portrayal of Cardinal Richelieu in the play of that name , and for his portayal of Hamlet and other Shakespearean characters . Around 1848 , he was a member of the stock company at the Richmond Theatre in Virginia . In New York City , he played the Park Theatre in 1846 with John Collins in The Irish Ambassador , as Prince Rudolf ; with Charles Kean and his wife , the former Ellen Tree , in The Two Gentlemen of Verona and King John ; and with James Robertson Anderson in the new play King of the Commons . In 1848 and 1851 he played the Old Broadway Theatre , with Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Wallack Jr. . In 1852 Frank Chanfrau was the manager of The New York Theatre , Astor Place ( formerly the Astor Place Opera House ) for one week , from September 27 to October 2 , when Stark played King Lear , Hamlet , Richelieu , The Stranger , and Claude Melnotte ( in The Lady of Lyons ) . In 1858 Mr. and Mrs. Stark performed for one week at Wallack 's Theatre ( 485 Broadway ) , April 5 -- 10 , in The Gamester , The Lady of Lyons , Richelieu , Othello , Hamlet , and The Stranger . From August 20 to September 8 , 1866 , when the same theater ( 485 Broadway ) , managed by George Wood , was called the Broadway Theatre , he acted in Richelieu , The Robbers , Napoleon ( a new play ) , The Stranger , Katherine and Petrucio , The Lady of Lyons , Ingomar , and Pizarro , but the engagement was not profitable . Stark was also popular in Australia . He died in New York City , in poverty and illness , aged 57 years ." }, { "docid": "The_Broken_Man", "title": "", "text": "`` The Broken Man '' is the seventh episode of the sixth season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 57th overall . The episode was written by Bryan Cogman , and directed by Mark Mylod . In this episode , Sandor `` the Hound '' Clegane ( Rory McCann ) has joined the pacifist community of Brother Ray ( Ian McShane ) , a repentant soldier who nursed him back to health after he was left for dead by Arya Stark ( Maisie Williams ) . In the North , Jon Snow ( Kit Harington ) , Sansa Stark ( Sophie Turner ) and Davos Seaworth ( Liam Cunningham ) attempt to unite forces they believe are loyal to House Stark , but find it to be an uphill battle . In King 's Landing , Margaery Tyrell ( Natalie Dormer ) convinces her grandmother ( Diana Rigg ) to leave the capital , and Cersei Lannister ( Lena Headey ) seeks her help to defeat the Faith Militant , but is rejected . In the Riverlands , Jaime Lannister ( Nikolaj Coster-Waldau ) arrives and is unsuccessful in negotiating peace with the Blackfish ( Clive Russell ) . In Braavos , Arya books passage on a ship to Westeros , but is stabbed in the abdomen by the Waif ( Faye Marsay ) . `` The Broken Man '' garnered high praise from critics , who noted the long-awaited return of Sandor Clegane , the introduction of new characters such as Lyanna Mormont , and the siege of Riverrun as highlights of the episode . The title of the episode is a reference to a speech given by Septon Meribald , a character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series , who was also used to create the character of Ray . In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 7.80 million in its initial broadcast . The episode earned a nomination at the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Production Design for a Fantasy Program ." }, { "docid": "Gen._John_Stark_House", "title": "", "text": "The Gen. John Stark House is a historic house museum at 2000 Elm Street in Manchester , New Hampshire . The house , a single-story Cape style farmhouse , was built in 1736 by Archibald Stark . Stark 's son John , a hero of the American Revolutionary War , lived in this house from 1736 to 1765 ; it is where he brought his new bride Molly , and where two of their children were born . Originally located on Canal Street , the house remained in the Stark family until 1821 . It was acquired by the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in 1835 , and used for worker housing . In 1937 the company donated the building to the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution , which restored the property and adapted it for use as a meeting site . It was moved to its present site , which is also on the original 800 acre Stark farm , in 1968 . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 ." }, { "docid": "A_Man_Without_Honor", "title": "", "text": "`` A Man Without Honor '' is the seventh episode of the second season of HBO 's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones . The episode is written by series co-creators David Benioff and D.B. Weiss and directed , for the second time in this season , by David Nutter . It premiered on May 13 , 2012 . The name of the episode comes from Catelyn Stark 's assessment of Ser Jaime Lannister : `` You are a man without honor , '' after he kills a member of his own family to attempt escape ." }, { "docid": "The_Winds_of_Winter_(Game_of_Thrones)", "title": "", "text": "`` The Winds of Winter '' is the tenth and final episode of the sixth season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the sixtieth overall . It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by Miguel Sapochnik . In King 's Landing , Cersei Lannister ( Lena Headey ) sets off wildfire beneath the Great Sept , killing its occupants , including the High Sparrow ( Jonathan Pryce ) and Queen Margaery Tyrell ( Natalie Dormer ) , causing the suicide of King Tommen Baratheon ( Dean-Charles Chapman ) . Cersei subsequently claims the Iron Throne . At the Twins , Arya Stark ( Maisie Williams ) kills Walder Frey ( David Bradley ) . At Winterfell , Jon Snow ( Kit Harington ) is declared King in the North by the lords of the Northern houses , and beyond the Wall , Bran Stark ( Isaac Hempstead-Wright ) learns that Jon is the son of Lyanna Stark . In the Reach , Samwell Tarly ( John Bradley ) arrives at the Citadel , coinciding with their announcement that winter has come . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen ( Emilia Clarke ) begins heading to Westeros alongside Tyrion Lannister ( Peter Dinklage ) , her entire army , the Ironborn loyal to Yara Greyjoy , the Tyrells , the Martells , and her three dragons . `` The Winds of Winter '' received universal acclaim from critics , listing it as one of the series ' best episodes , with Matt Fowler of IGN calling it `` very surprising and satisfying . '' Critics praised the Great Sept explosion , Lena Headey 's performance , Arya 's revenge on the Freys , the resolution to the Tower of Joy flashback , and Daenerys going to Westeros as highlights of the episode . In the United States , the episode achieved a viewership of 8.89 million in its initial broadcast , making it the highest rated episode in the series ' history . It was nominated for several Primetime Emmy Awards , including Headey for Outstanding Supporting Actress , and won for Outstanding Costumes for a Period/Fantasy Series , Limited Series , or Movie ." }, { "docid": "Starks_(surname)", "title": "", "text": "Starks is a surname . Notable persons with that surname include : Argalus Starks , an American politician Carol Starks , an actress Duane Starks , an American football player Edwin Chapin Starks , an American ichthyologist John Starks ( basketball ) John Starks ( drummer ) Llewellyn Starks , an American long jumper Mack Starks , a musician Max Starks , an American football player Scott Starks , an American football player Tony Starks ( born 1970 ) , the pseudonym of American rapper Ghostface Killah" }, { "docid": "Danni_Stark", "title": "", "text": "Danielle `` Danni '' Stark is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours , played by Eliza Szonert . She made her debut during the episode broadcast on 30 November 1993 and remained in the show until 13 November 1996 , with a brief cameo in 2005 as part of the serial 's twentieth anniversary . Danni is Cheryl Stark 's daughter and suffered from diabetes . She had a complex , long-term relationship with Malcolm Kennedy ." }, { "docid": "James_Stark", "title": "", "text": "James Stark may refer to : People James Stark , pseudonym for Robert Conroy Goldston ( b. 1927 ) , American historical writer James Stark ( painter ) ( 1794 -- 1859 ) , English painter James Stark ( footballer ) , Scottish footballer James Stark , 19th-century North American actor James P. Stark ( 1885 -- 1929 ) , British athlete James R. Stark , United States Navy admiral James D. Stark synth-pop artist from Portland , Oregon . Fictional characters James Stark , a vampire in the House of Night series of novels" }, { "docid": "Sabrina_Bartlett", "title": "", "text": "Sabrina Bartlett is a British actress . She is known for playing the part of Sophia in Da Vinci 's Demons In 2016 , Bartlett joined the cast of the HBO series Game of Thrones in the finale of sixth season as a disguise of Arya Stark . She is set to appear as Princess Isabella in the History series Knightfall ." }, { "docid": "Stark_County", "title": "", "text": "Stark County is the name of three US counties : Stark County , Illinois Stark County , North Dakota Stark County , Ohio Starke County , Indiana , despite being spelled slightly differently , is also named for Revolutionary War General John Stark , the same origin as Stark County in the other three states listed above ." }, { "docid": "His_Daughter_is_Called_Peter_(1936_film)", "title": "", "text": "His Daughter is Called Peter ( German : Seine Tochter ist der Peter ) is a 1936 Austrian drama film directed by Heinz Helbig and Willy Schmidt-Gentner and starring Karl Ludwig Diehl , Traudl Stark and Paul Hörbiger . Stark was a child actor , considered a German-speaking answer to Hollywood 's Shirley Temple . The film was remade in 1955 with the same title ." }, { "docid": "Stark_Industries", "title": "", "text": "Stark Industries ( NYSE : SIA , NASDAQ : STRK , fictional ) , later also known as Stark International , Stark Innovations , Stark/Fujikawa , Stark Enterprises and Stark Resilient , is a fictional company appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The company is depicted as being owned and run by businessman Anthony Edward `` Tony '' Stark , also known as Iron Man . It first appeared in Tales of Suspense # 40 ( April 1963 ) and was founded by Tony 's father , Howard Stark . According to Forbes 25 largest fictional companies it had an estimated sales of $ 20.3 billion , ranking it at number 16 . In the Marvel Cinematic Universe , Stark Industries has a logo similar to that of defense contractors Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange as SIA . During the press conference scene , Stark is seen entering a building that resembles the entrance to Lockheed Martin 's Skunk Works facility . An airplane extremely similar to the Lockheed YF-22 stood as a statue in front of the Stark Industries facility , exactly like the prototypes on display at Skunk Works facility in Palmdale , California ." }, { "docid": "Lars_Johan_Stark", "title": "", "text": "Lars Johan Stark ( July 27 , 1826 -- May 5 , 1910 ) was an American farmer , businessman , and politician . Born in Westergotland , Sweden , Stark emigrated to the United States in 1850 and settled in Chisago County , Minnesota Territory in 1852 . Stark was involved with farming and the mercantile business . He lived in Center City , Minnesota . Stark served as postmaster for Stark , Minnesota . In 1865 and in 1875 . Stark served in the Minnesota house of Representatives . His son Edward W. Stark also served in the Minnesota Legislature . In 1868 , he moved to Fish Lake Township , Chisago County , Minnesota and then moved to Harris , Minnesota in 1878 . Stark died in Harris , Minnesota ." }, { "docid": "Stark_effect", "title": "", "text": "The Stark effect is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to presence of an external electric field . The amount of splitting or shifting is called the Stark splitting or Stark shift . In general , one distinguishes first - and second-order Stark effects . The first-order effect is linear in the applied electric field , while the second-order effect is quadratic in the field . The Stark effect is responsible for the pressure broadening ( Stark broadening ) of spectral lines by charged particles . When the split/shifted lines appear in absorption , the effect is called the inverse Stark effect . The Stark effect is the electric analogue of the Zeeman effect where a spectral line is split into several components due to the presence of a magnetic field . The Stark effect can be explained with fully quantum-mechanical approaches , but it has also been a fertile testing ground for semiclassical methods ." }, { "docid": "Edward_W._Stark", "title": "", "text": "Edward W. Stark ( December 5 , 1869 -- January 9 , 1935 ) was an American businessman and politician . Born in Fish Lake Township , Chisago County , Minnesota , Stark was a merchant and lived in Harris , Minnesota . Stark served as Harris village assessor and treasurer . He also served on the Harris school board and was the board clerk . Stark served as probate judge for Chisago County . From 1901 to 1905 , Stark served in the Minnesota House of Representatives and was a Republican . His father Lars Johan Stark also served in the Minnesota State Legislature . From 1925 to 1927 , Stark served as Minnesota State Treasurer . Stark died suddenly in Center City , Minnesota while eating dinner ." }, { "docid": "William_Stark", "title": "", "text": "William Stark may refer to : William Stark ( loyalist ) ( 1724 -- 1776 ) , older brother of Gen. John Stark , the hero of the Battle of Bennington William Ledyard Stark ( 1853 -- 1922 ) , Nebraska Populist politician William Henry Stark ( 1851 -- 1936 ) , industrial leader whose contributions helped the city of Orange , Texas develop financially William Stark ( physician ) ( 1742 -- 1770 ) , English physician and medical pioneer who investigated scurvy by experimenting on himself with fatal consequences Billy Stark ( born 1956 ) , Scottish footballer" } ]
160184	Selene serves as the central character in a film written by Danny McBride in 2001.	[ { "docid": "Underworld_(2003_film)", "title": "", "text": "Underworld is a 2003 action horror film directed by Len Wiseman and written by Danny McBride , based on a story by McBride , Kevin Grevioux , and Wiseman . The film centers on the secret history of vampires and lycans ( an abbreviated form of lycanthrope , which means werewolf ) . It is the first installment in the Underworld franchise . The main plot revolves around Selene ( Kate Beckinsale ) , a vampire Death Dealer hunting Lycans . She finds herself attracted to a human , Michael Corvin ( Scott Speedman ) , who is being targeted by the Lycans . After Michael is bitten by a Lycan , Selene must decide whether to do her duty and kill him or go against her clan and save him . Alongside Beckinsale and Speedman , the film stars Michael Sheen , Shane Brolly , and Bill Nighy . An international co-production between companies from the United Kingdom , Germany , Hungary , and the United States , the film was released on September 19 , 2003 . Upon its release , the film received generally negative reviews from critics , but a smaller number of reviewers praised elements such as the film 's stylish Gothic visuals , the `` icy English composure '' in Kate Beckinsale 's performance , and the extensively worked-out vampire -- werewolf mythology that serves as the film 's backstory . A surprise hit , the film grossed $ 95 million against a production budget of $ 22 million . The film was followed by Underworld : Evolution , released three years later , and by three other films ." }, { "docid": "Selene_(Underworld)", "title": "", "text": "Selene , portrayed by British actress Kate Beckinsale , is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Underworld film series . More specifically , she serves as the central character in the films Underworld ( 2003 ) , Underworld : Evolution ( 2006 ) , Underworld : Awakening ( 2012 ) , and Underworld : Blood Wars ( 2016 ) . Beckinsale 's daughter , Lily Mo Sheen , plays the character as a child in a flashback in Underworld : Evolution . In Underworld : Endless War , Selene is voiced by Canadian voice actress Laura Harris ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Danny_McBride_(writer)", "title": "", "text": "Danny McBride is an American screenwriter . He was one of the three creators of the Underworld film series , and a screenwriter on the first three films . He also had a cameo in the first film as Mason , a vampire loyal to Death Dealer Commander Kahn . His wife , Ildikó Kovács , also appears in the film in photographs of Samantha , the late fiancée of the character Michael Corvin ." }, { "docid": "The_Legacy_of_a_Whitetail_Deer_Hunter", "title": "", "text": "The Legacy of a Whitetail Deer Hunter is an upcoming American comedy film directed by Jody Hill and written by Jody Hill , John Carcieri and Danny McBride . The film stars Danny McBride , Josh Brolin , Scoot McNairy and Montana Jordan ." }, { "docid": "Your_Highness", "title": "", "text": "Your Highness is a 2011 American stoner comic fantasy film directed by David Gordon Green , and stars Danny McBride , James Franco , Natalie Portman , Zooey Deschanel and Justin Theroux . Written by McBride and Ben Best , the film was released on April 8 , 2011 . The film received negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 28 million worldwide against a $ 50 million budget ." }, { "docid": "Daniel_McBride", "title": "", "text": "Daniel or Danny McBride may refer to : Danny McBride ( born 1976 ) , American actor , writer and comedian Danny McBride ( writer ) , American screenwriter and actor Danny McBride ( musician ) ( 1945 -- 2009 ) , American singer-songwriter and guitarist Daniel McBride ( rower ) , 2010 World Rowing Championships Daniel McBride ( born 1993/1994 ) , Sheep , Dog & Wolf ( musician ) , New Zealand musician" }, { "docid": "Danny_Ocean", "title": "", "text": "Daniel `` Danny '' Ocean is a fictional character in the original Ocean 's 11 , its 2001 remake , and the two films that followed the remake ( Ocean 's Twelve in 2004 and Ocean 's Thirteen in 2007 ) . The character was portrayed by Frank Sinatra in the original film , and by George Clooney in the remake trilogy . Danny is the only character that appears in all four Ocean 's films as he is the protagonist of the series ." }, { "docid": "Don_Verdean", "title": "", "text": "Don Verdean is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Jared Hess and written by Jared Hess and Jerusha Hess . The film stars Sam Rockwell , Amy Ryan , Jemaine Clement , Danny McBride , and Will Forte . The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on December 11 , 2015 , by Lionsgate Premiere ." }, { "docid": "Rock_the_Kasbah_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Rock the Kasbah is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Mitch Glazer . The film stars Bill Murray , Bruce Willis , Kate Hudson , Zooey Deschanel , Leem Lubany , Scott Caan , Danny McBride , Kelly Lynch , Arian Moayed , Taylor Kinney , and Beejan Land . The film was released on October 23 , 2015 , by Open Road Films ." }, { "docid": "Aloha_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb ." }, { "docid": "Hell_and_Back_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Hell and Back is a 2015 American stop-motion adult animated fantasy comedy film directed by Tom Gianas and Ross Shuman , and written by Gianas , Hugh Sterbakov , and Zeb Wells . It stars the voices of Nick Swardson , Mila Kunis , Bob Odenkirk , T.J. Miller , Rob Riggle , Susan Sarandon , and Danny McBride . The film was released October 2 , 2015 by Freestyle Releasing ." }, { "docid": "Clear_History", "title": "", "text": "Clear History is an American HBO comedy film written by Larry David , Alec Berg , David Mandel and Jeff Schaffer , directed by Greg Mottola and starring Larry David , Kate Hudson , Danny McBride , Philip Baker Hall , Jon Hamm , Michael Keaton , Eva Mendes , Amy Ryan , Bill Hader and J. B. Smoove . The film was released on August 10 , 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Up_in_the_Air_(2009_film)", "title": "", "text": "Up in the Air is a 2009 American comedy-drama film directed by Jason Reitman and written by Reitman and Sheldon Turner , based on the 2001 novel of the same name , written by Walter Kirn . The story is centered on corporate `` downsizer '' Ryan Bingham ( George Clooney ) and his travels . Vera Farmiga , Anna Kendrick and Danny McBride also star . Filming was primarily in St. Louis , Missouri , which substituted for a number of other cities . Several scenes were filmed in Detroit , Omaha , Las Vegas and Miami . Reitman promoted Up in the Air with personal appearances at film festivals and other showings , starting with the Telluride Film Festival on September 5 , 2009 . The Los Angeles premiere was at the Mann Village Theater on November 30 , 2009 . Paramount scheduled a limited North American release on December 4 , 2009 , broadening the release on December 11 , 2009 , with a wide release on December 23 , 2009 . The National Board of Review and the Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association named Up in the Air the Best Picture of 2009 . It received eight Broadcast Film Critics Association nominations and garnered a win for Adapted Screenplay , six Golden Globe nominations , earning a win for Best Screenplay , and three Screen Actors Guild nominations . It received six Academy Award nominations , but did not win in any category , and also received recognition from numerous critics ' associations ." }, { "docid": "BP_Cooper", "title": "", "text": "BP Cooper is an American screenwriter , film and commercial producer . He is best known for co-writing and producing the hit indie film Time Lapse , directed by Bradley D. King and starring Danielle Panabaker . In commercials he produced the AT&T `` It 's Not Complicated '' campaign directed by Jorma Taccone and starring SNL actor Beck Bennet where he interviews kids . Cooper also produced the K-Swiss campaign starring Danny McBride 's fictional character of Kenny Powers as the disruptive CEO of the company ." }, { "docid": "The_Heartbreak_Kid_(2007_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Heartbreak Kid is a 2007 romantic comedy film directed by the Farrelly brothers . Starring Ben Stiller , it is a remake of the 1972 film of the same name . The film was originally titled The Seven Day Itch , but Peter Farrelly revealed the filmmakers lost a lawsuit over the name ; after attempts to find another title and suggestions of several other possible titles , the studio had them use the title The Heartbreak Kid . Also starring are Michelle Monaghan , Malin Åkerman , Jerry Stiller , Rob Corddry , Carlos Mencia , Scott Wilson and Danny McBride . The screenplay for the 2007 film was written by Leslie Dixon , Scot Armstrong , the Farrelly brothers and Kevin Barnett ." }, { "docid": "Bryan_McBride", "title": "", "text": "Bryan McBride may refer to : Bryan McBride , character in Lost Treasure ( film ) played by Stephen Baldwin Bryan McBride ( athlete ) in 2012 NACAC Under-23 Championships in Athletics -- Results" }, { "docid": "Wiener-Dog_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Wiener-Dog is a 2016 American dark comedy-drama film directed and written by Todd Solondz . Starring an ensemble cast led by Ellen Burstyn , Kieran Culkin , Julie Delpy , Danny DeVito , Greta Gerwig , Tracy Letts , and Zosia Mamet , the film serves as a spin-off from Solondz 's 1995 film Welcome to the Dollhouse , which also features the character of Dawn Wiener . The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , 2016 . before receiving a limited release on June 24 , 2016 , by Amazon Studios and IFC Films ." }, { "docid": "Land_of_the_Lost_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Land of the Lost is a 2009 American adventure comedy film directed by Brad Silberling , produced by Sid and Marty Krofft and Jimmy Miller , written by Chris Henchy and Dennis McNicholas , distributed by Universal Pictures , co-produced by Relativity Media , Sid & Marty Krofft Pictures and Mosaic Media Group and starring Will Ferrell , Danny McBride and Anna Friel , loosely based on the 1974 Sid and Marty Krofft television series of the same name . The film was theatrically released on June 5 , 2009 by Universal Pictures . The film received generally negative reviews from critics and earned $ 68.8 million on a $ 100 million budget , making it a box office bomb . It received a Golden Raspberry Award and was nominated for six more , including Worst Picture . The DVD was released on October 13 , 2009 , with sales reaching $ 20,286,563 as of August 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Danny_Miller", "title": "", "text": "Danny Miller may refer to : Danny Miller ( actor ) , known for his role as Aaron Livesy in British soap opera Emmerdale Danny Miller ( economist ) ( born 1947 ) , Canadian organizational theorist Danny Miller ( radio producer ) , co-executive producer of Fresh Air Danny Miller ( Britannia High ) , fictional character played by Mitch Hewer Danny Miller , fictional character in Pat Barker 's novel Border Crossing Danny Miller , fictional stage producer in the musical film Down to Earth Danny Miller , fictional character in the 1929 film Glorifying the American Girl" }, { "docid": "Alien:_Covenant", "title": "", "text": "Alien : Covenant is a 2017 American science fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott and written by John Logan and Dante Harper , with a story by Michael Green and Jack Paglen . The film is a sequel to the 2012 film Prometheus , the second installment in the Alien prequel series , and the sixth installment overall in the Alien film series , as well as the third directed by Scott . The film stars Michael Fassbender , Katherine Waterston , Billy Crudup , Danny McBride , Carmen Ejogo and Demián Bichir , and follows the crew of a ship who land on an uncharted planet and make a terrifying discovery . Alien : Covenant premiered in London on May 4 , 2017 and was released in the United States on May 19 , 2017 . The film received generally positive reviews , with most critics praising Fassbender 's dual performance , and noting it as a return to form for both director Ridley Scott and the franchise . It has grossed $ 162 million worldwide ." }, { "docid": "Sausage_Party", "title": "", "text": "Sausage Party is a 2016 adult computer-animated comedy film directed by Greg Tiernan and Conrad Vernon and written by Kyle Hunter , Ariel Shaffir , Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg . It stars the voices of Seth Rogen , Kristen Wiig , Jonah Hill , Bill Hader , Michael Cera , James Franco , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Paul Rudd , Nick Kroll , David Krumholtz , Edward Norton , and Salma Hayek . It is the first CGI-animated film to be rated R by the MPAA . A spoof of Disney and Pixar films , it follows a sausage who tries to discover the truth about his existence and goes on a journey with his friends to escape their fate . The film 's rough cut premiered on March 14 , 2016 at South by Southwest and the film was theatrically released in the United States and Canada on August 12 , 2016 by Columbia Pictures . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed more than $ 140 million ." }, { "docid": "Zeroville_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Zeroville is an upcoming American comedy-drama film directed by James Franco , based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Steve Erickson . The film stars Franco , Seth Rogen , Jacki Weaver , Megan Fox , Will Ferrell and Danny McBride . Filming began on October 24 , 2014 , in Los Angeles ." }, { "docid": "Broadway_Danny_Rose", "title": "", "text": "Broadway Danny Rose is a 1984 American black-and-white comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen . It follows a hapless theatrical agent who , by helping a client , gets dragged into a love triangle involving the mob . The film stars Allen as the titular character , as well as Mia Farrow , Nick Apollo Forte . Broadway Danny Rose was screened out of competition at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival and received positive reviews from critics . It is considered one of Allen 's stronger efforts , being praised particularly for Farrow 's performance . Joan Lopate , sister of radio host Leonard Lopate and essayist Phillip Lopate , was the art department coordinator for the film ." }, { "docid": "Danny_McBride_(musician)", "title": "", "text": "Daniel McBride aka Dirty Dan McBride ( November 20 , 1945 -- July 23 , 2009 ) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist ." }, { "docid": "Danny_McBride", "title": "", "text": "Daniel Richard McBride ( born December 29 , 1976 ) is an American actor , writer , and comedian . He is best known for starring in the HBO comedies Eastbound & Down and Vice Principals , both of which he co-created with frequent collaborator Jody Hill . He has also starred in comedy films , such as The Foot Fist Way ( 2006 ) , Hot Rod ( 2007 ) , Pineapple Express ( 2008 ) , Tropic Thunder ( 2008 ) , Land of the Lost ( 2009 ) , Your Highness ( 2011 ) , and This Is the End ( 2013 ) ." }, { "docid": "Heist_(2001_film)", "title": "", "text": "Heist is a 2001 crime film , written and directed by David Mamet , which stars Gene Hackman , Danny DeVito , and Delroy Lindo , with Rebecca Pidgeon , Ricky Jay , and Sam Rockwell in supporting roles ." }, { "docid": "Kenny_Powers_(character)", "title": "", "text": "Kenny Powers is a fictional main character in the HBO television series Eastbound & Down , played by Danny McBride . He is portrayed as a once dominant baseball pitcher , whose poor work ethic , ego , and short temper jeopardized his professional career . In season one , Powers becomes a substitute physical education teacher who is attempting to make a return to Major League Baseball . His name was inspired by a real life American automotive stuntman in the 1970s of the same name ." }, { "docid": "The_Angry_Birds_Movie", "title": "", "text": "The Angry Birds Movie ( or simply Angry Birds ) is a 2016 3D computer-animated comedy film based on the video game series of the same name , but it can also be interpreted to be a direct prequel to , or origin story behind the original game . Produced by Rovio Animation , it was animated by Sony Pictures Imageworks . It was directed by Clay Kaytis and Fergal Reilly in their directorial debuts , and written by Jon Vitti . The film stars Jason Sudeikis , Josh Gad , Danny McBride , Maya Rudolph , Kate McKinnon , Sean Penn , Tony Hale , Keegan-Michael Key , Bill Hader and Peter Dinklage . The Angry Birds Movie was released in the United States on May 20 , 2016 , and received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $ 349 million . A sequel is scheduled to be released on September 20 , 2019 ." }, { "docid": "There_You_Are_(Martina_McBride_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` There You Are '' is a song written by Ed Hill , Mark D. Sanders and Bob DiPiero , and recorded by American country music artist Martina McBride . It was released in May 2000 as the third single from her album Emotion . The song was McBride 's twelfth Top Ten hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks , and was her first Top 20 hit on the U.S. Adult Contemporary charts . In 2001 , it was included as a track on McBride 's Greatest Hits album ." }, { "docid": "The_Foot_Fist_Way", "title": "", "text": "The Foot Fist Way is a 2006 American low-budget martial arts black comedy film directed by Jody Hill and starring Danny McBride . The film was produced by Gary Sanchez Productions that picked up distribution rights to the film and hoped for it to achieve a Napoleon Dynamite-like success . It premiered in 2006 at the Los Angeles Film Festival and at Sundance ." }, { "docid": "Apaches_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Apaches is a Public Information Film ( PIF ) made in the United Kingdom in 1977 . Produced by the Central Office of Information ( COI ) for the Health and Safety Executive ( HSE ) , it was shown extensively in the Southern , Westward and Anglia regions , before being shown either on film or videocassette in primary schools . It was shot on 16mm film at a Home Counties farm in February 1977 , and child actors were selected from a school in Maidenhead , Berkshire . The 26-minute-long film deals with the subject of the dangers to children on farms , and has been seen in schools all over Britain , as well as Canada , Australia and the United States . The timeframe of the film is somewhat confusing , giving a surreal feeling to the events portrayed . The film was directed by John Mackenzie , written by Neville Smith and produced by John Arnold and Leon Clore . Apaches is now one of the most notorious public information films of all time . The film , which dovetails the narrative conventions of the western with PIFs , follows the misadventures of a group of six young children ( Kim , Sharon , Michael , Danny , Tom and Robert ) in a rural British village , who enjoy playing on a nearby farm . Throughout the film the children play at being `` Apache warriors '' , hence the film 's title . All but one die in various shocking accidents , largely due to the children 's carelessness , suggesting that the children would still be alive if they had known what dangers lay ahead . It is narrated in-character by Danny ( Robbie Oubridge ) ." }, { "docid": "Horror_Vision", "title": "", "text": "Horror Vision is a 2001 horror film directed by Danny Draven and produced by Chuck Williams . The story for the movie was written by JR Bookwalter and the screenplay was written by Scott Phillips ." } ]
228921	Pulp Fiction is an American black comedy neo-noir film released in 1994.	[ { "docid": "Pulp_Fiction", "title": "", "text": "Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American black comedy neo-noir crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino , from a story by Tarantino and Roger Avary . Directed in a highly stylized manner , Pulp Fiction connects the intersecting storylines of Los Angeles mobsters , fringe players , small-time criminals , and a mysterious briefcase . The film 's title refers to the pulp magazines and hardboiled crime novels popular during the mid-20th century , known for their graphic violence and punchy dialogue . The screenplay of Pulp Fiction was written in 1992 and 1993 , and incorporated some scenes originally written by Avary for True Romance . Its plot , as in many of Tarantino 's other works , is presented out of chronological order . The film is also self-referential from its opening moments , beginning with a title card that gives two dictionary definitions of `` pulp '' . Considerable screen time is devoted to monologues and casual conversations with eclectic dialogue revealing each character 's perspectives on several subjects , and the film features an ironic combination of humor and strong violence . Its script was reportedly turned down by Columbia TriStar as `` too demented '' . Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein was instantly enthralled with it , however , and the film became the first that Miramax fully financed . Pulp Fiction won the Palme d'Or at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival , and was a major critical and commercial success upon its U.S. release . It revitalized the careers of John Travolta ( who received an Academy Award nomination ) , Samuel L. Jackson , and Uma Thurman . It was also nominated for seven Oscars , including Best Picture ; Tarantino and Avary won for Best Original Screenplay . The nature of its development , marketing , and distribution -- and its consequent profitability -- had a sweeping effect on the field of independent cinema . Since its release , Pulp Fiction has been widely regarded as Tarantino 's masterpiece , with particular praise singled out for its screenwriting . The film 's self-reflexivity , unconventional structure , and extensive use of homage and pastiche have led critics to describe it as a touchstone of postmodern film . It is often considered a cultural watershed , with a strong influence felt not only in later movies that adopted various elements of its style , but in several other media as well . A 2008 Entertainment Weekly poll named it the best film since 1983 , and the work has appeared on many critics ' lists of the greatest films ever made . In 2013 , Pulp Fiction was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Pocket_Listing_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Pocket Listing is a 2016 American neo-noir black comedy film directed by Conor Allyn , written by James Jurdi , and starring Jurdi , Logan Fahey , Caitlin Gerard , Christos Vasilopolous , Jessica Clark , Rob Lowe , and Burt Reynolds . The film was acquired by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Orion Pictures for limited theatrical and video on demand release on December 2 , 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Pulp_noir", "title": "", "text": "Pulp noir is a subgenre influenced by various `` noir '' genres , as well as ( as implied by its name ) pulp fiction genres , particularly the hard-boiled genre which help give rise to film noir . Pulp noir is marked by its use of classic noir techniques , but with urban influences . Various media include film , illustrations , photographs and videogames ." }, { "docid": "Film_noir", "title": "", "text": "Film noir ( -LSB- fɪlm_nwɑɹ -RSB- -LSB- film nwaʁ -RSB- ) is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas , particularly such that emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations . Hollywood 's classical film noir period is generally regarded as extending from the early 1940s to the late 1950s . Film noir of this era is associated with a low-key , black-and-white visual style that has roots in German Expressionist cinematography . Many of the prototypical stories and much of the attitude of classic noir derive from the hardboiled school of crime fiction that emerged in the United States during the Great Depression . The term film noir , French for `` black film '' ( literal ) or `` dark film '' ( closer meaning ) , first applied to Hollywood films by French critic Nino Frank in 1946 , was unrecognized by most American film industry professionals of that era . Cinema historians and critics defined the category retrospectively . Before the notion was widely adopted in the 1970s , many of the classic films noir were referred to as `` melodramas '' . Whether film noir qualifies as a distinct genre is a matter of ongoing debate among scholars . Film noir encompasses a range of plots : the central figure may be a private investigator ( The Big Sleep ) , a plainclothes policeman ( The Big Heat ) , an aging boxer ( The Set-Up ) , a hapless grifter ( Night and the City ) , a law-abiding citizen lured into a life of crime ( Gun Crazy ) , or simply a victim of circumstance ( D.O.A. ) . Although film noir was originally associated with American productions , films now so described have been made around the world . Many pictures released from the 1960s onward share attributes with film noir of the classical period , and often treat its conventions self-referentially . Some refer to such latter-day works as neo-noir . The clichés of film noir have inspired parody since the mid-1940s ." }, { "docid": "Quentin_Tarantino_filmography", "title": "", "text": "Quentin Tarantino is an American director , producer , screenwriter and actor , who , as of 2015 , has directed eight films and written all of them . He began his career in the late 1980s by directing , writing and starring in the black-and-white My Best Friend 's Birthday , a partially lost amateur short film which was never officially released . He impersonated musician Elvis Presley in a small role in the sitcom The Golden Girls ( 1988 ) , and briefly appeared in Eddie Presley ( 1992 ) . As an independent filmmaker , he directed , wrote and appeared in the crime thriller Reservoir Dogs ( 1992 ) , which tells the story of five strangers who team up for a jewelry heist . It proved to be Tarantino 's breakthrough film and was named the `` Greatest Independent Film of all Time '' by Empire . His screenplay for Tony Scott 's True Romance ( 1993 ) was nominated for a Saturn Award . In 1994 , Tarantino wrote and directed the neo-noir black comedy Pulp Fiction , a major critical and commercial success . Cited in the media as a defining film of the modern Hollywood , the film earned Tarantino an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and a Best Director nomination . Also in 1994 , he served as an executive producer for Killing Zoe and wrote two other films . The following year , Tarantino directed The Man from Hollywood , one of the four segments of the anthology film Four Rooms , and an episode of ER , entitled `` The Motherhood '' . He wrote Robert Rodriguez 's From Dusk till Dawn ( 1996 ) -- one of the many collaborations between them -- which attained cult status and spawned several sequels , in which they served as executive producers . His next directorial ventures Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) and Kill Bill ( 2003 -- 04 ) were met with critical acclaim . The latter , a two-part martial arts film ( Volume 1 and Volume 2 ) , follows a former assassin , seeking revenge on her ex-colleagues who attempted to kill her . Tarantino 's direction of `` Grave Danger '' , a CSI : Crime Scene Investigation episode , garnered him a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series nomination . He directed a scene in Frank Miller and Rodriguez 's Sin City ( 2005 ) . Tarantino and Rodriguez later collaborated in the double feature Grindhouse ( 2007 ) ; he directed the segment Death Proof . He next penned and directed the war film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) , a fictionalized account of the Nazi occupation of France during World War II . The critically and commercially successful film earned Tarantino two nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards -- Best Director and Best Original Screenplay . His greatest commercial success came with the 2012 western film Django Unchained , earning $ 425.4 million worldwide ; it also won him another Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . He then wrote and directed another commercially successful western film The Hateful Eight ( 2015 ) , whose screenplay was nominated for a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award ." }, { "docid": "Kiss_Kiss_Bang_Bang", "title": "", "text": "Kiss Kiss Bang Bang is a 2005 American neo-noir black comedy crime film written and directed by Shane Black , and starring Robert Downey , Jr. , Val Kilmer , Michelle Monaghan and Corbin Bernsen . The script is partially based on the Brett Halliday novel Bodies Are Where You Find Them , and interprets the classic hardboiled literary genre in a tongue-in-cheek fashion . The film was produced by Joel Silver , with Susan Downey ( credited as Susan Levin ) and Steve Richards as executive producers . Shot in Los Angeles between February 24 and May 3 , 2004 , the film debuted at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival on May 14 , and received a limited release in cinemas on October 21 , 2005 ." }, { "docid": "The_Nice_Guys", "title": "", "text": "The Nice Guys is a 2016 American neo-noir action comedy film directed by Shane Black and written by Black and Anthony Bagarozzi . The film stars Russell Crowe , Ryan Gosling , Angourie Rice , Matt Bomer , Margaret Qualley , Keith David and Kim Basinger . Set in Los Angeles , 1977 , the film focuses on a private eye ( Gosling ) and a tough enforcer ( Crowe ) who team up to investigate the disappearance of a teenage girl . The Nice Guys premiered on May 15 , 2016 , at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. . Pictures in the United States on May 20 , 2016 . It received positive reviews from critics but grossed just $ 57 million against its $ 50 million budget ." }, { "docid": "Alien_Nation_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Alien Nation is a 1988 American buddy cop neo-noir science fiction action film directed by Graham Baker . The ensemble cast features James Caan , Mandy Patinkin and Terence Stamp . The film depicts the assimilation of the `` Newcomers '' , an alien race settling in Los Angeles , much to the initial dismay of the local population . The plot integrates the neo-noir and buddy cop film genres with a science fiction theme , centering on a union between a veteran police investigator ( Caan ) and an extraterrestrial ( Patinkin ) ; the first Newcomer detective . The duo probe a criminal underworld attempting to solve a homicide . The film was a co-production between American Entertainment Partners and 20th Century Fox , which distributed it theatrically . Alien Nation explores murder , discrimination and science fiction . Alien Nation was released in the United States on October 7 , 1988 , and grossed over $ 32 million worldwide , becoming a moderate financial success . The film was met with mixed critical reviews before its theatrical release , although it has since gained a cult following . Its initial popularity inaugurated the beginning of the Alien Nation media franchise . The motion picture spawned a short-lived television series , five television films , a set of comic books , as well as a number of novels , all in an attempt to continue the character development surrounding the fictional alien culture ." }, { "docid": "Kevin_Spacey", "title": "", "text": "Kevin Spacey Fowler , KBE ( born July 26 , 1959 ) , better known as Kevin Spacey , is an American actor , film director , producer , screenwriter , and singer . He began his career as a stage actor during the 1980s before obtaining supporting roles in film and television . He gained critical acclaim in the early 1990s that culminated in his first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the neo-noir crime thriller The Usual Suspects ( 1995 ) , and an Academy Award for Best Actor for midlife crisis-themed drama American Beauty ( 1999 ) . His other starring roles have included the comedy-drama film Swimming with Sharks ( 1994 ) , psychological thriller Seven ( 1995 ) , the neo-noir crime film L.A. Confidential ( 1997 ) , the drama Pay It Forward ( 2000 ) , the science fiction-mystery film K-PAX ( 2001 ) , and the role of Lex Luthor in the superhero film Superman Returns ( 2006 ) . In Broadway theatre , Spacey won a Tony Award for his role in Lost in Yonkers . He was the artistic director of the Old Vic theatre in London from 2004 until stepping down in mid-2015 . Since 2013 , Spacey has played Frank Underwood in the Netflix political drama series House of Cards . For his role as Underwood , he has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Television Series Drama and two consecutive Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series ." }, { "docid": "Neo-noir", "title": "", "text": "Neo-noir ( English : New-black ; from the Greek neo , new ; and the French noir , black ) is a style often seen in modern motion pictures and other forms that prominently use elements of film noir , a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas , but with updated themes , content , style , visual elements or media that were absent in film noir of the 1940s and 1950s ." }, { "docid": "Quentin_Tarantino", "title": "", "text": "Quentin Jerome Tarantino ( -LSB- ˌtærənˈtiːnoʊ -RSB- born March 27 , 1963 ) is an American director , writer , and actor . His films are characterized by nonlinear storylines , satirical subject matter , an aestheticization of violence , extended scenes of dialogue , ensemble casts consisting of established and lesser-known performers , references to popular culture , soundtracks primarily containing songs and score pieces from the 1960s to the 1980s , and features of neo-noir film . He is widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers of his generation . His career began in the late 1980s , when he wrote and directed My Best Friend 's Birthday , the screenplay of which formed the basis for True Romance . In the early 1990s , he began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of Reservoir Dogs in 1992 ; regarded as a classic and cult hit , it was called the `` Greatest Independent Film of All Time '' by Empire . Its popularity was boosted by his second film , Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences . Judged the greatest film from 1983 -- 2008 by Entertainment Weekly , many critics and scholars have named it one of the most significant works of modern cinema . For his next effort , Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch . Kill Bill , a highly stylized `` revenge flick '' in the cinematic traditions of Kung fu films , Japanese martial arts , Spaghetti Westerns and Italian horror , followed six years later , and was released as two films : Volume 1 in 2003 and Volume 2 in 2004 . Tarantino directed Death Proof ( 2007 ) as part of a double feature with friend Robert Rodriguez , under the collective title Grindhouse . His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds , which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany 's political leadership , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . After that came 2012 's critically acclaimed Django Unchained , a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South . It became the highest-grossing film of his career so far , making over $ 425 million at the box office . His eighth film , the mystery Western The Hateful Eight , was released in its roadshow version December 25 , 2015 , in 70 mm film format , complete with opening `` overture '' and halfway-point intermission , after the fashion of big-budget films of the 1960s and early 1970s . Tarantino 's films have garnered both critical and commercial success . He has received many industry awards , including two Academy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two BAFTA Awards and the Palme d'Or , and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy . He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005 . Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him `` the single most influential director of his generation '' . In December 2015 , Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry ." }, { "docid": "Black_Lizard_(publisher)", "title": "", "text": "Black Lizard was an American book publisher . It was founded in 1984 . A division of the Creative Arts Book Company of Berkeley , California , Black Lizard specialized in presenting rediscovered forgotten classic crime fiction writers and novels from the decades between the 1930s and the 1960s . Creative Arts Book Company was founded by Don Ellis in 1966 . Creative Arts filed for bankruptcy protection in 2003 . Creative Arts was best known for its Black Lizard imprint . Founded and edited by writer Barry Gifford , Black Lizard released over ninety books between 1984 and 1990 , including reprints of classic novels by Charles Willeford , David Goodis , Peter Rabe , Harry Whittington , Dan J. Marlowe , Charles Williams , and Lionel White , as well as original novels by Barry Gifford and Jim Nisbet . Lizard is single-handedly responsible for renewing the interest in pulp master Jim Thompson in the late 1980s , long after his death , which resulted in several film adaptations of his novels . The original series were mass-market paperbacks with covers drawn by Kirwan . Barry Gifford 's relationship with Black Lizard is also sometimes credited with having first applied the term noir fiction to a certain subgenre of hardboiled fiction . Thus , in an introduction written by Gifford to the Black Lizard editions of Jim Thompson 's novels in 1984 , Gifford writes : `` The French seem to appreciate best Thompson 's brand of terror . Roman noir , literally ` black novel , ' is a term reserved especially for novelists such as Thompson , Cornell Woolrich and David Goodis . Only Thompson , however , fulfills the French notion of both noir and maudit , the accursed and self-destructive . It is an unholy picture that Thompson presents . As the British critic Nick Kimberley has written , ` This is a godless world , ' populated by persons ` for whom murder is a casual chore . ' '' Gifford 's use of the term noir in this context resulted in a term that is narrower in scope than that used by the French roman noir as applied to fiction . Random House bought the rights to the Black Lizard name in June 1990 and merged it with Vintage Crime and Vintage Crime/Black Lizard was the result . Many of the originally published books were replaced by mainstream-friendly writers such as Dashiell Hammett , Raymond Chandler , James M. Cain , as well as numerous contemporary authors . The mass-market paperbacks were replaced by trade paperbacks with black-and-white photographs on the covers . Most of the series was reprinted in this new format , but practically all of the books published by Lizard before the merge , with the notable exception of books by Jim Thompson , have been allowed to fall out of print and have remained so since the early 1990s ." }, { "docid": "Josh_Hartnett", "title": "", "text": "Joshua Daniel `` Josh '' Hartnett ( born July 21 , 1978 ) is an American actor and movie producer . He first came to attention in 1997 for his role as Michael Fitzgerald in the television crime drama series Cracker . He made his feature film debut in 1998 in the slasher film Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later , followed by teen roles in films such as the sci-fi horror film The Faculty ( 1998 ) and the drama The Virgin Suicides ( 1999 ) . Hartnett had starring roles in the war film Pearl Harbor , the drama O , the war film Black Hawk Down , the romantic comedy 40 Days and 40 Nights , and other films . He starred in the Brian De Palma -- directed neo-noir crime thriller The Black Dahlia ( 2006 ) . Next , he appeared in the drama Resurrecting the Champ ( 2007 ) , alongside Samuel L. Jackson , the graphic novel -- based vampire horror film 30 Days of Night ( 2007 ) and the neo-noir atmospheric thriller I Come with the Rain ( 2009 ) . From 2014 to 2016 , he starred as Ethan Chandler in the horror TV series Penny Dreadful , for which he was nominated for a Fangoria Chainsaw Award ." }, { "docid": "Jil_Jung_Juk", "title": "", "text": "Jil Jung Juk ( The Good , The Average , The Unworthy ) is a 2016 Indian neo-noir post-apocalyptic black comedy film co-written and directed by Deeraj Vaidy , starring Siddharth , Avinash Raghudevan and Sananth Reddy in the lead roles . The film , which had cinematography by Shreyaas Krishna and music by Vishal Chandrashekhar , was produced by Siddharth and had a theatrical release on 12 February 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Miami_Blues", "title": "", "text": "Miami Blues is a 1990 American neo-noir black comedy crime film based on the novel of the same name by Charles Willeford . It stars Alec Baldwin , Fred Ward , and Jennifer Jason Leigh . It was directed by George Armitage . Ward was also the executive producer ." }, { "docid": "Singapore_Sling_(1990_film)", "title": "", "text": "Singapore Sling : The Man Who Loved a Corpse ( Singapore Sling : Ο Άνθρωπος που Αγάπησε ένα Πτώμα , tr . Singapore Sling : O Anthropos pou Agapise ena Ptoma ) is a 1990 Greek black and white dramatic experimental independent underground art film directed by Nikos Nikolaidis and regarded as his magnum opus . Considered a difficult film to label while still managing to develop something of a cult following throughout the years nonetheless , it was shot in a bizarre manner somewhat resembling film noir or neo-noir and black comedy as well as the exploitation , thriller , and crime genres mixed with some elements of eroticism and horror with sex being used as a power game and received a theatrical release in Greece on 6 December 1990 . Despite Nikolaidis ' career as a film director in his home country which stretches to the early 1960s he was almost entirely unknown outside Greece before the early 1990s and is still less known outside it and it was only with this film , which has immediately achieved cult status , that international fame came to him and it probably still remans the film for which he is best known today , as exemplified by the fact that it was released on DVD by Synapse Films , the only one of Nikolaidis ' films to so far receive a home video release in North America . The film was officially selected for screening at the Rimini Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Miller's_Crossing", "title": "", "text": "Miller 's Crossing is a 1990 American neo-noir gangster film , with elements of black comedy , written , directed and produced by the Coen brothers , and starring Gabriel Byrne , Marcia Gay Harden , John Turturro , Jon Polito , J. E. Freeman , and Albert Finney . The plot concerns a power struggle between two rival gangs and how the protagonist , Tom Reagan ( Byrne ) , plays both sides off against each other . In 2005 , TIME chose Miller 's Crossing as one of the 100 greatest films made since the inception of the periodical . TIME critic Richard Corliss called it a `` noir with a touch so light , the film seems to float on the breeze like the frisbee of a fedora sailing through the forest . ''" }, { "docid": "China_Moon", "title": "", "text": "China Moon is a 1994 American neo-noir film directed by John Bailey and starring Ed Harris , Madeleine Stowe and Benicio del Toro . It was written by Roy Carlson . It was filmed in 1991 but `` shelved '' for three years before its release ." }, { "docid": "Moodar_Koodam", "title": "", "text": "Moodar Koodam ( English : Fools Gathering ) is a 2013 Tamil neo-noir musical black comedy film written , produced and directed by debutante director Naveen . The film stars the director himself alongside newcomers Sendrayan , Rajaji and Kuberan . Oviya , Anupama Kumar and Jayaprakash play other pivotal roles . The film was produced by director Naveen himself under the `` White Shadows Productions '' banner with Pandiraj releasing the movie through his Pasanga Productions . The music is by Natarajan Sankaran . This is a remake of a Korean movie `` Attack the Gas station '' This film received positive reviews ." }, { "docid": "Assassination_of_a_High_School_President", "title": "", "text": "Assassination of a High School President is a 2008 American neo noir comedy film , directed by Brett Simon , written by Tim Calpin and Kevin Jakubowski , and starring Reece Thompson , Bruce Willis , Mischa Barton and Michael Rapaport . It premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival . The film had been scheduled for limited theatrical release on February 27 , 2009 , but that release was postponed indefinitely following the bankruptcy of its distributor , Yari Film Group 's releasing division . It was released on DVD in the United States on October 6 , 2009 ." }, { "docid": "Jack_Nicholson", "title": "", "text": "John Joseph `` Jack '' Nicholson ( born April 22 , 1937 ) is an American actor and filmmaker , who has performed for over 60 years . Nicholson is known for playing a wide range of starring or supporting roles , including satirical comedy , romance and dark portrayals of antiheroes and psychopathic characters . In many of his films , he has played the `` eternal outsider , the sardonic drifter , '' someone who rebels against the social structure . Nicholson 's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy 's history . Nicholson has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice , one for the drama One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1975 ) and the other for the romantic comedy As Good as It Gets ( 1997 ) . He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) . Nicholson is one of three male actors to win three Academy Awards . Nicholson is one of only two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s ; the other is Michael Caine . He has won six Golden Globe Awards , and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001 . In 1994 , he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award . Other films in which he has starred include the road movie Easy Rider ( 1969 ) , the drama Five Easy Pieces ( 1970 ) , the comedy-drama film The Last Detail ( 1973 ) , the neo-noir mystery film Chinatown ( 1974 ) , the drama The Passenger ( 1975 ) , and the epic film Reds ( 1981 ) . He played Jack Torrance in Stanley Kubrick 's horror film The Shining ( 1980 ) , the Joker in Tim Burton 's superhero film Batman ( 1989 ) , and Frank Costello in Martin Scorsese 's neo-noir crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) . Other films include the legal drama A Few Good Men ( 1992 ) , the Sean Penn-directed mystery film The Pledge ( 2001 ) , and the comedy-drama About Schmidt ( 2002 ) ." }, { "docid": "Point_Blank_(1967_film)", "title": "", "text": "Point Blank is a 1967 American neo-noir crime film directed by John Boorman , starring Lee Marvin , co-starring Angie Dickinson , Keenan Wynn and Carroll O'Connor , and adapted from the 1963 crime noir pulp novel The Hunter by Donald E. Westlake , writing as Richard Stark . Boorman directed the film at Marvin 's request and Marvin played a central role in the film 's development . The film was not a box-office success in 1967 , but has since gone on to become a cult classic , eliciting praise from such critics as film historian David Thomson . In 2016 , Point Blank was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress , and selected for preservation in its National Film Registry ." }, { "docid": "Mark_Wahlberg", "title": "", "text": "Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg ( born June 5 , 1971 ) is an American actor , producer , businessman , former model , and rapper . Wahlberg was known as Marky Mark in his early career as frontman for the group Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch , releasing the albums Music for the People and You Got ta Believe . Wahlberg later transitioned to acting , appearing in films such as the drama Boogie Nights and the satirical war comedy-drama Three Kings during the 1990s . In the 2000s , he starred in the biographical disaster drama The Perfect Storm , the science fiction film Planet of the Apes , the heist film The Italian Job , and the Martin Scorsese-directed neo-noir crime drama The Departed , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . In the 2010s , he starred in the action comedy The Other Guys alongside Will Ferrell , the biographical sports drama The Fighter ( for which he earned an Academy Award nomination as a producer for Best Picture ) , the comedy Ted , the war film Lone Survivor , the crime comedy Pain & Gain , the science fiction action film Transformers : Age of Extinction , the disaster film Deepwater Horizon , and the thriller Patriots Day . Wahlberg has also served as executive producer of four HBO series : the comedy-drama Entourage ( 2004 -- 11 ) , the period crime drama Boardwalk Empire ( 2009 -- 14 ) , the comedy-dramas How to Make It in America ( 2010 -- 11 ) and Ballers ( 2015 -- present ) . He is co-owner of the Wahlburgers chain and co-stars in the reality TV series about it . Wahlberg received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on July 29 , 2010 . He is known for his `` tough guy '' action persona , frequently portraying police officers , military personnel , or criminals in his films . He is also known for his collaborations with directors David O. Russell , Michael Bay , and Peter Berg ." }, { "docid": "List_of_film_noir_titles", "title": "", "text": "Film noir is not a clearly defined genre ( see here for details on the characteristics ) . Therefore , the composition of this list may be controversial . To minimize dispute the films included here should preferably feature a footnote linking to a reliable , published source which states that the mentioned film is considered to be a film noir by an expert in this field , e.g. The terms which are used below to subsume various periods and variations of film noir are not definitive and are meant as a navigational aid rather than as critical argument . Because the 1940s and 1950s are universally regarded as the `` classic period '' of American film noir , films released prior to 1940 are listed under the caption `` Precursors / early noir-like films '' . Films released after 1959 should generally only be listed in the list of neo-noir titles ." }, { "docid": "Things_to_Do_in_Denver_When_You're_Dead", "title": "", "text": "Things to Do in Denver When You 're Dead is a 1995 American neo-noir crime film directed by Gary Fleder from a screenplay written by Scott Rosenberg . The film features an ensemble cast that includes Andy García , Christopher Lloyd , Treat Williams , Steve Buscemi , Christopher Walken , Fairuza Balk , and Gabrielle Anwar . The film 's title comes from a Warren Zevon song of the same name , recorded on his 1991 album Mr. Bad Example , which he allowed under the condition that the song be played during the end credits . The lead character 's name , `` Jimmy the Saint , '' comes from the Bruce Springsteen song `` Lost in the Flood '' from the album Greetings from Asbury Park , N.J. It is referred to by critic Jonathan Rosenbaum as one of several of Pulp Fiction 's clones . The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Pulp_fiction", "title": "", "text": "Pulp fiction may refer to : Pulp magazines , short stories presented in a magazine format , printed on cheaply made wood-pulp paper Pulp Fiction , a 1994 film directed by Quentin Tarantino Pulp Fiction ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack album from the film" }, { "docid": "Zift", "title": "", "text": "Zift ( '' Дзифт '' , `` Dzift '' ) is 2008 black-and-white Bulgarian film that combines neo-noir and black comedy with socialist retro motifs ; it is based on Vladislav Todorov 's 2006 eponymous novel who also wrote the script . Zift was directed by Javor Gardev and premiered on 27 June 2008 at the 30th Moscow International Film Festival , where it won a Silver George for Best Director and the Best Film Prize of the Russian Film Clubs Federation . The film stars Zachary Baharov as Moth , the main character who organizes a robbery out of love and money and is imprisoned before the 9 September coup d'état for a murder he did not commit . Moth is released from jail in the 1960s to meet the new and unfamiliar reality of socialist Sofia . Zift '' 's name is derived from the Arabic loanword zift or dzift '' , meaning `` asphalt '' `` bitumen '' or `` black pitch '' , once a popular chewing substance among the gangs in Sofia asphalt jungle ; the word is also claimed to be urban slang for shit ." }, { "docid": "Marvel_Noir", "title": "", "text": "Marvel Noir '' is a 2009-2010 Marvel Comics alternative continuity combining elements of film noir and pulp fiction with the Marvel Universe . The central premise of the mini-series replaces super powers with driven , noir-flavored characterization ." }, { "docid": "Music_from_the_Motion_Picture_Pulp_Fiction", "title": "", "text": "Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction is the soundtrack to Quentin Tarantino 's 1994 film Pulp Fiction . No traditional film score was commissioned for Pulp Fiction . The film contains a mix of American rock and roll , surf music , pop and soul . The soundtrack is equally untraditional , consisting of nine songs from the movie , four tracks of dialogue snippets followed by a song , and three tracks of dialogue alone . Seven songs featured in the movie were not included in the original 41-minute soundtrack . The album reached No. 21 on the Billboard 200 , while Urge Overkill 's cover of the Neil Diamond song `` Girl , You 'll Be a Woman Soon '' peaked at No. 59 on the Billboard Hot 100 ." }, { "docid": "Pretty_Poison_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Pretty Poison is a 1968 psychological thriller/black comedy film directed by Noel Black , starring Anthony Perkins and Tuesday Weld , about an ex-convict and high school cheerleader who commit a series of crimes . While not generally considered an example of neo-noir , the film does include certain elements of the genre , including a femme fatale , a character trapped into circumstances beyond his control , criminal protagonists and , of course , murder . The film was based on the novel She Let Him Continue by Stephen Geller ; this was also the working title of the film . There was a 1996 television film remake with the same title and plot ." }, { "docid": "The_Manchurian_Candidate_(1962_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Manchurian Candidate is a 1962 American black and white neo-noir Cold War suspense thriller , scripted by George Axelrod , from the Richard Condon novel , produced by Axelrod and John Frankenheimer , directed by Frankenheimer , and starring Frank Sinatra , Laurence Harvey , and Janet Leigh ; co-starring are Angela Lansbury , Henry Silva , and James Gregory . The screenplay by Axelrod is largely based on the 1959 novel The Manchurian Candidate by Condon . The Manchurian Candidate concerns the brainwashing of the son of a prominent right-wing political family , who becomes an unwitting assassin in an international communist conspiracy . The film was released in the United States on October 24 , 1962 , at the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis . It was well-received and was nominated for two Academy Awards . The Manchurian Candidate was selected in 1994 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' ." } ]
189236	Dan Aykroyd has received zero Academy Award nominations.	[ { "docid": "Dan_Aykroyd", "title": "", "text": "Daniel Edward `` Dan '' Aykroyd ( born July 1 , 1952 ) is a Canadian-American actor , comedian , producer , voice artist , screenwriter , musician and businessman . He was an original member of the `` Not Ready for Prime Time Players '' on Saturday Night Live ( 1975 -- 1979 ) . A musical sketch he performed with John Belushi on SNL , The Blues Brothers , turned into an actual performing band and then a highly successful 1980 film , also called The Blues Brothers . He conceived and starred in Ghostbusters ( 1984 ) , which spawned a sequel ( Ghostbusters II ) and eventually an entire media franchise . In 1990 , he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in the 1989 film Driving Miss Daisy . He starred in his own sitcom , Soul Man , from 1997 -- 98 . Aykroyd is also a successful businessman , having co-founded the House of Blues chain of music venues and the Crystal Head Vodka brand ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Driving_Miss_Daisy", "title": "", "text": "Driving Miss Daisy is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Bruce Beresford and written by Alfred Uhry , based on Uhry 's play of the same name . The film stars Jessica Tandy , Morgan Freeman , and Dan Aykroyd . Freeman reprised his role from the Original Off-Broadway production . The story defines Daisy and her point of view through a network of relationships and emotions by focusing on her home life , synagogue , friends , family , fears , and concerns over a 25-year period . At the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990 , Driving Miss Daisy received nine nominations , and won the Academy Award for Best Picture , Best Actress ( Jessica Tandy ) , Best Makeup , and Best Adapted Screenplay ." }, { "docid": "List_of_accolades_received_by_Zero_Dark_Thirty", "title": "", "text": "Zero Dark Thirty is a 2012 American action thriller directed and co-produced by Kathryn Bigelow with screenplay by Mark Boal . The film was released in the United States on December 19 , 2012 , with a limited release at five theaters in Los Angeles and New York City . It made $ 124,848 in its limited release weekend , making it one of the biggest limited mid-week openings ever . As of March 6 , 2013 , Zero Dark Thirty has grossed a worldwide total of $ 106.8 million . Zero Dark Thirty also received a high critical acclaim , accumulating an approval rating of 93 % on the review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes . Zero Dark Thirty earned various awards and nominations , with the nominations in categories ranging from recognition of the screenplay to its direction and editing to the cast 's acting performance . It was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actress in a Leading Role , Best Original Screenplay , Best Film Editing , and won for Best Sound Editing ( tied with Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers for Skyfall ) . It was also nominated for four Golden Globes at the 70th Golden Globe Awards , including Best Picture -- Drama , Best Director , Best Screenplay , and won Best Actress -- Drama for Jessica Chastain . The Washington DC Area Film Critics award for Best Director was given to Kathryn Bigelow , the second time the honor has gone to a woman ( the first also being Bigelow for The Hurt Locker ) . The film swept critics groups awards for Best Director and Best Picture including Washington DC , New York , Chicago and Boston film critics associations ." }, { "docid": "Dan_Lemmon", "title": "", "text": "Dan Lemmon is a New Zealand visual effects supervisor . In 2012 , he was nominated for an Academy Award for the movie Rise of the Planet of the Apes . This was in the category of Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , his nomination was shared with Daniel Barrett , Joe Letteri and R. Christopher White . His second nomination was at the 87th Academy Awards for the film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes . His nomination was shared with Joe Letteri , Daniel Barrett and Erik Winquist He received his third nomination ( and first win ) at the 89th Academy Awards for The Jungle Book , together with Robert Legato , Adam Valdez , and Andrew R. Jones ." }, { "docid": "Ghostbusters", "title": "", "text": "Ghostbusters is a 1984 American supernatural comedy film directed and produced by Ivan Reitman and written by Dan Aykroyd and Harold Ramis . The film stars Bill Murray , Aykroyd and Ramis as three eccentric parapsychologists who start a ghost-catching business in New York City . Sigourney Weaver and Rick Moranis co-star as a client and her neighbor , and Ernie Hudson as the Ghostbusters ' first recruit . Aykroyd conceived the film as a project for himself and fellow Saturday Night Live alumnus John Belushi , with the `` Ghostmashers '' travelling through time and space in the future with magic wands . He and Ramis dramatically rewrote the script following Belushi 's death and after Reitman deemed Aykroyd 's initial vision financially impractical . Ghostbusters was released in the United States on June 8 , 1984 . It received a positive response from critics and audiences and grossed $ 242 million in the United States and more than $ 295 million worldwide . It was nominated for two Oscars at the 57th Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects and Best Original Song ( for the eponymous theme song ) , but lost to Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and The Woman in Red respectively . The American Film Institute ranked Ghostbusters 28th in its AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs list of film comedies . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . The film launched the Ghostbusters media franchise , which includes a 1989 sequel , Ghostbusters II , two animated television series , The Real Ghostbusters and Extreme Ghostbusters and several video games . A reboot , also titled Ghostbusters , was released on July 15 , 2016 , by Columbia Pictures ." }, { "docid": "Dan_Futterman", "title": "", "text": "Daniel Paul `` Dan '' Futterman ( born June 8 , 1967 ) is an American actor and screenwriter . Futterman wrote the screenplay for the film Capote , for which he received an Academy Award nomination , and Independent Spirit , Boston Society of Film Critics , and Los Angeles Film Critics Association awards . He received a second Academy Award nomination for co-writing the script to Foxcatcher in 2014 . Futterman is also known for several high-profile acting roles , including Val Goldman in the film The Birdcage , and Vincent Gray on the CBS television series Judging Amy ." }, { "docid": "1984_MTV_Video_Music_Awards", "title": "", "text": "The 1984 MTV Video Music Awards aired live on September 14 , 1984 , honoring the best music videos from May 2 , 1983 , to May 2 , 1984 . The show was hosted by Dan Aykroyd and Bette Midler at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City . Herbie Hancock was the night 's biggest winner , taking home five awards , followed by Michael Jackson , who won three . The night 's main award , though , went to The Cars for `` You Might Think , '' making this the first of a very small number of times in which the winner of Video of the Year did not take home any other awards that night . In terms of nominations , Hancock 's `` Rockit '' and The Police 's `` Every Breath You Take '' were the year 's most nominated videos , with each receiving eight nominations apiece . Meanwhile , the most nominated artist of 1984 was Cyndi Lauper , who aside from winning the Best Female Video Moonman received nine nominations that year for two of her videos : six for `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' and three for `` Time After Time . '' Other major nominees that night included the aforementioned Michael Jackson and The Cars , both of whom received six nominations for their videos `` Thriller '' and `` You Might Think , '' respectively ; ZZ Top , who also received six nominations between their videos for `` Legs , '' `` Sharp Dressed Man , '' and `` Gim me All Your Lovin ' ; '' and Billy Idol , who got five nominations for `` Dancing with Myself '' and `` Eyes Without a Face . '' Lastly , David Bowie had four nominations for his `` China Girl '' and `` Modern Love '' videos , and he was also one of the night 's honorees for the Video Vanguard award ." }, { "docid": "Alexandre_Desplat", "title": "", "text": "Alexandre Michel Gérard Desplat ( -LSB- a.lɛk.sɑ̃dʁ dɛs.pla -RSB- ; born 23 August 1961 ) is a French film composer . He has won one Academy Award for his soundtrack to the film The Grand Budapest Hotel , and received seven additional Academy Award nominations , 8 César nominations ( winning three ) , seven BAFTA nominations ( winning two ) , seven Golden Globe Award nominations ( winning one ) , and six Grammy nominations ( winning two ) . Desplat has worked on a variety of Hollywood films , including independent and commercial successes like The Queen , The Golden Compass , The Curious Case of Benjamin Button , The Twilight Saga : New Moon , Fantastic Mr. Fox , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 and Part 2 , The King 's Speech , Moonrise Kingdom , Argo , Rise of the Guardians , Zero Dark Thirty , Godzilla , The Imitation Game , and Unbroken ." }, { "docid": "List_of_actors_nominated_for_two_Academy_Awards_in_the_same_year", "title": "", "text": "The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) ." }, { "docid": "Ghostbusters_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Ghostbusters '' is a song recorded by Ray Parker Jr. as the theme to the film of the same name starring Bill Murray , Dan Aykroyd , Harold Ramis and Ernie Hudson . Debuting at # 68 on June 16 , 1984 , the song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 on August 11 , 1984 , staying there for three weeks , and at number two on the UK Singles Chart on September 16 , 1984 , staying there for three weeks . The song re-entered the UK Top 75 on November 2 , 2008 , at No. 49 . It was nominated at the 57th Academy Awards for Best Original Song , but lost to Stevie Wonder 's `` I Just Called to Say I Love You '' ." }, { "docid": "William_Goldenberg", "title": "", "text": "William Goldenberg ( born November 2 , 1959 ) is an American film editor . He has more than twenty film and television credits since 1992 . He won the Academy Award for Film Editing for the film Argo ( 2012 ) , and has been nominated for The Insider ( 1999 ) , Seabiscuit ( 2003 ) , Zero Dark Thirty ( 2012 ) and The Imitation Game ( 2014 ) . He has also received nominations for nine other editing-related awards . Goldenberg has had an extended , notable collaboration with the director Michael Mann . Goldenberg has been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Laura_Linney", "title": "", "text": "This following is a list of awards and nominations received by Laura Linney . Linney , a three-time Academy Award nominated actress , has been nominated and won numerous awards throughout her career in film , television , and stage . During her career she has received four Emmy Awards , two Golden Globe Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award . Additionally she has been the recipient of three Academy Award nominations and three Tony Award nominations ." }, { "docid": "Dan_Kaufman", "title": "", "text": "Dan Kaufman is a special effects artist who has done films such as District 9 and X-Men : The Last Stand . He was nominated for an Academy Award at the 82nd Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects on the film District 9 . His nomination was shared with Matt Aitken , Robert Habros and Peter Muyzers ." }, { "docid": "List_of_accolades_received_by_Nightcrawler", "title": "", "text": "Nightcrawler is 2014 American thriller film written and directed by Dan Gilroy . The film stars Jake Gyllenhaal as Lou Bloom , a stringer who records violent events late at night in Los Angeles , and sells the footage to a local television news station . Rene Russo , Riz Ahmed , and Bill Paxton feature in supporting roles . The film premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 5 , before receiving a theatrical release on October 31 , distributed by Open Road Films . Nightcrawler earned a worldwide total of $ 50.3 million on a production budget of $ 8.5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 232 reviews and judged 95 percent to be positive . Nightcrawler received awards and nominations in a variety of categories , with particular praise for Gilroy 's screenplay and Gyllenhaal 's performance . At the 87th Academy Awards , Gilroy was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . The film received an additional four nominations at the 68th British Academy Film Awards , three nominations at the 20th Critics ' Choice Awards , one nomination at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards , and one nomination at 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards , but did not win any of them . Nightcrawler did fare better at award ceremonies held by critics ' organizations , particularly the 19th San Diego Film Critics Society Awards , where it won seven out of its nine nominations . These included Best Actor , Best Director , and Best Film . The American Film Institute and the National Board of Review included Nightcrawler in their lists of top ten films of the year ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Boston_Legal", "title": "", "text": "Boston Legal is an American legal dramedy that ran on ABC from October 3 , 2004 , to December 8 , 2008 . The show follows the cases and personal lives of the lawyers of law firm Crane , Pool and Schmidt . The show has been nominated for a variety of awards , including 26 Primetime Emmy Awards , eleven Screen Actors Guild Awards , six Satellite Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , two Producers Guild of America Awards and a Peabody Award . Most of these nominations are for acting , of the show 's ensemble cast numerous actors have received nominations . James Spader has received the most award nominations , 15 in total , while winning 3 . Spader is closely followed by William Shatner , who received a total of 14 nominations , winning 3 awards as well . The crew members with most award nominations are producer and director Bill D'Elia , with six nominations and zero wins , and show creator David E. Kelley , with five nominations and one win . In total Boston Legal has been nominated for 62 awards , and won 14 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Jessica_Chastain", "title": "", "text": "Jessica Chastain is an American actress and film producer . Among her numerous competitive awards , she has won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama and the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress , both for her work in the 2012 film Zero Dark Thirty . She is also a two-time Academy Award nominee and two-time BAFTA Award nominee . Her honorary awards include being the first recipient of the Critics ' Choice MVP Award ." }, { "docid": "Nathan_McGuinness", "title": "", "text": "Nathan McGuinness is a visual effects supervisor who has worked on over 65 films since his start in 1998 . He received a nomination at the 76th Academy Awards in the category of Best Visual Effects for his work on Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World . He shared his nomination with Stefen Fangmeier , Dan Sudick and Robert Stromberg ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Joaquin_Phoenix", "title": "", "text": "The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actor Joaquin Phoenix . For his work as an artist , he has received nominations for three Academy Awards , three British Academy Film Awards , four Screen Actors Guild Awards , five Golden Globe Awards , three Critics Choice Awards , and has won a Golden Globe Award , a Independent Spirit Award , a Grammy Award and awards from the Cannes Film Festival , Venice Film Festival , Los Angeles Film Critics Association and the National Board of Review . He and his late brother River Phoenix hold the distinction of being the first and only brothers to get nominated for acting Academy Awards ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Benedict_Cumberbatch", "title": "", "text": "The following is a list of awards and nominations received by English actor Benedict Cumberbatch . He has earned three Laurence Olivier Award nominations , winning Best Actor in a Play for Frankenstein . He has also received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations , winning Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Sherlock . His portrayal of Alan Turing in The Imitation Game earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor . In addition , he has received six British Academy of Film and Television Arts nominations , five Screen Actors Guild Award nominations and two Golden Globe Award nominations among others . In 2014 , Time magazine included him in its annual Time 100 as one of the `` Most Influential People in the World '' . He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) by Queen Elizabeth II in June 2015 for his services to the performing arts and to charity ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_David_O._Russell", "title": "", "text": "The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American film director , screenwriter and producer David O. Russell . Russell has been nominated for five Academy Awards and four Golden Globes . He has won four Independent Spirit Awards and two BAFTA Awards . He has been nominated for three WGA awards and two DGA awards . Regarding five Academy Award nominations , three for Best Director for The Fighter , Silver Linings Playbook and American Hustle and two for Best Adapted Screenplay for Silver Linings Playbook and American Hustle ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Disturbed", "title": "", "text": "Disturbed is an American rock band which was formed when guitarist Dan Donegan , drummer Mike Wengren and bassist Steve `` Fuzz '' Kmak hired vocalist David Draiman in 1996 . Over the course of its career , Disturbed has earned two Grammy nominations , one Billboard Music Award nomination and one iHeartRadio Music Awards nomination . Overall , Disturbed has received 5 awards from 23 nominations ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Matt_Damon", "title": "", "text": "The following is a List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon throughout his acting career . Damon and Ben Affleck wrote Good Will Hunting ( 1997 ) , a screenplay about a young math genius , which received nine Academy Awards nominations , earning Damon and Affleck Oscars and Golden Globes for Best Screenplay . Damon was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for the same film . Since then he has received dozens of nominations and awards for his work as an actor , screenwriter , and producer ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Bradley_Cooper", "title": "", "text": "American actor and producer Bradley Cooper has received several awards and nominations for his film and theatrical performances . His major nominations include four Academy Awards , two British Academy Film Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , seven MTV Movie Awards , one Producers Guild Award , three Satellite Awards , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and one Tony Award . While Cooper 's film career began in 2001 with the cult film Wet Hot American Summer , his breakthrough performance came in the 2009 comedy The Hangover . Cooper was nominated for an MTV Movie Award and a Satellite Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture . However , Cooper also won a Golden Raspberry Award that same year for his performance in All About Steve . The next two years saw Cooper receive nominations for his performances in various action and comedy films like The A-Team ( 2010 ) , Limitless , and The Hangover Part II ( both in 2011 ) . Cooper began 2012 with a Teen Choice Award nomination for The Words , before playing the role of Pat Solitano in the critically acclaimed romantic comedy-drama Silver Linings Playbook . The film garnered numerous accolades , with Cooper winning an MTV Movie Award , while receiving nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor . The following year , Cooper played the supporting role of Richie DiMaso , in the crime-comedy American Hustle . The film was a critical success , and garnered several accolades . Cooper was nominated for an Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Movie Award , and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor , but did not win any . In 2014 , Cooper received two nominations for his role as Rocket in the superhero film Guardians of the Galaxy . Later that year , he starred in and co-produced the biographical war film American Sniper . Cooper was nominated for an Academy Award and MTV Movie Award for Best Actor , and an Academy Award for Best Picture . With these nominations , Cooper became only the tenth actor in history to receive an Academy Award nomination in three consecutive years . Although Cooper 's roles in the 2015 films Aloha and Joy earned him two additional nominations , his performance as the severely deformed Joseph Merrick in the Broadway revival The Elephant Man garnered more recognition . His performance in The Elephant Man landed him four nominations , including a nod for a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play ." }, { "docid": "Jude_Law", "title": "", "text": "David Jude Heyworth Law ( born 29 December 1972 ) is an English actor . He has received nominations for two Academy Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , three Golden Globe Awards and two British Academy Awards , winning one . In 2007 , he received an Honorary César and was named a Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government . Law came to international attention for his role in Anthony Minghella 's The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , for which he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . In 2004 , he received Academy Award , Golden Globe Award and British Academy Film Award nominations for his role in Anthony Minghella 's epic war film Cold Mountain ( 2003 ) . Law 's other notable films include Gattaca ( 1997 ) , Enemy at the Gates ( 2001 ) , A.I. Artificial Intelligence ( 2001 ) , Road to Perdition ( 2002 ) , Alfie ( 2004 ) , Closer ( 2004 ) , I Heart Huckabees ( 2004 ) , The Holiday ( 2006 ) , Contagion ( 2011 ) , Hugo ( 2011 ) , Anna Karenina ( 2012 ) , Side Effects ( 2013 ) , and The Grand Budapest Hotel ( 2014 ) . He portrayed Dr. Watson in Guy Ritchie 's Sherlock Holmes ( 2009 ) and Sherlock Holmes : A Game of Shadows ( 2011 ) . Law has also had an accomplished career on stage , and has received nominations for three Laurence Olivier Awards and two Tony Awards . He has performed in several West End and Broadway productions ." }, { "docid": "Mark_Boal", "title": "", "text": "Mark Boal ( born January 23 , 1973 ) is an American journalist , screenwriter and film producer . Before he became a prominent figure of cinema , Boal worked as a journalist for such publications as Rolling Stone , The Village Voice , Salon and Playboy . Boal 's 2004 article `` Death and Dishonor '' was adapted for the film In the Valley of Elah , which Boal also co-wrote . In 2009 , he wrote and produced The Hurt Locker , for which he won both the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Academy Award for Best Picture . In 2012 , he wrote and produced Zero Dark Thirty , teaming again with director Kathryn Bigelow , about the tracking and capture of Osama bin Laden . The film earned him Academy Award nominations for Best Original Screenplay and Best Picture and a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay . As of 2013 , Boal has won two Academy Awards ( four nominations ) , a BAFTA Award , two Writers Guild of America Awards , a Producers Guild of America Award and four Golden Globe Award nominations . He has also won several critics awards ." }, { "docid": "Erik_Winquist", "title": "", "text": "Erik Winquist ( born January 2 , 1975 ) is an American visual effects supervisor . Erik Winquist was nominated at the 87th Academy Awards in the category of Best Visual Effects . He was nominated for the film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes . His nomination was shared with Daniel Barrett , Dan Lemmon and Joe Letteri . Which he also received a BAFTA nomination for ." }, { "docid": "Peter_Blais", "title": "", "text": "Peter Blais ( born 1949 ) is a Canadian actor . He has won a Golden Sheaf Award for `` Best Performance - Male '' in The Wager , and in 1999 he was nominated for a Gemini Award for `` Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Supporting Role in a Dramatic Series '' for his work in PSI Factor . Born in Ottawa , Canada , Blais attended Carleton University and joined the campus drama society , where he met Dan Aykroyd . They performed together in several amateur productions during the 1960s . As a stage actor , he is best known for his frequent roles in the plays of George F. Walker , including the role of Viktor in the original production and a 1994 revival of Nothing Sacred and the role of Pete Maxwell in the original production of Love and Anger ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_M.I.A.", "title": "", "text": "M.I.A is an English recording artist , songwriter , painter and director of Tamil descent . Her compositions combine elements of electronic , dance , alternative , hip hop and world music . She has been nominated for various awards including Academy Award , MOBO Award , MTV Video Music Award , MTV Europe Music Award , Grammy Award and the prestigious Mercury Prize . She is the only artist in history to be nominated for an Academy Award , Grammy Award , Brit Award , Mercury Prize and Alternative Turner Prize , and the first artist of Asian descent to be nominated for an Academy and Grammy Award in the same year . Her award-winning career spans 13 years . This is the list of awards and nominations received by her ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Kim_Basinger", "title": "", "text": "The following is a list of awards and nominations received by Kim Basinger , chronicling her achievements in the film industry . Amongst other , Basinger has won an Academy Award , a Golden Globe ( out of two nominations ) , a Screen Actors Guild Award ( out of two nominations ) , an award from the National Board of Review , as well from the Southeastern Film Critics Association . For her lifetime achievements in the cinematic arts , she is a recipient of the Athena Award at Kudzu Film Festival , while has been bestowed two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Her work , however , has earned her additional nominations , such as for the British Academy Film Awards , the People 's Choice Awards , the Saturn Awards ( overall three ) and/or the MTV Movie Awards ( four in total ) ." }, { "docid": "The_Wind_Rises", "title": "", "text": "is a 2013 Japanese animated historical drama film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and animated by Studio Ghibli . It was released by Toho on July 20 , 2013 , in Japan , and by Touchstone Pictures in North America on February 21 , 2014 . The Wind Rises is a fictionalized biopic of Jiro Horikoshi ( 1903 -- 1982 ) , designer of the Mitsubishi A5M fighter aircraft and its successor , the Mitsubishi A6M Zero , used by the Empire of Japan during World War II . The film is adapted from Miyazaki 's manga of the same name , which was in turn loosely based on the 1937 short story The Wind Has Risen by Tatsuo Hori . It was the final film directed by Miyazaki before his retirement in September 2013 . The Wind Rises was the highest-grossing Japanese film in Japan in 2013 and received widespread critical acclaim . It won and was nominated for several awards , including nominations for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film , and the Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year ." }, { "docid": "List_of_accolades_received_by_District_9", "title": "", "text": "District 9 is a 2009 science fiction thriller film directed by Neill Blomkamp . The National Board of Review has named it one of the top 10 independent film of 2009 . It received four Academy Awards nominations , seven British Academy Film Awards nominations , five Broadcast Film Critics Association nominations , and one Golden Globe nomination . It is the fourth film ever nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards for TriStar Pictures ." } ]
81820	Dhool was directed by Dharani.	[ { "docid": "Dhool", "title": "", "text": "Dhool ( Super ) is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language action masala film directed by Dharani . The film featured Jyothika , Vikram and Reemma Sen in the lead roles , while Vivek , Sayaji Shinde , Telangana Sakunthala and Pasupathy among others play supporting roles . The film , produced by A. M. Rathnam at a cost of 7 crore , had music composed by Vidyasagar and released in January 2003 . The film was a commercial success . It was dubbed into Malayalam while being remade in Telugu , Sinhalese , Punjabi , and Bengali.This film is still now considered as cult masala entertainer ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Dharani_(director)", "title": "", "text": "Dharani ( born V. C. Ramani ) is an Indian film director , who primarily directs action-masala films . He is best known for directing the blockbuster films Dhill , Dhool and Ghilli ." }, { "docid": "Dhool_(2011_film)", "title": "", "text": "Dhool is a 2011 Indian Kannada language romantic action film written and directed by Dharani , son of director M. S. Rajashekar making his directorial debut . The film was produced by M. H. Sunil . The film stars Yogesh , Aindrita Ray and Prakash Raj in the lead roles . It was a remake of Tamil hit film , Thiruvilaiyaadal Aarambam directed by Boopathy Pandian and starring Dhanush and Shriya Saran . Prakash Raj reprised his own role from the original version . The film features the soundtrack and original scores composed by V. Harikrishna . , Thiruvilaiyaadal Aarambam was dubbed in Hindi as Super Khiladi Returns and also remade in Telgu as Takkari ( dubbed in Hindi as Meri Ladai ) . The film stars Nitin and Sadha . The film released on 29 April 2011 across Karnataka to positive response . However critics noted that the remake version could not match up to its original Tamil version . Movie was also dubbed in Hindi as Dildaar ." }, { "docid": "Takkari", "title": "", "text": "Takkari is a Telugu film released on 25 November 2007 , directed by Amma Rajashekhar . The film stars Nitin and Sadha . It is a remake of Tamil language film , Thiruvilaiyaadal Aarambam ( dubbed in Hindi as Super Khiladi Returns ) starred Dhanush , Prakash Raj and Shriya in lead Roles . Takkari is dubbed in Hindi as Meri Ladai . The film was also remade in Kannada as Dhool ( Dubbed in Hindi as Dildaar ) in a 2011 written and directed by Dharani , son of director M. S. Rajashekar making his directorial debut . The film was produced by M. H. Sunil . The film stars Dhanush , shriya sharan and Prakash Raj in the lead ." }, { "docid": "Dhool_Parakuthu", "title": "", "text": "Dhool Parakuthu is a 1993 Tamil-language Indian feature film directed by Raja , starring Raghuvaran in lead role ." }, { "docid": "Dharani_Mandala_Madhyadolage", "title": "", "text": "Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage ( ಧರಣ ಮ ಡಲ ಮಧ ಯದ ಳಗ , At the Center of Earth ) is a 1983 Indian Kannada language drama film written and directed by Puttanna Kanagal starring Srinath , Chandrashekar , Ramakrishna , Jai Jagadish and T. N. Seetharam ." }, { "docid": "Dhool_Khurd", "title": "", "text": "Dhool Khurd / du : l hɔ : rd / is a village in Gujrat District of the Pakistani state of Punjab , 6 KM northeast of Gujrat city . This village is situated on Dinga-Gujrat road , right at the edge of the Bhimber creek . Lahore-IslamAbad G.T road is only 1km away from this village . Dhool Khurd got its name from the `` Dhool '' clan of Jat 's . The rest of clans of this village are ; Jat Aaran , Jat Khokhar , Jat Virk , Jat Gondal and a huge number of non-agriculturalists . Dhool Khurd is part of Aadowal union council and has a strong political back ground . Many people from Dhool Khurd are settled abroad in various countries like Saudi Arabia , UAE , UK , Europe , Canada as well as Australia and most of them are operating their own businesses in the field of trade , construction , transport and real-estates . The village is also famous for its highest number of employees in WAPDA . People in this village are helping , friendly and educated . Dhool Khurd has a population of approximately 4000 people with 300 + families ." }, { "docid": "Dharani_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Dharani ( World , Earth ) is a 2015 Tamil film written and directed by Guhan Sambandham and produced by V.G.S Nagendran under the banner of Melody Movies . The film has an ensemble cast , which includes Aari , Ajay Krishna , Elango Kumaravel and Amy Sandra . R. Prakash and Vinoth Gandhi jointly handled the cinematography , while Ensone scored the music for this film . The film which began production in 2009 , released across Tamil Nadu on 30 January 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Dharani_pillar", "title": "", "text": "A dharani pillar or dharani sutra pillar or sutra pillar is a type of stone pillar engraved with dhāraṇī-sūtras or simple dhāraṇī incantations that is found in China . Dharani pillars were usually erected outside Buddhist temples , and became popular during the Tang Dynasty ( 618 -- 907 ) ." }, { "docid": "Qaan_Dhoole", "title": "", "text": "Qaan Dhoole is a town in the southeastern Lower Shabelle ( Shabeellaha Hoose ) region of Somalia ." }, { "docid": "Tangut_dharani_pillars", "title": "", "text": "The Tangut dharani pillars are two stone dharani pillars , with the text of a dhāraṇī-sutra inscribed on them in the Tangut script , which were found in Baoding , Hebei , China in 1962 . The dharani pillars were erected during the middle of the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 -- 1644 ) , in 1502 , and they are the latest known examples of the use of the Tangut script . They are also very rare examples of Tangut monumental inscriptions outside of the area ruled by the Western Xia empire ( 1038 -- 1227 ) . The only other known example of an inscription in the Tangut script that has been found in north China is on the 14th-century Cloud Platform at Juyongguan in Beijing . These pillars indicate that there was a vibrant Tangut community living in Baoding , far from the Tangut homeland in modern Ningxia and Gansu , during the early 16th century , nearly 300 years after the Western Xia was destroyed by the Mongols ." }, { "docid": "Babuijore_Dharani_Dhar_High_School_(H.S)", "title": "", "text": "Babuijore Dharani Dhar High School is held in Babuijore . Rajib had given his own area to establish this school and the school was established in 1953 . In 2011 , the school has permitted for Higher Secondary and the school was renamed as Babuijore Dharani Dhar High School ( H.S ) . Rajib Studio is One one shop nearby Category : High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal Category : Birbhum district Category : Educational institutions established in 1953 Category :1953 establishments in India" }, { "docid": "Jeevana_Teeralu", "title": "", "text": "Jeevana Teeralu ( Telugu : జీవన తీరాలు ) is a 1977 Telugu film directed by G. C. Sekhar and produced by A. Gopala Krishna Reddy . The film stars Krishnam Raju , Vanisri , Jayasudha and Kongara Jaggaiah in the lead roles . The film had musical score by K. Chakravarthy . It is a remake of 1959 Bollywood film Dhool Ka Phool directed by Yash Chopra ." }, { "docid": "The_Great_Dharani_Sutra", "title": "", "text": "`` The Great Dharani Sutra '' ; Muggujeonggwang Daedharanigyeong ) is a scripture of Mahayana Buddhism ." }, { "docid": "Ethirum_Pudhirum", "title": "", "text": "Edhirum Pudhirum எதிரும் புதிரும் is a Tamil movie starring Mammootty , Sangeetha , Napoleon , Manorama and Simran Bagga directed by Dharani under his real name V.C. Ramani ." }, { "docid": "Vemulapalli", "title": "", "text": "Vemulapalli is a village in Yellanur Mandal in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh , India . Its actual name is ` DharaNi vemulapalli ' - `` Dharani Vemulapalli Dhamuna Sakshigaa ''" }, { "docid": "Dhool_Ka_Phool", "title": "", "text": "Dhool Ka Phool is a 1959 Indian Bollywood film . Produced by B. R. Chopra it was directed by BR 's brother Yash Chopra , this being Yash 's first movie as a director , having been an assistant director in BR 's earlier film Naya Daur . The film stars Mala Sinha , Rajendra Kumar , Nanda , Leela Chitnis , Jeevan and Ashok Kumar . Steeped in Nehruvian secularism , the story revolves around a Muslim bringing up an ` illegitimate ' Hindu child and featured classic song , Too Hindu Banega Na Musalman Banega , Insaan Ki Aulaad Hai , Insaan Banega on Manmohan Krishna , who also won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Abdul Rasheed . Besides that Mala Sinha received a nomination for Best Actress and Mukhram Sharma for Best Story . The movie was remade in Telugu as Jeevana Teeralu . In the next film , Dharmputra ( 1961 ) about Hindu fundamentalism , Chopra reverse the theme , as therein a Hindu family brings an illegitimate Muslim child ." }, { "docid": "Haeju_Dharani_Monument", "title": "", "text": "The Haeju Dharani Monument is one of the National Treasures of North Korea . It is located in Haechong-dong , Haeju , North Korea . Similar Dharani pillars are found in China . The stone monument is over 5 meters in height . It has three sections ; the lower two-tiered round plinth has two layers of carved floral leaves along the edges , the middle portion stands on the plinth and the upper portion is made of three-tiered hexagonal stones decreasing upwards in width and in height . The upper portion 's eaves , ridges and top of the roofing stones are slightly bent . Stones in a hexagonal shape on the back side and in the shape of a drum on the front side are sandwiched between the roofing stones ." }, { "docid": "Raja_Ranguski", "title": "", "text": "Raja Ranguski is a Thriller film directed by Dharani Dharan , starring Shirish and Chandini Tamilarasan in the leading roles . The film also stars Anupama Kumar in an important role . The film features music composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja . Chandini plays title role of Ranguski in this film ." }, { "docid": "Kalasipalya", "title": "", "text": "Kalasipalya is a 2004 Indian Kannada romance-action film directed by Om Prakash Rao . It was produced by Ramu under his Ramu Films banner . The film features Darshan and Rakshita in the lead roles . The music is composed by Venkat-Narayan and Sadhu Kokila . The movie remade in Tamil asDhool in 2005 ; directed by Dharani and starring Vikram and Jyothika in the lead roles . It also has several scenes remade in other Tamil films such as Kaakha Kaakha and Arul and even Vaastav : The Reality ." }, { "docid": "Dharani_Dharan", "title": "", "text": "Dharani Dharan is a Tamil film director and screenwriter , working primarily in the Tamil film industry , he made his directorial debut with Burma in 2014 . His second directorial venture Jackson Durai is a Horror Comedy released in 1 July 2016 under Sri Green Productions ." }, { "docid": "Palaivana_Paravaigal", "title": "", "text": "Palaivana Paravaigal ( English : Desert Birds ) is a 1990 Tamil crime film directed by Senthilnathan . The film features Sarath Kumar , Anandaraj , newcomer Udhayan and newcomer Dharani in lead roles . The film , produced by K. S. Srinivasan and K. S. Sivaraman , had musical score by newcomer Ilayagangai and was released on 15 September 1990 ." }, { "docid": "Veede", "title": "", "text": "Veede ( English : Him ) is a 2003 Telugu romantic action comedy film directed by Ravi Raja Pinisetty . This film stars Ravi Teja , Reema Sen , Arti Agarwal , and Sayaji Shinde . The film is a remake of Tamil movie Dhool ( 2002 ) , which was also remade in Sinhala as Ranja , in Punjabi as The Lion of Punjab , and Bengali as Ghatak . The film was dubbed in Hindi as Ek aur Zaalim ." }, { "docid": "Ramesh_Talwar", "title": "", "text": "Ramesh Talwar is an Indian film , theatre , television and film director , co-producer and actor . He is the nephew of the film writer , short story writer and playwright Sagar Sarhadi . Talwar began his career as a child artist in Love in Shimla ( 1958 ) , Dhool Ka Phool ( 1959 ) and Phool aur Kaliyan ( 1960 ) ( Produced by V Shantaram ; directed by Ram Gabale ) which was a National Award winner -- Gold medal for best children 's film . He was Yash Chopra 's assistant director between 1969 and 1979 and directed several films 1977 onwards . He is best known for directing -- Baseraa ( 1981 ) which garnered him a Filmfare Best Director Award nomination and Zamana.He is also known for directing numerous plays in theatre ." }, { "docid": "Manmohan_Krishna", "title": "", "text": "Manmohan Krishna ( 26 February 1922 -- 3 November 1990 ) , often credited as Manmohan , was a popular Indian film actor and director , who worked in Hindi films for four decades , mostly as a character actor . Anchored radio show Cadbury 's Phulwari , a singing contest . He was favourite with the Chopra brothers and played small or big roles in movies , directed and/or produced by them . ` Deewar ' , ` Trishul ' , ` Daag ' , ` Humraz ' , ` Joshila ' , ` Kanoon ' , ` Kala Patthar ' , ` Dhool Ka Phool ' , ` Waqt ' , ` Naya Daur ' etc. , are the examples to prove this . He worked in nearly 250 films , notably Naya Daur ( 1957 ) , Sadhana ( 1958 ) , Waqt ( 1965 ) and Hamraaz ( 1967 ) He won acclaim for his work in Bees Saal Baad ( 1962 ) and won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Abdul Rasheed in Dhool Ka Phool ( 1960 ) , where the song epitomizing Nehruvian secularism , Tu Hindu banega na Musalman banega , insaan ki aulaad hai , insaan banega was picturized on him . Besides this , he also acted in 12 Punjabi films , played a pivotal role in , K. A. Abbas 's Shehar Aur Sapna ( 1963 ) , which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film , and acted in the first Indo-Soviet co-production , Pardesi ( 1957 ) , which was nominated for the Golden Palm at 1958 Cannes Film Festival . Towards his later career he directed , hit film for Yash Raj Films , Noorie ( 1980 ) for which he was also nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Director . He died at Lokmanya Tilak Hospital , Mumbai at the age of 68 in 1990 ." }, { "docid": "Dhill", "title": "", "text": "Dhill ( Guts/Courage ) is a 2001 Tamil action film directed by Dharani . The film stars Vikram and Laila in the lead roles , while Ashish Vidyarthi , Nassar and Vivek play supporting roles . The film 's score and soundtrack are composed by Vidyasagar , while Gopinath handled the camera work . The film released in July 2001 , and won critical acclaim and achieved commercial success ." }, { "docid": "Jackson_Durai", "title": "", "text": "Jackson Durai is a 2016 Tamil-language horror comedy film written and directed by Dharani Dharan , starring Sibiraj , Sathyaraj and Bindu Madhavi in the leading roles , while Karunakaran plays an important role . Featuring music composed by Siddharth Vipin and editing by Vivek Harshan , the film released on 1 July 2016 . The film was dubbed and released in Telugu as Dora ." }, { "docid": "Bangaram_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Bangaram ( English : Gold ) is an Indian Telugu-language film which released on 3 May 2006 and was directed by Tamil director Dharani . This film has Pawan Kalyan in the lead role as the titular character and Meera Chopra , Raja Abel , Reema Sen , Ashutosh Rana , and Mukesh Rishi playing the supporting roles . This was a hit movie latter dubbed in Hindi with the name ` Dushmani - the target '" }, { "docid": "Sradha", "title": "", "text": "Sradha ( Concentration ) is a 2000 Indian Malayalam language action film directed by I. V. Sasi and written by T. Damodaran and Dr. Rajendrababu . The film stars Mohanlal , Shobhana , Abhirami , and Jagathy Sreekumar . It features a musical score and soundtrack composed by Bharadhwaj . The plot follows the investigations of a police squad led by Ganga Prasad ( Mohanlal ) for a terrorist threat in the city . The film was released on 7 July 2000 . It was dubbed and released in Tamil titled Dhool Police ." }, { "docid": "Dhulsiras", "title": "", "text": "Dhool Siras is located in Dwarka , Delhi Sub-City in South-West Delhi . Dhool Siras is an urbanised village as per Delhi Govt 's notification u/s 507 ( No.F .33 / Engg/TP ( DP ) / 11424/94 dt 24.10.1994 ) . It is connected with Dwarka from the North , Bijwasan from the East , Bamnoli from the south and Najafgarh from the West . The nearest Railway-Station is Bijwasan , and nearest Metro-Station is Sector-10 , Dwarka . There is only one MCD primary school . Senior students have to go to other nearby schools for their studies . It has a total area of 72 acre surrounded by a `` Lal Dora '' road . The settlement of Dhool Siras dates back to around 1100 AD , after separating from village Bharthal . More than 65 % of the people are Jats and 30 % are Jatav ( Dalit ) . It is one of the most peaceful places in Delhi with very low crime rate . Total voters in village are about 1750 . Lately government notifications have notified that a second Diplomatic Enclave to house several Embassies and Foreign Missions shall be allotted around the village which is located in Sector 24 of Dwarka sub-city . A Convention Centre , A mall and a Golf course are also planned around the village ." }, { "docid": "Anbu_Sangili", "title": "", "text": "Anbu Sangili ( English : Chain of Love ) is a 1991 Tamil drama film directed by B. Nithyaraj . The film features Anand Babu and Shamili in lead roles , with Udhayan , newcomer Subisha , Dharani , Uday Prakash , Senthil , Chinni Jayanth and Vivek playing supporting roles . The film , produced by K. S. Srinivasan and K. S. Sivaraman , had musical score by Ilayagangai and was released on 30 August 1991 ." } ]
74077	Watchmen was number 91 on The Comics Journals list of the top 100 comics of the 20th century that was published in 2001.	[ { "docid": "Watchmen", "title": "", "text": "Watchmen is an American comic-book limited series published by DC Comics in 1986 and 1987 , and collected in 1987 . The series was created by a British collaboration consisting of writer Alan Moore , artist Dave Gibbons , and colorist John Higgins . Watchmen originated from a story proposal Moore submitted to DC featuring superhero characters that the company had acquired from Charlton Comics . As Moore 's proposed story would have left many of the characters unusable for future stories , managing editor Dick Giordano convinced Moore to create original characters instead . Moore used the story as a means to reflect contemporary anxieties and to deconstruct and parody the superhero concept . Watchmen depicts an alternate history where superheroes emerged in the 1940s and 1960s and their presence changed history so that the United States won the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal was never exposed . In 1985 , the country is edging toward World War III with the Soviet Union , freelance costumed vigilantes have been outlawed and most former superheroes are in retirement or working for the government . The story focuses on the personal development and moral struggles of the protagonists as an investigation into the murder of a government-sponsored superhero pulls them out of retirement . Creatively , the focus of Watchmen is on its structure . Gibbons used a nine-panel grid layout throughout the series and added recurring symbols such as a blood-stained smiley face . All but the last issue feature supplemental fictional documents that add to the series ' backstory , and the narrative is intertwined with that of another story , an in-story pirate comic titled Tales of the Black Freighter , which one of the characters reads . Structured , at times , as a nonlinear narrative , the story skips through space , time and plot . In the same manner , entire scenes and dialogue have parallels with others through synchronicity , coincidence and repeated imagery . A commercial success , Watchmen has received critical acclaim both in the comics and mainstream press , and is considered by several critics and reviewers to be one of the most significant works of 20th-century literature . Watchmen was recognized in Times List of the 100 Best Novels as one of the best English language novels published since 1923 , and placed # 91 on The Comics Journals list of the top 100 comics of the 20th century . The BBC described it as `` The moment comic books grew up . '' After a number of attempts to adapt the series into a feature film , director Zack Snyder 's Watchmen was released in 2009 . A video game series , Watchmen : The End Is Nigh , was released in the same year to coincide with the film 's release . In 2012 , DC Comics published Before Watchmen , a comic-book series acting as a prequel to the original Watchmen series , without Moore and Gibbons ' involvement ." }, { "docid": "Time's_List_of_the_100_Best_Novels", "title": "", "text": "Time 's List of the 100 Best Novels '' ' is an unranked list of the 100 best novels -- and ten best graphic novels -- published in the English language between 1923 and 2005 . The list was compiled by Time Magazine critics Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo . The list only includes works between 1923 ( when Time was first published ) and 2005 ( when the list was compiled ) . As a result , notable books such as Ulysses by James Joyce -- published before 1923 -- were ineligible for inclusion.Watchmen '' ( 1986 ) by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons appears on both the 100 Best Novels and 10 Best Graphic Novels lists , giving the combined lists 109 entries ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Ozymandias_(comics)", "title": "", "text": "Ozymandias ( -LSB- ˌɒziˈmændiəs -RSB- ; real name Adrian Alexander Veidt ) is a fictional character in the acclaimed graphic novel miniseries Watchmen by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons , published by DC Comics . Named Ozymandias in the manner of Ramesses II , he is a modified version of the comic book character Peter Cannon , Thunderbolt from Charlton Comics . His name recalls the famous poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley , which takes as its theme the fleeting nature of empire and is excerpted as the epigraph of one of the chapters of Watchmen . Ozymandias is ranked number 25 on Wizard 's Top 200 Comic Book Characters list and number 21 on IGN 's Top 100 Villains list ." }, { "docid": "Nite_Owl", "title": "", "text": "Nite Owl is the name of two fictional superheroes in the comic book limited series Watchmen by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons and published by DC Comics . The duo are modified analogues of the first two Blue Beetle characters ( The second Nite Owl 's background detail is created to parody Clark Kent ) created for Fox Feature Syndicate and later sold to Charlton Comics . The second Nite Owl parodies the appearance of the iconic popular superhero Batman while the first parodies The Phantom . The second Nite Owl received a four-part miniseries as part of the Before Watchmen prequel franchise , and made it to number 115 on Wizard 's Top 200 Comic Book Characters list ." }, { "docid": "Minutemen_(comics)", "title": "", "text": "Minutemen in comics may refer to : Minutemen ( Watchmen ) , a team of comic book characters found in Alan Moore 's Watchmen Before Watchmen : Minutemen , a comic book series by Darwyn Cooke Minute-Man , a comic book superhero appearing in Fawcett Comics and DC Comics The Minutemen ( 100 Bullets ) , fictional characters in the 100 Bullets comic series" }, { "docid": "100_Greatest_Marvels_of_All_Time", "title": "", "text": "The 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time was a series of trade paperbacks published in 2001 by Marvel Comics . Earlier in the year , the publisher had held a poll asking readers to vote on their favorite issues of Marvel comic book series . The top 25 issues were then reprinted in trade paperback form , with a list in the back of each volume listing the results of the poll from the 100th issue to the last issue contained in that particular volume . Numbers 25 to 6 were published in volumes one through five , each of which contained four issues . The top five issues were each reprinted in their own volumes ( volumes six through ten ) ." }, { "docid": "Production_of_Watchmen", "title": "", "text": "Watchmen is a 2009 film based on the twelve-issue graphic novel series of the same name created by writer Alan Moore , artist Dave Gibbons , and colorist John Higgins , published by DC Comics between 1986 and 1987 . The graphic novel 's film rights were acquired by producer Lawrence Gordon in 1986 . Many problems halted the adaptation 's development , with four different studios and various directors and screenwriters being attached to the project through twenty years . In 2006 , Zack Snyder , who at the time was filming ` another comic book adaptation ' , was hired by Warner Bros. to helm Watchmen . Filming started in 2007 , and following deals with two of the previous companies involved in the development -- Paramount Pictures was responsible for international distribution rights after budgetary issues in 2004 , resulting in a lawsuit by 20th Century Fox . Fox , which was already contacted by Gordon in 1987 , received $ 1 million of the gross -- the Watchmen adaptation was finally released in March 2009 ." }, { "docid": "Jim_Woodring", "title": "", "text": "James William Woodring ( born October 11 , 1952 ) is an American cartoonist , fine artist , writer and toy designer . He is best known for the dream-based comics he published in his magazine Jim , and as the creator of the anthropomorphic cartoon character Frank , who has appeared in a number of short comics and graphic novels . Since he was a child , Woodring has experienced hallucinatory `` apparitions '' , which have inspired much of his surreal work . He keeps an `` autojournal '' of his dreams , some of which have formed the basis of some of his comics . His most famous creation is fictional -- the pantomime comics set in the universe he calls the Unifactor , usually featuring Frank . These stories incorporate a highly personal symbolism largely inspired by Woodring 's belief in Vedanta from Hindu philosophy . He also does a large amount of surrealist painting , and has been the writer on a number of comics from licensed franchises published by Dark Horse and others . Woodring has won or been nominated for a number of awards . He placed twice on The Comics Journal '' 's list of the 100 best comics of the century , with the Frank stories ranked # 55 , and The Book of Jim '' ranked # 71 ." }, { "docid": "Starfire_(Koriand'r)", "title": "", "text": "Starfire is a fictional superhero appearing in books published by DC Comics . Named Koriand ` r , she debuted in a preview story inserted within DC Comics Presents # 26 ( October 1980 ) and was created by Marv Wolfman and George Pérez . In 2013 , Starfire placed 21st on IGN 's Top 25 Heroes of DC Comics . She was also ranked 20th in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list . The name `` Starfire '' first appeared in a DC Comic in the story `` The Answer Man of Space , '' in Mystery In Space # 73 , February , 1962 , written by Gardner F. Fox ." }, { "docid": "Bullseye_(comics)", "title": "", "text": "Bullseye is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . A psychopathic assassin , Bullseye uses the opportunities afforded by his line of work to exercise his homicidal tendencies and to work out his own personal vendetta against Daredevil . Although he possesses no superpowers , Bullseye is able to use almost any object as a lethal projectile , be it weapons like shuriken and sai or seemingly harmless objects like playing cards and pencils . His marksmanship is uncanny , at a nearly supernatural level , but he has been known to miss moving targets . In the Daredevil live-action film , the character is portrayed by actor Colin Farrell . Bullseye was 20th in IGN 's list of the `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time '' , and 35th in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Watchmen_characters", "title": "", "text": "Watchmen is a twelve-issue comic book limited series created by Alan Moore , Dave Gibbons , and John Higgins , published by DC Comics in 1986 and 1987 . Watchmen focuses on six main characters : the Comedian , Doctor Manhattan , the Nite Owl , Ozymandias , Rorschach , and the Silk Spectre . These characters were originally based on the Mighty Crusaders and then reworked in an unsolicited proposal to fit superhero properties DC had acquired from Charlton Comics in the early 1980s . Series writer Alan Moore created the main characters to present six `` radically opposing ways '' to perceive the world , and to give readers of the story the privilege of determining which one was most morally comprehensible ." }, { "docid": "Alan_Moore", "title": "", "text": "Alan Moore ( -LSB- mɔər -RSB- born 18 November 1953 ) is an English writer primarily known for his work in comic books including Watchmen , V for Vendetta and From Hell . Frequently described as the best graphic novel writer in history , he has been widely recognised by his peers and by critics . He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as Curt Vile , Jill de Ray , and Translucia Baboon ; also , reprints of some of his work have been credited to The Original Writer when Moore requested that his name be removed . Moore started writing for British underground and alternative fanzines in the late 1970s before achieving success publishing comic strips in such magazines as 2000 AD and Warrior . He was subsequently picked up by the American DC Comics , and as `` the first comics writer living in Britain to do prominent work in America '' , he worked on major characters such as Batman ( Batman : The Killing Joke ) and Superman ( Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow ? ) , substantially developed the character Swamp Thing , and penned original titles such as Watchmen . During that decade , Moore helped to bring about greater social respectability for comics in the United States and United Kingdom . He prefers the term `` comic '' to `` graphic novel '' . In the late 1980s and early 1990s he left the comic industry mainstream and went independent for a while , working on experimental work such as the epic From Hell , the pornographic Lost Girls , and the prose novel Voice of the Fire . He subsequently returned to the mainstream later in the 1990s , working for Image Comics , before developing America 's Best Comics , an imprint through which he published works such as The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen and the occult-based Promethea . Moore is an occultist , ceremonial magician , and anarchist , and has featured such themes in works including Promethea , From Hell , and V for Vendetta , as well as performing avant-garde spoken word occult `` workings '' with The Moon and Serpent Grand Egyptian Theatre of Marvels , some of which have been released on CD . Despite his own personal objections , his books have provided the basis for a number of Hollywood films , including From Hell ( 2001 ) , The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen ( 2003 ) , V for Vendetta ( 2005 ) , and Watchmen ( 2009 ) . Moore has also been referenced in popular culture , and has been recognised as an influence on a variety of literary and television figures including Neil Gaiman , Joss Whedon , and Damon Lindelof . He has lived a significant portion of his life in Northampton , England , and he has said in various interviews that his stories draw heavily from his experiences living there ." }, { "docid": "American_Century_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "American Century is a term used by some historians to refer to the 20th Century . American Century may also refer to : American Century Investments , an investment management firm American Century ( comics ) , a comic series published by DC Comics from 2001 The American Century : Varieties of Culture in Modern Times , a book by Norman F. Cantor" }, { "docid": "Catwoman", "title": "", "text": "Catwoman is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with the superhero Batman . Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger , the character made her debut as `` the Cat '' in Batman # 1 ( Spring 1940 ) . Catwoman , whose secret identity is Selina Kyle , has been Batman 's most enduring love interest and is known for her complex love-hate relationship with him . As a Gotham City burglar , Catwoman typically wears a tight , one-piece outfit and uses a bullwhip for a weapon . The character was originally a supervillain and adversary of Batman , but since the 1990s , she has been featured in an eponymous series portraying her as an antiheroine , often doing the wrong things for the right reasons . The character thrived since her earliest appearances , but from September 1954 to November 1966 Catwoman took an extended hiatus due to the newly developing Comics Code Authority in 1954 . These issues involved the rules regarding the development and portrayal of female characters that were in violation of the Comics Code , a code which is no longer in use . In the comics , Holly Robinson and Eiko Hasigawa both have adopted the Catwoman identity , apart from Selina . A popular figure , Catwoman has been featured in many media adaptations related to Batman . Actresses Julie Newmar , Lee Meriwether , and Eartha Kitt introduced her to a large audience on the 1960s Batman television series and the 1966 Batman film . Michelle Pfeiffer portrayed the character in 1992 's Batman Returns . Halle Berry starred in a stand-alone Catwoman film , 2004 's Catwoman , which was a critical and commercial flop , and bears little to no resemblance to the Batman character . Anne Hathaway portrayed Selina Kyle in the 2012 film The Dark Knight Rises and , most recently , a young version of Kyle is played by Camren Bicondova on the 2014 television series Gotham . Catwoman was ranked 11th on IGN 's `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time '' list , and 51st on Wizard magazine 's `` 100 Greatest Villains of All Time '' list . Conversely , she was ranked 20th on IGN 's `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' list , as well as 23rd in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list ." }, { "docid": "Serbian_comics", "title": "", "text": "Serbian comics are comics produced in Serbia . Comics are called stripovi in Serbian ( singular strip ) and come in all shapes and sizes , merging influences from American comics to bandes dessinées . Comics started developing in Serbia in the late 19th century , mostly in humor and children 's magazines . Throughout the 20th century Serbian comics were part of Yugoslav comics . A large number of titles was published from 1932 to 1991 , mainly in Serbo-Croatian language . After the breakup of Yugoslavia and the crisis in the 1990s , Serbian comics have experienced a revival ." }, { "docid": "Watchmen_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Watchmen is a 2009 American superhero film directed by Zack Snyder , based on the 1986 -- 87 DC Comics limited series of the same name by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons . It stars an ensemble cast of Malin Åkerman , Billy Crudup , Matthew Goode , Carla Gugino , Jackie Earle Haley , Jeffrey Dean Morgan , and Patrick Wilson . A dark satirical and dystopian take on the superhero genre , the film is set in an alternate history in the year 1985 at the height of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union , as a group of mostly retired American superheroes investigates the murder of one of their own before uncovering an elaborate and deadly conspiracy , while their moral limitations are challenged by the complex nature of the circumstances . From October 1987 until October 2005 , a live-action film adaptation of the Watchmen series became stranded in development hell ; producer Lawrence Gordon began developing the project at 20th Century Fox and Warner Bros. , the parent company of Watchmen publisher DC Comics , with producer Joel Silver and director Terry Gilliam , with the latter eventually deeming the complex comic `` un-filmable '' . During the 2000s , Gordon and Lloyd Levin collaborated with Universal Studios and Paramount Pictures to produce a script by David Hayter ; Darren Aronofsky and Paul Greengrass were also attached to the project before it was cancelled over budget disputes ; and in October 2005 , the project returned to Warner Bros. , where Snyder was hired to direct ; Paramount remained as its international distributor whereas Warner Bros. would distribute the film in the United States . However , Fox sued Warner Bros. for copyright violation arising from Gordon 's failure to pay a buy-out in 1991 , which enabled him to develop the film at the other studios . Fox and Warner Bros. settled this before the film 's release , with Fox receiving a portion of the gross . Principal photography began in Vancouver , September 2007 . As with his previous film 300 , Snyder closely modelled his storyboards on the comic , but chose not to shoot all of Watchmen using green screens and opted for real sets instead . Following its world premiere at Odeon Leicester Square on February 23 , 2009 , the film was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters on March 6 , 2009 , and grossed $ 55 million on its opening weekend and over $ 185 million at the worldwide box office . The film 's reception has been very polarized , with many critics voicing strong negative views and vice versa . A DVD based on elements of the Watchmen universe was released , including an animated adaptation of the comic Tales of the Black Freighter within the story starring Gerard Butler , and the fictional biography Under the Hood , detailing the older generation of superheroes from the film 's back-story . A director 's cut with 24 minutes of additional footage was released in July 2009 . The `` Ultimate Cut '' edition incorporated the animated comic Tales of the Black Freighter into the narrative as it was in the original graphic novel , lengthening the runtime to 3 hours and 35 minutes , and was released on November 3 , 2009 ." }, { "docid": "Rubber_Blanket", "title": "", "text": "Rubber Blanket was an alternative comics anthology magazine edited by the husband/wife team of cartoonist David Mazzucchelli and painter/colorist Richmond Lewis . It was self-published under the banner of Rubber Blanket Press in a deluxe , oversized format from 1991 to 1993 ( three issues ) . While an anthology of different artists , Rubber Blanket is mostly a showcase for Mazzucchelli 's work . In it , he largely turns his back on the superhero work that had made him a fan-favorite , and moved towards a personal storytelling style with bold and more expressionistic artwork . These stories earned Mazzucchelli the 72nd position on The Comics Journal 's list of the best comics of the 20th century ." }, { "docid": "Before_Watchmen", "title": "", "text": "Before Watchmen is a series of comic books published by DC Comics in 2012 . Acting as a prequel to the 1986 12-issue Watchmen limited series by writer Alan Moore and artist Dave Gibbons , the project consists of eight limited series and one one-shot ( though two were initially planned ) for a total of 37 issues ." }, { "docid": "Mister_Sinister", "title": "", "text": "Mister Sinister ( Nathaniel Essex ) is a fictional character , a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character first appeared in Uncanny X-Men # 221 ( Sept. 1987 ) and was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Marc Silvestri . Mister Sinister has appeared in a number of X-Men titles including spin-offs and several limited series . The character has also featured in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , toys , trading cards , and video games . IGN 's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time ranked Mister Sinister as # 29 . In 2008 , Sinister was ranked # 6 at Marvel.com on their list of Top 10 X-Men villains ." }, { "docid": "Wanted_(comics)", "title": "", "text": "Wanted is a comic book limited series written by Mark Millar , with art by J. G. Jones . It was published by Top Cow in 2003 and 2004 as part of Millarworld . It features an amoral protagonist who discovers he is the heir to a career as a supervillain assassin in a world where such villains have secretly taken control of the planet . The Sunday Times dubbed the title `` the Watchmen for super-villains . '' A film adaptation , very loosely based on the comic , was released in 2008 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_20th_Century_Boys_chapters", "title": "", "text": "Written and illustrated by Naoki Urasawa , while also writing Monster , 20th Century Boys was originally serialized in Big Comic Spirits from 1999 to 2006 . The 249 individual chapters were published into 22 tankōbon volumes by Shogakukan from January 29 , 2000 to November 30 , 2006 . A sequel , titled 21st Century Boys , started in Big Comic Spiritss January 19 , 2007 issue and ran until July . The 16 chapters were released into 2 volumes on May 30 , 2007 and September 28 , 2007 . A one-shot manga titled Aozora Chu-Ihō ( `` Blue Sky Advisory -- Kiss '' ) was published in the February 2009 issue of Big Comic Spirits , it was credited to `` Ujiko-Ujio '' , the pen-name of the fictional manga creator duo Kaneko and Ujiki in 20th Century Boys . The manga was licensed for an English language release in North America by Viz Media in 2005 . Though at the request of Urasawa , who felt there was a change in his art style over time , it was delayed until after their translation of Monster finished . The first volume was released on February 17 , 2009 , and the last volume was released on September 18 , 2012 . The series was also released in Germany by Planet Manga , in France by Génération Comics , in Hong Kong by Jade Dynasty , in the Netherlands by Glénat , in Indonesia by Level Comics , in Italy by Planet Manga , in South Korea by Haksan Publishing , in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini , and in Taiwan by Tong Li Comics ." }, { "docid": "Wasp_(comics)", "title": "", "text": "The Wasp ( Janet van Dyne ) is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby , the character first appeared in Tales to Astonish # 44 ( June 1963 ) . She is usually depicted as having the ability to shrink to a height of several centimeters , fly by means of insectoid wings , and fire bioelectric energy blasts . She is a founding member of the Avengers as well as a long time leader of the team . In May 2011 , the Wasp placed 99th on IGN 's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time , and 26th in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 . The character was also ranked 94th in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list . In 2013 , she was ranked the fifth greatest Avenger of all time by Marvel.com . The character makes a cameo appearance in the 2015 film Ant-Man ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Top_10_characters", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of Top 10 characters . Top 10 is a comic book series published by Wildstorm Comics under their America 's Best Comics imprint . All characters were created by Alan Moore unless otherwise stated . The following list includes characters from the original twelve issue series that ran from 2000 -- 2001 , the five issue Smax mini-series ( 2003 ) , and the five issue mini-series Top 10 : Beyond The Farthest Precinct ( 2005 ) ." }, { "docid": "Hawaiian_Dick", "title": "", "text": "Hawaiian Dick was a comic book created by writer B. Clay Moore and artist Steven Michael Griffin , and published by Image Comics . The first Hawaiian Dick mini-series hit comic shops in December of 2002 , and was subsequently followed in late 2003 by a second four issue mini-series called Hawaiian Dick : the Last Resort . The second series ran into numerous publication delays , but was completed in July of 2006 . The trade paperback collecting the second mini-series was published in October 2006 . The comic book received extensive media attention upon its arrival , including favorable reviews in Entertainment Weekly and Publishers Weekly . In 2004 , Hawaiian Dick was optioned by New Line Cinema for development as a feature film , but efforts failed . Artist and colorist Steven Griffin was nominated for the 2003 Russ Manning Award for his work on the book , and subsequently received three separate Eisner Award nominations for Best Colorist for Hawaiian Dick , receiving those nominations in 2004 , 2005 and 2006 . The third Hawaiian Dick series ran five issues , and was subtitled Screaming Black Thunder . Artist Scott Chantler illustrated the lead stories . The fourth series , Aloha , Hawaiian Dick , began publication through Image Comics on April 20th , 2016 , with artists Jacob Wyatt and Jason Armstrong handling the art on the lead and back-up stories , respectively . Hawaiian Dick appeared on the Wizard Top 100 Trade Paperbacks of the Wizard Era , clocking in at number 92 . In an article on WeAreAtomik.com talking about making the list , B. Clay Moore confesses to being Atomik ." }, { "docid": "91:an_(comic_strip)", "title": "", "text": "91 : an ( Eng : № 91 ) is a popular Swedish comic strip , first created in 1932 with the title En beväringsmans upplevelser och äventyr ( `` A military man 's experiences and adventures '' ) . This name soon changed to 91 : an Karlsson , by Rudolf Petersson . It is now published in its own bi-weekly comic book , 91 : an , and also as a single strip in the popular weekly women 's magazine Året Runt . The principal character in the strip is Mandel Karlsson , a young man ( aged perhaps 20 or 21 ) doing conscript military service in the Swedish Army , based at the fictional Klackamo Regiment . His number is `` 91 '' , thus he is widely known in Sweden as `` 91 : an Karlsson '' , although in the comic strip itself he is almost always referred to as Mandel ( Eng : Almond , a very unusual first name ) , or simply 91 : an . Several of the officers are based on real people Rudolf Petersson met during his national service at the I 16 regiment in Halmstad , Halland between 1916-1918 . The premises of Klackamo Regiment , and the small town hosting it , Klackamo , are assumed to also be loosely based on the real regiment I 16 , plus a quaint depiction of small-town and rural Sweden loosely based on places in Halland . Originally all the characters wore the blue uniform with brass buttons ( possibly a late 19th-century model ) , but when it was replaced by a more modern uniform in 1939 the new uniform was applied to all characters but 91 : an , who kept the outdated version . Since then the uniform of the Swedish army has been changed in 1959 and 1990 , but has not resulted in any changes in the uniforms used in the comic strip ." }, { "docid": "The_Little_Man_(comics)", "title": "", "text": "The Little Man : Short Strips 1980 -- 1995 is a collection of short works by award-winning Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown , published by Drawn and Quarterly in 1998 . It collects most of Brown 's non-graphic novel short works up to that point , with the notable exception of his incomplete adaptations of the gospels . The collection is especially notable for the cartoon essay My Mom was a Schizophrenic , which Cerebus creator Dave Sim says `` was the piece that originally gave Chester the taste for comic-book journalism , the research , the annotations and all the headaches that go with it '' in reference to the research-heavy Louis Riel which began soon after this collection appeared . This book also notably collects the stories Helder , Showing Helder , The Little Man and Danny 's Story which , together with the graphic novels The Playboy and I Never Liked You make up the main portion of what is considered Brown 's much-lauded autobio period . It was this group of works that was placed # 38 on the prestigious Comics Journal 's list of the 100 best comics of the century ." }, { "docid": "Beth_Sotelo", "title": "", "text": "Beth Sotelo is an American comic book colorist working with Aspen MLT . Having started in 2001 century at Top Cow Productions , she has since worked at both DC Comics and Marvel Comics , two of the largest American comic publishers ." }, { "docid": "Box_Office_Poison", "title": "", "text": "Box Office Poison is a series of comic books ( originally published by Antarctic Press ) by Alex Robinson . It was published in collected form by Top Shelf Productions in 2001 . The story concerns the life and trials of a group of young people in New York City . Box Office Poison has been translated into Spanish , titled Malas Ventas ; Portuguese , titled Fracasso de Publico ; French , titled De mal en pis , and Greek . It won the Prix du premier album ( Prize for First Comic Book ) at the 2005 Angoulême International Comics Festival . The A.V. Club named it one of the best comics of the decade . Top 100 Graphic Novels named it as the 84th best comic ever made . The collected Box Office Poison is over 600 pages long . Robinson has stated that serializing such a long story in black-and-white form was inspired by the comic Cerebus by Dave Sim ." }, { "docid": "Watchmen:_Motion_Comic", "title": "", "text": "The Watchmen : Motion Comic is a 2008 American animated short film series of motion comics for web and television based on the DC comic book series Watchmen , written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Dave Gibbons . The series consists of twelve abridged 25 -- 30 minute segments , each based on and sharing a name with one of the twelve chapters of the book . Both male and female characters are voiced by actor Tom Stechschulte . It was released on DVD in March 2009 to coincide with the Watchmen movie 's release ." }, { "docid": "Le_Monde's_100_Books_of_the_Century", "title": "", "text": "The 100 Books of the Century ( Les cent livres du siècle ) is a list of the one hundred best books of the 20th century , according to a poll conducted in the spring of 1999 by the French retailer Fnac and the Paris newspaper Le Monde . Starting from a preliminary list of 200 titles created by bookshops and journalists , 17,000 French voters responded to the question , `` Which books have remained in your memory ? '' ( Quels livres sont restés dans votre mémoire ? ) . The list of acclaimed titles mixes great novels with poetry and theatre , as well as the comic strip . The list includes more French novels because of the demographics of the surveyed group . However , similar lists by English language sources include US and UK authors only ( for example , the Modern Library 100 Best Novels published in 1998 , with two lists , one by the Board of the Modern Library and the other by readers who responded ) ." }, { "docid": "Midtown_Comics", "title": "", "text": "Midtown Comics is a New York City comic book retailer with three shops in Manhattan and an e-commerce website . The largest comic book store in the United States , the company opened its first store in the Times Square area in 1997 . Its second was opened on Lexington Avenue in 2004 , and is known as the Grand Central store for its proximity to Grand Central Terminal . Its Downtown store was opened on Fulton Street in the Financial District in November 2010 . It also used to operate a boutique inside Manhattan 's Times Square Toys R Us . The store is noted for appearances by celebrities known outside the comic book industry , for its friendly and energetic staff , and for being the most media-friendly comic store in the United States . It was named by The Village Voice in 2012 as the Best Comic Book Store in New York , and has been hailed by Comic Book Resources as `` the industry 's leading retailer of comic books , graphic novels and manga . '' On July 13 , 2012 , the National Geographic Channel premiered Comic Store Heroes , a reality television program set at Midtown Comics . Due to its geographic proximity to the headquarters of the `` Big Two '' of the American comic book publishing industry , Marvel Comics and DC Comics , and the relationship between the store and industry professionals , it was ranked number 44 on Bleeding Cool magazine 's 2013 Top 100 Power List of Comic Books ." }, { "docid": "Doctor_Manhattan", "title": "", "text": "Doctor Manhattan is a fictional character who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics . He debuted in the graphic novel miniseries Watchmen , published in 1986 and 1987 . Doctor Manhattan was created by writer Alan Moore with artist Dave Gibbons . He was originally Dr. Jonathan Osterman , a nuclear physicist who in 1959 was transformed into one of the Most Supreme Beings of DC Comics , after initially being disintegrated in an Intrinsic Field Subtractor and later reconstructing himself . Following his reanimation , he was immediately pressed into service by the United States government , who gave him the name Doctor Manhattan , after the Manhattan Project . He is the only character in the story that possesses actual superpowers . The Watchmen series has been noted for addressing metaphysical issues and questions , Doctor Manhattan being the primary recipient . He is often used as an example of a posthuman god . Reception towards the character is positive , and he has appeared and has been mentioned in various forms of media . Billy Crudup and Greg Plitt portray Doctor Manhattan in the 2009 film adaptation directed by Zack Snyder . Doctor Manhattan later appears in the Before Watchmen comic book prequel , with his own individual issue miniseries . In 2016 , as part of DC Comics ' Rebirth campaign , Manhattan has been hinted as a major antagonist , implied to have removed 10 years of history from DC characters following the Flashpoint event , creating the New 52 timeline in the process ." } ]
18884	Android has had prosperity.	[ { "docid": "Android_(operating_system)", "title": "", "text": "Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google , based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets . Android 's user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation , using touch gestures that loosely correspond to real-world actions , such as swiping , tapping and pinching , to manipulate on-screen objects , along with a virtual keyboard for text input . In addition to touchscreen devices , Google has further developed Android TV for televisions , Android Auto for cars , and Android Wear for wrist watches , each with a specialized user interface . Variants of Android are also used on notebooks , game consoles , digital cameras , and other electronics . Initially developed by Android Inc. , which Google bought in 2005 , Android was unveiled in 2007 , along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliancea consortium of hardware , software , and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices . Beginning with the first commercial Android device in September 2008 , the operating system has gone through multiple major releases , with the current version being 7.0 `` Nougat '' , released in August 2016 . Android applications ( `` apps '' ) can be downloaded from the Google Play store , which features over 2.7 million apps as of February 2017 . Android has been the best-selling OS on tablets since 2013 , and runs on the vast majority of smartphones . , Android has two billion monthly active users , and it has the largest installed base of any operating system . Android 's source code is released by Google under an open source license , although most Android devices ultimately ship with a combination of free and open source and proprietary software , including proprietary software required for accessing Google services . Android is popular with technology companies that require a ready-made , low-cost and customizable operating system for high-tech devices . Its open nature has encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open-source code as a foundation for community-driven projects , which deliver updates to older devices , add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices originally shipped with other operating systems . The extensive variation of hardware in Android devices causes significant delays for software upgrades , with new versions of the operating system and security patches typically taking months before reaching consumers , or sometimes not at all . The success of Android has made it a target for patent and copyright litigation as part of the so-called `` smartphone wars '' between technology companies ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Matías_Duarte", "title": "", "text": "Matías Duarte ( born December 7 , 1973 ) is a Chilean computer interface designer and Google 's Vice President of Design . Prior to his current role , he was the Director of Android User Experience . Android 3.0 `` Honeycomb '' was the first release with major elements of his design influence . He has since left designing Android , and is working on other things . Prior to moving to Google to work on Android , Duarte had similar roles in Palm 's webOS , the Helio Ocean and the Danger Hiptop ( T-Mobile Sidekick ) ." }, { "docid": "Android_Developer_Day", "title": "", "text": "Android Developer Days , or ADD , is an open conference held at various locations worldwide each year . The Android Developer Days conference is a growing organization that allows developers of various software and applications to showcase , observe , and participate in Android Developing events , such as informational lectures , workshops , entertainment activities , panel discussions , and networking opportunities make up a majority of the Android Developer Days . As an international leader in mobile operating systems , ADD has become increasingly popular as the center for mobile device conventions . Unofficial participants may elect to observe different booths and displays . However , in order to partake in the festivities , one must apply to join the organization . There is an assortment of ways that one is able to join the conference including exhibiting your own presentation , showcasing posters featuring developing applications , or instructing hands-on , interactive coding tutorials . In 2014 , the Android Developer Days conventions had been held in Ankara , Turkey from May 16 to May 17 ." }, { "docid": "COS_(operating_system)", "title": "", "text": "COS is a Linux kernel-based mobile operating system developed in China mainly targeting mobile devices , tablets and set top boxes . COS stand for China Operating system and is being developed by the Institute of Software at the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( ISCAS ) together with Shanghai Liantong Network Communications Technology to compete with foreign operating systems like iOS and Android . The operating system is based on Linux but the platform is closed source . Security and the risk of back doors in devices from foreign vendors are some of the main motivations for COS. . Android had almost 90 % of the smart phone market when COS was introduced and Apple most of the remaining market share . COS looks very similar to Android and has its own Application Portal much like Android Market and iOS App Store ." }, { "docid": "Prosper,_Oregon", "title": "", "text": "Prosper is an unincorporated community in Coos County , Oregon , United States . It is about 3 mi northwest of Bandon next to the Coquille River . There is no longer a town at the site . The first cannery on the Coquille River was started in about 1882 by D. H. Getchell in what came to be known as Prosper . Prosper was founded in the summer of 1892 by Adam Pershbaker , who built a sawmill and a shipyard there . The Emil Heuckendorff shipyard was established soon after . Prosper had a post office from 1893 until 1928 ; Pershbaker was the first postmaster . The name was likely chosen in the hope the locality would be prosperous . In 1915 , Prosper 's population was 500 , and it had two salmon canneries , and two shingle and saw mills . Passenger boats traveled three times a day to Bandon and Coquille ." }, { "docid": "Android_Nougat", "title": "", "text": "Android `` Nougat '' ( codenamed Android N during development ) is the seventh major version of the Android operating system . First released as an alpha test version on March 9 , 2016 , it was officially released on August 22 , 2016 , with Nexus devices being the first to receive the update . The LG V20 was the first new smartphone released with Nougat . Nougat introduces notable changes to the operating system and its development platform , including the ability to display multiple apps on-screen at once in a split-screen view , support for inline replies to notifications , and an expanded `` Doze '' power-saving mode that restricts device functionality once the screen has been off for a period of time . Additionally , the platform switched to an OpenJDK-based Java environment and received support for the Vulkan graphics rendering API , and `` seamless '' system updates on supported devices . Nougat received positive reviews . The new app notification format received particular praise , while the multitasking interface was seen as a positive change , but reviewers experienced incompatible apps . Critics had mixed experiences with the Doze power-saving mode , but faster app installs and `` tweaks '' to the user interface were also reviewed positively . , 7.1 % of devices that access Google Play run Nougat , with 6.6 % on Android 7.0 and 0.5 % on Android 7.1 ." }, { "docid": "Google_Play", "title": "", "text": "Google Play ( formerly Android Market ) is a digital distribution service operated and developed by Google . It serves as the official app store for the Android operating system , allowing users to browse and download applications developed with the Android software development kit ( SDK ) and published through Google . Google Play also serves as a digital media store , offering music , magazines , books , movies , and television programs . It previously offered Google hardware devices for purchase until the introduction of a separate online hardware retailer , Google Store , on March 11 , 2015 . Applications are available through Google Play either free of charge or at a cost . They can be downloaded directly to an Android device through the Play Store mobile app or by deploying the application to a device from the Google Play website . Applications exploiting hardware capabilities of a device can be targeted to users of devices with specific hardware components , such as a motion sensor ( for motion-dependent games ) or a front-facing camera ( for online video calling ) . The Google Play store had over 82 billion app downloads in 2016 and has reached over 2.7 million apps published in 2017 . It has been the subject of multiple issues concerning security , in which malicious software has been approved and uploaded to the store and downloaded by users , with varying degrees of severity . Google Play was launched on March 6 , 2012 , bringing together the Android Market , Google Music , and the Google eBookstore under one brand , marking a shift in Google 's digital distribution strategy . The services operating under the Google Play banner are : Google Play Books , Google Play Games , Google Play Movies & TV , Google Play Music , and Google Play Newsstand . Following their rebranding , Google has gradually expanded the geographical support for each of the services ." }, { "docid": "MiKandi", "title": "", "text": "MiKandi ( pronounced `` my candy '' ) is a mobile adult software applications store . Developed by MiKandi LLC , a Seattle-based company , MiKandi is the world 's first and largest mobile porn app store . The store seeks to get around restrictions placed on adult content by Apple Inc. for its iPhone and Google 's Android Market by releasing the third-party application store on Google Android 's open source operating system and offering an HTML5 web-based application for all touch devices . On December 9 , 2009 MiKandi reported that the client software had been downloaded over 80,000 times onto Android devices since their November 29 , 2009 launch . By 2012 , the MiKandi application had been installed on 2 million devices . The native MiKandi application is only available for the Android operating system , but in 2012 , the company released an HTML5-based application to stream adult entertainment videos to all touch devices . MiKandi applications are aimed at an adult demographic and contain explicit adult content . As of mid-2013 , MiKandi had been installed on 3.8 million Android devices and had a catalog of over 7,000 adult applications ." }, { "docid": "Prosper", "title": "", "text": "Prosper may refer to : People : Prosper ( name ) Places : Prosper , Minnesota , an unincorporated community Prosper , North Dakota , an unincorporated community Prosper , Oregon , an unincorporated community Prosper , Texas , a town In computer software : LaTeX prosper class for making presentations , later superseded by HA-prosper , which was eventually made into Powerdot PROSPER , a computer programming language invented by Earl Isaac in the early 1970s . Other uses : Prosper Marketplace , a business , that allows online person-to-person lending and borrowing Prosper network , a Special Operations Executive network in occupied France" }, { "docid": "Android_Wear", "title": "", "text": "Android Wear is a version of Google 's Android operating system designed for smartwatches and other wearables . By pairing with mobile phones running Android version 4.3 or newer , or iOS version 8.2 or newer with limited support from Google 's pairing application , Android Wear integrates Google Now technology and mobile notifications into a smartwatch form factor . It also adds the ability to download applications from the Google Play Store . Android Wear supports Bluetooth , Wi-Fi , 3G and LTE ( telecommunication ) connectivity , as well as a range of features and applications . Watch face styles include round , square and rectangular . Released devices include Motorola Moto 360 , the LG G Watch , and the Samsung Gear Live . Hardware manufacturing partners include Asus , Broadcom , Fossil , HTC , Intel , LG , MediaTek , Imagination Technologies , Motorola , New Balance , Qualcomm , Samsung , Huawei , Polar and TAG Heuer . In the first six months of availability , Canalys estimates that over 720,000 Android Wear smartwatches were shipped . , Android Wear had between one and five million application installations . Android Wear was estimated to account for 10 % of the smart watch market in 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Firefox_for_Android", "title": "", "text": "Firefox for Android ( codenamed Fennec ) is the build of the Mozilla Firefox web browser for devices such as smartphones and tablet computers . Mozilla makes another mobile browser called Firefox for iOS , and for a while , Firefox for Android had a different name , and supported more than just the Android operating system . Firefox for Android uses the same Gecko layout engine as Mozilla Firefox . For example , version 1.0 used the same engine as Firefox 3.6 , and the following release , 4.0 , shared core code with Firefox 4.0 . Its features include HTML5 support , Firefox Sync , add-ons support and tabbed browsing ." }, { "docid": "Android_18", "title": "", "text": "is a fictional character in the Dragon Ball manga series created by Akira Toriyama . Android 18 makes her debut in chapter # 349 The Androids Awake ! ( 目覚めた17号、 18号 , Mezameta Jūnanagō , Jūhachigō ) , first published in Weekly Shōnen Jump on November 12 , 1991 . She and her brother , Android 17 , were forcibly turned into cyborgs by Dr. Gero to serve his vendetta against Goku . The present-timeline version of the character has very little to no interest in fulfilling Gero 's orders and becomes a supporting character in the series . In the alternate-timeline , Android 18 is a ruthless killer that has a reign of terror along with Android 17 over Earth that last for twenty years until they are destroyed by Trunks ." }, { "docid": "Dell_Streak", "title": "", "text": "Dell Streak 5 ( previously known as the Dell Mini 5 ) is a smartphone/tablet hybrid ( `` phablet '' ) from Dell that uses the Android operating system . It comes with a 5 in capacitive touchscreen and two cameras , a 5MP one with dual-LED flash on the back and a VGA-resolution one on the front for video calling ; both are capable of video . The development was first disclosed in June 2009 and in October 2009 it was known that the tablet is capable of making 3G phone calls . The three buttons at the bottom ( or right , when held in its normal landscape mode ) are capacitive . The Android buttons used are Home , Menu , and Back . It features a Dell skin on top and has a cradle adapter with HDMI out . The phone lacks the navigational trackball found in many previous Android devices . While FM radio support is not an official feature , an FM radio chip was found upon inspection of the Streak 's internal hardware , and can be accessed though a user 's modification of the OS . The versions released previously have had Android 1.6 installed , with Dell offering unlocked Streaks with Android 2.2 ( Froyo ) in December 2010 . Customers on the British O2 mobile phone network were given the opportunity to install Android 2.1 in early September 2010 through an Over the Air update . This update , however , caused an uproar amongst consumers , over bugs and removal of some features from the previous software . A seven-inch version of the Streak was announced at the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011 . The Wall Street Journal reviewed it unfavorably in February . A long-rumored ten-inch model went on sale in August in China . Following protests from users that Dell , by not including source code , had violated the terms of the GNU General Public License , the source code for the Dell Streak is now available for download . There is a root method for the Dell Streak , and many roms are available , including iterations of the CyanogenMod ROM . These are available from the xda-developers website along with other ROMS . Dell discontinued the Streak 5 on as of August 15 , 2011 . Customers attempting to purchase the device were directed to a `` Good Bye , Streak 5 '' landing page . The larger Streak 7 was discontinued on December 2 , 2011 ; Dell continues to sell a 10-inch tablet in China ." }, { "docid": "Powerdot", "title": "", "text": "Powerdot is a LaTeX class for making professional-looking presentation slides . It can be considered an alternative to the class Beamer . This class is based on the prosper class and HA-prosper package and was created with the intention to replace prosper and HA-prosper ." }, { "docid": "Android_One", "title": "", "text": "Android One is a low cost line of consumer electronics devices that run the Android operating system . It is a hardware and software standard created by Google for Android systems , and customers in the developing world . Google manages the design , development , marketing , and support of these devices while all manufacturing are carried out by partnering original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ) . Android One smartphones run software close to stock Android , no user interface customisation is possible . Security and system updates are handled by Google , avoiding problems some earlier phones have had with lacking security updates . The first set of Android One devices features MediaTek 's quad-core MT6582 Mobile System-on-Chip ( Mobile SoC ) . Android One phones initially rolled out in Pakistan , India , Bangladesh , Nepal , Indonesia , the Philippines , Sri Lanka , Myanmar and other South Asian countries in 2014 . The first Android One smartphones were by the Indian brands Micromax , Spice and Karbonn in September 2014 , the second generation Android One smartphones were by Indonesia brands Mito Impact , Evercoss One X , Nexian journey in February 2015 and the first Android One preinstalled with Android 5.0 Lollipop . Other manufacturers including QMobile have launched an Android One device named QMobile A1 , on July 6 , 2015 in Pakistan . Android One launched in Nigeria in August 2015 with the Infinix Hot 2 X510 ( 1 and 2 GB RAM version ) and became the first Android One in Africa . Infinix Hot 2 X510 was also exported to other African countries such as Egypt , Ghana , Ivory Coast , Morocco , Kenya , Cameroon , Uganda , and also Asian countries such as United Arab Emirates , Pakistan and Indonesia ( 2 GB RAM version only ) . Other manufactures are to follow gradually . In 2016 , Softbank announced that they will be the first carrier in Japan to introduce an Android One phone in the country , namely the Sharp 507SH which was released in late July 2016 . Various news articles mention that the Android One standard also dictates minimum hardware requirements , but the actual list of minimum requirements does n't seem to have been made available on the Internet ." }, { "docid": "Phandroid", "title": "", "text": "Phandroid was the first website dedicated to reporting on the Android operating system for phones . The website produces a variety of content , including news , reviews , editorials , videos , and a podcast . Phandroid has evolved to cover news from Google in general , as well as Android TV , Android Wear , Google Glass , Chromecast , and Android Auto . Phandroid also operates AndroidForums.com , a forum for Android users ." }, { "docid": "Charles_Prosper_Wolff_Schoemaker", "title": "", "text": "Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker ( 25 July 1882 -- 22 May 1949 ) was a Dutch architect who designed several distinguished Art Deco buildings in Bandung , Indonesia , including the Villa Isola and Hotel Preanger . He has been described as `` the Frank Lloyd Wright of Indonesia , '' and Wright had a considerable influence on Schoemaker 's modernist designs . Although he was primarily known as an architect , he was also a painter and sculptor ." }, { "docid": "Android_version_history", "title": "", "text": "The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the release of the Android alpha in November 5 , 2007 . The first commercial version , Android 1.0 , was released in September 2008 . Android is continually developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance , and it has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since the initial release . Versions 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names . Android code names are confectionery-themed and have been in alphabetical order since 2009 's Android 1.5 Cupcake , with the most recent major version being Android 7.0 Nougat , released in August 2016 . Note : To clarify , support for e.g. Android 4.4.4 KitKat ( Google 's support cut-off ) , means at least security patches in 2014 , 2016 and 2017 . The updates , may or may not receive actual user 's devices , that depends on vendors . Google ( and others ) may support their own user 's devices with a major upgrade , only , instead of a security update to those older versions ; but it 's possible to do . A version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released on June 25 , 2014 , with an API level of 20 ." }, { "docid": "Andy_Rubin", "title": "", "text": "Andrew E. `` Andy '' Rubin ( born June 22 , 1962 ) is an American computer programmer , engineer , entrepreneur , and venture capitalist . He is the founder and CEO of tech startup incubator Playground Global and a partner at venture capital firm Redpoint Ventures . He is the co-founder and former CEO of both Danger Inc. and Android Inc. . Andy and his wife , Rie , also own and operate Voyageur du Temps , a bakery in Los Altos , California . After Android was acquired by Google in 2005 , Rubin became the company 's Senior Vice President of Mobile and Digital Content until March 2013 , where he oversaw development of Android , an open-source operating system for smartphones . Rubin has seventeen patents for his inventions . On 13 March 2013 , Larry Page announced in a blog post that Rubin had moved from the Android division to take on new projects at Google . He was replaced by Sundar Pichai , who now serves as Google 's CEO . In December 2013 , Rubin started management of the robotics division of Google ( which includes companies bought by Google , such as Boston Dynamics ) . On 30 October 2014 he left Google after nine years at the company to start an incubator for hardware startups . He leads Essential Products ." }, { "docid": "Android_lawn_statues", "title": "", "text": "The Android lawn statues are a series of large foam statues near the Googleplex ( Google 's headquarters ) in Mountain View , California , currently located at 1981 Landings Drive . They are based on the code names for versions of Google 's Android mobile operating system , which are named after desserts and sweet treats . These statues were originally located in front of Building 44 , where the Android development team had its offices . However , they were moved to their present location a few blocks away ( at some point before October 19 , 2014 ) , they are now next to the Google Visitor Center Beta which is open to Google employees and their guests . The Android statues remain a tourist attraction where visitors are encouraged to come take photos . The sculptures were made by a company named Themendous ." }, { "docid": "American_State_Bank", "title": "", "text": "American State Bank was a financial service company operating 37 locations in 21 communities across Texas , mainly in West Texas . American State Bank first opened on May 20 , 1948 in Lubbock . American State Bank had unusual continuity of management - there were only three presidents since its inception . The first president , Jack Payne , had a term lasting from the banks first opening until 1974 . American State Bank did not accept any bailout funds from the federal government . On February 27 , 2012 , Houston-based Prosperity Bancshares , the parent company of Prosperity Bank , announced that it had signed a merger agreement with ASB , whereby ASB will merge into Prosperity Bank subject to shareholder and regulatory approval . The merger became final effective July 1 , 2012 . Prosperity Bancshares ultimately paid over 500 million dollars , through a combination of cash and common stock , to acquire American State Bank ." }, { "docid": "Flare_(Phone_Series)", "title": "", "text": "Flare is an Android Smartphone Series made by Cherry Mobile . It has a number of phones released from 2012 -- present as the same with Omega . Their phones are : FLARE - 4 '' IPS Android JB 4.1 Dual Core Smartphone - Php3 ,999 - Discontinued - 2012 FLARE 2.0 - 4 '' IPS Android JB 4.1 Quad Core Smartphone - Php3 ,999 - Available - 2013 FLARE 2X - 4 '' IPS Android JB 4.1 Quad Core Smartphone - Php4 ,499 - Available - 2013 FLARE S - 4 '' IPS Android JB 4.2 Quad Core Smartphone - Php4 ,499 - Available - 2013 FLARE 2.1 - 4 '' IPS Android JB 4.1 Quad Core Smartphone - Php3 ,999 - Available - 2013/2014 FLARE HD - 4.3 '' HD IPS Android JB 4.2 Quad Core Smartphone - Php5 ,499 - Available - 2014 Category : Android ( operating system ) devices" }, { "docid": "Scripting_Layer_for_Android", "title": "", "text": "The Scripting Layer for Android ( abridged as SL4A , and previously named Android Scripting Environment or ASE ) is a library that allows the creation and running of scripts written in various scripting languages directly on Android devices . SL4A is designed for developers and ( as of March 2016 ) is still alpha quality software . As of January 2016 , other developers have forked the SL4A code to enable it to run on Android Lollipop and Android Marshmallow after development on the main code branch stopped , for example the kuri65536 branch of SL4A and droid-python These scripts have access to many of the APIs available to normal Java Android applications , but with a simplified interface . Scripts can be run interactively in a terminal , or in the background using the Android services architecture . Currently supported languages are : Python using CPython Perl Ruby using JRuby Lua BeanShell JavaScript using Rhino Tcl Rexx using BRexx SL4A was first announced by Google in June 2009 , and was originally named `` Android Scripting Environment '' ( ASE ) . It was originally developed by Damon Kohler , and it has grown through the contributions of many developers ." }, { "docid": "Impostor_(short_story)", "title": "", "text": "`` Impostor '' is a science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick . It was first published in Astounding magazine in June , 1953 . Spence Olham , a member of a team designing an offensive weapon to destroy invading aliens known as the Outspacers , is confronted by a colleague and accused by security officer Major Peters of being an android impostor designed to sabotage Earth 's defenses . The impostor 's ship was damaged and has crashed just outside the city . The android is supposed to detonate a planet-destroying bomb on the utterance of a deadly code phrase . Olham , in an attempt to clear his name and prove his humanity , manages to escape his captors and return to Earth after they fail to kill him on the moon . Upon reaching Earth , Olham contacts his wife , Mary , but is soon ambushed by security officers waiting for him by his house . Out of options and with Major Peters ' forces closing in , Olham decides to prove he is a human by finding the crashed Outspacer spaceship and recovering the android 's body from the wreckage . Unfortunately , the discovery of a bloody knife by the wreckage indicates to Olham that Peters was correct and that the real Spence Olham had already been killed . The android , now aware of the truth of its existence , proclaims `` If that 's Olham , then I must be ... '' causing the bomb to detonate , the explosion visible even to the Outspacers of Alpha Centauri ." }, { "docid": "Comparison_of_Java_and_Android_API", "title": "", "text": "This article compares the application programming interfaces ( APIs ) and virtual machines ( VMs ) of the programming language Java and operating system Android . While most Android applications are written in Java-like language , there are some differences between the Java API and the Android API , and Android does not run Java bytecode by a traditional Java virtual machine ( JVM ) , but instead by a Dalvik virtual machine in older versions of Android , and an Android Runtime ( ART ) in newer versions , that compile the same code that Dalvik runs to Executable and Linkable Format ( ELF ) executables containing machine code . Java bytecode in Java Archive ( JAR ) files is not executed by Android devices . Instead , Java classes are compiled into a proprietary bytecode format and run on Dalvik ( or compiled version thereof with newer ART ) , a specialized virtual machine ( VM ) designed for Android . Unlike Java VMs , which are stack machines ( stack-based architecture ) , the Dalvik VM is a register machine ( register-based architecture ) . Dalvik has some traits that differentiate it from other standard VMs : The VM was designed to use less space . The constant pool has been modified to use only 32-bit indexes to simplify the interpreter . Standard Java bytecode executes 8-bit stack instructions . Local variables must be copied to or from the operand stack by separate instructions . Dalvik instead uses its own 16-bit instruction set that works directly on local variables . The local variable is commonly picked by a 4-bit virtual register field . Because the bytecode loaded by the Dalvik virtual machine is not Java bytecode and due to the way Dalvik loads classes , it is impossible to load library packages as JJAR files . A different procedure must be used to load Android libraries , in which the content of the underlying dex file must be copied in the application private internal storage area before it is loaded ." }, { "docid": "Asus_ZenWatch", "title": "", "text": "The Asus ZenWatch is an Android Wear-based smartwatch announced on September 3 , 2014 at IFA and released by Asus on November 9 , 2014 . It uses Android Wear , a modified version of Android designed specifically for smartwatches and other wearables . ASUS also provides a custom app manager for this watch called the ZenWatch manager . It 's a free app . For health tracking , you can use the ASUS ZenFit app as well as other health apps including Google Fit . It is compatible with all smartphones running Android 4.3 or higher that support Bluetooth LE . Android Wear features a notification system based on Google Now technology that enables it to receive spoken commands from the user . The ZenWatch has IP55 certification for resistance to water jets . It has a user-replaceable buckle-based strap . The watch has a small power key but an always-on display . The original ZenWatch was succeeded by the ZenWatch 2 . Both are square . On November 11 , 2016 , ASUS released the ZenWatch 3 . It is round . One feature that distinguishes the ZenWatch 3 from many smartwatches is that you can charge it to 60 % charge in only 15 minutes ." }, { "docid": "Samsung_Galaxy_NX", "title": "", "text": "The Samsung Galaxy NX is a hybrid mirrorless interchangeable lens camera manufactured by Samsung which was announced in June 2013 . The Galaxy NX is an Android ( 4.2.2 , upgradeable to Android Jelly Bean MR1 ) based mobile device which is the first of its kind . It is a 20.3 megapixel using the Samsung NX-mount as well as Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity , and a GPS receiver by which the camera can make geotagged photographs . While the device is runs on Android it is not a smartphone in the sense that it does n't have a telephone function . Instead its wireless connectivity can be used for telecommunication ( including video ) over the Internet . Included software allows for in-camera organizing , editing and online sharing or storage of images and videos . As with other Android devices , other software can be downloaded from Google Play . The device has a `` familiar DSLR look '' , with no camera in the back . It has a larger LCD touchscreen than is customary for that category but fewer buttons/dials for controlling it . The screen or voice control is used more . The device has one processor for Android and another , DRIMe IV , for photographic processing ." }, { "docid": "Prosper_Higiro", "title": "", "text": "Prosper Higiro ( born 28 January 1961 ) is a Rwandan politician and member of the Liberal Party as its official chairperson . Since 10 October 2004 , Prosper has been a Senator and Vice-President of the Senate representing the Kirehe District in the Eastern Province . Prosper has worked extensively in the Ministry of Commerce , Industry and Handcraft . He is also a member of the Pan-African Parliament . In the 2010 Presidential election he gained 1.37 % of the vote , coming third ." }, { "docid": "Android_fat_distribution", "title": "", "text": "Android fat distribution describes the distribution of human adipose tissue mainly around the trunk and upper body , in areas such as the abdomen , chest , shoulder and nape of the neck . This pattern may lead to an `` apple-shaped '' body or central obesity , and is more common in males than in females . Thus , the android fat distribution of men is about 48.6 % , which is 10.3 % higher than that of premenstrual women . In other cases , an ovoid shape forms which does not differentiate between men and women.Generally during early adulthood , females tend to have a more peripheral fat distribution such that their fat is evenly distributed over their body . However , it has been found that as females age , bear children and approach menopause , this distribution shifts towards the android pattern of fat distribution resulting in a 42.1 % increase in android body fat distribution in postmenstrual women . This is to help centre a woman 's gravity making her more stable when carrying offspring . Android fat distribution is contrasted with gynoid fat distribution ; fat around the hips , thighs and bottom , causing a `` pear-shape '' . This more female-patterned fat distribution has been linked to risk factors for cardiovascular disease , in both males and females . Android fat tends to be associated with cellulite , and lumpy appearance of the skin - usually undesired by women . This article will look at cosmetic implications of such subcutaneous fat such as liposuction . Jean Vague , a physician from Marseilles , was one of the first individuals to bring to attention the increased risk of developing certain diseases in individuals with an android distribution compared to a gynoid distribution . For example , Diabetes and Gout . There are other health consequences beyond these , including psychological consequences ." }, { "docid": "Android-x86", "title": "", "text": "Android-x86 is an unofficial initiative to port Google 's Android mobile operating system to run on devices powered by AMD and Intel x86 processors , rather than RISC-based ARM chips . The project began as a series of patches to the Android source code to enable Android to run on various netbooks , tablets and ultra-mobile PC . Chih-Wei Huang and Yi Sun originated the project in 2009 . Yi Sun then quit due to personal affairs . Chih-Wei Huang is the current project maintainer , that has collaborated with Jide technology ( that makes Remix OS ) , prior to joining that company ." }, { "docid": "Jainism_in_Nagaland", "title": "", "text": "thumb \| right \| Jain temple in Dimapur , Dimapur district Nagaland , a state in north eastern India has had a long association with Jainism . Today the state has two Jain temples and has become home to hundreds of Jain families living prosperously and peacefully ." } ]
66130	Saddam Hussein died in 1937.	[ { "docid": "Saddam_Hussein", "title": "", "text": "Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic : صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي ; 28 April 1937 -- 30 December 2006 ) was the fifth President of Iraq , serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003 . A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party , and later , the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party -- which espoused Ba'athism , a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism -- Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup ( later referred to as the 17 July Revolution ) that brought the party to power in Iraq . As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr , and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government , Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflict between the government and the armed forces . In the early 1970s , Saddam nationalized oil and other industries . The state-owned banks were put under his control , leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran -- Iraq War , the Gulf War , and UN sanctions . Through the 1970s , Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatuses of government as oil money helped Iraq 's economy to grow at a rapid pace . Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs , a minority that made up only a fifth of the population . Saddam formally rose to power in 1979 , although he had been the de facto head of Iraq for several years prior . He suppressed several movements , particularly Shi'a and Kurdish movements , seeking to overthrow the government or gain independence , and maintained power during the Iran -- Iraq War and the Gulf War . Whereas some in the Arab world lauded Saddam for his opposition to the United States and for attacking Israel -- he was widely condemned for the brutality of his dictatorship . The total number of Iraqis killed by the security services of Saddam 's government in various purges and genocides is conservatively estimated at 250,000 . In 2003 , a coalition led by the U.S. invaded Iraq to depose Saddam , in which U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda . Saddam 's Ba'ath party was disbanded and elections were held . Following his capture on 13 December 2003 , the trial of Saddam took place under the Iraqi Interim Government . On 5 November 2006 , Saddam was convicted of charges of crimes against humanity related to the 1982 killing of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites , and was sentenced to death by hanging . His execution was carried out on 30 December 2006 ." }, { "docid": "Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr", "title": "", "text": "Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr ( أحمد حسن البكر ; 1 July 1914 -- 4 October 1982 ) was the fourth President of Iraq , serving in this capacity from 17 July 1968 until 16 July 1979 . A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party , and later , the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organisation Ba'ath Party -- Iraq Region ( the Ba'ath Party 's Iraqi branch ) , which espoused ba'athism , a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism . Al-Bakr first rose to prominence following the 14 July Revolution which overthrew the monarchy . In the newly established government , al-Bakr was involved in improving Iraqi -- Soviet relations . In 1959 al-Bakr was forced to resign from the Iraqi military ; the then Iraqi government accused him of being involved in anti-government activities . Following his forced retirement , he became the chairman of the Ba'ath Party 's Iraqi branch 's Military Bureau . Through this office he was able to recruit members to the ba'athist cause through patronage and cronyism . Prime Minister Abd al-Karim Qasim was overthrown in the Ramadan ( 8 February ) Revolution ; al-Bakr was appointed Prime Minister , and later , Vice President of Iraq in a ba'ath - nasserist coalition government . The government lasted for little more than a year , and was ousted in November 1963 . Following the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 's ouster from government in 1963 , al-Bakr and the party pursued underground activities and became vocal critics of the government . It was during this period that al-Bakr was elected the Ba'ath Party 's Iraqi branch 's Secretary General ( the head ) , and appointed his cousin , Saddam Hussein , to be the party cell 's deputy leader . Al-Bakr and the Ba'ath Party regained power in the coup of 1968 , later referred to as the 17 July Revolution . In the coup 's aftermath , al-Bakr was elected Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council and President ; he was later appointed Prime Minister . Saddam , the Ba'ath Party 's deputy , became Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council and Vice President , and was responsible for Iraq 's security services . During his rule , Iraq was blossoming ; high economic growth due to high international oil prices strengthened Iraq 's role in the Arab world and increased the people 's standard of living . Land reforms were introduced , and wealth was distributed more equally . A sort of socialist economy was established in the late-1970s , under the direction of Saddam . Al-Bakr gradually lost power to Saddam in the 1970s , when the latter strengthened his position within the party and the state through security services . In 1979 , al-Bakr resigned from all public offices for `` health reasons '' and died in 1982 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Saddam_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Saddam Hussein ( 1937-2006 ) was the 5th President of Iraq . Saddam may refer to : Saddam ( name ) , an Arabic given name Saddam Beach , a village in India Saddam : The Secret Life , a biographical book about Saddam Hussein Sadr City , a district of Baghdad , named `` Saddam City '' from 1983 -- 2003 Baghdad International Airport , named `` Saddam International Airport '' from 1979 -- 2003 Al-Nahrain University in Baghdad , named `` Saddam University '' from 1986 -- 2003 Mosul Dam , formerly named Saddam Dam" }, { "docid": "Saddam_Hussain_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Saddam Hussain may refer to : Saddam Hussein ( 1937 -- 2006 ) , Iraqi president Saddam Hussain ( athlete ) ( born 1991 ) , missing Pakistani runner Saddam Hussain ( footballer ) ( born 1993 ) , Pakistani football player Saddam Hossain ( cricketer , born 1994 ) , Bangladeshi cricketer Saddam Hossain ( cricketer , born 1995 ) , Bangladeshi cricketer" }, { "docid": "Reactions_to_the_execution_of_Saddam_Hussein", "title": "", "text": "Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein were varied . Some strongly supported the execution , particularly those personally affected by Saddam 's actions as leader . Some of these victims wished to see him brought to trial for his other actions , alleged to have resulted in a much greater number of deaths than those for which he was convicted . Some believed the execution would boost morale in Iraq , while others feared it would incite further violence . Many in the international community supported Saddam being brought to justice , but objected in particular to the use of capital punishment . Saddam 's supporters condemned the action as unjust . `` The world will know that Saddam Hussein lived honestly , died honestly , and maintained his principles . He did not lie when he declared his trial null '' , said Saddam 's lawyers in a statement . A spokeswoman for Saddam 's daughters reported , `` They felt very proud as they saw their father facing his executioners so bravely . '' In Amman , the capital of Jordan , Saddam 's eldest daughter , Raghad Hussein , joined protests against her father 's execution . Protesters expressed sentiment that Saddam is a martyr and that he was the only Arab leader who said no to the United States . According to reports from an official , there was dancing and Shi'a chants around Saddam 's body after the execution took place . Two days after the execution , the Iraqi government launched an inquiry into the taunting and the way the execution was filmed . United States ' forces braced for a backlash of violence in Iraq due to the execution . United States President George W. Bush stated that Saddam 's death would not end the violence in Iraq . In Tikrit , Iraq , where Saddam was buried , police barred entrances to and departures from the city for four days as a safety precaution ." }, { "docid": "Adnan_Khairallah", "title": "", "text": "Adnan Khairallah ( عدنان خير الله طلفاح died 4 May 1989 ) , was Saddam Hussein 's brother-in-law ( Sajida Talfah 's brother and Khairallah Talfah 's son ) and cousin . He held several titles and was a member of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council . He also served as the Defence Minister of Iraq from 1979 to his death , having been appointed days after Saddam Hussein succeeded to the Presidency . He died in 1989 in a helicopter crash that was officially labeled an accident . The circumstances surrounding his death , including his disputes with Saddam and rumors of a potential coup have led some to believe Khairallah was assassinated under orders from Saddam ." }, { "docid": "Al-Awja", "title": "", "text": "This article is about a town in Iraq . For the West Bank town , see al-Auja , Jericho . For the past Palestinian village , see Auja al-Hafir . For the river , see Yarkon River . Al-Awja ( العوجا also known as Owja , Al-Auja or Al-Ouja ) is a village 8 miles ( 13 km ) south of Tikrit , in Iraq on the western bank of the Tigris . It was the birthplace of the former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein in 1937 and home of many of the leaders of Iraqi provinces during his Presidency over Iraq . When Saddam was found by the 4th Infantry Division , he was hiding only a few miles from his hometown in the town of ad-Dawr . Saddam Hussein was buried in this village before dawn on December 31 , 2006 , less than 24 hours after his execution took place for his major responsibility in crimes against humanity in Iraq . During the fighting in the Second Battle of Tikrit , Saddam Hussein 's tomb was levelled by ISIL . After Iraqi forces took the control of the village , Shia militiamen of the Popular Mobilization Committee put Shia militia 's insignia around the village , including that of Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani ." }, { "docid": "Saddam_Hussein_Nagar,_Sri_Lanka", "title": "", "text": "Saddam Hussein Town is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka . It is named after Saddam Hussein , former President of Iraq , who donated all the funds required to build the village and its central Mosque . Saddam Hussein first became involved in the village after floods hit the area in 1978 and local authorities approached the Iraqi embassy for help . The former president was said to have readily obliged and sponsored construction of the entire village with some 100 houses , including a school and a mosque . After the capture of Saddam by United States military forces , the villagers of Saddam Hussein Village were critical of the U.S. policy in Iraq . Among the comments recorded by the BBC were : that the arrest was `` unacceptable '' . that it was one more example of U.S. high-handedness and dictatorship . that the U.S. was evading the issue of the missing weapons of mass destruction . that they were receiving a number of reports about the murder of innocent people and harassment of women in Iraq ." }, { "docid": "Trial_of_Saddam_Hussein", "title": "", "text": "The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office . The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal ( IST ) , consisting of five Iraqi judges , on 9 December 2003 , to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes , crimes against humanity , and genocide . The trial was viewed by many as a kangaroo court or show trial . Amnesty International stated that the trial was `` unfair , '' and Human Rights Watch judged that Saddam 's execution `` follows a flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the rule of law in Iraq . '' Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on 13 December 2003 . He remained in custody by United States forces at Camp Cropper in Baghdad , along with eleven senior Ba'athist officials . Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran -- Iraq War , against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts , and in Dujail after a failed assassination attempt on 8 July 1982 , during the Iran -- Iraq War . Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown , and was still the president of Iraq . The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 19 October 2005 . At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the Islamic Dawa Party ( see also human rights abuses in Iraq under Saddam Hussein ) . A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006 , trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the Anfal military campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq . On 5 November 2006 , Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging . On 26 December , Saddam 's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld . No further appeals were taken and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date . The date and place of the execution were secret until the sentence was carried out . Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging on 30 December 2006 . With his death , all other charges were dropped ." }, { "docid": "Bassem_Hamad_al-Dawiri", "title": "", "text": "Bassem Hamad al-Dawiri ( died September 19 , 2007 ) was an Iraqi sculptor and artist . He helped create a Baghdad artist association , called the `` Survivors ' Group '' following the fall of the Saddam Hussein government in 2003 . Al-Dawiri was born in Iraq . He was a 1993 graduate of Baghdad College of Arts . Bassem Hamad al-Dawiri co-founded an artist association , called the `` Survivors ' Group , '' following the ouster of Saddam Hussein during the 2003 invasion of Iraq . The group has erected a number of statues throughout Baghdad , despite the violence . Al-Dawiri 's most famous work came after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein . On April 9 , 2003 , crowds of Iraqis , aided by United States Marines , toppled a massive statue of Saddam Hussein in Firdos Square , located in the heart of Baghdad . Pictures of the destruction of the statue , which depicted Saddam in a suit with his right arm outstretched , were aired on news broadcasts worldwide . Iraqis were jubilantly seen hitting the statue with their shoes and throwing garbage at Saddam 's likeness . Bassem Hamad al-Dawiri was asked by Iraq 's interim authorities to erect a new sculpture in Firdos Square less than one month after the destruction of the Saddam statue . Al-Dawiri and a group of artists whom he asked to work with him on the project , created a new modernist sculpture on the site of the old Saddam statue . Al-Dawiri 's new sculpture depicts branches reaching towards the Iraqi sky with a ball balancing on a crescent moon . The sculpture is meant to symbolize the unity of Iraq 's three main groups - Shias , Sunnis and Kurds . Critics have charged that the sculpture is meaningless considering the sectarian violence which has engulfed Baghdad and Iraq since 2003 . Al-Dawari also created a memorial statue dedicated to 18 Iraqi children killed in a suicide car blast in 2005 . The statue , which was located in a poor Shia neighborhood called New Baghdad in the eastern part of the city , was destroyed by explosives only months after its creation ." }, { "docid": "Hussein_Mjalli", "title": "", "text": "Hussein Mjalli ( 1937 -- 12 October 2014 ) was a Jordanian politician and lawyer . He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1989 until 1993 . He served as President of the Jordanian Bar Association for several terms . After the capture of Saddam Hussein in Iraq he joined his defence team , while still President of the Jordanian Bar Association . In 2011 he joined the government of Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit as Justice Minister . He resigned the same year ." }, { "docid": "Saddam:_The_Secret_Life", "title": "", "text": "Saddam : The Secret Life is a book by Con Coughlin . It tells the story of Iraqi dictator , Saddam Hussein , and his career . Category : Saddam Hussein Category : Biographies about politicians" }, { "docid": "Rana_Hussein", "title": "", "text": "Rana Saddam Hussein ( Arabic : رنا صدام حسين , born 1969 ) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq , Saddam Hussein and his first wife , Sajida Talfah . Her older sister is Raghad and younger sister is Hala Hussein . In 1986 , she married Saddam Kamel al-Majid , brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid , her elder sister Raghad 's husband , she has four children . She accompanied her husband to Jordan in 1995 , where she lived from August 8 of that year to February 20 , 1996 . They returned to Iraq after receiving assurances from Saddam Hussein that he would pardon Kamel and his brother , Hussein Kamel al-Majid . Despite this promise , before the end of the month both Kamels were shot and killed by other clan members who declared them traitors . In 1997 , her brother Uday Hussein put Rana and her sister Raghad under house arrest for being involved in a plot to assassinate him . On July 31 , 2003 , she went back to Jordan , where the king , Abdullah , granted her family asylum . Rana has three sons , Ahmad , Saad and Hussein , and a daughter named Naba ' ." }, { "docid": "Rafi_Daham_al-Tikriti", "title": "", "text": "Rafi ' Dahham Mejwel Al-Tikriti ( رافع دحام مجول التكريتي 24 April 1937 -- 11 October 1999 ) was Saddam Hussein 's second cousin , Member of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council , Director of the Iraqi Intelligence Service , the former Iraqi Ambassador to Turkey , and former Head of the Iraqi Secret Services , which is equivalent to the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) when conducting domestic activities . He was one of the well known political figures in Iraq . The former Iraqi Government during Saddam Hussein era announced his official death on 11 October 1999 where he was buried in Tikrit which is the home town of many senior members of the Iraqi government at the center of the province of Salah ad Din ." }, { "docid": "Sajida_Talfah", "title": "", "text": "Sajida Khairallah Talfah ( born June 24 , 1937 ) , is the widow and cousin of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein , and mother of two sons ( Uday and Qusay ) and three daughters ( Raghad , Rana , and Hala ) . She is the oldest daughter of Khairallah Talfah , her husband 's uncle . She was played by Shohreh Aghdashloo in the BBC adaptation House of Saddam in 2008 , in which her character played a major role ." }, { "docid": "1991_uprising_in_Saddam_City", "title": "", "text": "The 1991 uprising in Saddam City occurred in March 1991 as part of the wider anti-Saddam uprisings across Iraq , although the uprising in the Saddam City district of Baghdad was far more limited in scale that the kind of uprisings seen in southern Iraq . In response to the unrest in Saddam City , Saddam Hussein 's son Qusay Hussein led a siege of the district , with dissent being repressed . Baghdad as a whole remained quiet , with the capital serving not as a center for the uprisings , but as a staging-post for the government counter-offensive ." }, { "docid": "Raghad_Hussein", "title": "", "text": "Raghad Saddam Hussein ( رغد صدام حسين born 2 September 1968 ) is the eldest daughter of former President of Iraq , Saddam Hussein and Sajida Talfah ." }, { "docid": "February_2003_Saddam_Hussein_interview", "title": "", "text": "The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24 , 2003 , very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq . The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks . British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Hussein earlier that month ." }, { "docid": "Qusay_Hussein", "title": "", "text": "Qusay Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti ( or Qusai , قصي صدام حسين -- ) was the second son of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein . He was appointed as his father 's heir apparent in 2000 ." }, { "docid": "Jack_Frazier", "title": "", "text": "Jack Frazier ( 1937 -- 2003 ) was an American man who was taken hostage in 1990 by Saddam Hussein 's forces in Baghdad . Frazier was a diabetic and was denied his medication during his time as a hostage , which was close to one month . This affected him seriously , as he ended up losing his eyesight from one of his eyes as a consequence . Frazier sued the republic of Iraq in 1991 , and in April 2003 , Frazier was given the sum of 1,750,000 dollars as compensation . He was one of 180 people to successfully sue the Republic of Iraq . Frazier moved to Nevada after his ordeal . On June 2 of 2003 , he died in Lake Havasu City , Arizona , of complications related to his illness . Category :1937 births Category :2003 deaths Category : Deaths from diabetes" }, { "docid": "Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations", "title": "", "text": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda from 1992 to 2003 , specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service ( IIS ) . In the lead up to the Iraq War , U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and militant group al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States , basing the administration 's rationale for war , in part , on this allegation and others . The consensus of intelligence experts has been that these contacts never led to an operational relationship , and that consensus is backed up by reports from the independent 9/11 Commission and by declassified Defense Department reports as well as by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence , whose 2006 report of Phase II of its investigation into prewar intelligence reports concluded that there was no evidence of ties between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda . Critics of the Bush Administration have said Bush was intentionally building a case for war with Iraq without regard to factual evidence . On April 29 , 2007 , former Director of Central Intelligence George Tenet said on 60 Minutes , `` We could never verify that there was any Iraqi authority , direction and control , complicity with al-Qaeda for 9/11 or any operational act against America , period . ''" }, { "docid": "Tulfah_family", "title": "", "text": "The Tulfah family was the family of President Saddam Hussein of Ba'athist Iraq who ruled from 1979 to 2003 and established a single party authoritarian dictatorship under the control of the Ba'ath Party until the invasion by US/UK forces in 2003 . The Husseins are originally from Al-Awja , about 13 kilometers from Tikrit , and are members of the minority Sunni population . They are members of the al-Begat tribal group , a sub-group of the Al-Bu Nasir tribe . Since records are scant , the generation who controlled Iraq primarily are only known to stem from Saddam 's mother Subha Tulfah al-Mussallat or her brother Khairallah Talfah , who later became Saddam 's father-in-law . All the members of the Hussein or extended Talfah family have the Arabic surname Al-Tikriti and trace their origins to Al-Awja or several surrounding villages . During the rule of Saddam Hussein , family connections became a crucial part of Iraqi politics and many of his close family members were in charge of the ministries , military , and the Security Services ." }, { "docid": "In_the_Shadow_of_Saddam", "title": "", "text": "In the Shadow of Saddam is the first novel by Mikhael Ramadan . The book is a collection of memories . Ramadan , who claims to be an Iraqi defector and former Saddam Hussein 's body double , asserts in the book that in 1997 , Hussein had ordered to develop `` a highly virulent strain of West Nile virus as a bioterrorist weapon '' capable to kill 97 % of population in an urban environment ." }, { "docid": "Baghdad_Gymnasium", "title": "", "text": "Baghdad Gymnasium , , formerly Saddam Hussein Gymnasium , is a sports complex in Baghdad , Iraq adjacent to the Al-Shaab Stadium . Designed by Le Corbusier under the commission of King Faisal II in 1956 for potential use in the 1960 Summer Olympics . After Faisal II was overthrown in a military coup in 1958 the project went through several changes of design and location . The architect died in 1965 , leaving a wealth of drawings and studies for the multi functions of Baghdad 's Sports Complex that included a large stadium , tennis courts , swimming pools and a gymnasium . Only the later was finally built between 1978 and 1980 , to be inaugurated by and named after Iraq 's president Saddam Hussein . The American army troops occupied the Gymnasium as well as the Shaab district for some years following the Fall of Baghdad in 2003 ." }, { "docid": "Mizban_Khadr_al-Hadi", "title": "", "text": "Mizban Khadr al-Hadi ( Arabic : مزبان خضر الهادي ) was a General and politician in Ba'athist Iraq . He served as a member of the Revolutionary Command Council from 1991 to 2001 . Hadi was born in 1938 in Mandali District , in what is now Diyala Province . Hadi was extremely close to Saddam Hussein , serving as a key advisor since the early 1980s , particularly on Shiite affairs . He was made a Minister without portfolio in June 1982 , and before that served as Governor of Najaf . Hadi was decorated by Saddam Hussein for his role in both the Gulf War and the subsequent 1991 uprisings in Iraq . Due to his close links to Saddam Hussein , Hadi was elevated in March 2003 to command the central Euphrates region ; one of Iraq 's four military regions , as part of an attempt by Saddam Hussein to delegate command and strengthen Iraqi defenses against the 2003 Invasion of Iraq . Hadi was no. 23 on the Iraqi playing cards . Hadi was reported to have had been arrested by US Forces in Baghdad on 1 May 2003 . CENTCOM later claimed that Hadi was arrested on 8 July 2003 after turning himself in to Coalition forces in Baghdad ." }, { "docid": "Devil's_Dance", "title": "", "text": "Devil 's Dance may refer to : Devil 's Dance , novel by Saddam Hussein , see Saddam Hussein 's novels `` Devil 's Dance '' , song by Metallica from Reload" }, { "docid": "Remembering_Saddam", "title": "", "text": "Remembering Saddam is a documentary by Don North , a television news producer . The film follows the story of nine Iraqi businessmen who were arrested in 1995 by Saddam Hussein 's regime which was notorious for human rights abuses . They were charged with dealing in foreign currency and imprisoned in Abu Ghraib prison . After a short trial with no defense representation , they were sentenced to amputation of their right hands . The amputation was videotaped and used by Saddam Hussein as a deterrent to other would-be criminals . An `` X of shame '' was also carved into the foreheads of each man by the surgeons . After the 2003 invasion of Iraq , North tracked down the nine men ; seven of them ( one was deceased ) agreed to tell their stories . The documentary follows their story as organizations are lined up to donate surgical services , transportation and prosthetic limbs . Transportation was provided by Continental Airlines . Dr. Agris and Dr. Kestler of Houston donated their time . Medical facilities were provided by Methodist Hospital in Houston . The prosthetic hands which normally cost $ 50,000 each were donated by Otto Bock , a German-American company . The gruesome footage of their amputations performed by doctors in the employ of Saddam Hussein is presented in increments as the documentary unfolds . The `` Xs of shame '' on every man 's forehead were also removed . , Remembering Saddam is not scheduled for broadcast because North has yet to find a network willing to broadcast it ." }, { "docid": "Umm_al-Qura_Mosque", "title": "", "text": "The Umm al-Qura ( `` Mother of All Cities '' ) mosque in Baghdad is the city 's largest place of worship for Sunni Muslims . Originally called the Umm al-Ma ` arik ( `` Mother of All Battles '' ) mosque , it was designed to commemorate Saddam Hussein 's victory in the 1991 Gulf War and was intended to serve as a personal tribute to Saddam himself . It is located in the Sunni-populated al-Adel area of western Baghdad . Costing $ 7.5 million to build , the mosque 's cornerstone was laid on Saddam 's 61st birthday on 28 April 1998 . It was formally completed on 28 April 2001 in time for the ten-year anniversary of the Gulf War . Although never confirmed by his regime or himself during his lifetime , there has been speculation that it was intended to have been Saddam 's final resting place . Many architectural features of the mosque and the surrounding complex allude to either Saddam or the war ( or both ) . It has four minarets on its perimeter , each resembling a Kalashnikov rifle barrel and standing 43 m high , marking the 43 days of the Gulf War . Around the dome are another four minarets , each in the shape of a Scud missile on its launchpad standing 37 m high . The dome is set in the middle of a lake in the shape of the Arab world , in which was set a 7.5 m wide mosaic representation of Saddam 's thumbprint with an inset magnified version of his initials , made from gold . The mosque was formerly used to display a Qur ` an written in Saddam 's blood . The 28 fountains of the lake , the four inner minarets and the 37 m height of each minaret together represent the date of Saddam 's birth - 28 April 1937 . The building is constructed from white limestone with blue mosaic decorations , and red , white and black Iraqi flags are painted on the peaks of the inner minarets . Following the fall of Saddam Hussein in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq , the mosque was taken over by a Sunni group called the Association of Muslim Scholars . It became a recruiting site and propaganda centre for the early Iraqi insurgency . The association became a de facto Al Qaeda ally ; its leader Harith Suleiman al-Dhari , who operated out of the mosque , is said to have played a key role in mobilizing insurgents during the 2004 fighting in Fallujah , west of Baghdad . In 2007 , the association was expelled by the Sunni Endowment , a quasi-governmental agency responsible for Sunni mosques in Iraq , which took control of Umm al-Qura . On 28 August 2011 , the mosque was attacked by a suicide bomber during prayers , killing at least 28 people and injuring 30 more . An Iraqi member of parliament was among the dead ." }, { "docid": "Timeline_of_Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations", "title": "", "text": "This article is a chronological listing of allegations of meetings between members of al-Qaeda and members of Saddam Hussein 's government , as well as other information relevant to conspiracy theories involving Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda . In 2003 , American terrorism analyst Evan Kohlman said in an interview : While there have been a number of promising intelligence leads hinting at possible meetings between al-Qaeda members and elements of the former Baghdad regime , nothing has been yet shown demonstrating that these potential contacts were historically any more significant than the same level of communication maintained between Osama bin Laden and ruling elements in a number of Iraq 's Persian Gulf neighbors , including Saudi Arabia , Iran , Yemen , Qatar , and Kuwait . In 2006 , a report of postwar findings by the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence concluded that : The same report also concluded that : The result of the publication of the Senate report was the belief that the entire connection between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda was an official deception based on cherry picking specific intelligence data that bolstered the case for war with Iraq regardless of its reliability . One instance of this reaction was reported in a BBC news article , which stated :" }, { "docid": "Abbas_Khalaf", "title": "", "text": "Dr. Abbas Khalaf was Saddam Hussein 's personal Russian/Arabic interpreter and translator . He was appointed by Saddam Hussein as the Iraqi Ambassador to Russia . After the 2003 invasion of Iraq he remained in Russia with his family ." }, { "docid": "Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein", "title": "", "text": "The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday , 30 December , 2006 . Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging , after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982 , in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him . The Iraqi government released an official videotape of his execution , showing him being led to the gallows , and ending after his head was in the hangman 's noose . International public controversy arose when a mobile phone recording of the hanging showed him surrounded by a contingent of his countrymen who jeered him in Arabic and praised the Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr , and his subsequent fall through the trap door of the gallows . The atmosphere of the execution drew criticism around the world from nations that oppose as well as support capital punishment . On Sunday 31 December 2006 , Saddam Hussein 's body was returned to his birthplace of Al-Awja , near Tikrit , and was buried near the graves of other family members ." }, { "docid": "Saddam_Hussein's_novels", "title": "", "text": "Saddam Hussein , the late President of Iraq , wrote four novels and a number of poems . The first two books ( Zabibah and the King and The Fortified Castle ) were `` Written by He Who Wrote It '' , a traditional way in Arabic writing to preserve anonymity ." } ]
208823	Tim Rice has collaborated with someone.	[ { "docid": "Tim_Rice", "title": "", "text": "Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice ( born 10 November 1944 ) is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken ( Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David ) , Elton John ( The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado ) and Ennio Morricone . One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Talbot_Rice_Gallery", "title": "", "text": "Talbot Rice Gallery is part of the University of Edinburgh , in Scotland . The Gallery focuses on contemporary art exhibitions and has collaborated with some of the world 's leading international artists including Rosemarie Trockel , Joseph Kosuth and Tim Rollins and K.O.S. . Being part of a University , Talbot Rice Gallery also creates links between artists and academics , providing access to cutting edge research and historic collections . The Gallery 's website states : `` Being part of the University of Edinburgh allows Talbot Rice to collaborate with a range of departments , academics and students to make distinct exhibitions . We believe contemporary art is at its most vital when it creates new connections between different disciplines , engages people with varied specialist understandings and forges new pathways between the present and the past . ''" }, { "docid": "The_Ultimate_Bee_Gees", "title": "", "text": "The Ultimate Bee Gees is a compilation album released to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the Bee Gees . Although the group did not start recording until 1963 on Festival Records in Australia , they began calling themselves the `` Bee Gees '' in 1959 after several name changes such as `` Wee Johnny Hayes and the Bluecats '' , `` The Rattlesnakes '' and `` BG 's '' . Each disc is themed with the first containing more upbeat songs , called A Night Out , and the second containing slower songs and ballads , called A Night In , though the cover art does not distinguish this theme . Liner notes were written by Sir Tim Rice . This also marks the return of the 1970s era logo on an official Bee Gees release , which was last used on the Bee Gees ' 1983 single `` Someone Belonging to Someone '' ." }, { "docid": "Nasi_tim", "title": "", "text": "Nasi tim is a Chinese-Indonesian steamed chicken rice . In Indonesian language nasi means ( cooked ) rice and tim means steam . The ingredients are chicken , mushroom and hard boiled egg . These are seasoned in soy sauce and garlic , and then placed at the bottom of a tin bowl . This tin bowl is then filled with rice and steamed until cooked . This dish is usually served with light chicken broth and chopped leeks ." }, { "docid": "Blondel_(musical)", "title": "", "text": "Blondel , a rock opera musical by Tim Rice ( book and lyrics ) and Stephen Oliver ( music ) , was inspired by , and very loosely based on , the life of the eponymous French troubadour . The play is set during the period of the Third Crusade . Originally conceived by Tim Rice during his collaboration with Andrew Lloyd Webber , the project was originally titled `` Come Back , Richard , Your Country Needs You '' and a single of the same title was recorded in 1969 . The project was shelved until Rice met Stephen Oliver in the 1970s , and the pair began working on a musical centering on King Richard I of England ; as it developed , the project shifted its focus to a minstrel in the King 's court , vying for pop-stardom , and his ` progressive ' girlfriend . Though the musical is largely a comic romp , it does tackle some serious issues . Historically , Blondel lays out the basic goings-on of the Third Crusade as told through the eyes of the English political environment . Although the musical frequently mentions the Crusade , it is never actually shown , excepting Richard 's imprisonment in Austria upon his return trip . The play also deals with one of the many assassination attempts made on Richard , and an attempt by Prince John to the steal the throne of England from his brother . As the Monks say at the end of Act One , ` Who said this piece was n't educational ? ' Blondel opened in London on 2 November 1983 and played in two different theatres in the West End , eventually closing after less than two years . After more than twenty years away from a professional London stage , it returned at the Pleasance Theatre in Islington . The new production starred Abi Finley , semi finalist of the hit BBC1 show How Do You Solve A Problem Like Maria ? , and Chris Grierson , a regular from the teen soap , Hollyoaks . Produced by Pete Shaw , and directed by Patrick Wilde , the revived version of Blondel appeared for a limited season of six weeks . Rice continued to develop the script and has recently created a new version of the show . This re-worked version ( now titled Lute ! ) is getting its world premiere at the University of Texas at El Paso Dinner Theater and will run from 27 January 2012 until 12 February 2012 . Although many productions have been staged worldwide , Blondel has never appeared on Broadway ." }, { "docid": "Aspects_of_Love", "title": "", "text": "Aspects of Love is a musical with a book and music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Don Black and Charles Hart . It is famous for the song `` Love Changes Everything . '' Based on the novella of the same name by David Garnett , the piece focuses on the romantic entanglements of actress Rose Vibert , her admiring fan Alex Dillingham , his underage cousin Jenny , his uncle George , and George 's mistress , sculptor Giulietta Trapani , over a period of 17 years . The `` aspects '' of the title refers to the many forms that love takes in the show : love between couples , both as romantic infatuation and as married people ; children and their parents ; and hints of same-sex attraction ( Giulietta and Rose ) . Lloyd Webber was introduced to Aspects of Love in 1979 , when he and Tim Rice were approached to write a few songs for a proposed film version . When nothing came of it , he suggested to Trevor Nunn that they collaborate on a stage adaptation . In 1983 , they presented a cabaret of numbers they had written , but it was not until five years later that they tackled the project in earnest . For the finished project , Lloyd Webber used at least five of the tunes he had written for the 1986 one-act musical Cricket , which he had written with Tim Rice ." }, { "docid": "Tim_Rice-Oxley", "title": "", "text": "Timothy James `` Tim '' Rice-Oxley ( born 2 June 1976 ) , is a musician , producer , singer and multi-instrumentalist , best known for being the keyboardist , singer and songwriter of the British pop rock band Keane . In 2010 , Rice-Oxley formed a side-project , Mt. Desolation , with his Keane bandmate Jesse Quin ." }, { "docid": "Tim_Hart_(Australian_musician)", "title": "", "text": "Tim Hart ( born 1984 ) is a Sydney-based singer-songwriter , better known for his role as drummer and backing vocalist of Australian indie folk-rock band Boy & Bear . As a member of Boy & Bear , Hart has found great success , with three top-ten Australian albums in Moonfire ( August 2011 ) , Harlequin Dream ( August 2013 ) and Limit of Love ( October 2015 ) , and five ARIA-award wins . Hart lists Simon & Garfunkel , Bob Dylan , Neil Young , Crosby , Stills and Nash , and current folk artists Fionn Regan and Sam Amidon as musical inspirations . Through international travel with Boy & Bear , Hart explored his solo songwriting capabilities and crafted an album 's worth of material that champions his skills as a lyricist and musician . While recording Moonfire ( 2011 ) in Nashville , Tennessee , and facing difficulties and hindrances in this recording experience , Hart made a conscious decision to make an album void of the pressures of conflict in the studio and focus on enjoyment and collaboration . `` I was convinced that making records should be fun . I loved recording growing up : that 's what I was looking for -- and for someone I could produce it with ... be collaborative with , experimental '' . Through collaborations with multi-instrumentalist and producer Mark Myers , Hart brought the song ideas from tour into fruition . Recorded over two weeks in September 2011 , Hart 's debut album Milling in the Wind was crafted in the comfort of Myers ' home studio in Cairns . The album , described as folk-inspired finery , features a number of familiar guests including Boy & Bear frontman Dave Hosking , ex-Boy & Bear bandmate Jake Tarasenko , the Middle East 's Jordan Ireland , and New Zealand singer-songwriter Luke Thompson . The instrumentation of the album encompasses folk staples such as the banjo , flute and harmonica , and the innovative use of a tuned-down piano featured on the tracks `` So Come the Rain '' and `` Wicked Winters '' ." }, { "docid": "Stephen_James_Bennett", "title": "", "text": "Stephen ( James ) Bennett is an English musician , writer and film maker born in Skelmersdale , Lancashire . He plays various keyboards , drums and the guitar . He first came to public attention in the band LaHost in the 1980s as part of the New wave of progressive rock who had headlined at the Marquee Club in London . Since the Lahost split , Bennett has pursued music careers with his own band The Fire Thieves , and worked with Tim Bowness and the band Henry Fool . He also sang and played keyboards on two of The Opium Cartel albums . His 2014 collaboration with Tim Bowness , Abandoned Dancehall Dreams reached number 18 in the UK Rock Chart . A co-composed track from the album , Smiler at 50 , was nominated for a Prog magazine award in 2014 . Another collaboration with Tim Bowness , Stupid things that mean the world reached number 10 in the UK Rock Chart . Bennett has co-composed the majority of the songs on Tim Bowness ' 2017 album , Lost in the Ghost light as well as playing keyboards , guitar , editing , recordig and preparing material for mixing by Steven Wilson . Bennett also collaborated with Lady Sara Rönneke , David Torn , Hugh Hopper and David Picking . He has made music videos for Tim Bowness and Peter Chilvers and No-Man and has completed one narrative short film , The Perfect Number . He has written about Apple 's Logic Pro Digital Audio Workstation software for Sound on Sound , amongst others , as well as several books on music technology for PC-Publishing . He writes for Audiomedia , Tape-op , Pro sound news and Electronic sound magazines ." }, { "docid": "Peter_Chilvers_(musician)", "title": "", "text": "Peter Chilvers is a Cambridgeshire-based British musician and software designer . Chilvers has created several iPhone applications in collaboration with Brian Eno . As a musician , he is best known as a collaborator with Eno and with Tim Bowness , but has also worked with Karl Hyde , Natalie Imbruglia , Chris Martin and others . He is one of the three co-founders of the Burning Shed online record label ( with Tim Bowness and Pete Morgan ) ." }, { "docid": "The_Rice_School", "title": "", "text": "The Rice School ( La Escuela Rice ) is a K-8 school ( the school serves grades kindergarten through 8 ) in Houston , Texas . Rice is a part of the Houston Independent School District . Rice is a magnet school that has Houston ISD 's `` Technology and Spanish '' program . Rice School is a part of a collaboration between Houston ISD and Rice University . Students living near Rice are not zoned to Rice , as Rice is an all-magnet school . Individuals living near Rice are zoned to either Twain or Roberts elementary schools and Pershing Middle School . The Rice School is located east of the Braeswood Place neighborhood . It is across from the City of West University Place Sewage Plant and Animal Pound , which itself is located in the Houston city limits . The school was named after William Marsh Rice , the founder of Rice University ." }, { "docid": "Elton_John_and_Tim_Rice's_Aida", "title": "", "text": "Elton John and Tim Rice 's Aida is a 1999 concept album that contains songs from , but predates the main production of , the 2000 musical Aida . With music by Elton John and lyrics by Tim Rice , the album features Elton John performing the songs along with pop stars Janet Jackson , Tina Turner , Sting , Lenny Kravitz , Shania Twain , Boyz II Men , Spice Girls , James Taylor , LeAnn Rimes , Kelly Price , Lulu , Angelique Kidjo , and Dru Hill . Additionally , two tracks , `` A Step Too Far '' and `` Elaborate Lives '' , feature the voices of Aida cast-members-to-be Heather Headley and Sherie Rene Scott . The album was certified gold in April 1999 by the RIAA . `` Written in the Stars '' was released as a single , reaching No. 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 2 on the Adult Contemporary chart . The single was certified gold in April 1999 by the RIAA . `` The Messenger '' makes its only appearance here , as it would be cut from the Broadway production and consequently left off the cast album . This record is sometimes known as the `` Concept Album '' for Aida , both because it came before the production and to distinguish it from the 2000 release of Elton John and Tim Rice 's Aida : Original Broadway Cast Recording , a conventional original cast recording of the Broadway production ." }, { "docid": "Tim_Goodyear", "title": "", "text": "Timothy `` Tim '' Patrick Goodyear ( born August 1977 ) is an American minicomics publisher , distributor , and comics artist from San Jose , CA . He has been a contributor to Tim Root 's Crappy Comics , Sean Aaberg 's PORK ( magazine ) , and has compiled several collaborative zines ." }, { "docid": "Johnathan_Rice", "title": "", "text": "Johnathan Rice ( born May 27 , 1983 ) is a Scottish-American singer-songwriter . He frequently collaborates with Jenny Lewis . His first album , Trouble is Real , was released on Reprise Records on April 26 , 2005 . His follow-up , Further North , was released by Reprise on September 11 , 2007 . He has also worked as a producer on Jenny Lewis ' Acid Tongue ( 2008 ) and Voyager ( 2014 ) , and as a songwriter on the self-titled record by Nashville band The Apache Relay . He has served as a session and live musician with Elvis Costello on 2008 's Momofuku ) . In 2010 , he released a collaborative album `` I 'm Having Fun Now '' with Jenny Lewis , as Jenny and Johnny . In 2013-14 , Rice and Lewis scored and wrote seven original songs for the movie Song One ( 2014 ) , starring Anne Hathaway ." }, { "docid": "BioScience_Research_Collaborative", "title": "", "text": "The BioScience Research Collaborative ( BRC ) is a collaborative life science research building in the Texas Medical Center in Houston , Texas . It is similar in concept to the Clark Center/BioX at Stanford University and the Broad Institute at MIT , among other collaborative centers . After Rice University President David Leebron announced his `` Vision for the Second Century , '' including plans to increase research funding , build up existing programs , and increase collaboration between Rice and other entities , the construction of the BRC went forward with the intention of fostering collaboration with the neighboring Texas Medical Center . The BRC was built by Rice University , and officially opened in April 2010 . A unique characteristic of the BRC as compared to other academic research institutes is the shared research space by faculty from Rice University and groups from neighboring Texas Medical Center institutions . Collaborative research provides an advantage over traditional research in that multiple professors , or principal investigators , and their laboratory groups work together on different aspects of the same problem which usually results in finding a solution in a shorter amount of time. ," }, { "docid": "Mt._Desolation", "title": "", "text": "Mt. Desolation is an English band formed by Tim Rice-Oxley and Jesse Quin , members of the rock band Keane , as a side-project . Their self-titled debut album was released on October 18 , 2010 . The live band consists primarily of Tim Rice-Oxley , Jesse Quin , Jessica Staveley-Taylor , Fimbo , John-William Scott and Phil Renna ." }, { "docid": "Rice-Oxley", "title": "", "text": "Rice-Oxley is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Alan Rice-Oxley ( 1896 -- 1961 ) , British World War I flying ace Tim Rice-Oxley ( born 1976 ) , British musician , producer , singer , multi-instrumentalist and member of the band Keane Mark Rice-Oxley ( born 1969 ) , British journalist , editor and columnist at The Guardian newspaper David Rice-Oxley , Hackney Council VCS" }, { "docid": "Omor", "title": "", "text": "Omor in Ayamelum local government area of Anambra state in Nigeria , is on the shores of the Omambala River . It is thought to be geographically the largest town in Anambra closely followed by Agulu . It also has a large population and is made up of the villages of Akanator , Aturia , Amikwe and Orenja . There have been communal clashes between Omor and Igbakwu locals over land on the border of both towns . It has good vegetation , fertile lands for production of food crops such as rice , maize , yam , cassava and assorted fruits . The Nigerian Federal Government started the rehabilitation of the Lower Anambra River Irrigation Rice Farm project at Omor , which has resuscitated the growing of rice in that part of the State . 40 hectares of Fadama land have been cultivated with rice in Omor under the collaborative arrangement between the state government and farmers under the auspices of the state Rice Farmers Co-operative Union Limited . In addition a new rice mill complex with units for parboling , milling , destoning , and bagging capacity sufficient to produce over 10,000 metric tonnes of high quality rice annually is enhancing production of the staple food for local consumption and export ." }, { "docid": "Tim_Squyres", "title": "", "text": "Timothy S. `` Tim '' Squyres ( born March 29 , 1959 ) is an American film editor with about 30 film credits . Squyres has had an extended collaboration with the Taiwanese director Ang Lee , having edited all but one of Lee 's feature films . His latest collaboration with Jonathan Demme on the film A Master Builder opened in New York during June 2014 and was based on the 19th century play by Henrik Ibsen ." }, { "docid": "Love_Hurts_(Elaine_Paige_album)", "title": "", "text": "Love Hurts is the fifth solo album by Elaine Paige , released in 1985 , on the Warner Music label . The album peaked at # 8 in the UK album chart . The album has also been released on CD . It was the third of Paige 's recordings to be produced by Tony Visconti , after Stages in 1983 and Cinema in 1984 . It was also recorded at Visconti 's Good Earth Studios in London . This album saw Paige return to mainstream pop and a move away from her previous two themed albums . One song only was taken from her usual musical theater career . The song `` I Know Him So Well '' had been released as a single in 1984 and proved very popular when it reached No. 1 position in the UK chart . Paige recorded the song as a duet with Barbara Dickson for the Chess concept album . Paige collaborated with Tim Rice on the lyrics for `` All Things Considered '' , which were set to a melody by Vangelis ." }, { "docid": "Aida_(musical)", "title": "", "text": "Aida ' ( also known as Elton John and Tim Rice 's Aida ) is a musical based on the opera of the same name by Giuseppe Verdi . It has music by Elton John , lyrics by Tim Rice , and book by Linda Woolverton , Robert Falls , and David Henry Hwang , and was originally produced by Walt Disney Theatrical.Aida '' premiered on Broadway on March 23 , 2000 , running for 1,852 performances until September 5 , 2004 . It was nominated for five Tony Awards and won four including Best Original Score and Best Performance by a Leading Actress , and was also named by Time Magazine as one of the top ten theatre productions of the year . The Original Broadway Cast Recording won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album . A song from the show , `` Written in the Stars '' , recorded by Elton John and LeAnn Rimes , reached No. 2 in the Billboard US adult contemporary music charts , and No. 1 in the Canadian contemporary charts ." }, { "docid": "American_Pie", "title": "", "text": "American Pie may refer to : American Pie ( album ) , a 1971 album by Don McLean `` American Pie '' ( song ) , a song from the album American Pie ( film series ) , a series of teen films American Pie ( film ) , a 1999 film , first in the series American Pie , a 1996 sitcom pilot starring Andy Buckley Tim Rice 's American Pie , a British radio programme about American music , hosted by Tim Rice" }, { "docid": "Runnin'_Wild_(Tony_Rice_album)", "title": "", "text": "Runnin ' Wild is a collaboration album by American guitarist Tony Rice , mandolinist Larry Rice , guitar and banjo player Herb Pedersen and guitar/bass player Chris Hillman . This `` Anti-supergroup '' , as they call themselves , has already issued three volumes of music together . They blend folk music , progressive bluegrass and contemporary country and this album contains both original songs as well as country classics ." }, { "docid": "Tony_Rice", "title": "", "text": "Tony Rice ( born David Anthony Rice , June 8 , 1951 , Danville , Virginia , United States ) is an American guitarist and bluegrass musician . He is perhaps the most influential living acoustic guitar player in bluegrass , progressive bluegrass , newgrass and flattop acoustic jazz . He was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2013 . Rice 's music spans the range of acoustic from traditional bluegrass to jazz-influenced New Acoustic music to songwriter-oriented folk . Over the course of his career , he has played alongside J. D. Crowe and the New South , David Grisman ( during the formation of `` Dawg Music '' ) and Jerry Garcia , led his own Tony Rice Unit , collaborated with Norman Blake , recorded with his brothers Wyatt , Ron , and Larry , and co-founded the Bluegrass Album Band . He has recorded with drums , piano , soprano sax , as well as with traditional bluegrass instrumentation ." }, { "docid": "Cricket_(musical)", "title": "", "text": "Cricket , also called Cricket ( Hearts and Wickets ) , is a short musical written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice . It was commissioned for Queen Elizabeth 's 60th birthday celebration , and was first performed at Windsor Castle on 18 June 1986 . Several of the tunes from the show were later used for Aspects of Love , so the work was dropped from public performance or recording . Cricket was the last original musical Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote together ." }, { "docid": "Leaving_So_Soon?", "title": "", "text": "`` Leaving So Soon ? '' is a song performed and composed by English piano rock and alternative rock band Keane , featured on their second studio album , Under the Iron Sea . `` Leaving So Soon ? '' was the last song composed for the album , circa 2005 . The song is considered a fan favourite , and was believed by some to be a potential single for the album . It remains the Keane song with the highest tempo released ( 144 ) . Written by pianist Tim Rice-Oxley . It was confirmed by Tim Rice-Oxley in 2005 that he was writing a song `` Leaving So Soon '' for drummer Richard Hughes who at that time was going through a break up with his long term partner . Tim had said he seemed `` distant '' , his mind being elsewhere . This song was dedicated to him ." }, { "docid": "Alan_Menken", "title": "", "text": "Alan Irwin Menken ( born July 22 , 1949 ) is an American musical theatre and film score composer and pianist . Menken is best known for his scores for films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios . His scores for The Little Mermaid , Beauty and the Beast , Aladdin , and Pocahontas have each won him two Academy Awards . He also composed the scores for Little Shop of Horrors ( 1986 ) , Newsies ( 1992 ) , The Hunchback of Notre Dame ( 1996 ) , Hercules ( 1997 ) , Enchanted ( 2007 ) , Tangled ( 2010 ) and Sausage Party ( 2016 ) , among others . He is also known for his work on musical theatre works for Broadway and elsewhere . Some of these are based on his Disney films , but other stage hits include Little Shop of Horrors ( 1982 ) , A Christmas Carol ( 1994 ) and Sister Act ( 2009 ) . Menken has collaborated with such lyricists as Howard Ashman , Tim Rice , Glenn Slater , Stephen Schwartz and David Zippel . With eight Academy Award wins ( four each for Best Score and Best Song ) , Menken is the second most prolific Oscar winner in the music categories after Alfred Newman , who has nine Oscars . He has also won eleven Grammy Awards , a Tony Award and other honors ." }, { "docid": "Tim_Story_(composer)", "title": "", "text": "Tim Story ( born 1957 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) is an American composer , recording artist and producer of electronic and acoustic music . Story has performed on more than 20 solo and collaborative albums and in soundtracks for film and television ." }, { "docid": "Nick_Murray_(musician)", "title": "", "text": "Nick Murray is an American drummer . He is best known as a member of the garage rock band White Fence , and as a member of Thee Oh Sees with whom he recorded one studio album and their EP `` Fortress '' . Murray has also been a frequent collaborator of Tim Presley ( White Fence ) , as well as Welsh singer-songwriter Cate Le Bon , contributing to her solo album , Mug Museum ( 2013 ) and with ` DRINKS ' ( 2015 ) , a collaborative project with White Fence 's Tim Presley and Cate Le Bon . Murray has also toured with Mikal Cronin and The Growlers ( Timbales & Percussion ) In late 2009 , Murray joined The Young Veins and served as the drummer until the indefinite hiatus announced by bandmate Jon Walker on Twitter , December 10th , 2010 ." }, { "docid": "Directorate_of_Rice_Research", "title": "", "text": "Indian Institute of Rice Research formerly Directorate of Rice Research or IIRR is a rice research institute located in Rajendranagar near Hyderabad . Indian Institute of Rice Research , formerly All India coordinated Rice Improvement Project ( AICRIP ) , was established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research ( ICAR ) in 1965 with its national headquarters at Hyderabad to organize and coordinate multi-location testing of genetic lines and technologies for crop production and protection generated across the country . The Project was elevated to Directorate of Rice Research in 1975 with an added mandate of research in the thrust areas of irrigated rice . The Directorate continues its multi-location All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme ( AICRIP ) with active partnership of 47 funded cooperating centers affiliated to State Agricultural Universities ( SAUs ) , State Department of Agriculture and other Research Institutes of ICAR . Besides , over 50 voluntary centers participate in this multi-location testing program . In 2015 , IIRR celebrated its 50th year of useful existence for its significant contribution in overall rice production front which has ensured food security for the country . IIRR mainly coordinates multi-location testing at national level to identify appropriate varietal and management technologies for all the rice ecosystems and conducts various strategic and applied research in the major thrust areas of irrigated rice aimed at enhancement of production , productivity and profitability and at preserving . environmental quality . Also , it initiates and coordinates research networks relating to problems of national and regional importance . IIRR serves as major centres for exchange of research material and information . The rate of technology transfer at IIRR has been accelerated through the use of ICTs . Recently , IIRR has developed Rice Knowledge Management Portal that serves as an information highway for rice sector in sharing rice knowledge through latest ICT tools . Continuous linkages and partnerships are being developed with national , international and private organizations for collaborative research programme . IIRR also offers various consultancy services and undertakes contractual research ." }, { "docid": "Tim_Sköld", "title": "", "text": "Tim Sköld ( born Thim Sköld ; December 14 , 1966 ) is a Swedish multi-instrumentalist who , in addition to producing solo work , has also collaborated with multiple musical groups including Shotgun Messiah , KMFDM , Marilyn Manson and Motionless in White ." } ]
27871	Hugo Weaving is in zero movies.	[ { "docid": "Hugo_Weaving", "title": "", "text": "Hugo Wallace Weaving ( born 4 April 1960 ) is a Nigerian-born English-Australian film and stage actor . He is best known for playing Agent Smith in The Matrix trilogy ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , Elrond in The Lord of the Rings ( 2001 -- 2003 ) and The Hobbit ( 2012 -- 2014 ) film trilogies , V in V for Vendetta ( 2006 ) , Red Skull in Captain America : The First Avenger ( 2011 ) and Tom Doss in Hacksaw Ridge ( 2016 ) . Weaving 's first television role was in the 1984 Australian television series Bodyline , where he portrayed English cricket captain Douglas Jardine . In film , he first rose to prominence for his performance as Martin in the Australian drama Proof ( 1991 ) . Weaving played Anthony `` Tick '' Belrose/Mitzi Del Bra in the comedy-drama The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert ( 1994 ) ; and multiple roles in the science fiction film Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . His roles as a voice actor include Rex in Babe , Noah in Happy Feet and Happy Feet Two , and Megatron in the Transformers film series . Weaving 's awards for acting include a Satellite Award , MTV Movie Award and six Australian Film Institute Awards ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Agent_Smith", "title": "", "text": "Agent Smith is a fictional character and the primary antagonist in the The Matrix franchise . He is portrayed by Hugo Weaving ( and briefly by Ian Bliss ) in the films and voiced by Christopher Corey Smith in The Matrix : Path of Neo . In 2008 , Agent Smith was selected by Empire Magazine as the 84th Greatest Movie Character of All Time . In 2013 , Weaving reprised the role for a General Electric advertisement ." }, { "docid": "Weaving_(surname)", "title": "", "text": "Weaving is a surname . Those bearing it include : Jon Weaving ( born 1936 ) , Australian musician Hugo Weaving ( born 1960 ) , British-Australian actor Samara Weaving ( born 1992 ) , Australian actor" }, { "docid": "Proof_(1991_film)", "title": "", "text": "Proof is a 1991 Australian comedy-drama film written and directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse , and starring Hugo Weaving , Geneviève Picot and Russell Crowe . The film was released in Australia on 15 August 1991 . It was chosen as `` Best Film '' at the 1991 Australian Film Institute Awards , along with 5 other awards , including Moorhouse for `` Best Director '' , Weaving for `` Best Leading Actor '' , and Crowe for `` Best Supporting Actor '' ." }, { "docid": "The_Custodian", "title": "", "text": "The Custodian is a 1993 Australian drama film , written and directed by John Dingwall , starring Anthony LaPaglia , Hugo Weaving and Barry Otto . LaPaglia plays Det. Sgt. James Quinlan , a police officer who attempts to bring his corrupt partner Det. Church , played by Weaving , to justice . John Dingwall claims he wrote around 16 drafts of the script . It received three Australian Film Institute nominations ." }, { "docid": "Russian_Doll_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Russian Doll is a 2001 film by Stavros Kazantzidis starring Hugo Weaving ." }, { "docid": "Hacksaw_Ridge", "title": "", "text": "Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war drama film about the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss , an American pacifist combat medic who was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian , refusing to carry or use a firearm or weapons of any kind . Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor , for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa . The film was directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan , based on a 2004 documentary about Doss , and stars Andrew Garfield as Doss , with Sam Worthington , Luke Bracey , Teresa Palmer , Hugo Weaving , Rachel Griffiths and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles . It was released in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , received positive reviews and grossed $ 175.3 million worldwide . Hacksaw Ridge was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of its top ten Movies of the Year , and has received numerous awards and nominations . The film received six Oscar nominations at the 89th Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Garfield and Best Sound Editing , winning the awards for Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing . It also received Golden Globe nominations for Best Picture , Best Director and Best Actor , and 12 AACTA Awards nominations , winning the majority , including Best Film , Best Direction , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for Garfield , and Best Supporting Actor for Weaving ." }, { "docid": "Hugo_Stiglitz", "title": "", "text": "Hugo Stiglitz López , better known simply as Hugo Stiglitz , ( born August 28 , 1940 in Mexico City ) is a Mexican actor . He was mostly famous in the 1970s and 1980s in Mexico after filming such film horror films as Tintorera and La Noche de los mil gatos . He also filmed several movies in Hollywood ( Under the Volcano ) and Italy ( Incubo sulla città contaminata ) . Quentin Tarantino paid a tribute to him by naming a character `` Hugo Stiglitz '' ( played by actor Til Schweiger ) in the movie Inglourious Basterds ." }, { "docid": "Count_Zero", "title": "", "text": "Count Zero is a science fiction novel by American-Canadian writer William Gibson , originally published in 1986 . It is the second volume of the Sprawl trilogy , which begins with Neuromancer and concludes with Mona Lisa Overdrive , and is an example of the cyberpunk subgenre . Count Zero was serialized by Isaac Asimov 's Science Fiction Magazine in the 1986 January ( 100th issue ) , February and March issues , accompanied by black and white art produced by J. K. Potter . The January cover is devoted to the story , with art by Hisaki Yasuda . Count Zero was nominated for the Locus and British Science Fiction Awards in 1986 , as well as the Hugo and Nebula awards in 1987 ." }, { "docid": "After_the_Deluge", "title": "", "text": "After the Deluge is a 2003 Australian television film starring Ray Barrett , David Wenham , Hugo Weaving and Samuel Johnson . It was first broadcast by Channel Ten in two parts in June 2003 ." }, { "docid": "The_Tender_Hook", "title": "", "text": "The Tender Hook is a 2008 Australian film noir starring Hugo Weaving , Rose Byrne and Matthew Le Nevez . The film was retitled The Boxer and the Bombshell for its North American DVD release ." }, { "docid": "The_Bite_(miniseries)", "title": "", "text": "The Bite is a 1996 mini series about an Australian adventurer who moves to Asia with his new wife . The series was a departure of pace for Hugo Weaving , the star . It was shot 21 September to 30 November 1995 ." }, { "docid": "Healing_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Healing is a 2014 Australian drama film directed by Craig Monahan and co-written with Alison Nisselle . The film stars Hugo Weaving , Robert Taylor , Xavier Samuel , Justine Clarke , Laura Brent and Anthony Hayes ." }, { "docid": "Reckless_Kelly", "title": "", "text": "Reckless Kelly is a 1993 Australian comedy film produced , written , directed and starring Yahoo Serious . It co-stars Melora Hardin , Alexei Sayle and Hugo Weaving . The story is a satirical take on a modern-day Ned Kelly ." }, { "docid": "Oranges_and_Sunshine", "title": "", "text": "Oranges and Sunshine is a 2011 Australian drama film directed by Jim Loach as his directorial debut and stars Emily Watson , Hugo Weaving and David Wenham , with a screenplay by Rona Munro , based on the book Empty Cradles by Margaret Humphreys ." }, { "docid": "Australian_Film_Institute_Awards_2005", "title": "", "text": "45th Annual Australian Film Institute Awards 2005 Best Film : The Proposition Best Actor in a Lead Role : Hugo Weaving -- Little Fish Best Actress in a Lead Role : Cate Blanchett -- Little Fish" }, { "docid": "Bedrooms_and_Hallways", "title": "", "text": "Bedrooms and Hallways is a 1998 comedy-drama film about bisexuality or the fluidity of sexuality . It was written by Robert Farrar and directed by Rose Troche , starring Kevin McKidd , James Purefoy , Tom Hollander , Julie Graham , Simon Callow and Hugo Weaving ." }, { "docid": "Zero_Babu", "title": "", "text": "Zero Babu is an Indian film singer , actor and music composer in Malayalam cinema during the 1980s . He was a theater artist turned movie actor . His debut film song was for Kudumbini in 1964 at the age of 18 . He has sung more than 300 movie songs . In P. J. Antony 's play , K. J. Babu played the role of a man who is fed up with life owing to the cotton gambling game that prevailed in the past . Open Zero was the name of the game . Ever since he acted the role and performed a song called Open Zero , he was known as Zero Babu . He is married and has four children , Sooraj , Sulfikar , Deepa and Sabitha ." }, { "docid": "I_Don't_Care_if_the_Sun_Don't_Shine", "title": "", "text": "`` I Do n't Care If the Sun Do n't Shine '' is a popular song , written by Mack David . The most popular version was done by Patti Page in 1950 . The Page recording was issued by Mercury Records as catalog number 5396 , and first reached the Billboard chart on May 20 , 1950 , lasting 9 weeks and peaking at # 8 . It was her first Top 10 hit . The song was also one of the first recordings by Elvis Presley . A Dean Martin version of the song was featured in the 1953 film Scared Stiff starring Martin and Jerry Lewis . The Patti Page recording is featured in the movie The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert . Actor Guy Pearce also briefly sings excerpts of this song in the film , as does Terence Stamp and Hugo Weaving . The first Spanish-language version was recorded by Marco Tulio Sanchez , the precursor of rockabilly in his country Colombia during the 1980s . It was originally intended for Disney 's Cinderella but not used . . Canada 's Reid Jamieson covers the song on his 1950s era tribute The Presley Sessions revisited ( 2015 )" }, { "docid": "Tau_Zero", "title": "", "text": "Tau Zero is a hard science fiction novel by Poul Anderson . The novel was based upon the short story `` To Outlive Eternity '' appearing in Galaxy Science Fiction in 1967 . It was first published in book form in 1970 . The book is regarded as a quintessential example of `` hard sci-fi '' , as its plot is guided by technology until the dramatic conclusion . It was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1971 ." }, { "docid": "Wonderstruck_(book)", "title": "", "text": "Wonderstruck ( 2011 ) is a U.S. juvenile fiction novel written and illustrated by Brian Selznick , who created The Invention of Hugo Cabret ( 2007 ) . In Wonderstruck , Selznick continued the narrative approach of using both words and illustrations , this time separating each style in its own story and weaving them together at the end ." }, { "docid": "Ian_Bliss", "title": "", "text": "Ian Bliss is an Australian actor , best known for his role as Bane in The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions , for which he was chosen by the Wachowskis because of his accurate impersonation of Hugo Weaving ( Agent Smith ) , and also his partial resemblance to Weaving . After his appearance in the Matrix sequels , Bliss took minor roles in the feature films Stealth and Superman Returns . He also played the Peacekeeper scientist Drillic in the Farscape episode `` Losing Time '' . He has also appeared in several Australian television drama series including Heartbreak High , Underbelly , Blue Murder and Canal Road . Stage performances include the lead role in War Horse , in Sydney 's Lyric Theatre . Bliss also appeared on the episode 8 of the 2010 HBO miniseries The Pacific as Capt. Le Francois ." }, { "docid": "For_Love_Alone", "title": "", "text": "For Love Alone is a 1986 Australian film directed by Stephen Wallace and starring Helen Buday , Hugo Weaving and Sam Neill . The screenplay was written by Wallace , based on the 1945 novel of the same name by Christina Stead . The film marked the screen debut of Naomi Watts . The film was entered into the 37th Berlin International Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "The_Hemingway_Hoax", "title": "", "text": "The Hemingway Hoax is a short novel by science fiction writer Joe Haldeman . It weaves together a story of an attempt to produce a fake Ernest Hemingway manuscript with themes concerning time travel and parallel worlds . A shorter version of the book won both a Hugo award and a Nebula award for best novella in 1991 ( for stories in 1990 ) ." }, { "docid": "Hit_and_Run_(1957_film)", "title": "", "text": "Hit and Run is a 1957 American drama film noir directed by Hugo Haas starring Cleo Moore , Hugo Haas and Vince Edwards . The movie was Moore 's final film appearance ; she gained popularity earlier in the 1950s , in B-movie film noirs , most released by Columbia Pictures , for which Moore was a contract player ." }, { "docid": "The_Interview_(1998_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Interview is a 1998 Australian thriller film from writer-director Craig Monahan , and is the first of two films directed by Monahan . Almost the entire film takes place in a police interrogation room , with some short flashback sequences , and the cast consists primarily of three key actors -- Hugo Weaving , Tony Martin , and Aaron Jeffery ." }, { "docid": "N._K._Jemisin", "title": "", "text": "N. K. Jemisin ( born September 19 , 1972 ) is an American speculative fiction writer and blogger . Her fiction explores a wide variety of themes , including cultural conflict and oppression . In 2010 , Jemisin 's short story Non-Zero Probabilities was a finalist for the Hugo and Nebula Best Short Story Awards . Jemisin 's debut novel , The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms , was nominated for the 2010 Nebula Award , and short-listed for the James Tiptree Jr. . Award . In 2011 , it was nominated for the Hugo Award , World Fantasy Award , and Locus Award , winning the 2011 Locus Award for Best First Novel . The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms also won the Sense of Gender Awards in 2011 . In 2016 , N. K. Jemisin 's novel The Fifth Season won the Hugo Award for Best Novel ." }, { "docid": "List_of_accolades_received_by_the_Matrix_franchise", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of awards and nominations received by The Matrix franchise . The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action film . It spawned two sequels , filmed and released in the same year , The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions . All three films were written and directed by the The Wachowskis and starred Keanu Reeves , Laurence Fishburne , Carrie-Anne Moss and Hugo Weaving ." }, { "docid": "Confessions_of_an_Action_Star", "title": "", "text": "Confessions of an Action Star is an American action comedy mockumentary starring David Leitch , Angelina Jolie , Carrie-Anne Moss , Hugo Weaving , Eric Roberts , Dax Shepard , Debbie Allen , Lee Arenberg and directed by Brad Martin . The film was entitled Sledge : The Untold Story during its film festival run and is distributed by Vivendi Entertainment and Lightyear Entertainment ." }, { "docid": "Last_Ride_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Last Ride is a 2009 Australian drama film directed by Glendyn Ivin . It is based on the novel The Last Ride by Denise Young . The film follows a young boy ( Tom Russell ) accompanying his father ( Hugo Weaving ) , who is wanted by the police , across Australia . The film was given a limited release across Australia on 2 July 2009 , and in the United States on 29 June 2012 ." }, { "docid": "Mortal_Engines_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Mortal Engines is an upcoming 2018 sci-fi adventure film based on the 2001 novel of the same name , the first in the Predator Cities quartet by Philip Reeve . Directed by Christian Rivers , it stars Robert Sheehan , Hera Hilmar , Leila George , Ronan Raftery , Hugo Weaving , and Stephen Lang . Filming is currently underway in New Zealand , and it is set to be released in theatres December 14 , 2018 ." } ]
101069	Time Lords have time machines.	[ { "docid": "Time_Lord", "title": "", "text": "The Time Lords are a fictional , ancient extraterrestrial people in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , of which the series ' protagonist , the Doctor , is a member . Time Lords are so named for their command of time travel technology and their non-linear perception of time . Originally they were described as a powerful and wise race from the planet Gallifrey , from which the Doctor was a renegade ; details beyond this were very limited for the first decade of the series . They later became integral to many episodes and stories as their role in the fictional universe developed . For the first eight years after the series resumed in 2005 , the Time Lords were said to have been destroyed at some point between the original series ' cancellation in 1989 and the show 's revival during the fictional Last Great Time War . In 2013 , the 50th anniversary special `` The Day of the Doctor '' concerned this supposed destruction and their eventual survival . They developed a culture of custodianship and time-related technologies based on this perception which includes strictly controlled space/time travel machines ( known as `` TARDISes '' ) and monitoring devices to travel through time and to prevent time from being subverted or abused -- although actual action was described as rare in practice due to their traditional policy of strict non-interference and neutrality . They can act to manipulate timelines of a wide range of events and individuals , so long as they do not cross back into their own timeline . Over subsequent episodes their history , their development of time manipulation , and their internal politics were touched upon , with Time Lord society portrayed as a stagnated ceremony-bound oligarchy and their past having descended into myth and legend . The Doctor became at times an ally , being appointed their president during his fourth incarnation and assisting them on many occasions ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Lords_of_Time", "title": "", "text": "Lords of Time is an interactive fiction computer game designed by Sue Gazzard and released by Level 9 Computing in 1983 . Originally purely a textual adventure for 8 bit microcomputers , the game was later released as part of the Time & Magik compilation where graphics were added for all floppy disk versions . Like all Level 9 adventures of its time it was written in the in-house A-code language which was platform-independent -- this implementation of a virtual machine allowed for quick porting across platforms ." }, { "docid": "Time_Machine_series", "title": "", "text": "The Time Machine series of science fiction stories for children , published between 1959 and 1989 in Boys ' Life magazine , featured a group of American Boy Scouts who acquire an abandoned time machine . The Polaris Patrol visited the future and the past , sometimes recruiting new Scouts . The stories used the time machine as a framework for history lessons , but also explored the consequences of having a time machine ( as well as the various technologies the boys who discovered it obtain from the future ) . The author was given as Donald Keith for most of the stories , a pseudonym for the father-and-son team of Donald and Keith Monroe . In later years , some stories were credited just to the son , Keith Monroe . The first story in the series was `` The Day We Explored the Future , '' appearing in the December 1959 Boys ' Life on page 18 . Some of the stories were collected in two books , Mutiny in the Time Machine ( 1963 ) and Time Machine to the Rescue ( 1967 ) , with Donald Keith given as the author . All the Time Machine stories are available from Google Books in its collection of Boys ' Life issues ." }, { "docid": "The_Time_Machine_(1960_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Time Machine ( also known promotionally as H. G. Wells ' The Time Machine ) is a 1960 American time travel science fiction film in Metrocolor from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , produced and directed by George Pal , that stars Rod Taylor , Yvette Mimieux , and Alan Young . The film was based on the 1895 novella of the same name by H. G. Wells that was hugely influential on the development of science fiction . An inventor in Victorian England constructs a machine that enables him to travel into the distant future ; once there , he discovers that mankind 's descendants have divided into two species , the passive , childlike , and vegetarian Eloi and the underground-dwelling Morlocks , who feed on the Eloi . George Pal , who had earlier made a film version of Wells ' The War of the Worlds ( 1953 ) , always intended to make a sequel to The Time Machine , but he died before it could be produced ; the end of Time Machine : The Journey Back functions as a sequel of sorts . In 1985 elements of this film were incorporated into the documentary The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal . The Time Machine received an Oscar for its time-lapse photographic effects , which show the world changing rapidly as the time traveler journeys into the future ." }, { "docid": "Probabilistic_Turing_machine", "title": "", "text": "In computability theory , a probabilistic Turing machine is a non-deterministic Turing machine which chooses between the available transitions at each point according to some probability distribution . In the case of equal probabilities for the transitions , it can be defined as a deterministic Turing machine having an additional `` write '' instruction where the value of the write is uniformly distributed in the Turing Machine 's alphabet ( generally , an equal likelihood of writing a ' 1 ' or a ' 0 ' on to the tape . ) Another common reformulation is simply a deterministic Turing machine with an added tape full of random bits called the random tape . As a consequence , a probabilistic Turing machine can ( unlike a deterministic Turing Machine ) have stochastic results ; on a given input and instruction state machine , it may have different run times , or it may not halt at all ; further , it may accept an input in one execution and reject the same input in another execution . Therefore , the notion of acceptance of a string by a probabilistic Turing machine can be defined in different ways . Various polynomial-time randomized complexity classes that result from different definitions of acceptance include RP , co-RP , BPP and ZPP . If the machine is restricted to logarithmic space instead of polynomial time , the analogous RL , co-RL , BPL , and ZPL complexity classes are obtained . By enforcing both restrictions , RLP , co-RLP , BPLP , and ZPLP are yielded . Probabilistic computation is also critical for the definition of most classes of interactive proof systems , in which the verifier machine depends on randomness to avoid being predicted and tricked by the all-powerful prover machine . For example , the class IP equals PSPACE , but if randomness is removed from the verifier , we are left with only NP , which is not known but widely believed to be a considerably smaller class . One of the central questions of complexity theory is whether randomness adds power ; that is , is there a problem which can be solved in polynomial time by a probabilistic Turing machine but not a deterministic Turing machine ? Or can deterministic Turing machines efficiently simulate all probabilistic Turing machines with at most a polynomial slowdown ? It is currently widely believed by researchers that the latter is the case , which would imply P = BPP . The same question for log space instead of polynomial time ( does L = BPLP ? ) is even more widely believed to be true . On the other hand , the power randomness gives to interactive proof systems , as well as the simple algorithms it creates for difficult problems such as polynomial-time primality testing and log-space graph connectedness testing , suggest that randomness may add power . A quantum computer is another model of computation that is inherently probabilistic ." }, { "docid": "Exploration_Earth:_The_Time_Machine", "title": "", "text": "`` Exploration Earth : The Time Machine '' is an episode of the BBC Schools radio drama series Exploration Earth , a series exploring geography . It was the third episode in this series . As it was an educational programme , it used the Doctor Who format and elements to explore the processes of the creation of the Earth . It was recorded on 27 April 1976 with Tom Baker and Elisabeth Sladen reprising their TV roles as the Doctor and Sarah Jane . Joining them was John Westbrook as Megron , High Lord of Chaos . It was broadcast on 4 October 1976 on BBC Radio 4 ." }, { "docid": "Zeno_machine", "title": "", "text": "In mathematics and computer science , Zeno machines ( abbreviated ZM , and also called accelerated Turing machine , ATM ) are a hypothetical computational model related to Turing machines that allows a countably infinite number of algorithmic steps to be performed in finite time . These machines are ruled out in most models of computation . More formally , a Zeno machine is a Turing machine that takes 2 − n units of time to perform its n-th step ; thus , the first step takes 0.5 units of time , the second takes 0.25 , the third 0.125 and so on , so that after one unit of time , a countably infinite ( i.e. ℵ0 ) number of steps will have been performed . The idea of Zeno machines was first discussed by Hermann Weyl in 1927 ; the name refers to Zeno 's paradoxes , attributed to the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea . Zeno machines play a crucial role in some theories . The theory of the Omega Point devised by physicist Frank J. Tipler , for instance , can only be valid if Zeno machines are possible ." }, { "docid": "Time_clock", "title": "", "text": "A time clock , sometimes known as a clock card machine or punch clock or time recorder , is a mechanical ( or electronic ) timepiece used to assist in tracking the hours worked by an employee of a company . In mechanical time clocks this was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper card , called a time card , into a slot on the time clock . When the time card hit a contact at the rear of the slot , the machine would print day and time information ( a timestamp ) on the card . One or more time cards could serve as a timesheet or provide the data to fill one . This allowed a timekeeper to have an official record of the hours an employee worked to calculate the pay owed an employee . The terms Bundy clock , bundy clock , or just bundy have been used in Australian English for time clocks . The term comes from brothers Willard and Harlow Bundy ." }, { "docid": "Lord_of_Galloway", "title": "", "text": "The lords of Galloway consisted of a dynasty of heirs who were lords ( or kings ) and ladies who ruled over Galloway in southwest Scotland , mainly during the High Middle Ages . Many regions of Scotland , including Galloway and Moray , periodically had kings or subkings , similar to those in Ireland during the Middle Ages . The Scottish monarch was seen as being similar to a high king ( Ard-Righ in Gaelic ) . The lords of Galloway would have either paid tribute to the Scottish monarch , or at other times ignored him . The Lords of Galloway are fairly well recorded in the 12th and 13th centuries , but the records are incomplete or conflicting at other times . Later on , the kings were known as `` lords '' at the Scottish court , and `` kings '' at home , finally becoming `` lords '' in both arenas . The boundaries of the Kingdom of Galloway were ill-defined , and varied over time . During many periods Galloway was much larger than it is today , and took in parts of southern Ayrshire , such as Carrick , Upper Douglasdale and Nithsdale . The area appears to have been the main bastion of Scottish Gaelic culture south of the Highlands in medieval times ." }, { "docid": "BPP_(complexity)", "title": "", "text": "In computational complexity theory , BPP , which stands for bounded-error probabilistic polynomial time is the class of decision problems solvable by a probabilistic Turing machine in polynomial time with an error probability bounded away from 1/2 for all instances . BPP is one of the largest practical classes of problems , meaning most problems of interest in BPP have efficient probabilistic algorithms that can be run quickly on real modern machines . BPP also contains P , the class of problems solvable in polynomial time with a deterministic machine , since a deterministic machine is a special case of a probabilistic machine . Informally , a problem is in BPP if there is an algorithm for it that has the following properties : It is allowed to flip coins and make random decisions It is guaranteed to run in polynomial time On any given run of the algorithm , it has a probability of at most 1/3 of giving the wrong answer , whether the answer is YES or NO ." }, { "docid": "NP_(complexity)", "title": "", "text": "In computational complexity theory , NP ( for nondeterministic polynomial time ) is a complexity class used to describe certain types of decision problems . Informally , NP is the set of all decision problems for which the instances where the answer is `` yes '' have efficiently verifiable proofs . More precisely , these proofs have to be verifiable by deterministic computations that can be performed in polynomial time . Equivalently , the formal definition of NP is the set of decision problems solvable in polynomial time by a theoretical non-deterministic Turing machine . This second definition is the basis for the abbreviation NP , which stands for `` nondeterministic , polynomial time . '' However , the verifier-based definition tends to be more intuitive and practical in common applications compared to the formal machine definition . The two definitions are equivalent because the algorithm for the machine definition consists of two phases , the first of which consists of a guess about the solution , which is generated in a non-deterministic way , while the second phase consists of a deterministic algorithm that verifies or rejects the guess as a valid solution to the problem . A method for solving a decision problem is given in the form of an algorithm . In the above definitions for NP , polynomial time refers to the increasing number of machine operations needed by an algorithm relative to the size of the problem . Polynomial time is therefore a measure of efficiency of an algorithm . Decision problems are commonly categorized into complexity classes ( such as NP ) based on the fastest known machine algorithms . As such , decision problems may change class if a faster algorithm is discovered . The complexity class P is contained in NP , but NP contains many important problems , the hardest of which are called NP-complete problems , whose solutions are sufficient to deal with any other NP problem in polynomial time . The most important open question in complexity theory , the P versus NP ( `` P = NP '' ) problem , asks whether polynomial time algorithms actually exist for solving NP-complete , and by corollary , all NP problems . It is widely believed that this is not the case . The complexity class NP ( which have efficiently verifiable proofs where the answer is `` yes '' ) is also related to the complexity class co-NP ( which have efficiently verifiable proofs where the answer is `` no '' ) . Whether or not NP = co-NP is another outstanding question in complexity theory ." }, { "docid": "Chaos_Machine_(toy)", "title": "", "text": "The original Chaos Machine is an ever-evolving collection of Chaos Toy sets gathered together by Steve Jackson , founder of Steve Jackson Games ( SJ Games ) . Other Chaos Machines have begun to grow ( see External Links ) . Chaos Machines appear at gaming and science fiction conventions , where attendees are encouraged to create , modify , tune , and improvise new gadgets ( stunts ) for the rolling-ball construction . At each siting , the machine is set up as a basic framework by the Machine Wranglers , then participants ( Mechanics ) begin to build tracks , install ball lifts , add stunts , and generally have a good time learning and problem-solving . Over time more sets are added , so the machine grows larger with each appearance . Recently , an electronic network has been designed to add ball sensing and counting , event-controlled path switching , lighting effects , and additional sound effects ." }, { "docid": "Machining_time", "title": "", "text": "Machining time is the time when a machine is actually processing something . Generally , machining time is the term used when there is a reduction in material or removing some undesirable parts of a material . For example , in a drill press , machining time is when the cutting edge is actually moving forward and making a hole . Machine time is used in other situations , such as when a machine installs screws in a case automatically . One of the important aspects in manufacturing calculation is how to find and calculate the machining time in a machining operation . Generally , machining is family of processes or operations in which excess material is removed from a starting work piece by a sharp cutting tool so the remaining part has the desired geometry and the required shape . The most common machining operations can be classified into four types : turning , milling , drilling and lathe work ." }, { "docid": "Time_evolution", "title": "", "text": "Time evolution is the change of state brought about by the passage of time , applicable to systems with internal state ( also called stateful systems ) . In this formulation , time is not required to be a continuous parameter , but may be discrete or even finite . In classical physics , time evolution of a collection of rigid bodies is governed by the principles of classical mechanics . In their most rudimentary form , these principles express the relationship between forces acting on the bodies and their acceleration given by Newton 's laws of motion . These principles can also be equivalently expressed more abstractly by Hamiltonian mechanics or Lagrangian mechanics . The concept of time evolution may be applicable to other stateful systems as well . For instance , the operation of a Turing machine can be regarded as the time evolution of the machine 's control state together with the state of the tape ( or possibly multiple tapes ) including the position of the machine 's read-write head ( or heads ) . In this case , time is discrete . Stateful systems often have dual descriptions in terms of states or in terms of observable values . In such systems , time evolution can also refer to the change in observable values . This is particularly relevant in quantum mechanics where the Schrödinger picture and Heisenberg picture are ( mostly ) equivalent descriptions of time evolution ." }, { "docid": "Time_Machine:_The_Journey_Back", "title": "", "text": "Time Machine : The Journey Back is a documentary film , produced in 1993 for airing on PBS stations . It was hosted by Rod Taylor and produced and directed by Clyde Lucas . The film was made about the Time Machine prop , not the movie , but during filming , Bob Burns surprised director Clyde Lucas by having Gene Warren , Sr. drop by . Warren , the award-winning effects creator for the original movie , consented to an on-air interview in which he discussed creating the special effects for the film . This led to an interview with one of Warren 's partners , Wah Chang , in Northern California . Chang and Warren shared more details about creating the effects and how the little Time Machine prop was made . Lucas contacted the original screenwriter , David Duncan , who agreed to write a mini-sequel to George Pal 's classic . The mini-sequel reunited George ( Rod Taylor ) with Filby ( Alan Young ) in a scene set during the Great War just before Filby ( now a senior officer in the British Army ) is to leave for France . George , knowing that Filby is destined to die on May 15 , 1916 , in a plane crash on the coast of France , attempts unsuccessfully to convince Filby to join him in time travel to the future instead , and mentions having spent many wonderful years with Weena the Eloi , but Filby refuses to join George in time travel . Filby leaves . The scene ends with George alone meditating out loud about the possibility of travelling to the day before Filby 's death in order to attempt a rescue again . Lucas first filmed Whit Bissell for the opening , recreating his role as George 's friend and colleague Walter Kemp , this time in 1932 , reminiscing about his friend , the inventor , whom no one has seen for 32 years . It would be Bissell 's last acting performance . The film won a Saturn Award and a Telly Award . It was included as a `` special feature '' on the DVD for George Pal 's film The Time Machine , released by Warner Bros. and was featured in Starlog Magazine . In July 2014 , Warner Bros. released both the film and the documentary on Blu-ray Disc ." }, { "docid": "Coil_Presents_Time_Machines", "title": "", "text": "Coil Presents Time Machines was a live CD by Coil . This CD was produced in a limited amount of 1,000 copies and was given away with the initial mail orders of Musick To Play In The Dark Vol . 2 . The CD is a live performance which took place on April 2 , 2000 at the Cornucopia festival in the Royal Festival Hall in London , England . The name of the performance was `` Time Machines from the Heart of Darkness . '' The album was later reissued as `` CD A '' on Live One in an unaltered form . `` Everything Keeps Dissolving '' and `` Chasms '' appear on `` CD B '' of Live One as well . However `` Chasms '' is titled `` Blue Chasms '' . Neither of these songs have had a proper studio release . The lyrics for `` Chasms '' are `` every man and woman is a star , '' a phrase coined by Aleister Crowley . `` Circulating '' is a shortened live version of Queens Of The Circulating Library . John Balance , Peter Christopherson , Simon Norris , and Thighpaulsandra are credited as performance members . Dorothy Lewis , Thighpaulsandra 's mother 's vocals can be heard on the song `` Queens Of The Circulating Library '' . The catalogue number is ESKATON CD 24 . Constant Shallowness Leads To Evil has the similar catalogue number of ESKATON 24 . Coil Presents Time Machines is a separate and different album from Time Machines , also produced by Coil ." }, { "docid": "Raven_Lord", "title": "", "text": "Raven Lord is a multinational heavy metal band founded by Csaba Zvekan ( Exorcism , Killing Machine , Sardonyx , Emergency ) . The band recorded their debut album , Descent to the Underworld , in 2012 . It was mixed by Fredrik Nordström and mastered by Maor Appelbaum . Their musical genre is heavy metal , but also includes neo classical and power metal influences . Zvekan cites bands including Judas Priest , Black Sabbath , and Yngwie Malmsteen as influences . Band membership has changed many times prior to the announcement of their touring line up . Around September 2012 , the band announced that Joe Stump had joined the band as a full-time member . On October 27 , 2012 , the band announced they had been signed by Mausoleum Records for a two-album deal ." }, { "docid": "EXPTIME", "title": "", "text": "In computational complexity theory , the complexity class EXPTIME ( sometimes called EXP or DEXPTIME ) is the set of all decision problems that have exponential runtime , i.e. , that are solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in O ( 2p ( n ) ) time , where p ( n ) is a polynomial function of n. In terms of DTIME , We know P ⊆ NP ⊆ PSPACE ⊆ EXPTIME ⊆ NEXPTIME ⊆ EXPSPACE and also , by the time hierarchy theorem and the space hierarchy theorem , that P ⊊ EXPTIME , NP ⊊ NEXPTIME and PSPACE ⊊ EXPSPACE so at least one of the first three inclusions and at least one of the last three inclusions must be proper , but it is not known which ones are . Most experts believe all the inclusions are proper . It 's also known that if P = NP , then EXPTIME NEXPTIME , the class of problems solvable in exponential time by a nondeterministic Turing machine . More precisely , EXPTIME ≠ NEXPTIME if and only if there exist sparse languages in NP that are not in P. EXPTIME can also be reformulated as the space class APSPACE , the problems that can be solved by an alternating Turing machine in polynomial space . This is one way to see that PSPACE ⊆ EXPTIME , since an alternating Turing machine is at least as powerful as a deterministic Turing machine . EXPTIME is one class in an exponential hierarchy of complexity classes with increasingly more complex oracles or quantifier alternations . The class 2-EXPTIME is defined similarly to EXPTIME but with a doubly exponential time bound . This can be generalized to higher and higher time bounds ." }, { "docid": "Lord_of_Misrule", "title": "", "text": "In England , the Lord of Misrule -- known in Scotland as the Abbot of Unreason and in France as the Prince des Sots -- was an officer appointed by lot during Christmastide to preside over the Feast of Fools . The Lord of Misrule was generally a peasant or sub-deacon appointed to be in charge of Christmas revelries , which often included drunkenness and wild partying . The Church held a similar festival involving a boy bishop . This custom was abolished by Henry VIII in 1541 , restored by the Catholic Queen Mary I and again abolished by Protestant Elizabeth I , though here and there it lingered on for some time longer . On the Continent it was suppressed by the Council of Basle in 1431 , but was revived in some places from time to time , even as late as the eighteenth century . In the Tudor period , the Lord of Misrule ( sometimes called the Abbot of Misrule or the King of Misrule ) is mentioned a number of times by contemporary documents referring to revels both at court and among the ordinary people . While mostly known as a British holiday custom , some folklorists , such as James Frazer and Mikhail Bakhtin ( who is said to have plagiarized the novel idea from Frazer ) have claimed that the appointment of a Lord of Misrule comes from a similar custom practiced during the Roman celebration of Saturnalia . In ancient Rome , from the 17th to the 23rd of December ( in the Julian Calendar ) , a man chosen to be a mock king was appointed for the feast of Saturnalia , in the guise of the Roman deity Saturn ; at the end of the festival , the man was sacrificed . This hypothesis has been heavily criticized by William Warde Fowler and as such , the Christmas custom of the Lord of Misrule during the Christian era and the Saturnalian custom of antiquity may have completely separate origins ; the two separate customs , however , can be compared and contrasted ." }, { "docid": "Time_hierarchy_theorem", "title": "", "text": "In computational complexity theory , the time hierarchy theorems are important statements about time-bounded computation on Turing machines . Informally , these theorems say that given more time , a Turing machine can solve more problems . For example , there are problems that can be solved with n2 time but not n time . The time hierarchy theorem for deterministic multi-tape Turing machines was first proven by Richard E. Stearns and Juris Hartmanis in 1965 . It was improved a year later when F. C. Hennie and Richard E. Stearns improved the efficiency of the Universal Turing machine . Consequent to the theorem , for every deterministic time-bounded complexity class , there is a strictly larger time-bounded complexity class , and so the time-bounded hierarchy of complexity classes does not completely collapse . More precisely , the time hierarchy theorem for deterministic Turing machines states that for all time-constructible functions f ( n ) , . The time hierarchy theorem for nondeterministic Turing machines was originally proven by Stephen Cook in 1972 . It was improved to its current form via a complex proof by Joel Seiferas , Michael Fischer , and Albert Meyer in 1978 . Finally in 1983 , Stanislav Žák achieved the same result with the simple proof taught today . The time hierarchy theorem for nondeterministic Turing machines states that if g ( n ) is a time-constructible function , and f ( n +1 ) = o ( g ( n ) ) , then . The analogous theorems for space are the space hierarchy theorems . A similar theorem is not known for time-bounded probabilistic complexity classes , unless the class also has advice ." }, { "docid": "Time_Lord_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "A Time Lord is a member of a fictional extraterrestrial civilisation in the BBC TV series Doctor Who Time Lord may also refer to : In gaming : Time Lord ( role-playing game ) , a roleplaying game based on Doctor Who Timelords ( role-playing game ) , a roleplaying game unrelated to Doctor Who Time Lord ( video game ) , a video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System Time lords , a series of cards in the Yu-Gi-Oh ! Trading Card Game The Time Lord , a fictional character from the Ultima series of computer games Time Lord , the title character in the Magnavox_Odyssey ² 's `` Attack of the Time Lord '' video game In fiction Time Lords , a class of fictional characters featured in the 2003 TV series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles The Time Lord , a one-off villain from The Super Globetrotters animated cartoon In music : The Timelords , the name under which the musical group The KLF released `` Doctorin ' the Tardis '' Timelord , an album by Momus" }, { "docid": "Regeneration_(Doctor_Who)", "title": "", "text": "In the long running British science fiction television series Doctor Who , regeneration is a biological ability exhibited by the Time Lords , a race of fictional humanoids originating on the planet Gallifrey . This process allows a Time Lord who is old , wounded or otherwise dying to undergo a transformation into a new physical form and a somewhat different personality . The process has been used eleven times throughout the history of the franchise as a device for introducing a new actor for the lead role of its main character , the Doctor . The current incarnation of the Doctor is played by Peter Capaldi , following the regeneration of the Eleventh Doctor ( portrayed by Matt Smith ) during the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . Other Time Lords and similar characters have also regenerated , for various reasons , sometimes with change of actors ." }, { "docid": "Lord_of_Chaos", "title": "", "text": "Lord of Chaos is a fantasy novel by American author Robert Jordan , the sixth book of his series The Wheel of Time . It was published by Tor Books and released on October 15 , 1994 , and was nominated for the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel in 1995 . Lord of Chaos consists of a prologue , 55 chapters , and an epilogue . It is the first book of the Wheel of Time to have an epilogue ." }, { "docid": "Time_War_(Doctor_Who)", "title": "", "text": "The Time War , more specifically called the Last Great Time War , is a conflict within the fictional universe of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The conflict pitted the Time Lords against the Daleks and culminated in the apparent mutual destruction of both races , caused by the Doctor . In the Doctor Who continuity , the war occurs between the events of the 1996 film and the 2005 revived series . It was frequently mentioned and alluded to from the first series of the show 's return , but was not directly seen until the show 's 50th anniversary special . The war 's events and progression have never been fully explained . Short comments in various episodes act as hints , but the war was not thoroughly talked about until the 2007 episode `` The Sound of Drums '' ; part two of the two-part special The End of Time ( 2009 -- 2010 ) provided further information and revealed the Time Lord leaders ' sinister endgame . The closing battles and the climax of the Time War were finally depicted in the 50th anniversary special `` The Day of the Doctor '' which ultimately revealed the Time Lords ' fate ." }, { "docid": "UP_(complexity)", "title": "", "text": "In complexity theory , UP ( `` Unambiguous Non-deterministic Polynomial-time '' ) is the complexity class of decision problems solvable in polynomial time on a unambiguous Turing machine with at most one accepting path for each input . UP contains P and is contained in NP . A common reformulation of NP states that a language is in NP if and only if a given answer can be verified by a deterministic machine in polynomial time . Similarly , a language is in UP if a given answer can be verified in polynomial time , and the verifier machine only accepts at most one answer for each problem instance . More formally , a language L belongs to UP if there exists a two-input polynomial-time algorithm A and a constant c such that if x in L , then there exists a unique certificate y with such that if x is not in L , there is no certificate y with such that algorithm A verifies L in polynomial time . UP ( and its complement co-UP ) contain both the integer factorization problem and parity game problem ; because determined effort has yet to find a polynomial-time solution to any of these problems , it is suspected to be difficult to show P = UP , or even P = ( UP ∩ co-UP ) . The Valiant-Vazirani theorem states that NP is contained in RPPromise-UP , which means that there is a randomized reduction from any problem in NP to a problem in Promise-UP . UP is not known to have any complete problems ." }, { "docid": "Time_Machine_(novel_series)", "title": "", "text": "Time Machine was a series of children 's novels published in the United States by Bantam Books from 1984 to 1989 , similar to their more successful Choose Your Own Adventure line of `` interactive '' novels . Each book was written in the second person , with the reader choosing how the story should progress . They were designed by Byron Preiss Visual Publications . The main difference between the Choose Your Own Adventure series and the Time Machine series was that Time Machine books featured only one ending , forcing the reader to try many different choices until they discovered it . Also , the series taught children basic history about many diverse subjects , from dinosaurs to World War II . Only the sixth book in the series , The Rings of Saturn , departed from actual history ; it is set in the future , and features educational content about the solar system . Some books gave the reader their choice from a small list of equipment at the beginning , and this choice would affect events later in the book ( e.g. `` If you brought the pen knife , turn to page 52 , if not turn to page 45 . '' ) . Another main difference between the Time Machine novels and the Choose Your Own Adventure counterparts was hints offered at certain junctures , where the reader was advised to look at hints at the back of the book . An example was in Mission to World War II about the Warsaw Ghetto uprising , where the reader was given the choice of starting the mission in the Jewish ghetto or the Aryan part of Warsaw , in which the hint read `` Hitler may have had Jewish family members '' , suggesting the reader should begin in the Jewish section of the city , but not ordering it , or it was possible for the hint to be missed . The line spawned a brief spin-off series for younger readers , the Time Traveler novels ." }, { "docid": "Multi-armed_bandit", "title": "", "text": "In probability theory , the multi-armed bandit problem ( sometimes called the K - or N-armed bandit problem ) is a problem in which a gambler at a row of slot machines ( sometimes known as `` one-armed bandits '' ) has to decide which machines to play , how many times to play each machine and in which order to play them . When played , each machine provides a random reward from a probability distribution specific to that machine . The objective of the gambler is to maximize the sum of rewards earned through a sequence of lever pulls . Herbert Robbins in 1952 , realizing the importance of the problem , constructed convergent population selection strategies in `` some aspects of the sequential design of experiments '' . A theorem , the Gittins index , first published by John C. Gittins , gives an optimal policy for maximizing the expected discounted reward . In practice , multi-armed bandits have been used to model the problem of managing research projects in a large organization , like a science foundation or a pharmaceutical company . Given a fixed budget , the problem is to allocate resources among the competing projects , whose properties are only partially known at the time of allocation , but which may become better understood as time passes . In early versions of the multi-armed bandit problem , the gambler has no initial knowledge about the machines . The crucial tradeoff the gambler faces at each trial is between `` exploitation '' of the machine that has the highest expected payoff and `` exploration '' to get more information about the expected payoffs of the other machines . The trade-off between exploration and exploitation is also faced in reinforcement learning ." }, { "docid": "Time_machine_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "A time machine is a fictional/hypothetical device used to achieve time travel . Time machine may also refer to :" }, { "docid": "Lord_of_the_Fells", "title": "", "text": "Lord of the Fells is a customary title of the Lords of Bowland . The title is thought to have become customary during the high medieval period as a description of the Lords ' rugged upland demesne . Bowland Fells , more widely known as the Forest of Bowland , is an area of barren gritstone fells , deep valleys and peat moorland , mostly in north-east Lancashire , England . A small part lies in North Yorkshire , and much of the area was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire . The Lordship of the Forest of Bowland itself was created by William Rufus sometime after Domesday . It may have been a reward for Roger de Poitou , 1st Lord of Bowland , for his role in defeating the army of Scots king Malcolm III in 1091 -- 1092 . The Forest and Liberty of Bowland , along with the grant of the adjacent fee of Blackburnshire and holdings in Hornby and Amounderness , came in time to form the basis of what became known as the Honor of Clitheroe . Like the subsidiary titles Lord of the Isles and Lord of Mann , Lord of the Fells has royal associations . After 1351 , the Lordship of Bowland was administered as part of the Duchy of Lancaster , with the Duke ( from 1399 , the Sovereign ) acknowledged lord paramount over the Forest and the ten manors of the Liberty . As lord paramount , he was styled Lord King of Bowland . In recent press coverage , the current 16th Lord of Bowland has been described as `` Lord of the Fells '' but in reality , the title has been little used in modern times ." }, { "docid": "History_of_perpetual_motion_machines", "title": "", "text": "The history of perpetual motion machines dates back to the Middle Ages . For millennia , it was not clear whether perpetual motion devices were possible or not , but modern theories of thermodynamics have shown that they are impossible . Despite this , many attempts have been made to construct such machines , continuing into modern times . Modern designers and proponents sometimes use other terms , such as `` overunity '' , to describe their inventions ." }, { "docid": "How_to_Build_a_Time_Machine", "title": "", "text": "How to Build a Time Machine by Paul Davies is a 2002 , fiction book that discusses the possibilities of time travel . It was published by Penguin Books . In this book , why time is relative , how this relates to time travel , then proceeds to lay out a `` blueprint '' for a real time machine . It is a realistic , although a bit fantastical , book ." } ]
74534	Arsenic and Old Lace was released in 1964.	[ { "docid": "Arsenic_and_Old_Lace_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Arsenic and Old Lace is a 1944 American dark comedy film directed by Frank Capra , starring Cary Grant , and based on Joseph Kesselring 's play Arsenic and Old Lace . The script adaptation was by Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein . Capra actually filmed the movie in 1941 because of star Cary Grant 's availability , but it was not released until 1944 , after the original stage version had finished its run on Broadway . The lead role of Mortimer Brewster was originally intended for Bob Hope , but he could not be released from his contract with Paramount . Capra had also approached Jack Benny and Ronald Reagan before learning that Grant would accept the role . Boris Karloff played Jonathan Brewster , who `` looks like Karloff , '' on the Broadway stage , but he was unable to do the movie as well because he was still appearing in the play during filming , and Raymond Massey took his place . The film 's supporting cast also features Priscilla Lane , Jack Carson , Edward Everett Horton and Peter Lorre . Josephine Hull and Jean Adair portray the Brewster sisters , Abby and Martha , respectively . Hull and Adair , as well as John Alexander ( who played Teddy Brewster ) , were reprising their roles from the 1941 stage production . Hull and Adair both received an eight-week leave of absence from the stage production that was still running , but Karloff did not as he was an investor in the stage production and its main draw . The entire film was shot within those eight weeks . The film cost just over $ 1.2 million of a $ 2 million budget to produce ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Arsenic_and_Old_Lace", "title": "", "text": "Arsenic and Old Lace may refer to : Arsenic and Old Lace ( play ) , a 1939 play by Joseph Kesselring Arsenic and Old Lace ( film ) , a 1944 film adaptation directed by Frank Capra Arsenic and Old Lace , a 1955 television adaptation for the anthology series The Best of Broadway Arsenic & Old Lace , a 1962 Hallmark Hall of Fame television film Arsenic and Old Lace ( 1969 film ) , an ABC Movie of the Week remake directed by Robert Scheerer" }, { "docid": "Joseph_Kesselring", "title": "", "text": "Joseph Otto Kesselring ( July 21 , 1902 -- November 5 , 1967 ) was an American playwright known best for Arsenic and Old Lace , a hit on Broadway from 1939 to 1944 and other countries as well . He was born in New York City to Henry and Frances Kesselring . His father 's parents were immigrants from Germany . His mother was an English Canadian . Kesselring spent much of his life in and around the theater . In 1922 he began teaching vocal music and directed stage productions at Bethel College in North Newton , Kansas a Mennonite school . After two years , Kesselring left teaching and returned to the stage , working for two years with an amateur theatrical group in Niagara , New York . He began working as a freelance playwright in 1933 , completing 12 original plays , of which four were produced on Broadway : There 's Wisdom in Women ( 1935 ) , Arsenic and Old Lace ( 1939 ) , Four Twelves are 48 ( 1951 ) , and Mother of that Wisdom ( 1963 ) . Arsenic and Old Lace was his masterpiece . It ran for 1444 performances on Broadway and 1337 performances in London , and became a staple on the high school and dinner theater circuits . The movie version released in 1944 was also a comedy hit . Arsenic and Old Lace appeared at a time of strong isolationist sentiment regarding European affairs , of the sort that was very strong at Bethel College . The play suggested that the elite running America had a murderous heritage . Kesselring lived in a college house that resembled the set of Arsenic and Old Lace , and locals have tried to identify who were some of the character models he used . Kesselring was an Episcopalian who did not fit in well with the straight-laced college . He moved on in 1924 . Kesselring died in Kingston , New York in 1967 at the age of 65 . In 1980 , the National Arts Club created the Joseph Kesselring Prize for up-and-coming playwrights . It was funded by Kesselring 's widow , Charlotte . Among the playwrights who have won the prize are Tony Kushner , David Adjmi , Doug Wright , Anna Deavere Smith , David Auburn , Rajiv Joseph , Melissa James Gibson , Jo Carson , Nicky Silver , David Lindsay-Abaire , José Rivera , Naomi Wallace , Philip Kan Gotanda , Kira Obolensky , Tracey Scott Wilson , and Marion McClinton ." }, { "docid": "Arsenic_and_Old_Lace_(play)", "title": "", "text": "Arsenic and Old Lace is a play by the American playwright Joseph Kesselring , written in 1939 . It has become best known through the subsequent film adaptation starring Cary Grant and directed by Frank Capra . The play was directed by Bretaigne Windust , and opened on Broadway at the Fulton Theatre on January 10 , 1941 . On September 25 , 1943 , the play moved to the Hudson Theatre . It closed there on June 17 , 1944 , having played 1,444 performances . Of the twelve plays written by Kesselring , Arsenic and Old Lace was the most successful , and , according to the opening night review in The New York Times , the play was `` so funny that none of us will ever forget it . ''" }, { "docid": "Arsenic_&_Old_Lace", "title": "", "text": "Arsenic & Old Lace is a 1962 television film directed by George Schaefer and starring Tony Randall . It first aired during season 11 of the NBC anthology series Hallmark Hall of Fame . It is an adaptation of Joseph Kesselring 's 1939 play Arsenic and Old Lace . Boris Karloff reprised his role as Jonathan Brewster ( who is described by the other characters as resembling the Frankenstein star ) , which he had originated on Broadway . He had been unable to appear in Frank Capra 's 1944 film due to a scheduling conflict , but had played Jonathan on television once before , in a 1955 adaptation for the CBS anthology series The Best of Broadway ." }, { "docid": "Old_Lace", "title": "", "text": "Old Lace can mean : Old Lace ( color ) , a very pale yellowish orange like the color of an old lace tablecloth Old Lace ( comics ) , a fictional dinosaur Old Lace ( song ) , a song from 1933 by Isham Jones and Charles Newman" }, { "docid": "Meet_John_Doe", "title": "", "text": "Meet John Doe is a 1941 American comedy drama film directed and produced by Frank Capra , and starring Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck . The film is about a `` grassroots '' political campaign created unwittingly by a newspaper columnist with the involvement of a hired homeless man and pursued by the paper 's wealthy owner . It became a box office hit and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Story . It was ranked # 49 in AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Cheers . In 1969 , the film entered the public domain ( in the USA ) due to the claimants ' failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after release . It was the first of two features Capra made for Warner Brothers , after he left Columbia Pictures . His second film for Warners was an adaptation of the Broadway play Arsenic and Old Lace and was filmed in 1941 but not released until 1944 because the producers of the play would n't allow the film to be shown until the production closed ." }, { "docid": "Good_Old_Arsenal", "title": "", "text": "`` Good Old Arsenal '' was a single released by the English football team Arsenal in 1971 . It reached number 16 in the UK Singles Chart ." }, { "docid": "Mary_Jerrold", "title": "", "text": "Mary Jerrold ( 4 December 1877 -- 3 March 1955 ) was an English actress . She was married to actor Hubert Harben , and mother of actress Joan Harben and celebrity chef Philip Harben . She made her London stage debut as Prudence Dering in Mary Pennington Spinster ( 1896 ) ; and played Martha Brewster for three and a half years in the original West End production of Arsenic and Old Lace , opening in 1942 ." }, { "docid": "Priscilla_Lane", "title": "", "text": "Priscilla Lane ( born Priscilla Mullican , June 12 , 1915 -- April 4 , 1995 ) was an American actress , and the youngest of the Lane Sisters of singers and actresses . She is best remembered for her roles in the films The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) co-starring with James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart ; Saboteur ( 1942 ) , an Alfred Hitchcock film in which she plays the heroine , and Arsenic and Old Lace ( 1944 ) , in which she portrays Cary Grant 's fiancée and bride ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Miller_(actor)", "title": "", "text": "Martin Miller , born Rudolph Muller ( 2 September 1899 -- 26 August 1969 ) was a Czech character actor who played many small roles in British films and television series from the early 1940s until his death . He was best known for playing eccentric doctors , scientists and professors , although he played a wide range of small , obscure rolesincluding photographers , waiters , a pet store dealer , rabbis , a Dutch sailor and a Swiss tailor . On stage he was noted in particular for his parodies of Adolf Hitler and roles as Dr. Einstein in Arsenic and Old Lace and Mr. Paravinci in The Mousetrap . Miller appeared in several notable films , including Squadron Leader X ( 1943 ) , English Without Tears ( 1944 ) , The Third Man ( 1949 ) , The Gamma People ( 1956 ) , Peeping Tom ( 1960 ) , 55 Days at Peking ( 1963 ) , The V.I.P.s ( 1963 ) , The Pink Panther ( 1963 ) , and The Yellow Rolls-Royce ( 1964 ) . His most substantial roles include George II of Great Britain in Bonnie Prince Charlie ( 1948 ) and Kublai Khan in the Doctor Who serial Marco Polo . In the 1960s , he appeared in several ITC Entertainment cult television programmes , including Ghost Squad , Danger Man , The Saint , The Avengers and The Prisoner ." }, { "docid": "The_Boogie_Man_Will_Get_You", "title": "", "text": "The Boogie Man Will Get You is a 1942 horror comedy film , directed by Lew Landers and starring Boris Karloff and Peter Lorre . It was the final film Karloff made under his contract with Columbia Pictures , and it was filmed in the wake of his success in the Broadway production Arsenic and Old Lace . As he had done several times previously , Karloff played the part of a `` mad scientist '' , Professor Billings , who is using the basement of his inn to conduct experiments into using electricity to create a race of superhumans . The inn is bought by a new owner , who is initially unaware of the work Billings is conducting ." }, { "docid": "Amy_Archer-Gilligan", "title": "", "text": "Amy Duggan `` Sister '' Archer-Gilligan ( October 1873 -- April 23 , 1962 ) was a Windsor , Connecticut , nursing home proprietor and serial killer . She murdered at least five people by poisoning them . One of her victims was her second husband , Michael Gilligan ; the others were residents of her nursing home . It is possible that she was involved in more deaths . The authorities found a total of 48 deaths in her nursing home , the `` Archer Home for the Elderly and Infirm . '' The case attracted wide publicity at the time and has been cited as an inspiration for the play Arsenic and Old Lace and for Frank Capra 's later film of the same name ." }, { "docid": "Arras_lace", "title": "", "text": "Arras lace refers to a form of pure white bobbin lace that was made at Arras , France , from the 17th to 19th centuries . It is similar to , but stronger than Lille lace . Arras also produced gold lace and a lightweight lace called mignonette . Orris is another term for gold or silver bobbin lace , derived from the word Arras . The lace of Arras reached its peak during 1804 to 1812 and then declined . In 1851 , there were 8,000 lace-makers in a radius of eight miles round the city . By 1881 , only one house was making a speciality of the old patterns ." }, { "docid": "Gary_Sandy", "title": "", "text": "Gary Sandy ( born December 25 , 1945 ) is an American actor who starred as program director Andy Travis in the television sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati . In the 1980s , he starred in a stage production of Arsenic and Old Lace opposite Jean Stapleton and Marion Ross , and played The Pirate King on Broadway in The Pirates of Penzance . In the early 2000s , he starred opposite Ann-Margret in a stage production of The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas . Sandy was born in Dayton , Ohio , the son of Dolores and Austin Sandy . He attended Fairmont High School in Kettering , Ohio and lived in Moraine , Ohio . He later attended Wilmington College in Wilmington , Ohio , and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City ." }, { "docid": "Mechlin_lace", "title": "", "text": "Mechlin lace or Point de Malines is an old bobbin lace originally produced in Mechelen . This type of fine expensive lace was worn primarily during summer ." }, { "docid": "The_Secret_in_the_Old_Lace", "title": "", "text": "The Secret in the Old Lace is the fifty-ninth volume in the Nancy Drew mystery series . It was first published in 1980 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene . It is about how Nancy can solve a mystery about a lace cuff with hidden messages . She must then travel to Belgium to solve the mystery ." }, { "docid": "Rebecca_Hollweg", "title": "", "text": "Rebecca Hollweg ( born 30 June 1964 ) is an English singer-songwriter . She has been described as `` a talented songsmith '' who `` combines old-school craftsmanship with Joni Mitchell 's perspectives on relationships and environment '' and `` a silky-voiced jazz-influenced songwriter '' who `` laces her low-key arrangements with exquisite vocals '' ." }, { "docid": "Cary_Grant_on_stage,_radio_and_screen", "title": "", "text": "Cary Grant on stage , radio and screen During his acting career , between 1932 and 1966 , Grant acted in at least 76 films . In 1999 , the American Film Institute named Grant the second greatest male star of Golden Age Hollywood cinema ( after Humphrey Bogart ) . He was nominated twice for the Academy Award as Best Actor in Penny Serenade ( 1941 ) and None but the Lonely Heart ( 1944 ) . Widely recognized for comedic and dramatic roles , among his best-known films are Bringing Up Baby ( 1938 ) , Only Angels Have Wings ( 1939 ) , His Girl Friday ( 1940 ) , The Philadelphia Story ( 1940 ) , Arsenic and Old Lace ( 1944 ) , An Affair to Remember ( 1957 ) , North by Northwest ( 1959 ) , and Charade ( 1963 ) ." }, { "docid": "Ed_Brigadier", "title": "", "text": "Ed Brigadier ( October 16 , 1949 -- February 26 , 2012 ) was an American actor immortalized as the gruesome motorcycle-riding title character in the cult slasher film , Dr. Chopper ( 2005 ) . Brigadier made many other appearances in film and television on such shows as House , Nip/Tuck , Scrubs , Alias , and Malcolm in the Middle . He appeared many times on The History Channel , most memorably as Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil in the miniseries The War That Made America - The Story of the French and Indian War , and acted on stage in such plays as The Imaginary Invalid , A Servant of Two Masters , and A Midsummer Night 's Dream . In the 1980s , Brigadier spent time in Berlin , Germany working for the U.S. Army Recreation Services as a director for the community theater there . He performed and directed Arsenic and Old Lace while there ." }, { "docid": "Old_Lace_(comics)", "title": "", "text": "Old Lace ( often nicknamed as OL ) is a superheroine fictional character in Marvel Comics ." }, { "docid": "The_Old_Lacemaker", "title": "", "text": "The Old Lacemaker ( circa 1655 ) is an oil on canvas painting by the Dutch painter Nicolaes Maes . It is an example of Dutch Golden Age painting and is part of the collection of the Mauritshuis . The painting shows a woman making bobbin lace and the lace pillow she is using is the same in all the paintings Maes made of lacemakers : This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1914 , who wrote ; `` 71 . An Old Lace-Maker . Sm . Suppl . 7 . An old woman with spectacles , facing the spectator , sits making lace . She wears a black jacket with scarlet sleeves . Over her head hangs a basket of eggs . On a dresser at the side is some crockery . '' A masterly production but a little darkened by time '' ( Sm . ) . Panel , 15 1/2 inches by 13 1/2 inches . Sale . London , 1836 ( # 69 : 6s . ) . '' The 1836 sale was at Christie 's lot 60 , and the buyer was Colemna . In 1994 it came on the market again and the museum was able to purchase it with support from VSB Fonds Den Haag , Vereniging Rembrandt , and Vrienden van het Mauritshuis ." }, { "docid": "An_Old_Woman_Dozing", "title": "", "text": "An Old Woman Dozing ( circa 1656 ) is an oil on canvas painting by the Dutch painter Nicolaes Maes . It is an example of Dutch Golden Age painting and is part of the collection of the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium . The woman is dozing over a book and on the table next to her is a lace pillow for bobbin lace . Lace pillows were a favorite subject by Maes , who painted them with their owners : This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1914 , who wrote ; `` 99 . AN OLD WOMAN DOZING OVER HER BOOK . She is in black with a white cap . She sits on a chair facing the spectator . Her spectacles are in her right hand , which rests on a Bible in her lap . Her head rests on her left hand ; her elbow is on the table with a red cover beside her . On the table are a lace-pillow and a Bible open at the book of Amos . On a shelf on the wall are a jug and a candlestick with a candle in it . Canvas , 54 inches by 41 1/2 inches . Acquired from Gauchez , Paris , 1885 , for the Museum ( for 66,000 francs ) . In the Brussels Museum , 1908 catalogue , No. 279 . ''" }, { "docid": "Charles_Lane_(actor)", "title": "", "text": "Charles Lane ( born Charles Gerstle Levison ; January 26 , 1905 -- July 9 , 2007 ) was an American character actor and centenarian whose career spanned 77 years . Lane gave his last performance at the age of 101 as a narrator in 2006 . Lane appeared in many Frank Capra films , including You Ca n't Take It With You ( 1938 ) , Mr. Smith Goes to Washington ( 1939 ) , Arsenic and Old Lace ( 1944 ) and It 's a Wonderful Life ( 1946 ) . He was a favored supporting actor of Lucille Ball , who often used him as a no-nonsense authority figure and comedic foe of her scatterbrained TV character on her TV series I Love Lucy , The Lucy -- Desi Comedy Hour and The Lucy Show . His first film of more than 250 was as a hotel clerk in Smart Money ( 1931 ) starring Edward G. Robinson and James Cagney ." }, { "docid": "Needle_lace", "title": "", "text": "Needle lace ( also known as needlelace or needle-made lace or point lace ) is a type of lace created using a needle and thread to stitch up hundreds of small stitches to form the lace itself . In its purest form the only equipment and materials used are a needle , thread and scissors . This form of lace making originated in Armenia where there is evidence of an Armenian needle lace making tradition dating back to the pre-Christian era . Turkish needle lace is also very popular around the world . This form however arose separately from what is usually termed needle lace and is generally referred to as knotted lace . Such lace is very durable and will not unravel if one or more loops are broken . Beginning in the 17th century in Italy , a variety of styles developed where the work is started by securing heavier guiding threads onto a stiff background ( such as thick paper ) with stitches that can later be removed . The work is then built up using a variety of stitches - the most basic being a variety of buttonhole or blanket stitch . When the entire area is covered with the stitching , the stay-stitches are released and the lace comes away from the paper . See reticella . Needle lace is also used to create the fillings or insertions in cutwork ." }, { "docid": "Peter_Lorre", "title": "", "text": "Peter Lorre ( born László Löwenstein ; 26 June 1904 -- 23 March 1964 ) was an Austro-Hungarian-American actor . In Austria , he began his stage career in Vienna before moving to Germany where he had his breakthrough , first on the stage , then in film in Berlin in the late 1920s and early 1930s . Lorre caused an international sensation in the German film M ( 1931 ) , directed by Fritz Lang , in which he portrayed a serial killer who preys on little girls . Because he was Jewish , he left Germany after 1933 . His first English-language film was Alfred Hitchcock 's The Man Who Knew Too Much ( 1934 ) made in Great Britain . Eventually settling in Hollywood , he later became a featured player in many Hollywood crime and mystery films . In his initial American films , Mad Love and Crime and Punishment , he continued to play murderers , but he was then cast playing Mr. Moto , the Japanese detective , in a run of B pictures . From 1941 to 1946 he mainly worked for Warner Bros. . The first of these films at Warners was The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , which began a sequence in which he appeared with Humphrey Bogart and Sydney Greenstreet . This was followed by Casablanca ( 1942 ) , the second of the nine films in which Lorre and Greenstreet appeared . Lorre 's other films include Frank Capra 's Arsenic and Old Lace ( 1944 ) and Disney 's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea ( 1954 ) . Frequently typecast as a sinister foreigner , his later career was erratic . Lorre was the first actor to play a James Bond villain as Le Chiffre in a TV version of Casino Royale ( 1954 ) . Some of his last roles were in horror films directed by Roger Corman ." }, { "docid": "Laced/Unlaced", "title": "", "text": "Laced/Unlaced is a two-disc instrumental album . Disc one , `` Laced '' , is a re-release of On a Day ... , Emilie 's fledgling record . Disc two , `` Unlaced '' , contains all electric violin recordings by Emilie Autumn . A limited-edition CD + book set was released on March 9 , 2007 with 2000 copies being printed worldwide , and the jewel case album was re-released on June 15 ." }, { "docid": "Guerillas_in_Pink_Lace", "title": "", "text": "Guerillas in Pink Lace is a 1964 Philippine Techniscope comedy set during the invasion of the Philippines during World War II . The film starred George Montgomery who also produced , directed and co-wrote the screenplay as well as featuring his own father in a role as a Priest ." }, { "docid": "Corythucha_ciliata", "title": "", "text": "Corythucha ciliata , the sycamore lace bug , is a species of lace bug Tingidae that is linked to sycamores in the New and Old Worlds . It is native to the New world ." }, { "docid": "Cable_lacing", "title": "", "text": "Cable lacing is a method for tying wiring harnesses and cable looms , traditionally used in telecommunication , naval , and aerospace applications . This old cable management technique , taught to generations of linemen , is still used in some modern applications since it does not create obstructions along the length of the cable , avoiding the handling problems of cables groomed by plastic or velcro cable ties . Cable lacing uses a thin cord , traditionally made of waxed linen , to bind together a group of cables using a series of running lockstitches . Flat lacing tapes made of modern materials such as nylon , polyester , Teflon , fiberglass , and Nomex are also available with a variety of coatings to improve knot holding ." }, { "docid": "Lace_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Lace is the studio album by Canadian country music group Lace . The album was released on October 5 , 1999 on 143 Records ." } ]
65292	The Catalyst is a rock song.	[ { "docid": "The_Catalyst", "title": "", "text": "`` The Catalyst '' is a song by American rock band Linkin Park . Released on August 2 , 2010 , it is the first single from their fourth studio album , A Thousand Suns , which was released on September 8 , 2010 . The music video for the song , directed by the band 's turntablist Joe Hahn , was released on August 26 , 2010 . `` The Catalyst '' is used in the trailer and credits of the video game Medal of Honor and also the opening song of Namco-Bandai 's Arcade game , Mobile Suit Gundam : Extreme Vs. . It was also used in select commercials of the Discovery Channel series , Surviving the Cut . The song was also featured in the video game Linkin Park Revenge for the iPhone , iPad , and iPod Touch . `` The Catalyst '' has also been used in the advertisement for the 2011 movie The Lincoln Lawyer with Matthew McConaughey . `` The Catalyst '' , along with five other songs from A Thousand Suns , are featured in the `` Linkin Park Track Pack '' as downloadable content for the rhythm video game Guitar Hero : Warriors of Rock . The track pack was released on October 19 , 2010 ." }, { "docid": "A_Thousand_Suns", "title": "", "text": "A Thousand Suns is the fourth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released on September 8 , 2010 , by Warner Bros. . Records . The album was written by the band and was produced by Linkin Park vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin , who worked together to produce the band 's previous studio album Minutes to Midnight ( 2007 ) . Recording sessions for A Thousand Suns took place at NRG Recording Studios in North Hollywood , California from 2008 until early 2010 . A Thousand Suns is a multi-concept album dealing with human fears such as nuclear warfare . The band has said the album is a drastic departure from their previous work ; they experimented on different and new sounds . Shinoda told MTV the album references numerous social issues and blends human ideas with technology . The title is a reference to Hindu Sanskrit scripture , a line of which was first popularized in 1945 by J. Robert Oppenheimer , who described the atomic bomb as being `` as bright as a thousand suns '' . It also appears in a line from the first single of the album , `` The Catalyst '' . `` The Catalyst '' was sent to radio and released to digital music retailers on August 2 , 2010 . `` The Catalyst '' peaked at the Billboard Alternative Songs and Rock Songs charts . Three more singles were released to promote the album : `` Waiting for the End '' , `` Burning in the Skies '' and `` Iridescent '' . `` The Catalyst '' and `` Waiting for the End '' were certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Linkin Park promoted the album through the A Thousand Suns World Tour from October 2010 to September 2011 . Upon release , the album polarized critics and fans . The band 's fanbase divided over their new sound , splitting them into `` love-it versus hate-it groups '' according to one reviewer . Despite this , the album has been a commercial success , debuting at number one on over ten charts . It was certified gold by the RIAA in February 2011 . By June 2014 , it had sold over 960,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan ." } ]	[ { "docid": "All_Downhill_from_Here", "title": "", "text": "`` All Downhill from Here '' is the first single from New Found Glory 's fourth studio album , Catalyst . The song helped the album springboard the band 's success . `` All Downhill from Here '' was released to radio on April 6 , 2004 . The band initially wanted to name the song after the album ( Catalyst ) , but their record label decided to change the name to All Downhill from Here so listeners could identify the song more easily after hearing it . The single peaked at number 11 on Billboard 's Modern Rock Tracks ." }, { "docid": "Shorty_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Shorty '' is a song by American rock band The Get Up Kids . The single was self-funded , and was a major catalyst for the band 's early success , gaining the attention of several record labels including the band 's future label Doghouse Records ." }, { "docid": "The_Catalyst_Schools", "title": "", "text": "The Catalyst Schools , a system of Chicago-based charter schools , operate out of the city 's Austin and North Lawndale neighborhoods . The two schools in the system are the Catalyst Schools -- Circle Rock Charter and the Catalyst Schools -- Howland Charter ." }, { "docid": "Stand_Apart", "title": "", "text": "Stand Apart is an acoustic and third overall EP by Australian alternative rock band Dead Letter Circus . It was exclusively released through iTunes on 29 August 2014 preceding four sold-out acoustic shows . The songs are re-imagined versions ( including string arrangements ) of tunes from the band 's second album The Catalyst Fire '' ( 2013 ) ." }, { "docid": "Castle_of_Glass", "title": "", "text": "`` Castle of Glass '' is a song written by American rock band Linkin Park for their fifth studio album , Living Things . The song was produced by co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin . The song was released as a promotional single for Danger Close Games 's 2012 release , Medal of Honor : Warfighter , as with Linkin Park 's previous contribution to the Medal of Honor series , `` The Catalyst '' . The single was released on February 2 , 2013 in physical format and on March 22 , 2013 it was released as a digital single on iTunes . A Mike Shinoda remix is featured on Linkin Park 's second remix album , Recharged . The remix version is also featured in the video game Need for Speed Rivals as part of the soundtrack ." }, { "docid": "Perfect_Distraction", "title": "", "text": "Perfect Distraction is the second studio album by Australian punk rock band Something with Numbers . It was released on 7 October 2006 and is credited as the album which gave the band their commercial break through , featuring the hit single , `` Apple of the Eye ( Lay Me Down ) '' and peaking on the ARIA albums chart at # 37 . The album featured a range of styles and genres , introducing an element of soul rock into their previous punk rock sound . The album features three songs that were released as singles . The first and most popular being `` Apple of the Eye ( Lay Me Down ) '' . `` Apple of the Eye '' peaked at # 34 on the ARIA singles charts , and placed # 64 on the Triple J Hottest 100 , 2006 . The second single from the album was `` Chase the Chaser '' , it failed to reach the ARIA charts , but did receive airplay on Australian music television network , Channel V . The third single was `` Goodbye Mickey Finn '' , which is the song which is `` the most personal and has the most meaning to the band members '' , seeing `` the band tone it down a notch '' while witnessing the `` catalyst for the biggest change in their creative careers '' ." }, { "docid": "Catalyst_(New_Found_Glory_album)", "title": "", "text": "Catalyst is the fourth studio album by American rock band New Found Glory . It was produced by Neal Avron ." }, { "docid": "Catalyst_Theatre", "title": "", "text": "Catalyst Theatre is a theatre company in Edmonton , Alberta founded in 1977 . Catalyst Theatre creates and tours new work developed under Artistic Director Jonathan Christenson in collaboration with Resident Designer Bretta Gerecke . Since 1997 , Catalyst 's artistic team has created original productions that have toured the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia and the United States . Catalyst has received 25 Sterling Awards for its productions of The House of Pootsie Plunket , Songs for Sinners , Elephant Wake , Fusion 2001 , The Blue Orphan , Carmen Angel , Frankenstein and Nevermore , and Hunchback . In the spring of 2013 Catalyst produced a new work called `` The Soul Collector '' which ran at the Westbury Theatre . Their production of `` Vigilante '' , which premiered at the Citadel Theatre in 2015 , will depart on Catalyst 's largest tour ever across Canada in 2017 . Playing at Persephone Theatre in Saskatoon , The Grand Theatre in London ( Ontario ) , and Canada 's National Arts Centre in Ottawa . Their newest work , `` Fortune Falls '' premiered at Alberta Theatre Projects in October 2016 , and will play in Edmonton opening on January 18 , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "The_Catalyst_Fire", "title": "", "text": "The Catalyst Fire is the second studio album by Australian progressive rock band Dead Letter Circus . It featured new band members Tom Skerlj and Clint Vincent after founding member and guitarist Rob Maric left the band at the end of 2012 ." }, { "docid": "Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)", "title": "", "text": "Pub rock is a rock music genre that was developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United Kingdom . A back-to-basics movement , pub rock was a reaction against progressive and glam rock . Although short-lived , pub rock was notable for rejecting stadium venues and for returning live rock to the small pubs and clubs of its early years . It was the catalyst for the British punk rock scene ." }, { "docid": "Datblygu", "title": "", "text": "Datblygu ( -LSB- datˈbləɡi -RSB- meaning `` develop '' or `` developing '' ) are an experimental Welsh rock group formed in 1982 . They are regarded as a catalyst of the new wave of Welsh rock in the early '80s ." }, { "docid": "Clay_chemistry", "title": "", "text": "Clay chemistry is an applied subdiscipline of chemistry which studies the chemical structures , properties and reactions of or involving clays and clay minerals . It is a multidisciplinary field , involving concepts and knowledge from inorganic and structural chemistry , physical chemistry , materials chemistry , analytical chemistry , organic chemistry , mineralogy , geology and others . The study of the chemistry ( and physics ) of clays and clay minerals is of great academic and industrial relevance as they are among the most widely used industrial minerals , being employed as raw materials ( ceramics , pottery , etc. ) , adsorbents , catalysts , additives , mineral charges , medicines , building materials and others . The unique properties of clay minerals including : nanometric scale layered construction , presence of fixed and interchangeable charges , possibility of adsorbing and hosting ( intercalating ) molecules , ability of forming stable colloidal dispersions , possibility of tailored surface and interlayer chemical modification and others , make the study of clay chemistry a very important and extremely varied field of research . Many distinct fields and knowledge areas are impacted by the phisico-chemical behavior of clay minerals , from environmental sciences to chemical process engineering , from pottery to nuclear waste management . Their cation exchange capacity ( CEC ) is of great importance in the balance of the most common cations in soil ( Na + , K + , NH4 + , Ca2 + , Mg2 + ) and pH control , with direct impact on the soil fertility . It also plays an important role in the fate of most Ca2 + arriving from land ( river water ) into the seas . The ability to change and control the CEC of clay minerals offers a valuable tool in the development of selective adsorbants with applications as varied as chemical sensors or pollution cleaning substances for contaminated water , for example . The understanding of the reactions of clay minerals with water ( intercalation , adsorption , colloidal dispersion , etc. ) are indispensable for the ceramic industry ( plasticity and flow control of ceramic raw mixtures , for example ) . Those interactions also influence a great number of mechanical properties of soils , being carefully studied by building and construction engineering specialists . The interactions of clay minerals with organic substances in the soil also plays a vital role in the fixation of nutrients and fertility , as well as in the fixation or leaching of pesticides and other contaminants . Some clay minerals ( Kaolinite ) are used as carrier material for fungicides and insecticides . The weathering of many rock types produce clay minerals as one of its last products . The understanding of these geochemical processes is also important for the understanding of geological evolution of landscapes and macroscopic properties of rocks and sediments . Presence of clay minerals in Mars , detected by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2009 was another strong evidence of the existence of water on the planet in previous geological eras . The possibility to disperse nanometric scaled clay mineral particles into a matrix of polymer , with the formation of an inorganic-organic nanocomposite has prompted a large resurgence in the study of these minerals from the late 1990s . In addition , study of clay chemistry is also of great relevance to the chemical industry , as many clay minerals are used as catalysts , catalyst precursors or catalyst substrates in a number of chemical processes , like automotive catalysts and oil cracking catalysts ." }, { "docid": "Party_of_Special_Things_to_Do", "title": "", "text": "`` Party of Special Things to Do '' is a song by Captain Beefheart from the album Bluejeans & Moonbeams ( 1974 ) . It was covered and released as a 7 '' single by Detroit garage rock band the White Stripes . Their 7 '' record also contains two other covers of Captain Beefheart who , among others , was an inspirational catalyst in the creation of Jack White 's distinct musical sound . The recording was released in December 2000 as part of the Sub Pop Singles Club in a limited edition pressing of 1,300 copies on half-red , half-white vinyl . Party of Special Things to Do was reissued by Third Man Records in early 2011 as a part of their Vault subscription service . The limited edition 7 '' record was pressed as a tri-color record in equal parts red , black and white ." }, { "docid": "Chris_Catalyst", "title": "", "text": "Chris Catalyst ( born 11 February 1980 ) has been the guitarist and bass player from various British and American rock bands over the past decade , including The Sisters of Mercy , Ugly Kid Joe , Ginger Wildheart , Mariachi El Bronx , The Dead Pets , Pato Banton , Rankin Roger , AntiProduct and his own band Eureka Machines , as well as stints playing keyboards for Terrorvision and The Scaramanga Six . He was also known as Robochrist , a solo industrial comedy act with face paint and props which he used to perform , but is now on hold for the time being ." }, { "docid": "Phillips_catalyst", "title": "", "text": "The Phillips catalyst , or the Phillips supported chromium catalyst , is the catalyst used to produce approximately half of the world 's polyethylene . A heterogeneous catalyst , it consists of a chromium oxide supported on silica gel . Polyethylene , the most abundant synthetic polymer , is produced industrially by the polymerization of ethylene : n C2H4 → ( C2H4 ) n Although exergonic ( i.e. , thermodynamically favorable ) , the reaction requires catalysts . Three main catalysts are employed commercially : the Phillips catalyst , Ziegler-Natta catalysts ( based on titanium trichloride ) , and , for specialty polymers , metallocene-based catalysts ." }, { "docid": "Bernice_Johnson_Reagon", "title": "", "text": "Bernice Johnson Reagon ( born Bernice Johnson on October 4 , 1942 ) is a song leader , composer , scholar , and social activist , who was a founding member of the SNCC Freedom Singers in the Albany Movement . in Georgia . In 1973 she founded the all-black female a cappella ensemble Sweet Honey in the Rock , based in Washington , D.C. Reagon , along with other members of the SNCC Freedom Singers , realized the power of collective singing to unify the disparate groups who began to work together in the 1964 Freedom Summer protests in the South . `` After a song , '' Reagon recalled , `` the differences between us were not so great . Somehow , making a song required an expression of that which was common to us all ... . This music was like an instrument , like holding a tool in your hand . '' The Albany Singing Movement became a vital catalyst for change through music in the early 1960s protests of the Civil Rights era . Reagon devoted her life to social justice through music via recordings , activism , community singing , and scholarship . She earned her Ph.D. from Howard University and is an emeritus faculty member in the History Department at The American University . She has also been a scholar-in-residence at Stanford and received an honorary doctorate of music from Berklee College of Music ." }, { "docid": "Your_Biggest_Mistake", "title": "", "text": "Your Biggest Mistake may refer to : `` Your Biggest Mistake '' , a song by New Found Glory from the album Catalyst `` Your Biggest Mistake '' , a song by Ellie Goulding from the album Lights" }, { "docid": "Live_at_London's_Talk_of_the_Town", "title": "", "text": "Live at London 's Talk of the Town is a 1968 live album released by Diana Ross & the Supremes on the Motown label , recorded at the Talk of the Town nightclub . This performance marked the first time that new member Cindy Birdsong had performed overseas with original Supremes Diana Ross and Mary Wilson , a year after original founding member Florence Ballard was ousted . The group performed a variation of standards , show tunes , and their own classics with British rock stars Mick Jagger and Paul McCartney reportedly in attendance . The songs recorded are from the group 's 1968 European tour . That European tour also garnered a famous Swedish television special that was used as a catalyst to promote this album . The album includes `` Medley : The Leading Ladies '' , a solo spot for Diana Ross . It is a variation of a medley she first performed on her second starring role on their television special , `` G.I.T. ( Gettin ' It Together ) '' that also featured The Temptations . The contemporary hits go up to the first two Top Ten singles from the `` Reflections '' album . Songs omitted from the recording are `` I Hear a Symphony '' , `` Unchained Melody '' , `` Somewhere '' and `` Queen of the House '' ." }, { "docid": "Industrial_catalysts", "title": "", "text": "The first time a catalyst was used in the industry was in 1746 by J. Roebuck in the manufacture of lead chamber sulfuric acid . Since then catalysts have been in use in a large portion of the chemical industry . In the start only pure components were used as catalysts , but after the year 1900 multicomponent catalysts were studied and are now commonly used in the industry . In the chemical industry and industrial research , catalysis play an important role . Different catalysts are in constant development to fulfill economic , political and environmental demands . When using a catalyst it is possible to replace a polluting chemical reaction with a more environmentally friendly alternative . Today , and in the future , this can be vital for the chemical industry . In addition it 's important for a company/researcher to pay attention to market development . If a company 's catalyst is not continually improved , another company can make progress in research on that particular catalyst and gain market share . For a company , a new and improved catalyst can be a huge advantage for a competitive manufacturing cost . It 's extremely expensive for a company to shut down the plant because of an error in the catalyst , so the correct selection of a catalyst or a new improvement can be key to industrial success . To achieve the best understanding and development of a catalyst it is important that different special fields work together . These fields can be : organic chemistry , analytic chemistry , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineers and surface chemistry . The economics must also be taken into account . One of the issues that must be considered is if the company should use money on doing the catalyst research themselves or buy the technology from someone else . As the analytical tools are becoming more advanced , the catalysts used in the industry are improving . One example of an improvement can be to develop a catalyst with a longer lifetime than the previous version . Some of the advantages an improved catalyst gives , that affects people 's lives , are : cheaper and more effective fuel , new drugs and medications and new polymers . Some of the large chemical processes that use catalysis today are the production of methanol and ammonia . Both methanol and ammonia synthesis take advantage of the water-gas shift reaction and heterogeneous catalysis , while other chemical industries use homogenous catalysis . If the catalyst exists in the same phase as the reactants it is said to be homogenous ; otherwise it is heterogeneous ." }, { "docid": "InI_(hip_hop_group)", "title": "", "text": "InI was a hip hop group composed of Rob-O , Grap Luva , Ras G a.k.a. I Love H.I.M. , Marco Polo , now known as Jolomite , and DJ Boodakhan . The group started working on their debut album together with producer Pete Rock in the mid-90s , and signed a deal with Rock 's new found imprint Soul Brother Records through Elektra . The record company eventually shelved the album , releasing only one 12 '' single in 1996 . The track `` Fakin ' Jax '' , produced and featuring Pete Rock , became an underground hit . The album eventually became one of the most bootlegged album in hip-hop 's history , but in 2003 it saw an official release it was included on Lost & Found : Hip Hop Underground Soul Classics , a double LP of Pete Rock 's mid-1990s production work , originally canceled by Elektra Records . InI had called their debut album `` InI - `` The Life I Live '' , although the bootlegged name is contrary stating `` Centre Of Attention '' , which is incorrect . Although most people may think Grap Luva is the master of InI , it was Rob-O as he was the `` brainchild '' of the work . Rob was highly skilled , as a lyricist & vocalist . Despite the fact that Pete Rock is not an official member of the group , it is synonymous with his name , as he produced almost every track of Center of Attention , and Grap Luva is his younger brother . Rock also had verses on two songs ( Fakin Jax & Worldwide ) in the albums with additional ad-libs and background vocals on basically every track . InI had released a demo-tape called `` Krossroads '' , and `` Concerned '' , grap describes this as their earlist tapes . Concerned appears to be called `` For Your Own Concern '' although it was called `` Concerned '' by the InI group . Grap 's man from France was responsible for sharing concerned . `` The beat is sick '' - Grap , in the song they talk about safe sex ; thus the title , to be concerned . The rhyme that rob-o had spit on `` To each his own '' was the rhyme he had spit on `` Concerned '' . After Center of Attention got shelved the group members went their separate ways , while only two of them stayed on the music scene to pursue solo careers . Grap Luva released a few limited 12 '' singles in the new millennium and aspired to being his real interest in being a beat boy and producing . He appeared , and produced on various albums and singles from artists such as DJ Spinna , J-Live , Pete Rock , Lone Catalysts , Kev Brown and Marley Marl . Rob-O released many singles through an imprint called St. Nick Entertainment and in 2006 he came out with a debut album called `` Rhyme Pro '' , a mix of the older 12 '' singles with a few new songs sprinkled throughout ." }, { "docid": "Grubbs'_catalyst", "title": "", "text": "Grubbs ' catalysts are a series of transition metal carbene complexes used as catalysts for olefin metathesis . They are named after Robert H. Grubbs , the chemist who first synthesized them . There are two generations of the catalyst , as shown on the right . In contrast to other olefin metathesis catalysts , Grubbs ' catalysts tolerate other functional groups in the alkene , are air-tolerant and are compatible with a wide range of solvents . For these reasons , Grubbs ' catalysts have become popular in synthetic organic chemistry ." }, { "docid": "Catalysis", "title": "", "text": "Catalysis ( -LSB- kəˈtælᵻsᵻs -RSB- ) is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst ( -LSB- ˈkætəlᵻst -RSB- ) , which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly . Often only tiny amounts of catalyst are required in principle . In general , reactions occur faster with a catalyst because they require less activation energy . In catalyzed mechanisms , the catalyst usually reacts to form a temporary intermediate which then regenerates the original catalyst in a cyclic process . Catalysts may be classified as either homogeneous or heterogeneous . A homogeneous catalyst is one whose molecules are dispersed in the same phase ( usually gaseous or liquid ) as the reactant molecules . A heterogeneous catalyst is one whose molecules are not in the same phase as the reactants , which are typically gases or liquids that are adsorbed onto the surface of the solid catalyst . Enzymes and other biocatalysts are often considered as a third category ." }, { "docid": "Ziegler–Natta_catalyst", "title": "", "text": "A Ziegler -- Natta catalyst , named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta , is a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes ( alpha-olefins ) . Two broad classes of Ziegler -- Natta catalysts are employed , distinguished by their solubility : Heterogeneous supported catalysts based on titanium compounds are used in polymerization reactions in combination with cocatalysts , organoaluminum compounds such as triethylaluminium , Al ( C2H5 ) 3 . This class of catalyst dominates the industry . Homogeneous catalysts usually based on complexes of Ti , Zr or Hf . They are usually used in combination with a different organoaluminum cocatalyst , methylaluminoxane ( or methylalumoxane , MAO ) . These catalysts traditionally include metallocenes but also feature multidentate oxygen - and nitrogen-based ligands . Ziegler -- Natta catalysts are used to polymerize terminal 1-alkenes ( ethylene and alkenes with the vinyl double bond ) : n CH2 = CHR → − -LSB- CH2 − CHR -RSB- n − ;" }, { "docid": "Catalyst_Arts", "title": "", "text": "Catalyst Arts a non-profit artist led organisation based in Belfast city centre . Catalyst Arts was formed in 1993 in response to what was seen as a cultural vacuum . In accordance with its constitution it is run by unpaid volunteers , and seeks to adopt a poly-vocal strategy towards the promotion of contemporary art practices by large selection of artists and projects from the widest possible range of disciplines Catalyst has strong links with the University of Ulster . Catalyst Arts has shown works of David Shrigley , Ross Sinclair , Susan Phillipz , Phil Collins , Michelle D Hannah , Roddy Buchanan , Simon Starling , Bill Drummond to name a few , and has turned the gallery into a sauna with Joanna Karolini . Catalyst Arts was envisioned as an agency that would act as a ` catalyst ' cajoling , supporting and promoting culturally engaged artistic endeavours on a local , national and international basis Catalyst Arts was founded on a constitution that provides a structure in which power flows from the roots of its membership to the committee of directors . Catalyst Arts boasts an archive of over 2000 unique documents of Northern Irish art history , which it is currently preparing to make publicly accessible . Catalyst Arts has also organised projects internationally ." }, { "docid": "Music_and_politics", "title": "", "text": "The connection between music and politics , particularly political expression in song , has been seen in many cultures . Although music influences political movements and rituals , it is not clear how or to what extent general audiences relate to music on a political level . Music can express anti-establishment or protest themes , including anti-war songs , but pro-establishment ideas are also represented , for example , in national anthems , patriotic songs , and political campaigns . Many of these types of songs could be described as topical songs . Songs can be used to portray a specific political message . However , there may be barriers to the transmission of such messages ; even overtly political songs are often shaped by and reference their contemporary political context , making an understanding of the history and events that inspired the music necessary in order to fully comprehend the message . The nature of that message can also be ambiguous because the label `` political music '' can be applied either to songs that merely observe political subjects , songs which offer a partisan opinion , or songs which go further and advocate for specific political action . Thus a distinction has been made , for example , between the use of music as a tool for raising awareness , and music as advocacy . Furthermore , some forms of music may be deemed political by cultural association , irrespective of political content , as evidenced by the way Western pop/rock bands such as The Beatles were censored by the State in the Eastern Bloc in the 1960s and 1970s , while being embraced by younger people as symbolic of social change . This points to the possibilities for discrepancy between the political intentions of musicians ( if any ) , and reception of their music by wider society . Conversely , there is the possibility of the meaning of deliberate political content being missed by its intended audience , reasons for which could include obscurity or delivery of message , or audience indifference or antipathy . It is difficult to predict how audiences will respond to political music , in terms of aural or even visual cues . For example , Bleich and Zillmann found that `` counter to expectations , highly rebellious students did not enjoy defiant rock videos more than did their less rebellious peers , nor did they consume more defiant rock music than did their peers '' , suggesting there may be little connection between behaviour and musical taste . Pedelty and Keefe argue that `` It is not clear to what extent the political messages in and around music motivate fans , become a catalyst for discussion , -LSB- or -RSB- function aesthetically '' . However , in contrast they cite research that concludes , based on interpretive readings of lyrics and performances with a strong emphasis on historical contexts and links to social groups , that `` given the right historical circumstances , cultural conditions , and aesthetic qualities , popular music can help bring people together to form effective political communities '' . Recent research has also suggested that in many schools around the world , including in modern democratic nations , music education has sometimes been used for the ideological purpose of instilling patriotism in children , and that particularly during wartime patriotic singing can escalate to inspire destructive jingoism ." }, { "docid": "Catalyst_support", "title": "", "text": "In chemistry , a catalyst support is the material , usually a solid with a high surface area , to which a catalyst is affixed . The activity of heterogeneous catalysts and nanomaterial-based catalysts occurs at the surface atoms . Consequently , great effort is made to maximize the surface area of a catalyst by distributing it over the support . The support may be inert or participate in the catalytic reactions . Typical supports include various kinds of carbon , alumina , and silica ." }, { "docid": "Catalyst_poisoning", "title": "", "text": "Catalyst poisoning refers to the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst caused by exposure to a range of chemical compounds . Poisoning may be desirable when it results in improved selectivity ( e.g. Lindlar 's catalyst ) but may be undesirable when the catalyst is rendered ineffective ( e.g. Lead in catalytic converters ) . Poisoning refers specifically to chemical deactivation , rather than other mechanism of catalyst degradation such as thermal decomposition or physical damage ." }, { "docid": "Zhan_catalyst", "title": "", "text": "The Zhan Catalysts are a series of ruthenium-based organometallic complexes used in olefin metathesis . They are named after the chemist who first synthesized them , Zheng-Yun J. Zhan . These catalysts are ruthenium complexes with functionally substituted alkoxybenzylidene carbene ligands , which can be chemically bonded to the surface of resins , PEG chains , and polymers . Like the structurally similar Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst , they contain an isopropoxystyrene moiety , but include an extra electron-withdrawing sulfonamide group attached to the carbon para to the phenol oxygen . Of the three catalysts , Zhan Catalyst-1B and -1 C both contain a dimethylsulfonamide moiety attached to the aryl ring , while Zhan Catalyst-II is connected to a resin via a sulfonamide linker ." }, { "docid": "Catalyst_(magazine)", "title": "", "text": "Catalyst is a student magazine published at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in Melbourne , Australia . The magazine is produced by the RMIT Student Union . Catalyst is published six times a year and had a readership of approximately 58,000 in 2009 - up from 15,000 in 2004 . The implementation of voluntary student unionism in 2006 had a significant impact on the viability of student newspapers across Australia , compulsory student union membership fees having been the major source of income for most . Today , Catalyst 's funding is drawn jointly from the university and advertising revenue . Catalyst benefits from its proximity to the RMIT School of Media and Communication , which runs a highly regarded journalism program . In turn Catalyst alumni are active in the Australian media . Notable former editors of Catalyst include journalists Dewi Cooke , Dan Harrison ( both now with The Age ) , Patricia Karvelas of The Australian and Elizabeth Gallagher . The first edition of Catalyst , published by what was known then as the RMIT Students ' Representative Council ( later RMIT Student Union ) appeared on 18 May 1944 . Editions have also appeared under the names Revolution Catalyst and The Unaustralian . In 2014 Catalyst established its podcast Cataclysm ( released tri-weekly ) with each episode centring around a theme . Previous podcast themes have included animals , the body and secrets . Each episode of Cataclysm also includes a series of regular segments alongside the themed feature stories . Mid-2015 saw one of Cataclysm 's popular segments ` Politics on the Couch ' spawn a webseries collaboration between Catalyst and RMITV entitled `` Politics at the Belleville '' . The program is hosted by the same talent as the podcast segment and released every Friday afternoon ." }, { "docid": "PROX", "title": "", "text": "PROX is an acronym for PReferential OXidation , and refers to the preferential oxidation of a gas on a catalyst . The catalyst preferentially oxidises carbon monoxide ( CO ) using a heterogeneous catalyst placed upon a ceramic support . Catalysts include metals such as platinum , platinum/iron , platinum/ruthenium , gold nanoparticles as well as novel copper oxide/ceramic conglomerate catalysts ." } ]
84759	Indiana Jones has been portrayed by Corey Carrier.	[ { "docid": "Indiana_Jones", "title": "", "text": "Henry Walton `` Indiana '' Jones Jr. ( also shortened to Indy ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Indiana Jones franchise . George Lucas created the character in homage to the action heroes of 1930s film serials . The character first appeared in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark , to be followed by Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom in 1984 , Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade in 1989 , The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles from 1992 to 1996 , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in 2008 . The character is also featured in novels , comics , video games , and other media . Jones is also featured in the Disney theme park attraction , Indiana Jones Adventure at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea , as well as the Disneyland Paris attraction Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril . Jones is most famously played by Harrison Ford and has also been portrayed by River Phoenix ( as the young Jones in The Last Crusade ) and in the television series The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles by Corey Carrier , Sean Patrick Flanery , and George Hall . Doug Lee has supplied the voice of Jones for two LucasArts video games , Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine , David Esch supplied his voice for Indiana Jones and the Emperor 's Tomb , and John Armstrong for Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings . The character is distinguished by his appearance ( bullwhip , fedora , satchel and leather jacket ) , sense of humor , deep knowledge of many ancient civilizations and languages , and fear of snakes . Since his first appearance in Raiders of the Lost Ark , Indiana Jones has become one of cinema 's most famous characters . In 2003 , the American Film Institute ranked him the second greatest film hero of all time . He was also named the 6th Greatest Movie Character by Empire magazine . Entertainment Weekly ranked Indy 2nd on their list of The All-Time Coolest Heroes in Pop Culture . Premiere magazine also placed Indy at number 7 on their list of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Corey_Carrier", "title": "", "text": "Corey Thomas Carrier ( born August 20 , 1980 ) is an American former child actor , also known as just `` Core '' . He is best known as playing Indiana Jones , aged 8 -- 10 , in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles . Carrier was born in Middleborough , Massachusetts to Thomas and Carleen . He has a younger sister named Bethany . He attended an acting school at The Priscilla Beach Children 's Theatre Workshop . His hobbies include baseball , gymnastics , wrestling , fencing , guitar , ice skating and basketball . He attended Clark University in Worcester , Massachusetts as an undergraduate ." }, { "docid": "The_Young_Indiana_Jones_Chronicles", "title": "", "text": "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles is an American television series that aired on ABC from March 4 , 1992 , to July 24 , 1993 . Filming took place in various locations around the world , with `` Old Indy '' bookend segments filmed in Wilmington , North Carolina and on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington . The series was an Amblin Television/Lucasfilm production in association with Paramount Network Television . The series explores the childhood and youth of the fictional character Indiana Jones and primarily stars Sean Patrick Flanery and Corey Carrier as the title character , with George Hall playing an elderly version of Jones for the bookends of most episodes , though Harrison Ford bookended one episode . The show was created and executively produced by George Lucas , who also created , co-wrote and executively produced the Indiana Jones feature films . Due to its enormous budget , the series was canceled in 1993 . However , following the series ' cancellation , four made-for-television films were produced from 1994 to 1996 in an attempt to continue the series . In 1999 , the series was re-edited into 22 television films under the title The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones ." }, { "docid": "Henry_Jones_Sr.", "title": "", "text": "Professor Henry Walton Jones Sr. is a fictional character in the Indiana Jones franchise . He is the father of Indiana Jones . Henry Jones Sr is professor , speaker , and author . As a professor of medieval studies at Princeton University he as authored many books and has spoken at conferences all over the world . The character was portrayed by Sean Connery in the 1989 film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade . Alex Hyde-White cameoed as the younger Henry in the film 's prologue ( though his face was not seen , and Connery dubbed his voice ) . Lloyd Owen played Henry in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles television series . The character also made appearances in novels and a comic book ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_(franchise)", "title": "", "text": "The Indiana Jones franchise is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry `` Indiana '' Jones , Jr. , a fictional archaeologist . It began in 1981 with the film Raiders of the Lost Ark. . A prequel , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , followed in 1984 , and a sequel , Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade , was released in 1989 . A fourth film , Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , was released in 2008 , and was the last in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures . The series was created by George Lucas ; the films star Harrison Ford and are directed by Steven Spielberg . The Walt Disney Company has owned the Indiana Jones intellectual property since its acquisition of Lucasfilm , the series ' production company , in 2012 . A fifth film is planned for release on July 10 , 2020 , with both Spielberg and Ford returning . The franchise expanded to television in 1992 with the release of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles , a series featuring adventures the character had as a child as he traveled around the world with his father . Marvel Comics began publishing The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones in 1983 , and Dark Horse Comics earned the comic book rights to the character in 1991 . Novelizations of the films have been published , as well as many novels with original adventures , including a series of German novels by Wolfgang Hohlbein , twelve novels set before the films published by Bantam Books , and a series set during the character 's childhood inspired by the television show . Numerous Indiana Jones video games have been released since 1982 ." }, { "docid": "Frisco_Jones_and_Felicia_Cummings", "title": "", "text": "Frisco Jones and Felicia Cummings are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American soap opera General Hospital . Frisco has been portrayed by Jack Wagner on and off from 1984 to 1991 , from 1994 to 1995 , and briefly in 2013 . Felicia has been portrayed by Kristina Wagner on and off from 1984 to 2005 , from 2007 to 2008 , and again since April 27 , 2012 . She was temporarily portrayed by Sandra Ferguson in 2005 ." }, { "docid": "Remy_Boudreau", "title": "", "text": "Remy Boudreau is a fictional character on CBS 's daytime drama Guiding Light . From April 7 , 2006 to September 18 , 2009 , he has been portrayed by Lawrence Saint Victor , but was previously portrayed by Corey Parker Robinson from August 28 , 2001 to April 4 , 2002 and Gavin Alexander Houston from May 14 , 2002 to Summer 2005 ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg , from a story co-written by executive producer George Lucas . It is the third installment in the Indiana Jones franchise . Harrison Ford reprises the title role and Sean Connery plays Indiana 's father , Henry Jones , Sr. . Other cast members featured include Alison Doody , Denholm Elliott , Julian Glover , River Phoenix , and John Rhys-Davies . In the film , set largely in 1938 , Indiana searches for his father , a Holy Grail scholar , who has been kidnapped by Nazis . After the mixed reaction to Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , Spielberg chose to compensate with a film that toned down the violence and gore . During the five years between Temple of Doom and Last Crusade , he and executive producer Lucas reviewed several scripts before accepting Jeffrey Boam 's . Filming locations included Spain , Italy , the United Kingdom , Turkey and Jordan . The film was released in North America on May 24 , 1989 , to mostly positive reviews . It was a financial success , earning $ 474,171,806 at the worldwide box office totals . It won an Academy Award for Best Sound Editing ." }, { "docid": "Corey_Jones", "title": "", "text": "Corey Jones ( born 26 February 1981 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the North Melbourne Kangaroos in the Australian Football League . Jones grew up in the small Victorian town of Wycheproof , near Bendigo ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_Adventure_World", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones Adventure World was a 2011 adventure game for the social network Facebook . It is the first game made by Zynga 's Boston development studio , made up of developers from Conduit Labs and Floodgate Entertainment . Adventure World was originally made independent of Indiana Jones , but after it was announced that Zynga had reached a deal with Lucasfilm to bring Indiana Jones to Adventure World , Indiana Jones appeared in off-screen cameo roles . On November 29 , 2011 , Indiana Jones was added to the game in a chapter dedicated to the character called `` Calendar of the Sun '' . At this time , the title was changed to Indiana Jones Adventure World . Hal Barwood , the co-writer and co-designer of Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis and writer and designer of Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine worked on Indiana Jones Adventure World in the area of narrative design . Game writer Jonathon Myers has provided narrative support in the wake of Hal Barwood 's contribution . Indiana Jones Adventure World was one in a slew of titles shut down by Zynga at the end of 2012 as part of a cost-cutting measure ." }, { "docid": "Shooting_of_Corey_Jones", "title": "", "text": "Corey Jones ( February 3 , 1984October 18 , 2015 ) was an African-American man who was shot by a plainclothes police officer while waiting by his disabled car in Palm Beach Gardens , Florida . On June 1 , 2016 , the officer who shot Jones , Nouman K. Raja , was charged with manslaughter and attempted murder ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_(comics)", "title": "", "text": "The Indiana Jones franchise has produced a large number of comic books . Marvel Comics initially owned the rights before passing them to Dark Horse Comics in 1990 . Marvel published adaptations of the films Raiders of the Lost Ark , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade , while Dark Horse adapted the Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis video game , The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles television series , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull . Marvel also published The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones from 1983 to 1986 , which were the first original adventures featuring the character in comic book literature . From 1992 to 1996 , following the Fate of Atlantis adaptation , Dark Horse published seven limited series . With the franchise 's revival in 2008 due to the release of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , Dark Horse will publish further series , including one aimed at children . Critical reaction to the comics , particularly their interior art , is mixed ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is a 1984 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg . It is the second installment in the Indiana Jones franchise and a prequel to the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark , featuring Harrison Ford reprising his role as the title character . After arriving in North India , Indiana Jones is asked by desperate villagers to find a mystical stone and rescue their children from a Thuggee cult practicing child slavery , black magic and ritual human sacrifice in honor of the goddess Kali . Executive producer and co-writer George Lucas decided to make the film a prequel as he did not want the Nazis to be the villains again . After three rejected plot devices , Lucas wrote a film treatment that resembled the film 's final storyline . Lawrence Kasdan , Lucas 's collaborator on Raiders of the Lost Ark , turned down the offer to write the script , and Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz were hired as his replacements , with the screenplay partly based upon the 1939 film Gunga Din . The film was released to financial success but mixed reviews , which criticized its violence , later contributing to the creation of the PG-13 rating . However , critical opinion has improved since 1984 , citing the film 's intensity and imagination . Some of the film 's cast and crew , including Spielberg , retrospectively view the film in a negative light , partly due to the film being the darkest and most overtly violent Indiana Jones film . The film has also been the subject of controversy due to its portrayal of India and Hinduism ." }, { "docid": "Lego_Indiana_Jones:_The_Original_Adventures", "title": "", "text": "Lego Indiana Jones : The Original Adventures is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller 's Tales and published by LucasArts . The game allows players to recreate moments ( albeit more humorously ) from the first three Indiana Jones films : Raiders of the Lost Ark ( 1981 ) , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( 1984 ) , and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade ( 1989 ) . It features the same drop in/out co-operative play mode as seen in the Lego Star Wars video games , although it is restricted to local console play . The game was released on 3 June 2008 in the United States and Canada , and 6 June 2008 in Europe . A downloadable demo for Windows was made available on 13 May 2008 . This game is based on the Lego Indiana Jones toy line . The Mac OS X version of the game was released on 4 December 2008 by Feral Interactive . As introduced in Lego Star Wars : The Complete Saga , new moves include clinging onto branches during a jump using Indy 's whip . As a promotion , Lego Star Wars : The Complete Saga features Indiana Jones as an unlockable playable character . The game often follows the events in the films , however like the Lego Star Wars series , some scenes from the film have been altered to become more family friendly or just provide comic relief to the player ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Infernal_Machine", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine is a multi-platform action-adventure video game by LucasArts released in late 1999 . The first 3D installment in the series , its gameplay focuses on solving puzzles , fighting enemies , and various platforming sections . The story told is set between the events of Indiana Jones and the Iron Phoenix and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , and puts the eponymous protagonist , the adventurer Indiana Jones , against the Soviet Union . In a race for a mythological Babylonian power source , he joins forces with the Central Intelligence Agency and collects four pieces of the Infernal Machine , an ancient device that allegedly opens a portal to another dimension . The title was designed , written , and directed by Hal Barwood who considered the Indiana Jones franchise a perfect fit for the action-adventure genre . Initially developed for the Windows 95 and 98 operating systems , the game later received an enhanced Nintendo 64 port jointly developed with Factor 5 , as well as a 2D version for the Game Boy Color created by HotGen . Infernal Machine received generally favorable reviews , having been praised for its detailed storyline and sophisticated level designs , though widely criticized for its unwieldy control scheme ." }, { "docid": "Loretta_Jones", "title": "", "text": "Loretta Jones is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera , Hollyoaks , and its spin-off series , Hollyoaks Later . The character is played by Melissa Walton and first appeared on-screen on 26 November 2008 during the first series of the Hollyoaks spin-off Hollyoaks Later as a new love interest for the character Dominic Reilly ( John Pickard ) . She made her first appearance in the Hollyoaks series in February 2009 and was the first character to be introduced to the series by producer Lucy Allan . In 2010 Loretta was axed from the series , along with 15 other characters , during a cast cull by executive producer Paul Marquess . The character development has Loretta having worked as a pole dancer and Walton put extensive research into the role , including visiting strip clubs . Despite this occupation Loretta has been portrayed out of conjunction with the blonde stereotype . She has been involved in storylines which include facing prejudice , body scarring issues and stalking fellow characters . The character is most noted for the series intending to portray her as a child murderer trying to piece her life back together . The plot was subsequently axed having caused a great amount of controversy among the British public after newspapers alleged that the storyline was copying a real-life case . Loretta has been positively received by the media for her appearance and has been dubbed a `` blond bombshell '' . Before Loretta 's departure from the series Marquess made changes to the characters persona : portraying her as a stalker being obsessive , calculating and pretending to have leukaemia . In her final storyline it was revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child and admitted herself to a psychiatric hospital ." }, { "docid": "Joker_in_other_media", "title": "", "text": "The Joker , the archenemy of the comic book superhero Batman , has appeared in various forms of media . WorldCat ( a catalog of libraries in 170 countries ) records over 250 productions featuring the Joker as a subject , including films , television series , books , and video games . Live-action films featuring the character are typically the most successful . The Joker has been portrayed by Cesar Romero in the Batman television series , Jack Nicholson in the 1989 film Batman , Heath Ledger in the 2008 film The Dark Knight , Jared Leto in the 2016 film Suicide Squad , and a loose adaptation of the character is portrayed by Cameron Monaghan in the Batman-prequel series Gotham . Over the years , he has been voiced by various actors in animated , motion comic and video game form , including Larry Storch , Lennie Weinrib , Frank Welker , Mark Hamill , Allen Enlow , Kevin Michael Richardson , Jeff Bennett , Richard Epcar , Michael Dobson , Brent Spiner , John DiMaggio , John Kassir , Steven Blum , Christopher Corey Smith , Michael Emerson , Troy Baker , Lloyd Floyd , Jason Spisak , Jeff Bergman , Anthony Ingruber , and Zach Galifianakis ." }, { "docid": "Stan_Jones_(Indiana_politician)", "title": "", "text": "Stanley Gordon `` Stan '' Jones ( November 22 , 1949 -- February 6 , 2017 ) was an American educator and politician . Born in Cincinnati , Ohio , Jones moved to West Lafayette , Indiana in 1967 . In 1974 , Jones received his bachelor 's degree from Purdue University . From 1975 to 1990 , Jones served in the Indiana House of Representatives and was a Democrat . Then Stan served as senior advisor to Governor of Indiana Evan Bayh , a post he would hold for more than five years , before being appointed as Indiana 's 5th Higher Education Commissioner in 1995 . During his more than 12 year tenure , he is credited as the primary architect of several landmark education policy initiatives , including the 21st Century Scholars program , an early promise scholarship aimed at increasing the number of low-income students attending and completing a postsecondary education . He was instrumental in the creation of the state 's community college system ( Ivy Tech ) ; Indiana 's Education Roundtable ; the deployment of outcomes-based funding ; and the implementation of Core 40 , a college prep curriculum that has contributed to significant increases in high school seniors going to college . In 2009 , Jones founded the national nonprofit Complete College America and was President for 8 years , getting 42 states on-board . Jones died at his home in Indianapolis , Indiana ." }, { "docid": "Corey_Vidal", "title": "", "text": "Corey Vidal ( born December 7 , 1986 ) is a Canadian online video content producer and digital media consultant . His YouTube videos have been seen over 71 million times and he has over 200 videos as of July 2013 . His YouTube channel profile has been viewed over 9 million times . In December 2007 , Corey was one of the first Canadians to join the YouTube Partnership Program . Corey has over 225,000 subscribers . In February 2013 he was named Niagara 's Entrepreneur of the Year in Innovative Small Business for his video production company ApprenticeA Productions ." }, { "docid": "Corey_Erdman", "title": "", "text": "Corey Erdman ( born February 9 , 1988 in Kitchener , Ontario ) is a Canadian television host , producer and sportswriter . Corey Erdman is the on-air boxing analyst for the weekly Fight News Now program on The Fight Network http://fightnetwork.com/ , breaking down the week 's most important bouts . He also is a freelance commentator for Integrated Sports PPV , WealthTV , Fight NOW TV , Rogers Sportsnet , Super Channel , and The Boxing Channel . Erdman has covered fights ringside in Toronto , Montreal , New Jersey and other locations as both a color commentator and a blow-by-blow man . In 2012 he shared webcast duties with hall of fame announcer Al Bernstein on boxingtv.com . Erdman began his career with The Hockey News http://www.thehockeynews.com/ then as the producer and co-host for The Hardcore Fantasy Show on the SIRIUS Satellite Radio channel Hardcore Sports Radio . He moved on to a successful term as producer and on-air contributor for the Morning Jones program on the same Sirius Radio Network . Corey Erdman is a writer for RingTV.com , providing weekly features on newsworthy boxers , as well as providing coverage of the Canadian boxing scene . Also the host of RingTV Radio , a weekly hour-long podcast , and a contributor to Ring Magazine . In the past , Erdman has penned articles for The Hockey News , The Springfield Republican and is credited in the 2008-09 NHL edition of The Sports Forecaster , The Canadian Press , Sports & Leisure Magazine , Hockey Business News , Fort Wayne Post-Gazette , Baltimore Sun , Springfield Republican , Sudbury Star , Binghamton Press & Sun Bulletin , Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader , Houston Chronicle , New Haven Register and the Rochester Post-Bulletin . He is also the great nephew of the late bestselling author and radio commentator Paul Erdman . Erdman was affectionately nicknamed `` Lunch Money '' by Bomani Jones ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 film directed by Steven Spielberg . Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade may also refer to : Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack to the 1989 film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade ( 1991 video game ) , a video game for the NES based on the film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade : The Action Game Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade : The Graphic Adventure" }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is a 1984 action-adventure film featuring the character Indiana Jones . Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom may also refer to : Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( soundtrack ) , the film 's soundtrack Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( 1985 video game ) , an arcade game based on the film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( 1988 video game ) , a video game based on the film for the Nintendo Entertainment System" }, { "docid": "Corey–Itsuno_reduction", "title": "", "text": "The Corey -- Itsuno reduction , also known as the Corey -- Bakshi -- Shibata ( CBS ) reduction , is a chemical reaction in which an achiral ketone is enantioselectively reduced to produce the corresponding chiral , non-racemic alcohol . The oxazaborolidine reagent which mediates the enantioselective reduction of ketones was previously developed by the laboratory of Itsuno and thus this transformation may more properly be called the Itsuno-Corey oxazaborolidine reduction . In 1981 , Itsuno and coworkers first reported the use of chiral alkoxy-amine-borane complexes in reducing achiral ketones to chiral alcohols enantioselectively and in high yield . Several years later in 1987 , E. J. Corey and coworkers developed the reaction between chiral amino alcohols and borane ( BH3 ) , generating oxazaborolidine products which were shown to rapidly catalyze the enantioselective reduction of achiral ketones in the presence of BH3 • THF . The CBS Reduction has since been utilized by organic chemists as a reliable method for the asymmetric reduction of achiral ketones . Notably , it has found prominent use not only in a number of natural product syntheses , but has been utilized on large scale in industry ( See Scope Below ) . Several reviews have been published ." }, { "docid": "Corey_Jackson", "title": "", "text": "Corey Jackson ( born November 6 , 1978 ) is a former American football player who was a defensive lineman in the National Football League ( NFL ) from 2003 to 2007 . During his time in the NFL , Corey played for the Cleveland Browns and the Denver Broncos . Corey officially retired from the NFL in 2008 . Currently , Corey is a Professional Speaker and Peak Performance Practitioner . Corey 's career as a Professional Speaker has afforded him the opportunity to share his story of how he went from working at Walmart to becoming an NFL athlete with several television networks , including FOX , and his story has been featured in many articles and publications ." }, { "docid": "Corey_and_Trina", "title": "", "text": "Corey and Trina ( Fulford ) Crewe were musicians from Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . They were known for performing comedy and music throughout all regions of Newfoundland and Labrador beginning in the early 1970s . They are probably best known for their song `` The Northern Lights of Labrador '' . They had been very popular performers for several decades beginning in the 1970s . Corey and Trina landed in the top 20 of The Downhome Music Poll of favorite Newfoundland Songs and Musicians of All Time . Corey Crewe has released the duo 's entire music catalogue plus two compilations on CS as he wishes to keep Trina 's music alive . A DVD of various live appearances of Corey and Trina has been released as a tribute to Trina Crewe . Trina Crewe died of cancer on 5 July 2007 in Calgary , Alberta ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones is the title character of a film and media franchise , an archaeologist played by Harrison Ford . Indiana Jones may also refer to : Indiana Jones ( franchise ) , the entertainment franchise based around the character Indiana Jones ( comics ) , comics featuring the character Indiana Jones ( pinball ) , a 1993 pinball machine featuring the character" }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Dance_of_the_Giants", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones and the Dance of the Giants is the second of 12 Indiana Jones novels published by Bantam Books . Rob MacGregor , the author of this book , also wrote five of the other Indiana Jones books for Bantam . Published on May 1 , 1991 , it is preceded by Indiana Jones and the Peril at Delphi and followed by Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Philosopher's_Stone", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones and the Philosopher 's Stone is the ninth of 12 Indiana Jones novels published by Bantam Books . Max McCoy , the author of this book , also wrote three of the other Indiana Jones books for Bantam . Published on April 1 , 1995 , it is preceded by Indiana Jones and the White Witch and followed by Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs ." }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Seven_Veils", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils is the third of 12 Indiana Jones novels published by Bantam Books . Rob MacGregor , the author of this book , also wrote five of the other Indiana Jones books for Bantam . Published on November 1 , 1991 , it is preceded by Indiana Jones and the Dance of the Giants and followed by Indiana Jones and the Genesis Deluge ." }, { "docid": "Carrier_(surname)", "title": "", "text": "Carrier is a surname , and may refer to : Corey Carrier ( born 1980 ) , American child actor Darel Carrier ( born 1940 ) , American professional basketball player George F. Carrier ( 1918-2002 ) , American mathematician and Professor Emeritus at Harvard University Jean-Baptiste Carrier ( 1756-1794 ) , French Revolutionary Albert-Ernest Carrier de Belleuse ( 1824-1887 ) , French sculptor Louis-Robert Carrier-Belleuse ( 1848 -- 1913 ) , French painter and sculptor Mark Carrier ( wide receiver ) ( born 1965 ) , American football player Mark Carrier ( safety ) ( born 1968 ) , American football player Richard Carrier ( born 1969 ) , American author Robert Carrier ( chef ) ( 1923 -- 2006 ) , American chef , restaurateur and cookery writer Robert Carrier ( politician ) ( born 1941 ) , Canadian politician Roch Carrier ( born 1937 ) , Canadian novelist and author Scott Carrier ( born 1957 ) , American author and radio producer Willis Carrier ( 1876-1950 ) , American inventor of air-conditioning Jerry Carrier ( born 1948 ) , American author" }, { "docid": "Indiana_Jones_and_the_Staff_of_Kings", "title": "", "text": "Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings is a historical fantasy video game published by LucasArts for the Wii , Nintendo DS , PlayStation 2 , and PlayStation Portable . The game is the third in the series of original 3D Indiana Jones games , preceded by Indiana Jones and the Emperor 's Tomb , and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine . The Wii version also includes Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis video game as an unlockable ." } ]
5573	Umbrella is a single.	[ { "docid": "Umbrella_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Umbrella '' is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her third studio album Good Girl Gone Bad ( 2007 ) . It features American rapper Jay Z , who co-wrote the song with its producers Tricky Stewart and Kuk Harrell , with additional writing from The-Dream . The song was originally written with Britney Spears in mind , but her label rejected it . `` Umbrella '' is a pop and R&B song with hip-hop and rock touches referring to a romantic and platonic relationship and the strength of that relationship . Entertainment Weekly ranked the song number one on the 10 Best Singles of 2007 , while Rolling Stone and Time listed the song at number three on the 100 Best Songs of 2007 . The song has earned Rihanna several awards and nominations . In 2007 , the song won two awards at the MTV Video Music Awards , when it was nominated for four . At the 2008 Grammy Awards , `` Umbrella '' also earned Rihanna and Jay Z a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in addition to receiving nominations for Record of the Year and Song of the Year . The song is also listed on Rolling Stones The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time at 412 . The song serves as the lead single to the album , and was released worldwide on March 29 , 2007 through Def Jam Recordings . `` Umbrella '' was a commercial success , topping the charts in Australia , Canada , Germany , Spain , the Republic of Ireland , Sweden , Switzerland , the United Kingdom , and the United States . In the United Kingdom , where the song 's chart performance generated controversy when the country was experiencing excessive flooding and large amounts of rain at the time , it was one of the most played songs on radio in the 2000s ( decade ) . It managed to stay at number one on the UK Singles Chart for 10 consecutive weeks , the longest run at number one for any single of that decade , and is also one of the few songs to top the chart for at least 10 weeks . The single was one of the highest digital debuts in the United States and remained at the top of the US Billboard Hot 100 for seven consecutive weeks . The single 's accompanying music video was directed by Chris Applebaum and features , among all , Rihanna 's nude body covered in silver paint . The video earned Rihanna a Video of the Year at the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards and Most Watched Video on MuchMusic.com at MuchMusic Video Awards . Along with countless amateurs , `` Umbrella '' has been covered by several notable performers from a variety of musical genres , including All Time Low , the Baseballs , Biffy Clyro , Manic Street Preachers , McFly , Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park , OneRepublic , Taylor Swift , and Vanilla Sky . Rihanna performed the song at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards , 2008 BRIT Awards and was the closing song of the `` Good Girl Gone Bad Tour '' ( 2008 ) , the `` Last Girl on Earth '' ( 2010 ) , and the `` Loud Tour '' ( 2011 ) . It was included in the `` Diamonds World Tour '' ( 2013 ) , and the `` Anti World Tour '' ( 2016 ) ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Umbrella_brand", "title": "", "text": "Umbrella branding ( also known as family branding ) is a marketing practice involving the use of a single brand name for the sale of two or more related products . Umbrella branding is mainly used by companies with a positive brand equity ( value of a brand in a certain marketplace ) . All products use the same means of identification and lack additional brand names or symbols . This marketing practice differs from brand extension in that umbrella branding involves the marketing of similar products , rather than differentiated products , under one brand name . Hence , umbrella branding may be considered as a type of brand extension . The practice of umbrella branding does not disallow a firm to implement different branding approaches for different product lines ( e.g. brand extension ) ." }, { "docid": "Red_Umbrella", "title": "", "text": "`` Red Umbrella '' is a song recorded by American country music singer Faith Hill . It was released in September 2007 as the second single from her compilation album The Hits . Hill debuted the song on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in early September . It was her twenty-ninth single release to country radio , and in late 2007 , the song reached a peak of number 28 on the Billboard country charts . It was by Brad Warren , Brett Warren , Aimee Mayo and Chris Lindsey . Red is a color of beauty and an umbrella is the resistance to sky 's and humans ' attacks . It symbolizes protection from the abuse sex workers are subjected by the police , pimps , customers , and an ignorant and biased society ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_Beach", "title": "", "text": "`` Umbrella Beach '' is a song by American electronica act Owl City . The song was released as the third single from his second album Ocean Eyes . It is the second UK single from the album ( as it was decided not to release `` Vanilla Twilight '' in Europe ) and had a May 16 , 2010 , release date in the US , and was released May 17 , 2010 , in the UK . The album cover is a picture of the beach at Santa Monica , California , taken from the Santa Monica Pier ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_term", "title": "", "text": "An umbrella term is a word or phrase that covers a broad interval or set of functions or items that all fall under a single common category . For example , cryptology is an umbrella term that encompasses cryptography and cryptanalysis , among other fields . Similarly , an umbrella organization is a central and coordinating body representing a number of smaller , separate bodies . A blanket term is a closely related word or phrase that is used to describe multiple groups of related things . The degree of relation may vary or have a minimal relationship , but blanket terms often trade specificity for ease of use . In other words , a blanket term , by itself , gives little detail about the things that it describes or the relationships between them , but it is easy to say and remember . Blanket terms may originate as slang but eventually become integrated into the general vocabulary ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Billboard_Hot_100_number-one_singles_of_2007", "title": "", "text": "The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_Mistress", "title": "", "text": "Umbrella Mistress is the thirty-first studio album by Omar Rodríguez-López as a solo artist , released on 9 September 2016 . It is his fifth release in the 12 album series initiated by Ipecac Recordings . `` Tell Me What I Did Wrong '' was uploaded in advance as the album 's single ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_antenna", "title": "", "text": "An umbrella antenna is a top-loaded electrically lengthened monopole antenna , consisting in most cases of a mast fed at the ground end , to which a number of radial wires are connected at the top , sloping downwards . The outer end of each wire is connected by an insulator to a supporting rope or cable anchored to the ground . The radial wires can also function as guy wires to support the mast . The radial wires make the antenna look like a giant umbrella without the cloth , accounting for the name . They are used as transmitting antennas below 1 MHz , in the LF and particularly the VLF bands , at frequencies sufficiently low that it is impractical to build a full size quarter-wave monopole antenna . Either the central mast itself , insulated from the ground , is connected to the transmitter and serves as the radiating element , or vertical wires parallel to the mast . At the low frequencies used the height of the mast is typically 1/10 to 1/40 of a wavelength , so it makes a very electrically short antenna , and by itself would have very low radiation resistance and be a very inefficient radiator . The function of the umbrella-wires is to add capacitance to the top of the antenna , improving the current distribution on the vertical mast radiator to increase the radiation resistance and radiated power . The umbrella wires serve as the plate of a capacitor , with the ground serving as the other plate , which is charged and discharged by the radio frequency current from the tramsmitter . Umbrella antennas with heights of 15 to 460 metres are in service . The tallest umbrella antennas are actually used by Lualualei VLF transmitter , INS Kattabomman and the CHAYKA-transmitters at Inta and Dudinka . Umbrella antennas radiate vertically polarised ground waves in an omnidirectional radiation pattern . Because they are short compared to a wavelength of the radio waves , they have low radiation resistance and are usually inefficient , radiating only a fraction of the power supplied by the transmitter . Umbrella antennas can be built as single mast antennas or as multiple mast antennas . In first case the wires connected to the top of the antenna mast are fixed at the ground , while in latter case they are fixed at masts arranged around on a circle of the central mast , which are usually smaller than the central mast and often grounded . Umbrella antennas are in common use for commercial medium-wave AM broadcasting as well as for LF and VLF transmitters for broadcasting and navigational aids . They were used at most OMEGA Navigation System transmitters , operating around 10 kHz , and at LORAN-C stations , operating at 100 kHz with central masts approximately 200 metres tall . Eight umbrella antennas 350 metres high are in use in an array at the German VLF communications facility , operating at about 20 kHz with high radiation efficiency even though they are less than 1/40 wavelength high . Umbrella antennas were invented during the wireless telegraphy era , about 1900 to 1920 , and used with spark-gap transmitters on longwave bands to transmit information by Morse code . Small umbrella antennas were widely used with portable transmitters by military signal corps during World War I , since there was no possibility of setting up full-sized quarter-wave antennas . It is also possible to build an umbrella antenna with a grounded tower . Such an antenna requires a separate feeder to the umbrella wires , which are also insulated against the mast and the ground ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_fund", "title": "", "text": "An umbrella fund is a collective investment scheme that exists as a single legal entity but has several distinct sub-funds which , in effect , are traded as individual investment funds . This type of arrangement originated in the European investment management industry , most notably with the SICAV ( an open-ended collective investment ) . The SICAV model was copied for the UK Open-ended investment company ( OEIC ) and offshore fund models ." }, { "docid": "German_Evangelical_Church", "title": "", "text": "The German Evangelical Church ( Deutsche Evangelische Kirche ) , also known in English as the Protestant Reich Church and colloquially as the Reich Church ( Reichskirche ) , was a unified state church of some German Protestant regional churches that espoused a single doctrine compatible with National Socialism . Since many regional churches declined to join this arrangement , these churches stayed neutral or followed the Protestant opposition to Nazism that established an alternative umbrella organization of their own that became known as the Confessing Church . After World War II , both of these bodies were replaced by a new umbrella organization that persists to this day ." }, { "docid": "Kasumi_(song)", "title": "", "text": "is a single released by Dir en grey on April 23 , 2003 . It features a live recording of `` umbrella '' , the same which also appears on the Rettou Gekishin Angya video . This single is the last Dir en grey release to feature individual credits for the music ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella", "title": "", "text": "An umbrella or parasol is a folding canopy supported by wooden or metal ribs , which is usually mounted on a wooden , metal , or plastic pole . It is designed to protect a person against rain or sunlight . The word `` umbrella '' typically refers to a device used for protection from rain . The word parasol usually refers to an item designed to protect from the sun . Often the difference is the material used for the canopy ; some parasols are not waterproof . Umbrella canopies may be made of fabric or flexible plastic . Umbrellas and parasols are primarily hand-held portable devices sized for personal use . The largest hand-portable umbrellas are golf umbrellas . Umbrellas can be divided into two categories : fully collapsible umbrellas , in which the metal pole supporting the canopy retracts , making the umbrella small enough to fit in a handbag ; and non-collapsible umbrellas , in which the support pole can not retract and only the canopy can be collapsed . Another distinction can be made between manually operated umbrellas and spring-loaded automatic umbrellas which spring open at the press of a button . Hand-held umbrellas have some type of handle , either a wooden or plastic cylinder or a bent `` crook '' handle ( like the handle of a cane ) . Umbrellas are available in a range of price and quality points , ranging from inexpensive , modest quality models sold at discount stores to expensive , finely made , designer-labeled models . Larger parasols capable of blocking the sun for several people are often used as fixed or semi-fixed devices , used with patio tables or other outdoor furniture , or as points of shade on a sunny beach . The collapsible/folding umbrella , the direct predecessor to the modern umbrella , originated in China . These Chinese umbrellas were internally supported with bendable , retractable , and extendable joints as well as sliding levers similar to those in use today . Parasols are sometimes called sunshades . An umbrella may also be called a brolly ( UK slang ) , parapluie ( nineteenth century , French origin ) , rainshade , gamp ( British , informal , dated ) , or bumbershoot ( American slang ) ." }, { "docid": "Oil-paper_umbrella", "title": "", "text": "Oil-paper umbrella ( , , -LSB- i̯ǒu̯ʈʂɨ̀sàn -RSB- ) is a type of paper umbrella that originated from China . It subsequently spread across Asia , to Japan , Korea , Vietnam , Malaysia , Burma , India , Sri Lanka , Thailand and Laos . People in these countries have further developed the oil paper umbrella with different characteristics . As the Hakka moved to Taiwan , the oil-paper umbrella also began to develop in Taiwan . Other than the purpose of providing shade , oil-paper umbrellas are also traditional essential wedding items . In both traditional Chinese and Japanese weddings , the matron of honor would cover the bride with the oil-paper umbrella upon arrival to ward off evil spirits . Purple umbrellas are a symbol of longevity for the elders , while white umbrellas are used in funerals . Oil-paper umbrellas are also used as props in Japanese traditional dances and tea ceremonies . In the early Hakka society , two umbrellas were usually given as dowry , due to the `` paper '' and `` child '' homonym in the language , symbolizing a blessing for the woman to `` give birth to a son soon '' , a propitiatory compliment to the newlyweds at the time . Also , as the character `` umbrella '' contains `` four people '' , gifting the umbrellas represents a blessing for the couple to have many sons and grandsons . In addition , because of the `` oil '' and `` have '' homonym , and that the umbrellas open into a round shape , they symbolize a happy , complete life . It was also customary to give an umbrella to a 16-year-old young man at his rite of passage . In religious celebrations , oil-paper umbrellas are often seen on the sacred sedan chairs as cover , used to shelter people from rain and sunlight , also to drive the evil spirits away . Today , oil-paper umbrellas are mostly sold as works of art or souvenirs ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_effect", "title": "", "text": "Umbrella effect may refer to : Umbrella effect ( ecology ) . in which the presence of an umbrella species protects other species in the same habitat Umbrella effect ( economics ) . in which a dominant company or cartel creates an `` umbrella '' of high prices over the rest of the market Umbrella effect ( everyday life ) . in which the act of bringing an umbrella and raincoat , or otherwise preparing thoroughly for inclement weather , appears to prevent the predicted rainfall from occurring Umbrella effect ( upper management ) . in which upper management seems to cast a shadow over their employee 's , using them to conduct `` shady '' business ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_stand", "title": "", "text": "An umbrella stand is a storage cabinet for umbrellas and walking sticks . Usually to be found in the hall at the entrance of a home or at the entry point of a building . In the most complex shape they are complemented with a hanger , a mirror and the umbrella container itself ( see photo ) . At home the umbrella stand is used to hold umbrellas when not in use . In offices , the use is limited to rainy days when employees and visitors need to carry an umbrella : By folding and inserting the closed umbrellas upon entering the building and collecting them again when leaving the building . The action in this case is to prevent entering the wet umbrella in the building wetting the floor all over ." }, { "docid": "Managed_private_cloud", "title": "", "text": "Managed Private Cloud refers to a principle in software architecture where a single instance of the software runs on a server , serving a single client organization ( tenant ) , and managed by a third-party . This is in contrast to multitenancy where multiple client organizations are on a single server , or an on-premises deployment where the client organization hosts their own instance . Managed Private Clouds also fall under the larger umbrella of cloud computing ." }, { "docid": "Your_Love_(Marié_Digby_album)", "title": "", "text": "Your Love is Marié Digby 's fourth album and first for new record label Star Records/MCA Music . It also includes the previously released singles `` Say It Again '' and `` Umbrella '' . Two official music videos have been released for the single `` Your Love '' in solo and duet versions ." }, { "docid": "Cocktail_umbrella", "title": "", "text": "A cocktail umbrella is a small umbrella or parasol made from paper , paperboard , and a toothpick , used as a garnish or decoration in cocktails , desserts or other food and beverages . The umbrella is fashioned out of paper , which can be patterned , with cardboard ribs . The ribs are made from cardboard in order to provide flexibility and to hinge so the umbrella can be pulled shut much like an ordinary umbrella . A small plastic retaining ring is often fashioned against the stem , a toothpick , in order to prevent the umbrella from folding up spontaneously . A sleeve of folded newspaper under the collar may act as a spacer , sometimes from Chinese , Indian , or Japanese to hint at the umbrella 's origin . The cocktail umbrella is believed to have arrived on the bar scene as early as 1932 , courtesy of Victor Bergeron 's Polynesian-themed restaurant Trader Vic 's in San Francisco . According to his son , Victor J. Bergeron III , the elder Bergeron borrowed the idea for umbrellas in drinks from the now defunct Don the Beachcomber restaurants . He believes that they had been available in Chinese restaurants prior to that . Newspaper column The Straight Dope visited the topic in 2000 and did not find any evidence that putting umbrellas in drinks was a Polynesian innovation . The column suggested but did not confirm that the umbrellas were a Chinese-American invention ." }, { "docid": "The_Umbrellas", "title": "", "text": "The Umbrellas can refer to several things involving umbrellas : The Umbrellas of Cherbourg ( Les Parapluies de Cherbourg ) , a 1964 musical film The Umbrellas ( Renoir painting ) ( Les Parapluies ) , an 1883 painting by Pierre-Auguste Renoir Umbrellas ( band ) , and American indie band Art installations by Christo and Jeanne-Claude" }, { "docid": "Content-oriented_workflow_models", "title": "", "text": "The goal of content-oriented workflow models is to articulate workflow progression by the presence of content units ( like data-records/objects/documents ) . Most content-oriented workflow approaches provide a life-cycle model for content units , such that workflow progression can be qualified by conditions on the state of the units . Most approaches are research and work in progress and the content models and life-cycle models are more or less formalized . The term content-oriented workflows is an umbrella term for several scientific workflow approaches , namely `` data-driven '' , `` resource-driven '' , `` artifact-centric '' , `` object-aware '' , and `` document-oriented '' . Thus , the meaning of `` content '' ranges from simple data attributes to self-contained documents ; the term `` content-oriented workflows '' appeared at first in as an umbrella term . Such general term , independent from a specific approach , is necessary to contrast the content-oriented modelling principle with traditional activity-oriented workflow models ( like Petri nets or BPMN ) where a workflow is driven by a control flow and where the content production perspective is neglected or even missing . The term `` content '' was chosen to subsume the different levels in granularity of the content units in the respective workflow models ; it was also chosen to make associations with content management . Both terms `` artifact-centric '' and `` data-driven '' would also be good candidates for an umbrella term , but each is closely related to a specific approach of a single working group . The `` artifact-centric '' group itself ( i.e. IBM Research ) has generalized the characteristics of their approach and has used `` information-centric '' as an umbrella term in . Yet , the term information is too unspecific in the context of computer science , thus , `` content-orientated workflows '' is considered as good compromise ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_Man", "title": "", "text": "Umbrella Man may refer to : Umbrella man ( assassination of John F. Kennedy ) , Louie Steven Witt , a witness to the JFK assassination who was seen carrying an umbrella Neville Chamberlain , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940 , nicknamed `` Umbrella Man '' because he often carried an umbrella in public and was invariably depicted with it in cartoons - sometimes even drawn as an umbrella Antonio Luis Hernandez , a Puerto Rican gang member in New York City who was a cohort of Salvador Agron , the Capeman Robert W. Patten , an eccentric figure in Seattle 's history and the cartoon figure modeled after him The widely reposted image of an unnamed protestor , who during the 2014 Hong Kong protests , used two umbrellas to protect himself from tear gas" }, { "docid": "Royal_Nine-Tiered_Umbrella", "title": "", "text": "The Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella or Nopphapadon Mahasawettachat ( Thai : นพปฎลมหาเศวตฉัตร ) is part of the regalia of the King of Thailand . Currently there are seven , distributed above various thrones , in the Grand Palace in Bangkok . In ancient times the umbrella was seen as the most important symbols of kingship , the umbrellas are called Chatra . An umbrella is usually present over the king 's throne , bed , and funeral urn . During the reign of King Mongkut ( or Rama IV ) the king replaced the umbrella made of leaves to one made of white silk . The multi-tiered umbrella represented the many levels of heaven in accordance with Buddhist and Hindu beliefs . In ancient times kings had a six-tiered umbrella reflecting the six levels of heaven . Later the umbrella was changed to nine tiers ; this represented the eight points of the compass , symbolising the king as the conqueror of eight directions , with the final ninth tier representing the burden the king faces as a monarch . The seven royal nine-tiered umbrellas are in the following places : Chakri Mahaprasat Hall Dusit Mahaprasat Hall Amarin Winichai Hall Paisan Thaksin Hall Chakrapad Phiman Hall , all in the Grand Palace . Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall , within the vicinity of Dusit Palace ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_Cover_Museum", "title": "", "text": "The Umbrella Cover Museum in Peaks Island , Maine is a museum that pays tribute to umbrella covers . The museum was created and is curated by Nancy 3 . Hoffman , who has collected more than 1300 umbrella covers from over 60 countries as of July 2015 . The mission of the Umbrella Cover Museums states that it is `` dedicated to the appreciation of the mundane in everyday life . It is about finding wonder and beauty in the simplest of things , and about knowing that there is always a story behind the cover . '' The idea for the museum came when Hoffman was cleaning out a closet and came across seven umbrella covers . The museum began in Hoffman 's kitchen and was moved to a larger location as the collection grew . The museum 's collection ranges in size from a two-and-a-half-inch Barbie doll cover to a six-foot patio umbrella sleeve . It has hosted special exhibitions including `` People and Their Covers '' and `` New Umbrella Cover Fashions . '' On 7 July 2012 , Guinness World Records named Hoffman 's umbrella cover collection of 730 at the time to be the largest in the world . The museum is closed during the winter . Guided tours include Hoffman , who is also a musician , singing `` Let a Smile Be Your Umbrella '' while playing an accordion ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_tree", "title": "", "text": "Umbrella tree can refer to several items : Under the Umbrella Tree , a 1986 children 's television program Maesopsis eminii Melia azedarach Magnolia tripetala , the umbrella magnolia Musanga cecropioides , the African corkwood Polyscias murrayi , an Australian rainforest tree Schefflera actinophylla , the umbrella tree or octopus tree Schefflera arboricola , the dwarf umbrella tree Terminalia catappa , the Indian almond" }, { "docid": "St._Peter's_Umbrella", "title": "", "text": "St. Peter 's Umbrella ( Hungarian : Szent Péter esernyöje ) may refer to : St. Peter 's Umbrella ( novel ) , an 1895 novel by the Hungarian writer Kálmán Mikszáth St. Peter 's Umbrella ( 1917 film ) , a silent Hungarian film directed by Alexander Korda St. Peter 's Umbrella ( 1935 film ) , a Hungarian film directed by Géza von Cziffra St. Peter 's Umbrella ( 1958 film ) , a Czech-Hungarian film directed by Frigyes Bán and Vladislav Pavlovic" }, { "docid": "Fire_umbrella", "title": "", "text": "A fire umbrella is a fire dancing tool . It is made from an umbrella with the rainproof cover removed . Kevlar wicks are attached to the ends of the umbrella , soaked in a fuel , and then lit on fire . The dancer can manipulate the fire umbrella around her or his body , usually twirling it to give the illusion of a spinning ring of fire ." }, { "docid": "Umbrella_plant", "title": "", "text": "The common name umbrella plant can refer to several unrelated species : Cyperus alternifolius ( umbrella papyrus ) Darmera peltata ( Indian rhubarb ) Eriogonum longifolium var . harperi ( Harper 's umbrella plant or Harper 's buckwheat ) Podophyllum peltatum ( American Mayapple ) Schefflera arboricola ( umbrella tree )" }, { "docid": "Paper_umbrella", "title": "", "text": "There are two types of paper umbrella : Oil-paper umbrella , for covering a person Cocktail umbrella , for decorating drinks" }, { "docid": "Umbrella_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "An umbrella is a canopy device designed to protect from precipitation or sunlight . Umbrella or Umbrellas may also refer to :" }, { "docid": "Umbrella_Ultra_Marathon", "title": "", "text": "The Umbrella Ultra Marathon , or Umbrellaultra , was a 102 km distance running event held on 29 October 2014 . It was not a competitive race , but a running event to support the Umbrella Movement of Hong Kong . The course covered New Territories , Kowloon and Hong Kong Island , which shows an umbrella shape on the map . Thus the trail is also known as the Umbrella Trail ." }, { "docid": "The_Blue_Umbrella", "title": "", "text": "The Blue Umbrella is a 1980 Indian novel written by Ruskin Bond . It was adapted into 2005 Hindi film by the same name , directed by Vishal Bhardwaj , which later won the National Film Award for Best Children 's Film . In 2012 , the novel was adapted into a comic by Amar Chitra Katha publications , titled , The Blue Umbrella -- Stories by Ruskin Bond , and included another story , Angry River . This story appeared in Bond 's collection of short stories , Children 's Omnibus . In a small village of Himachal Pradesh , where a little girl , Binya , trades her old leopard claw necklace for a pretty , frilly blue umbrella . In a village where the shopkeeper ( Ram Bharosa ) who keeps an old ruined shop and sells warm Coca Cola bottles due to no refrigerator and selling sweets to the school going kids as a credit and regains his money as an axe and an earing etc . for him an umbrella is a precious thing to have . The people in the village become very fond of her umbrella . Soon the shopkeeper becomes envious of the umbrella and tries to buy it from Binya but she refuses . As time passes by , Ram Bharosa 's desire to get the umbrella also increases . The schools get closed due to the arrival of the monsoon and Ram Bharosa employs a boy from the next village named Rajaram to work at the shop . When Rajaram comes to know about his master 's desire to own the umbrella , he offers to steal it for him . The shopkeeper unable to gain control on his craving , accepts it . Rajaram makes an attempt to steal the umbrella but fails and on being caught , he gives Ram Bharosa 's name . Now everyone stopped coming to Ram Bharosa 's shop . However , Binya realizes her mistake and that she should n't have shown off her umbrella because for now , due to it , Ram Bharosa was suffering . In the end , Binya gives the umbrella to Ram Bharosa , who returns her favor in future by gifting her a necklace with a bear 's claw ." } ]
17256	Sandra Bullock stars in The Proposal.	[ { "docid": "The_Proposal_(film)", "title": "", "text": "The Proposal is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Anne Fletcher and written by Peter Chiarelli . The film stars Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds , Betty White , Mary Steenburgen and Craig T. Nelson . The film was produced by Mandeville Films and released on June 19 , 2009 , in North America by Touchstone Pictures . The plot centers on a Canadian executive , Margaret Tate , who learns that she may face deportation from the U.S. because of her expired visa . Determined to retain her position as editor in chief of a publishing house , Tate convinces her assistant , Andrew Paxton , to temporarily act as her fiancé . Initially planning on resuming their lives after Tate resolves her visa issues , they appear to abandon those plans as their relationship intensifies . Development on the film began in 2005 , when Chiarelli wrote the film 's script . Principal filming occurred over a period of two months from March to May 2008 . The film received mixed reviews from critics , who criticized its script , but praised the chemistry between Bullock and Reynolds . The film was a box office success , grossing over $ 317 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing romantic comedy film of 2009 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Sandra_Bullock", "title": "", "text": "Sandra Annette Bullock ( -LSB- 's ændrə_ˈbʊlək -RSB- born July 26 , 1964 ) is an American actress , producer , and philanthropist . Bullock made her acting debut with a minor role in the 1987 thriller Hangmen , and made her television debut in the film Bionic Showdown : The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman ( 1989 ) , and played the lead role in the short-lived NBC sitcom Working Girl . Her breakthrough role was in the film Demolition Man ( 1993 ) . She subsequently starred in several successful films including Speed ( 1994 ) , While You Were Sleeping ( 1995 ) , The Net ( 1995 ) , A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) , Hope Floats ( 1998 ) , and Practical Magic ( 1998 ) . Bullock achieved further success in the following decades in Miss Congeniality ( 2000 ) , Two Weeks Notice ( 2002 ) , Crash ( 2004 ) , The Proposal ( 2009 ) , and The Heat ( 2013 ) . She was awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama for playing Leigh Anne Tuohy in The Blind Side ( 2009 ) , and was nominated in the same categories for her performance in Gravity ( 2013 ) . Bullock 's greatest commercial success is the animated comedy film Minions ( 2015 ) , which grossed over US$ 1 billion at the box office . In 2007 , she was one of Hollywood 's highest-paid actresses . She was also named `` Most Beautiful Woman '' by People magazine in 2015 . In addition to her acting career , Bullock is the founder of the production company Fortis Films . She has produced some of the films in which she starred , including Two Weeks Notice , Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous , and All About Steve . She was an executive producer of the ABC sitcom , George Lopez , and made several appearances during its run ." }, { "docid": "Sandra_Bullock_filmography", "title": "", "text": "Sandra Bullock is an American actress who made her film debut with a minor role in the 1987 thriller Hangmen . She made her television debut in the television film Bionic Showdown : The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman ( 1989 ) and played the lead role in the short-lived sitcom Working Girl ( 1990 ) before making her breakthrough starring in the action film Speed ( 1994 ) . She starred with Sylvester Stallone in Demolition Man ( 1994 ) . Bullock founded her own production company , Fortis Films , and starred in the romantic comedy While You Were Sleeping in 1995 . Her performance in the film earned her first nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical . The following year , Bullock starred with Matthew McConaughey in the film adaptation of John Grisham 's novel A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . In 1997 , she reprised her Speed role in the sequel , Speed 2 : Cruise Control . The following year , Bullock starred in the romantic comedy Practical Magic , voiced Miriam in the animated biblical film The Prince of Egypt and also executive produced her first film , the romantic drama Hope Floats . Bullock garnered a second nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Comedy or Musical by playing undercover FBI agent Gracie Hart , in the comedy Miss Congeniality ( 2000 ) . Two years later , she executive produced her first television series George Lopez and starred with Hugh Grant in the romantic comedy Two Weeks Notice ( 2002 ) . In 2004 , Bullock starred in the crime drama Crash and shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture with the rest of the ensemble cast . The following year she reprised her role in Miss Congeniality in its sequel , Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous . Bullock reunited with Speed co-star Keanu Reeves in the romantic drama The Lake House in 2006 ; that year she also played Harper Lee in the biographical film on Truman Capote , Infamous . In 2009 , she starred in the romantic comedy The Proposal , the comedy All About Steve , and the semi-autobiographical sports drama The Blind Side . Bullock won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Blind Side , and also received the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress for All About Steve . In doing so she became the first person to win both a Razzie and an Oscar in the same weekend . Bullock starred in the buddy cop comedy The Heat and the science fiction thriller Gravity ( both 2013 ) . For her performance in the latter , she received the Saturn Award for Best Actress and was also nominated at the Academy Awards , British Academy Film Awards , and Golden Globe Awards . In 2015 , Bullock voiced the supervillain Scarlet Overkill in the animated film Minions . As of March 2017 , Minions is her highest-grossing film , with a worldwide box office total of over $ 1.1 billion ." }, { "docid": "Fire_on_the_Amazon", "title": "", "text": "Fire on the Amazon is a 1993 American-Peruvian drama-adventure film directed by Luis Llosa and starring Craig Sheffer and Sandra Bullock . The low-budget film features an early appearance of Bullock , before her breakout role in '' Speed ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Sandra_Bullock", "title": "", "text": "The following is a list of awards and nominations received by Sandra Bullock throughout her acting career ." }, { "docid": "Love_Potion_No._9_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Love Potion No. 9 is a 1992 film starring Sandra Bullock and Tate Donovan ." }, { "docid": "Two_Weeks_Notice", "title": "", "text": "Two Weeks Notice is a 2002 Australian-American romantic comedy film starring Hugh Grant and Sandra Bullock . The film was written and directed by Marc Lawrence , who had previously scripted two other box-office hits for Bullock , Miss Congeniality and Forces of Nature . Although critical response was mixed , the film received a successful box office run , both in the United States and globally ." }, { "docid": "Who_Shot_Patakango?", "title": "", "text": "Who Shot Patakango ? , a.k.a. . Who Shot Pat ? is a 1989 movie starring Sandra Bullock ." }, { "docid": "The_Lake_House_(film)", "title": "", "text": "The Lake House is a 2006 American romantic drama directed by Alejandro Agresti and starring Keanu Reeves , Sandra Bullock and Christopher Plummer . It was written by David Auburn . The film is a remake of the South Korean motion picture Il Mare ( 2000 ) . The story centers on an architect living in 2004 and a doctor living in 2006 . The two meet via letters left in a mailbox at the lake house they have both lived in at separate points in time ; they carry on correspondence over two years , remaining separated by their original difference of two years . This film reunites Reeves and Bullock for the first time since they co-starred in Speed in 1994 ." }, { "docid": "Forces_of_Nature", "title": "", "text": "Forces of Nature is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Bronwen Hughes and starring Ben Affleck and Sandra Bullock ." }, { "docid": "Gun_Shy_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Gun Shy is a 2000 film written and directed by Eric Blakeney , and starring Liam Neeson , Oliver Platt and Sandra Bullock ." }, { "docid": "The_Net_(1995_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Net is a 1995 American cyber action thriller film directed by Irwin Winkler and starring Sandra Bullock , Jeremy Northam and Dennis Miller ." }, { "docid": "When_the_Party's_Over", "title": "", "text": "When the Party 's Over is a 1993 film starring Sandra Bullock . The film was directed by Matthew Irmas and was first released on March 12 , 1993 ." }, { "docid": "Working_Girl_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Working Girl is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from April to July 1990 . Loosely based on the 1988 film of the same name starring Melanie Griffith , the series stars Sandra Bullock as Tess McGill ( Melanie Griffith 's character in the film ) , in a role that was initially meant for Nancy McKeon ." }, { "docid": "Wrestling_Ernest_Hemingway", "title": "", "text": "Wrestling Ernest Hemingway is a 1993 drama-romance film directed by Randa Haines and written by Steve Conrad , starring Richard Harris , Robert Duvall , Sandra Bullock , Shirley MacLaine , and Piper Laurie ." }, { "docid": "Making_Sandwiches", "title": "", "text": "Making Sandwiches is a short film written and directed by American film star Sandra Bullock . Shot in Ventura , California in 1996 , it debuted at the 1997 Sundance Film Festival , and also played the Austin Film Festival in 1998 . The film also stars Eric Roberts and Matthew McConaughey . The tagline for the film was `` Two slices ... with the world of possibility between 'em . ''" }, { "docid": "Miss_Congeniality_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Miss Congeniality is a 2000 American comedy film directed by Donald Petrie , written by Marc Lawrence , Katie Ford , and Caryn Lucas , and starring Sandra Bullock , Michael Caine , Benjamin Bratt , and Candice Bergen ." }, { "docid": "The_Vanishing_(1993_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Vanishing is a 1993 American psychological thriller starring Jeff Bridges , Kiefer Sutherland , Nancy Travis and Sandra Bullock . It is an American remake of a 1988 Franco-Dutch film also called The Vanishing , and also directed by George Sluizer ." }, { "docid": "The_blindside", "title": "", "text": "The Blind Side / The Blindside may refer to : The Blind Side : Evolution of a Game , a 2006 book about American Football , by Michael Lewis The Blind Side ( film ) , an unrelated 2009 Film directed by John Lee Hancock and starring Sandra Bullock" }, { "docid": "All_About_Steve", "title": "", "text": "All About Steve is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Phil Traill that stars Sandra Bullock , Thomas Haden Church , and Bradley Cooper as the eponymous Steve . The film was panned by critics and is the winner of two Golden Raspberry Awards ." }, { "docid": "Miss_Congeniality_2:_Armed_and_Fabulous", "title": "", "text": "Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous ( also known as Miss Congeniality 2 ) is a 2005 comedy film directed by John Pasquin , starring Sandra Bullock . It is the sequel to the 2000 film Miss Congeniality . Bullock , who also produced the film , commented during the film 's promotion on the type of story she wanted to tell : I want women to be able to do the same thing that men get to do in comedies and say , ` That 's a comedy . ' Why does it always have to be a romantic comedy ? Why does the girl have to end up with the guy ? Why ca n't it be a buddy film ?" }, { "docid": "Two_If_by_Sea", "title": "", "text": "Two If by Sea ( also known in the United Kingdom as Stolen Hearts ) is a 1996 American romantic comedy film directed by Bill Bennett , and starring Sandra Bullock and Denis Leary . The screenplay , written by Leary and Mike Armstrong , is based on a story by Leary , Armstrong , and Ann Lembeck ." }, { "docid": "Katie_Dippold", "title": "", "text": "Katie Dippold is a screenwriter , actress , and comedian . She was a writer on the NBC series Parks and Recreation and wrote The Heat starring Sandra Bullock and Melissa McCarthy . The Heat won the 2014 American Comedy Award for best screenplay and favorite comedy of the year at the People 's Choice Awards ." }, { "docid": "Murder_by_Numbers", "title": "", "text": "Murder by Numbers is a 2002 American psychological thriller film produced and directed by Barbet Schroeder starring Sandra Bullock , Ben Chaplin , Ryan Gosling and Michael Pitt . It is loosely based on the Leopold and Loeb case . The film was screened at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival , but was not entered in competition ." }, { "docid": "Who_Do_I_Gotta_Kill?", "title": "", "text": "Who Do I Got ta Kill ? ( also known as Me & the Mob ) is a 1994 comedy film directed and co-written by Frank Rainone with James Lorinz and Rocco Simonelli also writing . The film stars Sandra Bullock , John Costelloe , Steve Buscemi , and James Lorinz ." }, { "docid": "Hope_Floats", "title": "", "text": "Hope Floats is a 1998 American romantic drama film directed by Forest Whitaker and starring Sandra Bullock , Harry Connick , Jr. , and Gena Rowlands . Birdee ( Bullock ) is an unassuming housewife whose life is disrupted when her husband ( Michael Pare ) reveals his infidelity to her on a Ricki Lake-style talk show . She goes home to her mother ( Rowlands ) and the small town in which she grew up , where everyone knows of her televised marital collapse . Meanwhile , an old friend , Justin ( Connick , Jr. ) , has entered her life , sparking a romance . While Justin 's intentions are clear and good , Birdee struggles with the decision to let him fully into her life ." }, { "docid": "Divine_Secrets_of_the_Ya-Ya_Sisterhood_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood is a 2002 American comedy-drama film starring an ensemble cast headed by Sandra Bullock , directed and written by Callie Khouri . It is based on Rebecca Wells ' novel of the same name and its prequel collection of short stories , Little Altars Everywhere ." }, { "docid": "Lucky_Chances", "title": "", "text": "Lucky Chances is a 1990 television mini-series written by Jackie Collins and based on her bestselling novels Chances and Lucky . It starred Vincent Irizarry , Sandra Bullock , Eric Braeden , Nicollette Sheridan , Anne-Marie Johnson , Phil Morris , David McCallum , Richard Anderson and Robert Duncan McNeill . It was directed by Buzz Kulik ." }, { "docid": "The_Net_(U.S._TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "The Net is a 1998 television drama series based on the 1995 film of the same name . The series starred Brooke Langton as Angela Bennett , the character Sandra Bullock played in the film . Produced in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , the series originally aired for one season on the USA Network before being canceled in 1999 ." }, { "docid": "Love_Potion_No._9", "title": "", "text": "Love Potion No. 9 may refer to : `` Love Potion No. 9 '' ( song ) , the song first released by the Clovers Love Potion # 9 ( album ) , a 1967 album by jazz organist Johnny `` Hammond '' Smith featuring a version of the above song Love Potion No. 9 ( film ) , the 1992 movie starring Tate Donovan and Sandra Bullock" }, { "docid": "Premonition_(2007_film)", "title": "", "text": "Premonition is a 2007 American supernatural thriller film directed by Mennan Yapo and starring Sandra Bullock , Julian McMahon , and Amber Valletta . The film 's plot depicts a housewife named Linda who experiences the days surrounding her husband 's death in a non-chronological order , and how she attempts to save him from his impending doom ." } ]
68371	Martin Luther King Jr. worked on segregated housing in earnest.	[ { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr.", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King Jr. ( born Michael King Jr. , January 15 , 1929 -- April 4 , 1968 ) was an American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement . He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs . King became a civil rights activist early in his career . He led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) in 1957 , serving as its first president . With the SCLC , King led an unsuccessful 1962 struggle against segregation in Albany , Georgia , and helped organize the 1963 nonviolent protests in Birmingham , Alabama . King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington , where he delivered his famous `` I Have a Dream '' speech . On October 14 , 1964 , King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance . In 1965 , he helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches , and the following year he and SCLC took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing . In the final years of his life , King expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty and the Vietnam War , alienating many of his liberal allies with a 1967 speech titled `` Beyond Vietnam '' . In 1968 , King was planning a national occupation of Washington , D.C. , to be called the Poor People 's Campaign , when he was assassinated by James Earl Ray on April 4 in Memphis , Tennessee . King 's death was followed by riots in many U.S. cities . Ray , who fled the country , was arrested two months later at London Heathrow Airport . Ray was sentenced to 99 years in prison for King 's murder , and died in 1998 from hepatitis while serving his sentence . King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal . Martin Luther King Jr. . Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971 , and as a U.S. federal holiday in 1986 . Hundreds of streets in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor , and a county in Washington State was also renamed for him . The Martin Luther King Jr. . Memorial on the National Mall in Washington , D.C. , was dedicated in 2011 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Library", "title": "", "text": "There are a number of libraries named in honor of Martin Luther King Jr. , among them : Martin Luther King Jr. . Library -- Learning Resource Center of the Los Angeles City College in Los Angeles Martin Luther King Jr. . Branch of the Oakland Public Library in Oakland , California Martin Luther King Jr. . Library of the Sacramento Public Library in Sacramento , California Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. . Library in San Jose , California Martin Luther King Jr. . Library of the Aurora Public Library in Aurora , Colorado Martin Luther King Jr. . Memorial Library in Washington , D.C. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. . Library of the Brevard County Libraries in Melbourne , Florida Martin Luther King Jr. . Library of the Atlanta -- Fulton Public Library System in Atlanta Martin Luther King Jr. . Library of the Chicago Public Library in Chicago Martin Luther King Jr. . Branch of the New Orleans Public Library in New Orleans Martin Luther King Jr. . Library at Boston University in Boston Martin Luther King Jr. . Library of Essex County College in Newark , New Jersey Martin Luther King Jr. . Memorial Library at Syracuse University in Syracuse , New York Martin Luther King Jr. . Branch of the Cleveland Public Library in Cleveland , Ohio Martin Luther King Jr. . Library and Learning Center of the Dallas Public Library in Dallas , Texas Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. . Library of the Tacoma Public Library in Tacoma , Washington" }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_High_School", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King High School may refer to : Martin Luther King High School ( Davis , California ) -- Davis , California Martin Luther King High School ( Riverside , California ) -- Riverside , California Martin Luther King High School ( Lithonia , Georgia ) -- Lithonia , Georgia Martin Luther King High School ( Michigan ) -- Detroit , Michigan Martin Luther King High School ( New York ) -- New York , New York Martin Luther King High School ( Philadelphia ) -- Philadelphia , Pennsylvania Martin Luther King Magnet at Pearl High School -- Nashville , Tennessee Martin Luther King , Jr. . Academy -- Gary , Indiana Martin Luther King , Jr. . College Preparatory High School -- Chicago , Illinois Martin Luther King , Jr. . High School ( New York ) -- Hastings-on-Hudson , New York Martin Luther King , Jr. . High School ( Cleveland , Ohio ) Martin Luther King , Jr. . High School ( Nashville , Tennessee )" }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King Jr. ( 1929 -- 1968 ) was a minister and Civil Rights activist . Martin Luther King may also refer to : Martin Luther King Sr. , Baptist minister and father of Martin Luther King Jr. . Martin Luther King III , son of Martin Luther King Jr. and a former head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Martin Luther King , Jr. ( Wilson ) , a 1986 public artwork by American sculptor John Wilson" }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Freeway", "title": "", "text": "The following roads in the United States are named the Martin Luther King Jr. . Freeway : Martin Luther King Jr. . Freeway ( Fayetteville ) in Fayetteville , North Carolina Martin Luther King Jr. . Freeway ( Portsmouth ) in Portsmouth , Virginia Martin Luther King Jr. . Freeway ( Reno ) in Reno , Nevada Martin Luther King Jr. . Freeway ( San Diego ) in San Diego , California" }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr._National_Historic_Site", "title": "", "text": "The Martin Luther King Jr. . National Historic Site consists of several buildings including Martin Luther King Jr. 's boyhood home and the original Ebenezer Baptist Church , the church where King was baptized and both his father Martin Luther King Sr. , and he were pastors . These places , critical to the interpretation of the life of Martin Luther King Jr. and his legacy as a leader of the American Civil Rights Movement , were included in the National Historic Site when it was established on October 10 , 1980 . In total , the buildings included in the site make up 35 acres ( 0.14 km ² ) . The visitor center contains a museum that chronicles the American Civil Rights Movement and the path of Martin Luther King Jr. . An 1894 firehouse ( Fire Station No. 6 ) served the Sweet Auburn community until 1991 , and now contains a gift shop and an exhibit on desegregation in the Atlanta Fire Department . The `` I Have a Dream '' International World Peace Rose Garden , and a memorial tribute to Mohandas K. Gandhi are part of the site , as is the `` International Civil Rights Walk of Fame '' which commemorates some of the courageous pioneers who worked for social justice . Annual events celebrating Martin Luther King Jr. . Day in January typically draw large crowds . Speakers have included Presidents of the United States , national and local politicians , and civil rights leaders . Remembrances are also held during Black History Month ( February ) , and on the anniversary of King 's April 4 , 1968 , assassination in Memphis , Tennessee ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Records_Collection_Act", "title": "", "text": "The Martin Luther King Jr. . Records Collection Act , or MLK Records Act , is proposed legislation that would release United States government records pertaining to the life and death of Martin Luther King Jr. . Versions of the law have been proposed on multiple occasions , and a complete version was brought to both houses of the United States Congress in 2005 -- 2006 ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Middle_School", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King Middle School is the name of these public school in the United States : Martin Luther King Middle School ( Berkeley ) Martin Luther King Middle School ( Kansas City ) Martin Luther King Jr. . Middle School ( Oceanside , CA ) Martin Luther King Jr. . Middle School ( Richmond , VA ) Martin Luther King Jr. . Middle School in Hayward , CA" }, { "docid": "Dr._Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Blome_sculpture)", "title": "", "text": "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a public art work designed by American artist Erik Blome , located in downtown Milwaukee , Wisconsin . The bronze sculpture depicts the civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. standing on a pedestal of books . It was commissioned by the YWCA of Greater Milwaukee and is located in front of the King Heights apartments ." }, { "docid": "Dr._Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Literary_and_Fine_Arts_School", "title": "", "text": "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. . Literary and Fine Arts School , or King Arts , is a K-8 magnet school located in Evanston , Illinois . The school was formed in 1967 by combining Skiles Middle School , which had taught grades 6-8 and sat on the site of the current King Arts School and the original Martin Luther King Jr. . Laboratory School , which had taught grades K-5 and was housed in the building of the old Foster School at Foster and Dewey ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_station", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King station may refer to : Martin Luther King Drive ( HBLR station ) , a Hudson -- Bergen Light Rail station in Jersey City , New Jersey Martin Luther King Jr station ( Los Angeles Metro ) , a Los Angeles Metro Light Rail Subway station MLK , Jr. ( Capital MetroRail station ) , a train station in Austin , Texas MLK Jr. station ( DART ) , in Dallas , Texas Martin Luther King Boulevard/Mack Avenue station , a QLINE light rail station in Detroit , Michigan Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. . Plaza station ( Metrorail ) , a train station in Gladeview , Florida MacGregor Park/Martin Luther King , Jr. ( METRORail station ) , a train station in Houston , Texas" }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Bridge", "title": "", "text": "There are many roads and bridges named after Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. . The Martin Luther King Bridge can refer to : Martin Luther King Bridge ( St. Louis ) over the Mississippi River Martin Luther King Jr. . Memorial Bridge in Petersburg , Virginia Martin Luther King Bridge ( Port Arthur , Texas ) Martin Luther King Bridge ( Toledo , Ohio ) , over the Maumee River" }, { "docid": "Martin_King", "title": "", "text": "Martin King may refer to : Martin Luther King , Jr. ( 1929 -- 1968 ) , Baptist minister and civil rights activist Martin Luther King , Sr. ( 1899 -- 1984 ) , Baptist minister and the father of Martin Luther King , Jr. . Martin Luther King III ( born 1957 ) , son of Martin Luther King , Jr. and a former head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Dr. Martin King , fictional character in The Avengers Martin King ( actor ) , British actor and voice actor Martin King ( inventor ) ( 1950 -- 2010 ) , American co-inventor of T9 Martin King ( journalist ) , Australian reporter on A Current Affair and former radio announcer on MTR 1377 Martin King ( weather presenter ) , Irish weather presenter with TV3 Martin King ( author ) , British author , co-writer with Martin Knight" }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Plaza", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King Jr. . Plaza may refer to : Martin Luther King Jr. . Plaza ( Toledo ) , a train station served by Amtrak in Toledo , Ohio Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. . Plaza station ( Metrorail ) , a train station served by Metrorail in Gladeview , Florida" }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Community_Hospital", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King Jr. . Community Hospital is a 131 bed community hospital in the Willowbrook neighborhood of southern Los Angeles County , California . It was planned and designed to especially serve the surrounding South Los Angeles communities ' needs , including those of underinsured or uninsured patients . The new hospital opened on 7 July 2015 , in a new building . The hospital on the site of the former Martin Luther King Jr. . Multi-Service Ambulatory Care Center , originally named the Martin Luther King Jr. / Drew Medical Center , known as King/Drew . The adjacent Los Angeles County Department of Health Services Martin Luther King Jr. . Outpatient Center opened in a new building in 2014 ." }, { "docid": "MacGregor_Park/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(METRORail_station)", "title": "", "text": "MacGregor Park/Martin Luther King Jr. is a light rail station in Houston , Texas on the METRORail system . It is served by the Purple Line , and is located in the median of Martin Luther King Jr. . Boulevard at Old Spanish Trail near MacGregor Park . MacGregor Park/Martin Luther King Jr. station opened on May 23 , 2015 ." }, { "docid": "King_Center_for_Nonviolent_Social_Change", "title": "", "text": "The Martin Luther King , Jr. . Center for Nonviolent Social Change is a nongovernmental , not-for-profit organization founded in 1968 by Coretta Scott King . King started the organization in the basement of the couple 's home in the year following the 1968 assassination of her husband , Martin Luther King , Jr. . In 1981 , the center 's headquarters were moved into the Martin Luther King , Jr. . National Historic Site , a multimillion-dollar facility on Auburn Avenue which includes King 's birth home and the Ebenezer Baptist Church , where he preached from 1960 until his death . In 1977 , a memorial tomb was dedicated , and the remains of Martin Luther King , Jr. were moved from South View Cemetery to the plaza that is nestled between the center and the church . Martin Luther King , Jr. 's gravesite and a reflecting pool are also located next to Freedom Hall . Mrs. King was interred with her husband on February 7 , 2006 ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_High_School_(Detroit)", "title": "", "text": "Dr. Martin Luther King , Jr. . High School is located at 3200 East Lafayette Boulevard in Detroit , Michigan ; the building is operated by the Detroit Board of Education . King 's district encompasses Downtown and Midtown Detroit ; it also includes Lafayette Park , the Martin Luther King Apartments and Riverfront Condominiums . The Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects were zoned to MLK prior to their demolition . In addition it includes the three Wayne State University housing complexes that permit families with children ( Chatsworth Tower , DeRoy , and University Tower ) ." }, { "docid": "Breaking_of_the_Chains", "title": "", "text": "Breaking of the Chains is an outdoor 1995 sculpture by Mel Edwards , installed along San Diego 's Martin Luther King Jr. . Promenade , in the U.S. state of California . The work serves as a tribute to Martin Luther King Jr. ." }, { "docid": "FBI–King_suicide_letter", "title": "", "text": "FBI -- King suicide letter , or blackmail package , was a 1964 anonymously-signed letter or package by the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) meant to blackmail Martin Luther King Jr. . On November 21 , 1964 , a package that contained the letter and a tape recording of King 's sexual indiscretions was delivered to Coretta Scott King , and later to Martin Luther King Jr. . Although the letter was anonymously written , Martin Luther King Jr. suspected the FBI sent the package . On March 8 , 1971 , an activist group called the Citizens ' Commission to Investigate the FBI burglarized a local office of the FBI in Media , Pennsylvania and stole classified documents . Part of those documents revealed a secret FBI operation called COINTELPRO . Those documents were later sent to newspapers and members of the United States Congress . During the Church Committee hearings and investigations in 1975 , a copy of the `` suicide letter '' was discovered in the work files of William C. Sullivan , deputy FBI director . Once the surveillance tapes of King were publicly revealed , Bernard Lee and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) sought to have tapes gained by wiretaps destroyed in a lawsuit . Their request was denied by United States District Court for the District of Columbia judge John Lewis Smith Jr. . He ordered all tapes sealed until the year 2027 and placed into the National Archives and Records Administration . Since 1977 , attempts have been made to release the recordings in the United States Congress . Republican Senator Jesse Helms from North Carolina in 1983 sought to reveal information about King that would have undermined the establishment of the Martin Luther King Jr. . Day . The Martin Luther King Jr. . Records Collection bill has been introduced in Congress by Democratic Representative Cynthia McKinney from Georgia in 2002 and 2005 , by Democratic Senator John Kerry from Massachusetts in 2006 , and by Democratic Representative John Lewis from Georgia in 2010 , but the bill was never passed by Congress ." }, { "docid": "Putnam_Avenue_Upper_School", "title": "", "text": "The Putnam Avenue Upper School ( commonly known as PAUS ) is one of the four Upper Schools in Cambridge , Massachusetts USA . It was established on September 4 , 2012 . The upper school houses sixth , seventh , and eighth graders who are from the Kennedy-Longfellow Elementary School , the Martin Luther King Jr. . Elementary School Martin Luther King Junior Elementary School , and the Morse Elementary School . The school is housed , along with the Martin Luther King , Jr. . Elementary School , at 100 Putnam Avenue . It opened its doors in December 2015 . The completely rebuilt 187,000-square-foot building , damaged by a May 2015 fire that delayed its opening for the 2015 -- 16 school year , features geothermal wells ; daylight harvesting ; an automatic lighting dimmer system ; and a gray water storage system ." }, { "docid": "Dr._Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Dwight_sculpture)", "title": "", "text": "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is an outdoor 2007 bronze sculpture of Martin Luther King Jr. by American artist Ed Dwight , installed at Hermann Park 's McGovern Centennial Gardens in Houston , Texas , in the United States ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Shoreline", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King Jr. . Shoreline is a regional park located on the shores of the San Leandro Bay in Oakland , California , that is part of the East Bay Regional Parks system . It is named after Civil Rights Movement leader Martin Luther King Jr. ." }, { "docid": "Homage_to_King", "title": "", "text": "Homage to King is a sculpture by Xavier Medina Campeny . It is located at the southwest corner of Freedom Parkway and Boulevard in Atlanta , Georgia in the Old Fourth Ward neighborhood.The work portrays Martin Luther King , Jr. outstretching his arms , representing a welcome to those visiting the Martin Luther King , Jr. , National Historic Site . The location is also one of an oft-used view of the Downtown Atlanta skyline ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Sr._Community_Resources_Collaborative", "title": "", "text": "The Martin Luther King Sr. . Community Resources Collaborative named after the late Reverend turned community activist Martin Luther King Sr. , held its official dedication ceremony , November 4 , 2012 . The 8-million-dollar brick complex is located at 101 Jackson Street NE , in the `` National Historic King District , '' of Atlanta , Georgia , which is also known as the Sweet Auburn and Old Fourth Ward Districts . The Collaborative , often referred to as the MLK Sr. . CRC , is three stories tall and houses the fellowship hall of Historic Ebenezer Baptist Church , where Reverend King Sr. once pastored and co-pastored with his son Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. . Also serving as a mini historical museum , the Collaborative , houses and displays relics from Reverend King Sr. , such as his sermon notes , documents , clothing , pictures and the original church organ that his late wife , Alberta Christine Williams King played during Ebenezer services . Containing a commercial grade kitchen and conference/exhibit hall , the Collaborative is frequently rented and utilized for private , corporate and government meetings and functions . However , one of the main purposes of building the expansive Collaborative was to create and maintain an ongoing community partnership of local and national non-profit agencies focusing on improving and enhancing the lives of underserved children and families residing in the Sweet Auburn and Old Fourth Ward geographic areas , as well as , surrounding Fulton counties in Atlanta . Detailed programs focused on Literacy/Education , Financial Literacy , Housing , Employment Services and overall Family Enhancement are administered to participants via in-house non-profit community partners : Ebenezer Baptist Church , Casey Family Programs , Operation Hope and Enroll America , as well as , services and programs from community referral partner agencies . The community Cyber Cafe hosted by Operation Hope , as well as , office and suite space for the Collaborative 's in house community partners , along with the Collaborative 's Executive Director , Detria Russell is located throughout the Martin Luther King Sr. . Community Resources Collaborative 's three floors . Because the Collaborative is located in the `` National Historic King District , '' The National Park Service administers the Collaborative 's parking lot and surrounding land , which includes the old Historic Ebenezer Baptist Church building , Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 's birth home and gravesite , as well as , a community playground ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr._High_School_(Lithonia,_Georgia)", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King Jr. . High School is a public high school located in Lithonia , Georgia , United States . It opened in August 2001 as the newest high school in the DeKalb County School System , and was named after the late civil rights leader Martin Luther King , Jr. ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day", "title": "", "text": "Martin Luther King Jr. . Day ( officially Birthday of Martin Luther King , Jr. ) is an American federal holiday marking the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. . It is observed on the third Monday of January each year , which is around King 's birthday , January 15 . The holiday is similar to holidays set under the Uniform Monday Holiday Act . King was the chief spokesman for nonviolent activism in the Civil Rights Movement , which successfully protested racial discrimination in federal and state law . The campaign for a federal holiday in King 's honor began soon after his assassination in 1968 . President Ronald Reagan signed the holiday into law in 1983 , and it was first observed three years later . At first , some states resisted observing the holiday as such , giving it alternative names or combining it with other holidays . It was officially observed in all 50 states for the first time in 2000 ." }, { "docid": "Montgomery_Improvement_Association", "title": "", "text": "The Montgomery Improvement Association ( MIA ) was formed on December 5 , 1955 by black ministers and community leaders in Montgomery , Alabama . Under the leadership of Ralph Abernathy , Martin Luther King , Jr. and Edgar Nixon , the MIA was instrumental in guiding the Montgomery bus boycott , a successful campaign that focused national attention on racial segregation in the South and catapulted King into the national spotlight . ." }, { "docid": "Alberta_Williams_King", "title": "", "text": "Alberta Christine Williams King ( September 13 , 1904 -- June 30 , 1974 ) was Martin Luther King , Jr. 's mother and the wife of Martin Luther King , Sr. . She played a significant role in the affairs of the Ebenezer Baptist Church . She was shot and killed in the church six years after the assassination of Martin Luther King , Jr. ." }, { "docid": "Shedding_the_Cloak", "title": "", "text": "Shedding the Cloak is an outdoor 2001 public artwork by Jerry and Tama Dumlao and Mary Lynn Dominguez , installed along San Diego 's Martin Luther King Jr. . Promenade , in the U.S. state of California . The work is one of several commemorating Martin Luther King Jr. along the promenade , including Mel Edwards ' Breaking of the Chains and Roberto Salas ' Dream ." }, { "docid": "Sermons_and_speeches_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.", "title": "", "text": "The sermons and speeches of Martin Luther King Jr. , comprise an extensive catalog of American writing and oratory -- some of which are internationally well-known , while others remain unheralded , and some await re-discovery . Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent African-American clergyman , a civil rights leader , and a Nobel laureate . King himself observed , `` In the quiet recesses of my heart , I am fundamentally a clergyman , a Baptist preacher . ''" } ]
150233	FC Barcelona was awarded five trophies.	[ { "docid": "FC_Barcelona", "title": "", "text": "Futbol Club Barcelona ( -LSB- fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə -RSB- ) , commonly known as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is a professional football club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism , hence the motto `` Més que un club '' ( `` More than a club '' ) . Unlike many other football clubs , the supporters own and operate Barcelona . It is the second most valuable sports team in the world , worth $ 3.56 billion , and the world 's second richest football club in terms of revenue , with an annual turnover of $ 560.8 million . The official Barcelona anthem is the `` Cant del Barça '' , written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs . Domestically , Barcelona has won 24 La Liga , 29 Copa del Rey , 12 Supercopa de España , 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies , as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions . In international club football , Barcelona has won twenty European and World titles -- four UEFA Champions League titles and one European Cup , a record four UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , a shared record five UEFA Super Cup , a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup . Barcelona was ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 1997 , 2009 , 2011 , 2012 and 2015 and currently occupies the third position on the UEFA club rankings . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid ; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico . Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world , and the club has the largest social media following in the world among sports teams . Barcelona players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards ( 11 ) , with recipients including Johan Cruyff , as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards ( 7 ) , with winners including Ronaldo , Romário and Ronaldinho . In 2010 , three players who came through the club 's youth academy ( Lionel Messi , Andrés Iniesta and Xavi ) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school . Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division , along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid . In 2009 , Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga , Copa del Rey , and the UEFA Champions League , and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year , completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup , UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup . In 2011 , the club became European champions again and won five trophies . This Barcelona team , which won 14 trophies in just 4 years under Pep Guardiola , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time . By winning their fifth Champions League trophy on 6 June 2015 , Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice ." } ]	[ { "docid": "List_of_FC_Barcelona_players", "title": "", "text": "'' For a list of all Barcelona players with a Wikipedia article see Cat : Barcelona footballers and for the current Barcelona first-team squad see FC Barcelona current squad . FC Barcelona is a professional association football club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . The club was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Spanish men led by Joan Gamper . Barcelona is one of only three clubs never to have been relegated from La Liga and the most successful club in Spanish football , having won a total of 70 domestic titles ; 24 La Liga titles , a record 29 Spanish Cups , 12 Spanish Super Cups , a record 3 Copas Eva Duarte and 2 League Cups . Barcelona is the only European side to have played continental football in every season since its inception in 1955 and one of the most successful clubs in European football , having won 14 official UEFA trophies in total . Aside from being the founder , Gamper was also one of the club 's first footballers and holds the record for most goals in one match , with nine . Lionel Messi is the all-time top scorer with 539 goals , holds the record for most goals scored in official competitions , with 507 , and is the current La Liga topscorer with 349 goals . Xavi holds the record for the most appearances in all competitions ( including friendlies ) , the record for most league appearances , with 505 games , and the record for most appearances in official competitions , with 767 games . Messi and Andrés Iniesta have won the record amount of trophies for the club ( 30 ) . Barcelona has employed several famous players , with five FIFA World Player winners and six Ballon d'Or winners among the previous and current Barcelona players . This makes it the club with the most FIFA World Player awards received by the players . In 2009 , Barcelona won an `` unprecedented sextuple '' by winning competitions such as the La Liga , Copa del Rey , Supercopa de España , UEFA Champions League , UEFA Supercup and FIFA Club World Cup in one calendar year . The same year , five of their players and their coach were voted onto the UEFA Team of the Year 2009 . The list includes notable footballers who have played for Barcelona . Generally , this means players that have played at least 100 league matches for the club . However , some players who have played fewer matches are also included if they are on Barcelona 's list of Legendary Players . Between 1899 and May 2015 , 958 footballers have played at least one official game with Barcelona ." }, { "docid": "FC_Barcelona_in_European_football", "title": "", "text": "FC Barcelona , also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is a professional football club based in Barcelona , Spain . The club first participated in a European competition in 1910 , and from 1955 onwards spent every season in one or more European competitions . The first international cup they took part in was the Pyrenees Cup . The competition lasted from 1910 to 1914 and Barcelona won four out of five editions . From 1914 to the beginning of the Latin Cup in 1949 , Barcelona did not participate in any international competitions . From the 1955-56 season , with the exception of the 1956-57 ( during the first Fairs Cup , because Vienna XI withdrew from the competition ) , they are the only team to have played in the European cups every year until today . Barcelona has won the now defunct Cup Winners ' Cup four times and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup three times , which is more than any other club for both trophies . They also took part in the Latin Cup twice as champions of Spain , winning on both occasions , a record shared with Real Madrid and Milan . Though they did not manage to win the European Cup , now Champions League , during the early years of the competition , they have since won the trophy five times , with their first win in 1992 . FC Barcelona have moved to the second place of the ranking of Europe 's most successful clubs in terms of international trophies won just behind Real Madrid . In the second part of 2015 , with the European Super Cup victory in Tbilisi against Sevilla and the FIFA Club World Cup victory in Yokohama against River Plate meant that the Catalans have won 20 different titles , behind Real Madrid 's 21 . In the tables ( H ) denotes home ground , ( A ) denotes away ground and ( N ) symbolises neutral ground . The first score is always Barcelona 's ." }, { "docid": "Trofeo_Aldo_Rovira", "title": "", "text": "The Aldo Rovira Trophy is a trophy awarded by Futbol Club Barcelona to its best player of the season and it is decided by a jury composed of board of directors and heads of sport in Catalan media . The award was created in 2010 in memory of the son of former FC Barcelona director , Josep Lluis Rovira , who died in a car/traffic accident one year earlier . Lionel Messi won the inaugural prize for the season held in 2009 -- 10 and he has also won the award on a record four occasions ." }, { "docid": "List_of_FC_Barcelona_managers", "title": "", "text": "FC Barcelona is a professional football club based in Barcelona , Spain , which plays in the Spanish league , La Liga . The first full-time manager for Barcelona was John Barrow . He was signed by the founder of Barcelona , and then director , Joan Gamper , and was dismissed four months later without winning a title . The second most successful FC Barcelona manager in terms of trophies won is Johan Cruyff , who won four La Liga titles , one Copa del Rey trophy , three Supercopa de España , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup trophy , one UEFA Champions League title and one UEFA Super Cup in his 8-year reign as manager . Now , Pep Guardiola is the most successful manager in terms of trophies . Guardiola was also the most successful manager in terms of trophies per year . In 2009 , Guardiola 's first year , Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble of La Liga , Copa del Rey , and Champions League . Later they became the first football team ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year , thus completing the sextuple , comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Supercup , European Supercup and FIFA Club World Cup . Luis Enrique took over from Gerardo Martino in May 2014 ." }, { "docid": "Quini", "title": "", "text": "Enrique Castro González ( born 23 September 1949 ) , known as Quini , is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a striker . In a career totally connected with Sporting de Gijón and FC Barcelona , he was widely regarded as one of the country 's best strikers , having won a total of seven Pichichi Trophy awards , five of those in La Liga . A Spain international for 12 years , Quini represented the nation in two World Cups and one European Championship ." }, { "docid": "FC_Barcelona_Museum", "title": "", "text": "The FC Barcelona museum ( FC Barcelona Museu ) was inaugurated on 24 September 1984 under the presidency of Josep Lluís Nuñez . In 2000 , the museum was renamed President Nuñez museum under the presidency of his successor , Joan Gaspart . On 15 June 2010 , the museum was reopened after a long restructuring . The restructuring saw the museum split into three separate sections with a 3D cinema , audiovisual touch-screen , and information on the history of FC Barcelona . The first section includes a collection of photos , documents and trophies detailing the club 's history on an interactive glass wall , allowing visitors to touch the screens and see information wall . The glass wall , equipped with laser technology , allows the exhibition of video , images and music through user-feedback . The second section is a private art collection on permanent display at the museum which exhibits works by local artists such as Dalí , Miró and Tàpies . In the third section , the Futbolart Collection displays football memorabilia from the club including a trophy-room with every trophy , or a replica thereof , that the club has won . One of the items at display in the Futbolart Collection is the boots with which Ronald Koeman scored the winning goal in the 1992 European Cup Final , which he did in the 111th minute against Sampdoria , 21 minutes into extra time , securing Barcelona 's first European trophy . The museum occupies 3,500 square meters and attracts 1.2 million visitors a year , ranking it second to the Museu Picasso , which attracts 1.3 million visitors , as the most visited museum in the city of Barcelona ." }, { "docid": "Eduardo_Manchón", "title": "", "text": "Eduardo Manchón Molina ( born 24 July 1930 in Barcelona , died there on 29 September 2010 ) was a Spanish footballer . The striker on the left wing belonged to the legendary `` Five Cups-Barça '' , which in 1952 won all five possible trophies . Between 1950 and 1957 he scored 88 goals in 201 games for FC Barcelona , who witnessed one of his most successful sections in this period . The left-footed , but could also conclude with the right , won twice the competition , four times the Spanish Cup and twice the Copa Eva Duarte and even the Latin Cup with the club ." }, { "docid": "Nostra_Catalunya_Trophy", "title": "", "text": "The Nostra Catalunya Trophy ( Torneig Nostra Catalunya ) was an annual pre-season football competition hosted by RCD Espanyol between 1974 and 1990 . The guests were the best Catalan teams of the previous season excluding Espanyol and FC Barcelona . The competition was a four team tournament and included two semi-finals and a final played before the Ciutat de Barcelona Trophy . For the first competition in 1974 , the four teams were Gimnàstic de Tarragona , Girona FC , UE Lleida and UE Sant Andreu ." }, { "docid": "Joan_Gamper_Trophy", "title": "", "text": "The Joan Gamper Trophy ( Trofeu Joan Gamper ) or Joan Gamper Cup is an annual friendly football competition held in August , before the start of FC Barcelona 's La Liga season . The competition is hosted by FC Barcelona at the Camp Nou stadium and is named in honour of Joan Gamper , a founding member , player , and later president of the club . The competition was inaugurated in 1966 by Enric Llaudet , one of Gamper 's successors as club president . The trophy itself is an 800 g silver cup with five micrometres of gold finishing , on top of a 10 kg marble plinth base . Initially , four teams participated in the competition , which featured two semi-finals , a third-place play-off , and a final . For the first competition in 1966 , Barcelona were joined by Belgium 's R.S.C. Anderlecht , France 's FC Nantes , and Germany 's FC Köln . Barcelona beat the German team 3 -- 1 in the final . Köln subsequently won the competition in 1978 and 1981 and were runners-up in 1979 , making them the only team , other than the hosts , to win the competition more than once . The next edition saw the first appearance of another Spanish team , Atlético Madrid , who along with the hosts , were joined by German side Bayern Munich , and Argentina 's Boca Juniors . The latter two clubs are among the most regular guests . Bayern were runners-up in 1984 , 1987 and 2006 , while Boca became the first of several South American guests to be invited and have since returned in 1977 , 1984 , 2003 and 2008 . The only non-European team to win the tournament was Brazil 's Internacional , in 1982 . Subsequent competitions have included teams from Italy 's Serie A , Germany 's Bundesliga . Other top-flight Spanish clubs have also occasionally been invited , including Tenerife and Valencia , who were winners in 1993 and 1994 , respectively . Since 1997 , the competition has only featured a one-off game , the tournament being shortened due to an increased fixture list and a shorter close season . If the match is tied after 90 minutes , no extra-time is played and the winner is decided by a penalty shoot-out ." }, { "docid": "Antoni_Ramallets", "title": "", "text": "Antoni Ramallets Simón ( 1 July 1924 -- 30 July 2013 ) was a Spanish footballer who played as a goalkeeper , and also a manager . He spent most of his career at FC Barcelona during the 1950s and early 1960s , winning the Zamora Trophy as the best goalkeeper in La Liga on five occasions , and 18 major club honours . Ramallets represented Spain in the 1950 World Cup and , in the 1960s , managed several clubs in his country , notably winning two major trophies with Zaragoza ." }, { "docid": "2013_Joan_Gamper_Trophy", "title": "", "text": "The 2013 Joan Gamper Trophy was the 48th edition of the Joan Gamper Trophy . Spanish side and hosts Barcelona faced Brazilian side Santos at the Camp Nou in Barcelona . This marked Barcelona 's biggest win in the Joan Gamper Trophy with an eight-goal advantage . Lionel Messi with one goal and one assist won the man of the match award for the first time ." }, { "docid": "2014–15_Copa_del_Rey_de_Balonmano", "title": "", "text": "The Copa del Rey de Balonmano 2014 -- 15 was the 40th edition of this tournament , organized by Liga ASOBAL . The tournament began on October 4 and 5 with the matches of the first round . FC Barcelona won its nineteenth Copa del Rey title after defeating BM Granollers 27 -- 26 in the Final . Further , with this win , FC Barcelona achieved a 2014 -- 15 season trophy record ( 7 ) , winning every trophy which they played : Liga ASOBAL , Copa del Rey , Copa ASOBAL , Supercopa ASOBAL , EHF Champions League , Superglobe and the Supercopa de Catalunya ." }, { "docid": "2016_Joan_Gamper_Trophy", "title": "", "text": "The 2016 Joan Gamper Trophy was the 51st edition of the Joan Gamper Trophy . Spanish side and hosts Barcelona faced Italian side Sampdoria at the Camp Nou in Barcelona . This marked Sampdoria 's third appearance in the Joan Gamper Trophy , after losing on penalties in 1997 and winning 1 -- 0 in 2012 . The match took place 24 years after Barcelona beat Sampdoria in the 1992 European Cup Final . Lionel Messi scored his 7th goal and collected his 3rd man of the match award , both records in the trophy 's history ." }, { "docid": "1902_Copa_de_la_Coronación", "title": "", "text": "The 1902 Copa de la Coronación was a football competition in honour of the coronation of Alfonso XIII of Spain . It was an unofficial competition , the Royal Spanish Football Federation do not recognize it as the first season of the Copa del Rey , which began the following year . The competition started on May 13 , 1902 , and concluded on May 16 , 1902 , with the Final , held at the Hipódromo in Madrid , in which Bizcaya lifted the trophy . The competition was thought up after Carlos Padrós , later president of Madrid FC , suggested a football competition to celebrate the coronation of Alfonso XIII . Four other teams joined Madrid for the first competition : FC Barcelona , Club Español de Foot-Ball , Bizcaya ( a combination of Athletic Club and Bilbao Football Club ) and New Foot-Ball Club . The competition featured the first recorded game between FC Barcelona and Madrid FC , with the former emerging 3 -- 1 winners . Bizcaya eventually beat FC Barcelona in the final ." }, { "docid": "2003_FC_Barcelona_Dragons_season", "title": "", "text": "The 2003 FC Barcelona Dragons season was the 11th and final season for the franchise in the NFL Europe League ( NFLEL ) . The team was led by head coach Jack Bicknell in his 11th year , and played its home games at Mini Estadi in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . They finished the regular season in fourth place with a record of five wins and five losses ." }, { "docid": "1902_Copa_de_la_Coronación_Final", "title": "", "text": "The 1902 Copa de la Coronación Final was the final of the Copa de la Coronación , the Spanish football cup competition . The match took place on 15 May 1902 at the Hipódromo , Madrid . The match was contested by Club Bizcaya and FC Barcelona , and it was refereed by Carlos Padrós . Club Bizcaya lifted the trophy for the first time with a 2 -- 1 victory over FC Barcelona ." }, { "docid": "2011–12_FC_Barcelona_season", "title": "", "text": "The 2011 -- 12 season was Futbol Club Barcelona 's 112th in existence and the club 's 81st consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football . Barcelona debuted their new and first paid shirt sponsor Qatar Foundation after an agreement was reached in 2010 with the non-profit organization for a five-and-a-half-year , $ 170 million deal . The agreement with UNICEF continued and their name had been moved to the lower back portion of the shirt . This season also introduced a new away kit in black while the third kit was retained from last season . Barcelona was unsuccessful in defending two major trophies . They ended the La Liga season as runners-up , nine points behind winners Real Madrid , who finished with 100 points having clinched the league title by defeating Athletic Bilbao 3 -- 0 on 2 May 2012 . Barcelona 's UEFA Champions League campaign ended in the semi-finals after a 2 -- 3 aggregate loss against eventual winners Chelsea . Pep Guardiola stepped down as manager at the conclusion of the season , which ended on a high as Barcelona won the Copa del Rey . Barcelona 's under-19 squad played in the inaugural tournament of the NextGen series . After finishing first in their group during the group stage , they were eliminated by Ajax in the quarter-finals of the tournament ." }, { "docid": "César_Rodríguez_Álvarez", "title": "", "text": "César Rodríguez Álvarez ( 6 July 1920 -- 1 March 1995 ) , sometimes known just as César , was a Spanish football forward and manager . During his career , which spanned more than two decades , he played mainly for FC Barcelona , appearing in 351 official games for the club and scoring 232 goals ( previously counted by the club as 235 ) , making him the highest goalscorer in the club 's history for several decades . He won five La Liga championships with the team , in a total of 13 major trophies , and was renowned for his ability to score from corners . After retiring César managed both Zaragoza and Barcelona , amongst several other professional teams . He represented Spain at the 1950 World Cup ." }, { "docid": "2004–05_FC_Barcelona_season", "title": "", "text": "The 2004-05 season saw Fútbol Club Barcelona end their six-year wait for the La Liga title , having not won the league or , indeed , any trophy since the 1998 -- 99 season and thus La Liga trophy returned in Barcelona 's trophy room . Having finished second in La Liga the previous season , Barcelona once again competed in the UEFA Champions League as well as the Copa del Rey . The squad was restructured significantly following the retirement of key players Luis Enrique and Marc Overmars , as well as the return of Edgar Davids to Juventus and first team regulars Patrick Kluivert and Phillip Cocu moving onto new clubs . Ronaldinho 's and new signing Samuel Eto'o 's performances won them places in FIFPro 's XI of 2004 -- 05 . Ronaldinho was later named FIFA World Player of the Year for 2005 for the second time in succession and with the highest points total ever ; Eto'o came third . This season was also notable for the debut of Lionel Messi ." }, { "docid": "Gaudí_Awards", "title": "", "text": "The Gaudí Awards , known in Catalan as Premis Gaudí , are the main film awards in the Catalan Countries , celebrated annually in Barcelona , Spain . The awards were established in 2009 by the Catalan Academy of Cinema as a continuation and expansion of the Barcelona Cinema Awards ( Premis Barcelona de Cinema ) , originally established in 2002 . The trophy was designed by Montse Ribé and is inspired by the chimneys of Antoni Gaudi 's la Pedrera ." }, { "docid": "List_of_FC_Barcelona_seasons", "title": "", "text": "FC Barcelona is a football club based in Barcelona , that competes in La Liga , the most senior football league in Spain . The club was formed in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Spanish men led by Joan Gamper , and played its first friendly match on 8 December 1899 . Initially Barcelona played against other local clubs in various Catalan tournaments , but in 1929 the club became one of the founding members of La Liga , Spain 's first truly national league . As of 2014 , Barcelona is one of only three clubs never to have been relegated from the top level of Spanish football , the others being Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid . Barcelona enjoyed a successful start in La Liga , winning the championship in the competition 's first season . In the period from 1919 to 1929 `` Barça '' won the Copa del Rey five times and the Campionat de Catalunya nine times . The club did not win the league again until 1945 . Three seasons earlier Barcelona had finished twelfth , which remains , as of 2013 , the club 's lowest finishing position . Barcelona won five trophies in the 1951 -- 52 season , becoming known as `` Barça of the Five Cups '' ( Catalan : el Barça de les Cinc Copes ) , and went on to win La Liga three times , the Copa del Rey five times and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup once during the 1950s . The club then entered a lean spell , however , with only two league titles between 1960 and 1990 . In 1988 , Johan Cruyff was appointed manager and assembled what would later be known as the `` Dream Team '' . In 1991 he led the club to its first league title for six years and repeated the feat the following season when the club also won the European Cup for the first time . In the 1993 -- 94 season , Barcelona won a fourth consecutive league title , edging out Deportivo de La Coruña on goal difference after the two clubs finished level on points . Newly elected president Joan Laporta 's appointment of Frank Rijkaard as coach and the signing of Ronaldinho in 2003 marked the beginning of another spell of sustained success . In 2005 Barcelona once again won the La Liga championship , and retained it the following season . In May 2006 Barcelona defeated Arsenal in the Champions League final , coming back from 0 -- 1 to win 2 -- 1 in the last fifteen minutes . Three years later , the club beat Manchester United 2 -- 0 in the 2009 Champions League final , having already won La Liga and the Copa del Rey that season , to become the first Spanish side to complete the treble . In December 2009 , Barcelona won the FIFA Club World Cup , having also won the Spanish and European Super Cups , thereby completing an `` unprecedented sextuple '' . The club has won the La Liga championship twenty-four times , the Copa del Rey twenty-nine times , the Copa de la Liga twice , the Supercopa de España twelve times , the Copa Eva Duarte three times , the European Cup five times , the Cup Winners ' Cup four times , the Fairs Cup three times , the European Super Cup five times and the FIFA Club World Cup three times . The table details the club 's achievements in the early regional championships and in all national and international first-team competitions for each completed season since the club 's formation in 1899 ." }, { "docid": "Camp_de_Les_Corts", "title": "", "text": "Camp de Les Corts ( -LSB- ˈkam də ɫəs ˈkorts -RSB- ) , commonly referred to as Les Corts , was a sports stadium in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . It was the home ground for FC Barcelona until the club moved to the Camp Nou in 1957 . It was also the home ground of CD Condal for the club 's entire history . Les Corts was built as a result of a long-term plan by the club president , Joan Gamper , to provide FC Barcelona with its own stadium . It replaced the Camp de la Indústria as the home of FC Barcelona . Inaugurated in 1922 , the initial capacity was 20,000 . The first game played at the ground was between FC Barcelona and St Mirren . On May 13 , 1923 , the stadium hosted the Copa del Rey final between Athletic Bilbao and CE Europa and on December 21 , 1924 , Les Corts hosted a game between Spain and Austria . On June 24 , 1925 , the stadium was the scene of an incident that saw it closed for six months . During a game , FC Barcelona fans jeered the Spanish national anthem and then applauded God Save the King , performed by a visiting British Royal Marine band . The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera accused Joan Gamper of promoting Catalan nationalism . Les Corts was shut down and Gamper was expelled from Spain . The stadium was the home of FC Barcelona during two of its most successful eras . During the 1920s with coach Jack Greenwell and players such as Paulino Alcántara , Sagibarba , Ricardo Zamora , Josep Samitier , Félix Sesúmaga and Franz Platko , the club dominated the Campionat de Catalunya and emerged as one of the top clubs in Spain . The club built on that success and also won the first ever La Liga while based at Les Corts . The club enjoyed another golden age during the 1940s and 1950s when players such as Ramallets , Velasco , César Rodrìguez , Joan Segarra , Ladislao Kubala and Luis Suárez saw the team win numerous trophies . By the late 1940s , FC Barcelona had outgrown Les Corts . The stadium had been extended on several occasions , reaching a final capacity of 60,000 . However , there was no room for further expansion and in 1950 the club began to make plans for a new stadium , the Camp Nou ." }, { "docid": "FC_Barcelona_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "FC Barcelona may refer to : FC Barcelona , a football club from Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain FC Barcelona B , the reserve team of FC Barcelona FC Barcelona C , was the second reserve team of FC Barcelona FC Barcelona ( women ) , the women 's football section FC Barcelona B ( women ) , the women 's football reserve team FC Barcelona Bàsquet , the men 's basketball section of FC Barcelona FC Barcelona Futsal , the futsal section of FC Barcelona FC Barcelona Handbol , the team handball section of FC Barcelona FC Barcelona Hoquei , the roller hockey section of FC Barcelona FC Barcelona Ice Hockey , the ice hockey section of FC Barcelona FC Barcelona Rugby , the rugby section of FC Barcelona UB-Barça , the women 's basketball section of FC Barcelona" }, { "docid": "Juan_Seminario", "title": "", "text": "Juan Roberto Seminario Rodríguez ( born 22 July 1936 in Piura , Peru ) is a retired Peruvian football player , recognized as one of Peru 's most important strikers . Nicknamed `` El Loco '' he is the only Zaragoza player to have won the `` Pichichi Trophy '' ( 1961 -- 62 La Liga ) . He played for several clubs , notably Spanish clubs Real Zaragoza and FC Barcelona , Sporting CP of Portugal , as well as Italian club Fiorentina . He also won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1965-66 with FC Barcelona ." }, { "docid": "History_of_FC_Barcelona", "title": "", "text": "The history of Futbol Club Barcelona goes from the football club 's founding in 1899 and up to current time . FC Barcelona , also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . The team was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Spanish footballers led by Joan Gamper . The club played amateur football until 1910 in various regional competitions . In 1910 , the club participated in their first of many European competitions , and has since amassed ten UEFA trophies and a sextuple . In 1928 , Barcelona co-founded La Liga , the top-tier in Spanish football , along with a string of other clubs . As of 2016 , Barcelona has never been relegated from La Liga , a record they share with Athletic Bilbao and arch-rival Real Madrid . The history of super Barcelona has often been political . Though it is a club created and run by foreigners , Barcelona gradually became a club associated with Catalan values . In Spain 's transition to autocracy in 1925 , Catalonia became increasingly hostile towards the central government in Madrid . The hostility enhanced Barcelona 's image as a focal point for Catalonism , and when Francisco Franco banned the use of the Catalan language , the stadium of Barcelona became one of the few places the people could express their dissatisfaction . The Spanish transition to democracy in 1978 has not dampened the club 's image of Catalan pride . In the 2000s -- a period of sporting success in the club and an increased focus on Catalan players -- club officials have openly called for Catalonia to become an independent state ." }, { "docid": "Francesc_Miró-Sans", "title": "", "text": "Francesc Miró-Sans i Casacuberta ( 1918 -- 1989 ) was a Spanish businessman and former president of FC Barcelona . Born in Barcelona , he led the Catalan club from 1953 to 1961 . A total of 6 trophies were won during his presidency . Miró-Sans was an entrepreneur in the textile industry . He was a board member of FC Barcelona president Enric Marti . After Martí had resigned due to the case Di Stefano , where the president under pressure from the regime of Francisco Francoto find a viable solution for the Argentinian 's situation , Barcelona acquired his playing rights from Club River Plate but he would only resume playing River Plate after the 1955 season due the enactment of the Lima pact , Real Madrid acquired his playing rights from Club Millonarios who owned his playing rights until the end of 1954 , since no viable solution was reached in act of resignation he ceded the Argentinian soccer star Alfredo di Stefano to the rival club Real Madrid . In 1953 Miro-Sans presented in the elections for president of FC Barcelona with the slogan We want a new stadium and will have ! . He found the old Camp de Les Corts too small for the growing status of the club . Miró-Sans won the elections on 23 December 1953 . After more than 3 years the Estadi del FC Barcelona Camp Nou was finally opened on 24 September 1957 . In 1958 , Miró-Sans was the first club president in history who was re-elected . Some of his decisions , led to criticism within the club . Ultimately , his position was untenable as president on 28 February 1961 and submitted his resignation Miro-Sans ." }, { "docid": "Deco", "title": "", "text": "Anderson Luís de Souza ( born 27 August 1977 ) , known as Deco , is a retired Brazilian-born Portuguese footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or central midfielder . Deco is one of the few players to have won the UEFA Champions League with two clubs -- FC Porto in 2004 and FC Barcelona in 2006 . He was named UEFA Club Footballer of the Year and UEFA Best Midfielder in Porto 's Champions League-winning season and was named Man of the Match in the 2003 -- 04 Champions League final . Deco was the first player to win the UEFA Best Midfielder Award with two clubs , Porto and Barcelona . He was awarded the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball and the Man of the Match award in the final despite losing to Internacional . Born and raised in Brazil , Deco received Portuguese citizenship in 2002 having completed five years of Portuguese residence , and subsequently opted to play internationally for the Portugal national football team . He earned 75 caps for them , playing at two European Championships and two World Cups , reaching the final of UEFA Euro 2004 , and achieving a fourth-place finish at the 2006 FIFA World Cup . Deco announced his retirement on 26 August 2013 , following a hamstring injury ." }, { "docid": "Trofeo_Ciudad_de_Sevilla", "title": "", "text": "Trofeo Ciudad de Sevilla was a summer friendly tournament , being held in the city of Seville , organized by the Municipality of that city , in collaboration with the two football clubs more representative of Seville - Sevilla FC and Real Betis . In the beginning there used to be three participating teams , but in the last years it has been a two-team tournament . The first edition was in 1972 and was won by Sevilla FC . In 1994 he played his sixteenth and final edition . Trofeo Ciudad de Sevilla held at Estadio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán owned by Sevilla FC and Estadio Benito Villamarín owned by Real Betis , celebrating the end of the tournament in a different stadium each edition . In 1992 , after seven years without organizing the tournament , and on the occasion of the Universal Exposition in Seville , played a special edition , which they took part Sevilla FC , Real Betis , FC Barcelona , Atlético Madrid , Vasco da Gama and FC Porto , which won the tournament . The trophy presented represents the most emblematic buildings and monuments of the city of Seville , La Giralda and the Torre del Oro . The trophy was different in each edition held ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Real_Madrid_C.F._seasons", "title": "", "text": "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol is a team who compete in La Liga . The club was formed in 1902 as Madrid Football Club , and played its first competitive match on 13 May 1902 , when it lost 3 -- 1 in the semi-final of the Campeonato de Copa de S.M. Alfonso XIII against FC Barcelona . Real Madrid played against other local clubs in various regional tournaments disputed from 1902 to 1940 . However , in 1929 the club became one of the founding members of La Liga , Spain 's first national league . As of 2014 , Real is one of only five clubs never to have been relegated from the top level of Spanish football , the others being Athletic Bilbao , FC Barcelona , Getafe and S.D. Eibar From 1902 to 1929 Real won the Copa del Rey five times and the regional championship 15 times . Real Madrid had a successful start in La Liga , finishing second in the competition 's first season , and winning the league in 1932 for the first time . In the 1947 -- 48 season , Real Madrid finished eleventh , which remains , as of 2014 , the club 's lowest finishing position . Real Madrid won La Liga four times and the European Cup five times during the 1950s . However , the most successful period for the club in terms of domestic titles was the 1960s , when Real Madrid won eight league championships . It is also the only Spanish football team to win five consecutive titles , a feat which it has achieved on two occasions ( 1960 -- 65 and 1985 -- 90 ) . Real Madrid first participated in European competition during the 1954 -- 55 La Liga season , when it played in the Latin Cup . It won its first European title , and the inaugural European Cup , during the 1955 -- 56 season . Real Madrid won the first five editions of the European Cup , and a further five times , the last of which was in 2014 . Its ten trophies is the record number of victories by any club . The club won the UEFA Cup during the 1984 -- 85 season and retained the trophy the following year . It won its first double of league championship and Copa in 1962 . Real Madrid is the most successful club in UEFA competitions , winning 19 . The club has won the La Liga championship 33 times , the Copa del Rey 19 times , the Copa de la Liga once , the Supercopa de España 10 times ( including Copa Eva Duarte ) , the European Cup eleven times , the UEFA Cup twice , the European Super Cup twice , the Intercontinental Cup three times and the FIFA Club World Cup once . The table details the club 's achievements in the early regional championships and in all national and international first-team competitions for each completed season since the club 's formation in 1902 ." }, { "docid": "1984–85_FIBA_European_Cup_Winner's_Cup", "title": "", "text": "The 1984 -- 85 FIBA European Cup Winner 's Cup was the nineteenth edition of FIBA 's competition for European basketball national cup champions , running from 2 October 1984 to 19 March 1985 . It was contested by 20 teams , four less than in the previous edition . FC Barcelona , runner-up in the 1983-1984 edition of the Spanish Cup was assigned the berth of the previous years winner , Real Madrid , who would participate in the season 's Champion Cup . In the final , held in Grenoble FC Barcelona defeated Žalgiris to win their first European trophy . It was the second title in a row for a Spanish team ." } ]
110045	The Great Buck Howard was directed by Ingmar Bergman.	[ { "docid": "The_Great_Buck_Howard", "title": "", "text": "The Great Buck Howard is a 2008 American comedy-drama film directed by Sean McGinly that stars Colin Hanks and John Malkovich . Tom Hanks also appears as the father of his real-life son 's character . The character Buck Howard is inspired by the mentalist The Amazing Kreskin , whose popularity was at its height in the 1970s . The film premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival on January 18 , 2008 . It is the first Walden Media film to be distributed by Magnolia Pictures ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Ingmar_Bergman_Makes_a_Movie", "title": "", "text": "Ingmar Bergman Makes a Movie ( Ingmar Bergman gör en film ) is a 1963 Swedish documentary film directed by Vilgot Sjöman which depicts the making of Ingmar Bergman 's film Winter Light from screenwriting to the film 's premiere and critical reaction . The film originally aired in five half-hour episodes on Swedish television . It has subsequently been included in a bonus disc of The Criterion Collection 's box set of Bergman 's `` trilogy , '' Through a Glass Darkly ( 1961 ) , Winter Light , and The Silence ( 1963 ) ." }, { "docid": "Daniel_Bergman", "title": "", "text": "Daniel Sebastian Bergman ( -LSB- ˈbɜrɡmən -RSB- Swedish : -LSB- ˈbærːjman -RSB- born 7 September 1962 ) is a Swedish film director . He is the son of Ingmar Bergman and Käbi Laretei . As a child , Bergman appeared in a 1967 Swedish program called Stimulantia , which consisted of eight episodes , one of which was directed by his father Ingmar . The short , 16-minute film focuses on the first two years of Daniel 's life . His mother Käbi is also seen . Bergman directed an episode of the Swedish horror series Chock , with Ernst-Hugo Järegård . Bergman 's independent ability as a director was seen as compromised following the 1992 film Sunday 's Child , which he directed with his father providing the screenplay . The film was seen in Swedish reviews as an attempt by Ingmar to boost the career of his son ." }, { "docid": "Ingmar_Bergman_Award", "title": "", "text": "The Ingmar Bergman Award was a Swedish film award , distributed between 1978 and 2007 . It was instituted by legendary Swedish film director Ingmar Bergman , as a complement to the Guldbagge Awards . The jury consisted of Ingmar Bergman and the CEO of the Swedish Film Institute . The recipients were awarded a bronze plaque , depicting Bergman 's face , and a sum of money . The award was first presented at the 14th Guldbagge Awards , and continued until Bergman 's death in 2007 ." }, { "docid": "Ingmar_Bergman_filmography", "title": "", "text": "Ingmar Bergman was a Swedish screenwriter and film director . Between 1944 and 2003 he directed more than 40 feature films and wrote many screenplays for others . He was also a playwright and simultaneously worked extensively in theatre ." }, { "docid": "Autumn_Sonata", "title": "", "text": "Autumn Sonata ( Höstsonaten , Herbstsonate ) is a 1978 Swedish drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Ingrid Bergman , Liv Ullmann and Lena Nyman . The movie tells the story of a celebrated classical pianist who is confronted by her neglected daughter . It was Ingrid Bergman 's last performance in a major theatrical feature film . Autumn Sonata was Ingmar Bergman 's last film made for the cinema ; all his films from this point , even those which received theatrical release , were television productions . It is generally well-regarded by critics ." }, { "docid": "Ingmar_Bergman_bibliography", "title": "", "text": "A list of books and essays about Ingmar Bergman : Bergman , Ingmar Bibliography" }, { "docid": "Jonas_Malmsjö", "title": "", "text": "Carl Jonas Love Malmsjö ( born September 2 , 1971 ) is a Swedish actor who has worked in theatre , TV and radio ; he is the son of Swedish actor Jan Malmsjö and the Swedish actress Marie Göranzon . Apart from his work in his native Sweden , which has included a starring role in the TV series Labyrint , he has been in several productions directed by Ingmar Bergman at the Brooklyn Academy of Music . He was also cast as Skorpa of the White Horse , a Viking warlord in the second half of The Last Kingdom , a BBC adaptation of the first two books in Bernard Cornwell 's The Saxon Stories series of historical novels . He also contributed the voice of Ingmar Bergman in the Sparks musical , The Seduction of Ingmar Bergman ." }, { "docid": "Erik_Bergman_(Lutheran_minister)", "title": "", "text": "Erik Henrik Fredrik Bergman ( 22 October 1886 -- 26 April 1970 ) was a Swedish parish minister of the Lutheran Church and the father of diplomat Dag Bergman , novelist Margareta Bergman , and film director Ingmar Bergman . Erik Bergman was born at Mörbylånga in Kalmar County in 1886 . He was ordained to the Swedish State Church in Uppsala in 1912 and served as a priest in Valbo as of 1913 . In 1918 he was relocated to Stockholm and served as a minister at Hedvig Eleonora Church , where he became the parish vicar in 1934 . In that capacity he also served as a royal chaplain to the Swedish royal court . He was married to nurse Karin Åkerblom , his second cousin . Bergman wrote an autobiography for his daughter Margareta in 1941 . Ingmar Bergman later consulted it to write the semi-biographical script about his parents ' complex courtship in The Best Intentions ( 1992 ) , a story that includes the unhappy early years of their marriage up to the point where the mother is pregnant with her second son , effectively Ingmar himself . Erik Bergman was a rather strict father and his complex relationship with his son is a somber theme in Ingmar Bergman films , such as Fanny and Alexander . Erik Bergman died in Stockholm in 1970 ." }, { "docid": "Winter_Light", "title": "", "text": "Winter Light ( Nattvardsgästerna -- `` The Communicants '' ) is a 1963 Swedish drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Bergman regulars Gunnar Björnstrand , Ingrid Thulin and Max von Sydow . The film follows Tomas Ericsson ( Björnstrand ) , pastor of a small rural Swedish church , as he deals with an existential crisis and his Christianity . The film is the second in a series of thematically related films , following Through a Glass Darkly ( 1961 ) and followed by The Silence ( 1963 ) , which is sometimes considered a trilogy . Vilgot Sjöman 's film Ingmar Bergman Makes a Movie was made simultaneously with Winter Light and documents its production ." }, { "docid": "Ingmar_Bergman", "title": "", "text": "Ernst Ingmar Bergman ( -LSB- ˈɪŋmar ˈbærjman -RSB- ; 14 July 1918 -- 30 July 2007 ) was a Swedish director , writer , and producer who worked in film , television , theatre and radio . He is recognized as one of the most accomplished and influential auteurs of all time , and is most famous for films such as The Seventh Seal ( 1957 ) , Wild Strawberries ( 1957 ) , Persona ( 1966 ) , Cries and Whispers ( 1972 ) and Fanny and Alexander ( 1982 ) . Also well-regarded are works such as Winter Light ( 1963 ) , The Silence ( 1963 ) , and Scenes from a Marriage ( 1973 ) . Bergman directed over sixty films and documentaries for cinematic release and for television , most of which he also wrote . He also directed over 170 plays . From 1953 he forged a powerful creative partnership with his full-time cinematographer Sven Nykvist . Among his company of actors were Harriet and Bibi Andersson , Liv Ullmann , Gunnar Björnstrand , Erland Josephson , Ingrid Thulin and Max von Sydow . Most of his films were set in Sweden , and numerous films from Through a Glass Darkly ( 1961 ) onward were filmed on the island of Fårö . His work often dealt with death , illness , faith , betrayal , bleakness and insanity . Philip French referred to Bergman as `` one of the greatest artists of the 20th century -LSB- ... -RSB- he found in literature and the performing arts a way of both recreating and questioning the human condition . '' Mick LaSalle argued , `` Like Virginia Woolf and James Joyce in literature , Ingmar Bergman strove to capture and illuminate the mystery , ecstasy and fullness of life , by concentrating on individual consciousness and essential moments . His achievement is unsurpassed . ''" }, { "docid": "It_Rains_on_Our_Love", "title": "", "text": "It Rains on Our Love ( Det regnar på vår kärlek ) is a 1946 Swedish drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman . The screenplay was written by Herbert Grevenius and Bergman , based on the Norwegian play Bra Mennesker ( Good People ) by Oskar Braaten . It Rains on Our Love is the first film directed by Bergman to include actor Gunnar Björnstrand in a credited role ( he also had a credited role in Bergman 's screenwriting debut Torment ( 1944 ) ) . Björnstrand would go on to act in nearly twenty of Bergman 's films ." }, { "docid": "The_Best_Intentions", "title": "", "text": "The Best Intentions ( Den goda viljan ) is a 1992 Swedish dramatic film directed by Bille August and written by Ingmar Bergman . It is semi-autobiographical , telling the story of the complex relationship between Bergman 's parents , Erik Bergman and Karin Åkerblom , who are renamed Henrik and Anna in the film but retain their true surnames . The film documents the courtship and the difficult early years of their marriage , until the point when Anna becomes pregnant with their second son , who corresponds to Ingmar himself . At the time , it was one of the most expensive Swedish films ever made . The film is a condensed version of a four-part Swedish television miniseries that aired in December 1991 . It won the Palme d'Or at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Karin's_Face", "title": "", "text": "Karin 's Face ( Swedish title : Karins ansikte ) is a 14-minute film directed by Ingmar Bergman focusing on Bergman 's mother , Karin . The film consists of still photos of Bergman 's mother and other family members shown over a simple piano score by Bergman 's former wife , Käbi Laretei , with no narration . It was photographed by Bergman 's longtime collaborator and neighbour , Arne Carlsson . It was completed in 1983 but first publicly shown at Swedish Television 29 September 1986 ." }, { "docid": "Eva_(1948_film)", "title": "", "text": "Eva is a 1948 Swedish drama film directed by Gustaf Molander and written by Ingmar Bergman . It was adapted from Bergman 's short story `` Trumpetaren och vår herre '' ." }, { "docid": "Reza_Parsa", "title": "", "text": "Reza Parsa is a Swedish film director . At the age of 22 he was admitted to the 4-year directing program at the National Film School of Denmark ( 1991 -- 95 ) and directed the most award winning ( 11 awards ) graduation film , Never ( Gränsen ) , in the history of the school . To date Reza Parsa has won more than 30 national and international awards , including the Ingmar Bergman Award , the Student Academy Award ( Student Oscar ) and prizes in Cannes Film Festival , Brasília , Seattle , Chicago and San Sebastian . Before the Storm Parsa 's first feature film , is a suspense thriller which has achieved great critical success and has been sold to 35 countries worldwide , incl . United States . Reza Parsa and his screenwriter Johan Bergman Lindfors , both based in Sweden , are now preparing Parsa 's next feature film ." }, { "docid": "Faithless_(2000_film)", "title": "", "text": "Faithless ( Trolösa ) is a Swedish film directed by Liv Ullman from a script by Ingmar Bergman . The story is loosely based on experiences of adultery from Bergman 's own life . It was entered into the 2000 Cannes Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Ingrid_von_Rosen", "title": "", "text": "Ingrid von Rosen ( sometimes cited as Ingrid Bergman ; 17 January 1930 -- 20 May 1995 ) was married to Swedish film director Ingmar Bergman . Born Ingrid Karlebo in Stockholm in 1930 , she was married to the Swedish count Jan-Carl von Rosen in 1953 . In 1971 she married Ingmar Bergman . Ingrid von Rosen died of stomach cancer in 1995 , aged 65 . Her diary is a part of the biographical work Tre dagböcker ( literally : Three diaries ) published in 2004 by Ingmar Bergman and their daughter , author Maria von Rosen . The biography consists of their respective diary entries written around the time Ingrid von Rosen died , after a 24-year marriage to Bergman . In the foreword to the book , Bergman writes that he met Ingrid von Rosen in 1957 and had an on-and-off affair with her until 1969 . During that period , Bergman went through two marriages , with Gun Grut and Käbi Laretei . He also had an affair with actress Liv Ullmann . Maria von Rosen was born in 1959 , the same year Bergman divorced Grut and married Laretei . Ingmar Bergman did not tell Maria he was her father until she was 22 , he writes in the biography . When he married Ingrid von Rosen in 1971 , he had been married four times , and had eight other children , including a daughter with Liv Ullmann . Before publishing the book in 2004 , he never publicly revealed that he was Maria 's father . On 20 August 2007 , her four children requested to have her grave and remains moved from the original site ( Roslagsbro ) to share a plot with her husband on Fårö . Applications to move graves are rare in Sweden , with fewer than ten applications granted each year . The request was granted on 24 October 2007 and the spousal couple 's graves were brought together by the end of May 2008 . The top line of the tombstone inscription reads `` Ingrid Bergman '' , rather than `` Ingrid von Rosen Bergman '' ." }, { "docid": "All_These_Women", "title": "", "text": "All These Women ( För att inte tala om alla dessa kvinnor ) , originally released as Now About These Women in the UK , is a 1964 Swedish comedy film directed by Ingmar Bergman . It is a parody of Fellini 's 8 1/2 . Along with Smiles of a Summer Night , the film is one of the few comedy films ever made by Bergman . It was Bergman 's first film to be shot in colour . Late critic Roger Ebert wrote that it was `` the worst film he -LSB- Bergman -RSB- has ever made '' ." }, { "docid": "Sunday's_Children", "title": "", "text": "Sunday 's Children ( Söndagsbarn ) is a 1992 Swedish drama film directed by Daniel Bergman and written by Ingmar Bergman . At the 28th Guldbagge Awards the film won the award for Best Cinematography ( Tony Forsberg ) and Thommy Berggren was nominated for Best Actor ." }, { "docid": "Brink_of_Life", "title": "", "text": "Brink of Life , ( Nära livet , and known as So Close to Life in the UK ) is a 1958 Swedish drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman . Bergman won the Best Director Award and Anderson , Dahlbeck , Ornäs and Thulin won the Best Actress Award at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Klaus_Härö", "title": "", "text": "Klaus Härö ( born 31 March 1971 in Porvoo , Finland ) is a Finnish film director . In 2004 , Härö won Finland 's State Prize for Art . He studied directing and attended screen writing seminars at the University of Industrial Arts in Helsinki . He has directed several feature films , including : Elina : As If I Was n't There ( 2003 ) , Mother of Mine ( 2005 ) and The New Man ( 2007 ) , Letters to Father Jacob ( 2009 ) and The Fencer ( 2015 ) , as well as documentaries and short films . His films have won more than 60 prizes in festivals all over the world , and they have been successful with both critics and audiences . He works in both Sweden and Finland . In 2003 Klaus Härö was awarded the Ingmar Bergman prize , the winner of which is chosen by Ingmar Bergman himself . Four of Härö 's features were chosen as Finland 's submission for the best foreign-language film category at the Oscars ." }, { "docid": "A_Ship_Bound_for_India", "title": "", "text": "A Ship Bound for India ( Skepp till Indialand ) is a 1947 Swedish film directed by Ingmar Bergman . It was originally released as A Ship to India in the United Kingdom and Frustration in the United States . The screenplay was written by Bergman , based on the play by Martin Söderhjelm . The film was entered into the 1947 Cannes Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Birgitta_Valberg", "title": "", "text": "Birgitta Valberg ( 16 December 1916 -- 29 March 2014 ) was a Swedish actress . She was best known for her work in several Ingmar Bergman films made over a 30-year period , including the Bergman produced Paradise Place ( 1977 ) . For her role in this film , which was directed by Gunnel Lindblom , another member of Bergman 's repertory company , she won the award for Best Actress at the 13th Guldbagge Awards . She trained at the Dramatens elevskola ." }, { "docid": "Hour_of_the_Wolf", "title": "", "text": "Hour of the Wolf ( Swedish : Vargtimmen ) is a 1968 Swedish surrealist -- psychological horror -- drama film , directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Max von Sydow and Liv Ullmann . Although Hour of the Wolf is seldom listed among Bergman 's major works by critics , it was ranked one of the 50 greatest films ever made in a 2012 directors ' poll by the British Film Institute . The film is followed by Bergman 's thematically-related films Shame ( 1968 ) and The Passion of Anna ( 1969 ) ." }, { "docid": "Crisis_(1946_film)", "title": "", "text": "Crisis ( Kris ) is a 1946 Swedish film directed by Ingmar Bergman . The film was Bergman 's first feature as director and he also wrote the screenplay , based on the Danish radio play Moderhjertet ( translated as The Mother Animal , A Mother 's Heart , The Mother Creature , and The Maternal Instinct ) by Leck Fischer ." }, { "docid": "Dreams_(1955_film)", "title": "", "text": "Dreams ( Kvinnodröm ) is a 1955 Swedish drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman ." }, { "docid": "Prison_(1949_film)", "title": "", "text": "Prison ( Fängelse ) is a 1949 Swedish drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman ." }, { "docid": "Rabies_(1958_film)", "title": "", "text": "Rabies is a 1958 Swedish television drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman ." }, { "docid": "The_Venetian_(film)", "title": "", "text": "The Venetian ( Venetianskan ) is a 1958 Swedish television drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman ." }, { "docid": "Sawdust_and_Tinsel", "title": "", "text": "Sawdust and Tinsel ( Gycklarnas afton ) is a 1953 Swedish drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman ." } ]
123436	John McEnroe is famous for his aggressive behavior on the court.	[ { "docid": "John_McEnroe", "title": "", "text": "John Patrick McEnroe Jr. ( born February 16 , 1959 ) is an American former World No. 1 professional tennis player , often rated among the greatest players of all time in the sport , especially for his touch on the volley . He won seven Grand Slam singles titles ( three at Wimbledon and four at the US Open ) , nine Grand Slam men 's doubles titles , and one Grand Slam mixed doubles title . He also won a record eight year-end championships , 19 Grand Prix Super Series titles , and finished his career with 77 ATP-listed singles titles and 78 in doubles . McEnroe is known for his shot-making artistry and volleying skills ; for his rivalries with Björn Borg , Jimmy Connors and Ivan Lendl ; and for his confrontational on-court behavior , which frequently landed him in trouble with umpires and tennis authorities . In 1981 , 1983 and 1984 he was both the ATP player of the year and the ITF World Champion for Men 's singles . His match record of 82 -- 3 in 1984 remains the best single season win rate of the Open Era . McEnroe is a former Captain of the United States Davis Cup team and as a player was part of five Cup-winning teams . He continues to play tennis and competes in senior events on the ATP Champions Tour . He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1999 and received the Philippe Chatrier Award in 2007 . After his tennis career he became a television commentator , a game show host and a chat show host . Additionally , he has appeared in several films and television shows as himself and has played music live . He has been married since 1997 to musician and former Scandal lead singer Patty Smyth ; they have six children between them ( two together ) ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Borg–McEnroe_rivalry", "title": "", "text": "The tennis players Björn Borg and John McEnroe met 14 times on the regular tour and 22 times in total , with their on-court rivalry highlighted by their contrasting temperaments and styles . Borg was known for his cool and emotionless demeanor on court , while McEnroe was famed for his court-side tantrums . Their rivalry extended between 1978 and 1981 , with each player winning seven times against the other . Because of their contrasting personalities , their rivalry was described as `` Fire and Ice '' . In 1980 McEnroe reached the men 's singles final at Wimbledon for the first time , where he faced Borg , who was aiming for an Open Era record fifth consecutive Wimbledon title . At the start of the final McEnroe was booed by the crowd as he entered Centre Court following his heated exchanges with officials during his semi-final clash with Jimmy Connors . In a fourth set tie-breaker that lasted 20 minutes , McEnroe saved five match points ( seven altogether in that set ) and eventually won 18 -- 16 . However , he was unable to break Borg 's serve in the fifth set and the Swede went on to win 8 -- 6 . This match is widely considered one of the greatest tennis matches ever played . McEnroe exacted his revenge by defeating Borg at the US Open final the same year in five sets . In 1981 McEnroe returned to Wimbledon and again faced Borg in the men 's singles final . This time it was the American who prevailed and defeated Borg to end the Swede 's run of 41 straight match victories at the All England Club . At the US Open in the same season , McEnroe was again victorious , winning in four sets , afterwards Borg walked off the court and out of the stadium before the ceremonies and press conference had begun . Borg retired shortly afterwards , having never won the US Open despite reaching four finals . Their final confrontation came in 1983 in Tokyo at the Suntory Cup ( invitational tournament ) , with Borg prevailing 6 -- 4 , 2 -- 6 , 6 -- 2 . In March 2006 , when Bonhams Auction House in London announced that it would auction Borg 's Wimbledon trophies and two of his winning rackets on 21 June 2006 , McEnroe called from New York and told Borg , `` What 's up ? Have you gone mad ? '' The conversation with McEnroe , paired with pleas from Jimmy Connors and Andre Agassi , eventually persuaded Borg to buy out the trophies from Bonhams at an undisclosed amount ." }, { "docid": "1979_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Jimmy Connors was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to John McEnroe . Connors ' loss broke a string of five consecutive men 's finals reached , a record since broken by Ivan Lendl . During the second round Ilie Nastase was defaulted from his match against John McEnroe . The umpire had docked Nastase a point in third set and then a game in the fourth for arguing and stalling . A near riot followed as the crowd disagreed with the umpire 's decision , by throwing bear cans and cups on court . The match was eventually restarted with the umpire being replaced before McEnroe ran out the winner . John McEnroe defeated Vitas Gerulaitis 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 3 in the final to win the Men 's Singles tennis title at the 1979 US Open ." }, { "docid": "Borg_vs._McEnroe", "title": "", "text": "Borg vs. McEnroe is an upcoming Swedish biographical film focusing on the famous rivalry between famous tennis players Björn Borg and John McEnroe at the 1980 Wimbledon Championships . The film is directed by Janus Metz Pedersen , from a screenplay written by Ronnie Sandahl , and stars Sverrir Gudnason , Shia LaBeouf , Stellan Skarsgård , Tuva Novotny , and Robert Emms ." }, { "docid": "John_McEnroe_Tennis_Academy", "title": "", "text": "The John McEnroe Tennis Academy ( JMTA ) is a tennis academy founded by tennis Hall of Famer John McEnroe in New York City . The Academy was founded in September 2010 , on a 20-court ( 10 deco turf , 10 clay courts ) $ 18 million tennis complex , designed by Ricardo Zurita , on Randalls Island in Manhattan . McEnroe launched the Academy in collaboration with Claude Okin , managing partner of Sportime New York . McEnroe 's teaching philosophy emphasizes short intense periods of tennis training balanced by plenty of time pursuing other sports and activities . Alumni include Noah Rubin , who won the Boys ' Singles tournament at Wimbledon in July 2014 , and the 2014 U.S. Tennis Association 's Boys 18s National Championships in both singles and doubles the following month , is a product of the Academy . In September 2014 , Rubin was ranked the No. 1 Division 1 college freshman by the Intercollegiate Tennis Association ( ITA ) while playing for Wake Forest University , and sophomore Jamie Loeb -- another product of the Academy -- was named the No. 1 Division 1 female college player while playing for University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ." }, { "docid": "Aggressive_Behavior_(journal)", "title": "", "text": "Aggressive Behavior is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research pertaining to aggression in , among other fields , psychology , anthropology , and sociology . It was established in 1974 and is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the International Society for Research on Aggression , of which it is the official journal . The editor-in-chief is John Archer ( University of Central Lancashire ) . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 2.469 ." }, { "docid": "John_McEnroe_career_statistics", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of the main career statistics of former tennis player John McEnroe . McEnroe won a total of 155 ATP titles ( a record for a male professional ) during his career -- 77 in singles , 78 in men 's doubles , and 1 in mixed doubles ( not counted as ATP title ) . He won seven Grand Slam singles titles . He also won a record eight year end championship titles overall , the Masters championships three times , and the WCT Finals , a record five times.His career singles match record was 875 -- 198 ( 81.55 % ) . He posted the best single-season match record ( for a male player ) in the Open Era with win-loss record : 82 -- 3 ( 96.5 % ) set in 1984 and has the best carpet court career match winning percentage : 84.18 % ( 411 -- 65 ) of any player . According to the ATP website , McEnroe had the edge in career matches on Jimmy Connors ( 20 -- 14 ) , Stefan Edberg ( 7 -- 6 ) , Mats Wilander ( 7 -- 6 ) , Michael Chang ( 4 -- 1 ) , Ilie Năstase ( 4 -- 2 ) , and Pat Cash ( 3 -- 1 ) . McEnroe was even with Björn Borg ( 7 -- 7 ) , Andre Agassi ( 2 -- 2 ) , and Michael Stich ( 1 -- 1 ) . He trailed against Pete Sampras ( 0 -- 3 ) , Goran Ivanišević ( 2 -- 4 ) , Boris Becker ( 2 -- 8 ) , Guillermo Vilas ( 5 -- 6 ) , Jim Courier ( 1 -- 2 ) , and Ivan Lendl ( 15 -- 21 ) . McEnroe won 12 of the last 14 matches with Connors , beginning with the 1983 Cincinnati tournament . Edberg won the last 5 matches with McEnroe , beginning with the 1989 tournament in Tokyo . McEnroe won 4 of the last 5 matches with Vilas , beginning with the 1981 tournament in Boca Raton , Florida . And Lendl won 11 of the last 12 matches with McEnroe , beginning with the 1985 US Open . McEnroe , however , played in numerous events , including invitational tournaments , that are not covered by the ATP website . McEnroe won eight of those events and had wins and losses against the players listed in the preceding paragraph that are not reflected on the ATP website ." }, { "docid": "You_Cannot_Be_Serious", "title": "", "text": "You Can not Be Serious ( ISBN 0-425-19008-0 in the USA , Serious ISBN 0-7515-3454-4 in the UK ) is a book written by the world 's former # 1 tennis player John McEnroe ( with James Kaplan ) . McEnroe details life behind the scenes on the tennis tour as well as giving the reader a very candid look at his personal life and struggles . The book made it to the top of the New York Times bestseller list . The hardcover edition was published by G.P. Putnam 's Sons in 2002 , with the paperback being released a year later by The Berkley Publishing Group in the USA , and by Time Warner in the UK . The name of the book comes from McEnroe 's famous outburst `` You can not be serious ! '' from his match against Tom Gullikson at the 1981 Wimbledon Championships ." }, { "docid": "Showdown_of_Champions", "title": "", "text": "Four Tennis Champions From Two Eras : Roger Federer , James Blake , John McEnroe and Björn Borg . The format of events was an extravaganza of challenge matches at the 12,000 seat Putra Stadium in Bukit Jalil , Kuala Lumpur on Tuesday , November 18 , 2008 . One set between Borg and McEnroe followed by one set between Federer and James Blake , and a final doubles set with Federer and Borg against McEnroe and Blake . Federer rallied from 3-1 down against Blake to win 7-6 , taking the tiebreaker 10-7 . John McEnroe won the battle of the old timers when he beat former arch-rival Björn Borg 7-6 ( 13-11 ) . For Borg and McEnroe , both sporting grey hair , it was a walk down memory lane , revisiting the highs and lows of their bitter rivalry , typified by the 1980 Wimbledon final won by Borg in five gruelling sets . McEnroe played to the crowd , making fun of himself , only occasionally glaring at the linesman or umpire and throwing his racquet just twice . In spite of being 52 , Borg showed he had n't lost his touch , still exhibiting some sublime passing shots that left 49-year-old McEnroe grudgingly nodding his approval . `` He was my great rival and I knew it would be close , '' said McEnroe . Borg added : `` Playing John is always special for me . It was a great rivalry and playing him again brings back some great memories . '' Federer then teamed up with Borg for the first time ever to play a set against McEnroe and Blake in an event that featured players who have won 31 Grand Slam titles between them . Doubles match was won by James Blake and John McEnroe 7-5 ." }, { "docid": "1980_U.S._Indoor_National_Championships", "title": "", "text": "The 1980 U.S. National Indoor Championships was a men 's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Racquet Club of Memphis in Memphis , Tennessee in the United States . The event was part of the Grand Prix circuit . It was the 11th edition of the tournament in the open era and was held from February 25 through March 3 , 1980 . First-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title and $ 40,000 first-prize money . As a result of his title win McEnroe overtook Björn Borg as the ATP world no. 1 ranked player ." }, { "docid": "1979_U.S._Clay_Court_Championships_–_Men's_Doubles", "title": "", "text": "Gene Mayer returned with John McEnroe to defend the title he had won with Hank Pfister . Top-seeds Mayer and McEnroe defeated No. 2 pair Jan Kodeš and Tomáš Šmíd in the final for a prize of $ 9,200 ." }, { "docid": "On_Aggression", "title": "", "text": "On Aggression ( Das sogenannte Böse zur Naturgeschichte der Aggression ) is a 1963 book by the ethologist Konrad Lorenz ; it was translated into English in 1966 . As he writes in the prologue , `` the subject of this book is aggression , that is to say the fighting instinct in beast and man which is directed against members of the same species . '' ( Page 3 ) According to Lorenz , animals , particularly males , are biologically programmed to fight over resources . This behavior must be considered part of natural selection , as aggression leading to death or serious injury may eventually lead to extinction unless it has such a role . However , Lorenz does not state that aggressive behaviors are in any way more powerful , prevalent , or intense than more peaceful behaviors such as mating rituals . Rather , he negates the categorization of aggression as `` contrary '' to `` positive '' instincts like love , depicting it as a founding basis of other instincts and its role in animal communication . Additionally , Lorenz addresses behavior in humans , including discussion of a `` hydraulic '' model of emotional or instinctive pressures and their release , shared by Freud , and the abnormality of intraspecies violence and killing . His ` hydraulic ' model , of aggression as a force that builds relentlessly without cause unless released , remains less popular than a model in which aggression is a response to frustrated desires and aims . __ NOTOC __" }, { "docid": "Modified_Overt_Aggression_Scale", "title": "", "text": "The Modified Overt Aggression Scale ( MOAS ) is a four-part behavior rating scale designed to measure four types of aggressive behavior as witnessed in the past week . Each section consists of five questions , with the first section regarding verbal aggression , the second section focusing on aggression against property , the third section measuring autoaggression , and the fourth section concerning physical aggression . Respondents are asked to check whether each statement describes the child 's behavior over the previous week . The MOAS was originally intended for use by physicians in a clinical setting , but parents may also use it to track aggressive behaviors in their children over time . It is particularly helpful in assessing aggressive behaviors in patients with traumatic brain injury ( TBIs ) . The scores of the scale have shown good reliability and validity across multiple different study samples" }, { "docid": "Patrick_McEnroe", "title": "", "text": "Patrick John McEnroe ( born July 1 , 1966 ) is a former professional tennis player and the former captain of the United States Davis Cup team . Born in Manhasset , New York , he is the younger brother of John McEnroe . He won one singles title and 16 doubles titles , including the 1989 French Open Men 's Doubles . His career-high rankings were World No. 28 in singles and World No. 3 in doubles ." }, { "docid": "Aggression", "title": "", "text": "Aggression is overt , often harmful , social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other unpleasantness upon another individual . It may occur either in retaliation or without provocation . In humans , frustration due to blocked goals can cause aggression . Human aggression can be classified into direct and indirect aggression , whilst the first is characterized by physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm to someone , the second one is characterized by a behavior intended to harm social relations of an individual or a group . In definitions commonly used in the social sciences and behavioral sciences , aggression is a response by an individual that delivers something unpleasant to another person . Some definitions include that the individual must intend to harm another person . Predatory or defensive behavior between members of different species may not be considered aggression in the same sense . Aggression can take a variety of forms , which may be expressed physically , or communicated verbally or non-verbally : including anti-predator aggression , defensive aggression ( fear-induced ) , predatory aggression , dominance aggression , inter-male aggression , resident-intruder aggression , maternal aggression , species-specific aggression , sex-related aggression , territorial aggression , isolation-induced aggression , irritable aggression , and brain-stimulation-induced aggression ( hypothalamus ) . There are two subtypes of human aggression : ( 1 ) controlled-instrumental subtype ( purposeful or goal-oriented ) ; and ( 2 ) reactive-impulsive subtype ( often elicits uncontrollable actions that are inappropriate or undesirable ) . Aggression differs from what is commonly called assertiveness , although the terms are often used interchangeably among laypeople ( as in phrases such as `` an aggressive salesperson '' ) ." }, { "docid": "McEnroe_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "McEnroe was a talk show on CNBC hosted by tennis player John McEnroe . It was broadcast July 7 , 2004 through December 15 , 2004 . The show debuted on July 7 , 2004 . McEnroe 's sidekick was John Fugelsang . The show was panned by critics right from its debut , and in August 2004 , it was reported that the show had twice garnered a Nielsen rating of 0.0 . On December 3 , 2004 , CNBC executives sent a memo to network employees saying the show was being canceled . McEnroe was given the option of stopping production immediately or allowing the show to go two more weeks . McEnroe decided to let the show last two more weeks to give the behind-the-scenes workers more work before the show went off-air . The last episode aired on December 15 , 2004 . During the time after the report of the 0.0 rating came up , which was during the two-week break the show took for CNBC 's coverage of the 2004 Summer Olympics , Woody Fraser was brought in to be the executive producer to try to save the show , using his powers to try things like making McEnroe dress more professionally by wearing suits and ties , and having Fugelsang less involved , but to no avail . The show was taped at CNBC 's New Jersey studio , and tapings began at about 2 p.m. . The show aired Monday through Thursday on the network . McEnroe 's wife , Patty Smyth , sang the show 's theme song ." }, { "docid": "Tristan_Nancarrow", "title": "", "text": "Tristan Nancarrow is a former Australian professional squash player . Tristan is part of a famous Squash family ; his step-father Cam Nancarrow and mother Mavis Nancarrow were both leading players in late 1960 's and early 1970 's . Tristan himself became a leading player in the early 1990s reaching a world ranking of five in January 1993 . As a young boy , he lived near Sydney and was at the Harbord Primary School , Northern Beaches , Sydney NSW and Manly Boys High School . In 1984 , at the age of 20 , he won the national Australian open title . He finished runner-up at the Hong-Kong Open in 1986 ( lost to Rodney Martin ) and 1991 ( lost to Jansher Khan ) . He represented Australia in the 1993 World Team Squash Championships but is arguably remembered more for the fact that he was considered the John McEnroe of squash . In September 1989 just three months after a three-month ban imposed after the British Open Squash Championships he walked off court during a match against Jansher Khan . In April 1993 he was suspended for a third time following a string of disciplinary offences . He now builds and refurbishes tennis courts ." }, { "docid": "McEnroe", "title": "", "text": "McEnroe may refer to : McEnroe ( surname ) John McEnroe , tennis player McEnroe ( TV series ) , 2004 chat show hosted by the tennis player Mcenroe ( rapper ) , stage name of Rod Bailey , Canadian rapper" }, { "docid": "1993_Paris_Open_–_Doubles", "title": "", "text": "John McEnroe and Patrick McEnroe were the defending champions . John McEnroe did not participate this year . Patrick McEnroe partnered Richey Reneberg , losing in the second round . Byron Black and Jonathan Stark won in the final 4 -- 6 , 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 2 , against Tom Nijssen and Cyril Suk ." }, { "docid": "1981_Custom_Credit_Australian_Indoor_Championships", "title": "", "text": "The 1981 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney in Australia and was part of the 1981 Volvo Grand Prix . It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was held from 12 October through 18 October 1981 . Top-seeded John McEnroe won his second successive singles title ." }, { "docid": "2013_French_Open_–_Legends_Over_45_Doubles", "title": "", "text": "John McEnroe and Patrick McEnroe were the defending champions , but Patrick McEnroe did not participate . John McEnroe played alongside Adriano Panatta , but lost in the group stage . Andrés Gómez and Mark Woodforde won the title , defeating Mansour Bahrami and Pat Cash in the final , 6 -- 1 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 2 ) ." }, { "docid": "1982_Custom_Credit_Australian_Indoor_Championships", "title": "", "text": "The 1982 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a men 's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Hordern Pavilion in Sydney , Australia and was part of the 1982 Volvo Grand Prix . It was the 10th edition of the tournament and was held from 11 October through 17 October 1982 . Second-seeded John McEnroe won his third successive singles title at the event ." }, { "docid": "McEnroe_(surname)", "title": "", "text": "McEnroe is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Colin McEnroe , American columnist and radio personality John McEnroe ( born 1959 ) , former professional tennis player Patrick McEnroe ( born 1966 ) , former professional tennis player" }, { "docid": "1985_Player's_Canadian_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "John McEnroe was the defending champion . McEnroe successfully defended his title , defeating Ivan Lendl 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 3 in the final ." }, { "docid": "Fish_aggression", "title": "", "text": "Aggression refers to negative behavior or attitudes toward another , mainly by applying physical force . Evolution on the other hand , is any process of formation or development of something like habit , trait or character in a population from generation to generation . Evolution can explain why fish exhibit aggression because it is a simple emotion . This emotion increases an individual 's survival or reproduction . Aggressive behavior can derive in fish species due to territory , sex specific selection and genetic variation . There is no specific fish species who display invasive behavior . Almost all the fish are aggressive sometimes in their lives depending on their surroundings ." }, { "docid": "1987_Volvo_International_–_Doubles", "title": "", "text": "Peter Fleming and John McEnroe were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year , Fleming with Gary Donnelly and McEnroe with his brother Patrick . Donnelly and Fleming lost in the first round to Brad Drewett and Wally Masur , as did the McEnroes to Brad Pearce and Jim Pugh . There was no result for the tournament due to rain . The final would have seen Paul Annacone and Christo van Rensburg take on Ken Flach and Robert Seguso ." }, { "docid": "1979_Stockholm_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "John McEnroe was the defending champion . McEnroe successfully defended his title , defeating Gene Mayer 6 -- 7 , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 3 in the final ." }, { "docid": "1985_Stockholm_Open_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "John McEnroe was the defending champion , but did not participate this year . McEnroe successfully defended his title , defeating Anders Järryd 6 -- 1 , 6 -- 2 in the final ." }, { "docid": "1983_Custom_Credit_Australian_Indoor_Championships", "title": "", "text": "The 1983 Custom Credit Australian Indoor Championships was a men 's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Sydney in Australia and was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix . It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was held from 10 October through 16 October 1983 . Defending champion and top-seeded John McEnroe won his fourth successive singles title ." }, { "docid": "1989_GTE_U.S._Men's_Hard_Court_Championships", "title": "", "text": "The 1989 GTE U.S. Men 's Hard Court Championships was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Indianapolis Tennis Center in Indianapolis , Indiana in the United States that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix . It was the second edition of the tournament and was held from August 7 through August 13 , 1989 . John McEnroe won the singles title ." }, { "docid": "1983_U.S._Pro_Indoor_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "John McEnroe was the defending champion . McEnroe successfully defended his title , defeating Ivan Lendl , 4 -- 6 , 7 -- 6 , 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 in the final ." } ]
126425	John Mayer's first EP was released while he was signed to Columbia Records.	[ { "docid": "John_Mayer", "title": "", "text": "John Clayton Mayer ( -LSB- ˈmeɪ.ɚ -RSB- born October 16 , 1977 ) is an American singer-songwriter , guitarist , and producer . He was born in Bridgeport , Connecticut , and raised in nearby Fairfield . He attended Berklee College of Music in Boston , but disenrolled and moved to Atlanta in 1997 with Clay Cook . Together , they formed a short-lived two-man band called Lo-Fi Masters . After their split , Mayer continued to play local clubs -- refining his skills and gaining a following . After his appearance at the 2001 South by Southwest Festival , he was signed to Aware Records , and then Columbia Records , which released his first EP , Inside Wants Out . His following two full-length albums -- Room for Squares ( 2001 ) and Heavier Things ( 2003 ) -- did well commercially , achieving multi-platinum status . In 2003 , he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for the single `` Your Body Is a Wonderland '' . Though Mayer started his career mainly performing acoustic rock , he began moving towards the blues genre that had originally influenced him as a musician . By 2005 , he was collaborating with blues artists such as B. B. King , Buddy Guy , and Eric Clapton . Forming the John Mayer Trio , he released a live album in 2005 called Try ! , and his third studio album Continuum in 2006 . Both albums received wide critical acclaim , and Continuum earned Mayer a 2007 Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album . He also won Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for `` Waiting on the World to Change '' . That album was followed by Battle Studies in 2009 , a return to pop , with a number-one grossing tour . After having several controversial incidents with the media , Mayer withdrew from public life in 2010 and began work on a follow-up album , called Born and Raised , that would draw inspiration from the 1970s pop music of Laurel Canyon . However , the discovery of a granuloma on his vocal cords delayed the release of the album until May 2012 , and ultimately forced him to cancel the planned tour . Even so , the album enjoyed a generally favorable reception , though was less commercially successful than his previous work . After extensive treatments for his vocal problems -- and a two-year hiatus -- Mayer began performing as a singer again in January 2013 , and that year released the album , Paradise Valley . The album is named for where he lives in Montana and features country music influences . By 2014 , he had sold a total of over 20 million albums worldwide . After developing an interest in the Grateful Dead and connecting with Bob Weir , Mayer formed Dead & Company with three former Grateful Dead musicians . After two well-received tours in the fall of 2015 and summer of 2016 , the band has already committed to another tour for the summer of 2017 . Mayer 's secondary career pursuits extend to television hosting , comedy , and writing ; he has authored columns for magazines such as Esquire . He supports various causes and has performed at charity benefits . He is a watch aficionado ( with a collection he values in the `` tens of millions '' of dollars ) , and has been on the jury at the Grand Prix d'Horlogerie de Genève . He currently lives in Montana . His latest song is `` Love on the Weekend '' ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Brendan_James", "title": "", "text": "Brendan James is an American , piano-based singer/songwriter from Derry , New Hampshire . James spent his early music career playing at New York City open mics before he signed to Capitol Records in 2005 . At Capitol he spent a year and a half recording his debut album , but was dropped before its release during the Capitol Records/Virgin Records merger in 2007 . After leaving Capitol , he self-produced and released an EP , The Ballroom Break-in . He signed to Decca Records in 2008 and has released two studio albums with the label . His debut album , The Day is Brave , was released in 2008 , while his self-titled second album , Brendan James , came out in 2010 . He has toured nationally to support the albums , including tours with artists such as Jason Reeves , John Mayer , Tyrone Wells , Matt White , and Amber Rubarth ." }, { "docid": "Inside_Wants_Out", "title": "", "text": "Inside Wants Out is the debut EP by American musician John Mayer . Released by Mayer Music on September 24 , 1999 , the album was later re-released by Columbia Records on August 2 , 2002 with the omission of `` Neon 12:47 AM '' . The songs `` Back to You '' , `` No Such Thing '' , `` My Stupid Mouth '' , and `` Neon '' were later re-recorded for Mayer 's 2001 full-length debut album Room for Squares ." }, { "docid": "John_Mayer_discography", "title": "", "text": "The discography of American singer-songwriter and guitarist John Mayer consists of seven studio albums , seven live albums , three compilation albums , two video albums , four extended plays , twenty-four singles and seventeen music videos . Born in Bridgeport , Connecticut , Mayer moved to Atlanta , Georgia and began playing in local clubs in 1998 . He released the extended play Inside Wants Out in September of the following year . Inside Wants Out , as well as continued performances , brought Mayer to the attention of independent record label Aware Records . Aware later signed Mayer and released his full-length debut studio album , Room for Squares , in June 2001 . When Columbia Records acquired Aware , the album was re-released in September and promoted as a major label release . Following its re-release , Room for Squares peaked at number eight on the United States Billboard 200 . The album has since sold over four million copies in the United States , and was certified four times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Three singles were released from Room for Squares , two of which became top 40 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 : `` No Such Thing '' and `` Your Body Is a Wonderland '' . Heavier Things , Mayer 's second studio album , was released in September 2003 . It topped the Billboard 200 and attained a double platinum certification from the RIAA . Heavier Things produced three singles : `` Bigger Than My Body '' , `` Clarity '' and `` Daughters '' . `` Daughters '' later won the award for Song of the Year at the 47th Grammy Awards . After a brief recording hiatus , during which he ventured to form the blues group John Mayer Trio , Mayer resumed his solo career and released his third studio album Continuum in September 2006 . Continuum reached a peak of number two on the Billboard 200 . `` Waiting on the World to Change '' , the album 's first single , peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and garnered commercial success in countries such as Australia and Canada . Battle Studies followed in November 2009 , topping the Billboard 200 and being certified platinum by the RIAA . The album featured the singles `` Who Says '' , `` Heartbreak Warfare '' and `` Half of My Heart '' , all of which reached the top 40 in the United States . Mayer released his fifth studio album Born and Raised in May 2012 ; it became his third number-one album on the Billboard 200 . His sixth studio album `` Paradise Valley '' was released on August 20 , 2013 bringing forth 3 singles ; `` Paper Doll '' , `` Wildfire '' and `` Who You Love '' ft. Katy Perry . Mayer 's seventh studio album was released at April/2017 and is called : `` The Search for Everything '' . Mayer has sold 16 million albums in the United States to date ." }, { "docid": "The_Search_for_Everything:_Wave_Two", "title": "", "text": "The Search for Everything : Wave Two ( also shortened as Wave Two ) is an extended play ( EP ) by American singer-songwriter John Mayer . Released on February 24 , 2017 by Columbia and Sony Music , the EP contains four tracks from Mayer 's seventh studio album , The Search for Everything , and is a follow-up to its predecessor EP , The Search for Everything : Wave One . It includes the lead single `` Still Feel Like Your Man '' ." }, { "docid": "The_Village_Sessions", "title": "", "text": "The Village Sessions is an EP released by artist John Mayer on December 12 , 2006 . Collaborators include John Mayer Trio members Steve Jordan and Pino Palladino , along with Ben Harper , Robbie McIntosh , and Ricky Peterson of Mayer 's touring band and former producer for Prince albums . The six-song EP contains acoustic and alternate versions of songs found on Mayer 's third studio album , Continuum , and his trio 's live album , Try ! . Mayer co-produced the album with engineer Chad Franscoviak . Though the EP was released at about the same time as Mayer 's single , `` Gravity '' , the song itself does not appear on this EP , much like Mayer 's singles `` Daughters '' and `` Bigger Than My Body '' were not on his live album , As/Is , despite being the current singles at the time of its release . Like the As/Is series before it , The Village Sessions was made available on iTunes , on May 15 , 2007 ." }, { "docid": "Continuum_(John_Mayer_album)", "title": "", "text": "Continuum is the third studio album by American musician John Mayer , released September 12 , 2006 on Columbia Records . Recording sessions for the album took place during November 2005 to September 2006 at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles , California , Avatar Studios and Right Track/Sound on Sound in New York City , and Royal Studios in Memphis , Tennessee . Production was handled primarily by Mayer and Steve Jordan . It marked a change in Mayer 's musical style , and incorporated musical elements of blues and soul more heavily than in his previous work with pop-rock . The album debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 300,186 copies in its first week . It also reached the top-ten in several other countries and sold over 3 million copies worldwide . Upon its release , Continuum received generally positive reviews from most music critics and earned Mayer several accolades , including a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 49th Grammy Awards . Rolling Stone magazine named it the eleventh best album of 2006 ." }, { "docid": "Elbow_discography", "title": "", "text": "The discography of the English rock band Elbow consists of seven studio albums and numerous EPs and singles . The band was first formed in while its members were secondary school and opted for the name Elbow in 1997 . The band recorded a 5-track demo EP entitled Noisebox , named after the studio where it was recorded . Four songs were later re-recorded for the deluxe edition of the debut album while a live-version was chosen for the fifth . The band were signed to Island Records and recorded an album with Steve Osborne that was shelved after the Universal take-over . Released from their contract , the band released the Newborn and Any Day Now EPs through Ugly Man Records that featured some of the material recorded with Osborne . In early 2001 Elbow signed with V2 Records ." }, { "docid": "Tiger_Please", "title": "", "text": "Tiger Please is an Indie / Alternative five-piece band from Cardiff , Wales . The band formed in August 2008 . The band 's influences are U2 , Sigur Rós , Kings of Leon , John Mayer and Counting Crows . They signed with Walnut Tree Records in 2009 and released their debut EP They Do n't Change Under Moonlight . Kerrang ! magazine , Rock Sound magazine , and Classic Rock magazine praised the EP and featured the band on the Rock Sound and Classic Rock cover-mount albums . The band toured with Kids In Glass Houses , InMe , Twin Atlantic and Funeral For A Friend . During the summer of 2010 Tiger Please toured the United Kingdom and recorded a second EP called Seasons which was also critically acclaimed . They also played the Redbull tent at Download Festival in 2010 and the Jägermeister stage at Sonisphere Festival ." }, { "docid": "Take_It_to_the_Bank", "title": "", "text": "Take It to the Bank is the second EP by American country music artist Chris Janson . It was released on February 25 , 2014 via Columbia Nashville . The album includes material that Janson recorded while signed to the former BNA Records ." }, { "docid": "Who_Says_(John_Mayer_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Who Says '' is the thirteenth single released by American singer-songwriter John Mayer , and the first to be released from his fourth studio album , Battle Studies . It is Mayer 's first studio recorded single release since `` Say '' in 2007 . On September 25 , 2009 , `` Who Says '' was released on John Mayer 's official website ." }, { "docid": "The_Search_for_Everything:_Wave_One", "title": "", "text": "The Search for Everything : Wave One ( also shortened as Wave One ) is an extended play ( EP ) by American singer John Mayer . Released on January 20 , 2017 , the EP contains the first four tracks from Mayer 's seventh studio album , The Search for Everything . It includes the lead single `` Love on the Weekend '' and three new tracks . A second EP , The Search for Everything : Wave Two , was released on February 24 , 2017 , composed of four more new tracks . The full album was released on April 14 , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "The_Complete_2012_Performances_Collection", "title": "", "text": "The Complete 2012 Performances Collection is an extended play ( EP ) by American blues rock musician John Mayer . Released on August 7 , 2012 as an iTunes-exclusive digital download , the EP contains four acoustic versions of tracks from Mayer 's latest album Born and Raised , as well as a previously unreleased track from the album 's recording sessions ." }, { "docid": "Heavier_Things", "title": "", "text": "Heavier Things is the second studio album by American musician John Mayer , released September 9 , 2003 on Columbia Records in the United States . The title of the album itself is a subtle response to certain criticism of Mayer 's music . The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart , selling 317,000 copies in its first week . Despite some negative criticism towards Mayer 's songwriting , Heavier Things received generally positive reviews from music critics ." }, { "docid": "MALIKA_(EP)", "title": "", "text": "MALIKA is the third extended play produced and written by Iranian singer , songwriter and record producer TALA . It was released on 21 October 2015 through Columbia Records and features work from the likes of BANKS , WA$ $ UP and Atiye . Lead single from the extended play , which was `` Wolfpack '' was released as the extended play 's only single on 19 November 2015 and was TALA 's first single since she signed to Columbia Records ." }, { "docid": "Try!", "title": "", "text": "Try ! is the first live album by the John Mayer Trio . It was released by Columbia Records on November 22 , 2005 . The album was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards ." }, { "docid": "Supreme_Love_Gods", "title": "", "text": "Supreme Love Gods were an alternative rock group from Fresno , California , active from 1990 to 1993 . They signed to Columbia/Sony Music in 1991 and released an EP in England entitled Righteous on One Little Indian later that year . Early the next year , the group was dropped from Columbia , and bassist Lance Carlos left the group , to be replaced by John Wilson . Their only full-length release was a self-titled album , issued on Def American in 1992 . `` Souled Out '' was released as a single and hit No. 16 on the U.S. Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart . The group toured with Ned 's Atomic Dustbin , 808 State , and Meat Beat Manifesto in 1993 . They began working on a new album in 1993 but broke up while recording it . Singer , Thomas Dew went on to form the band , A Million Seeds . Drummer Eric Dansby went on to play in The Shroud . In 2005 guitarist/keyboardist Tommy Joy formed Pusher and released the album ` Problems ' on indie label Oblivion Records . In 2008 Supreme Love Gods got together for a reunion show in their home town of Fresno , California ." }, { "docid": "Red_and_Black_Attack", "title": "", "text": "Red And Black Attack was the second release from the Hollywood-based rock band The Icarus Line . The EP was recorded and released very quickly after their debut 7-inch , Highlypuncturingnoisetestingyourabilitytohate on Hellcat Records . The EP was released on New American Dream . This was the band 's first release to appear on CD , as well as New American Dream 's debut release . The vinyl version was pressed by Slowgun Records on clear `` wine '' colored vinyl 7-inches . New American Dream also released the band 's split 7-inch picture disc with Ink & Dagger , and had actually originally signed Ink & Dagger to release their third , and final album on the label . However , after a car crash involving the label 's owner and members of Ink & Dagger , who were on their way to visit The Icarus Line during a rehearsal , the label soon fell apart . The resulting fiasco was the prime reason The Icarus Line did n't record their debut album in 1999 , as originally intended , and ended up signing instead with Crank ! Records . Coincidentally , Ink & Dagger , who had also signed to the label for the release of their third and last album , ended up having Buddyhead release it instead . Other bands on the short-lived label included Discount ( band ) and Kind Of Like Spitting . The label 's folding , resulted in this release being out of print for many years , and a highly sought after collectable . The EP was named as a reference to the band 's visual style , which involved dressing in black with red neckties . This look was abandoned years later , after a number of other bands had started dressing similarly . Some of these bands went on to much greater mainstream success . So , as not to look like the `` copycats '' themselves , this attire was then `` retired '' by The Icarus Line . This release also coincided with yet another of the band 's recurring problems of finding a suitable , and permanent drummer . This is why there is no drummer pictured on the cover of this release , something which confused people for quite some time . At the time of the EP 's release , John Guerra ( F-Minus , Black Fag ) was filling the position . Soon after , the band recruited their fourth drummer , Mike Felix ( Toys That Kill , Ex-Fork ) . As an homage to their former band 's drummer , Tim Childs , The Icarus Line included snippets he had recorded while playing drums at home , very briefly before his death . These were the last known recordings of Tim playing drums . The song `` Separate The Sounds '' , was also quite obviously written about Tim , and his abrupt passing . These home recordings were spliced together during mastering by Blag Dahlia , the singer of The Dwarves ." }, { "docid": "Joe_Pug", "title": "", "text": "Joe Pug ( born Joseph Pugliese , April 20 , 1984 ) is an American singer-songwriter from Greenbelt , Maryland . He has released two EPs , as well as the albums Messenger , The Great Despiser and Windfall . While working as a carpenter in Chicago after dropping out of the University of North Carolina , Pug wrote and recorded what would eventually become his debut EP , Nation of Heat . Its literate lyrics received widespread acclaim and Pug 's unorthodox promotional strategy of distributing free CDs to anyone interested in sharing his music resulted in the EP selling over 20,000 copies . After touring with Steve Earle in 2009 , Pug was signed by Nashville indie label Lightning Rod Records and released Messenger in 2010 . After moving to Austin , Pug released The Great Despiser in 2012 . Pug 's acclaimed narrative songwriting has led critics to draw comparisons between his work and that of John Prine and Bob Dylan . His stated influences include John Hiatt , Warren Zevon , and Beck , as well as literary figures such as John Dos Passos , John Steinbeck , Raymond Carver and most notably , Walt Whitman ." }, { "docid": "Ep_Two", "title": "", "text": "Two ( also referred to as epTwo ) is the second EP release by British alternative rock band Hundred Reasons . Released on August 6 , 2001 , the EP was their first on Columbia Records after signing to the label . It features live favourite `` Remmus '' and two other songs - `` Soapbox rally '' and the original version of `` Shine '' . `` Shine '' would later appear on their debut album Ideas Above Our Station . The CD also features the video for `` Remmus '' ." }, { "docid": "Clyde_Carson", "title": "", "text": "Clyde Carson ( born June 2 , 1981 ) is an American rapper from Oakland , California . He was originally known as a member of the hip hop group The Team . After the group went on hiatus , he was the one member of the group to break out as a solo artist . He was signed to rapper The Game 's Black Wall Street Records and Capitol Records in 2006 . While signed there he released the EP Doin ' That . However , he was signed to them for long , before deciding to go back to releasing music independently via Moe Doe Entertainment . After returning to just that label , he has released two EPs : Bass Rock and Playboy . He also released the song `` Slow Down '' , which was featured on the video game Grand Theft Auto V. He blends hyphy with street-styled rap ." }, { "docid": "Joe_Brooks_(singer)", "title": "", "text": "Joe Brooks ( born Joseph David Tancock 18 May 1987 ) is a British singer . Brooks started out as a Myspace musician when he was 17 and gained popularity on the site while releasing two independent EPs . By 2008 he was hyped and labelled as the `` Number 1 Unsigned UK Artist '' on MySpace and had amassed 11 million song plays . In 2009 he signed to Jason Flom 's Lava Records and Universal Republic Records , where he released his first full-length and major label album , Constellation Me , in 2010 . Following his exit from Lava/Universal in 2011 , he released a fan-funded independent EP , A Reason To Swim , later that year ." }, { "docid": "Battle_Studies_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Battle Studies is the fourth studio album by American recording artist John Mayer , released November 17 , 2009 on Columbia Records in the United States . Production for the album took place during February to August 2009 at Battle Studies recording studio in Calabasas , California , Capitol Studios in Hollywood , and The Village in West Los Angeles , California , and was handled by Mayer and Steve Jordan . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 286,000 copies in its first week . It achieved successful sales in several other countries and produced two singles that attained chart success . Upon its release , Battle Studies received positive reviews from most music critics . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and has sold 880,000 copies in the United States ." }, { "docid": "The_Years_(EP)", "title": "", "text": "The Years is an EP and the first major release by Guelph , Ontario-based dream pop duo Memoryhouse , released on September 13 , 2011 . The Years is Memoryhouse 's Sub Pop debut . The Years is a re-release of an EP by the same name released in February 2010 while Memoryhouse was signed to Arcade Sound , a very small independent record label ." }, { "docid": "Alice_in_Chains_discography", "title": "", "text": "The discography of Alice in Chains , a Seattle , Washington , United States-based rock band , consists of five studio albums , three extended plays ( EP ) , two live albums , four compilations , eighteen music videos and twenty-five singles . Alice in Chains was formed in 1987 by singer Layne Staley and guitarist Jerry Cantrell , who then recruited bassist Mike Starr and drummer Sean Kinney . The band signed to Columbia Records in 1989 , and released its first EP , We Die Young , in July 1990 . Later that year , the band released its debut studio album , Facelift . The single `` Man in the Box '' , which reached number 18 on the mainstream rock chart , helped Facelift achieve double Platinum status . The band toured in support of the album for two years before releasing the acoustic EP Sap in early 1992 . In September 1992 , Alice in Chains released Dirt . The critically acclaimed album , also the band 's most successful , debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 , and was certified quadruple Platinum . The band did not tour in support of Dirt for very long , due to Staley 's drug addiction . While touring , Starr left the band due to personal reasons and was replaced by Mike Inez . 1994 saw the release of Alice in Chains ' second acoustic EP , Jar of Flies . It entered the charts in the top slot , making it the first Alice in Chains release -- and the first EP in history -- to debut at number one . In 1995 , the band released a self-titled album , which debuted at the top of the Billboard 200 , and has since been awarded -- along with Facelift -- double Platinum status while Jar of Flies maintains Quadruple Platinum status . Alice in Chains entered a hiatus after not touring since the release of Dirt . From 1996 to 2002 , the band was mostly inactive , releasing two live albums , including the successful Unplugged , and three compilations . On April 19 , 2002 , Staley was found dead in his home after overdosing on heroin and cocaine , causing the group to break up . In 2005 , the band reunited with new vocalist William DuVall . On April 25 , 2009 , it was announced that Alice in Chains had signed to Virgin/EMI making it the band 's first label change in their 20-plus year career . Black Gives Way to Blue , the group 's first album with DuVall , was released on September 29 , 2009 . In 2011 , Alice in Chains began work on their fifth studio album , The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here , which was released two years later ." }, { "docid": "T.I._discography", "title": "", "text": "American rapper T.I. has released nine studio albums , one remix album , five extended plays ( EPs ) , 10 mixtapes , 110 singles ( including 61 as a featured artist ) and 11 promotional singles . He has also released one music video album and over 60 music videos , the details of which are included in his videography . Throughout his career , T.I. 's music has been released on several record labels , including Artista and Atlantic , as well as his own label imprint , Grand Hustle Records . T.I. has also served as an executive producer for several projects other than his own , including Big Kuntry King 's debut My Turn to Eat ( 2008 ) , B.G. 's Too Hood 2 Be Hollywood ( 2009 ) , B.o.B 's debut The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Iggy Azalea 's debut EP Glory ( 2012 ) , as well as her debut album The New Classic ( 2014 ) . In 2005 , T.I. had executive produced the soundtrack to the film Hustle & Flow and released the collection through his record label . T.I. is also a noted record producer , having produced several song recordings , a few under the pseudonym T.I.P. . He has also served as a ghostwriter and assisting songwriter , for several artists , such as Bow Wow , Sean `` Diddy '' Combs , Dr. Dre , Bun B and Keyshia Cole . T.I. was discovered and signed to Ghet-O-Vision Entertainment , when he was a teenager by record executive Kawan `` KP '' Prather . Upon signing a recording contract with Arista Records subsidiary LaFace Records in 2001 , he shortened his name from TIP to T.I. , out of respect for his Arista label-mate Q-Tip . In 2001 , T.I. released his debut album , I 'm Serious . The album peaked at number 98 on the US Billboard 200 chart and sold about 270,000 copies . Due to poor sales , T.I. asked for a joint venture deal with Arista or be released from his contract ; he was subsequently granted his release and dropped from the label . In 2003 , T.I. launched Grand Hustle Entertainment ( now Grand Hustle Records ) with his longtime business partner Jason Geter and signed a new deal with Atlantic Records . He then collaborated with fellow Atlanta-based rapper Bone Crusher and Killer Mike , for the song `` Never Scared '' . The song became a hit for the summer of 2003 , peaking at number 26 in the US , marking T.I. 's first appearance on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . T.I. released Trap Muzik , his first album under Grand Hustle/Atlantic , in 2003 . It contained the lead single `` 24 's '' , which had peaked at number 78 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart , his first solo entry there . Trap Muzik later debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , making it much more successful than his previous effort . The following singles , `` Rubberband Man '' and `` Let 's Get Away '' , also impacted the Hot 100 chart , while `` Be Easy '' only charted Billboards R&B chart . His third album , Urban Legend , was released in 2004 and included the hit single `` Bring 'Em Out '' , which peaked at number nine in the US and was certified platinum . The album peaked at number seven on the Billboard 200 and was also certified platinum in the US . Urban Legend also spawned the singles `` U Do n't Know Me '' and `` ASAP '' . In 2006 , his fourth album King , debuted at number one and was certified gold in its first week of release . The lead single , `` What You Know '' peaked at number three in the US , and was certified double-platinum . King , which also serves as the official soundtrack for T.I. 's first feature film ATL , was certified platinum in the US , gold in Canada , and silver in the UK . King also included `` Why You Wan na '' , `` Live in the Sky '' and `` Top Back '' . Later that year , he earned his first number-one US single with `` My Love '' , his collaboration with American pop singer Justin Timberlake . T.I. released his fifth album T.I. vs. T.I.P. , in 2007 , which went on to become his second consecutive number-one album . The lead single `` Big Shit Poppin ' ( Do It ) '' , peaked at number nine in the US . The album was certified platinum in the US and gold in Canada . The other singles from the album included `` You Know What It Is '' and `` Hurt '' . In 2008 , before T.I. 's prison sentence , he released Paper Trail , his third number-one album in the United States , which was certified gold in its first week of release . The album included two US number-one singles with four top-five singles overall : `` Whatever You Like '' , Swagga Like Us '' ( featuring Lil Wayne , Kanye West and Jay-Z ) , `` Live Your Life '' ( featuring Rihanna ) , and `` Dead and Gone '' ( featuring Justin Timberlake ) . The album , was certified double-platinum in the US , platinum in Canada , and gold in Australia , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom . In 2009 , Paper Trail was re-released entitled Paper Trail : Case Closed , as an EP in the UK and included two new singles and three songs off the original album . In 2010 , while serving 11 months in prison for probation violation , he released his seventh studio album No Mercy , in December 2010 . No Mercy included the lead single `` Get Back Up '' , which features American singer Chris Brown , and `` That 's All She Wrote '' , which features American rapper Eminem . The album debuted at number four in America and was certified gold by the RIAA . In 2012 , T.I. released Trouble Man : Heavy Is the Head , on December 18 . The album peaked at number two in the US and was certified gold by the RIAA . The album spawned two successful singles , `` Go Get It '' and `` Ball '' . Following the album 's release , T.I. announced he drew a close to his 10-year contract with Atlantic Records and was searching for a new label to sign himself and Grand Hustle . In November 2013 , T.I. revealed he signed a record deal with Columbia Records , to release his ninth album , then-titled Trouble Man II : He Who Wears the Crown . He would later announce he postponed Trouble Man II , after recording with longtime collaborator Pharrell Williams ( who was influential in his move to Columbia ) , and would now release a new project titled Paperwork . The album produced two successful singles , `` About the Money '' and `` No Mediocre '' ." }, { "docid": "Jamie_T", "title": "", "text": "Jamie Alexander Treays ( born 8 January 1986 ) , known by his stage name Jamie T , is an English singer-songwriter from Wimbledon , South London . Jamie T is currently signed to Virgin Records but has released his Betty and the Selfish Sons EP on his own Pacemaker Records label . His backing band are called The Pacemakers and have recently been touring , advertising , and releasing material as `` Jamie T and The Pacemakers '' . In 2014 , Jamie released his first album in over five years , titled Carry on the Grudge . Since then he has released the EP Magnolia Melancholia while in September 2016 the album Trick was released ." }, { "docid": "Raleigh_Ritchie_discography", "title": "", "text": "The discography of hip hop recording artist Raleigh Ritchie comprises one studio album , and three EPs . Signing with Columbia Records in 2013 , he released his debut album in 2016 ." }, { "docid": "K.I.D_(band)", "title": "", "text": "K.I.D is a Canadian indie rock band created in 2014 by Kara Lane and Bobby Lo from Mississauga , Ontario , Canada . K.I.D released their debut EP `` K.I.D '' in 2014 at Virgin Records Canada , a subsidiary of Universal Music Canada , featuring their first single `` I Wish I was your Cigarette '' . In May 2016 , the band signed with Columbia records for the world , excluding Canada . They also released a number of singles at Columbia Records including their debut single `` Errors '' in September 2016 ( video released ) - The video for `` Errors '' was directed by Nadia Lee Cohen . The band is managed by Merck Mercuriadis of Hipgnosis Music Ltd. , publisher and record label in London and Los Angeles ." }, { "docid": "Warren_Schatz", "title": "", "text": "Warren Schatz , born in New York City , was a prominent producer , arranger and orchestra conductor during the 1970s . Warren Schatz is famous for composing , producing , arranging , and conducting the orchestra for such mid - to late-1970s disco recording artists as Frankie Valli , Vicki Sue Robinson , The Brothers , Revelation , Evelyn King , and Gordon Grody . He started as a delivery boy at Associated Recording in 1957 and by the time he was 14 he started his career as an engineer , recording song demos with Paul Simon , Neil Diamond , Burt Bacharach , Hal David , Dionne Warwick , Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich , Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil , Carol King and Gerry Goffin . During this time he started recording himself under the name Ritchie Dean , The Whispers , The Warmest Spring , The American Youth Choir The Petrified Forrest , and Warren Schatz . Recording for Swirl , Imperial , Cameo/Parkway , Laurie , Tower ( Capitol ) , Mercury , Polydor , Warner Bros. . In 1968 he and his partner , Stephen Schlaks , produced Wilkinson Tricycle for Columbia 's Date Records , Banshee for Atlantic , and Yesterday 's Children for Map City . In 1970 he signed with managers , Rachel Elkind and Walter Carlos , who just had a big hit with `` Switched On Bach '' and released and album in Columbia Records . During a performance at Budakan Hall in Tokyo , he became friends with Jukka Kuoppamaki , who brought him to Finland to tour with him . While living in Helsinki , he represented the U.S. . At the Sopot Music Festival in Poland , where he won the Press Prize . For the next two years he toured throughout Eastern Europe and produced an album for Jukka on EMI and his second album for Love Records , which was also released by EMI in Sweden , Holland , Global Records in Germany , Polskie Nagrania `` Muza '' in Poland , Electrecord in Romania and Beverly in Brazil . When he returned home to the U.S. , he was hired as arranger by Hank Medress and Dave Appel for Tony Orlando 's `` To Be With You '' then Frankie Valli album for Private Stock Records , which included his hit `` Our Day Will Come '' . During that time Allen Stanton hired him as a song plugger at RCA 's publishing company , Sumbury/Dunbar , where he signed and/or recorded , Vicki Sue Robinson , The Brothers , Evelyn `` Champagne '' King , Fandango featuring Joe Lynn Turner , The New York Community Choir . With great success he was promoted the National VP of A&R at RCA in 1976 and was responsible for all artists on the RCA roster , from Roger Whittaker to Hall and Oats . He signed Triumph , Bonnie Tyler , Toby Beau , Machine , Kristy and Jimmy McNichol . All had hits . He moved on to become COO and Senior VP at Ariola America , BMG 's first label in the U.S.where he signed Viola Wills and Krokus , who both had hits . After Ariola he started Perfect Sound Studios , Inc. where he continued to produce Vicki Sue Robinson for Prelude and Profile . Viola Wills for Hansa , Manage 's `` Memory '' also for Profile . He created the successful `` What If Mozart Wrote '' series for RCA Red Seal . The first album , `` What If Mozart Wrote '' Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas . Warren was nominated for a Grammy for writing and producing the music video for `` Get A Job '' from the second `` What If '' album . He also recorded with Ann Hampton Callaway , Frankie Laine , John O'Conor , Julie Budd , and Barbara Carroll . Perfect Sound also started creating projects for corporate communications and had CitiBank , Chemical Bank , Xerox , Hess Oil , as clients . Warren went to work at TVT , TommyBoy and Urban Box Office as head of manufacturing and distribution . Moving into video in 2007 , he started creating video content for `` Big Data '' companies , Opera Solutions , MIT , Connotate , He is currently Executive VP at Penalty Entertainment , the classic Hip-Hop label relaunched by his friend Neil Levine . In 1965 the Swedish garage pop group Ola & the Janglers recorded a Warren Schatz composition , Tomorrow 's On Your Side , only available on two EPs , GEP-66 ( Ola & the Janglers EP ) and JSEP-5547 ( various artists EP ) in Sweden . He was also in a band named `` The Warmest Spring '' . Warren Schatz has also recorded obscure cover versions of Finnish singer Irwin Goodman 's songs , released on two ultra-rare CBS singles in the early 70s . CBS 1405 : Do n't You Go Away Again ( `` Tositarkoituksin '' ) with I 've Been Wonderin ( `` Ei Tippa Tapa '' ) on the flip side . CBS 8344 : Boing , Boing , Boing with Tomorrow On My Own on the flip side ." }, { "docid": "Worth_the_Wait_(EP)", "title": "", "text": "Worth the Wait is the debut extended play by Canadian country artist Lindsay Ell . It was released on March 24 , 2017 through Stoney Creek Records . The collection was recorded in eight months between 2016 and 2017 following a string of one-off singles . Kristian Bush of Sugarland produced the EP . Worth the Wait includes a cover of John Mayer 's `` Stop This Train '' ." } ]
12131	Dirty Diana is by Michael Jackson.	[ { "docid": "Dirty_Diana", "title": "", "text": "`` Dirty Diana '' is a song by American artist Michael Jackson . It is the ninth track on Jackson 's seventh studio album , Bad . The song was released by Epic Records on April 18 , 1988 as the fifth single from the album . It presents a harder rock sound similar to `` Beat It '' from Thriller and a guitar solo played by Steve Stevens . `` Dirty Diana '' was written and co-produced by Jackson , and produced by Quincy Jones . The songs lyrics pertain to groupies . `` Dirty Diana '' has a moderate tempo and is played in the key of G minor . `` Dirty Diana '' received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics , but was a commercial success worldwide in 1988 , charting at No. 1 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 . The song also charted within the top ten in multiple countries , including the United Kingdom , France , Italy , and New Zealand . `` Dirty Diana '' was the fifth and final Hot 100 number one single from Bad . In 2009 , after Jackson 's death in June , the song re-entered charts , mainly due to digital download sales . A music video for `` Dirty Diana '' was filmed in front of a live audience and released in 1988 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Live_at_Wembley_July_16,_1988", "title": "", "text": "Live at Wembley July 16 , 1988 is a live concert DVD by American recording artist Michael Jackson released on September 18 , 2012 . The DVD was included with the `` Bad 25 '' reissue , as well as a stand-alone DVD . This is the third tour by Jackson to be released on a home format ( the first two being the first leg performance of the DVD `` Live in Bucharest : The Dangerous Tour '' and the VHS `` HIStory World Tour : Live in Seoul '' ) . The recording is a performance of the Bad world tour , performing songs from the album `` Bad '' . The music video for the song `` Another Part of Me '' features footage from other concerts in Wembley as well as Paris . This particular concert took place on July 16 , 1988 , at Wembley Stadium in Wembley , London , to a sold-out crowd of 72,000 , which included Diana , Princess of Wales and Charles , Prince of Wales . Jackson originally removed `` Dirty Diana '' from this night 's performance , worried that he would offend Princess Diana or the royal family . However , the princess informed Jackson it was her favorite song . In an interview , Jackson stated that he was unable to put the song into the set , which led some fans to believe `` Dirty Diana '' was not performed on July 16 . However , leaked audio snippets prove that the song was re-added to the setlist . In addition to the full July 16 concert , the DVD also includes `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' , from the previous night on July 15 ( the song was not performed on July 16 due to a late start of the show ) and `` I Just Ca n't Stop Loving You '' , and `` Bad '' , performed on September 26 , 1987 , in Yokohama , Japan . The Bad 25 deluxe package also contains a CD of the audio from the July 16 concert as well , with audio edited down to 80 minutes from the original 2 hours ." }, { "docid": "Heal_the_World", "title": "", "text": "`` Heal the World '' is a song from Michael Jackson 's album Dangerous , released in 1992 . In a 2001 Internet chat with fans , Jackson said that `` Heal the World '' is the song he was most proud to have created . He also created the Heal the World Foundation , a charitable organization which was designed to improve the lives of children . The organization was also meant to teach children how to help others . This concept of ` betterment for all ' would become a centerpiece for the Dangerous World Tour . In the documentary Living with Michael Jackson , Jackson said he created the song in his `` Giving Tree '' at Neverland Ranch . An ensemble performance of `` We Are the World '' and `` Heal the World '' closed Jackson 's memorial service at the Staples Center in Los Angeles on July 7 , 2009 . The song was performed as rehearsed by Jackson at the venue just weeks earlier , in preparation for his planned `` This Is It '' concerts in London along with `` Dirty Diana '' . R&B singer Ciara sang the song as a tribute to Jackson at the 2009 BET Awards . The song was played at the funeral of James Bulger , and Jackson also donated the song to be used as the anthem for the charity the James Bulger Red Balloon Centre , a school for children to go to if they are being bullied or have learning difficulties ." }, { "docid": "Give_In_to_Me", "title": "", "text": "`` Give In to Me '' is the tenth track on Michael Jackson 's 1991 studio album Dangerous . The single peaked at number one in New Zealand for four consecutive weeks , and at number two on the UK Singles Chart . Stylistically , `` Give In to Me '' is a hard rock ballad which featured Guns N ' Roses guitarist Slash . Some suggest that the song , also considered a heavy metal ballad , has an aggressive sexual flavor . The single was released in Europe only . The single release 's B-sides include the album versions of `` Dirty Diana '' and `` Beat It '' ." }, { "docid": "Love_Songs_(Michael_Jackson_and_Diana_Ross_album)", "title": "", "text": "Label : Motown -- 530 010-2 Format : CD , Compilation Country : US Released : October 1987 Genre : Funk / Soul , Pop Style : Rhythm & Blues , Soul , Ballad Category : Michael Jackson albums Category : Diana Ross albums" }, { "docid": "Diana_Walczak", "title": "", "text": "Diana Walczak is an American sculptor , computer graphics pioneer and filmmaker . She is most famous for creating the original Michael Jackson 's HIStory Statue which she sculpted in 1994 . She also created the digital representation of the statue for Michael Jackson 's album , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I." }, { "docid": "Diana_Ross_Presents_The_Jackson_5", "title": "", "text": "Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 is the debut studio album from Gary , Indiana-based soul family band the Jackson 5 , released on the Motown label in December 1969 . The Jackson 5 's lead singer , a preteenage boy named Michael ( who later became a universally-recognized pop star on his own and `` The King of Pop '' ) , and his older brothers Jackie , Jermaine , Tito , and Marlon , became pop successes within months of this album 's release . Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5 's only single , `` I Want You Back '' , became a number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 within weeks of the album 's release and eventually sold five million copies worldwide . The album reached # 5 on the Pop Albums chart , and spent nine weeks at # 1 on the R&B / Black Albums chart . The album title suggested that Motown star Diana Ross had discovered the group , as do the Ross-penned liner notes on the back cover . Ross ' supposed discovery of the Jackson 5 was in fact part of Motown 's marketing and promotions plan for the Jackson 5 ; Motown artists Bobby Taylor and Gladys Knight also claimed to have discovered the Jacksons . Ross did , however , introduce the Jackson 5 to the public both in concert and on television . Actually , Motown signed `` The Jackson Five '' in March 1969 after their discovery and first contract with an owner and producer of Steeltown Records in Gary , Indiana in November 1967 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Billboard_Hot_100_number-one_singles_of_1988", "title": "", "text": "These are the Billboard magazine Hot 100 number one hits of 1988 . The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are based collectively on each single 's weekly physical sales , and airplay . Pop megastar Whitney Houston 's two singles released from her second studio album Whitney , `` So Emotional '' and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , both peaked at number one , which gave her a total of seven consecutive number one hits , breaking the record of six previously shared by The Beatles and The Bee Gees . The longest running number-one single of 1988 was `` Roll With It '' by Steve Winwood , which obtained four weeks at the top of the chart . When `` Dirty Diana '' reached number-one on the chart , it became Michael Jackson 's fifth single from the album Bad to reach number-one . Jackson became the first artist to have five singles from one album reach number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 and is the only male to do so . Although it spent only one week at number one in 1988 , George Michael 's `` Faith '' was the best selling single of the year in the United States . 1988 is tied with 1989 for the second most # 1 hits with 32 songs going to number one ." }, { "docid": "Diana!", "title": "", "text": "Diana ! is American singer Diana Ross ' first solo TV special , which aired on ABC on April 18 , 1971 , choreographed by David Winters of West Side Story fame , who at that time choreographed all of Ross ' stage and TV shows . The special featured performances by The Jackson 5 , and also included Jackson 5 lead singer Michael Jackson 's solo debut . Michael Jackson performed Frank Sinatra 's `` It Was a Very Good Year '' , which drew laughter as its adult-themed lyrics were changed to fit his age . Other guests included Danny Thomas and Bill Cosby , who would be featured on a similar TV special by the Jackson 5 ( Goin ' Back to Indiana ) a few months later . Since this was right at the beginning of her solo career , she took the opportunity to promote the two hits from her debut , the gold audience participant `` Reach Out and Touch ( Somebody 's Hand ) '' and the number 1 song `` Ai n't No Mountain High Enough '' . She also performed a cover of The Carpenters '' ( They Long to Be ) Close to You '' and the top-20 gold single `` Remember Me '' released that previous December 1970 included on her forthcoming album `` Surrender '' to be released later that summer . ( Though she performed `` Reach Out and Touch ( Somebody 's Hand ) '' on the special , it was not included on the soundtrack ) . The television special , and its subsequent soundtrack , was a Neilsen 's ratings winner , hitting the top 20 ( number 17 ) of shows that week and garnering Emmy nominations for Ross and Bob Mackie and in technical categories ." }, { "docid": "Michael_Jackson_HIStory_statue", "title": "", "text": "The Michael Jackson HIStory statue is a sculpture of Michael Jackson created in 1994 by Diana Walczak that became the basis for the cover image of Jackson 's album HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I as well as the basis for large temporary statues to market the album and the 1995 HIStory World Tour . Michael 's vision was to appear as a giant statue on the album cover . Diana sculpted the original statue with a monumental look . The sculpture was then digitized , lit , and rendered by her computer animation and visual effects company , Kleiser-Walczak Construction Co. , into the HIStory album cover . To promote the HIStory tour , 30 ft tall versions of the statue were built . One built out of plaster and wood was placed atop the Los Angeles Tower Records shop . For the European promotion , ten replicas were built across three months by a team of 30 people out of steel and fiberglass , weighing an estimated 20,000 lb . Among its locations , one was towed down London 's River Thames , another was lowered by cranes in front of Alexanderplatz in Berlin , others were at landmarks such as the Champs-Élysées in Paris and the Gallerie di Piazza Scala in Milan , and the one at tour starter Prague was erected using the pedestal of the destroyed Stalin Monument . During the tour 's 1996 stop at the Netherlands , Jackson donated the Dutch statue to the Ronald McDonald House Charity that was under construction in Eindhoven . Said statue was then part of a beneficent auction , being purchased by the owner of McDonald 's Best , Peter Van Gelder . It stands on the McDonald 's Best parking lot to date , becoming a gathering point to Jackson fans following his death in 2009 ." }, { "docid": "Eaten_Alive_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Eaten Alive '' is a 1985 single released by Diana Ross on the RCA label . It was the first release off her Eaten Alive album , which was ultimately a critical and commercial failure in the states , but , did reach Top 10-Top 20 rankings in a few European countries like Norway and The Netherlands . The song was written by Barry Gibb , Maurice Gibb and Michael Jackson the latter also co-producing with Barry and his team . Jackson and Barry Gibb can be heard singing in the background of the song with Jackson at times co-singing lead with Ross . The song was a disappointment in the United States , peaking at # 77 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , although it fared much better on the R&B singles chart - where it reached the Top 10 - helped by BET 's heavy rotation of the music video . In the song 's original copyright registration from 11 March 1985 it was credited to Barry Gibb and Maurice Gibb . It was not until Michael Jackson heard the demo of it that he suggested the chorus could be improved . The second copyright registration was filed on 1 June 1985 ( the same day that Diana performed a sold-out concert at Joe Louis Arena in her hometown of Detroit ) with the note ` words and music in the choruses have been completely rewritten ' ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Dirty_Harry_cast_members", "title": "", "text": "List of actors who have appeared in any of the five `` Dirty Harry '' films like Dirty Harry , Magnum Force , The Enforcer , Sudden Impact , and The Dead Pool . Note that this does not account for every single actor/actress . Marc Alaimo Carmen Argenziano DeVeren Bookwalter Ann Bowen George Burrafato Joy Carlin Jim Carrey Anthony Charnota Patricia Clarkson Bill Couch Michael Currie Paul D'Amato Jana D'Amico Tyne Daly Tony Dario Diane Darnell Diana Davidson Bradford Dillman Paul Drake Dick Durock Clint Eastwood Max Gail Michael V. Gazzo Louis Giambalvo Harry Guardino Pat Hingle Hal Holbrook Kevyn Major Howard David Hunt ( actor ) Will Hutchins Evan C. Kim John Larch Richard Lawson Sondra Locke Camryn Manheim Tim Matheson Bob McClurg Terry McGovern ( actor ) Audrie J. Neenan Liam Neeson Woodrow Parfrey Nancy Parsons Felton Perry Albert Popwell Rob Reiner Andrew Robinson Mitchell Ryan Reni Santoni Debralee Scott Don Siegel Suzanne Somers Josef Sommer David Soul Joe Spano Robert Urich John Vernon Justin Whalin Adele Yoshioka Cast members Dirty Harry" }, { "docid": "Personal_relationships_of_Michael_Jackson", "title": "", "text": "The personal relationships of Michael Jackson have been the subject of public and media attention for several decades . He was introduced to the topic of sexual activity at age nine while a member of The Jackson 5 . He and his brothers would perform at strip clubs , sharing the bill with female strippers and drag queens , and the sexual adventures of his brothers with groupies further affected Jackson 's early life . The entertainer said his `` first real date '' was with the child actress Tatum O'Neal , when he was a teenager in the 1970s ; he called her `` my first love - after Diana -LSB- Ross -RSB- . '' The pair eventually `` cooled off '' and Jackson entered into a romance with model Brooke Shields in 1981 . Although the relationship became largely platonic , Shields said there were times he had asked her to marry him . As they grew older , the two saw each other less . Having first been introduced to Lisa Marie Presley by her father , Elvis , in 1974 , Jackson reconnected with Lisa Marie in November 1992 . Shortly after becoming involved with her , in 1993 , Jackson was subjected to his first set of child sexual abuse accusations , followed by similar allegations in 2003 . Presley supported Jackson as he became dependent on pain medication , and eventually helped convince him to enter drug rehabilitation . In a telephone call , he proposed marriage to Presley . She agreed , and the two wed on May 26 , 1994 , at a private ceremony in the Dominican Republic . Married life for the couple was difficult , and the union ended in divorce in August 1996 . Presley and Jackson continued to date , on and off , for four more years after their divorce . Throughout his marriage with Presley , Jackson maintained a friendship with Debbie Rowe . She was the assistant of the pop singer 's dermatologist and had been treating his appearance-changing disease vitiligo since the mid-1980s . While separated but still married to Presley , Jackson impregnated Rowe , but she suffered a miscarriage and lost their baby in March 1996 . Following the ordeal and the finalization of his first divorce , Jackson wed the pregnant Rowe on November 13 , 1996 , in Sydney , Australia . From the marriage , two of Jackson 's three children were produced : son Michael Joseph `` Prince '' Jackson , Jr. ( born February 13 , 1997 ) and daughter Paris Michael Katherine Jackson ( born April 3 , 1998 ) . Jackson and Rowe divorced on October 8 , 1999 , with Rowe giving full custody rights of the children to Jackson . His third and final child , son Prince Michael Jackson II , was born to an unnamed surrogate mother on February 21 , 2002 . In July 2009 , it was revealed Jackson 's will named Diana Ross as the next-in-line guardian for his children , after his mother , Katherine . In September 2009 , Rabbi Shmuley Boteach released a book based on taped conversations he had with Jackson in 2001 . It included Jackson 's thoughts on personal relationships in general and specific ones . His romantic feelings for two famous friends were widely cited in the media ; when asked if he got jealous when his long-time friend Elizabeth Taylor dated other men , he replied , `` Yes and no . I know that if we ever did anything romantically the press would be so mean and nasty and call us the Odd Couple . It would turn into a circus and that 's the pain of it all . ''" }, { "docid": "The_Greatest_(Diana_Ross_album)", "title": "", "text": "The Greatest is a 2011 compilation album by Motown sensation Diana Ross and includes both solo material & Supremes classics plus duets with Lionel Richie , Rod Stewart , Michael Jackson , Ray Charles & Marvin Gaye . The album charted at # 24 in the UK and was awarded a BPI Silver disc for sales of over 60,000 copies in 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Diana_Ross_Sings_Songs_From_The_Wiz", "title": "", "text": "Diana Ross Sings Songs From The Wiz is an album by Diana Ross , released by Motown Records/Universal on November 27 , 2015 . The album features Ross ' versions of songs from the film version of the musical The Wiz , in which she starred along with Michael Jackson . The songs were originally recorded in 1978 , produced by Ross , Suzanne de Passe and Grammy Award winner Lee Holdridge . Motown originally planned to release the album in 1979 ( a year after the film 's original soundtrack ) but it was cancelled following low box office returns and highly negative critical response to the film . Ross recorded new versions of `` Be a Lion '' and `` Home '' for the album , together with a previously unreleased song , `` Wonder , Wonder Why '' . Home had been released as part of a 2001 Motown compilation album , while a different version of `` Ease on Down the Road '' had been released in 1978 as a duet with Michael Jackson . All other tracks remained unreleased until 2015 . The reissue was remastered and produced by Andrew Skurow , George Solomon , and Harry Weinger . The album was released ahead of the premiere of The Wiz Live ! ( a new adaptation of the 1975 Broadway musical ) with newcomer Shanice Williams reprising Ross ' role of Dorothy ( originally played by Stephanie Mills in the original broadway play ) in the television special that was seen by 11.5 million viewers on NBC ." }, { "docid": "Dirty_looks", "title": "", "text": "Dirty Looks may refer to : Dirty Looks ( album ) , a 1983 album by Juice Newton Dirty Looks ( band ) , an American rock band from San Francisco , California Dirty Looks ( New York band ) , an American rock band from Staten Island , New York `` Dirty Looks '' ( song ) , a 1987 song by Diana Ross" }, { "docid": "Gold_(The_Jackson_5_album)", "title": "", "text": "Gold is a compilation album of songs by The Jackson 5 , an American popular music family group from Gary , Indiana . The founding members were Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , Marlon and Michael . This album features selections from their nine official studio albums during their Motown years . From their 1969 debut album Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 to the last album they recorded together with Motown , 1975 's Moving Violation . The album also includes five new Motown tracks never released before ." }, { "docid": "The_Wiz_(soundtrack)", "title": "", "text": "The Wiz is the original motion picture soundtrack album for the 1978 film adaptation of the Broadway musical The Wiz . Although the film was produced for Universal Pictures by Motown Records ' film division , the soundtrack album was issued on MCA Records as a two-LP collection ( Universal was owned by MCA Inc. at the time ) . Chiefly produced by Quincy Jones , The Wiz soundtrack features non-sync cast performances by the stars of the film , including Diana Ross , Michael Jackson , Nipsey Russell , Ted Ross , Mabel King , Theresa Merritt , Thelma Carpenter , and Lena Horne . Like many musicals of the period , the performances in the soundtrack album are not those used directly in the film , but re-recorded by the same artists at an earlier and/or later date . Several differences are noted including Michael Jackson 's line and a Nipsey Russell scat section being dropped in `` A Brand New Day '' among others . The song `` Is This What Feeling Gets ? '' was not used in the film 's final cut , though the tune is used throughout the film . The track selection is made up of both songs from the original 1975 Broadway musical by Charlie Smalls and Luther Vandross , as well as new songs written for the film by Quincy Jones , Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson , and Anthony Jackson . This soundtrack marks Jones ' first collaboration with Jackson ; Jones would go on to produce Jackson 's hit solo albums Off the Wall , Thriller , and Bad . The album , with its hit single `` Ease On Down the Road '' , was more successful than the film itself , which was a commercial and critical failure . It was certified Gold in the US . It also did well in some European territories like the Netherlands , where `` A Brand New Day '' was a surprise number 1 . When Diana Ross did 2 sold out shows at The Geldredome in 2009 in Arnhem , Netherlands , she ended each concert with a huge finale of `` A Brand New Day '' . The soundtrack also did well in Australia ." }, { "docid": "List_of_United_Kingdom_MPs:_J", "title": "", "text": "Following is an incomplete list of past and present Members of Parliament ( MPs ) of the United Kingdom whose surnames begin with J . The dates in parentheses are the periods for which they were MPs . Michael Jack Glenda Jackson Helen Jackson Stewart Jackson Robert V. Jackson James Berkeley , 3rd Earl of Berkeley Archibald James David James Henry James , 1st Baron James of Hereford Sian James David Jamieson Greville Janner Lena Jeger Santo Jeger Bernard Jenkin Patrick Jenkin Brian Jenkins Toby Jessel Roy Jenkins John Coventry Alan Johnson Boris Johnson Diana Johnson Melanie Johnson Geoffrey Johnson-Smith Thomas Johnston Barry Jones , Baron Jones David Jones Elwyn Jones , Baron Elwyn-Jones Fiona Jones Helen Jones Ieuan Wyn Jones Jon Owen Jones Kevan Jones Lynne Jones Martyn Jones Nigel Jones Michael Jopling Keith Joseph Tessa Jowell William Jowitt , 1st Earl Jowitt Eric Joyce William Joynson-Hicks , 1st Viscount Brentford J" }, { "docid": "It's_My_Turn_(film)", "title": "", "text": "It 's My Turn is a 1980 American romantic comedy-drama film starring Jill Clayburgh , Michael Douglas and Charles Grodin . The film was directed by Claudia Weill and written by Eleanor Bergstein . The producers of It 's My Turn cut out an erotic dancing scene from Bergstein 's screenplay , which sparked her to go on and write a new script that would become the 1987 hit film Dirty Dancing . The film 's title track , played during the final credits -- `` It 's My Turn '' -- was sung by Diana Ross , with music by Michael Masser and lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager . It was released as a single and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100 , peaking at number nine ." }, { "docid": "Michael_Jackson", "title": "", "text": "Michael Joseph Jackson ( August 29 , 1958 -- June 25 , 2009 ) was an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer , actor , and philanthropist . Called the `` King of Pop '' , his contributions to music , dance , and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades . The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 . He began his solo career in 1971 . In the early 1980s , Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music . His music videos , including those of `` Beat It '' , `` Billie Jean '' , and `` Thriller '' from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool . The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame . Jackson 's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` I Just Ca n't Stop Loving You '' , `` Bad '' , `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' , `` Man in the Mirror '' , and `` Dirty Diana '' , becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He continued to innovate with videos such as `` Black or White '' and `` Scream '' throughout the 1990s , and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist . Through stage and video performances , Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques , such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name . His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres . Thriller is the best-selling album of all time , with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide . Jackson 's other albums , including Off the Wall ( 1979 ) , Bad ( 1987 ) , Dangerous ( 1991 ) , and HIStory ( 1995 ) , also rank among the world 's best-selling albums . He is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records . Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the only dancer from pop and rock music . His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records , 13 Grammy Awards , the Grammy Legend Award , the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , 26 American Music Awards -- more than any other artist -- including the `` Artist of the Century '' and `` Artist of the 1980s '' , 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career -- more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era -- and estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide . Jackson won hundreds of awards , making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music . He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when `` Love Never Felt So Good '' reached number nine on May 21 , 2014 . Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism , and , in 2000 , the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities , more than any other entertainer . Aspects of Jackson 's personal life , including his changing appearance , personal relationships , and behavior , generated controversy . In 1993 , he was accused of child sexual abuse , but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought . In 2005 , he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts . While preparing for his comeback concert series , This Is It , Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25 , 2009 , after suffering from cardiac arrest . The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide , and his personal physician , Conrad Murray , was convicted of involuntary manslaughter . Jackson 's death triggered a global outpouring of grief , and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world . Forbes ranks Jackson the top-earning dead celebrity , with earnings of $ 825 million in 2016 , the highest yearly amount ever recorded by the publication ." }, { "docid": "List_of_songs_recorded_by_The_Jackson_5", "title": "", "text": "The Jackson 5 was an American music group , formed in 1963 by the Jackson family brothers Jackie , Jermaine , Marlon , Michael and Tito . The quintet 's first singles were recorded at Steeltown Records , a local label in their hometown of Gary , Indiana . Songs recorded at Steeltown included `` You 've Changed '' , `` We Do n't Have To Be Over 21 ( to Fall in Love ) '' and `` Big Boy '' . According to music journalist Nelson George , Michael Jackson and The Jackson 5 's `` real '' recording history did not begin until their move to Motown Records in 1968 . The then Detroit-based company , led by Berry Gordy , housed established recording artists such as Stevie Wonder , Marvin Gaye and Diana Ross , as well as a producing-writing team known as `` The Corporation '' . Jackson 5 hit singles such as `` I Want You Back '' , `` ABC '' and `` The Love You Save '' were written by the Motown team , and aided the five brothers in becoming the first black teen idols . The success of The Jackson 5 continued throughout the early 1970s , as `` Jackson mania '' emerged due to the fan frenzy caused by American teens . A notable hit single for the group at this time was `` Dancing Machine '' , a dance song produced by Hal Davis , which also contained elements of the emerging disco sound . Despite the success of the single and their overall success at Motown , four of the Jackson brothers decided to part with the company in 1976 , and moved to Epic Records . The group left behind brother Jermaine and the `` 5 '' at the end of their name , as they established themselves as `` The Jacksons '' with the addition of younger sibling Randy . At Epic , the five entered into a two-album collaboration with songwriters Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff , who produced `` Enjoy Yourself '' , the biggest success from the partnership . As Michael Jackson achieved solo success with the studio albums Off the Wall ( 1979 ) and Thriller ( 1982 ) , his musical artistry matured on collaborations with his brothers . The Jacksons ' `` This Place Hotel '' -- from the siblings ' Triumph ( 1980 ) -- contained the singer 's first use of sound effects , horror film motifs and vocal trickery to convey a sense of danger to listeners . The song preceded similar large-scale solo productions , such as `` Wan na Be Startin ' Somethin' '' , `` Thriller '' and `` Smooth Criminal '' . The singing efforts of Michael and his brothers led to the group being inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999 . Two of the band 's recordings ( `` ABC '' and `` I Want You Back '' ) are among The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 's `` 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll '' , with the latter track also included in the Grammy Hall of Fame ." }, { "docid": "Far_Out_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Far Out ( 1996 ) is the second full-length album released on CD by Tadpoles . The album was recorded by the core trio of Todd Parker , David Max and Nick Kramer after drummer , Michael Kite Audino and guitarist Andrew Jackson Shapiro left the group . Guest musicians Edward Odowd ( The Toilet Boys / Psychic TV ) and Steve Savoca ( The Werefrogs ) perform drums and percussion on the album . Additional lap steel guitar was provided by Jeff Passifiume ( Hank McCoy and The Dead Ringers / The Lost Continentals ) . `` Ride The World Around The Sun '' is a rerecording of the song , `` Sunshine '' from the Tadpoles ' Superwhip cassette-only album from 1992 . `` Old Dirty Mushrooms '' was included as a bonus track on the CD version of the album and was not included on the cassette version . `` Old Dirty Mushrooms '' was recorded in 1991 and features just Todd Parker and drummer , Michael Kite Audino , along with sax by Raj Seshu . Far Out is notable in that it received a 4-star review from Rolling Stone Magazine , a rare feat at the time for an independently released CD ." }, { "docid": "Paulinho_da_Costa", "title": "", "text": "Paulinho da Costa ( -LSB- pawˈliɲu da ˈkɔʃtɐ -RSB- , born Paulo Roberto da Costa on May 31 , 1948 ) is a Brazilian percussionist born in Rio de Janeiro , considered one of the most recorded musicians of modern times . Beginning his career as a samba musician in Brazil , he relocated to the United States in the early 1970s and worked with Brazilian bandleader Sérgio Mendes . He went on to perform with many American pop , rock and jazz musicians and participated in thousands of albums , with Down Beat jazz magazine naming him `` one of the most talented percussionists of our time . '' He was an artist on Michael Jackson 's Grammy Award-winning Thriller , Madonna 's True Blue , Celine Dion 's Let 's Talk About Love , hit singles and movie soundtracks , including Saturday Night Fever , Dirty Dancing and Purple Rain and others . He has also toured with Diana Krall . He plays over 200 instruments professionally , and has worked in a variety of music genres including Brazilian , blues , Christian , country , disco , gospel , hip hop , jazz , Latin , pop , rhythm and blues , rock , soul , and world music . He was signed to Norman Granz 's Pablo Records for three of his solo albums , Agora , Happy People and Sunrise , as well as Breakdown on A&M Records . Da Costa is the recipient of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences ' `` Most Valuable Player Award '' for three consecutive years . He is also the recipient of the honorary `` Musicians Emeritus Award ." }, { "docid": "Moving_Violation", "title": "", "text": "Moving Violation is the eleventh studio album by The Jackson 5 . It is the group 's final album on Motown Records . Aiming at the developing disco market , the group 's funk-based version of Diana Ross & the Supremes ' 1968 single `` Forever Came Today '' was a club hit , while the single 's B-side , the R&B ballad `` All I Do Is Think of You '' , became a popular and frequently covered song in its own right . The album sold 1.6 million copies worldwide . After the release of the album , the brothers left Motown , due to the label refusing to let them write their own music and the group making very little from royalties from selling the songs that they recorded . The only brother to stay with the label was Jermaine since he was married to Hazel Gordy , daughter of Motown CEO Berry Gordy . Motown allowed the group to leave the label . However , the group had to change their name , since The Jackson 5 moniker was owned by Motown . The brothers later signed with Philadelphia International Records and Epic Records with youngest Jackson brother Randy under their new name : The Jacksons . The album was arranged by Michael Lovesmith , Arthur G. Wright , Dave Blumberg and James Anthony Carmichael with John Bahler and Michael Lovesmith responsible for the vocal arrangements . John Kosh was the album cover 's designer with photography credited to Jim Britt ." }, { "docid": "Chuckie_(DJ)", "title": "", "text": "Clyde Sergio Narain ( born Paramaribo , Suriname on 25 June 1978 ) known professionally as Chuckie is a Surinamese DJ and producer . He lives in Aruba . Chuckie is a producer of what has been called the `` dirty house '' scene , a cultural movement centered on lively urban club events featuring dancing , bright lights and interactive stage elements . He has also helped develop a style of music known as `` Dirty Dutch '' , a genre characterized by high pitched lead synths over Latin-inspired rhythms and samples . Hits including `` Let the Bass Kick '' , `` Aftershock '' , and `` Make Some Noise '' ( with Junxterjack ) have contributed to his success . Chuckie has also remixed songs for , among others , Michael Jackson and David Guetta , and has produced for 50 Cent , Kesha and Akon . Further , his work has been showcased on the popular EDM focused show `` What 's Hot in EDM ? '' on BBC Radio 1 . He also owns his record label Dirty Dutch Music ." }, { "docid": "Silk_Electric", "title": "", "text": "Silk Electric is a 1982 album released by American entertainer Diana Ross on the RCA label . It reached # 27 on the US Billboard 200 ( # 5 R&B ) , # 33 in the UK Albums Chart and the top 20 in Sweden , Norway and the Netherlands . The album cover was designed by Andy Warhol . The album contains Ross ' Top 10 , Grammy-nominated single , `` Muscles '' , which was produced and written by Michael Jackson . All other tracks were produced by Ross . The song `` I Am Me '' is incorrectly listed as written by Cindy Birdsong instead of Janie Bradford on the Diana Ross Greatest Hits - The RCA Years '' compilation album . The album was certified Gold in the US and Silver in the UK . Ross toured in support of the album in the US , Europe , Australia and Asia . In 1984 , with a different arrangement , the song `` In Your Arms '' , written by Linda Creed & Michael Masser , was covered by Teddy Pendergrass and Whitney Houston as `` Hold Me '' . The album was remastered and re-released on September 2 , 2014 by Funky Town Grooves as an `` Expanded Edition '' , with bonus material ." }, { "docid": "Suzanne_Palmer", "title": "", "text": "Suzanne Palmer is a female Progressive Trance , Club/Dance and House music singer , songwriter and producer born in Chicago , Illinois . She is best known as the lead vocalist on Peter Rauhofer 's Club 69 project , most specifically the hits Much Better ( which hit # 1 in 1998 ) , `` Alright '' and a remake of the Michael Jackson-penned Diana Ross song Muscles ." }, { "docid": "Michael_Jackson_singles_discography", "title": "", "text": "This article lists the singles discography of Michael Jackson , with a partial list of singles released physically and other singles ( non-charting reissues are not included ) . Included are peak chart positions for the United States , Australia , Austria4 , Canada , France5 , Germany , Italy , Netherlands , Norway , New Zealand , Spain , Sweden4 , Switzerland and United Kingdom ; also , certifications by RIAA , ARIA , Music Canada , IFPI Denmark , SNEP , BVMI , IFPI Norway , Recorded Music NZ , PROMUSICAE , IFPI Switzerland , and BPI . In some countries , such as the United Kingdom and Canada , the value of the awards has changed over time ; since 1989 , the certification is based on the single 's year of release . Since 1997 , in the United States and Australia , the certification is based on the year an award is given . NOTES : 1 Not released for sale in the United States ; released only to radio in the United States . 2 Promo-only release . 3 Digital release , or song not released as single that charted based on digital downloads . 4 Jackson was not credited on the charts for his vocal contributions ( except on `` Eaten Alive '' by Diana Ross , which was also credited to Jackson in some countries ) . 5 Prior to September 1993 , the charts in Sweden were released bi-weekly ; Austria released charts bi-weekly in the 1980s , and monthly in the 70s . 6 Prior to November 1984 , there are no reliable weekly charts from France . In 2000 , Fabrice Ferment , in collaboration with SNEP , compiled monthly charts for the period 's pre-SNEP charts based on retail sales of the time ." }, { "docid": "The_Eaten_Alive_Demos", "title": "", "text": "The Eaten Alive Demos as sung by Barry Gibb were made available as downloads on iTunes in October 2006 . The album contained most of the songs with the exception of the title track and `` Chain Reaction '' . In the spring of 2009 , when iTunes changed into DRM-free downloads with higher bit-rates ; all of the Barry Gibb demos were no longer available . In August 2011 all of the Barry Gibb demos reappeared on iTunes shortly after the opening of the download store on his official website where many of the same tracks were available . Another demo of the title track by Michael Jackson is known to have been recorded , but , to this date , has not yet surfaced . In 1985 , Gibb teamed with Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson for the last time to produce an album for a major artist , Diana Ross . Gibb first recorded the first four songs , `` Oh Teacher '' , `` I 'm Watching You '' and `` Do n't Give Up On Each Other '' . Michael Jackson recorded the title track around May 1985 but was not released until this day ." }, { "docid": "Dirty_Laundry_Live", "title": "", "text": "Dirty Laundry Live is an Australian comedy panel television quiz show hosted by Lawrence Mooney . The first of 22 episodes in Season 1 screened live on Thursday 16 May 2013 at 9.30 pm AEST on ABC2 ( with repeats on ABC1 later in the week ) . It returned for 16 episodes in Season 2 the following year in the same timeslot on 15 May 2014 , with longer episodes . The show was moved to ABC for Season 3 with 12 episodes from 28 May 2015 and repeats on ABC2 . The live show features four celebrity panellists , led by Brooke Satchwell . The panel are asked questions and play parlour games based on celebrity gossip and pop culture stories of the week . It also features pre-recorded interviews with celebrities by Lawrence Mooney , Luke McGregor , Ronny Chieng , and others , and segments by non-panelists , such as Sam Simmons and the ` ghost of Michael Jackson ' ." } ]
90243	American Gods' adaptation began airing.	[ { "docid": "American_Gods", "title": "", "text": "American Gods is a Hugo and Nebula Award-winning novel by English author Neil Gaiman . The novel is a blend of Americana , fantasy , and various strands of ancient and modern mythology , all centering on the mysterious and taciturn Shadow . Several of the themes touched upon in the book were previously glimpsed in The Sandman comic book series . The book was published in 2001 by Headline in the United Kingdom and by William Morrow in the United States . A special tenth anniversary edition , which includes the `` author 's preferred text '' and 12,000 additional words , was published in June 2011 by William Morrow . The text is identical to the signed and numbered limited edition released in 2003 by Hill House Publishers , and to the edition from Headline , Gaiman 's publisher in the UK since 2005 . The tenth anniversary edition marks the first time the author 's preferred text has been available in wide release outside the UK . Gaiman also did an extensive sold-out book tour celebrating the tenth anniversary and promoting the book in 2011 . There are two audio versions of the book , both produced and published by Harper Audio : an unabridged version of the original published edition , read by George Guidall , released in 2001 ; and a full cast audiobook version of the tenth anniversary edition , including the author 's preferred text and 12,000 additional words , released in 2011 . The full cast audiobook project also was announced on Neil Gaiman 's blog , along with a contest in which participants could submit audio auditions and the winner would get an all expense paid trip to New York City , to record a part for the audio book . In March 2017 , The Folio Society published a special collector 's edition of American Gods with many corrections to the author 's preferred text version . Gaiman described it as ` the cleanest text there has ever been ' . In April 2017 , Starz began airing an eponymous television adaptation of the novel . Bryan Fuller and Michael Green serve as showrunners , and Gaiman is an executive producer ." } ]	[ { "docid": "God_Eater_(anime)", "title": "", "text": "is an anime adaptation of the God Eater video game series . It is animated by Ufotable and began airing on July 12 , 2015 after a one-week delay ." }, { "docid": "Somewhere_Between_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Somewhere Between is an upcoming American drama television series commissioned by ABC and produced by ITV Studios America and Thunderbird Entertainment . The show is an American adaption of the Korean mystery TV show God 's Gift : 14 Days , which aired on SBS . The show follows a mother who tries to change the fate of her daughter 's murder . It will star Paula Patton , while Stephen Tolkin ( Legend of the Seeker , Brothers & Sisters ) will serve as writer and executive producer . Production began on March 7 , 2017 , in Vancouver . The series is set to premiere on July 24 , 2017 . Episode one will be called `` Appointment in Samarra ''" }, { "docid": "Puzzle_&_Dragons_X", "title": "", "text": "is a spinoff of the mobile game Puzzle & Dragons for the Nintendo 3DS by GungHo Online Entertainment . It was released in two versions simultaneously on July 28 , 2016 , named the Gods Chapter and the Dragons Chapter . An anime adaptation by the studio Pierrot began airing on July 4 , 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Sunday_Without_God", "title": "", "text": ", also known as for short , is a Japanese light novel series written by Kimihito Irie , with illustrations by Shino . Fujimi Shobo has published nine volumes since January 2010 under their Fujimi Fantasia Bunko imprint . A manga adaptation by Abaraheiki began serialization in the November 2010 issue of Fujimi Shobo 's Monthly Dragon Age . A drama CD was released by Marine Entertainment on December 29 , 2010 . A 12-episode anime television series adaptation produced by Madhouse and directed by Yūji Kumazawa , aired between July and September 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Son_of_God_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Son of God is a 2014 American epic biblical drama film , produced by Mark Burnett and Roma Downey . The film premiered in New York , and Los Angeles for a limited release on February 21 , 2014 , and then into a wide release on February 28 , 2014 . The film retells the life of Jesus and is an adaptation of the ten-hour miniseries The Bible , which aired in March 2013 on the History channel ." }, { "docid": "Chi's_Sweet_Home", "title": "", "text": "is a manga series written and illustrated by Kanata Konami . It has been serialized in Kodansha 's seinen manga magazine Weekly Morning since 2004 . The manga has been licensed for North American distribution by Vertical Inc. . To date , it has been collected in twelve volumes , with the most recent being published in America in November 2015 . An anime adaptation lasting two seasons began airing on March 31 , 2008 and concluded on September 25 , 2009 . A new 3DCG anime television adaptation began airing on October 2 , 2016 ." }, { "docid": "The_Story_of_God_with_Morgan_Freeman", "title": "", "text": "The Story of God with Morgan Freeman is an American television documentary series that premiered on the National Geographic Channel on April 3 , 2016 . The six-part series features actor Morgan Freeman who explores various cultures and religions , and their take on religion-related topics , particularly about their belief in a God or a higher power . The second season began airing on January 16 , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "American_Experience_(season_23)", "title": "", "text": "Season twenty-three of the television program American Experience originally aired on the PBS network in the United States on October 11 , 2010 and concluded on May 16 , 2011 . The season contained 12 episodes and began with the first two parts of the God in America miniseries , `` A New Adam '' and `` A New Eden '' . The `` God in America '' film was also co-produced with the PBS documentary program Frontline ." }, { "docid": "Yowamushi_Pedal", "title": "", "text": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Wataru Watanabe . It began serialization in the 12th issue of Akita Shoten 's Weekly Shōnen Champion in 2008 , and as of November 8 , 2016 , has published 48 compiled volumes . An anime television series adaptation began airing on October 7 , 2013 and currently has two seasons of which both are licensed by Discotek Media in North America . A live-action television drama adaptation aired in August 2016 , while a third season of the anime series began airing on January 10 , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "Gods_of_Honour", "title": "", "text": "Gods of Honour is a Hong Kong television series adapted from the novel Fengshen Bang ( also known as Investiture of the Gods or Creation of the Gods ) , a Chinese vernacular classic written by Xu Zhonglin and Lu Xixing . The series was first aired on TVB Jade in Hong Kong in 2001 . It starred Benny Chan , Chin Kar-lok , Irene Wan , Michelle Ye , Dickson Lee , Yuen Wah , Kingdom Yuen and Winnie Yeung in the lead roles ." }, { "docid": "Magikano", "title": "", "text": "is a manga series by Takeaki Momose , which was later adapted into an anime series , directed by Seiji Kishi and written by Hideki Mitsui . The anime series was also broadcast by Animax , who adapted and dubbed the series into English for broadcast across its English language networks in Southeast Asia and South Asia from February 2007 , where the series received its English language premiere . ADV Films has licensed the rights for the North American release of Magikano on DVD for $ 65,000 , and released the first volume on December 4 , 2007 . ADV Films ' Anime Network began airing the anime on January 3 , 2008 on their Subscription On Demand platform . On March 6 , 2008 the anime began airing on their Free On Demand platform . In July 2008 , the series became one of over 30 ADV titles to be transferred to Funimation ." }, { "docid": "Nura:_Rise_of_the_Yokai_Clan", "title": "", "text": "Nura : Rise of the Yokai Clan , known in Japan as , is a manga series written and illustrated by Hiroshi Shiibashi . The series was first published in Shueisha as a oneshot in 2007 . The manga has been continuously serialized in the Japanese manga anthology Weekly Shōnen Jump since March 2008 and has been collected into 25 tankōbon volumes as of December 2012 . A Drama CD was released in December 2009 . An anime adaptation by Studio Deen began airing in Japan on July 5 , 2010 . Also , a second season called began airing in Japan on July 3 , 2011 . Viz Media acquired the licensing rights for a North American release of the manga and anime adaptations . The anime episodes have been streamed on Viz Media 's anime streaming site , Viz Anime , since July 2010 , while the first manga volume was released February 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Demi-Gods_and_Semi-Devils_(2003_TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils is a Chinese television series adapted from Louis Cha 's novel of the same title . It was first aired in China on CCTV on 22 December 2003 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Beyblade_Burst_God_episodes", "title": "", "text": "Beyblade Burst God is the 2017 sequel to the anime television series Beyblade Burst . It was adapted by OLM and aired in all TXN stations in Japan on April 4 , 2017 . The opening theme is `` EVOLUTION BURST ! '' while the ending theme is `` Beyxercise '' ." }, { "docid": "GoShogun", "title": "", "text": "is a super robot anime series produced and aired in 1981 in Japan , with a movie special released in 1982 and a film sequel , GoShogun : The Time Étranger or Time Stranger , in 1985 . Its title has been variously translated into English as `` Demon God of the War-Torn Land GoShogun '' , `` Warring Demon God GoShogun '' , and `` Civil War Devil-God GoShogun , '' but in the US and parts of Europe it is primarily known as Macron 1 , the title of its North American adaptation . The GoShogun series and its film sequel , The Time Étranger , were both written by Takeshi Shudo and directed by Kunihiko Yuyama . The series is noted for its witty dialogue and lighthearted parody of its own genre conventions . The Time Étranger shifts away from the original genre , leaving the robot aside entirely to focus on the strong and complex heroine . It has been praised for its serious tone , psychological intensity , and handling of mature themes ." }, { "docid": "Back_to_God's_Country", "title": "", "text": "Back to God 's Country may refer to : `` Back to God 's Country '' ( originally `` Wapi the Walrus '' ) , a short story by James Oliver Curwood , adapted for the following three films : Back to God 's Country ( 1919 film ) , a Canadian silent film starring Nell Shipman Back to God 's Country ( 1927 film ) , an American silent film starring Renée Adorée Back to God 's Country ( 1953 film ) , an American film starring Rock Hudson" }, { "docid": "The_Legend_and_the_Hero", "title": "", "text": "The Legend and the Hero is a 2007 Chinese television series adapted from the novel Fengshen Yanyi ( also known as Investiture of the Gods or Creation of the Gods ) written by Xu Zhonglin and Lu Xixing . The first season started airing on CCTV-8 in February 2007 . It was followed by a sequel , The Legend and the Hero 2 in 2009 ." }, { "docid": "The_Demi-Gods_and_Semi-Devils_(2013_TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "The Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils is a Chinese television series adapted from Louis Cha 's novel Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils . It is produced by the companies Zhejiang Hua Ce Media and Dong Yang Da Qian Media , and directed by Hong Kong television series director Lai Shui-ching . Filming started on 10 November 2012 . The series was first aired on Hunan TV on 22 December 2013 ." }, { "docid": "The_Firm_(2012_TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "The Firm is a Canadian-American one-hour television drama that began airing in January 2012 on Global in Canada and NBC in the United States and in February 2012 on AXN , and is a sequel to the 1991 John Grisham novel of the same name and its 1993 film adaptation . The television adaptation is set ten years after the novel and film . On February 3 , 2012 , NBC announced that the series would be pulled from its Thursday 10/9c slot immediately , and placed on Saturdays at 9/8c starting on February 18 . AXN began broadcasts in over 125 territories and countries on February 19 . On May 13 , 2012 , NBC confirmed that The Firm had been canceled ." }, { "docid": "Gate_(novel_series)", "title": "", "text": "is a Japanese fantasy novel series written by Takumi Yanai and illustrated by Daisuke Izuka and Kurojishi from 2006 and later published by AlphaPolis . A manga adaptation illustrated by Satoru Sao began in July 2011 , and three spin-off manga began in 2015 . The first half of an anime television series adaptation aired from July to September 2015 and the second half aired from January to March 2016 . The series has been licensed by Sentai Filmworks in North America ." }, { "docid": "Nekogami_Yaoyorozu", "title": "", "text": ", also known as Cat God , is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Flipflops about a cat goddess that lives in an antique shop . An anime television adaptation by AIC PLUS + aired in Japan between July and September 2011 and has been licensed in North America by NIS America under the title The Everyday Tales of a Cat God ." }, { "docid": "Kuroko's_Basketball", "title": "", "text": "Kuroko 's Basketball , known in Japan as , is a Japanese sports manga series written and illustrated by Tadatoshi Fujimaki . The English rendering The Basketball Which Kuroko Plays also appears in the artwork of the Japanese version . It was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from December 2008 to September 2014 , with the individual chapters collected into 30 tankōbon volumes by Shueisha . It tells the story of a high school basketball team trying to make it to the national tournament . By April 2014 , Kuroko 's Basketball had 27 million copies in circulation . It was adapted into an anime television series by Production I.G that began airing in 2012 , with a second season that began airing in October 2013 and a third season that began airing in January 2015 . A sequel manga by Fujimaki titled began serialization in Jump Next ! on December 29 , 2014 . Viz Media has licensed the manga for publication in North America . An anime film adaptation of the Kuroko 's Basketball : Extra Game manga premiered in Japan on March 18 , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "Thunderbolt_Fantasy", "title": "", "text": "is a Japanese-Taiwanese glove puppetry television series created and written by Gen Urobuchi and produced as a collaboration between Japanese companies Nitroplus and Good Smile Company and Taiwanese puppet production company Pili International Multimedia . The series began airing in Japan starting July 8 , 2016 and is being simulcast by iQiyi Taiwan , and Crunchyroll under 3 official languages : Taiwanese Min-Nan aired in Taiwan , Mandarin Chinese aired in China , and Japanese aired in Japan . A manga adaptation illustrated by Yui Sakuma began serialization in Kodansha 's Weekly Morning magazine on July 21 , 2016 . A second adaption , told from the perspective of Dān Fěi , and illustrated by Kairi Shimotsuki , began serialization in Akita Shoten 's Champion Cross online magazine on September 27 , 2016 . A side novel that focuses on the pasts of Lǐn Xuě Yā , Xíng Hài , and Shā Wú Shēng was released on April 7 , 2017 . A sequel to the television series is currently in production ." }, { "docid": "Weakest_Link_(U.S._game_show)", "title": "", "text": "The American game show Weakest Link was an adaptation of a British series of the same name that made its debut on American television in 2001 . The series made its debut on NBC on April 16 , 2001 , and aired once a week for sixty minutes as part of the network 's prime time schedule . The network cancelled Weakest Link in 2002 and its final episode aired on July 14 , 2002 , with ten episodes left unaired . These were eventually shown on PAX and GSN years later . While the primetime series was still being produced , NBC began developing a daily thirty-minute edition for local stations . This series launched in syndication on January 7 , 2002 , and aired for a season and a half with the last new episode airing on May 20 , 2003 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Wolverine_and_the_X-Men_episodes", "title": "", "text": "Wolverine and the X-Men is an American cartoon series by Marvel Animation . It is the fourth animated adaptation of the X-Men characters , the other three being Pryde of the X-Men , X-Men , and X-Men : Evolution . The show began airing in the United States on January 23 , 2009 . On September 6 , 2008 , in Canada , Teletoon began airing Wolverine and the X-Men starting from the beginning . All the episodes have finished airing in Mexico , Brazil , and Portugal , and are no longer running in the United States on Nicktoons , in Canada on YTV , in Australia on ABC , and in Singapore on okto . In the United States and Canada , the series is shown in full screen ( 4:3 aspect ratio ) , while in the UK , it is shown in its original widescreen format . Another difference between the broadcasts is that the UK version is edited for violent content , with the 17th episode , `` Code of Conduct '' , not airing at all as a result ." }, { "docid": "Samurai_Pizza_Cats", "title": "", "text": "Samurai Pizza Cats is an American animated television adaptation of the anime series Kyatto Ninden Teyandee ( Cat Ninja Legend Teyandee ) , produced by Tatsunoko Productions and Sotsu Agency . Saban picked up the North American rights to the series in 1991 , which originally aired in Japan on TV Tokyo from 1 February 1990 to 12 February 1991 for a total of 54 episodes , and produced an English adaption for a total of 52 episodes . The English version of the series first aired in 1993 on YTV in Canada and in 1996 in the United States on first-run syndication . The English language version became a cult hit among anime fans due to its rapid-fire pop culture references and farcical nature . Saban 's distribution rights to the series expired in 2002 . Discotek Media currently holds the North American home video license to the series in North America , while Madman Entertainment holds the license for Australia and New Zealand . Crunchyroll began streaming the series on December 27 , 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Our_Miss_Brooks", "title": "", "text": "Our Miss Brooks is an American situation comedy starring Eve Arden as a sardonic high-school English teacher . It began as a radio show broadcast on CBS from 1948 to 1957 . When the show was adapted to television ( 1952 -- 56 ) , it became one of the medium 's earliest hits . In 1956 , the sitcom was adapted for big screen in the film of the same name . The television episodes have returned to air as of September 6 , 2016 , shown every weekday on MeTV at 5:00 a.m." }, { "docid": "List_of_The_Royals_episodes", "title": "", "text": "The Royals is an American television drama series aired on E! that debuted on March 15 , 2015 . The series began as a loose adaptation of the Michelle Ray novel Falling for Hamlet , and each episode is named a line of dialogue from William Shakespeare 's Hamlet . The series features a fictional contemporary British royal family as they deal with drama and scandals inside and outside of their family while in the public eye . As of , 30 original episodes of The Royals have aired ." }, { "docid": "Fate/kaleid_liner_Prisma_Illya", "title": "", "text": "is a manga series by Hiroshi Hiroyama ( also known as KALMIA ) , serialized in Kadokawa Shoten 's Comp Ace magazine from 2007 to 2008 . It is an alternate universe spin-off of the Fate/stay night visual novel by Type-Moon , with Illyasviel von Einzbern as the protagonist . Various other characters from Fate/stay night and its sequels and spin-offs also appear . A sequel series titled was serialized from 2009 to 2012 . A third manga series titled began serialization in 2012 . A 10-episode anime television series adaptation by Silver Link aired on Tokyo MX between July and September 2013 . A second anime season , adapting the sequel manga Fate/kaleid liner Prisma Illya 2wei ! , aired between July and September 2014 . A third season titled Fate/kaleid liner Prisma Illya 2wei Herz ! began airing in July 2015 . A fourth season titled Fate/kaleid liner Prisma Illya 3rei ! aired between July and September 2016 . An animated film is in production . A video game adaptation titled , published by Kadokawa Games for the Nintendo 3DS , was released in Japan on July 31 , 2014 ." }, { "docid": "The_Screen_Savers", "title": "", "text": "The Screen Savers is an American TV show that aired on TechTV from 1998 to 2005 . The show launched concurrently with the channel ZDTV ( later known as TechTV ) on May 11 , 1998 . The Screen Savers originally centered on computers , new technologies , and their adaptations in the world . However , after it was taken over by G4 , the show became more general-interest oriented and focused somewhat less on technology . The final episode of The Screen Savers aired on March 18 , 2005 . Repeat episodes continued to air until March 25 , 2005 when its replacement program , Attack of the Show ! began 3 days later on March 28 , 2005 . Two spiritual successors to The Screen Savers , This Week in Tech on the TWiT Network with Leo Laporte and Tekzilla on Revision3 with Patrick Norton , were started after the original show concluded . On April 19 , 2015 , Leo Laporte announced The New Screen Savers , which began airing on TWiT network May 2 , 2015 ." } ]
8626	Adrienne Bailon is an American actress.	[ { "docid": "Adrienne_Bailon", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Eliza Houghton ( née Bailon ; born October 24 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter , recording artist , actress , dancer and television personality . Adrienne Bailon first became publicly known when she rose to fame as one of the founding members and singer of both 3LW ( 1999 -- 2007 ) and Disney 's The Cheetah Girls ( 2003 -- 2008 ) . Bailon recorded a debut solo album which was later shelved . Since then , Bailon has stated that she plans to record a Spanish-language solo album . Aside from her work in 3LW and The Cheetah Girls , Bailon went on to develop her own acting career with roles in The Cheetah Girls films , Coach Carter and the MTV film All You 've Got . Aside from her work in film , she has also guest starred in numerous television series including the Disney Channel series That 's So Raven and The Suite Life of Zack & Cody . Bailon has established a solo music career , contributing two solo tracks , including `` What If '' , to The Cheetah Girls : One World soundtrack as well as the Confessions of a Shopaholic soundtrack , and numerous other guest musical ventures . Bailon co-stars alongside television personality , model and actress Julissa Bermudez in their own reality series , Empire Girls : Julissa and Adrienne which airs on the Style Network . Adrienne met Julissa on the set of the 2006 film All You 've Got . Currently , Bailon is one of the hosts of syndicated talk show The Real along with former fellow Disney Channel star Tamera Mowry , Jeannie Mai , and Loni Love , which premiered on July 15 , 2013 . Bailon 's career , spanning over 16 years with both 3LW and The Cheetah Girls , has helped her sell a combined 5.6 million recording albums worldwide ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Julissa_Bermudez", "title": "", "text": "Julissa Bermúdez ( born September 28 , 1983 ) is a Dominican American television personality , actress , dancer , model and singer . She is best known for being a co-host on BET 's most popular music video countdown show 106 & Park from 2005 until 2006 and former host of Jersey Shore : After Hours and related Jersey Shore specials . She co-stars alongside recording artist and actress Adrienne Bailon in their own reality series , Empire Girls : Julissa and Adrienne which airs on the Style network ." }, { "docid": "Empire_Girls:_Julissa_and_Adrienne", "title": "", "text": "Empire Girls : Julissa and Adrienne is an American reality television series that premiered on the Style Network on June 3 , 2012 . The series follows the lives of rising Latina stars and best friends Julissa Bermudez and Adrienne Bailon as they try to get their big breaks in the entertainment industry ." }, { "docid": "Loni_Love", "title": "", "text": "Loni Love ( born July 12 , 1970 or 1971 ) is an American comedian and actress . While working as an electrical engineer in 2003 , Love began to pursue a career in music engineering . She was the runner-up on Star Search 2003 and was named among the `` Top 10 Comics to Watch '' in both Variety and Comedy Central in 2009 . She is currently one of the hosts of The Real talk show along with Jeannie Mai , Tamera Mowry and Adrienne Bailon , which premiered on July 15 , 2013 ." }, { "docid": "The_Cheetah_Girls_(film_series)", "title": "", "text": "The Cheetah Girls is a musical comedy trilogy series produced by Debra Martin Chase , co-produced by Cheryl Hill and executive produced by Whitney Houston . Actresses including Raven-Symoné , Adrienne Bailon , Sabrina Bryan , Kiely Williams , and Lynn Whitfield are featured in the films . Besides The Cheetah Girls which was set in New York City , each of the other films have been set in a foreign country : The Cheetah Girls 2 in Barcelona , Spain , and The Cheetah Girls : One World in New Delhi , India ." }, { "docid": "3LW", "title": "", "text": "3LW ( initialism of `` 3 Little Women '' ) was an American girl group that enjoyed a number of modest hits during the early 2000s . Its founding members were Adrienne Bailon , Kiely Williams , and Naturi Naughton . Jessica Benson later replaced Naughton after she left the group in 2002 . 3LW was signed to the label Epic Records , and later moved to So So Def ." }, { "docid": "All_You've_Got", "title": "", "text": "All You 've Got is a 2006 sport/drama film , which debuted on MTV and is directed by Neema Barnette . It stars Adrienne Bailon , of the pop group The Cheetah Girls as Gabby and Ciara in her film debut as Becca Watley ." }, { "docid": "Chat_Silayan", "title": "", "text": "Maria Rosario Silayan-Bailon better known as Chat Silayan ( July 8 , 1959 - April 23 , 2006 ) was a Filipino beauty queen and actress . She won the Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1980 crown and became the Third Runner-up at Miss Universe 1980 . A year after her stint in Miss Universe , her acting career began and she became one of the most popular and acclaimed actresses in the Philippines . She was the daughter of theatre and movie actor Vic Silayan and the aunt of Victor Silayan . She retired from acting in 2003 and became active in church activities and worked as a part-time announcer and host for The 700 Club Asia . Silayan died aged 46 on April 23 , 2006 due to colon cancer . She was survived by her husband Michael Bailon and three children , Victor Margheriti , Timothy Bailon , and Micaela Bailon . Her grave is located in Manila Memorial Park , Paranaque City ." }, { "docid": "RaVaughn", "title": "", "text": "RaVaughn Nichelle Brown is a singer-songwriter and actress from Carson , California initially signed to Ne-Yo 's imprint Compound University which includes artists such as Adrienne Bailon , who later moved to Columbia Records in 2011 . She is the older sister of actress Rhyon Nicole Brown . Influenced by artists like Mary J. Blige , Aretha Franklin , Anita Baker , Beyoncé , and Nas , RaVaughn brings a unique twist to R&B mixing in pop and rock elements of her own . She has recorded demos and background vocals for multiple artists including Celine Dion , Natasha Bedingfield , Jennifer Hudson and R&B singer Brandy for whom she wrote the first single from her 2008 album Human , `` Right Here ( Departed ) '' . ReVaughn released her debut EP titled Love Always ... The Introduction in 2012 . ReVaughn also has two singles released from her upcoming debut album Love Always -- `` Better Be Good '' featuring D.C.-based rapper Wale , and `` Best Friend '' ." }, { "docid": "Tamera_Mowry", "title": "", "text": "Tamera Darvette Mowry-Housley ( -LSB- tə 'm ɛrə _ 'm ɔːri -RSB- born July 6 , 1978 ) is an American actress and model . She first gained fame for her teen role as Tamera Campbell on the ABC/WB sitcom Sister , Sister ( opposite her identical twin sister Tia Mowry ) . She has also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Twitches and its sequel , Twitches Too , and she played Dr. Kayla Thornton on the medical drama Strong Medicine . A reality TV show following her and her twin sister 's lives , Tia & Tamera , began airing on the Style Network in 2011 , ending in 2013 after three seasons . Currently , she is one of the hosts of The Real talk show along with former fellow Disney Channel star Adrienne Bailon , Jeannie Mai , and Loni Love , which premiered on July 15 , 2013 . She and her identical twin sister Tia Mowry were in a singing group in the early 1990s called Voices . The group debuted their first single , `` Yeah , Yeah , Yeah ! '' in 1992 and charted No. 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Ellis", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Ellis ( born February 9 , 1944 ) is an American-Canadian actress , and the mother of actress Laurie Holden ." }, { "docid": "Ven_Conmigo_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Ven Conmigo '' ( English : Come With Me ) is the first official single by Puerto Rican reggaeton singer Daddy Yankee featuring bachata singer Prince Royce from Daddy Yankee 's sixth studio album , Prestige ( 2012 ) . The single was released to radios on April 12 , 2011 and digitally on April 19 , 2011 . The song was produced by Musicologo and Menes . An English version that featured Daddy Yankee , Prince Royce , R&B / Latino singer Elijah King & former 3LW & Cheetah Girl singer Adrienne Bailon has been released . received and award for `` Urban Song of the Year '' at the 2012 ASCAP Awards , which are awarded annually by the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers in the United States ." }, { "docid": "I'm_in_Love_with_a_Church_Girl", "title": "", "text": "I 'm in Love with a Church Girl is a 2013 Christian drama film , directed by Steve Race . It stars Jeff ` Ja Rule ' Atkins , Adrienne Bailon , Stephen Baldwin , Vincent Pastore , Toby Mac , T-Bone and Michael Madsen . The film was released in theaters on October 18 , 2013 . Reviews from mainstream media were negative while the response from Christian media was more positive ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Ames", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Ames ( August 3 , 1907 -- May 31 , 1947 ) was an American film actress ." }, { "docid": "Jeannie_Mai", "title": "", "text": "Jeannie Camtu Mai ( -LSB- maɪ -RSB- born January 4 , 1979 ) is an American hostess , fashion expert , executive producer and TV personality . She is most known for How Do I Look ? , and USA 's Character Fantasy . As a fashion expert , she is frequently featured on numerous television programs and networks such as NBC 's Today Show on the `` Fashion Tips Today '' segment , Extra TV , Entertainment Tonight , Insider and E! Entertainment as well as NBC 's co-owned pageant Miss Universe . She is currently one of the hosts on The Real talk show along with Tamera Mowry-Housley , Loni Love , and Adrienne Bailon , which premiered on July 15 , 2013 . Mai also coined the term wearapy , which she defines as how one can manipulate his/her mood from the outside in through style ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Marden", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Marden ( September 2 , 1909 -- November 9 , 1978 ) was an American film and television actress ." }, { "docid": "Cheetah-licious_Christmas", "title": "", "text": "Cheetah-licious Christmas is a Christmas album by The Cheetah Girls . It is also the first album the girls released as an official musical group , however group member Adrienne Bailon later stated that the album does not serve as their official debut album . It was released by Walt Disney Records on October 11 , 2005 . The album features eight classic Christmas songs as well as five original songs . The album peaked at # 74 on the Billboard charts . Single includes Cheetah-licious Christmas , as well as the Radio Disney single Five More Days 'til Christmas ." }, { "docid": "Tamar_Braxton", "title": "", "text": "Tamar Estine Braxton ( -LSB- ˈteɪmɑr -RSB- born March 17 , 1977 ) is an American singer , television personality and actress . Braxton had her first big break in music in 1990 as a founding member of the American R&B singing group The Braxtons , formed with her sisters . The Braxtons released their debut album , So Many Ways , as a trio in 1996 . In 2000 , Braxton began her solo career , after signing with DreamWorks Records . She released her debut self-titled album that same year . The album was not commercially successful , leading to Braxton being dropped from the label 's roster . In 2011 , Braxton reunited with her sisters for the WE tv reality show Braxton Family Values . The first season was the # 1 rated reality show on WE tv , and the network ordered a 13-episode second season of the show after the third episode . Braxton returned to the music industry after a thirteen-year break , with her second album , Love and War ( 2013 ) . The album was released through Epic Records and became a commercial success . Braxton is a former co-host of The Real talk show for the Fox Broadcasting Company , which she co-hosted from 2013 to 2016 , along with Tamera Mowry-Housley , Adrienne Bailon , Jeannie Mai and Loni Love , since the talk show premiered on July 15 , 2013 . Braxton 's latest career venture is an exclusive television development deal signed with the Steve Harvey owned East 112th Street Productions , for her own talk show and television series ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Dore", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Dore ( 1910 -- 1992 ) was an American model and film actress . She was also first runner up in the Miss America 1925 pageant ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Janic", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Janic ( Serbian Cyrillic : Адриана Јанић ) , ( born July 25 , 1974 ) , sometimes credited simply as AJ , is an American actress and television host of Serbian and Mexican descent ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_C._Moore", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne C. Moore ( born August 14 , 1980 ) is an American actress , known for her role as Cindy `` Black Cindy '' Hayes in the Netflix comedy-drama series Orange Is the New Black ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_King", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne King ( born July 21 , 1955 ) is an American film actress , winemaker , and painter . She is best known for her role as Alice in the horror film series Friday the 13th . She got her start in the television film Inside the Wind ( 1965 ) and has starred in films such as The Butterfly Room ( 2012 ) , Tales of Poe ( 2014 ) , and All American Bully ( 2015 ) ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Frantz", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Danielle Frantz ( born June 7 , 1978 in Mount Clemens , Michigan ) is an American actress and singer-songwriter . She is known for her role as Amber Moore in The Bold and the Beautiful ( 1997 -- 2005 , 2010 -- 2012 ) and The Young and the Restless ( 2006 -- 2010 , 2013 ) ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_McNeil_Herndon", "title": "", "text": "__ NOTOC __ Adrienne Elizabeth McNeil Herndon was an actress , professor , and activist in Atlanta , Georgia . While admittedly an African American to friends and colleagues , she performed with the stage name Anne Du Bignon and claimed French-Creole heritage . She was one of the first African American faculty at the University of Atlanta , where she met W. E. B. Du Bois and subsequently worked with him . Herndon and Alonzo Herndon were an influential couple ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne-Joi_Johnson", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne-Joi Johnson ( born January 2 , 1963 ) , sometimes credited as A.J. Johnson , is an American actress , choreographer and fitness coach . Acting since 1988 , Johnson has made many guest appearances on sitcoms , television dramas and music videos ; she also has numerous supporting roles in films , including House Party and Baby Boy ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Shelly", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Levine ( June 24 , 1966 -- November 1 , 2006 ) , better known by the stage name Adrienne Shelly ( sometimes credited as Adrienne Shelley ) , was an American actress , film director and screenwriter . She became known for roles in independent films such as 1989 's The Unbelievable Truth and 1990 's Trust . She wrote , co-starred in , and directed the 2007-released film Waitress , which ultimately won five awards . In late 2006 Shelly was the married mother of an infant daughter and was waiting to see if Waitress would be accepted for the Sundance Film Festival . On November 1 , 2006 , Shelly was found dead , hanging in the shower of her Greenwich Village work studio apartment . The initial examination of the scene did not reveal any suspicious circumstances , and police apparently believed it to be a suicide . Her husband insisted she would never have taken her own life , and brought about a re-examination of the bathroom that disclosed a suspect footprint . Police arrested a construction worker , an illegal immigrant from Ecuador who confessed to killing Shelly and making it look as if she had committed suicide . Shelly 's husband established the Adrienne Shelly Foundation , which awards scholarships , production grants , finishing funds , and living stipends to artists . In her honor , the Women Film Critics Circle gives an annual Adrienne Shelly Award to the film that it finds `` most passionately opposes violence against women . ''" }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Posta", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Posta ( born Adrienne Luanne Poster , 4 March 1949 ) is an English film and television actress and singer , prominent during the 1960s and 1970s . She adopted the surname ` Posta ' in 1966 ." }, { "docid": "Cherry_Martinez", "title": "", "text": "Deborah Tennyson ( born October 10 , 1974 ) , known professionally as Cherry Martinez , is a radio personality , DJ , program director , philanthropist , and chairman/publisher of Cherry On Top . Cherry Martinez was host of No. 1 evening DJ program in New York , Power 105.1 and following host for the nationally syndicated radio program `` Power After Hours '' . Also specializing in celebrity news , guest interviews included Jae Millz , Chrisette Michele , Adrienne Bailon , and Charlie Baltimore . Cherry is also known for founding the annual women 's media/entertainment ceremonial Girl Power Awards , with ( VH1 Executive Producer , CEO ) Mona Scott and a developed feud with radio DJ Funkmaster Flex of rival station Hot 97 . She is recognized as the voice on the Hip Hop record `` Funkorama '' by Redman off the Insomnia ( Erick Sermon album ) ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Lecouvreur_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Lecouvreur is a 1938 French-German biographical film directed by Marcel L'Herbier and starring Yvonne Printemps , Pierre Fresnay and Junie Astor . The film was a co-production between the two countries , and was made at UFA 's Berlin Studios . It was based on the 1849 play Adrienne Lecouvreur by Eugène Scribe and Ernest Legouvé about the life of the eighteenth century actress Adrienne Lecouvreur ." }, { "docid": "Adrienne_Lecouvreur_(play)", "title": "", "text": "Adrienne Lecouvreur is a French tragic play written by Ernest Legouvé and Eugène Scribe . It portrays the life of the leading French actress of the eighteenth century Adrienne Lecouvreur and her mysterious death . It was produced April 14 , 1849 ." }, { "docid": "Joe_Bailon", "title": "", "text": "Joe Bailon ( born March 18 , 1923 ) is a car customizer credited with creating the paint color Candy Apple Red -- which eventually led to a full spectrum of candy paint colors , each with a metallic base-coat , a transparent color coat and a final clear coat . Bailon has customized such cars as Zsa Zsa Gabor 's Rolls-Royce , Danny Thomas ' Continental , Dean Martin 's Cadillac station wagon and Sammy Davis , Jr. 's , Chevrolet Vega wagon . Joe built the Olds Toronado-powered Pink Panther car of the eponymous films . He is a member of National Rod & Custom Museum Hall of Fame . The San Francisco Rod , Custom and Motorcycle Show annually gives the Joe Bailon Elegance Award for the visual appearance of the paint , interior , engine , design and suspension . The trophy , unique for the award , features a Candy Apple Red apple , painted by Bailon . Bailon , who grew up in Newcastle , California , as the youngest of ten children , later worked in the Richmond Shipyards prior to fighting in World War II and later customizing cars . He lives in Auburn , California ." } ]
213015	Marlon Brando was in any movie but Julius Caesar.	[ { "docid": "Marlon_Brando", "title": "", "text": "Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements . He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 . The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s . Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Julius_Caesar_(1953_film)", "title": "", "text": "Julius Caesar is a 1953 epic Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the play by Shakespeare , directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz , who also wrote the uncredited screenplay , and produced by John Houseman . The original music score is by Miklós Rózsa . The film stars Marlon Brando as Mark Antony , James Mason as Brutus , John Gielgud as Cassius , Louis Calhern as Julius Caesar , Edmond O'Brien as Casca , Greer Garson as Calpurnia , and Deborah Kerr as Portia ." }, { "docid": "Julius_Caesar_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Gaius Julius Caesar ( 100 -- 44 BC ) was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men of classical antiquity . Julius Caesar may also refer to : Any of the Julii Caesares , a branch of the patrician Julian family line , of which the famous Julius Caesar was a member Julius Caesar ( judge ) ( 1557/8 -- 1636 ) , an English judge and politician ( MP for Reigate , Bletchingley , Windsor , Westminster , Middlesex and Maldon ) Julius Caesar ( cricketer ) ( 1830 -- 1878 ) , a Surrey cricketer Cajus Julius Caesar ( born 1951 ) , German politician ( CDU ) , member of the German parliament , the Bundestag Julius Caesar Aranzi , Italian anatomist Julius Caesar Capaccio , a learned Italian On stage and screen : Julius Caesar ( play ) , a 1599 play by William Shakespeare Giulio Cesare , a 1724 Italian opera by George Frideric Handel and Nicola Francesco Haym Caesar ( Mercury Theatre ) , 1937 stage production of Orson Welles 's Mercury Theatre Film and video adaptations of the Shakespeare play : Julius Caesar ( 1914 film ) , an Italian film Julius Caesar ( 1926 film ) , Julius Caesar ( 1950 film ) , starring Charlton Heston Julius Caesar ( 1953 film ) , starring Marlon Brando , James Mason and John Gielgud Julius Caesar ( 1970 film ) , starring Charlton Heston , Jason Robards and Richard Johnson Julius Caesar ( 1979 ) , a television version produced by the BBC and starring Richard Pasco , Charles Gray and Keith Michell Julius Caesar ( TV miniseries ) , a 2002 TV miniseries directed by Uli Edel In fictional characters : A number of fictionalized depictions of the Roman dictator , including : Gaius Julius Caesar ( character of Rome ) Julius Caesar , a recurring character in Asterix Caesar ( Xena ) , a recurring villain on the TV show Xena : Warrior Princess General Julicaesar , a villain from the series Great Mazinger In other uses : Julius Caesar ( album ) , an album by Smog Julius Caesar ( crater ) , an impact crater on the moon Caesar , Life of a Colossus ; ( nonfiction book ) 2006 biography of Julius Caeser by Adrian Goldsworthy" }, { "docid": "Listen_to_Me_Marlon", "title": "", "text": "Listen to Me Marlon is a 2015 documentary film written , directed and edited by Stevan Riley about the movie star and iconic actor Marlon Brando . The Village Voice calls it `` a masterpiece '' and David Edelstein lists it as `` the greatest , most searching documentary of an actor ever put on film . '' According to Vanity Fair , it `` is a compelling documentary about Marlon Brando compiled entirely from private audio tapes the actor recorded at home , in business meetings , during hypnosis , in therapy , and during press interviews . '' In July 2015 , Listen to Me Marlon was released theatrically in the United States ; screening in over 140 cities during a ten-week run . The film has also recently been nominated for a Gotham Award . Variety writes Brando 's `` complexity is limned as well as a documentary possibly could manage ... Made with the full cooperation of the Brando estate , the pic is a superbly crafted collage whose soundtrack is as complexly textured as the curation and editing of visual elements . '' As Rolling Stone magazine summed it up , `` You want Brando Confidential ? Fine , you 've got it . ''" }, { "docid": "Big_Bug_Man", "title": "", "text": "Big Bug Man is an American animated movie starring Brendan Fraser and Marlon Brando . The movie is a Studio-Free Studios Production , and it was originally supposed to be released in between 2006 and 2008 , but there is now no news on its release or distribution . The movie is Marlon Brando 's last known film work . The movie is written by Bob Bendetson who also wrote episodes for the TV show The Simpsons . It is directed by Bendetson and Peter Shin ." }, { "docid": "Brando_(surname)", "title": "", "text": "Brando is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Marlon Brando ( 1924 -- 2004 ) , American actor Christian Brando , Marlon 's eldest son Cheyenne Brando , Marlon 's daughter Miko Brando , Marlon 's son Jocelyn Brando , Marlon 's older sister Frédéric Brando , French footballer Tim Brando , CBS Sports reporter and announcer Tuki Brando , model , Marlon 's grandson by Cheyenne Marlon Brando ( rapper ) ( 1979 -- 2001 ) , American rapper" }, { "docid": "Pina_Pellicer", "title": "", "text": "Josefina Yolanda Pellicer López de Llergo ( April 3 , 1934 -- December 4 , 1964 ) , professionally known as Pina Pellicer , was a Mexican actress known in Mexico for portraying the female lead in Macario ( 1960 ) , and in the United States as Louisa alongside Marlon Brando in the Brando-directed movie One-Eyed Jacks ( 1961 ) ." }, { "docid": "Marlon_Brando_filmography", "title": "", "text": "The filmography of Marlon Brando :" }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Marlon_Brando", "title": "", "text": "This list includes the awards and nominations of film actor Marlon Brando ." }, { "docid": "Banana_Dance", "title": "", "text": "The Banana Dance has several different meanings and performances . Part of Chris Elliott 's Marlon Brando impersonation skit on the David Letterman show . It consisted of `` Marlon '' ( Chris Elliot ) dumping bananas out of a sack on the floor and Elliot dancing slowly around them to the song `` The Alley Cat '' . The Danse sauvage , an exotic dance performed by Josephine Baker in live shows and her Siren of the Tropics movie . The Dancing Banana is a popular emoticon ." }, { "docid": "Miiko_Taka", "title": "", "text": "( born Miiko Shikata June 24 , 1925 ) , is a Japanese American actress best known for co-starring with Marlon Brando as Hana-ogi in the 1957 movie Sayonara ." }, { "docid": "A_Streetcar_Named_Desire_(1951_film)", "title": "", "text": "A Streetcar Named Desire is a 1951 American drama film , adapted from Tennessee Williams 's Pulitzer Prize-winning 1947 play of the same name . It tells the story of a southern belle , Blanche Dubois , who , after encountering a series of personal losses , leaves her aristocratic background seeking refuge with her sister and brother-in-law in a dilapidated New Orleans tenement . The Broadway production and cast was converted to film with only minor changes . True to the play , the film is both lyrical and gritty , with complex and contradictory characters . Chief among these was Blanche Dubois , who has become a legendary and iconic figure in film history . Tennessee Williams collaborated with Oscar Saul and Elia Kazan on the screenplay . Kazan , who directed the Broadway stage production , also directed the black and white film . Marlon Brando , Kim Hunter , and Karl Malden were all cast in their original Broadway roles . Although Jessica Tandy originated the role of Blanche DuBois on Broadway , Vivien Leigh , who had appeared in the London theatre production , was cast in the film adaptation for her star power . Upon release of the film , Marlon Brando , virtually unknown at the time of the play 's casting , rose to prominence as a major Hollywood movie star . The film marked the first of Marlon Brando 's four consecutive Academy Award nominations for Best Actor and earned an estimated $ 4,250,000 at the US and Canadian box office in 1951 , making it the fifth biggest hit of the year . In 1999 , A Streetcar Named Desire was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' ." }, { "docid": "Edward_McNally_(NFL)", "title": "", "text": "Edward `` Skipper '' McNally ( June 20 , 1923 -- February 20 , 1987 ) , in the world of NFL , was a legendary gatecrasher of Super Bowls in the 1960s , 1970s , and 1980s . He is from Boston , ( North Quincy ) and has had bit parts in movies including On the Waterfront with Marlon Brando and Charly , the movie based on the book Flowers for Algernon , with Cliff Robertson ." }, { "docid": "Marlon_Brando's_Corset", "title": "", "text": "Marlon Brando 's Corset is a dark comedy play by Guy Jones , which takes a sideswipe at celebrity culture and the obsession with stardom and fame . The play premiered at the 2006 Edinburgh Festival Fringe , and embarked on a UK tour thereafter ." }, { "docid": "Joseph_Brutsman", "title": "", "text": "Joseph Brutsman is an actor , director , producer and writer . He is currently the post producer of the reality series Guntucky ( 2013 ) and currently the Story Producer on the TLC reality series My 600-lb Life . Brutsman has also been a professional artist for 30 years . Brutsman 's October Three , a social drama about the O.J. Simpson trial , received numerous awards , including Best Film awards at The South Beach Film Festival and Houston Worldfest . Brutsman completed many projects with Marlon Brando , included editing Brando 's final personal project : Lying for a Living - Brando 's video examination of acting . He also co-wrote with both his wife and Marlon Brando the TV-film Saint Jimmy , for CBS ." }, { "docid": "Always_Brando", "title": "", "text": "Always Brando is a 2011 film directed by Tunisian director Ridha Behi . Originally titled Brando and Brando , it was set to star Marlon Brando and Christian Erickson until Brando 's death . The film premiered at 2011 Toronto International Film Festival then Abu Dhabi Film Festival where producers Ziad Hamzeh and Ridha Behi received the Black Pearl award for best producers ." }, { "docid": "Blue_Movie", "title": "", "text": "Blue Movie ( stylized as blue movie ; also known as Fuck ) is a 1969 American film written , produced , and directed by Andy Warhol . Blue Movie , the first adult erotic film depicting explicit sex to receive wide theatrical release in the United States , is a seminal film in the Golden Age of Porn and helped inaugurate the `` porno chic '' phenomenon in modern American culture . Further , according to Warhol , Blue Movie was a major influence in the making of Last Tango in Paris , an internationally controversial erotic drama film , starring Marlon Brando , and released a few years after Blue Movie was made . Viva and Louis Waldon , playing themselves , starred in Blue Movie ." }, { "docid": "Tuki_Brando", "title": "", "text": "Tuki Brando ( born 26 June 1990 ) is a French Polynesian fashion model from Tahiti , and the face of Versace menswear . The son of Cheyenne Brando and Dag Drollet , he is the grandson of Academy Award-winning American actor Marlon Brando and Golden Globe-nominated Tahitian actress Tarita Teriipaia ." }, { "docid": "Omaha_Community_Playhouse", "title": "", "text": "The Omaha Community Playhouse , located at 6915 Cass Street in Omaha , Nebraska , United States , is a nationally recognized community theater . Founded in 1924 , the Playhouse 's first president was Alan McDonald , architect of the Joslyn Art Museum , and its first play , directed by Greg Foley in April 1925 , was The Enchanted Cottage , which starred Dodie Brando , mother of Marlon Brando . When , later in the Playhouse 's first season , the need arose for a young man to play the lead for You and I , Brando suggested that twenty-year-old Henry Fonda , son of her friend Herberta Fonda , contact the director . The Playhouse would later see the acting debut of Marlon Brando , Dorothy McGuire , and Julie Wilson , and appearances by Letitia Baldrige , Glenn Cunningham , and Lenka Peterson . The Playhouse experienced tremendous growth throughout the 1980s and 1990s under the direction of Charles Jones ." }, { "docid": "Songs_My_Mother_Taught_Me_(Marlon_Brando_book)", "title": "", "text": "Songs My Mother Taught Me an autobiography by Marlon Brando with Robert Lindsey as co-author in 1995 . Brando writes of his memories as a struggling actor and of his various relationships with other actors , producers and directors . The book has been translated into several languages , including a Persian version translated by Niki Karimi in 1999 . The book is not so much a collection of described chronological events as it is a medium for Brando 's thoughts and beliefs , all voiced through a diverse array of topics . Particularly later on in the book , he intersperses stories from both his youth and his older years . Brando does n't delve into himself more than he needs to , rather the people who shaped his life ; notably , little to no mention is made of his wives or children . Specific mention is made of figures such as Marilyn Monroe , Laurence Olivier , John F. Kennedy , David Niven , Richard Burton , Elizabeth Taylor , John Huston , amongst many others . His actual coverage of his films tends to be succinct , characterised more by anecdotes than step-by-step descriptions of production ." }, { "docid": "Cheyenne_Brando", "title": "", "text": "Tarita Cheyenne Brando ( 20 February 1970 -- 16 April 1995 ) was a Tahitian model and the daughter of Marlon Brando by his third wife Tarita Teriipaia , a former Tahitian actress whom he met while filming Mutiny on the Bounty in 1962 ." }, { "docid": "A_Movie_Star_Has_To_Star_in_Black_and_White", "title": "", "text": "A Movie Star Has to Star in Black and White is a one act play split into three scenes written by Adrienne Kennedy . Actors are made to look like famous film stars Marlon Brando , Paul Henreid , Montgomery Clift , Jean Peters , Bette Davis , and Shelley Winters . The supporting roles of this story are Clara , her mother , father , brother , and husband . The settings of the three scenes take place on the sets of movies as well as a `` real place '' : Now Voyager / hospital lobby , Viva Zapata ! / Clara 's brother 's hospital room , and A Place in the Sun / Clara 's old room ." }, { "docid": "Mimi_Freedman", "title": "", "text": "Mimi Freedman is an American documentary filmmaker who specializes in films about Hollywood history . She is best known for the 2005 documentary Steve McQueen : The Essence of Cool , and has produced films for A&E Biography , AMC Backstory , and Lifetime Intimate Portrait . Her most recent project was directing a documentary about Marlon Brando for Turner Classic Movies , for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award ." }, { "docid": "Hearts_of_Darkness:_A_Filmmaker's_Apocalypse", "title": "", "text": "Not to be confused with Heart of Darkness ( 1993 ) , a film version of the original novel on which Apocalypse Now is based . Hearts of Darkness : A Filmmaker 's Apocalypse is a 1991 documentary film about the production of the 1979 epic Vietnam War feature film Apocalypse Now . The original movie which the documentary is about was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starred Marlon Brando , Martin Sheen , and Robert Duvall ." }, { "docid": "Kabzaa", "title": "", "text": "Kabzaa is a 1988 Bollywood action/drama film starring Raj Babbar , Sanjay Dutt and Paresh Rawal . This movie is hugely inspired by the 1954 American Classic On the Waterfront starring Marlon Brando . Scripted by legendary scriptwriter Salim Khan and directed by prominent Indian film director Mahesh Bhatt the film was well liked by critics but only fairing average at the box office . Over the years it has garnered a cult following ." }, { "docid": "The_Fugitive_Kind", "title": "", "text": "For the 1937 Tennessee Williams play , see Fugitive Kind . The Fugitive Kind is a 1960 American drama film starring Marlon Brando and Anna Magnani , and directed by Sidney Lumet . The screenplay by Meade Roberts and Tennessee Williams was based on the latter 's 1957 play Orpheus Descending , itself a revision of his unproduced 1940 work Battle of Angels . Despite being set in the Deep South , the United Artists release was filmed in Milton , New York . At the 1960 San Sebastián International Film Festival , it won the Silver Seashell for Sidney Lumet and the Zulueta Prize for Best Actress for Joanne Woodward . The film is available on videotape and DVD . A two-disc DVD edition by The Criterion Collection was released in April 2010 . A stage production also took place in 2010 at the Arclight Theatre starring Michael Brando , grandson of Marlon Brando , in the lead role . This particular production used the edited film version of the text as opposed to the original play ." }, { "docid": "Movita_Castaneda", "title": "", "text": "Maria Luisa `` Movita '' Castaneda ( April 12 , 1916 -- February 12 , 2015 ) was an American actress best known for having been the second wife of actor Marlon Brando . She was eight years older than Brando . In films , she played exotic women/singers , such as in Flying Down to Rio ( 1933 ) and Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) , of which she was the last surviving cast member . She is the mother of Miko Castaneda Brando ( b. 1961 ) and Rebecca Brando Kotlizky ( b. 1966 ) . __ TOC __" }, { "docid": "Eddie_Imazu", "title": "", "text": "Edwin `` Eddie '' Imazu ( 12 November 1897 -- 29 May 1979 ) was a Japanese-American art director and production designer , whose 50-year career in Hollywood included television and movie credits . A 1936 Academy Award co-nominee for best art direction on The Great Ziegfeld , Imazu worked with Hollywood luminaries including Spencer Tracy , John Wayne and Marlon Brando . He was born in Yamaguchi , Japan and died in Los Angeles , California ." }, { "docid": "Bibroci", "title": "", "text": "The Bibroci were a tribe of Iron Age Britain in the first century BCE . They are known only from a brief mention in the writings of Julius Caesar . They may have been one of the four tribes of Kent , represented in Caesar by references to the `` four kings of that region '' and in the archaeological record by distinct pottery assemblages . During Julius Caesar 's second invasion of Britain in 54 BCE , following Caesar 's military success and restoration of King Mandubracius to power over the Trinovantes , opposition to the Romans coalesced around the figure of Cassivellaunus which led to divided loyalties among the Britons , as Caesar records . Emissaries of five British tribes , including the Bibroci ( the others being the Ancalites , the Segontiaci , the Cenimagni and the Cassi ) , arrived at the Roman camp to treat for peace , and agreed to reveal details of Cassivellaunus ' stronghold . Caesar besieged him there and brought him to terms . When Caesar left Britain he took hostages from the Britons , although which tribes were compelled to give any is not specified ." }, { "docid": "The_Missouri_Breaks", "title": "", "text": "The Missouri Breaks is a 1976 American western film starring Marlon Brando and Jack Nicholson . The film was directed by Arthur Penn , with supporting performances by Randy Quaid , Harry Dean Stanton , Frederic Forrest , John McLiam and Kathleen Lloyd . The score was composed by John Williams . The title of the movie refers to a forlorn and very rugged area of north central Montana , where over eons the Missouri River has made countless deep cuts or `` breaks '' in the land ." }, { "docid": "27th_Academy_Awards", "title": "", "text": "The 27th Academy Awards honored the best films produced in 1954 . The Best Picture winner , On the Waterfront , was produced by Sam Spiegel and directed by Elia Kazan . It had twelve nominations and eight wins , matching two other films , Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) and From Here to Eternity ( 1953 ) , even though those two each had thirteen nominations . The low-budget , black and white On the Waterfront was filmed entirely on location in Hoboken and told the gritty story of New York dock workers , brutality , corruption , and embroilment with a gangster union boss . It provided an expose of union racketeering while showcasing the murder of an innocent longshoreman . Kazan and screenwriter Budd Schulberg justified their own naming of names ( blacklisting-testimony against alleged Communists ) as friendly witnesses before the House Un-American Activities Committee ( HUAC ) in the early 1950s with the film 's story of heroic longshoreman informant Terry Malloy ( Marlon Brando ) who stood alone and turned witness against the corrupt and intimidating union bosses and became a marked ` pigeon ' . A `` rematch '' occurred in the category of Best Actor , where Marlon Brando and Humphrey Bogart were competing again for the first time since Bogart beat him three years earlier . In a surprise win ( Bing Crosby was the favored nominee ) , Brando received his first Oscar for his performance in On the Waterfront , which is now seen as one of the most justified upsets in Oscar history . The win was a culmination of four consecutive Best Actor nominations for Brando ( starting with A Streetcar Named Desire in 1951 ) , a record that remains unmatched to this day . Grace Kelly won Best Actress for The Country Girl in another upset . Judy Garland , who was heavily tipped to win Best Actress for the movie A Star Is Born could not attend the ceremony as she had only recently given birth to her third child . Cameras were set up in her room so she could express her thanks in the likely case of her winning . Groucho Marx later sent her a telegram expressing that her loss was `` the biggest robbery since Brink 's . '' Dorothy Dandridge became the first African American actress to receive a nomination for Best Actress ." } ]
179217	Up All Night was released by Syco Records in 2011.	[ { "docid": "Up_All_Night_(One_Direction_album)", "title": "", "text": "Up All Night is the debut studio album by English-Irish group One Direction , released by Syco Records in November 2011 in Ireland and the United Kingdom , followed by a worldwide release during 2012 . Four months after finishing third in the seventh series of British reality singing contest The X Factor in December 2010 , One Direction began recording the album in Sweden , UK and the United States , working with a variety of writers and producers . The album is predominantly a pop music album which orientates into pop rock , dance-pop , teen pop and power pop . The album 's lyrical content regards being young , relationships , heartbreak and empowerment . Staged in support of the album , One Direction performed the album 's songs live on televised shows , at awards ceremonies , and during their worldwide Up All Night Tour . The album received generally favourable reviews from contemporary music critics , many of whom appreciated the album 's combination of melodic song craft and catchy , pop-oriented material that , while slickly produced , avoided the commercial cynicism and adult contemporary posturing of some of their '80s and '90s forebears . An international success , the album topped the charts in sixteen countries and , by December 2012 , has sold over 4.5 million copies worldwide . The album bowed at number two on the UK Albums Chart and ultimately became the UK 's fastest-selling debut album of 2011 . Up All Night debuted to number one on the United States Billboard 200 , selling 176,000 copies in its first week . According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI ) , Up All Night was the third global best-selling album of 2012 with sales of 4.5 million copies . One Direction finished 2012 with two of that year 's top five best-selling albums in the United States ; Up All Night at number three and their second studio album , Take Me Home , at number five , making the boy band the first act to place two albums in the year-end top five in the Nielsen SoundScan era . In addition , Up All Night became the best-selling album by a group and the third best-selling debut album of 2012 . Four singles were released from the album , including the UK Singles Chart top ten hits `` What Makes You Beautiful '' , `` Got ta Be You '' , and `` One Thing '' ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Up_All_Night_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Up All Night Tour was the first headlining concert tour by English-Irish boy band One Direction , showcasing their debut album , Up All Night ( 2011 ) . It began in December 2011 and was One Direction 's first solo tour after being formed in the seventh series of The X Factor and being signed to Syco Records . The concert tour was announced in September 2011 , with the initial British and Irish dates being revealed . The concert tour was managed by Modest ! Management , the shows were backed by a five-piece musical band , and the creative assessments were handled by Caroline Watson and Lou Teasdale , among others . After the initial concert tour concluded in January 2012 , shortly afterwards , the concert tour expanded with legs in Oceania and North America . They ultimately played over 60 shows in Europe , Oceania and North America . The setlist encompassed songs from One Direction 's debut album and five covers . Commentators commended One Direction 's singing abilities and stage presence , and the production of the show . The Up All Night Tour was a commercial success , with additional matinée and evening shows being performed at several venues . A recording of the Up All Night Tour was filmed during One Direction 's January 2012 show at the International Centre in Bournemouth . Documenting the whole concert with intersperses of backstage footage , a video album , Up All Night : The Live Tour , was released on DVD in May 2012 . The video concert DVD was a global success , topping the charts in twenty-five countries and setting an unprecedented US chart record . By August 2012 , the video album had sold in excess of one million copies worldwide ." }, { "docid": "Up_All_Night:_The_Live_Tour", "title": "", "text": "Up All Night : The Live Tour is a video album documenting the 3 January 2012 show of English-Irish boy band One Direction 's Up All Night Tour . It was released on 28 May 2012 by Syco Music . Filmed at the International Centre in the British city of Bournemouth , the 73-minute recording was directed by Andy Saunders and produced by Saunders and Tom Bairstaw . Up All Night : The Live Tour features concert footage and backstage content . It attracted positive commentary and global success , having topped the charts in twenty-five countries and selling one million copies by August 2012 . The recording additionally obtained multi-platinum certifications from the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , Music Canada ( MC ) , the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique ( SNEP ) , and the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) ." }, { "docid": "More_than_This_(One_Direction_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` More than This '' is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction from their debut studio album , Up All Night ( 2011 ) . It was produced by Brian Rawling and Paul Meehan , and was composed by Jamie Scott . Primarily backed by synthesizers , the track is an acoustic pop ballad about an unrequited love . `` More than This '' , the album 's fourth and final single , was released digitally by Syco Music on 25 May 2012 . `` More than This '' obtained generally favourable reviews from critics , who commended the balladry , but only charted on Australian and Irish charts . An accompanying music video , directed by Andy Saunders , depicts the group performing the track live as part of their Up All Night Tour ( 2011 -- 12 ) . One Direction performed the ballad during two of their major concert tours : Up All Night Tour ( 2011 -- 12 ) and Take Me Home Tour ( 2013 ) ." }, { "docid": "Gotta_Be_You_(One_Direction_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Got ta Be You '' is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction from their debut studio album , Up All Night ( 2011 ) . Written by August Rigo and the song 's producer , Steve Mac , it was released in the United Kingdom by Syco Music in November 2011 , as the album 's second single . The track is a mid-tempo pop rock ballad incorporating an orchestral arrangement . The lyrical content is characterised by love sentiments . The single debuted and peaked at number three in both the United Kingdom and Ireland , marking the group 's second top ten appearance in both countries . Upon the United States release of Up All Night , `` Got ta Be You '' peaked at number 24 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart . Directed by John Urbano , the accompanying music video depicts the group spending time on the banks of Lake Placid , New York . One Direction performed the ballad on televised programmes and during their Up All Night Tour ( 2011 -- 12 ) ." }, { "docid": "One_Thing_(One_Direction_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` One Thing '' is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction from their debut studio album , Up All Night ( 2011 ) . It was released in various countries by Syco Music on 6 January 2012 , as their second single , and as their third single in the UK on 13 February 2012 . Additionally , Columbia Records sent it to contemporary hit radio playlists on 22 May 2012 as their second single in the United States . Written by Savan Kotecha and its producers , Carl Falk and Rami Yacoub , initially , the upbeat pop rock number was written as two different songs . As both tracks had elusive attributes , the trio decided to merge the two into one song . The lyrical content regards the protagonist 's infatuation with a significant other . `` One Thing '' garnered mostly positive reviews from music critics , who generally commended the track 's catchiness . The single reached the top ten in Australia , Ireland and the United Kingdom , while attaining top-forty positions in Belgium ( Flanders ) , Canada , New Zealand , and the United States . The number has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) for shipments of one million copies . Directed by Declan Whitebloom , the accompanying music video depicts One Direction performing in and around London . The group performed `` One Thing '' on televised programmes and four major concert tours : Up All Night Tour ( 2011 -- 12 ) , Take Me Home Tour ( 2013 ) , Where We Are Tour ( 2014 ) and On the Road Again Tour ( 2015 ) ." }, { "docid": "Alexandra_Burke_discography", "title": "", "text": "The discography of British R&B and pop recording artist Alexandra Burke , which consists of one studio album , seven singles as a main artist , two as a featured artist and nine music videos . All songs which have been released under the recording label of Sony BMG and Syco Music . Alexandra made her debut in 2008 when she auditioned for British reality talent show , The X Factor during the fifth series , and ultimately won the show on 12 December 2008 . During the series she dueted with Beyoncé Knowles on Knowles ' `` Listen '' . After winning the show , she instantly had a record deal with Sony BMG and Syco Music and released debut single , `` Hallelujah '' . `` Hallelujah '' peaked at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart . The song became the current European record holder for single sales over a period of 24 hours , selling 105,000 copies in one day . It was also the top-selling song of the year in the UK , and became the 2008 UK Christmas number one single . By January 2009 , UK sales of Burke 's version had passed one million copies , a first for a British female soloist . The music video for the song was directed by Max and Dania who directed the charity single Burke released with fellow X Factor Finalists 2008 , `` Hero '' which also charted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart . Burke returned in late 2009 with follow up single , `` Bad Boys '' which featured vocals from American rapper , Flo Rida . She performed the song on the first live show of the sixth series of The X Factor . The R&B single debuted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart as well as Burke gaining international success with the single . `` Bad Boys '' went on to gain a Platinum certification and Burke was nominated for a BRIT Award , it was the second time Burke was nominated for the Best British Single , first time with `` Hallelujah '' . In the UK , `` Bad Boys '' is the 18th Biggest Download of all time . She released her debut album Overcome in October 2009 . It was described as `` edgy '' and `` beaty '' . The album was said to resemble artists such as Rihanna or Lady Gaga . Upon the release of the album , the album went straight to number one on the UK Albums Chart selling 132,065 in its first week . Its first-week numbers were the fourth largest first-week sales by a female artist in 2009 behind releases by Susan Boyle , Lily Allen and Leona Lewis and was the twenty-second best-selling album of 2009 , and the forty-third best-selling album of 2010 . The album spent 60 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by The British Recorded Music Industry for shipments over 600,000 copies . `` Broken Heels '' was released as the album third single and `` All Night Long '' featuring Pitbull as the fourth . `` All Night Long '' received a platinum certification and Burke was nominated for another BRIT Award in 2010 . `` Start Without You '' was released in mid-2010 and the song went on to top the UK Singles Chart , `` The Silence '' was released as the final single from the album . Work began in 2011 on a second studio album , titled Heartbreak on Hold - was released on the 4 June 2012 . The lead single , `` Elephant '' - featuring Erick Morillo - was released on 11 March 2012 through RCA Records , where it debuted at number three in the United Kingdom ; marking Burke 's sixth top ten single as a solo artist . A second single , `` Let It Go '' was released and underperformed peaking at 33 . The album then debuted and peaked at 18" }, { "docid": "Up_All_Night_–_Deric_Ruttan_Live", "title": "", "text": "Up All Night -- Deric Ruttan Live is the first live album by Canadian country music artist Deric Ruttan . It was released on September 20 , 2011 by Black T Records and distributed by EMI . It was recorded live at the Calgary Stampede ." }, { "docid": "What_Makes_You_Beautiful", "title": "", "text": "`` What Makes You Beautiful '' is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction . It served as their debut single and lead single from their debut studio album , Up All Night ( 2011 ) . Written by Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub , the song was released by Syco Records on 11 September 2011 . The uptempo power pop track features a prominent guitar-based chorus and riff . The middle eight consists of a `` na na na '' hook while the opening guitar riff interpolates The McCoys 's 1965 single `` Hang on Sloopy '' . `` What Makes You Beautiful '' was a commercial success , reaching number one in several countries . It has been certified quadruple platinum in the US with sales of 4.8 million copies as of June 2016 . The single peaked at number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the UK Singles Chart . The song won the 2012 Brit Award for Best British Single and was generally complimented by contemporary music critics , who highlighted the appeal to the teenage audience and the pop sensibility . It debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart after setting a Sony Music Entertainment pre-order record and selling 153,965 copies in its first week . The single also topped the Irish and Scottish Singles Charts , and reached the top ten on the Australian and New Zealand Singles Charts , Flemish Ultratop 50 , Canadian Hot 100 , and the Japan Hot 100 . It has been certified quadruple platinum in the US with sales of 4.8 million copies as of June 2016 . The accompanying music video , directed by John Urbano , depicts One Direction spending time on a beach in Malibu , California . The music video was uploaded to YouTube on August 19 , 2011 and has accumulated more than 850 million views since it premiered . The clip garnered the group three MTV Video Music Awards at the 2012 ceremony . One Direction performed the song live on televised shows , at awards ceremonies , and on four of their major concert tours : Up All Night Tour ( 2011 -- 12 ) , Take Me Home Tour ( 2013 ) , Where We Are Tour ( 2014 ) and On the Road Again Tour ( 2015 ) . Artists including the Piano Guys have covered `` What Makes You Beautiful '' ." }, { "docid": "Jai_McDowall", "title": "", "text": "Jai McDowall ( born 24 July 1986 ) is a Scottish singer -- songwriter who won the fifth series of Britain 's Got Talent in June 2011 . As the winner , he received # 100,000 and performed at the 2011 Royal Variety Performance . McDowall was signed to Syco Music , a subdivision of record label giant , Sony Music . Before Britain 's Got Talent , he appeared as a contestant on The X Factor and The American Idol Experience . His debut album Believe was released on 9 December 2011 . The lead single `` With or Without You '' was released the same day . In March 2012 , he was dropped by Syco after poor sales of his debut album . This prompted an outburst from the singer , who claimed that Syco boss , Simon Cowell , was anti-Scottish . Shortly after , the Mirror newspaper reported that the singer had , ironically , purchased a house on Fail Avenue ." }, { "docid": "Shayne_Ward", "title": "", "text": "Shayne Thomas Ward ( born 16 October 1984 ) is an English singer and actor , who rose to fame as the winner of the second series of The X Factor . His debut single , `` That 's My Goal '' , was released in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2005 and reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and was that year 's Christmas number one . It sold 313,000 copies on its first day of sales , making it the third fastest-selling single of all time in the UK , behind Elton John 's `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' and Will Young 's `` Evergreen '' , which sold 685,000 and 400,000 copies in their first days of sale respectively . Ward was the first X Factor winner to release an original song as his winner 's single . His prize , as winner , was a recording contract with Simon Cowell 's Syco record label , which is co-owned by Sony Music . His eponymous debut album was released in April 2006 . It debuted at number one on both the Irish and UK Albums Charts , going 4 × Platinum in Ireland and Platinum in the UK . It spawned two hit singles : `` No Promises '' and `` Stand by Me '' . The follow-up album , Breathless , featuring the top 10 hits `` If That 's OK with You '' and `` No U Hang Up '' , was released in November 2007 and topped the Irish charts , where it went 5 × Platinum . In November 2010 , after a three-year hiatus , Ward released his third album , Obsession . In contrast to Shayne Ward and Breathless , it underperformed with first-week sales of under 23,000 , and missed the top 10 in both the UK and Ireland . In 2011 , Ward was dropped by Syco . In 2015 , he released a new album Closer as an independent artist , funded through PledgeMusic ." }, { "docid": "Up_All_Night_(Blink-182_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Up All Night '' is a song by American rock band Blink-182 , released on July 14 , 2011 as the lead single from the group 's sixth studio album , Neighborhoods ( 2011 ) . The song was the band 's first single following a four-year hiatus . It was the first song the trio created upon their reformation in February 2009 . Although the band wanted to release the track as a digital single in July 2009 , they quickly decided it was too ambitious to complete before their fall reunion tour . The track generally grew heavier over the course of two-year recording process . The song premiered July 14 , 2011 , on Los Angeles radio station KROQ-FM and the band 's official website . A digital single was released the following day . Critics received the song positively , with many favorably noting similarities with the band 's side-projects . Two music videos were released for `` Up All Night '' in August 2011 . The main video , directed by Isaac Rentz , features the band playing in a neighborhood during a reckless block party , and a second video features a montage compiled from fan-made YouTube videos that used the band 's music illegally . Critics generally reacted to both videos favorably , with many media outlets covering the fan-made compilation ." }, { "docid": "Joe_McElderry_discography", "title": "", "text": "Joe McElderry , a British pop singer , has released four studio albums , nine singles and ten music videos on recording labels Syco and Decca . McElderry rose to fame after winning The X Factor and signing a million pound record deal with Simon Cowell 's company Syco , His debut single `` The Climb '' debuted at number two selling over 450,000 copies in its first week of release . The following week , the single rose to the top of the charts and remains McElderry 's only chart topper . After releasing his debut album Wide Awake , McElderry was dropped from Syco despite its number three chart placing . McElderry later signed a record deal with Decca after winning Popstar to Operastar . On 19 August 2011 McElderry released Classic which debuted at number two on the UK albums chart . On 28 November the same year , McElderry released his third studio album Classic Christmas , which debuted and peaked at number 15 . On 10 September 2012 , McElderry released his fourth studio album Here 's What I Believe . It debuted at number eight on the UK chart ." }, { "docid": "What_a_Night_(Loveable_Rogues_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` What a Night '' is a song performed by British band , Loveable Rogues . It was their debut single and was intended to feature on a debut album . The single was released in Ireland and the United Kingdom on 19 April 2013 . The band were dropped from Syco in October 2013 , but the single was featured on their debut album This and That , released in 2014 on Super Duper Records ." }, { "docid": "Smurfie_Syco", "title": "", "text": "Teriy Keys ( -LSB- ˈtɛri_ˈkiːs -RSB- ) also known as Smurfie Syco is an English DJ , remixer , record producer , music executive , A&R and businessman / investor . He is the founder and co-chief executive officer of R.O.A.D. Entertainment Global Smurfie Syco is pseudonym used in-conjunction some his earlier releases which is a signed act to Dizzee Rascal 's Dirtee Stank Label , in 2010 ; Smurfie Syco received national press surrounding the campaign for the release of SMURFIESYCO.COM album . He also featured in Mix Mag `` Artist 's of 2010 '' . Keys has credits on multiple studio singles/albums including solo and executive work on other artists projects most notably Smurfie Syco ( 2009 ) , I 'm The Best I Ca n't Help It ( Mixtape ) ( 2011 ) . In 2013 , Teriy was short-listed in Music Week magazine 's publication for the `` 30 under 30 '' best of the rest most influential music industry executives . `` 30 young professionals working in the UK music business of 2013 that are tipping for mighty things in the years and decades to come ''" }, { "docid": "Greatest_Hits_(Westlife_album)", "title": "", "text": "Greatest Hits is the second greatest hits album and final release by Irish boy band Westlife . It was released on 18 November 2011 by RCA Records and Sony Music . Greatest Hits is the group 's second greatest hits album following Unbreakable : The Greatest Hits Volume 1 ( 2002 ) . The album is the group 's first album not under Syco Music and not under the tutelage of Simon Cowell , having left Syco and Cowell in March 2011 . The greatest hits album contains numerous singles that span throughout the band 's career , as well as four new songs produced by John Shanks , which includes the lead single `` Lighthouse '' , which was released on 14 November 2011 . The compilation was released in two different formats , a standard edition containing the album 's eighteen tracks , and a deluxe edition featuring numerous other singles of the band 's discography , as well as a DVD containing almost all of the band 's music videos . Upon the album 's release , Greatest Hits received mixed reviews from music critics , with some reviewers praising the compilation 's structure , while others disliked the group 's musical style implemented in the songs . The compilation reached # 4 in the UK Albums Chart ; it is the lowest peaking position for a Westlife album . The album debuted at the # 1 position on the Irish Albums Chart , while it peaked within the top forty of New Zealand and Norway ." }, { "docid": "Sorry_I'm_Late", "title": "", "text": "Sorry I 'm Late is the second studio album by English recording artist Cher Lloyd . It was released on 27 May 2014 , by Epic Records , Syco Music , and Mr. Kanani . Lloyd herself co-wrote five songs on the album , working with new producers and songwriters such as Beth Ditto and Tove Lo . It is her last album released through Epic and Syco . Sorry I 'm Late received generally positive reviews during its US release , with many critics praising Lloyd 's personality and vulnerability on the album , and commenting on the maturity in comparison to her debut studio album , Sticks and Stones ( 2011 ) . The album was preceded by the singles `` I Wish '' and `` Sirens '' , both of which received equally positive reviews . The album was described as `` fun '' and `` sweet but sharp '' by critics ." }, { "docid": "Ronan_Parke", "title": "", "text": "Ronan Parke ( born 8 August 1998 ) is an English singer from Poringland , Norfolk , UK who came runner-up in the fifth series of ITV show Britain 's Got Talent , despite being the bookies ' favourite to win . After the show it was reported that Ronan had signed a joint record deal with Sony Music . He released his debut album Ronan Parke on 24 October 2011 . On 3 May 2012 , Parke , Epic records , and Syco ceased working together after the one album ." }, { "docid": "James_Arthur", "title": "", "text": "James Andrew Arthur ( born 2 March 1988 ) is a British singer and songwriter who won the ninth series of The X Factor in 2012 . His debut single , `` Impossible '' , was released by Syco Music after the final and debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart in its first week of release . Since then , it has gone on to sell over 1.4 million copies in the UK , making it the most successful winner 's single in the show 's history and has sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide . The follow-up single `` You 're Nobody 'til Somebody Loves You '' reached number 2 on the UK Singles Chart . He released his self-titled debut studio album in November 2013 . The album debuted and peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart . After the release of his debut studio album James Arthur , he was involved in a series of controversies . This led iTunes to offer refunds for the album . The single release `` Recovery '' made to number 19 , while the sales for the fourth single `` Get Down '' hardly made the top 100 . Arthur parted ways with Simon Cowell 's record label Syco in 2014 . In 2015 , he signed a new deal with Columbia Records to release his second studio album in 2016 , titled Back from the Edge . Arthur was also re-signed to Syco in 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Gravity_(Westlife_album)", "title": "", "text": "Gravity is the tenth and final studio album by the Irish pop band Westlife . It was released on 22 November 2010 in the United Kingdom . John Shanks produced each song , barring the bonus track on the Japanese edition . The album was preceded by the lead single , `` Safe '' , which was released at 14 November 2010 . This is also the group 's final album under Syco Music ; Syco decided that there will be no second single from the album , which was one reason the group left Syco in March 2011 . As of November 2011 , the album had sold 358,943 in the UK ." }, { "docid": "Up_All_Night_(The_Chic_Organization_album)", "title": "", "text": "Up All Night is a compilation album by Nile Rodgers and The Chic Organization , released in 2013 . It contains recordings written , played and produced by Rodgers and Bernard Edwards for various artists including Sister Sledge , Diana Ross , Sheila & B. Devotion , Deborah Harry , Norma Jean Wright , Carly Simon , Johnny Mathis and their own group CHIC . In its original form , the album included every UK Top 40 hit single produced by Chic , excepting remixes . The Johnny Mathis track was widely publicised as being previously unreleased , though it had in fact appeared on Mathis ' own Ultimate Collection CD in 2011 . The album was released in the UK and Europe at a time when interest in Rodgers and CHIC was high for various reasons : the publication of Rodgers ' autobiography in 2011 , the appearance of BBC television and radio documentaries about him , the popularity of his collaboration with Daft Punk , `` Get Lucky '' ( which is referenced in the compilation 's title and sleeve art ) , and a series of acclaimed live performances including one televised from the Glastonbury Festival on the weekend before the album 's release . Most of the tracks featured are 12 '' versions and are mastered to match the pitch and tempo of the original vinyl releases ; this resulted in some tracks having slightly shorter running times than on other CD issues . Up All Night reached number 2 in the UK Compilation Albums Chart for the week ending 13 July 2013 ." }, { "docid": "One_Direction_discography", "title": "", "text": "English-Irish boy band One Direction have released five studio albums , one extended play , seventeen singles ( including two charity singles ) , two video albums and fifteen music videos . They signed with Simon Cowell 's record label Syco Records after being formed and finishing third in the seventh series of British television singing competition The X Factor in 2010 . They subsequently signed in North America with Columbia Records . One Direction : This Is Us , an official documentary movie was released on August 30 , 2013 in England and the 29th of August , 2013 in the United States . This special limited-time-in-theaters film contains exclusive concert footage along with the story of the boys rise to fame . The group 's debut studio album Up All Night was released in November 2011 . It topped the charts in sixteen countries . The lead single , `` What Makes You Beautiful '' , was an international hit , reaching number one in the UK and number four in the US ; it has since been certified four and six times platinum in the US and Australia , respectively . Subsequent singles , `` Got ta Be You '' and `` One Thing '' , became top ten hits in the UK . The band 's second studio album Take Me Home was released in November 2012 . The record sold 540,000 copies in its first week in the US and went to number-one in thirty-five countries . The album 's lead single , `` Live While We 're Young '' , became One Direction 's highest peaking song in a number of countries and recorded the highest one-week opening sales figure for a song by a non-US artist . `` Little Things '' and `` Kiss You '' , the succeeding singles , were moderate successes . One Direction 's third studio album , Midnight Memories , was released on 25 November 2013 . The album was preceded by its lead single `` Best Song Ever '' and its critically acclaimed second single `` Story of My Life '' . The album was a commercial success , debuting at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Billboard 200 , making One Direction the first band in history to have their first three albums all debut atop the Billboard 200 . With their fourth album , Four , they extended the record to four consecutive number-one albums . Their next album , Made in the A.M. , was preceded by its lead single `` Drag Me Down '' . In October 2015 , the band announced the second single from the album : `` Perfect '' . As of August 2016 , the band had sold 20 million albums worldwide ." }, { "docid": "Joby_Harte", "title": "", "text": "Joby Harte is a British television personality . He has worked on many hit shows including the BBC 's Strictly Come Dancing . Joby was part of the original production team and played a vital part in the creation of the worldwide hit reality series Pop Idol along with series producer Ken Warwick . As a television actor his credits include `` the baker '' for the hit ITV children 's show SMTV Live . Before being a warm-up artist he was a radio presenter for local UK radio station 97.6 Chiltern FM . Harte has been involved in shows that have received numerous awards for the television programmes he has worked with including a BAFTA and The Golden Rose of Montraux . Joby has been the warm-up for the Nickelodeon sitcom True Jackson , VP and ABC hit television show Dancing with the Stars Joby Harte and Russell Brand were in talks to release `` Chugga Chugga ( All Night ) '' a novelty song through Simon Cowell 's record label Syco . In 2009 Harte created the company Hot Rock Media , Inc. as an entertainment empire . In 2011 Stephanie Wayland became VP , Talent & Literary of the company based in Beverly Hills , California . Hot Rock Media acquired offices at the NBC Burbank Studios and has partnered with talent managers Paul Cohen and Sheri Anderson Thomas of Cohen Thomas Management . The company currently represents 22 clients including actors and singers in film and television . In 2011 he worked on the Nickelodeon ' show Bucket & Skinner 's Epic Adventures and How to Rock and ' the GSN show , Baggage . In 2012 he 's worked for OWN on Are You Normal America ? for Disney Channel on A.N.T. Farm and Nickelodeon , reworking of the 90 's game show Figure It Out Joby Is the host of the HUB Network TV Show Majors & Minors which premiered on September 23 , 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Syco", "title": "", "text": "Syco Entertainment , often known simply as Syco , is a British entertainment company established by British entertainment mogul Simon Cowell . The company operates a record label , talent agency , film , music , and television production company , as well as a music publishing house . It operates a global joint venture between Cowell and Sony Music Entertainment focused on the production and marketing of music , television , film and digital content . It employs a staff of more than 50 in offices in London and Los Angeles , and manages a string of high-profile television and music brands through partnerships with the label Sony Music and the television production company , FremantleMedia . Syco was initially owned by Simon Cowell , then sold to Sony . But in 2010 , a new company was formed as a 50/50 partnership between Cowell and Sony , keeping the pre-existing name Syco but titled as Syco Entertainment . In 2015 , it was announced that the Syco Entertainment joint venture would be extended for a further 6 years . Retail billionaire Sir Philip Green , a close friend of Cowell , serves as an advisor to the company . Karren Brady , television personality and vice-chairman of West Ham United F.C. , also serves as an advisor to the company . Syco has three main divisions - Syco Music , Syco TV and Syco Film . Syco Music releases recordings from its roster of artists , mostly from Cowell 's television shows , such as One Direction , Little Mix , Leona Lewis , Susan Boyle , Emblem3 , and Fifth Harmony , and others such as Il Divo . Syco TV is responsible for The X Factor and the Got Talent television franchise , which have been produced in 41 and 52 countries respectively , as well as other television projects . Syco Film is involved in the production of films such as One Direction : This Is Us . Syco is also involved in the production of the musical I Ca n't Sing ! The X Factor Musical ." }, { "docid": "Up_All_Night_(Razorlight_album)", "title": "", "text": "Up All Night is the debut album by English indie rock band Razorlight , released on 28 June 2004 . The album was mainly recorded at Sawmills Studio and mixed at Sphere Studios by John Cornfield . The album garnered favourable reviews but critics questioned the band 's influence-filled musicianship throughout the tracks . Up All Night peaked at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart and spawned six singles : `` Rock 'N' Roll Lies '' , `` Rip It Up '' , `` Stumble and Fall '' , `` Golden Touch '' , `` Vice '' and `` Somewhere Else '' . On 4 June 2014 , the band , with only lead singer Johnny Borrell remaining from the line-up which recorded the album , played at the Electric Ballroom in Camden to mark Up All Nights 10th anniversary ." }, { "docid": "Matt_Cardle", "title": "", "text": "Matthew `` Matt '' Sheridan Cardle ( born 15 April 1983 ) is an English singer , songwriter and musician . Cardle was born in Southampton , England and grew up in Halstead , Essex , England . Cardle has been involved in music since his early teens and has been a member of two different bands ; Darwyn and Seven Summers , with whom he experienced limited success . Cardle rose to fame after winning the seventh series of The X Factor , and received a # 1 million recording contract with Syco Music and later signed a deal with Columbia Records . Following Cardle 's victory on The X Factor , the winner 's single and his debut single , `` When We Collide '' , was released . The track was made available to purchase on 12 December 2010 , shortly after the show had ended . On 19 December 2010 , the track debuted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart as well as Irish Singles Chart . The track also became the second biggest-selling single of 2010 with 815,000 copies sold within two weeks . In June 2012 it had sold 1 million copies , the fourth single by an X Factor contestant to have done so . `` Run for Your Life '' was the follow-up single released by Cardle which charted at number 6 on the UK Singles Chart . Cardle went on to release his debut album , Letters , in 2011 , which debuted at number-two on the UK Albums Chart and the Irish Albums Chart . The album saw two more singles released , `` Starlight '' and `` Amazing '' . Cardle then parted ways with record labels Syco Music and Columbia Records , and signed a recording contract with So What Recordings in early 2012 . He released his second studio album , The Fire , which charted at number 8 on the UK Albums Chart . In October 2013 , Cardle released his third album , Porcelain , in association with Absolute Marketing as an independent release . It reached number 11 on the UK Albums Chart . The lead single was a duet with Melanie C , called `` Loving You '' , which was released on 18 August and reached number 14 on the UK Singles Chart . Cardle is a guitarist , and plays frequently on tour and other performances . He also plays other instruments including drums and piano . He has toured the United Kingdom and Ireland on his Letters Tour in 2012 , Unplugged Tour in 2013 , Porcelain Tour in 2014 and Intimate and Live Tour in 2016 . Cardle has combined album and single sales of over 2 million ." }, { "docid": "Bianca_Ryan_discography", "title": "", "text": "Bianca Ryan 's discography consists of one studio album , two extended plays , seven singles and six music videos . Her debut album Bianca Ryan was released on 14 November 2006 by Syco Music . It was followed by two holiday EPs Christmas Everyday ! ( 2006 ) and True Meaning of Christmas ( 2009 ) . The latter was released by recording label Music Forever . In August 2010 , she recorded a single inspired by The Twilight Saga : New Moon titled `` In My Head '' . Between 2014 and 2015 she released three more singles : `` All of Me '' ( John Legend cover ) , `` Broken Down House '' and `` Alice '' . Her third EP was also announced . Debut album Bianca Ryan sold over 200,000 copies worldwide and peaked number one in Ireland . Only song `` Why Could n't It Be Christmas Everyday ? '' entered Dutch charts , other singles failed to enter musical charts . However , songs `` All of Me '' and `` Alice '' were also success . She was in Syco/Columbia Records between 2006 and 2008 and signed to indie labels Music Forever and Turned in Music before forming her label in 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Heartbreak_on_Hold", "title": "", "text": "Heartbreak on Hold is the second studio album by British recording artist Alexandra Burke . It was released on 4 June 2012 through Syco and RCA Records . Recording for the album started in late 2010 and finished in early 2012 . Burke collaborated with a wide range of producers for the album , many of whom are noted for their distinct dance and house music influences , including Erick Morillo and DJ Smash . The album suffered a long series of delays to its release date . Originally expected for a summer 2011 release , the original album was shelved as Burke parted ways with record label Syco , with whom she had been signed since winning The X Factor , in favour of RCA . This transition also led to a distinct change in musical direction for the album , with the R&B influences of her debut album being replaced with more dance-orientated production . Unable to match the success of her debut album , Heartbreak on Hold sold 6,731 copies in its opening week in the UK , charting at number eighteen . The album 's release was preceded by two singles . `` Elephant '' was released as the lead single on 9 March 2012 . Despite receiving a mixed critical reception , the track debuted at number three on the UK Singles Chart and topped the UK Dance Songs chart . `` Let It Go '' followed on 25 May 2012 , but failed to repeat the chart success of its predecessor , reaching a peak of thirty-three ." }, { "docid": "Reckless_Love", "title": "", "text": "Reckless Love is a Finnish metal band , founded 2001 in Kuopio , Finland . On February 2010 , they released their debut album , which reached number 13 in the Finnish charts . In 2011 they released their second album Animal Attraction , which was in the top 10 of the Finnish charts . After the success of Animal Attraction , Reckless Love released their third album Spirit in 2013 , which contains the two singles `` Night on Fire '' and `` So Happy I Could Die '' . In February 2016 they released two singles , `` Keep it up all night '' and `` Monster '' . Their newest album , InVader , ( containing Keep It Up All Night and Monster ) was released on the 4th of March , on the opening night of their European tour with Santa Cruz ( band ) ." }, { "docid": "Wrapped_Up", "title": "", "text": "`` Wrapped Up '' is a song by English singer-songwriter Olly Murs , released as the lead single from his fourth studio album , Never Been Better ( 2014 ) . It features American rapper Travie McCoy . The song was released on 7 October 2014 in France and 16 November 2014 in the United Kingdom by Epic Records and Syco Music ." }, { "docid": "All_Fired_Up_(The_Saturdays_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` All Fired Up '' is a song by British-Irish girl group The Saturdays , released as the second single from their third studio album , On Your Radar ( 2011 ) . The single was released on 4 September 2011 . The song was written by Tim Deal , Brian Higgins , Matt Gray , Annie Yuill , Miranda Cooper , MNEK , Xenomania and Space Cowboy . The song was also produced by Brian Higgins and Xenomania , and was recorded at Xenomania . Described by critics as an `` anthemic dance banger '' , the electropop song was inspired by the music of Rihanna and Britney Spears , and was noted for its `` synth dance beat '' . The track received its first airplay on BBC Radio 1 on 22 July 2011 , when Scott Mills aired it on his Ready for the Weekend . The remix EP was released with five different remixes . `` All Fired Up '' received positive reviews from critics , with many commending the song 's `` girlish vibe and unabashed pop sensibility '' . The song was performed live on television for the first time on Tonight 's the Night . Before the release of the single the music video for `` All Fired Up '' was released on 10 August 2011 . The music video was originally due to be released on 9 August 2011 at 10:30 am on the band 's official website ; however due to technical issues it was uploaded a day late . According to the band , the music video is a lot more fashion-based and a lot more graphic-y as they said they wanted something different due to all their previous music videos having a storyline to them ; this one is just a lot more fashion . Within the digital download EP the band released a cover of `` I Need a Dollar '' by Aloe Blacc . `` All Fired Up '' received commercial success after it charted at number-six on the Irish Singles Chart , becoming the band 's fifth top ten single in Ireland . The single also found success in the United Kingdom after it charted at number-three on the UK Singles Chart behind Maroon 5 and Christina Aguilera 's `` Moves Like Jagger '' and Pixie Lott 's `` All About Tonight '' . The single became the band 's tenth top ten single in the UK of eleven singles released . The single also had identical chart success as the band 's 2010 single `` Missing You '' , charting at number three and six in the UK and Ireland simultaneously ." } ]
108559	Little Miss Sunshine was filmed over 30 days beginning on June 6, 2005.	[ { "docid": "Little_Miss_Sunshine", "title": "", "text": "Little Miss Sunshine is a 2006 American comedy-drama road film and the directorial debut of the husband-wife team of Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris . The screenplay was written by first-time writer Michael Arndt . The film stars Greg Kinnear , Steve Carell , Toni Collette , Paul Dano , Abigail Breslin and Alan Arkin , and was produced by Big Beach Films on a budget of US$ 8 million . Filming began on June 6 , 2005 and took place over 30 days in Arizona and Southern California . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20 , 2006 , and its distribution rights were bought by Fox Searchlight Pictures for one of the biggest deals made in the history of the festival . The film had a limited release in the United States on July 26 , 2006 , and later expanded to a wider release starting on August 18 . Little Miss Sunshine had an international box office gross of $ 100.5 million . The film was nominated for four Academy Awards , including Best Picture , and won two : Best Original Screenplay for Michael Arndt and Best Supporting Actor for Alan Arkin . It also won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Feature and received numerous other accolades ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Little_Miss_Sunshine_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Little Miss Sunshine may mean : Little Miss Sunshine , a 2006 black comedy road film . Little Miss Sunshine ( musical ) , the 2006 musical of the film Little Miss Sunshine ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack Little Miss Sunshine ( character ) , a character in the Mr. Men children 's books Little Miss Sunshine and the Wicked Witch , a series `` special ''" }, { "docid": "List_of_accolades_received_by_Little_Miss_Sunshine", "title": "", "text": "Little Miss Sunshine received numerous awards and honors from film organizations , film festivals , and critics groups . The 2006 film was commended for its ensemble cast , individual roles , screenplay , and other aspects of the film ." }, { "docid": "Little_Miss_Sunshine_(musical)", "title": "", "text": "Little Miss Sunshine is a musical adapted from the 2006 film of the same name , with music and lyrics by William Finn and book and direction by James Lapine . The musical premiered in San Diego , California at the Mandell Weiss Theater , La Jolla Playhouse on February 15 , 2011 . and began performances Off-Broadway at the Second Stage Theatre in October 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Pamela_Martin_(film_editor)", "title": "", "text": "Pamela Martin is an American film and television editor with more than fifteen feature film credits commencing in 1994 . Martin was nominated for an American Cinema Editors `` Eddie '' Award for Little Miss Sunshine ( directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris-2005 ) . For her work on The Fighter ( directed by David O. Russell-2010 ) , Martin was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Film Editing and an `` Eddie '' . Martin was also a member of the dramatic jury at the Sundance Film Festival in 2007 , and has been selected as a member of the American Cinema Editors ." }, { "docid": "Michael_Arndt", "title": "", "text": "Michael Arndt is an American screenwriter . He is best known as the writer of the films Little Miss Sunshine ( 2006 ) , Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) and Star Wars : The Force Awakens ( 2015 ) . Arndt won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Little Miss Sunshine and was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay for Toy Story 3 . This made Arndt the first screenwriter ever to be nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and Best Adapted Screenplay for his first two screenplays . He has also been credited under the pseudonyms Michael deBruyn and Rick Kerb , which are mainly used for script revisions ." }, { "docid": "Batman_Begins_(video_game)", "title": "", "text": "Batman Begins is a 2005 video game . It was released June 14 , 2005 , a day before the 2005 American superhero film . It was developed by Eurocom and published by Electronic Arts in conjunction with Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment and DC Comics . It was released on Game Boy Advance , GameCube , PlayStation 2 and Xbox . The film 's original cast provided a voice-over reprisal in the game , with the exception of Gary Oldman , who portrays James Gordon , replaced by Gavin Hammon . A PlayStation Portable version of the game was planned but subsequently cancelled ." }, { "docid": "Alan_Arkin", "title": "", "text": "Alan Wolf Arkin ( born March 26 , 1934 ) is an American actor , director , screenwriter , musician , and singer . With a film career spanning more than 55 years , Arkin is known for his performances in Popi , Wait Until Dark , The Russians Are Coming , the Russians Are Coming , The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter , Catch-22 , The In-Laws , Edward Scissorhands , Glengarry Glen Ross , Thirteen Conversations About One Thing , Little Miss Sunshine , and Argo . He has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor twice for his performances in The Russians Are Coming , the Russians Are Coming and The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter . He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Little Miss Sunshine and received a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Argo ." }, { "docid": "Albert_Berger", "title": "", "text": "Albert Berger is a film producer of such films as King of the Hill , Election , Cold Mountain , Little Children , Little Miss Sunshine , Ruby Sparks , and Nebraska . He is also a co-executive producer on the HBO series The Leftovers ( TV series ) . Berger and fellow producer Ron Yerxa were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture for the 2013 film Nebraska ." }, { "docid": "Greg_Kinnear", "title": "", "text": "Gregory Buck `` Greg '' Kinnear ( born June 17 , 1963 ) is an American actor and television personality . He was nominated for an Academy Award for his role in As Good as It Gets . Kinnear has appeared in many popular films , including Sabrina , You 've Got Mail , Nurse Betty , We Were Soldiers , Little Miss Sunshine , Robots , Invincible and Green Zone , and television roles , such as Friends , Talk Soup , The Kennedys , Modern Family and Rake ." }, { "docid": "David_T._Friendly", "title": "", "text": "David T. Friendly ( born May 1 , 1956 ) is an American film producer best known for co-producing the 2006 film Little Miss Sunshine , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture ." }, { "docid": "79th_Academy_Awards", "title": "", "text": "The 79th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2006 and took place February 25 , 2007 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Laura Ziskin and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actress Ellen DeGeneres hosted for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 10 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Maggie Gyllenhaal . The Departed won four awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Martin Scorsese . Other winners included Pan 's Labyrinth with three , An Inconvenient Truth , Dreamgirls , and Little Miss Sunshine with two , and Babel , The Blood of Yingzhou District , The Danish Poet , Happy Feet , The Last King of Scotland , Letters from Iwo Jima , The Lives of Others , Marie Antoinette , Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest , The Queen , and West Bank Story with one . The telecast garnered nearly 40 million viewers in the United States ." }, { "docid": "Dean_Norris", "title": "", "text": "Dean Joseph Norris ( born April 8 , 1963 ) is an American actor . He portrayed DEA agent Hank Schrader on the AMC series Breaking Bad ( 2008 -- 2013 ) and town councilman James `` Big Jim '' Rennie on the CBS series Under the Dome ( 2013 -- 2015 ) . Norris has appeared in films such as Lethal Weapon 2 ( 1989 ) , Hard To Kill ( 1990 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , Terminator 2 : Judgment Day ( 1991 ) , Starship Troopers ( 1997 ) , The Cell ( 2000 ) , Little Miss Sunshine ( 2006 ) , Evan Almighty ( 2007 ) , and Sons of Liberty ( 2015 ) ." }, { "docid": "Big_Beach_(company)", "title": "", "text": "Big Beach is an American independent production company founded in 2004 by Marc Turtletaub and Peter Saraf , based in New York City . It is best known for their lower-budget comedy-drama films , including the 2006 film Little Miss Sunshine ." }, { "docid": "Little_Miss_Sunshine_(soundtrack)", "title": "", "text": "The soundtrack for Little Miss Sunshine is a mix of indie rock and folk music . DeVotchKa provides the majority of the music on the soundtrack , and also the score , which they did with Mychael Danna . There are also selections from Sufjan Stevens , Rick James , and Tony Tisdale featured on the album . The song heard on the trailer featured on TV was `` Coming Home '' by The 88 . The internet trailer was accompanied by the `` The Yeah Yeah Yeah Song ( With All Your Power ) '' by The Flaming Lips ." }, { "docid": "Jo_Wyatt", "title": "", "text": "Joanna Louise `` Jo '' Wyatt ( born 28 September 1970 in London , England ) is an English actress and voice actress known for her voice as Little Miss Helpful , Little Miss Naughty , Little Miss Scary and Little Miss Sunshine in The Mr. Men Show . She also voiced Daisy Kribotnik in Love Soup , a woman in a bar in Extras , Natella in Bromwell High and a character in Guess with Jess . Including additional voices in Perfect Dark Zero and Dragon Quest VIII as well as narrating To Leo with Love ." }, { "docid": "De_Dhakka", "title": "", "text": "De Dhakka ( Marathi : दे धक्का ) is a Marathi film released in India in 2008 inspired by the Hollywood film Little Miss Sunshine ( 2006 ) . It was remade in Kannada as Crazy Kutumba . Arati Ankalikar-Tikekar , the play back singer of this film , received Maharashtra State Award , V Shantaram Award and Maharashtra Times award in the category of ` Best Play back singer ' ." }, { "docid": "Ron_Yerxa", "title": "", "text": "Ron Yerxa ( born May 18 , 1947 ) is an American film producer . He is known for the films Little Miss Sunshine , Hamlet 2 and Cold Mountain . Yerxa and fellow producer Albert Berger were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture for the 2013 film Nebraska . Ron Yerxa attended the University of California Santa Cruz and Stanford University" }, { "docid": "TCM_Underground", "title": "", "text": "TCM Underground is a weekly late-night cult film showcase airing on Turner Classic Movies . Developed by former TCM marketing director Eric Weber , it was originally hosted by industrial rock/heavy metal musician and independent filmmaker Rob Zombie . The movies were programmed by Eric Weber until 2007 when TCM programmer Millie De Chirico took over the role . The series was launched in an attempt to attract more young viewers to Turner 's older-skewing audience . TCM began airing a new program titled Friday Night Spotlight and , in effect , TCM Underground was moved from its Friday time slot to Saturdays beginning April 6 , 2013 ( a TCM broadcast day runs from 6am-5 :59 am EST the following day , making Underground , in fact , airing on Sunday ) . Promotional bumper material and opening credit sequences were created by Raygun . The series is periodically pre-empted by special month-long or seasonal scheduling themes , such as February 's `` 31 Days of Oscar '' film series and the month-long `` Summer Under the Stars '' . When it does not conflict with a special theme , TCM Underground airs in its usual slot early on Sunday morning . The cult films featured in TCM Underground belong to a number of genres , including but not limited to blaxploitation films ( Coffy , Darktown Strutters , The Mack ) , horror , slasher , and giallo films ( Let 's Scare Jessica to Death , Black Christmas , Hatchet for the Honeymoon ) , and counterculture films ( An American Hippie in Israel , Ciao ! Manhattan , Blue Sunshine ) ." }, { "docid": "Lakeshore_Records", "title": "", "text": "Lakeshore Records is the independent music division of Lakeshore Entertainment ( an independent film production company ) . They started out as WILL Records . Will Records were started by Skip Williamson in the early 1990s . As WILL Records they released albums by artists such as Grandaddy ( starting with their debut A Pretty Mess by This One Band ) In 2000 , Will records acquired the catalogue of recently closed Loosegroove Records ( a catalogue that included the debut full-length album by Queens of the Stone Age ) . Will Records and Lakeshore Entertainment partnered to form Lakeshore Records . Lakeshore Records has released soundtracks to many films , such as Napoleon Dynamite ( 2005 Grammy nominee -- Best Compilation Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture , Television Or Other Visual Media ) and Little Miss Sunshine ( 2006 Grammy nominee Best Compilation Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture , Television Or Other Visual Media ) ." }, { "docid": "Newmarket_Press", "title": "", "text": "Newmarket Publishing and Communications Company , and its publishing arm Newmarket Press , was founded in 1981 by President and Publisher Esther Margolis . Newmarket now publishes about 20-30 mainly non-fiction books a year , primarily in the areas of childcare & parenting , film & performing arts , psychology , health & nutrition , biography , history , business & personal finance , and popular self-help & reference . It has been a subsidiary of HarperCollins ' It Books since 2011 . Newmarket 's list includes such popular and acclaimed books as the 2 million-copy bestselling What 's Happening To My Body ? series of puberty education books for boys and girls by Lynda Madaras ; Suze Orman 's You 've Earned It , Do n't Lose It ; biographies of Condoleezza Rice and Buster Keaton ; Daphne Oz 's The Dorm Room Diet ; Dr Georgia Witkin 's The Female Stress Syndrome and The Male Stress Syndrome ; Gene Hackman & Daniel Lenihan 's first novel Wake of the Perdido Star ; Stuart Avery Gold 's international bestseller Ping : A Frog in Search of a New Pond ; and Shalom , Friend : The Life and Legacy Of Yitzhak Rabin winner of the 1996 National Jewish Book Award in nonfiction . In addition , Newmarket has created a successful niche in publishing books on film , theater and performing arts . Its entertainment list includes over 100 film books , tying into 301 Oscar nominations , and 96 Oscar wins . Newmarket Press is especially noted for the illustrated moviebooks on such films as The Matrix ; Dreamgirls ; X2 and X-Men : The Last Stand ; Gladiator ; Moulin Rouge ! ; Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon ; Chicago ; Sense and Sensibility ; Saving Private Ryan ; and Dances With Wolves ; and for its acclaimed Newmarket Shooting Script Series , including screenplay books on Little Miss Sunshine ; Sideways ; Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind ; Magnolia ; Traffic ; Erin Brockovich ; American Beauty ; and The Shawshank Redemption , among others ." }, { "docid": "Supriya_Maskey", "title": "", "text": "Supriya Maskey ( born , in Nepal ) is a Nepalese beauty queen . She was crowned as Little Miss World Nepal 2012 held at Tribhuvan Army Officers ' Club in Kathmandu September 30 , 2012 , on Sunday . She represented her country at Little Miss World and was crowned as Little Miss Teen World 2012 held on 6 October 2012 in Antalya , Turkey ." }, { "docid": "Cillian_Murphy", "title": "", "text": "Cillian Murphy ( -LSB- ˈkIliən -RSB- born 25 May 1976 ) is an Irish actor of stage and screen . Since making his debut in his home country in the late 1990s , Murphy has also become a presence in British and American cinemas noted by critics for his performances in many independent and mainstream films . He is best known as Jim in 28 Days Later ( 2002 ) , the Scarecrow in The Dark Knight Trilogy ( 2005 -- 12 ) , Jackson Rippner in Red Eye ( 2005 ) , Robert Capa in Sunshine ( 2007 ) , Robert Fischer in Inception ( 2010 ) and Thomas Shelby in the BBC series Peaky Blinders . A native of Cork , Murphy began his performing career as a rock musician . After turning down a record deal , he made his professional acting debut in the play Disco Pigs in 1996 . While continuing with stage work he also began appearing in independent films , first coming to international attention in 2002 as the hero of Danny Boyle 's post-apocalyptic film 28 Days Later . Murphy 's profile continued to grow in 2005 when he appeared in a series of successful films : firstly as the Scarecrow in Christopher Nolan 's 2005 blockbuster Batman Begins -- a role he reprised in The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) and The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) -- and secondly in the action-thriller Red Eye ( 2005 ) . For his performance as a transgender woman in Breakfast on Pluto ( 2005 ) , Murphy received a Golden Globe award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy . In 2006 , Murphy played the lead role in Ken Loach 's Palme d'Or-winning film The Wind That Shakes the Barley . He teamed up again with Boyle for the science-fiction film Sunshine ( 2007 ) , and with Nolan for the highly successful thriller Inception ( 2010 ) . Since 2013 , Murphy has played the lead in the BBC gangster series Peaky Blinders . He has continued to work on stage , and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance for Misterman in 2011 . Murphy lives with his wife and two children in Monkstown , Dublin . In 2011 Murphy became patron of the UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre at the National University of Ireland Galway . He is closely associated with the work of Professor Pat Dolan Director UCFRC and UNESCO Chair in Children , Youth and Civic Engagement ." }, { "docid": "Crazy_Kutumba", "title": "", "text": "Crazy Kutumba is a 2010 Kannada comedy film directed by B. Ramamurthy and produced by Ravi Joshi for Luv Kush Productions banner . The story is a remake of Marathi film De Dhakka ( 2008 ) which was inspired from the Hollywood film , Little Miss Sunshine ( 2006 ) . The film features Ramesh Aravind and Ananth Nag in leading roles with Sanathini , Dhanya Rao , Jai Jagadish , Bank Janardhan and other theater artistes from North Karnataka region playing supporting roles ." }, { "docid": "Steve_Carell", "title": "", "text": "Steven John Carell ( -LSB- kəˈrɛl -RSB- born August 16 , 1962 ) is an American actor , comedian , director , producer and writer . Carell is best known for playing Michael Scott on the American version of The Office from 2005-2011 , on which he also worked as an occasional writer , producer and director . Carell was a correspondent on The Daily Show With Jon Stewart for about five years , and has since starred in Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) , The 40-Year-Old Virgin ( 2005 ) , Evan Almighty ( 2007 ) , Get Smart ( 2008 ) , Crazy , Stupid , Love ( 2011 ) , The Incredible Burt Wonderstone and The Way , Way Back ( both 2013 ) . He has also voice-acted in Over the Hedge ( 2006 ) , Horton Hears a Who ! ( 2008 ) , and the Despicable Me franchise ( 2010 -- 2017 ) . Carell was nominated as `` America 's funniest man '' in Life magazine , and received a Golden Globe Award Best Actor in a Television Series for his work on The Office . His dramatic role as wrestling coach and convicted murderer John Eleuthère du Pont in the 2014 film Foxcatcher earned him several awards and nominations , including a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . He also received acclaim for his roles in Little Miss Sunshine ( 2006 ) and The Big Short ( 2015 ) , the latter earning him a Golden Globe nomination ." }, { "docid": "Steven_Christopher_Parker", "title": "", "text": "Steven Christopher Parker ( born January 8 , 1989 ) is an American actor who is best known for his role as `` Sledgehammer '' Big Wes in the 2005 film Rebound . Parker has appeared in more than a dozen feature films , including Rebound , Juno and Little Miss Sunshine . He can also be seen as a pizza delivery impostor in a late-2008 television advertisement for DiGiorno . He also had an uncredited scene on `` Blades of Glory '' for less than 5 seconds . Parker was a contestant on The Price Is Right '' on his birthday in January 2010 . He ended up getting on stage with Drew Carey . However , he did not win his game and ended up with 55 cents while spinning the Big Wheel , not good enough to make it into the Showcase . The show was broadcast on CBS on March 2 , 2010 . Parker is a 2006 graduate of Gorman High School in Gorman , California ." }, { "docid": "Peter_Saraf", "title": "", "text": "Peter Saraf is an American film producer whose feature film credits include Adaptation ( 2002 ) , Little Miss Sunshine ( 2006 ) , Our Idiot Brother ( 2011 ) and The Kings of Summer ( 2013 ) . In 2004 , he co-founded the film production company Big Beach with Marc Turtletaub ; the two still run the company , and produce most of their films through it . Saraf is the son of the late film producer and director , Irving Saraf . Irving Saraf , who was born in Poland and raised in Israel , won an Academy Award for the documentary film , In the Shadow of the Stars , in 1991 ." }, { "docid": "Finding_Dawn", "title": "", "text": "Finding Dawn is a 2006 documentary film by Métis filmmaker Christine Welsh looking into the fate of an estimated 500 Canadian Aboriginal women who have been murdered or have gone missing over the past 30 years . The film begins with the story of Dawn Crey : one of 60 women , a third of them Aboriginal , who have disappeared from Vancouver 's Downtown Eastside over a 20-year period . Crey 's remains were among those found on the property of British Columbia serial killer Robert Pickton . However , not enough of Dawn 's DNA was found to list her as one of the murder victims at the trial . The film introduces viewers to Dawn sister and brother , and their involvement in the annual Women 's Memorial March in Vancouver . The film then focuses on BC 's Highway 16 , known as the Highway of Tears , which runs between Prince Rupert , British Columbia and Prince George , British Columbia , looking at the fate of Ramona Wilson . Wilson was one of nine women - all but one of them Native - who have gone missing or been murdered on that stretch of road since the 1990s . Welsh also filmed in Saskatoon , where a woman named Daleen Kay Bosse disappeared in 2004 . She went missing in May but a criminal investigation did n't begin until the following January . In the film , Daleen 's parents and friends talk about their difficulty in getting Saskatoon police to take Daleen 's disappearance seriously . Native rights activists Janice Acoose and Fay Blaney are interviewed in the film . Christine Welsh has produced , written and directed films for more than 30 years . She is an associate professor at the University of Victoria , where she teaches courses in indigenous women 's studies and indigenous cinema . Finding Dawn is referenced in the later 2015 documentary Highway of Tears , which notes its impact on native viewers ." }, { "docid": "Writers_Guild_of_America_Awards_2006", "title": "", "text": "59th WGA Awards Presented by the Writers Guild of America , East and the Writers Guild of America , west 2007 Best Adapted Screenplay : The Departed Best Original Screenplay : Little Miss Sunshine The 59th Writers Guild of America Awards honored the best film and television writers of 2006 ." }, { "docid": "Jonathan_Dayton_and_Valerie_Faris", "title": "", "text": "Jonathan Dayton ( born July 7 , 1957 ) and Valerie Faris ( born October 20 , 1958 ) are a team of American film directors and music video directors , also husband and wife , that received critical acclaim for their feature film directorial debut , Little Miss Sunshine . Later the couple went on to direct the 2012 romantic comedy-drama Ruby Sparks , which was also met with a positive critical consensus ." }, { "docid": "Big_Cook,_Little_Cook", "title": "", "text": "Big Cook , Little Cook is a television series for nursery school aged children , broadcast on BBC television channels ( particularly the CBeebies digital television channel ) . The programme is set in the kitchen of a café , with two principal characters , Big Cook Ben and Little Cook Small . Ben is a full-sized adult , but Small is only a few inches tall ( somewhat ironic , as his actor is the taller of the two . ) and flies around on a wooden spoon . Ben and Small are played by Stephen Marsh and Dan Wright respectively . The format of a programme generally includes a visit to the café by a nursery rhyme or fairy tale character ( such as Little Miss Muffet or Humpty Dumpty ) . Little Cook tells a story about the visitor which paints himself as the real hero , and then they decide to cook the visitor an appropriate meal from Big Cook 's recipe book . Little Cook will then fly away on his magic spoon to see where one of the ingredients is made , e.g. chutney factory . Activities within the kitchen , such as washing up and tidying up , are accompanied by catchy song and dance routines . Both cooks act in an expansive and overblown style , but the show seems intended to encourage children to take an interest in cooking . The cooks rhyme a lot , like `` We need a story to help us cook , let 's take a look in Little Cook 's Book . '' Big Cook does most of the actual cooking and telling the viewers how to make the recipes ; Little Cook does some preparation or sets the timer . Some of the aerial shots of Little Cook flying were filmed over the town of Skipton , North Yorkshire . The first series of Big Cook , Little Cook aired on 2 February 2004 , whilst the second series began on 4 February 2006 , with two new episodes being broadcast that day . In 2005 the duo featured in commercials for Betfair , the broadcaster Channel 4 's official sponsor , during The Ashes cricket series , being shown as two-part advertisements at the beginning and end of each break . Trailers for the programme on the BBC spoofed the food adverts of Marks & Spencer , which featured the voice of Dervla Kirwan . Until February 2012 , CBeebies aired repeats on the channel ." } ]
178005	IO Theater is a place where people train.	[ { "docid": "IO_Theater", "title": "", "text": "iO , or iO Chicago , ( formerly known as `` ImprovOlympic '' ) is an improv theater and training center in central Chicago , with a branch in Los Angeles called iO West . The theater both teaches and hosts performances of improvisational comedy . It was founded in 1981 by the late Del Close and Charna Halpern . The theater has many notable alumni , including Amy Poehler and Stephen Colbert ." } ]	[ { "docid": "IO_West", "title": "", "text": "The iO West ( formerly known as the `` ImprovOlympic West '' ) is the Los Angeles branch of the iO in Chicago . The theater is located at 6366 Hollywood Blvd. , in Hollywood , California . In addition to presenting improv and sketch comedy shows every night , the iO West has improv training classes and is the home for the Los Angeles Improv Comedy Festival . iO West recently celebrated its 10th anniversary and has been performing in its Hollywood location since October 2001 ." }, { "docid": "Stage_Left_Children's_Theater", "title": "", "text": "Stage Left Children 's Theater is a non-profit children 's theater for students from kindergarten to the twelfth grade devoted to producing quality theater for , by , and with children . Stage Left Children 's Theater , Inc. ( SLCT ) was founded by the artistic director Ayn Lauren and executive director/producer Francesca H. Lopez in 1999 . SLCT uses education , collaboration and performance techniques as a catalyst for developing social and professional skills , responsibility , character , and integrity . Since 1999 , Stage Left Children 's Theater 's programs have enriched the lives of hundred of students , parents , siblings , and extended family . Francesca oversees the daily operations of the organization while highly trained instructors , independently contracted , teach classes and workshops throughout the week . Volunteers are the core of SLCT and help implement several of the programs . These people include neighborhood residents , parents and family members , industry professionals , and other field experts who assist in every aspect of the organization from transportation to set construction , book-keeping to playing in the orchestra of a production . Stage Left is currently situated in their studio in Tappan , New York where most of the classes and rehearsals take place during the year ." }, { "docid": "Stadium_seating", "title": "", "text": "Stadium seating or theater seating is a characteristic seating arrangement that is most commonly associated with performing-arts venues , and derives its name from stadiums , which typically use this arrangement . In stadium seating , most or all seats are placed higher than the seats immediately in front of them so that the occupants of further-back seats have less of their views blocked by those further forward . This is especially necessary in stadiums where the subject matter is typically best observed from above , rather than in-line or from below . In addition to sports venues and performing arts venues , many other venues that require clear audience views of a single area use stadium seating , including religious institutions , lecture halls , and movie theaters . An alternative to stadium seating is to place the focal area at a higher level than the audience , so that the audience may look above those people in front of them to see , ( like the green circle in the illustration , right ) , avoiding blocked sight-lines . One example of this is floor seating of a music venue which has a raised stage ; seats are commonly all at an equal height on the actual floor of a venue , such as the floor seats at a concert held in a sports arena . Because the increased angle of stadium seating , seats are typically ( but not universally ) installed on a stepped floor surface which also functions as a staircase in the aisles . This is as opposed to the common usage of a flat , often slightly sloped , floor used in many standard seating venues ( such as many stage theaters ) . There has been some criticism of stadium seating because , due to the stepped layout , it is usually not possible for disabled people in wheelchairs to move about . Venues with stadium seating generally place handicapped seating among the row which is at the level of the concourse which feeds the seating area , leaving more space than rows above or below it , and leaving chair-less space ( s ) for wheelchairs . The trains on some roller coasters are also configured in tiers ; this seating configuration is also sometimes called stadium seating . Three prominent examples of roller coasters whose trains use this type of seating are Millennium Force at Cedar Point , which opened in 2000 , SheiKra at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay , which opened in 2005 , and Griffon at Busch Gardens Williamsburg , which opened in 2007 . Converting sloped-floor theaters to stadium seating often requires raising the ceiling and adding risers , so owners of movie theaters often judge conversion as not cost effective ." }, { "docid": "Longhouse_Religion", "title": "", "text": "The Longhouse Religion is the popular name of the religious movement known as The Code of Handsome Lake or Gaihwi : io ( Good Message ) , founded in 1799 by the Seneca prophet Handsome Lake ( Sganyodaiyoˀ ) . This movement combines and reinterprets elements of traditional Iroquois religious beliefs with elements adopted from Christianity , primarily from the Quakers . Gaihwi : io currently has about 5,000 practicing members . Originally the Gaihwi : io was known as the `` new religion '' in opposition to the prevailing animistic beliefs , but has since become known as the `` old religion '' in opposition to Christianity . Prior to the adoption of the single-family dwelling , Iroquois lived in large , extended-family homes also known as longhouses which also served as meeting places , town halls , theaters , and sites for religious ceremonies . Gaihwi : io keeps the longhouses for ceremonial purposes , and the movement was therefore termed the `` Longhouse Religion . ''" }, { "docid": "SPLA-IO", "title": "", "text": "The Sudan People 's Liberatiion Army-in-Opposition SPLA-IO , also known as Anti government force AGF is a South Sudanese resistance group . Its chairman and commander-in-in chief is Riek Machar Teny , who is also the charman of the party SPLM-IO . Teny appointed General Simon Gatwech Dual as Army chief of Generals Staff , deputized by DCoGS for Operations , Trainning , Political and Moral Orientation , Logistics , and Administration and Finance ." }, { "docid": "J.D._Durkin", "title": "", "text": "J.D. Durkin ( born 1987 ) is an American political columnist , television host , producer , and director who is currently an anchor for Cheddar TV in New York City . He is a graduate of Villanova University in Villanova , Pennsylvania with a Bachelor of Arts in English , and trained with The Second City , io West , and Peoples Improv Theater . He has interviewed high-profile political figures like former Massachusetts Congressman Barney Frank , National Security Advisor Michael T. Flynn , and DNC Chair Donna Brazile . Durkin covered the 2016 presidential campaign as the Senior Editor of Mediaite , a site focusing on the intersection of cable news and political media founded by Dan Abrams . Before Mediaite , Durkin worked as a writer for various comedy pilots and wrote and directed the National Tour of The Joe Moses One Man Showses , a spin-off of StarKid Productions . He previously wrote and served as Unit Production Manager for the 2009 documentary Price of Life ." }, { "docid": "List_of_mountains_on_Io", "title": "", "text": "More than 135 mountains have been identified on the surface of Jupiter 's moon Io . Despite the extensive active volcanism taking place on Io , most mountains on Io are formed through tectonic processes . These structures average 6 km ( 4 mi ) in height and reach a maximum of 17.5 ± 1.5 km ( 10.9 ± 1 mi ) at South Boösaule Montes . Mountains often appear as large ( the average mountain is 157 km ( 98 mi ) long ) , isolated structures with no apparent global tectonic patterns outlined , in contrast to the situation on Earth . To support the tremendous topography observed at these mountains requires rock compositions consisting mostly of silicate , as opposed to sulfur . Mountains on Io ( generally , structures rising above the surrounding plains ) have a variety of morphologies . Plateaus are most common . These structures resemble large , flat-topped mesas with rugged surfaces . Other mountains appear to be tilted crustal blocks , with a shallow slope from the formerly flat surface and a steep slope consisting of formerly sub-surface materials uplifted by compressive stresses . Both types of mountains often have steep scarps along one or more margins . Only a handful of mountains on Io appear to have a volcanic origin . These mountains resemble small shield volcanoes , with steep slopes ( 6 -- 7 ° ) near a small , central caldera and shallow slopes along their margins . These volcanic mountains are often smaller than the average mountain on Io , averaging only 1 to 2 km ( 0.6 to 1.2 mi ) in height and 40 to 60 km ( 25 to 37 mi ) wide . Other shield volcanoes with much shallower slopes are inferred from the morphology of several of Io 's volcanoes , where thin flows radiate out from a central patera , such as at Ra Patera . Some of Io 's mountains have received official names from the International Astronomical Union . The names are a combination of a name of a person or place derived from the Greek mythological story of Io , Dante 's Inferno , or from the name of a nearby feature on Io surface and an approved descriptive term . The descriptive terms , or categories , used for these mountains depends on their morphology , which is a reflection of the mountain 's age , geologic origin ( volcanic or tectonic ) , and mass wasting processes . Mountains consisting of massifs , ridges , or isolated peaks use the descriptive term , mons or the plural montes , the Latin term for mountain . These features are named after prominent locations from the Greek mythological travels of Io or places mentioned in Dante 's Inferno . Plateaus are normally given the descriptive term mensa ( pl . mensae ) , the Latin term for mesa , though some mountains with plateau morphology use mons . Ionian mensae are named after mythological figures associated with the Io myth , characters from Dante 's Inferno . Like mountains , these features can also be named after nearby volcanoes . Some units of layered plains have names using the descriptive term planum ( pl . plana ) . However other more mountainous structures , such as Danube Planum , use the term . Partly as a result of the inconsistent use of this term , planum has not been used since the Voyager era . Ionian plana are named after locations associated with the Io myth . Rare cases of volcanic mountains , such as the shield volcano Tsũi Goab Tholus , use the term tholus ( plural : tholi ) . Ionian tholi are named after people associated with the Io myth or nearby features on Io 's surface . See also the list of volcanic features on Io and the list of regions on Io ." }, { "docid": "Moscow_Art_Theater_School", "title": "", "text": "Moscow Art Theater School is a studio school ( college ) the Moscow Art Theatre . It is a state educational institution . In existence since 1943 . The initiator of the studio school was Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko . Open three faculties -- the cast ( training -- 4 years , the competition -- 30 per place ) , staging ( training -- 5 years , the contest -- 3 persons per place ) and Producer ( training -- 5 years , the competition -- 4 persons per place ) . Form of study -- full-time ." }, { "docid": "Box_(theatre)", "title": "", "text": "In theater , a box ( also known as loge ) is a small , separated seating area in the auditorium for a limited number of people . Boxes are typically placed immediately to the front , side and above the level of the stage . They are often separate rooms with an open viewing area which typically seat five people or fewer . Usually all the seats in a box are taken by members of a single group of people . A state box or royal box is sometimes provided for dignitaries . In theaters without box seating the loge can refer to a separate section at the front of the balcony . Sports venues such as stadiums and racetracks also have royal boxes or enclosures , for example at the All England Club and Ascot Racecourse , where access is limited to royal families or other distinguished personalities . In other countries , sports venues have luxury boxes , where access is open to anyone who can afford tickets ." }, { "docid": "Terrorist_incidents_in_Pakistan_in_1990", "title": "", "text": "May 7 -- 21 people were killed and 30 injured in a train bombing near Lahore . State authorities said they had no suspect but local newspapers blamed the flurry of bombings in Lahore , Rawalpindi and Islamabad on Indian secret agents . May 18 -- 10 people were killed and 54 wounded as a result of bomb blast near movie theater in Lahore . July 16 -- 43 people were killed and 110 injured in 7 bomb explosions in Hyderabad , Sindh . The bombs were placed in markets , residential areas bus stops and a southbound train . Six of the explosions occurred within 10 minutes and the seventh one exploded an hour later . No one claimed responsibility but the police suspected Sindhi nationalists behind the bombings ." }, { "docid": "Playwrights_Horizons_Theater_School", "title": "", "text": "Playwrights Horizons Theater School is a `` professional training program for theater artists : actors , directors , playwrights , and dramaturgs '' affiliated with NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts . It is located at 440 Lafayette Street in Manhattan . The school was founded in the mid-1980s when NYU , in an effort to expand its program to also train directors , stage managers , and playwrights , approached then-head of Playwrights Horizons Andre Bishop to start a school that would fill those functions . An acting program was included in the school . The school as a core acting training program with a variety of acting courses , voice & speech , movement , African dance , ballet , erofessionals works together to create an atmosphere of rigorous discipline and challenge for the adventurous student of theater . The training is largely Stanislavsky-based traditional theater training In 18 years of operation the school , now under the direction of Helen R. Cook , has trained more than 1,800 theater students and produced approximately 600 faculty and student directed productions . The school , situated east of NYU 's main campus at 440 Lafayette Street , has a current enrollment of 200 students . The school is the only one of the many studios in Tisch , aside from the Technical Production Track , that does not exclusively train actors . Students may train along many tracks , including acting , directing , design , and Creating Original Work ( COW ) . In 2008 , the 4th Year actors putting up Directing pieces were able to use the Peter Jay Sharp Theatre , the Off-Broadway blackbox venue at Playwrights Horizons uptown , seating 120 people per showing ." }, { "docid": "Gathering_place", "title": "", "text": "A gathering place is any place where people are able to congregate . Gathering places may be public ; for example , city streets , town squares , and parks ; or private ; for example , churches , coffee shops , stadiums , and theaters . Examples of gathering places include Stonehenge , the agora of ancient Greece , New York City 's Central Park , and London 's Trafalgar Square ." }, { "docid": "Elks_Building_and_Theater", "title": "", "text": "The Prescott Elks Theater and Performing Arts Center is a classically designed turn of the 20th century opera house seating over 500 . Completed in 1905 and listed on the National Register of Historical Places as Elks Building and Theater , it was one of many `` Elks ' Opera Houses '' across the country . Now over a hundred years later only one still exists . The theater in the beginning was the host to minstrel shows , balls , plays and theater performances . Movies arrived with the silent era about 1915 . In 1929 sound was added and the `` talkies '' had arrived . Movies continued to be shown till the 1980s . After many changes of private ownerships the opera house was turned over to Arizona Community Foundation in the early 1980s . Then began the effort to return the opera house to its original glory . The opera house was purchased by the City of Prescott in 2001 . The Foundation in partnership with the City began the restoration with the lobby , green room , dressing rooms and other parts of the building . Restoration was finally completed by the Foundation and the City in 2010 . A $ 1.75 million renovation of the theatre in the building was completed in 2010 . In 2012 the City sold the buildings to a non profit , The Elks Theater and Performing Arts Center ( ETPAC ) . The theater restoration completed , the ETPAC then began plans to renovate and restore the three-story Elks Lodge # 330 . The new restoration project continued through 2016 when in December all construction was completed . Added to the lodge were two state of the art professional dance studios ; one with a floating Hickory dance floor and the other with a `` sprung Marley '' surface . Each studio is self-contained with its own adjustable lighting , heat and air conditioning and state of the art sound systems . Also found on the second floor are five Wenger music and voice isolation practice booths . Plans are in the works to include a digital recording board . The third floor of the ETPAC sports two separate banquet halls with a total floor capacity of 200 people and a whole floor sound system . A brand new chef 's kitchen was also installed on the third floor , with warming ovens , grills , griddles and more . During the remodel every effort was made to save and restore the original construction where possible . That is why you will find the original barrel ceilings with tin stamp found in other parts of the building still in place . The renovation also uncovered a hidden staircase that was saved along with the original stain glass `` clock '' that was placed in the building by the Brotherhood of Elks . It points to 11 o'clock when in Elks ' traditional a toast is made to absent members . `` Bill '' the original locally sourced copper Elk still lives on the roof of the performing arts center . The ETPAC is a 501c3 charitable organization . As part of the purchase agreement an endowment was set up for the perpetual operation and maintenance of the theater and performing arts center . The mission of the ETPAC is to enhance the community of Prescott by providing space for practice , rehearsal and training of the performing arts . The Elks Theater and Performing Arts Center on East Gurley Street in Prescott , Arizona is a three-story Early Commercial style building built in c. 1905 . It is approximately 95 ft wide and 125 ft deep . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 ." }, { "docid": "Adriana_Budevska", "title": "", "text": "Adriana Budevska ( 13 December 1878 -- 9 December 1955 ) , was a Bulgarian actress , one of the founders of the professional theater in Bulgaria . She is considered one of the biggest Bulgarian interpretators of tragic roles . She was born in Dobrich . She graduated from school in Varna . In 1895 , after a contest , she won a scholarship to study at the Mali theater in Moscow . After completing four years training she returned to Bulgaria in 1899 , where she debuted in the role of Vassilis Melentieva in the eponymous play `` Tear and Laughter '' by A.N. Ostrovsky in the capital 's theatre company . From 1906 to 1926 , she was active in the National Theatre . She married Hristo Ganev - one of the founders of Bagarskiya professional theater . In 1926 , she was dismissed after more than 10 years as one of the prime creative forces , standing outside the scene , and in 1937 , she went to South America with her son , not returning until 1948 . On 20 February 1949 , the community celebrated her 70th anniversary . Adriana Budevska contributed to the Bulgarian theater with the realistic traditions of Russian theater , and with the focus of classical repertoire . She was the author of numerous articles , portraits of artists , memories . Some of her more noted roles where : Nina Zarechnaya , Mila , Price , Sonja , ConCon , Ophelia , Lady Macbeth , Nora , Mona Bath , Marguerite Gautier , Emilia gallons . She died in Sofia . Category :1878 births Category :1955 deaths Category : Bulgarian stage actresses Category : People from Dobrich Category :20 th-century Bulgarian actresses" }, { "docid": "Wieting_Theater", "title": "", "text": "The Wieting Theater is located in Toledo , Iowa , United States . Ella W. Wieting had three opera houses built as memorials to her husband , C.W. Wieting . The Wietings came to Toledo in 1867 from Worcester , New York . He was trained as a dentist , and was involved in other business ventures . They moved to Syracuse , New York around 1900 , and he died there in 1906 . She had the opera houses built in the three communities where they lived . The theater in Toledo housed productions from travelling road shows , local school productions , political meetings , movies , and lyceum courses . The theater closed in 1958 , and reopened two years later by the Wieting Theatre Guild . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . Completed in 1912 , the two-story brick structure measures 50 by . The Colonial Revival style facade features a brick parapet , columned porch , and a Palladian window . The interior contains an auditorium , balcony , stage , dressing rooms , and an orchestra pit ." }, { "docid": "Cisco_IOS_XE", "title": "", "text": "IOS XE is a train of Cisco Systems ' widely deployed Internetworking Operating System ( IOS ) , introduced with the ASR 1000 series . It is built on Linux and provides a distributed software architecture that moves many operating system responsibilities out of the IOS process and has a copy of IOS running as a separate process ." }, { "docid": "Peoples_Improv_Theater", "title": "", "text": "The Peoples Improv Theater is an award-winning training center and comedy theater in New York City , founded by Ali Farahnakian in 2002 . The PIT boasts a proud history of community through comedy , and consists of three venues : Striker , Underground , and the Loft . The Striker Stage and Underground are located in Manhattan 's Flatiron District at 123 E. 24th Street . The Loft , located in Chelsea , Manhattan at 154 W. 29th Street , was the PIT 's original location . Shows performed here include improvisational comedy , sketch comedy , stand-up comedy , theater and original comedy ." }, { "docid": "Pocket_Trains", "title": "", "text": "Pocket Trains is a business simulation video game developed by NimbleBit for iOS and Android . It was published into the App Store on 15 September 2013 for iOS ." }, { "docid": "Egypt_Mons", "title": "", "text": "Egypt Mons is a mountain on Jupiter 's moon Io . It is 10 kilometers in height , making it the 11th tallest mountain on Io , and taller than Mount Everest . Although the U.S. Geological Survey gives a diameter of 193.7 kilometers , the Io Mountain Database gives a length of 133.8 kilometers and a width of 146.0 kilometers . It is a Flatiron Massif mountain , meaning it has a rugged , irregular appearance and complex surface morphology . It is 9792 km2 in area and located at . It has a steep , north-facing scarp . Egypt Mons is named for Egypt , because that is the place where Io ended her wanderings in the mythology . Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1997 . To the northwest is Babbar Patera , and southeast is Hermes Mensa . Svarog Patera can be found to the southwest ." }, { "docid": "La_Cigale", "title": "", "text": "La Cigale is a theater at 120 , boulevard de Rochechouart near Place Pigalle , in the 18th arrondissement of Paris . The theatre is part of a complex that is connected to Le Trabendo and the Boule Noire . The hall can accommodate 1389 people ( for concerts where the audience is standing ) or 954 people ( for shows with entire audience seated ) . The floor of the orchestra has a scalable platform that can tilt and rise through a system of hydraulics . The Inrockuptibles Festival takes place 20 years at La Cigale . La Cigale also hosts the Factory Festival ." }, { "docid": "Susan_Messing", "title": "", "text": "Susan Messing ( born December 26 , 1963 ) is an American improvisational theatre performer , teacher and author associated with the Annoyance Theater and iO Theater in Chicago ." }, { "docid": "2016–17_Wau_clashes", "title": "", "text": "Heavy clashes take place in the Wau State since late June 2016 between the Dinka-dominated Sudan People 's Liberation Army ( SPLA ) and local opposition forces , consisting of tribal Fertit militias as well as fighters claiming allegiance to Riek Machar . It is unclear to what extent these rebels are actually part of the SPLM-IO or acting independently while using the SPLM-IO 's name . So far , the clashes resulted in the arrest of the state 's governor , Elias Waya Nyipuoc , widespread death and destruction in the state capital , Wau town , and the displacement of up to 150,000 people ." }, { "docid": "Josephine_Forsberg", "title": "", "text": "Josephine Forsberg ( 28 January 1921 -- 3 October 2011 ) , ex-wife of film director Rolf Forsberg , was hired by Paul Sills and Viola Spolin to join the original Second City in 1959 as the female understudy and Spolin 's teaching assistant . She became an expert in improvisational techniques for the theater , and by the mid 1960s she had taken over most of Spolin 's and Sills 's classes , as well as Spolin 's children 's theater company . From that point on most of the young performers that wanted to go onto the Second City stage studied with Forsberg for at least a year . These included Bill Murray , Harold Ramis , Betty Thomas , Shelley Long , George Wendt , David Mamet , and Robert Townsend . In 1971 , Forsberg opened up an official school of improvisation called Players Workshop , hiring her nephew Martin de Maat and her daughter Linnea Forsberg to teach alongside her . In terms of accepting students who were not necessarily Second City actors learning the art of improvisation , but also including students from all walks of life and professional disciplines Players Workshop can arguably be called the first real school of Improvisation , with a class structure , syllabus , and graduation requirement , pre-dating loosely organized workshops created in the mid-1970s by Dudley Riggs ( Minneapolis , MN USA ) and Keith Johnstone ( Calgary , AB , Canada ) . It soon grew to the largest school of improv in the country , training people for the Second City stage through a six term ( 12 month ) course . In 1980 , her son Eric Forsberg joined Players Workshop as a director , where he worked with David Shepard to develop a competitive improv game which was later called The Improv Olympiad . One of Forsberg 's students , Charna Halpern , joined forces with David Shepard and helped to bring the Improv Olympiad to become one of Chicago 's foremost arena 's for new improvisers . In the late 1980s Charna Halpern and Del Close transformed the Improv Olympiad into the IO , using Del 's new improv format called The Harold , otherwise known as long form . Forsberg retired from teaching in 1993 , leaving Players Workshop to her daughter . Her nephew , Martin de Maat had become the creative director of the Second City Training Center which was growing in leaps and bounds , offering a tremendous competition to Players Workshop . In 2003 Players Workshop closed its doors . However , in 2007 , she was approached by her old friend and student Bill Murray to help teach the New York Giants improv , in the hopes of giving them an edge . At 86 years old she did just that . It was the first time that she had taught anyone in years . That year they won the Super Bowl . She returned to teach the New York Giants again in 2008 . Forsberg , along with her daughter Linnea , wrote `` Improvisation for Speech and Theater . '' It was published by Kendall Hunt Publishing in 2010 . Forsberg died on October 3 , 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Invisible_theater", "title": "", "text": "Invisible theatre is a form of theatrical performance that is enacted in a place where people would not normally expect to see one , for example in the street or in a shopping centre . Performers disguise the fact that it is a performance from those who observe and who may choose to participate in it , thus leading spectators to view it as a real , unstaged event . The Brazilian theater practitioner Augusto Boal and Panagiotis Assimakopoulos developed the form during their time in Argentina in the 1960s as part of his Theatre of the Oppressed , which focused on oppression and social issues . Invisible theatre developed in the context of increasingly repressive dictatorship in Brazil and Argentina . The purpose of invisible theatre was to show oppression in everyday life , in an everyday setting , without the audience or Spect-actors knowing . Boal went on to develop forum theater ." }, { "docid": "Theater_im_OP", "title": "", "text": "The Theater im OP ( ThOP ) is the university theater of Georg-August-Universität Göttingen . It was founded by the theatre section of the German Department in 1984 . Its main objective is to give training and practical experience in theater . The theater 's name refers to its location , which is a former operating room of the university hospital . This structure produces a virtual theater-in-the-round ( bench seats are on the two larger , opposing sides and additional seats are often added on a third side . The seats are above the stage area . The bench seats rise very steeply . This , combined with the bench structure , tend to give the theater an intimate atmosphere . Casts and crews are predominantly students , but a sizable number of the participants are university staff and towns-people as well ." }, { "docid": "IOS_XR", "title": "", "text": "IOS XR is a train of Cisco Systems ' widely deployed Internetworking Operating System ( IOS ) , used on their high-end Network Converging System ( NCS ) , carrier-grade routers such as the CRS series , 12000 series , and ASR9000 series ." }, { "docid": "MIMIC_Simulator", "title": "", "text": "MIMIC Simulator is a product suite from Gambit Communications consisting of simulation software in the network and systems management space . The MIMIC Simulator Suite has several components related to simulation of managed networks and data centers . MIMIC SNMP simulator solves a classical simulation problem : network management software typically manages large networks . Traditionally , in order to set up such networks for the purposes of software development , software testing or training , physical equipment had to be separately purchased and assembled in laboratories . To reduce the expense , most of the network can be simulated ( e.g. see ) . The principle behind SNMP simulation is that the SNMP protocol is an interface that can be simulated . SNMP requests carry data values for MIB objects , which can be shaped at will by the simulator , thus representing any device which has an SNMP interface . In contrast to network simulation , where the entire network is modelled within a computer , this type of empirical simulation is visible on the network , and one can communicate with the simulator over the network . The concept can be extended to other protocols such as for cable modems , CLI such as Cisco IOS ( see ) or TL1 , or IPMI . MIMIC IOS Simulator allows simulating the CLI protocol as encountered with Cisco IOS , JUNOS , TL/1 . The low-end MIMIC Virtual Lab products can be used for training for Cisco CCNA . MIMIC IPMI Simulator simulates the IPMI RMCP via LAN interface for high-end servers . MIMIC Web Simulator handles HTTP / SOAP / XML / WSDL interfaces for management via Web services ." }, { "docid": "Training_camp", "title": "", "text": "A training camp is a place , usually with an army-camp-type environment , where people go to participate in a rigorous and focused schedule of training in order to learn or improve skills , usually skills involving physical action rather than book subjects , usually for an armed force or an action sport . Examples include : Training camp ( National Football League ) G4 's Training Camp Boot camp Citizens Military Training Camp Camp Bullis , Camp Blanding , many more Terrorist training camp Afghan training camp : Category : Afghan training camps Career Training Camps Example : Training Camp ( IT company ) Category : Training" }, { "docid": "Steve_Zuckerman", "title": "", "text": "Steve Zuckerman is an American television and theater director . He began his career in the theater . After being trained at the University of Michigan and the Yale School of Drama , he went on to be the Associate Artistic Director of the IRT Theater where he directed celebrated productions of Odets `` Clash By Night '' and Ibsen 's `` Brand '' among many others . He was Director of Play Development at the Circle in the Square Theater and the Associate Artistic Director of the WPA Theater where he directed the premiere of `` Nuts '' which moved directly to Broadway and received two Tony Nominations and two Drama Desk Nominations . Since 1987 , he has amassed a number television credits including Full House , The Golden Girls , Murphy Brown , Empty Nest , Friends , The Drew Carey Show , Everybody Loves Raymond , Zoey 101 , According to Jim , Melissa and Joey , Anger Management and among other series ." }, { "docid": "Winsum_train_collision", "title": "", "text": "The Winsum train disaster took place on 25 July 1980 near Winsum in the Dutch province of Groningen . 9 people died and 21 were injured . The accident took place on a single track between Sauwerd and Roodeschool which did not have ATB or signals , instead the drivers were informed by radio where other trains on the tracks were , which was a less reliable system that relied on trust . In the early foggy morning of 25 July the driver of commuter train 8726 departed from Winsum railway station . Because of the fog he could not see the other train ( 8713 ) coming from Sauwerd , which the traffic controllers had warned him about and they told him to wait departing from Winsum until it had passed . Both trains collide head on . The true cause of the disaster never became clear ." } ]
63566	Coke Boys Records was founded by an American Rapper.	[ { "docid": "Coke_Boys_Records", "title": "", "text": "Coke Boys Records is an independent record label , originally known as Cocaine City Records that was founded by American rapper French Montana in 2008 . It is now an imprint on both Bad Boy Records and Maybach Music Group . Since then , French Montana has signed artists as follow ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Coke_Boys_3", "title": "", "text": "Coke Boys 3 : Niggas Wit Coke ( or simply Coke Boys 3 ) is a mixtape by American hip hop group Coke Boys , released on April 13 , 2012 . The mixtape features appearances from members signed to the Coke Boys Records label including Chinx Drugz , Charlie Rock , Cheez , and Flip , alongside guest appearances from Rick Ross , Akon , Mac Miller , Wale , Red Café , Stack Bundles , and other rappers ." }, { "docid": "Coke_Boys_(2010)", "title": "", "text": "Coke Boys is the tenth mixtape by American rapper French Montana , and the first installation in his `` Coke Boys '' series of mixtapes . It was released on September 15 , 2010 . The mixtape features collaborations with rappers Three 6 Mafia , Waka Flocka Flame , Akon , Gucci Mane , Fat Joe , Wiz Khalifa and French 's fellow Coke Boys Chinx Drugz , Cheeze , Flip and Brock , among others ." }, { "docid": "Chinx", "title": "", "text": "Lionel Pickens ( December 4 , 1983 -- May 17 , 2015 ) , better known by his stage name Chinx ( formerly Chinx Drugz ) , was an American hip hop recording artist from Queens , New York . He was a member of the Rockaway Riot Squad alongside fellow slain rapper Stack Bundles . Chinx later joined French Montana 's Coke Boys Records . He was best known for his appearances on the Coke Boys mixtapes and the Cocaine Riot mixtape series . He was killed by an unknown assailant through a fatal gunshot wound after a drive-by shooting in Jamaica , Queens , on May 17 , 2015 ." }, { "docid": "French_Montana", "title": "", "text": "Karim Kharbouch ( born November 9 , 1984 ) , better known by his stage name French Montana , is an American hip hop recording artist . Born in Morocco , he immigrated to the United States with his family when he was 13 years old . He is the founder of Coke Boys Records , and its predecessor Cocaine City Records . In 2012 , he signed a joint-venture recording deal with Bad Boy Records and Maybach Music Group . Montana has collaborated with record producer Harry Fraud and rapper Max B before his conviction . More recently he collaborated with Rick Ross , Diddy and his MMG and Bad Boy labelmates along with his Coke Boys which include the late Chinx , Lil Durk , and his brother Zack . French made his mixtape debut in 2007 , and released his debut studio album Excuse My French on May 21 , 2013 . In 2003 , he survived a gunshot to the head . Allegedly blackballed by radio and media in his earlier career stemming from his stint with Max B , in 2010 , he had his breakthrough with `` Choppa Choppa Down '' . In 2012 , his single `` Shot Caller '' was one of the most added tracks on urban contemporary radio in the country ." }, { "docid": "Excuse_My_French_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Excuse My French is the debut studio album by American rapper French Montana . It was released on May 21 , 2013 , by Coke Boys Records , Bad Boy Records , Maybach Music Group and Interscope Records . The album features guest appearances from Diddy , Nicki Minaj , Drake , Ace Hood , Lil Wayne , Birdman , The Weeknd , Rick Ross , 2 Chainz , Max B , Ne-Yo , Machine Gun Kelly , Raekwon , Scarface and Snoop Dogg , among others . The album 's production was handled by Mike Will Made It , Jahlil Beats , Reefa , Rico Love , Lex Luger and Young Chop , among others ." }, { "docid": "Shot_Caller", "title": "", "text": "`` Shot Caller '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist French Montana , released on January 10 , 2012 as his commercial debut single . The song features then-fellow Coke Boys rapper Charlie Rock on the chorus and was produced by American music producer Harry Fraud . The song was first released as part of Montana 's mixtape Mister 16 : Casino Life on February 15 , 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Coke_Zoo", "title": "", "text": "Coke Zoo is a collaborative mixtape by American hip hop recording artists French Montana and Fetty Wap . The mixtape was announced in early October and released on October 26 , 2015 by Coke Boys , RGF and 300 Entertainment . It features guest appearances from Chris Brown , Puff Daddy , Zoo Gang associates Monty and Nitt Da Gritt , and Coke Boy associates Lil Durk and Zack . Production derives from AK47 , Bassivity , Eye Beat , Metro Boomin , Mike DZL , Mixx , NickEBeats , Peoples , Remo The Hitmaker , RGF Productions , The MeKanics and Yung Lan ." }, { "docid": "MC4_(mixtape)", "title": "", "text": "MC4 ( abbreviation for Mac & Cheese 4 ) is the thirteenth solo mixtape by American rapper French Montana . MC4 was originally intended to be his second studio album . It was scheduled to be released on October 14 , 2016 , by Coke Boys Records , Bad Boy Records and Epic Records . However , the album 's release was canceled after Target unofficially released the album on CD , on its original release date , August 19 , 2016 , two months before the album was set to release , which was later leaked online in its entirety . Subsequently , the album was heavily bootlegged . It is the fourth installment in the Mac & Cheese series , and was intended to be the first of the series to be released as an album . On November 5 , 2016 , Montana unexpectedly released the album as a mixtape instead and premiered it on Canadian singer Drake 's Beats 1 radio show , OVO Sound , later that night . The project notably includes guest appearances from Kanye West , Miguel , Drake , Jeezy , ASAP Rocky , Kodak Black , Nas and Chinx . The album 's production was handled by Harry Fraud , Murda Beatz , Detail , DJ Khalil , DannyBoyStyles and The Alchemist , among others ." }, { "docid": "Coke_N_Butter", "title": "", "text": "Coke N Butter is a mixtape by American rapper O.T. Genasis . It was released on November 12 , 2016 . The project consists of twelve tracks , with guest appearances from 2 Chainz , T.I. , YG , Remy Ma , and Quavo , with production from BeatMonsters , BricksOnDaBeat , Go Grizzly , ITrez Beats , Jereme Jay , Juice 808 , LBeatz , Murda Beatz , OG Parker , Yung Lan , and Zaytoven . The mixtape was released through Conglomerate and Atlantic Records ." }, { "docid": "London_Boy", "title": "", "text": "London Boy is a mixtape by English rapper Chip , hosted by DJ Drama . It was released on 25 December 2012 as the first release under his new record label , Grand Hustle via Chip 's official website . London Boy features guest appearances from label-mate rappers T.I. , Iggy Azalea & B.o.B , American rappers Meek Mill , Young Jeezy , Trae tha Truth , British rappers Skepta , Wretch 32 , Blade Brown and Professor Green , American recording artist Jeremih and British singer-songwriters Delilah and Loick Essien - including Mavado , Sevyn and Parker . Production varies from S-X , Dready , The ThundaCatz and Don Cannon , among others . The twenty-track mixtape consists of eighteen original compositions and two remixes . The mixtape 's release was preceded by the underground singles `` Let It Breathe '' , `` More Money More Gyal '' and `` Londoner '' ." }, { "docid": "Poe_Boy_Entertainment", "title": "", "text": "Poe Boy Music Group ( formerly Poe Boy Entertainment ) is an American record label , founded in 1999 by Elric `` E-Class '' Prince , the label 's founder and CEO . President of Poe Boy Music Group Elvin `` Big Chuck '' Prince , CEO of Hiram Music Group & CEO of 24hourhiphop . com . That same year the label signed local Miami rappers , Cognito , Uk DJ / Producer Gav Savar , The P.O.D , Brisco and singer Rodney Kohn who set the label in motion . Poe Boy Music Group signed acts such as Flo Rida , J Rand , Kulture Shock , Billy Blue , Jacki-O , Brisco , Rick Ross , and Brianna Perry . The label has a close affiliation with fellow Miami based label Slip-n-Slide Records ." }, { "docid": "Ron_Browz", "title": "", "text": "Rondell Turner ( born December 6 , 1982 ) , better known by his stage name Ron Browz ( -LSB- ˈbraʊz -RSB- ) , is an American recording artist and record producer from Harlem , New York . He initially gained major recognition after producing the Jay-Z diss track , `` Ether '' by Nas . Due to the notoriety of the song , Browz adopted the nickname `` Ether Boy '' . In 2008 , he began recording music as a rapper , utilizing the Auto-Tune effect and subsequently released two popular singles , `` Pop Champagne '' and `` Jumping ( Out the Window ) '' . He also founded his own record label imprint , Ether Boy Records ." }, { "docid": "Legends_Never_Die_(Chinx_album)", "title": "", "text": "Legends Never Die is the second and final studio album by American hip hop recording artist Chinx . The album was released on September 16 , 2016 , by Entertainment One Music , Coke Boys Records , Riot Squad and NuSense Music Group ." }, { "docid": "Welcome_to_JFK", "title": "", "text": "Welcome to JFK is the debut studio album by American hip hop recording artist Chinx . It was released on August 14 , 2015 , by Entertainment One Music , Coke Boys Records , Riot Squad and NuSense Music Group . It was released posthumously following his death on May 17 , 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Los_(rapper)", "title": "", "text": "Carlos Coleman ( born March 23 , 1982 ) is an American rapper , singer , and record producer , better known by his stage name Los or King Los . Los has released various mixtapes during his career including The Crown Ai n't Safe and Becoming King to critical acclaim . He originally signed to Bad Boy Records during the 2005 in conjunction with his Bloc Incorporated record deal . After his deal fell through when Bloc folded , he returned to releasing music independently . Los signed to Diddy 's Bad Boy Records again in February 2012 , which is now distributed by Interscope Records . However , on March 19 , 2014 , he would announce that he was again leaving Bad Boy and Interscope . He is currently signed to After Platinum , 88 Classic and RCA ." }, { "docid": "Yaziza_Entertainment", "title": "", "text": "Yaziza Entertainment ( formerly known as GreenHouse Entertainment ) is a Namibian record label founded by Namibian rapper Sunny Boy in 2006 . Sunny Boy established the company under the name GreenHouse Entertainment in 2006 . After rumors of him signing back to Mshasho Records in 2008 , Sunny Boy decided to rename , relaunch and re-brand his label . The label plays a big role in the Mshasho/GMP war ." }, { "docid": "Smart_Ass_Black_Boy", "title": "", "text": "Smart Ass Black Boy is the second studio album by American rapper Fat Tony . It was released on Young One Records in 2013 . Written in two days and recorded in four days , the album is entirely produced by Tom Cruz . Music videos were created for `` BKNY '' , `` Hood Party '' , and `` Smart Ass Black Boy '' ." }, { "docid": "Hot_Boys", "title": "", "text": "The Hot Boys ( often styled as Hot Boy $ ) is an American hip hop group active consisting of both past and present Cash Money Records rappers Lil Wayne , Juvenile , B.G. and Turk ." }, { "docid": "Big_Boi_discography", "title": "", "text": "The discography of American rapper Big Boi consists of two studio albums , one mixtape , twenty-two singles , five promotional singles and twenty-five music videos . Big Boi initially achieved success as a member of the hip hop duo Outkast with fellow rapper André 3000 ; they have recorded and released six studio albums together , and their singles `` Ms. Jackson '' , `` Hey Ya ! '' and `` The Way You Move '' have all topped the US Billboard Hot 100 . In 1995 , Big Boi made a guest appearance on the single `` Dirty South '' by American hip hop group Goodie Mob , which peaked at number 92 on the Billboard Hot 100 . During the late 1990s and early 2000s , he made several other appearances on commercially successful singles , including `` All n My Grill '' by rapper Missy Elliott , `` A.D.I.D.A.S. '' by rapper Killer Mike and `` Girlfight '' by singer Brooke Valentine ; these songs charted on the Billboard Hot 100 . Big Boi released his first two solo singles -- `` Royal Flush '' and `` Sumthin 's Got ta Give '' -- in 2008 , with `` Ringtone '' following in 2009 . All three songs were recorded for his purported debut studio album Sir Lucious Left Foot : The Son of Chico Dusty : however , due to legal complications resulting from Big Boi 's departure from his former record label Jive Records , the album 's release was considerably delayed and was not released until 2010 . The eventual first single from Sir Lucious Left Foot : The Son of Chico Dusty , titled `` Shutterbugg '' , peaked at number 60 on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart , as well as number 32 on the UK Singles Chart and number 13 on the UK R&B Chart . The album spawned the single `` Follow Us '' , a collaboration with rock group Vonnegutt . Following its eventual release , Sir Lucious Left Foot : The Son of Chico Dusty debuted at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 , and appeared on several other national album charts . Big Boi 's second studio album , Vicious Lies and Dangerous Rumors , was released on December 11 , 2012 in the United States , and peaked at number 34 on the Billboard 200 in the first week following its release . The album was preceded by the release of the singles `` Gossip '' , `` She Said OK '' and `` Mama Told Me '' ." }, { "docid": "B.G._(rapper)", "title": "", "text": "Christopher Dorsey ( born September 3 , 1980 ) better known by his stage name B.G. ( short for `` Baby Gangsta '' or `` B. Gizzle '' ) , is an American rapper and hip hop recording artist from New Orleans , Louisiana . He began his music career signing to Cash Money Records in 1992 , with Lil Wayne ( then known as Baby D. ) as half of the duo The B.G. ' z . Both , along with rappers Juvenile & Turk , collectively formed the group , the Hot Boys in 1997 . In 2001 , B.G. resigned from Cash Money Records , & created his own label , Chopper City Records ." }, { "docid": "Boy_Meets_World_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Boy Meets World is the debut solo album by American rapper Fashawn , with all songs produced by Exile . It was released by the independent record label One Records on October 20 , 2009 . The album features guest performances by Aloe Blacc , Evidence , Blu , Planet Asia , Mistah Fab , Co $ $ , Devoya and J. Mitchell . Music videos were made for `` Life as a Shorty '' , `` Samsonite Man '' , `` Our Way '' , `` Sunny CA '' and `` The Ecology/The Score '' . Boy Meets World received critical acclaim from critics who praised the production and Fashawn 's storytelling . The album subsequently received attention and recognition from highly respected hip-hop artists . Boy Meets World is now frequently regarded as an underground classic , and garnered much interest in producer Exile , who had previously produced rapper Blu 's album Below the Heavens , which also was released to similar acclaim ." }, { "docid": "California_Boy", "title": "", "text": "`` California Boy '' is a song by American rapper Lil B . It was released for digital download on September 16 , 2012 , through Lil B 's own record label , BasedWorld Records . `` California Boy '' marks as Lil B 's debut rock music release and will be the title track of an upcoming rock music album . The accompanying music video for the song was also released on September 17 , 2012 ." }, { "docid": "Red_Café", "title": "", "text": "Jermaine Denny ( born September 19 , 1976 ) , better known by his stage name Red Café , is an American rapper . He is signed to Fabolous ' Street Family Records , Diddy 's Bad Boy Records and is managed by Diddy 's Ciroc Entertainment . He has also ghostwritten for many popular rappers over the years ." }, { "docid": "Danny_Boy:_The_Life_&_Times_of_a_Kid_in_the_D", "title": "", "text": "Danny Boy : The Life & Times Of A Kid In The D is the fifth studio album by American rapper Hush . It was released on October 14 , 2014 also as a digital album via Danny Boy Records . To promote his comeback record , Hush dropped music videos `` So Fly '' ( in 2013 ) and `` Sprinklers '' ( in 2014 ) both directed by Gerard Victor . Due to this record , Hush was nominated for Detroit Music award in 2014 as Outstanding Hip-Hop Artist/Group , but lost to Critical Bill ." }, { "docid": "Hustlenomics", "title": "", "text": "Hustlenomics is the second studio album by American rapper Yung Joc . It was released , by Bad Boy Records on August 28 , 2007 . The album contains the singles , Coffee Shop and `` Bottle Poppin '' , both featuring rapper , Gorilla Zoe ." }, { "docid": "D-Boy", "title": "", "text": "D-Boy may refer to : Danny Rodriguez ( 1967 -- 1990 ) , alias D-Boy Rodriguez , Christian rap artist D Boy , `` Dope boy '' , slang term for drug dealer D-Bōi , fictional character from -LSB- * Delta Boy , Delta Force operator ; `` D-Boys shoot in head twice , 2nd is shot in neck . '' Drumma Boy , an American rapper and record producer D-Boys , a young male actors group based in Tokyo , Japan , under the management of Watanabe Entertainment" }, { "docid": "B.A.S.K.O.", "title": "", "text": "B.A.S.K.O. ( born Robert Miller ) is an American rapper , entrepreneur , and fashion mogul from Rochester , New York with roots in South Carolina . He is widely known for his musical contributions to film and television including songs featured in Transformers ( Ai n't No Game ) , I Think I Love My Wife ( Ai n't No Game ) , The Love Guru ( Big Boi ) , CSI , OC , Making The Band , From G 's To Gents , Pimp My Ride , The Hills , and Melrose Place . The acronym B.A.S.K.O. stands for Black American Still Kicking On . His first album Mirror was released in 1996 on Ridin ' Hi Records . In 2004 , B.A.S.K.O. founded So Fly Records and became the label 's Chief Executive . He is currently recording his debut album on So Fly Records ." }, { "docid": "Drumma_Boy", "title": "", "text": "Christopher James Gholson , ( born August 11 , 1983 ) better known by his stage name Drumma Boy , is an American rapper , songwriter , record producer , composer , entrepreneur , and philanthropist ." }, { "docid": "Boston's_Boy", "title": "", "text": "Boston 's Boy is the debut EP by American rapper Sammy Adams . The EP was released on March 4 , 2010 through 1st Round Records . On July 13 , 2010 , Adams released four new tracks to make what he called a `` deluxe '' version of Boston 's Boy . These tracks include `` Still I Rise '' , `` See Me Now '' , `` Fly Jets Over Boston '' , and `` Just Sayin ' '' . `` Still I Rise '' features G. Curtis , who recently signed onto Adams ' label . `` Fly Jets Over Boston '' features rapper Curren $ y , whom Adams had been working with for a while ." }, { "docid": "American_Boy", "title": "", "text": "`` American Boy '' is a song recorded by British rapper and singer Estelle for her second studio album Shine ( 2008 ) . It features vocals from American rapper Kanye West . The song was written by Estelle , West , will.i.am , John Legend , Josh Lopez , Caleb Speir , and Keith Harris . It was produced by will.i.am , who also produced the album 's previous single , `` Wait a Minute ( Just a Touch ) '' , and uses the beat from the song `` Impatient '' from his own third studio album Songs About Girls ( 2007 ) . `` American Boy '' is a breezy disco-funk song that lyrically describes a romance with an American suitor . The song 's conception came after Legend , Estelle 's mentor , suggested she write a song about meeting an American man . `` American Boy '' was released by Atlantic Records as the album 's second single on 31 March 2008 . The song received positive reviews from music critics , who praised its fresh sound and production . The song reached the top five in many European and Oceanic markets , including Belgium and Estelle 's native United Kingdom where it reached the chart 's summit . It also achieved success in the United States , peaking at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming Estelle 's breakout song in the country . The song earned many nominations , and ultimately won a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration . The music video , featuring a variety of celebrity guests , earned a Video Music Award nomination for Best UK Video . As a result of the song 's popularity , Estelle performed it at several award shows and venues ." } ]
4627	John McCain was a presidential nominee in 2008.	[ { "docid": "John_McCain", "title": "", "text": "John Sidney McCain III ( born August 29 , 1936 ) is an American politician who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Arizona . He was the Republican nominee for the 2008 U.S. presidential election . McCain followed his father and grandfather , both four-star admirals , into the United States Navy , graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958 . He became a naval aviator , flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers . During the Vietnam War , he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire . In October 1967 , while on a bombing mission over Hanoi , he was shot down , seriously injured , and captured by the North Vietnamese . He was a prisoner of war until 1973 . McCain experienced episodes of torture , and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer . His war wounds have left him with lifelong physical limitations . He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona , where he entered politics . Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982 , McCain served two terms . He was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986 , winning re-election easily five times , most recently in 2016 . While generally adhering to conservative principles , McCain at times has had a media reputation as a `` maverick '' for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues . After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five , he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns , eventually gaining passage of the McCain -- Feingold Act in 2002 . He is also known for his work in the 1990s to restore diplomatic relations with Vietnam , and for his belief that the Iraq War should have been fought to a successful conclusion . McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee , opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel , and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations with the bi-partisan group known as the Gang of 14 . McCain ran for the Republican nomination in 2000 but lost a heated primary season contest to George W. Bush of Texas . He secured the nomination in 2008 after coming back from early reversals , but was defeated by Democratic candidate Barack Obama in the general election , losing by a 365 -- 173 electoral college margin and by 53 -- 46 % in the popular vote . He subsequently adopted more orthodox conservative stances and attitudes and largely opposed actions of the Obama administration , especially in regard to foreign policy matters . By 2013 , however , he had become a key figure in the Senate for negotiating deals on certain issues in an otherwise partisan environment . In 2015 , McCain became chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee ." }, { "docid": "John_McCain_presidential_campaign,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 presidential campaign of John McCain , the longtime senior U.S. Senator from Arizona , was launched with an informal announcement on February 28 , 2007 during a live taping of the Late Show with David Letterman , and formally launched at an event on April 25 , 2007 . His second candidacy for the Presidency of the United States , he had previously ran for his party 's nomination in the 2000 primaries and was considered as a potential running mate for his party 's nominee , then-Governor George W. Bush of Texas . After winning a majority of delegates in the Republican primaries of 2008 , on August 29 , leading up to the convention , McCain selected Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska as his running mate for Vice President . Five days later , at the 2008 Republican National Convention , McCain was formally selected as the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 2008 presidential election . McCain began the campaign as the apparent frontrunner among Republicans , with a strategy of appearing as the establishment , inevitable candidate ; his campaign website featured an Associated Press article describing him as '' -LSB- a -RSB- political celebrity '' . He made substantial overtures towards elements of the Republican base that had resisted his 2000 insurgency campaign . However , he soon fell behind in polls and fundraising ; by July 2007 his campaign was forced to restructure its size and operations . The tide of Republican sentiment against immigration reform legislation he sponsored also led to the erosion of his lead . Towards the end of 2007 , McCain began a resurgence , which was capped by his January 2008 wins in the New Hampshire , South Carolina , and Florida primaries . This made him the front-runner for the Republican nomination . On Super Tuesday , McCain won both the majority of states and delegates in the Republican primaries , giving him a commanding lead toward the Republican nomination . McCain clinched a majority of the delegates and became the presumptive Republican nominee with wins in several more primaries on March 4 . The following day , President George W. Bush endorsed McCain at the White House . In the general election , facing Democratic nominee , Senator Barack Obama of Illinois , McCain was trailing during most of the season , only gaining a lead in national polls for a period after the Palin announcement and the 2008 Republican National Convention . The dominant issue of the campaign became the financial crisis of 2008 . Unable to gain traction against Obama in presidential debates , the final stages of the campaign saw McCain criticizing Obama for being a `` redistributionist '' and adopting symbols such as Joe the Plumber . On November 4 , 2008 , McCain lost to Barack Obama in the general election , receiving 173 votes of the electoral college to Obama 's 365 and gaining 46 percent of the popular vote to Obama 's 53 percent . Had McCain been elected , he would have been the oldest President to take office at age 72 , succeeding Ronald Reagan , who did so at age 69 , and the first not born in the 50 states , as he was born in the Panama Canal Zone ( a U.S. Territory at the time of McCain 's birth ) . McCain would 've also been the first president from the state of Arizona , whereas Palin would have been the first female vice president , as well as the first vice president from Alaska and outside the mainland United States ." } ]	[ { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 4 , 2008 , as part of the 2008 United States presidential election held throughout all 50 states and the District of Columbia . Voters chose 3 electors , or representatives to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Alaska was won by Republican nominee John McCain with a 21.5 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . Democratic nominee Barack Obama did , however , perform better in 2008 than Democratic nominee John Kerry did in 2004 . The presence of popular Governor Sarah Palin on the ticket as the Republican Party 's vice presidential nominee appeared to help . The McCain-Palin ticket received just a slightly smaller percentage of Alaskan votes than did Bush-Cheney in 2004 despite the nation 's swinging Democrat by nearly 5 % ( 48.3 % to 52.9 % ) . Polls from April until August indeed showed John McCain with a slim lead , with one poll taken in early August showing Obama five points ahead . However , from when Sarah Palin was announced as McCain 's running mate on August 29 , polls showed John McCain consistently ahead . RealClearPolitics gave the state an average of 55.8 % for McCain , compared to 41.3 % for Obama ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 5 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . West Virginia was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 13.1 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . Despite its past voting record of heavily favoring Democratic presidential nominees , the state has lately been trending more Republican in presidential elections . As expected , McCain defeated Obama in the Mountain State , even improving upon George W. Bush 's performance in 2004 . West Virginia was one of five states in which McCain did better than Bush . Obama was also the first Democratic presidential nominee since Woodrow Wilson in 1916 to win the nationwide presidential election without carrying West Virginia ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 3 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . North Dakota was won by Republican nominee John McCain by an 8.7 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , most news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a red state . The state has not been won by a Democratic presidential nominee since Lyndon B. Johnson 's landslide election in 1964 . Polls showed Republican John McCain and Democrat Barack Obama running unusually close in a state that gave George W. Bush a 27.4 % margin of victory over John Kerry in 2004 . In the end , McCain kept North Dakota in the GOP column but by a much smaller margin than Bush 's landslide in 2004 ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 15 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Georgia was won by Republican nominee John McCain with a 5.2 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , 15 of 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a red state . It is situated in the Deep South , entrenched in the Bible Belt , and is normally a much more reliable Republican stronghold . The Peach State has not voted for a Democratic presidential nominee since Bill Clinton won the state in 1992 . Continuing on that trend , Republican John McCain was able to keep Georgia in the GOP column in 2008 despite the large African American turnout that kept the margin of victory within single digits . With its 15 electoral votes , Georgia was the second-largest prize for McCain in 2008 ( only behind Texas ) ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 7 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Oklahoma was won by Republican nominee John McCain with a 31.3 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . A strongly conservative state located in the Bible Belt where evangelical Christianity plays a large role , Oklahoma has swung and trended more to the Republicans in recent years than any other state . Having voted for the Republican presidential nominee in every election since 1968 , Oklahoma once again showcased its status as a Republican stronghold in 2008 with Republican John McCain capturing 65.65 % of the vote ." }, { "docid": "List_of_John_McCain_presidential_campaign_endorsements,_2008", "title": "", "text": "John McCain , the nominee of the Republican party in the 2008 United States presidential election , has gained the endorsements of many high-profile figures . Both McCain and his Democratic opponent , Barack Obama , have stated that a person or entity 's endorsement of their candidacy does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the candidate of all of the views of the endorser ." }, { "docid": "Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 2008 U.S. presidential election . Senator John McCain of Arizona was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 2008 Republican National Convention held from Monday , September 1 , through Thursday , September 4 , 2008 , in St. Paul , Minnesota . In a crowded primary of several prominent Republicans eying the nomination , moderate former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani was the early front runner . However , former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee won the Iowa Caucuses as he gained momentum just two months prior to the primary . Moderate U.S. Senator and former presidential candidate John McCain won the New Hampshire primary , eventually leading to Giuliani 's fall , as the former mayor did not win a single primary . McCain ultimately won the nomination after winning most of the primaries against Mike Huckabee and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney on Super Tuesday ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 10 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Arizona was won by Republican nominee John McCain with an 8.5 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , 16 of 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a red state . It was the home state of John McCain and has only been carried by a Democrat once since 1948 . However , polls taken near Election Day in 2008 showed Democrat Barack Obama closer than expected to winning the state . McCain carried all but four of the state 's 15 counties ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 34 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Texas was won by Republican nominee John McCain by an 11.8 % margin of victory despite `` failing to deliver written certification of their nominations '' on time to appear on the ballot . Barack Obama , the Democratic Party nominee and eventual President of the United States , made a similar error . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . This is because although the state is very diverse and has a huge Latino population , Latinos in Texas - despite being fairly Democratic - make up only 20 % of the electorate . Polling throughout the state showed Republican John McCain consistently and substantially leading Democrat Barack Obama . On Election Day , McCain won the state , although his margin was less than native son George W. Bush in 2000 and 2004 . This was the first election since 1996 in which the margin of victory was less than 1 million votes . Obama also received the most votes for a Democrat in Texas . With its 34 electoral votes , Texas was the largest prize for McCain in 2008 ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 9 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Alabama was won by Republican nominee John McCain with a 21.6 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered it a safe red state . Located in the Deep South , Alabama is one of the most conservative states in the country . Republicans have won every presidential election in Alabama since 1980 , and the 2008 election was no exception . John McCain carried 54 of the state 's 67 counties and easily prevailed in the Yellowhammer State ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_debates,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The United States presidential election , 2008 was sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates ( CPD ) , a bipartisan organization that sponsored four debates that occurred at various locations around the United States ( U.S. ) in September and October 2008 . Three of the debates involved the presidential nominees , and one involved the vice-presidential nominees . Republican Party nominee John McCain and Democratic Party nominee Barack Obama did not agree to additional debates ; however , each was interviewed at the Civil Forum on the Presidency , held on August 16 , 2008 , and at the Service Nation Presidential Forum on September 11 , 2008 . Their respective running mates , Sarah Palin and Joe Biden , did not participate in any additional debates ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 3 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Wyoming was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 32.2 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . Polling in the state gave a hefty and large lead to Republican John McCain over Democrat Barack Obama . Because of Wyoming 's status as a safe red state , none of the major party candidates campaigned in the state . Despite McCain 's landslide victory , Obama did do significantly better than John Kerry in 2004 and even won one more county than Kerry ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 8 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Kentucky was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 16.2 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered it as a safe red state . In the primaries Hillary Clinton was slightly defeating McCain in the Bluegrass State . Once Obama secured the Democratic nomination , Kentucky was moved into the safe GOP category . In the end , Kentucky voted for McCain with over 57 % of the vote . This was the first time since 1960 when Kentucky did not vote for the winning candidate in a presidential election ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 11 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Tennessee was won by Republican nominee John McCain by 15.06 percentage points . Prior to the election , 17 news organizations considered Tennessee a win for McCain . Early polling in Tennessee gave a solid edge to McCain over Democrat Barack Obama by up to a 20-point margin . The expected `` landslide '' by McCain in Tennessee meant there was little campaigning there . Most news organizations immediately called Tennessee for McCain as soon as all the polls in the state closed . McCain even improved upon George W. Bush 's performance in 2004 , a much better year nationally for the Republicans . This was the first time since 1960 when Tennessee did not back the overall winning candidate in a presidential election ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place , as in all 50 states and D.C. , as part of the 2008 United States presidential election of November 4 , 2008 . Voters chose 12 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who , in turn , voted for the office of President and Vice President . Democratic Party nominee Barack Obama won the state by a 25.8 % margin of victory : slightly better than John Kerry 's 25.2 % margin in 2004 . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations forecast that Obama would win Massachusetts , or otherwise considered it to be a safe blue state . No Republican presidential nominee has won a single county in the state , nor obtained more than 40 % of the vote , since 1988 . In 2008 , Democrat Barack Obama captured the state 's 12 electoral votes winning 61.80 % of the popular vote to Republican John McCain 's 35.99 % . Massachusetts was also one of only 6 states in which neither Obama nor McCain won during the primary season ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 8 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . South Carolina was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 9.0 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . Despite the significant proportion of African Americans in the state , South Carolina still remains , like most other states throughout the South , a GOP stronghold at the state and federal levels . Republican John McCain kept South Carolina in the GOP column in 2008 , clinching 53.87 % of the vote . This is the first time a presidential candidate received more than one million votes in the state ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 3 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Montana was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 2.38 % margin of victory . Before the election , Montana was initially viewed as safe Republican , but was viewed as lean Republican or toss-up in the final weeks . Historically the state is a Republican stronghold , but polls during the 2008 election showed Democrat Barack Obama just narrowly trailing Republican John McCain . On election day , McCain narrowly carried Montana . Like 2004 , this state had a strong showing among third party and independent candidates , as Ron Paul received over 2 % of the vote , possibly taking away conservative votes from McCain . It was the fourth closest state in the nation , behind Missouri , North Carolina and Indiana ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 3 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . South Dakota was won by Republican nominee John McCain by an 8.4 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a red state . Like the other states located in the Great Plains region , South Dakota is a predominantly rural and sparsely populated state with conservative voting tendencies which favors the Republicans , who dominate elections at the state and federal level in the state . South Dakota stayed in the GOP column in 2008 as Republican John McCain carried the state with 53.16 % ." }, { "docid": "Democratic_and_liberal_support_for_John_McCain_in_2008", "title": "", "text": "Senator John McCain , the Republican Party nominee , was endorsed or supported by some members of the Democratic Party and by some political figures holding liberal views in the 2008 United States Presidential Election . McCain Democrat and McCainocrat are terms applied to Democrats who supported McCain . Democratic and liberal supporters of McCain included some elected officials , retired elected officials , journalists , and some supporters of Hillary Clinton 's unsuccessful primary campaign . According to exit polls on Election Day , 10 % of those who identified themselves as Democrats voted for John McCain , approximately the same percentage of Democratic votes that George W. Bush won in 2004 ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 4 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Idaho was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 25.3 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . Polling in the state gave a very comfortable lead to Republican John McCain over Democrat Barack Obama , sometimes by a margin of at least 30 percent , the most being 43 percent . Idaho was largely considered a safely Republican state , as it has not gone Democratic since Lyndon B. Johnson 's landslide victory in 1964 ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election,_2008_timeline", "title": "", "text": "The following is a timeline of major events leading up to and immediately following the United States presidential election of 2008 . The election was the 56th quadrennial United States presidential election . It was held on November 4 , 2008 , but its significant events and background date back to about 2002 . The Democratic Party nominee , Senator Barack Obama of Illinois , defeated the Republican Party 's nominee , Senator John McCain of Arizona ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 5 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Utah was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 28.0 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . Highlighting its status as a GOP bastion , the Beehive State gave McCain one of his largest victories over Democrat Barack Obama , a near two-to-one margin . Obama did , however , manage to carry three counties , and he greatly improved on John Kerry 's performance here in 2004 . However , in the next election Obama performed much worse among voters ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 6 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Kansas was won by Republican nominee John McCain by a 14.9 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . He won all but three counties and one congressional district in the state ." }, { "docid": "Political_positions_of_John_McCain", "title": "", "text": "U.S. Senator John McCain ( R-AZ ) , a member of the U.S. Congress since 1983 , a two-time U.S. presidential candidate , and the nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election , has taken positions on many political issues through his public comments , his presidential campaign statements , and his senatorial voting record . Online , McCain uses his Senate web site and his 2008 campaign web site to describe his political positions . Regarding the general notion of consistency of political positions over time , McCain said in June 2008 : `` My principles and my practice and my voting record are very clear . Not only from 2000 but 1998 and 1992 and 1986 . And you know , it 's kind of a favorite tactical ploy now that opponents use , of saying the person has changed . Look , none of my principles or values have changed . Have I changed position on some specific issues because of changed circumstances ? I would hope so ! I would hope so ! '' It is often reported that McCain has grown more conservative throughout his tenure in the Senate , according to various studies ." }, { "docid": "Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection,_2008", "title": "", "text": "This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 2008 election . On March 4 , 2008 , Senator John McCain of Arizona won a majority of pledged delegates for the Republican nomination for President of the United States , and became the presumptive nominee . McCain held an event with Alaska governor Sarah Palin , revealing her as his vice-presidential running mate on August 29 , 2008 ( the date coinciding both with McCain 's 72nd birthday and the Palins ' 20th wedding anniversary ) , at the Ervin J. Nutter Center in Dayton , Ohio , the day after Barack Obama 's acceptance speech ." }, { "docid": "Republican_Party_presidential_candidates,_2008", "title": "", "text": "This article contains lists of official candidates associated with the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries for the 2008 United States presidential election . In accordance with the 22nd Amendment , incumbent President George W. Bush was prohibited from running for president in 2008 , having served two full terms in the office . Vice President Dick Cheney chose not to run for president . On March 4 , 2008 , John McCain became the Republican presumptive presidential nominee when he obtained the 1,191 delegates necessary to receive the party 's nomination . Mike Huckabee announced his withdrawal from the race later in the evening . McCain 's last remaining competitor in the race , Ron Paul , withdrew on June 12 , 2008 ." }, { "docid": "Wayne_Berman", "title": "", "text": "Wayne Lee Berman is an American businessman and former lobbyist . He currently works for the Blackstone Group . He was formerly the chairman of Ogilvy Government Relations , a division of Ogilvy & Mather . Berman is considered a key figure in Republican political advocacy who served as a senior advisor on the 2000 and 2004 Bush-Cheney campaigns , Finance Chairman of the 2008 John McCain presidential campaign , and Chairman of Marco Rubio 's 2016 presidential campaign . Berman , a native of Rochester , New York , is married to Lea Berman , who served as the Social Secretary and Special Assistant to the President under George W. Bush and prior to that , served as chief-of-staff for Dick Cheney 's wife , Lynne Cheney . Berman was a close friend of Senator John McCain and a supporter of his during his 2008 presidential campaign . In October 2008 , Berman made an anonymous comment to the press calling Sarah Palin , McCain 's vice presidential nominee , a `` diva '' . The quote received considerable media attention and infuriated Palin and others within the campaign ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Nevada was part of the 2008 United States presidential election , which took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. . Voters chose 5 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Nevada was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama with a 12.5 % margin of victory . Both campaigns heavily campaigned here in 2008 , as although Obama held a lead in the polls , it was not unreasonable to think that John McCain , a nationally prominent Senator from neighboring Arizona had a legitimate chance of having Nevada swing to his corner . Most news organization considered the state as Obama would win , or a blue state , but some still considered it as a swing state during the last week of the election . In the past four presidential elections , the margin of victory has always been below 5 percentage points . George W. Bush carried Nevada twice in 2000 and 2004 while Bill Clinton won the Silver State both times as well in 1992 and 1996 . With the anti-Republican sentiment growing nationwide and the fact that personally , McCain barely campaigned in Nevada , Nevada swung wildly into the Democratic column in 2008 as Barack Obama carried the state by 12.50 points over John McCain , receiving 55.15 % of the total statewide vote to McCain 's 42.65 % . It was the first time since 1988 that the margin of victory was in double digits ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana,_2008", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 United States presidential election in Louisiana which took place on November 4 , 2008 was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose nine representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Louisiana was won by Republican nominee John McCain by an 18.6 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state McCain would win , or otherwise considered as a safe `` red state '' . Although Bill Clinton carried the state twice , it had been trending Republican in recent years , despite having the second-highest percentage of African Americans in the country in 2000 . Louisiana is rapidly turning into a more reliable red state as solidified by the comfortable margin enjoyed by McCain in 2008 . This would also be the first time since 1968 that Louisiana failed to back the winning candidate since being among the most recent states to vote third party that same year as well ." }, { "docid": "McCain_Institute", "title": "", "text": "The McCain Institute for International Leadership is a Washington , D.C.-based think tank in cooperation with Arizona State University whose mission is to `` advance leadership based on security , economic opportunity , freedom , and human dignity , in the United States and around the world . '' The institute was formed in 2012 and is named after U.S. Senator and 2008 Republican Party presidential nominee John McCain from Arizona . Based in Washington , D.C. , the McCain Institute is part of Arizona State University . The current executive director of the McCain Institute is Kurt Volker ." } ]
98595	Gia is a work.	[ { "docid": "Gia", "title": "", "text": "Gia is a 1998 biographical HBO film about the life and times of one of America 's first supermodels , Gia Marie Carangi . The film stars Angelina Jolie as Gia and Faye Dunaway as Wilhelmina Cooper , with Mercedes Ruehl and Elizabeth Mitchell . It was directed by Michael Cristofer and written by Cristofer and Jay McInerney . The original music score was composed by Terence Blanchard ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Gia_Farrell", "title": "", "text": "Gia Farrell is an American singer-songwriter and make up artist born as Jeannie Bocchicchio on February 9 , 1989 . She is known as Gia Farrell . Her 2006 single `` Hit Me Up '' was featured on the Happy Feet soundtrack in 2006 and climbed the charts internationally . In 2015 , she released a single under the artist name `` Bokeeks '' titled `` Smile '' . She 's currently working on her first commercial album after leaving Atlantic Records in 2008 ." }, { "docid": "Gia_Kavtaradze", "title": "", "text": "Gia Kavtaradze ( born 1970 in T'bilisi , Georgia ) is the member of the Cabinet of Georgia and the Minister of Justice in the nation of Georgia . A lawyer by training , he has practiced law in Georgia , and worked in a series of NGO and Government jobs . He fluently speaks Russian , English and Georgian ." }, { "docid": "Ante_Gia", "title": "", "text": "`` Ante Gia '' ( Greek : Άντε Γειά ; English : Goodbye ) is an EP maxi single by Greek singer Despina Vandi released on December 19 , 2002 by Heaven Music . The entire EP was written and produced by Phoebus in promotion of the reissue of Vandi 's 5 × Platinum album Gia , which was reissued as Gia + Ante Gia and as a box set as Gia + Ante Gia : Collector 's Edition . The EP contains all new material , with the title track being a response to the single `` Gia '' ( Hello ) , inspired by that song but in a negative lyrical context . The remix of the songs `` Spania '' and `` Giatriko '' is licensed by Vandi 's former label Minos EMI ." }, { "docid": "Eugene_Migliaro_Corporon", "title": "", "text": "Eugene Migliaro Corporon is an American conductor , known for his work with wind ensembles and is a scholar of wind/band music repertoire . He is co-editor of two literature catalogues , Wind Ensemble/Band Repertoire ( 1984 ) and Wind Ensemble Literature ( 1975 ) , as well as all ten volumes of the Teaching Music Through Performance in Band Series ( GIA Publications ) . He also is co-host on the Inner Game of Music videotape . Mr. Corporon and his various groups have recorded over 1,000 works on the Toshiba/EMI , Klavier , Mark , Donemus , Soundmark , GIA , CAFUA , and Centaur labels ." }, { "docid": "Vietnamese_family_life", "title": "", "text": "By tradition , the head of the Vietnamese family ( Vietnamese : gia đình or nhà ) is the husband , named gia trưởng . Many families which have the same origin compose a `` line of the blood '' , called đại gia đình or gia tộc or họ . The head of a đại gia đình is the man who is at the highest status in the đại gia đình , named tộc trưởng . According to the Vietnamese creation myth , all Vietnamese people descend from two progenitors Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ ." }, { "docid": "Gia_Ventola", "title": "", "text": "Gia Ventola is a fashion designer who currently lives in Ipswich , Massachusetts . Gia owns and runs Gia Ventola Couture , a fashion boutique in Peabody , Massachusetts ." }, { "docid": "Hoang_Anh_Gia_Lai", "title": "", "text": "Hoang Anh Gia Lai is the name of : Hoang Anh Gia Lai Group , Vietnamese company Hoang Anh Gia Lai F.C. , football club in Vietnam" }, { "docid": "Gia_Lâm_District", "title": "", "text": "Gia Lâm is a district ( huyện ) of Hanoi , the capital city of Vietnam . Prior to 2003 , the district covered the entire area of Long Biên district , which included Long Biên Bridge , Gia Lam Airport , Gia Lâm Railway Station , Gia Lâm Bus Station and the headquarters of Vietnam Airlines . As of 2011 , the district had a population of 243,957 . The district covers an area of 115 km2 . The district capital lies at Trâu Quỳ township ." }, { "docid": "Thống_Nhất_District", "title": "", "text": "Thống Nhất is a rural district of Đồng Nai Province in the Southeast region of Vietnam . As of 2003 , the district had a population of 146,112 . The district covers an area of 247 km ² . The district capital lies at Gia Kiệm . Thị trấn : Dầu Giây Xã : Bàu Hàm 2 Gia Kiệm Gia Tân 1 Gia Tân 2 Gia Tân 3 Hưng Lộc Lộ 25 Quang Trung Xuân Thiện Xuân Thạnh" }, { "docid": "Gia_Nghĩa_Camp", "title": "", "text": "Gia Nghĩa Camp ( also known as Gia Nghĩa Special Forces Camp ) is a former U.S. Army and Army of the Republic of Vietnam ( ARVN ) base east of Gia Nghĩa in the Central Highlands of Vietnam ." }, { "docid": "GIA_Publications", "title": "", "text": "GIA Publications , Inc. is a major publisher of hymnals , other sacred music , and music education materials . Headquartered first in Pittsburgh and now Chicago , GIA is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church . GIA originally stood for Gregorian Institute of America , founded in 1941 by Clifford Bennett with a focus on Gregorian chant . The company has been owned since 1967 by the Harris family , who led GIA to become one of the leading publishers of Contemporary Catholic liturgical music in response to the modernizing reforms of the Second Vatican Council ." }, { "docid": "Gia_Ciambotti", "title": "", "text": "Gia Ciambotti ( born September 13 , 1962 in Hollywood , California ) is an American singer . She first came to prominence in the late 1980s as a member of the band The Graces , with Charlotte Caffey and Meredith Brooks . The group released the album Perfect View in 1989 and had a Billboard Hot 100 hit with the single `` Lay Down Your Arms '' . The group disbanded in the early 1990s . In 1992 , Gia Ciambotti joined Bruce Springsteen as a backing vocalist for his Bruce Springsteen and the `` Other Band '' Tour . Since then she has worked as a session singer for artists such as Lucinda Williams , Natalie Cole , Chicago and others . She also performed with a group called The Scarletts ( who were originally called BooBoo Fine Jelly ) . In 2004 , she released her first album in collaboration with Ned Albright . Titled Snowflake , it is a collection of traditional and original lullabies for children . 2007 saw the release of her first proper solo album , Right As Rain . She is the daughter of bassist John Ciambotti ." }, { "docid": "Bù_Gia_Mập_National_Park", "title": "", "text": "Bù Gia Mập National Park ( Vietnamese language : Vườn quốc gia Bù Gia Mập ) is a national park in the province of Bình Phước , Vietnam . The Bù Gia Mập National Park covers an area of 26,032 ha . The park has a 15,200 ha buffer zone area . Until 2002 , the area was officially a conservation area , before the incumbent Prime Minister declared it a national park on November 27 . Much of the Bù Gia Mập National Park lies in the southern reaches of the Central Highlands . The highest point in the area is 700 meters above sea level . The national park is fed by numerous river systems , including the Dak Huyet and Dak Sam rivers . The headwaters of the hydropower projects of the Thac Mo and Can Don also lie within the park ." }, { "docid": "GIA", "title": "", "text": "GIA or Gia may refer to :" }, { "docid": "Lưu_Quang_Minh", "title": "", "text": "Lưu Quang Minh ( born 18 May 1988 ) is a writer and singer from Vietnam . He became famous when his very first book ` Gia tai tuoi 20 ' was published in Vietnam and became popular . He also composed and sang his debut song ` Gia tai tuoi 20 ' based on the stories from his book . Since then , he has begun working as a writer and singer . His music always based on his stories , he called that : ` The Interference Of Music And Literature ' ." }, { "docid": "Gia_Getsadze", "title": "", "text": "Gia Getsadze was born 21 December 1968 in Samtredia , Georgia ) is the Deputy Minister of Justice of Ukraine . Gia Getsadze is one of the founders of the Young Lawyers ' Association of Georgia . From 1995 to 2000 he worked in various state institutions and participated in drafting of the Law `` On the Constitutional Court of Georgia '' . After the Rose Revolution in 2003 he was appointed as the First Deputy Minister of Justice of Georgia . During 2003 -- 2005 he held various political positions in the government . During 2004 -- 2005 he was a governor of Imereti . In 2005 he left the civil service and established the Law Office `` Getsadze & Pateishvili LP '' . In July 2014 he became a dean of the Law Department in the Ilia State University . Gia Getsadze is an independent member of the State Constitutional Commission of Georgia . On 4 February 2015 he was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Justice of Ukraine on combating corruption . He also coordinates and supervises the activities of the Department of cooperation with NGOs and international organizations , Personnel Commission of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and the Reforms ' Committee . One of the fundamental reforms implemented by The Ministry of Justice in 2015 was the reform in the sphere of state registration of business and real estate . Procedures and terms of state registration had been simplified . Due to this reform Ukraine moved ahead in the ranking of Doing Business . The Committee on consideration of complaints in state registration has been founded in order to prevent illegal takeovers . This new progressive institute is headed and coordinated by the Deputy Minister of Justice Pavlo Moroz ." }, { "docid": "Gia_Gugushvili", "title": "", "text": "Gia Gugushvili ( ; born August 16 , 1952 ) is a Georgian painter . Gia Gugushvili has produced nonfigurative as well as and minimalistic figurative compositions . His paintings are in museums and private collections all over the world . Gia Gugushvili was born in Tbilisi . Graduated from the Tbilisi State Academy of Arts in 1977 , where he currently holds the rector 's position ." }, { "docid": "Hoang_Anh_Gia_Lai_Group", "title": "", "text": "Hoang Anh Gia Lai Group ( also Hoang Anh Gia Lai Joint Stock Company , Công ty Cổ phần Hoàng Anh Gia Lai , abbreviated as HAGL or HAG ) is a diversified company headquartered in Pleiku , Vietnam . From a small furniture producer the company diversified into other industries such as rubber , finances a football club ( Hoang Anh Gia Lai Club ) and was Vietnam 's largest property developer in 2010 and the second largest in 2011 ( behind Vingroup ) . It has also grown significantly outside of Vietnam , with investments of around $ 1bn in Laos , hundreds of millions in Myanmar , $ 100m in Cambodia and tens of millions of dollars in Thailand ." }, { "docid": "WIN/GIA", "title": "", "text": "The Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association ( WIN/GIA ) is an international consortium of independent market research and polling firms . The group was created in May 2010 when the Gallup International Association ( GIA ) , created in 1947 , and the Worldwide Independent Network of market research ( WIN ) , created April 2007 , merged . WIN/GIA is headquartered in Zurich , Switzerland , with 72 members in 70 countries ." }, { "docid": "Gia_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Gia is the fifth studio album by Greek singer Despina Vandi that was originally released on December 19 , 2001 by Heaven Music . Since release , it has been re-released several times , and has become one of the best-selling album of all time . According to the DVD `` Guide of the Greek discography '' which is complied privately by Petros Dragoumanos , it is the best selling album for the last 20 years in Greece . In 2010 , Alpha TV 's `` Chart Show '' which uses statistics also compiled by Mr. Dragoumanos , ranked the album as the third most successful album in terms of sales in Greece during 1985-2009 and the most successful album from 2000-2009 . The album has sold more than 200,000 units ( 400,000 discs ) and stands at five times platinum in Greece . It also stands at four times platinum in Cyprus and gold status in Turkey . Additionally , the album was licensed to 35 territories . A re-release titled Gia & Ante Gia Collector 's Edition was later released on March 21 , 2002 and includes two discs featuring the songs from the original album plus the songs from her CD single `` Ante Gia '' . Gia was also later released in the United States by Escondida Music in 2004 as her first international release with a slightly altered track listing . The first single `` Gia '' reached number one on the US Billboard Club Dance Airplay . Gia was later released in Australia by Central Station and in Romania by Mach 1 in 2004 . Following the success of the album , Despina Vandi was awarded as Best Selling Greek Artist 2001 at the World Music Awards which held in Monaco on March 6 , 2002 ." }, { "docid": "Gia_Sena_Kai_Gia_Mena", "title": "", "text": "Gia sena kai gia mena ( For you and for me ) is a compilation album of songs written by Phoebus ( music & lyrics ) and Eleni Giannatsoulia ( some lyrics ) was released by Sony Music . It featured songs numerous Greek singers , such as Sofia Arvaniti , Katy Garbi , Thanos Kalliris , Dionysis Schinas , Pashalis Terzis , Polina , Natassa Pantelidi , Ntinos Vrettos , Petros Kolettis and Lorna ." }, { "docid": "Rach_Gia_Airport", "title": "", "text": "Rach Gia Airport ( Sân bay Rạch Giá ) is an airport located in Rach Gia , Vietnam ." }, { "docid": "Gallup_International_Association", "title": "", "text": "The Gallup International Association ( GIA ) is an association of polling organizations registered in Zurich , Switzerland . The Gallup International Association was founded in May 1947 . Dr. George H. Gallup served as its first President , until his death in 1984 . Gallup , Inc. and the Gallup International Association ( GIA ) are involved in a legal dispute over the use of the Gallup name . In 2010 , GIA merged with the market research company Worldwide Independent Network ( WIN ) to form WIN/GIA ." }, { "docid": "Gia_Định_Province", "title": "", "text": "Gia Định Province ( -LSB- 嘉定省 , -RSB- ) is former province of South Vietnam surrounding Saigon . It was one of the country 's main industrial centers . It was created in 1832 and split to four smaller provinces in December 1889 : Gia Định , Chợ Lớn , Tân An and Tây Ninh . In 1957 it contained 6 districts , Gò Vấp , Tân Bình , Hóc Môn , Thủ Đức , Nhà Bè and Bình Chánh . In 1970 Quảng Xuyên and Cần Giờ districts were added . In February 1976 , parts of Biên Hòa , Bình Dương and Hậu Nghĩa provinces were annexed to Gia Định and it was renamed to Sài Gòn-Gia Định . On 2 July 1976 it was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City . Former governors of the province include Nguyễn Văn Thành ." }, { "docid": "The_Self-Destruction_of_Gia", "title": "", "text": "AN AMERICAN GIRL : The Self-Destruction of Gia is a 2003 documentary film about model Gia Carangi and her untimely death . It was directed and produced by J.J. Martin and CINE L'MOD ." }, { "docid": "Gia_Lam_Train_Company", "title": "", "text": "Gia Lam Train Company is a Vietnamese railcar manufacturer . The company supplies cars to Vietnam Railways . Gia Lam is also the name of the main station in Hanoi , and also an airport ." }, { "docid": "Gia_(protein)", "title": "", "text": "Gia is G protein coupled receptor in aorta . G-protein-coupled-receptors ( GPCR ) have a characteristic arrangement of seven transmembrane portions that culminate in an extracellular N-terminus and intracellular C-terminus More than 200 different GPCRs can be found in Drosophila . GPCRs activation is facilitated by the g-proteins Gα , Gβ , and Gγ . Drosophila have a relatively small number of G-proteins , making them a useful model for the study of GPCR outcomes . Drosophila have a cardiac structure called the dorsal vessel that comprises a tubular structure with a cardioaortic valve and aortic-like outflow . Genes important for cardiac development in Drosophila include NK2 , MEF2 , GATA , Tbx , and Hand . Gia ( also known as Mthl5 ) encodes a G protein coupled receptor ( GPCR ) that is essential for cardiac development in Drosophila . Deletion of this gene interferes with cardioblast junction proteins , resulting in a broken hearted phenotype similar to other heterotrimeric cardiac G protein mutants . Gia is expressed at stage 13 within bilateral rows of cardioblasts , but during stages 13 -- 15 anterior cardioblasts demonstrate increasing expression while posterior cardioblast expression decreases . By stage 16 , Gia expression occurs only in aortic cardioblasts and is not present in the posterior segment cardioblasts . Gia expression only occurs in the aorta and is presently the only gene known in Drosophila with a strictly aortic expression . This gene is also known as Mthl5 ( methuselah-like G protein coupled receptor ) and is part of a gene family found in insects but not vertebrates . Overexpression of Gia in a transgenic fly model did not cause any cardiac defects ." }, { "docid": "Bình_Gia_District", "title": "", "text": "Bình Gia is a rural district of Lạng Sơn Province in the Northeast region of Vietnam . As of 2003 , the district had a population of 54,349 . The district covers an area of 1,091 km ² . The district capital lies at Bình Gia ." }, { "docid": "Nguyễn_Gia_Trí", "title": "", "text": "Nguyễn Gia Trí ( Chương Mỹ , Hà Tây 1909 - 1993 ) was a Vietnamese painter . He was best known for his mastery of lacquer painting . He also drew cartoons on political and social issues , many of them criticising French colonial rule . Tri studied at the Hanoi College of Fine Arts ( École des Beaux-Arts de l'Indochine ) from 1932 . He worked for the magazines Phong Hóa and Ngày Nay starting from 1932 together with Nhất Linh and other famous writers and painters . He created the cartoon characters Xã Xệ and Bang Bạnh for the magazines and made changes to the character Lý Toét developed by Nhất Linh ." }, { "docid": "Gia_Lộc_District", "title": "", "text": "Gia Lộc is a rural district of Hải Dương Province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam . As of 2003 the district had a population of 151,177 . The district covers an area of 122 km ² . The district capital lies at Gia Lộc ." } ]
51594	21 Jump Street was released by Columbia Pictures in 2002.	[ { "docid": "21_Jump_Street_(film)", "title": "", "text": "21 Jump Street is a 2012 American action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller , written by Michael Bacall starring Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum . An adaptation of the 1987-1991 television series of the same name by Stephen J. Cannell and Patrick Hasburgh , set within the same continuity as the TV series ; the film follows two police officers who are forced to relive high school when they are assigned to go undercover as high school students to prevent the outbreak of a new synthetic drug and arrest its supplier . It was released theatrically on March 16 , 2012 , by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and grossed $ 201 million . A sequel , titled 22 Jump Street , was released on June 13 , 2014 . Two further films , MIB 23 ( a crossover with the Men in Black franchise ) and a female-led spin-off , are currently in development ." } ]	[ { "docid": "22_Jump_Street_(Original_Motion_Picture_Score)", "title": "", "text": "22 Jump Street ( Original Motion Picture Score ) is the official score album for the 2014 Columbia Pictures film 22 Jump Street featuring music by composer Mark Mothersbaugh . The album was first released by La La Land Records on September 23 , 2014 as part of a limited edition 2-CD set which also featured score from 2012 film 21 Jump Street . The 22 Jump Street score album was later released digitally as a standalone album by Madison Gate Records ." }, { "docid": "22_Jump_Street", "title": "", "text": "22 Jump Street is a 2014 American action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller , written by Jonah Hill , Michael Bacall , Oren Uziel and Rodney Rothman and produced by and starring Hill and Channing Tatum . It is the sequel to the 2012 film 21 Jump Street , based on the television series of the same name . The film was released on June 13 , 2014 , by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . The film received positive reviews and earned over $ 331 million at the box office . A crossover with Men in Black , MIB 23 , is in development , with Lord and Miller acting as producers , and James Bobin acting as the director . The crossover will replace a 23 Jump Street film ." }, { "docid": "The_Disastrous_Life_of_Saiki_K.", "title": "", "text": "is a Japanese gag manga series written and illustrated by Shūichi Asō . The series began serialization in Shueisha 's Weekly Shōnen Jump from June 2012 . An anime television adaptation by J.C.Staff and EGG FIRM began airing on July 4 , 2016 . A live-action film directed by Yuichi Fukuda and starring Kento Yamazaki at Columbia Pictures ( Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan ) and Asmik Ace is set for an October 21 , 2017 release ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Eyeshield_21_chapters", "title": "", "text": "The Japanese manga series Eyeshield 21 was written by Riichiro Inagaki and illustrated by Yusuke Murata . The series follow Sena Kobayakawa , a student who coerced by Yoichi Hiruma , the school 's American football team captain , reluctantly becomes an American football player under the pseudonym of `` Eyeshield 21 '' . to The manga was first published in Shueisha 's magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump as a two-part one-shot on March 5 and 12 , 2002 . The regular serialization started with the publication of the first chapter in Weekly Shōnen Jump on July 23 , 2002 , where it was serialized weekly until its conclusion on June 15 , 2009 . The 333 chapters , referred to as `` downs '' , were collected and published into 37 tankōbon volumes by Shueisha starting on December 20 , 2002 ; the last volume was released on October 2 , 2009 . The manga was adapted into a 145-episode anime series co-produced by TV Tokyo , Nihon Ad Systems and Gallop that aired in Japan on TV Tokyo from April 6 , 2005 to March 19 , 2008 . Eyeshield 21 was licensed for an English-language release in North America by Viz Media . It released Eyeshield 21 under the Shonen Jump Advanced label , with the first volume being released on April 5 , 2005 , and the last one on October 4 , 2011 . The manga has also been licensed in several countries , among them in France by Glénat , in Hong Kong by Culturecom , in Indonesia by Elex Media Komputindo , in Italy by Panini Comics , in South Korea by Daewon Media , and in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing ." }, { "docid": "The_King_of_Queens", "title": "", "text": "The King of Queens is an American sitcom that originally ran on CBS from September 21 , 1998 , to May 14 , 2007 . The show was produced by Hanley Productions and CBS Productions ( 1998 -- 2006 ) , CBS Paramount Television ( 2006 -- 07 ) , in association with Columbia TriStar Television ( 1998 -- 2002 ) , and Sony Pictures Television ( 2002 -- 07 ) . It was filmed at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . The series finale aired on May 14 , 2007 ." }, { "docid": "Sony_Pictures_Animation", "title": "", "text": "Sony Pictures Animation is an American animation studio owned by Sony Pictures , founded in May 2002 . It works closely with Sony Pictures Imageworks , which handles digital production . All of its theatrical releases are distributed worldwide by Columbia Pictures , and direct-to-video releases are distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment . They are perhaps most known for the film franchises Open Season , Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs , The Smurfs and Hotel Transylvania , and the 2007 Oscar-nominated film Surf 's Up ." }, { "docid": "Noah's_Arc:_Jumping_the_Broom_(soundtrack)", "title": "", "text": "Noah 's Arc : Jumping the Broom is a music soundtrack to the motion picture of the same name starring Darryl Stephens and Jensen Atwood . It was released on October 21 , 2008 , by Tommy Boy Records . The soundtrack features artists such as Michelle Williams , Bob Sinclar , Roy Young , Phoebe Snow , Patrik-Ian Polk , Nikki Jane and Adriana Evans ." }, { "docid": "The_Disastrous_Life_of_Saiki_K._(film)", "title": "", "text": "is an upcoming sci-fi comedy film adaptation of the manga series by Shūichi Asō . A live-action film directed by Yuichi Fukuda and starring Kento Yamazaki at Columbia Pictures ( Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan ) and Asmik Ace is released on October 21 , 2017 release ." }, { "docid": "Jai_West", "title": "", "text": "Jai West is an actor , poet of French Canadian and Japanese descent born in Vancouver , British Columbia and currently based in Tokyo , Japan . He is best known for his work on screen as manic Japanese American gangster Lee in Sion Sono 's `` Hazard '' ( 2005 ) , a thief grappling with his sexual identity in Gen Sekiguchi 's `` Survive Style 5 + '' ( 2004 ) , and portraying Beethoven in the popular Tokyo Gas commercials . He has appeared in numerous films and television series , from `` 21 Jump Street '' ( 1990 ) to Takashi Shimizu 's `` The Great Horror Family '' ( 2004 ) and Takashi Miike 's `` Big Bang Love , Juvenile A '' ( 2006 ) . West has released two spoken word poetry albums in Japanese and English under the pseudonym Lotus Chamelion ." }, { "docid": "List_of_guest_stars_on_21_Jump_Street", "title": "", "text": "The following is a list of notable television and film personalities who made guest appearances on the Fox crime drama 21 Jump Street ." }, { "docid": "Seven_and_the_Sun", "title": "", "text": "Seven and the Sun was an American rock band best known for their 2002 single `` Walk with Me '' . Their song was used in the TV soap opera Passions and was also featured in the Columbia Pictures film , America 's Sweethearts starring Julia Roberts , Billy Crystal , John Cusack and Catherine Zeta-Jones . It received moderate air play on American radio , reaching number 38 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 , number 27 on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 and number 40 on the Billboard Top 40 Tracks chart . `` Walk with Me '' was their only hit . Their song `` Jump ( The Velvet Rope ) '' was featured in the 2001 Warner Bros. film , Summer Catch starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. and Jessica Biel . In September , 2003 , their song `` Back to the Innocence '' was chosen to be the theme song for The John Walsh Show on NBC . A second album was recorded but never released and the band has since broken up . In 2007 , band members Seven Williams ( born Keith Volpone ) & Wally Brandt reformed as Whiskey Falls with more of a country/rock flare ( a la The Eagles ) along with Buck Johnson and Damon Johnson ( no relation ) . The self-titled debut album was released on September 25 , 2007 , on the Midas Records Nashville label . It produced two Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts in `` Last Train Running '' ( # 32 ) and `` Falling Into You '' ( # 40 ) . A second album was never released . Seven Williams & Wally Brandt have since dedicated their time to their music production company , We3Kings Music writing and producing music for television and film . They have written the theme songs to NBC 's The John Walsh Show , Fox 's Tru Calling and The Simple Life and ABC 's The Two-Timer , NBC 's Minute to Win It , Tabatha 's Salon Makeover to Sarah Palin 's Alaska , Dance Moms and Ryan & Tatum : The O'Neals . They have also written cues and promos for several TV shows including NBC 's Las Vegas , Starting Over , Access Hollywood and Entertainment Tonight . Their major motion picture credits include America 's Sweethearts , Summer Catch and Columbia Pictures feature The Quest and most recently , 20th Century Fox Diary of a Wimpy Kid : Dog Days ." }, { "docid": "21_Jump_Street", "title": "", "text": "21 Jump Street is an American police procedural television series that aired on the Fox network and in first run syndication from April 12 , 1987 , to April 27 , 1991 , with a total of 103 episodes . The series focuses on a squad of youthful-looking undercover police officers investigating crimes in high schools , colleges , and other teenage venues . It was originally going to be titled Jump Street Chapel , after the deconsecrated church building in which the unit has its headquarters , but was changed at Fox 's request so as not to mislead viewers into thinking it was a religious program . Created by Patrick Hasburgh and Stephen J. Cannell , the series was produced by Patrick Hasburgh Productions and Stephen J. Cannell Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television . Executive Producers included Hasburgh , Cannell , Steve Beers and Bill Nuss . The show was an early hit for the fledgling Fox network , and was created to attract a younger audience . The final season aired in first-run syndication mainly on local Fox affiliates . It was later rerun on the FX cable network from 1996 to 1998 . The series provided a spark to Johnny Depp 's nascent acting career , garnering him national recognition as a teen idol . Depp found this status irritating , but he continued on the series under his contract and was paid $ 45,000 per episode . Eventually he was released from his contract after the fourth season . A spin-off series , Booker , was produced for the character of Dennis Booker ( Richard Grieco ) ; it ran one season , from September 1989 to June 1990 . A film adaptation directed by Phil Lord and Chris Miller was released on March 16 , 2012 . The film is set in the same chronology as the series , with Johnny Depp , Holly Robinson and Peter DeLuise reprising their characters in cameo appearances . Richard Grieco and Dustin Nguyen also have cameos in the 2014 film sequel 22 Jump Street ." }, { "docid": "Jonah_Hill", "title": "", "text": "Jonah Hill Feldstein ( born December 20 , 1983 ) , better known as Jonah Hill , is an American actor , producer , screenwriter and comedian . Hill is known for his comedic roles in films such as Accepted ( 2006 ) , Grandma 's Boy ( 2006 ) , Superbad ( 2007 ) , Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , Forgetting Sarah Marshall ( 2008 ) , Get Him to the Greek ( 2010 ) , 21 Jump Street ( 2012 ) , This Is the End ( 2013 ) , 22 Jump Street ( 2014 ) and War Dogs ( 2016 ) , as well as his performances in Moneyball ( 2011 ) and The Wolf of Wall Street ( 2013 ) , for which he received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . Hill ranked 28th on Forbes magazine 's ranking of world 's highest paid actors from June 2014 to June 2015 , bringing in $ 16million . As a screenwriter , he contributed to the stories of 21 Jump Street , 22 Jump Street and Sausage Party ( 2016 ) , all of which he also starred in ." }, { "docid": "The_Smurfs_(film)", "title": "", "text": "The Smurfs is a 2011 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film loosely based on the comic book series of the same name created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . It was directed by Raja Gosnell and stars Hank Azaria , Neil Patrick Harris , Jayma Mays and Sofía Vergara , with Jonathan Winters and Katy Perry as the voices of Papa Smurf and Smurfette . It is the first CGI/live-action hybrid film produced by Sony Pictures Animation , and the first in The Smurfs duology . The film tells the story of the Smurfs as they get lost in New York , and try to find a way to get back home before Gargamel catches them . After five years of negotiations , Jordan Kerner bought the rights in 2002 , and the film entered development with Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , until Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation obtained the film rights in 2008 . Filming began in March 2010 in New York City . After having the release date changed three times , Columbia Pictures released The Smurfs on July 29 , 2011 . Box office analysts initially predicted the film would tie with Cowboys & Aliens , but The Smurfs ultimately came in second , grossing $ 35.6 million against Cowboys & Aliens $ 36.4 million gross . The Smurfs reached the $ 500 million milestone in the weekend of September 23 -- 25 , 2011 . A sequel , titled The Smurfs 2 , was released on July 31 , 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Street_Hoops", "title": "", "text": "Street Hoops is a streetball video game released in 2002 . The game has real life streetballers such as 1/2 Man 1/2 Amazing , Hot Sauce , and Headache , and is a less dramatic , more realistic game than NBA Street , as the characters can not jump completely over the hoop . Like NBA Street , it is possible to create custom baller , and play on real life courts . The game has 3 different modes : World Tournament , Lord of the Court , and Pick-up Game ." }, { "docid": "List_of_21_Jump_Street_episodes", "title": "", "text": "21 Jump Street is an American police procedural crime drama television series that aired on the Fox Network and in first run syndication from April 12 , 1987 , to April 27 , 1991 , with a total of 103 episodes . The series focuses on a squad of youthful-looking undercover police officers investigating crimes in high schools , colleges , and other teenage venues ." }, { "docid": "The_Adventures_of_Elmo_in_Grouchland", "title": "", "text": "The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland is a 1999 American-German musical fantasy-comedy film directed by Gary Halvorson . It is the second theatrical feature-length film based on the popular U.S. children 's series Sesame Street , the first being Sesame Street Presents Follow That Bird in 1985 . Produced by Jim Henson Pictures in association with the Children 's Television Workshop ( now Sesame Workshop ) and released by Columbia Pictures on October 1 , 1999 , the film co-stars Mandy Patinkin and Vanessa Williams . The film was shot in Wilmington , North Carolina , at EUE/Screen Gems in 1998 . This is one of the few Sesame Street productions directly produced by The Jim Henson Company , and also , alongside Muppets from Space , the final Muppet-themed feature film for Frank Oz , who retired from being a full-time puppeteer the following year ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Columbia_Pictures_films", "title": "", "text": "This following is a list of films produced and/or released by Columbia Pictures . It is one of the Big Six film studios . Columbia Pictures is a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony ." }, { "docid": "Ratskin", "title": "", "text": "Ratskin is a 1929 animated cartoon released by Columbia Pictures starring Krazy Kat . It is the first cartoon to be released by Columbia Pictures and the first Krazy Kat cartoon released with sound ." }, { "docid": "Columbia_TriStar_Television", "title": "", "text": "Columbia TriStar Television ( CTT ) was an American television studio that was active from 1994 to 2002 . It was operated as the third name of the early television studio Screen Gems and the fourth name of Pioneer Telefilms , both part of Sony Pictures Entertainment and the second company to use the Columbia and TriStar names together ( the first being Columbia TriStar Home Video , now Sony Pictures Home Entertainment ) ." }, { "docid": "Street_Commando", "title": "", "text": "Street Commando is the third studio album by rapper Big Syke . It was released on May 21 , 2002 ." }, { "docid": "Sony_Pictures_Digital", "title": "", "text": "Sony Pictures Digital ( previously known as Columbia TriStar Interactive , Sony Pictures Interactive Network , and Sony Pictures Digital Entertainment ) is an operating unit of Sony Pictures Entertainment . It oversees the digital production and online entertainment assets of SPE , consists of Sony Pictures Mobile , Sony Pictures Digital Networks , and others . It is known as the digital website interactive creator for SPE . Sony Pictures Digital designed websites for Sony Pictures , Screen Gems Network , SoapCity , Sony Pictures Imageworks , GSN , among others for SPE . The company is registered under the trade name Sony Pictures Digital Productions Inc. , though it 's known as Sony Pictures Digital appeared in 2006 longer variant in the copyright on most of the Sony Pictures sites . It is currently headed by Robert Osher , President of Digital Productions , and Chief Operating Officer of Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group , Sony Pictures Entertainment . In 2005 , the group 's name was changed appeared in 2005 to Sony Pictures Digital Sales and Marketing and encompassed all areas of interactive media creation and marketing for SPE , including gaming , mobile , websites , design and sales . The company was also a co-producer along with ShadowMachine Films , Seth Green 's Stoopid Monkey production company , Williams Street , and Cartoon Network for the show , Robot Chicken until Season 5 . It also produce games that been given by Columbia Pictures Industries like Qbert . Its visual effects division Sony Pictures Imageworks provides visual effects for films produced not only by Columbia TriStar Pictures but also by other non-SPE studios ." }, { "docid": "Weekly_Shonen_Jump_(magazine)", "title": "", "text": "Weekly Shonen Jump is a digital shōnen manga anthology published in North America by Viz Media , and the successor to their monthly print anthology Shonen Jump . It began serialization on January 30 , 2012 as Weekly Shonen Jump Alpha ( officially stylized as Weekly SHONEN JUMP αlpha or Weekly SHONEN JUMP Alpha ) , with two free preview issues released in the buildup to its launch . Based on Shueisha 's popular Japanese magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump , Weekly Shonen Jump is an attempt to provide English readers with easily accessible , affordable , and officially licensed editions of the latest installments of popular Shōnen Jump manga soon after their release in Japan , as an alternative to popular bootleg scanlation services . The anthology launched with a lineup of six titles , with new issues published online two weeks after the equivalent Japanese release . The magazine currently features twelve ongoing titles , including installments of monthly series from Weekly Shōnen Jump 's sister publications , Weekly Young Jump , Jump SQ , V Jump , and Young Jump Web Comics . At New York Comic-Con 2012 it was announced that the magazine would transition to simultaneous publication with Japan beginning with the January 21 , 2013 issue , with more new series to be added to the lineup . The magazine was renamed Weekly Shonen Jump starting on January 21 , 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Little_Women_(1994_film)", "title": "", "text": "Little Women is a 1994 American family drama film directed by Gillian Armstrong . The screenplay by Robin Swicord is based on the 1868 Louisa May Alcott novel of the same name . It is the fourth feature film adaptation of the Alcott classic , following silent versions released in 1917 and 1918 , a 1933 George Cukor-directed release and a 1949 adaptation by Mervyn LeRoy . It was released exclusively on December 21 , 1994 , and was released nationwide four days later on December 25 , 1994 , by Columbia Pictures ." }, { "docid": "Ken_Wiederhorn", "title": "", "text": "Ken Wiederhorn is a film and television director , known mainly for the horror films Shock Waves and Return of the Living Dead Part II . Other features include Eyes of a Stranger , Meatballs II , and A House in the Hills . He also directed multiple episodes of 21 Jump Street , Dark Justice , and Freddy 's Nightmares . Documentaries include , `` Mission In Mississippi '' , `` Breaking Vegas '' , `` US Marshals ; The Real Story '' , `` Hunt for Amazing Treasure '' , and `` Fugitive Task Force : He and fellow Columbia School of the Arts student , Reuben Trane , won the first Student Academy Award in the Drama category for their thesis film , `` Manhattan Melody . ''" }, { "docid": "Sonic_Jump", "title": "", "text": "is a vertical platformer video game developed by Hardlight and published by Sega for iOS and Android . On its original release , the app was released in Japan on 21 February 2005 , and then worldwide in April . It was then remade and released worldwide 18 October 2012 , and then released for Android on 21 December . In April 2014 , a sequel to this game was released on iOS and Android devices , entitled Sonic Jump Fever ." }, { "docid": "Rye_Rye", "title": "", "text": "Ryeisha Berrain ( born November 25 , 1990 ) , known by her stage name Rye Rye , is an American rapper , singer , dancer and actress . Signed to N.E.E.T. Recordings , she released her first mixtape RYEot PowRR in 2011 and her anticipated debut album Go ! Pop ! Bang ! on May 15 , 2012 . In early 2009 , MSNBC listed Rye Rye as one of the `` 5Top : Top of the pops ! Up-and coming young singers . '' In 2011 , Rye Rye was named one of Billboard 's `` 21 Under 21 '' . Rye Rye made her acting debut in the 2012 film 21 Jump Street ." }, { "docid": "Men_in_Black_(film_series)", "title": "", "text": "Men in Black is a series of American comic science fiction action spy films directed by Barry Sonnenfeld , and based on Malibu / Marvel comic book series The Men in Black by Lowell Cunningham . The first film , Men in Black , was released in 1997 , the second film , Men in Black II , in 2002 , and the third film , Men in Black 3 was released in 2012 . Amblin Entertainment and MacDonald/Parkes Productions produced all three films and distributed through Columbia Pictures ." }, { "docid": "Booker_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Booker is an American crime drama series starring Richard Grieco that aired on the Fox Network from September 24 , 1989 to May 6 , 1990 . The series is a spin-off of 21 Jump Street and the second installment of the Jump Street franchise . The character of Dennis Booker was originally a recurring character on that police drama during its third season ." }, { "docid": "Angry_Blonde", "title": "", "text": "Angry Blonde is a 2000 non-fiction book by American rapper Eminem . The book was first published on November 21 , 2000 by HarperEntertainment and features Eminem 's commentary of his songs as well as several pictures that had not been previously published . A paperback edition was released in 2002 . The book was listed as one of the ALA 's `` Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers '' for 2002 ." } ]
125148	Kuala Lumpur has the Petronas Twin Towers.	[ { "docid": "Petronas_Towers", "title": "", "text": "The Petronas Towers , also known as the Petronas Twin Towers ( Malay : Menara Petronas , or Menara Berkembar Petronas ) , are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat ( CTBUH ) 's official definition and ranking , they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 and remain the tallest twin towers in the world . The buildings are a landmark of Kuala Lumpur , along with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower ." }, { "docid": "Kuala_Lumpur", "title": "", "text": "Kuala Lumpur ( -LSB- ˈkwɑːlə ˈlʊmpʊə -RSB- or -LSB- - pər -RSB- -LSB- ˈkwalə ˈlumpʊr -RSB- ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur , or more commonly KL , is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city . The only alpha world city in Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 and has an estimated population of 1.73 million . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in South-East Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia , home to the Parliament of Malaysia , and the official residence of the Malaysian King , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government as well , but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999 . Some sections of the judiciary still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of three Federal Territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the Formula One Grand Prix . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades . It is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Twin Towers , which have become an iconic symbol of Malaysia 's futuristic development ." } ]	[ { "docid": "List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Kuala_Lumpur", "title": "", "text": "This list of tallest buildings in Kuala Lumpur ranks skyscrapers in the city of Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia by height . The tallest buildings in the city are currently the The Petronas Twin Towers , which rise 1483 ft in the Kuala Lumpur City Centre and were the world 's tallest buildings from 1998 to 2004 . Other prominent structures on the skyline are the Ilham Tower and the Kuala Lumpur Tower ." }, { "docid": "Grand_Hyatt_Kuala_Lumpur", "title": "", "text": "Grand Hyatt Kuala Lumpur , is a five-star hotel in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , that officially opened 24 August 2012 . The hotel is part of Hyatt Hotels Corporation and the first Grand Hyatt brand to be opened in Malaysia . Grand Hyatt Kuala Lumpur , a 412-room hotel , is located within Menara Darussalam which also includes separate office spaces from level 3 to 15 . The hotel is situated along Jalan Pinang and adjacent to the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre . The hotel overlooks Petronas Twin Towers and is walking distance to Suria KLCC Shopping Mall , Pavilion Kuala Lumpur also Golden Triangle district . It features entry level rooms at 47 square metres to luxurious suites , a Sky Lobby with views of the Petronas Twin Towers , KLCC Park and the city skyline . All the rooms have floor-to-ceiling windows to maximise natural daylight into the rooms . The hotel also has three food and beverage dining options with interactive show kitchens , seven meeting and event venues for gala events to intimate wedding receptions . There is also Essa Spa that offers traditional Malay ramuan and a freeform outdoor swimming pool surrounded by tropical greenery ." }, { "docid": "KLCC_LRT_station", "title": "", "text": "KLCC LRT station is an underground rapid transit station in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , served by the Kelana Jaya Line . It is located in the basement of Avenue K , a shopping mall along Jalan Ampang . A pedestrian subway links the station to Suria KLCC and the rest of the KLCC development which includes the Petronas Twin Towers , Maxis Tower and the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre . Located outside the station , along Jalan Ampang and Jalan P Ramlee , is the KLCC bus hub . Located right in the middle of the city , and so close to many landmarks , this is one of the busiest stations on the LRT system . It is packed especially on weekends and school holidays . The pedestrian walkway linking between the Petronas Twin Towers and Pavilion Kuala Lumpur shopping centre in Bukit Bintang was added in January 2012 , thus linking this station with the Raja Chulan Monorail station ." }, { "docid": "KLCC", "title": "", "text": "KLCC may refer to : Kuala Lumpur City Centre or KLCC , a development precinct in Kuala Lumpur KLCC Park Suria KLCC , the shopping mall at the base of Petronas Twin Towers Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre Aquaria KLCC , public aquarium Lot C , KLCC , a proposed office tower and retail space extension to Suria KLCC Lot D1 , KLCC , an undeveloped land , which currently serves as a car park lot , in front of Mandarin Oriental hotel KLCC LRT station , an underground light rail transit station serving the Twin Towers KLCC ( FM ) , a radio station ( 89.7 FM ) licensed to Eugene , Oregon , United States" }, { "docid": "Maxis_Tower", "title": "", "text": "Maxis Tower ( Menara Maxis ) is a 49-storey , 212 m office skyscraper in Kuala Lumpur City Centre , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The tower serves as headquarters of Maxis Communications and Tanjong Plc Group of Companies . Maxis Tower was developed by KLCC Properties Holdings Berhad ( KLCCP ) under Phase 1 of the KLCC project . The building is owned by Impian Klasik Sdn Bhd , in which Tanjong holds a 67 % stake and KLCCP holds a 33 % stake . Maxis Tower is situated in the northwest corner of the KLCC development , adjacent to the Petronas Twin Towers . As with its neighbouring twin towers , Maxis Tower features an aluminium and glass cladding facade ." }, { "docid": "As_Syakirin_Mosque", "title": "", "text": "The As Syakirin Mosque ( Malay : Masjid As Syakirin ) , also known as KLCC Mosque , is a mosque located in the Kuala Lumpur City Centre , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The mosque is situated near the Suria KLCC shopping centre and the Petronas Twin Towers , the tallest twin towers in the world . In 2009 , the mosque went through a major renovation to increase the capacity from 6000 people to 12,000 people . Mosque initially registered as a prayer on 12 July 1999 for Petronas staff , and status as a mosque before being administered by the Federal Territory Islamic Religious Council ( religious council ) . This two-storey mosque area of 21 hectares . It is regarded as the jewel in the park because of its strategic location and facing KLCC Park also provides a hall that can accommodate up to 500 people with audio system complete with meeting rooms and room remains . Ash-Syakirin name means ' the people of the grateful chosen as the official name for this mosque . The mosque is an architectural landmark of Islam in a rapidly developing area in the capital city , Kuala Lumpur ." }, { "docid": "KLCC_District_Cooling", "title": "", "text": "KLCC District Cooling is a building that is used to provide district cooling for the KLCC vicinity . It is a 30,000 ton gas-powered turbine-driven chilled water unit providing cool air not only to Petronas Twin Towers and Suria KLCC , but also to Maxis Tower , Menara Exxon Mobil , Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre , and Mandarin Oriental Kuala Lumpur as well as As Syakirin Mosque . The building is situated behind As Syakirin Mosque ." }, { "docid": "KLCC_Park", "title": "", "text": "The KLCC Park ( Malay : Taman KLCC ) is a public park located in the vicinity of Suria KLCC , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The park has been designed to provide greenery to Petronas Twin Towers and the areas surrounding it ." }, { "docid": "KLCC_Property_Holdings", "title": "", "text": "KLCC Property Holdings Berhad ( KLCCP ; ) is a Malaysian property investment company which owns and manages office , retail and hotel properties in Kuala Lumpur , mainly in the KL City Centre area . Among the properties owned or managed by the company and its stapled real estate investment trust are the Petronas Twin Towers ( the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 ) , Suria KLCC , the Mandarin Oriental Kuala Lumpur and Menara Maxis . The company , along with KLCC Real Estate Investment Trust ( KLCC REIT ) -- which it manages -- form the KLCC Stapled Group . KLCCP shares are stapled with KLCC REIT units ; the stapled securities are listed on Main Market of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad . The group is 75 % - owned by Petronas through direct and indirect interests . KLCCP was incorporated in 2004 as a vehicle to offer a portion of Petronas 's property holdings to the public . In 2013 , the company undertook a corporate restructuring , which involved the transfer of three prime real estate office properties , including the Petronas Towers , into the newly formed KLCC REIT . KLCC Stapled Group is the largest REIT in Malaysia with a net asset value of RM12 billion in June 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Petronas_Tower_3", "title": "", "text": "The 60-storey Petronas Tower 3 , previously known as Carigali Tower , skyscraper is completed on a plot of land known as Lot C KLCC , measuring 1.06 acre adjacent to KLCC Kuala Lumpur . The building will feature a 6-level extension to the Suria KLCC shopping mall with the rest of the floors above comprising office spaces . Once completed , Menara Carigali will be made the headquarters of Petronas Carigali , the E&P subsidiary of PETRONAS and some of the local subsidiary of Multinational Corporations such as Microsoft Malaysia will be located at the new tower . Along with the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre and the Binjai condominium , development of Lot C falls under Phase 2 of the KLCC project . Development cost is reported at RM1 billion ." }, { "docid": "Jeb_Corliss", "title": "", "text": "Jeb Corliss ( born March 25 , 1976 ) is an American professional skydiver and BASE jumper . He has jumped from sites including Paris ' Eiffel Tower , Seattle 's Space Needle , the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro and the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . He lives in Venice , California ." }, { "docid": "Lot_K,_KLCC", "title": "", "text": "Lot K , KLCC is a tentative name of the development project that is underway on Lot K and Lot 185 on Kuala Lumpur City Center , Kuala Lumpur . The development comprising two towers , inclusive of offices and Kuala Lumpur 's first luxury Raffles Hotel of between 35 and 77 storeys . The project is being designed by César Pelli Architects , designers of the adjacent Petronas Towers , and the environmental design and engineering firm Neapoli ." }, { "docid": "2007_HINDRAF_rally", "title": "", "text": "The 2007 HINDRAF rally was a rally held in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , on 25 November 2007 . The rally organiser , the Hindu Rights Action Force , had called the protest over alleged discriminatory policies which favour ethnic Malays . The rally was the second such street protest after the 2007 Bersih rally in Kuala Lumpur on 10 November 2007 . The rally started when a crowd estimated to be between 5,000 and 30,000 people gathered outside the Petronas Twin Towers at midnight , early Sunday morning . At least 240 people were detained , but half of them were later released ." }, { "docid": "Bok_House", "title": "", "text": "The Bok House was an old mansion on Jalan Ampang in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , demolished in 2006 . The compound where the building stood is a block away from the Petronas Twin Towers , owned by a private trustee managed by the Bok family . The mansion was designed by Swan and Maclaren in 1926 and it was completed in 1929 for a local millionaire , Chua Cheng Bok . In the 1960s and up until its closure in 2001 , the mansion housed an upscale restaurant called the Le Coq d'Or ." }, { "docid": "The_St._Regis_Mexico_City", "title": "", "text": "Freedom Tower ( also called the St. Regis Hotel Tower ) is a skyscraper located in front of the Diana Fountain roundabout at Paseo de la Reforma 439 , Colonia , Cuauhtémoc , Delegación Cuauhtémoc in Mexico City . Its construction began in November 2004 and completed in January 2008 . The tower started operating in June of that same year . The building has a commercial area on the third floor , and a seven-level underground parking garage with a capacity for 2,000 cars . As of 2010 , the Freedom Tower was the second tallest building in Paseo de la Reforma and the ninth tallest in Mexico City . The tower consists of a hotel and various luxury residences . This is the first building belonging to the St. Regis Hotel & Residences From the Starwood Hotels & Resorts Conglomerate in Latin America . The architect of this skyscraper was the Argentinian Cesar Pelli , creator of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur - the highest building in the world until the year 2004 . In Mexico City he previously designed the Twin Towers of Polanco called the Forest Residence 1 , the Forest Residence 2 , and the Coca Cola Building in 1995 ." }, { "docid": "Architecture_of_Kuala_Lumpur", "title": "", "text": "The architecture of Kuala Lumpur is a blend of old colonial influences , Asian traditions , Malay Islamic inspirations , modern and post modern mix . Being a relatively young city , most of Kuala Lumpur 's colonial buildings were built toward the end of 19th and early 20th century . These buildings have Mughal , Tudor , Neo-Gothic or Grecian-Spanish style or architecture . Most of the styling have been modified to cater to use local resources and the acclimatized to the local climate , which is hot and humid all year around . Independence coupled with the rapid economic growth from the 70 's to the 90 's , saw buildings with more local and Islamic motifs arise in the central districts of the city . Many of these buildings derive their design from traditional Malay items , such as the head dress and the keris . Some of these buildings have Islamic geometric motifs integrated with the designs of the building , such as square patterns or a dome . Late Modernist and Post Modernist style architecture began to appear in the late 1990s and early 2000s . Buildings with all-glass exteriors sprang up around the city , with the most prominent example being the Petronas Twin Towers As an emerging global city in a newly industrialized economy , the city skyline is expected to experience further changes in decades to come with construction works like The Gardens , The Pavilion , Four Seasons Place , Lot C of KLCC and many more ." }, { "docid": "Worldview_Broadcasting_Channel", "title": "", "text": "Worldwide Broadcasting Channel is a free news channel , owned by Worldview Broadcasting Channel ( M ) Sdn Bhd. . It started test transmission on 1 December 2011 . It can be normally tuned on UHF 39 ( 615.25 MHz ) in Klang Valley and Selangor ) . Its test transmission time is 6 p.m. to 12 a.m. . It broadcasts from its headquarters in Petronas Twin Towers at Jalan Ampang , Kuala Lumpur . It was test of transmission on 1 January 2012 , pre-launched on Thursday , 1 March 2012 and officially launched it started began broadcasting metropolitan on 1 April 2012 . WBC broadcasts for six hours daily from 18:00 until 00:00 MST . WBC currently broadcasts via UHF on Channel 39 with video frequency used 615.250-MHz & audio frequency used 620.750-MHz by the television transmitter of tower at Menara TV3 form complex of Bukit Sungai Besi raised as high at 20 kilowatt and obtained form antenna by 300 metre . On 1 March 2012 , TV3 news broadcast was aired live from Bandar Utama , Damansara , Petaling Jaya , Selangor on WBC in daily at 20:00 until 21:00 MST . On 2 April 2012 , WBC and KLSE partnership called as `` Bisnes Kuala Lumpur ( Kuala Lumpur Business ) '' is a business and financial news programmes a subsidiary of KLSE . Malay newspaper carries the television schedule listings of the channel was officially launched on 1 April 2012 . However , this channel have been closed down since October 2012 due to financial problems ." }, { "docid": "102_Incheon_Tower", "title": "", "text": "The 102 Incheon Tower was a supertall twin tower proposed for construction in Songdo International City , Incheon , South Korea . The design consists of two 151 floor , 613 m supertall skyscrapers connected by three skybridges . the building will become the tallest twin towers in the world , surpassing the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , and one of the tallest buildings in Asia . After the late-2000s recession , the tower was postponed with the possibility of a redesign at a lower height . The height of the supertall was reduced from 613 metres to 490 metres while keeping the design the same . The Skyscraper is designed to represent Songdo City . It will include offices , residential space , and a hotel . It will be a Korean landmark upon completion . The complex is located at the US$ 35 billion New Songdo City , which will cover over 6 km2 of land and is about 20 mi from the nation 's capital , Seoul . Developer Portman Holdings , run by John Portman , signed an agreement with South Korean officials to build the tower . Construction started with groundbreaking on 20 June 2008 . If completed on schedule in 2015 . Construction halted in 2009 . Construction resumed in 2013 with its completion is 2019 , but finally cancelled in 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Kuala_Lumpur_City_Centre", "title": "", "text": "Kuala Lumpur City Centre ( KLCC ) is a multipurpose development area in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The area is located around Jalan Ampang , Jalan P. Ramlee , Jalan Binjai , Jalan Kia Peng and Jalan Pinang . There are a number of shopping complexes such as Suria KLCC and Avenue K . There are also hotels within walking distance such as G Tower , Mandarin Oriental , Grand Hyatt Kuala Lumpur and InterContinental Kuala Lumpur hotel . Designed to be a city within a city , the 100-acre site hosts the tallest twin buildings in the world , shopping mall , office buildings and several hotels . A public park and a mosque is also built on the area and open to everyone . The whole project is cooled via district cooling located on the property ." }, { "docid": "Kuala_Lumpur_Tower", "title": "", "text": "The Kuala Lumpur Tower ( Menara Kuala Lumpur ; abbreviated as KL Tower ) is a communications tower located in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . Its construction was completed on 1 March 1995 . It features an antenna that increases its height to 421 metres ( 1,381 feet ) and is the 7th tallest freestanding tower in the world . The roof of the pod is at 335 metres ( 1,099 feet ) . The rest of the tower below has a stairwell and an elevator to reach the upper area , which also contains a revolving restaurant , providing diners with a panoramic view of the city . Races are held annually , where participants race up the stairs to the top . The tower also acts as the Islamic falak observatory to observe the crescent moon which marks the beginning of Muslim month of Ramadhan , Syawal , and Zulhijjah , to celebrate fasting month of Ramadhan , Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Aidiladha . The tower is the highest viewpoint in Kuala Lumpur that is open to the public ." }, { "docid": "Miglin-Beitler_Skyneedle", "title": "", "text": "The Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle was a proposed 125-floor skyscraper intended for Chicago , United States by Lee Miglin and J. Paul Beitler . The site of the proposed Skyneedle now is host to a parking garage . If it had been built in 1988 , the 610 m tall Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle would have been the tallest building in the world . However , across the street ( Wells Street ) from the parking garage is another César Pelli project , 181 West Madison Street , which reportedly inspired the general design of the Skyneedle . Visually the upper floors of the Skyneedle do appear to be similar to a stretched 181 W Madison . The Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle was designed by César Pelli , who also designed the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur . The Petronas Towers have an obvious design reference , with the exception of having round floorplates as opposed to square ones ." }, { "docid": "Faber_Towers", "title": "", "text": "Faber Towers is a twin tower skyscraper in Taman Desa , Seputeh , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . It is one of the earliest skyscrapers completed in the city ." }, { "docid": "The_Investment_Building", "title": "", "text": "The Investment Building is a high-rise building in Washington , D.C. . The building rises 13 floors and 154 ft in height . The interior renovation and redesign of the building was by architect César Pelli ; Pelli also designed the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur . The renovation was completed in 2001 . As of July 2008 , the structure stands as the 32nd-tallest building in the city , tied in rank with 1310 G Street , 1430 K Street , 1875 K Street , the Westin Washington , D.C. City Center , the Executive Tower , 1701 Pennsylvania Avenue the Capital Hilton and The Westin Washington , D.C. City Center . The building is composed entirely of commercial office space . The Investment Building is partially composed of elements from an older building of the same name that was designed in 1910 by Jules Henri de Sibour , and completed in 1924 ; the building was partially demolished , but its historic facade was preserved . The modern Investment Building rises two floors higher than its predecessor . The building is principally occupied by Sidley Austin , the sixth largest law firm in the United States ; and by the Washington office of UBS . Its ground floor houses The Catholic Information Center , a Catholic bookstore , and a Cosi 's coffee house ." }, { "docid": "St._John's_Cathedral_(Kuala_Lumpur)", "title": "", "text": "Cathedral of St John The Evangelist is the Mother Church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur and the seat of its Archbishop , Julian Leow Beng Kim . The first Church on a nearby site was established in 1883 , and consisted of a long wooden hall with a few windows built on a forested area of Bukit Nanas , and was dedicated to St John the Evangelist . It was later rebuilt with bricks walls and tile roofed , and today is used as The Community Services Centre '' . The current building was built in 1954 and completed in 1955 and consecrated in 1962 , when it was also elevated to the status of cathedral . The building is known for its whitewashed exterior and twin spires at the west front . It also includes stained glass windows from Paris , depicting scenes from the Gospel . The parish has come a long way from its early days , from being a parish of expatriates and Eurasians , and is now a thriving ` Cosmopolitan ' parish . Situated in the heart of the Kuala Lumpur , the Cathedral also draws many foreign visitors and diplomats , apart from the regular parishioners , to its Sunday services . St John 's Cathedral is located next to St. John 's Institution , which is known for its Grecian-Spanish architecture . The school derives its name from St John Baptist De La Salle and was established by the Lasallian Brothers . Due to its location ascending Bukit Nanas , it is also in close proximity to Convent Bukit Nanas , Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve and Kuala Lumpur Tower ." }, { "docid": "Maybank_Tower_(Kuala_Lumpur)", "title": "", "text": "Maybank Tower ( Menara Maybank ) is a skyscraper in Pudu , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The tower is the headquarters of Maybank and houses the Maybank Numismatic Museum ." }, { "docid": "Kerteh", "title": "", "text": "Kerteh ( est. pop . ( 2000 census ) : 3,064 ) is a mukim in Kemaman District , Terengganu , Malaysia . Kerteh is the base of operations for Petronas in Terengganu , overseeing the oil platform operations off the state 's coast as well as petrochemicals production and crude oil refining in nearby Paka . The Ma'Daerah turtle sanctuary is also nearby . Kerteh is served by the Kerteh Airport , a small airport catering mostly to helicopter flights to offshore oil platforms and charter plane flights for Petronas staff to Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport near Kuala Lumpur . It also has the first Mc Donald restaurant in Terengganu ." }, { "docid": "AmBank_Tower", "title": "", "text": "AmBank Tower ( Menara AmBank ) is the 9th tallest skyscraper in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The tower is located in Jalan Yap Kwan Seng ; merely 0.05 km from the Kuala Lumpur City Centre . The tower was officially launched by the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia , Mahathir Mohamad in 2003 . The tower houses the headquarters of AmBank Group ." }, { "docid": "Pavilion_Kuala_Lumpur", "title": "", "text": "Pavilion Kuala Lumpur is a shopping mall situated in the Bukit Bintang district in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . It was built on the former site of Bukit Bintang Girls ' School , the oldest school in Kuala Lumpur which was moved to Cheras as Sekolah Seri Bintang Utara in 2000 . Opened on 20 September 2007 , it consists of four major components : a retail mall , an office tower , two residential and a proposed hotel ." }, { "docid": "Hilton_Kuala_Lumpur", "title": "", "text": "Hilton Kuala Lumpur is a 5-star business hotel , located at 3 Jalan Stesen Sentral , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . It is part of the hotel chain Hilton Hotels & Resorts . Hilton Kuala Lumpur is situated in the heart of the vibrant KL Sentral area , towering 35 floors and 154m height . The hotel is under number 43 of the tallest buildings in Malaysia . Next to it is the same building that houses a hotel of the French chain Le Meridien ." }, { "docid": "TRX_Signature_Tower", "title": "", "text": "TRX Signature Tower is a skyscraper under construction in Tun Razak Exchange , Kuala Lumpur . Developed by Mulia Group , construction began on 29 April 2016 , and is set for completion in 2018 . When completed , the tower will be the tallest building in Kuala Lumpur until the completion of KL118 ." } ]
128493	The television series Fargo has an anthology format, setting each season in a different era with a different story and cast.	[ { "docid": "Fargo_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Fargo is an American black comedy -- crime drama anthology television series created and primarily written by Noah Hawley . The show is inspired by the 1996 film of the same name written and directed by the Coen brothers , who serve as executive producers on the series alongside Hawley . It premiered on April 15 , 2014 , on FX . The series follows an anthology format , with each season set in a different era with a different story , cast , and set of characters ; however , each season shares a common chronology with the original film . The first season , set in 2006 and starring Billy Bob Thornton , Allison Tolman , Colin Hanks , and Martin Freeman , was met with critical acclaim . It won the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Miniseries , Outstanding Directing and Outstanding Casting , and received fifteen additional nominations including Outstanding Writing , another Outstanding Directing nomination , and acting nominations for all four leads . It also won the Golden Globe Awards for Best Miniseries or Television Film and Best Actor -- Miniseries or Television Film for Thornton . The second season , set in 1979 and starring Kirsten Dunst , Patrick Wilson , Jesse Plemons , Jean Smart , and Ted Danson , was met with even greater acclaim . It received three Golden Globe nominations , along with several Emmy nominations including Outstanding Miniseries and acting nominations for Dunst , Plemons , Smart , and Bokeem Woodbine . The third season , set in 2010 and starring Ewan McGregor , Carrie Coon , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Goran Bogdan and David Thewlis premiered on April 19 , 2017 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Anthology_series", "title": "", "text": "An anthology series is a radio or television series that presents a different story and a different set of characters in each episode or season/series . These usually have a different cast each week , but several series in the past , such as Four Star Playhouse , employed a permanent troupe of character actors who would appear in a different drama each week . Some anthology series , such as Studio One , began on radio and then expanded to television ." }, { "docid": "Fargo_(season_2)", "title": "", "text": "The second season of Fargo , an American anthology black comedy -- crime drama television series created by Noah Hawley , premiered on October 12 , 2015 , on the basic cable network FX . Its principal cast consisted of Kirsten Dunst , Patrick Wilson , Jesse Plemons , Jean Smart and Ted Danson . The season had ten episodes , and its initial airing concluded on December 14 , 2015 . As an anthology , each Fargo season possesses its own self-contained narrative , following a disparate set of characters in various settings . A prequel to the events in its first season , season two of Fargo takes place in the Midwestern United States in March 1979 . It follows the lives of a young couple -- Peggy ( Dunst ) and Ed Blumquist ( Plemons ) -- as they attempt to cover up the hit and run and murder of Rye Gerhardt ( Kieran Culkin ) , the son of Floyd Gerhardt ( Smart ) , matriarch of the Gerhardt crime family . During this time , Minnesota state trooper Lou Solverson ( Wilson ) , and Rock County sheriff Hank Larsson ( Danson ) , investigate three murders linked to Rye . Hawley and his writing team used the second season to expand the scope of the show 's storytelling . Season two 's episodes were shot in Calgary , Alberta over an 85-day period . The series received widespread critical acclaim and was cited as one of the strongest programs of the 2015 television season . It was a candidate for a multitude of awards , including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series and Golden Globe for Best Miniseries or Television Film , and won several other honors recognizing outstanding achievement in acting , directing , writing , cinematography , editing , special effects , and creative direction ." }, { "docid": "Black_Mirror", "title": "", "text": "Black Mirror is a British science fiction television anthology series created by Charlie Brooker and centred around dark and satirical themes that examine modern society , particularly with regard to the unanticipated consequences of new technologies . Episodes are standalone works , usually set in an alternative present or the near future . The show was first broadcast on the British Channel 4 , in 2011 . In September 2015 , Netflix commissioned a third season of 12 episodes . The commissioned episodes were later divided into two seasons of six episodes ; the third season was released on Netflix worldwide on 21 October 2016 . Regarding the programme 's content and structure , Brooker noted , `` each episode has a different cast , a different setting , even a different reality . But they 're all about the way we live now -- and the way we might be living in 10 minutes ' time if we 're clumsy . '' The series has received critical acclaim and has seen an increase in interest internationally ( particularly in the US ) after being added to Netflix ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_American_Horror_Story", "title": "", "text": "American Horror Story is a horror television series created and produced by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk . The series is broadcast on the cable television channel FX in the United States . Described as an anthology series , each season is conceived as a self-contained miniseries , following a disparate set of characters and settings , and a storyline with its own `` beginning , middle , and end '' . Since its debut , American Horror Story has earned mostly positive reviews from critics , and has been nominated for a variety of different awards , including fifteen Critics ' Choice Television Awards ( four wins ) , seventy-eight Emmy Awards ( fifteen wins ) , nine Golden Globe Awards ( two wins ) , three People 's Choice Awards ( one win ) , eleven Satellite Awards ( three wins ) , and sixteen Saturn Awards . Actress Jessica Lange , who was featured in the first four seasons , has won the most awards of the franchise , including the Primetime Emmy Award , the Golden Globe Award , and the Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance , while the former along with James Cromwell , who starred as Dr. Arthur Arden in the second season , subtitled Asylum , and Kathy Bates , who features since the third season , subtitled Coven , are the only performers to win an Emmy . `` Welcome to Briarcliff '' , the first episode of Asylum , is the most nominated single episode of the series , receiving nominations for seven different awards , winning one Emmy and one Golden Reel Award . American Horror Story has won 59 awards out of 235 nominations ." }, { "docid": "Waiting_for_Dutch", "title": "", "text": "`` Waiting for Dutch '' is the first episode of the second season of the FX anthology series Fargo , and the eleventh episode of the series overall . It was written by series creator and showrunner Noah Hawley and directed by Michael Uppendahl and Randall Einhorn , making it the only episode in the series with two directors . The title refers to the Samuel Beckett play Waiting for Godot , and to Ronald Reagan , occasionally nicknamed `` Dutch '' , who appears via archival footage . As each season of Fargo follows its own self-contained narrative , `` Waiting for Dutch '' , set in 1979 , introduces a new storyline and cast , along with many new characters : in the episode , Rye Gerhardt ( Kieran Culkin ) , the youngest son of Otto Gedhardt ( Michael Hogan ) , the head of the Gerhardt mafia dynasty , who rules over Fargo , North Dakota , attempts to threaten a tenacious judge ( Ann Cusack ) for financial gain while in Luverne , Minnesota ; their face-off triggers a suite of events that will forever impact the lives of the Gerhardt family and the people of Luverne . The episode was first aired on October 12 , 2015 , and was seen by 1.59 million viewers . It received considerable acclaim from critics , who praised its writing , acting , and new set of characters , and considered it equally good , if not superior , to season one opener `` The Crocodile 's Dilemma '' ; they also noted that the episode seemed to give the new season a different tone , with a bigger scale and more characters , while the episode 's themes and characters were considered a fitting addition to the universe of the original film and the works of the Coen brothers . It received three Primetime Emmy Award nominations , winning Outstanding Cinematography for a Limited Series or Movie for cinematographer Dana Gonzales ." }, { "docid": "Morton's_Fork_(Fargo)", "title": "", "text": "`` Morton 's Fork '' is the tenth episode and season one finale of the FX anthology series Fargo . It was written by series creator and showrunner Noah Hawley and directed by Matt Shakman . The title refers to a dilemma of the same name , posed in the episode by FBI agents Pepper ( Keegan-Michael Key ) and Budge ( Jordan Peele ) . As each season of Fargo follows a different story and characters , the season finale is the conclusion of all storylines developed thus far . In `` Morton 's Fork '' , Lester Nygaard ( Martin Freeman ) desperately tries to escape Lorne Malvo ( Billy Bob Thornton ) , who is hunting him , while also trying to stop the police and Deputy Molly Solverson ( Allison Tolman ) from uncovering his involvement in murders past and present . The episode was acclaimed by critics , and was seen by 1.98 million viewers ." }, { "docid": "Anthology_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "An anthology is a collection of literary works . Anthology may also refer to : Anthology film , a film consisting of several short films Anthology series , a radio or television series with changing cast and stories Anthology Film Archives , a New York City film archive and theater specializing in avant-garde , experimental , and independent cinema Anthology series , a radio or television program with a changing cast or format Anthologies ( Magic : The Gathering ) , a compilation set Anthology ( music venue ) , a music venue and restaurant in San Diego , CA Anthology ( band ) , a metal band from Slovakia Anthology , study of flowers" }, { "docid": "Métal_Hurlant_Chronicles", "title": "", "text": "Métal Hurlant Chronicles is an English-language Franco-Belgian television science fiction anthology series based on the popular comics anthology magazine Métal Hurlant , known in the United States as Heavy Metal and in Germany as Schwermetall . Each episode is a self-contained story taking place on a different planet with a different cast , and the episodes are linked together only by the idea that an asteroid , the `` Métal Hurlant '' , passes the planet in question during the events of the story . The show 's premise originated with Guillaume Lubrano , who put together a self-financed pilot to pitch the show , which was broadcast as the series ' third episode . Lubrano and Justine Veillot produce the show through their company WE Productions . It was largely filmed in Bucharest , Romania . The series premiered on French television on 27 October 2012 on France 4 . Broadcast rights for various European countries such as Germany , Austria , Luxembourg were bought by Sony Pictures Television ." }, { "docid": "Foreign_Objects_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Foreign Objects was a Canadian television series , which aired on CBC Television in 2001 . A short-run dramatic anthology series , the series was written and produced by Ken Finkleman . Finkleman starred as documentary producer George Findlay , the same character he had played in his earlier series The Newsroom , More Tears and Foolish Heart . Apart from Findlay , each episode focused on a different set of characters and told a self-contained story whose theme was human frailty and obsession . The cast also included Colm Feore , Karen Hines , Tom McCamus , Arsinée Khanjian and Rebecca Jenkins . Finkleman 's next project for the CBC was the television movie Escape from the Newsroom ." }, { "docid": "Saturday_Suspense", "title": "", "text": "Saturday Suspense is an Indian television suspense thriller series aired on Zee TV , which premiered in 1998 . The series aired every Saturday at 9:30 pm IST . Each episode of the series was 1 hour long , and produced by a different production company . Some of the noted producers and directors that have produced/directed Saturday Suspense stories are Shyam Ramsay Homi Wadia , Anant Mahadevan , Vivek Agnihotri , Mahesh Aney , Anurag Basu , Deepak Tijori , Ashutosh Gowariker , Raj Tilak , and Vikram Bhatt . In addition , each episode featured a different story in a mini-film format , and consists of a different star cast ." }, { "docid": "Dalziel_and_Pascoe_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Dalziel and Pascoe is a popular British television crime drama based on the novels of the same name , written by Reginald Hill . The series was first broadcast on 16 March 1996 , with Warren Clarke being cast as Dalziel ( pronounced `` dee-ell '' ) and Colin Buchanan being cast as Pascoe . The series is primarily set in the fictional town of Wetherton in Yorkshire , and `` follows the work of two detectives that are thrown together as partners . Complete opposites . Different backgrounds , different beliefs , different styles . They get on each other 's nerves . They are continually embarrassed by each other . But their differences make them a stunningly brilliant crime-solving team . '' The first three series were entirely based on Hill 's novels , as were the first two episodes of series four . However , all subsequent stories , with the exception of `` Dialogues of the Dead '' , are stories written exclusively for television , and have not appeared as subsequent novels . The series was produced by BBC Birmingham , and broadcast on BBC One until 22 June 2007 , running for a total of eleven series . The series was axed in 2008 , citing falling viewing figures as the main reason . It was one of a number of dramas axed in a mass cull by new station controller Peter Fincham ." }, { "docid": "Scene_of_the_Crime_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Scene of the Crime is the title of a mystery anthology series that aired in 1991 and 1992 on CBS , as part of the Crimetime After Primetime late-night block . Rather than employing different actors each episode , the program had a regular cast who played different characters in each story . The series was produced in Vancouver , Canada , and series regulars included Canadian character actors Stephen McHattie and Kim Coates , and producer Stephen J. Cannell appeared onscreen to introduce each story as the show 's host ." }, { "docid": "American_Horror_Story", "title": "", "text": "American Horror Story is an American anthology horror television series created and produced by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk . Described as an anthology series , each season is conceived as a self-contained miniseries , following a disparate set of characters and settings , and a storyline with its own `` beginning , middle , and end . '' Some plot elements of each season are loosely inspired by true events . The first season , retroactively subtitled Murder House , takes place in Los Angeles , California , during the year 2011 and centers on a family that moves into a house haunted by its deceased former occupants . The second season , subtitled Asylum , takes place in Massachusetts during the year 1964 and follows the stories of the patients and staff of an institution for the criminally insane . The third season , subtitled Coven , takes place in New Orleans , Louisiana , during the year 2013 and follows a coven of witches who face off against those who wish to destroy them . The fourth season , subtitled Freak Show , takes place in Jupiter , Florida , during the year 1952 and centers around one of the few remaining American freak shows . The fifth season , subtitled Hotel , takes place in Los Angeles during the year 2015 and focuses on the staff and guests of a supernatural hotel . The sixth season , subtitled Roanoke , takes place in Roanoke Island , during the year 2016 and focuses on the paranormal events that take place at an isolated farmhouse . The only actors to appear in all iterations of the show so far are Evan Peters , Sarah Paulson and Lily Rabe . The series is broadcast on the cable television channel FX in the United States . On November 10 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a sixth season , and premiered , for the first time out of October , on September 14 , 2016 . On October 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a seventh season , which is set to premiere in September 2017 . On January 12 , 2017 , the series was renewed for an eighth and ninth season . Although reception to individual seasons has varied , American Horror Story has been overall well received by television critics , with the majority of the praise going to the cast , particularly Jessica Lange , who won two Emmy Awards , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performances . Additionally , Kathy Bates and Lady Gaga won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award , respectively , for their performances . The series draws consistently high ratings for the FX network , with its first season being the most-viewed new cable series of 2011 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_7_Seeds_characters", "title": "", "text": "The 7 Seeds manga series created by Yumi Tamura features a varied cast of diverse characters , each in different teams . There is no set main character . Instead , the story switches the point of view between each teams and different characters . Every member of a team has a name containing a kigo , a poetic seasonal word , related to the team name -- for example , all of the members of the Spring team have names traditionally associated with spring . Each team consists of seven members plus a guide trained in wilderness survival ." }, { "docid": "Straight_Up_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Straight Up is a popular but short lived Canadian television series produced by Back Alley Film Productions . Although critically acclaimed , the show only ran for 13 episodes on CBC Television from 1996 to 1998 . Set in Toronto , the show dealt with the gritty problems of teenagers living in an urban environment . Rather than focusing on a core group of principal characters , each episode would typically feature a different set of the ensemble teenage cast . Initially , although the character relationships were intertwined , each episode would feature a self-contained plot usually involving only a few of the characters . However during the second season , there was a continuing story arc involving a murder over multiple episodes . Although Straight Up only lasted for two seasons , it spawned the spin-off series Drop the Beat , which followed the characters of Jeff and Dennis as DJs at a campus radio station ." }, { "docid": "List_of_American_Horror_Story_cast_members", "title": "", "text": "American Horror Story is an American horror television series created and produced by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk . Described as an anthology series , each season is conceived as a self-contained miniseries , following a disparate set of characters , settings , and a storyline with its own beginning , middle , and end . However , Murphy has stated that all of the seasons are and will be connected by the end of the series . The first season , subtitled Murder House , takes place during 2011 in Los Angeles , California and centers on a family that moves into a house haunted by its deceased former occupants . The second season , subtitled Asylum , takes place during 1964 in Massachusetts and follows the stories of the inmates and staff of an institution for the criminally insane . The third season , subtitled Coven , takes place during 2013 in New Orleans , Louisiana and follows a coven of witches who face off against those who wish to destroy them . The fourth season , subtitled Freak Show , takes place during 1952 in Jupiter , Florida and focuses on one of the last remaining freak shows in America and its struggle to survive . The fifth season , subtitled Hotel , takes place during 2015 in Los Angeles , California and centers on the unusual occurrences and people of a mysterious and outdated hotel . The sixth , subtitled Roanoke , takes place in 2015 on Roanoke Island in North Carolina , and follows a documentary of experiences endured by a couple and one of their relatives while living on Roanoke Island followed by reenactments , and , in 2016 , follows the real experiences on the Island of the couple and the reenactors of the documentary . Although each season is set in a different time period , there have been characters who have appeared in multiple seasons . Billie Dean Howard ( Sarah Paulson ) , Marcy ( Christine Estabrook ) , Dr. Charles Montgomery ( Matt Ross ) , Sister Mary Eunice McKee ( Lily Rabe ) , Dr. Arthur Arden ( James Cromwell as old Arden ; John Cromwell as young Arden ) , Pepper ( Naomi Grossman ) , Queenie ( Gabourey Sidibe ) and Lana Winters ( Sarah Paulson ) are the eight characters to appear in more than one season of the series . Sister Mary , Dr. Arden , and Pepper appear and reappear in Asylum and Freak Show . Billie , Marcy , and Dr. Montgomery make appearances in Murder House and Hotel . Queenie appears in both Coven and Hotel . Lana appears in Asylum and Roanoke . Murphy has stated that as the series progresses , more and more characters will be making a return to the show ." }, { "docid": "Fargo_(season_3)", "title": "", "text": "The third season of Fargo , an American anthology black comedy -- crime drama television series created by Noah Hawley , premiered on April 19 , 2017 , on the basic cable network FX . The season will consist of ten episodes . As an anthology , each Fargo season possesses its own self-contained narrative , following a disparate set of characters in various settings , albeit in a connected shared universe . The third season is set around December 2010 in three towns in Minnesota : St. Cloud , Eden Valley , and Eden Prairie . It follows the lives of a couple , Ray Stussy ( Ewan McGregor ) and Nikki Swango ( Mary Elizabeth Winstead ) , who , after unsuccessfully trying to rob Ray 's brother Emmit ( also played by McGregor ) , become involved in a double murder case , including an old man with a mysterious past whose stepdaughter Gloria Burgle ( Carrie Coon ) is a policewoman . Meanwhile , Emmit tries to cut his ties with a shady organization he borrowed money from two years prior , but the company , whose employees include V. M. Varga ( David Thewlis ) and Yuri Gurka ( Goran Bogdan ) , have other plans . Season 3 began filming in early 2017 in Calgary , Alberta ." }, { "docid": "The_Guest_Book", "title": "", "text": "The Guest Book is an upcoming anthology-style American comedy television series created by Greg Garcia . The series , which stars Kellie Martin , Charlie Robinson , Carly Jibson , and Lou Wilson , is centered on the people who the employees and visitors to a group of rental cottages in the small mountain town of Mount Trace . The regular cast plays residents in the town , while each episode is focused on a different guest star who plays an out-of-town vacationer . Garcia , who based the show on his habit of writing fake guest book entries while on vacation , will write all 10 episodes of the first season . The series is set to premiere on TBS in August 2017 ." }, { "docid": "Short_Trips:_Steel_Skies", "title": "", "text": "Short Trips : Steel Skies is a Big Finish original anthology edited by John Binns and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The stories are all set in enclosed and artificial environments . The book has four sections , each exploring a different kind of confinement : flight , frontiers , incarceration and isolation ." }, { "docid": "Fargo_(season_1)", "title": "", "text": "The first season of the anthology black comedy -- crime drama television series Fargo , premiered on April 15 , 2014 , on FX . Starring Billy Bob Thornton , Allison Tolman , Colin Hanks and Martin Freeman , the season consisted of ten episodes and concluded its initial airing on June 17 , 2014 . Set in January 2006 , the season follows drifter Lorne Malvo ( Thornton ) who stops at a hospital in Bemidji , Minnesota following a car accident and influences local mild-mannered insurance salesman Lester Nygaard ( Freeman ) with his violent and deceptive ways . Their meeting sets forth a series of murders throughout the city . Meanwhile , Deputy Molly Solverson ( Tolman ) and Officer Gus Grimly ( Hanks ) of Duluth , Minnesota attempt to solve several crimes across the state they believe may be linked to Malvo and Nygaard . Filming of the first season began in Calgary , Alberta in late 2013 and concluded in 2014 . The first season received acclaim from critics , praising its writing , directing and the performances of Thornton , Tolman , Hanks and Freeman . The season won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries , along with Outstanding Directing and Outstanding Casting , as well as fifteen other nominations . It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards , winning Best Miniseries or Television Film and Best Actor -- Miniseries or Television Film for Thornton 's performance as Malvo ." }, { "docid": "Accused_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Accused is a British television anthology series created by Jimmy McGovern . The drama series first aired on 15 November 2010 on BBC One and has run for two series . Each episode follows a different character as they await their verdict in court , and tells the story behind how they find themselves accused . The series has featured actors and actresses such as Christopher Eccleston , Benjamin Smith , Juliet Stevenson , Andy Serkis , Marc Warren , Naomie Harris , Sean Bean and Anne-Marie Duff as the accused in each episode . The series follows previous drama series by McGovern , including anthology series The Street and Moving On . After the cancellation of The Street in 2009 by Granada Television , McGovern formed RSJ Films to produce independent drama programmes and consequently devised the Accused anthology series . Accused is written by McGovern , Danny Brocklehurst and Alice Nutter and is filmed in Manchester . In 2011 it won an International Emmy for best drama series ." }, { "docid": "Anthology_film", "title": "", "text": "An anthology film ( also known as an omnibus film , package film , or portmanteau film ) is a subgenre of films consisting of several different short films , often tied together by only a single theme , premise , or brief interlocking event ( often a turning point ) . Sometimes each one is directed by a different director . These differ from `` revue films '' such as Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) -- which were common in Hollywood in the early sound film era to show off their stars and related vaudeville-style acts -- composite films , and compilation films . Sometimes there is a theme , such as a place ( e.g. New York Stories , Paris , je t ` aime ) , a person ( e.g. Four Rooms ) , or a thing ( e.g. Twenty Bucks , Coffee and Cigarettes ) , that is present in each story and serves to bind them together . Two of the earliest films to use the form were Edmund Goulding 's Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , released by MGM with an all-star cast ; and Paramount 's If I Had a Million ( also 1932 ) , featuring segments helmed by a number of directors ." }, { "docid": "Kitni_Girhain_Baaki_Hain_(season_2)", "title": "", "text": "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain ( -LSB- , lit : How many knots are left to untie ? ) is a Pakistani drama series , airs on Hum TV . Created by Angeline Malik , the series is a sequel of the anthology series Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain ( 20112014 ) . It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story ." }, { "docid": "List_of_American_Horror_Story_episodes", "title": "", "text": "American Horror Story ( often abbreviated AHS ) is an American anthology horror television series created and produced by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk which premiered on October 5 , 2011 . Described as an anthology series , each season is conceived as a mostly self-contained miniseries , following a disparate set of characters and settings , and a storyline with its own `` beginning , middle , and end . '' In October 2016 , the series was renewed for a seventh season , to premiere in September 2017 . In January 2017 , the series was renewed for an eighth and ninth season ." }, { "docid": "The_Real_World:_Hollywood", "title": "", "text": "The Real World : Hollywood is the twentieth season of MTV 's reality television series The Real World , which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season , as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships . It is the fifth season of The Real World to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States , specifically in California , after The Real World : San Diego . The season features a total of nine cast members over the course of the season , as one cast member is evicted and replaced , and another is replaced after he voluntarily leaves the show . It is the only season to be set in the district of Hollywood and the second season to take place in a city that has hosted a previous season , as the show 's second season was set in Los Angeles in 1993 . This season also makes California the most commonly used state to be used as a setting for the series . Production started from August to December 2007 . The season premiered on April 16 , 2008 and consisted of 13 episodes . Comedian Andy Dick appears in Episode 3 , when the cast begins their work at the Hollywood comedy club iO WEST ." }, { "docid": "Real_World:_Ex-Plosion", "title": "", "text": "Real World : Ex-Plosion is the twenty-ninth season of MTV 's reality television series Real World , which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season , as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships . It is the eighth season of Real World to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States , specifically in California after The Real World : San Diego in 2011 . The season featured a total of twelve cast members over the course of the season . It is the seventh season to take place in a city that had hosted a previous season , as the show 's third season was set in San Francisco in 1994 . It is also the sixth season to be located in California . San Francisco , California was first reported as the location for the twenty-ninth season in an August 2013 article on the website Vevmo . Production began from late August until October 21 , 2013 , and the season later premiered on January 8 , 2014 , consisting of 12 episodes . After 21 years , this season marks the first big change in the show 's format . The cast narration `` This is the true story ... of seven strangers ... '' that was used during the previous 28 seasons was eliminated from the opening title sequence and replaced with a new introduction . The roommates move into their San Francisco home , make relationships with one another and also with the San Francisco locals . A month into the show , the cast goes on an off-the-grid vacation . When they return , they come to discover that many of their exes have moved in as additional roommates . The Exes were each misled by producers to believing that he or she would be a replacement roommate , unaware the other Exes would be moving in as well until move-in day ." }, { "docid": "Spirit_of_Television", "title": "", "text": "Spirit of Television is a syndicated American television anthology series that aired in 1993 . Each episode which feature a different show from the 1950s and early 1960s America as well as cast interviews , trivia , and the odd commercial of that time ." }, { "docid": "The_Flaxton_Boys", "title": "", "text": "The Flaxton Boys is a British historical children 's television series set in the West Riding of Yorkshire and covering a timespan of almost a century . The series was made by Yorkshire Television and was broadcast on ITV between 1969 and 1973 , running for 4 series and 52 episodes , each of 30 minutes duration . The Flaxton Boys had a number of completely different scriptwriters , was produced by Jess Yates and Robert D. Cardona , and directed mainly by Cardona ( 45 episodes ) . Each of the series was set in a different era , spanning the years 1854 to 1945 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_The_Wire_episodes", "title": "", "text": "The Wire , a television drama series created by David Simon , premiered on June 2 , 2002 on HBO in the United States and ended on March 9 , 2008 . 60 episodes aired over the show 's five seasons , plus three additional prequel shorts . Each episode has a running time of 55-60 minutes . The Wire is set in Baltimore , Maryland ; each season of the series expands its focus on a different part of the city . The show features a large ensemble cast ; many characters are only featured prominently in a single season . A group of characters , mainly in the Baltimore Police Department , appear in every season . The show is available on DVD in Region 1 , 2 and 4 ." }, { "docid": "The_Real_World:_Portland", "title": "", "text": "The Real World : Portland is the twenty-eighth season of MTV 's reality television series The Real World , which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season , as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships . It is the seventh season of The Real World to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States , specifically in Oregon , and is also the second season to be filmed in the Pacific Northwest after The Real World : Seattle . The season featured a total of eight cast members over the course of the season , as one cast member was replaced after she voluntarily left the show . Portland , Oregon was first reported as the location for the twenty-eighth season in a June 19 , 2012 article on the website Byronbeck.com . MTV Head of Programming David Janollari confirmed that Portland would be the location for the twenty-eighth season on August 3 , 2012 , at the annual Television Critics Association Press Tour . Production started from August 2 , 2012 and concluded on October 31 , 2012 . The season premiered on March 27 , 2013 , consisting of 12 episodes . Olympic snowboarder Danny Kass makes a guest appearance in Episode 5 . This is the last season of The Real World to use the cast narration `` This is the true story ... of seven strangers ... '' in the opening title sequence , before a new format was implemented beginning with the 29th season ." } ]
101824	An annual training camp is hosted by the Carolina Panthers.	[ { "docid": "Carolina_Panthers", "title": "", "text": "The Carolina Panthers are a professional American football team based in Charlotte , North Carolina . The Panthers compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) , as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) South division . The club is worth approximately US$ 1.56 billion , according to Forbes , and is controlled by founder Jerry Richardson and his family , who have a 48 percent stake ; the remainder of the team is held by a group of 14 limited partners . The team president is Danny Morrison , and the head coach is Ron Rivera . The Panthers were announced as the league 's 29th franchise in 1993 , and began play in 1995 . The Panthers played well in their first two years , finishing in 1995 ( an all-time best for an NFL expansion team 's first season ) and 12 -- 4 the following year , winning the NFC West before ultimately losing to the eventual Super Bowl champion Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game . They did not have another winning season until 2003 , when they won the NFC Championship Game and reached Super Bowl XXXVIII , losing 32 -- 29 to the New England Patriots . After recording playoff appearances in 2005 and 2008 , the team failed to record another playoff appearance until 2013 , the first of three consecutive NFC South titles . After losing in the divisional round to the San Francisco 49ers in 2013 and the Seattle Seahawks in 2014 , the Panthers finally returned to the Super Bowl in 2016 , but lost to the Denver Broncos . The Panthers have reached the playoffs seven times , advancing to four NFC Championship Games and two Super Bowls . They have won six division titles , one in the NFC West and five in the NFC South . The Carolina Panthers are legally registered as Panther Football , LLC . The team is headquartered in Bank of America Stadium in uptown Charlotte ; also the team 's home field . They are one of the few NFL teams to own the stadium they play in , which is legally registered as Panthers Stadium , LLC . The Panthers are supported throughout the Carolinas ; although the team has played its home games in Charlotte since 1996 , it played home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson , South Carolina during its first season . The team hosts its annual training camp at Wofford College in Spartanburg , South Carolina ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Bank_of_America_Stadium", "title": "", "text": "Bank of America Stadium is a 75,419-seat football stadium located on 33 acre in uptown Charlotte , North Carolina , United States . It is the home facility and headquarters of the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League . The stadium opened in 1996 as Ericsson Stadium before Bank of America purchased the naming rights in 2004 . In addition to the Panthers , the stadium hosts the annual Belk Bowl , which features teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) , and was supposed to host the annual ACC Championship Game through at least 2019 . The game was moved in 2016 but reinstated in 2017 . The largest crowd to ever attend a football game at the stadium was on December 5 , 2015 when 74,514 fans watched the Clemson Tigers defeat the North Carolina Tar Heels 45-37 in the 2015 ACC Championship Game . Former Panthers president Danny Morrison called it '' -LSB- A -RSB- classic American stadium '' due to its bowl design and other features ." }, { "docid": "Sports_in_Charlotte,_North_Carolina", "title": "", "text": "Sports in Charlotte , North Carolina have a long and varied history . The city is home to teams at nearly every level of American sports including the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association . In addition to serving as the home base for several teams the city plays host to many events of national and international importance including the longest race in NASCAR , the annual Coca-Cola 600 and golf 's Wells Fargo Championship ." }, { "docid": "Danny_Morrison_(sports_executive)", "title": "", "text": "Danny Morrison was the president of the Carolina Panthers and has worked extensively in college sports administration . Morrison was the athletic director at Wofford College from 1985 to 1997 and a senior vice president until 2001 . As a student he played basketball for the Terriers . It was during this time the Panthers began holding training camp there . He served as commissioner of the Southern Conference from 2001 to 2005 . From 2005 until September 2009 , he was the athletic director of Texas Christian University . He was named president of the Panthers in September 2008 , replacing Mark Richardson , son of owner , Jerry Richardson . Morrison resigned from his position on February 9 , 2017 , stating `` there are other endeavors , particularly on the college level , that interest me as a final chapter in my career . ''" }, { "docid": "Doug_Hogue", "title": "", "text": "Doug Hogue ( born February 1 , 1989 ) is a former American football linebacker who most recently played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League . Hogue played college football at Syracuse . He was originally drafted by the Detroit Lions in the fifth round of the 2011 NFL Draft , where he spent his rookie season , primarily playing special teams . After Week 7 of the 2012 season , Hogue was waived by the Lions and subsequently claimed by the Carolina Panthers . He attended the Panthers ' training camp in 2013 , but was released during final cuts . He was later signed by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers on January 17 , 2014 , but was cut April 17 during training camp . Hogue 's younger brother , Dustin , is a professional basketball player . He played forward on the Iowa State basketball team . In 2014-2015 season he played on Nea Kifissia B.C. team , resulting the leader in rebounds in the Greek Basket League . Now he plays on Aquila Basket Trento team in the Italian first division . Hogue and current live-in girlfriend Maréva Bordenave welcomed a baby girl on January 31 , 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Camp_Peary", "title": "", "text": "Camp Peary is an approximately 9,000 acre U.S. military reservation in York County near Williamsburg , Virginia . Officially referred to as an Armed Forces Experimental Training Activity ( AFETA ) under the authority of the Department of Defense , Camp Peary hosts a covert CIA training facility known as `` The Farm '' , which is used to train officers of the CIA 's Directorate of Operations , as well as those of the DIA 's Defense Clandestine Service , among other intelligence entities . Camp Peary has a sister facility , `` The Point '' , located in Hertford , North Carolina . Porto Bello , the historic hunting lodge of Lord Dunmore , last royal governor of Virginia , is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is located on the grounds of Camp Peary ." }, { "docid": "Camp_Ripley", "title": "", "text": "Camp Ripley is a 53000 acre military and civilian training facility operated by the Minnesota National Guard located near the city of Little Falls in the central part of the state . The location of the camp was selected in 1929 by Ellard A. Walsh , Adjutant General of the State of Minnesota . The site 's winter warfare training course is the primary facility used by the National Guard for winter combat exercises . Camp Ripley also hosts the training academy for the Minnesota State Patrol and is a popular site for athletes training to compete in winter biathlons . Most Minnesota Guard soldiers train at Camp Ripley during two-week annual training periods . The camp is a state game refuge with resources managed cooperatively by the Department of Military Affairs and Department of Natural Resources . It also houses the Minnesota Military Museum , a museum that is open for the public and military personnel . Also on the grounds is the site of Fort Ripley , a military post established in 1848 -- the second ever built in Minnesota -- to keep the peace among the Dakota , Ojibwe , and Ho-Chunk people ." }, { "docid": "22nd_Midsouth_Emmy_Awards", "title": "", "text": "The winners of the 22nd Annual Midsouth Emmy Awards were announced in a live television broadcast on January 26 , 2008 . The live telecast was hosted by Mick Mixon , who is the `` Voice of the Carolina Panthers '' , and Pete Weber , who is the `` Voice of the Nashville Predators '' . The awards were broadcast live from the Schermerhorn Symphony Center in Nashville , Tennessee ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Carolina_Panthers_Pro_Bowl_selections", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of Carolina Panthers players who were elected to the Pro Bowl , the annual all-star game of the NFL . Pro Bowl rosters are determined by a combination of fan , player , and coach voting . In 2015 , the Panthers had a franchise record 10 players selected to the Pro Bowl . The year indicates the season for which the player was elected , not the year in which the game was played ." }, { "docid": "Ahmad_Miller", "title": "", "text": "Ahmad Rasheed Miller ( born April 10 , 1978 ) is a former American football defensive tackle . He was chosen with the final pick in the 2002 NFL Draft , giving him the nickname Mr. Irrelevant . After being drafted by the Houston Texans , he went through training camp but was cut prior to their final preseason game . He then signed on to the New York Giants . Injured in second preseason game against Carolina Panthers . Injury settlement with team ." }, { "docid": "Devin_Moore_(American_football)", "title": "", "text": "Devin Moore ( born November 6 , 1985 ) is an American football running back who is currently a free agent . He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2009 . He played college football at Wyoming . Moore has also been a member of the Carolina Panthers and Indianapolis Colts . Moore was most recently a member of the Detroit Lions , but was cut before training camp . In 2004 , Moore graduated from Cardinal Ritter High School in Indianapolis , Indiana ." }, { "docid": "ISU_World_Development_Trophy_Short_Track_Speed_Skating", "title": "", "text": "The ISU World Development Trophy for Short Track Speed Skating is an annual event organised by the International Skating Union ( ISU ) and is hosted by a variety of other skating unions around the world . The main initiative of this annual event is to allow `` young skaters to participate in the training and experience the atmosphere of an official international competition '' . The event was first hosted by Singapore in 2013 , which consisted of a 5-day training camp and included theoretical courses and one day of competition . More than 40 skaters from a variety of different countries such as Argentina , South Africa , North Korea , Malaysia , Mongolia , India , Thailand , Uzbekistan and Singapore participated in the first event . The age categories , regulations and distances were hosted under ISU guidelines . The Trophy is the first ISU event series to feature skaters under the age of 14 . Distances include 500m , 1000m and 2000m relays for respective age categories . Other ISU world Development Trophy 's are also annually hosted for Speed Skating and Figure Skating ." }, { "docid": "Gilwell_Ada's_Hoeve", "title": "", "text": "Gilwell Ada 's Hoeve is one of the oldest Dutch national Scouting campsites , and from July 1923 until the 1960s hosted the Wood Badge trainings for Scouting leadership in the Netherlands . The site was founded as a Scouting campsite in 1923 by Philip baron van Pallandt on his Eerde Estate in Ommen . One of the largest Dutch sites of Scouting Nederland , it covers 45 hectares , and has 25 camping fields and other accommodation , hosting approximately 10,000 camping nights annually ." }, { "docid": "Donald_Hayes", "title": "", "text": "For Admiral Donald Hayes of the Robotech series , Donald Hayes ( Robotech ) . Donald Ross Hayes , Jr. ( born July 13 , 1975 in Century , Florida ) is a former American football wide receiver for the Carolina Panthers and New England Patriots of the National Football League . Hayes played college football at Wisconsin . In 2003 , Hayes signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars but was released following the preseason . On May 31 , 2006 , Hayes signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League and participated in their pre-season training camp . He was cut by the team on June 10 , 2006 ." }, { "docid": "Tom_Nelson_(American_football)", "title": "", "text": "Tom Nelson ( born December 4 , 1986 ) is an American football Wide Receiver and former free safety who is currently a free agent . He was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2009 . In 2011 , he played for the Philadelphia Eagles , in 2013 , played for the Chicago Bears , and in 2014 , played for the Carolina Panthers . He played college football at Illinois State . He recently in 2015 was signed and cut by the Ravens pre-season roster . Tom now owns a football camp and training for people of all ages ." }, { "docid": "Hannibal_Navies", "title": "", "text": "Hannibal Navies ( born July 19 , 1977 in Oakland , California ) is a former American football player in the NFL . Hannibal was a third team All Big 12 selection at the University of Colorado and earned the team 's defensive player of the year award after starting every game at linebacker . He was drafted in the 1999 NFL Draft by the Carolina Panthers , then played for the Green Bay Packers . In 2005 , he signed with the Cincinnati Bengals where he started 15 games . Navies was cut in training camp a year later . He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers on November 22 , 2006 , but was cut to make room for Zak Keasey in 2007 . Hannibal is an alumnus of Berkeley High School in Berkeley , California , and runs a football camp called 360 Football Academy that prepares students to become collegiate scholar athletes ." }, { "docid": "The_Q_Centre", "title": "", "text": "The Q Centre ( formerly Bear Mountain Arena ) is in Colwood , British Columbia , Canada . In 2014 , the arena was named `` The Q Centre '' after local radio station CKKQ-FM . The arena opened in February 2004 , has 2,300 seats and houses year-round events for hockey and lacrosse . With an additional floor capacity of 860 people and standing room area for up to 480 , this premier spectator facility can hold any type of event , from trade shows to major sporting and entertainment events . The arena is hockey home of the BCHL Victoria Grizzlies . It was the home of the Victoria Salmon Kings for the 2004 -- 05 ECHL season while their future home , the Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre was being built . In the summer months The Q serves as home to the WLA Victoria Shamrocks , Victoria Wolves of the West Coast Senior Lacrosse Association and Westshore Bears of the Pacific Northwest Junior Lacrosse League . The venue has also hosted BCLA provincial box lacrosse championships . The venue has hosted one of the biggest World Curling Tour events , the Bear Mountain Arena Curling Classic , annually since 2006 . It also played host to the training camps of the Vancouver Canucks in September 2007 and the Tampa Bay Lightning in 2008 . The Q Centre was awarded an NHL pre-season game between the Vancouver Canucks vs San Jose Sharks . This occurred after the Panorama Recreation Centre , in North Saanich , home of the Peninsula Panthers won the 2015 Kraft Hockeyville Grand Prize ." }, { "docid": "Camp_Shelby", "title": "", "text": "Camp Shelby is a military post whose North Gate is located at the southern boundary of Hattiesburg , Mississippi , on United States Highway 49 . It is the largest state-owned training site in the nation . During wartime , the camp 's mission is to serve as a major independent mobilization station of the United States Army Forces Command ( FORSCOM ) . Camp Shelby Joint Forces Training Center is the largest reserve component training site , covering 136000 acre , allowing up to battalion-level maneuver training , Gunnery Table 8-12 , field artillery firing points and a wide range of support facilities . This is the normal Annual Training location for National Guard and Reserve units located in Mississippi , Alabama , and Tennessee . However , units from across the country use its assets to support a variety of missions . The 2nd Battalion , 114th Field Artillery conducts its gunnery training and has the bulk of its combat equipment stored in the Mobilization and Annual Training Equipment Site ( MATES ) located there . Camp Shelby Joint Forces Training Center ( CSJFTC ) , encompassing over 525 square kilometers , is located in portions of Perry and Forrest Counties , in south Mississippi . The training center was established during World War I and it has served almost continuously since then as a training site , not only for the Reserve Components of the Army , but also for the Active Components of the Army , Navy , Marine Corps , and Air Force . The training site consists of a mix of State , Department of Defense , and U.S. Forest Service lands in the DeSoto National Forest . Encompassing more than 134820 acre , Camp Shelby , Mississippi is the largest state-owned and operated field training center in the United States . It is a training ground for the Abrams M1 Tank , Paladin Howitzers and home to the 3rd Brigade 87th Division Training Support . Camp Shelby serves as a training site for National Guardsmen and Reservists from throughout the country hosting as many as 100,000 personnel annually . Camp Shelby was established in 1917 . The post was named in honor of Isaac Shelby , Indian fighter , Revolutionary War hero and 1st Governor of Kentucky , by the first troops to train here , the 38th Division . In 1934 , the State of Mississippi acquired the site for use as a summer camp by the National Guard . Because of Camp Shelby 's natural advantages of climate , terrain and location , it was reopened in 1940 as a federal installation . Some of the divisions that have trained in Mississippi include the 31st , 37th , 38th , 43rd , 63rd , 65th , 69th , 85th , 94th , and the 99th Divisions . The famous Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team and the 100th Battalion trained here in preparation for World War II ( See the 1951 movie Go For Broke ! and the 2006 movie Only the Brave ) . Women 's Army Corps ( WAC ) units also trained here . The post contained a large convalescent hospital and had a prisoner of war camp which housed soldiers of the famous German Afrika Corps . Camp Shelby is also home to the Mississippi Armed Forces Museum . The history of Camp Shelby is significant part of the museum 's collection . The post closed shortly after the end of World War II . During the Korean War , Camp Shelby was established as an emergency railhead facility . In the summer of 1954 , non-divisional National Guard units trained at Camp Shelby and in 1956 , it was designated a permanent training site by Continental Army Command ( now FORSCOM ) . Over 5,000 troops were processed through Camp Shelby during Desert Storm operations . The 199th Light Infantry Brigade trained at Camp Shelby from September to November 1966 in preparation for deployment to Vietnam from Fort Benning Georgia . The 199th was the only combat unit to train at Camp Shelby during the Vietnam War . Camp Shelby was federalized as a FORSCOM Mobilization Center on June 6 , 2004 . Since then , several Regimental or Brigade Combat Teams have mobilized through Camp Shelby including the 278th Armored Cavalry Regiment ( Tennessee Army National Guard ) ; the 155th Heavy Brigade Combat Team ( MS ARNG ) ; the 2nd Brigade Combat Team , 28th Infantry Division ( PA ARNG ) ; the 56th Stryker Brigade Combat Team , 28th Infantry Division ( PA ARNG ) ; the 53rd Brigade Combat Team ( FL ARNG ) ; the 1st Brigade Combat Team , 34th Infantry Division ( MN ARNG ) ; the 41st Brigade Combat Team ( OR ARNG ) ; the 256th Infantry Brigade Combat Team ( LA ARNG ) ; the 116th Cavalry Brigade Combat Team ( ID ARNG ) , the 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team ( NY ARNG ) , and the 48th Infantry Brigade Combat Team ( GA ARNG ) . U.S. Navy Seabee units homeported or mobilized from the Naval Construction Battalion Center in Gulfport , Mississippi utilize Camp Shelby as the site for their Field Training Exercises ( FTX ) . Camp Shelby is also home to the Youth Challenge Academy ( a military structured GED and State High School diploma program established in 1994 to aid Mississippi High school dropouts , ages 16 to 18 , designed and operated by the National Guard Bureau ) . In mid-2007 , the Air National Guard opened a new combat training runway at Camp Shelby . The 210 acre Shelby Auxiliary Field One is one of only two facilities in the world designed for C-17 Globemaster III short-field landing training . It was constructed to meet Air Force C-17 training requirements . Contingency Operating Location 3 at Camp Shelby is used for Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps field training ." }, { "docid": "Camp_Scott_(Pennsylvania)", "title": "", "text": "Camp Scott was a recruiting and training base in York , Pennsylvania , for newly raised regiments in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Following the secession of several southern states and the bombardment of Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861 , President Abraham Lincoln called for volunteers to crush what he perceived was open rebellion . In response to this summons to arms , eager volunteers throughout the North flocked to recruiting stations in larger towns to enlist in the military , many in regiments that were originally intended to serve only for three months . Many believed that would be the maximum amount of time it would take before the Confederacy collapsed . The country was unprepared for the onslaught of volunteers , and the U.S. Army hastily began establishing training sites where these new recruits could be organized into formal units and subsequently trained in military tactics and drills . A wide series of regional camps and bases were established across the North . One such camp was located immediately east of downtown York , a center of commerce and transportation for south-central Pennsylvania . The York Agricultural Society allowed the army to use its fairgrounds as the new base , which was named Camp Scott in honor of General Winfield Scott . Dozens of new regiments arrived over the first few months for training before moving further southward to their field assignments . At its peak in late May 1861 , the camp held between 6,000 and 7,000 new soldiers . As the war progressed , Camp Scott was renamed Camp Franklin in honor of York native William B. Franklin , a prominent corps commander in the Army of the Potomac . During the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign , Camp Franklin was occupied for two days by a Confederate brigade under Colonel Isaac E. Avery . Following the war , the camp was decommissioned and the grounds restored to the Agricultural Society for the resumption of their annual fairs . Eventually the fair moved to a new location west of York , and the site of Camp Scott was swallowed up in urban expansion ." }, { "docid": "Wofford_Terriers", "title": "", "text": "Wofford College sponsors 18 sports for men 's and women 's programs , competing as the Terriers . The Terriers compete in the Southern Conference , and have been a part of the league since the 1997 -- 98 academic year . Wofford and the other SoCon members play football in the Football Championship Subdivision . Prior to the 1995 -- 96 year , the Terriers played in Division II in all sports , and until the 1988 -- 89 period , Wofford 's athletic teams were members of the NAIA . The football team plays in Gibbs Stadium . The basketball team plays in Benjamin Johnson Arena . The Wofford campus is also the site of the training camp of the NFL 's Carolina Panthers , whose owner , Jerry Richardson , is a Wofford alumnus ." }, { "docid": "Camp_Smith_(New_York)", "title": "", "text": "Camp Smith is a military installation of the New York Army National Guard in Cortlandt Manor near Peekskill , NY , about 30 mi north of New York City , at the northern border of Westchester County , and consists of 1900 acre . Established in 1882 by General Frederick Townsend , Adjutant General of New York , it was formerly known as `` Camp Townsend '' , but was renamed in 1919 to `` Camp Smith '' for Governor Alfred E. Smith of New York . The camp has been used as an annual training site for National Guard regiments since its establishment , and recently has served as the home of the Empire State Military Academy , as well as the state 's Non-Com and Officer Candidate School . It also hosts some other units ( e.g. 42nd Infantry Division Band , 138th Chaplain Support Team ) ." }, { "docid": "Sports_in_South_Carolina", "title": "", "text": "Although there are no major league professional franchises based in South Carolina , the state does have numerous minor league teams . Several `` Carolina '' major league pro teams representing both North Carolina and South Carolina are based in neighboring North Carolina . The Carolina Panthers , the professional American football team of the National Football League based in Charlotte , North Carolina , has training facilities in South Carolina . College teams also represent their particular South Carolina institution and the state is a prime destination for golf and water sports as well ." }, { "docid": "Panther_Lake_Camping_Resort", "title": "", "text": "Panther Lake Camping Resort is a camping resort in Northern New Jersey . The resort has a 45-acre lake on 160 acres . Panther Lake Camping Resort is 50 miles away from New York City . Panther Lake offers four options : Cabins , Trailers , people who tent and RV 's . Panther Lake Camping Resort has a beach right on the lake , and also has a pool and a hot tub . Guests are allowed to boat , fish , swim , hike , kayak and canoe . The park offers tennis courts , volleyball , soccer field , basketball court , miniature golf course , horseshoes , shuffleboard , and a playground . They provide free cable TV throughout the campground , and Wifi at the pavilion . Most weekends there are planned events in the pavilion . They also have a camp store . The speed limit within the campground is 10 MPH ." }, { "docid": "USA_Baseball_National_Training_Complex", "title": "", "text": "The USA Baseball National Training Complex is located in western Cary , North Carolina , off of Green Hope School Road . The Town of Cary was selected to be the new home of USA Baseball in 2002 . It is home to the St. Augustine 's College Falcons baseball teams and was also the home of the North Carolina Tar Heels in 2008 . Every June it hosts the annual Tournament of Stars , which features the top high-school talent in the nation . USA Baseball 's college national team and several other teams use the complex for games and practice . Beginning in 2009 , the complex was selected to host the NCAA Division II College World Series . The National Training Complex has four baseball fields ( one Stadium Field and 3 Training Fields ) , with dimensions of 330 feet down the lines , 400 feet in center . All fields are maintained at Major League Baseball standards . Each training field has an individual scorekeeper/announcer shelter and spectator seating for 120 people . The Stadium Field has a press box that includes two suites , official scorer 's room , a sound room and press row . The Stadium has spectator seating for 1,754 people , including handicapped-accessible seating , and additional grass seating for approximately 250 people . USA Baseball National Training Complex was built in a partnership between the Town of Cary and USA Baseball . USA Baseball has been located at the Durham Athletic Park since moving from Tucson , Arizona , in January 2003 ." }, { "docid": "Al_Sadeeq_training_camp", "title": "", "text": "The Al-Sadeeq training camp is one of the training camps in Afghanistan , near Khost , that American intelligence officials have asserted were used to train individuals with ties to al Qaeda or the Taliban . Salah Muhammad Salih Al Dhabi was accused of attending the Al-Sadeeq training camp , in the factors favoring continued detention , presented to his Administrative Review Board . Al Dhabi said he did not complete his training program , stating he attended the camp , for a week , in 1997 . Juma Mohammed Abdul Latif Al Dossary faced the allegation that he attended a camp called the al-Siddeek training camp in Khost . Juma al Dosari 's testimony before his first annual Administrative Review Board addressed this allegation . Al Dosari acknowledged attending the Siddeek camp . He testified he attended the camp in 1989 or 1990 , when he was sixteen years old . He acknowledged that he received training on the Kalashnikov and exercise . He testified that he was sent by the Saudi government . He testified that :" }, { "docid": "Jihad_Wahl_training_camp", "title": "", "text": "The Jihad Wahl training camp was an alleged al Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan . Prior to 1996 , Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri , Mohammed Atef and Yaseen al-Iraqi aided Enaam Arnaout in purchasing AK-47s and mortar rounds from a Pashtun tribesman named Hajjji Ayoub , and they were subsequently delivered in large trucks to the Jawr and Jihad Wahl training camps . Allegations prepared for Salem Abdul Salem Ghereby 's Combatant Status Review Tribunal and first and second annual Administrative Review Board hearings stated he attended the Jihad Wahl camp in 1996 : Hassan Mohammed Ali Bin Attash , also known as Hassan Mohammed Salih Bin Attash . faced allegations during his first and second annual Administrative Review Board hearings that he also attended bomb-making course at the Jiwad Wahl camp , in 1997 , when he was about twelve years old . Ahmed al-Darbi was also accused of attending the same camp . Abu Jaffar el Masry , Haydar Dosari and Salem el-Masri taught the proper use of explosives at the camp . In 2007 Mohammed Soliman Barre had his continued detention justified , in part , based on the allegation : `` The detainee was identified as being selected by al Qaida for more advanced training and specialized coursework at the Jihad Wal Camp , courses usually reserved only for sworn al Qaida members . '' ." }, { "docid": "Hagan_Stone_Park", "title": "", "text": "Hagan-Stone Park is a 409 acre wildlife refuge and family campground owned and operated by Guilford County , North Carolina located on Hagan Stone Park Road off U.S. Highway 421 . It is open daily 8 am to sunset , weather permitting . The park has several lakes , camp shelters with charcoal grills , and playgrounds . The park is the home of the Greensboro Invitational Cross Country Meet hosted annually in September by the Greensboro Pacesetters for high school and college athletes ." }, { "docid": "Marty_Hurney", "title": "", "text": "Marty Hurney is the former General Manager of the Carolina Panthers . Hurney grew up in Wheaton , Maryland , and attended Good Counsel High School and Catholic University in Washington , D.C. Before coming to the Panthers in 1998 , he served in the front office of the San Diego Chargers as General Manager Bobby Beathard 's right-hand man . A journalist by trade , he first began in football in the Washington Redskins public relations department when owner Jack Kent Cooke asked him to join the team . After the Panthers began the 2012 season with a 1 -- 5 record , Hurney was fired by the Panthers on October 22 , 2012 . Many of the best players on the 2015 Panthers team that won the NFC Championship were drafted by Hurney , including Cam Newton , Luke Kuechly , and Thomas Davis . Hurney still works in Charlotte , NC as a radio personality on ESPN 730 radio , with fellow host Al Gardner ." }, { "docid": "Eugene_Baker", "title": "", "text": "Eugene Keith Baker ( born March 18 , 1976 ) is a former American football wide receiver who was drafted from Kent State University in the 1999 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons . He spent four seasons with the Falcons on their active roster and practice squad . He also spent time on the practice squads of the Buffalo Bills and the St. Louis Rams before signing with the Carolina Panthers in 2003 . He was in the New England Patriots preseason training camp last year , but was released before the regular season . Eugene was also allocated to play in NFL Europe , playing wide receiver for the Berlin Thunder . Baker is listed at 6 ft 1 in . and 167 pounds . Eugene Baker is an alumnus of Shady Side Academy , an independent private K-12 school in Pittsburgh . At Shady Side Academy , he lettered four times in football and three times in both baseball and basketball . The Pittsburgh Steelers signed Baker to a one-year deal on April 6 , 2006 , but was released on August 14 of that year . On February 16 , 2007 , Baker signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League . Baker was a subsequent training camp cut on June 18 , 2007 . On June 3 , 2008 , he joined the Erie RiverRats of the AIFA . On February 16 , 2009 , he signed with the Wheeling Wildcats of the CIFL . On February 17 , 2010 , he was welcomed back to Kent State University as an assistant coach under head coach Doug Martin ." }, { "docid": "Camp_Roberts,_California", "title": "", "text": "Camp Roberts is a California National Guard post in central California , located on both sides of the Salinas River in Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties , now run by the California Army National Guard . It is named after Harold W. Roberts , a World War I Medal of Honor recipient . Nearby communities include San Miguel , Heritage Ranch ( Lake Nacimiento ) , Oak Shores ( Lake Nacimiento ) , and Bradley , all unincorporated . The nearest incorporated city is Paso Robles . Camp Roberts is adjacent to Fort Hunter Liggett . Camp Roberts is host to annual training for California Army National Guard units and the British Army . As of 2014 , Camp Roberts is undergoing major renovations , including demolition of World War II-era barracks . Demolition of the World War II-era structures facing US Route 101 began in 2012 . To contain the hazardous materials from the demolished barracks , a large hazardous waste landfill was created ." }, { "docid": "Mariam_Cannon_Hayes_School_of_Music", "title": "", "text": "The Mariam Cannon Hayes School of Music is part of Appalachian State University and is one of the premier public music schools in the eastern United States . A fully accredited member of the National Association of Schools of Music , the Hayes School of Music offers undergraduate programs in music education , music performance , theory/composition , sacred music performance , music therapy , and music industry studies as well as Master of Music degrees in performance , music education , and music therapy . Particularly distinguished for its music performance , music education , and music therapy programs , the Hayes School of Music draws students and faculty from across the United States and the world . Through summer workshops and specialized course offerings ( e.g. the North Carolina Summer Institute of Choral Arts ) , the Hayes School of Music is engaged in year-round activities . In addition , the school also sponsors the Cannon Music Camp , an annual comprehensive summer music camp that trains younger , high-school-age musicians , during which the North Carolina Symphony is in residence ." } ]
210075	Ronaldo Maczinski is Irish.	[ { "docid": "Ronaldo_Maczinski", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Maczinski ( born 11 September 1980 ) , known as Ronaldo , is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward ; he had a lengthy career in Portuguese football ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Ronaldo", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo is the Portuguese , Italian and Spanish equivalent of the English , Scottish , French , German , Dutch , Swedish , and Hungarian name Ronald . Famous people known as Ronaldo include : Ronaldo ( Brazilian footballer ) ( born 1976 ) , Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima Cristiano Ronaldo ( born 1985 ) , Portuguese international footballer Ronaldo de Assis Moreira ( born 1980 ) , Brazilian international footballer , most commonly as Ronaldinho Ronaldo Guiaro ( born 1974 ) , Brazilian international footballer Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus ( born 1965 ) , Brazilian international footballer Ronaldo Maczinski ( born 1980 ) , Brazilian footballer Ronaldo Soares Giovanelli ( born 1967 ) , Brazilian footballer Ronaldo Puno , Philippine campaign manager" }, { "docid": "Ronaldinho_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldinho , or Ronaldo de Assis Moreira ( born 1980 ) , is a Brazilian football player . Ronaldinho , a diminutive form of the given name Ronaldo , can also refer to : Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima ( born 1976 ) , better known as Ronaldo , also known as Ronaldinho before 1997 to differentiate between himself and Ronaldo Guiaro Ronaldinho Gomes , Santomean footballer" }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Conceição", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Conceição Silveira , usually known as Ronaldo or Ronaldo Conceição ( born 3 April 1987 ) , is a Brazilian football defender . He currently plays for Peñarol ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Mendes", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo César Mendes de Medeiros ( born 16 August 1992 ) , known as Ronaldo Mendes or simply Ronaldo , is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Emirati club Al Wasl as an attacking midfielder ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Rodrigues_de_Jesus", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus ( born 19 June 1965 in São Paulo , Brazil ) is a Brazilian former footballer , better known on the football pitch as Ronaldo , or Ronaldão ( big Ronaldo ) , to differentiate him from his younger compatriot and team-mate , also dubbed Ronaldo , who was initially nicknamed Ronaldinho ( little Ronaldo ) , a nickname later adpoted by footballer Ronaldinho Gaúcho . A former defender , Ronaldão played 14 matches in the Seleção ( Brazil national football team ) between 1991 -- 1995 , scored two goals , and won the 1994 FIFA World Cup with the Brazilian national side , although he did not take part in any games . He was also successful for his club sides , winning numerous trophies ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Vieira", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Vieira may refer to Ronaldo Vieira ( Brazilian footballer ) ( born 1990 ) , footballer currently playing for the Fort Lauderdale Strikers Ronaldo Vieira ( Bissau-Guinean footballer ) ( born 1998 ) , footballer currently playing for Leeds United" }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_(Brazilian_footballer)", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima ( -LSB- ʁoˈnawðu ˈlwiʒ nɐˈzaɾju dʒ ˈɫĩmɐ -RSB- ; born 18 September 1976 ) , commonly known as Ronaldo , is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a striker . Popularly dubbed `` The Phenomenon , '' he is widely considered to be one of the greatest football players of all time . A three-time FIFA World Player of the Year and two-time Ballon d'Or recipient , Ronaldo , in his 1990s prime , was known for his dribbling at speed , feints and clinical finishing . He was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the greatest living players compiled in 2004 , and was inducted into the Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame and the Italian Football Hall of Fame . Ronaldo played for Brazil in 98 matches , scoring 62 goals , and is the second-highest goalscorer for his national team , trailing only Pelé . At age 17 , Ronaldo was the youngest member of the Brazilian squad that won the 1994 FIFA World Cup . At the 1998 World Cup , he received the Golden Ball for player of the tournament in helping Brazil reach the final where he suffered a convulsive fit hours before the defeat to France . He won a second World Cup in 2002 where he starred in a front three with Ronaldinho and Rivaldo . Ronaldo scored twice in the final , and received the Golden Boot as tournament 's top goalscorer . During the 2006 FIFA World Cup , Ronaldo scored his 15th World Cup goal , which was a World Cup record at the time . At his physical peak in the 1990s , Ronaldo starred at club level for Cruzeiro , PSV , Barcelona and Inter Milan . His moves to Spain and Italy made him only the second player , after Diego Maradona , to break the world transfer record twice , all before his 21st birthday . At age 23 , he had scored over 200 goals for club and country . After almost three years of inactivity due to serious knee injuries and recuperation , Ronaldo joined Real Madrid in 2002 , which was followed by spells at A.C. Milan and Corinthians . Having suffered further injuries , Ronaldo retired from professional football in 2011 . Post-retirement , he has continued his work as a United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador , a position to which he was appointed in 2000 . He served as an ambassador for the 2014 FIFA World Cup ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_V-Football", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo V-Football , intended to be known as Ronaldo V-Soccer in the United States until it was cancelled , is a video game developed by PAM Development and published by Infogrames . It was originally released in 2000 for the PlayStation and Game Boy Color . The game was endorsed by the Brazilian footballer Ronaldo , at the time one of the highest-renowned players in the world . It is the only game exclusively endorsed by him ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Aparecido_Viana", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Aparecido Viana , known as Ronaldo Viana ( born 7 January 1979 ) is a Brazilian football midfielder ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Guiaro", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Guiaro ( born 18 February 1974 ) , known as Ronaldo , is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a central defender ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Tres", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Tres or simply Ronaldo ( born February 13 , 1987 in Rodeio Bonito ) , is a Brazilian defensive midfielder . He currently plays for Figueirense ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Alves", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Luiz Alves ( born July 9 , 1989 in Bebedouro ) , known as Ronaldo Alves , is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Náutico , as a central defender ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Henrique", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Henrique da Silva , simply known as Ronaldo , ( born 27 June 1994 ) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Sport Recife as an midfielder ." }, { "docid": "Messi–Ronaldo_rivalry", "title": "", "text": "The Messi -- Ronaldo rivalry is a supposed association football rivalry between Argentine forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo . Having won a combined nine FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , both Messi and Ronaldo are widely regarded as the two best players of their generation , as well as being among the best of all time in the sport . Both players have scored in two UEFA Champions League finals , have regularly broken the 50 goal barrier in a single season , and have scored over 500 goals each in their careers for club and country . They are also the only two players to score seven UEFA Champions League hat-tricks . Sports journalists and pundits regularly argue the individual merits of both players in an attempt to establish who they believe is the best player in modern football . It has been compared to past global sports rivalries such as the Muhammad Ali -- Joe Frazier rivalry in boxing , the Björn Borg -- John McEnroe rivalry in tennis , and the Ayrton Senna -- Alain Prost rivalry in Formula One motor racing . In a 2012 interview , Ronaldo commented on the rivalry , saying `` I think we push each other sometimes in the competition , this is why the competition is so high '' , while Ronaldo 's manager during his time at Manchester United , Alex Ferguson , opined that `` I do n't think the rivalry against each other bothers them . I think they have their own personal pride in terms of wanting to be the best '' . Messi himself denied any rivalry , saying that it was `` only the media , the press , who wants us to be at loggerheads but I 've never fought with Cristiano '' . In response to the claims that he and Messi do not get on well on a personal level , Ronaldo commented ; `` We do n't have a relationship outside the world of football , just as we do n't with a lot of other players '' , before adding that in years to come he hopes they can laugh about it together , stating ; `` We have to look on this rivalry with a positive spirit , because it 's a good thing . '' Some commentators choose to analyse the differing physiques and playing styles of the two , while part of the debate revolves around the contrasting personalities of the two players : Ronaldo is sometimes depicted as an arrogant and theatrical showoff , while Messi is portrayed as a shy , humble character . When asked which he preferred , then FIFA president Sepp Blatter commented that Messi will `` always get a lot of votes because he plays well and scores goals '' before saying that Ronaldo `` is like a commander on the field of play . This is the other side of football and it 's good to have commanders on the field . They do n't have the same attitude and that gives life to football . One has more expenses for the hairdresser than the other but that does n't matter . I ca n't say who is the best . I like both of them , but I prefer Messi . '' At club level , with Messi and Ronaldo representing rivals Barcelona and Real Madrid , the two players face each other at least twice every season in the world 's most popular regular-season club game , El Clásico , which had a global audience of 400 million viewers in March 2014 . Off the field , they are the face of two rival sportswear manufacturers , Messi of Adidas and Ronaldo of Nike , which are also the respective kit suppliers of their national teams and the opposite for their clubs . The two highest paid players in football , Ronaldo and Messi are among the world 's best paid sports stars : in combined income from salaries , bonuses and off-field earnings in 2016 , Ronaldo was first earning $ 88 million , and Messi was second with $ 81.4 million . They have the two biggest social media followings in the world among sportspeople with a combined 200 million Facebook fans by July 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo is a 2015 British documentary film directed by Anthony Wonke . It follows the life and career of Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo , who currently plays for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team . The film was released worldwide on 9 November 2015 . A trailer for the film was released on 28 September 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Marques_Sereno", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Marques Sereno , also known as Ronaldo ( born March 14 , 1962 , is a former Brazilian footballer who played as a forward . He was ㅁ member of squad of 1981 FIFA World Youth Championship He played for Ulsan Hyundai of the South Korean K League , then known as Hyundai Horangi ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Pompeu", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Pompeu da Silva ( born 8 April 1990 ) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder of Serie B club Salernitana , on loan from S.S. Lazio . In January 2016 Ronaldo was signed by Lazio . However , he was immediately left for sister club Salernitana . The loan was renewed on 31 August ." }, { "docid": "Cristiano_Ronaldo", "title": "", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro , ( -LSB- kɾiʃ ` tjɐnu ʁuˈnaɫdu -RSB- , born 5 February 1985 ) is a Portuguese professional footballer for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team . He primarily plays as a forward , but has also been deployed as a winger and serves as captain for Portugal . In 2008 , he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards . Ronaldo then won the FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2013 and 2014 . In 2016 , he received his fourth Ballon d'Or , the most for a European player in the history of the award , and the inaugural Best FIFA Men 's Player . In 2015 , Ronaldo scored his 500th senior career goal for club and country . Two years later , he surpassed Jimmy Greaves as the all-time top-scorer in the top five European leagues . Often ranked the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest of all time , Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation , during its 100th anniversary celebrations in 2015 . He was the first player to win four European Golden Shoe awards . One of the most marketable athletes in sport , in 2016 Forbes named Ronaldo the world 's best paid athlete . ESPN ranked him the world 's most famous athlete in 2016 and 2017 . Ronaldo began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP , before signing with Manchester United at age 18 in 2003 . After winning his first trophy , the FA Cup , during his first season in England , he helped United win three successive Premier League titles , a UEFA Champions League title , and a FIFA Club World Cup . By age 23 , he had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations . He was the subject of the most expensive association football transfer when he moved from Manchester United to Real Madrid in 2009 in a transfer worth $ 94 million ( $ 132 million ) . In Spain , he has won two La Liga titles , two Copas del Rey , two Champions League titles , and two Club World Cups . Ronaldo holds the record for most goals scored in a single UEFA Champions League season , having scored 17 goals in the 2013 -- 14 season . In 2014 , Ronaldo became the fastest player to score 200 goals in La Liga , which he achieved in his 178th La Liga game . He is the only player in the history of football to score more than 50 goals in a season on six consecutive occasions . In 2015 , Ronaldo became the all-time top goalscorer in the UEFA Champions League , and he also became Real Madrid 's all-time leading goalscorer . In 2017 , he became the first player to reach 100 goals in European club competitions , as well as in the UEFA Champions League . He is the second highest goalscorer in La Liga history behind Lionel Messi , his perceived career rival . Ronaldo made his international debut for Portugal in August 2003 , at the age of 18 . He is Portugal 's most capped player of all time with over 130 caps , and has participated in seven major tournaments : four UEFA European Championships ( 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 ) and three FIFA World Cups ( 2006 , 2010 and 2014 ) . He is the first Portuguese player to reach 50 international goals , making him Portugal 's all-time top goalscorer . He scored his first international goal in Euro 2004 and helped Portugal reach the final . He took over full captaincy in July 2008 , and he led Portugal to the semi-finals at Euro 2012 , finishing the competition as joint-top scorer . In November 2014 , Ronaldo became the all-time top scorer in the UEFA European Championship ( including qualifying ) with 23 goals . At Euro 2016 , he became the most capped player of all-time in the tournament , the first player to score at four consecutive European Championship finals , and also equalled Michel Platini 's all-time record for most goals scored in the competition . Ronaldo lifted the trophy after Portugal defeated France in the final , and he received the Silver Boot as the second-highest goalscorer of the tournament ." }, { "docid": "Museu_CR7", "title": "", "text": "The Museu CR7 is a museum that is dedicated to Cristiano Ronaldo 's trophies . It is located in Funchal , Madeira . Above the museum is a hotel built in a partnership between Ronaldo and Pestana Group . The floor of the current museum , similar to the previous one , is in a Portuguese pavement style and decorated with the logo of the museum . The museum is an official sponsor of the local football team União da Madeira . In front of the museum , there is a bronze statue of Cristiano Ronaldo , made by the Madeiran sculptor Ricardo Velosa ." }, { "docid": "Jan_Mączyński", "title": "", "text": "Jan Mączyński ( c. 1520 -- c. 1587 ) was a Polish humanist and lexicographer . He was appointed as canon of the Collegiate church in Kalisz . Mączyński was the author of a Polish-Latin Dictionary published around 1564 with 1000 pages and 20,500 Latin terms , including idioms and jargon , and their Polish equivalents . Jan Mączyński ( Macinius , Maczinsky ) was born in Gzików , Poland in 1520 . His father was Piotr Zajączek and his mother Anna née Ciemińska , but since his grandfather acquired the town of Mączniki , Jan was called `` Mączyński '' ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Mota_Sardenberg", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg ( born on in Itu , Brazil ) is a Brazilian diplomat and politician ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Henrique_Silva", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Henrique Silva ( born April 10 , 1991 ) is a Brazilian football player ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Vanin", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Vanin ( born 31 January 1983 ) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Casale ." }, { "docid": "Christian_Ronaldo_Sitepu", "title": "", "text": "Christian Ronaldo Sitepu is an Indonesian basketball player for Satria Muda BritAma and the Indonesia national basketball team ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Awudu", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Awudu ( born November 27 , 1986 , Koforidua ) is a Ghanaian footballer . He currently plays for Power F.C. ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Deaconu", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Deaconu ( born 13 May 1997 ) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Concordia Chiajna ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Tavares", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Rodrigues Tavares ( born 22 July 1997 ) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Sporting B as a striker ." }, { "docid": "List_of_international_goals_scored_by_Cristiano_Ronaldo", "title": "", "text": "Cristiano Ronaldo is the all-time top goalscorer for the Portugal national football team and has the most goals among currently active players . As of 28 March 2017 , he has scored 71 goals in 138 appearances since his debut on 20 August 2003 . On 5 March 2014 , he netted twice in Portugal 's 5 -- 1 friendly win over Cameroon to take his tally to 49 goals , thus becoming his country 's all-time leading goalscorer , surpassing the 47 set by Pauleta . On 14 November 2014 , he scored the only goal in a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying match against Armenia , his 23rd in European Championship matches . This surpassed the record previously held by Turkey 's Hakan Şükür and Denmark 's Jon Dahl Tomasson . He has scored four international hat-tricks and one double brace . Ronaldo has participated in seven major tournaments : four UEFA European Championships in 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 and three FIFA World Cup in 2006 , 2010 and 2014 , scoring in all seven events . Following Portugal 's win at UEFA Euro 2016 , Ronaldo lifted the trophy as his team 's captain , and was also awarded the Silver Boot as one of the second-highest goalscorers of the tournament , with three goals and three assists ; he was also named to the team of the tournament for the third time in his career . With this victory , Portugal won their first major tournament , while Ronaldo won his first trophy with his national team . He has total of 9 goals at European Championships and 3 at the World Cup . Ronaldo has scored 24 goals in World Cup qualifiers , and 20 in European qualifiers . His other 15 goals have come in friendly matches . The opponents against whom he has scored most often are Armenia and Sweden with 5 goals . He has scored 9 international goals at Lisbon 's Estádio da Luz , his most at a single ground ." }, { "docid": "Ballon_d'Or_2002", "title": "", "text": "The 2002 Ballon d'Or , given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries , was awarded to Ronaldo on 12 December 2002 . This was Ronaldo 's second Ballon d'Or , his first award was in 1997 . Ronaldo was the first Brazilian national to win the award , when he won his first Ballon in 1997 , since then Rivaldo had also won the award in 1999 . He was also the fourth Real Madrid player to win the trophy after Alfredo Di Stéfano ( 1957 , 1959 ) , Raymond Kopa ( 1958 ) , and Luís Figo ( 2000 ) ." }, { "docid": "Ronaldo_Bôscoli", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldo Fernando Esquerdo Bôscoli , usually known as Ronaldo Bôscoli , or just Bôscoli ( October 28 , 1928 in Rio de Janeiro -- November 18 , 1994 ) was a Brazilian composer , songwriter , record producer and journalist . He was very active and important to the creation and definition of the Bossa Nova style in Brazil . Category : Brazilian songwriters Category : Brazilian composers Category :1928 births Category :1994 deaths Category : Musicians from Rio de Janeiro ( city ) Category : Bossa nova singers Category : Brazilian journalists Category : Brazilian record producers Category :20 th-century singers" } ]
227622	Born This Way is a piece of music.	[ { "docid": "Born_This_Way_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Born This Way '' is a song by American singer Lady Gaga , and the lead single from her second studio album of the same name . Written by Gaga and Jeppe Laursen , who produced it along with Fernando Garibay and DJ White Shadow , the track was developed while Gaga was on the road with The Monster Ball Tour . Inspired by 1990s music which empowered women and the gay community , Gaga explained that `` Born This Way '' was her freedom song . She sang part of the chorus at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards in 2010 and announced the song as the lead single from the album , released on February 11 , 2011 . The record is backed by rumbling synth sounds , a humming bass and additional chorus percussion , with sole organ toward the end . The lyrics discuss the self-empowerment of minorities including the LGBT community as well as racial minorities , referring to `` cholas '' and `` orients '' , which drew criticism from Latino and Asian communities . Critics positively reviewed the song , calling it a `` club-ready anthem '' , though it faced criticism for having similarities with Madonna 's 1989 single `` Express Yourself '' . The song reached number one in over 25 countries and was her third single to top the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and the 1,000 th song in that chart 's history ( since 1958 ) to reach number one . `` Born This Way '' has sold 8.2 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Nick Knight directed the accompanying music video , which was inspired by surrealist painters like Salvador Dalí and Francis Bacon . Gaga is depicted as giving birth to a new race during a prologue . After a series of dance sequences , the video concludes with the view of a city populated by this race . Critics noted the video 's references to the work of Madonna , Michael Jackson , Björk , and the late fashion designer Alexander McQueen , as well as to Greek mythology and surrealism . Gaga performed the song at the 53rd Grammy Awards after coming out of an incubating vessel . It was also performed during the last leg of The Monster Ball Tour and on television shows such as Saturday Night Live , Dick Clark 's New Year 's Rockin ' Eve and Good Morning America . The song was treated with different remixes , including a `` Country Road '' version recorded by Gaga herself and another by Indian production duo Salim-Sulaiman . Alice Cooper , Madonna , Katy Perry , Maria Aragon , and the cast of the TV series Glee have covered the song ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Mutopia_Project", "title": "", "text": "The Mutopia Project is a volunteer-run effort to create a library of free content sheet music , in a way similar to Project Gutenberg 's library of public domain books . It started in 2000 . The music is reproduced from old scores that are in the public domain . New scores are digitally typeset with GNU LilyPond and distributed in the following formats : PDF format in both letter and A4 paper sizes for printing , MIDI for aural reproduction , and LilyPond source code format . Currently , there are more than 2,000 pieces of music available , more than half of which are pieces for piano . There are also many pieces for voice , and various other musical instruments . The Mutopia Project home page has a list of links to the most recently added pieces ." }, { "docid": "Sur_le_même_accord", "title": "", "text": "Sur le même accord ( On only one chord ) is a piece by the French composer Henri Dutilleux for solo violin and orchestra . It was composed for the violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter , and was premiered by her on 28 April 2002 in London with the London Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Kurt Masur . The piece lasts about 10 minutes in performance . Dutilleux describes the piece as `` a nocturne-like work '' . The one movement consists of an introduction followed by an alternation of rapid music and slow , lyrical passages : Introduction -- Rapid Music -- Lyrical Section I -- Rapid Music -- Lyrical Section II -- Rapid Music . The entire piece is based on one six-note chord , heard at the beginning of the piece , which is manipulated in various ways . The chord has the property of all-combinatoriality , and Dutilleux uses this property several times to create an aggregate . The piece also features the Dutilleux trademark of mirror writing , which can be heard in several passages . The work is tonally centered on G , which is established by assertion , most notably by the repeated use of the violin 's low open G." }, { "docid": "Yannis_Kyriakides", "title": "", "text": "Yannis Kyriakides ( Greek : Γιάννης Κυριακίδης , born 1 August 1969 ) is a composer of contemporary classical music , and sound art . His music explores new forms and hybrids of media , synthesizing disparate sound sources and highlighting the sensorial space of music . He has focused in the majority of his work on ways of combining traditional performance practices with digital media , particularly in the use of live electronics . The relation between music and language has been explored in many pieces that utilize text films as a multimedia element ." }, { "docid": "Music_for_Flute,_Strings,_and_Percussion", "title": "", "text": "Music for Flute , Strings , and Percussion is a piece written by Sofia Gubaidulina in 1994 dedicated to Pierre-Yves Artaud . The instruments are divided into two sections , one of which is tuned a quarter-tone lower than the other . Gubaidulina ( 2001 ) describes , `` in this way the potential of treating both halves as ` light ' and ` shadow ' emerges . '' She uses three chords , one major , one minor , and one whose third is exactly half way between ( `` this triad possesses architectural significance , but also a symbolic meaning '' ) being used at importance cadence points also determined by the five open strings of the higher orchestra section . The flute is in tune with this higher section , but through microintervals and glissandos also coincides with the lower section . The piece has been recorded and released on : The Canticle of the Sun ( 1997 ) and Music for Flute , Strings , and Percussion ( 1994 ) . The first performed by cellist and conductor Mstislav Rostropovich and London Voices conducted by Ryusuke Numajiri , the second by flutist Emmanuel Pahud and the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Rostropovich . Gubaidulina attended the recording of both pieces ." }, { "docid": "Simon_Rackham", "title": "", "text": "Simon Rackham ( born 1964 ) is an English composer and artist . From 1983-1988 , studied composition and French horn at the Royal Academy of Music ( London ) . Probably best known for his work ; ` Which ever way your nose bends ' the first commission by the six piano ensemble Piano Circus , composed as a companion piece to Steve Reich 's ` Six Pianos ' & released on their eponymous album by Argo Records ( UK ) in 1992 . In the late eighties he co-founded the group ` 3 or 4 composers ' ( with Laurence Crane , Helen Ottaway , Melanie Pappenheim & Jocelyn Pook ) . He has released over fifty albums ( mainly music for piano ) through CD Baby . In 2012 his authorized arrangement for solo piano of Steve Reich 's ` Clapping Music ' was released on the album ` Which way is up ? ' ." }, { "docid": "Mohammad_Shams", "title": "", "text": "Mohammad Shams ( محمد شمس , born 1954 in Tehran ) is an Iranian composer and conductor . Born in a family of musicians , he has composed more than 650 pieces of traditional , classical and modern music . Despite the troubles an artist in exile must face , Shams found ways to introduce Classical Persian music in international events such as the London Festival in England . He describes his music as being attached to poetry and to the roots of Persian music . His style is described ample and accurate , paying attention to tones and sounds , to contrasts and to orchestral material full of expression . Shams has said about Persian music : `` To me , music has to bring love , harmony , pleasure , happiness , but also rhythm and movement . Our music is so-called sad . It is not . When talking about classical music , I mean it has to keep its nature , but also evolve with time '' ." }, { "docid": "Music_for_18_Musicians", "title": "", "text": "Music for 18 Musicians is a work of musical minimalism composed by Steve Reich during 1974-1976 . Its world premiere was on April 24 , 1976 at The Town Hall in New York City . Following this , a recording of the piece was released by ECM New Series . In his introduction to the score , Reich mentions that although the piece is named Music for 18 Musicians , it is not necessarily advisable to perform the piece with that few players due to the extensive doubling it requires . With only 18 musicians , the parts are divided as follows : violin cello female voice female voice female voice piano piano piano and maracas marimba and maracas marimba and xylophone marimba and xylophone marimba and xylophone metallophone and piano piano and marimba marimba , xylophone , and piano clarinet and bass clarinet clarinet and bass clarinet female voice and piano The piece is based on a cycle of eleven chords . A small piece of music is based on each chord , and the piece returns to the original cycle at the end . The sections are named `` Pulses '' , and Section I-XI . This was Reich 's first attempt at writing for larger ensembles , and the extension of performers resulted in a growth of psycho-acoustic effects , which fascinated Reich , and he noted that he would like to `` explore this idea further '' . A prominent factor in this work is the augmentation of the harmonies and melodies and the way that they develop this piece . Another important factor in the piece is the use of human breath , used in the clarinets and voices , which help structure and bring a pulse to the piece . The player plays the pulsing note for as long as he can hold it , while each chord is melodically deconstructed by the ensemble , along with augmentation of the notes held . The metallophone ( unplugged vibraphone ) , is used to cue the ensemble to change patterns or sections . Some sections of the piece have a chiastic ABCDCBA structure , and Reich noted that this one work contained more harmonic movement in the first five minutes than any other work he had previously written . In 2003 , David Bowie included it in a list of 25 of his favourite albums , `` Confessions of a Vinyl Junkie '' , calling it `` Balinese gamelan music cross-dressing as minimalism . ''" }, { "docid": "Hidden_track", "title": "", "text": "In the field of recorded music , a hidden track ( sometimes called a secret track or ghost track ) is a piece of music that has been placed on a CD , audio cassette , LP record or other recorded medium in such a way as to avoid detection by the casual listener . In some cases , the piece of music may simply have been left off the track listing , while in other cases more elaborate methods are used . In rare cases a `` hidden track '' is actually the result of an error that occurred during the mastering stage of the record 's production ." }, { "docid": "Music_alignment", "title": "", "text": "Music can be described and represented in many different ways including sheet music , symbolic representations , and audio recordings . For each of these representations , there may exist different versions that correspond to the same musical work . The general goal of music alignment ( sometimes also referred to as music synchronization ) is to automatically link the various data streams , thus interrelating the multiple information sets related to a given musical work . More precisely , music alignment is taken to mean a procedure which , for a given position in one representation of a piece of music , determines the corresponding position within another representation . In the figure on the right , such an alignment is visualized by the red bidirectional arrows . Such synchronization results form the basis for novel interfaces that allow users to access , search , and browse musical content in a convenient way ." }, { "docid": "Capriccio_(music)", "title": "", "text": "A capriccio or caprice ( sometimes plural : caprices , capri or , in Italian , capricci ) , is a piece of music , usually fairly free in form and of a lively character . The typical capriccio is one that is fast , intense , and often virtuosic in nature . The term has been applied in disparate ways , covering works using many different procedures and forms , as well as a wide variety of vocal and instrumental forces . The earliest occurrence of the term was in 1561 by Jacquet de Berchem and applied to a set of madrigals . In the late 16th and early 17th centuries , it could refer to madrigals , music intended alternatively for voices or instruments , or for strictly instrumental pieces , especially keyboard compositions ." }, { "docid": "Hans-Joachim_Hespos", "title": "", "text": "Hans-Joachim Hespos ( born March 13 , 1938 ) is a German composer of avant-garde music . He was born in Emden . Since für Cello solo ( written 1964 ) , he has composed in all genres , including many pieces for unaccompanied solo instruments and theatre works . He has always remained outside of the mainstream and has never been associated with any of the many movements in postwar European music , though he did attend summer courses at Darmstadt in the 1980s . Today , Hespos is still relatively unknown in the United States . Even by the standards of the European avant-garde , Hespos ' music usually is quite extreme and unconventional . In his many pieces for solo instruments , Hespos pushes instruments to their timbral limits , employing extended techniques and other effects to create unusual sounds ( For example , Duma ( 1980 ) for alto flute requires the performer to spit into his or her instrument to create sickly gargling sounds ) . He frequently writes for less-common instruments , such as cimbalon ( 1976 's Cang ) or musical saw ( used in Ganifita-Blues , 1984 ) . He even calls for extreme stage techniques in his theatre works -- the famous piece Seiltanz ( `` Tightrope Dance '' , 1982 ) requires an actor to break his way out of a metal cage by means of a welding torch . Hespos ' scores very frequently employ graphic notation , verbal instructions , traditional music notation or some combination thereof . Many of his works involve improvisation ( For example , t a n E K ( 2013 ) with improvisational parts by Kommissar Hjuler and Mama Baer ) . Additionally , Hespos ' music must often be performed without a conductor , putting even greater demands on the performers . Hespos has been the recipient of many awards and honors in his career , including the 1967 Gaudeamus International Composers Award and a scholarship to study at the Villa Massimo in Rome in 1972 . In the year 2005 , the Academy of Arts , Berlin created an archive of Hespos ' music . That same year , Opera World magazine selected Hespos ' iOPAL as the opera premiere of the year ." }, { "docid": "Albert_Patron", "title": "", "text": "Alberto Patron ( born December 26 , 1969 ) , known in America also as Albert Patron , is an Italian composer , music theorist , writer , philosopher and artist . A pioneer of indeterminacy in music , aporetic music , and non-standard use of musical instruments , Patron the leading figures of the contemporary trent aporetic music as well as aporetic philosophy . Critics have lauded him as one of the most innovative Italian composers of the last 20 years . He was also instrumental in the development of philosophy . Patron is perhaps best known for his 1990 compositions The Ten Aporetic Tropes , the ten movements of which are the tables of the contemporary trend called Aporetic Music , or Aporetic Philosophy . The content of these compositions is meant to be perceived as the sounds of the human being and its several faceted ethical ways , and the pieces became one of the most controversial compositions of the last 20 years . Another famous creation of Patron 's is the prepared piano ( a piano with its sound altered by placing various objects in the strings ) , for which he wrote numerous musical pieces , the best known of which is Hapax ( 1995 ) . His teachers included Giovanni Bonato and Carlo De Pirro , both known for their contemporary music in Europe . Through his studies of Greek philosophy in the late 1980s , Patron came to the idea of aleatoric or chance-controlled music Chaos , which he started composing in 1989 . The I Ching , an ancient Chinese classic text on changing events , became Patron 's composition tool for the rest of his life ." }, { "docid": "Wai-te-ata_Music_Press", "title": "", "text": "Wai-te-ata Music Press is a centre of Te Kōkī New Zealand School of Music , that publishes New Zealand sheet music , CDs and other music-related publications . Based at Victoria University of Wellington , the press was established by Douglas Lilburn in 1967 as a non-profit ` composer facility ' , which was intended to produce inexpensive editions of New Zealand music for performance and study . It was established in order to address the problem that ` increased opportunities for broadcast , performance and commercial recording of New Zealand compositions had not been equalled by an increase in opportunities for publication . ' The first score , published in 1967 , was For Seven by Jenny McLeod , and was followed shortly by works by Larry Pruden , David Farquhar , John Ritchie , Ronald Tremain and Lilburn himself . The original covers were printed using an 1813 Stanhope printing press owned by Wai-te-ata Press , which had been established in 1962 by Professor Don McKenzie of the English Department . From 1981 , when composer Jack Body took up the editorship , Wai-te-ata Music Press has become the largest sole publisher of New Zealand music , with over 250 scores in its catalogue . In 2013 , New Zealand School of Music lecturer Michael Norris took over the editorship of Wai-te-ata Press in 2013 following Jack Body 's retirement . He began his editorship with the publication of the complete Tone Clock Pieces by Jenny McLeod , as well as establishing an online store for the press 's catalogue ." }, { "docid": "Pieces_in_a_Modern_Style_2", "title": "", "text": "Pieces in a Modern Style 2 is the 11th album by British electronic musician and record producer , William Orbit . A follow-up to Orbit 's 1995 album Pieces in a Modern Style , it was released in compact disc and digital download formats on 22 August 2010 through Decca Records . Orbit 's second foray into classical music by way of electronic instrumentation includes , among others , a selection from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's Swan Lake ." }, { "docid": "Toimii", "title": "", "text": "Toimii ( Finnish `` It works '' ) is an ensemble for new music founded in the spring of 1980 by Finnish composer Magnus Lindberg with several other young composers and instrumentalists connected with the Sibelius Academy . Along with the new-music appreciation group Korvat auki ( Finnish `` Ears open '' ) , it did much to bring new music to listeners in Finland in the 1980s and 1990s . Toimii was formed to be a laboratory where composers , instrumentalists and other artists could work on new ways of creating music and improvising . The idea of Toimii was born when Magnus Lindberg , Otto Romanowski , and Esa-Pekka Salonen were preparing a concert performance of Karlheinz Stockhausen 's Plus-Minus . Vinko Globokar and his improvisation group New Phonic Art had a significant influence on the burgeoning ensemble after Lindberg began studies with him in Paris in the autumn 1981 , and it was at the Jyväskylä Summer Festival in 1982 where Lindberg 's Action-Situation-Signification and a Globokar work were paired that the ensemble first appeared under the name Toimii . Apart from performing existing pieces and writing collective pieces Toimii encouraged poets , painters , dramaturgists and actors to write pieces for its concerts . Each rehearsal period started without a determined program and the rehearsals consisted of combining existing pieces with improvising and last minute composing and arranging . All of the members had an equal input into every detail of each concert . Magnus Lindberg 's 1985 masterpiece Kraft was written as a concerto for Toimii and a Symphony Orchestra , the ensemble has toured around the world performing the piece so far 14 times and has recorded it twice . Toimii visited many festivals in locations as far apart as Uusikaupunki , Tromsø and Ojai . Toimii has performed widely in Europe and in the US . While its members entered upon their own busy careers , they met once or twice each year during the 1980s and 1990s for a period of intensive work . Toimii also performed several very successful children 's concerts at the Suvisoitto-festival in Finland , at the Ojai Music Festival and at the Queen Elisabeth Hall in London , The last performances of the ensemble to date were in December 2001 at the Related Rocks Festival in London and in 2003 in Helsinki where they also made their second recording of Lindberg 's Kraft ." }, { "docid": "Repeat_sign", "title": "", "text": "In music , a repeat sign is a sign that indicates a section should be repeated . If the piece has one repeat sign alone , then that means to repeat from the beginning , and then continue on ( or stop , if the sign appears at the end of the piece ) . A corresponding sign facing the other way indicates where the repeat is to begin . These are similar to the instructions da capo and dal segno ." }, { "docid": "40_Bands_80_Minutes!", "title": "", "text": "40 Bands 80 Minutes ! is a 2006 American rockumentary directed by Sean Carnage about the Los Angeles underground music scene in 2006 . In the style of Urgh ! A Music War , 40 Bands 80 Minutes ! is a series of punk and experimental musical performances and performance art pieces , with minimal narration . The film was conceived as a way to systematically document the music of the entire L.A. underground music scene ." }, { "docid": "Pollex_Christi", "title": "", "text": "Pollex Christi ( `` The Thumb of Christ '' ) was the first of Ralph America 's limited edition CDs by the Residents . Much of it consists of electronic adaptations of music from Orff 's Carmina Burana . The piece was purportedly composed by the friend and collaborator from their early years , N. Senada , and in some ways plays on classical themes the same way their 1976 album , Third Reich and Roll , did with 1960s top-40 music . Two editions were released of 400 copies each , the first issue being hand numbered ." }, { "docid": "Albertus_Parisiensis", "title": "", "text": "Albertus Parisiensis ( fl . 1146 -- 1177 ) , also known as Albert of Paris , was a French cantor and composer . He is credited with creating the first known piece of European music for three voices . He probably originally came from Estampes in the Arrondissement of Mirande . Albertus served as canon at Notre Dame de Paris from 1127 and as cantor by 1146 , a position he held until his death in 1177 , the only period of his life which has been documented . He left a number of liturgical books to the cathedral . The only extant piece of his is the conductus Congaudeant Catholici . The piece was part of the Codex Calixtinus , a work intended as a guide for travelers making the Way of St. James , a pilgrimage to a shrine in Santiago de Compostela . Congaudeant Catholici has been recorded by a number of groups devoted to medieval music , including Sequentia , The Rose Ensemble and others ." }, { "docid": "Music_at_sporting_events", "title": "", "text": "The use of music at sporting events is a practice that is thousands of years old , but has recently had a resurgence as a noted phenomenon . Some sports have specific traditions with respect to pieces of music played at particular intervals . Others have made the presentation of music very specific to the team -- even to particular players . Music may be used to build the energy of the fans , and music may also be introduced in ways that are less directly connected with the action in a sporting event ." }, { "docid": "Stephan_Micus", "title": "", "text": "Stephan Micus ( pronounced -LSB- ʃtɛ.ˈfɑːn _ ˈmiː.kʌs -RSB- ) ( born January 19 , 1953 ) is a German classical and world musician and composer whose musical style is heavily influenced by his study of traditional instruments and musical techniques from Japan , India , South America , and other countries around the world . With the exception of his album The Music of Stones ( 1989 ) , he plays all of the instruments on his recordings , combining styles from different countries and using the instruments in unprecedented ways in each of his pieces . He often uses layers of a single instrument to create unusual combinations of sounds . He is also one of the only ECM Records artists whose records are not produced by Manfred Eicher . He often sings in a made-up language ." }, { "docid": "Joshua_Reznicow", "title": "", "text": "Joshua Reznicow is an American composer , director , and string teacher from Minneapolis -- Saint Paul . He has composed many pieces that have been played at the professional level . He has pieces published in TRN Music Publishers , Ludwig Music , Kendor , Tempo Press , and by Latham Music Publishers a Lorenz Company . He is also a member of the American String Teachers Association and serves as Member at Large-East on the Iowa String Teacher 's Association board . He has won awards for his compositions , such as Boisterous Flight , which won the Texas Orchestra Directors Annual composition contest in 2005 . He has taught at UNI , Coe College , and other places and currently teaches at Linn-Mar High School in Marion , Iowa . He is known for his pieces Eclipse , American Sketches , Boisterous Flight , and many more . He is also known for the comic book character that is named after him , the Supermarket Vigilante . The book stars Lt. Josh Reznicow working his way back into society by stopping crimes as the Supermarket Vigilante ." }, { "docid": "Maurice_Ravel", "title": "", "text": "Joseph Maurice Ravel ( -LSB- ʒɔzɛf mɔʁis ʁavɛl -RSB- ; 7 March 1875 -- 28 December 1937 ) was a French composer , pianist and conductor . He is often associated with impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy , although both composers rejected the term . In the 1920s and 1930s , Ravel was regarded as France 's greatest living composer , both nationally and internationally . Born to a music-loving family , Ravel attended France 's premier music college , the Paris Conservatoire ; he was not well regarded by its conservative establishment , whose biased treatment of him caused a scandal . After leaving the Conservatoire Ravel found his own way as a composer , developing a style of great clarity , incorporating elements of baroque , neoclassicism and , in his later works , jazz . He liked to experiment with musical form , as in his best-known work , Boléro ( 1928 ) , in which repetition takes the place of development . He made some orchestral arrangements of other composers ' music , of which his 1922 version of Mussorgsky 's Pictures at an Exhibition is the best known . As a slow and painstaking worker , Ravel composed fewer pieces than many of his contemporaries . Among his works to enter the repertoire are pieces for piano , chamber music , two piano concertos , ballet music , two operas , orchestral music , and eight song cycles ; he wrote no symphonies and only one religious work ( `` Kaddish '' ) , which is merely an arrangement of pre-existent Hebrew liturgical melodies . Many of his piano pieces also exist in the form of orchestrations made years after their original conception . Some of his piano music , such as Gaspard de la nuit ( 1908 ) , is exceptionally difficult to play , and some of his complex orchestral scores , such as the music for the ballet Daphnis et Chloé ( 1912 ) , require great conducting skill to realize successfully . Ravel was among the first composers to recognise the potential of recording to bring their music to a wider public . From the 1920s , despite limited technique as a pianist or conductor , he took part in recordings of several of his works ; others were made under his supervision ." }, { "docid": "Mickey_Mousing", "title": "", "text": "In animation and film , `` Mickey Mousing '' ( synchronized , mirrored , or parallel scoring ) is a film technique that syncs the accompanying music with the actions on screen . `` Matching movement to music , '' or , `` The exact segmentation of the music analogue to the picture . '' The term comes from the early and mid-production Walt Disney films , where the music almost completely works to mimic the animated motions of the characters . Mickey Mousing may use music to `` reinforce an action by mimicking its rhythm exactly ... Frequently used in the 1930s and 1940s , especially by Max Steiner , it is somewhat out of favor today , at least in serious films , because of overuse . However , it can still be effective if used imaginatively '' . Mickey Mousing and synchronicity help structure the viewing experience , to indicate how much events should impact the viewer , and to provide information not present on screen . The technique , `` enable -LSB- s -RSB- the music to be seen to ` participate ' in the action and for it to be quickly and formatively interpreted ... and -LSB- to -RSB- also intensify the experience of the scene for the spectator . '' Mickey Mousing may also create unintentional humor , and be used in parody or self-reference . Note that often it is not the music that is synced to the animated action , but the other way around . This is especially so when the music is a classical or other well-known piece . In such cases , the music for the animation is pre-recorded , and an animator will have an exposure sheet with the beats marked on it , frame by frame , and can time the movements accordingly . In the 1940 film Fantasia , the musical piece The Sorcerer 's Apprentice , composed in the 1890s , contains a fragment that is used to accompany the actions of Mickey himself . At one point Mickey , as the apprentice , seizes an axe and chops an enchanted broom to pieces so that it will stop carrying water to a pit . The visual action is synchronized exactly to crashing chords in the music ." }, { "docid": "Green_Ways_(John_Ireland)", "title": "", "text": "Green Ways is a set of three short atmospheric piano works composed by John Ireland in 1937 ; the individual titles are The Cherry Tree , Cypress and The Palm and May . They were written when the composer was 57 , and are among the last pieces he wrote for piano . Green Ways sets out to depict in music quotations from A. E. Housman ( with whom he had a close affinity ) , William Shakespeare and Thomas Nashe , and is full of typical Ireland lyricism and flowing harmonies ." }, { "docid": "Clapping_Music", "title": "", "text": "Clapping Music is a minimalist piece written by Steve Reich in 1972 . It is written for two performers and is performed entirely by clapping . Reich and his ensemble were on tour in Europe in 1972 . After a concert in Brussels , the promoter asked him if they would like to go see some flamenco music . They ended in a club and watched a pair of musicians who by Reich 's account were terrible guitarists and singers . However when they started clapping very loudly , Reich and his group , who were mainly percussionists , joined in . After the concert Reich realised that he could use this as the basis for work , not least as it could be performed with only a few people rather than taking two trucks of equipment . A development of the phasing technique from Reich 's earlier works such as Piano Phase , it was written when Reich wanted to ( in his own words ) `` create a piece of music that needed no instruments beyond the human body '' . However , he quickly found that the mechanism of phasing slowly in and out of tempo with each other was inappropriate for the simple clapping involved in producing the actual sounds that made the music . Instead of phasing , one performer claps a basic rhythm , a variation of the fundamental African bell pattern in 12/8 time , for the entirety of the piece . The other claps the same pattern , but after every 8 or 12 bars shifts by one eighth note to the right . The two performers continue this until the second performer has shifted 12 eighth notes and is hence playing the pattern in unison with the first performer again ( as at the beginning ) , some 144 bars later . The variation of the African bell pattern is minimal ; it contains just one additional beat . However , this minimal addition results in a much more interesting piece from the point of view of the variation of syncopation as the piece progresses . In Reich 's 1974 book Writings about Music there is a picture of the piece being performed at the Contemporary Arts Museum in Houston , Texas on 13 November 1973 . In 2012 an authorized arrangement for solo piano of Clapping Music was released on the album Which Way Is Up ? by Simon Rackham , with permission granted by the publisher Universal Edition ( London ) . Imagine Dragons used Clapping Music as the foundation for their 2012 hit `` On Top of the World '' on their debut studio album Night Visions , although only a sample is used and Reich 's composition does not progress over the course of the song ." }, { "docid": "Electric_Chapel", "title": "", "text": "`` Electric Chapel '' is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga for her second studio album , Born This Way ( 2011 ) . Written and produced by Gaga and DJ White Shadow , the recording premiered on Facebook gaming app FarmVille , as did the album 's fifth single , `` Marry the Night '' . Gaga revealed on Twitter that `` Electric Chapel '' was written in Australia and finished on her tour bus in Europe . She recorded it channeling the vocals of bands like Duran Duran , and singers Cher and Billy Idol . `` Electric Chapel '' is an electronic rock and pop metal song that incorporates elements of 80s pop music and heavy metal in its composition . Critics were ambivalent towards the track , with Dan Martin from NME comparing it to the work of Madonna ; other reviewers noted the rock and sci-fi musical elements associated in it . `` Electric Chapel '' reached number 23 on Billboards Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart and number 144 on the South Korean International Download Chart . It was performed on Gaga 's Born This Way Ball tour in 2012 , where she sang it while standing inside a set piece that had the song 's name written on top ." }, { "docid": "Jocelyne_Alloucherie", "title": "", "text": "Jocelyne Alloucherie , ( born February 8 , 1947 ) is a Canadian sculptor and academic . Born in Quebec City , Alloucherie received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Université Laval in 1971 and a Master of Fine Arts degree in 1981 from Concordia University . She has taught visual arts and art history at the Université Laval , the Université du Québec à Montréal , Concordia University and the University of Ottawa . Jocelyne Alloucherie offered some reflections on the development of her work in the exhibit guide to Climats ( Climates ) held at the Carleton University Art Gallery in 2010 : `` I develop rich bodies of work , grouped together under the same title and whose relations change according to the time and place of their exhibition . Like pieces of music , they undergo variation according to the way they are interpreted , which is a function of the space in which they are shown . The conceptual thread of a work is constant , but the way it is exhibited is not absolutely fixed ''" }, { "docid": "Concerto_for_Orchestra_(Bartók)", "title": "", "text": "The Concerto for Orchestra , Sz . 116 , BB 123 , is a five-movement musical work for orchestra composed by Béla Bartók in 1943 . It is one of his best-known , most popular and most accessible works . The score is inscribed `` 15 August -- 8 October 1943 '' . It was premiered on December 1 , 1944 , in Symphony Hall , Boston , by the Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by Serge Koussevitzky . It was a great success and has been regularly performed since . It is perhaps the best-known of a number of pieces that have the apparently contradictory title Concerto for Orchestra . This is in contrast to the conventional concerto form , which features a solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment . Bartók said that he called the piece a concerto rather than a symphony because of the way each section of instruments is treated in a soloistic and virtuosic way ." }, { "docid": "Music_Man_StingRay_5", "title": "", "text": "Introduced in 1987 , the StingRay 5 ( SR5 ) was the first all-new Music Man bass designed and built in San Luis Obispo by the Ernie Ball team . The five-string 's styling is based on the classic look of the Silhouette guitar . Advanced active electronics combine the best of the four-string StingRay along with innovations from Music Man designers , such as an Alnico humbucking pickup and three-way pickup selector for series , single and parallel combinations . The tuners are placed in a 4 +1 configuration and the six-bolt on maple neck has a rosewood or maple fingerboard with 22 high-profile wide frets . In 1991 , Pole pieces changed from Alnico to Ceramic In late 1992 , a hum-cancelling `` phantom '' coil was added for noise reduction in single coil mode of the three-way pickup selector . In 2005 , the StingRay 5 was updated with two humbuckers ( HH ) or a bridge humbucker paired with a neck single coil pickup ( HS ) and a five-way pickup switching system . The single humbucker model continues to be in production as well . In 2006 , Music Man released a Limited Edition StingRay 5 featuring a five-bolt neck plate , no pickguard , string-through body , and an ebony fingerboard . The same year , MusicMan started using compensated nuts on all their bass and guitar models except the Classic series , after having used them for the Music Man Bongo since 2003 . In March 2008 , Ernie Ball switched back to alnico pickups for their StingRay 5 , after having used ceramic pickups for this model since 1991 . The alnico pickups , which are also found in their four-string counterparts , give the instrument a sound more like a StingRay 4 . The phantom-coil was also removed ( except for the HS model ) and the Single-Coil Mode replaced by an Enhanced Parallel setting . As of 2015 the StingRay 5 is also offered with a through-neck construction . Specifications StingRay 5 Model : StingRay 5 Size : 13-3/8 '' wide , 1-3/4 '' thick , 45-3/4 '' long ( 34.0 cm wide , 4.5 cm thick , 116.2 cm long ) Weight : 10 lbs , 0 oz ( 4.54 kg ) - varies slightly Body Wood : Ash Body Finish : High gloss polyester Bridge : Standard - Music Man ® chrome plated , hardened steel bridge plate with stainless steel saddles Scale Length : 34 '' ( 86.4 cm ) Neck Radius : 11 '' ( 27.9 cm ) Headstock Size : Only 9 '' ( 22.9 cm ) long Frets : 22 - High profile , wide Neck Width : 1-3/4 '' ( 44.5 mm ) at nut 2-3/4 '' '' ( 69.9 mm ) at last fret Neck Wood : Select maple neck Fingerboard : Fretted - maple or rosewood ; Fretless - Pau Ferro with or without inlaid fretlines Neck Finish : Gunstock oil and hand-rubbed special wax blend Neck Colors : Standard - Natural ; Optional - Matching painted headstock Tuning Machines : Schaller BM , with tapered string posts Truss Rod : Adjustable - no component or string removal Neck Attachment : 6 bolts - perfect alignment with no shifting Electronic Shielding : Graphite acrylic resin coated body cavity and aluminum lined pickguard Controls : Single Pickup , 3-band active preamp ; vol , treble , mid , bass ; Dual Pickup , 3-band active preamp ; vol , treble , mid , bass Switching : Single Pickup - 3-way lever pickup selector ; Dual Pickup - 5-way lever pickup selector Pickups : Standard - Music Man ® humbucking with Alnico pole pieces ; Optional - Dual Humbucking with Alnico pole pieces ; Optional - Humbucking/Single coil with Alnico pole pieces Left Handed : Yes Strings : 45w-65w-80w-100w-130w ( Regular Slinky Bass # 2836 )" } ]
31340	By 1997, Andre Agassi was number 141 in the world.	[ { "docid": "Andre_Agassi", "title": "", "text": "Andre Kirk Agassi ( -LSB- ˈɑːndreɪ_ˈæɡəsi -RSB- born April 29 , 1970 ) is an American retired professional tennis player and former World No. 1 who was one of the sport 's most dominant players from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s . Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time , Agassi has been called the greatest service returner in the history of the game . Described by the BBC upon his retirement as `` perhaps the biggest worldwide star in the sport 's history '' , Agassi compiled performances that , along with his unorthodox apparel and attitude , saw him cited as one of the most charismatic players in the history of the game . As a result , he is credited for helping to revive the popularity of tennis during the 1990s . In singles tennis , Agassi is an eight-time Grand Slam champion and a 1996 Olympic gold medalist , as well as finishing runner-up in seven other Grand Slam tournaments . During the Open Era , Agassi was the first male player to have won 4 Australian Open titles , a record that was later surpassed by Novak Djokovic when he won his 5th title on 2015 , and then by Roger Federer in 2017 . Agassi is one of five male singles players to achieve the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era and one of eight in history , the first of two to achieve the Career Golden Slam ( Career Grand Slam and Olympic Gold Medal , the other being Rafael Nadal ) , and the only man to win the Career Golden Slam and the ATP Tour World Championships ( won in 1990 ) : a distinction dubbed as a `` Career Super Slam '' by Sports Illustrated . Agassi was the first male player to win all four Grand Slam tournaments on three different surfaces ( hard , clay and grass ) , and the last American male to win both the French Open ( in 1999 ) and the Australian Open ( in 2003 ) . He also won 17 ATP Masters Series titles and was part of the winning Davis Cup teams in 1990 , 1992 and 1995 . Agassi reached the World No. 1 ranking for the first time in 1995 but was troubled by personal issues during the mid-to-late 1990s and sank to World No. 141 in 1997 , prompting many to believe that his career was over . Agassi returned to World No. 1 in 1999 and enjoyed the most successful run of his career over the next four years . During his 20-plus year tour career , Agassi was known by the nickname `` The Punisher '' . After suffering from sciatica caused by two bulging discs in his back , a spondylolisthesis ( vertebral displacement ) and a bone spur that interfered with the nerve , Agassi retired from professional tennis on September 3 , 2006 , after losing in the third round of the US Open to Benjamin Becker . He is the founder of the Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation , which has raised over $ 60 million for at-risk children in Southern Nevada . In 2001 , the Foundation opened the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy in Las Vegas , a K-12 public charter school for at-risk children . He has been married to fellow tennis player Steffi Graf since 2001 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Emmanuel_Agassi", "title": "", "text": "Emanoul Aghassian , Anglicized as Emmanuel `` Mike '' Agassi ( born 25 December 1930 in Salmas , Iran ) , is a former boxer and the father and former coach of Andre Agassi . Born to Assyrian and Armenian parents ( however in his own words , his father was an Assyrian from Kiev and mother was a Turkish Armenian ) , he was raised in a Christian household in Tehran . One of his ancestors changed his surname from Agassian to Agassi to avoid ( unspecified ) ` persecution ' . Agassi was first exposed to tennis by American and British servicemen . He represented Iran as a boxer in the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics , losing in the first round both times . He followed his brother Samuel to Chicago in 1952 , and changed his name to `` Mike Agassi '' . Less than a month after graduating from Roosevelt University , he met Elizabeth Dudley through a mutual friend . They married at a Methodist church in Chicago 's North Side on August 19 , 1959 . When a friend offered Agassi a job at the Tropicana Hotel , the couple moved to Las Vegas , Nevada with their 2 year old daughter Rita and 8-day old son Phillip in October 1962 ; daughter Tamara ( Tami ) was born in 1969 , and Andre in 1970 . Agassi has described Rita , Phillip , and Tami as `` guinea pigs '' in the development of the methods he used to mold Andre into a world-class player . In 1984 , Rita , having rebelled against her father 's 5,000-balls-a-day-regimen , married Pancho Gonzales . In his autobiography Open , Andre recalled Mike and Steffi Graf 's father Peter nearly coming to blows arguing over whether Andre or Steffi had the superior backhand technique when Mike showed Peter the machine he built to fire tennis balls at Andre and his siblings . Mike Agassi 's autobiography The Agassi Story was published in 2004 ." }, { "docid": "Agassi", "title": "", "text": "Agassi is a surname most prevalent among ethnic groups in Iranian , such as Assyrians and Babylonian and Persian Jews . People with Agassi surname of Assyrian origins : Andre Agassi ( born 1970 ) , retired male tennis player from U.S.A Emmanuel B. `` Mike '' Agassi ( born 1930 ) , Assyrian-Armenian boxer from Iran ; father of Andre Agassi Carlos Agassi ( born 1979 ) , Iranian-Filipino rapper and model Evin Agassi , Assyrian singer People of Agassi surname of Jewish origins : Joseph Agassi ( born 1927 ) , Israeli academic Shai Agassi ( born 1968 ) , Israeli executive Shimon Agassi ( 1852 -- 1914 ) , Baghdadi rabbi" }, { "docid": "Andre_Agassi_Tennis", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi Tennis is a tennis video game released in 1992 , starring tennis legend Andre Agassi . The game was released for the Super NES , Genesis , Master System and Game Gear . It enjoyed a much belated release for mobile phones ." }, { "docid": "Agassi–Sampras_rivalry", "title": "", "text": "Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi are retired professional men 's tennis players who were both ranked World No. 1 during the 1990s , Sampras holding the world 's top-rank spot for a then-record 286 weeks while Agassi held it for 101 weeks . With contrasting styles and temperaments , they played each other 34 times from 1989 through 2002 , with Sampras winning 20 matches . It has been named as one of the greatest tennis rivalries of all time . In Grand Slam tournaments , they played in five finals , with Sampras winning four . They met for the first time in a Grand Slam final at the 1990 US Open , with Agassi the favorite because of his top-three ranking even though Sampras had defeated former World No. 1 players Ivan Lendl and John McEnroe on the way to the final . Sampras defeated Agassi in straight sets . The next time the pair met at a Grand Slam final was at the 1995 Australian Open . Agassi beat Sampras in four sets . In one of their matches , played in the 2001 US Open quarter-final , Sampras won with the score of 6 -- 7 ( 7 ) , 7 -- 6 ( 2 ) , 7 -- 6 ( 2 ) , 7 -- 6 ( 5 ) ; throughout the match , no player managed to break the other 's serve . The last match in their rivalry came at the 2002 US Open final . It was their first meeting in the final since Sampras won in 1995 . Sampras went on to win the match in four sets . This was Sampras 's last career match , he announced his retirement from the game a year later at the 2003 US Open . Agassi retired in 2006 after 20 years on the tour . From their first ATP match to their 1995 US Open final match , their head-to-head was tied 8 -- 8 . From their 1995 US Open final match to 1999 , their head-to-head was 9 -- 3 in favor of Sampras . Agassi has often said that the 1995 US Open loss was a powerful blow to him that took him years to recover from ; amid this and other psychological issues he subsequently plummeted to World No. 141 , and it marked a significant shift in their rivalry . From 2000 to their last match in 2002 , their head-to-head was tied at 3 -- 3 . At the time of their retirements , Sampras held the all-time record for most men 's Grand Slam titles , with 14 . This broke Björn Borg 's record of 11 titles won in the Open Era , as well as the 12 held then by Roy Emerson , predating the Open Era . Roger Federer has since overtaken Sampras with 18 titles . On the other hand , Agassi , who claimed 8 Grand Slam titles , was ranked joint third for most titles in the Open Era , and joint fifth all-time at the time of his retirement . Agassi was the second man after Rod Laver to win the singles Career Grand Slam in the Open Era and one of five ( currently seven ) overall . Having won the gold medal in men 's singles at the 1996 Olympics , he is the first of only two male players to achieve a Career Golden Slam in singles tennis , the second being Rafael Nadal . The Career Grand Slam proved elusive for Sampras , as he was unable to find significant success on the serve-neutralizing clay courts , reaching only one French Open semi-final in his career . Agassi also held the record for most ATP Masters Series ( AMS ) shields ( since 1990 ) with 17 ( Nadal , Novak Djokovic and Federer have since overtaken him ) , and has been called the best service returner in the history of the game . In retirement , Agassi and Sampras have found bonds to continue their friendship on a deeper level ." }, { "docid": "Andre_Agassi_career_statistics", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of the main career statistics of former tennis player '' ` Andre Agassi ." }, { "docid": "1999_French_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Carlos Moyà was the defending champion , but lost in the fourth round to Andre Agassi . Agassi won in the final , 1 -- 6 , 2 -- 6 , 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 4 , against former World No. 4 Andriy Medvedev . With this win , Agassi became the second man , after Rod Laver , to complete a career Grand Slam in the Open Era . This tournament was also the first Grand Slam in which future World No. 1 Roger Federer competed in the main draw ; he lost to Patrick Rafter in the first round ." }, { "docid": "2000_Paris_Masters_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi was the defending champion but withdrew before the start of the tournament . Marat Safin won the title , defeating Mark Philippoussis 3 -- 6 , 7 -- 6 ( 9 -- 7 ) , 6 -- 4 , 3 -- 6 , 7 -- 6 ( 10 -- 8 ) in the final , and thus became the World Number One ." }, { "docid": "2000_Colonial_Classic_–_Draw", "title": "", "text": "Thomas Enqvist was the defending champion , but lost in the semifinals to Andre Agassi . Andre Agassi won the final after receiving a walkover from Mark Philippoussis due to neck strain ." }, { "docid": "Doug_Flach", "title": "", "text": "Doug Flach ( born August 10 , 1970 in St. Louis , Missouri ) is a former tennis player from the United States . Flach won two doubles titles during his career . The right-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on March 21 , 1994 , when he reached World No. 108 . He defeated Andre Agassi ( seeded third ) in the first round at Wimbledon in 1996 but lost in the third round . He also defeated Agassi in 1997 at Washington , D.C. Additionally , Flach had career wins over Ivan Lendl , Pat Rafter , Gustavo Kuerten , and Thomas Johansson . Flach won two doubles titles : one with Paul Annacone and the other with Sandon Stolle . He retired in 1999 . Flach was an All-American at the University of Tennessee in 1990 . His older brother Ken was a prominent tour doubles player in the late 1980s and early 1990s ." }, { "docid": "1997_Great_American_Insurance_ATP_Championships_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi was the defending champion , but lost in the first round this year . Pete Sampras won the title , defeating Thomas Muster 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 4 in the final ." }, { "docid": "1997_Lipton_Championships_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi was the two time defending champion but lost in the second round to Scott Draper . Thomas Muster won in the final 7 -- 6 ( 8 -- 6 ) , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 1 against Sergi Bruguera ." }, { "docid": "1996_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Pete Sampras was the defending champion , and successfully defended his title , defeating Michael Chang 6 -- 1 , 6 -- 4 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 3 ) in the final to win the men 's singles tennis title at the 1996 US Open . In the draw for the tournament , there were accusations of American favouritism as world number 3 , Michael Chang , and world number 8 , Andre Agassi , were seeded above their world ranking at numbers 2 and 6 respectively . Other players seeded above their world ranking included world number 6 , Goran Ivanišević , being seeded at number 4 , Richard Krajicek , the world number 7 , being seeded at number 5 , and another American Jim Courier , the world number 9 , being seeded at number 8 . Some other players were seeded below their world ranking , including world number 2 , Thomas Muster , who was seeded at number 3 , Boris Becker , the world number 5 , seeded at number 6 , and Yevgeny Kafelnikov , the world number 4 , seeded at number 7 . Becker pulled out of the tournament with an injury and Kafelnikov was so angry at his seeding demotion that he withdrew from the tournament in protest . This was the last Grand Slam that Stefan Edberg competed in . He lost to Ivanišević in the quarterfinals ." }, { "docid": "Marzio_Martelli", "title": "", "text": "Marzio Martelli ( born 14 December 1971 ) is a former professional tennis player from Italy . In 1996 , Martelli reached the semi-finals of the Campionati Internazionali di Sicilia , as a qualifier . En route he defeated second seed Alberto Berasategui . Martelli made the second round of two Grand Slams in 1997 , at Wimbledon and the French Open . On the 1997 ATP Tour , he had his best result at the Bologna Outdoor tournament , beating two top 50 players on the way to a semi-final appearance . He was also a member of the Italian Davis Cup team which lost to Spain that year in the quarter-finals of the World Group . In what would be the only Davis Cup rubber he would ever play , Martelli was defeated by Carlos Moyá , but he did manage to win the second set against the Australian Open runner-up . He lost a four set match to Andre Agassi in the opening round of the 1998 Australian Open . In his fourth and final Grand Slam appearance , at the 1998 French Open , the Italian defeated world number 25 Goran Ivanišević in the first round but was unable to progress any further , losing his next match to Filip Dewulf . Also in 1998 , Martelli put in another good Bologna Outdoor performance , reaching the quarter-finals ." }, { "docid": "1999_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Pete Sampras was the two-time defending champion and won in the final 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 4 , 7 -- 5 against Andre Agassi . With this victory , Sampras equalled Roy Emerson 's record of twelve Grand Slam titles . Sampras ' victory over Agassi in the final is often cited as one of his greatest performances . However , despite his victory , he lost his No. 1 ranking to Agassi the following day , when the ATP Tour rankings were updated . This tournament is also notable as being the last Grand Slam former World No. 1 Boris Becker would partake in and the first Wimbledon appearance for future champions Lleyton Hewitt and Roger Federer ." }, { "docid": "1991_ATP_Tour_World_Championships_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi was the defending champion , but Jim Courier defeated him in the semifinal ." }, { "docid": "1990_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Boris Becker was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Andre Agassi . Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 2 in the final to win the Men 's Singles tennis title at the 1990 US Open . Sampras defeated Ivan Lendl in five sets in the quarterfinals , breaking Lendl 's record streak of eight consecutive men 's finals reached ." }, { "docid": "Agassi_Tennis_Generation", "title": "", "text": "Agassi Tennis Generation is a tennis sports game , developed by Aqua Pacific and published by DreamCatcher Interactive and Cryo Interactive for the PC , PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance . It was originally released for PC on August 12 , 2002 . The game features former tennis player Andre Agassi ." }, { "docid": "Gil_Reyes_(tennis)", "title": "", "text": "Gil Reyes ( born 1952 ) is an American fitness trainer who spent seventeen years as the strength and conditioning trainer for retired tennis player Andre Agassi , from 1989 until Agassi 's retirement in 2006 . He was also considered one of Agassi 's closest friends and confidants ." }, { "docid": "2005_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Roger Federer defeated Andre Agassi 6 -- 3 , 2 -- 6 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 1 ) , 6 -- 1 in the final to win the Men 's Singles tennis title at the 2005 US Open . This was the first US Open that future champions Novak Djokovic , Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka competed in the main draw . Noteworthy in this tournament was a strong performance by the American men , despite former champion and world # 1 Andy Roddick losing in the first round . Wildcard James Blake made the quarterfinal , upsetting # 2 Rafael Nadal in the third round before eventually losing to Agassi in a five-set match . Unheralded American Robby Ginepri , whose run was enhanced by Roddick 's early defeat , made it all the way to the semi-final and lost to Agassi in another five - setter ." }, { "docid": "1990_ATP_Tour_World_Championships_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Stefan Edberg was the defending champion of the singles title at the ATP Tour World Championships men 's tennis tournament , but Andre Agassi defeated him 5 -- 7 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 5 ) , 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 2 in the final ." }, { "docid": "Brian_Teacher", "title": "", "text": "Brian David Teacher ( born December 23 , 1954 ) is a right-handed American former professional male tennis player . He reached a career-high ranking World No. 7 in 1981 . Teacher is best remembered for his singles championship at the Australian Open in 1980 . He won the final over Kim Warwick of Australia in straight sets . With his Grand Slam victory , Teacher is one of only five American male players in the Open era to have won a single Grand Slam event ( along with Michael Chang , Vitas Gerulaitis , Andy Roddick and Roscoe Tanner ) . Seven more Americans have more than one Slam ( Stan Smith , Arthur Ashe , Jim Courier , Jimmy Connors , Andre Agassi , John McEnroe and Pete Sampras ) . Following his playing career , he became an ATP & WTA touring coach working with , among others , Andre Agassi and Greg Rusedski . Under his tutelage , Rusedski made a run from # 85 in the world to the top ten and the U.S. Open finals . Teacher also coached world # 1 doubles players Jim Grabb , Richey Renenberg , Daniel Nestor and Max Mirnyi . On the women 's side , he coached WTA tour player Marissa Irvin . He currently runs the Brian Teacher Tennis Academy in South Pasadena , California ." }, { "docid": "Paris_Masters", "title": "", "text": "The Paris Masters is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players held in Paris , France . It is played indoors at the AccorHotels Arena . The event is part of the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 on the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) Tour . Prior to 1990 it was a premier tournament of the Grand Prix Tour and part of the Grand Prix Super Series . The event is usually the final tournament on the tour before the season-ending ATP World Tour Finals . Because of its sponsorship , the event is officially known as the BNP Paribas Masters . Prior to the Tennis Masters Series replacing the ATP Super 9 in 2000 , the event was known as the Paris Open . It is also often referred to as the Paris Indoor event . Ilie Năstase , Andre Agassi , Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic are the only players to have ever won both Parisian tournaments ( Bercy and the French Open ) . Federer won the French Open in 2009 and Bercy in 2011 , Djokovic won Bercy in 2009 and the French Open in 2016 and Andre Agassi won both in 1999 like Ilie Năstase in 1973 . In 2015 , Marcelo Melo and Ivan Dodig won the doubles events at both tournaments . Novak Djokovic is the only player to successfully defend his title in Paris ( 2013 -- 15 ) . The surface used to be one of the fastest courts in the world which rewarded bold attacking tennis , but since 2011 it has followed the general slow-down of most courts on the tour ." }, { "docid": "1994_Paris_Open", "title": "", "text": "The 1994 Paris Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts . It was the 23rd edition of the Paris Masters , and is part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1995 ATP Tour . It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris , France , from 31 October to 7 November 1994 . Andre Agassi won the singles title . The singles draw was headlined by ATP No. 1 , Indian Wells , Key Biscayne , Rome , Wimbledon , U.S. Open titlist , Queen 's finalist , Australian Open semi-finalist Pete Sampras , Kitzubhel , Tokyo ( 1994 ATP Tokyo Indoor winner ) , Stockholm , Bucharest , Wimbledon runner-up , Paris defending champion Goran Ivanišević and Rotterdam ( 1994 ABN Amro World Tennis Tournament ) , Munich , Halle champion , 1993 Tennis Masters Cup winner Michael Stich . Other top seeds were French Open titlist and Monte Carlo finalist Sergi Bruguera , Doha winner , 1990 Paris champion Stefan Edberg , Boris Becker , Michael Chang and Andre Agassi ." }, { "docid": "1999_ATP_Tour_World_Championships_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Àlex Corretja was the defending champion , but failed to qualify that year . Pete Sampras won in the final 6 -- 1 , 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 4 , against Andre Agassi ." }, { "docid": "2002_Franklin_Templeton_Classic_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Francisco Clavet was the defending champion but lost in the first round to Andre Agassi . Agassi won in the final 6 -- 2 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 2 ) against Juan Balcells ." }, { "docid": "1994_CA-TennisTrophy_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Andre Agassi . Agassi won in the final 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 4 ) , 4 -- 6 , 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 3 against Michael Stich ." }, { "docid": "Björn_Phau", "title": "", "text": "Björn Phau ( born 4 October 1979 ) is a retired German tennis player . He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 59 in June 2006 . Career highlights include reaching five ATP tour semifinals ( Tokyo in 2005 , Casablanca in 2006 , Beijing in 2008 , Houston in 2009 and Zagreb in 2014 ) and finishing runner-up in doubles at Munich in 2006 ( partnering Alexander Peya ) . Phau defeated Andre Agassi 7 -- 5 , 7 -- 5 at the 2006 Dubai Tennis Championships . In an interview , Agassi cited Phau as one of the quickest tennis players he has ever faced . His main strengths are his movement , foot speed and fitness . He is sponsored by Nike and Wilson ." }, { "docid": "Shane_Bertsch", "title": "", "text": "Shane Thomas Bertsch ( born March 30 , 1970 ) is an American professional golfer who has played on the PGA Tour . Bertsch was born in Denver , Colorado . He turned professional in 1994 . Bertsch has won twice on the Nationwide Tour , once in 2000 and once in 2005 . His best PGA Tour finish was a tie for fifth at the 1996 Greater Vancouver Open . Bertsch was once a top-tier tennis player , but gave up the game for good after losing to future world number-one Andre Agassi in 1994 . Bertsch barely missed retaining full tour privileges for 2009 , finished 126th on the money list . He secured a tour card for 2010 by finishing 15th in qualifying school ." }, { "docid": "1990_French_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Michael Chang was the defending champion , but he was defeated in the quarterfinals by nineteen-year-old Andre Agassi . Agassi went on to his first Grand Slam final , where he was defeated by Andrés Gómez , who was also playing in his first Grand Slam final , despite being the favourite . In Agassi 's opinion , as he states in his 2009 autobiography , his defeat in this final was partly due to issues with the wig he was wearing at the time . Gómez became the first Ecuadorian , male or female , to win a Grand Slam . This was his only Grand Slam title in singles ." }, { "docid": "2002_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion , but he was defeated in the semifinals by Andre Agassi . Pete Sampras won his final Grand Slam title in what was also his final Grand Slam appearance , defeating his rival Agassi in the final . It would also be his final ever appearance in any ATP tournament ." } ]
208505	Charles, Prince of Wales was a grandchild of a king.	[ { "docid": "Charles,_Prince_of_Wales", "title": "", "text": "Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay , he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history , having held the position since 1952 . He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover ( the heir presumptive to Queen Anne ) , who died in 1714 at the age of 83 . Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun Schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child , as well as the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a bachelor of arts degree from Trinity College , Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 . In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons : Prince William ( born 1982 ) later to become Duke of Cambridge , and Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced , following well-publicised extramarital affairs . Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year . In 2005 , Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles . Charles 's interests encompass a range of humanitarian and social issues : he founded The Prince 's Trust in 1976 , sponsors The Prince 's Charities , and is patron of numerous other charitable and arts organisations . Charles has long championed organic farming for which he established the Duchy Home Farm , run by the Duchy of Cornwall , which produces ingredients for the Duchy Originals brand which he founded in 1990 . Charles has sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment , such as climate change . As an environmentalist , he has received numerous awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world . His support for alternative medicine , including homeopathy , has been criticised by some in the medical community . He has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings . Subsequently , Charles created Poundbury , an experimental new town based on his theories , in Dorset in 1993 . He has authored a number of books , including A Vision of Britain : A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and the children 's book The Old Man of Lochnagar in 1980 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent", "title": "", "text": "Prince Edward , Duke of Kent , ( Edward George Nicholas Paul Patrick ; born 9 October 1935 ) is a grandchild of King George V and Queen Mary . He has held the title of Duke of Kent since the death of his father in 1942 . The Duke of Kent carries out engagements on behalf of his first cousin , Elizabeth II . He is perhaps best known as president of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club , presenting the trophies to the Wimbledon champion and runner-up . He also served as the United Kingdom 's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment , retiring in 2001 . He is also the president of The Scout Association , the Royal United Services Institute , and the Royal Institution of Great Britain , and since 1967 Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England . The Duke of Kent is also patron of the Institute of Advanced Motorists , an independent road safety charity which specialises in training and advice for post-licence drivers and riders . At the time of his birth , Prince Edward was seventh in the line of succession to the throne of his grandfather King George V , behind the Prince of Wales , the Duke of York , his cousins Elizabeth and Margaret , his uncle , the Duke of Gloucester , and his father . As of the birth of the Duke of Cambridge 's second child , the Queen 's fifth great-grandchild , on 2 May 2015 , the Duke of Kent was 34th in line . As of the death of the 7th Earl of Harewood in 2011 , he became the Queen 's oldest living paternal cousin , although he is nine years younger than the Queen herself . Since his mother was a cousin of Prince Philip , he is also a second cousin to Prince Charles and his siblings ." }, { "docid": "List_of_grandchildren_of_Paul_I_of_Russia", "title": "", "text": "Through his grandchildren , Paul I of Russia is an ancestor of many European royals . Margrethe II of Denmark is a 4x great-grandchild through her great-great grandfather Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia Beatrix of the Netherlands is a 3x great-grandchild through her great-grandfather William III of the Netherlands Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden is a 5x great-grandchild though his great-great-great grandmother Augusta of Saxe-Weimar Charles , Prince of Wales is a 4x great-grandchild through his great-great grandfather Grand Duke Constantine Nicholaievich of Russia Paul I , with his wife Maria Feodorovna ( Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg ) had the following grandchildren : Category : House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov" }, { "docid": "Diana_Russell,_Duchess_of_Bedford", "title": "", "text": "Diana Russell , Duchess of Bedford ( née Lady Diana Spencer ; 31 July 1710 -- 27 September 1735 ) , was a member of the Spencer family known for the unsuccessful attempt of marriage with Frederick , Prince of Wales . Orphaned by the age of 6 , Lady Diana , known by her family as `` dear little Di '' , joined the household of her rich and ambitious maternal grandmother , Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough . She was her grandmother 's favourite grandchild and closest confidante . The highly influential Duchess of Marlborough tried to arrange a secret marriage between Lady Diana and the Prince of Wales , King George II 's eldest son and heir apparent to the throne . When the scheme was frustrated by Prime Minister Robert Walpole , Lady Diana was married off to Lord John Russell , later 4th Duke of Bedford . The couple 's only child was a son named John , whose preterm birth was induced by a carriage accident and who lived for a day . Following a further miscarriage , the Duchess of Bedford died of tuberculosis at the age of 25 . Her brother John 's descendant Lady Diana Spencer , who married Charles , Prince of Wales , in 1981 , was named after her ." }, { "docid": "Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales", "title": "", "text": "Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales ( 7 January 1796 -- 6 November 1817 ) was the only child of George , Prince of Wales ( later to become King George IV ) and Caroline of Brunswick . If she had outlived both her grandfather King George III and her father , she would have become Queen of the United Kingdom , but she died following childbirth at the age of 21 . Charlotte 's parents disliked each other from before their arranged marriage and soon separated . The Prince of Wales left most of Charlotte 's care to governesses and servants , but only allowed her limited contact with the Princess of Wales , who eventually left the country . As Charlotte grew to adulthood , her father pressured her to marry William , Hereditary Prince of Orange ( later King of the Netherlands ) , but after initially accepting him , Charlotte soon broke off the intended match . This resulted in an extended contest of wills between her and her father , and finally the Prince of Wales permitted her to marry Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ( later King of the Belgians ) . After a year and a half of happy marriage , Charlotte died after delivering a stillborn son . Charlotte 's death set off tremendous mourning among the British , who had seen her as a sign of hope and a contrast both to her unpopular father and to her grandfather , whom they deemed mad . As she had been King George III 's only legitimate grandchild , there was considerable pressure on the King 's unmarried sons to find wives . King George III 's fourth son , Prince Edward , Duke of Kent and Strathearn , fathered the eventual heir , Victoria , who was born 18 months after Charlotte 's death ." }, { "docid": "Prince_of_Wales", "title": "", "text": "Prince of Wales ( Tywysog Cymru ) was a title granted to princes born in Wales from the 12th century onwards ; the term replaced the use of the word king . One of the last Welsh princes , Llywelyn ap Gruffudd , was killed in battle in 1282 by Edward I , King of England , whose son Edward , born in Caernarfon Castle , was invested as Prince of Wales : the first English person to claim the title . Since the 13th century , the title is granted to the heir apparent to the English or British monarch , but the failure to be granted the title does not affect the rights to royal succession . The title is granted to the royal heir apparent as a personal honour or dignity , and the title is not heritable , merging with the Crown on accession to the throne . The title Earl of Chester is always given in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales . The Prince of Wales usually has other titles and honours . The current Prince of Wales is Prince Charles , the eldest son of Elizabeth II , who is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other independent Commonwealth realms as well as Head of the 53-member Commonwealth of Nations . The wife of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the title Princess of Wales . Prince Charles 's first wife , Diana , used that title but his second wife , Camilla , uses only the title Duchess of Cornwall because the other title has become so popularly associated with Diana ." }, { "docid": "Prince_of_Wales_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Prince of Wales is the title traditionally given to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom . It originated as the title of independent princes of Wales in the 12th and 13th centuries . It is currently used by Charles , Prince of Wales . The previous holder , Charles ' great-uncle , became Edward VIII , later Duke of Windsor . Albert Edward who became Edward VII held the title longer than any other in history . George IV of the United Kingdom ( 1762 -- 1830 ) In the 12th -- 15th centuries it at times referred to : The King of the Britons Prince of Wales may also refer to :" }, { "docid": "Charles_III", "title": "", "text": "Charles III may refer to : Charles the Fat , Charles III of East Francia , ( 832 -- 888 ) Charles the Simple , Charles III of West Francia , ( 879 -- 929 ) Charles of Valois , duke Charles III of Anjou 1290 -- 1325 Charles III of Alençon ( 1337 -- 1375 ) Charles III of Naples ( died 1386 ) Charles III of Navarre , `` the Noble '' ( 1361 -- 1425 ) Charles III , Duke of Bourbon ( 1490 -- 1527 ) Charles III , Duke of Savoy , `` the Good '' ( 1486 -- 1553 ) Charles III , Duke of Lorraine ( 1543 -- 1608 ) Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor , also Charles III of Hungary and pretender to the throne of Spain as Charles III ( 1685 -- 1740 ) Karl III Philip , Elector Palatine ( 1661 -- 1742 ) Charles Edward Stuart ( 1720 -- 1788 ) , also known as Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Young Pretender , who styled himself `` Charles III , King of England and Scotland '' Charles III of Spain ( 1716 -- 1788 ) Charles III John of Norway or Charles XIV John of Sweden ( 1763 -- 1844 ) Charles III , Duke of Parma ( 1823 -- 1854 ) Charles III , Prince of Monaco ( 1818 -- 1889 ) Charles I of Austria , also known as Charles III , King of Bohemia , ( 1887 -- 1922 ) Possible future regnal name of Charles , Prince of Wales , if he inherits the thrones of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms King Charles III ( play ) , 2014 play by Mike Bartlett on the accession of Charles , Prince of Wales King Charles III ( film ) , a 2017 adaptation of the play Charles III is a boss character from the video game Viewtiful Joe Charles III is the reigning monarch in Richard Dreyfuss and Harry Turtledove 's alternate history novel The Two Georges , mentioned as a son of Edward VIII" }, { "docid": "Prince_Wolfgang_of_Hesse", "title": "", "text": "Prince Wolfgang of Hesse-Kassel ( or Hesse-Cassel ) ( Wolfgang Moritz ) ( 6 November 1896 , Castle Rumpenheim , Offenbach am Main -- 12 July 1989 , Frankfurt ) , was the designated Hereditary Prince of the monarchy of Finland ( with the irredentistic pretension to Estonia ) , and as such , already called the Crown Prince of Finland officially until 14 December 1918 , and also afterwards by some monarchists . Wolfgang was the second-born of a pair of twins , the fourth child and son born to Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse ( 1868 -- 1940 ) and Princess Margaret of Prussia ( 1872 -- 1954 ) . His maternal uncle was the German Emperor William II . Wolfgang 's father Frederick Charles of Hesse was elected King of Finland on 9 October 1918 , to replace his first cousin once removed , the deposed Russian emperor , Nicholas II , who was titled Grand Duke of Finland . However , Frederick Charles renounced the throne on 14 December 1918 , and the title was never actually held by the family . Wolfgang would have been his father 's heir as King of Finland instead of his elder twin Prince Philipp of Hesse ( 1896 -- 1980 ) , apparently because Wolfgang was with his parents in 1918 and ready to travel to Finland ( where rumoredly a wedding to a Finnish lady already was in the preparation for the coming Crown Prince ) . Philip was in the military and incommunicado at the time . Wolfgang married on 17 September 1924 Princess Marie Alexandra of Baden ( 1902 -- 1944 ) , daughter of Prince Maximilian of Baden and Princess Marie Louise of Hanover ; they had no children . Wolfgang adopted his nephew , Prince Karl Adolf of Hesse ( born 1937 ) , elder son of his younger brother Christoph who was killed in action in 1943 . At the time of his death at the age of 92 , Wolfgang was the only surviving great-grandchild of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom who had been born in her lifetime . Victoria died in 1901 and Wolfgang was born in 1896 ." }, { "docid": "For_the_Honour_of_Wales", "title": "", "text": "For the Honour of Wales was a masque written by Ben Jonson and first performed on 17 February 1618 . It was written in honour of Charles Stuart , Prince of Wales . Jonson 's previous work , Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue , had been written to celebrate Charles 's investiture as Prince of Wales in 1616 , but the prince 's father , King James I of England , had made no secret of the fact that he found it tedious . Jonson responded with this more entertaining work , which included comic scenes featuring stereotypical Welshmen . He drew on William Camden 's Britannia for his source material , as he had done for earlier works ." }, { "docid": "Prince_Frederick_of_Great_Britain", "title": "", "text": "For his father , see Frederick , Prince of Wales ; for his nephew , see Prince Frederick , Duke of York and Albany Prince Frederick ( Frederick William ; 13 May 1750 -- 29 December 1765 ) , was a member of the British Royal Family , a grandchild of George II and the youngest brother of George III ." }, { "docid": "Prince_Henry", "title": "", "text": "Prince Henry ( or Prince Harry ) may refer to : Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) , formally Prince Henry of Wales , second son of Charles , Prince of Wales , and currently fifth in line to the throne of the United Kingdom Prince Henry , Duke of Gloucester ( 1900 -- 1974 ) , third son of George V of the United Kingdom Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal ( 1394 -- 1460 ) Henry Frederick Stuart ( 1593/4 -1612 ) , son of James I of England Henry , Duke of Cornwall , either of two sons of Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon , who both died in infancy Prince Henry of Prussia ( 1726 -- 1802 ) , son of King Frederick William I of Prussia Prince Heinrich of Prussia ( 1862 -- 1929 ) , son of Frederick III , German Emperor Henry the Young King , son of Henry II of England , who was crowned king but predeceased his father Prince Harry or Hal , a character in Shakespeare 's Henry IV , based on the future King Henry V Prince Harry ( Blackadder ) , a fictional character in the first series of the British TV comedy Blackadder . Prince Henry of Portugal was also a major part of the Atlantic slave trade . Prince Henry of Portugal also had a navigation school !" }, { "docid": "King_Charles_III_(play)", "title": "", "text": "King Charles III is a 2014 play in blank verse by Mike Bartlett . It was premiered at the Almeida Theatre , London , in April 2014 and centres on the accession and reign of King Charles III of the United Kingdom , the possible regnal name of the real Charles , Prince of Wales , and the limiting of the freedom of the press after the News International phone hacking scandal . A 90-minute television adaptation was broadcast on BBC Two on 10 May , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "Carl_of_Sweden", "title": "", "text": "Carl of Sweden - English also often : Charles ; Swedish also officially : Karl - may refer to : Charles VII of Sweden , actually Carl I , King of Sweden 1161-1167 Charles VIII of Sweden , actually Carl II , King of Sweden 15th century ( and of Norway as Carl I ) Carl III to Carl VI , regal ordinals used only according to fictitious lists of Swedish kings Charles IX of Sweden , Carl IX , King of Sweden 1604-1611 Charles X Gustav of Sweden , Carl X Gustav , King of Sweden 1654-1660 Charles XI of Sweden , Carl XI , King of Sweden 1660-1697 Charles XII of Sweden , Carl XII , King of Sweden 1697-1718 Charles XIII of Sweden , Carl XIII , King of Sweden 1809-1818 ( and of Norway as Carl II ) Charles XIV John of Sweden , Carl XIV John , King of Sweden 1818-1844 ( and of Norway as Carl III John ) Charles XV of Sweden , Carl XV , King of Sweden 1859-1872 ( and of Norway as Carl IV ) Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden , Carl XVI Gustaf , King of Sweden from 1973 Carl , Prince of Sweden circa 1182 , son of King Sverker II of Sweden or Sweartgar II Carl , Prince of Sweden 1470 , son of King Charles VIII of Sweden or Carl II Carl , Prince of Sweden 1544 , son of King Gustav I of Sweden ( died in infancy ) Charles Philip , Duke of Södermanland or Carl Philip , Prince of Sweden 1601 Carl Gustav , Prince of Sweden 1686 , son of King Charles XI of Sweden or Carl XI ( died in infancy ) Charles Frederick , Duke of Holstein-Gottorp , Carl Frederick , Swedish prince 1700 and/or pretender to the throne Prince Carl Gustav , Duke of Småland 1782 , son of till King Gustav III ( died in infancy ) Carl Adolph , Prince of Sweden 1798 , son of King Charles XIII of Sweden , Carl XIII ( died in infancy ) Carl Gustav , Prince of Sweden 1802 , son of till King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden ( died in infancy ) Charles August , Crown Prince of Sweden , Carl August , Crown Prince of Sweden 1810 Prince Carl Oscar , Duke of Södermanland , Prince of Sweden and Norway 1852 Prince Carl , Duke of Västergötland , Prince of Sweden and Norway 1861 Carl , Prince Bernadotte , Prince of Sweden 1911 Carl Johan Bernadotte ( legal name ) , Prince of Sweden 1916 Prince Carl Philip , Duke of Värmland , Prince of Sweden 1979" }, { "docid": "Charles,_Prince_of_Wales_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Charles , Prince of Wales may refer to : Charles , Prince of Wales ( born 14 November 1948 ) , the present Prince of Wales , son and Heir Apparent to Queen Elizabeth II Charles I of England ( 1600 -- 1649 ) , Prince of Wales from 1616 until his accession to the throne in 1625 Charles II of England ( 1630 -- 1685 ) , from his birth in 1630 until his father 's death in 1649 . Although he used the title , it was never formally invested Charles Edward Stuart ( 1720 -- 1788 ) , Jacobite `` Young Pretender '' , often called Bonnie Prince Charlie , elder son of the `` Old Pretender ''" }, { "docid": "Maria_of_Antioch_(pretender)", "title": "", "text": "Maria of Antioch ( died after 10 December 1307 ) , daughter of Prince Bohemond IV of Antioch and his second wife Melisende de Lusignan , was the pretender to the throne of Jerusalem from 1269 to 1277 . By her mother , she was the granddaughter of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem , and her fourth husband , King Amalric II of Jerusalem . Prior to 1268 , the principal Pretender to the throne of Jerusalem was Conradin , a great-grandson of Isabella I of Jerusalem . He was executed in 1268 by Charles of Anjou , who had by papal authority seized Conradin 's rightful Kingdom of Sicily . At the time of his death , Mary was the only living grandchild of Queen Isabella ; this allowed her to claim the throne of Jerusalem on the basis of proximity in blood to the Kings of Jerusalem ( in feudal successions , proximity - a form of seniority - was a strong claim ) . The Haute Cour of Jerusalem passed over her claim , however , and instead chose Hugh III of Cyprus - a great grandson of Queen Isabella - as the next ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . Maria then went to Rome and proposed the sale of her rights to Charles of Anjou ; with papal blessing and confirmation , these were sold to Charles in 1277 . Charles then took the title King of Jerusalem , and conquered Acre , holding it until 1285 . Thereafter , the claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem frequently changed hands , being passed down by testament or conquest rather than by direct inheritance . Maria died , childless , in Castello de Canosa , Apulia , after 10 December 1307 ." }, { "docid": "Prince_Vittorio_Emanuele,_Count_of_Turin", "title": "", "text": "Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy-Aosta , Infante of Spain , Count of Turin ( 24 November 1870 -- 10 October 1946 ) was a grandchild of King Victor Emmanuel II and a member of the House of Savoy . He was a cousin of Victor Emmanuel III ." }, { "docid": "Honours_of_the_Principality_of_Wales", "title": "", "text": "The Honours of the Principality of Wales are the regalia used at the investiture of Princes of Wales , made up of a coronet , a ring , a rod , a sword , a girdle , and a mantle . All but the coronet date from the investiture of Prince Edward ( later Edward VIII then Duke of Windsor ) in 1911 when most of the Honours of Wales were redesigned . The present coronet takes the form laid down in a royal warrant issued by Charles II in 1677 , which states , `` The son and heir apparent of the Crown shall use and bear his coronet of crosses and fleurs-de-lis with one arch and a ball and cross '' . Within the frame , which is made of gold , is a velvet cap lined with ermine . The present coronet was made for the investiture of Charles , Prince of Wales in 1969 as the Coronet of George was still in the possession of the Duke of Windsor who was living in exile in France . The defunct coronet and its predecessor the Coronet of Frederick are now a part of the Crown Jewels in the Jewel House at the Tower of London . The original coronets as worn by the Welsh rulers of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and other Welsh principalities have been lost . Llywelyn 's coronet was seized by the king of England in 1284 and is known only to history . The fates of the coronets of the rulers of the other princely states , if they ever had them , are not known . The regalia were on display at the National Museum of Wales from 1974 until 2011 when they were put into storage at St James 's Palace , London ." }, { "docid": "Ana_Gruzinsky-Golitsyn", "title": "", "text": "Princess Ana Gruzinsky-Golitsyna ( ანა გრუზინსკი-გოლიცინა , Анна Грузинская-Голицына , 17 August 1763 -- 11 October 1842 ) was a Georgian royal princess ( batonishvili ) of the Bagrationi dynasty of Mukhrani branch . She was the daughter of Alexander Bagration-Gruzinsky , grandchild of Prince Bakar of Kartli and great-grandchild of King Vakhtang VI of Kartli . She had one brother , Georgy Gruzinsky . Her mother , Princess Daria Alexandrovna Menshikova , was the granddaughter of Alexander Danilovich Menshikov , who was the de facto ruler of Russia from 1725 -- 1727 . In 1790 , Ana married Prince Boris Andreevich Golitsyn , who was a close friend of Georgian general Pyotr Bagration . Ana died on 11 October 1842 in Saint Petersburg , and is buried in Coastal Monastery of St. Sergius ." }, { "docid": "Charles_III_of_England", "title": "", "text": "There has not been an English , Scottish nor British king with the title Charles III , but it is sometimes used to refer to : Charles Edward Stuart ( 1720 -- 1788 ) , Jacobite pretender to the throne Charles , Prince of Wales ( born 1948 ) , heir apparent to the throne of the United Kingdom" }, { "docid": "Prince_Alexander,_Duke_of_Södermanland", "title": "", "text": "Prince Alexander of Sweden , Duke of Södermanland ( Alexander Erik Hubertus Bertil ; born 19 April 2016 ) , is the only child of Prince Carl Philip and Princess Sofia , Duke and Duchess of Värmland . He is the fifth grandchild and third grandson of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia . He is the youngest member of the Swedish Royal Family and is fifth in the line of succession to the Swedish throne ." }, { "docid": "Sir_Charles_Mordaunt,_10th_Baronet", "title": "", "text": "Sir Charles Mordaunt , 10th Baronet ( 28 April 1836 -- 15 October 1897 ) , was a wealthy English country gentleman , a Conservative Member of Parliament for South Warwickshire ( 1859 -- 1868 ) and High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1879 . He became notorious for involving Prince Albert Edward , The Prince of Wales ( later King Edward VII ) , in his divorce case ." }, { "docid": "Richard_Middleton_(priest)", "title": "", "text": "Richard Middleton ( died 1641 ) was a Church of England clergyman and writer who served as Archdeacon of Cardigan and chaplain to Charles , Prince of Wales ( later King Charles I ) ." }, { "docid": "Prince_Oscar,_Duke_of_Skåne", "title": "", "text": "Prince Oscar of Sweden , Duke of Skåne ( Oscar Carl Olof ; born 2 March 2016 ) , is the younger child and only son of Crown Princess Victoria and her husband Prince Daniel . He is the fourth grandchild and second grandson of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia . He is third in the line of succession to the Swedish throne , after his mother and his sister , Princess Estelle ." }, { "docid": "Princess_Stephanie_of_Windisch-Graetz", "title": "", "text": "Princess Stéphanie of Windisch-Graetz ( April 4 , 1909 in Ploskovice , Bohemia -- May 29 , 2005 in Uccle , Belgium ) was the daughter of Prince Otto Weriand of Windisch-Graetz ( 1873 -- 1952 ) and Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria ( 1883 -- 1963 ) , only child of Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria and Princess Stéphanie of Belgium . She was the great-grandchild of Emperor Franz-Joseph and Empress Elisabeth ( ` Sissi ' ) of Austria . She was also the great-grandchild of King Leopold II of Belgium . Her full name was Stéphanie Eleonore Maria Elisabeth Kamilla Philomena Veronika zu Windisch-Grätz in German , and Stéphanie Éléonore Marie Élisabeth Camille Philomène Véronique de Windisch-Grätz in French . She may have been named after her maternal grandmother , Princess Stéphanie of Belgium . Her nickname in the family was Fée ." }, { "docid": "Coronet_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales", "title": "", "text": "The Coronet of Charles , Prince of Wales is a small crown that is part of the Honours of Wales . The gold coronet , with diamonds set in platinum , was made for and used by Prince Charles at his investiture as Prince of Wales in 1969 . Designed by the artist Louis Osman , the coronet was a gift from the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths to the prince 's mother , Queen Elizabeth II . It has been described as modern but its form is traditional . The coronet is in storage along with the other Welsh regalia at St James 's Palace , London ." }, { "docid": "The_Prince's_Charities", "title": "", "text": "The Prince 's Charities , The Prince 's Charities Canada ( Les Œuvres de bienfaisance du prince au Canada ) , and The Prince 's Charities Australia are three groups of non-profit organisations that each have associations with Prince Charles , Prince of Wales . The Prince 's Charities , supported by The Prince 's Charities Foundation , is based in the United Kingdom and comprises 19 organisations of which the Prince of Wales is patron or president ; 18 were founded personally by Charles . The Prince 's Charities Canada is a Canadian entity formed by a collection of nine preexisting charitable organisations with prior connections to the Prince of Wales . All the charities focus on Charles ' core interests , including aiding disadvantaged youth , education , responsible business , improvement of the built environment , regeneration of heritage , and environmental sustainability ." }, { "docid": "Isabella_Ingram-Seymour-Conway,_Marchioness_of_Hertford", "title": "", "text": "Isabella Anne Seymour-Conway , Marchioness of Hertford ( 1759 -- 12 April 1834 ) was an English courtier and mistress of King George IV when he was Prince of Wales . She was a daughter of Charles Ingram , 9th Viscount of Irvine , and married Francis Seymour-Conway , the second Marquess of Hertford in 1776 , at age sixteen . Tall , handsome and elegant , she soon caught the attention of the Prince of Wales . His attentions were not welcomed by her husband , who took her to Ireland to keep her from the Prince . However , this only increased his passion for Lady Hertford , and she became George 's mistress in 1807 . As a result , the Prince was a regular guest at Hertford House , Hertford 's London residence , and Ragley Hall in Warwickshire . A Tory herself , she was influential in turning the Prince toward the Tories , and used her London residence as the headquarters for Tory sympathizers . On the death of her mother in 1807 , she inherited Temple Newsam in West Yorkshire , where the Prince of Wales had paid her a visit . She and her husband added the name of Ingram to their surname due to the fortune they received . Lady Hertford 's relationship with the Prince , now Prince Regent , ended in 1819 , when he turned his attentions to Elizabeth Conyngham , Marchioness Conyngham . According to Greville 's diary for 9 June 1820 : `` Somebody asked Lady Hertford if she had been aware of the King 's admiration for Lady Conyngham , and ` whether he had ever talked to her about Lady C ' . She replied that ` intimately as she had known the King , and openly as he had always talked to her upon every subject , he had never ventured to speak to her upon that of his mistresses ' . '' Lady Hertford died in 1834 ." }, { "docid": "Elizabeth_at_90:_A_Family_Portrait", "title": "", "text": "Elizabeth at 90 : A Family Portrait is a 2016 television documentary film made to commemorate the 90th birthday of Queen Elizabeth II . It was produced by the BBC and directed by John Bridcut , and narrated by Charles , Prince of Wales . Aside from archive footage , the programme featured extensive footage shot by the Queen , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , Princess Margaret , King George VI and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother . The footage had never been publicly shown and came from the Queen 's private archive of homemade films . The footage shown was interspersed with members of the British royal family commenting on the films . The film featured contributions from the Queen , the Prince of Wales , Anne , Princess Royal , Prince William , Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry , Lady Sarah Chatto , Prince Edward , Duke of Kent and Princess Alexandra , The Honourable Lady Ogilvy ." }, { "docid": "Henry_Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales", "title": "", "text": "Henry Frederick , Prince of Wales ( 19 February 1594 -- 6 November 1612 ) was the elder son of James I and VI , King of England and Scotland , and his wife , Anne of Denmark . His name derives from his grandfathers : Henry Stuart , Lord Darnley , and Frederick II of Denmark . Prince Henry was widely seen as a bright and promising heir to his father 's thrones . However , at the age of 18 , he predeceased his father when he died of typhoid fever . His younger brother Charles succeeded him as heir apparent to the English , Irish and Scottish thrones ." }, { "docid": "James_Fullerton_(courtier)", "title": "", "text": "Sir James Fullerton ( c. 1563 -- 7 January 1631 ) was a courtier and politician during the reigns of James I of England and Charles I . He was probably the son of John Fullerton . He was a fellow of Trinity College Dublin , one of the first two created at its establishment . Known as `` a Scotch gentleman of great learning and very great worth '' he was brought to the English court by King James I in 1610 to serve Prince Charles . He was created groom of the stole in 1616 , when Charles became Prince of Wales . In 1625 he was elected to Parliament for St Mawes constituency . During the Parliament , he worked on a bill to permit coal mining in Macclesfield , and worked on a religious address and a bill to prevent secret inquisitions . He was ordered to present Parliament 's protestations to King Charles setting out their position against further financial ` supply ' . He was appointed to represent Portsmouth in 1626 . Later he served as ambassador to France . He is buried in Westminster Abbey ." } ]
124218	Man of Steel is a superhero movie from 2013.	[ { "docid": "Man_of_Steel_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film featuring the DC Comics character Superman . It is a British-American venture produced by Legendary Pictures , DC Entertainment , Syncopy Inc. , and Cruel and Unusual Films , and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the first installment in the DC Extended Universe . The film is directed by Zack Snyder , written by David S. Goyer , and stars Henry Cavill , Amy Adams , Michael Shannon , Kevin Costner , Diane Lane , Laurence Fishburne , Antje Traue , Ayelet Zurer , Christopher Meloni , and Russell Crowe . Man of Steel is a reboot of the Superman film series that retells the character 's origin story . In the film , Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton and assumes the role of mankind 's protector as Superman , but finds himself having to prevent General Zod from destroying humanity . Development began in 2008 , when Warner Bros. took pitches from comic book writers , screenwriters and directors , opting to reboot the franchise . In 2009 , a court ruling resulted in Jerry Siegel 's family recapturing the rights to Superman 's origins and Siegel 's copyright . The decision stated that Warner Bros. did not owe the families additional royalties from previous films , but if they did not begin production on a Superman film by 2011 , then the Shuster and Siegel estates would be able to sue for lost revenue on an unproduced film . Producer Christopher Nolan pitched Goyer 's idea after story discussion on The Dark Knight Rises , and Snyder was hired as the film 's director in October 2010 . Principal photography began in August 2011 in West Chicago , Illinois , before moving to Vancouver and Plano , Illinois . Man of Steel was released in theaters on June 14 , 2013 , in conventional 2D , 3D , and IMAX formats . Despite receiving mixed reviews , the film became a box office success , grossing over $ 668 million worldwide . Critics praised the film 's visuals , action sequences , and Hans Zimmer 's musical score but criticized its pacing and lack of character development . A follow-up , Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice was released on March 25 , 2016 while a standalone Superman sequel is in active development ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Robotman", "title": "", "text": "Robotman may refer to : Robotman ( Cliff Steele ) , a DC Comics superhero and member of the Doom Patrol Robotman ( Robert Crane ) , a Golden Age DC Comics superhero and a member of the All-Star Squadron Monty ( comic strip ) , originally Robotman , an American syndicated comic strip by Jim Meddick `` Robot Man '' , a 1960 song by Connie Francis `` Robot Man '' , a 1981 song from the Rick Wakeman album 1984 featuring Chaka Khan Robotman & Friends , a 1985 TV movie" }, { "docid": "Movie_Masters", "title": "", "text": "Movie Masters is an action figure toyline from Mattel based on popular movie franchises most notably DC Comics . The line has featured characters from the films Superman , Avatar , The Dark Knight trilogy , Green Lantern , and Man of Steel . Figures in the line are sculpted by Four Horsemen Studios , who also sculpted figures for Mattel 's DC Superheroes and DC Universe Classics lines ." }, { "docid": "Batman_XXX:_A_Porn_Parody", "title": "", "text": "Batman XXX : A Porn Parody is a 2010 pornographic superhero comedy film that parodies the 1960s Batman television series . It features many of the recurring characters , settings , and production elements of the series , but adds an explicitly sexual element which was not present in the original material . The film is the first of several films by Vivid Entertainment to feature parodies of well-known superhero portrayals in movies and television . The positive reaction to the film caused Vivid to announce plans for an entire line of similar films , to be released under the new Axel Braun-led imprint Vivid Superhero . Braun later directed another Batman-themed porn parody : 2012 's Dark Knight XXX : A Porn Parody , where Batman is portrayed by Giovanni Francesco , who reprises the role in the 2013 film Man of Steel XXX : An Axel Braun Parody and in the 2015 film `` Batman v Superman XXX : An Axel Braun Parody '' ." }, { "docid": "Batman:_The_Dark_Knight_Returns_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Batman : The Dark Knight Returns is a two-part direct-to-video animated superhero film , an adaptation of the 1986 comic book The Dark Knight Returns by Frank Miller . It was directed by Jay Oliva , who worked as a storyboard artist on Man of Steel , Under the Red Hood , Year One and Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice . Several other Batman veterans were also involved in the film . Part 1 was released September 25 , 2012 , and Part 2 was released January 29 , 2013 . A deluxe edition combining both films was released on October 8 , 2013 . It is the 15th film in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series ." }, { "docid": "Lego_Superman", "title": "", "text": "Lego Superman is a part of the 2012 Lego theme DC Universe Superheroes which features character Superman . The first set was released in December 2012 ; the second in 2013 based on the Superman film Man of Steel . The characters from the first set featured in Lego Batman 2 : DC Super Heroes which were Superman , Wonder Woman and Lex Luthor . As of October 2012 there are four Lego Superman sets ." }, { "docid": "Cicak_Man_3", "title": "", "text": "Cicak Man 3 ( pronounced -LSB- - mayˈtʃitʃaʔ ˈman -RSB- ) is a 2015 Malaysian comedy-superhero film . It is the third installment of the Cicak Man series . The film was co-directed by Yusry Abdul Halim and Ghaz Abu Bakar and starred Zizan Razak who replaced Saiful Apek from the previous two movies . The film , published by KRU Studios , takes place 7 years after the events of the second movie where the eponymous superhero has disappeared and a replacement known as SuperBro takes his place as the number one hero in the city . The film premiered on 12 March 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Superhero_Movie", "title": "", "text": "Superhero Movie is a 2008 American superhero comedy film written and directed by Craig Mazin , produced by Robert K. Weiss and David Zucker , and starring Drake Bell , Sara Paxton , Christopher McDonald , and Leslie Nielsen . It was originally titled Superhero ! as a nod to one of the Zuckers ' previous films , Airplane ! , in which Nielsen also starred . A spoof of the superhero film genre , primarily the first Spider-Man , as well as other modern-day Marvel Comics film adaptations , the film follows in the footsteps of the Scary Movie series of comedies , with which the film 's poster shares a resemblance . It was also inspired by , and contains homages to , some of Zucker , Abrahams and Zucker 's earlier spoof films such as Airplane ! and The Naked Gun . Production began on September 17 , 2007 , in New York . It was released on March 28 , 2008 in the United States to generally negative reviews from critics ( but more positive than earlier entries such as Date Movie and Meet the Spartans ) and moderate box office success , grossing over $ 71 million worldwide ." }, { "docid": "Superhero_film", "title": "", "text": "A superhero film , superhero movie or superhero motion picture is a film that is focused on the actions of one or more superheroes : individuals who usually possess superhuman abilities relative to a normal person and are dedicated to protecting the public . These films typically feature action , adventure , fantasy and/or science fiction elements , with the first film of a particular character often including a focus on the origin of his or her special powers and his or her first confrontation with his or her most famous supervillain or archenemy . Most superhero movies are based on superhero comics . By contrast , several films such as the RoboCop series , The Meteor Man , Unbreakable , The Incredibles , Hancock and They Call Me Jeeg are original for the screen , while The Green Hornet is based primarily on the original radio series and its 1960s television adaptation , and both Underdog and The Powerpuff Girls are based on animated television series . The most notable and successful superhero films of the present day are films set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe starting with Iron Man ( 2008 ) and Christopher Nolan 's Dark Knight Trilogy ." }, { "docid": "Lloyd_Phillips", "title": "", "text": "Lloyd Phillips ( 1949 -- 25 January 2013 ) was a South African-born New Zealand film producer . In 1980 , he produced the movie The Dollar Bottom . The film received an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1981 , making Phillips the first New Zealander to win an Academy Award in any category . Phillips was an executive producer on films such as Inglourious Basterds , The Tourist , and Man of Steel . His commercially most successful films had been Man of Steel which grossed US$ 649 million , Inglourious Basterds which grossed US$ 321 million and The Tourist which grossed US$ 278 million worldwide . Phillips died of a heart attack on 25 January 2013 in Malibu , California , at the age of 63 . A message reading ` In Memory Of Lloyd Phillips 1949-2013 ' appears during the ending credits of Man of Steel . Phillips ' widow , film producer Beau St. Clair , died on January 9 , 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Superman:_The_Man_of_Steel_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Superman : The Man of Steel was a monthly comics series that ran from 1986 to 2003 . Superman : The Man of Steel may also refer to : Superman : The Man of Steel ( 2002 video game ) , a video game for Xbox Superman : The Man of Steel ( 1993 video game ) , a Master System game Superman : The Man of Steel ( 1989 video game ) Man of Steel ( film ) , the 2013 Superman film The Man of Steel ( comics ) , a 1986 comic book limited series" }, { "docid": "Supersonic_Man", "title": "", "text": "Supersonic Man is a Spanish/Italian superhero movie directed by Juan Piquer Simón and released in 1979 . It stars Michael Coby and Cameron Mitchell . On October 11 , 2013 , it was released by RiffTrax as a Video On Demand download via their website , featuring former Mystery Science Theater 3000 cast members Michael J. Nelson , Kevin Murphy and Bill Corbett providing a mocking audio commentary ." }, { "docid": "Commander_Steel", "title": "", "text": "Commander Steel ( also Steel or Citizen Steel ) is the name of three superheroes published by DC Comics , all members of the same family . The first Steel appeared in Steel , The Indestructible Man # 1 ( 1978 ) published by DC Comics , and was created by Gerry Conway and Don Heck . His stories were set in World War II . The two later characters called Steel are his grandsons ." }, { "docid": "Steel_(John_Henry_Irons)", "title": "", "text": "Steel ( John Henry Irons ) , also known as the Man of Iron , is a fictional character , a superhero in the DC Universe ." }, { "docid": "Man_of_Steel", "title": "", "text": "Man of Steel may refer to : Superman , a fictional character nicknamed `` the Man of Steel '' Man of Steel ( film ) , a 2013 Superman film directed by Zack Snyder and starring Henry Cavill The Man of Steel ( comics ) , a 1986 comic book limited series Superman : The Man of Steel ( 2002 video game ) , a video game for Xbox Superman : The Man of Steel , a monthly comic book series about Superman from 1991 to 2003 Man of Steel ( musical ) , an Australian comic musical Steel ( John Henry Irons ) or The Man of Steel Metallo , sometimes also known as `` Man of Steel '' Superman : Man of Steel , a series of action figures , based on The Death of Superman Man of Steel ( album ) , a 1983 album by Hank Williams , Jr. . `` Man of Steel '' ( song ) , a song on Meat Loaf 's album Could n't Have Said It Better Man of Steel ( sculpture ) , a proposed sculpture in South Yorkshire , England Man of Steel Awards , an annual award for Super League 's player of the season in rugby league Joseph Stalin ( 1878 -- 1953 ) , Soviet leader whose nom de guerre ( Stalin ) literally means `` man of steel '' Narendra Chaudhary ( 1968-2016 ) , Indian bomb defusing expert nicknamed `` Steel Man ''" }, { "docid": "Superman_vs._Spider-Man_XXX:_An_Axel_Braun_Parody", "title": "", "text": "Superman vs. Spider-Man XXX : An Axel Braun Parody is a 2012 pornographic superhero comedy film . The film is the first of several films by Vivid Entertainment to feature parodies of well-known superhero portrayals in movies and television . The positive reaction to the film caused Vivid to announce plans for an entire line of similar films , to be released under the new Axel Braun-led imprint Vivid Superhero ." }, { "docid": "Zack_Snyder", "title": "", "text": "Zachary Edward `` Zack '' Snyder ( born March 1 , 1966 ) is an American filmmaker , best known for his action , superhero and science fiction films . Snyder made his feature film debut with the 2004 remake of the horror film Dawn of the Dead . Since then , he has done a number of comic book and superhero films , including 300 ( 2007 ) and Watchmen ( 2009 ) , as well as the Superman film that started the DC Extended Universe , Man of Steel ( 2013 ) and its follow-ups , Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice ( 2016 ) and Justice League ( 2017 ) . He also co-wrote the screenplays for 300 , Sucker Punch and 300 : Rise of an Empire . Snyder is the co-founder of Cruel and Unusual Films , a production company he established in 2004 , alongside his wife Deborah Snyder and producing partner Wesley Coller ." }, { "docid": "Max_Steel_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Max Steel may refer to : Max Steel to the Mattel toy line Max Steel ( 2000 TV series ) , a 2000 animated series Max Steel ( 2013 TV series ) , a 2013 animated series Max Steel : Covert Missions , a video game based on the Max Steel franchise Max Steel ( film ) , a 2016 film Max Steel : Endangered Species , a direct to DVD movie Max Steel : Forces of Nature , another direct to DVD movie Category : Max Steel" }, { "docid": "Italian_Spiderman", "title": "", "text": "Italian Spiderman is an Australian film parody of Italian action -- adventure films of the 1960s and 1970s , first released on YouTube in 2007 . The parody purports to be a `` lost Italian film '' by Alrugo Entertainment , an Australian film-making collective formed by Dario Russo , Tait Wilson , David Ashby , Will Spartalis and Boris Repasky . Ostensibly an Italian take on the comic book superhero Spider-Man , the film is a reference to foreign movies that misappropriate popular American superheroes such as the Turkish film `` 3 Dev Adam '' , and licensed series such as the Japanese TV series `` Spider-Man '' , both of which alter the character of Spider-Man for foreign audiences . Other notable entries include the Indian version of Superman ( 1987 ) , The Three Fantastic Supermen ( 1967 ) and La Mujer Murcielago ( The Batwoman ) ( 1968 ) . It also resembles the movie Bathman dal pianeta Eros ( 1982 ) . A trailer was released , followed by a full-length feature made up of ten mini-episodes ." }, { "docid": "Ho_Yinsen", "title": "", "text": "Professor Ho Yinsen is a fictional comic book character who appears in books published by Marvel Comics , usually as a supporting character of the superhero Iron Man ( Tony Stark ) , and plays a key role in Iron Man 's origin story as a mentor and co-builder of his first armor . Actor Shaun Toub portrayed the character in 2008 superhero film Iron Man and the 2013 sequel Iron Man 3 ." }, { "docid": "Charles_Roven", "title": "", "text": "Charles Roven ( born August 2 , 1949 ) is an American film producer and the president and co-founder of Atlas Entertainment . He is probably best known for producing the superhero films The Dark Knight Trilogy , Suicide Squad , Man of Steel , Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice and more . He was married to producer Dawn Steel from 1985 until her death in 1997 . The two have a daughter , Rebecca , born in March 1987 . Roven later married resterateur Stephanie Haymes , the daughter of entertainers Dick Haymes and Fran Jeffries ." }, { "docid": "Ultraman_Ginga_Theater_Special", "title": "", "text": "is a Japanese kaiju , and superhero , film , serving as the film adaptation of the 2013 Ultra Series television series Ultraman Ginga . It was released in September 7 , 2013 , which takes place during the season break of Ultraman Ginga , in-between episodes six and seven . This movie is double-billed with short CGI movie , , one of the shorts for the 2013 cardass game Mega Monster Rush : Ultra Frontier , which played first before the premier of the movie . A DVD and Blu-Ray release of the movie was sold in December 25 , 2013 by Bandai Visual , costing around 3,990 and 5,040 Yen respectively . The main catchphrase in this movie is ." }, { "docid": "Man_of_Action_Studios", "title": "", "text": "Man of Action Entertainment is an American writer collective specializing in various brands of media ranging from television , films , comic books , and animation . The studio is best known for their hit animated action shows , superhero drama , movies live action and serial comics , such as Ben 10 , Generator Rex and Big Hero 6 . Man of Action Entertainment is owned and operated by comic book writers and artists Duncan Rouleau , Joe Casey , Joe Kelly , and Steven T. Seagle ." }, { "docid": "Lego_Spider-Man", "title": "", "text": "Lego Spider-Man is a product range of the Lego construction toy , based on the first two Spider-Man movies . The theme was first introduced in 2002 as a sub-brand of the Lego Studios theme , to tie in with the release of the first Spider-Man film . Three new sets were released in 2003 , this time without the Lego Studios branding . In 2004 , 7 new sets were introduced , to tie-in with the Spider-Man 2 movie . After this , the line was discontinued , and the rights to the third film in the series Spider-Man 3 were sold instead to rival company MEGA Brands , resulting in a Spider-Man 3 range of the Mega Bloks toy . However , in 2012 LEGO released a set based on the Ultimate Spider-Man animated series in their Marvel Superheroes line ." }, { "docid": "Man_with_the_Steel_Whip", "title": "", "text": "Man with the Steel Whip is a 1954 Republic Movie serial . It uses considerable stock footage from previous Republic serials `` Zorro 's Black Whip '' , `` The Painted Stallion '' and `` Daredevils of the West '' . As with any serial from the 1950s , it is not considered to be one of the best examples of the format . It uses the standard plot of an illicit `` land grab '' coupled with a new spin on the Zorro story ( as Republic wished to use old stock footage from their Zorro serials but had since lost the licence for that property ) ." }, { "docid": "Steel_Spider", "title": "", "text": "The edgy knockoff ( Oliver `` Ollie '' Octavious ) is a fictional character , a superhero who appears in the comic books published by Marvel Comics , primarily in the various Spider-Man titles ." }, { "docid": "Henry_Cavill", "title": "", "text": "Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill ( -LSB- ˈkævᵻl -RSB- born 5 May 1983 ) is a British actor . Cavill began his career starring in the film adaptations of The Count of Monte Cristo ( 2002 ) and I Capture the Castle ( 2003 ) . He later appeared in minor and supporting roles in television shows such as BBC 's The Inspector Lynley Mysteries , ITV 's Midsomer Murders and Showtime 's The Tudors ( 2007-10 ) , then crossed to mainstream Hollywood films such as Tristan & Isolde ( 2006 ) , Stardust ( 2007 ) , Blood Creek ( 2009 ) and Immortals ( 2011 ) . Cavill starred as Charles Brandon , 1st Duke of Suffolk in the Showtime television series The Tudors ; and in 2008 became the official spokesman for the Dunhill fragrance collection for men . Cavill gained further prominence and international fame playing the titular superhero Superman in the DC Extended Universe starting with the 2013 reboot film Man of Steel , originally the highest-grossing Superman film of all time until it was surpassed by 2016 's Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , where he reprised his role as Superman ; making it his highest-grossing film to date . In 2015 , he co-starred with Armie Hammer in the spy film The Man from U.N.C.L.E." }, { "docid": "Man_of_Steel_(soundtrack)", "title": "", "text": "Man of Steel is the soundtrack to the film of the same name . It was released on June 11 , 2013 . The exclusive deluxe edition of the album contains six bonus tracks , entitled `` Are You Listening , Clark ? '' , `` General Zod '' , `` You Led Us Here '' , `` This Is Madness ! '' , `` Earth '' and `` Arcade '' . Hans Zimmer initially denied popular rumours that he would be composing the film 's soundtrack . However , in June 2012 , it was confirmed that Zimmer would in fact be writing the film 's musical score . To completely distinguish Man of Steel from the previous films , the iconic `` Superman March '' by John Williams is not heard . The musical score from the third trailer , entitled `` An Ideal of Hope '' , was released online for listening purposes on April 19 , 2013 . This music was a shortened version of the album track `` What Are You Going to Do When You Are Not Saving the World ? '' . In late April 2013 , the official track listing of the two-disc deluxe edition was revealed . Popular reception to the score was positive and the album rose to # 4 on iTunes during the first week of its release . Critical reception for the score , however , has been polarized . The soundtrack opened at number 9 on the Billboard 200 with 32,000 copies sold ." }, { "docid": "Dying_Wish", "title": "", "text": "`` Dying Wish '' is a three-issue comic book storyline in The Amazing Spider-Man , first published by Marvel Comics between November and December 2012 and featuring the fictional superhero Spider-Man . Starting with a prologue in The Amazing Spider-Man # 698 and ending in The Amazing Spider-Man # 700 , `` Dying Wish '' brought over fifty years of Marvel 's publication of The Amazing Spider-Man comic series to an end , and ushered in the new series The Superior Spider-Man in January 2013 . The story concluded a storyline started in The Amazing Spider-Man # 600 where it is revealed that the Spider-Man villain Doctor Octopus is terminally ill from his years of crime and fighting superheroes . Aware of his impending death , Doctor Octopus sets in motion a series of plans to create his legacy , that ran through the March 2012 story `` Ends of the Earth '' and finished in `` Dying Wish '' , where the villain successfully swapped consciousnesses with Spider-Man 's alter ego Peter Parker , thrusting the hero into his decaying body . The story was controversial , concluding with the death of Parker in Octopus ' body , and Octopus surviving as the now Superior Spider-Man . `` Dying Wish '' encompassed some of the best selling comics of 2012 , with issue # 700 listed as the 4th best selling comic of the year ." }, { "docid": "Natasha_Irons", "title": "", "text": "Natasha Irons is a fictional character , a superhero in the DC Universe and the niece of John Henry Irons ( the superhero Steel ) . Natasha first appears in Steel ( vol . 2 ) # 1 ( February 1994 ) . She becomes the fifth superhero to use the name Steel when her uncle is injured . In the 2006 limited series 52 , Natasha gains superpowers and uses the codename Starlight . When her powers change , allowing her to become a being of living mist she assumes the codename Vaporlock ." }, { "docid": "Ultraman_Ginga_Theater_Special:_Ultra_Monster_Hero_Battle_Royal!", "title": "", "text": "is a Japanese tokusatsu , and superhero film , serving as the film adaptation of the 2013 Ultra Series television series Ultraman Ginga . It was released in March 15 , 2014 , which takes place sometime after the season finale of Ultraman Ginga . This movie is double-billed with short CGI movie , , one of the shorts for the 2013 cardass game Mega Monster Rush : Ultra Frontier , which played first before the premier of the movie . A DVD and Blu-Ray release of the movie was sold in July 25 , 2014 by Bandai Visual , costing around 3,800 and 4,800 Yen respectively . The main catchphrase in this movie is ." } ]
36415	Kate Beckinsale was directed by James Ivory.	[ { "docid": "The_Golden_Bowl_(film)", "title": "", "text": "The Golden Bowl is a 2000 drama film directed by James Ivory . The screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala is based on the 1904 novel of the same name by Henry James , who considered the work his masterpiece ." }, { "docid": "Kate_Beckinsale", "title": "", "text": "Kathrin Romary Beckinsale ( born 26 July 1973 ) is an English actress . After some minor television roles , she made her film debut in Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) while still a student at the University of Oxford . She then appeared in British costume dramas such as Prince of Jutland ( 1994 ) , Cold Comfort Farm ( 1995 ) , Emma ( 1996 ) , and The Golden Bowl ( 2000 ) , in addition to various stage and radio productions . She began to seek film work in the United States in the late 1990s and , after appearing in small-scale dramas The Last Days of Disco ( 1998 ) and Brokedown Palace ( 1999 ) , she had starring roles in the war drama Pearl Harbor and the romantic comedy Serendipity . She followed those with appearances in The Aviator ( 2004 ) and Click ( 2006 ) . Since being cast as Selene in the Underworld film series ( 2003-present ) , Beckinsale has become known primarily for her work in action films , including Van Helsing ( 2004 ) , Whiteout ( 2009 ) , Contraband ( 2012 ) , and Total Recall ( 2012 ) . She also continues to make appearances in smaller dramatic projects such as Snow Angels ( 2007 ) , Nothing but the Truth ( 2008 ) , and Everybody 's Fine ( 2009 ) . In 2016 , she appeared in Whit Stillman 's Jane Austen comedy Love & Friendship ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Vacancy_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Vacancy is a 2007 American horror film directed by Nimród Antal and starring Kate Beckinsale and Luke Wilson . It was released April 20 , 2007 , by the distributor Screen Gems . Early in the film 's development , it was thought Sarah Jessica Parker would star ; but , in September 2006 , The Hollywood Reporter announced Kate Beckinsale had been signed instead ." }, { "docid": "Samantha_Beckinsale", "title": "", "text": "Samantha Jane Beckinsale ( born 23 July 1966 ) is an English actress . Her TV appearances include Firefighter Kate Stevens in London 's Burning and Lesley in the sitcom Shelley in 1989 -- 1992 . She is the elder daughter of Richard Beckinsale and half-sister of Kate Beckinsale . She was educated at Selston High School ( previously known as Matthew Holland Comprehensive and after that Selston Arts and Community College ) ." }, { "docid": "Beckinsale", "title": "", "text": "Beckinsale is a surname . Notable people with the name include : Kate Beckinsale ( born 1973 ) , English actress Mary Beckinsale , English art historian Richard Beckinsale ( 1947 -- 1979 ) , English actor Samantha Beckinsale ( born 1966 ) , English actress" }, { "docid": "Underworld:_Awakening", "title": "", "text": "Underworld : Awakening is a 2012 American 3D action horror film directed by Måns Mårlind and Björn Stein . It is the fourth instalment in the Underworld franchise , with Kate Beckinsale reprising her role as Selene , joined by Theo James , Michael Ealy and India Eisley . Filming began in March 2011 in Vancouver , British Columbia and the film was released in Digital 3D , IMAX 3D and 2D theaters on January 20 , 2012 ." }, { "docid": "Richard_Beckinsale", "title": "", "text": "Richard Arthur Beckinsale ( 6 July 1947 -- 19 March 1979 ) was an English actor , best known for his roles as Lennie Godber in the popular BBC sitcom Porridge ( along with its sequel series Going Straight ) and Alan Moore in the British ITV sitcom Rising Damp . He is the father of actresses Samantha Beckinsale and Kate Beckinsale ." }, { "docid": "Judy_Loe", "title": "", "text": "Judith Margaret `` Judy '' Loe ( born 6 March 1947 ) is an English actress . She is the widow of actor Richard Beckinsale and is now married to director Roy Battersby . She is the mother of actress Kate Beckinsale , and the step-mother of Kate 's half-sister Samantha ." }, { "docid": "Whiteout_(2009_film)", "title": "", "text": "Whiteout ( French : Whiteout : Enfer blanc ) is a 2009 thriller film based on the 1998 comic book of the same name by Greg Rucka and Steve Lieber . Directed by Dominic Sena , with uncredited reshoots by Stuart Baird and Len Wiseman , it stars Kate Beckinsale , Gabriel Macht , Columbus Short , Tom Skerritt , and Alex O'Loughlin . The film was distributed by Warner Bros. and released on September 11 , 2009 . It was produced under the banner of Dark Castle Entertainment by Joel Silver , Susan Downey and David Gambino . The movie is set in Antarctica , where Deputy U.S. Marshal Carrie Stetko ( Kate Beckinsale ) is planning to leave in a few days . After finding a dead body , Stetko is attacked by a masked killer who is trying to get hold of the cargo in an old Soviet plane that crash landed in the ice during the Cold War ." }, { "docid": "Underworld:_Blood_Wars", "title": "", "text": "Underworld : Blood Wars is a 2016 American action horror film directed by Anna Foerster ( in her feature film directorial debut ) . It is the fifth installment in the Underworld franchise and the sequel to Underworld : Awakening ( 2012 ) , with Kate Beckinsale reprising her role as Selene . The main cast also includes Theo James , Lara Pulver , James Faulkner and Charles Dance . Principal photography began on October 19 , 2015 , in Prague , Czech Republic . The film was released on November 24 , 2016 , in various countries and was subsequently released in the United States on January 6 , 2017 , by Screen Gems . It received generally negative reviews and has grossed over $ 81 million worldwide , against its production budget of $ 35 million ." }, { "docid": "Underworld_(2003_film)", "title": "", "text": "Underworld is a 2003 action horror film directed by Len Wiseman and written by Danny McBride , based on a story by McBride , Kevin Grevioux , and Wiseman . The film centers on the secret history of vampires and lycans ( an abbreviated form of lycanthrope , which means werewolf ) . It is the first installment in the Underworld franchise . The main plot revolves around Selene ( Kate Beckinsale ) , a vampire Death Dealer hunting Lycans . She finds herself attracted to a human , Michael Corvin ( Scott Speedman ) , who is being targeted by the Lycans . After Michael is bitten by a Lycan , Selene must decide whether to do her duty and kill him or go against her clan and save him . Alongside Beckinsale and Speedman , the film stars Michael Sheen , Shane Brolly , and Bill Nighy . An international co-production between companies from the United Kingdom , Germany , Hungary , and the United States , the film was released on September 19 , 2003 . Upon its release , the film received generally negative reviews from critics , but a smaller number of reviewers praised elements such as the film 's stylish Gothic visuals , the `` icy English composure '' in Kate Beckinsale 's performance , and the extensively worked-out vampire -- werewolf mythology that serves as the film 's backstory . A surprise hit , the film grossed $ 95 million against a production budget of $ 22 million . The film was followed by Underworld : Evolution , released three years later , and by three other films ." }, { "docid": "Haunted_(1995_film)", "title": "", "text": "Haunted is a 1995 horror film , by veteran director Lewis Gilbert and starring Aidan Quinn , Kate Beckinsale , Anthony Andrews and John Gielgud . It is based on a novel of the same name by James Herbert . The film was produced by Andrews and Gilbert ." }, { "docid": "The_Trials_of_Cate_McCall", "title": "", "text": "The Trials of Cate McCall is a 2013 American drama film directed and written by Karen Moncrieff . The film stars Kate Beckinsale , Nick Nolte and Clancy Brown ." }, { "docid": "Uncovered_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Uncovered is a 1994 film based on Arturo Pérez-Reverte 's The Flanders Panel . It was directed by Jim McBride . The leading actress was Kate Beckinsale as the main character Julia ." }, { "docid": "Serendipity_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Serendipity is a 2001 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Chelsom , written by Marc Klein , and starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale . The music score was composed by Alan Silvestri ." }, { "docid": "Laurel_Canyon_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Laurel Canyon is a 2002 American drama film written and directed by Lisa Cholodenko . The film stars Frances McDormand , Christian Bale , Kate Beckinsale , Natascha McElhone , and Alessandro Nivola ." }, { "docid": "Everybody's_Fine_(2009_film)", "title": "", "text": "Everybody 's Fine is a 2009 American drama film written and directed by Kirk Jones , and starring Robert De Niro , Drew Barrymore , Sam Rockwell and Kate Beckinsale . It is a remake of the Giuseppe Tornatore 's Italian film Everybody 's Fine . In Brazil , Russia and Japan , the film was released direct-to-DVD ." }, { "docid": "Love_&_Friendship", "title": "", "text": "Love & Friendship is a 2016 period comedy film written and directed by Whit Stillman . Based on Jane Austen 's epistolary novel Lady Susan , written ca. 1794 , the film stars Kate Beckinsale , Chloë Sevigny , Xavier Samuel , and Stephen Fry . The film follows the exploits of the wry and calculating Lady Susan as she pursues the wealthy and hapless Sir James for marriage originally intended for her daughter , though she eventually marries him herself . Although adapted from Lady Susan , the film was produced under the borrowed title of Austen 's juvenile story . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2016 . Theatrically released on May 13 , 2016 , by Roadside Attractions and Amazon Studios , the film received critical acclaim and has been a box office success in North America ." }, { "docid": "Stonehearst_Asylum", "title": "", "text": "Stonehearst Asylum , previously known as Eliza Graves , is an American Gothic film directed by Brad Anderson and written by Joseph Gangemi , loosely based on the short story `` The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether '' by Edgar Allan Poe . The film , starring Kate Beckinsale , Jim Sturgess , Michael Caine , Ben Kingsley , and David Thewlis , was released on October 24 , 2014 ." }, { "docid": "The_Face_of_an_Angel", "title": "", "text": "The Face of an Angel is a 2014 British psychological thriller film directed by Michael Winterbottom and written by Paul Viragh , inspired by the book Angel Face , drawn from crime coverage by Newsweek/Daily Beast writer Barbie Latza Nadeau . The film stars Kate Beckinsale , Daniel Brühl , and Cara Delevingne . The film is based on the real-life story of the murder of Meredith Kercher in 2007 ." }, { "docid": "Contraband_(2012_film)", "title": "", "text": "Contraband is a 2012 American crime thriller film directed by Baltasar Kormákur , starring Mark Wahlberg , Kate Beckinsale , Ben Foster , Caleb Landry Jones , Giovanni Ribisi , Lukas Haas , Diego Luna and J. K. Simmons . The film is a remake of the 2008 Icelandic film Reykjavík-Rotterdam which Baltasar Kormákur starred in . It was released on January 13 , 2012 in the United States by Universal Pictures ." }, { "docid": "The_Disappointments_Room", "title": "", "text": "The Disappointments Room is a 2016 American psychological horror film directed by D. J. Caruso , written by Wentworth Miller , and starring Kate Beckinsale and Mel Raido as a couple in a new house that contains a hidden room with a dark , haunted past . The film was released on September 9 , 2016 by Rogue to both critical and commercial failure , grossing only $ 5 million from a $ 15 million budget , and it was panned by critics ." }, { "docid": "Winged_Creatures_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Winged Creatures ( released as Fragments on DVD ) is a 2008 crime film directed by Rowan Woods . It is an adaptation of Roy Freirich 's novel Winged Creatures . The film stars Kate Beckinsale , Dakota Fanning , Josh Hutcherson , Guy Pearce , Forest Whitaker , Jennifer Hudson , Jackie Earle Haley , Jeanne Tripplehorn and Embeth Davidtz . It was released on DVD by Peace Arch Entertainment in the United States on August 4 , 2009 , as Fragments ." }, { "docid": "Snow_Angels_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Snow Angels is a 2007 drama film starring Sam Rockwell and Kate Beckinsale . It was directed by David Gordon Green , who also wrote the screenplay adapted from Stewart O'Nan 's 1994 novel of the same title . The film premiered in the dramatic competition at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival . It is a character driven film centered on several characters dealing with loss of innocence in a small town . Snow Angels was released on 7 March 2008 ." }, { "docid": "Selene_(Underworld)", "title": "", "text": "Selene , portrayed by British actress Kate Beckinsale , is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Underworld film series . More specifically , she serves as the central character in the films Underworld ( 2003 ) , Underworld : Evolution ( 2006 ) , Underworld : Awakening ( 2012 ) , and Underworld : Blood Wars ( 2016 ) . Beckinsale 's daughter , Lily Mo Sheen , plays the character as a child in a flashback in Underworld : Evolution . In Underworld : Endless War , Selene is voiced by Canadian voice actress Laura Harris ." }, { "docid": "Emma_(1996_TV_film)", "title": "", "text": "Jane Austen 's Emma is an adaptation of the 1815 novel of the same name . It was adapted for the British television network ITV in 1996 , directed by Diarmuid Lawrence and dramatised by Andrew Davies , the same year as Miramax 's film adaptation of Emma starring Gwyneth Paltrow . This production of Emma stars Kate Beckinsale as the title character , and also features Samantha Morton as Harriet Smith and Mark Strong as Mr. Knightley . Davies had recently adapted another Austen novel as the successful 1995 television serial Pride and Prejudice for BBC when he proposed to adapt the novel Emma for the network . BBC had already made such an agreement with another screenwriter however , leading Davies to approach ITV . Emma received generally positive reviews from critics , who believed it to be superior to the 1996 Miramax film . Most focused on Beckinsale 's performance as a positive highlight . It aired on ITV on the 24 November 1996 and garnered an estimated 12 million viewers . It also was broadcast on the American channel A&E in 16 February 1997 ." }, { "docid": "Cold_Comfort_Farm_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Cold Comfort Farm is a 1995 British comedy film directed by John Schlesinger and produced by the BBC and Thames Television , an adaptation of Stella Gibbons ' 1932 book of the same name , the film stars Kate Beckinsale , Joanna Lumley , Ian McKellen and Rufus Sewell . Originally broadcast on 1 January 1995 on the BBC , it was Schlesinger 's final film shot in his home country of Britain , and was picked up for theatrical release in North America through Gramercy Pictures , where it was a small success ." }, { "docid": "Brokedown_Palace", "title": "", "text": "Brokedown Palace is a 1999 American drama film directed by Jonathan Kaplan , and starring Claire Danes , Kate Beckinsale , Bill Pullman and Lim Kay Tong . It deals with two American friends imprisoned in Thailand for drug smuggling . Because it presents a critical view of the Thai legal system , most scenes were filmed in the Philippines ; however , some panoramas and views were filmed in Bangkok . Its title is taken from a Grateful Dead song written by Jerry Garcia and Robert Hunter from their 1970 album American Beauty ." }, { "docid": "Shooting_Fish", "title": "", "text": "Shooting Fish is a 1997 British romantic crime comedy film directed by Stefan Schwartz and co-written with Richard Holmes . Starring Dan Futterman and Stuart Townsend as two con men with Kate Beckinsale as their unwilling assistant , the film was produced by Winchester Films and partly funded by National Lottery money administered through the UK Arts Council . Shooting Fish aimed to transfer well to international markets that were keen on British films following the success of Four Weddings and a Funeral . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 17 October 1997 and in the United States on 1 May 1998 ." }, { "docid": "Snow_Angels_(novel)", "title": "", "text": "Snow Angels is a 1994 novel by American author Stewart O'Nan . Set in 1974 in Butler , Pennsylvania , a county seat 35 miles north of Pittsburgh , Snow Angels is the story of teenager Arthur Parkinson , the disintegration of his parents ' marriage , and the murder of Arthur 's one-time babysitter , Annie Marchand . When the book was still in manuscript , it earned the first Pirate 's Alley Faulkner Prize for the Novel , awarded by the Pirate 's Alley Faulkner Society of New Orleans . In 2007 Snow Angels was adapted for a film of the same title , directed by David Gordon Green , who also wrote the screenplay , and starring Sam Rockwell and Kate Beckinsale ." }, { "docid": "Tiptoes", "title": "", "text": "Tiptoes ( also known as Tiny Tiptoes ) is a 2003 film starring Matthew McConaughey , Kate Beckinsale , Patricia Arquette and Gary Oldman . The film was screened at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival . It was never released theatrically in the United States and it instead went straight to DVD ." }, { "docid": "The_Householder", "title": "", "text": "The Householder ( Hindi title : Gharbar ) is a 1963 film by Merchant Ivory Productions , with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and James Ivory , and direction of James Ivory . It is based upon the 1960 novel of the same name by Jhabvala . This was the first collaboration between producer Ismail Merchant and director James Ivory , a documentary filmmaker till then . They went on to make nearly forty films together , many of which were written by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala , who also adapted many adaptations of literary classics for them , like Henry James ` The Europeans ( 1979 ) and The Bostonians ( 1984 ) , E.M. Forster ` s A Room with a View ( 1985 ) and Howards End ( 1992 ) , and Peter Cameron ` s The City of Your Final Destination ( 2009 ) ." } ]
2758	Shakira is a performer.	[ { "docid": "Shakira", "title": "", "text": "Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll ( -LSB- ( t ) ʃaˈkiɾa isaˈβel meβaˈɾak riˈpol -RSB- ; -LSB- langʃəˈki : rə -RSB- born 2 February 1977 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter , dancer , and record producer . Born and raised in Barranquilla , she began performing in school , demonstrating Latin American , Arabic , and rock and roll influences and belly dancing abilities . Shakira 's first studio albums , Magia and Peligro , failed to attain commercial success in the 1990s ; however , she rose to prominence in Latin America with her major-label debut , Pies Descalzos ( 1996 ) , and her fourth album , Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) . Shakira entered the English-language market with her fifth album , Laundry Service . Its lead single , `` Whenever , Wherever '' , became one of the most successful singles of 2002 . Her success was solidified with her sixth and seventh albums Fijación Oral , Volumen Uno and Oral Fixation , Volume Two ( 2005 ) , the latter of which spawned one of the best-selling songs of the 21st century , `` Hips Do n't Lie '' . Shakira 's eighth and ninth albums , She Wolf ( 2009 ) and Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) , received critical praise . Her official song for the 2010 FIFA World Cup , `` Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa ) '' , became the biggest-selling World Cup song of all time . With over 1.3 billion views , it is one of the most-watched music videos on YouTube . Shakira served as a coach on the fourth and sixth seasons of the American version of The Voice in 2013 and 2014 , respectively . Her tenth album , Shakira ( 2014 ) , is preceded by its lead single , `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' . Shakira has won many awards , including five MTV Video Music Awards , two Grammy Awards , eight Latin Grammy Awards , seven Billboard Music Awards , 28 Billboard Latin Music Awards and has been Golden Globe-nominated . She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and has sold between 70 and 125 million records worldwide ( depending on the source ) , making her the best selling South American singer and one of the best selling Latin artists of all time . She carries out well-known philanthropic activities through charity work most notably through her Pies Descalzos Foundation . In 2014 , she was listed as the 58th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes ." }, { "docid": "Laundry_Service", "title": "", "text": "Laundry Service ( Servicio de Lavandería ) is the fifth studio album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira , globally released on 13 November 2001 by Epic Records . It is her first album to be primarily recorded in English . After the release of her fourth studio album Dónde Están los Ladrones ? , which became a success in Latin America , Shakira was encouraged by American singer Gloria Estefan to record songs in English as she believed the singer had the potential to crossover into the English-language pop market . Shakira was initially hesitant to undertake the project , but later decided to learn English well enough to be able to write songs in the language herself . The title of the album was chosen to reflect Shakira 's views on love and music . It was also released as Servicio de Lavandería in Hispanic regions in January 2002 . Musically , Laundry Service is primarily a pop rock record but it also experiments with a variety of other musical styles , including Andean music , dance-pop , Middle Eastern music , rock and roll and tango . The lyrical theme of the album is mostly based around love and romance . Every song on the album was written and produced by Shakira . Six singles were released from the album . The lead single `` Whenever , Wherever '' became an international success and reached number one on record charts of countries like Australia , Austria , France , Germany , Italy and Spain . Follow-up single `` Underneath Your Clothes '' repeated its success , topping the charts of Australia , Austria , and Belgium . Both singles charted inside the top ten in the United Kingdom and United States . The third single `` Objection ( Tango ) '' became a top ten hit in most countries around the world . Spanish-language singles `` Te Dejo Madrid '' and `` Que Me Quedes Tú '' performed well in Hispanic regions , becoming hits in Spain and on the Latin record charts in the United States , respectively . `` The One '' was a moderate commercial success and became the last single to be released from Laundry Service . Shakira embarked on the Tour of the Mongoose in 2002 and 2003 to promote the album . It was her first major worldwide tour and visited numerous countries and cities . Upon its release , Laundry Service received favourable to mixed reviews from music critics . Many critics complimented Shakira 's incorporation of different musical styles in the production and her originality , while some critics argued that the album sounded too generic . Shakira 's vocal talent also attracted praise . Laundry Service topped the charts of countries including Australia , Austria , Belgium , Canada and Switzerland , while reaching the top five in other countries like Argentina , France , Germany , Spain and the United Kingdom . In the United States , Laundry Service peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart . The album received numerous record certifications in various countries , including quintuple-platinum certifications in Australia , Canada , Spain and Switzerland . It was also certified multi-platinum in the United Kingdom and the United States , proving to be a successful crossover for Shakira . Globally , Laundry Service was the seventh best-selling album in 2002 . Up till 2003 , Laundry Service has sold more than 13 million copies worldwide ." }, { "docid": "Peligro_(Shakira_album)", "title": "", "text": "Peligro ( Danger ) is the second studio album by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , released on 25 March 1993 , by Sony Music Colombia ." }, { "docid": "Shakira_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Shakira is the tenth studio album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira , released on 21 March 2014 by RCA Records . It is her first English-language album since her eighth studio album , She Wolf ( 2009 ) . Shakira revealed in November 2011 that she had begun work on the album , which continued into 2014 . The album was initially set to be released in 2012 , but was delayed because of Shakira 's pregnancy . Since starting the album , Shakira departed Epic Records , signed a new management deal with Roc Nation and subsequently signed to Epic 's sister label , RCA Records . A pop album , Shakira has a diverse musical style that incorporates a range of genres such as reggae and rock , as well as dance and country elements . Its production is characterized by lean , tender verses and muscular , ecstatic choruses , that incorporate swirling , crashing sounds . The album 's lyrics explore motherhood , the complexities of romantic relationships , stages of love and the search for personal happiness . Most of the album was written by Shakira , along with Nasri and Adam Messinger , with all the previous predominantly producing the album . Upon release Shakira was met with positive reviews from music critics , praising its lyrical content , while others stated that Shakira was trying to `` Americanize her sound '' . Commercially the album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart with first week sales of 85,000 copies . By doing so , Shakira became the singer 's highest-charting album on the chart , although it also achieved her lowest first-week sales figure ( for an English-language album ) . The album campaign started in 2014 , with the release of its first single , `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' , followed by the singles `` Empire '' and `` Dare ( La La La ) '' ." }, { "docid": "Sale_el_Sol", "title": "", "text": "Sale el Sol ( The Sun Comes Out ) is the ninth studio album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira , released on 19 October 2010 , by Epic Records . The album marks a musical return to Shakira 's `` roots '' after the electropop record She Wolf ( 2009 ) . The singer split the album into three `` directions '' : a romantic side , a `` rock and roll '' side , and a `` Latino , tropical '' side . The latter two `` directions '' experiment with rock and merengue music , respectively . As co-producer , Shakira enlisted collaborators including Josh Abraham , El Cata , Gustavo Cerati , John Hill , Lester Mendez , and Residente Calle 13 . Five singles were released from Sale el Sol . The lead single `` Loca '' topped the charts of Italy , Spain , and Switzerland . The title track , `` Sale el Sol '' , was released as the second single . The third single `` Rabiosa '' reached top ten positions in Austria , Belgium , Italy and Spain . `` Antes de las Seis '' was released as the fourth single . `` Addicted to You '' was released as the fifth single . In the United States , `` Loca '' topped the Billboard Hot Latin Songs , Latin Pop Airplay , and Tropical Songs charts . Shakira embarked on The Sun Comes Out World Tour in late-2010 to promote the album . At the 2011 Latin Grammy Awards ceremony , Sale el Sol won the award for `` Best Female Pop Vocal Album '' . A success throughout Europe and Latin America , Sale el Sol peaked atop the charts of countries Belgium , Croatia , France , Mexico , Portugal and Spain . In the United States , it debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 chart and at number one on both the Top Latin Albums and Latin Pop Albums charts , achieving strong digital sales in the region . Sale el Sol attained numerous record certifications in several regions across the globe , including multi-platinum certifications in Spain and Switzerland , and diamond certifications in France and Colombia ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Estoy_Aquí", "title": "", "text": "`` Estoy Aquí '' is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her debut studio album Pies Descalzos . It was released in 1995 by Sony Music and Columbia Records as the lead single from the album . The song was written and produced by Shakira and Luis Fernando Ochoa . `` Estoy Aquí '' is a Latin pop song that lyrically discusses a willingness to correct a failed relationship . Upon its release , `` Estoy Aquí '' received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who recognized it as a stand-out track from Pies Descalzos . Additionally , it became Shakira 's first recording to attain commercial success . The song peaked at numbers 1 and 2 on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs and Latin Songs component charts . Its performance aided its parent album in becoming her breakthrough record , which eventually attained platinum certifications in Brazil , Colombia , and the United States . Its accompanying music video depicts Shakira performing the track , where she is often pictured with her guitar . A Portuguese-language translation of the track titled `` Estou Aqui '' appeared on Shakira 's first remix album The Remixes in 1997 . An English-language version was leaked to the internet in 2011 . The song has additionally been performed during six of the seven concert tours Shakira has held to date ." }, { "docid": "Medicine_(Shakira_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Medicine '' is a song recorded by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira from her tenth studio album Shakira ( 2014 ) . Featuring guest vocals from American country music singer Blake Shelton , the song was performed on the 49th Annual Academy of Country Music Awards on April 6 , 2014 , and spent one week on the country charts at number 57 from unsolicited airplay . The song was written by Shakira alongside Mark Bright and Hillary Lindsey , while the production was handled by Shakira and busbee ." }, { "docid": "MTV_Unplugged_(Shakira_album)", "title": "", "text": "MTV Unplugged is the first live album by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , released on 29 February 2000 , by Columbia Records and Sony Latin . It was recorded on 12 August 1999 , during her MTV Unplugged performance at the Grand Ballroom in New York City . The performance was released in 2000 as a live album , and again in 2002 as a DVD . It is rated as one of the best-ever live performances from a Latin recording artist . It was critically acclaimed by American critics and earned Shakira the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album . The album sold around 5,000,000 copies worldwide ." }, { "docid": "Don't_Bother", "title": "", "text": "`` Do n't Bother '' is a song performed by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her seventh studio album and second English-language album , Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 . The song was released on 4 October 2005 , by Epic Records as the lead single from the album . The song was written by Shakira , Lauren Christy , Graham Edwards and Scott Spock , and was produced by Shakira . `` Do n't Bother '' is a rock-influenced song in which Shakira assures her former lover that she does not need his sympathy and can move on without him . Upon its release , `` Do n't Bother '' received generally mixed reviews from music critics , who praised Shakira 's vocals but felt that the lyrics of the song were strange . Commercially , the track fared well on record charts , entering the top ten in countries including Austria , Germany , Italy , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . In the United States , the song peaked at number 42 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and at number 25 on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 chart . `` Do n't Bother '' was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) for digital downloads of 500,000 units . An accompanying music video for the song was directed by Jaume de Laiguana , and features Shakira tormenting her former lover by crushing his car in a wrecking yard . For additional promotion , Shakira performed the song on a number of award and reality shows . It was also included in the setlist of her Oral Fixation Tour ." }, { "docid": "She_Wolf_(Shakira_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` She Wolf '' is a song by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira , taken from her eighth studio album of the same name ( 2009 ) . It was released on 10 July 2009 , by Epic Records as the lead single from the album . The song was written by Shakira , John Hill , and Sam Endicott . Shakira and Hill also served as the producers for the song . A Spanish-language translation of the song titled `` Loba '' , which features additional lyrical contributions by Jorge Drexler , was also released earlier on 6 July . Musically , `` She Wolf '' is a disco , hi-NRG and synthpop track that details Shakira 's boredom due to her uncaring partner , and how she looks for others to please her . Upon its release , `` She Wolf '' was met with favourable reception from music critics , many of whom praised it for being different from the other songs released at that time . Commercially , `` She Wolf '' performed well on record charts . It peaked in the top 10 of charts of countries like Canada , Germany , Italy , Spain and the United Kingdom . In the United States , `` She Wolf '' peaked at numbers 11 and one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and Dance/Club Play Songs charts , respectively . The Spanish-language translation `` Loba '' peaked at number one on both the Hot Latin Songs and Tropical Songs charts . `` She Wolf '' was certified double-platinum in Spain and platinum in Italy , Mexico , and the United States . An accompanying music video for the song was directed by Jake Nava , and features Shakira dancing in various locations , such as a red cave and a golden cage . Critical reception towards the video was also positive , many of whom praised Shakira 's dancing ability . For additional promotion , Shakira performed the song on a number of shows and music festivals . It was also a part of the setlist for The Sun Comes Out World Tour in 2010 ." }, { "docid": "Live_from_Paris_(Shakira_album)", "title": "", "text": "Live from Paris ( En Vivo Desde París ) is the fourth live album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira . It was filmed at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy concert hall in Paris , France , where Shakira performed on 13 and 14 June 2011 , as part of the European leg of The Sun Comes Out World Tour . Live from Paris was released in a DVD and live audio CD format , a standard DVD format , and as a Blu-ray Disc edition . It was released in most countries on 2 December 2011 , while in the United States it was released on 5 December . Prior to its release , Live from Paris was screened in various cinemas across the world and was also promoted through Shakira 's official website , which posted numerous trailers and previews of the album . Shakira 's rendition of French singer-songwriter Francis Cabrel 's song `` Je L'Aime à Mourir '' , which she specifically performed during the concert shows at Paris , was released as a single on 29 November 2011 . Upon its release , Live from Paris received generally favourable reviews from critics , who praised it as a showcase of Shakira 's versatility . One reviewer , however , criticised the singer for putting less emphasis on vocals and more on the dance routines . Commercially , the album performed well on the charts of France and Mexico , where it was later certified platinum by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique ( SNEP ) and Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas ( AMPROFON ) , respectively . In the United States , En Vivo Desde Paris peaked at number two on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart , and at number one on the Latin Pop Albums chart ." }, { "docid": "Ojos_Así", "title": "", "text": "`` Ojos Así '' ( `` Eyes Like These '' ) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for her fourth studio album ¿ Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) . It was released on July 23 , 1999 by Sony Latin as the fifth single from the record . The song was written by Shakira , Pablo Flores , and Javier Garza , while production was handled by Emilio Estefan . Musically , `` Ojos Así '' incorporates elements of middle eastern and world music . An English-language translation titled `` Eyes Like Yours '' was included on Shakira 's fifth studio album and first English-language record Laundry Service ( 2001 ) . The track reached numbers 9 and 22 on the U.S. Billboard Latin Pop Songs and Latin Songs component charts . It reached the peak position on the Romanian Singles Chart , and performed moderately in other European territories . The song has additionally been performed during six of the seven concert tours Shakira has held to date ." }, { "docid": "Addicted_to_You_(Shakira_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Addicted to You '' is a song recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for her ninth studio album Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) . The song was released as the fifth and final single from the album by Epic Records , on 13 March 2012 . `` Addicted to You '' was written by Shakira , El Cata , John Hill and Luis Fernando Ochoa , and is a merengue-influenced song on the album . The song also draws prominent influences from reggaeton music , and lyrically describes Shakira 's infatuation for a lover . Despite having an English title , the majority of the song is sung in Spanish . Upon its release , critics were generally favourable towards `` Addicted to You '' , and praised its uptempo beats . The song reached number one on the Monitor Latino chart in Mexico , where it was later certified platinum by the Mexican Association of Phonograph Producers ( AMPROFON ) . It also performed well on the charts of countries Poland , Spain , and France . In the United States , the single performed well on the Latin record charts , peaking at number nine on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart and at number three on both the Latin Pop Airplay and Tropical Songs chart . An accompanying music video for `` Addicted to You '' was directed by Anthony Mandler , and features Shakira singing the song in various locations while sporting different outfits . Many critics praised the video 's overall appeal and Shakira 's appearance . The video reached over 100 million views on video-sharing website YouTube , and received a `` Vevo Certified '' by joint venture music video website Vevo for the achievement ." }, { "docid": "Underneath_Your_Clothes", "title": "", "text": "`` Underneath Your Clothes '' is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for her third studio album and English-language debut , Laundry Service ( 2001 ) . The power ballad was the second English language single released from the album ; being released in February 2002 . It features lyrics by Shakira with music and production from Shakira and Lester Mendez . Lyrically , the song tells the story of the unconditional love that a woman has for her boyfriend , with lyrics about being worthy of somebody 's love for being a good person and having maternal instincts . Some critics commended the song for being a highlight from the album . However , others were more critical towards her songwriting and the song 's production , which according to them resembled The Bangles ' `` Eternal Flame '' and Beatles ' `` Penny Lane '' . The song became a success on the charts , topping the charts of seven countries , while also reaching the top ten in several countries , including the United States . The accompanying music video for the song was directed by fashion photographer Herb Ritts . It depicts Shakira 's loneliness as a tourist musician . It features Shakira 's then-boyfriend Antonio de la Rúa , whose unpopularity in Argentina led to a ban of her albums there . Shakira promoted the song with a series of live performances across the world , while also performing it on her worldwide tours , Tour of the Mongoose ( 2002-2003 ) , Oral Fixation Tour ( 2006-2007 ) and The Sun Comes Out World Tour ( 2010-2011 ) ." }, { "docid": "Magia_(Shakira_album)", "title": "", "text": "Magia ( Magic ) is the debut album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira . It was released in June 1991 by Sony Music Colombia , with whom she signed a three-album recording contract . The record is a collection of pop ballads Shakira wrote since she was eight years old , with themes inspired from the experience hanging out with males , adventure stories , and dreams of living on the coast . The album 's live performances helped Shakira receive attention on Colombian media , and the LP earned her an award at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival . However , it was not a commercial success , with sales estimated at between 1,000 and 1,200 copies . By Shakira 's request , Magia and its follow-up Peligro ( 1993 ) were removed from music markets . `` Magia '' was released as promotional single in 1991 ." }, { "docid": "The_Sun_Comes_Out_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Sun Comes Out World Tour ( also known as the Sale el Sol World Tour ) was the fifth concert tour by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira , launched in support of her eighth and ninth studio albums , She Wolf ( 2009 ) and Sale El Sol ( 2010 ) . After a special tour preview show held in Montreal , Canada , on 15 September 2010 , the North American leg of the tour commenced at Uncasville , Connecticut , on 17 September , and closed at Rosemont , Illinois , on 29 October 2010 . The European leg of the tour was planned to commence at Lyon , France , on 16 November , and end in London , England , on 20 December 2010 . The tickets for the initial dates of the European leg were soon sold out , and Shakira extended the tour into 2011 , beginning by announcing a show at Paris , France ; venues at countries such as Croatia , Russia , Spain and Switzerland were soon added . The Latin American leg of the tour was a part of the Pop Festival and visited countries like Argentina , Brazil , Colombia and Mexico were added to the tour dates . The setlist of the tour was composed of songs taken primarily from Shakira 's ninth studio album Sale el Sol ; the rest were from her previous studio albums . The stage was shaped like the letter `` T '' to enable maximum amount of viewers to see Shakira easily . A large screen was set behind the stage , on which various visuals were displayed . For the performances , Shakira mainly wore a mesh gold crop top coupled with skin-tight leather pants . Other attires Shakira wore during the concert shows included a hooded pink gown , a flamenco-skirt , and a feathery blue dress . The concert shows were well received by critics , many of whom praised the charisma Shakira displayed during the performances . Commercially , the tour was a success . It ranked at number 40 on Pollstar 's 2010 year-end `` Top 50 North American Tours '' list as it grossed a total of $ 16.9 million in the continent , with total ticket sales amounting up to 524,723 . In 2011 , the tour ranked at number 20 on Pollstar 's 2011 `` Top 25 Worldwide Tours '' with a total gross of $ 93.2 million and ticket sales amounting up to 692,064 . A live album of the show held at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris , France , was released as Shakira : Live from Paris , on 5 December 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Antes_de_las_Seis", "title": "", "text": "`` Antes de las Seis '' ( `` Before Six O'Clock '' ) is a song recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for her ninth studio album Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) . Written and produced by the singer and her frequent collaborator Lester Mendez , `` Antes de las Seis '' is one of the `` romantic '' songs from the album and is musically a Latin pop ballad . It features a simple piano and acoustic guitar-supplemented beat over which Shakira delivers sad and emotional vocals . Epic Records released the song as the fourth single from Sale el Sol on 21 October 2011 . Critics gave positive reviews to `` Antes de las Seis '' , complimenting its lyrical content . The song performed poorly on singles charts , but was moderately successful on airplay charts . It reached number 1 on the Spanish Airplay Chart and peaked at number 14 on the Monitor Latino chart in Mexico . In the United States , it peaked at numbers 21 and 4 on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs and Latin Pop Airplay charts , respectively . In 2013 , `` Antes de las Seis '' was certified gold in Mexico . The song was performed during the encore segment of the concert shows of Shakira 's The Sun Comes Out World Tour in 2010 and 2011 . A recording of its performance at the show in Paris , France , served as the promotional music video of the song . It was also used to promote Shakira 's fourth live album Live from Paris ." }, { "docid": "Empire_(Shakira_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Empire '' is a song recorded by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira for her self-titled tenth studio album , Shakira ( 2014 ) . It was written by Steve Mac and Ina Wroldsen , while production was handled by Mac and Shakira . The song was released as the second single from the album on 22 February 2014 . `` Empire '' is a downtempo rock ballad about finding a love so powerful their empire could make `` the world unite . '' Her vocals on the track was compared to those of Tori Amos , Jewel , Joni Mitchell and Alanis Morissette . Upon its release , `` Empire '' was acclaimed by music critics , who commended the singer for getting back to her rock roots . Some even called it a gorgeous ballad and praised her vocals . The song charted moderately in countries like France , South Korea and Spain . In the United States , it peaked at number 58 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The song 's accompanying video was released on 25 March 2014 and portrays Shakira playing a runaway bride unharmed by fire and on the side of the Montserrat mountain , near Barcelona . Shakira performed the song in a number of places , including The Voice ( both U.S. and UK ) , Billboard Music Awards , The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon , iHeartRadio Music Awards and others ." }, { "docid": "Octavo_Día", "title": "", "text": "`` Octavo Día '' ( English : Eighth Day ) is a song written and performed by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira . The song was released only as a radio single in some countries from her multi-platinum album Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) , but received more attention when it created controversy while performed live in her 2001-2002 world tour Tour of the Mongoose . This song expresses Shakira 's opinion about God ." }, { "docid": "Despedida_(Shakira_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Despedida '' ( `` Farewell '' ) is a song recorded by Colombian singer Shakira for the extended play ( EP ) Love in the Time of Cholera ( 2008 ) . The song was written by her and Pedro Aznar originally for the Mike Newell-directed 2007 movie adaptation of Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez 's 1985 novel Love in the Time of Cholera . Antonio Pinto handled its composition and production . Shakira was initially offered a role by the producers of the movie to take part as the main protagonist . However , she refused the offer and accepted to collaborate with the musical team due to her friendship with García Márquez . Musically , `` Despedida '' is a folk song which discusses nostalgic love sentiments towards a person the protagonist lost . Although the movie received unfavorable reviews from critics , `` Despedida '' was praised by music reviewers for depicting the novel 's spirit . `` Despedida '' was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category for Best Original Song at the award ceremony held in 2008 . The song managed to appear on the Billboard Latin Digital Songs charts due to digital downloads following its release on the EP . Shakira performed it live during the screening of the movie and at the stops of her The Sun Comes Out World Tour ( 2010 -- 11 ) where she sang it as a medley with `` Nothing Else Matters '' ( 1992 ) by American band Metallica . The National Symphony Orchestra of Colombia performed the song live during a homage following García Márquez 's death in 2014 ." }, { "docid": "Illegal_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Illegal '' is a song recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for her seventh studio album , Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 ( 2005 ) . It was written and produced by Shakira and Lester Mendez and it features Mexican guitarist Carlos Santana . Epic Records released the song as the album 's third and final single on 6 November 2006 , following the release of `` Hips Do n't Lie '' . `` Illegal '' is a pop and country ballad with lyrics concerning mourning of a past lover complete with an understated vocal performance by Shakira and an electric guitar riff by Santana throughout . It received mixed reviews from music critics , who compared it with Alanis Morissette 's material and were mixed towards Santana 's contribution . The song achieved moderate success , topping the chart in Romania and the US Dance Club Songs chart and peaking within the top ten in Austria , Italy , Netherlands , Hungary and Switzerland among other countries . The music video for the song , co-directed by Jaume de Laiguana and Shakira , had its premiere on 16 November 2006 on MTV 's Total Request Live ( TRL ) . It features the singer portraying a girlfriend of a boxer and follows a similar storyline to the song 's lyrics . `` Illegal '' has been performed by the singer live on few occasions , such as during the MTV 5 Star event ( 2005 ) and Good Morning America ( 2006 ) ." }, { "docid": "Un_Poco_de_Amor", "title": "", "text": "`` Un Poco de Amor '' ( `` A Little Bit of Love '' ) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her debut studio album Pies Descalzos . It was released on May 16 , 1996 , by Sony Music and Columbia Records as the fourth single from the album . The song was written and produced by Shakira and Luis Fernando Ochoa . `` Un Poco de Amor '' is a Latin pop song that incorporates reggae elements . Lyrically , it states that Shakira is waiting to find someone who loves her . Upon its release , `` Un Poco de Amor '' received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who recognized it as a stand-out track from Pies Descalzos . The song peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs and Latin Songs component charts . While less successful than its preceding singles , its performance continued to aid its parent album in becoming her breakthrough record , which eventually attained platinum certifications in Argentina , Brazil , Colombia , and the United States . A Portuguese-language translation of the track titled `` Um Pouco de Amor '' appeared on Shakira 's first remix album The Remixes in 1997 . The song has additionally been performed during two of her concert tours to date ." }, { "docid": "List_of_number-one_singles_of_2002_(Australia)", "title": "", "text": "The Australian Top 100 Singles Chart is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of Australia . Published by the ARIA report , the data are compiled by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales and airplay . In 2002 , there were 19 singles that topped the chart . In 2002 , 12 acts achieved their first number-one single in Australia , either as a lead artist or featured guest , including Shakira , Eminem , DJ Ötzi , Avril Lavigne , Nelly , Kelly Rowland , Las Ketchup and more have earned a number-one debut single this year . Rapper Eminem and Latino singer Shakira had two number-one singles that appeared in the 2002 issues . During the year , two collaboration singles reached the number-one position . Shakira 's `` Whenever , Wherever '' and Avril Lavigne 's `` Complicated '' are the longest-running number-one singles of 2002 , remaining in that position for six straight weeks . It is followed by Eminems ' `` Without Me '' , whose streak on the top spot reached five non-consecutive weeks . Another single with an extended chart run includes Nelly 's and Rowland 's `` Dilemma '' , which topped the chart for four weeks . Eminem is the most successful act in 2002 in terms of chart performance . He had two singles that topped the Australian Top 100 Singles Chart : `` Without Me '' and `` Lose Yourself '' . The only other artist to have two number one singles in 2002 is Shakira ." }, { "docid": "Did_It_Again_(Shakira_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Did It Again '' is a song recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for her eighth studio album , She Wolf ( 2009 ) . It was released on 16 October 2009 , by Epic Records , as the second single from the album . The song was written and produced by Shakira , with additional songwriting and production from Pharrell Williams and The Neptunes , respectively . There is an alternate version featuring vocals from American recording artist Kid Cudi , while its Spanish-language version `` Lo Hecho Está Hecho '' ( `` What Is Done Is Done '' ) includes additional lyrical contributions from Uruguayan musician Jorge Drexler . `` Did It Again '' is an electropop song with elements of samba . Lyrically , it details Shakira 's involvement in a man 's extramarital affair , which leads to her feeling guilty and hurt about it . Upon its release , `` Did It Again '' was well received by music critics , many of whom complimented its lyrical content . Commercially , the song attained moderate success . It peaked within the top twenty in nations including Spain , where it was certified gold , and Italy . In the United States , `` Did It Again '' peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart and Latin Pop Airplay chart , and at numbers six and 11 on the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart and Tropical Songs chart , respectively . An accompanying music video for `` Did It Again '' was directed by Sophie Muller , and features Shakira fighting a man in a bedroom . It generated a favorable response from critics and was complimented for its dance scenes . For additional promotion , Shakira performed `` Did It Again '' on a number of television shows ." }, { "docid": "Can't_Remember_to_Forget_You", "title": "", "text": "`` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' is a song recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira from her fourth English and overall tenth studio album , Shakira , featuring Barbadian singer Rihanna . Shakira began planning to new music in 2011 ; work continued into 2012 , at which time she left her previous label Epic Records and joined RCA Records . The song was released as the lead single of the album on 13 January 2014 through RCA Records and Sony Latin Iberia . A solo Spanish-language version of the song , entitled `` Nunca Me Acuerdo de Olvidarte '' , was released on 24 January 2014 . The song was co-written by Shakira , Rihanna , John Hill , Tom `` Kid Harpoon '' Hull , Daniel Alexander , and Erik Hassle , while production was handled by Shakira , Hill , and Hull . `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' is an uptempo track that fuses reggae , rock and new wave pop . Lyrically the song revolves around forgetting someone who is bad even though you love the person . Upon its release , `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' was met with mixed reviews from critics ; while critics praised the ska influences , they felt that the song overall was not memorable . Other critics noted similarities between the song and the music of The Police and Bruno Mars . Commercially , the single fared well , peaking at eleven in the United Kingdom ; the song also peaked within the top ten of Spain , France , Germany and Switzerland . In the US the song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at twenty eight becoming Shakira 's highest-debuting track in the region , the song went on to peak at fifteen on the chart . The music video , which was shot in a Los Angeles mansion , was directed by Joseph Kahn and was premiered and uploaded to YouTube on 30 January 2014 . The accompanying video featured both Shakira and Rihanna in revealing outfits and a `` naked embrace '' . The song was performed live for the first time on iHeartRadio ." }, { "docid": "Live_&_off_the_Record", "title": "", "text": "Live & Off the Record ( released as En Vivo y en Privado in Spain and Latin America ) is the second live album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira . The album was released in 2004 , and consists of a two-disc CD and DVD compilation . The CD includes recordings of live performances recorded during 2003 and 2004 , and the DVD includes footage from Shakira 's Tour of the Mongoose live performance in Rotterdam , Netherlands on 22 April 2003 . The album was certified gold by the RIAA in May 2004 . It peaked at the number one on the US Top Music Videos chart on 17 April 2004 ." }, { "docid": "Shakira_videography", "title": "", "text": "Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira has released four video albums and appeared in fifty-one music videos , seven films , and four documentaries . In 1991 , Shakira signed a recording contract with Sony Music Colombia and released her debut album Magia ( 1991 ) . Three music videos were directed for the album . Only one music video was directed for her second album , Peligro . Shakira has refused to allow the re-release of any videos from her first two albums due to their `` immaturity '' . In 1994 , Shakira made her acting debut playing Luisa Maria in the Colombian telenovela El Oasis Shakira 's first major music video was for `` Estoy Aquí '' , directed by Simón Brand , for her third album Pies Descalzos . The video depicts a barn during the various weather seasons , and shows Shakira performing the song , accompanied with a guitar . The following single , '' ¿ Dónde Estás Corazón ? '' , three music videos . Directors for the video included Oscar Azula , Julian Torres , Gustavo Garzón , and Camilo Falcon . Garzón also directed videos for upcoming singles `` Pies Descalzos , Sueños Blancos '' and `` Un Poco de Amor '' from the same album , whereas Juan Carlos Martin directed the video for the 1997 single `` Se Quiere , Se Mata '' . In 2000 , Shakira released her first video album , MTV Unplugged . Five videos were directed for Shakira 's fourth studio album Dónde Están los Ladrones ? . Gustavo Garzón directed videos for `` Ciega , Sordomuda '' , `` Inevitable '' and `` No Creo '' . Cuban director Emilio Estefan directed the video for `` Tú '' , and Mark Kohr directed `` Ojos Así '' . Austrian film director Francis Lawrence directed both the English and Spanish versions of `` Whenever , Wherever '' , the lead single from her fifth album Laundry Service . The video uses a green screen , and features Shakira surrounded by the earth 's natural wonders . The following single , `` Underneath Your Clothes '' was directed by American photographer Herb Ritts and it was the second to last he directed before his death . Shakira released two albums in 2005 , Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 and Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 . Four videos were directed for Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 , and three for Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 . British director Sophie Muller directed the video for one of Shakira 's most successful songs , `` Hips Do n't Lie '' , featuring Wyclef Jean . Shakira also made her directing debut , co-directing videos for the singles `` Illegal '' and `` Las de la Intuición '' , alongside Jaume de Laiguana . In 2006 , Shakira starred in the video for her and Beyoncé 's collaboration , `` Beautiful Liar '' , which was directed by British director Jake Nava . It was filmed over two days , during the two-week production of B'Day Anthology Video Album . Because of a busy schedule , the production team did not have enough time for the choreography . In 2009 , Nava also directed the videos for both the English and Spanish versions of `` She Wolf '' . The two following singles , Did It Again and Did It Again were directed by Sophie Muller , and `` Gypsy '' was directed by Jaume de Laiguana . Marcus Raboy directed videos for all versions of `` Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa ) '' , which was the official song for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Jaume de Laiguana directed the first three music videos from Shakira 's ninth studio album Sale el Sol , and the fourth single , `` Addicted to You '' was directed by Anthony Mandler . Shakira 's tenth studio album , Shakira , spawned five music videos . Joseph Kahn directed the video for `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' , featuring Rihanna , and the solo Spanish version , `` Nunca Me Acuerdo de Olvidarte '' . The music video for `` Empire '' was directed by Darren Craig , Jonathan Craven and Jeff Nicholas from the Uprising Creative . Four versions of the song `` Dare ( La La La ) '' were directed , two by Anthony Mandler and two by Jaume de Laiguana ." }, { "docid": "S_by_Shakira", "title": "", "text": "S by Shakira is the first woman 's fragrance by Colombian singer songwriter Shakira . Developing an interest in perfumery and scents , Shakira signed an agreement with international fashion company Puig to create a line of beauty and personal care products . S by Shakira is inspired by the singer 's `` light '' and is an oriental perfume which combines scents of various exotic sources like sambac jasmine , sandalwood , and vanilla . The bottle of the perfume is made of treated glass which reflects light at different angles ; it does not have a cap and instead utilises a key-like mechanism to stop the flow of the perfume . Shakira launched S by Shakira at a press release in Madrid , Spain , in June 2010 , and it was sent to retail stores in September 2010 . Critics praised the scent of S by Shakira , but there was criticism regarding the design of the bottle . It was nominated for a FiFi Award in 2011 . In September 2011 , Shakira released her second fragrance S by Shakira Eau Florale , which is a `` floral interpretation '' of the original fragrance . The perfume is more influenced by the scent of flowers and Shakira enlisted the aid of perfumer Elisabeth Vidal to create the fragrance . Shakira promoted S by Shakira and S by Shakira Eau Florale at a press release in Paris , France , in March 2013 . S by Shakira Aquamarine was released in early 2013 as a limited edition fragrance and is inspired by the smell of the ocean , making use of various ozonic substances in its scent ." }, { "docid": "Tú_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Tú '' is a song written and performed by the Colombian-born musician Shakira . It is found on her fourth studio album , ¿ Dónde están los ladrones ? ( 1998 ) . `` Tú '' was released as the second single of the album , and just like its predecessor , `` Ciega , Sordomuda '' , it reached # 1 at the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart . Many fans regard this song as Shakira 's most touching and inspirational song ." }, { "docid": "Shakira_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Shakira is an Arabic female given name meaning `` thankful '' . It is the feminine active participle of the verb شَكَرَ , `` to be thankful '' . Its masculine counterpart is Shakir . Shakira may also refer to : Shakira ( born 1977 ) , Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira ( album ) ( 2014 ) , her self-titled album Shakira Caine ( born 1947 ) , Guyanese-British actress and fashion model Shakira ( cheetah ) , one of the Cheetah stars of BBC 's Big Cat Diary Shakira ( comics ) , fictional character from the Warlord series Shakira Martin ( NUS ) , president of the National Union of Students ( United Kingdom )" }, { "docid": "Shakira_discography", "title": "", "text": "Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira has released eleven studio albums , four live albums , two compilation albums , forty-nine singles ( including nine as featured artist ) , and nine promotional singles . With sales of more than 60 million records worldwide , she is the highest-selling Colombian artist of all time . She is the only South American artist to peak at number one on the Australian Singles Chart , the UK Singles Chart , and the US Billboard Hot 100 . Four of her singles , `` Whenever , Wherever '' , `` Hips Do n't Lie '' , `` Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa ) '' , and `` Loca '' , have achieved sales in excess of five million units , becoming some of the best-selling singles worldwide . Shakira 's musical career started at the age of 13 when she signed with Sony Music . Her first two studio albums , Magia and Peligro , were released in Colombia in 1991 and 1993 respectively . They performed poorly and had low sales , with the former selling fewer than 1000 copies . However , in 1995 Sony Music release as a single a song write by her , which it was included in a compilation album of Colombian artists . '' ¿ Dónde Estás Corazón ? '' was Shakira 's first single ever and meant her breakthrough in her native Colombia . Soon after , she found success across Latin America with her next album and major-label debut Pies Descalzos ( 1995 ) and its lead single `` Estoy Aquí '' . The album received a `` Diamond Prism '' certification award in Colombia , selling more than one million units in the country alone . Her success in Latin America was further consolidated by Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) , which peaked atop the US Billboard Top Latin Albums chart for eleven weeks . The album also spawned the top-ten hit `` Ojos Así '' , which performed successfully in several European countries . Motivated by Gloria Estefan , Shakira successfully crossed over into the English-language pop music scene with the release of the multi-platinum selling Laundry Service ( 2001 ) and its worldwide chart-toppers `` Whenever , Wherever '' and `` Underneath Your Clothes '' . The album sold three million copies in six months of its release in the United States . By 2002 , Laundry Service had sold more than four million copies across Europe and was declared the seventh best-selling album in the world in the same year by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI ) . Out of a total of 60 songs , Shakira selected 20 songs and divided them into two albums , the Spanish Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 and the English Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 ; both were released in 2005 . The former opened at number four on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 157,000 units -- the highest debut of a full-length Spanish-language album in the country . It became one of the best-selling Latin albums in the United States , and finished as the second best-selling Latin album of the decade . Its lead single `` La Tortura '' spent 25 non-consecutive weeks at number one on the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart . `` La Tortura '' held the record for longest-running number one single on the chart by nearly a decade , until it was succeeded by Enrique Iglesias 's song `` Bailando '' in October 2014 . Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 debuted within the top ten in most countries , although its sales began to decline in early 2006 . Shakira 's label Epic then reissued the album , adding its second single `` Hips Do n't Lie '' to the track list ; the song topped charts in 55 countries , including the UK Singles chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 . One of the best-selling singles of the 21st century , `` Hips Do n't Lie '' successfully revitalised sales of its parent album . Shakira 's eighth studio album , She Wolf ( 2009 ) , deviated from her signature latin pop and pop rock styles , instead exploring the electropop genre . It performed well in Europe and Latin America ; in Mexico it was certified platinum and gold within a week of its release . However , it did not replicate its success in the United States , where it peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200 . Shakira was chosen to record the official song of the 2010 FIFA World Cup , `` Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa ) '' , which was released in May 2010 . It topped numerous record charts and was a multi-platinum selling single in Italy , Germany , Mexico , Spain and Switzerland . It was similarly successful in the United States , where it sold more than one million copies and was certified platinum . In the same year , her ninth studio album Sale el Sol was released . Preceded by the top ten hit `` Loca '' , the bilingual album marked a musical return to Shakira 's `` roots '' and retained her success in Europe and Latin America , being certified diamond in both Colombia and France . Inspired by her relationship with Spanish footballer Gerard Piqué and the birth of their son Milan Piqué Mebarak , her tenth studio album Shakira was released in 2014 . It became her second consecutive diamond album in Colombia and debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 -- her highest peak in the country for an album . It featured the top-ten hits `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' and `` Dare ( La La La ) '' . El Dorado is Shakira 's eleventh studio album , which featured the international hits `` Chantaje '' and `` La Bicicleta '' , will be released in May 2017 ." }, { "docid": "Moscas_en_la_Casa", "title": "", "text": "`` Moscas en la Casa '' ( Flies in the House ) is a Latin pop ballad written and performed by Colombian singer Shakira , released as the fifth single from her 1998 multi-platinum album Dónde están los ladrones ? . In the song , Shakira explains the sadness that she feels after a broken relationship and how she has let herself go , while she continues to wait for him to come back . It was a single only for radio , no video was shot for the song ." }, { "docid": "Loca_(Shakira_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Loca '' ( `` Crazy '' ) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her seventh studio album , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) . It was released by Epic Records as the lead single from the album . The Spanish-language version features Dominican rapper El Cata , and was released on 10 September 2010 , while the English-language version features British rapper Dizzee Rascal , and was released on 13 September 2010 . It was written and produced by Shakira , with additional songwriting from Edward Bello , Armando Pérez , and Dylan Mills . The song is a Latin pop and merengue track that lyrically describes Shakira 's eccentric infatuation with a man . In August 2014 , a senior US district judge found `` Loca '' to have been indirectly plagiarised from `` Loca con su Tiguere '' , a mid-1990s song composed by Dominican songwriter Ramon `` Arias '' Vasquez . The case was dismissed in August 2015 after it was found that Vasquez had fabricated the evidence he had presented in court . Upon its release , `` Loca '' received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who complimented the inclusion of merengue music on the recording . The English version of the song became a worldwide commercial success and peaked inside the top five of the record charts of countries including Austria , Belgium , France , Hungary and Italy . The Spanish version peaked atop the charts of Spain and Switzerland , and became a hit on the Latin record charts in the United States , topping the Billboard Hot Latin Songs , Latin Pop Airplay , and Tropical Songs charts . `` Loca '' received record certifications in various countries around the world , including a diamond certification in Colombia and multi-platinum certifications in Italy , Mexico , and Spain . Its accompanying music video was filmed in Barcelona , Spain in August 2010 , and was released the following month . It features Shakira interacting with a beach crowd , and dancing in front of the sea wearing a golden bikini . It generated a favourable response from critics , many of whom praised its concept for matching the vibe of the song . For additional promotion , Shakira performed `` Loca '' on several television shows and on her The Sun Comes Out World Tour ." }, { "docid": "Pies_Descalzos,_Sueños_Blancos", "title": "", "text": "`` Pies Descalzos , Sueños Blancos '' ( English : Bare Feet , White Dreams ) is the third single from Shakira 's debut album Pies Descalzos ( 1996 ) . Written and composed by her , `` Pies Descalzos , Sueños Blancos '' talks about all the rules that the human race has invented since Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit . It is a social satire in both the lyrics and the music video . The song was performed in the latter half of Shakira 's Oral Fixation Tour , and there is a Portuguese version called `` Pés Descalços '' ." }, { "docid": "Objection_(Tango)", "title": "", "text": "`` Objection ( Tango ) '' is a song recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for her fifth studio album and first English-language album Laundry Service ( 2001 ) . It was the first song Shakira wrote in English after being encouraged by American singer Gloria Estefan to record material in the language . She also produced the track along with Lester Mendez . `` Objection ( Tango ) '' musically combines elements of pop rock and tango , and contains instrumentation from the bandoneón and guitar . Through the lyrics of the song , Shakira aims to end a love triangle she is a part of . The song was released as the third single from the album on 6 July 2002 . A Spanish version of the song , entitled `` Te Aviso , Te Anuncio ( Tango ) '' ( `` I 'm Warning You , I 'm Telling You '' ) , was also recorded by the singer . Upon its release , `` Objection ( Tango ) '' received generally favourable reviews from music critics , some of whom found it similar to the work of American new wave band The B-52 's . Commercially , `` Objection ( Tango ) '' was a success and peaked inside the top ten of record charts of various countries such as Australia , Belgium , Italy , Netherlands and France . The song became the last single from the album to chart in the United Kingdom and on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States , reaching numbers 17 and 55 , respectively . `` Te Aviso , Te Anuncio ( Tango ) '' charted inside the top ten of the US Billboard Latin Pop Airplay and Latin Tropical/Salsa Airplay charts . `` Objection ( Tango ) '' was certified platinum and gold in Australia and France by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) and Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique ( SNEP ) , respectively . An accompanying music video for `` Objection ( Tango ) '' was directed by Dave Meyers and features Shakira fighting her unfaithful lover and his mistress in a club . A segment of the video is rendered in an animated cartoon-form . For additional promotion , Shakira performed a samba-inspired version of the song at the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards . It was also included in the setlist of the Tour of the Mongoose , which was launched to promote Laundry Service . `` Objection ( Tango ) '' was also used in a Pepsi commercial featuring Shakira ." } ]
70098	Michael Schumacher is a professional writer	[ { "docid": "Michael_Schumacher", "title": "", "text": "Michael Schumacher ( -LSB- ˈmɪçaʔɛl ˈʃuːmaxɐ -RSB- ; born 3 January 1969 ) is a German retired racing driver . He is a seven-time Formula One World Champion and is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time . He was named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year twice . He won two titles with Benetton in and before moving to Ferrari where he drove for eleven years . His time with Ferrari yielded five consecutive titles between and . Schumacher holds many of Formula One 's driver records , including most championships , race victories , fastest laps , pole positions and races won in a single season -- 13 in 2004 ( the last record was equalled by fellow German Sebastian Vettel nine years later ) . In 2002 , he became the only driver in Formula One history to finish in the top three in every race of a season and then also broke the record for most consecutive podium finishes . According to the official Formula One website , he is `` statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen '' . After beginning in karting , Schumacher won the German drivers ' championships in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship . In 1991 , his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed by Benetton Formula One team as their driver for the rest of that season . Establishing himself as a top driver , finishing third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 , Schumacher became the first German World Drivers ' Champion in 1994 by one point over Damon Hill . In 1995 he repeated the success , this time with a greater margin . Schumacher moved to Ferrari in 1996 . Schumacher came close to winning the 1997 and 1998 titles , before breaking his leg at the 1999 British Grand Prix , ending another title run . Schumacher won five consecutive drivers ' titles from 2000 to 2004 . Schumacher retired from Formula One driving in 2006 staying with Ferrari as an advisor . He came close to an eighth title that year , but due to technical problems in the final two races he fell short to Fernando Alonso . Schumacher agreed to return for Ferrari part-way through 2009 , as cover for the badly injured Felipe Massa , but was prevented by a neck injury . Schumacher returned to Formula One on a permanent basis from 2010 with the Mercedes team before retiring for a second time at the conclusion of the 2012 season . His career was not without controversy , including being twice involved in collisions in the final race of a season that determined the outcome of the World Championship , with Damon Hill in 1994 in Adelaide , and with Jacques Villeneuve in 1997 in Jerez . Off the track , Schumacher is an ambassador for UNESCO and a spokesman for driver safety . He has been involved in numerous humanitarian efforts throughout his life and donated tens of millions of dollars to charity . Schumacher and his younger brother , Ralf , are the only brothers to win races in Formula One , and they were the first brothers to finish 1st and 2nd in the same race , a feat they repeated in four subsequent races . In December 2013 , Schumacher suffered a serious head injury in a skiing accident . He was airlifted to a hospital and placed in a medically induced coma , having suffered a traumatic brain injury . He was in the coma for six months from 29 December 2013 until 16 June 2014 . He left the hospital in Grenoble for further rehabilitation at the University Hospital ( CHUV ) in Lausanne . On 9 September 2014 , Schumacher was relocated to his home where he continues to receive medical treatment and rehabilitation privately ." } ]	[ { "docid": "2000_Japanese_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Japanese Grand Prix ( formally the XXVI Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix ) was a Formula One motor race held on 8 October 2000 at the Suzuka Circuit in Suzuka , Japan . It was the 16th and penultimate round of the 2000 Formula One season , as well as , the 26th Japanese Grand Prix . The 53-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from pole position . Mika Häkkinen finished second in a McLaren with teammate David Coulthard finishing third . Schumacher 's win confirmed him as 2000 Drivers ' Champion , as Häkkinen could not surpass Schumacher 's points total with only one race remaining . Häkkinen started the race alongside Michael Schumacher on the front row of the grid . Michael Schumacher attempted to defend his lead off the line by moving into Häkkinen 's path , but Häkkinen passed Michael Schumacher heading into the first corner , with Coulthard withstanding Williams driver Ralf Schumacher attempts to pass him to maintain third position . Michael Schumacher managed to close the gap to his title rival by lap 31 and passed Häkkinen during the second round of pit stops . This allowed him to maintain a 1.9 second gap between himself and Häkkinen towards the end of the race to secure his eighth victory of the season . Michael Schumacher received praise from many within the Formula One community , including former Champion Jody Scheckter and Ferrari president Luca di Montezemolo , though he was criticised by former Italian president Francesco Cossiga for his conduct when the Italian National Anthem was played on the podium . The Ferrari driver also received predominant congratulations from the European press . Häkkinen 's second-place finish secured him second position in the Drivers ' Championship , while Ferrari extended the gap to McLaren in the Constructors ' Championship to thirteen points , with one race remaining in the season ." }, { "docid": "2001_German_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2001 German Grand Prix ( formally the LXIII Großer Mobil 1 Preis von Deutschland ) was a Formula One motor race held on 29 July 2001 at the Hockenheimring , Baden-Württemberg , Germany . It was the twelfth round of the 2001 Formula One season and the 63rd German Grand Prix . The 45-lap race was won by Williams driver Ralf Schumacher after starting from the second position . Rubens Barrichello finished second for Ferrari with BAR driver Jacques Villeneuve third . Juan Pablo Montoya started from pole position alongside Ralf Schumacher . Michael Schumacher , the eventual Drivers ' Champion started fourth , behind Mika Häkkinen of McLaren . The race was marked by an airborne accident going into the first corner involving Michael Schumacher and Luciano Burti for Prost , which caused the track to be scattered with shreds of carbon fibre and the race restarted as a result . Both Williams drivers retained their positions at the end of the first lap , with Michael Schumacher passing Häkkinen for third . Over the course of the race , Montoya extended a considerable lead over Ralf Schumacher . Montoya lost the lead on lap 24 when an issue with a refulling rig caused him to be stationary for more than 20 seconds . Ralf Schumacher thus inherited the lead and held it to win his third victory of the season . As a consequence of the race , Michael Schumacher retained his points advantage in the Drivers ' Championship over nearest rival David Coulthard as both drivers retired from the event . Ralf Schumacher moved ahead of Barrichello to take over third position . In the Constructors ' Championship , Ferrari retained their lead , while Williams reduced the deficit to McLaren by ten points , with five races of the season remaining . This was the last Grand Prix to be held on the former Hockenheimring circuit ; the race was held on a shorter reconfigured track from 2002 ." }, { "docid": "2000_Malaysian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Malaysian Grand Prix ( formally the II Petronas Malaysian Grand Prix ) was a Formula One motor race held on 22 October 2000 at the Sepang International Circuit , in Sepang . It was the 17th and final race of the 2000 Formula One season , and the second Malaysian Grand Prix . The 56-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from pole position . David Coulthard finished second for the McLaren team with Michael Schumacher 's teammate Rubens Barrichello third . Mika Häkkinen , driving for McLaren , started from second position alongside Michael Schumacher . However , Häkkinen was forced to serve a ten-second stop-and-go penalty because he was judged to have jumped the start . Häkkinen climbed back up to fourth place , his final finishing position . Coulthard , who started third , moved into the lead until the first round of pit stops . Michael Schumacher and teammate Barrichello traded the leading during their second stops with the former retaining the lead . Michael Schumacher held off a challenge from Coulthard in the closing stages of the Grand Prix to secure victory . Michael Schumacher 's win was his ninth of the season , matching the record set by himself in 1995 , and Nigel Mansell in 1992 . Ferrari was confirmed as Constructors ' Champions as McLaren could not pass its points total in the final race . Coulthard 's second-place finish helped to secure him third position in the World Drivers ' Championship . The Grand Prix was Pedro Diniz and Johnny Herbert 's final race ; the Englishman retired after 160 race starts ." }, { "docid": "1998_Italian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 1998 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 13 September 1998 . The race was won by Michael Schumacher . This was also the last win for tyre manufacturer Goodyear in Formula One . It was a dramatic race , Häkkinen got a blinding start pushing his way past Jacques Villeneuve and Michael Schumacher on the front row , at same time it was a dreadful start for Schumacher who fell down to 5th , soon after he passed Villeneuve for 4th then Irvine for 3rd . Häkkinen was struggling with a developing brake issue soon after and he waved his team mate Coulthard through , but soon after Coulthard 's engine blew and seconds later Schumacher , who had caught Häkkinen , passed the Finn when Häkkinen had adjusted his brake bias forwards to cope with the brake problem and ran wide due to the smoke from Coulthard 's engine . Villeneuve running very low downforce soon spun out of the race , and Häkkinen started catching Schumacher again . Häkkinen was just three seconds behind with a handful of laps remaining , but then his rear brakes failed , sending him into a wild spin at the Roggia chicane . He was able to keep his engine running and kept going , but at the beginning of the next lap he went off again at the first Rettifilo chicane , and Irvine reeled him in and took 2nd off him . Soon after Ralf Schumacher caught and over took Häkkinen who was able to limp home in 4th . It was jubliant scenes for the Italian crowd as Michael Schumacher came home first and his Ferrari team mate Eddie Irvine took second with Ralf Schumacher 3rd , meaning the Jordan team had finished on all three podium places in two races . Michael Schumacher was now level on points with Mika Häkkinen going into the Nürburgring , the penultimate round ." }, { "docid": "You_Are_the_Champion", "title": "", "text": "You Are the Champion is a cover version of Queen 's iconic We Are the Champions , which was originally written by Freddie Mercury in 1977 . Often used during sporting events , especially for victory celebrations , a special version was recorded by Scorpions and Michael Kleitmann in honor of Michael Schumacher winning his seventh F1 Formula One Championship . The song was slightly re-written , most notably changing it from `` We '' to `` You '' which is naturally a reference to Schumacher . The version of the song was released as a single You Are the Champion ( Homage to Michael Schumacher ) on September 20 , 2004 by SonyBMG . The song however did not become any notable hit , barely charting on the German Singles Chart , peaking at number 92 . It was subsequently included on the album Stand Up For The Champion - Michael Schumacher which was released to his successful career when he decided to leave the Formula One Racing ." }, { "docid": "2000_Canadian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Canadian Grand Prix ( formally the XXXIIX Grand Prix Air Canada ) was a Formula One motor race held on 18 June 2000 at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve , Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It was the eighth round of the 2000 Formula One season and the 38th Canadian Grand Prix . The 69-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from pole position . His teammate Rubens Barrichello finished second with Giancarlo Fisichella third for the Benetton team . Michael Schumacher started from pole position alongside McLaren driver David Coulthard . Barrichello began from third , alongside Coulthard 's teammate Mika Häkkinen . The front two of Michael Schumacher and Coulthard battled for first place until Coulthard served a ten-second stop-go penalty on lap 14 as his mechanics worked on his car 15 seconds before the race began . Just before half distance , Michael Schumacher made an early pit stop allowing Barrichello to take the lead until his own pit stop on lap 43 . By this time rain began to fall causing drivers to make the switch to wet-weather tyres . Michael Schumacher retained his lead throughout and took the victory 0.1 seconds ahead of Barrichello . The victory was Michael Schumacher 's fifth of the season , his fourth at the circuit , and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers ' Championship to twenty-two points in front Coulthard , with Häkkinen a further two points behind . Ferrari also extended their lead in the Constructors ' Championship , eighteen points ahead of McLaren . Benetton , on 18 points , pushed their rivals Williams down to fourth place , with nine races of the season remaining ." }, { "docid": "2002_Brazilian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2002 Brazilian Grand Prix ( formally the XXXI Grande Prêmio Marlboro do Brasil ) was a Formula One motor race held on 31 March 2002 at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace , São Paulo , Brazil . It was the third round of the 2002 Formula One season and the thirty-first Brazilian Grand Prix . The 71-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from second position . Ralf Schumacher finished second for the Williams team with David Coulthard third in a McLaren . Juan Pablo Montoya started from pole position alongside Michael Schumacher . Mika Salo scored his last ever world championship points at this race . Michael Schumacher 's win was his second of the season , his fourth at Interlagos , and the result meant that he extended his lead in the Drivers ' Championship to eight points over Ralf Schumacher and ten over Montoya . Ferrari reduced the lead of Williams in the Constructors ' Championship to six points with fourteen races of the season remaining ." }, { "docid": "2000_Hungarian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Hungarian Grand Prix ( formally the XVI Marlboro Magyar Nagydíj ) was a Formula One motor race held on 13 August 2000 at Hungaroring , near Budapest , Hungary . It was the twelfth race of the 2000 Formula One season and the 18th Hungarian Grand Prix . The 77-lap race was won by McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen after starting from third position . Michael Schumacher finished second in a Ferrari with Häkkinen 's teammate David Coulthard third . Michael Schumacher started alongside Coulthard on the front row of the grid . Going into the first corner , Häkkinen accelerated faster than Michael Schumacher and Coulthard off the line and overtook both drivers for the lead . He managed to maintain his lead until his first pit stop on lap 31 . As his teammate Coulthard made his pit stop one lap later , Häkkinen regained the lead which he held to win his third win of the season . Michael Schumacher fended off Coulthard , who challenged him in the later stages despite losing time lapping backmarkers , to take second . Häkkinen 's victory promoted him into the lead of the Drivers ' Championship for the first time in the 2000 season , two points ahead of Michael Schumacher and six ahead of Coulthard . Häkkinen and Coulthard 's strong finishes promoted McLaren into the lead of the Constructors ' Championship , one point ahead of Ferrari and 88 ahead of Williams with five races of the season remaining ." }, { "docid": "2000_United_States_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 United States Grand Prix ( formally the XXIX SAP United States Grand Prix ) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 September 2000 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Indianapolis , Indiana . It was the fifteenth race of the 2000 Formula One season and the 34th United States Grand Prix . The 73-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from pole position . His teammate Rubens Barrichello finished second with Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen third . McLaren driver David Coulthard started second , alongside Michael Schumacher . However , Coulthard was forced to serve a ten-second stop-go penalty on lap eight because he moved forward into the lead before the start . Michael Schumacher 's main rival in the championship , Mika Häkkinen , started from fourth but retired with an blown engine on lap 26 . Michael Schumacher thus had an unchallenged lead and was able to clinch his seventh win of the season , despite a spin in the final stages of the race . As a consequence of the race , Michael Schumacher retook the lead in the Drivers ' Championship by eight points over Häkkinen . Coulthard 's fifth place in the Grand Prix eliminated his hopes of winning the Championship , and reduced his lead over fourth-placed Barrichello to eight points . In the Constructors ' Championship , Ferrari took over the lead held by McLaren and established a ten-point advantage , with two races of the season remaining ." }, { "docid": "2000_Belgian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Belgian Grand Prix ( formally , the LVIII Foster 's Belgian Grand Prix ) was a Formula One motor race held on 27 August 2000 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps , Stavelot , Belgium . It was the thirteenth race of the 2000 Formula One season , and the 58th Belgian Grand Prix . The 44-lap race was won by McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen , who started from the pole position . Michael Schumacher finished second in a Ferrari , and Williams driver Ralf Schumacher was third . The race began behind the safety car , and when the car returned to the pit lane Häkkinen built a comfortable lead over Jarno Trulli . As the track dried and his rivals made pit stops , Häkkinen maintained his lead until a lap-13 spin gave Michael Schumacher the lead for most of the remainder of the race . By the 34th lap Schumacher 's tyres began to degrade ; he drove off the racing line to cool them , which allowed Häkkinen to close the gap . On lap 41 Häkkinen overtook Michael Schumacher for the lead , lapping BAR driver Ricardo Zonta and maintaining the lead to win . Although Rubens Barrichello set the fastest lap time in the other Ferrari , he was hampered by a poor qualifying performance and retired with a fuel-pressure problem thirteen laps from the finish . Häkkinen 's victory extended his lead in the Drivers ' Championship to six points over Michael Schumacher , with Coulthard a further seven points behind . Barrichello 's retirement dropped him to twenty-five points behind Häkkinen . In the Constructors ' Championship , McLaren extended their lead to eight points over Ferrari with four races remaining in the season ." }, { "docid": "2000_Italian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Italian Grand Prix ( formally the LXXI Gran Premio Campari d'Italia ) was a Formula One motor race held on 10 September 2000 at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza near Monza , Lombardy , Italy . It was the fourteenth race of the 2000 Formula One season and the 71st Italian Grand Prix . The 53-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from pole position . Mika Häkkinen finished second in a McLaren car with Ralf Schumacher third for the Williams team . Michael Schumacher maintained his start line advantage and withstood Häkkinen 's attempts to pass him going into the first corner . Further around the lap , a collision involving four cars prompted the deployment of the safety car and a fire marshal Paolo Gislimberti was struck by a flying wheel . When the safety car pulled into the pit lane on lap eleven , Michael Schumacher began to immediately pull clear from Häkkinen and kept the lead until his pit stop on the 39th lap . When Häkkinen made his own pit stop three laps later , Michael Schumacher regained the lead which he held to clinch his sixth victory of the 2000 season ; Häkkinen finished almost four seconds behind . As a consequence of the race , Schumacher reduced Häkkinen 's lead in the Drivers ' Championship to two points , with David Coulthard a further 17 points back . Rubens Barrichello who was caught up in the first lap accident was mathematically ruled out of clinching the title . In the Constructors ' Championship , McLaren 's eight point advantage going into the race was reduced to four , with three races of the season remaining . Gislimberti later died in hospital and his death caused safety measures in Formula One to be reviewed ." }, { "docid": "2004_Monaco_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2004 Monaco Grand Prix ( formally the LXII Grand Prix de Monaco ) was a Formula One motor race held on 23 May 2004 , at the Circuit de Monaco ; contested over 77 laps , it was the sixth race of the 2004 Formula One season . The race was won by the Renault driver Jarno Trulli . The BAR driver , Jenson Button finished in second position , one second behind Trulli . Rubens Barrichello took the third and final podium spot for Ferrari . In fine conditions Trulli beat Button to the first corner off the grid , and the fast starting Takuma Sato beat Kimi Räikkönen and Michael Schumacher to fourth place before retiring at the end of the second lap . On lap three the safety car was deployed due to a collision between David Coulthard and Giancarlo Fisichella , with the race resuming on lap seven . The two Renault drivers , Trulli and Fernando Alonso remained close together at the front of the race until the pit stops which briefly saw Michael Schumacher lead the race . Alonso retired after crashing trying to lap Ralf Schumacher , and a second safety car period ensued . After briefly leading , Michael Schumacher retired behind the safety car following a collision with Juan-Pablo Montoya , who subsequently finished fourth . Schumacher 's retirement elevated Button to second , and Trulli to the lead . Button subsequently reduced Trulli 's lead , and the pair raced closely until the finish . The race was Trulli 's sole victory of his F1 career . The retirement of Michael Schumacher , the defending Drivers ' Champion , brought to an end his run of five successive victories from the inaugural race of the season . The race result had no bearing on the Drivers ' Championship standings , and despite his retirement , Schumacher departed Monaco as the points leader , ahead of Barrichello and Button . Trulli 's victory placed him ten points ahead of his teammate Alonso . Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors ' Championship , 36 points ahead of Renault and 48 ahead of BAR , with 12 races of the season remaining ." }, { "docid": "2001_Canadian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2001 Canadian Grand Prix ( formally the XXXIX Grand Prix Air Canada ) was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve , Montreal on 10 June 2001 . It was the eighth round of the 2001 Formula One season . The 69-lap race was won by Ralf Schumacher driving for the Williams team . Michael Schumacher finished second , driving a Ferrari car , with Mika Häkkinen third for the McLaren team . Ralf Schumacher 's win was his second of the season and also marked the first time that two brothers finished first and second in a race . As a consequence of the race , Michael Schumacher extended his lead in the Drivers ' Championship to 18 points over David Coulthard . In the Constructors ' Championship , Ferrari extended their lead over McLaren to 34 points ." }, { "docid": "2000_French_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 French Grand Prix ( formally the LXXXVI Mobil 1 Grand Prix de France ) was a Formula One motor race held on 2 July 2000 at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours , Magny-Cours , Burgundy , France . It was the ninth race of the 2000 Formula One season and the 86th French Grand Prix . The 72-lap race was won by McLaren driver David Coulthard after starting from second position . His teammate Mika Häkkinen finished second with Rubens Barrichello third for the Ferrari team . Coulthard started the race alongside Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher who began from pole position . Barrichello began from third on the grid and overtook Coulthard going into the first corner . Michael Schumacher maintained his start line advantage and kept the lead after the first round of pit stops . During the course of the second stint of the race , Michael Schumacher began to struggle with tyre wear , allowing Coulthard to close the gap and passed him on lap 40 . Coulthard maintained his lead through the second round of pit stops and won the race . Michael Schumacher retired on lap 59 with an engine failure promoting Häkkinen into second position . Barrichello took third , ahead of BAR driver Jacques Villeneuve in fourth . The race was Coulthard 's third victory of the season , his first at Magny-Cours , and the result meant that he reduced Michael Schumacher 's points advantage in the Drivers ' Championship to twelve points . Häkkinen remained third on 38 points , six ahead of Barrichello . In the Constructors ' Championship , McLaren 's one-two finish allowed them to narrow the gap to Ferrari to be six points behind , with eight races of the season remaining ." }, { "docid": "Michael_Schumacher_Racing_World_Kart_2002", "title": "", "text": "Michael Schumacher Racing World Kart 2002 is a racing video game released for PlayStation and Microsoft Windows in 2002 , developed by Radon Labs and published by JoWooD Entertainment ." }, { "docid": "Corinna_Schumacher", "title": "", "text": "Corinna Schumacher , née Betsch ( born 2 March 1969 ) is the wife of German seven-times Formula One champion Michael Schumacher . The pair married in August 1995 in Germany ." }, { "docid": "Mick_Schumacher", "title": "", "text": "Mick Schumacher ( -LSB- ˈmɪk ˈʃuːmaxɐ -RSB- ; born 22 March 1999 ) is a German racing driver . He began his career in karting in 2008 , progressing to the German ADAC Formula 4 by 2015 . He is the son of Corinna and seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher , nephew of former Formula One driver Ralf Schumacher , and stepnephew of Sebastian Stahl ." }, { "docid": "2002_Malaysian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2002 Malaysian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 17 March 2002 at the Sepang International Circuit and was the second round of the 2002 Formula One season . The Grand Prix is notable for the first lap collision between Williams driver Juan Pablo Montoya and Ferrari 's Michael Schumacher , which led to the Colombian being given a drive through penalty . This decision led to much criticism for the Malaysian stewards , with the victim of the incident , Schumacher , commenting that the decision was `` overly harsh '' on Montoya . The Grand Prix was won by the Williams-BMW of German Ralf Schumacher , who commented that it was `` almost a perfect race '' . Ralf was followed by his teammate , Juan Pablo Montoya and following them in third was Ralf 's brother , Michael Schumacher . The race was followed by a decision by the FIA to give stewards more powers over the punishments of drivers who are involved in incidents which are deemed `` avoidable '' ." }, { "docid": "2007_Desafio_Internacional_das_Estrelas", "title": "", "text": "2007 Desafio Internacional das Estrelas was the third edition of Desafio Internacional das Estrelas ( International Challenge of the Stars ) held on November 23 -- November 25 , 2007 . It was won by Michael Schumacher . In the qualification for the race Nelson Piquet , Jr. took pole position . The event had two races with points gathered from both races , although the second race gave less points . The first eight finishers from the first race were then reversed for the start of the second race with the rest starting the second race as they were classified in the first race . Race one winner was Michael Schumacher and the second race was won by Lucas di Grassi . After the two races Michael Schumacher had gathered the most points ( 35 ) ahead of Luciano Burti ( 33 points ) and Lucas di Grassi ( 31 points ) . Thus , he was declared the champion in his first participation of the event ." }, { "docid": "2000_Spanish_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Spanish Grand Prix ( formally the XLII Gran Premio Marlboro de España ) was a Formula One motor race held on 7 May 2000 at the Circuit de Catalunya , Montmeló , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . It was the fifth round of the 2000 Formula One season and the 42nd Spanish Grand Prix . The 65-lap race was won by McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen who started from the second position . His team-mate David Coulthard finished second and Rubens Barrichello finished third in a Ferrari . Michael Schumacher started from the pole position and held off a challenge from Häkkinen on the first lap . He maintained the lead until his first pit stop on lap 24 when a refuller was struck by his rear tyre , allowing Häkkinen to take over the lead until his pit stop two laps later . Michael Schumacher kept the lead for a further twenty-one laps as he and Häkkinen made their second pit stops together , with Häkkinen emerging in front because Schumacher experienced a slow pit stop . Häkkinen kept the lead for the remaining twenty-three laps to win the race . The victory was Häkkinen 's first of the season , and put him into second place in the World Drivers ' Championship , fourteen points behind Michael Schumacher . Coulthard 's second-place finish meant that he dropped to third , and Barrichello third place moved him ahead of Ralf Schumacher . In the World Constructors ' Championship , McLaren 's one-two finish allowed them to move within seven points from leaders Ferrari . Williams remained in third on 15 points , with twelve races remaining in the season ." }, { "docid": "Ferrari_F2005", "title": "", "text": "The Ferrari F2005 is a Formula One racing car designed and built by Scuderia Ferrari for the 2005 Formula One World Championship . After 6 straight seasons of Ferrari winning the Constructors ' Championship , and five straight Drivers ' Championships , the F2005 was not a successful car , and Ferrari scored their lowest result in the constructors since 1995 . The main reason for Ferrari 's lack of form was down to the Bridgestone tyres the team used , which were poor in comparison to the Michelin tyres that were used by the majority of teams that were competing for glory with Ferrari ( Renault , McLaren , Toyota , Williams , BAR , Red Bull Racing and Sauber all had Michelin ) . The best result achieved all season was a one-two finish at the United States Grand Prix , where , due to Michelin claiming that their tyres were unsafe , only six cars competed ( Ferrari , Jordan and Minardi all raced on Bridgestone tyres , the tyre they had been using all season ) . This was to be Ferrari 's and Michael Schumacher 's only race win of the season . The most competitive races for Ferrari where all twenty cars competed were at the San Marino and Hungarian Grands Prix . At Imola , Michael Schumacher qualified thirteenth after making a mistake in the second qualifying session the day before , but on race day Bridgestone were at their most competitive , with Michael storming through the field to challenge eventual race winner Fernando Alonso , putting a huge amount of pressure on the 2005 World Champion , but being unable to find a way past . As for the Hungarian Grand Prix , Michael Schumacher qualified on pole , almost a second ahead of second placed Juan Pablo Montoya ( McLaren-Mercedes ) and led the race on a track where the Michelin tyre was expected to hold an advantage over their Japanese rivals . Michael had a light fuel load , and was eventually beaten by McLaren driver Kimi Räikkönen , who at the end of the day had a better pit stop strategy . Apart from those two races , Ferrari often never looked in contention for race victories , and eventually finished a distant third in the Constructors ' Championship , with Michael Schumacher and Rubens Barrichello suffering their worst championship positions in recent memory with Schumacher scoring 62 points , and Barrichello only 38 points . Barrichello left for the Honda team by the end of the season , and was replaced by fellow Brazilian Felipe Massa for the 2006 season ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Formula_One_Grand_Prix_wins_by_Michael_Schumacher", "title": "", "text": "Michael Schumacher is a German racing driver who won seven Formula One world championships . Schumacher entered Formula One with the Jordan racing team in 1991 , qualifying seventh in his debut race at the Belgian Grand Prix . Following this race , he was signed by Benetton for the rest of the season . His first Grand Prix win came the following year at the same venue as his debut race . Schumacher won his first Formula One World Championship in 1994 , a season in which he won eight races . His victory was controversial , as he was involved in a collision with fellow championship contender Damon Hill at the final race in Adelaide . Both drivers had to retire their cars which resulted in Schumacher securing the championship . He won his second championship the following year , winning nine races , and became the youngest double world champion at the time . Schumacher joined Ferrari in 1996 . He finished third in the championship , winning three races , in a season dominated by the Williams team . His victory at the Spanish Grand Prix , which Schumacher won by 45 seconds , is noted as one of the great Formula One wet weather drives . In the 1997 season , Schumacher won five races but was disqualified from the championship after the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile concluded that he had deliberately collided with Jacques Villeneuve , his championship rival , at the European Grand Prix in Jerez . The following year , he won six races . Schumacher won his third world championship in 2000 ; the first for a Ferrari driver since 1979 . He followed this with four consecutive championships from 2001 to 2004 . During the 2001 season , at the Belgian Grand Prix , Schumacher won his 52nd Grand Prix , breaking Alain Prost 's record for the most career Grand Prix wins . His 2002 season , in which he was on the podium in every race , included eleven race victories . The latter broke the record for the most wins in a single season . Schumacher surpassed this with thirteen race victories in 2004 . His final Grand Prix win was at the 2006 Chinese Grand Prix ; at the end of that season he retired from Formula One . Although he made a return to Formula One racing with Mercedes between 2010 and 2012 , this did not result in any further victories . Schumacher contested 308 races in his career which included 91 Grand Prix wins ; the majority of his race victories were for the Ferrari team with 72 . His most successful circuit was Magny-Cours where he won eight times in his career . Schumacher 's largest margin of victory was at the 1994 Brazilian Grand Prix , a race in which he lapped the field , and the smallest margin of victory was at the 2000 Canadian Grand Prix when he beat teammate Rubens Barrichello by 0.174 seconds ." }, { "docid": "Ralf_Schumacher", "title": "", "text": "Ralf Schumacher ( born 30 June 1975 ) is a German former racing driver . He is the younger brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and the pair are the only siblings to win Formula One races . Schumacher began karting at the age of three and achieved early success before making the transition to automobile racing in the German Formula Three Championship and the Formula Nippon series . He first drove in Formula One with Jordan Grand Prix for the 1997 season . Schumacher moved to the Williams F1 team in 1999 , finishing 6th in the Drivers ' Championship that year . He won his first Grand Prix in 2001 , en route to 4th place in the Drivers ' Championship , and subsequently won five more races over the course of two years . Schumacher left Williams at the end of 2004 and joined Toyota Racing in 2005 . However , his performance throughout 2006 and 2007 resulted in Schumacher leaving Formula One , as a result of internal pressure . After leaving Formula One , Schumacher joined the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2008 , achieving minor success , and retired from motorsport at the end of 2012 to enter a managerial role within DTM , mentoring young drivers ." }, { "docid": "2003_French_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2003 French Grand Prix ( formally the Mobil 1 Grand Prix de France ) was a Formula One motor race held on 6 July 2003 at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours . It was the tenth race of the 2003 Formula One season . The 70-lap race was won by Ralf Schumacher driving for the Williams team after starting from pole position . Juan Pablo Montoya finished second in the other Williams car , with Michael Schumacher third driving for Ferrari . Ralf Schumacher 's victory was his second consecutive win of the season having won the preceding European Grand Prix at the Nürburgring . As a consequence of the race , Michael Schumacher extended his lead in the World Drivers ' Championship to eight points over Kimi Räikkönen , with Ralf Schumacher a further three points behind . In the World Constructors ' Championship , Williams reduced the gap to Ferrari from thirteen points to three points . This was the first French Grand Prix held at the upgraded version of Magny-Cours , having made Château d'Eau a sharper right hand corner , and a complete modification of the Lycée section , becoming a very sharp right hand turn after the back straight which then leads to a difficult final chicane next to the pit entrance . The pit lane was also significantly shortened as a result of the upgrades ." }, { "docid": "2003_San_Marino_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2003 San Marino Grand Prix ( formally the XXIII Gran Premio Foster 's di San Marino ) was a Formula One motor race held on 20 April 2003 at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari , Imola , Emilia-Romagna , Italy , with the race taking place on Easter Sunday . It was the fourth round of the 2003 Formula One season The 62-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher for the Ferrari team after starting from pole position . Kimi Räikkönen , driving for McLaren , finished second with Rubens Barrichello third in the other Ferrari . The remaining points-scoring positions were filled by Ralf Schumacher ( Williams ) , David Coulthard ( McLaren ) , Fernando Alonso ( Renault ) , Juan Pablo Montoya ( Williams ) and Jenson Button ( BAR ) . Schumacher 's victory for Ferrari was his and the team 's first of the season . Schumacher and his brother Ralf raced despite the death of their mother Elisabeth before the Grand Prix . The brothers led the field at the start with Ralf leading having overtaken Michael and held the lead until the first round of pit stops . As a consequence of the race , Räikkönen increased his lead in the World Drivers ' Championship , over team-mate David Coulthard to 13 points with Schumacher climbing to third . In the World Constructors Championship , McLaren increased their lead to 16 points with Ferrari overtaking Renault for second ." }, { "docid": "2000_Monaco_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Monaco Grand Prix ( formally the LVIII Grand Prix Automobile de Monaco ) was a Formula One motor race held on 4 June 2000 at the Circuit de Monaco . It was the seventh race of the 2000 Formula One season and the 58th Monaco Grand Prix . The 78-lap race was won by McLaren driver David Coulthard after starting from third position . Rubens Barrichello finished second for the Ferrari team with Benetton driver Giancarlo Fisichella third . Championship leader Michael Schumacher started from pole position alongside Jordan driver Jarno Trulli . The race was aborted due to a software glitch in the starting procedure and Jenson Button and Pedro de la Rosa collided which started a traffic jam . At the second start , Michael Schumacher maintained his lead into the first corner . After the second round of pit stops , Michael Schumacher 's exhaust broke causing a left rear suspension failure and his retirement from the race . Coulthard , in second place , became the new race leader on lap 57 . Coulthard maintained his lead throughout the remainder of the race and secured his second victory of the season , with Barrichello a further 15.8 seconds back . Coulthard 's victory allowed him to narrow the lead of Michael Schumacher in the World Drivers ' Championship to 12 points . Häkkinen retained third with Barrichello a further seven points behind . In the World Constructors ' Championship , Ferrari retained their lead which was reduced to five points over McLaren . Fisichella 's strong result reduced the gap to Benetton 's rivals Williams to one point , with ten races of the season remaining ." }, { "docid": "2006_Italian_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 2006 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 10 September 2006 at Autodromo Nazionale Monza . It was the fifteenth round of the 2006 Formula One season , and was won by Michael Schumacher driving a Ferrari car . Immediately following the race , Michael Schumacher announced that he would retire from motor racing at the end of the 2006 season . Robert Kubica achieved his first career podium finish , in only his third Grand Prix . It was also only the second Grand Prix meeting appearance of Kubica 's Friday driver successor , Sebastian Vettel . Vettel had impressed at the by setting the fastest time in one session , but he set the fastest time in both Friday practice sessions at this Grand Prix . The race was also the first race to see the introduction of a new High Speed Barrier developed by the FIA Institute and the FIA . The system , which was installed at the end of the run-off areas at the circuit 's second chicane and Parabolica corners , was designed for use at corners with high speed approaches and limited run-off areas . Also this was the last race of the Red Bull driver Christian Klien , until his return to a race seat at the 2010 Singapore Grand Prix . After the race , in the press conference , Michael Schumacher announced his retirement from Formula One . The race was his 90th victory . Three years later however in , Schumacher returned to F1 with Mercedes ." }, { "docid": "1993_Spanish_Grand_Prix", "title": "", "text": "The 1993 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 9 May 1993 at the Circuit de Catalunya . It was the fifth round of the 1993 Formula One season . The 65-lap race was won by Williams driver Alain Prost after he started from pole position . Ayrton Senna finished second for the McLaren team and Benetton driver Michael Schumacher came in third . As usual , the Williamses took 1-2 in qualifying in Spain , with Prost ahead of Hill , Senna , Schumacher , Patrese and Wendlinger . At the start , Hill got ahead of Prost with no changes behind . Hill was leading Prost , Senna , Schumacher , Patrese and Wendlinger . Hill and Prost pulled away from the rest with Prost taking the lead on lap 11 . Later in the race Prost 's car began to handle oddly and Hill closed up on him , attempting to re-overtake the Frenchman , only to retire when his engine failed on lap 41 . Schumacher and Senna both pitted for tyres late in the race . Senna had a tardy stop , and he lost nearly all his advantage over Schumacher , who put in a string of fastest laps to close the gap . This challenge was ended when Schumacher went off the track at the final corner , after having to go off line to pass the smoking Lotus of Alessandro Zanardi . Prost won from Senna , Schumacher , Patrese , Andretti and Berger ." }, { "docid": "2000_Formula_One_season", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Formula One season was the 54th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 2000 FIA Formula One World Championship which commenced on 12 March 2000 , and ended on 22 October after seventeen races . Michael Schumacher became Ferrari 's first World Drivers ' Champion for 21 years having clinched the Drivers ' title at the penultimate race of the season . Ferrari successfully defended its Constructors ' title . This season marked the first for future world champion Jenson Button . The season was for the third year running a close battle between Ferrari and McLaren since 1998 . Schumacher won the first three races and dominated the first part of the season as McLaren had reliability issues . Then misfortune struck Schumacher , who retired from three consecutive races with both Mika Häkkinen and David Coulthard scoring big . Häkkinen then surged to win two races in a row , leaving him six points clear of Schumacher who faced a fifth consecutive season at Ferrari without titles since 1996 . Schumacher fought back winning the final four races of the season in convincing fashion , recording pole position on all those occasions . The title was sealed in Japan on 8 October , after a classic straight fight between Schumacher and Häkkinen , with Schumacher passing Häkkinen at the final pit stop and then holding out in front ." }, { "docid": "Benjamin_Schumacher", "title": "", "text": "Benjamin `` Ben '' Schumacher is an American theoretical physicist , working mostly in the field of quantum information theory . He discovered a way of interpreting quantum states as information . He came up with a way of compressing the information in a state , and storing the information in a smaller number of states . This is now known as Schumacher compression . This was the quantum analog of Shannon 's noiseless coding theorem , and it helped to start the field known as quantum information theory . Schumacher is also credited with inventing the term qubit along with William Wootters of Williams College , which is to quantum computation as a bit is to traditional computation . He is the author of Physics in Spacetime , a textbook on Special Relativity , and Quantum Processes , Systems , and Information ( with Michael Westmoreland ) , a textbook on Quantum Mechanics . Schumacher is a professor of physics at Kenyon College , a liberal arts college in rural Ohio . He is the lecturer in four courses produced by the Teaching Company : Black Holes , Tides , and Curved Spacetime : Understanding Gravity ; Quantum Mechanics : The Physics of the Microscopic World ; Impossible : Physics Beyond the Edge ; and The Science of Information : From Language to Black Holes . Schumacher earned his bachelor 's degree at Hendrix College and his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin ." } ]
85626	Bridget Moynahan was cut from Lord of War.	[ { "docid": "Bridget_Moynahan", "title": "", "text": "Bridget Moynahan ( born Kathryn Bridget Moynahan ; April 28 , 1971 ) is an American actress and model . She graduated from Longmeadow High School , in Massachusetts , in 1989 , and began pursuing a career in modeling . She appeared in department-store catalogs and magazines , and after doing television commercials , she began taking acting lessons . Moynahan made her television debut in a guest appearance in the comedy series Sex and the City in 1999 , where she later had a recurring role as Natasha . She made her feature film debut in Coyote Ugly ( 2000 ) . She was cast in a supporting role in Serendipity ( 2001 ) . Moynahan was also featured in the action film The Sum of All Fears ( 2002 ) , spy thriller The Recruit ( 2003 ) , the science-fiction movie I , Robot ( 2004 ) , and the political thriller Lord of War ( 2005 ) . She starred in the ABC television series Six Degrees , which premiered in September 2006 , but was cancelled after one season . Moynahan completed work in Elizabeth Allen 's Ramona and Beezus , which was released in July 2010 , and has starred in the CBS drama Blue Bloods since September 2010 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Moynahan", "title": "", "text": "Moynahan is a family name with Irish origin and may refer to : People Bridget Moynahan , an American model and actress Brian Moynahan , an English writer Bernard Thomas Moynahan Jr. ( 1918 -- 1999 ) , an American federal judge Mike Moynahan ( 1856 - 1899 ) , an American baseball player Science 13620 Moynahan , an asteroid Moynahan syndrome , a skin condition" }, { "docid": "Prey_(2007_film)", "title": "", "text": "Prey is a 2007 psychological horror film based on a screenplay from Jeff Wadlow , Beau Bauman and was co-written and directed by Darrell Roodt , the film stars Bridget Moynahan , Peter Weller and Carly Schroeder ." }, { "docid": "The_Recruit", "title": "", "text": "The Recruit is a 2003 American spy thriller film , directed by Roger Donaldson and starring Al Pacino , Colin Farrell and Bridget Moynahan . It was produced by Epsilon Motion Pictures and released in North America by Touchstone Pictures on January 31 , 2003 , receiving mixed reviews from critics and grossing $ 101 million worldwide ." }, { "docid": "Bernard_Thomas_Moynahan_Jr.", "title": "", "text": "Bernard Thomas Moynahan Jr. ( December 29 , 1918 -- September 30 , 1999 ) was a United States federal judge . Born in Akron , Ohio , Moynahan received an A.B. from the University of Kentucky in 1935 and an LL.B . from the University of Kentucky College of Law in 1938 . He was in private practice in Lexington , Kentucky from 1938 to 1939 , and in Nicholasville , Kentucky from 1940 to 1942 . He served in the United States Army as an Air Corps First Lieutenant during World War II , from 1942 to 1945 . He was a County attorney of Jessamine County , Kentucky from 1946 to 1954 , returning to private practice in Nicholasville , Kentucky from 1954 to 1961 . He was the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Kentucky from 1961 to 1963 . On September 16 , 1963 , Moynahan was nominated by President John F. Kennedy to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky vacated by Hiram Church Ford . Moynahan was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 4 , 1963 , and received his commission on November 8 , 1963 . He served as chief judge from 1969 to 1984 , assuming senior status on September 30 , 1984 . Moynahan served in that capacity until his death , in 1999 , in Lexington , Kentucky ." }, { "docid": "Drunk_Parents", "title": "", "text": "Drunk Parents is an upcoming American comedy film directed by Fred Wolf and written by Peter Gaulke and Fred Wolf . The film stars Alec Baldwin , Salma Hayek , Bridget Moynahan , Joe Manganiello , Natalia Cigliuti , Jim Gaffigan and Ben Platt ." }, { "docid": "Gray_Matters", "title": "", "text": "Gray Matters is a 2006 romantic comedy film directed by Sue Kramer , starring Heather Graham , Tom Cavanagh and Bridget Moynahan . It premiered on October 21 , 2006 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and had a United States limited theatrical release on February 23 , 2007 ." }, { "docid": "Small_Time_(2014_film)", "title": "", "text": "Small Time is a 2014 American comedy film written and directed by Joel Surnow . The film stars Christopher Meloni , Devon Bostick , Dean Norris , Bridget Moynahan , Xander Berkeley and Ashley Jensen . The film was released on April 18 , 2014 , by Anchor Bay Entertainment ." }, { "docid": "Donnie_Wahlberg", "title": "", "text": "Donald Edmond `` Donnie '' Wahlberg Jr. . ( born August 17 , 1969 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record producer , and film producer . He is a founding member of the boy band New Kids on the Block . Outside of music , he has had roles in the Saw films , The Sixth Sense , Dreamcatcher , and Righteous Kill , also appearing in the World War II miniseries Band of Brothers as First Lieutenant Carwood Lipton . From 2002 to 2003 , he starred in the crime drama Boomtown . He has been starring in the drama series Blue Bloods as Danny Reagan with Tom Selleck ( his TV father ) and Bridget Moynahan ( his TV sister ) since 2010 , and since 2014 is an executive producer of the TNT reality television show Boston 's Finest . He was nominated for Choice Scream at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards for his work in the Saw films . He has also produced and starred in `` Rock this Boat '' , `` Donnie Loves Jenny '' and `` Return of the Mac '' on Pop TV ." }, { "docid": "Leonard_Goldberg", "title": "", "text": "Leonard J. Goldberg ( born January 24 , 1934 , in New York City ) is an American film producer and television producer . He has his own production company , Mandy Films . He served as head of programming for ABC , and was president of 20th Century Fox . Goldberg is currently executive producer of the CBS series Blue Bloods , starring Tom Selleck , Donnie Wahlberg , and Bridget Moynahan and Will Estes ." }, { "docid": "Monique_Ganderton", "title": "", "text": "Monique Ganderton ( born August 6 , 1980 ) is a Canadian stunt woman and actress who works in television and film . Ganderton was born in Edmonton , Alberta . She started out in modeling before moving to stunt work . She has doubled Tricia Helfer , Rachel Nichols , Leelee Sobieski , Bridget Moynahan , Daryl Hannah , Rebecca Romijn , Famke Janssen and Kristanna Loken . In 2009 , she was cast as Alia , a recurring role in Season 9 of Smallville ." }, { "docid": "Noise_(2007_American_film)", "title": "", "text": "Noise is a comedy drama film written and directed by Henry Bean . It stars Tim Robbins and Bridget Moynahan . Robbins plays a successful lawyer in Manhattan named David Owen who is bothered by all the noise in the city , and who resorts to vandalism to put a stop to it , adopting the identity of `` The Rectifier '' . His acts of vandalism provoke the mayor of the city , played by William Hurt . The film premiered October 22 , 2007 at the Rome Film Festival . It was later shown at the AFI Film Festival on November 6 , 2007 . It opened in limited release in the United States on May 9 , 2008 ." }, { "docid": "Unknown_(2006_film)", "title": "", "text": "Unknown is a 2006 American mystery thriller film directed by Colombian filmmaker Simon Brand and starring Jim Caviezel , Greg Kinnear , Bridget Moynahan , Joe Pantoliano and Barry Pepper about a group of men kidnapped and locked in a factory with no memory of how they arrived there . Piecing together information around them , they realize that some were kidnapped and some were the kidnappers . They decide they must work together to figure out how to get away before the gang that captured them returns . The film was previewed before a theater audience for the first time in New York City on December 13 , 2005 ." }, { "docid": "Kelly_Craig", "title": "", "text": "Kelly Craig ( born October 1984 ) is a Canadian model and actress from Montreal . She is best known for her work in modeling . She was featured in the April 2006 edition of ELLE Canada and ELLE Québec . Her first film role was as a stunt double for fellow model and actress Bridget Moynahan , in the 2000 film Coyote Ugly . Her first character role however , was in the 2007 film adaptation of Frank Miller 's graphic novel 300 . In 300 , she played the role of the Oracle , a young Spartan girl who was chosen for her beauty and is guarded by the old Ephors , being frequently molested by them . Her words , spoken in a trance , are interpreted by the corrupt priests as a message that the gods do not want King Leonidas to break the Carneia and attack the Persians . Although she appears only briefly in the film , a still from the film of her in a state of trance is featured as the sole image on one of the film posters ." }, { "docid": "Ramona_and_Beezus", "title": "", "text": "Ramona and Beezus is a 2010 American family adventure comedy film adaptation based on the Ramona series of novels written by Beverly Cleary . It was directed by Elizabeth Allen , co-produced by Dune Entertainment , Di Novi Pictures , and Walden Media , written by Laurie Craig and Nick Pustay , and produced by Denise Di Novi and Alison Greenspan with music by Mark Mothersbaugh . The film stars Joey King , Selena Gomez , Hutch Dano , Ginnifer Goodwin , John Corbett , Bridget Moynahan , Josh Duhamel , Jason Spevack , Sandra Oh , Sierra McCormick , Patti Allan , Lynda Boyd , and Aila and Zanti McCubbing . Though the film 's title is derived from Beezus and Ramona , the first of Cleary 's Ramona books , the plot is mostly based on the sequels Ramona Forever and Ramona 's World . Fox 2000 Pictures released the film on July 23 , 2010 . Ramona and Beezus earned generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 27,293,743 ." }, { "docid": "I,_Robot_(film)", "title": "", "text": "I , Robot ( stylized as i , ) is a 2004 American neo-noir dystopian science fiction action film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay by Jeff Vintar and Akiva Goldsman is from a screen story by Vintar , suggested by Isaac Asimov 's short-story collection of the same name . The film stars Will Smith , Bridget Moynahan , Bruce Greenwood , James Cromwell , Chi McBride , Alan Tudyk and Shia LaBeouf . I , Robot was released in North America on July 16 , 2004 , in Australia on July 22 , 2004 , in the United Kingdom on August 6 , 2004 and in other countries between July 2004 to October 2004 . Produced with a budget of USD $ 120 million , the film grossed $ 144 million domestically and $ 202 million in foreign markets for a worldwide total of $ 346 million . It received mixed to favorable reviews , with critics praising the writing , visual effects , and acting ; but other critics were mixed with the focus on the plot . It was nominated for the 2004 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects ." }, { "docid": "Battle:_Los_Angeles", "title": "", "text": "Battle : Los Angeles ( also known as Battle : LA and internationally as World Invasion : Battle Los Angeles ) is a 2011 American military science fiction war film directed by Jonathan Liebesman . The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Chris Bertolini , based in part on a wartime incident dubbed the `` Battle of Los Angeles '' . The film is set in modern-day Los Angeles and follows a retiring Marine Staff Sergeant played by Aaron Eckhart who must go back into the line of duty to lead a platoon of U.S. Marines , a U.S. Navy corpsman , isolated U.S. Army soldiers and a U.S. Air Force sergeant during a global alien invasion . The ensemble cast also features Michelle Rodriguez , Ramon Rodriguez , Bridget Moynahan , Ne-Yo , and Michael Peña . The film was a co-production between the motion picture studios of Columbia Pictures , Relativity Media , and Original Film . Theatrically , it was commercially distributed by Columbia , while the Sony Pictures Home Entertainment division released the film in the video rental market . Battle : Los Angeles explores alien invasion , counter-terrorism , and military warfare . Following its wide release in theaters , the film won the BMI TV Music Award for composer Brian Tyler . The film score was orchestrated by Tyler in conjunction with the Hollywood Studio Symphony . The soundtrack was released by the Varèse Sarabande music label on March 8 , 2011 . Principal photography began during the second week of September in 2009 . Battle : Los Angeles was releases in the United States on March 11 , 2011 and grossed $ 211.8 million worldwide , but received generally negative reviews . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 14 , 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Edward_Bermingham,_13th_Baron_Athenry", "title": "", "text": "Edward de Bermingham , Anglo-Irish lord of Athenry and Dunmore , County Galway , died 1709 , was the son of Francis de Bermingham , 12th Baron Athenry and Bridget , daughter of Sir Lucas Dillon . He succeeded as 13th Baron Athenry in 1677 . During the Williamite War in Ireland he was a supporter of James II of England . He served under Richard Burke , 8th Earl of Clanricarde as an infantry captain . After the failure of James ' cause he was outlawed and attainted , but the attainder was reversed in 1698 . In later years he conformed to the Church of Ireland . He married firstly Lady Mary Bourke , daughter of Richard Burke , 6th Earl of Clanricarde and secondly Bridget , daughter of John Browne . He had three daughters and one son , Francis , who succeeded as 14th Baron Athenry ." }, { "docid": "Brando_Quilici", "title": "", "text": "Brando Quilici is an independent Italian filmmaker whose career spans over two decades , during which he has worked on many specials for American networks including the National Geographic Channel , Discovery Channel , PBS -LSB- NOVA -RSB- and European networks including Channel 4 , ZDF , France 5 , Rai . He has won many awards , including prizes at the Jackson Hole Film Festival and Trento Film Festival . In 2013 Brando , with Academy Award winning producer Jake Ebert , produced The Journey Home a family action-adventure feature film set among the ice fields of the Canadian Arctic . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode ( Tomorrow Never Dies ) and Brando Quilici , the film stars Dakota Goyo ( Real Steel ) , Goran Visnjic ( `` ER '' ) and Bridget Moynahan ( Blue Bloods ) . written by the Academy Award winner Hugh Hudson . The film is now available on all major US Digital Accounts and DVD , and distributed theatrically in over 35 countries ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Blue_Bloods_episodes", "title": "", "text": "Blue Bloods is an American police procedural television series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess . It premiered on September 24 , 2010 on CBS . The series centers on the Reagans , a family of police officers in New York City . Frank Reagan ( Tom Selleck ) is the police commissioner with three grown children working in law enforcement : the oldest , Danny ( Donnie Wahlberg ) , a pragmatic detective ; Erin ( Bridget Moynahan ) , an assistant district attorney who prosecutes many of the offenders Danny apprehends ; and Jamie ( Will Estes ) , a Harvard Law School graduate and a patrol cop in the NYPD . Frank 's second son , Joseph , an NYPD detective , was killed in the line of duty while investigating a group of dirty cops nicknamed `` The Blue Templar '' . On March 25 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a seventh season , premiered on September 23 , 2016 . , 155 episodes of Blue Bloods have aired , concluding the seventh season . On March 23 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for an eighth season ." }, { "docid": "Bridget_Diver", "title": "", "text": "Bridget Divers or Michigan Bridget is a name often applied to a woman whose last name has been spelled in several ways by a series of authors who have written about her . This literature began during the Civil War , and continues to appear today . Variations of her surname include Diver , Divers , Deaver , Deavers , Devens , and Devan . Unfortunately , none of the accounts of her combat activities come from a verifiable eye-witness . Much of the literature from the middle of the 19th century is written in an idealized and highly stylized form , conforming to the standards of propriety in that era . Nonetheless , careful analysis of surviving records show Michigan Bridget to have been a real person , after removing the almost mythological language frequently used to describe her exploits ." }, { "docid": "Mike_Moynahan", "title": "", "text": "Michael Moynahan ( 1856 -- April 9 , 1899 ) , was an American professional baseball player from 1879 to 1886 . He appeared in 169 games across four seasons in Major League Baseball , principally as a shortstop , for the Buffalo Bisons ( 1880 ) , Detroit Wolverines ( 1881 ) , Cleveland Blues ( 1881 , 1884 ) , and Philadelphia Athletics ( 1883-1884 ) . He was the starting shortstop , and with a .310 batting average the leading hitter , for the 1883 Athletics team that won the American Association pennant with a 66-32 record ." }, { "docid": "John_Manners,_3rd_Duke_of_Rutland", "title": "", "text": "John Manners , 3rd Duke of Rutland KG PC ( 21 October 1696 -- 29 May 1779 ) was an English nobleman , the eldest son of John Manners , 2nd Duke of Rutland and Catherine Russell . Styled Marquess of Granby from 1711 , he succeeded to the title in 1721 , cutting short a brief career in the House of Commons , where he had represented Rutland as a Whig . He held a variety of government and court positions including Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire 1721 -- 1779 , Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1727 -- 1736 , Lord Steward of the Household 1755 -- 1761 , and Master of the Horse 1761 -- 1766 . John Manners , the 3rd Duke , was a collector of art . He started buying in 1742 and for two decades bought paintings , drawings and prints at the London art auctions . Agents bought for him at other auctions and he bought privately too , through dealers . On the death of his father , John , the 2nd Duke of Rutland , in 1721 , the 3rd Duke had inherited the family collection of paintings acquired by his forebears including Old Masters and an uninterrupted run of ancestral portraits . He liked small pictures and was reported to have said that `` A man did not deserve a good picture that would not carry it home himself '' . As a result , he spent less on his collection than other collectors who preferred bigger , more expensive paintings . For example , he did not buy on a par with his grandson , Charles , the 4th Duke of Rutland , friend and patron of Sir Joshua Reynolds . Nevertheless , he was a serious collector whose eye and temperament led him to buy smaller works of all the major European painters including Raphael , Titian , Bassano , Veronese , Guido Reni , and the Italianate northerners , especially Claude and the two Poussins . He is known to have spent some # 3,210 for paintings but this figure must be taken as approximate and open to revision if new records come to light . By way of comparison , the building of his London townhouse in the same period , cost some # 4,432 . For an unknown reason , the Duke sold 200 paintings in 1758-1759 . In 1717 he married Bridget Sutton , the 17-year-old heiress of Robert Sutton , 2nd Baron Lexinton . They had eleven children , most of whom died young : Lady Catherine Rachel Manners ( b. 1718 ) , died young Lady Caroline Manners ( b. spring 1719 ) , died young Lady Frances and Lady Bridget Manners ( d. 30 December 1719 ) , twins John Manners , Marquess of Granby ( 1721 -- 1770 ) Lord Robert Manners-Sutton ( 1722 -- 1762 ) Lord George Manners-Sutton ( 1723 -- 1783 ) Lord William Manners ( 29 July 1724 -- 11 March 1730 ) Lady Leonora Manners ( d. June 1740 ) Lady Frances Manners ( c. 1726 -- 3 February 1739 ) Lord Frederick Manners ( b. 17 February 1728 ) In 1722 he became a Knight of the Order of the Garter and in 1727 was sworn of the Privy Council . He supported the creation of London 's Foundling Hospital and was one of its founding governors when it received its royal charter in 1739 ." }, { "docid": "Condomman.com", "title": "", "text": "CondomMan.com is an online retailer of condoms and healthcare products headquartered in Valencia , California . Its web operations were launched in 2002 . The website distributes over 10 million condoms yearly to customers , non-profit organizations , and wholesale distributors . Since its inception in 2002 , the company has actively engaged in various safe sex awareness campaigns . In addition to its commercial site , CondomMan.com maintains an active blog of safe sex educational material and a comprehensive compilation of research done on HIV and AIDS prevention and awareness . In February 2007 , the company gained a significant amount of press when it sent 2000 condoms to NFL quarterback Tom Brady , a week after he had announced that he had impregnated his ex-girlfriend , actress Bridget Moynahan . Tom Brady was dating model Gisele Bündchen at the time . CondomMan.com is wholly owned by Green Web , Inc. , a private corporation which distributes health and beauty products to retailers worldwide . Green Web , Inc. is headquartered at 28526 Constellation Road ; Valencia , CA 91355 ; (661) 295-1245 . Its customer service centers are also located in Valencia , California ." }, { "docid": "Brian_Moynahan", "title": "", "text": "Brian Moynahan is an English journalist , historian and biographer . He was born in 1941 , the son of the dermatologist Edmund Moynahan of Guy 's and Great Ormond Street Hospitals . He was educated at Sherborne School and University of Cambridge , where he was a Foundation Scholar of Corpus Christi College and editor of the student magazines Cambridge Opinion and Broadsheet . He graduated in 1962 with a double First in history . He was a lead writer with The Yorkshire Post before covering wars in Vietnam , Laos and Borneo , the violencia in Colombia and the American intervention in the Dominican Republic , for Town Magazine , and The Times . He also wrote on industry and business in the Far East . He was editor of Town before joining the staff of The Sunday Times in 1968 . As a foreign correspondent , he covered the Arab-Israeli , Ethiopian and Lebanese conflicts , as well as events in Europe and Russia . He was latterly The Sunday Times Europe editor based in Paris , before concentrating on writing books . These include the award-winning history , The Russian Century , The Faith , a history of Christianity , If God Save my Life , a biography of William Tyndale , `` a triumph , authoritative , vital , passionate , closely attentive to the sources '' and the best-selling Airport International and Jungle Soldier . Leningrad Siege and Symphony , an account of Shostakovich 's Seventh Symphony , was a Spectator Book of The Year , `` Tolstoyan ... by far the fullest and most compelling I have read '' . Works : Airport International 1978 Fool 's Paradise 1983 Claws of the Bear , a history of the Soviet Armed Forces 1989 Comrades 1917 , Russia in Revolution 1992 The Russian Century 1994 Rasputin , the Saint who Sinned 1998 The British Century 1999 The Faith , a history of Christianity 2003 If God Spare My Life 2003 The French Century 2007 Forgotten Soldiers 2008 Jungle Soldier 2010 Leningrad Siege and Symphony , Shostakovich 's Seventh Symphony 2014" }, { "docid": "Lord_Robert_Manners-Sutton", "title": "", "text": "Lord Robert Manners , later Manners-Sutton ( 21 February 1722 -- 19 November 1762 ) was the second son of John Manners , 3rd Duke of Rutland by his wife the Hon. Bridget Sutton , and younger brother of the famous soldier Lord Granby , under whom he served as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 21st Light Dragoons . He was appointed Colonel of the 36th Foot in 1751 . A courtier , he was appointed Master of the Staghounds on 26 April 1744 , and also served as Master of the Harriers from 11 April 1754 until 13 January 1756 . From 6 July 1747 until his death he was one of the Members of Parliament for Nottinghamshire . He adopted the additional surname of Sutton on succeeding to the estates of his maternal grandfather the 2nd Lord Lexinton in 1734 . He died without having married , and so the estates passed to his next brother Lord George Manners , who also adopted the name Manners-Sutton ." }, { "docid": "Battle_of_Brihuega", "title": "", "text": "The Battle of Brihuega took place on 8 December 1710 in the War of the Spanish Succession , during the allied retreat from Madrid to Barcelona . The British rearguard under Lord Stanhope was cut off within the town of Brihuega and overwhelmed by a Franco-Spanish army under the duc de Vendôme . Brihuega with other events brought an end to the British participation in the war ." }, { "docid": "John_Wick", "title": "", "text": "John Wick is a 2014 American neo-noir action thriller film directed by Chad Stahelski and David Leitch and starring Keanu Reeves , Michael Nyqvist , Alfie Allen , Adrianne Palicki , Bridget Moynahan , Dean Winters , Ian McShane , John Leguizamo and Willem Dafoe . The film stars Reeves as John Wick , a retired hitman seeking vengeance for the theft of his vintage car and the killing of his puppy , a gift from his recently deceased wife . Stahelski and Leitch directed the film together , though Leitch was uncredited . The film was written by Derek Kolstad , who completed the screenplay in 2012 and further developed it for Thunder Road Pictures . The film was produced by Basil Iwanyk of Thunder Road Pictures , Leitch , Eva Longoria , and Michael Witherill . It marks Stahelski and Leitch 's directorial debut as a team after multiple separate credits as second unit directors and stunt coordinators . They previously worked with Reeves as stunt doubles on The Matrix trilogy . Stahelski and Leitch 's approach to action scenes drew upon their admiration for anime and martial arts films , and the film 's use of fight choreographers and gun fu techniques from Hong Kong action cinema was additionally influential in the development of the film . The film also pays homage to works such as John Woo 's The Killer , Jean-Pierre Melville 's Le Cercle Rouge and Le Samouraï , John Boorman 's Point Blank , and the spaghetti western subgenre of Western films . On its release , the film received positive reviews from critics , who praised the performances , visuals and action sequences , and grossed $ 88 million worldwide . A sequel , John Wick : Chapter 2 , was released in February 2017 ." }, { "docid": "Blue_Bloods_(season_1)", "title": "", "text": "The first season of the Blue Bloods , an American police procedural-family drama television series , aired in the United States on CBS between September 24 , 2010 to May 13 , 2011 . The series was created and , along with Leonard Goldberg and Michael Cuesta , executively produced by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess . The show revolves around the Reagan family , consisting of police officers and a district attorney all working with the New York City Police Department ( NYPD ) . Actors Donnie Wahlberg , Bridget Moynahan , Will Estes , Len Cariou and Tom Selleck round out the main cast as the Reagan family - Danny , Erin , Jamie , Henry and Frank . Blue Bloods ' first season aired during the 2010 -- 11 television season on Fridays at 10:00 p.m. EST. . The series debuted with pilot episode , which was viewed by 13.01 million viewers . The season ended with the finale `` The Blue Templar '' , which was watched by 11.79 million viewers . The season averaged 12.58 million viewers per 22 episodes . Internationally , the first season was very successful in Canada , United Kingdom and New Zealand , ranking among the top 30 most watched programs on the respective channels . The first season also garnered positive reviews from television critics , praising the performances of lead actors Donnie Wahlberg and Tom Selleck and the family dynamic among the Reagans . The entire season was released on DVD in Region 1 on September 13 , 2011 , Region 2 on September 19 , 2011 and Region 4 on September 15 , 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Bridget_Monckton,_11th_Lady_Ruthven_of_Freeland", "title": "", "text": "Bridget Helen `` Biddy '' Monckton , 11th Lady Ruthven of Freeland CBE ( 27 July 1896 -- 17 April 1982 ) , also known as The Countess of Carlisle between 1918 and 1947 , as Lady Monckton between 1947 and 1957 , as The Viscountess Monckton of Brenchley between 1957 and 1965 and as The Dowager Viscountess Monckton of Brenchley between 1965 and 1982 , was a British peer and Conservative member of the House of Lords , but is probably best remembered as the wartime commander of women 's services in India ." }, { "docid": "Bridget_Shea_Three-Decker", "title": "", "text": "The Bridget Shea Three-Decker is a historic triple decker house at 21 Jefferson Street in Worcester , Massachusetts . Built c. 1888 , the house was described as a well-preserved Queen Anne structure when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 . Many of its period details , including corner braces and cut shingle sheathing , have been lost or obscured by subsequent siding work ( see photo ) . The early owners and tenants of the house were mainly Irish immigrants , who moved to this part of Worcester in large numbers in the late 19th century ." } ]
94303	There is a mosque in the Taj Mahal.	[ { "docid": "Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal ( -LSB- ˌtɑːdʒ_məˈhɑːl -RSB- , more often -LSB- ˈtɑːʒ -RSB- meaning Crown of the Palace ) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra . It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor , Shah Jahan ( reigned 1628 -- 1658 ) , to house the tomb of his favourite wife , Mumtaz Mahal . The tomb is the centrepiece of a 42 acre complex , which includes a mosque and a guest house , and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall . Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years . The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees , which in 2015 would be approximately 52.8 billion rupees ( US$ 827 million ) . The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor , Ustad Ahmad Lahauri . The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being `` the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world 's heritage '' . Described by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore as `` the tear-drop on the cheek of time '' , it is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India 's rich history . The Taj Mahal attracts 7 -- 8 million visitors a year . In 2007 , it was declared a winner of the New7Wonders of the World ( 2000 -- 2007 ) initiative ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Bibi_Ka_Maqbara", "title": "", "text": "The Bibi Ka Maqbara ( English : `` Tomb of the Lady '' ) is a tomb located in Aurangabad , Maharashtra , India . It was commissioned by the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1660 , in the memory of his first wife and chief consort , Dilras Banu Begum ( posthumously known as Rabia-ud-Daurani ) . It bears a striking resemblance to the famous Taj Mahal , the mausoleum of Aurangzeb 's mother , Mumtaz Mahal . It is notable that Aurangzeb never raised monumental edifices during his half-a-century reign , but made just one exception , that is , to build the mausoleum of his wife . He was not very interested in architecture , though he had built the small , but elegant , Pearl Mosque at Delhi . The Bibi Ka Maqbara was the largest structure that Aurangzeb had to his credit . The comparison to the Taj Mahal has often obscured its very own considerable charm . Due to the strong resemblance , it is also called the Dakkhani Taj ( Taj of the Deccan ) . The Bibi Ka Maqbara is the principal monument of Aurangabad and its historic city . An inscription found on the main entrance door mentions that this mausoleum was designed and erected by Ata-ullah , an architect and Hanspat Rai , an engineer respectively . Ata-ullah was the son of Ustad Ahmad Lahauri , the principal designer of the Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_Hotel", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal Hotel may refer to : Taj Mahal Palace & Tower in Mumbai Taj Mahal Hotel ( Delhi )" }, { "docid": "Moti_Masjid_(Agra_Fort)", "title": "", "text": "The Moti Masjid ( -LSB- , translation : Pearl Mosque ) in Agra was built by Shah Jahan . During the rule of Shah Jahan the Mughal emperor , numerous architectural wonders were built . Most famous of them being the Taj Mahal . Moti Masjid earned the epithet Pearl Mosque for it shined like a pearl . It is held that this mosque was constructed by Shah Jahan for his members of royal court ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal is the debut American blues album by Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "The_Best_of_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The Best of Taj Mahal is an album by American blues artist Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "The_Essential_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The Essential Taj Mahal is a `` best of '' album by American blues artist Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "The_Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel ( Marathi/Hindi : ताजमहल होटल ) is a `` Heritage Grand '' class five-star hotel located in the Colaba region of Mumbai , Maharashtra , India , next to the Gateway of India . Historically it was known as the `` Taj Mahal Hotel '' or the `` Taj Palace Hotel '' . or simply `` the Taj '' . Part of the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces , this hotel is considered the flagship property of the group and contains 560 rooms and 44 suites . There are some 1,500 staff including 35 butlers . From a historical and architectural point of view , the two buildings that make up the hotel , the Taj Mahal Palace , and the Tower are two distinct buildings , built at different times and in different architectural designs . The hotel has hosted many notable guests , from presidents to captains of industry and stars of show business ." }, { "docid": "The_Best_of_Taj_Mahal,_Volume_1", "title": "", "text": "The Best of Taj Mahal , Volume 1 is a blues compilation album by American Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "Blues_with_a_Feeling:_The_Very_Best_of_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "Blues with a Feeling : The Very Best of Taj Mahal is an album by American blues artist Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "Martin_Scorsese_Presents_the_Blues_–_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues -- Taj Mahal is an album by American blues artist Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum in Agra , India , built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan . Taj Mahal may also refer to :" }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_(1963_film)", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal is a 1963 film based on the historical legend of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan . As per the legend Shah Jahan created the Taj Mahal in fond remembrance and as a tomb for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal . It was a commercial hit , but is remembered most for its music ." }, { "docid": "Black_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The Black Taj Mahal ( काला ताज महल , from Persian / -LSB- `` Black Taj '' , `` Kaala Taj '' , also `` the 2nd Taj '' ) is a legendary black marble mausoleum that is said to have been planned to be built across the Yamuna River opposite the Taj Mahal in Agra , Uttar Pradesh , India . Mughal emperor Shah Jahan is widely believed to have desired a mausoleum for himself similar to that of the one he had built in memory of his third wife , Mumtaz Mahal . A European traveler by the name of Jean Baptiste Tavernier who visited Agra in 1665 first mentioned the idea of Black Taj in his fanciful writings . The writings of Tavernier mention that Shah Jahan began to build his own tomb on the other side of the river but could not complete it as he was deposed by his own son Aurangzeb . However , many modern archeologists believe this story to be myth ." }, { "docid": "Origins_and_architecture_of_the_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "The ` Taj Mahal ' represents the finest and most sophisticated example of Mughal architecture . Its origins lie in the moving circumstances of its commission and the culture and history of an Islamic Mughal empire 's rule of large parts of India . The distraught Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the mausoleum upon the death of his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal . Today it is one of the most famous and recognizable buildings in the world and while the large , domed marble mausoleum is the most familiar part of the monument , the Taj Mahal is an extensive complex of buildings and gardens that extends over 22.44 haThe UNESCO evaluation omits the Bazaar , Caravenserai ( Taj Ganji ) and Moonlight garden ( Mahtab Bagh ) from its area calculations -- the total area with the historic Taj Ganji is 26.95 ha and includes subsidiary tombs , waterworks infrastructure , the small town of ` Taj Ganji ' to the south and a ` moonlight garden ' to the north of the river . Construction of Taj Mahal began in 1632 AD , ( 1041 AH ) , on the south bank of the River Yamuna in Agra , and was substantially complete by 1648 AD ( 1058 AH ) . The design was conceived as both an earthly replica of the house of Mumtaz in paradise and an instrument of propaganda for the emperor ." }, { "docid": "Taj_corridor_case", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Heritage Corridor case is an alleged scam wherein 2002 -- 2003 , the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mayawati and a minister in her government , Nasimuddin Siddiqui , were charged with corruption . The Taj Corridor project was intended to upgrade tourist facilities near the Taj Mahal and was to be implemented during her tenure as Chief Minister . The then BJP government at the Centre gave the Environmental Clearance required for the project near Taj Mahal . However , later on the BJP backed out and then started saying that the project was not cleared by the Environment Ministry and blamed Mayawati for starting construction work near the Taj Mahal ." }, { "docid": "R._Chandru", "title": "", "text": "R. Chandru is a Kannada film writer and director . He debuted with the successful 2008 film Taj Mahal . The huge success of Taj Mahal film , he popularly came to be known as Taj Mahal Chandru in the media ." }, { "docid": "The_Real_Thing_(Taj_Mahal_album)", "title": "", "text": "The Real Thing is a double live album by Taj Mahal , released in 1971 . It was recorded on February 13 , 1971 at the Fillmore East in New York City and features Taj Mahal backed by a band that includes four tuba players ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_(2015_film)", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal is a 2015 French-Belgian thriller-drama film written and directed by . It was screened in the Horizons section at the 72nd edition of the Venice Film Festival . The story of the film makes explicit reference to the 2008 Mumbai attacks which have concerned The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel ." }, { "docid": "Hidden_Treasures_of_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "Hidden Treasures of Taj Mahal is a compilation album by American blues artist Taj Mahal . First disc contains previously unreleased studio tracks recorded between 1969-1973 . Second disc contains full live concert from 18 April 1970 at Royal Albert Hall in London , England ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_Travellers", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal Travellers ( also given variously as Taj Mahal Travelers , Taj-Mahal Travellers , etc. ) were a Japanese experimental music ensemble founded in 1969 by former Group Ongaku leader and Fluxus member Takehisa Kosugi . The rest of the group were several years younger than Kosugi , and were all inspired by the spirit of the day . They chose mainly to perform their music outdoors , often on beaches and hilltops , creating spontaneously improvised drones ( compare with Dronology ) , often using standard musical instruments , albeit in unconventional ways ( e.g. , a bowed double bass placed flat on its back ) . The group 's sound was heavily reliant on electronic processing , particularly delay effects ." }, { "docid": "Maestro_(Taj_Mahal_album)", "title": "", "text": "Maestro is an album by American blues artist Taj Mahal . It was nominated for Best Contemporary Blues Album at the 2009 Grammy Awards ( but lost out to Dr. John and the Lower 911 's City That Care Forgot ) . The release of Maestro marked the 40th anniversary of Taj Mahal 's career as a recording artist . It features numerous guest artists : Los Lobos appear on Never Let You Go and TV Mama , Jack Johnson shares vocals on a re-recording of Taj 's classic Further On Down the Road , and Ben Harper 's vocals can be heard on Dust Me Down . Other guest appearances include Angélique Kidjo ( on Zanzibar ) and Ziggy Marley ( on Black Man , Brown Man ) . Furthermore , Taj Mahal teams up again with the Phantom Blues Band ( with whom he had recorded the Grammy nominated albums Señor Blues and Shoutin ' in Key ) , Toumani Diabaté ( with whom he had recorded the album Kulanjan ) and his daughter Deva Mahal ( with whom he had recorded several children 's albums in the past ) ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_(palace)", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal is a palace built by Sultan Shah Jahan , Begum of Bhopal . It is located beside the Taj-ul-Masajid in Bhopal , India ." }, { "docid": "Trump_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "Trump Taj Mahal is a closed casino and hotel on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City , New Jersey , United States , owned by Trump Entertainment Resorts , a subsidiary of Icahn Enterprises . Hard Rock International and other investors announced plans in March 2017 to purchase the property and convert it into the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City . The casino was inaugurated by its then-owner Donald Trump in 1990 , and was built at a total cost of nearly one billion dollars . Restaurants at the Taj included Dynasty , Il Mulino New York , Moon at Dynasty , Robert 's Steakhouse , and Hard Rock Cafe . It was also the home of Scores , the country 's first in-casino strip club . The Taj Mahal came to the brink of closure in 2014 as its parent company went through bankruptcy , but ultimately remained open under the new ownership of Icahn Enterprises . On August 3 , 2016 , it was announced that the Trump Taj Mahal would close after Labor Day . It was closed on October 10 , 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Kester_Smith", "title": "", "text": "Kester `` Smitty '' Smith is an American percussionist . He is the drummer for the Taj Mahal Trio and has collaborated with jazz , blues and world musicians . He has performed with and alongside Taj Mahal for over forty years . He has recorded music with Taj Mahal , Geoff Muldaur , Peter Rowan , Cedella Booker , Morgan Freeman , Ellen McIlwaine , Mary Coughlan and Pinetop Perkins ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_replicas_and_derivatives", "title": "", "text": "The Taj Mahal , an iconic structure in India , has inspired numerous replicas and derivatives . `` The Taj '' , informally , is now a major tourist attraction in Agra , Uttar Pradesh , and has been regarded as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World . Since 1632 , when Mughal emperor Shah Jahan began building the Taj to house the tomb of his favorite wife , Mumtaz Mahal , it has inspired many notable replicas , and major derivative structures include a 1678-started project of the emperor 's grandson . Some are intended to be scale models or otherwise to be more or less faithful copies , and others are designed with mild or extreme interpretations of the Taj 's architecture adapted to serve other purposes . These include :" }, { "docid": "Shah_Jahan_period_architecture", "title": "", "text": "Shah Jahan period architecture is an Indian building style that flourished during the time of Shah Jahan , the Mughal emperor . The Taj Mahal , in Agra India is a prime example of this type of architecture . The architecture was characterized by symmetry and balance between the parts of the building , with white marble being a top choice of building material . Another example of Shah Jahan period architecture is found in Delhi , India , at the palace-fortress begun in 1638 . The `` Hall of Public Audience '' and the `` Hall of Private Audience '' , which housed the Peacock Throne , are two more examples of architecture from this period.He wanted to build a black Taj mahal opposite to the white taj mahal and make a bridge by which we could pass from one taj mahal to the other above the yamuna river but unfortunately it was never accoplished due to the gelchod salim kara issues that were uprising at the time ." }, { "docid": "Taj_Mahal_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "Taj Mahal Bangladesh is a scaled copy of the original Taj Mahal ( a Mughal mausoleum located in Agra , India ) located 10 miles east of the Bangladeshi capital , Dhaka in Sonargaon . Unlike the original , work on the building took only five years . Ahsanullah Moni , a wealthy Bangladeshi film-maker , announced his ` Copycat version of Taj Mahal ' project in December 2008 . The project cost about USD$ 56 Million , and was built 20 miles northeast of Capital Dhaka . Moni has explained that he built a replica of the Taj Mahal so that the poor of his nation can realise their dream of seeing neighbouring India 's famed monument . This caused complaints from Indian officials , `` You ca n't just go and copy historical monuments '' an official of Indian High Commission in Dhaka told press . Construction began in 2003 , but Mr Moni says that he came up with the idea in 1980 when he first visited the real Taj in Agra , India . He said that his homage had been built because most people living in Bangladesh - where nearly half of the population exist below the poverty line - can not afford to travel to India to see the real thing . `` Everyone dreams about seeing the Taj Mahal but very few Bangladeshis can make the trip because it 's too expensive for them , '' he said . Mr Moni first visited the original in 1980 and has made six return trips . So enamoured was he of the site that he hired a group of architects and sent them to India to measure it . He said : `` I used the same marble and stone as in the original Taj . We used machinery , which is why it took less time . Otherwise it would have taken 20 years and 22,000 workers to complete it . '' Last night Mr Mittal , at the Indian High Commission , did concede that the replica was unlikely to detract from the magnificence of the original . He also admitted that visitors were unlikely to mix up one with the other . `` A copy is a form of flattery , I suppose , '' he said ." }, { "docid": "Taj-ul-Masajid", "title": "", "text": "Taj-ul-Masajid is a mosque situated in Bhopal , India . The name is also spelt as Taj-ul-Masjid . However the correct name is Taj-ul-Masajid and not Taj-ul-Masjid . `` Masajid '' means `` mosques '' ( Plural of `` masjid '' ) and `` Taj-ul-Masajid '' literally means `` Crown Among Mosques '' . It is one of the largest mosques in Asia ." }, { "docid": "Mathura_Refinery", "title": "", "text": "The Mathura Refinery , owned by Indian Oil Corporation , is located in Mathura , Uttar Pradesh . The refinery processes low sulphur crude from Bombay High , imported low sulphur crude from Nigeria , and high sulphur crude from the Middle East . The refinery , which cost Rs .253.92 crores to build , was commissioned in January , 1982 . Construction began on the refinery in October 1972 . The foundation stone was laid by Indira Gandhi , the former prime minister of India . The FCCU and Sulphur Recovery Units were commissioned in January , 1983 . The refining capacity of this refinery was expanded to 7.5 MMTPA in 1989 by debottlenecking and revamping . A DHDS Unit was commissioned in 1989 for production of HSD with low sulphur content of 0.25 % wt . ( max . ) . The present refining capacity of this refinery is 8.00 MMTPA . In January 2009 , the plant shut down for a period of time due to a strike . The refinery was in the news for allegedly causing the white marble of the Taj Mahal to yellow . It is located about 50 kilometers away from the Taj Mahal . It is currently asking the Indian government to allow an expansion , raising the capacity to 11 million tonnes . The refinery also wants to create a new garbage disposal site , which has garnered new outrage from environmental activists because the site will be located even closer to the Taj Mahal and Mathura.The Mathura oil refinery releases toxic gases and disposes waste into the rivers making the area dirty and unhealthy . Even the Taj Mahal is getting affected because of this . The India government hired a panel to examine the effects of the refinery on the Taj Mahal . The panel found that the air has high levels of suspended particulate matter , caused by factory emissions , dust , construction , and exhaust from automobiles . These are causing the Taj Mahal to change color . In 1998 the plant was awarded the `` Best of all '' Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award ." }, { "docid": "Premer_Taj_Mahal", "title": "", "text": "Premer Taj Mahal also ( প্রেমের তাজ মহল meaning of Taj Mahal of Love ) is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language film . Released was January 2002 all over Bangladesh . Directed by Gazi Mahbub written by Gazi Jahangir . Produced by Mohammad Jashim Uddin and distributed by Riya Kothachitra . The film fully family drama with hard love story base . Stars Riaz , Shabnur , Wasimul Bari Rajib , Abul Hayat , Misha Sawdagar , Anowar Hossain , Rawshan Zamil , Rasheda Chowdhury , Afzal Sharif and many more ." } ]
3596	Cry Freedom wasn't shot in Kenya.	[ { "docid": "Cry_Freedom", "title": "", "text": "Cry Freedom is a 1987 British epic drama film directed by Richard Attenborough , set in late-1970s apartheid era South Africa . The screenplay was written by John Briley based on a pair of books by journalist Donald Woods . The film centres on the real-life events involving black activist Steve Biko and his friend Donald Woods , who initially finds him destructive , and attempts to understand his way of life . Denzel Washington stars as Biko , while actor Kevin Kline portrays Woods . Cry Freedom delves into the ideas of discrimination , political corruption , and the repercussions of violence . The film was primarily shot on location in Zimbabwe and in Kenya due to political turmoil in South Africa at the time of production . As a film showing mostly in limited cinematic release , it was nominated for multiple awards , including Academy Award nominations for Best Actor in a Supporting Role , Best Original Score , and Best Original Song . It also won a number of awards including those from the Berlin International Film Festival and the British Academy Film Awards . A joint collective effort to commit to the film 's production was made by Universal Pictures and Marble Arch Productions . It was commercially distributed by Universal Pictures cinematically , and by MCA Home Video for home media . Cry Freedom premiered in cinemas nationwide in the United States on 6 November 1987 grossing $ 5,899,797 in domestic ticket receipts . The film was at its widest release showing in 479 cinemas nationwide . It was generally met with positive critical reviews before its initial screening in cinemas ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya", "title": "", "text": "The coat of arms of Kenya features two lions , a symbol of protection , holding spears and a traditional East African shield . The shield and spears symbolize unity and defence of freedom . The shield contains the national colours , representing : Black for the people of Kenya Green for the agriculture and natural resources Red for the struggle for freedom White for unity and peace . Rooster holding an axe - According to the Luo and Luhya traditions , the rooster is the only domestic fowl that announces the dawn of a new day , much like the wake up call of an alarm clock . That 's why roosters are kept . At the rooster 's crow , everyone wakes up and begins work before the dawn . The rooster is also one of the few animals that seldom moves backwards . The rooster holding an axe while moving forward portrays authority , the will to work , success , and the break of a new dawn . It is also the symbol of Kenya Africa National Union ( KANU ) party that led the country to independence . The shield and lions stand on a silhouette of Mount Kenya containing in the foreground examples of Kenya agricultural produce - coffee , pyrethrum , sisal , tea , maize and pineapples . The coat of arms is supported by a scroll upon which is written the word ` Harambee ' . In Swahili , Harambee means `` pulling together '' or `` all for one '' . It is the cry of the fishermen as they draw their nets towards the shore . The same word is echoed by everyone when a collective effort is made for the common good , such as helping a family in need , or the construction of a school or a church ." }, { "docid": "Freedom_Cry", "title": "", "text": "Freedom Cry is reggae artist Sizzla 's fourth studio album , released November 11 , 1998 on VP Records as Freedom Cry in the United States and as Kalonji in Europe . It features mainly conscious reggae songs , all written by Sizzla himself ." }, { "docid": "Cry_for_Freedom", "title": "", "text": "`` Cry for Freedom '' is a song by American/Danish hard rock band White Lion . The song was released as the third single for their 1989 album Big Game , which peaked at number 19 on The Billboard 200 . `` Cry for Freedom '' featured a music video . In 2001 , Russian heavy-metal band Ария ( Aria ) covered the song for their EP Tribute to Harley-Davidson II with translated lyrics ." }, { "docid": "Rome_Wasn't_Built_in_a_Day_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Rome Was n't Built in a Day '' is a song by English group Morcheeba . It was released in July 2000 as the lead single off their third studio album Fragments of Freedom . The song is the group 's biggest hit in the United Kingdom , where it peaked at number 34 . The song reached number 2 in New Zealand ." }, { "docid": "Battle_Cry_of_Freedom_(book)", "title": "", "text": "Battle Cry of Freedom : The Civil War Era is a Pulitzer Prize-winning work on the American Civil War , published in 1988 , by James M. McPherson . It is the sixth volume of the Oxford History of the United States series . An abridged , illustrated version of the book was published in 2003 ." }, { "docid": "Kenya_Freedom_Party", "title": "", "text": "The Kenya Freedom Party was a political party in Kenya ." }, { "docid": "Kiss_&_Cry_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Kiss & Cry '' is a song recorded by Japanese recording artist Hikaru Utada for her seventh studio and fifth Japanese album , Heart Station ( 2007 ) . It was written , composed , and arranged by Utada , whilst production was handled by Utada , her father Teruzane Utada , and Akira Miyake . The single premiered on May 31 , 2007 as the third single from the album in Japan . It was re-released as a double A-side single with `` Beautiful World '' , which also appeared on the parent album on August 29 in Japan , and digitally worldwide . Musically , `` Kiss & Cry '' is an R&B song , influenced by pop and hip-hop music . Lyrically , it discusses both Utada 's upbringing and social beliefs between both Western and oriental regions . Upon its release , the track garnered generally favorable reviews from music critics . Many critics agreed that it was one of the better singles from the album , and complimented its R&B composition . Charting as an A-side single , it achieved success in Japan , peaking at number two on the Oricon Singles Chart . The single has been certified within four different categories by the Recording Industry Association of Japan ( RIAJ ) . An accompanying music video was shot by Toshitaka Shinoda ; it features animation in the style of Nissin 's Freedom Project , including major characters such as the protagonist Takeru lip-synching to the song . The song had been promoted through several Japanese commercials and television shows ." }, { "docid": "Kenya_Land_and_Freedom_Army", "title": "", "text": "The Kenya Land and Freedom Army ( KLFA ) was a guerrilla army , formed mainly by the people of central and eastern Kenya , which resisted British rule from the late 1940s to the early 1960s . The army was led by Field Marshal Dedan Kimathi ." }, { "docid": "Far_Cry_(video_game)", "title": "", "text": "Far Cry is a first-person shooter video game developed by Crytek and published by Ubisoft . The game was released for Microsoft Windows on March 23 , 2004 . It is the first installment in the Far Cry series , followed by 2008 's Far Cry 2 . Set on a mysterious tropical archipelago , Far Cry follows ex-special forces soldier Jack Carver as he searches for a journalist he was escorting after she went missing when their boat was destroyed by mercenaries . The game is played from a first-person view and allows the player to use various weapons and tools as well as take advantage of their environments . Upon release , Far Cry was critically acclaimed , with praise directed towards the game 's visuals , gameplay , and freedom . The game was also a commercial success , selling over 730,000 units within four months of release . The success of Far Cry led to several stand-alone sequels developed by Ubisoft , as well as a remake for the Xbox and Xbox 360 , Far Cry Instincts ." }, { "docid": "Freedom_(band)", "title": "", "text": "Freedom was a psychedelic rock band active in the late 1960s and early 1970s , formed initially by members of Procol Harum . Ray Royer and Bobby Harrison , who had performed on the hit Procol Harum single `` A Whiter Shade of Pale '' , were kicked out of the Harum by vocalist Gary Brooker , and replaced by Robin Trower and Barry Wilson . Royer and Harrison then formed Freedom with Steve Shirley and Tony Marsh , who was immediately replaced by pianist / organist Mike Lease , releasing two German singles and the soundtrack for the Tinto Brass/Dino de Laurentiis film Attraction ( original title Nerosubianco , also known as Black on White ) . In 1968 , Harrison entirely overhauled the group 's membership , and the new line up began recording with more of a hard rock sound , scoring tour dates with Black Sabbath , Jethro Tull , and The James Gang . They achieved great renown for their excellent version of the Beatles song `` Cry Baby Cry '' on their second album Freedom at Last . Further lineup changes occurred before the band finally splintered in 1972 , with Harrison going on to Snafu ." }, { "docid": "De_Schreeuw", "title": "", "text": "De Schreeuw ( The Cry ) is a memorial sculpture that remembers the assassinated Dutch filmmaker/regisseur Theo van Gogh . Theo van Gogh was assassinated on 2 November 2004 in the Linnaeusstraat in Amsterdam , just a few steps away from the Oosterpark . The assassin was the Muslim Mohammed Bouyeri . The Cry , translation of De Schreeuw , is `` a powerful symbol of the freedom of speech '' , an official of the Amsterdam administration Martin Verbeet said . The artwork is located at the edge of the Oosterpark , so it can be seen by many people ; `` Theo literally cries to the people through this artwork . '' The artwork , made by artist Jeroen Henneman , is allegedly supposed to symbolizes freedom of speech , and how Theo Van Gogh was made speechless . One side of the 4.5 meter high and stainless steel sculpture shows a profile of Theo van Gogh , crying with his mouth wide open . The other side shows him with his mouth closed . It was unveiled in the Oosterpark in Amsterdam on Sunday 18 March 2007 . Accompanied by friends , relatives and others , the mayor of Amsterdam Job Cohen spoke some words of remembrance at the site . During the revelation there were songs ( chansons ) written by Van Gogh . Cabaretier Hans Teeuwen , a good friend of the filmmaker , concluded the gathering with a protest song supposedly for the free word and freedom of speech . The artist who made the monument hopes that it makes the people remember the moment of the assassination . `` For Theo van Gogh , who cries for mercy . ''" }, { "docid": "Eldorado_(EP)", "title": "", "text": "Eldorado is an EP released only in Japan and Australia by Neil Young backed by The Restless , which consisted of Chad Cromwell and Rick Rosas . It contains different mixes of three songs that subsequently appeared on Young 's 1989 album Freedom , `` Do n't Cry , '' `` On Broadway , '' and `` Eldorado , '' and two tracks not available on any other recording , `` Cocaine Eyes '' and `` Heavy Love . '' The `` Do n't Cry '' track on Eldorado is longer than the later version published on Freedom , for which some of the more free-form guitar work was edited out ( at the insistence of co-producers Niko Bolas and Frank Sampedro ) ." }, { "docid": "Cry_of_a_Prostitute", "title": "", "text": "Cry of a Prostitute ( Quelli che contano , also known as Love Kills and Guns of the Big Shots ) is a 1974 Italian gangster film directed by Andrea Bianchi ." }, { "docid": "Lesley_Walker", "title": "", "text": "Lesley Walker is a British film and television editor with more than thirty feature film credits . She came into prominence in the 1980s , when she `` developed a fast and snappy editing style in the decade , with A Letter to Brezhnev ( 1985 ) , Mona Lisa , Cry Freedom ( 1987 ) , and Shirley Valentine . '' She has worked extensively with directors Terry Gilliam and Richard Attenborough . Walker 's work has been honored by nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Editing ( Mona Lisa ( 1986 ) and Cry Freedom ( 1987 ) ) , for the Genie Award for Best Achievement in Editing ( Tideland ( 2005 ) ) , and the American Cinema Editors Eddie Award ( Mamma Mia ! ( 2008 ) ) ." }, { "docid": "Crying_Freeman_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Crying Freeman is a 1995 Canadian action film , directed by Christophe Gans , based on the `` Portrait of a Killer '' arc of the best-selling manga of the same name by Kazuo Koike and Ryoichi Ikegami . The film was shot in British Columbia in October 1994 . Despite being heavily promoted by Viz Media on Animerica magazine and reprints of the Crying Freeman graphic novel , the film was never released in the United States ." }, { "docid": "Far_Cry_2", "title": "", "text": "Far Cry 2 is an open world first-person shooter developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft . It was released on October 21 , 2008 in North America , October 23 , 2008 in Australia , and October 24 , 2008 in Europe . It was made available on Steam on October 22 , 2008 . Crytek , the developers of the original game , were not involved in the development of Far Cry 2 . It is the second installment of the main Far Cry series , preceded by 2004 's Far Cry and followed by 2012 's Far Cry 3 . Ubisoft has marketed Far Cry 2 as the true sequel to Far Cry , however the sequel has very few noticeable similarities to the original game . Instead , it features completely new characters and setting , as well as a new style of gameplay that allows the player greater freedom to explore different African landscapes such as deserts , jungles , and savannas . The game takes place in a modern-day Central African nation during civil war . The player takes control of a mercenary on a lengthy journey to locate and assassinate `` The Jackal '' , a notorious arms dealer . Far Cry 2 was met with positive reception upon its release , with critics praising the game 's setting , open-ended gameplay , visuals and AI , while criticism was directed at glitches , design choices and the writing . As of January 23 , 2009 , the game has sold 2.9 million copies ." }, { "docid": "The_Halloween_That_Almost_Wasn't", "title": "", "text": "The Halloween That Almost Was n't is a 1979 holiday television film . This television film aired regularly on the Disney Channel during its Halloween season from 1983 to 1996 . It revolves around Dracula ( Judd Hirsch ) trying to save Halloween from the Witch ( Mariette Hartley ) who threatens it . It won an Emmy Award for `` Outstanding Individual Achievement -- Children 's Program '' and was nominated for three others . On VHS releases , it was retitled The Night Dracula Saved the World . The special , which premiered on ABC on October 28 , 1979 , was shot at Lyndhurst in Tarrytown , New York ." }, { "docid": "Freedom_Arms", "title": "", "text": "Freedom Arms is a Freedom , Wyoming based firearm manufacturing company , known for producing powerful single-action revolvers . The company was founded in 1978 by Wayne Baker and Dick Casull to produce the Mini revolver then later a revolver chambered in Casull 's powerful .454 Casull chambering . This 5-shot revolver was the Model 83 . Freedom Arms currently makes a single-shot pistol in addition to their revolvers ." }, { "docid": "Cry_of_the_Wild", "title": "", "text": "Cry of the Wild is a 1972 feature-length documentary film by Bill Mason and his second of three films about wolves . The film is a personal account of the two years Mason spent shooting his first film on wolves , Death of a Legend , incorporating footage from the earlier film . Cry of the Wild was shot in the Northwest Territories , British Columbia and Canadian Arctic , as well as near Mason 's home in the Gatineau Hills , where he kept and observed three grown wolves and , eventually , a litter of cubs ." }, { "docid": "Cry_Danger", "title": "", "text": "Cry Danger is a 1951 film noir thriller shot in twenty-two days in Los Angeles . Dick Powell and Rhonda Fleming co-star . The film was directed by Robert Parrish , a former child star and later editor in his debut as a director ." }, { "docid": "Golden_Ivory", "title": "", "text": "Golden Ivory is a 1954 British adventure film shot in Kenya . It was directed by George P. Breakston and starred Robert Urquhart , John Bentley and Susan Stephen . In the 1890s British pioneers settle in Kenya . It was released in the United States as Outlaw Safari . In 1957 exploitation film specialists American International Pictures acquired the rights , retitled it White Huntress and released it as a double feature with a shockumentary Naked Africa . John Bentley later had the lead in the African Patrol television series that was produced by George Breakston and shot in Kenya ." }, { "docid": "Cry_of_the_City", "title": "", "text": "Cry of the City is a 1948 black-and-white film noir directed by Robert Siodmak based on the novel by Henry Edward Helseth , The Chair for Martin Rome . Veteran film noir-writer Ben Hecht worked on the film 's script , but is not credited . The film was shot partly on location in New York City ." }, { "docid": "Sarfaroshi_ki_Tamanna", "title": "", "text": "Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna is a patriotic poem written in Urdu by Bismil Azimabadi of Patna in 1921 , and then it was also immortalised by Ram Prasad Bismil as a freedom war cry during the British Raj period in India . It was first published in journal `` Sabah '' , published from Delhi . The poem was written as an ode to young freedom fighters of the Indian independence movement . It has also been associated with the younger generation of inter-war freedom fighters such as Ashfaqullah Khan , Shaheed Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad ." }, { "docid": "Seren_Waters", "title": "", "text": "Seren Robert Waters ( born 11 April 1990 in Nairobi , Kenya ) is a former Kenyan cricketer who plays for Surrey and Kenya . He is a skillful and bold opening batsman , who loves to face the first ball . He is strong off his legs and through the covers and his favourite shot is the pull shot ." }, { "docid": "Uhuru_Gardens", "title": "", "text": "Uhuru Gardens is a memorial public park located on Lang ` ata Road , Nairobi , Kenya . It is the largest memorial park in Kenya . The inaugural ceremony for Kenya 's first president , President Jomo Kenyatta was conducted at this park on 12 December 1963 when Kenya gained its independence . A 24-metre high monument commemorating Kenyas ' struggle for independence is the centrepiece of attractions at Uhuru Gardens . To one side of this monument is a statue of freedom fighters raising the Kenyan flag . About a hundred metres away is another monument with a fountain . Category : Nairobi Category : Parks in Kenya" }, { "docid": "Cry_Wilderness", "title": "", "text": "Cry Wilderness is a 1987 family adventure film in which Bigfoot befriends a young boy , whose park ranger father is tracking an escaped tiger . It was shot in 1986 in Mono County , California . The film was re-released on DVD in 2014 along with the 1970s documentary In Search of Bigfoot . In 2017 , the film was the subject of parody by Mystery Science Theater 3000 , as the second episode of Season 11 ." }, { "docid": "Shungwaya_Freedom_Party", "title": "", "text": "The Shungwaya Freedom Party was a political party in Kenya led by Ahmed Jeneby ." }, { "docid": "Kiss_and_cry", "title": "", "text": "The kiss and cry is the area in an ice rink where figure skaters wait for their marks to be announced after their performances during a figure skating competition . It is so named because the skaters and coaches often kiss to celebrate after a good performance , or cry after a poor one . The area is usually located in the corner or end of the rink and is furnished with a bench or chairs for the skaters and coaches and monitors to display the competition results . It is often elaborately decorated with flowers or some other backdrop for television shots and photos of the skaters as they react to their performance and scores . The term was coined by Jane Erkko , a Finnish figure skating official who was on the organizing committee for the 1983 World Figure Skating Championships which were held in Helsinki . Erkko came up with the name when visiting television technicians who were mapping the arena prior to the event wanted to know what the area was called . The first formal off-ice waiting area at the Olympics appeared in Sarajevo 1984 . The term `` kiss and cry '' was widely used by the early 1990s , and is now used officially in the International Skating Union Regulations , and showing the `` kiss and cry '' room likely has helped make figure skating very popular in Olympics on television . The American and other national federations train skaters on how to appear on camera while waiting . A kiss and cry area is also featured at some gymnastics competitions ." }, { "docid": "Human_rights_in_Kenya", "title": "", "text": "Human rights in Kenya are far better than in most of Africa , though political freedom is still curtailed ." }, { "docid": "Jaramogi_Oginga_Odinga", "title": "", "text": "Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga ( October 1911 -- 20 January 1994 ) was a Luo chieftain who became a prominent figure in Kenya 's struggle for independence . He later served as Kenya 's first Vice-President , and thereafter as opposition leader . Odinga 's son Raila Odinga is the former Prime Minister , and another son , Oburu Odinga , is a former Assistant Minister in the Ministry of Finance . Jaramogi is credited for the phrase `` Not Yet Uhuru '' which is the title of his autobiography written in the 80s during his time under house arrest . `` Uhuru '' means freedom in Swahili and he was referencing the fact that even after independence from British colonialism , the brutal oppression of opposition in political affairs in Kenya , meant that the country had still not attained real freedom . At that time Jaramogi 's son Raila was also in detention for a period of 8 years ." } ]
50469	In the United States presidential election of 1972, Richard Nixon was a candidate.	[ { "docid": "Richard_Nixon", "title": "", "text": "Richard Milhous Nixon ( January 9 , 1913 -- April 22 , 1994 ) was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974 , when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office . He had previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower , and prior to that as a U.S. Representative and also Senator from California . Nixon was born in Yorba Linda , California . After completing his undergraduate studies at Whittier College , he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937 and returned to California to practice law . He and his wife Pat moved to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government . He subsequently served on active duty in the U.S. Navy Reserve during World War II . Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950 . His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist , and elevated him to national prominence . He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower , the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election . Nixon served for eight years as vice president -- at 40 , the second-youngest vice president in history . He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960 , narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy , and lost a race for Governor of California to Pat Brown in 1962 . In 1968 , he ran for the presidency again and was elected by defeating incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey . Nixon ended American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1973 and brought the American POWs home , and ended the military draft . Nixon 's visit to the People 's Republic of China in 1972 eventually led to diplomatic relations between the two nations , and he initiated détente and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union the same year . His administration generally transferred power from Washington D.C. to the states . He imposed wage and price controls for a period of ninety days , enforced desegregation of Southern schools and established the Environmental Protection Agency . Nixon also presided over the Apollo 11 moon landing , which signaled the end of the moon race . He was reelected in one of the largest electoral landslides in U.S. history in 1972 , when he defeated George McGovern . The year 1973 saw an Arab oil embargo , gasoline rationing , and a continuing series of revelations about the Watergate scandal . The scandal escalated , costing Nixon much of his political support , and on August 9 , 1974 , he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office . After his resignation , he was issued a pardon by his successor , Gerald Ford . In retirement , Nixon 's work writing several books and undertaking of many foreign trips helped to rehabilitate his image . He suffered a debilitating stroke on April 18 , 1994 , and died four days later at the age of 81 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States Presidential Election in Maine took place on November 7 , 1972 as part of the 1972 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all fifty states and the District of Columbia . Voters chose four representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Maine was won by the incumbent Republican president Richard M. Nixon by a landslide 21 point margin over his Democratic challenger , Senator George McGovern of South Dakota . Nixon took 61.46 percent of the vote , totaling up to 256,458 votes , to McGovern 's 38.48 percent , and 160,584 votes . In the midst of Nixon 's massive 49-state landslide victory , Maine voted almost exactly as the country did , only voting about 0.7 percent more Republican than the nation as a whole . Richard Nixon swept every county in the state except for Androscoggin , where McGovern won by a mere 103 votes . Androscoggin was the solitary county McGovern won in the Northeast outside Massachusetts or the metropolises of New York and Philadelphia . Nixon 's victory was the first of five consecutive Republican victories in the state , as Maine would not vote for a Democratic candidate again until Bill Clinton in 1992 . Since then it has become a safe Democratic state , not having been seriously contested by a Republican presidential candidate in many cycles . Since 1972 no presidential candidate of either party has surpassed Nixon 's 61.46 % of the vote in Maine ( the closest being Ronald Reagan 's 60.83 % in 1984 ) ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Virginia voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States . This was also the first presidential election after the passage of the Twenty-sixth Amendment , which decreased the voting age from 21 to 18 . Virginia was won by incumbent United States President Richard Nixon of California with 67.84 % of the vote , who was running against U.S. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota . Nixon also won the national election with 60.67 % of the vote . However , Nixon did not win all of the electoral votes in Virginia because one of his electors , Roger MacBride , instead cast his vote for Libertarian candidate John Hospers and his running mate , Tonie Nathan . Although Hospers was not on the ballot in Virginia , MacBride 's vote was the first electoral vote ever cast for a female candidate ( Nathan ) ; MacBride was subsequently nominated as the Libertarian candidate for President in the next election ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . South Carolina voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . South Carolina overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominees , incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Kansas . Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees , Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland . Nixon carried South Carolina with 70.58 % of the vote to McGovern 's 27.92 % , a victory margin of 42.66 % . This is the only presidential election where the Republican candidate carried every county in the state and this election provided the Republican with its best presidential result ever in South Carolina ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The United States presidential election in Alabama , 1972 was held on November 7 , 1972 . Incumbent President Richard Nixon won Alabama , winning 72.43 % of the vote to George McGovern 's 25.54 % . This is also the best showing in the state by a Republican presidential candidate ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Ohio took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Ohio voters chose 25 electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . The Buckeye State was won by incumbent President Richard Nixon ( R ) by a margin of 21.56 percent . Nixon won every county in the state except Lucas and Athens Counties , which McGovern won by only 0.9 percent and 1.2 percent respectively , and gained a majority in all eighty-six winning counties except Cuyahoga County . Nixon 's biggest win was in Union County where he obtained 75.9 percent of the vote . This was the last time until 2016 that Trumbull County would vote Republican , and the last to date that Cuyahoga and Mahoning Counties have supported the Republican candidate ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 7 , 1972 throughout all fifty states and D.C. , which was part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Voters chose thirteen representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . North Carolina voted strongly for Republican nominee President Richard Nixon , over Democratic nominee Senator George McGovern . North Carolina voted overwhelmingly for President Nixon , who won 69.46 % to 28.89 % , one of the biggest margins in the country . This is the most Republican result in the state . McGovern won only the typically extremely strong Democratic counties of Northampton and Orange -- two counties with a record of having voted Democratic at every election since 1904 , apart from Orange County 's vote against the Catholic Al Smith in 1928 . Even in these counties , where most Democratic candidates expect to receive well over sixty percent of the vote and Walter Mondale in his disastrous 1984 loss won by over 13 percent , McGovern won by only 236 votes in Northampton County and 1,002 out of over twenty-three thousand in Orange County . In the process Nixon managed to challenge the long-established Democratic bastion in the state 's northeast , which rivals South Texas as the longest-lived extant Democrat stronghold in the entire United States . It is the only time since 1900 that Hoke , Hertford and Bertie Counties have voted against the Democratic candidate , the only time that Durham has voted for the Republican candidate since 1928 , and the only time Anson , Halifax , Warren and Edgecombe Counties have supported a Republican candidate since 1896 . This is the first election in which a presidential candidate won North Carolina with more than a million votes ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 7 , 1972 in Minnesota as part of the 1972 United States presidential election . The Republican Party candidate , incumbent President Richard Nixon , won the state over U.S. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota by a margin of 95,923 votes , or 5.07 % . Nixon went on to win the election nationally , by a landslide margin of 23.15 % of the popular vote . McGovern carried only Massachusetts and the District of Columbia . The 1972 election was the last time Minnesota -- historically a state which favored Republicans -- was carried by a Republican . During Nixon 's second term as President , the Watergate scandal resulted in the loss of the Republican Party 's credibility both nationally and in Minnesota . The damage caused by Watergate was so pronounced that the Republican Party of Minnesota was forced to rebrand itself as the `` Independent-Republican Party '' from 1975 to 1995 , in order to distance itself from the national Republican Party . Had McGovern carried the state , Minnesota still would have the longest streak of consecutive Democratic wins , last voting Republican in 1956 . Nixon also remains the last Republican to carry heavily populated Hennepin County , with 1972 also the last time that county did not vote the same as neighboring Ramsey County ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_California,_1968", "title": "", "text": "The 1968 United States presidential election in California refers to how California participated in the 1968 United States presidential election . California narrowly voted for the Republican nominee , former Vice President Richard Nixon , over the Democratic nominee , Vice President Hubert Humphrey . Nixon is the last Republican candidate to carry Santa Cruz County by a majority of the popular vote , although Republicans in 1972 and 1980 carried the county by plurality , whilst Humphrey is the last Democrat to carry Kings County ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Indiana voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Indiana was won by the Republican nominees , incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland . Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees , Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland . Nixon carried Indiana with 66.11 percent of the vote to McGovern 's 33.34 percent , a victory margin of 32.77 percent . Although Indiana is one of the most reliable Republican states in the country , this is the only occasion where a Republican candidate carried every county in the state . As of 2017 , this is the last time a Republican won Democratic-leaning Lake County in the northwestern corner ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 7 , 1972 , as part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Arkansas voters chose six representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Arkansas was won by incumbent President Richard Nixon ( R -- California ) , with 68.82 % of the popular vote , against George McGovern ( D -- South Dakota ) , with 30.71 % of the popular vote . John G. Schmitz was the only other candidate on the ballot , and , as the candidate for the American Independent Party , he received just over three thousand votes . In a state that would reflect McGovern 's national results , the Democratic nominee did not win a single county in Arkansas . This is also the best showing in the state by a Republican presidential candidate . This actually was n't the first time a Republican won Arkansas , as Ulysses S. Grant won it in 1868 ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 7 , 1972 , as part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Michigan voters chose twenty-one representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Michigan was won by incumbent President Richard Nixon ( R -- California ) , with 62.07 % of the popular vote , against George McGovern ( D -- South Dakota ) , with 35.79 % of the popular vote . John G. Schmitz was the only other candidate on the ballot , and , as the candidate for the American Independent Party , he received over 63,000 votes . Delta , Lake , Washtenaw , and Wayne counties were the only four of Michigan 's 83 counties to vote for McGovern ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 7 , 1972 , as part of the 1972 United States presidential election . North Dakota voters chose three representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . North Dakota was won by incumbent President Richard Nixon ( R -- California ) , with 62.07 % of the popular vote , against George McGovern ( D -- South Dakota ) , with 35.79 % of the popular vote . John G. Schmitz was the only other candidate on the ballot , and , as the candidate for the American Independent Party , he received over five thousand votes . In a state that would reflect McGovern 's national results , the Democratic nominee only won one county ( Rolette ) in North Dakota ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States Presidential Election in Vermont took place on November 7 , 1972 as part of the 1972 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all 50 states and the District of Columbia . Voters chose three representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Vermont voted for incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland , defeating Democratic Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland . Nixon took 62.66 % of the vote to McGovern 's 36.47 % , a margin of 26.20 % . Coming in a distant third was the People 's Party candidate famed pediatrician Dr. Benjamin Spock , who took 0.54 % in Vermont on the Liberty Union ballot line . Vermont historically was a bastion of liberal Northeastern Republicanism , and by 1972 the Green Mountain State had gone Republican in every presidential election since the founding of the Republican Party , except in the Democratic landslide of 1964 , when the GOP had nominated staunch conservative Barry Goldwater . Richard Nixon was seen as a mainstream moderate Republican , and while winning nationally in a massive 49-state landslide , he easily held onto Vermont 's three electoral votes . The only state McGovern carried was neighboring Massachusetts , along with the District of Columbia . As Nixon won a historic landslide nationally , Vermont weighed in as about 2 % more Republican than the nation . Nixon won every county in Vermont , and broke sixty percent in every county except for Chittenden County , the most populous county , home to the state 's largest city , Burlington . Though the state did n't vote Democratic until 1992 , no subsequent Republican who won the state was able to match Nixon 's 62 percent vote share ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 7 , 1972 . All fifty states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . New Jersey voters chose seventeen electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . New Jersey was won by the Republican nominees , incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate incumbent Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland . Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees , Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate United States Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland . Nixon carried New Jersey with 61.57 % to McGovern 's 36.77 % , a margin of 24.80 % . Nixon swept every county in New Jersey , including even traditional Democratic strongholds like Essex County , Mercer County , and Hudson County . Nixon 's unique nationwide appeal to working-class Democrats in 1972 was most evident in his performance in Hudson County ; the traditionally heavily Democratic county , which Nixon had lost decisively with less than 40 % of the vote in both 1960 and 1968 , went to Nixon in 1972 by a 60 -- 39 margin . This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Essex County , although it was still McGovern 's strongest , only narrowly going to Nixon by a 50 -- 48 margin . Mercer County was the second closest , with Nixon winning it , 52 -- 47 . Nixon 's strongest county was rural Sussex County , where he received 74 % of the vote . New Jersey in this era was a swing state with a slight Republican lean , and this pattern continued with the results of 1972 . In the midst of nationwide Republican landslide , New Jersey voted basically how the nation voted , its result being 1 % more Republican than the national average . This was the third time in five presidential elections that the winning candidate swept New Jersey 's counties in an election , having also happened in 1956 and 1964 . However , it only happened once before , when Warren G. Harding achieved it in 1920 , and as of 2016 , this has not happened since ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_California,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in California refers to how California participated in the 1972 United States presidential election . California voted for the Republican incumbent , Richard Nixon , over the Democratic challenger , South Dakota Senator George McGovern . Nixon took 55.00 % of the vote to McGovern 's 41.54 % , a margin of 13.46 % . Although California was Richard Nixon 's home state , his performance in the state was somewhat underwhelming , as California 's result was about 5.7 % more Democratic than the nation as a whole . This was the first presidential election in which California had the most electoral college votes as a result of the 1970 census , a status it has maintained ever since ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 7 , 1972 , as part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Tennessee voters chose ten representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Tennessee was won by incumbent President Richard Nixon ( R -- California ) , with 67.70 % of the popular vote , against George McGovern ( D -- South Dakota ) , with 29.75 % of the popular vote . John G. Schmitz was the only other candidate on the ballot , and , as the candidate for the American Independent Party , he received over 30,000 votes . Stewart , Houston , Perry , Lewis , and Jackson counties were the only five of Tennessee 's ninety-five counties to vote for McGovern ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas,_1960", "title": "", "text": "The 1960 United States presidential election was held on November 8 , 1960 . The Democratic Party candidate John F. Kennedy , narrowly won the state of Texas with 50.52 % of the vote to the Republican candidate Vice President Richard Nixon 's 48.52 % , a margin of 2 % , giving him the state 's 24 electoral votes . Despite the presence of U.S. Senator Lyndon B. Johnson on the Democratic ticket , the results in Texas made the state the 10th closest state in the election . Nixon 's strong performance in the Dallas-Fort Worth area , Harris County , and the Panhandle , kept the race close . Nixon would narrowly lose Texas again in 1968 , although he did win the Presidency that year . In 1972 , he sought re-election and won Texas with an overwhelming 66 % of the popular vote ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota,_1972", "title": "", "text": "South Dakota was the home state of George McGovern , the Democratic Party nominee in the 1972 United States presidential election . Although McGovern , a member of the liberal wing of his party in a relatively conservative state , was at the time of the election a popular two-term Senator , having won re-election in 1968 with 56.8 % of the vote , he lost the presidential vote here to incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon . McGovern 's loss was heavily influenced by voter opposition to his supposedly far-left ideology . McGovern 's loss of South Dakota made him the second candidate in four years to lose his state of birth ( in 1968 Hubert Humphrey also lost South Dakota , where he was born ) and residence ( also in 1968 Richard Nixon lost New York , where he then resided ) . McGovern remained the last candidate to lose his state of residence until 2000 , when Al Gore lost Tennessee . Donald Trump would lose his home State of New York in 2016 , to Hillary Clinton Despite South Dakota weighing in as nearly 15 % more Democratic than the national average for this election , it is actually tied for the longest Republican streak since 1964 ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Colorado refers to how Colorado participated in the 1972 United States presidential election . Colorado voted for the Republican incumbent , Richard Nixon , over the Democratic challenger , South Dakota Senator George McGovern . Nixon took 62.61 % of the vote to McGovern 's 34.59 % , a margin of 28.01 % ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The United States presidential election of 1972 , the 47th quadrennial presidential election was held on Tuesday , November 7 , 1972 . The Democratic Party 's nomination was eventually won by Senator George McGovern of South Dakota , who ran an anti-war campaign against Republican incumbent President Richard Nixon , but was handicapped by his outsider status , limited support from his own party , the perception of many voters that he was a left-wing extremist and the scandal that resulted from the stepping down of vice-presidential nominee Thomas Eagleton . Emphasizing a good economy and his successes in foreign affairs , such as coming near to ending American involvement in the Vietnam War and establishing relations with China , Nixon won the election in a landslide . Overall , he won 60.7 % of the popular vote , a percentage only slightly lower than Lyndon B. Johnson 's in 1964 , but with a larger margin of victory in the popular vote ( 23.2 % ) , thus becoming the fourth largest in presidential election history . He received almost 18 million more popular votes than McGovern , the widest margin of any United States presidential election . McGovern only won the electoral votes in Massachusetts and the District of Columbia . No candidate since has managed to equal or surpass Nixon 's total percentage or margin of the popular vote , and his electoral vote total and percentage , which rank sixth , have been surpassed only once , and his state total matched only once , by Ronald Reagan in 1984 . Also in this election , Democrat Shirley Chisholm became the first African American to run for a major party nomination , and Patsy Mink was the first Asian American candidate to run for the Democratic Party candidacy . It was also the first time that Hawaii was carried by a Republican , becoming the last of the 50 states to do so . Together with the House and Senate elections of 1972 , it was the first electoral event in which people aged 18 to 20 could vote in every state , according to the provisions of the 26th Amendment . It was also the first election in which California had the most votes in the electoral college and it has remained the most populous state since then . Furthermore , the presidential term of 1973 -- 1977 is notable for being the only one in American history in which both the original President and Vice President fail to complete the term . Vice President Spiro Agnew , who resigned less than a year after the election over allegations that he had accepted bribes as Governor of Maryland , was replaced by Gerald Ford under the terms of the 25th Amendment , while Nixon would resign due to the Watergate Scandal in August 1974 . Ultimately , the 1973 -- 77 term would see two different Presidents and three different Vice Presidents . As of 2017 , the 1972 election was the last one where the winning candidate did not serve their full term of office . As of 2017 , this is the last time Minnesota voted for the Republican candidate ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Rhode Island refers to how Rhode Island participated in the 1972 United States presidential election . Rhode Island voted for the Republican incumbent , Richard Nixon , over the Democratic challenger , South Dakota Senator George McGovern . Nixon took 53.00 % of the vote to McGovern 's 46.81 % , a margin of 6.19 % ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . New York was won by incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon , who succeeded in securing re-election against Democratic Senator George McGovern of South Dakota . Nixon ran with Vice President , and former Maryland Governor , Spiro Agnew for Vice President , and McGovern ran with United States Ambassador Sargent Shriver for Vice President . In the midst of a nationwide Republican landslide , Nixon took 58.54 % of the vote in New York State to McGovern 's 41.21 % , a margin of 17.34 % . New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 6 % . Nearly all counties in New York State turned out for Nixon , and only counties composite with New York City had majorities for the more liberal , and more progressive , George McGovern . McGovern was able to win New York City as a whole with victories in 3 boroughs , taking 2/3 of the vote in Manhattan and also winning the Bronx and Brooklyn , however Nixon was able to put in a relatively strong performance citywide with victories in Queens and Staten Island . 1972 remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won the borough of Queens , a heavily populated county historically key to Republican competition in New York . This was also the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won the upstate counties of Erie County , where the city of Buffalo is located , and Albany County , where the state capital of Albany is located . All 3 of these counties have become solidly Democratic in the 40 years that have followed . The presidential election of 1972 was an extremely partisan election for New York , with 99.75 % of the electorate voting either Republican or Democrat . Having delivered as President a period of relative economic stability and growth , and showing promising movements towards peace in Vietnam , Nixon was able to gain reelection with electors from every State in the U.S. , except Massachusetts and the District of Columbia . The Vietnam War continued to be a strong issue during this election , with both candidates declaring desire to end the conflict . This was the first election since 1808 in which New York did not have the largest number of electors in the Electoral College , having fallen to 41 electors versus California 's 45 as a result of the 1970 census ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Kansas voters chose 7 electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President . Kansas was won by incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon by a landslide of 28 points ; Nixon succeeded in securing re-election against Democratic Senator George McGovern of South Dakota . Nixon ran with Vice President , and former Maryland Governor , Spiro Agnew for Vice President , and McGovern ran with United States Ambassador Sargent Shriver for Vice President . In the midst of a nationwide Republican landslide , Nixon took 67.66 % of the vote in Texas to McGovern 's 29.50 % . Kansas voters turned out heavily for Nixon , who won every county in the state . McGovern 's loss was heavily influenced by voter opposition to his far-left ideology ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 7 , 1972 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Voters chose 4 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Montana overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee , President Richard Nixon , over the Democratic nominee , Senator George McGovern . Nixon won Montana by a landslide margin of 20.08 % ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 7 , 1972 , throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Voters chose 27 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Pennsylvania overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee , President Richard Nixon , over the Democratic nominee , Senator George McGovern . Nixon won Pennsylvania by a massive margin of 19.98 % , winning every county except for Philadelphia ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Delaware voters chose three electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Delaware was won by the Republican nominees , incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland . Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees , Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland . Nixon carried Delaware with 59.60 % of the vote to McGovern 's 39.18 % , a victory margin of 20.42 % ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Iowa voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Iowa was won by the Republican nominees , incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland . Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees , Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland . Nixon carried Iowa with 57.61 % of the vote to McGovern 's 40.48 % , a victory margin of 17.13 % ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Louisiana voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Louisiana was won by the Republican nominees , incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland . Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees , Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland . Nixon carried Louisiana with 65.32 % of the vote to McGovern 's 28.35 % , a victory margin of 36.97 % ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Missouri voters chose twelve electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Missouri was won by the Republican nominees , incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland . Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees , Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland . Nixon carried Missouri with 62.29 % of the vote to McGovern 's 37.71 % , a victory margin of 24.58 % ." }, { "docid": "United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 7 , 1972 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election . Nevada voters chose three electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Nevada was won by the Republican nominees , incumbent President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Vice President Spiro Agnew of Maryland . Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic nominees , Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and his running mate U.S. Ambassador Sargent Shriver of Maryland . Nixon carried Nevada with 63.68 % of the vote to McGovern 's 36.32 % , a victory margin of 27.36 % ." } ]
140657	There is a cultural attraction called the Museum of Science and Industry.	[ { "docid": "Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_(Chicago)", "title": "", "text": "The Museum of Science and Industry ( MSI ) is located in Chicago , Illinois , in Jackson Park , in the Hyde Park neighborhood between Lake Michigan and The University of Chicago . It is housed in the former Palace of Fine Arts from the 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition . Initially endowed by Julius Rosenwald , the Sears , Roebuck and Company president and philanthropist , it was supported by the Commercial Club of Chicago and opened in 1933 during the Century of Progress Exposition . Among the museum 's exhibits are a full-size replica coal mine , captured during World War II , a 3500 sqft model railroad , the first diesel-powered streamlined stainless-steel passenger train ( Pioneer Zephyr ) , and the Apollo 8 spacecraft that carried the first humans to orbit the Moon . Based on 2009 attendance , the Museum of Science and Industry was the second-largest cultural attraction in Chicago . David R. Mosena has been president and CEO of the museum since 1998 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Cité_des_Sciences_et_de_l'Industrie", "title": "", "text": "The Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie is the biggest science museum in Europe . Located in Parc de la Villette in Paris , France , it is one of the three dozen Cultural Centers of Science , Technology and Industry ( CCSTI ) , promoting science and science culture . About five million people visit the Cité each year . Attractions include a planetarium , a submarine ( the Argonaute ) , an IMAX theatre ( La Géode ) and special areas for children and teenagers . The Cité is classified as a public establishment of an industrial and commercial character , an establishment specialising in the fostering of scientific and technical culture . Created on the initiative of President Giscard d'Estaing , the goal of the Cité is to spread scientific and technical knowledge among the public , particularly for youth , and to promote public interest in science , research and industry . The most notable features of the `` bioclimatic facade '' facing the park are Les Serres -- three greenhouse spaces each 32 metres high , 32 metres wide and 8 metres deep . The facades of Les Serres were the first structural glass walls to be constructed without framing or supporting fins . Between 30 May and 1 June 2008 , the museum hosted the 3rd International Salon for Peace Initiatives ." }, { "docid": "Swedish_National_Museum_of_Science_and_Technology", "title": "", "text": "The Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology ( Tekniska museet ) is a Swedish museum in Stockholm . It is Sweden 's largest museum of technology , and has a national charter to be responsible for preserving the Swedish cultural heritage related to technological and industrial history . Its galleries comprise around 10,000 square meters , and the museum attracts annually about 350 , 000 visitors . The collections consist of more than 50,000 objects and artifacts , 600 shelf metres of archival records and documents , 200,000 drawings , 620,000 images and just over 50,000 books . The National Museum of Science and Technology also documents technologies , processes , stories and memoirs in order to preserve them for generations to come ." }, { "docid": "Science_Museum,_London", "title": "", "text": "The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington , London . It was founded in 1857 and today is one of the city 's major tourist attractions , attracting 3.3 million visitors annually . Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom , the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission . Temporary exhibitions , however , may incur an admission fee . It is part of the Science Museum Group , having merged with the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester in 2012 ." }, { "docid": "The_Cotton_Museum", "title": "", "text": "The Cotton Museum , located in Memphis , Tennessee , U.S. , is an historical and cultural museum that opened in March 2006 on the former trading floor of the Memphis Cotton Exchange at 65 Union Avenue in downtown Memphis . The mission of the Cotton Museum is to share the story of the cotton industry and its many influences on the daily life , arts , and the development of the mid-South region . The museum highlights artifacts through interpretive exhibits , educational programs , and research archives that help tell the story of cotton and cotton trading , from crop to becoming fabric . The Cotton Museum preserves the history of the cotton business and its impact on economics , history , society and culture , and science and technology . The museum 's exhibits are appropriate for field trips for middle schoolers and older , and provide visitors context for other attractions in the city ." }, { "docid": "Themed_Attraction_Association", "title": "", "text": "Themed Attraction Association ( TAA ) is a Canadian-based organization of companies and individuals working in the themed attractions industry . It was formed in 1986 by many of the companies and individuals who worked together on developing the exhibits and attractions at Vancouver 's Expo 86 . They founded the organization to promote British Columbia and Canada as a center of excellence in the industry and provide networking opportunities for members . The TAA includes many disciplines ranging from consultants to fabricators , designers , architects and planners . Its members work on projects around the world including theme parks , museums , science centers , zoos , world expositions , Olympics , planetariums , heritage sites , traveling exhibits , cultural events and trade shows . There are currently over 40 members of the TAA ." }, { "docid": "Culture_Coast_Chicago", "title": "", "text": "Culture Coast Chicago is a collection of artistically vibrant neighborhoods on the South Side of Chicago , Illinois , United States . Known for its high concentration of museums , music and theater ensembles , performance venues , cultural nonprofits , and arts education opportunities , the region spans from just south of McCormick Place to the South Shore Cultural Center and is bordered by Lake Michigan to the east and the Dan Ryan Expressway to the west . Hyde Park is the heart of the Culture Coast , with neighboring Bronzeville and Woodlawn adding to the region 's diverse cultural offerings . It is home to the Museum of Science and Industry , the Western hemisphere 's largest science museum , and the Hyde Park Art Center , the city 's oldest alternative exhibition space . Other key institutions include the DuSable Museum of African American History , the country 's first museum dedicated to the study of African American history ; and the University of Chicago , which houses the Oriental Institute , the David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art , and the Renaissance Society . The university hosts numerous visiting artists , performances , and lectures . The region is also home to several independent bookstores and community arts initiatives . The Culture Coast 's artistic heritage includes creative icons such as playwright Lorraine Hansberry , novelist Saul Bellow , and jazz pioneer Herbie Hancock . The lakefront area has evolved into an eclectic architectural landscape since the mid-1800s , featuring Frank Lloyd Wright 's Prairie-style homes , the Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District , and the University of Chicago 's Collegiate Gothic quadrangles and modern constructions , such as the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library and the Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts . Since the 2008 election of former Kenwood resident Barack Obama as President , the Culture Coast has experienced renewed tourist interest . It is also a key focus of Chicago mayor Rahm Emanuel 's 2012 Chicago Cultural Plan , which calls for increased capital infrastructure for the `` Museum Campus South '' area surrounding the Museum of Science and Industry and the DuSable Museum ." }, { "docid": "Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_(Manchester)", "title": "", "text": "The Museum of Science and Industry ( MSI or formerly known as MOSI ) in Manchester , England , is a large museum devoted to the development of science , technology and industry with emphasis on the city 's achievements in these fields . The museum is part of the Science Museum Group , a non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture , Media and Sport , having merged with the National Science Museum in 2012 . There are extensive displays on the theme of transport ( cars , aircraft , railway locomotives and rolling stock ) , power ( water , electricity , steam and gas engines ) , Manchester 's sewerage and sanitation , textiles , communications and computing . The museum is an Anchor Point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage ; and is situated on the site of the world 's first railway station -- Manchester Liverpool Road -- which opened as part of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in September 1830 . The railway station frontage and 1830 warehouse are both Grade I listed . The museum also offers steam train rides at weekends and on bank holidays ." }, { "docid": "Houston_Museum_District", "title": "", "text": "The Houston Museum District is an association of 19 museums , galleries , cultural centers and community organizations located in Houston , Texas , dedicated to promoting art , science , history and culture . The Houston Museum District currently includes 19 museums that recorded a collective attendance of over 8.7 million visitors a year . All of the museums offer free times or days and 11 of the museums are free all the time . Thursdays the Museum District gets particularly crowded because of museum free days . On Thursdays , The Houston Museum of Natural Science is free after 2 , The Children 's Museum of Houston is free after 5 ht -RSB- , The Health Museum is free from 2-7 , and the Museum of Fine Arts , Houston is free all day ( courtesy of Shell ) . Houston 's Museum District is walkable and bikeable . Sidewalks are wide and well-maintained , and attractions and restaurants are situated near each other . Bordered roughly by Texas State Highway 288 , Hermann Park , U.S. Route 59 , and the Texas Medical Center , the Museum District specifically refers to the area located within a 1.5-mile radius of the Mecom Fountain in Hermann Park . The Museum District Civic Association compared the area to Georgetown in Washington , D.C. and to the French Quarter of New Orleans . The Museum District is served by four stops on the METRORail , one specifically named for it and is easily accessible from I-69 / US 59 , State Highway 288 and Main Street , across from the main entrance to Rice University . The beginnings of the Museum District are found in 1977 , when it became apparent that some action needed to be taken to provide easier access to the museums of the area . This call for community improvement evolved into the non-profit Montrose Project by the mid-1980s but changed into the Museum District Development Association of Houston ( MDDAH ) shortly thereafter . Based on the works of this organization , the Museum District was formally recognized by the City of Houston in 1989 . The founding organization was dissolved in 1994 , but the Museum District is now under the auspices of the Houston Museum District Association , founded in 1997 . The Museum District attracts visitors , students and volunteers of all ages , backgrounds , and ethnicities to learn about and celebrate art , history , culture , and nature around the world . More information on the 20 institutions of Houston 's Museum District may be found on their official website ." }, { "docid": "Fort_Worth_Museum_of_Science_and_History", "title": "", "text": "The Fort Worth Museum of Science and History is located on 1600 Gendy Street , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 in the city 's Cultural District . It was opened in 1945 as the Fort Worth Children 's Museum and moved to its current location in 1954 . In 1968 , the museum adopted its current name . Attractions at the museum include the Noble Planetarium and the Omni Theater , with Star 's Cafe and Shop Too ! gift shop , in addition to both traveling and permanent science and history exhibits . In the fall of 2007 , the museum was closed for renovations . During construction the museum had a limited presence in the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame next door , with a temporary `` 2 museums , 1 roof '' campaign . The entire museum was moved into a new building at the same site in 2009 . The new building , was designed by architects Legorreta + Legorreta with Gideon Toal and consists of 166,000 square feet . The original Omni Theater and lobby were refurbished but left mostly intact . In addition , the museum left one tree from the original museum courtyard undisturbed and built the museum around it , leaving the tree in an open area called the Heritage Courtyard . The total maximum occupancy is 3,369 individuals . The museum 's grand opening after renovations was on Friday , November 20 , 2009 ." }, { "docid": "National_Science_and_Media_Museum", "title": "", "text": "The National Science and Media Museum ( formerly the National Media Museum ) , located in Bradford , West Yorkshire , is part of the national Science Museum Group . The museum has seven floors of galleries with permanent exhibitions focusing on photography , television , animation , videogaming , the Internet and the scientific principles behind light and colour . It also hosts temporary exhibitions and maintains a collection of 3.5 million pieces in its research facility . The venue has three cinemas , operated in partnership with Picturehouse Cinemas , including an IMAX screen , and has previously hosted popular film festivals , including the Bradford International Film Festival until 2014 . In September 2011 the museum was voted the best indoor attraction in Yorkshire by the public , and it is one of the most visited museums in the north of England . the museum , in response to revenue shortfalls , has controversially adopted a policy of focusing on `` the science and culture of light and sound '' -- to the exclusion of what are seen as `` unsustainable '' aspects of creativity and culture , such as past film festivals . In March 2016 a 7.5 million pound five year investment plan in the museum was revealed by the Science Museum Group . In March 2017 its name was changed from National Media Museum to National Science and Media Museum ." }, { "docid": "Tourism_in_Portland,_Oregon", "title": "", "text": "Tourism in Portland , Oregon is a profitable industry that serves many . In 2016 , Portland area tourism generated $ 5.1 billion in direct spending by 8.99 million overnight person-trips and employs 36,100 people who were paid $ 1.27 billion . The city contains a wide variety of tourist attractions . The Washington Square and Pioneer Place are major shopping destinations . The Portland Art Museum , and Portland Institute for Contemporary Art offer cultural , historic , and modern art . Technological , industrial , and scientific exhibits are found at the Oregon Museum Science and Industry . The Portland Aquarium and Oregon Zoo are animal reserves . The Oregon Symphony at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall and the Hollywood Theatre are entertainment halls . Keller Fountain Park , Forest Park , and Portland Japanese Garden are natural parks . Memorials include the Oregon Holocaust Memorial and the Oregon Vietnam Veterans Memorial . Destinations near the area include the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum , Multnomah Falls , Trillium Lake , and Mount Hood . Events include the Oregon International Air Show and the Portland International Auto Show ." }, { "docid": "Arktikum_Science_Museum", "title": "", "text": "The Arktikum is a museum and science centre in Rovaniemi , Finland . Arktikum is an attraction , popular culture destination as well as a memorable venue for meetings and conferences . There is also Arktikum Café and library to serve the customers . Two separate actors operate at Arktikum : Arctic Center and the Provincial Museum of Lapland ." }, { "docid": "Birla_Industrial_&_Technological_Museum", "title": "", "text": "Birla Industrial & Technological Museum ( BITM ) , a unit under National Council of Science Museums ( NCSM ) , Ministry of Culture , Government of India , is at Gurusaday Road , Kolkata ." }, { "docid": "Media_Space", "title": "", "text": "Media Space is a 642 m2 exhibition space developed by the National Media Museum , Bradford , and the Science Museum , London , at the Science Museum 's Exhibition Road , London , premises . It opened to the public on 21 September 2013 . The space comprises an extensive gallery surrounded by cultural spaces for display and participation , for mixing across the arts , sciences and creative industries . It also intended to be a showcase for the National Media Museum collections in photography , as well as cinematography and broadcast technology , and an arena where audiences will engage with how new technologies have impacted on today 's creative industries . It is intended for adult audiences ." }, { "docid": "Città_della_Scienza", "title": "", "text": "The `` Città della Scienza '' ( City of Science ) museum , is one of the museums of the city of Naples , Italy . It was opened to public in 1996 and features various ares in which explore and learn about science , natural phenomena , and hosts a wide large number of science exhibits and culture events . It is also a promoter for sustainable technologies activities and enterprises . Its structures are located in Bagnoli , the ex industrial district in Naples , and its nucleus was built in a 19th-century workshops industry archeological site ." }, { "docid": "Norwegian_Museum_of_Hydropower_and_Industry", "title": "", "text": "The Norwegian Museum of Hydropower and Industry ( Norsk Vasskraft - og Industristadmuseum ) is a cultural history museum in Odda municipality in Hordaland county , Norway . The museum is located in the village of Tyssedal and in the town of Odda . The museum is dedicated to the industrial history of Odda and Tyssedal , and more generally to history related to rivers and water , hydropower production , electricity , power intensive industry and its society . A main attraction is the power station Tysso I , drawn by the architect Thorvald Astrup ( 1876 -- 1940 ) and constructed between 1906 and 1918 . The station contains machinery and control room equipment from the entire period of operation , 1908 -- 1989 . In 2000 Tyssedal power plant -- including Tysso I , pipelines , distribution pool and watchman 's house at Lilletopp , and intake pool and valve house at Vetlevann -- was protected for posterity by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage . During the following years the power plant went through extensive restoration . Close to the power station Tyssefaldene 's old administration building from 1914 today houses the museum 's exhibitions , library , archives , photo - and audio collections , as well as an auditorium . Further upstream it is possible to visit the installations at Lilletopp , Vetlevann and the Ringedals Dam . Three old workmen 's houses in Odda and a small former hydrologic research station at the glacier Folgefonna are also part of the museum . A via ferrata has been built that allows safe climbing along the very steep pipeline ." }, { "docid": "Cultural_Center_Historic_District_(Detroit,_Michigan)", "title": "", "text": "The Cultural Center Historic District is a historic district located in Midtown Detroit , Michigan , which includes the Art Center ( or Cultural Center ) : the Detroit Public Library , the Detroit Institute of Arts , and the Horace H. Rackham Education Memorial Building were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 . The district contains several cultural attractions . The Detroit Public Library and the Detroit Institute of Arts were built in the 1920s , heralding a City Beautiful movement in Detroit that aimed to establish the area along Woodward as the cultural center of the city . Wayne State University , then housed in the former Central High School , began offering four-year degrees . These institutions formed a core area that attracted other public-oriented institutions to the area , including several music schools , the Merrill-Palmer Institute , the Detroit Historical Museum , and College for Creative Studies . The Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History , the Michigan Science Center , and the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit are also located in the Art Center area . Substantial residential areas , including the East Ferry Avenue Historic District and late-19th century homes to the east of the Detroit Institute of Art . These neighborhoods have been infilled with townhomes and other residential developments and revitalizations ." }, { "docid": "List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_Chicago", "title": "", "text": "The city of Chicago , Illinois has many cultural institutions and museums , large and small . Major cultural institutions include : the Art Institute of Chicago , Chicago Symphony Orchestra , Chicago Architecture Foundation , Lyric Opera of Chicago , Goodman Theater , Joffrey Ballet , Central Public Harold Washington Library , and the Chicago Cultural Center , all in the Loop ; Lincoln Park 's Lincoln Park Zoo , Lincoln Park Conservatory , Chicago History Museum , Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum and Steppenwolf Theatre ; the Field Museum , Shedd Aquarium , and Adler Planetarium in the Near South Side 's Museum Campus ; the Museum of Science and Industry , Oriental Institute , Smart Museum of Art , and DuSable Museum in Hyde Park ; the Museum of Contemporary Art , The Second City comedy troupe , and the Chicago Shakespeare Theater in Near North Side ; the Garfield Park Conservatory ; and Pilsen 's National Museum of Mexican Art ; as well as the Brookfield Zoo , Chicago Botanic Gardens , and Morton Arboretum in nearby suburbs ." }, { "docid": "Museum_of_Pop_Culture", "title": "", "text": "The Museum of Pop Culture , or MoPOP ( earlier called EMP Museum ) is a nonprofit museum , dedicated to contemporary popular culture . It was founded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen in 2000 as the Experience Music Project . Since that time MoPOP has organized dozens of exhibits , 17 of which have toured across the US and internationally . The museum , which used to be known as Experience Music Project and Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame ( EMP \| SFM ) and later EMP Museum until November 2016 , has founded many public programs including Sound Off ! , an annual 21 and under battle-of-the-bands that supports the all-ages scene , and Pop Conference , an annual gathering of academics , critics , musicians , and music buffs . MoPOP , in collaboration with the Seattle International Film Festival ( SIFF ) presents the Science Fiction and Fantasy Short Film Festival , which takes place annually every winter at Seattle Cinerama Theater ." }, { "docid": "Family_entertainment_center", "title": "", "text": "A family entertainment center ( or centre ) , often abbreviated FEC in the entertainment industry , is a small amusement park marketed towards families with small children to teenagers , and often entirely indoors or associated with a larger operation such as a theme park . They usually cater to `` sub-regional markets of larger metropolitan areas . '' FECs are generally small compared to full-scale amusement parks , with fewer attractions , a lower per-person per-hour cost to consumers than a traditional amusement park , and not usually major tourist attractions , but sustained by an area customer base . Many are locally owned and operated , although there are a number of chains and franchises in the field . FECs are sometimes called family amusement centers , play zones , family fun centers , or simply fun centers . Some non-traditional FECs , called urban entertainment centers ( UECs ) , with more customized and branded attractions and retail outlets , are associated with major entertainment companies and may be tourist destinations . Others , sometimes operated by Non-Profit organizations as Children 's Museums or Science Centers , tend to be geared toward edutainment experiences rather than simply amusement . FECs may also be adjuncts to full-scale amusement parks ." }, { "docid": "International_Association_of_Amusement_Parks_and_Attractions", "title": "", "text": "The International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions , simply known as IAAPA , represents nearly 5,000 amusement industry members , located in 99 countries worldwide , and operates several popular global amusement industry trade shows . Its annual IAAPA Attractions Exposition , based in Orlando , Florida , is recognized as the world 's largest amusement trade show by both the number of attendees and exhibitors along with providing members insight into current amusement trends , laws , operational advise and industry methodology . The IAAPA also helps to promote both guest and ride safety guidelines standards , in conjunction with ASTM International , and assisting its members to uphold the highest amusement industry , safety and professional standards . IAAPA represents all styles of location-based entertainment facilities including amusement parks , theme parks , family entertainment centers , arcades , museums , water parks , aquariums , science centers , zoos and resorts . IAAPA also represents industry equipment manufacturers , distributors , operators , industry suppliers and service providers ." }, { "docid": "German_Museum_of_Technology", "title": "", "text": "Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin ( German Museum of Technology ) in Berlin , Germany is a museum of science and technology , and exhibits a large collection of historical technical artifacts . The museum 's main emphasis originally was on rail transport , but today it also features exhibits of various sorts of industrial technology . In 2003 , it opened both maritime and aviation exhibition halls in a newly built extension . The museum also contains a science center called Spectrum ." }, { "docid": "Heritage_science", "title": "", "text": "Heritage science is cross-disciplinary scientific research of cultural heritage . It encompasses research enabling access to cultural heritage , its conservation , interpretation and management . The term has become widely used after 2006 when it became increasingly evident that the more traditional terms conservation science or preservation science inadequately reflected the breadth of research into cultural heritage . Heritage scientists in museums , galleries , libraries , archives , universities and research institutions support conservation ( often called conservation science ) , access ( e.g. development of new ICT tools ) , interpretation , including archaeometry and archaeological science ( e.g. dating , provenancing , attribution ) , heritage management ( e.g. development of tools and knowledge supporting strategic or environmental management decisions ) and wider societal engagement with heritage ( e.g. heritage values and ethics ) . Heritage science is also an excellent vehicle for public engagement with science as well as heritage . Heritage science is seen as `` key to the long-term sustainability of heritage : it is about managing change and risk and maximising social , cultural and economic benefit not just today , but in such a way that we can pass on to future generations that which we have inherited . '' Domains of research , where heritage science makes a particular input were recognised to be museums , galleries , libraries and archives ; the built historic environment and archaeology , by the United Kingdom National Heritage Science Strategy documents ." }, { "docid": "Visvesvaraya_Industrial_and_Technological_Museum", "title": "", "text": "The Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum , ( VITM ) , Bangalore , India , a constituent unit of the National Council of Science Museums ( NCSM ) , Ministry of Culture , Government of India , was established in memory of Bharat Ratna Sir M Visvesvaraya . The building , with a built up area of , was constructed in Cubbon Park . It houses various scientific experiments and engines , and was opened by the first Prime Minister of India , Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru , on 14 July 1962 . The first gallery set up at VITM , on the theme of ` Electricity ' , was opened to the public on 27 July 1965 ." }, { "docid": "National_Museum_of_Scotland", "title": "", "text": "The National Museum of Scotland , Edinburgh , Scotland , was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland , with collections relating to Scottish antiquities , culture and history , and the adjacent Royal Museum ( so renamed in 1995 ) , with collections covering science and technology , natural history , and world cultures . The two connected buildings stand beside each other on Chambers Street , by the intersection with the George IV Bridge , in central Edinburgh . The museum is part of National Museums Scotland . Admission is free . The two buildings retain distinctive characters : the Museum of Scotland is housed in a modern building opened in 1998 , while the former Royal Museum building was begun in 1861 , and partially opened in 1866 , with a Victorian Romanesque Revival facade and a grand central hall of cast iron construction that rises the full height of the building . This building underwent a major refurbishment and reopened on 29 July 2011 after a three-year , # 47 million project to restore and extend the building led by Gareth Hoskins Architects along with the concurrent redesign of the exhibitions by Ralph Appelbaum Associates . The National Museum incorporates the collections of the former National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland , and the Royal Museum . As well as the national collections of Scottish archaeological finds and medieval objects , the museum contains artefacts from around the world , encompassing geology , archaeology , natural history , science , technology , art , and world cultures . The 16 new galleries reopened in 2011 include 8,000 objects , 80 per cent of which were not formerly on display . One of the more notable exhibits is the stuffed body of Dolly the sheep , the first successful clone of a mammal from an adult cell . Other highlights include Ancient Egyptian exhibitions , one of Elton John 's extravagant suits and a large kinetic sculpture named the Millennium Clock . A Scottish invention that is a perennial favourite with school parties is The Maiden , an early form of guillotine . In 2016 , the museum had 1.81 million visitors over the year , making it Scotland 's most popular visitor attraction during that period ." }, { "docid": "Norwegian_Museum_of_Science_and_Technology", "title": "", "text": "The Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology or Norwegian Museum of Science , Technology , Industry and Medicine ( Norsk Teknisk Museum ) is a science museum located in Oslo , Norway . The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage ." }, { "docid": "Korsvägen", "title": "", "text": "Korsvägen ( literary '' the cross road '' ) is a public square and transport hub in the events district of Gothenburg , Sweden . Many important event venues and visitor attractions are located on or near Korsvägen , including the Swedish Exhibition and Congress Centre and Gothia Towers hotel , the Universeum science centre , the Museum of World Culture , Scandinavium and the amusement park Liseberg . Major infrastructure work was carried out during the 1990s . Korsvägen is the hub of popular culture and events in Gothenburg in the same way as Götaplatsen is the cultural hub . Category : Squares in Gothenburg" }, { "docid": "Muharram_Museum", "title": "", "text": "Muharram museum is an anthropological museums in Tabriz , in the East Azerbaijan province , Iran . As it is known , anthropology is the study of people 's culture , hence Muharram ceremonies which are arisen from the heart of Shi'ite , involve the important fields of anthropological studies . Muharram ceremonies represent the quarrel of good and evil , oppressor and oppressed and the most important point they stand for Ashura . As a whole , it can be considered that the ceremonies held in Muharram all are symbolic . What are displayed at Muharram museum symbolize all the ceremonies and traditions of Muharrem in East Azerbaijan province . All are the elements of culture that strengthen the culture of the society . The signs and symbols are representing something beyond themselves , they could be abstract or natural but the signs , that considered here , are cultural signs . Sometimes the signs signify religious and mythological aspects relevant to the culture and the history of man . At Muharram museum symbols of Muharrem such as candles , lamps , cradles , various flags are displayed . The aim of establishing such a museum is displaying material attractions and symbols used on the month of Muharrem . Thebuilding of the museum is one of the old houses of Tabriz called Sehati 's house . The style of architecture shows that the building dates back to the end of Qajar era . The house covered an area of 409 sq. m in three floors . It has been registered under the number of 2336 in the list of national monuments of the country since 1999 ." }, { "docid": "World_Heritage_Maker", "title": "", "text": "World Heritage Maker ( WHM ) 1.0 is a rendering program for mobile applications using Augmented reality technology . It is developed by the Institute for Virtual Culture ( Bulgarian : Институт за виртуална култура -RSB- ) , a Bulgarian company based in Sofia , Bulgaria , established in 2013 . WHM is used in science and cultural presentation , entertainment and commercial industries such as high level scientific visualization , museums , galleries , print materials , open air cultural monuments , historical places , natural landscape , industrial design , product design , architecture and more . The company chief is Jordan Detev ." }, { "docid": "World_Museum", "title": "", "text": "`` World Museum Liverpool '' and `` Liverpool Museum '' redirect here . For the similarly named museum , see Museum of Liverpool . World Museum is a large museum in Liverpool , England which has extensive collections covering archaeology , ethnology and the natural and physical sciences . Special attractions include the Natural History Centre and a planetarium . Entry to the museum is free . The museum is part of National Museums Liverpool . The museum has recently undergone extensive refurbishment in order to double the size of the display spaces , making even more of the collections accessible for visitors . Major new galleries include World Cultures , the Bug House and the Weston Discovery Centre . A central entrance hall and six-storey atrium opened in 2005 . On reopening after this refurbishment and extension the museum 's name changed from its previous title of Liverpool Museum , which it had held since its establishment at its current William Brown Street site in 1860 ." } ]
155153	Carrie Fisher wrote a book.	[ { "docid": "Carrie_Fisher", "title": "", "text": "Carrie Frances Fisher ( October 21 , 1956 -- December 27 , 2016 ) was an American actress , writer and humorist who first became known for playing Princess Leia in the Star Wars film series . Her other film roles included Shampoo ( 1975 ) , The Blues Brothers ( 1980 ) , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) , The ` Burbs ( 1989 ) , and When Harry Met Sally ... ( 1989 ) . Fisher wrote several semi-autobiographical novels , including Postcards from the Edge and the screenplay for the film of the book , as well as an autobiographical one-woman play , and its non-fiction book , Wishful Drinking , based on the play . She worked on other writers ' screenplays as a script doctor . In later years , she earned praise for speaking publicly about her experiences with bipolar disorder and drug addiction . The daughter of the singer Eddie Fisher and actress Debbie Reynolds , Fisher and her mother appear in Bright Lights : Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds , a 2016 documentary about their relationship . It premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival . Fisher died of cardiac arrest on December 27 , 2016 , at age 60 , four days after experiencing a medical emergency during a transatlantic flight from London to Los Angeles . Her final film , Star Wars : The Last Jedi , is scheduled to be released on December 15 , 2017 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "The_Princess_Diarist", "title": "", "text": "The Princess Diarist is a 2016 memoir written by Carrie Fisher , based on diaries she kept as a young woman around the time she starred in the 1977 film Star Wars . The book is the third memoir Fisher wrote , in addition to four novels and a one-woman Broadway show . It is Fisher 's final book , as she died five weeks after its release on December 27 , 2016 . The book describes Fisher 's affair with co-star Harrison Ford in `` cringe-worthy '' , albeit educational , detail . At the time of the relationship , Ford was married with two children and in his early 30s ." }, { "docid": "Silent_No_More:_Victim_1's_Fight_for_Justice_Against_Jerry_Sandusky", "title": "", "text": "Silent No More : Victim 1 's Fight for Justice Against Jerry Sandusky is a 2012 book by Aaron Fisher , identified as `` Victim 1 '' in the Penn State child sex abuse scandal . Fisher is called `` Victim 1 '' because it was his reporting his abuse to high school officials that set off the investigation that led to Sandusky 's conviction . The book follows Fisher 's experience from the beginning of his relationship with Jerry Sandusky at The Second Mile through Sandusky 's conviction of 45 of 48 counts related to child sex abuse . Fisher 's psychologist , Michael Gillum was a co-author of the book , writing 21 of 30 chapters ; Fisher and his mother wrote the other 9 . Fisher said that he wrote the book with the hopes of encouraging all victims of abuse to come forward . Fisher revealed that he had contemplated suicide during the 3 year long investigation . The Patriot News reporter Sara Ganim , who won a 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting for her reporting on the Sandusky scandal , raised issues with the fact-checking quality of the book , which she described as '' -LSB- hitting -RSB- shelves just four months after Sandusky 's conviction , and it shows . '' Fisher sat for an interview with Christopher Cuomo on 20/20 shortly before the book was released ." }, { "docid": "Delusions_of_Grandma", "title": "", "text": "Delusions of Grandma is a novel by actress and author Carrie Fisher that was published in 1993 . Like most of Fisher 's books , this novel is semi-autobiographical and fictionalizes events seemingly from her real life ." }, { "docid": "M._F._K._Fisher", "title": "", "text": "Mary Frances Kennedy Fisher ( July 3 , 1908 -- June 22 , 1992 ) was a preeminent American food writer . She was also a founder of the Napa Valley Wine Library . She wrote some 27 books , including a translation of The Physiology of Taste by Brillat-Savarin . Two volumes of her journals and correspondence came out shortly before her death in 1992 . Her first book , Serve it Forth , was published in 1937 . Her books are an amalgam of food literature , travel and memoir . Fisher believed that eating well was just one of the `` arts of life '' and explored this in her writing . W. H. Auden once remarked , `` I do not know of anyone in the United States who writes better prose . ''" }, { "docid": "Wishful_Drinking", "title": "", "text": "Wishful Drinking is an autobiographical humor book by American actress and author Carrie Fisher , published by Simon & Schuster in 2008 . Fisher 's book was based on her one-woman stage show , which she developed with writer/director Joshua Ravetch . The show debuted at The Geffen Playhouse with Ravetch directing . It enjoyed a successful Broadway run and then toured in other cities . In 2010 , HBO filmed a feature-length documentary of the stage play ." }, { "docid": "Alexander_Fisher_(painter)", "title": "", "text": "Alexander Fisher ( 1864 -- 1936 ) , was an English silversmith and painter active in the Arts and Crafts movement in London . He was a teacher at the Slade School of Art and wrote a book about enameling and the article on `` Enamel '' for the Encyclopædia Britannica ." }, { "docid": "Leonard_Everett_Fisher", "title": "", "text": "Leonard Everett Fisher ( born June 24 , 1924 ) is an American artist known best for children 's books . Since 1955 he has illustrated about 250 books for younger readers including about 88 that he also wrote . Fisher was born in the Bronx borough of New York City in 1924 . Raised in the Sea Gate section of Brooklyn , he began his formal art training with his Brooklyn-born father , Benjamin M. Fisher , a designer of naval vessels , who contributed to the construction of Simon Lake submarines in Bridgeport , Connecticut , and such US Navy fighting ships as the USS Arizona , USS Honolulu , and the USS North Carolina . Between 1932 and 1942 , Leonard Everett Fisher continued his training at the Heckscher Foundation ( NY ) , with Moses and Raphael Soyer ( NY ) , with Reginald Marsh at the Art Students League of New York , and Serge Chermayeff at Brooklyn College . He is a graduate of Yale University ( 1949 , MFA 1950 ) ." }, { "docid": "The_Best_Awful_There_Is", "title": "", "text": "The Best Awful There Is ( retitled the The Best Awful as a paperback ) , is a 2004 novel by actress and author Carrie Fisher published in 2004 . It is a sequel to her debut novel Postcards from the Edge . Like most of Fisher 's books , this novel is semi-autobiographical and fictionalizes events from her real life . The book features the protagonist character Suzanne Vale that first appeared in Postcards from the Edge . The book fictionalizes the author 's relationship with Bryan Lourd , the father of her daughter Billie Lourd . The Best Awful There Is was later published with the shorter title The Best Awful and is now largely known by this title ." }, { "docid": "Shockaholic", "title": "", "text": "Shockaholic is a 2011 book by Carrie Fisher ." }, { "docid": "Daisy_Fisher", "title": "", "text": "Daisy Fisher , born Daisy Gertrude Fisher ; ( 1888 -- 1967 ) was an English novelist and playwright . She was the writer of several romantic novels , a lyricist , scriptwriter , actress and singer . In the 1920s she wrote the lyrics for some of Eric Coates ' compositions . In 1926 she published her first book Lavender Ladies A Comedy in Three Acts followed by more in the 1930s . Fisher authored some plays with the song writer Harold Simpson , Ronald Jeans and Clifford Seyler . She was the wife of Herbert Mason the film director and producer who previously acted on stage ( including several productions at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre ) . After the Second World War they worked together on some plays ." }, { "docid": "The_Lady_Tasting_Tea", "title": "", "text": "The Lady Tasting Tea : How Statistics Revolutionized Science in the Twentieth Century ( ISBN 0-8050-7134-2 ) is a book by David Salsburg about the history of modern statistics and the role it played in the development of science and industry . The title comes from the `` lady tasting tea '' , an example from the famous book , The Design of Experiments , by Ronald A. Fisher . Regarding Fisher 's example , the statistician Debabrata Basu wrote that `` the famous case of the ` lady tasting tea ' '' was `` one of the two supporting pillars -LSB- ... -RSB- of the randomization analysis of experimental data '' ." }, { "docid": "Hollywood_Moms", "title": "", "text": "Hollywood Moms is a 2001 photo-book by Joyce Ostin with an introduction written by Carrie Fisher ." }, { "docid": "Bright_Lights:_Starring_Carrie_Fisher_and_Debbie_Reynolds", "title": "", "text": "Bright Lights : Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds ( on-screen title is simply Bright Lights ) is a 2016 documentary about the relationship between entertainer Debbie Reynolds ( in her final film appearance ) and her actress/daughter Carrie Fisher . It premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival and on January 7 , 2017 on HBO . A few weeks before the film 's premiere broadcast , both Fisher and Reynolds died . On December 23 , Fisher went into cardiac arrest and succumbed four days later , while Reynolds had a severe stroke from which she died on the following day , December 28 ." }, { "docid": "Surrender_the_Pink", "title": "", "text": "Surrender the Pink is a romance novel by actress and author Carrie Fisher that was published in 1990 . The title term , surrender the pink , is a colloquialism pertaining to male sexual advances to a female . It comes from the phrase , `` They 're all pink on the inside . '' This novel , like most of Fisher 's books , is semi-autobiographical and fictionalizes events from her real life . It is said to be loosely based on her short marriage to singer Paul Simon ." }, { "docid": "Other_Losses", "title": "", "text": "Other Losses is a 1989 book by Canadian writer James Bacque , in which Bacque alleges that U.S. General Dwight Eisenhower intentionally caused the deaths by starvation or exposure of around a million German prisoners of war held in Western internment camps briefly after the Second World War . Other Losses charges that hundreds of thousands of German prisoners that had fled the Eastern front were designated as `` Disarmed Enemy Forces '' in order to avoid recognition under the third Geneva Convention , for the purpose of carrying out their deaths through disease or slow starvation . Other Losses cites documents in the U.S. National Archives and interviews with people who stated they witnessed the events . The book claims that there was a `` method of genocide '' in the banning of Red Cross inspectors , the returning of food aid , the policy regarding shelter building , and soldier ration policy . Stephen Ambrose , a historian Eisenhower had enlisted in his efforts to preserve his legacy and counteract criticisms of his presidency , and seven other historians examined the book soon after its publication , and came to the conclusion that it was inaccurate and the product of conspiracy theory . Other historians , including the former senior historian of the United States Army Center of Military History , Colonel Ernest F. Fisher , who was involved in the 1945 investigations into the allegations of misconduct by U.S. troops in Germany and who wrote the book 's foreword , argues that the claims are accurate ." }, { "docid": "Andrew_Fisher_(Scrabble)", "title": "", "text": "Andrew Fisher is an international Scrabble player who represented England in international competition but now lives in and represents Australia having emigrated in 2002 . He was the World Scrabble Championship 2011 runner-up , the UK National Scrabble Champion in 1996 and the Australian National Scrabble Champion in 2006 , 2009 and 2012 . He co-wrote a book called How to Win at Scrabble with David Webb , and was the champion of series one of Letters and Numbers . He is a chartered accountant by profession ." }, { "docid": "Howard_Loxton", "title": "", "text": "Howard Loxton is a British theatre critic and writer , was born in Birmingham , England in 1934 . Loxton supervises the annual Theatre Book Prize , for the Society of Theatre Research . This is a position to which he brings the experience gleaned during a career as an actor ( on stage and television ) , stage manager ( of the English Opera group , for instance ) and author of several books on the theatre , as well as the fruits of an MA in modern drama . Loxton is the author of about fifty books , predominantly books on the stage , history and natural history . He co-founded a journal about television , called Viewpoint , and worked as a free-ance journalist , having interviews published in The Guardian and other media outlets . He has also worked as an editor for several publishers , including Paul Hamlyn and Jonathan Cape . An incomplete listing of the books Loxton wrote or co-wrote includes : Shakespeare country , 2000 The Golden Age of the Circus , 1997 Theatre , 1989 Shakespeare 's Theatre , 1994 The Murder of Thomas Becket , 1971 The battle of Agincourt ,1968 Christmas , 1992 The assassination of President Kennedy . ( with Michael Rand and Len Deighton ) , 1967 Railways , 1963 Westminster Abbey , ( with Lawrence Edward Tanner and Nicholas H. MacMichael ) , 1971 Mazes and Labyrinths , ( with Adrian Fisher ) ,2000 Garden : Celebration , 1991 Encyclopedia of Saints , 1996 Pilgrimage to Canterbury , 1978 The art of angels , 1995 Secrets of the Maze : An Interactive Guide to the World 's Most Amazing Mazes ( with Adrian Fisher , ) , 2008 Loxton is also the author of many books of natural history , including books about dogs , birds , horses , and here are some of the cat books he wrote . The beauty of cats , 1972 Beautiful cats , 1980 The beauty of big cats , 1973 A Superguide to Cats , 1989 Guide to Cats of the World , 1977 Caring for Your Cat , 1989 The cat repair handbook : the practical guide to feline health care , 1985 Noble Cat : Aristocrat of the Animal World , 2000 Encyclopedia of the cat , ( with Angela Rixon ) 2002 Guide to Cats of the World ,1991 In search of cats , 1976 Spotter 's guide to cats , 2001 Cats and Kittens , 1984 Cats : An Exeter Leisure Guide , 1981 99 lives : cats in history , legend , and literature , 1999 Loxton 's books have been translated into German , French , and Italian . Howard Loxton is currently a theatre critic for The British Theatre Guide ." }, { "docid": "Thomas_Fisher_(Upper_Canada)", "title": "", "text": "Thomas Fisher ( 1792-1874 ) is a road builder , land developer , Squire , and Etobicoke Township pioneer . He immigrated from Yorkshire settled along the Humber River in 1822 and became a successful merchant-miller . Fisher is the namesake of Thomas Fisher Rare Books Library . The Department of Rare Books and Special Collections and the University Archives did n't have a permanent home until 1973 when the Thomas Fisher Rare Book library was opened . Great-grandsons , Sidney and Charles Fisher , donated to the library their own collections of Shakespeare , various twentieth-century authors , and etchings of Wenceslaus Hollar . Fisher was an inductee into the Etobicoke Hall of Fame , 1974 . Category : People from Etobicoke Category :1792 births Category :1874 deaths" }, { "docid": "Thelma_and_Corydon_Bell", "title": "", "text": "Thelma Harrington Bell ( July 3 , 1896 -- May 1985 ) and Corydon Whitten Bell ( July 16 , 1894 -- June 1980 ) were American authors from the state of North Carolina . As a husband and wife team , they wrote and illustrated a number of children 's books , many set in North Carolina . In 1961 Thelma Bell received the Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children 's Book Award for Captain Ghost , and several of the Bells ' books have been Junior Literary Guild selections . Corydon Bell also did illustrations for magazines and books by other writers . As well as children 's novels , they produced some children 's science books on weather and time ." }, { "docid": "Jonathan_Fisher_(barrister)", "title": "", "text": "Jonathan Fisher QC is a London barrister specialising in corporate and financial crime , proceeds of crime , and tax cases He is also a Visiting Professor at the London School of Economics . In May 2011 , Fisher was appointed a Commissioner on the Bill of Rights Commission established by the Coalition Government to investigate the case for a UK Bill of Rights . In 2006 , Fisher was elected Chairman of Research of the Society of Conservative Lawyers . He held the post for four years and was included as No 62 in Conservative Home 's Search for 100 -RCB- eers . In July of the same year , Fisher joined the tax litigation and regulatory team at the London office of Scottish firm McGrigors with plans to requalify as a solicitor , but quit the firm six months later , returning to his work as a barrister . In 2004 , the Society of Conservative Lawyers published Fisher 's pamphlet on `` Why Intercept Evidence Should Be Admissible in Criminal Proceedings '' . In 2006 Fisher wrote a pamphlet for the Conservative Liberty Forum entitled `` A British Bill of Rights and Obligations '' and more recently , in 2012 , he wrote a paper entitled `` Rescuing Human Rights '' , which was published by the Henry Jackson Society ." }, { "docid": "The_Tale_of_Mr._Jeremy_Fisher", "title": "", "text": "The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher is a children 's book , written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter . It was published by Frederick Warne & Co. in July 1906 . Jeremy 's origin lies in a letter she wrote to a child in 1893 . She revised it in 1906 , and moved its setting from the River Tay to the English Lake District . The tale reflects her love for the Lake District and her admiration for children 's illustrator Randolph Caldecott . Jeremy Fisher is a frog who lives in a `` slippy-sloppy '' house at the edge of a pond . One rainy day he collects worms for fishing , and sets off across the pond on his lily-pad boat . He plans to invite his friends for dinner if he catches more than five minnows . He encounters all sorts of setbacks to his goal , and escapes a large trout who tries to swallow him . He swims for shore , decides he will not go fishing again , and hops home . Potter 's tale pays homage to the leisurely summers her father and his companions passed sport fishing at rented country estates in Scotland . Following the tale 's publication , a child fan wrote Potter suggesting Jeremy find a wife . Potter responded with a series of miniature letters on the theme as if from Jeremy and his pals . After Potter 's death in 1943 , licences were issued to various firms to produce the Potter characters . Jeremy and his friends were released as porcelain figurines , plush toys , and other merchandise ." }, { "docid": "Joe_Palooka", "title": "", "text": "Joe Palooka was an American comic strip about a heavyweight boxing champion , created by cartoonist Ham Fisher in 1921 . The strip debuted in 1930 and was carried at its peak by 900 newspapers . The strip was adapted to a short-lived 15-minute CBS radio series , 12 feature-length films ( chiefly from Monogram Pictures ) , nine Vitaphone film shorts , a 1954 syndicated television series ( The Joe Palooka Story ) , comic books and merchandise , including a 1940s board game , a 1947 New Haven Clock & Watch Company wristwatch , a 1948 metal lunchbox featuring depictions of Joe , Humphrey and Little Max , and a 1946 Wheaties cereal box cut-out mask . In 1980 , a mountain in Pennsylvania was named for the character . In his home town of Wilkes-Barre , Pennsylvania , Fisher devised the character in 1921 after he met a boxer , Pete Latzo , outside a poolroom . As Fisher explained in an article in Collier 's : Here , made to order , was the comic strip character I had been looking for -- a big , good-natured prize fighter who did n't like to fight ; a defender of little guys ; a gentle knight . I ran back to the office , drew a set of strips and rushed to the newspaper syndicates . Many rejections followed before Fisher 's strip was finally syndicated by the McNaught Syndicate after Fisher , while employed as a McNaught salesman , sold it to over 20 newspapers . It debuted April 19 , 1930 , and by 1948 , it was ranked as one of the five most popular newspaper comic strips ." }, { "docid": "Eddie_Fisher_(singer)", "title": "", "text": "Edwin John `` Eddie '' Fisher ( August 10 , 1928 -- September 22 , 2010 ) was an American singer and actor . He was the most successful pop singles artist during the first half of the 1950s , selling millions of records and hosting his own TV show . Fisher divorced his first wife , actress Debbie Reynolds , to marry Reynolds ' best friend , actress Elizabeth Taylor , after Taylor 's husband , film producer Mike Todd , was killed in a plane crash . The scandalous affair was widely reported , bringing unfavorable publicity to Fisher . He later married Connie Stevens . Fisher fathered Carrie Fisher and Todd Fisher with Reynolds , and Joely Fisher and Tricia Leigh Fisher with Stevens ." }, { "docid": "Hockey:_Canada's_Royal_Winter_Game", "title": "", "text": "Hockey : Canada 's Royal Winter Game , by Arthur Farrell , is the first book written on ice hockey , in 1899 . Farrell , a professional player , won the Stanley Cup with the Montreal Shamrocks of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League ( CAHL ) in 1899 and 1900 . He wrote the book in the middle of his career , in response to demand . He stated in the introduction his work was borne out of `` the necessity of a book on hockey '' . The book , 122 pages long , is less of an overall discussion of the sport but more of hand-book , with approximately a third of the book devoted to the `` Science of Hockey '' . The chapter describes general strategy of the game , and features in-depth commentary on the position by the star players of the day . The book gives a brief history of the sport , describes the benefits of playing it , and gives advice to players in a context independent to strategy and practices pertaining to the team as a whole . The last chapter gives three sets of rules for ice hockey ; it uses CAHL rules for Quebec , Ontario Hockey Association ( OHA ) rules for Ontario , and Amateur Hockey League of New York rules for the US . Within the chapters of the book are placed photographs and short articles on the leading teams of the era . Presently , only four copies are known to exist . One copy was digitised and restored by Library and Archives Canada ( LAC ) . This copy was originally in the possession of Dr. J.M.F. Malone , team doctor for the Trois-Rivières Reds , before it was passed down to his son , Brian Malone , who then gave the book to Red Fisher , a noted hockey columnist , on the condition that the book be available for research by hockey historians . Fisher loaned the book to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper , who has an interest in the history of ice hockey . Harper gave the book to the LAC for restoration work in 2006 . Following the LAC 's work , the book was donated to Concordia University , and it is now kept in their archives ." }, { "docid": "Darwin_Teilhet", "title": "", "text": "Darwin LeOra Teilhet ( May 20 , 1904 -- April 18 , 1964 ) was an American mystery novelist , advertising executive , journalist and a film screenwriter and consultant . Teilhet was born in Wyanet . As a teenager , he traveled in France and worked as a juggler in a circus there . Teilhet was an intelligence officer in the United Kingdom and the US during World War II . He became executive assistant to the president of Dole Pineapple in Hawaii . Teilhet taught journalism classes at Stanford University , and worked as a screenwriter and consultant for various film producers . Teilhet created his main detective protagonist , Baron von Kaz , a Viennese , at the instigation of James Poling of Doubleday Books . He wrote some of his mystery novels with his wife , Hildegarde Tolman Teilhet ( November 22 , 1905 -- January 24 , 1999 ) . Novels were published by Darwin Teilhet , Darwin L. Teilhet , Darwin and Hildegarde Teilhet or his pseudonyms , Cyrus Fisher ( juvenile fiction ) , William H Fielding and Theo Durant . Teilhet was a Newbery Honor award winner for his Cyrus Fisher novel , `` The Avion My Uncle Flew '' . Teilhet choose the pseudonym `` Cyrus Fisher '' as a tribute to his late father-in-law , Cyrus Fisher Tolman ( 1873 -- 1942 ) , Professor Emeritus of Economic Geology at Stanford University . There is a `` Cyrus Fisher Tolman Professor in the School of Earth Sciences '' professorship named in his honor , at the Woods Institute for the Environment , Stanford University . Teilhet died in Palo Alto , California . He and his wife are buried together in Golden Gate National Cemetery ." }, { "docid": "Mary_Jo_Buttafuoco", "title": "", "text": "Mary Jo Buttafuoco ( born May 15 , 1955 ) is an American author , motivational speaker , and ex-wife of Joey Buttafuoco . She was shot at her Nassau County , New York home in 1992 by Amy Fisher , a teenager who was having an affair with her husband . She survived the incident and eventually wrote a book about it ." }, { "docid": "Walton_Hannah", "title": "", "text": "Walton Thompson Hannah ( 1912 , Sussex -- February 1966 ) was an Anglican clergyman who converted to Roman Catholicism and who wrote the book Darkness Visible . In January 1951 Hannah wrote an article `` Should a Christian be a Freemason ? '' in Theology , a magazine produced by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge . This was controversial , as both the King and Geoffrey Fisher , the Archbishop of Canterbury , were Freemasons , as were many Anglican clerics . The Church of England Assembly discussed the subject in June 1951 , although there was no substantive conclusion . Darkness Visible was published in 1952 . He later published Christian by Degrees , left England for Canada and became a Roman Catholic priest ." }, { "docid": "Albert_Kenrick_Fisher", "title": "", "text": "Albert Kenrick Fisher ( 21 March 1856 -- 12 June 1948 ) was an American ornithologist , known for his 1893 book The Hawks and Owls of the United States in Their Relation to Agriculture . Fisher was born in Sing Sing , New York ( now Ossining ) , where he graduated from Holbrook 's Military High School ; in 1879 he graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York . He practiced medicine in Sing Sing until 1885 . In 1883 he was a founding member of the American Ornithologists ' Union . To study the role of birds in controlling insect pests , the U. S. Commissioner of Agriculture in July 1885 appointed C. Hart Merriam to create a Branch of Economic Ornithology in the U.S.D.A. Division of Entomology ; Merriam hired Fisher to help establish this new Branch . In 1886 the Branch was elevated to Division status and named the `` Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy '' . The goal of the Division was to perform food-habit studies of wildlife and to educate farmers about the usefulness to farmers of some birds and mammals among wildlife . In 1896 the Division was granted independent status with expanded duties as a new Division and named the `` Division of Biological Survey . '' A U.S. Congressional Act of 3 March 1905 enabled the creation on 1 July 1905 of a separate Bureau of Biological Survey . Fisher worked for the Bureau from its inception until his retirement in 1931 . Fisher participated in the Death Valley Expedition in 1891 , the Harriman Alaska Expedition in 1899 , and the Pinchot South Seas Expedition in 1929 . Many bird skins collected by Fisher on these 3 expeditions are now in the National Museum of Natural History . He was the president of the American Ornithologists ' Union in 1914 -- 1917 . He wrote 150 papers on ornithology or other zoological subjects with a few obituaries . A list of his papers , complete to 21 March 1926 , was published in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . Fisher had a wife and two sons and two daughters . He played an important role in conservation movements and was a personal friend of several famous conservationists , including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt . He died in Washington , D.C. , aged 92 ." }, { "docid": "Fisher_Covered_Railroad_Bridge", "title": "", "text": "The Fisher Covered Railroad Bridge is a covered bridge in Wolcott , Vermont . Built in 1908 , it originally carried the St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad over the Lamoille River . Now closed , it was the last covered bridge in Vermont to carry railroad traffic , and is a rare surviving example in the state of a double Town lattice truss . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 ." }, { "docid": "Gideon_Fisher", "title": "", "text": "Gideon Fisher ( b. August 1965 ) is an Israeli Lawyer and public figure . He is the founder of the Fisher Foundation for Holocaust Survivors . He also is head of The Israeli National Parents Association ( INPA ) , Chairman of the Israeli International Arbitration Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce and was head of the Women 's International Zionist Organization ( Wizo ) fundraising organization until 2012 . Fisher is a lawyer and heads a law firm that carries his name ." } ]
97805	Anil Kapoor has never been a producer.	[ { "docid": "Anil_Kapoor", "title": "", "text": "Anil Kapoor ( born 24 December 1956 ) is an Indian actor and producer who has appeared in many Bollywood films , as well as international films and television series . His career has spanned almost 40 years as an actor , and as a producer since 2005 . He has won many awards in his career , including two National Film Awards and six Filmfare Awards in different acting categories . Kapoor made his Hindi film cameo appearance with Umesh Mehra 's Hamare Tumhare ( 1979 ) in a small role . He made his first debut film and then starred as a lead actor in the 1980 Telugu film , Vamsa Vruksham directed by Bapu . He then made his Kannada film debut with Mani Ratnam 's Pallavi Anu Pallavi ( 1983 ) . He received his first Filmfare Award , in the Best Supporting Actor category , for his role in Yash Chopra 's Mashaal ( 1984 ) . Kapoor earned his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in N. Chandra 's Tezaab ( 1988 ) and later again for his performance in Indra Kumar 's Beta ( 1992 ) . He has also starred in many other critically and commercially successful films : Meri Jung ( 1985 ) ; Karma ( 1986 ) ; Mr. India ( 1987 ) ; Virasat ( 1997 ) , for which he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor ; Taal ( 1999 ) , for which he won his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award ; Pukar ( 2000 ) , for which he won a National Film Award for Best Actor ; No Entry ( 2005 ) ; Dil Dhadakne Do ( 2015 ) for which he won his third Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award . Kapoor 's first role in an international film was in Danny Boyle 's Academy Award-winning film Slumdog Millionaire , for which he shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . His performance in the eighth season of the action series 24 generated rave reviews from the American press . Globally , Kapoor is one of the most recognised Indian actors ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Boney_Kapoor", "title": "", "text": "Boney Kapoor ( born Achal Kapoor on 11 November 1953 ) is an Indian film producer who has produced numerous Bollywood films like , Mr. India , No Entry , Judaai and Wanted to his credit . He is the elder brother of actors Anil Kapoor and Sanjay Kapoor and father of popular actor Arjun Kapoor ." }, { "docid": "Rhea_Kapoor", "title": "", "text": "Rhea Kapoor is an Indian film producer . The younger daughter of actor Anil Kapoor and his wife Sunita , she is the sister of actors Sonam Kapoor and Harshvardhan Kapoor , granddaughter of filmmaker Surinder Kapoor , niece of filmmaker Boney Kapoor and his wives , producer Mona Shourie Kapoor and actress Sridevi , and actor Sanjay Kapoor . Her cousins are actors Arjun Kapoor and Mohit Marwah . She produced Rajshree Ojha 's film Aisha , which starred her sister Sonam and Abhay Deol in leading roles . She has also produced Khoobsurat , directed by Shashanka Ghosh , which is an official remake of Hrishikesh Mukherjee directed film by the same name . Kapoor will be producing Battle for Bittora in 2017 . The film is currently in its pre-production stage ." }, { "docid": "Anil_Kapoor_filmography", "title": "", "text": "Anil Kapoor is an Indian actor and producer ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Anil_Kapoor", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of awards and nominations received by Anil Kapoor , an Indian Punjabi actor . Anil Kapoor ( born 24 December 1956 ) is an Indian actor and producer who has appeared in many Bollywood films and more recently international films . Kapoor 's career has spanned for over 30 years as an actor , he turned into producer with his critically acclaimed movie namely Gandhi , My Father . His first role as a lead actor was in the Tollywood Telugu film Vamsa Vruksham ( 1980 ) . He won his first Filmfare Award , in the Best Supporting Actor category , for his role in Yash Chopra 's Mashaal ( 1984 ) . Kapoor earned his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in N. Chandra 's Tezaab ( 1988 ) and later again for his performance in Indra Kumar 's Beta ( 1992 ) . He also starred in many other critically and commercially successful films , including Woh Saat Din ( 1983 ) , Meri Jung ( 1985 ) , Janbaaz ( 1986 ) , Karma ( 1986 ) , Mr. India ( 1987 ) , Virasat ( 1997 ) for which he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor , Biwi No. 1 ( 1999 ) , Taal ( 1999 ) for which he won his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award , Pukar ( 2000 ) for which he won a National Film Award for Best Actor as well as No Entry ( 2005 ) , Welcome ( 2007 ) , Race ( 2008 ) and Race 2 ( 2013 ) . He also received another Filmfare award for ` Best Supporting Actor ' role for Dil Dhadakne Do , a movie released in 2015 . Having done so , Kapoor has thus established himself as one of the most successful actors of Hindi cinema ." }, { "docid": "Harshvardhan_Kapoor", "title": "", "text": "Harshvardhan Kapooor in an Indian actor . He is son of actor Anil Kapoor and Sunita kapoor . He is sibling of actress Sonam Kapoor and producer Rhea Kapoor" }, { "docid": "Mashaal", "title": "", "text": "Mashaal is a 1984 Bollywood film . Produced and directed by Yash Chopra , it starred Dilip Kumar , Anil Kapoor , Waheeda Rehman , Rati Agnihotri , Nilu Phule , Iftekhar , Saeed Jaffery , Gulshan Grover , Alok Nath , Madan Puri and Amrish Puri . The role played by Anil Kapoor was first offered to Amitabh Bachchan and then to Kamal Haasan , but after they declined the offer , the role went to Anil Kapoor . Vinod Kumar ( Dilip Kumar ) plays a respected , law-abiding citizen who turns to crime for exacting revenge . The movie was based on the well-known Marathi play Ashroonchi Zhali Phule written by famous Marathi writer Vasant Kanetkar ." }, { "docid": "Ram-Avtar", "title": "", "text": "Ram-Avtar is a 1988 movie starting Sunny Deol , Anil Kapoor , Sridevi and Shakti Kapoor . It was directed by Sunil Hingorani , written by Khalid , and produced by Sunil Hingorani . It is a remake of the Vyjayanthimala , Raj Kapoor and Rajendra Kumar starrer Sangam Anil Kapoor ... Avtar Sunny Deol ... Ram Sridevi ... Sangeeta ` Shano ' Shakti Kapoor ... Gundappa Swami Bharat Bhushan ... Ram 's Grandfather Subbiraj ... Sangeeta 's Father Yunus Parvez ... Sangeeta 's Accountant Dinesh Hingoo ... Gangiya Master Vikas ... Young Avtar Master Keval Shah ... Young Ram Subiraj ... Sangeeta 's Father Manek Irani ... Markoni" }, { "docid": "Woh_Saat_Din", "title": "", "text": "Woh Saat Din , or Woh 7 Din , is a 1983 Hindi film directed by Bapu . Produced by Surinder Kapoor , it stars his son Anil Kapoor along with Padmini Kolhapure and Naseeruddin Shah . It was Anil Kapoor 's first lead role . The film is a remake of the 1981 Tamil film Andha 7 Naatkal , which was directed by K. Bhagyaraj . Director Bapu remade the film in Telugu first and then in Hindi . The music was done by Laxmikant Pyarelal while Anand Bakshi wrote the lyrics ." }, { "docid": "Surinder_Kapoor", "title": "", "text": "Surinder Kapoor ( 23 December 1925 -- 24 September 2011 ) was an Indian film producer . He produced Bollywood films and also served as President of the Film & Television Producers Guild of India from 1995 to 2001 . He was born in Peshawar , British India ( in present-day Pakistan ) . Surinder Kapoor belonged to a minority Hindu family from Peshawar . Prithviraj Kapoor , the famous Bollywood actor and a cousin , is the one who invited Surinder Kapoor to Bombay to join the Hindi Film Industry . He started his film career as a secretary to Hindi film star of the 1950s Geeta Bali . The Dada Saheb Phalke Academy honoured him with the Shri L V Prasad Phalke award in 2009 . When asked in an interview , how he established S.K.International Films , he quoted in an interview `` Rajesh Khanna who played the title-role in Shehzada was truly of a princely disposition . He started shooting for me without ever discussing the price , saying that we could settle that once the film is made , he said and made banner S. K. International Films became an acknowledged company . '' His first successful film in Hindi as a producer was Shehzada directed by K. Shankar which was a remake of Tamil film Idhu Sathiyam ( 1963 ) . However , Surinder 's subsequent release Phool Khile Hain Gulshan Gulshan ( film ) and Bikash Rao were flops , due to which he went into huge debts . Later as a producer in 1980 's he made good money with his productions , which were remakes of Tamil or Telugu films like Hum Paanch , Woh Saat Din , Loafer , Judaai , Sirf Tum , Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai , Pukar , No Entry - all of them starring his son Anil Kapoor in the lead . He died after suffering a cardiac arrest on 24 September 2011 . His three sons , Boney , Anil and Sanjay , are also involved in the film industry . Anil Kapoor is a successful Bollywood actor . His daughter-in-law Sridevi is a famous Bollywood actress . His daughter , Reena , is married to Sandeep Marwah of Marwah Films & Video Studios . Boney is a well known and a famous director and Sanjay acted in several movies ." }, { "docid": "Judaai_(1997_film)", "title": "", "text": "Judaai ( `` Separation '' ) is a 1997 Bollywood drama film , produced by Surinder Kapoor and directed by Raj Kanwar . It features Anil Kapoor , Sridevi and Urmila Matondkar in leading roles ; and Kader Khan , Farida Jalal , Johnny Lever , Paresh Rawal , Upasana Singh and Saeed Jaffrey in supporting roles ; while Poonam Dhillon makes a special appearance . The film was a remake of 1994 Telugu film Shubhalagnam . The film itself was remade into a television series , Main Lakshmi Tere Aangan Ki . The song ` pyaar vyaar karte karte ' was picturized on Anil Kapoor , Sridevi and Urmila in Las Vegas . ." }, { "docid": "Shortkut", "title": "", "text": "Shortkut ( also known as Short Kut : The Con Is On ) is a 2009 Bollywood comedy film directed by Neeraj Vora and produced by Anil Kapoor under Anil Kapoor Films Company . The film stars Akshaye Khanna , Arshad Warsi and Amrita Rao in lead roles . It released on 10 July 2009 worldwide to mostly negative reviews from critics . The film was an uncredited remake of the blockbuster Malayalam film Udayananu Tharam starring Mohanlal ." }, { "docid": "Vijay_(1988_film)", "title": "", "text": "Vijay ( Victory ) is a 1988 Bollywood action film directed by Yash Chopra and featuring an ensemble star cast consisting of Rajesh Khanna , Hema Malini , Rishi Kapoor , Anil Kapoor , Meenakshi Seshadri , Raj Babbar , Moushmi Chatterjee and Anupam Kher in pivotal roles . Anupam Kher won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for his performance . The role played by Anil Kapoor was written originally for Mithun Chakraborty . The plot of the film was inspired by Chopra 's previous film Trishul . This was the last action film Yash Chopra directed and the last action film produced under Yash Raj Films for 16 years until Dhoom released in 2004 ." }, { "docid": "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor", "title": "", "text": "The Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor is given by Filmfare as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films , to recognise a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role . Although the awards started in 1954 , awards for the best supporting actor category started only the following year 1955 . As of 2016 , Pran , Amrish Puri , Amitabh Bachchan , Abhishek Bachchan and Anil Kapoor lead the list , with three wins each . Anil Kapoor currently also holds the record of being the youngest ( Mashaal , 1985 ) recipient of the award , whereas Rishi Kapoor holds the record for being the eldest ( Kapoor & Sons , 2017 ) ." }, { "docid": "Hum_Paanch_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Hum Paanch ( Us Five ) is a 1980 Hindi language film directed by Bapu and produced by Boney Kapoor . The film features a huge all-star cast including Sanjeev Kumar , Shabana Azmi , Mithun Chakraborty , Nasiruddin Shah , Raj Babbar , Gulshan Grover and Amrish Puri . A young Anil Kapoor who is producer Boney Kapoor 's brother has a cameo appearance . This film is a remake of 1978 Kannada film Paduvaaralli Pandavaru , directed by renowned director Puttanna Kanagal . The film was distributed by noted distributor R. N. Mandre . And also remade in Telugu as Mana Voori Pandavulu ( 1978 ) . The movie was an adaptation of the Mahabharata , fit to a rural scenario with some hints to the various clashes between the Pandavas and the Kauravas and to the characters in the epic ." }, { "docid": "Musafir_(2004_film)", "title": "", "text": "Musafir ( translation : Traveller ) is a 2004 Hindi thriller film , directed and produced by Sanjay Gupta starring Anil Kapoor , Aditya Pancholi , Sameera Reddy and Sanjay Dutt in the lead roles and introducing Koena Mitra . The film was controversial because of some sensual scenes , including kissing , between Kapoor and Reddy . The film has been described as `` a take-off on '' Oliver Stone 's 1997 thriller , U Turn . At the box office the film opened to almost near housefull collections of 80 % -100 percent all over India but witnessed a steep fall by the end of its first week of release and was eventually given an average verdict at the box office due to its high production costs settling as the eighth highest grossing Hindi film of the year ." }, { "docid": "Saawariya", "title": "", "text": "Saawariya ( English : My Love ) is a 2007 Indian romance film produced and directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali . The film is based on Fyodor Dostoevsky 's short story `` White Nights '' . Co-produced by Sony Pictures Entertainment and released on 9 November 2007 , it is the first Bollywood movie to receive a North American release by a Hollywood studio , Additionally , it is one of the first Bollywood films to be released on Blu-ray Disc . The film marks the debut of both the lead actors ; Ranbir Kapoor son of actors Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh , and Sonam Kapoor , daughter of actor Anil Kapoor ." }, { "docid": "Khoobsurat_(2014_film)", "title": "", "text": "Khoobsurat ( English : Beautiful ) is a 2014 Indian comedy-drama film . The film is directed by Shashanka Ghosh and produced by Rhea Kapoor , Anil Kapoor and Siddharth Roy Kapur . It stars Fawad Khan , Sonam Kapoor , Kirron Kher , Ratna Pathak and Aamir Raza Hussain in lead roles . The film is loosely based on the 1980 film of the same name ." }, { "docid": "Oru_Thayin_Sabhatham", "title": "", "text": "Oru Thayin Sabhatham ( English : A mother 's oath ) is a Tamil film written , directed , composed and produced by T. Rajendar . Rajender himself appeared in the title role with Srividya , whilst the film featured an extensive cast , which also featured Rajendar 's son Silambarasan , along with a bevy of supporting actors . The film released on 14 April 1987 . It is the remake of the Bollywood 1985 Hindi film Meri Jung which starred Anil Kapoor and Meenakshi Sheshadri in the lead with Nutan as Anil Kapoor 's mother for which Nutan received the Best Supporting Actress FilmFare Award ." }, { "docid": "Mubarakan", "title": "", "text": "Mubarakan is an upcoming Indian romantic comedy film , directed by Anees Bazmee and produced by Sony Pictures Network Productions , Murad Khetani and Ashwin Varde . Anil Kapoor , Arjun Kapoor , Ileana D'Cruz and Athiya Shetty will be playing the lead roles in the film ." }, { "docid": "Tezaab", "title": "", "text": "Tezaab ( translation : Acid ) , released on 11 November 1988 , is an Indian action romantic Hindi movie starring Anil Kapoor and Madhuri Dixit in lead roles . The film gave actress Madhuri Dixit her first big break , making her an overnight star . It reaffirmed Anil Kapoor 's star status , after a successful Mr India ( 1987 ) . The film was produced and directed by N. Chandra . The music is by Laxmikant-Pyarelal . Tezaab is known for the song `` Ek Do Teen , '' , `` kehdo ke tum ho meri '' . which was a chart success . It ran in theatres for more than 50 weeks becoming a golden jubilee , and it was the highest blockbuster at the box office for the year 1988 in Bollywood . With Tezaab , N Chandra scored a box office hat-trick with his previous hits Ankush ( 1986 ) and Pratighaat ( 1987 ) . Tezaab was critically acclaimed and garnered four Filmfare Awards from twelve nominations . Anil Kapoor won his first Best Actor award and Madhuri Dixit garnered her first ever nomination for Best Actress . The film was remade in Telugu as Two Town Rowdy with Daggubati Venkatesh . The plot is loosely based on the commercially failed Hollywood movie Streets of Fire ( 1984 ) directed by Walter Hill ." }, { "docid": "Katilon_Ke_Kaatil", "title": "", "text": "Katilon Ke Kaatil ( A Murderer 's Murderer ) is a 1981 Indian Bollywood action thriller film . An Arjun Hingorani production , directed by Arjun and Anil Hingorani . The producer has a fixation for titles with KKK and Dharmendra in the lead of his films . ( i.e. Kahani Kismat Ki ) . This film stars Dharmendra , Zeenat Aman , Rishi Kapoor , Tina Munim , Amjad Khan , Nirupa Roy and Shakti Kapoor . The music is by Kalyanji Anandji . The film has good music , a special character called reecha who was born of woman and wild bear and a lot of gimmicks like Bruce Lee and has good humor . The film became a box office hit ." }, { "docid": "Awaargi", "title": "", "text": "Awaargi is a 1990 Bollywood drama film directed by Mahesh Bhatt starring Anil Kapoor , Meenakshi Sheshadri and Govinda . The film is considered to have featured Anil Kapoor 's and Meenakshi Sheshadri 's best performances . Over the years it has gained immense critical praise and is considered a classic now . Like several other 1980s films by Mahesh Bhatt , Awaargi , containing serious and realistic content , belongs to the arthouse cinematic genre , known in India as parallel cinema . On its release , it received critical acclaim ." }, { "docid": "Anil_Mehta", "title": "", "text": "Anil Mehta is a cinematographer , writer and director of Bollywood movies . He has studied cinematography at the Film and Television Institute of India , Pune . He has shot Khamoshi : The Musical ( 1996 ) , Lagaan ( 2001 ) , Saathiya ( 2002 ) , Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) and Jab Tak Hai Jaan ( 2012 ) . Mehta 's first feature film , Aaja Nachle , was produced by Yash Raj Films . Released on 9 November 2007 the film stars Madhuri Dixit ( in her comeback film ) , Konkona Sen Sharma , Akshaye Khanna and Kunal Kapoor . He won the National Film Award for Best Cinematography for his work in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam ( 1999 )" }, { "docid": "Tashan_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Tashan ( टशन , Style ) is a 2008 Bollywood action film starring Akshay Kumar , Saif Ali Khan , Kareena Kapoor and Anil Kapoor in the lead roles . Produced by Aditya Chopra and Yash Chopra of Yash Raj Films , it was released on 25 April 2008 , and marked the directorial debut of Vijay Krishna Acharya ." }, { "docid": "Taal_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Taal ( English : Rhythm ) is a 1999 Bollywood musical romantic drama film co written , edited , produced and directed by Subhash Ghai . Taal was an official selection for the 2005 Ebertfest : Roger Ebert 's Film Festival . Taal was screened retrospectively , during the 2014 International Film Festival of India in the Celebrating Dance in Indian cinema section . The film stars Anil Kapoor , Akshaye Khanna , Aishwarya Rai , Amrish Puri and Alok Nath . It was also dubbed in Tamil as Thaalam . It was very successful in India and overseas , becoming the first Indian film to reach the top 20 on Variety 's box office list . Anil Kapoor , A. R. Rahman , Alka Yagnik and Anand Bakshi each won a Filmfare Award for their work in the film ." }, { "docid": "Ghar_Ho_To_Aisa", "title": "", "text": "Ghar Ho To Aisa is a 1990 Indian Bollywood film directed by Kalpataru and produced by Firoz Nadiadwala . It stars Anil Kapoor and Meenakshi Seshadri in pivotal roles . The movie has since formed a cult in the Indian cinema industry . The film was remade in Telugu as Attintlo Adde Mogudu ." }, { "docid": "Loafer_(1996_film)", "title": "", "text": "Loafer is a 1996 Indian Bollywood film directed by David Dhawan and produced by Surinder Kapoor and Sarang Sonalkar . It stars Anil Kapoor and Juhi Chawla in pivotal roles . The film was a remake of the superhit Telugu film titled Assembly Rowdy ( 1991 ) starring Divya Bharti and Mohan Babu which itself was a remake of 1990 in Tamil film Velai Kidaichuduchu ." }, { "docid": "Saaheb", "title": "", "text": "Saaheb is a 1985 Hindi movie directed by Anil Ganguly . The film stars Anil Kapoor , Raakhee , Amrita Singh , Utpal Dutt , Biswajit , Vijay Arora , Deven Verma , A. K. Hangal and Dilip Dhawan . The music is by Bappi Lahiri . It is an adaptation of Bengali movie named `` saheb '' ( 1981 ) , directed by Bijoy Bose . The film was remade in Telugu as Vijetha with Chiranjeevi , in Kannada as Karna with Vishnuvardhan playing the lead role and in Malayalam as Chekkaeran Oru Chilla with Shankar . Anil Kapoor plays Saaheb , the youngest son of the family . He is focused on football , his passion . Due to this , everyone in the family constantly tells him he is no good . However , when circumstances demand , he gives up his kidney to fund his sister 's marriage , at the cost of his football career . The movie has catchy songs like - `` Yaar Bina Chain Kahan Re '' and `` Kya Khabar Kya Pata '' - which remain popular to this day ." }, { "docid": "No_Entry", "title": "", "text": "No Entry is a Hindi comedy film released in 2005 . It was directed by Anees Bazmee and produced by Boney Kapoor . The film features an ensemble cast of Anil Kapoor , Salman Khan , Bipasha Basu , Fardeen Khan , Lara Dutta , Esha Deol and Celina Jaitley with a cameo appearance by Sameera Reddy . A remake of the Tamil super hit Charlie Chaplin , No Entry was Bollywood 's biggest hit of 2005 ." }, { "docid": "Armaan_(2003_film)", "title": "", "text": "Armaan ( English : Desire ) is an Hindi Bollywood film starring Amitabh Bachchan , Anil Kapoor , Preity Zinta , Gracy Singh , and Randhir Kapoor . The film was screened at the Cannes Film Festival . This is the first time Preity Zinta played a negative role for which she received a Filmfare nomination for Best Villain . The film marked the first time Amitabh Bachchan and Anil Kapoor appeared together on screen . 21 years earlier they both appeared in Shakti but did not share any scenes together ." } ]
16925	Adolf Hitler encouraged settler colonialism.	[ { "docid": "Lebensraum", "title": "", "text": "The German concept of Lebensraum ( -LSB- ˈleːbənsˌʁaʊm -RSB- , `` living space '' ) refers to policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s . First popularized around 1901 , Lebensraum became a geopolitical goal of Imperial Germany in World War I ( 1914 -- 1918 ) originally , as the core element of the Septemberprogramm of territorial expansion . The most extreme form of this ideology was supported by the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) and Nazi Germany until the end of World War II . Following Adolf Hitler 's rise to power Lebensraum became an ideological principle of Nazism , and provided justification for the German territorial expansion into East-Central Europe . The Nazi Generalplan Ost policy ( the Master Plan for the East ) was based on its tenets . It stipulated that most of the indigenous populations of Eastern Europe would have to be removed permanently ( either through mass deportation to Siberia , death , or enslavement ) including Polish , Ukrainian , Russian , and other Slavic nations considered racially inferior and non-Aryan . The Nazi government aimed at repopulating these lands with Germanic colonists in the name of Lebensraum during World War II and thereafter . The entire populations were to be decimated by starvation , allowing for their own agricultural surplus to feed Germany . Hitler 's strategic program for world domination was based on the belief in the power of Lebensraum , pursued by a racially superior society . People deemed to be part of inferior races , within the territory of Lebensraum expansion , were subjected to expulsion or destruction . The eugenics of Lebensraum assumed the right of the German Aryan master race ( Herrenvolk ) to remove indigenous people they considered to be of inferior racial stock ( Untermenschen ) in the name of their own living space . Nazi Germany also supported other ` Aryan ' nations ' pursuing their own Lebensraum , including Fascist Italy 's Spazio vitale ." }, { "docid": "Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "Adolf Hitler ( -LSB- ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ -RSB- ; 20 April 1889 -- 30 April 1945 ) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party ( Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei ; NSDAP ) , Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 , and Führer ( `` Leader '' ) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945 . As dictator of the German Reich , he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 , and was central to the Holocaust . Hitler was born in Austria , then part of Austria-Hungary , and raised near Linz . He moved to Germany in 1913 and was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I . He joined the German Workers ' Party ( DAP ) , the precursor of the NSDAP , in 1919 and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921 . In 1923 he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power . The failed coup resulted in Hitler 's imprisonment , during which he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf ( `` My Struggle '' ) . After his release in 1924 , Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism , anti-semitism , and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda . Hitler frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a Jewish conspiracy . By 1933 , the Nazi Party was the largest elected party in the German Reichstag , which led to Hitler 's appointment as Chancellor on 30 January 1933 . Following fresh elections won by his coalition , the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act , which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany , a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism . Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France . His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression , the effective abandonment of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I , and the annexation of territories that were home to millions of ethnic Germans -- actions which gave him significant popular support . Hitler sought Lebensraum ( `` living space '' ) for the German people in Eastern Europe . His aggressive foreign policy is considered to be the primary cause of the outbreak of World War II in Europe . He directed large-scale rearmament and on 1 September 1939 invaded Poland , resulting in British and French declarations of war on Germany . In June 1941 , Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union . By the end of 1941 German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe and North Africa . Failure to defeat the Soviets and the entry of the United States into the war forced Germany onto the defensive and it suffered a series of escalating defeats . In the final days of the war , during the Battle of Berlin in 1945 , Hitler married his long-time lover , Eva Braun . On 30 April 1945 , less than two days later , the two killed themselves to avoid capture by the Red Army , and their corpses were burned . Under Hitler 's leadership and racially motivated ideology , the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of at least 5.5 million Jews and millions of other victims whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen ( `` sub-humans '' ) and socially undesirable . Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war . In addition , 29 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European Theatre of World War II . The number of civilians killed during the Second World War was unprecedented in warfare , and constitutes the deadliest conflict in human history ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Conspiracy_theories_about_Adolf_Hitler's_death", "title": "", "text": "Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler 's death contradict the fact that Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his Führerbunker on 30 April 1945 . Most of these theories hold that Hitler and his wife , Eva Braun , survived and escaped the city of Berlin . While subject to some exposure in popular culture , examples being books such as Grey Wolf : The Escape of Adolf Hitler , these viewpoints are regarded by mainstream historians as disproven fringe theories ." }, { "docid": "Historiography_of_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "The Historiography of Adolf Hitler deals with the academic studies of Adolf Hitler from the 1930s to the present . In 1998 , a German editor said there were 120,000 studies of Hitler and Nazi Germany . Since then a large number more have appeared , with many of them decisively shaping the historiography regarding Hitler ." }, { "docid": "Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler_Order_of_Battle", "title": "", "text": "The Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler ( LSSAH ) was founded in September 1933 as Adolf Hitler 's personal Bodyguard formation . It was given the title Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler ( LAH ) in November , 1933 . On 13 April 1934 , by order of Himmler , the regiment became known as the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler ( LSSAH ) . In 1939 the LSSAH became a separate unit of the Waffen-SS aside the SS-TV and the SS-VT . The LSSAH independently participated in combat during the Invasion of Poland ( 1939 ) . Elements of the LSSAH later joined the SS-VT prior to Operation Barbarossa in 1941 and by the end of World War II they had been increased in size from a Regiment to a Panzer Division ." }, { "docid": "Functionalism_versus_intentionalism", "title": "", "text": "Functionalism v. intentionalism is a historiographical debate about the origins of the Holocaust as well as most aspects of the Third Reich , such as foreign policy . The debate on the origins of the Holocaust centers on essentially two questions : Was there a master plan on the part of Adolf Hitler to launch the Holocaust ? Intentionalists argue there was such a plan , while functionalists argue there was not . Did the initiative for the Holocaust come from above with orders from Adolf Hitler or from below within the ranks of the German bureaucracy ? Although neither side disputes the reality of the Holocaust , nor is there serious dispute over the premise that Hitler ( as Führer ) was personally responsible for encouraging the anti-Semitism that allowed the Holocaust to take place , intentionalists argue the initiative came from above , while functionalists contend it came from lower ranks within the bureaucracy . The terms were coined in a 1981 essay by the British Marxist historian Timothy Mason . Notable functionalists have included Raul Hilberg , Christopher Browning , Hans Mommsen , Martin Broszat , and Zygmunt Bauman . Notable intentionalists have included Andreas Hillgruber , Karl Dietrich Bracher , Klaus Hildebrand , Eberhard Jäckel , Richard Breitman , and Lucy Dawidowicz ." }, { "docid": "List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "This list of speeches given by Adolf Hitler is an attempt to aggregate all of Adolf Hitler 's speeches ." }, { "docid": "Military_career_of_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "The military career of Adolf Hitler can be divided into two distinct portions of Adolf Hitler 's life . Mainly , the period during World War I when Hitler served as a Gefreiter ( lance corporal ) in the Bavarian Army , and the era of World War II when Hitler served as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Wehrmacht ( German Armed Forces ) through his position as Führer of Nazi Germany ." }, { "docid": "Bis_fünf_nach_zwölf_–_Adolf_Hitler_und_das_3._Reich", "title": "", "text": "Bis fünf nach zwölf -- Adolf Hitler und das 3 . Reich is a 1953 West German documentary film directed by Gerhard Grindel . The film is also known as Adolf Hitler - Ein Volk , ein Reich , ein Führer : Dokumente der Zeitgeschichte in West Germany , Adolf Hitler und das 3 . Reich - Sein Untergang ( German DVD box title ) and Bis 5 nach 12 ( German DVD title ) ." }, { "docid": "The_Hidden_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "The Hidden Hitler ( Hitlers Geheimnis . Das Doppelleben eines Diktators the title translates literally as `` Hitler 's Secret : The Double Life of a Dictator '' ) is a 2001 book by German professor and historian Lothar Machtan . The German original was published by Alexander Fest Verlag , while the English-translated version was published by Basic Books in New York City . ( ISBN 0-465-04308-9 ) The book discusses Adolf Hitler 's sexuality . Machtan argues that Hitler was a closeted homosexual . Among the evidence , he cites the allegedly homoerotic nature of his friendship with August Kubizek during Hitler 's youth in Vienna . The question of Hitler 's homosexuality is also raised in Walter C. Langer 's work The Mind of Adolf Hitler and in Waite 's psychoanalytic history The Psychopathic God : Adolf Hitler . However , most scholars dismiss these claims and believe Hitler was heterosexual ." }, { "docid": "Psychopathography_of_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "Psychopathography of Adolf Hitler is an umbrella term for psychiatric ( pathographic , psychobiographic ) literature that deals with the hypothesis that the German Führer and Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler ( 1889 -- 1945 ) had a mental illness . Both during his lifetime and after his death , Hitler has often been associated with mental disorders such as hysteria , megalomania or paranoid schizophrenia . Psychiatrists and psychoanalysts who have diagnosed Hitler as having mental disturbance include well-known figures such as Walter C. Langer and Erich Fromm . Other researchers , such as Fritz Redlich , have concluded that Hitler probably did not have these disorders ." }, { "docid": "Adolf_Hitler's_Munich_apartment", "title": "", "text": "Adolf Hitler 's Munich apartment was an apartment owned by Adolf Hitler , located at Prinzregentenplatz 16 in the German city of Munich , the birthplace and capital of the Nazi Party which was formed in Munich in 1920 ." }, { "docid": "The_Strange_Death_of_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "The Strange Death of Adolf Hitler is a US-american 1943 war film , directed by James P. Hogan . The film follows a man who plans to murder Adolf Hitler and steal his identity ." }, { "docid": "My_Führer_–_The_Really_Truest_Truth_about_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "My Führer -- The Really Truest Truth about Adolf Hitler ( Mein Führer -- Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler ) is a 2007 German comedy film directed by Dani Levy . The setting is World War II , around New Year 's of 1945 . This comedy tells the story of Adolf Hitler and his preparation for a big New Year 's speech . Hitler is too depressed to speak , so a Jewish acting coach is called in to tutor him . The premiere was held on 9 January 2007 in Essen . Wide German release followed on 11 January and Swiss and Austrian releases on 18 and 19 January , respectively . It was entered into the 29th Moscow International Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Hitler_family", "title": "", "text": "The Hitler family comprises the relatives and ancestors of Adolf Hitler ( 20 April 1889 -- 30 April 1945 ) , an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers ' Party ( Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei , abbreviated NSDAP ) , commonly known as the Nazi Party . He was effectively dictator of Germany , holding the titles Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 , and served as head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler from 1934 to 1945 . He is most remembered for his central leadership role in the rise of fascism in Europe , World War II and the Holocaust . Before the birth of Adolf Hitler the family surname had many variations that were often used almost interchangeably . Some of the common variances were Hitler , Hiedler , Hüttler , Hytler , and Hittler . Alois Schicklgruber ( Adolf 's father ) changed his name on 7 January 1877 to `` Hitler '' , which was the only form of the last name that Adolf used . The family has long been of interest to historians and genealogists because of the biological uncertainty of Hitler 's father as well as the family 's inter-relationships and their psychological effect on Hitler during his childhood and later life ." }, { "docid": "Adolf_Hitler_Fund_of_German_Trade_and_Industry", "title": "", "text": "The Adolf Hitler Fund of German Trade and Industry ( `` Adolf-Hitler-Spende der deutschen Wirtschaft '' ) was a donation from the German employers ' association and the `` Reichsverband '' of German industry , which was established on June 1 , 1933 to support the NSDAP . It was named after the Führer of the NSDAP Adolf Hitler and was meant for the `` national reconstruction '' ( `` nationaler Wiederaufbau '' ) . The inspiration to this project came from Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach , the chairman of the Reichsverband der deutschen Industrie , and Martin Bormann . At first it was a voluntary donation , but during the following years it became more and more a forced contribution for some concerns . Till 1945 the NSDAP collected about 700 million Reichsmark . Category : Economy of Nazi Germany" }, { "docid": "Young_Adolf", "title": "", "text": "Young Adolf is a novel written by author Beryl Bainbridge , and first published in 1978 by Duckworth . Presented as biographical fiction , the book 's main character is 23-year-old Adolf Hitler . Hitler visits relatives in Liverpool , where he gets into serious trouble with the English . The book was adapted for television as The Journal of Bridget Hitler in 1981 ." }, { "docid": "Angela_Raubal", "title": "", "text": "Angela Raubal may refer to : Angela Hitler , married name Angela Raubal , ( 1883 − 1949 ) , half-sister of Adolf Hitler Geli Raubal , full name Angela Raubal , ( 1908 − 1931 ) , daughter of Leo and Angela ( Hitler ) Raubal and possible lover of her mother 's half brother , Adolf Hitler" }, { "docid": "Knut_Hamsun's_obituary_of_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "In 1945 at the age of 86 , the Nobel laureate novelist Knut Hamsun wrote an obituary of Adolf Hitler in the newspaper Aftenposten . Hamsun 's eulogy to Hitler served as the collaborationist newspaper 's feature article on Hitler 's death . The obituary came to be his most infamous written piece . __ NOTOC __" }, { "docid": "The_Death_of_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "The Death of Adolf Hitler is a 1973 British television studio drama , an episode of ITV 's Sunday Night Theatre series . It stars Frank Finlay as Adolf Hitler and Caroline Mortimer as Eva Braun . First transmitted on 7 January 1973 , the drama details the last 10 days of Hitler 's life as World War II comes to an end and Allied troops are closing in on the Führerbunker . Michael Sheard ( who played Himmler ) and Tony Steedman ( who played Gen. Jodl ) would play the same roles in the U.S. television film The Bunker in 1981 . The play depicts Hitler as a tragic antihero tormented by both the past and present , unable to reconcile his hopes and dreams with the reality of the nightmare of his own making . Finlay won a British Academy Television Award as Best Actor for his performance ." }, { "docid": "List_of_books_by_or_about_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "This list of books by or about Adolf Hitler is a non-fiction bibliography . There are thousands of books written about Hitler ; therefore , this is not an all inclusive list . The list has been segregated into groups to make the list more manageable ." }, { "docid": "Adolf_Hitler_and_Stefanie_Rabatsch", "title": "", "text": "Stefanie Rabatsch ( née Isak ; born 28 December 1887 ) was an Austrian woman who was alleged by August Kubizek to have been an unrequited love of then-teenage Adolf Hitler . Her Jewish-sounding maiden name has been subject to speculation in this context . However , there is no evidence apart from Kubizek that Hitler ever had such an attachment . Kubizek , a childhood friend and later biographer of his childhood experience with Hitler , wrote about Stefanie in his book , Adolf Hitler , My Childhood Friend . He alleges that Hitler fell in love with her after she passed by him during her daily daughter-mother stroll in Linz , glancing at him . In Kubizek 's account , although in love with her to the point of suicide , Hitler never once spoke with her , and she later married an Austrian army officer . Stefanie stated in interviews that she was unaware of Hitler 's feelings towards her , and little is known about her life . The one-sided relationship has been discussed in many books . Some question the accuracy of Kubizek 's memoir , the only source for the story . Others accept that there is some basis of fact , but downplay the significance of the youthful infatuation , while yet others consider that it gives valuable insight into the development of Hitler 's personality ." }, { "docid": "Schicklgruber", "title": "", "text": "Schicklgruber is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Alois Schicklgruber , better known as Alois Hitler , Austrian civil servant and the father of Adolf Hitler Josef Schicklgruber ( born 1967 ) , Austrian footballer Maria Schicklgruber ( 1795 -- 1847 ) , the paternal grandmother of Adolf Hitler" }, { "docid": "William_Patrick_Stuart-Houston", "title": "", "text": "William Patrick `` Willy '' Stuart-Houston ( né Hitler ; 12 March 1911 -- 14 July 1987 ) was a nephew of Adolf Hitler . Born to Adolf 's brother , Alois Hitler , Jr. and his first wife , Bridget Dowling , in Liverpool , England , William Hitler later moved to Germany , but subsequently emigrated to the United States where he served in the U.S. Navy in World War II ." }, { "docid": "Adolf_Hitler's_possible_monorchism", "title": "", "text": "The possibility that Adolf Hitler had only one testicle has been a fringe subject among historians and academics researching the German leader . The rumour may be an urban myth , possibly originating from the contemporary British military song `` Hitler Has Only Got One Ball '' . Nevertheless , research , eyewitness testimony and historical study have not been able to prove or disprove the suggestion . Hitler 's doctor and his personal physician Theodor Morell disregarded the idea of Hitler 's monorchism and said there was nothing wrong with Hitler 's testicles . In December 2015 , it was reported that doctor 's notes from Landsberg Prison recorded that Hitler had `` right-sided cryptorchidism '' ." }, { "docid": "Madagascar_Plan", "title": "", "text": "The Madagascar Plan was a proposal by the Nazi German government to relocate the Jewish population of Europe to the island of Madagascar . Franz Rademacher , head of the Jewish Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the German government , proposed the idea in June 1940 , shortly before the Fall of France . The proposal called for the handing over of control of Madagascar , then a French colony , to Germany as part of the French surrender terms . The idea of deporting Polish Jews to Madagascar was investigated by the Polish government in 1937 , but the task force sent to evaluate the island 's potential determined that only 5,000 to 7,000 families could be accommodated , or even as few as 500 families by some estimates . As efforts by the Nazis to encourage emigration of the Jewish population of Germany before World War II were only partially successful , the idea of deporting Jews to Madagascar was revived by the Nazi government in 1940 . Rademacher recommended on 3 June 1940 that Madagascar should be made available as a destination for the Jews of Europe . With Adolf Hitler 's approval , Adolf Eichmann released a memorandum on 15 August 1940 calling for the resettlement of a million Jews per year for four years , with the island governed as a police state under the SS . They assumed that many Jews would succumb to its harsh conditions should the plan be implemented . The plan was not viable due to the British naval blockade . It was postponed after the Axis lost the Battle of Britain in September 1940 , and was permanently shelved in 1942 with the commencement of the Final Solution , towards which it had functioned as an important psychological step ." }, { "docid": "Last_will_and_testament_of_Adolf_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "The last will and testament of Adolf Hitler was prompted by Hitler receiving a telegram from Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring asking for confirmation of Göring 's succession , combined with news of Heinrich Himmler 's attempted negotiations of surrender with the western Allies , and reports that Red Army troops were within a block or two of the Reich Chancellery . It was dictated by Adolf Hitler to his secretary Traudl Junge in his Berlin Führerbunker on 29 April 1945 , the day he and Eva Braun married . They committed suicide the following day , 30 April , two days before the surrender of Berlin to the Soviets on 2 May , and just over a week before the end of World War II in Europe on 8 May . It consisted of two separate documents , a will and a political testament ." }, { "docid": "Unmasked:_Two_Confidential_Interviews_with_Hitler_in_1931", "title": "", "text": "Unmasked : Two Confidential Interviews with Hitler in 1931 is a book first published in 1968 claiming to comprise transcripts of shorthand notes by of two confidential 1931 interviews with Adolf Hitler . In addition the book has an essay ( in the form of an epilogue ) by Dr. entitled `` The Anatomy of Demagogy and Adolf Hitler 's Bent for Destruction '' ; a set of comprehensive notes also by Calic and a foreword by Golo Mann . The authenticity of the transcripts has been challenged ." }, { "docid": "Adolf_Lu_Hitler_Marak", "title": "", "text": "Adolf Lu Hitler Rangsa Marak ( born ) is a politician in the state of Meghalaya , India ." }, { "docid": "Gemlich_letter", "title": "", "text": "The Gemlich letter refers to a letter written by Adolf Hitler at the behest of Karl Mayr to Adolf Gemlich , a German army soldier . The letter , written in 1919 in response to a request for clarification on the Jewish question , is thought to be the first known piece of antisemitic writing by Hitler . The first political piece by Hitler , it is thought to have established his credentials as a radical rightist and , amongst conservative groups , as the man who could overthrow the Weimar republic . Because the letter is the first record of Hitler 's antisemitic views , and because it brought Hitler into politics , it is considered an important document in Holocaust studies ." }, { "docid": "Springtime_for_Hitler", "title": "", "text": "Springtime for Hitler : A Gay Romp With Eva and Adolf at Berchtesgaden is a fictional musical in Mel Brooks 's 1968 film The Producers , as well as the stage musical adaptation of the movie , and the 2005 movie adaptation of the musical . It is a musical about Adolf Hitler , written by Franz Liebkind , an unbalanced ex-Nazi played by Kenneth Mars ( then by Brad Oscar and Will Ferrell in the stage musical and the 2005 film respectively ) . In the film , the play is chosen by the producer Max Bialystock and his accountant Leo Bloom in their fraudulent scheme to raise substantial funding by selling 25,000 % of a play , then causing it to fail , and finally keeping all of the remaining money for themselves . To ensure that the play is a total failure , Max selects an incredibly tasteless script ( which he describes as `` practically a love letter to Adolf Hitler '' ) , hires the worst director he can find ( Roger DeBris , a stereotypical homosexual and transvestite caricature ) , and casts an out-of-control hippie named Lorenzo St. Dubois , also known by his initials `` L.S.D. '' , in the role of Hitler ( after he had wandered into the wrong theatre by mistake during the casting call -- `` That 's our Hitler ! '' ) ." }, { "docid": "Raubal", "title": "", "text": "Raubal may refer to : Angela Raubal , née Hitler ( 1883 -- 1949 ) , elder half-sister of Adolf Hitler ( born 1968 ) , German icehockey player Geli Raubal ( 1908 -- 1931 ) , Adolf Hitler 's half niece Leo Rudolf Raubal Jr. ( 1906 -- 1977 ) , teacher , soldier and manager" } ]
102397	Before Night Falls is a film.	[ { "docid": "Before_Night_Falls_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Before Night Falls is a 2000 American biographical romantic drama directed by Julian Schnabel . Based on the autobiography of the same name of Reinaldo Arenas , which was published in English in 1993 , the screenplay was written by Schnabel , Cunningham O'Keefe and Lázaro Gómez Carriles . The film stars Javier Bardem ( who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor ) , Johnny Depp , Olivier Martinez , Andrea Di Stefano , Santiago Magill and Michael Wincott . The film had its world premiere at the 2000 Venice International Film Festival ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Night_Falls_on_Manhattan", "title": "", "text": "Night Falls on Manhattan is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet , set and filmed on location in New York City . Its screenplay is by Lumet , based on a novel by Robert Daley entitled Tainted Evidence . The film centers on a newly elected district attorney played by Andy García , who is eager to stamp out corruption within the New York City Police Department . Ian Holm , James Gandolfini , Lena Olin , Ron Leibman and Richard Dreyfuss star in principal supporting roles . A joint collective effort to commit to the film 's production was made by the studios of Paramount Pictures and Spelling Films . It was commercially distributed by Paramount Pictures theatrically , and by Paramount Home Entertainment for home media . Night Falls on Manhattan explores criminal law , political corruption , and the repercussions of violence . Following its cinematic release , it failed to garner any awards from mainstream organizations for its lead acting or production merits . Night Falls on Manhattan premiered in U.S. theaters on May 16 , 1997 grossing $ 9,889,670 in domestic ticket receipts . The film saw its widest release in 758 theaters nationwide . Preceding its theatrical run , the film was generally met with mixed to positive critical reviews before its initial screening in cinemas . The Region 1 Code widescreen edition with special features was released on DVD in the United States on November 17 , 1998 ." }, { "docid": "When_Night_Falls", "title": "", "text": "When Night Falls can refer to : When Night Falls ( 1985 film ) , a 1985 Israeli film When Night Falls ( 2007 film ) , a 2007 New Zealand film" }, { "docid": "Before_Night_Falls", "title": "", "text": "Before Night Falls ( Antes que anochezca : autobiografía ) is the 1992 autobiography of Cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas , describing his early life in Cuba , his time in prison , and his escape to the United States in the Mariel Boatlift of 1980 . It received a favorable review from the New York Times and was on the newspaper 's list of the ten best books of 1993 . The book was adapted into a film of the same name in 2000 , starring Javier Bardem and Johnny Depp ." }, { "docid": "The_Night_Before", "title": "", "text": "The Night Before may refer to : `` The Night Before '' ( song ) , a song by The Beatles The Night Before ( album ) , a 2010 mini-album by the British band James The Night Before ( 1988 film ) , a 1988 film starring Keanu Reeves and Lori Loughlin The Night Before ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 film starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Seth Rogen The Night Before , a 2010 album by Hooverphonic" }, { "docid": "Night_Must_Fall_(1937_film)", "title": "", "text": "Night Must Fall is a 1937 film adaptation of the play by Emlyn Williams , adapted by John Van Druten and directed by Richard Thorpe . It stars Robert Montgomery , Rosalind Russell and Dame May Whitty . Whitty reprised her role in the stage drama in London and New York City . A critical success , Night Must Fall was named the best film of the year by the National Board of Review . A 1964 remake stars Albert Finney ." }, { "docid": "Night_Must_Fall", "title": "", "text": "Night Must Fall is a play , a psychological thriller , by Emlyn Williams , first performed in 1935 . There have been three film adaptations , Night Must Fall ( 1937 ) ; a 1954 adaptation on the television anthology series Ponds Theater starring Terry Kilburn , Una O'Connor , and Evelyn Varden ; and Night Must Fall ( 1964 ) ." }, { "docid": "Paris_By_Night_77", "title": "", "text": "Paris By Night 77 : 30 Năm Viễn Xứ ( English translation : Thirty Years Away from the Motherland ) is a Paris By Night program produced by Thúy Nga that was filmed at the Terrace Theater in the Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center on March 5 , 2005 . It was released to DVD on April 28 , 2005 two months later , just in time 2 days before the 30th anniversary of the Fall of Saigon on April 30 , 2005 ." }, { "docid": "Before_the_Fall", "title": "", "text": "Before the Fall can refer to : Before the Fall ( 2004 film ) , a 2004 German film Before the Fall ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 Cambodian film `` Before the Fall '' ( song ) , a song by Another Animal Attack on Titan : Before the Fall , a light novel and manga" }, { "docid": "It_Happened_One_Night", "title": "", "text": "It Happened One Night is a 1934 American pre-Code romantic comedy film with elements of screwball comedy directed and co-produced by Frank Capra , in collaboration with Harry Cohn , in which a pampered socialite ( Claudette Colbert ) tries to get out from under her father 's thumb and falls in love with a roguish reporter ( Clark Gable ) . The plot is based on the August 1933 short story `` Night Bus '' by Samuel Hopkins Adams , which provided the shooting title . One of the last romantic comedies created before the MPAA began enforcing the 1930 production code in 1934 , the film was released on February 22 , 1934 . It Happened One Night was the first movie to win all five major Academy Awards ( Best Picture , Director , Actor , Actress , and Screenplay ) , a feat that would not be matched until One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1975 ) and later by The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . In 1993 , It Happened One Night was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress , being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . In 2013 , the film underwent an extensive restoration ." }, { "docid": "When_Night_Falls_(1985_film)", "title": "", "text": "When Night Falls ( Ad Sof Halayla ) is a 1985 Israeli drama film written and directed by Eitan Green . The film was selected as the Israeli entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee ." }, { "docid": "When_Night_Is_Falling", "title": "", "text": "When Night is Falling is a 1995 Canadian drama film directed by Patricia Rozema . It was entered into the 45th Berlin International Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Night_Must_Fall_(1964_film)", "title": "", "text": "Night Must Fall is a remake of the 1937 film of the same name , which was in turn based on the 1935 play by Emlyn Williams . It was directed by Karel Reisz from a script by Clive Exton and starred Albert Finney , Mona Washbourne , and Susan Hampshire , but was not as successful as the original film . The film was entered into the 14th Berlin International Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "When_Night_Falls_(2007_film)", "title": "", "text": "When Night Falls is a 2007 New Zealand feature film written and directed by Alex Galvin and starring Tania Nolan , Rosella Hart , Sylvia Rands , Kevin Keys and Gerald Bryan . The film was released theatrically in New Zealand on 20 September 2007 . It was released in the United States and Canada through E1 Entertainment on 12 January 2010 . When Night Falls is a thriller set in 1932 about two nurses trapped in a country mansion with their invalid patient whilst a killer is on the loose in the area . Conscious of the potential danger , both nurses make sure that the house is locked and secure . However , as the night progresses , strange things begin to happen . Objects appear to have moved without explanation , and noises are heard where all should be still . Are the nurses so on edge that their minds are playing tricks on them ? Or could their worst fears be true , and someone else is in the house ?" }, { "docid": "Before_the_Next_Teardrop_Falls", "title": "", "text": "Before The Next Teardrop Falls is an album by Freddy Fender . His first album , it was released in 1974 . The album includes the number-one hits `` Before the Next Teardrop Falls '' and `` Wasted Days and Wasted Nights . ''" }, { "docid": "Night_Will_Fall", "title": "", "text": "Night Will Fall is a 2014 documentary film directed by Andre Singer that chronicles the making of the 1945 British government documentary German Concentration Camps Factual Survey . The 1945 documentary , which showed gruesome scenes from newly liberated Nazi concentration camps , languished in British archives for nearly seven decades and was only recently completed . The 1945 documentary , based on the work of combat cameramen serving with the armed forces and newsreel footage , was produced by Sidney Bernstein , then a British government official , with participation by Alfred Hitchcock . About 12 minutes of footage in this 75-minute film is from the earlier documentary . The title of the film was derived from a line of narration in the 1945 documentary : `` Unless the world learns the lesson these pictures teach , night will fall . ''" }, { "docid": "The_Night_Falls", "title": "", "text": "The Night Falls ( Spanish : La noche avanza ) is a 1952 Mexican crime film directed by Roberto Gavaldón and starring Pedro Armendáriz , Anita Blanch and Rebeca Iturbide . The film 's sets were designed by the art director Edward Fitzgerald ." }, { "docid": "After_the_Night_Falls", "title": "", "text": "After The Night Falls is a 2007 collaborative album from Robin Guthrie , formerly of the Cocteau Twins and ambient artist Harold Budd . It was released , as a matched CD , on the same day as Before the Day Breaks , also by Guthrie and Budd ." }, { "docid": "History_Is_Made_at_Night_(1937_film)", "title": "", "text": "History Is Made at Night is a 1937 romantic drama with elements of comedy and spectacle . It deals with a love triangle among a possessive shipping magnate , his beautiful wife , and a French headwaiter , with a spectacular ocean liner as a backdrop . Colin Clive plays the insanely jealous and homicidal husband , Bruce Vail . Jean Arthur is his wife , Irene , and Charles Boyer is Paul , the headwaiter with whom she falls in love . The film was produced by Walter Wanger and directed by Frank Borzage . Leo Carrillo portrays Paul 's best friend , Cesare . The film has a Titanic-like climax , when the ocean liner `` SS Princess Irene '' ( named after Jean Arthur 's character ) strikes an iceberg on its maiden voyage . The Hindenburg is mentioned in dialogue , but not shown . The Vails are set to travel via the airship to Paris to testify in a court trial before changing plans . The Hindenburg disaster happened two months after the release of the film ." }, { "docid": "The_Night_Before_Christmas_(1905_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Night Before Christmas is a 1905 American silent short film directed by Edwin S. Porter for the Edison Manufacturing Company . It closely follows Clement Clarke Moore 's 1823 poem Twas the Night Before Christmas , and was the first film production of the poem ." }, { "docid": "The_Night_Before_Christmas_(1933_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Night Before Christmas is a 1933 American Pre-Code animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by United Artists . Part of the Silly Symphony series , the film is an adaptation of Clement Clarke Moore 's poem A Visit from St. Nicholas , popularly called The Night Before Christmas . The film was directed by Disney animator Wilfred Jackson ." }, { "docid": "Night-for-night", "title": "", "text": "In cinematography , night-for-night filming is the name given to the practice of actually filming night scenes at night . In the early days of cinema , before the invention of the proper lighting systems , night scenes were filmed `` day-for-night '' -- that is , they were filmed during the day , and the film was `` corrected '' , either with a polarized lens on the movie camera , or via a variety of post-production techniques . Day-for-night shooting is still used in low-budget films . Category : Film and video terminology" }, { "docid": "Moscow_Nights_(film)", "title": "", "text": "This film is not to be confused with the very popular Russian Song Moscow Nights Moscow Nights ( released as I Stand Condemned in the United States ) is a 1935 British drama film directed by Anthony Asquith and starring Laurence Olivier , Penelope Dudley-Ward and Harry Baur . The screenplay concerns a wounded officer who falls in love with his nurse ." }, { "docid": "The_Night_Runner", "title": "", "text": "The Night Runner is a 1957 film noir drama film directed by Abner Biberman , produced by Albert J.Cohen , with a screenplay by Gene Levitt . `` The Night Runner '' stars Ray Danton and Colleen Miller . A released mental patient falls in love but ca n't control his violent urges ." }, { "docid": "Night_at_the_Museum:_Secret_of_the_Tomb", "title": "", "text": "Night at the Museum : Secret of the Tomb is a 2014 American comedy adventure film directed by Shawn Levy and written by David Guion and Michael Handelman . It is the sequel to the 2006 film Night at the Museum and the 2009 film Night at the Museum : Battle of the Smithsonian . The film stars Ben Stiller , Robin Williams , Owen Wilson , Dan Stevens and Ben Kingsley . It is the third and final installment of the Night at the Museum trilogy . In Secret of the Tomb , security guard Larry Daley must travel to London to return the tablet of Ahkmenrah , an Egyptian artifact which causes the exhibits to come to life , before the magic disappears . Principal photography of Secret of the Tomb took place from January to May 2014 in London , England and British Columbia , Canada . The film premiered on December 11 , 2014 , at New York City 's Ziegfeld Theater and was released in the United States on December 19 , 2014 . Secret of the Tomb grossed over $ 363 million at the box office . This film was dedicated to the memory of Williams , who died four months before the film 's release , and fellow Night at the Museum actor Mickey Rooney , who died before principal photography was finished ." }, { "docid": "Olivier_Martinez", "title": "", "text": "Olivier Martinez ( born 12 January 1966 ) is a French film actor . He became known after roles in several French films such as Un , deux , trois , soleil ( 1993 ) , which garnered him the César Award for `` Most Promising Actor '' , The Horseman on the Roof ( 1995 ) , and The Chambermaid on the Titanic ( 1997 ) . He has also appeared in Hollywood-produced features , including the drama Before Night Falls ( 2000 ) , the erotic thriller Unfaithful ( 2002 ) and playing the role of a French drug lord in the action-crime-thriller S.W.A.T. ( 2003 ) ." }, { "docid": "Zeenat_(1945_film)", "title": "", "text": "Zeenat is a 1945 Indian Muslim social melodrama film directed by Syed Shaukat Hussain Rizvi and starring Noor Jehan , Yakub , Majid , Himalayawala , and Karan Dewan . It was produced by Shirazali Hakim and Ramzanali S. Lakhani . The film 's story and dialogue was written by Wajahat Mirza Changezi . The music was composed by Meer Saheb and Hafiz Khan while the background music was provided by Rafique Ghaznavi . It is the story of a young girl who loses her husband a few days after her wedding as a result of a fall from a horse but not before they have spent a night together unbeknownst to others , leaving her pregnant . Her travails following the death of her husband and the music of the film made it the highest grossing Indian film of 1945 ." }, { "docid": "Glamorous_Night_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Glamorous Night is a 1937 British drama film directed by Brian Desmond Hurst and starring Mary Ellis , Otto Kruger and Victor Jory . It is an adaptation of the play Glamorous Night by Ivor Novello . In a mythical European kingdom , King Stefan clashes with his prime minister and falls in love with the gypsy loving Melitza ." }, { "docid": "Noch'_pered_rozhdestvom", "title": "", "text": "Noch ' pered rozhdestvom ( Russian : Ночь пе́ред Рождество́м , literally `` Night Before Christmas '' ) can refer to : `` Christmas Eve '' ( Gogol ) , short story by Nikolai Gogol Christmas Eve ( opera ) ( 1894-95 ) by Rimsky-Korsakov The Night Before Christmas ( 1913 film ) The Night Before Christmas ( 1951 film )" }, { "docid": "1952–53_United_States_network_television_schedule", "title": "", "text": "The 1952 -- 53 United States network television schedule began in September of 1952 and ended in the spring of 1953 . According to television historians Castleman and Podrazik ( 1982 ) , fall of 1953 marked a change in television when the networks began filling their schedules with `` grade B '' material . The networks ' `` need to fill so many hours of broadcasting each day put the networks and local programmers into the same position that Hollywood had been in years before with its theatrical features . '' In between big-budget productions , the networks had to keep the public occupied . As the number of hours that the four TV networks offered programs continued to expand , `` the appearance of TV equivalents to grade-B films was almost inevitable . '' Castleman and Podrazik also point out that another change was taking place around this time . Filmed television series had been seen since the late 1940s , but were `` not considered very important to the networks ' schedules '' because many were of poor quality ; live productions from New York were the norm at this time . CBS 's success with filmed program I Love Lucy in fall 1951 , however , had convinced NBC to add a few filmed series to its fall 1952 schedule . Among NBC 's new filmed TV series were My Hero , I Married Joan , and Doc Corkle . The Red Skelton Show , previously airing live , also made the move to film . NBC also moved Skelton 's program from its previous late-evening time to 7 p.m. on Sundays , hoping the program would be a `` strong lead-in for the entire evening . '' NBC 's Sunday night strategy failed , however , because Red Skelton 's program suffered from excessive use of rerun episodes when Skelton unfortunately fell ill . Of the network 's other filmed series , My Hero was `` a weak slapstick vehicle '' while Doc Corkle was `` generally regarded as the worst sitcom of the new season '' . It lasted only three weeks before cancellation ( replaced by the return of the live Mister Peepers ) . With the exceptions of I Married Joan and the revival of The Life of Riley starring William Bendix in January , NBC would have little luck with filmed programs during the 1952 -- 53 season . ABC had more luck with its new filmed series , The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet , while CBS aired the filmed Our Miss Brooks . Another successful CBS filmed show was anthology series Four Star Playhouse , which although not a top-rated show , did prove popular enough to run to 1956 . Fall 1952 was a major blow for DuMont , when the network 's biggest star , Jackie Gleason , moved from DuMont to CBS . Gleason 's new CBS series , The Jackie Gleason Show replaced DuMont 's Cavalcade of Stars , airing Saturday nights at 8 p.m. Ted Bergmann , DuMont 's general director , stated in 2002 that Gleason 's much-heralded move to CBS made DuMont look bad . DuMont aired no programs against Gleason 's new TV series . One DuMont show , the 60-minute public affairs program New York Times Youth Forum began airing Sundays at 5 p.m. EST on September 14 , 1952 -- outside of prime time -- and ran until June 14 , 1953 . A notable DuMont series which aired during the season was dramatic anthology series Dark of Night , which was broadcast live from a different real-life location each week instead of being shot on a soundstage ( for example , one episode was broadcast from a soft drink bottling plant , while another was broadcast from a castle in New Jersey ) . New fall series are highlighted in bold . Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research . Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season . Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season . Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season ." }, { "docid": "As_Night_Falls", "title": "", "text": "As Night Falls ( released in Germany as Die Nacht der Zombies ) is a 2013 horror film directed by Joe Davison . It was created in 2010 but was not released until November 12 , 2013 , when it was sent straight to DVD . It stars Debbie Rochon as a mother that returns from the dead to `` discipline '' anyone she thinks is naughty ." } ]
84546	An example of a Christmas comedy film is Home Alone.	[ { "docid": "Home_Alone", "title": "", "text": "Home Alone is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus . The film stars Macaulay Culkin as Kevin McCallister , a boy who is mistakenly left behind when his family flies to Paris for their Christmas vacation . Kevin initially relishes being home alone , but soon has to contend with two would-be burglars played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern . The film also features Catherine O'Hara and John Heard as Kevin 's parents . Culkin was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . After its release , Home Alone became the highest-grossing live action comedy film of all time in the United States , and also held the record worldwide until it was overtaken by The Hangover Part II in 2011 . It is the highest grossing Christmas movie of all time at the North American box office ( when adjusted for inflation ) . Home Alone has spawned a successful film franchise with four sequels , including the 1992 film Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York , the only Home Alone sequel to have the original cast reprising their roles ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Alone_for_Christmas", "title": "", "text": "Alone for Christmas is a 2013 comedy film created by the independent film group The Asylum . A `` loose mockbuster '' of film series Home Alone , the film is directed by Joseph J. Lawson , written by Nancy Leopardi , and starring David DeLuise , Kim Little and Davis Cleveland ." }, { "docid": "Home_Alone:_The_Holiday_Heist", "title": "", "text": "Home Alone : The Holiday Heist ( also known as Home Alone 5 or Home Alone 5 : The Holiday Heist is a 2012 American comedy television film and the fifth installment in the Home Alone franchise . It stars Christian Martyn , Jodelle Ferland , Malcolm McDowell , Debi Mazar , Eddie Steeples . The film premiered on ABC Family on November 25 , 2012 , during the network 's annual Countdown to 25 Days of Christmas programming block . It is the second film , after Home Alone 3 , not to focus on the McCallister family . It is also the first film in the series not to be set in Chicago , apart from the majority of Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York . There are numerous homages to the previous movies throughout the film ." }, { "docid": "Home_Alone_(franchise)", "title": "", "text": "Home Alone is a series of family comedy films directed by Chris Columbus ( 1 & 2 ) , Raja Gosnell ( 3 ) , Rod Daniel ( 4 ) and Peter Hewitt ( 5 ) . The first two films , Home Alone ( 1990 ) and Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York ( 1992 ) , follow the adventures of a boy named Kevin McCallister ( Macaulay Culkin ) who , during the course of the film , gets burglars Harry ( Joe Pesci ) and Marv ( Daniel Stern ) arrested by using booby traps . The third film , Home Alone 3 ( 1997 ) , has a similar plot but with a new protagonist , Alex Pruitt ( Alex D. Linz ) , and more of a spy theme . A television film , Home Alone 4 , premiered on ABC on November 3 , 2002 . This film features some of the same characters featured in the first two films including the protagonist Kevin McCallister , but with a new cast and a storyline that does not fall into the same continuity . A second television film , Home Alone : The Holiday Heist , was premiered on ABC Family on November 25 , 2012 , as a part of the network 's special programming block Countdown to the 25 Days of Christmas . Like Home Alone 3 , the film does n't revolve around Kevin , but ten-year-old new protagonist Finn Baxter ( Christian Martyn ) ." }, { "docid": "Home_Alone_4", "title": "", "text": "Home Alone 4 ( also known in the United States and Canada as Home Alone : Taking Back the House or Home Alone 4 : Taking Back the House , and stylized as HOME ALONe4 ) is a 2002 American made-for-television Christmas family comedy film directed by Rod Daniel , which first aired on ABC on November 3 , 2002 . It is the fourth installment in the Home Alone series . The film brings back several of the main characters from the first two films including Kevin McCallister , but with all of the roles played by different actors . The film also features culture and technology from the late 1990s and early 2000s as opposed to the early 1990s setting in the original films with the same characters at the same age . It is also the only film in the series to be filmed outside the United States . Although set in Chicago , it was actually shot in South Africa . The plot revolves around Kevin McCallister ( Mike Weinberg ) trying to defend his future stepmother 's house from his old nemesis Marv ( French Stewart ) and his wife Vera ( Missi Pyle ) ." }, { "docid": "Home_Alone_2:_Lost_in_New_York", "title": "", "text": "Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York is a 1992 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus . It is the second film in the Home Alone series and the sequel to Home Alone . Macaulay Culkin reprises his role as Kevin McCallister , while Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern reprise their roles as the Wet Bandits , now known as the Sticky Bandits . Catherine O'Hara , John Heard , Tim Curry , and Brenda Fricker are also featured . The following plot , when Kevin and his family decide to take a trip to Florida , but Kevin takes the wrong plane and ends up in New York City . He tries to make do with what he has , such as using his father 's credit card to stay at the Plaza Hotel , but is soon confronted by the Wet Bandits and must outrun and out-prank them again . The film was shot in Winnetka , Illinois ; O'Hare International Airport in Chicago ; Evanston , Illinois ; and New York City ( which was star Culkin 's hometown at the time ) . The exterior of Duncan 's Toy Chest in New York City was filmed outside of the Rookery Building in downtown Chicago . The exterior of Haven Middle School in Evanston , Illinois is shown prior to the Christmas pageant . The Miami scenes were filmed in Los Angeles , including an exterior of Miami International Airport which was filmed at Los Angeles International Airport . The film became the second most financially successful film of 1992 , earning over $ 173 million in revenue in the United States and $ 359 million worldwide against a budget of $ 20 million . Home Alone 3 followed five years later in 1997 , but the original cast and director did not return for that film ." }, { "docid": "John_Hughes_(filmmaker)", "title": "", "text": "John Wilden Hughes , Jr. ( February 18 , 1950 -- August 6 , 2009 ) was an American film director , producer , and screenwriter . He directed and/or scripted some of the most successful comedy films of the 1980s and early 1990s including the comedy National Lampoon 's Vacation ( 1983 ) , the coming-of-age comedy Sixteen Candles ( 1984 ) , the teen sci-fi comedy Weird Science ( 1985 ) , the coming-of-age comedy-drama The Breakfast Club ( 1985 ) , the coming-of-age comedy Ferris Bueller 's Day Off ( 1986 ) , the romantic comedy-drama Pretty in Pink ( 1986 ) , the romance Some Kind of Wonderful ( 1987 ) , the comedies Planes , Trains and Automobiles ( 1987 ) and Uncle Buck ( 1989 ) , the Christmas family comedy Home Alone ( 1990 ) and its sequel , Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York ( 1992 ) . Hughes was known for his work on teen movies and for helping launch the careers of numerous actors including Michael Keaton , Molly Ringwald , Anthony Michael Hall , Bill Paxton , Matthew Broderick , Macaulay Culkin , and the Brat Pack group ." }, { "docid": "Catherine_O'Hara", "title": "", "text": "Catherine Anne O'Hara ( born March 4 , 1954 ) is a Canadian-American actress , writer , and comedian . She is known for her comedy work on Second City Television ( 1976 -- 84 ) and in films such as After Hours ( 1985 ) , Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) , Home Alone ( 1990 ) , Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York ( 1992 ) , and The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) . Her other film appearances include the mockumentary films written and directed by Christopher Guest : Waiting for Guffman ( 1996 ) , Best in Show ( 2000 ) , A Mighty Wind ( 2003 ) , and For Your Consideration ( 2006 ) . O'Hara won the 1982 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series for SCTV Network , the Genie Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1999 film The Life Before This , and was nominated for an Emmy Award for the 2010 television film Temple Grandin . Since 2015 , she has starred as Moira Rose on the CBC sitcom Schitt 's Creek , for which she won the 2016 Canadian Screen Award for Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series ." }, { "docid": "Home_Alone_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Home Alone is a 1990 American family comedy film Home Alone may also refer to : Home Alone ( franchise ) , the series that the 1990 film started Home Alone ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack album from the 1990 film Home Alone ( video game ) , a 1991 game based on the 1990 film Home Alone ( 2006 video game ) , a PS2 game based on the film series In other uses : Home Alone ( 2000 film ) , a Russian animated film `` Home Alone '' ( The Boondocks ) , an episode of the TV series The Boondocks `` Home Alone '' , a song by R. Kelly from R. `` Home Alone '' , an episode of the British sitcom The Inbetweeners" }, { "docid": "All_Alone_on_Christmas", "title": "", "text": "`` All Alone on Christmas '' is a song written and arranged by Steve Van Zandt , and recorded by Darlene Love with members of both The E Street Band and The Miami Horns . It was originally featured on the soundtrack of Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York . It was also released as a 7 '' single and a CD single which included an instrumental version . The song returned Love 's name to the music singles charts on both sides of the pond that year . It peaked at No. 83 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and at No. 31 on the official UK Singles Chart . The third track on the single was a Christmas remix of The Capitols `` Cool Jerk '' which was also taken from the same film soundtrack . The single was influenced by Phil Spector 's Wall of Sound and is recorded in the style of the Spector-produced Love song `` Christmas ( Baby Please Come Home ) '' . The single featured a promotional photo of Love with the five members of the E Street Band who featured on the track . A promotional video featured Macaulay Culkin `` producing '' as Love performed the song with The E Street Band and The Miami Horns , and it features clips from Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York . The song was also featured in the film Love Actually and in the 2001 Italian film Merry Christmas ." }, { "docid": "Home_Alone_3", "title": "", "text": "Home Alone 3 ( stylized as HOME ALONe3 ) is a 1997 American family comedy film written and produced by John Hughes . It is the third film in the Home Alone series and the first not to feature actor Macaulay Culkin and the cast from the previous films ( 1990 , 1992 ) , director Chris Columbus , and composer John Williams . The film is directed by Raja Gosnell ( in his directorial debut ) , who served as the editor of both original films and stars Alex D. Linz as Alex Pruitt , an 8-year-old resourceful boy who is left home alone and has to defend his home from a band of criminals . The film was followed by a critically panned , made-for-television sequel , Home Alone 4 , in 2002 ." }, { "docid": "Dr._Seuss'_How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas_(2000_film)", "title": "", "text": "Dr. Seuss ' How the Grinch Stole Christmas ( promoted theatrically as The Grinch ) is a 2000 American Christmas comedy film directed by Ron Howard and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman based on the 1957 story of the same name by Dr. Seuss . It was the first Dr. Seuss book to be adapted into a full-length feature film . Because the film is based on a children 's picture book , many additions had to be made to the storyline to bring it up to feature-length , including some information about the backstory of the title character . Most of the rhymes that were used in the book were also used in the film , though some of the lines were to some degree changed , and several new rhymes were put in . The film also borrowed some music and character elements ( such as the Grinch 's green skin tone ) that originated in the 1966 animated TV special How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! . The film was produced by Howard and Brian Grazer , and starring Jim Carrey , Jeffrey Tambor , Christine Baranski , Bill Irwin , Molly Shannon , Josh Ryan Evans ( in his final theatrical role ) , and introducing Taylor Momsen as Cindy Lou Who . The film spent four weeks as the number-one film in the United States . With Home Alone being the first , The Grinch is the second highest-grossing holiday film of all time with over $ 345 million worldwide . It won the Academy Award for Best Makeup , and was also nominated for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design ." }, { "docid": "I'll_Be_Home_for_Christmas_(1998_film)", "title": "", "text": "I 'll Be Home for Christmas is a 1998 American Christmas family comedy film directed by Arlene Sanford . It stars Jonathan Taylor Thomas , Jessica Biel , Adam LaVorgna and Gary Cole ." }, { "docid": "Home_for_Christmas_(2010_film)", "title": "", "text": "Home for Christmas ( Hjem til jul ) is a 2010 Norwegian comedy-drama film directed by Bent Hamer . `` Home for Christmas '' is based on a selection of short stories from the Norwegian author Levi Henriksen 's collection , '' Only Soft Presents Under the Tree '' . These stories , which now and then intersect with each other , all take place in Henriksen 's fictitious small town of Skogli , over a couple of hours on Christmas Eve ." }, { "docid": "Chris_Columbus_(filmmaker)", "title": "", "text": "Chris Joseph Columbus ( born September 10 , 1958 ) is an American filmmaker . Columbus is known for directing movies such as Home Alone ( 1990 ) , Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York ( 1992 ) , Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) , Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone ( 2001 ) , and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) ; and for writing movies such as Gremlins ( 1984 ) and The Goonies ( 1985 ) . Home Alone received a British Comedy Award for Best Comedy Film . Columbus received an Academy Award nomination for producing The Help ( 2011 ) ." }, { "docid": "Home_Alone:_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack", "title": "", "text": "Home Alone is the soundtrack of the 1990 film of the same name . The score was composed by John Williams and nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score ; the film 's signature tune `` Somewhere in my Memory '' was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media . `` Somewhere in my Memory '' was actually written to `` run alongside the film '' by Williams . It can be heard in numerous sections of the film , either in full length or fragments , forming the backbone for the film 's soundtrack . `` Somewhere in my Memory '' is performed in many Christmas concerts in schools or professional orchestras and choirs alike across the globe . A version in Spanish was recorded in Spain for the ending credits of Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York . This version was performed by singer Ana Belén and is entitled `` Sombras de otros tiempos '' ( `` Shadows of Other/Former Times '' ) ." }, { "docid": "Julio_Macat", "title": "", "text": "Julio Macat ( born 1959 ) is an Argentine-born American cinematographer . Born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , Macat started his career off as a camera operator , under the guidance of director Andrei Konchalovsky , and worked on four of his movies including Runaway Train and Tango & Cash . Macat served as cinematographer on the 1990 Christmas comedy Home Alone and its sequels Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York and Home Alone 3 . Macat would frequently works on productions helmed by Tom Shadyac and Adam Shankman , such as Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , The Nutty Professor , The Wedding Planner and A Walk to Remember . Other credits include Miracle on 34th Street , My Fellow Americans , Cats & Dogs , Wedding Crashers , Pitch Perfect , Horrible Bosses 2 , Daddy 's Home and The Boss . Macat has been married to actress Elizabeth Perkins since 2000 ." }, { "docid": "This_Christmas_(film)", "title": "", "text": "This Christmas is a 2007 American Christmas romantic musical comedy-drama film produced by Rainforest Films and distributed by Screen Gems . Written , produced and directed by Preston A. Whitmore II , it is a Christmas time story that centers on the Whitfield family , whose eldest has come home for the first time in four years . The film is based on the 1970 Donny Hathaway song of the same name , which is covered by Chris Brown in the film . The Whitfield family overcome many trials and obstacles during the Christmas season ." }, { "docid": "The_Road_to_Christmas", "title": "", "text": "The Road to Christmas is a 2006 American made-for-television romantic comedy film directed by Mark Jean and starring Jennifer Grey , Megan Park , and Clark Gregg . Written by Judd Parkin , the film is about a successful fashion photographer whose planned Christmas wedding in Aspen is interrupted by a snow storm . With no flights or rental cars available , she accepts a ride from a widowed school teacher and his thirteen-year-old daughter , who open up their home to her until the roads clear . The Road to Christmas first aired on December 17 , 2006 on Lifetime . It was released on DVD on October 26 , 2010 by A&E Home Video ." }, { "docid": "Honky_Tonk_Christmas", "title": "", "text": "Honky Tonk Christmas is the first Christmas album by country music artist Alan Jackson , and was released on October 12 , 1993 . The title track , `` A Holly Jolly Christmas '' and `` I Only Want You for Christmas '' charted on the Hot Country Songs charts . `` Please , Daddy ( Do n't Get Drunk This Christmas ) '' was originally recorded by John Denver for his 1973 album Farewell Andromeda . Jackson 's version of `` A Holly Jolly Christmas '' first appeared on the soundtrack to the 1992 film Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York , while `` Santa 's Gon na Come in a Pickup Truck '' was also included on the 1994 Alvin and the Chipmunks album A Very Merry Chipmunk ." }, { "docid": "3_Day_Test", "title": "", "text": "3 Day Test is a 2012 American film directed and written by Corbin Bernsen and starring George Newbern , Megyn Price , and Bernsen . The film was released on November 6 , 2012 . The film was retitled in several overseas territories as Home & Alone For Christmas ." }, { "docid": "A_Christmas_Tale", "title": "", "text": "A Christmas Tale ( Un conte de Noël ) is a 2008 French comedy-drama film by Arnaud Desplechin , starring Catherine Deneuve , Jean-Paul Roussillon , Mathieu Amalric , Anne Consigny , Melvil Poupaud , Emmanuelle Devos and Chiara Mastroianni . It tells the story of a family with strained relationships which gathers at the parents ' home for Christmas , only to learn that their mother has leukemia . It was in competition for the Palme d'Or at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Scott_McCrickard", "title": "", "text": "Scott McCrickard is a Canadian comedian and writer . He has written for the TV series Comedy Inc. and The Holmes Show , hosted the game show Do n't Lick the Pig and appeared on the Sean Cullen Christmas special , Home for Christmas . He is also close personal friends with Jason Starchuk . He was nominated for a Canadian Comedy Award for his work on the short film The Trial ." }, { "docid": "A_Very_Merry_Mix-Up", "title": "", "text": "A Very Merry Mix-Up is a 2013 American/Canadian romance television film directed by Jonathan Wright and starring Alicia Witt , Mark Wiebe , and Scott Gibson . Written by Barbara Kymlicka , the film is about a woman who flies to her fiancé 's home town alone to meet her future in-laws for the first time at their Christmas gathering . At the airport , after discovering that her luggage is lost and her mobile phone is broken , she meets her future brother-in-law by chance for the first time . He takes her to his parents ' home , where she meets a warm loving family preparing for Christmas . Everything seems perfect until her `` fiancé '' arrives -- and she realizes that she is with the wrong family . The film premiered on the Hallmark Channel on November 10 , 2013 ." }, { "docid": "A_Christmas_Carol_(2006_film)", "title": "", "text": "A Christmas Carol ( a.k.a. . A Christmas Carol : Scrooge 's Ghostly Tale ) is a 2006 computer-animated film adaptation of the Charles Dickens tale , produced by BKN Home Entertainment . It was released theatrically in select cities by Kidtoon Films on November 6 , 2006 , and was released on DVD on November 21 , 2006 by Genius Products . This version casts the famous Dickens characters as anthropomorphic animals ; Ebenezer Scrooge and his relatives are skunks , Bob Cratchit and his family are rabbits , the ghost of Jacob Marley is a cricket , the Ghost of Christmas Past is a stork , the Ghost of Christmas Present is a kangaroo and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come is a walrus . This version differs from the original novel in many ways ; for example , the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come actually speaks , while most other versions have him mute and Tiny Tim does n't die in the possible future revealed to Scrooge , but instead becomes as miserly as he is ." }, { "docid": "Home_Along_Da_Riles", "title": "", "text": "Home Along Da Riles ( lit . Home Along the Railway ) is a Philippine situational comedy series that aired on the Philippine network ABS-CBN from 1992 to 2003 . The title started out as a play on the feature film Home Alone and with the main character 's first name taken as a direct copy from the film 's protagonist ." }, { "docid": "National_Lampoon's_Christmas_Vacation", "title": "", "text": "National Lampoon 's Christmas Vacation is a 1989 American Christmas comedy film directed by Jeremiah S. Chechik . It is the third installment in National Lampoon 's Vacation film series , and was written by John Hughes , based on his short story in National Lampoon magazine , `` Christmas ' 59 '' . The film stars Chevy Chase , Beverly D'Angelo and Randy Quaid , with Juliette Lewis and Johnny Galecki as the Griswold children Audrey and Rusty , respectively . Since its release in 1989 , Christmas Vacation has often been labeled as a modern Christmas classic . It is also the only sequel in the Vacation series to have spawned its own direct sequel : a 2003 made-for-TV release entitled National Lampoon 's Christmas Vacation 2 : Cousin Eddie 's Island Adventure . The film has achieved six home video releases : VHS and Laserdisc in early 1990 , a bare bones DVD in 1997 , and a `` Special Edition '' DVD in 2003 . A Blu-ray edition was first released in 2006 . In 2009 , the film was released as an `` Ultimate Collector 's Edition . '' At the same time of this release , it was also released on a simple Blu-ray/DVD combo . A steelbook Blu-ray was released in 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Four_Christmases", "title": "", "text": "Four Christmases ( Four Holidays in Australia and New Zealand , Anywhere But Home in the Netherlands , Norway , United Arab Emirates and in South Africa ) is a Christmas-themed romantic comedy film about a couple visiting all four of their divorced parents ' homes on Christmas Day . The film is produced by Spyglass Entertainment released by New Line Cinema on November 26 , 2008 , the day before Thanksgiving , and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It stars Vince Vaughn and Reese Witherspoon , with Sissy Spacek , Mary Steenburgen , Robert Duvall , Jon Voight , Jon Favreau , Tim McGraw , Dwight Yoakam , and Kristin Chenoweth as supporting cast . The film is director Seth Gordon 's first studio feature film . The DVD and Blu-ray Disc was released on November 24 , 2009 ." }, { "docid": "Santa's_Slay", "title": "", "text": "Santa 's Slay is a 2005 Christmas black comedy horror film that stars professional wrestler Bill Goldberg as Santa Claus . The movie was written and directed by David Steiman , a former assistant to Brett Ratner . It was shot in Edmonton and Wetaskiwin , Alberta . The film was released to home media by Lionsgate Home Entertainment . While filming the final zamboni scene in Bruderheim , Alberta , one of their film trailers caught fire ." }, { "docid": "Homer_Alone", "title": "", "text": "`` Homer Alone '' is the fifteenth episode of The Simpsons ' third season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 6 , 1992 . In the episode , stress from doing housework and being underappreciated at home causes Marge to have a mental breakdown and she decides to go on a vacation . She leaves for a spa called Rancho Relaxo , putting Bart and Lisa into the care of her sisters Patty and Selma and leaving Maggie at home with Homer . The episode was written by David M. Stern and directed by Mark Kirkland . Stern had noticed that most of the writers were pitching stories about Bart and Homer , and he thought a `` deeper vein of comedy '' could be reached by having Marge suffer from a nervous breakdown . Originally , Marge 's trip was to a distressed mother 's institute rather than a spa . However , the plot was not well received at the table read for the episode and much of it was re-written . The episode 's title references the film Home Alone which starred David Stern 's brother Daniel . `` Homer Alone '' contains references to the Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner cartoons , Thelma and Louise , Home Alone , MacGyver , and the song `` Baby Come Back '' by Player . The episode has received generally positive reviews from critics . During its original airing on the Fox network during February sweeps , it acquired a 14.2 Nielsen rating ." }, { "docid": "Christmas_Tale", "title": "", "text": "Christmas Tale may refer to : A Christmas Tale ( 2008 French film ) Un conte de Noël , a comedy-drama film Christmas Tales ( 2012 Norwegian album ) , Christmas album by Alexander Rybak The Country Mouse and the City Mouse : A Christmas Tale ( 1993 TV show ) Rare Exports : A Christmas Tale ( 2010 film ) Charlie Brown 's Christmas Tales ( 2002 TV show )" } ]
127854	Steven Price (composer) worked on the film Gravity.	[ { "docid": "Steven_Price_(composer)", "title": "", "text": "Steven Price ( born 22 April 1977 ) is a British film composer , best known for scoring Gravity , which won him the Academy Award for Best Original Score . Before making his debut as a composer with Attack the Block , he worked on the music department for various notable films , such as The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers , The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King , Batman Begins , and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Gravity:_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack", "title": "", "text": "Gravity : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album of the 3D science fiction thriller film Gravity , written by British film composer Steven Price . The album was released in 2013 via WaterTower Music label . Price 's score was universally applauded by film critics and audiences alike , leading Price to win and receive nominations for several Best Original Score awards at ceremonies , including a BAFTA Award , a Satellite Award and an Academy Award , as well as a Golden Globe Award nomination ." }, { "docid": "Steve_Price", "title": "", "text": "Stephen , Steven or Steve Price may refer to : Stephen Price ( died 1562 ) , MP for Radnorshire 1555 Stephen Price ( born 1572 ) , MP for Radnor 1601 Stephen Price ( Australian politician ) , member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly Stephen L. Price ( 1960 -- 1995 ) , American visual effects supervisor Steve Price ( rugby league ) ( born 1974 ) , Australian rugby league footballer Steve Price ( coach ) ( born 1977 ) , Australian rugby league coach Steve Price ( broadcaster ) ( born 1955 ) , Australian radio journalist Steve Price ( musician ) , American percussionist for the band Pablo Cruise Stephen Price ( aviator ) ( born 1893 ) , English flying ace during World War I Steven Price ( writer ) , Canadian poet and novelist Stephen Price ( cricketer ) ( born 1979 ) , English cricketer Steven Price , a character in the 2011 film Abduction Steven Price ( composer ) , British composer , best known for scoring Gravity ( 2013 )" }, { "docid": "List_of_accolades_received_by_Gravity_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Gravity is a 2013 3D science-fiction thriller film directed , co-produced , co-written , and co-edited by Alfonso Cuarón . The film 's musical score was composed by Steven Price , with the cinematography provided by Cuarón 's longtime collaborator , Emmanuel Lubezki . The film stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as astronauts involved in the mid-orbit destruction of a space shuttle and their attempt to return to Earth . Gravity premiered at the 70th Venice International Film Festival on August 28 , 2013 where it won the Future Film Festival Digital Award . The film then received a wide release at over 3,500 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 4 , 2013 by Warner Bros. . On its opening weekend , it grossed over $ 55 million which broke the North American opening weekend record for the month of October . Gravity grossed a worldwide total of over $ 723 million on a budget of $ 100 million . As of 2015 , it is Clooney 's highest-grossing film to date . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 311 reviews and judged 96 percent to be positive . Gravity garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , cinematography , score , and visual effects . The film received ten nominations at the 86th Academy Awards , the most nominations of 2014 's ceremony tied with American Hustle . It went on to earn the most awards at the ceremony , winning seven including Best Director for Cuarón , Best Cinematography for Lubezki , Best Original Score for Price , and Best Visual Effects . The film received four nominations at the 71st Golden Globe Awards , with Cuarón winning for Best Director . Gravity led the nominations at the 67th British Academy Film Awards with eleven nominations . The film won six awards , the most at the ceremony , including Outstanding British Film , Best Director for Cuarón , Best Cinematography for Lubezki , Best Original Music for Price , and Best Visual Effects . At the Producers Guild Awards , Gravity tied for Best Theatrical Motion Picture with 12 Years a Slave . Cuarón received the Best Director award from the Directors Guild of America and Bullock was also nominated for Best Actress at the Screen Actors Guild Awards . At the 40th Saturn Awards , Gravity joint-led the nominations with The Hobbit : The Desolation of Smaug , both films receiving eight nominations . The film went on to win five Saturn Awards including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director for Cuarón and Best Actress for Bullock . The film 's visual effects were acclaimed by the Visual Effects Society , which gave the film six awards including their top award for Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Film . Both the American Film Institute and National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Gravity_(2013_film)", "title": "", "text": "Gravity is a 2013 British-American epic science fiction adventure film co written , co edited co produced and directed by Alfonso Cuarón . It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as astronauts who are stranded in space after the mid-orbit destruction of their space shuttle , and their subsequent attempt to return to Earth . Cuarón wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás and attempted to develop the film at Universal Pictures . The rights were sold to Warner Bros. . Pictures , where the project eventually found traction . David Heyman , who previously worked with Cuarón on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( 2004 ) , produced the film with him . Gravity was produced entirely in the United Kingdom , where British visual effects company Framestore spent more than three years creating most of the film 's visual effects , which make up over 80 of its 91 minutes . Gravity opened the 70th Venice International Film Festival on August 28 , 2013 and had its North American premiere three days later at the Telluride Film Festival . Upon its release , Gravity was met with critical acclaim , and has been regarded as one of the best films of the 2010s . Emmanuel Lubezki 's cinematography , Steven Price 's musical score , Cuarón 's direction , Bullock 's performance , Framestore 's visual effects , and its use of 3D were all particularly praised by numerous critics . The film became the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2013 with a worldwide gross of over against production budget of only $ 100 million . At the 86th Academy Awards , Gravity received ten Academy Award nominations and won seven , including , Best Director ( for Cuarón ) , Best Cinematography ( for Lubezki ) , Best Visual Effects , Best Film Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing , and Best Original Score ( for Price ) . The film was also awarded six BAFTA Awards , including Outstanding British Film and Best Director , the Golden Globe Award for Best Director , seven Critics ' Choice Movie Awards and a Bradbury Award ." }, { "docid": "Fury:_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack", "title": "", "text": "Fury : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the original soundtrack of the 2014 film Fury , composed by Steven Price ." }, { "docid": "Louis_Stevens_(writer)", "title": "", "text": "Louis Stevens ( December 25 , 1896 -- September 29 , 1963 ) was an American screenwriter of the silent and sound film eras . Born on Christmas Day 1896 in Riga , Latvia , Stevens entered the film industry in 1920 when he co-wrote the silent film A World of Folly , with Jane Grogan . In his over 30-year career he worked on over 40 screenplays , as well as several film shorts and two television series . Among his more notable films were : contributing to the script of the 1931 version of Dracula , starring Bela Lugosi ; co-writing the story for What Price Hollywood ? ( 1932 ) ; the screenplay for the 1940 western , Colorado , directed by Joseph Kane , and starring Roy Rogers ; the story for Streets of Laredo ( 1949 ) , starring William Holden , Macdonald Carey and William Bendix ; 1951 's The Cimarron Kid , starring Audie Murphy ; and Horizons West ( 1952 ) , starring Robert Ryan , Julie Adams , and Rock Hudson . Stevens ' final screenplay was for Flaming Frontier in 1958 , although he did some work on additional dialogue for the 1959 film , Desert Desperadoes . Stevens also wrote several television episodes , one for Cheyenne , and two for Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans , all in 1957 . Stevens died on September 29 , 1963 , at the age of 66 , in Hollywood , California . He was buried in Pierce Brothers Valhalla Memorial Park in North Hollywood ." }, { "docid": "Steven_Schoenberg", "title": "", "text": "Steven Schoenberg ( born October 17 , 1952 ) is an American composer , songwriter , film composer , and pianist . His work includes film scores for Emmy Award-winning films , classical compositions , children 's music , and musical theater . he has recorded four noted albums of piano improvisations . Schoenberg is co-founder and CEO at Learn With A Beat , LLC , and with his wife , children 's book author Jane Schoenberg , develops educational apps for children . They have two children , actress Sarah Kate Jackson and composer Adam Schoenberg ." }, { "docid": "Andy_Price", "title": "", "text": "Andy Price is a British television and film composer . He has scored more than 50 films for television and more than 25 productions for theatres around the country , including the Bristol Old Vic , National Youth Theatre and the RSC . Price has composed the score for three series of BBC 's Robin Hood and is currently scoring Law & Order : UK with Adam Lewis . In 2002 , Price became the recipient of the Christopher Whelan Award in recognition of his recent work scoring to picture . He is also a visiting lecturer at the Royal College of Music ." }, { "docid": "Sally_Stevens", "title": "", "text": "Sally Stevens is an American singer , actress and a vocal contractor . She has sung on hundreds of The Simpsons episodes , and sings the main title , which has been in use since the inception of the show . She also sings the main title for Family Guy and has worked for Seth MacFarlane , the creator of the show , as vocal contractor and singer since the inception of the series . She has sung , and been vocal contractor for hundreds of films , some of which include The Last Airbender , The Abyss , Contact , Amistad , Power of One , Behind Enemy Lines , Beyond Borders , Forrest Gump , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull . Sally Stevens is the mother of session singer Susie Stevens-Logan . She did the voices of Marge and Patty in the demo recording of `` Dancing Workers Song '' . Most recent projects included singing and vocal contractor services for Night at the Museum 3 , for Alan Silvestri , composer ( 2014 ) . She also contracted the male choir for Thomas Newman , for the Steven Spielberg film Bridge of Spies , ( 2015 ) and sang for vocal contractor Bobbi Page on the scores for Tomorrowland and Jurassic World , for composer Michael Giacchino ( 2015 ) . Stevens was born in Los Angeles , California , and attended UCLA as a music major . She worked as a production singer in Las Vegas with bookings in 1961 and 1962 , then began to work freelance in recording and commercials in Los Angeles . She sang on the Danny Kaye Variety Show two seasons , and the The Carol Burnett Show and The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour . Her first work in film scoring was in 1962 , How the West was Won , then continuing , Doctor Zhivago and The Sound Of Music . Other solo performances in film include The Secret of NIMH ( composer Jerry Goldsmith ) , and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( Burt Bacharach , composer ) . In 1979 -- 82 she was the on-camera spokesperson for KBIG Radio , a Los Angeles radio/music station . She is a freelance artist/session singer and vocal contractor . As a solo artist , she was greatly influenced by Peggy Lee . She has written lyrics for film and television projects , and her song , written with Dave Grusin , `` Who Comes This Night '' is included in James Taylor 's first Christmas CD , recorded in 2005 . During the late 1960s and 1970s , she worked extensively in records and commercials . She has recorded with Frank Sinatra , Andy Williams , Country Joe and the Fish , Burt Bacharach , Gary Puckett & The Union Gap , Paul Revere & The Raiders , Sonny & Cher , The Hollyridge Strings , Neil Diamond , Dean Martin , Tom Scott , Gabor Szabo , Hugo Montenegro , Percy Faith , Gino Vannelli , Wayne Newton , Michael Bublé , and many others . Stevens is also the director of the Hollywood Film Chorale . She was also the choral director of the Oscars broadcasts for over 20 years , the most recent broadcast being the 2015 Academy Awards . She served on the local and national boards of AFTRA for over 40 years , on the board of Screen Actors Guild for 18 years , was a trustee of NARAS , and is currently a national trustee of the AFTRA Health & Retirement Funds ." }, { "docid": "Steven_Weinstein_(philosopher)", "title": "", "text": "Steven Weinstein is a philosopher at the University of Waterloo , noted particularly for his work on the quantum gravity , time , and the interpretation of quantum mechanics ." }, { "docid": "Suicide_Squad_(soundtrack)", "title": "", "text": "Suicide Squad : The Album is the soundtrack album to the film of the same name . The album was released on August 5 , 2016 , by Atlantic Records and Warner Bros. . Records . A separate film score album , titled Suicide Squad ( Original Motion Picture Score ) and composed by Steven Price , was released on August 8 , 2016 , by WaterTower Music . The digital edition of the film score album contains eight bonus tracks . It received mixed to positive reviews by critics , and the Collector 's Edition received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media at the 2017 ceremony ." }, { "docid": "Leith_Stevens", "title": "", "text": "Leith Stevens ( September 13 , 1909 -- July 23 , 1970 ) was an American music composer and conductor of radio and film scores . Born in Mount Moriah , Missouri , Stevens was a child prodigy pianist who was also an accompanist for operatic vocalist and early audio recording artist Madame Schumann-Heink . During World War II Stevens worked as radio director for the Southwest Pacific Area for the U.S. Office of War Information . He was musical director of the War Production Board ( WPB ) series Three Thirds of a Nation presented on Wednesdays on the NBC Blue Network . Stevens wrote the music , including a piano concerto in C minor , for the 1947 Hollywood film ` Night Song ' where concert pianist Arthur Rubinstein played to the accompaniment of the New York Philharmonic conducted by Eugene Ormandy . The music is tonal , with a horizontal ( as distinct from vertical ) compositional approach , with sophisticated harmonies and challenging virtuoso passages for the piano . The work is influenced by Delius , Rachmaninov , and Gershwin , and is both impressionist and romantic . Stevens ' piano concerto can currently be found on YouTube ( 2016 ) ." }, { "docid": "Attack_the_Block", "title": "", "text": "Attack the Block is a 2011 British science fiction horror comedy film written and directed by Joe Cornish and starring Jodie Whittaker , John Boyega , Nick Frost and Luke Treadaway . It is notable for being the film debut for both Cornish , Boyega , and future Academy Award-winning composer Steven Price . The film centres on a teenage street gang who have to defend themselves from predatory alien invaders on a council estate in South London on Guy Fawkes Night . Released on 11 May 2011 , it achieved significant popularity , favourable critical reviews , and accolades internationally . Attack the Block has been listed as a cult film in the making by a significant number of websites ." }, { "docid": "Morton_Stevens", "title": "", "text": "Morton Stevens ( January 30 , 1929 -- November 11 , 1991 ) was an American film score composer . In 1965 , he became director of music for CBS West Coast operations . He is probably best known for composing the theme music for Hawaii Five-O , a television series for which he won two Emmy Awards ( in 1970 and 1974 ) , and was nominated seven other times for work on television programs including Gunsmoke and Police Woman . He was taught by Academy Award-winning composer Jerry Goldsmith , with whom he frequently collaborated on other projects ." }, { "docid": "Glenn_Schellenberg", "title": "", "text": "Glenn Schellenberg is a Canadian composer . He is a frequent collaborator of director John Greyson , having composed the music for three of Greyson 's films . For one of these films , Zero Patience , Schellenberg was nominated , along with Greyson , for a Genie Award for Best Original Song for the song `` Just Like Scheherazade '' . Prior to his composing work , Schellenberg was a member of the synth-pop band TBA in the 1980s , along with Paul Hackney , Steven Bock and Andrew Zealley . He subsequently pursued doctoral work in psychology , specializing in the role of music in human cognition . He is currently a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto Mississauga ." }, { "docid": "Frans_Bak", "title": "", "text": "Frans Bak ( born 7 February 1958 ) is a Danish composer , choral conductor , saxophonist , and pianist . He is a graduate of the Royal Danish Academy of Music , and is known for his work as a jazz performer and composer of film music . In 1994 , he founded a composer 's association Den 3 . Vej . He is best known for his work as a film composer creating the score for the Danish television series Forbrydelsen as well as the American remake , The Killing , on AMC . His latest projects include Lilyhammer on NRK1/Netflix , starring Steven Van Zandt and the British adaption of the Ruth Rendell novel Thirteen Steps Down . Frans Bak has also scored numerous commercials , short films and feature films including three Academy Award nominated shorts Ernst & The Light , Sweethearts ? and Helmer & Son . The music for the original Danish version of The Killing is being released on CD from Mercury Classics ." }, { "docid": "Heavy_Young_Heathens", "title": "", "text": "Heavy Young Heathens are American-Armenian film , film trailer , and television composers , consisting of brothers Aron and Robert Mardo , originally Marderosian . They are known for their work composing and performing music for television series including Punk 'd , Buckwild , The Simpsons , Slednecks , and Are You the One ? . They have also composed music for films such as Don Verdean , Rules Do n't Apply , Yoga Hosers , and Masterminds . Heavy Young Heathens composed and performed `` Being Evil Has a Price '' , the main theme to the popular Fox series Lucifer , though no title card appears giving them credit ." }, { "docid": "As_If_to_Nothing", "title": "", "text": "As If to Nothing is the second independent album by Scottish composer Craig Armstrong , featuring collaborations with Bono of U2 , Mogwai , Photek , Evan Dando , King Crimson , and former Big Dish vocalist Steven Lindsay . It was released on 19 February 2002 , on the EMI label in the United Kingdom , and Astralwerks in the United States . The song `` Finding Beauty '' was also covered by the band Escala on their album Escala . The song `` Ruthless Gravity '' was prominently featured in the 2004 film Layer Cake . The song was also used in an episode of Top Gear when the presenters were racing from Surrey to Monte Carlo in an Aston Martin DB9 and the TGV . `` Stay ( Faraway , So Close ! ) '' is a cover version of the U2 song from their 1993 album Zooropa , and contains a vocal performance recorded by Bono in 2001 while the band was on its Elevation Tour ." }, { "docid": "Jackie_Buscarino", "title": "", "text": "Jacqueline `` Jackie '' Buscarino ( born September 11 , 1977 in Los Angeles , California ) is an American voice actress , writer and producer . She has contributed voice-over work to animated series such as The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack , Adventure Time and Gravity Falls . In 2010 , she wrote and directed the short film Go Tell Ricky Scrotum . Buscarino is currently a producer of the Cartoon Network series Steven Universe . Alongside Justin Roiland and Ryan Ridley , she co-hosted The Grandma 's Virginity Podcast . The first guest she invited on the podcast was Kent Osborne ." }, { "docid": "Len_Stevens_(composer)", "title": "", "text": "Herbert Leonard Stevens ( died 1989 ) known as Len Stevens , was a British composer , specializing in light music but producing works in many other categories . Among the well-known pieces he composed was `` News Scoop '' , used as the original 1958 theme tune to Grandstand on BBC television , and `` Easy Street '' ." }, { "docid": "Roger_Hoffman", "title": "", "text": "Roger Hoffman is an American composer and singer . His most noted work is `` Consider the Lilies '' which was featured on a Mormon Tabernacle Choir CD with the same name . Hoffman and his wife Melanie have collaborated in many musical endeavors . They have also worked in collaboration with Steven Kapp Perry . Hoffman is a Latter-day Saint and has served in a ward bishopric . Hoffman composed the music for the biographic film on Hugh Nibley , Faith of an Observer . He also has worked with Truman G. Madsen on a project about the life and mission of Jesus Christ ." }, { "docid": "Steven_Bernstein_(musician)", "title": "", "text": "Steven Bernstein ( born October 8 , 1961 ) is an American trumpeter , slide trumpeter , arranger/composer and bandleader from New York City . He is best known for his work in The Lounge Lizards , Sex Mob , Spanish Fly and the Millennial Territory Orchestra . Sex Mob 's 2006 CD Sexotica was nominated for a Grammy . A ubiquitous figure in New York 's downtown jazz scene , Steven Bernstein has been the musical director for the Kansas City Band ( from Robert Altman 's film Kansas City ) , Jim Thirlwell 's Steroid Maximus and Hal Wilner 's Leonard Cohen , Doc Pomus and Bill Withers projects . Bernstein has released four albums under his own name on John Zorn 's Tzadik Records : Diaspora Soul , Diaspora Blues , Diaspora Hollywood and Diaspora Suite . He has performed with jazz giants including Roswell Rudd , Sam Rivers , Don Byron and Medeski , Martin & Wood , as well as artists as diverse as Aretha Franklin , Lou Reed , Linda Ronstadt , Digable Planets , Sting and Courtney Love . Since 2004 Bernstein has been a member of Levon Helm 's Midnight Ramble band , playing in Helm 's Woodstock home , as well as touring with the band . As an arranger Bernstein has written for Bill Frisell , Rufus Wainright , Marianne Faithfull and Elton John among others . He has composed for dance , theatre , film and television , and with composer John Lurie , arranged the scores to many feature films , including Get Shorty ." }, { "docid": "Michael_Price", "title": "", "text": "Michael , Mick or Mike Price may refer to : Michael F. Price ( born 1951 ) , American value investor and fund manager Michael P. Price ( born 1938 ) , American theatre producer and artistic director Michael Price ( composer ) , English film and TV composer Michael Price ( cricketer ) ( born 1981 ) , South African cricketer Michael Price ( footballer , born 1982 ) , Welsh football player Michael Price ( footballer , born 1983 ) , English football player Michael Price ( sculptor ) ( 1940 -- 2001 ) , American sculptor Michael Price ( songwriter ) , American writer of songs such as `` Love Pains '' Michael Price ( writer ) , American television writer and producer Mick Price ( footballer ) ( 1914 -- 1973 ) , Australian rules footballer Mick Price ( snooker player ) ( born 1966 ) , retired English professional snooker player Mike Price ( born 1946 ) , American college football coach Mike Price ( basketball ) ( born 1948 ) , retired guard Mike Price ( jazz trumpeter ) , American jazz trumpeter and composer" }, { "docid": "Hit_Me", "title": "", "text": "Hit Me may refer to : `` Hit Me '' , a song by Groove Coverage Hit Me ( The Price Is Right ) , a game on the game show The Price is Right `` Hit Me '' , a song by Mystikal `` Hit Me '' , a song by Suede ( band ) `` Hit Me '' , a song by The Whigs Hit Me , a 1996 film directed by Steven Shainberg Hit Me , a 2010 short film starring Scott Porter" }, { "docid": "Kenneth_Wannberg", "title": "", "text": "Kenneth Gail Wannberg ( born June 28 , 1930 , in Los Angeles , California ) is an American composer and sound editor . He has worked extensively with the composer John Williams on some of the biggest box office films of all time . His music editing credits include Star Wars ( George Lucas , 1977 ) , Raiders of the Lost Ark ( Steven Spielberg , 1981 ) , JFK ( Oliver Stone , 1991 ) , Schindler 's List ( Spielberg , 1993 ) , and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( Alfonso Cuarón , 2004 ) . In 1986 Wannberg won an Emmy for his sound editing on Steven Spielberg 's Amazing Stories series . His film soundtrack compositions include the scores to The Tender Warrior ( 1971 ) , The Great American Beauty Contest ( 1973 ) , Lepke ( 1975 ) , Bittersweet Love ( 1976 ) , The Late Show ( 1977 ) , Tribute ( 1980 ) , The Amateur ( 1981 ) , Mother Lode ( 1982 ) , Losin ' It ( 1983 ) , Draw ! ( 1984 ) , Blame It on Rio ( 1984 ) and The Philadelphia Experiment ( 1984 ) ." }, { "docid": "Steven_Rice_(composer)", "title": "", "text": "Steven Rice is an American composer , who has written works for a variety of ensembles including orchestra and choir ." }, { "docid": "Michael_Stevens_(composer)", "title": "", "text": "Michael Stevens is an American musician and composer . He has collaborated with friend Kyle Eastwood on numerous projects , including the film scores to Clint Eastwood 's films , Mystic River in 2003 , Million Dollar Baby in 2004 , Letters from Iwo Jima in 2006 , Gran Torino in 2008 and Invictus in 2009 . He was nominated with partner Kyle Eastwood for a 2006 Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Original Score ( Letters from Iwo Jima ) ." }, { "docid": "Leon_Narbey", "title": "", "text": "Leon Gordon Alexander Narbey ( born 2 August 1947 ) is a New Zealand cinematographer . Born in Helensville , Narbey was educated at the Elam School of Fine Arts , specialising in sculpture . He lectured at the University of Canterbury in 1972 , before joining the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation as a news cameraman . In the mid-1970s , he shot the Geoff Steven documentary Te Matakite o Aotearoa , about the 1975 Māori land march . He continued his partnership with Steven on two documentaries shot in China in 1979 : Gung Ho ( about Rewi Alley ) and The Humble Force . He co-wrote and directed two films , Illustrious Energy and The Footstep Man , in 1987 and 1992 respectively . In 1990 , he shot the comedy-drama Ruby and Rata for Gaylene Preston . In 1993 , he was director of photography on the feature film Desperate Remedies , for which he won the Best Cinematography award at the New Zealand Film and Television Awards in 1994 . His recent work includes the 2000 romantic drama The Price of Milk , the 2002 drama Whale Rider , No. 2 ( 2006 ) , the 2007 vampire film Perfect Creature , 2008 's Dean Spanley and Rain of the Children , the 2009 Topp Twins documentary Untouchable Girls , the 2011 Samoan film The Orator , the 2013 drama Giselle , The Dead Lands in 2014 and the 2016 film One Thousand Ropes ." }, { "docid": "Steven_Heller_(composer-producer)", "title": "", "text": "Steven Heller ( composer-producer ) is a producer-composer , based in Asheville , North Carolina , who has won two Grammy Awards , as well as a number of national awards for his music and recordings . He was production music supervisor for the 1995 Miramax film , `` The Journey of August King . '' He wrote and produced the theme music for `` Conversations '' and `` Evening Rounds , '' listener call-in programs on the public radio station WCQS , in Asheville , North Carolina . Steven Heller is the father of guitarist Drew Heller of the band Toubab Krewe ." }, { "docid": "Gravity_Payments", "title": "", "text": "Gravity Payments is a credit-card processing and financial services company . The company was founded in February , 2004 by brothers Lucas and Dan Price . The company is headquartered in the Ballard neighborhood of Seattle , Washington and employs over 100 people . The company received media attention in 2015 when CEO Dan Price announced that all employees would receive a minimum wage of $ 70,000 ." } ]
20181	The 1991 NBA Finals had the Lakers in it.	[ { "docid": "1991_NBA_Finals", "title": "", "text": "The 1991 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1990 -- 91 NBA season . It was also the first NBA Finals broadcast by NBC after 17 years with CBS . The documentary `` Learning to Fly , '' narrated by Jeff Kaye , recaps Chicago 's successful first championship season . The theme song is `` Learning to Fly '' by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers . The Chicago Bulls of the Eastern Conference took on the Los Angeles Lakers of the Western Conference for the title , with Chicago having home court advantage . It was Michael Jordan 's first NBA Finals appearance , Magic Johnson 's last , and the last NBA Finals for the Lakers until 2000 . The Bulls would win the series , 4-1 . Jordan averaged 31.2 points on 56 % shooting , 11.4 assists , 6.6 rebounds , 2.8 steals and 1.4 blocks en route to his first NBA Finals MVP Award . The series was not the first time that the Bulls and Lakers faced off in the playoffs . Prior to 1991 , they met for four postseason series ( 1968 , 1971 , 1972 and 1973 ) , all Lakers victories . Chicago was a member of the Western Conference at the time and moved into the East in 1981 . The 1991 Finals marked the first time the Bulls defeated the Lakers in a playoff series . This series would mark the end of the Lakers Showtime era and the beginning of the Bulls ' dynasty . After winning five championships in eight finals appearances in the 1980s , the Lakers would struggle for the rest of the 1990s before winning five championships between the 1999-2000 and 2009-10 seasons . The 1991 Lakers were led by Johnson , already in his thirties , playing in his last full year , as was fellow All-Star teammate James Worthy ; Kareem Abdul-Jabbar had retired two seasons earlier . The Bulls , led by NBA MVP Michael Jordan and superstar small forward Scottie Pippen , would win five more championships after 1991 in a seven-year span , cementing their status as a dynasty before struggling badly in a post-MJ era that saw them take several years to even become average . When it was all said and done , Michael Jordan became only the third man in NBA history ( after George Mikan and Abdul-Jabbar ) to capture the scoring title and the NBA Finals Championship in the same season . Until 2015 , the Bulls were the last team to win an NBA championship despite fielding a full roster lacking in championship or Finals experience . None of the Bulls players had logged even a minute of NBA Finals experience prior to this ." } ]	[ { "docid": "1987–88_Los_Angeles_Lakers_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1987 -- 88 season saw the Lakers win their eleventh NBA championship , defeating the Detroit Pistons in a seven-game final to become the NBA 's first repeat champions since the Boston Celtics did it in the 1968 -- 69 NBA season . In doing so , the Lakers made good on Pat Riley 's famous promise to repeat as champions . `` I 'm guaranteeing everybody here , '' Riley said at the civic celebrations following the Lakers ' 1987 championship win , `` next year we 're gon na win it again . '' Before the Lakers could make good on Riley 's guarantee , they swept the San Antonio Spurs in the opening round of the playoffs . The following two rounds however would not be as easy for the Lakers , but they still managed to get through a tough seven-game series against both the Utah Jazz in the Western Conference Semis and the Dallas Mavericks Western Conference Finals . By the time the Lakers had finished their season they had played an NBA record 106 games including another record 24 playoff games , winning 77 and losing 29 . The Lakers went 62 -- 20 in the regular season and 15 -- 9 in the playoffs . The 1988 Finals proved the last time the Showtime-era Lakers would win the NBA Championship . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar abruptly retired after another NBA Finals appearance the following year , in which the Lakers were swept in four straight by the rejuvenated Pistons . Although they made the Finals in 1991 , the Lakers lost to the Michael Jordan-led Chicago Bulls in five games . After that , the Lakers did not make another Finals appearance and win another NBA Championship until 2000 . It was also the final time the Lakers won the Championship at The Forum ." }, { "docid": "1987_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "The 1987 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1986 -- 87 season . The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals . The Lakers earned their 10th NBA championship , and Magic Johnson was named NBA Finals MVP for a then-record third time . Before 2008 , this was the last time the Celtics and Lakers met in the NBA Finals , though Boston threatened in 2002 , making it to the Eastern Conference Finals before losing to the Nets in 6 games . By making it to the Eastern Conference Finals , the Pistons advanced farther in the playoffs than they had in the past 25 years . They would make their first NBA Finals appearance since 1956 the following season , the first of 3 straight trips to the Finals ( winning the last 2 ) . The Warriors & Pacers made their first playoff appearances since 1977 and 1981 . The Pacers also won their first NBA playoff game , in Game 3 of their first-round series against the Hawks . By beating Dallas 3 -- 1 , the Sonics became the first # 7 seed to defeat a # 2 seed since the playoffs expanded to 16 teams in 1984 . They reached the Western Conference Finals , where they were swept by the Lakers . As of 2016 , they are the most recent team with a sub -.500 record ( 39-43 ) to advance as far as the conference finals . The 1989 & 1991 Warriors , 1998 Knicks and 2010 Spurs were the other 7th seeds to beat the 2nd seed . One of the most memorable moments of the playoffs occurred in the final moments of Game 5 of the Eastern Conference Finals when , with Boston down 107-106 , Isiah Thomas had his inbounds pass stolen by Larry Bird , who passed to Dennis Johnson for the game-winning layup . The only dent in the Lakers ' run to the Finals came in Game 4 of the Western Conference Semifinals against the Warriors , when Sleepy Floyd scored a playoff record 39 points in the second half , with a record 29 coming in the fourth quarter , to seal a 129-121 win . Both records still stand ." }, { "docid": "1991–92_Portland_Trail_Blazers_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1991 -- 92 NBA season was the 22nd season for the Portland Trail Blazers in the National Basketball Association . After losing three of their first four games , the Blazers would quickly recover as they continued to lead the way in the West posting a 57 -- 25 record , earning their second straight Pacific Division championship and 10th consecutive trip to the NBA Playoffs . Clyde Drexler led the way averaging 25.0 points per game while being named to the All-NBA First Team , selected for the 1992 NBA All-Star Game , and finishing a distant second to Michael Jordan in the MVP ballot . The Blazers began their postseason run by defeating the Los Angeles Lakers 3 -- 1 in the first round , eliminating the Lakers for the first time since Portland 's championship season of 1977 ; the Lakers had beaten the Blazers in four playoff series since then , including most recently the 1991 Western Conference Finals . The Blazers proceeded to defeat the Phoenix Suns 4 -- 1 in the second round and Karl Malone 's Utah Jazz 4 -- 2 in the Western Conference Finals , earning their second trip to the NBA Finals in three years , and a matchup with the defending champion Chicago Bulls . The Blazers ' dream of winning their second NBA title , however , was stifled by the Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen-led Bulls , who defeated the Blazers 4 -- 2 and won their second straight NBA title . Following the season , Danny Ainge signed as a free agent with the Phoenix Suns . For the season , the Blazers changed their logo and uniforms . Both would last until 2002 ." }, { "docid": "1991_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "The 1991 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1990 -- 91 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP . After the Pistons had ended their season the last three years , the Bulls got revenge in the Eastern Conference Finals by sweeping the two-time defending NBA champions . It was the first time the Bulls won a playoff series over the Pistons since 1974 , when both teams were still part of the Western Conference . Game 4 ended with some of the Pistons walking off the court before time expired , refusing to shake the Bulls ' hands . In the 1989 NBA Finals , the Pistons themselves had swept the two-time defending champion Lakers . Detroit did not reach the conference finals again until 2003 . The seventh seeded Golden State Warriors stunned the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs , defeating them 3 games to 1 . It would be Golden State 's last playoff series win until 2007 . The 76ers and the Bucks met in the first round of the playoffs where the 76ers swept the series . It would be both teams last playoff appearance until 1999 . Game 4 of the Blazers -- Jazz series was the last game ever played at the Salt Palace . This was the first year that NBC aired the NBA Playoffs ." }, { "docid": "Celtics–Lakers_rivalry", "title": "", "text": "The Celtics -- Lakers rivalry is a National Basketball Association ( NBA ) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers . Both the Celtics and the Lakers are the two most storied franchises in the NBA , and the rivalry has been called the best in the NBA . The Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers have met a record 12 times in the NBA Finals , starting with their first Finals meeting in . They would both go on to dominate the league in the 1960s and 1980s , facing each other six times in the 1960s , three times in the 1980s as well as two times in the late 2000s . The rivalry had been less intense since the retirements of Magic Johnson and Larry Bird in the early 1990s , but in it was renewed as the Celtics , led by the big three of Paul Pierce , Kevin Garnett , Ray Allen , and the Lakers , led by NBA MVP Kobe Bryant met in the Finals for the first time since , with the Celtics winning the series 4 -- 2 . They met again in the 2010 NBA Finals , which the Lakers won in 7 games . The two teams have won the two highest numbers of championships , the Celtics 17 , the Lakers 16 ( 11 as the L.A. Lakers and 5 as the Minneapolis Lakers ) ; together , they account for 33 of the 71 championships in NBA history ." }, { "docid": "1989_NBA_Finals", "title": "", "text": "The 1989 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1988 -- 89 NBA season . The series was a rematch of the previous year 's championship round between the Detroit Pistons and the Los Angeles Lakers . During the season , the Lakers had won their division , with Magic Johnson collecting his second MVP award . The team swept the first three playoff series ( Pacific Division foes : Portland , Seattle , and Phoenix ) , resulting in a rematch with the Detroit Pistons in the Finals . However , starting off guard Byron Scott suffered a hamstring injury in practice before Game 1 and was ruled out of the series . Then with the Lakers leading early in game 2 , Magic Johnson pulled his hamstring and would also be out of the series . The Lakers had won two straight NBA championships in 1987 and 1988 but without their starting back court , their chances were doomed for a `` 3-peat . '' The Pistons had dominated the Eastern Conference , winning 63 games during the regular season . After sweeping the Boston Celtics and Milwaukee Bucks , the Pistons beat the Chicago Bulls in six games , earning a second straight trip to the NBA Finals . In the season before , the Lakers had beaten them in a tough , seven-game series . The Pistons won the series in a four-game sweep , marking the first time a team ( Lakers ) had swept the first three rounds of the playoffs , only to be swept in the finals . As of today , the Pistons are the most recent Eastern Conference team to sweep an NBA finals . For their rough physical play , and sometimes arrogant demeanor , Pistons ' center Bill Laimbeer nicknamed the team ` The Bad Boys ' . The name became an unofficial ` slogan ' for the Pistons throughout the next season as well . Following the series , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar announced his retirement at 42 , after 20 years with the NBA . Pistons ' guard Joe Dumars was named MVP for the series . Prior to the 2016 NBA Finals , when the Cleveland Cavaliers overcame the Golden State Warriors , and the 2014 NBA Finals when the San Antonio Spurs bested the Miami Heat , the Pistons were the last Finals champion to have been runner-up to the same opponent the previous season as they did in the 1988 Finals ." }, { "docid": "1972_NBA_Finals", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 NBA Finals was the championship series played at the conclusion of the 1971 -- 72 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season . The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Eastern Conference champion New York Knicks in five games . The Los Angeles Lakers got their first NBA championship since the Lakers moved to Los Angeles from Minneapolis . This season 's edition of the Los Angeles Lakers had won an NBA-record 69 regular season games , including 33 wins in a row . They were led by Wilt Chamberlain , the NBA 's top rebounder that season . Guards Gail Goodrich and Jerry West were each among the NBA 's top ten scorers that season , spearheading the NBA 's top offense at 121 points per game . West also led the NBA in assists . The Lakers as a team led all NBA teams in rebounds and assists that season . Los Angeles had swept a solid 57-win Chicago Bulls team in the playoff 's opening round , then defeated the defending champion Milwaukee Bucks ( record of 63-19 ) in six games to win the Western Conference . That historic series had matched Chamberlain against Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , and West against Oscar Robertson . Having defeated tough Milwaukee , 48-win New York figured to be an easy formality for the Lakers . New York was a top defensive team that allowed just 98.2 points per game and made 47 % of their shots as a team . They had defeated the 38-win Baltimore Bullets and then upset the 56-win Boston Celtics to win the Eastern Conference final ." }, { "docid": "1990–91_Los_Angeles_Lakers_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1990 -- 91 NBA season was the Lakers ' 43rd season in the National Basketball Association , and 31st in the city of Los Angeles . This season 's highlight was Magic Johnson leading the Lakers to the NBA Finals , where they lost in five games to Michael Jordan 's Chicago Bulls . The Lakers would not return to the Finals until 2000 . The season is generally considered the final season of the team 's successful , uptempo Showtime era . During the offseason , the team signed unrestricted free agent Sam Perkins . The Lakers finished the regular season with a 58 -- 24 record , but for the first time since the 1980 -- 81 season , did not win their division . Johnson finished second behind Jordan in the voting for the NBA Most Valuable Player Award . Johnson was the league 's third-oldest point guard , and had grown more powerful and stronger than in his earlier years , but was also slower and less nimble . Mike Dunleavy was the new head coach , the offense used more half-court sets , and the team had a renewed emphasis on defense . In the first round of the playoffs , the Lakers swept the Houston Rockets in three straight games , then defeated the 7th-seeded Golden State Warriors in five games in the semifinals . In the Western Conference Finals , they defeated the top-seeded and Pacific Division champion Portland Trail Blazers in six games to advance to the NBA Finals . Game 5 of the NBA Finals was the last Finals game played at the Forum . It was also Magic 's last NBA game as he would retire later in November due to an HIV Virus . Magic would make a brief return to the Lakers midway through the 1995 -- 96 NBA season . After losing to the Houston Rockets in that year 's playoffs , Magic retired again for good . The team 's season roster is featured in the video games NBA 2K16 and NBA 2K17 ." }, { "docid": "Magic_Johnson", "title": "", "text": "Earvin `` Magic '' Johnson Jr. ( born August 14 , 1959 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and current president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He played point guard for the Lakers for 13 seasons . After winning championships in high school and college , Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers . He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season , and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s . Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV , but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game , winning the All-Star MVP Award . After protests from his fellow players , he retired again for four years , but returned in 1996 , at age 36 , to play 32 games for the Lakers before retiring for the third and final time . Johnson 's career achievements include three NBA MVP Awards , nine NBA Finals appearances , twelve All-Star games , and ten All-NBA First and Second Team nominations . He led the league in regular-season assists four times , and is the NBA 's all-time leader in average assists per game , at 11.2 . Johnson was a member of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team ( `` The Dream Team '' ) , which won the Olympic gold medal in 1992 . After leaving the NBA in 1992 , Johnson formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars , a barnstorming team that travelled around the world playing exhibition games . Johnson was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996 . Johnson became a two-time inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame -- being enshrined in 2002 for his individual career , and again in 2010 as a member of the `` Dream Team '' . He was rated the greatest NBA point guard of all time by ESPN in 2007 . His friendship and rivalry with Boston Celtics star Larry Bird , whom he faced in the 1979 NCAA finals and three NBA championship series , are well documented . Since his retirement , Johnson has been an advocate for HIV/AIDS prevention and safe sex , as well as an entrepreneur , philanthropist , broadcaster and motivational speaker . His public announcement of his HIV-positive status in 1991 helped dispel the stereotype , still widely held at the time , that HIV was a `` gay disease '' that heterosexuals need not worry about ; his bravery in making this announcement was widely commended . Named by Ebony magazine as one of America 's most influential black businessmen in 2009 , Johnson has numerous business interests , and was a part-owner of the Lakers for several years . Johnson also is part of a group of investors that purchased the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2012 and the Los Angeles Sparks in 2014 ." }, { "docid": "1972_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1971 -- 72 season . The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion New York Knicks 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . Wilt Chamberlain was named NBA Finals MVP . The Lakers finished the regular season with the best record in NBA history at 69 -- 13 , a mark that was unequalled until the 1996 Bulls finished 72 -- 10 . Led by Chamberlain and Jerry West , the Lakers won their first title in Los Angeles ; their last title was in 1954 as the Minneapolis Lakers . The Lakers won their first NBA Finals in their last nine appearances without superstar Elgin Baylor , who had played in each of the preceding eight losses . He retired nine games into the season because of ongoing knee problems ." }, { "docid": "2008–09_Los_Angeles_Lakers_season", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 -- 09 Los Angeles Lakers season was the franchise 's 61st season , 60th in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and 49th in Los Angeles . Coming from a crushing defeat to the Boston Celtics from last year 's NBA Finals in six games , the Lakers won their division for the 31st time and appeared in the Western Conference Finals for the 39th time . With 65 wins they recorded the third most wins in franchise history , the most since 1999 -- 2000 , and improved on their 2007 -- 08 record by eight wins . The Lakers sold out all 41 home games for the season , led the NBA in money earned from overall ticket sales , and had the 5th highest increase in gate receipts from the previous season . On May 29 , the Lakers beat the Denver Nuggets to advance to the NBA Finals for the second consecutive year and 30th time in franchise history , extending their NBA record for most Finals appearances . On June 14 , the Los Angeles Lakers beat the Orlando Magic 4 -- 1 in the best of seven series to become the 2009 NBA Champions , the 15th Championship for the franchise . Kobe Bryant was awarded the 2009 NBA Finals MVP . Following the season , Trevor Ariza signed as a free agent with the Houston Rockets . On July 15 , 2009 , the Los Angeles Lakers won the 2009 ESPY Awards for Best Team and Best Coach/Manager for Phil Jackson ." }, { "docid": "Bulls_vs_Lakers_and_the_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "Bulls vs Lakers and the NBA Playoffs is a basketball video game developed by Electronic Arts and released in 1992 exclusively for the Sega Mega Drive . The game is the sequel to Lakers versus Celtics . The game 's name refers to the previous season 's NBA championship series , the 1991 NBA Finals matchup between the Chicago Bulls and Los Angeles Lakers . It is the second game in the NBA Playoffs series of games . Although there is no SNES version for Bulls vs Lakers , the SNES ( and first ) version of Bulls vs. Blazers was heavily based on Bulls vs Lakers , with the later Mega Drive version introducing a few changes from this . Bulls vs Lakers introduced a television broadcast-style presentation with a fictional television network , `` EASN '' , the Electronic Arts Sports Network . It was the first team basketball game to feature an in-game instant replay feature . Bing Gordon , the Chief Creative Officer of Electronic Arts , was featured as the game announcer . This was also the first game to depict NBA team logos on the courts ." }, { "docid": "1985_NBA_Finals", "title": "", "text": "The 1985 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1984 -- 85 season , and the culmination of the season 's playoffs . The Boston Celtics were looking to repeat as NBA Champions for the first time since the season . The Celtics had homecourt advantage for the second year in a row as they finished the regular season with a 63-19 record while the Los Angeles Lakers compiled a 62-20 record . The Lakers looked to bounce back from the previous year 's painful loss to the Celtics in the championship series , and were still seeking to beat Boston for the first time ever in NBA Finals history . Also for the first time , the Finals went to a 2-3-2 format with Games 1 and 2 in Boston while the next three games were in Los Angeles . The final two games of the series would be played in Boston , if required . This change of format came after David Stern had a conversation with Celtics legend Red Auerbach in 1984 , who did n't like the frequent traveling between games . The 2-3-2 format would be used until the 2013 NBA Finals , after which the 2-2-1-1-1 format returned the following year . The Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Celtics four games to two to defeat the Celtics for the first time in Laker history in the NBA Finals . It would mark the last time the NBA World Championship Series branding would be in use as the NBA Finals branding would replace it the next season . The video documentary Return to Glory recaps the 1985 NBA Playoff action . It would be the last documentary until 1989 narrated by Dick Stockton ." }, { "docid": "2008_NBA_Finals", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 NBA Finals were held June 5 through June 17 of 2008 , to decide the winner of the 2007 -- 08 NBA season , and conclude the season 's playoffs . The Boston Celtics , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , defeated the Los Angeles Lakers , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , four games to two in a best-of-seven series . This was Boston 's first title since 1986 and 17th overall . 2008 marked the first time since that the top seeds from both conferences met in the Finals and the first time since 2003 that any top seeded team played in the NBA finals . The Lakers appeared in the Finals for the first time since and a record 29th time overall . The Celtics appeared in the Finals for the first time since and second-best 20th time overall . Going into the series , the Celtics had won the most championships of all-time with 16 , and the Lakers were second with 14 . The two clubs , the most successful teams in NBA history , looked to renew a longstanding rivalry 21 years after their last Finals meeting in 1987 . They narrowly missed meeting each other in 2002 , when the Lakers advanced to the Finals , but the Celtics , who led 2 -- 1 in the Conference Finals , eventually fell to the favored New Jersey Nets 4 -- 2 . This was the 11th time the teams met in the championship round ; the Celtics won eight of their previous ten Finals meetings against the Lakers , winning in , , , , , , and -- the Lakers won in and . The Celtics ' 66 -- 16 record gave them home court advantage over Los Angeles ( 57 -- 25 ) . This was the first time since , when the Chicago Bulls beat the Utah Jazz for the championship , and the only time in the 2000s decade that an Eastern Conference team had the home court advantage . This was also the first NBA Finals series since 1998 to not feature Tim Duncan ( 1999 , 2003 , 2005 , 2007 ) or Shaquille O'Neal ( 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2004 , 2006 ) . Rodd Houston narrated the Boston Celtics ' championship season documentary on NBA Entertainment . The made-for-TV version of this documentary is narrated by Kevin Harlan ." }, { "docid": "1989_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "The 1989 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1988 -- 89 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Detroit Pistons defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 0 in the NBA Finals . Joe Dumars was named NBA Finals MVP . The Pistons had one of the most dominant playoff runs in NBA history , finishing 15 -- 2 with their only losses to the Chicago Bulls in the Eastern Conference Finals . The Lakers won the Western Conference title without losing a game . They were swept in the Finals by the Pistons , due in part to season-ending injuries suffered by Magic Johnson and Byron Scott . The Lakers became the first team in NBA history to open an NBA post-season with 11 straight victories and to sweep three series in an NBA post-season . Chicago advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time since 1975 ( and the first time in Michael Jordan 's career ) , but their season was ended by Detroit for the second straight year . Two rounds earlier , he hit `` The Shot '' over Craig Ehlo at the buzzer to beat the Cavs . The Boston Celtics ' first-round playoff sweep by the Pistons was the first time they failed to get past the round of 16 . Former Utah Jazz head coach Jerry Sloan made the first of 19 playoff appearances in a 22-year tenure . The only time he missed the playoffs with Utah was 2004 -- 2006 . His last playoff appearance was in 1981 with the Bulls . His Jazz were ousted by the Golden State Warriors 3 -- 0 , the second time a seventh seed had beaten the second seed in the playoffs . Under Don Nelson , the Warriors became famous for their up-tempo game that made up for an undersized lineup , as well as their ability to create mismatches . The Warriors made history as the only team to beat either of the top two seeds thrice in the NBA Playoffs ; they beat the second-seed San Antonio Spurs in 1991 and top-seeded Dallas Mavericks ( a team Nelson also coached ) in 2007 ." }, { "docid": "1959–60_Minneapolis_Lakers_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1959 -- 60 NBA season was the Lakers ' 12th season in the NBA . The Lakers finished in third-place in the NBA Western Division with a record of 25 -- 50 , 21 games behind the St. Louis Hawks . In their final season in the Twin Cities , the Lakers made the playoffs and defeated the Detroit Pistons two games to none in the Western Division Semifinals , before losing the West Finals to the Hawks , four games to three . On January 18 , the team had a harrowing flight in a snowstorm , returning to Minneapolis from St. Louis . The team 's DC-3 had electrical problems and made an emergency landing in a cornfield near Carroll , Iowa . Following the season , the franchise moved to Southern California and became the Los Angeles Lakers for the 1960 -- 61 season ." }, { "docid": "1953–54_Minneapolis_Lakers_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1953 -- 54 NBA season was the franchise 's sixth season in the NBA . The Lakers won the Western Division with a 46 -- 26 record . George Mikan was hampered by knee troubles as he averaged only 18.1 points per game . The Lakers signed a promising rookie named Clyde Lovellette , who was able to alleviate the pressure on Mikan . In the first round , the Lakers won 3 straight to face the Rochester Royals in the Western Finals . The Lakers would beat the Royals to qualify for the NBA Finals . In the finals , the Lakers and Syracuse Nationals alternated wins . In the end , the Lakers emerged with their 3rd straight title , and 5th overall in the franchise 's first six seasons in the NBA . They became the first NBA team to win three consecutive NBA championships . In the seventh and final game , the Lakers won by a score of 87 -- 80 , for the franchise 's final NBA title before their relocation to Los Angeles in 1960 . Following the season , Mikan would announce his retirement ." }, { "docid": "2009_NBA_Finals", "title": "", "text": "The 2009 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2008 -- 09 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also the defending Western Conference champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion Orlando Magic . The Lakers defeated the Magic , four games to one , to win the franchise 's 15th NBA championship . The 63rd edition of the championship series was played between June 4 and June 14 and was broadcast on U.S. television on ABC . The Lakers earned their berth into the playoffs by winning the Pacific Division . The Magic won the Southeast Division to earn their berth . The Lakers reached the NBA Finals by defeating the Utah Jazz in the best-of-seven Western Conference First Round , the Houston Rockets in the best-of-seven Western Conference Semifinals , and the Denver Nuggets in the best-of-seven Western Conference Finals . The Magic reached the NBA Finals by defeating the Philadelphia 76ers in the best-of-seven Eastern Conference First Round , the defending champion Boston Celtics in the best-of-seven Eastern Conference Semifinals , and the league best Cleveland Cavaliers in the best-of-seven Eastern Conference Finals . The NBA Finals were staged under a 2 -- 3 -- 2 rotation , with the Lakers holding home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record than the Magic . Kobe Bryant led the team to a Game 1 win with 40 points , eight rebounds , and eight assists . Game 2 was a high-scoring affair that the Lakers ultimately won on both strong defensive play and last minute heroics by Bryant , Derek Fisher , and Pau Gasol during the overtime . A record-breaking performance from the Magic 's 65 % team shooting ensured the team a Game 3 win and the first Finals victory in franchise history . Although they trailed the Magic as much as 12 at halftime , the Lakers won Game 4 in overtime on the back of Trevor Ariza 's 13 points in the second half and Fisher 's pair of three-point clutch shots . Dominant offensive play coupled with a spectacular defense by both starters and reserves from the second quarter until the buzzer helped the Lakers to win Game 5 and secure the series . Bryant was named Most Valuable Player of the Finals . Rodd Houston narrated the Lakers ' 2009 season through the Lakers 2009 championship home video on NBA Entertainment . As with previous championship videos , two versions exist : the DVD version recaps the entire 2009 Lakers ' season , from the regular season and playoffs to the finals ; the TV version recaps only the Lakers ' playoff run . This series was nicknamed the `` Disney Series '' for its connections to The Walt Disney Company . Disney owns Finals broadcaster ABC ; Walt Disney World is located twenty miles from Orlando in nearby Lake Buena Vista , and Disneyland is located thirty miles from Los Angeles in nearby Anaheim ." }, { "docid": "1983–84_Los_Angeles_Lakers_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1983 -- 84 season for the Los Angeles Lakers saw them lose in the 1984 NBA Finals against Larry Bird 's Boston Celtics in seven well-fought games . The Los Angeles Lakers , powered by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar ( who broke the NBA 's all-time total points record ) and Magic Johnson with his 13.1 assists per game ( tops in ' 84 ) , ended up winning 54 games in the 1983 -- 84 NBA season . On April 5 , 1984 , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar had a 12-foot shot over Mark Eaton of the Utah Jazz 1 to surpass Wilt Chamberlain as the NBA 's all-time leading scorer with 31,421 points . In the playoffs , the Lakers defeated the Kansas City Kings in the first round , Dallas Mavericks in the second , and the Phoenix Suns in the 1984 Western Conference Finals in order to advance to what is called the `` greatest NBA Finals in history '' , against Larry Bird 's formidable , 62 -- 20 Boston Celtics . The Lakers ' early step on the green team in the Championship caused Bird to label teammates `` sissies '' . The words inspired the Celtics , and shot down the Lakers , and the C 's won game 7 111 -- 102 , a Laker heartbreaker , and still , arguably , the most memorable Finals of the 1980s ." }, { "docid": "2013_NBA_Finals", "title": "", "text": "The 2013 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2012 -- 13 NBA season and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeated the Western Conference champion San Antonio Spurs to win their second straight title . The Finals began with Game 1 on June 6 , and ended with Game 7 on June 20 . Miami became the 6th team to win consecutive NBA championships , joining the Boston Celtics ( 1959 -- 1966 , 1968 -- 1969 ) , the Los Angeles Lakers ( 1949 -- 1950 , 1952 -- 1954 , 1987 -- 1988 , 2000 -- 2002 , 2009 -- 2010 ) , the Detroit Pistons ( 1989 -- 1990 ) , the Chicago Bulls ( 1991 -- 1993 , 1996 -- 1998 ) , and the Houston Rockets ( 1994 -- 1995 ) in doing so . This series marked the fifth time the Spurs have made the NBA Finals since 1999 , second-most for any franchise in that span behind the Los Angeles Lakers . The Spurs had won all of their previous four finals appearances , putting them only behind the six-time champion Chicago Bulls for most titles without ever losing a Finals , making this series the first Finals loss in Spurs history . This series was also the first time San Antonio had played in the NBA Finals without home court advantage , as Miami had home-court advantage based on their league-best regular season record . It was the Heat 's third consecutive NBA Finals appearance , the first Eastern Conference team to achieve that since the Chicago Bulls ( 1996 -- 1998 ) . Four former NBA Finals MVPs played in the series ( the Spurs ' Tim Duncan and Tony Parker , and the Heat 's Dwyane Wade and LeBron James ) , the most since 1987 . The 2013 Finals also set a record for most international players on either Finals roster ( 10 ) . Tim Duncan became the fourth player in NBA history to make a Finals appearance in three different decades . This marked the last NBA Finals played during the tenure of NBA commissioner David Stern . In addition , it also marked the last time the Finals used the 2 -- 3 -- 2 format , after which it reverted to the 2 -- 2 -- 1 -- 1 -- 1 format . Later , the Spurs and Heat would both advance to the 2014 NBA Finals , where the Spurs won in 5 games ." }, { "docid": "1959_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "The 1959 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1958-59 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics defeating the Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers 4 games to 0 in the NBA Finals . It was the Celtics ' second NBA championship . This was the first NBA Finals matchup between the Lakers and Celtics ; as of 2015 , they have met in the Finals 12 times . Boston won the first eight NBA Finals series of the rivalry , spanning 3 decades -- the 1950s , 1960s and 1980s -- before the Lakers finally defeated Boston for the title in 1985 and again in 1987 , with Boston topping the Lakers again in 2008 . This was the only Celtics/Lakers NBA Finals series that took place while the Lakers were based in Minneapolis , Minnesota . They remained in Minneapolis one more year before moving to their current home of Los Angeles , California ." }, { "docid": "1951–52_Minneapolis_Lakers_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1951 -- 52 NBA season was the franchise 's fourth season in the NBA . The NBA widened the foul lane before the 1951 -- 52 season in an attempt to slow down George Mikan . Despite the change , it had little effect on Mikan . He still averaged 23.8 points per game , although he lost the scoring title to Paul Arizin , from the Philadelphia Warriors . The Lakers went into the campaign with essentially the same lineup . Rochester took first place in the Western Division by a game , but the Lakers ousted the Royals in four games in the division finals . The NBA Finals would have the Lakers oppose the New York Knickerbockers . Games 3 and 4 of the Finals were played at the 69th Regiment Armory instead of at Madison Square Garden . This was because the circus was in town . The teams split those games , and Games 5 and 6 as well . Game 7 was dominated by Minneapolis . The Lakers pounded out an 82 -- 65 win , at home , to claim their third NBA crown in their first four seasons ." }, { "docid": "2004_NBA_Finals", "title": "", "text": "The 2004 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 2003 -- 04 National Basketball Association season . The Finals were between the Los Angeles Lakers of the Western Conference and the Detroit Pistons of the Eastern Conference ; the Lakers held home court advantage . The series was played under a best-of-seven format , so the first team to collect four game victories would win the series . Although the Lakers were the heavy favorite , the Pistons won the series four games to one to win their first title since 1990 and their fifth overall ( three NBA Championships , two NBL Championships ) . Pistons point guard Chauncey Billups was named as the NBA Finals MVP . The series was noted for the perceived underdog , the Pistons , dominating a Lakers team that had four future Hall of Famers . Pistons owner William Davidson became the first owner in sports history to win two championships in one year . Eight days earlier , the other team that Davidson owned , the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League had won the Stanley Cup in seven games over the Calgary Flames ." }, { "docid": "1985_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "The 1985 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1984 -- 85 season . The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was named NBA Finals MVP for the second time ( he had won the award under his birth name , Lew Alcindor , as a Buck in 1971 ) . The Lakers had been unsuccessful in their previous eight attempts to defeat the Celtics in the NBA Finals , losing 7 times from 1959 -- 1969 and 1984 . The Lakers , moreover , won the title in Boston , something no other NBA team has ever accomplished . The Cavaliers made the playoffs for the first time since 1978 . It was also the first time that all three teams from Texas made the playoffs in the same year . The Denver Nuggets advanced to the conference finals for the first time since 1978 and would not advance that far again until 2009 . The Philadelphia 76ers , on the other hand , advanced to the conference finals for the fifth time in six years , but would not reach that level again until 2001 ." }, { "docid": "1968_NBA_Finals", "title": "", "text": "The 1968 NBA World Championship Series pitted the Boston Celtics from the East , against the Los Angeles Lakers from the West , for the sixth time in ten years . The Celtics won their tenth NBA Championship in twelve seasons , by defeating the Lakers in six games . Significantly , Game 6 of the 1968 NBA Finals marked the first time that any NBA competition had taken place during the month of May ." }, { "docid": "1983_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "The 1983 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1982 -- 83 season . This was the final postseason using the 12-team format , before the NBA expanded the postseason to 16 teams the next season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia 76ers defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 0 in the NBA Finals . Moses Malone was named NBA Finals MVP . Malone made a famous prediction about the Sixers ' chances prior to the playoffs , saying `` Fo ' , fo ' , fo ' '' -- predicting that the Sixers would win 4 games in each of the three series they would play . They nearly accomplished a sweep of all three rounds , only losing one game ( to Milwaukee in the Eastern Conference Finals ) en route to the championship . The Sixers set a record for highest winning percentage in the playoffs that was not broken until the Lakers went 15 -- 1 in 2001 . The Lakers ' mark , however , came after the expansion to the current 16-team , four-round playoff format , which was first implemented in the 1984 playoffs , while the Sixers avoided the first round by virtue of their top seeding . It was the third time in four years that the Lakers and 76ers had met in the NBA Finals , with the Lakers winning the previous two series . After missing the playoffs the previous year , the Blazers began a string of 21 straight playoff appearances in 1983 lasting until 2003 . They made the playoffs 25 out of 26 years from their title-winning season of 1977 -- 2003 . The record was just one season shy of the 22-year playoff run set by the Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers from 1950 -- 1971 . The Celtics were swept out of the playoffs for the first time in team history , losing 4 -- 0 to the Bucks in the second round . This was the Spurs ' last appearance in the Conference Finals until 1995 . However , for players such as George Gervin and Artis Gilmore , the 6-game loss to the Lakers was the last chance they got at reaching the NBA Finals , let alone an NBA Championship ( Gilmore did return to the conference finals with the Celtics in 1988 , but played sparingly ) ." }, { "docid": "1972–73_Los_Angeles_Lakers_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1972-73 NBA season was the Lakers ' 25th season in the NBA and 13th season in Los Angeles . Coming off winning the NBA Finals against the New York Knicks in five games , their sixth NBA Championship , and posting the longest winning streak in NBA history at 33 straight victories , the Lakers hoped to continue their success . However , even though the Lakers managed to make to the NBA Finals again for the third consecutive time , they once again met the New York Knicks for also the third consecutive time , against the team that they defeated in last season 's NBA Finals as well as were defeated by in the season before 's NBA Finals . Unfortunately for the Lakers , just like the season before last season , they were swiftly defeated in five games by the Knicks . Following the season , Wilt Chamberlain retired ." }, { "docid": "Los_Angeles_Lakers", "title": "", "text": "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , their last being in 2010 . As of 2015 , the Lakers are the second most valuable franchise in the NBA according to Forbes , having an estimated value of $ 2.7 billion . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America and winning five of the next six BAA and NBA championships in Minneapolis after the NBA formed in 1949 . The team was propelled by center George Mikan , who is described by the NBA 's official website as the league 's `` first superstar '' . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960 -- 61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Boston Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain to play center , and after losing in the Finals in 1969 and 1970 , they won their sixth NBA title -- and first in Los Angeles -- in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired another center , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who had won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed `` Showtime '' due to their Magic Johnson-led fast break-offense , and won five championships in a 9-year span , including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985 . This team featured Hall of Famers in Johnson , Abdul-Jabbar , and James Worthy , and a Hall of Fame coach , Pat Riley . After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson 's retirement , the team struggled in the early 1990s before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996 . Led by O'Neal , Bryant , and another Hall of Fame coach , Phil Jackson , Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002 , securing the franchise its second `` three-peat '' . After losing both the 2004 and 2008 NBA Finals , the Lakers won two more championships by defeating the Orlando Magic in 2009 and Boston in 2010 . The Lakers hold the record for NBA 's longest winning streak , 33 straight games , set during the 1971 -- 72 season . 21 Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles , while four have coached the team . Four Lakers -- Abdul-Jabbar , Johnson , O'Neal , and Bryant -- have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards ." }, { "docid": "1973_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "The 1973 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1972 -- 73 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion New York Knicks defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . The Knicks won their second ( and most recent ) NBA title . Willis Reed became the first player to be named NBA Finals MVP twice . The playoff format was modified , as only the divisional champions qualified automatically ; two wild-cards were also added from each conference . Once qualification was determined , the four qualifiers were seeded 1 -- 4 based on record ; divisional position no longer mattered . The # 1 seed then played # 4 , and # 2 played # 3 . Because of this new format , New York , the Atlantic Division runner-up , had home-court advantage versus the Baltimore Bullets , the Central Division champion , since the Knicks had the better regular-season record . The Bullets had home-court advantage in the 1972 playoffs versus the Knicks and in the 1971 playoffs versus Philadelphia , even though their record was worse than New York 's and Philadelphia 's were those seasons , because they had won their division , while the Knicks and Sixers were runners-up . This was the second straight time ( and third in the last 4 years ) that the Lakers and Knicks met in the Finals ; the Lakers -- Knicks rivalry ended with two titles won by the Knicks and one by the Lakers . L.A. returned in 1980 ; New York waited until 1994 ." }, { "docid": "Chuck_Nevitt", "title": "", "text": "Charles Goodrich `` Chuck '' Nevitt ( born June 13 , 1959 ) is a retired American professional basketball player , known primarily for his great height . At 7 ft 5 in ( 2.26 m ) , he played the center position throughout his nine-year career ( 1983 , 1985 -- 1990 , 1992 , 1993 ) in the NBA , and remains one of the tallest players ever in NBA history . During his career , Nevitt played with the Houston Rockets , Los Angeles Lakers , Detroit Pistons , Chicago Bulls , Fulgor Libertas Forlì ( Italy ) , and San Antonio Spurs . He usually sported jersey # 52 . Nevitt attended Sprayberry High School in Marietta , Georgia , and played college basketball at North Carolina State University . He was selected in the third round of the 1982 NBA draft by the Houston Rockets , subsequently playing 15 games with the Los Angeles Lakers over 2 seasons . Although playing for nine years , Nevitt appeared in only 155 games , playing a total of 826 minutes , which equates to fewer than 18 complete NBA games . After a return to the Rockets , he also appeared for the Michael Jordan-led Bulls ( during a 1991 -- 92 10-day contract ) , and had 1 game with the Spurs -- the 1993-94 season opener , on November 5 , in which he made 3-of-6 free throws in less than a minute against the Golden State Warriors , being released shortly after . Nevitt played in 16 playoff games , 7 with the Lakers and Pistons and 2 with the Rockets . He was a member of the 1985 Lakers ' championship roster and is the tallest NBA player to ever win an NBA Championship . After leaving the Lakers for the Pistons , Nevitt was on the roster of the Chuck Daly coached team that lost to the Lakers in 7 games in the 1988 NBA Finals . Nevitt is currently an IT professional living in Raleigh , North Carolina ." } ]
104100	Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world for 4 blue years.	[ { "docid": "Google", "title": "", "text": "Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products . These include online advertising technologies , search , cloud computing , software , and hardware . Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University , in California . Together , they own about 14 percent of its shares , and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock . They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4 , 1998 . An initial public offering ( IPO ) took place on August 19 , 2004 , and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View , California , nicknamed the Googleplex . In August 2015 , Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. . Google , Alphabet 's leading subsidiary , will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet 's Internet interests . Upon completion of the restructure , Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google , replacing Larry Page , who became CEO of Alphabet . Rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products , acquisitions , and partnerships beyond Google 's core search engine ( Google Search ) . It offers services designed for work and productivity ( Google Docs , Sheets and Slides ) , email ( Gmail/Inbox ) , scheduling and time management ( Google Calendar ) , cloud storage ( Google Drive ) , social networking ( Google + ) , instant messaging and video chat ( Google Allo/Duo/Hangouts ) , language translation ( Google Translate ) , mapping and turn-by-turn navigation ( Google Maps ) , video sharing ( YouTube ) , notetaking ( Google Keep ) , and photo organizing and editing ( Google Photos ) . The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system , the Google Chrome web browser , and Chrome OS , a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser . Google has moved increasingly into hardware ; from 2010 to 2015 , it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Nexus devices , and in October 2016 , it released multiple hardware products ( including the Google Pixel smartphone , Home smart speaker , Wifi mesh wireless router , and Daydream View virtual reality headset ) . The new hardware chief , Rick Osterloh , stated : `` a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience '' . Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier . In February 2010 , it announced Google Fiber , a fiber-optic infrastructure that was installed in Kansas City ; in April 2015 , it launched Project Fi in the United States , combining Wi-Fi and cellular networks from different providers ; and in 2016 , it announced the Google Station initiative to make public Wi-Fi around the world , which had already been deployed in India . Alexa , a company that monitors commercial web traffic , lists Google.com as the most visited website in the world . Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites , including YouTube and Blogger . Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world for 4 consecutive years , but has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns , tax avoidance , antitrust , censorship , and search neutrality . Google 's mission statement , from the outset , was `` to organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful '' , and its unofficial slogan was `` Do n't be evil '' . In October 2015 , the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase `` Do the right thing '' ." } ]	[ { "docid": "BRF_S.A.", "title": "", "text": "BRF , formerly Brasil Foods S.A. ( BM&FB ovespa : BRFS3 / NYSE : BRFS ) , is a Brazilian food conglomerate created from the merger of Sadia S.A. into Perdigão S.A. For over 80 years , since the inauguration of its first plant in Videira , Santa Catarina , it has been producing animal proteins , processed foods , margarines , pastas , frozen pizzas and vegetables . The company is headquartered in Itajaí . The company was listed by Forbes magazine among the 100 most innovative in the world for two years running , 2012 and 2013 , taking 39th place in the world . The group 's two largest industrial units are located in Uberlândia , Minas Gerais and in Rio Verde , Goiás . In 2015 , BRF processed 1.7 billion birds and 10 million head of hog and cattle . The all-stock merger transaction was approved by Brazil 's antitrust authority CADE on July 13 , 2011 , after the imposition of restrictions that reduced the size of the deal . A study conducted by the Brazilian magazine IstoÉ Dinheiro and Millward Brown Vermeer ranked Sadia and Perdigão one of the 50 most valuable brands in Brazil , in 3rd and 17th place , respectively . The same survey showed that Sadia is the country 's only food brand to figure among the top ten most valuable brands of the decade ." }, { "docid": "Adriana_Lima", "title": "", "text": "Adriana Lima ( -LSB- adɾiˈãnɐ ˈlimɐ -RSB- ; born June 12 , 1981 ) is a Brazilian model and actress , best known as a Victoria 's Secret Angel since 1999 ( being their longest-running model and named `` the most valuable Victoria 's Secret Angel '' in 2017 ) , as a spokesmodel for Maybelline cosmetics since 2003 and for her Super Bowl and Kia Motors commercials . At the age of 15 , Lima won Ford 's `` Supermodel of Brazil '' competition , and took second place the following year in the Ford `` Supermodel of the World '' competition before signing with Elite Model Management in New York City . Lima is currently ranked by Models.com as one of the New Supers in the fashion industry . Since 2014 , Lima has been the world 's second highest-paid model . In 2012 , she came in 4th on the Forbes top-earning models list , estimated to have earned $ 7.3 million in one year . In 2013 , she came in 3rd place and in 2014 she came in 2nd place with earnings of $ 8 million . In 2015 , she came in 2nd place with earnings of $ 9 million . In 2016 , she kept the 2nd place with earnings of $ 10.5 million . Lima is the current brand ambassador for the Barcelona-based clothing brand Desigual , and for the Beachwear collection of Italian brand Calzedonia ." }, { "docid": "Turquoise", "title": "", "text": "Turquoise is an opaque , blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium , with the chemical formula CuAl6 ( PO4 ) 4 ( OH ) 8 · 4H2O . It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue . In recent times , turquoise has been devalued , like most other opaque gems , by the introduction onto the market of treatments , imitations , and synthetics . The substance has been known by many names , but the word turquoise dates to the 17th century and is derived from the French turquois for `` Turkish '' because the mineral was first brought to Europe from Turkey , from mines in the historical Khorasan Province of Persia . Pliny the Elder referred to the mineral as callais and the Aztecs knew it as chalchihuitl ." }, { "docid": "Swoosh", "title": "", "text": "The Swoosh is the logo of American athletic shoe and clothing manufacturer Nike , Inc. . Today , it has become one of the most recognizable brand logos in the world , and the most profitable , having a worth of $ 26 billion alone . Harvard Business School professor , Stephen A. Greyser , has described the logo as `` the living , vibrant symbol of the firm . '' Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight founded Nike on January 25 , 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports ( BRS ) . Upon changing its name to Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 , the company adapted the Swoosh as its official logo the same year . Carolyn Davidson , a student at Portland State University , created the logo , attempting to convey motion in its design . It also symbolizes the wing of Nike , the Greek goddess of victory , from which the company derived its current name . The logo has undergone minor changes from its original design in 1971 , today most commonly seen as a solo swoosh , although for much of its history , the logo incorporated the NIKE name alongside the Swoosh . Over the years , the red and white color palette has traditionally been used on the logo , although most recently a solid black swoosh has gained significant popularity . The Swoosh has appeared alongside the trademark `` Just Do It '' since 1988 . Together , these two make up the core of Nike 's brand , and has been the face of the company , with many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world sporting the logos ." }, { "docid": "Akbank", "title": "", "text": "Akbank is one of the largest banks in Turkey . Founded in 1948 , it had revenues of nearly TL10bn in 2011 . Listed on the Borsa Istanbul , its largest shareholders are members of the Sabancı family . Akbank has ranked as `` The Most Valuable Banking Brand in Turkey '' according to the `` Brand Finance - Banking 500 , 2017 '' report for the sixth time in a row . Akbank also achieved a significant success by ranking as the 127th most valuable banking brand in the report that comprises the most valuable global banking brands ." }, { "docid": "Gucci", "title": "", "text": "Gucci ( -LSB- guːtʃi -RSB- -LSB- ˈɡuttʃi -RSB- ) is an Italian luxury brand of fashion and leather goods , part of the Gucci Group , which is owned by the French holding company Kering . Gucci was founded by Guccio Gucci in Florence in 1921 . Gucci generated about $ 4.2 billion in revenue worldwide in 2008 according to BusinessWeek and climbed to 41st position in the magazine 's annual 2009 `` Top Global 100 Brands '' chart created by Interbrand ; it retained that rank in Interbrand 's 2014 index . Gucci is also the biggest-selling Italian brand . Gucci operates about 278 directly operated stores worldwide as of September 2009 , and it wholesales its products through franchisees and upscale department stores . In the year 2013 , the brand was valued at US$ 12.1 billion , with sales of US$ 4.7 billion . In the Forbes World 's Most Valuable Brands list , Gucci is ranked the 38th most valuable brand , with a brand value of $ 12.4 billion as of May 2015 . As of January 2015 , the creative director is Alessandro Michele ." }, { "docid": "Roy_Dewalt", "title": "", "text": "Roy Dewalt ( born September 4 , 1956 ) is a former Canadian Football League quarterback who , in a career lasting nine years , played for the BC Lions between 1980 and 1987 , and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Ottawa Rough Riders in 1988 . He led the Lions to their second Grey Cup championship in 1985 and was named the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player on offense ." }, { "docid": "Mind_share", "title": "", "text": "Mind share relates generally to the development of consumer awareness or popularity , and is one of the main objectives of advertising and promotion . When people think of examples of a product type or category , they usually think of a limited number of brand names . The aim of mind share is to establish a brand as being one of the best kinds of a given product or service , and to even have the brand name become a synonym for the product or service offered . For example , a prospective buyer of a college education will have several thousand colleges to choose from . However , the evoked set , or set of schools considered , will probably be limited to about ten . Of these ten , the colleges that the buyer is most familiar with will receive the greatest attention . Marketers and promoters of mind share try to maximize the popularity of their product , so that the brand co-exists with deeper , more empirical categories of objects . Kleenex , for example , can distinguish itself as a type of tissue . But , because it has gained popularity amongst consumers , it is frequently used as a term to identify any tissue , even if it is from a competing brand . Q-tips and band-aids would be other examples of this . One of the most successful firms to have achieved pervasive mind share is Hoover , whose name has been synonymous with vacuum cleaner in the UK for many decades . Similarly , the term `` googling '' , describing the act of online searching , was derived from the Internet search engine Google ; however , since Google remains the world 's most popular search engine , it remains to be seen if the term will become generic for all searches . Popularity can be established to a greater or lesser degree depending on product and market . For example , in the Southern U.S. it is common to hear people refer to any cola-flavored soft drink as a `` coke '' , regardless of whether it is actually produced by Coca-Cola or not . A legal risk of such popularity is that the name may become so widely accepted that it becomes a generic term and loses trademark protection . Examples include `` escalator '' , `` panadol '' , `` chapstick '' , `` tupperware '' , and `` bandaid '' . Other objectives of mind share include short or long term increases in sales , market share , product information , and reputation ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Toronto_Blue_Jays_first-round_draft_picks", "title": "", "text": "The Toronto Blue Jays are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . They play in the American League East division . Since the Blue Jays ' entrance into the league in 1977 , the Blue Jays have selected 63 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur clubs to its teams . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . The First-Year Player Draft is unrelated to the 1976 expansion draft in which the Blue Jays initially filled their roster . Of the 63 players picked in the first round by Toronto , 29 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 21 of them were right-handed , while 8 were left-handed . 13 shortstops , 12 outfielders , four third basemen , and three catchers and first basemen were also taken . The team has never drafted a player at second base . 14 of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , and Texas follow with six players . They have also drafted two players from Puerto Rico : Alex Ríos ( 1999 ) and Miguel Negrón ( 2000 ) . Ed Sprague , Jr. ( 1988 ) , who was with the franchise when they won the World Series in 1992 and 1993 , is the only pick to win a championship with the team . None of the Blue Jays ' first-round picks have been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame , and no picks have won the MLB Rookie of the Year award , though Shawn Green ( 1991 ) and Alex Ríos ( 1999 ) finished fifth in the voting in 1995 and 2004 , respectively . Roy Halladay ( 1995 ) is the only first-round pick of the Blue Jays to earn a Cy Young Award with the team , winning in 2003 . Jay Schroeder ( 1979 ) was drafted as a catcher , but ended up becoming a quarterback for ten years in the National Football League . The Blue Jays have made 23 selections in the supplemental round of the draft and 30 compensatory picks since their entry into the league in 1977 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the previous off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Blue Jays have failed to sign two of their first-round picks , James Paxton ( 2009 ) , who opted to return to the University of Kentucky , and Tyler Beede ( 2011 ) . The Blue Jays received the 38th pick in 2010 and the 22nd pick in 2012 as compensation ." }, { "docid": "Google_Street_View", "title": "", "text": "Google Street View is a technology featured in Google Maps and Google Earth that provides panoramic views from positions along many streets in the world . It was launched in 2007 in several cities in the United States , and has since expanded to include cities and rural areas worldwide . Streets with Street View imagery available are shown as blue lines on Google Maps . Google Street View displays panoramas of stitched images . Most photography is done by car , but some is done by trekker , tricycle , walking , boat , snowmobile , and underwater apparatus ." }, { "docid": "List_of_San_Francisco_Giants_first-round_draft_picks", "title": "", "text": "The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise based in San Francisco , California . They play in the National League West division . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is MLB 's primary mechanism for assigning players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur clubs to its franchises . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams which lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . Since the establishment of the draft in 1965 , the Giants have selected 68 players in the first round . Of those 68 players , 32 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 23 of these were right-handed , while 9 were left-handed . The Giants have also selected twelve outfielders , seven shortstops , six catchers , four third basemen , and three players each at first and second base . One player , 2010 selection Gary Brown , was drafted as a center fielder . The franchise has drafted eight players from colleges or high schools in their home state of California , more than any other . The Giants have never held the first-overall pick , but they did have the second pick in 1985 , with which they drafted Will Clark . Four of San Francisco 's first-round draft picks have won three World Series championships with the team -- Matt Cain , Tim Lincecum , Madison Bumgarner , and Buster Posey -- all as part of the 2010 , 2012 and 2014 championship teams . Two of the Giants ' selections have won the National League Rookie of the Year Award : Gary Matthews ( drafted in 1968 ) won in 1973 ; and Posey ( drafted in 2008 ) won the award in 2010 . Posey was also named the National League 's Most Valuable Player in 2012 . Three of the Giants selections have been named the Most Valuable Player of the National League Championship Series ; Matthews in 1983 with Philadelphia , Clark in 1989 and Bumgarner in 2014 . Bumgarner was also named Most Valuable Player of the 2014 World Series . Lincecum , the Giants ' 2006 selection , won the Cy Young Award -- awarded annually to the best pitcher in each league -- in 2008 and 2009 . San Francisco has made 16 selections in the supplemental round of the draft . They have also received 12 compensatory picks since the first draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the previous off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Giants have failed to sign two of their first-round selections : 1979 pick Rick Luecken ; and 1996 pick Matt White . The Giants did not receive any compensation for Luecken , but they did receive the 49th pick in 1997 for failing to sign White ." }, { "docid": "Forbes'_list_of_the_most_valuable_sports_teams", "title": "", "text": "The world 's most valuable sports teams '' ' , as ranked annually by the American magazine Forbes , include teams from soccer , football , baseball , and basketball . National Football League franchise Dallas Cowboys , valued at $ 4 billion , was named the world 's most valuable sports team of 2016 , becoming the first non-association football team to top Forbes '' ranking since its inception in 2010 . English club Manchester United ( 2010 -- 12 ) and Spanish club Real Madrid ( 2013 -- 15 ) have previously each been named the most valuable team three times ." }, { "docid": "Get_into_Bed_with_Google", "title": "", "text": "Get Into Bed With Google : Top ranking search optimisation techniques is a 2008 book by Jon Smith , an Internet marketing expert , entrepreneur , and author of the Amazon.co.uk best seller The Bloke 's Guide To Pregnancy . The book aims to teach business owners how to use ethical search engine optimization techniques to improve the visibility of their webpages on the world 's major search engines and on Google in particular . By September 2008 , Get Into Bed With Google was the most popular book about search engine optimization and had spent 10 weeks in Bookscan 's Top 100 . The book has been translated into Danish , Thai , and German . The book is published in the USA with the title Be # 1 on Google by McGraw-Hill . An updated UK second edition was released in paperback September 2010 ." }, { "docid": "Triple-S_Management_Corporation", "title": "", "text": "The Triple-S Management Corporation ( TSM ) -- commonly known as Triple-S , or SSS -- is an insurance holding company based in San Juan , Puerto Rico , which offers a wide range of insurance products and services in Puerto Rico through its wholly owned subsidiaries . Listed in the NYSE as GTS , Its headquarters are located at 1441 Franklin D. Roosevelt Ave. , in the San Patricio section of San Juan . Triple-S is the leading managed care company in Puerto Rico . With over one million customers , in addition to its core managed care business , TSM operates two complementary businesses in life , and property and casualty insurance . Founded in 1959 , it has become the largest medical insurance provider in Puerto Rico thanks to its licensed affiliation with the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association . Since 1965 , Triple-S , Inc. has been an independent licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association , holding the exclusive rights to the Blue Cross and Blue Shield name and trademark in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands . Triple-S also has operations in Costa Rica as Blue Cross Blue Shield of Costa Rica . This provides its members with valuable access to the Blue Card network in the U.S. . It is the only managed-care company that serves all market sectors , including Medicare , Medicaid , Group and Individual , in Puerto Rico and is one of the most recognized brands locally ." }, { "docid": "Finder-Spyder", "title": "", "text": "Finder-Spyder is a fictional brand of Web search engine that appears in numerous , otherwise unaffiliated television shows , used in the same manner as the fictitious 555 telephone number in TV and film . Its graphic appearance varies , at times bearing a similarity to Google . It has been called `` an unofficial , open source stand-in for Google and its competitors '' ( used as a legality-free alternative to a brand-name product ) , and `` the most popular search engine in the TV universe . '' Finder-Spyder is a regular top 10 pick in `` best fictional brand '' lists by various online media , along with Oceanic Airlines , Morley cigarettes , Acme Corporation , and others . Finder-Spyder offers search engines for Web , images , news , forums , and blogs , also , Phone Trace , a for-a-fee reverse phone number lookup tool ." }, { "docid": "Charlie_Shepard", "title": "", "text": "Charlie Shepard was an award-winning , all-star and Grey Cup champion running back in the Canadian Football League with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers from 1957 to 1962 . A graduate of North Texas State University , Shepard played with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1956 , rushing for 91 yards in 12 games . He next joined the Blue Bombers in 1957 for an all-star 6-year stay . He would play in the Grey Cup championship game 5 of those years , winning 4 times . His best season was 1959 , when he rushed for 1076 yards , was an all-star and was Grey Cup Most Valuable Player ( rushing for 247 yards ) . He rushed for 3768 yards with the Bombers and was an excellent punter , never averaging less than 43.1 yards per punt in a season . He has since been inducted into the Winnipeg Football Club Hall of Fame , in 1992 , and the North Texas State University Athletic Hall of Fame in 2005 . Charlie Shepard died July 23 , 2009 , age 76 ." }, { "docid": "India's_Most_Attractive_Brands", "title": "", "text": "India 's Most Attractive Brands - 2013 is an annual study based on a primary research conducted across 16 Indian cities based on TRA 's ( Trust Research Advisory ) proprietary 36-attribute Attractiveness Matrix . The research report is available in hardcase . The research studies the magnetic property of attractiveness that a brand displays and its influences and preferences on brand influencers . The report also lists the 1200 of India 's Most Attractive Brands . In its inaugural year , Samsung Mobiles was listed as India 's Most Attractive Brand , followed by Sony as the second Most Attractive . Nokia ranked third and was followed in fourth position by South Korean electronics major , LG . Tata , the Indian conglomerate was ranked as India 's fifty Most Attractive Brand in 2013 . India 's Top 20 Attractive Brands come from 8 categories with Personal Accessories represented by 5 brands , 3 each for Diversified and FMCG , 2 from Durables , F&B , Personal Gadgets and Technology and 1 brand from among Automobiles . The category-wise Most Attractive brands include : Apparel - Raymond , Automobile - Maruti Suzuki , Tyres-MRF , BFSI - LIC , F&B - Amul , Healthcare - Dabur , Hospitality - Trident , Internet - Google , Media ( Print ) - AnandoBazaar Patrika , Media ( TV ) - NDTV , Retail - KFC and Technology - Dell ." }, { "docid": "Super_Eight_Most_Valuable_Player", "title": "", "text": "The Super Eight Most Valuable Player is an award for the best individual performance during the Super Eight in Brockton , Massachusetts . The recipient of the award is announced at the completion of the Super Eight Championship Game . The award is similar to Major League Baseball 's World Series Most Valuable Player award . Since 2014 , the winner of the award has received a wooden bat engraved with the award title . Nobody has yet to win the award from the losing team of the Super Eight Baseball Tournament . The Super Eight started in 2014 , and the award has been given out every year , from the start . Braintree 's Scott Creedon became the first and only player to win back-to-back MVP Awards . In 2016 , Creedon was also named ESPNBoston Mr. Baseball for best player in the state throughout the season ." }, { "docid": "List_of_WWE_Intercontinental_Champions", "title": "", "text": "right \| thumb \| 200px \| Two-time and current champion Dean Ambrose The WWE Intercontinental Championship is a professional wrestling championship contested in and owned by the American promotion WWE on the Raw brand . The title was introduced into WWE in 1979 , which was known as the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) at the time . Pat Patterson , holder of the WWF North American Heavyweight Championship , was awarded the title ( with the kayfabe explanation that he won a tournament in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil and unified the North American and South American titles ) . The Intercontinental Championship has been called the second most important championship in the company , after the WWE Championship . It has been active in WWE for the second longest period , but is the third oldest active title , behind the WWE Championship ( 1963 ) and the United States Championship ( 1975 ) , the latter of which was acquired from World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) in 2001 . In 2002 , the WWF was renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , and the championship was renamed as the WWE Intercontinental Championship . As a result of the 2017 WWE Superstar Shake-up , it is exclusively contested on the Raw brand . Overall , there have been 78 different Intercontinental Champions . Chris Jericho holds the record for the most reigns with nine , The Honky Tonk Man holds the longest reign at 454 days . Only three more wrestlers -- Pedro Morales , Don Muraco , and Randy Savage -- have held the championship for a continuous reign of more than a year . The current champion is Dean Ambrose , in his second reign , after defeating The Miz at SmackDown Live on January 3 , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "Robert_K._Yin", "title": "", "text": "Robert K. Yin is an American social scientist and President of COSMOS Corporation , known for his work on case study research as well as on qualitative research . Over the years , his work on case study research has been frequently cited . Google Scholar listed it as the second highest methodological work ( see Table 3 in the following link ) , qualitative or quantitative , over a 20-year period : http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2016/05/12/what-are-the-most-cited-publications-in-the-social-sciences-according-to-google-scholar/" }, { "docid": "Premio_Planeta_de_Novela", "title": "", "text": "The Premio Planeta de Novela is a Spanish literary prize , awarded since 1952 by the Spanish publisher Grupo Planeta to an original novel written in Spanish ( Castilian ) . It is one of about 16 literary prizes given by Planeta . Financially , it is the second most valuable literary award in the world after the Nobel Prize for Literature with the winner receiving $ 601,000 . In terms of a single book prize , it is the most valuable in the world . It was created by José Manuel Lara Hernández in 1952 and is awarded on 15 October , St Teresa 's day , Teresa being the name of Lara 's wife . Since 1974 there has also been an award to the runner up , which now stands at $ 150,000 ." }, { "docid": "Galaxy_Nexus", "title": "", "text": "The Galaxy Nexus ( GT-I9250 ) is a touchscreen Android smartphone co-developed by Google and Samsung Electronics . It is the third smartphone in the Google Nexus series , a family of Android consumer devices built by an original equipment manufacturer partner . The phone is the successor to Google 's previous flagship phones , the Nexus One and Nexus S. The Galaxy Nexus has a high-definition ( 1280 × 720 ) Super AMOLED display with a Dragontrail curved glass surface , an improved camera , and was the first Android version 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich device . The name is the result of co-branding between the Samsung Galaxy and Google Nexus brands of Android smartphones . The device is known as the Galaxy X in Brazil , however , due to a trademark on the `` Nexus '' brand . The Galaxy Nexus was unveiled jointly by Google and Samsung on 19 October 2011 in Hong Kong . It was released in Europe on 17 November 2011 . It is one of the few phones recommended by the Android Open Source Project for building Android from source . By 29 October 2012 , the Galaxy Nexus was no longer available for sale on the Google Play Store , following the release of its successor , the LG Nexus 4 ." }, { "docid": "Henning_Fritz", "title": "", "text": "Henning Fritz ( born September 21 , 1974 in Magdeburg , Germany ) is a retired German Handball goalkeeper , and the first goalkeeper to be named World Player of the Year , in 2004 . Fritz is a relatively short goalkeeper ( only 1.88 m ) who began playing major-league handball with SC Magdeburg . He moved to THW Kiel in 2001 and has been a member of the Men 's German National Handball team since 2002 . The German team took second place in the European championships in Sweden that year and another second place in the world championships 2003 in Portugal . In 2004 he participated in the teams success in Slovenia , where they took the European Championships . In 2004 in Athens he played with the team to another second place . The opening game of the 2007 Men 's Handball World Cup was his 200th game on the national team . He played a great championship , became Most Valuable Player in several games and was nominated for the All Star Team . Fritz is currently the goalkeeping coach of the German national team ." }, { "docid": "Isis_Nyong'o", "title": "", "text": "Isis Nyong ' o Madison is a Kenyan American media and technology entrepreneur . She is a principal at strategic advisory firm Asphalt & Ink was previously with InMobi , Google and MTV in Africa . She is a Senior Advisor at Albright Stonebridge Group . Branded as one of `` Africa 's Top 20 Youngest Power Women '' by Forbes , Isis has made her mark scaling media and digital businesses across the continent over the past decade . As MD of Africa for InMobi , Isis quickly became recognised as a global thought leader on mobile advertising in Africa . Prior to InMobi , Isis specialized in mobile and local content partnerships at Google and led MTV Network 's commercial entry into Africa as a founding member of that team . Isis holds degrees from Stanford University and Harvard Business School . Isis has been named as one of the top 40 women under 40 in Kenya for several years as well as shortlisted on the Forbes Top 20 Youngest Power Women in Africa , on IT News Africa 's Top 10 Women in ICT and Africa 's most powerful women in tech 2013 . She serves on the board of the Mango Tree Orphan Trust in Kenya . She was selected as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum in 2012 . Her family includes politician Peter Anyang ' Nyong ' o and Academy Award winning actress Lupita Nyong ` o." }, { "docid": "Tata_Steel", "title": "", "text": "Tata Steel Limited ( formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited ( TISCO ) ) is an Indian multinational steel-making company headquartered in Mumbai , Maharashtra , India , and a subsidiary of the Tata Group . It was the 10th largest steel producing company in the world in 2015 , with an annual crude steel capacity of 25.3 million tonnes , and the second largest steel company in India ( measured by domestic production ) with an annual capacity of 9.7 million tonnes after SAIL Tata Steel has manufacturing operations in 26 countries , including Australia , China , India , the Netherlands , Singapore , Thailand and the United Kingdom , and employs around 80,500 people . Its largest plant is located in Jamshedpur , Jharkhand . In 2007 Tata Steel acquired the UK-based steel maker Corus . It was ranked 486th in the 2014 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world 's biggest corporations . It was the seventh most valuable Indian brand of 2013 as per Brand Finance ." }, { "docid": "Dick_Suderman_Trophy", "title": "", "text": "The Dick Suderman Trophy for the Grey Cup 's Most Valuable Canadian is awarded annually to the Canadian player deemed to have the best performance in the Grey Cup game , the championship of the Canadian Football League . No kicker has ever been the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player , but kickers have been the Most Valuable Canadian twelve times . Dave Sapunjis is the only player to win the award in back-to-back years . The winner does not necessarily have to play for the Grey Cup winning team in order to qualify . The trophy is named in honour of Dick Suderman , a Canadian defensive lineman in the Canadian Football League . One year after winning the Grey Cup 's Most Valuable Canadian award in 1971 ( the first year it was awarded ) , Suderman collapsed and died from a brain hemorrhage after playing a game in Vancouver , British Columbia against the B.C. Lions . The trophy was subsequently renamed in his honour ." }, { "docid": "Red_White_&_Blue_Beer", "title": "", "text": "Red White & Blue Beer was a brand of American beer , originally produced by the Pabst Brewing Company . Pre-Prohibition advertisements lauded its `` mellow '' taste and drinkability . Returning after Prohibition , the brand 's name alone would have been a selling point , during the patriotic American sensibilities of World War II and after . The brand experienced a popular resurgence in the early 1980s , during the country 's economic recession . A series of folksy , radio editorial-style commercials by Harmon R. Whittle poked fun at politicians of the day , suggesting that Red White & Blue Beer might be a less-expensive , more effective means of promoting America abroad , than foreign aid or other programs , as `` an honest beer , at an honest price . '' In any case , sales of the brand climbed by sixty percent , after the advertisements began to air , and store displays began to carry Whittle 's signature . In latter days , the brand was notable for its low price ( comparable to Hamm 's Beer or Schaefer Beer ) and thus its popularity among drinkers on a budget ( including college students and low-income persons ) . Other drinkers spurned the brand , however , giving the beer low ratings and unfavorable comparisons . Neither Pabst.com nor MillerBrewing.com ( Miller has taken over most of Pabst 's brewing operations ) include the brand on their current rosters , and Red White & Blue Beer is presumed to be out of production . However , a September 16 , 2010 article in Business Week ( `` Keeping Pabst Blue Ribbon Cool '' ) mentioned that the young owners of Pabst are also planning on reviving other `` dead '' brands they have the rights to , including Red White & Blue Beer . The article features owners Evan and Daren Metropoulos planning their revival of the brand via a patriotic appeal that directly contributes to military charities ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Kansas_City_Royals_first-round_draft_picks", "title": "", "text": "The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Kansas City , Missouri . The franchise , founded in 1969 , plays in the American League Central division . Since the institution of Major League Baseball 's Rule 4 Draft , the Royals have selected 56 players in the first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is Major League Baseball 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its franchises . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings with the team that had the worst record receiving the first pick . In addition , teams that lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . The First-Year Player Draft is unrelated to the 1968 expansion draft in which the Royals initially filled their roster . Of the 56 players first-round draft picks , 30 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 20 of these were right-handed , while 10 were left-handed . Twelve outfielders were selected , and eight shortstops , three catchers , and two third basemen were taken . The team also selected one player at first base , but has never drafted a second baseman . Fifteen of the players came from institutions in the state of California , while Florida and Texas follow with seven players each . The Royals have drafted two players , Luke Hochevar ( 2006 ) and Aaron Crow ( 2009 ) , who were playing in the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball at the time of their draft . Both had been drafted previously by other major league teams but had chosen to play for the Fort Worth Cats instead . They have also drafted one player from Puerto Rico : Juan Lebron ( 1995 ) . Two of their first-round picks have won World Series championships with the team . Outfielder Willie Wilson ( 1974 ) and shortstop Buddy Biancalana ( 1978 ) appeared during the Royals ' 1985 World Series victory . Zack Greinke ( 2002 ) is the only first-round pick of the Royals to earn a Cy Young Award with the team , winning in 2009 . Royals ' first-round picks have never won Rookie of the Year or Most Valuable Player awards , and no pick has been elected to the Hall of Fame . The Royals have made seven selections in the supplemental round of the draft . They have made the first overall selection in the draft once , in 2006 . The club has had 13 compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the prior off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . The Royals ' first-ever pick , John Simmons ( 1969 ) , did not sign with the club but they received no compensatory pick ." }, { "docid": "1969_NBA_Playoffs", "title": "", "text": "The 1969 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1968 -- 69 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics defeating the Western Division champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals . Despite finishing in 4th place , the Celtics won their second straight NBA title , marking their 11th overall as their era of 1960s dominance drew to a close . They upset Philadelphia and New York on the way to the Finals . Out west , the San Francisco Warriors stunned the Lakers by winning the first 2 in L.A. , and Bay Area fans were thinking of avenging the prior year 's sweep by the Lakers with a sweep of their own . But the Lakers won 4 straight to win the series in 6 . This year marked the debut of the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award ; it was awarded to Jerry West of the Lakers , which marks the only time so far that the trophy has been given to a player on the losing team . The second-year San Diego Rockets made their first playoff appearance ; the next time they appeared was in 1975 as the Houston Rockets ." }, { "docid": "Sitelink", "title": "", "text": "Sitelinks are hyperlinks to website subpages that appear under certain Google listings in order to help users navigate the site . The site owner can not add any sitelinks ; Google adds them through its own secret automated algorithms.If you have a Google Adwords program you can create campaign and adgroup level sitelinks . The site owner can , however , block individual sitelinks , which may be useful if he deems them unhelpful . In Google , there are a minimum of one and a maximum of ten sitelinks per site . According to John I Jerkovic , `` Every site should strive to get sitelinks , as they imply authority as well as web presence . Sitelinks also occupy additional search results screen real estate , the space that pushes your competitors further down the results page -- something to be desired . '' Sitelinks are also said to appear `` on some search results where Google thinks one result is far more relevant than other results ( like navigational or brand related searches ) '' . Search engine optimization experts consider sitelinks to be an important measure of how `` trusted '' a site is , and accordingly have attempted to deduce what causes them to appear . These efforts have included looking at Google patents . According to these patents , sitelinks are derived from user behavior , in particular , the number of times a page has been accessed , the amount of time spent on the page , and from the content of the page itself -- whether the page contains commercial transactions , etc. . In an alternative embodiment , it is suggested that web-site providers might provide the search engine system with a list of favoured web-pages within their own web-site . Sitelinks with less than 15 characters seem to perform best , according to Google Senior Product Manager Jerry Dischler . There is also an unrelated paid Sitelinks feature associated with Google sponsored links , that allows site owners to submit up to 10 links and allow Google to pick the 4 that are most pertinent to the search ." } ]
10895	Instagram is a photo-sharing application.	[ { "docid": "Instagram", "title": "", "text": "Instagram is a mobile , desktop , and internet-based photo-sharing application and service that allows users to share pictures and videos either publicly or privately . It was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger , and launched in October 2010 as a free mobile app exclusively for the iOS operating system . A version for Android devices was released two years later , in April 2012 , followed by a feature-limited website interface in November 2012 , and apps for Windows 10 Mobile and Windows 10 in April 2016 and October 2016 respectively . Instagram lets registered users upload photos or videos to the service . Users can apply various digital filters to their images , and add locations through geotags . They can add hashtags to their posts , linking the photos up to other content on Instagram featuring the same subject or overall topic . Users can connect their Instagram account to other social media profiles , enabling them to share photos to those profiles as well . Originally , a distinctive feature of Instagram was its confining of photos to a square ; this was changed in August 2015 , when an update started allowing users to upload media at full size . In June 2012 , an `` Explore '' tab was introduced in the mobile apps , showing users a variety of media , including ( but not limited to ) popular photos and photos taken at nearby locations , trending tags and places , channels for recommended videos , and curated content . Support for videos was originally launched in June 2013 , and had a 15-second maximum duration and limited quality , with Instagram later adding support for widescreen and longer videos . Private messaging , called Instagram Direct , was launched with basic photo-sharing functionality in December 2013 , and has gradually received major updates incorporating more features . Updates include easier private sharing from the news feed , threaded conversations , sharing locations and hashtag pages , increased support for text and emoji , and the ability to make photos `` disappear '' after being viewed by the recipient . In August 2016 , Instagram introduced a `` Stories '' feature , letting users add photos to a story , with the content disappearing after 24 hours . Instagram added live-video functionality to Stories in November 2016 , augmented reality stickers in April 2017 , and face filters in May 2017 . After its launch in 2010 , Instagram rapidly gained popularity , with one million registered users in two months , 10 million in a year , and ultimately 700 million as of April 2017 . Its users have uploaded over 40 billion photos to the service as of October 2015 . , the Instagram Stories functionality has over 200 million active users , while Instagram Direct has 375 million active users . Instagram was acquired by Facebook in April 2012 for approximately US$ 1 billion in cash and stock . The popularity of Instagram has sparked an engaging community , including dedicated `` trends '' , in which users post specific types of photos on specific days of the week with a hashtag representing a common theme . Instagram has received positive reviews for its iOS app , and it has been named `` one of the most influential social networks in the world '' . However , the company has been the subject of criticism on several issues , most notably incidents of drug sales on the platform , allegations of censorship towards women , and a May 2017 survey in the United Kingdom concluding that the service was bad for young mental health ." } ]	[ { "docid": "23snaps", "title": "", "text": "23snaps is a free , private social network and photo sharing service for families that allows parents to save photos , videos , measurements and stories of their children to a digital journal and privately share those updates with other family members or close friends . 23snaps is available online and on mobile devices and launched 1 June 2012 . 23snaps was initially available as an iPhone application and a website , and later released apps for Android , iPad , and Windows 8 . The company competes with other private photo sharing services for families such as Notabli and Everyme and social networks that allow photo sharing such as Instagram and Facebook . The company is based in London , and was founded by former Espotting executive Ivailo Jordanov and Yury Tereshchenko . The company is self-funded by the founders . 23snaps generates revenue through the sale of photo books and photo prints . In November 2013 , 23snaps announced that the service had passed half a million users in 179 countries ." }, { "docid": "List_of_most_liked_Instagram_pictures", "title": "", "text": "This list of most liked Instagram pictures contains the top 10 posts with the most likes of all time on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram . Like counts are based on the Instagram website . As of , the most liked picture on Instagram is Beyoncé 's twin pregnancy announcement with over 11 million likes , though Selena Gomez owns 9 of the top 10 ( and 25 of the top 30 ) most liked photos ." }, { "docid": "List_of_most_followed_users_on_Instagram", "title": "", "text": "This list of most followed users on Instagram contains the Top 50 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram . As of , the most followed user is Instagram 's own account , with 223 million followers ." }, { "docid": "Facetune", "title": "", "text": "Facetune is a photo editing application ( `` app '' ) used to edit , enhance , and retouch photos on a user 's iPhone , iPad , Android or Windows Phone device . The app is often used for ( yet not limited to ) portrait and selfie editing -LSB- 9 -RSB- . Features allow users to whiten teeth , remove blemishes , smooth skin , reshape , defocus and blur . Facetune users can also choose from a variety of filters , lighting , textures , contrast , and frame options . Demo photos are downloaded with the app for practicing purposes , and a help button is found within each feature . Facetune enables users to share their pictures on a variety of social networking services , including Facebook , Twitter , Tumblr , Flickr and Instagram ." }, { "docid": "PicsArt_Photo_Studio", "title": "", "text": "PicsArt is an image editing , collage and drawing application and a social network . PicsArt enables users to take and edit pictures , draw with layers , and share their images with the PicsArt community and on other networks like Facebook and Instagram . The app is available on iOS , Android , and Windows mobile devices . It is also available on PCs running Windows 8.1 or higher . The company has received more than $ 45 million in venture funding from Sequoia Capital , Insight Venture Partners , and others ." }, { "docid": "Dronestagram", "title": "", "text": "Dronestagram is a photo sharing community dedicated to drone photography . The site that has been described as `` Instagram for drones '' , allows hobbyists to share their geo-referenced aerial photos and videos . The site launched in July 2013 by Eric Dupin and is owned by his company Dronescape . The project is based in Lyon , France . There is also an dronestagram iOS app ." }, { "docid": "Image_sharing", "title": "", "text": "Image sharing , or photo sharing , is the publishing or transfer of a user 's digital photos online . Image sharing websites offer services such as uploading , hosting , managing and sharing of photos ( publicly or privately ) . This function is provided through both websites and applications that facilitate the upload and display of images . The term can also be loosely applied to the use of online photo galleries that are set up and managed by individual users , including photoblogs . Sharing means that other users can view but not necessarily download images , and users can select different copyright options for their images . While photoblogs tend only to display a chronological view of user-selected medium-sized photos , most photo sharing sites provide multiple views ( such as thumbnails and slideshows ) , the ability to classify photos into albums , and add annotations ( such as captions or tags ) . Desktop photo management applications may include their own photo-sharing features or integration with sites for uploading images to them . There are also desktop applications whose sole function is sharing images , generally using peer-to-peer networking . Basic image sharing functionality can be found in applications that allow you to email photos , for example by dragging and dropping them into pre-designed templates . Photo sharing is not confined to the web and personal computers , but is also possible from portable devices such as camera phones , either directly or via MMS . Some cameras now come equipped with wireless networking and similar sharing functionality themselves ." }, { "docid": "Microsoft_Photos", "title": "", "text": "Microsoft Photos is an image viewer , image organizer , photo editor and photo sharing app included with the Windows 8 and Windows 10 operating systems as a functional replacement for Windows Photo Viewer and a partial replacement for Photo Gallery . It was first included as one of many Metro apps new to Windows 8 that could be uninstalled from the system . In Windows 10 , it is integrated more deeply with the operating system and can not be uninstalled without third-party software . Photos is a Windows Store app that has received major out-of-band feature updates . Photos has Microsoft Sway integration and can use selected photos as a source for creating a Sway . Photos also allows sharing of photos by uploading them to OneDrive , Facebook , Twitter , Instagram , GroupMe , and emails . Unlike Photo Gallery , Photos does not have integration with Movie Maker and can not directly interact with it . Photos has two interfaces , a management interface and a viewing interface ." }, { "docid": "Timehop", "title": "", "text": "Timehop is an application for smartphones that collects old photos and posts from Facebook , Instagram , Twitter , and Dropbox photos and distributes the past . The company was founded in 2011 by Jonathan Wegener and Benny Wong . As of January 2016 , Timehop has 12 million users ." }, { "docid": "Yinztagram", "title": "", "text": "Yinztagram is a free photography mobile app for iOS that allows users to superimpose images of Pittsburgh landmarks in photos . The name `` Yinztagram '' is a portmanteau of yinz , a term from Pittsburghese , and Instagram , a popular photo application . The most recent version 1.2 was released on September 15 , 2012 . The Pittsburgh landmarks available in the program include Rick Sebak , Dippy , and Primanti Brothers sandwiches . As part of the celebration of Rick Sebak 's 25th year WQED , the PBS station worked with the owners of at Yinztagram to expand the offerings of Rick Sebak photos . The programmers are always taking requests for new landmarks . The creator of the program , Matthew Pegula , is a programmer for Deeplocal , an East Liberty web design company ; he is a self-proclaimed `` distant relative '' of multibillionaire Terry Pegula . Pegula began the project after his friend Drew Von Arx made jokes about Instagram and the possibility of adding Pittsburgh landmarks . Mackenzie Carpenter of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , describing the examples of Rick Sebak appearing in Yinztagram photos ." }, { "docid": "Pongr", "title": "", "text": "Pongr is a mobile photo marketing and technology company that develops image recognition , artificial intelligence and direct response advertising tools for companies of all sizes to monetize their customer-shared photos on social networks . Brands use the Pongr platform to automate and manage direct-response programs , loyalty and social campaigns , multi-channel promotions and shopper marketing initiatives . Pongr 's image recognition technology is used by brands such as Pepsi , Frito-Lay , Arby 's , Nestle and 7-Eleven to make logos and product packaging interactive with mobile phone cameras . The Pongr system processes customer-submitted photos as the entries in contests , sweepstakes and promotions , and also ties photo sharing on social networks to brand loyalty programs . Pongr is an alternative technology to QR codes or bar codes . In the crowded photo app and photo-sharing software market , Pongr is positioning itself as the only social sharing platform for brands that can monetize the millions of customer photos posted daily on Twitter , Facebook , Instagram and other sites . Consumer photos are monetized by integrating them with brands ' existing CRM databases . The company is headquartered in Boston , Massachusetts , with a software development office in Des Moines , Iowa , and a computer vision R & D lab in Tel Aviv , Israel ." }, { "docid": "IFTTT", "title": "", "text": "IFTTT is a free web-based service that people use to create chains of simple conditional statements , called applets . An applet is triggered by changes that occur within other web services such as Gmail , Facebook , Instagram , or Pinterest . An applet may send an e-mail message if the user tweets using a hashtag or copy a photo on Facebook to a user 's archive if someone tags a user in a photo . IFTTT is an initialism for If This Then That . In addition to the Web-based application , IFTTT runs on iOS and Android . On February , 2015 , IFTTT renamed their original application to IF , and released a new suite of apps called Do which lets users to create shortcut applications and actions . As of 2015 , IFTTT users created about 20 million `` recipes '' each day . All of the functionalities of the Do suite of apps have since been integrated into a redesigned IFTTT app ." }, { "docid": "Marnie_(dog)", "title": "", "text": "Marnie is a 15-year-old female Shih Tzu senior rescue dog adopted and owned by Shirley Braha . Photos of Marnie have been popular on Instagram and Twitter ; as a result , Marnie 's Instagram account has over one million Instagram followers and each of the photos have received hundreds of thousands of Instagram likes ; Marnie 's Twitter account has received over 75,000 followers . Braha also posts short videos of Marnie on Vine , which have also garnered significant attention . In August 2012 Marnie was moved to an animal shelter by animal control as an abandoned street dog living in Connecticut . Four months later , she was adopted by Braha via Petfinder . Marnie 's popularity originated from her photos on Instagram , under the handle @marniethedog , which Braha has updated since 2014 . Marnie is especially famous for her permanent head tilt to the left , a result of a brief case of vestibular disease ." }, { "docid": "Jen_Selter", "title": "", "text": "Jennifer `` Jen '' Selter ( born August 8 , 1993 ) is an American Internet celebrity and fitness model . She attracted significant media attention for her large buttocks , initially on the photo-sharing website Instagram ." }, { "docid": "Picasa_Web_Albums", "title": "", "text": "Picasa Web Albums ( PWA ) was an image hosting and sharing web service from Google , often compared to Flickr and similar sites . The service links with Google 's photo organizing desktop program Picasa . It was discontinued in May 2016 and succeeded by Google Photos . It allowed users with a Google account to store and share photos with an initial free storage offering of 15 GB , that is shared with Gmail and Google Drive . Storage was unlimited for photos of resolution less than 2048x2048 pixels for Google + users , and for photos of resolution less than 800x800 for everyone else . Videos shorter than 15 minutes also do n't count towards the limit . Once the storage is full , uploaded photos are automatically resized to fit the resolution for unlimited storage . On February 12 , 2016 , Google announced that the service as well as the application will be discontinued on May 1 , 2016 and March 15 , 2016 , respectively . Existing users of the application will still be able to use the application . Existing users of the service were advised to use Google Photos , which already stores the photos in Picasa Web Albums and is a new place for viewing , downloading and deleting ( but not editing or organizing ) the albums along with their meta-data will be created in the future ." }, { "docid": "Polarr", "title": "", "text": "Polarr is a photo editing software startup company headquartered in Mountain View , California . Polarr was founded in August 2014 by two former Stanford University masters ' students , Borui Wang , and Enhao Gong . The company receives initial funding from Pejman Mar Ventures and StartX . Polarr produces a family of products in the realm of Digital image processing : Polarr Online Photo Editor was released in February 2015 as an in-browser photo editor serving pro photographers . It is one of the first photo editors supporting RAW photo editing in web browsers . Polarr Photo Editor for iOS was released in June 2015 . The app is similar to Polarr 's in-browser photo editor and received more than 250K downloads within 48 hours of launch . Polarr Photo Editor for Android was released in July 2015 . The app is similar to Polarr 's in-browser photo editor . Later in 2015 , Polarr released Polarr Photo Editor for Windows 10 and a Polarr Photo Editor for Mac OS X with similar functionalities as their online web app . Polarr 's iOS app was awarded App Store Best of 2015 in December 2015 . All Polarr 's products are available free without creation of a user account . Users will be able to upload photos from local hard drives , the phone camera roll , or Dropbox for edit , and export to Facebook , Twitter or Instagram . Because it is a web application , which runs on mobile platforms through WebKit , Polarr 's mobile applications were able to be built in under two months each . Polarr is currently building an `` intelligent processing engine '' that learns the user 's style and taste to render high-resolution edits of the user 's photos . Besides producing software , Polarr also produces general guidelines for photo editing ." }, { "docid": "Benjamin_Peltonen", "title": "", "text": "Benjamin Peltonen ( born 15 April 1997 ) , known mononymously as Benjamin is a Finnish singer . Peltonen originally became famous through the photo-sharing service Instagram , where his profile , opened in 2012 , has more than 360,000 followers . In May 2014 Peltonen signed a record deal with the record company Warner Music Finland ." }, { "docid": "Mobli", "title": "", "text": "Mobli was a social mobile photo and video-sharing website founded by Israeli entrepreneurs and brothers Moshe and Oded Hogeg . As of 2016 the service was shut down and the company placed into bankruptcy . The Israel-based company had very high expectations to compete with similarly-purposed rivals Vine and Instagram . but never managed to attain a reliable user base and was shut down in mid 2016 ." }, { "docid": "4KDownload", "title": "", "text": "4K Download is a range of shareware , cross-platform programs developed by Open Media LLC . All applications run on Mac , Windows and Linux . 4K Download allows users to download videos and audio from video hosting sites such as YouTube , Facebook and Vimeo , make a photo backup from Instagram , create and publish slideshows and extract audio from video . The name of the project refers to the name of the video resolution -- 4K ." }, { "docid": "Path_(social_network)", "title": "", "text": "Path is a social networking-enabled photo sharing and messaging service for mobile devices that was launched in November 2010 . The service allows users to share up to a total of 500 contacts with their close friends and family . Dave Morin , co-founder and CEO , says : `` Our long-term grand vision here is to build a network that is very high quality and that people feel comfortable contributing to at any time . '' The company began with an iPhone application and a website . Later they released apps for Android , iPad , and Windows Phone . The company competes with other social networks such as Instagram . Path established innovations in UI design that continue through other mobile applications including context sensitive bubbles and the three bar menu slide . Based in San Francisco , California , the company was founded by Shawn Fanning and former Facebook executive Dave Morin . Path 's initial $ 2.5 million funding round included Ron Conway , Index Ventures , First Round Capital , Ashton Kutcher , Kevin Rose , Marc Benioff , Chris Kelly , and others . It subsequently raised $ 30 million in venture capital from Redpoint Ventures . On January 11 , 2014 , the company announced it had raised another $ 25 million in venture funding from Indonesian Bakrie Group , Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers , Index Ventures , Greylock Partners , Insight Venture Partners , Redpoint Ventures , and First Round Capital . Indonesia is the world 's largest Path userbase with more than 4 million users . On May 28 , 2015 , Path announced it has been acquired for an undisclosed amount by Daum Kakao ." }, { "docid": "17_(app)", "title": "", "text": "17 is a free mobile app similar to Periscope and Instagram designed by a Taiwan pop singer Jeffery Huang . It includes live video streaming , instant photo and video sharing functions . It is used in both iOS and Android smartphone systems . The aim of 17 app is to create an `` easy to use , instant to share , customer equality and interest sharing '' content sharing platform . It was first launched in Apple App Store on 5 June 2015 , and sooner in Play Store on 10 June 2015 . and 28 September 2015 ( Apple App Store ) respectively . Recently , the app has been re-released in Apple App Store on 28 October 2015 Because the app featured many Asian celebrities and profit sharing incentives , it quickly became the most popular app in Taiwan , Malaysia , Hong Kong , Singapore and Indonesia with approximately 700 thousand daily active users ." }, { "docid": "Zitrr_Camera", "title": "", "text": "Zitrr Camera is an iPhone Camera app developed by Zitrr -- a division of Rootwork Systems . The app can be used to apply real-time filters , effects and lenses to both photos and videos . Zitrr Camera provides 8 different shooting modes and 6 grid modes , has a gallery that allows the user to add tags , search for photos by location , tags and date , and view the captured photos as a slideshow . Zitrr Camera also provides integrated sharing options via Facebook , Twitter , YouTube , Flickr , Instagram , Tumblr , Google + and direct emailing . Zitrr Camera has generally received positive reception . AppAdvice has reviewed the app as `` fast , fluid , responsive and has plenty of features even for the power user . '' Knolpad says `` Effects in Zitrr Camera contain exactly what is required to give an artistic touch to your perfect photos . With the unique Effects , you can try sketch effect on your photographs , enhance the contours of the figures , or give it an embossed feel . '' iOSnoops has given Zitrr Camera a 4 star rating and a verdict of `` Great '' ." }, { "docid": "IPhoto", "title": "", "text": "iPhoto is a discontinhed digital photograph manipulation software application developed by Apple Inc. . It was included with every Macintosh personal computer from 2002 to 2015 , when it was replaced with Apple 's Photos application . Originally sold as part of the iLife suite of digital media management applications , iPhoto can import , organize , edit , print and share digital photos ." }, { "docid": "WallaMe", "title": "", "text": "WallaMe is a free iOS and Android app that allows users to hide and share messages in the real world using augmented reality . Users can take a picture of a surface around them and write , draw and add stickers and photos on them . Once the message ( called Wall ) is completed , it will be geolocalized and will remain visible through WallaMe 's AR viewer by everyone passing by . A Wall can also be made private , thus becoming visible only to specific people . All the Walls created worldwide can be seen in a feed similar to those of social networks like Facebook and Instagram , and can be liked , commented on , and shared outside the app . WallaMe is mostly used to create digital graffiti and for proximity messaging ." }, { "docid": "Raya_(app)", "title": "", "text": "Raya is a private , membership based community for people all over the world to connect and collaborate . It launched in March 2015 as an IOS application . Early on , many members used the application to meet other members romantically . The app describes itself as `` A private network for people in creative industries '' and in January 2017 the app launched a feature entitled `` Work '' that allowed members to collaborate on work related projects . The app asks members to apply and log in with their Instagram account causing many members to conjecture if admittance is determined by the applicant 's Instagram influence and how many active Raya members follow them . However , many community members with small Instagram followings seem to contradict this theory and the admittance algorithm remains a mystery . It costs $ 8/month ( in US dollars ) to be a member of Raya ." }, { "docid": "Tunepics_(app)", "title": "", "text": "Tunepics is a social networking service that lets the users share their own photos combined with a suitable soundtrack . The user chooses a photo to upload , and has a range of filters and other tools to choose from to edit the photo . Thereafter the user has the possibility to choose a soundtrack that gets played when the photo is shown . The purpose of combining the photos with music is to let the sound and image complement each other , to bring out something new from the photo and make it possible for the users to express themselves in a different way than in other social network applications . The music available comes from the Apple store and is an about 30 seconds long preview of the track . When the photo is shared on Tunepics other users are able to like , retune ( share ) , comment and spin the emotion wheel to select the emotion they think the photo is expressing . The emotion wheel consists of 16 rainbow-colored dots that represent the emotions love , hot , laughing , happy , moved , excited , jealous , singing , inspired , crying , dreaming , cool , sad , beautiful , dancing and heartbroken . These reactions from other users are shown as a kind of feedback on what they experienced from the uploaded picture and soundtrack ." }, { "docid": "WhatsApp", "title": "", "text": "WhatsApp Messenger is a freeware , cross-platform and end-to-end encrypted instant messaging application for smartphones . It uses the Internet to make voice calls , one to one video calls ; send text messages , images , GIF , videos , documents , user location , audio files , phone contacts and voice notes to other users using standard cellular mobile numbers . It also incorporates a feature called Status , which allows users to upload photos and videos to a 24-hours-lifetime feed that , by default , are visible to all contacts ; similar to Snapchat , Facebook and Instagram Stories . WhatsApp Inc. , based in Mountain View , California , was acquired by Facebook in February 2014 for approximately US$ 19.3 billion . By February 2016 , WhatsApp had a user base of over one billion , making it the most popular messaging application at the time ." }, { "docid": "Radar.net", "title": "", "text": "Radar.net was a photo sharing website and application that allowed users to share pictures and videos . Only those people chosen by the user could view the uploaded content . It was targeted at people who used mobile phones with cameras to take pictures . The application supported multiple platforms including web , iPhone , BlackBerry , Windows Mobile and Java ( software platform ) . Radar.net was similar to other photo sharing websites such as Flickr , but was adapted especially for viewing content created with mobile phones . Uploading could be done either using a PC , or by sending the picture or video from a camera phone to a personalized email address . According to John Poisson , CEO of Tiny Pictures Inc. , who started the site , more than 750,000 people had registered on the site since its launch in June 2006 , as of February 2008 . Radar shut down on May 26 , 2010 at noon ( PDT ) ." }, { "docid": "ImageStation", "title": "", "text": "ImageStation was Sony 's official online photo sharing and photo print service . ImageStation generated revenue by selling high quality digital prints , as well as photo-related gifts such as photo books , mugs , calendars , greeting cards , and T-shirts . There were also several levels of membership available at different prices . The free basic account was only available to residents of the US or Canada . ImageStation 's back-end was powered by the following technologies : Apache Web Server mod perl for core application logic HTML : : Mason Template Engine ImageMagick for image processing Oracle database with EMC storage and Relational Interface System for other DBMS Isilon for image storage ( replacing old Rackable boxes ) As of February 1 , 2008 the ImageStation online service is permanently closed . The announcement of the closure was issued on September 4 , 2007 . The reason for closure was listed on the Sony ImageStation web site as : `` Sony Electronics has decided to close ImageStation , its photo sharing service , in order to focus on the company 's core businesses , products , and services . '' `` In the early days of digital photography Sony realized the need to provide an online photo service to support their digital camera customers . In the years since , many capable online photo services have become available and our customers now have a broad range of options for storing , sharing , printing and creating photo gifts . '' There is an automatic photo transfer offered to members at photo site Shutterfly . E-mail addresses associated with ImageStation accounts have been verified to have been distributed to 3rd parties since the closure of ImageStation . Category : Photo sharing Category : Photography websites" }, { "docid": "Cymbal_(app)", "title": "", "text": "Cymbal is a mobile social networking application which allows users to comment on and share music via Spotify and SoundCloud integration . The app is regularly described as the `` Instagram for music '' . The Cymbal community includes record labels , college radio stations , musical artists and music fans . Music is shared via recommendations from friends and artists one chooses in the Cymbal community . Cymbal reportedly received $ 1.1 million in funds from investors Vaizra Investments and General Catalyst Partners . Additional investors include Boston Syndicates , Elias Torres , Rough Draft Ventures , TJ Mahony and Whitney Sorenson ." } ]
183071	Snooki & Jwoww was renewed by at least one channel.	[ { "docid": "MTV", "title": "", "text": "MTV ( originally an initialism of Music Television ) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks ( a division of Viacom ) and headquartered in New York City . Launched on August 1 , 1981 , the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as `` video jockeys '' ( VJs ) . In its early years , MTV 's main target demographic was young adults , but today it is primarily towards teenagers , particularly high school and college students . MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years , and its programming now consists mainly of original reality , comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films , with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods . It has received criticism towards this change of focus , both by certain segments of its audience and musicians . MTV 's influence on its audience , including issues involving censorship and social activism , has also been a subject of debate for several years . In recent years , MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media . Its ratings had been said to be failing systematically , as younger viewers increasingly shift towards digital media , with yearly ratings drops as high as 29 % ; thus there was doubt of the lasting relevance of MTV towards young audiences . In April 2016 , MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged . It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat , with fourteen original music-related shows speculated to be in production . MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally , some of which have gone independent . As of July 2015 , approximately 92,188,000 US households ( 79.2 % of households with television ) have received MTV ." }, { "docid": "Snooki_&_Jwoww", "title": "", "text": "Snooki & Jwoww ( sometimes rendered Snooki & JWOWW in print and online sources ) is an American reality television series on MTV starring Snooki and JWoww . It is the second of three spin-offs of Jersey Shore , on which both Polizzi and Farley previously gained fame as cast members . The series ran from June 21 , 2012 until February 4 , 2015 over four seasons . The series , which is executive produced by Jersey Shore producer SallyAnn Salsano of 495 Productions , is described by its stars as a modern-day Laverne & Shirley . The first season focuses on Polizzi and Farley living together in a former firehouse in Jersey City , New Jersey , though Polizzi 's pregnancy , which was confirmed during filming of the first season , led to a change in episode content and tone that would distance it from the party-oriented antics of its parent show . Filming began on the first season February 25 , 2012 , and lasted five weeks . A second season was confirmed on August 3 , 2012 , and premiered on January 8 , 2013 . On April 25 , 2013 , MTV renewed the series for a third season , which premiered on October 22 , 2013 . On April 24 , 2014 , the series was renewed for the fourth and final season , which premiered on November 5 , 2014 , and concluded on February 4 , 2015 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "List_of_Snooki_&_Jwoww_episodes", "title": "", "text": "Snooki & Jwoww , sometimes rendered Snooki & JWoww or Snooki & JWOWW in print and online sources , is an American reality television series on MTV starring Nicole `` Snooki '' Polizzi and Jennifer `` JWoww '' Farley , a spinoff of Jersey Shore . The first season featured Polizzi and Farley living together in a former firehouse in Jersey City , New Jersey . A second season was confirmed on August 3 , 2012 . The format expanded to one hour , and was filmed in Manchester , New Jersey . It premiered January 8 , 2013 . MTV confirmed a third season on April 25 , 2013 . On October 8 , 2014 , MTV confirmed season 4 will be the final season of the series . The Fourth and final season premiered on Wednesday , November 5 at 10/9c . The series ran for 49 episodes over four seasons from June 21 , 2012 until February 4 , 2015 ." }, { "docid": "JWoww", "title": "", "text": "Jennifer Lynn `` Jenni '' Farley ( born February 27 , 1986 ) , also known as JWoww , is an American television personality . She first came to prominence as one of the eight main cast members in the MTV reality series Jersey Shore , and is a main cast member of its spin-off , Snooki & JWoww . She has also made several appearances on other shows , such as TNA Impact ! , Disaster Date and Marriage Boot Camp : Reality Stars . JWoww also promotes a line of suntanning products with the Australian Gold Company ." }, { "docid": "Snooki", "title": "", "text": "Nicole Elizabeth `` Snooki '' LaValle ( née Polizzi ; born November 23 , 1987 ) is an American reality television personality , author , dancer and professional wrestler who is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore and starring in Snooki & Jwoww . Since the show 's debut in 2009 , Polizzi has gained popularity by appearing on talk shows including The View , The Ellen DeGeneres Show , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , Late Show with David Letterman , and The Wendy Williams Show . She earned $ 150,000 per Jersey Shore episode for the last two seasons . She also appeared as the guest hostess for WWE Raw in 2011 and competed at WrestleMania XXVII that same year ." }, { "docid": "Snooky", "title": "", "text": "Snooky may refer to : `` Snooky '' , stage name of Eileen Bellomo , a member of the rock band Blondie `` Snooky Wookums '' , fictional feline from animated television series Krypto the Superdog Snooky Lanson , stage name of Roy Landman ( 1914 -- 1990 ) , an American singer Snooky Pryor ( 1921 -- 2006 ) , an American blues harp player Snooky Serna ( b. 1966 ) , a Filipina film and television actress Snooky Young ( 1919 -- 2011 ) , an American jazz trumpeter" }, { "docid": "List_of_Jersey_Shore_episodes", "title": "", "text": "Jersey Shore is an American reality television series which ran on MTV from December 3 , 2009 to December 20 , 2012 in the United States . The series follows the lives of eight housemates -- Jenni `` JWoww '' Farley , Michael `` The Situation '' Sorrentino , Nicole `` Snooki '' Polizzi , Paul `` Pauly D '' DelVecchio , Ronnie Ortiz-Magro , Sammi `` Sweetheart '' Giancola , Vinny Guadagnino , Deena Nicole Cortese ( season 3-6 ) , and formerly Angelina Pivarnick ( season 1-2 ) -- spending their summer on the Jersey Shore . Season 2 follows the cast escaping the cold northeast to Miami . Season 3 saw the cast going back to the Jersey Shore for the Summer with Deena Nicole Cortese replacing Angelina . The first season had five special episodes , with some airing after select episodes . Several after hours specials have aired on MTV following select episodes along with various specials . The end of each season has been accompanied by a reunion show . Also a number of after-show internet specials titled `` Jersey Shore : Hook-Up '' hosted by Kenny Santucci have been released on MTV.com after select episodes . Also , there have been a number of internet specials exclusively on MTV.com ." }, { "docid": "The_Mint_(film)", "title": "", "text": "The Mint is a 2015 comedy film directed by Raymond Mamrak and starring JWoww , Kristinia DeBarge , Chris Cardillo and Ashlee Keating . The film is based on a story by Chris Cardillo and adapted into a screenplay by director Raymond Mamrak . Cardillo stars opposite MTV 's Jersey Shore 's reality star Jenni `` JWoww '' Farley , who also serves as the film 's executive producer , a record executive trying to get his company back on track after the death of his parents . The film also features Kristinia DeBarge , Ashlee Keating , Raw Leiba , and Brian Anthony Wilson in supporting roles . Cardillo stars a record producer that has to find a way to save himself and his family 's well known record label . Cardillo began developing the film in January 2014 and while J. Fontaine and the Jersey Mint Records actually exist , the film is n't based on actual events despite Cardillo 's involvement . Mamrak was hired and replaced Samuel C. Morrison , Jr. as the screenwriter , in addition to serving as director , producer , and actor . With JWoww set to make her feature film debut , The Mint began filming in New Jersey ." }, { "docid": "Snooky_Serna", "title": "", "text": "Snooky Serna ( born Maria Milagros Sumayao Serna on April 4 , 1966 ) is a Filipina film and television actress ." }, { "docid": "Food_Jammers", "title": "", "text": "Food Jammers is a cooking show featuring Micah Donovan , Chris Martin , and Nobu Adilman ; three backyard mechanics who make homebrew cooking equipment using junkyard parts , found objects , and locally sourced ingredients . Cooking is essentially an excuse for them to build things . Inspired by an interest in music and vernacular culture , Food Jammers features a wide range of bands from the likes of Comets on Fire , Snooky Pryor , Stereolab , and Joel Plaskett . The trio is based in Toronto , Ontario , Canada , and they often shop at local Toronto markets ( like Kensington Market and St. Lawrence Market ) , scrap yards , and the curb-side to find things for their cooking . Three seasons of thirteen episodes have been filmed , plus a one-hour special . In the United States , it airs on Cooking Channel and Halogen TV ." }, { "docid": "Tish_Bellomo", "title": "", "text": "Tish Bellomo , along with her sister Snooky Bellomo , was a member of the rock group Blondie . The sisters sang backing vocals at early Blondie gigs at Max 's Kansas City and CBGB , and went on to form another band called the Drop-Outs . In 1977 , their friend Russell Wolinsky invited them to join a band he was forming `` for one gig '' called the Sic Fucks . They continued to play regularly for the next two years and the sisters still perform once a year under that name . In 1977 , Tish and Snooky opened the first punk rock boutique on St. Mark 's Place in New York City , called Manic Panic . They used the same name for their alternative hair , makeup and fashion accessories company ." }, { "docid": "Snooky_Lanson", "title": "", "text": "Roy Landman ( March 27 , 1914 -- July 2 , 1990 ) , better known as Snooky Lanson , was an American singer known for co-starring on the NBC television series Your Hit Parade ." }, { "docid": "30_Days_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "30 Days is an American reality television show on the FX cable network in the United States , created and hosted by Morgan Spurlock . In each episode , Spurlock , or some other person or group of people , spend 30 days immersing themselves in a particular lifestyle with which they are unfamiliar ( e.g. working for minimum wage , being in prison , a Christian living as a Muslim etc. ) , while discussing related social issues . As in Spurlock 's film , Super Size Me , there are a number of rules unique to each situation which must be followed during each such experiment . At least one episode each season has featured Spurlock as the person spending the month in the particular lifestyle . Season one premiered on June 15 , 2005 , and its respective DVD set was released July 11 , 2006 . The second season premiered on July 26 , 2006 . Season 3 of 30 Days premiered on June 3 , 2008 . Later that same year , FX said that it would not be renewing the series for a fourth season , effectively canceling the show . The show has recently been picked up for re-air by Destination America , though no new episodes have been ordered . In the United Kingdom , the program is broadcast on More4 and Channel 4 . In Australia , the program is broadcast on Network Ten and Lifestyle Channel . It currently airs in Canada on Independent Film Channel and Canal Vie . It also airs on FX in Latin America . In Norway it airs on TV 2 . In Sweden it airs on TV4 and Kanal 9 ." }, { "docid": "Snooky_Young", "title": "", "text": "Eugene Edward `` Snooky '' Young ( February 3 , 1919 -- May 11 , 2011 ) was an American jazz trumpeter . He was known for his mastery of the plunger mute , with which he was able to create a wide range of sounds ." }, { "docid": "MTV_New_Year's", "title": "", "text": "MTV New Year 's was a television special which aired on New Year 's Eve annually on MTV , though the title varies in some way every year . Since 1998 , the special was typically broadcast from Times Square in New York City , and prominently features coverage of its annual ball drop event , along with live performances by popular musicians from MTV Studios in One Astor Plaza . During the late 1990s , 2000s , and part of the early 2010s , the special was heavily promoted and featured top musical acts and celebrities but in recent years has been occasionally significantly reduced , often featuring just a one or two hosts broadcasting from the studios or a platform in Times Square with no audience or musical performances . The network decided not to carry a special at the end of 2015 leading into 2016 , choosing to carry a marathon of the viral clip series Ridiculousness instead , with a teaser of the first segment of the next episode of the network 's series Teen Wolf aired at midnight ; the network and parent company Viacom in general went through number of staff and budget cutbacks in 2015 due to declining ratings . 1999 : MTV New Year 's Eve Live . Hosts : Carson Daly and Jennifer Love Hewitt . Performers : Green Day , Method Man , Limp Bizkit . House DJ : Kid Rock . Guests : Aaliyah , Katie Holmes , 98 ° . Correspondents : Ananda Lewis , Jesse Camp , Dave Holmes . 2000 : 2001 : 2002 : 2003 : 2004 : 2005 : 2006 : 2007 : 2008 : Tila Tequila 's MTV New Year 's Eve Masquerade 2008 . Host : Tila Tequila . Co-hosts : Damien Fahey , Lyndsey Rodrigues . Performers : Mary J. Blige , Kid Rock , Fabolous , Paramore , Good Charlotte , Wyclef Jean , Boys Like Girls , Flo Rida . House DJ : Travie McCoy . Guests : Cast members of A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila , Perez Hilton . 2009 : FNMTV Presents : A Miley-Sized Surprise ... New Year 's Eve 2009 . Host and performer : Miley Cyrus from Beckman High School in Irvine , California . Irvine additional performer : Metro Station . Live shots and performances from Times Square hosted by The Veronicas , Adrienne Bailon , and Lil Mama . NYC performers : All Time Low , The Academy Is ... and Kevin Rudolf 2010 : MTV News Presents : Top 9 of '09 - Host Adrienne Bailon and the cast of Jersey Shore . Guests : Cast of The Buried Life , Shailene Woodley , and Josie Loren . Produced by MTV News from the small Downtown studio portion of MTV Studios and outside in Times Square . 2011 : MTV New Year 's Bash 2011 . Host : Whitney Cummings . Guests : Cast of Jersey Shore . Pre-taped ball drop with Snooki inside from Seaside Heights . Correspondents : Kevin Manno and Julie Alexandria . Performers : Flo Rida . Guests : Ashley Benson , Shay Mitchell . Pre-taped segments from Bobby Moynihan , Nick Kroll , and Keenan Cahill . 2012 : MTV NYE In NYC 2012 - Hosts : Demi Lovato and Tyler Posey . Performers : Demi Lovato , Selena Gomez , Jason Derulo , Mac Miller and J. Cole . 2013 : MTV 's Club NYE 2013 - Hosts Snooki , JWoww , Jeff Dye . Performers : Ke $ ha , Ne-Yo , Sean Kingston , Rita Ora and Conor Maynard . Guests : Tyler Blackburn , Keegan Allen , choreographer Binkie , Nikki Glaser and Sara Schaefer . House DJ : The Knocks 2014 : Girl Code Presents : New Year 's Code -- Special episode of Girl Code at 10pm ET . Hosts : live hosting in Times Square from Carly Aquilino and Charlamagne Tha God during the episode and for the hour after . 2015 : MTV 's New Year 's Eve 2015 - Hosts Victoria Justice and Charlamagne . New filmed segments with Girl Code and Guy Code comedians ." }, { "docid": "The_Only_Way_Is_Essex_(series_14)", "title": "", "text": "The fourteenth series of the British semi-reality television programme The Only Way Is Essex was confirmed on 26 November 2014 when it had been announced that it had renewed for at least a further two series , the fourteenth and fifteenth . It is therefore the first series to be included in its current contract . The series launched on 22 February 2015 and was immediately followed by a one-off special `` TOWIE : All Back to Essex '' hosted by Mark Wright . It is the second series to feature on ITV 's new channel ITVBe . It was the first series to include new cast members Dan Edgar , Jake Hall and Chloe Lewis , and the last to feature Charlie Sims , Dan Osborne , Jasmin Walia , Leah Wright and Ricky Rayment . Frankie Essex also made a brief return to the series having last appeared during the tenth series ." }, { "docid": "10_January_2017_Afghanistan_bombings", "title": "", "text": "On 10 January , 2017 , multiple bombings in Afghanistan occurred at government and tribal establishments during the renewed War in Afghanistan . The Taliban claimed responsibility for all but one of the attacks , which targeted a United Arab Emirates diplomatic mission . In total , at least 64 to at least 88 people were killed and at least 94 were wounded , with at least three attackers also being killed . Other attacks may have taken place ." }, { "docid": "The_Only_Way_Is_Essex_(series_15)", "title": "", "text": "The fifteenth series of the British semi-reality television programme The Only Way Is Essex was confirmed on 26 November 2014 when it had been announced that it had renewed for at least a further two series , the fourteenth and fifteenth . It is therefore the final series to be included in its current contract . The series launched on 14 June 2015 with two Marbella specials . After the launch of the new series , it will be immediately followed by another one-off special `` TOWIE : All Back to Essex '' hosted by Mark Wright . It is the third series to feature on ITV 's new channel ITVBe . As well as confirming the new launch date , it was confirmed that ITV had renewed their contract keeping the show for a further six series , taking it to Series 21 . Ahead of the series it was announced that cast member Ricky Rayment had taken a short break from the show but would be back , however he did not return . It was also confirmed that Mario Falcone had been suspended from the show for the second time , this time after promoting slimming pills on social media . He returned during the fourth episode . This was the final series to feature long-running cast member Gemma Collins until her brief return for the Essexmas special , and first to include new cast member Pete Wicks ." }, { "docid": "Feherty_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Feherty is an American television series broadcast by Golf Channel , hosted by retired professional golfer and television analyst David Feherty . The program features one-on-one interviews between Feherty and notable figures in golf . The program premiered on June 21 , 2011 , with an episode featuring an interview with Lee Trevino , aired as a part of Golf Channel 's coverage of the U.S. Open , which was the most-watched original series premiere in Golf Channel 's history . The series was renewed in September 2015 , as part of a deal that saw Feherty leave CBS to join NBC Sports and Golf Channel as an analyst and commentator ." }, { "docid": "Eileen_Bellomo", "title": "", "text": "Eileen Bellomo ( also known as `` Snooky '' ) , along with her sister Tish Bellomo , sang backing vocals at early Blondie gigs at CBGB and Max 's Kansas City and went on to form another band called the Drop-Outs . In 1977 , their friend Russell Wolinsky invited them to join a band he was forming `` for one gig '' called the Sic Fucks . Sic Fucks went on to play regularly at Max 's and CBGB over the next two years and the sisters still perform once a year under that name . In 1977 , Tish and Snooky opened the first punk rock boutique , on St. Mark 's Place , in New York City , called Manic Panic . The Bellomo sisters also used this name when they founded their own alternative hair , makeup and fashion accessories company . Many notable rock musicians wear their designs , including Debbie Harry , Steven Tyler and Cyndi Lauper ." }, { "docid": "Snooky_Pryor", "title": "", "text": "James Edward `` Snooky '' Pryor ( September 15 , 1919 or 1921 -- October 18 , 2006 ) was an American Chicago blues harmonica player . He claimed to have pioneered the now-common method of playing amplified harmonica by cupping a small microphone in his hands along with the harmonica , although on his earliest records in the late 1940s and early 1950s he did not use this method ." }, { "docid": "Daily_Mix", "title": "", "text": "Daily Mix is a YouTube channel featuring beauty and make up , fashion , music , celebs , challenges , give-aways and teen life . It was commissioned by Google as part of their European Original Channels initiative in 2012 , and renewed for a further year in 2013 . Daily Mix is produced by Maverick Television , Little Dot Studios and Gleam Futures . Daily Mix features YouTube ` creators ' including Zoella , Jim Chapman , Tanya Burr , Pixiwoo and Joe Sugg . As of July 2015 Daily Mix had 564,000 subscribers making it one of the most successful channels in the European Original Channels Initiative ." }, { "docid": "Governor_of_Jalisco", "title": "", "text": "The following is a list of governors of the Mexican state of Jalisco from 1921 . The current constitution indicates a term 6 years in length , which can not be renewed under any circumstances . It also stipulates the qualifications for becoming governor : a Mexican citizen by birth , at least 30 years of age , and a resident of Jalisco for at least 5 years prior to election . Elections are held one year after presidential elections ." }, { "docid": "Magic_Kids_(TV_channel)", "title": "", "text": "Magic Kids was a well known Argentine cable channel which aired cartoons , television series and anime series programs aimed at children and teenagers . The channel was founded on January 12 , 1995 and defunct on May 24 , 2006 , because of financial issues and low ratings . Widely regarded as one of the harbingers of a renewed interest for Japanese animation during the late 90s , at its height the network launched a variety of merchandise including , the Magic yo-yo , a brand of soft drinks , the Magic Cube and the monthly Magic Kids Magazine ." }, { "docid": "Guarantors’_Panel_on_the_Constitutionality_of_Rules", "title": "", "text": "The Guarantors ' Panel on the Constitutionality of Rules ( Italian : Collegio Garante della Costituzionalità delle Norme ) is the highest court of San Marino in matters of constitutional law . The institution was established with Constitutional Revising Law no. 36 of 26 February 2002 , which has amended Article 16 of the `` Declaration on the Citizens ' Rights and Fundamental Principles of San Marino Constitutional Order '' . The Guarantors ' Panel on the Constitutionality of Rules is the youngest body of San Marino constitutional order . Constitutionality review was previously entrusted to the Great and General Council , but throughout the years this solution had presented several limits . Constitutional Law no. 67 of 27 May 2003 governs the responsibilities of this Panel , while Qualified Law no. 55 of 25 April 2003 disciplines its organisation , incompatibilities , operation , appeal forms and procedures and the effects of its decisions . The Panel is composed of three effective members ( one performing the function of President ) and three substitute members . All members are elected by a two-thirds majority of the Great and General Council 's members from among university professors of legal subjects , magistrates and law graduates with at least twenty years of experience in the field of law . At least one third of the Panel 's members are renewed every two years following the designation , by drawing lots , of two of its members , one effective and one substitute , from among those having served at least for four years during the first mandate . After the first mandate , which lasts 4 years , one third of the Panel 's members are renewed every two years . The Guarantors ' Panel appoints its President for a two-year term , on the basis of the rotating principle , from among its effective members . As already pointed out , the functions of the Guarantors ' Panel are similar to those of a Constitutional Court and , more precisely , it shall : verify the conformity of laws , of regulations having force of law , as well as of customary rules having force of law , with the fundamental principles of the Declaration on the Citizens ' Rights or mentioned in it , upon direct request of at least twenty members of the Great and General Council , of the Congress of State , of five Township Councils , of a number of citizens making up at least 1.5 % of the electorate and , with reference to proceedings pending before the Republic 's courts , upon request of judges or the parties involved ; decide on the acceptability of referenda proposals ; decide in case of conflicts between constitutional bodies ; act as `` Regency Syndicate '' ." }, { "docid": "KKRR-LP", "title": "", "text": "KKRR-LP , channel 45 , is a low-power television station in Cheyenne , Wyoming . KKRR is owned by local businessman Robert Rule . KKRR began as a secondary channel for the co-owned local religious television station , KMAH-LP channel 39 . When KMAH switched over to the Renaissance Network , KKRR took over the Cornerstone Television affiliation . KMAH later took back the Cornerstone affiliation , after the Renaissance Network folded and its replacement , America One was not renewed . Apparently KMAH did not require KKRR 's services . As a result , KKRR was left with no programming . Currently , KKRR broadcasts only a slate , reminding viewers that Cornerstone programming moved to channel 39 ." }, { "docid": "Nick_Jr._(Italy)", "title": "", "text": "Nick Jr. is an Italian television channel , aimed at a pre-school children audience . It launched on 31 July 2009 on Sky Italia on channel 602 to replace Rai YoYo , although it is still airing on selected cable providers . From November 10 , 2008 , Nick Jr. switches to Channel 603 . Since July 4 , 2011 of the timeshift service called Nick Jr. +1 , which offers the same Nick Jr. programming one hour after the numbering 604 . Since 10 June 2013 , together with the timeshift Nick Jr. +1 the channel broadcasts in wide-screen 16:9 and were renewed bumper , graphics and promos ." }, { "docid": "American_Heroes_Channel", "title": "", "text": "American Heroes Channel ( AHC ; formerly Military Channel and originally Discovery Wings Channel ) is an American digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by Discovery Communications . The network carries programs related to the military , warfare and military history and science . As of February 2015 , the channel is available to approximately 59,917,000 pay television households ( 51.5 % of households with at least one television set ) in the United States ." }, { "docid": "Renewable_energy_in_South_Dakota", "title": "", "text": "Renewable energy in South Dakota involves production of biofuels and generation of electricity from renewable sources of energy such as wind and hydropower . South Dakota is among the states with the highest percentage of electricity generation from renewable resources , typically over 70 percent . In 2011 , South Dakota became the first U.S. state to have at least 20 % of its electricity generation come from wind power ." }, { "docid": "Fore_Inventors_Only", "title": "", "text": "Fore Inventors Only is a reality TV series that airs nationally on the Golf Channel , featuring different inventors who are trying to successfully launch their golf-related inventions in the marketplace . Just like the TV show American Inventor , the contestants compete against one another in a series of eliminations . The show 's host is Vince Cellini . The inventions range from devices that help with putting to designer `` skins '' that can be wrapped around one 's golf clubs . The program has been renewed for a second season by the Golf Channel and is currently encouraging interested contestants to apply for the show ." }, { "docid": "W23BC", "title": "", "text": "W23BC was a low-power television station in Jackson , Mississippi . The station was owned and operated by Jackson State University . The station carried some programming from America One . Until April 30 , 2007 , W23BC carried programming from the Black Family Channel , which folded on that date . The station also carried some programming from Colours TV , a minority television channel that folded in July 2011 . It is unknown when the station picked up Colours TV or America One . The station 's license was cancelled on September 24 , 2013 , due to its failure to file a renewal application ." }, { "docid": "Expedition_Unknown", "title": "", "text": "Expedition Unknown is an American reality television series that premiered on January 8 , 2015 , on the Travel Channel . Produced by Ping Pong Productions , the program follows archaeologist , explorer , and television presenter Josh Gates on adventures to investigate the world 's most enduring legends and mysteries . The series currently airs Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. ET/PT . The second season of Expedition Unknown premiered October 7 , 2015 and on March 24 , 2016 , the Travel Channel renewed the series for a third season , which premiered on November 2 , 2016 . On March 14 , 2017 , the Travel Channel renewed the series for a fourth season ." } ]
131166	The Eagles broke up in 1980.	[ { "docid": "Eagles_(band)", "title": "", "text": "The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971 by Glenn Frey , Don Henley , Bernie Leadon , and Randy Meisner . With five number-one singles , six Grammy Awards , five American Music Awards , and six number one albums , the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s . At the end of the 20th century , two of their albums , Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and Hotel California , were ranked among the 20 best-selling albums in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of America . Hotel California is ranked 37th in Rolling Stones list of `` The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time '' and the band was ranked number 75 on the magazine 's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . The Eagles are one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time , having sold more than 150 million records -- 100 million in the U.S. alone -- including 42 million copies of Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) and 32 million copies of Hotel California . Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) was the best selling album of the 20th century in the U.S. . They are the fifth-highest-selling music act and the highest-selling American band in U.S. history . The band released their debut album , Eagles , in 1972 , which spawned three top 40 singles : `` Take It Easy , '' `` Witchy Woman , '' and `` Peaceful Easy Feeling . '' Their next album , Desperado ( 1973 ) , was less successful than the first , only reaching number 41 on the charts ; neither of its singles reached the top 40 . However , the album does contain what would go on to be two of the band 's most popular tracks : `` Desperado '' and `` Tequila Sunrise . '' The band released On the Border in 1974 , adding guitarist Don Felder as the fifth member midway through the recording of the album . The album generated two top 40 singles : `` Already Gone '' and their first number one , `` Best of My Love . '' Their 1975 album One of These Nights included three top 10 singles : `` One of These Nights , '' `` Lyin ' Eyes , '' and `` Take It to the Limit , '' the first hitting the top of the charts . Guitarist and vocalist , Joe Walsh , also joined the band in 1975 . The Eagles continued that success and hit their commercial peak in late 1976 with the release of Hotel California , which would go on to sell more than 16 million copies in the U.S. alone and more than 32 million copies worldwide . The album yielded two number-one singles , `` New Kid in Town '' and `` Hotel California . '' They released their last studio album for nearly 28 years in 1979 with The Long Run , which spawned three top 10 singles : `` Heartache Tonight , '' `` The Long Run , '' and `` I Ca n't Tell You Why , '' the lead single being another chart-topping hit . The Eagles disbanded in July 1980 but reunited in 1994 for the album Hell Freezes Over , a mix of live and new studio tracks . They toured consistently and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 . In 2007 , the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden , their first full studio album in 28 years and their sixth number one album . The next year they launched the Long Road Out of Eden Tour in support of the album . In 2013 , they began the extended History of the Eagles Tour in conjunction with the band 's documentary release , History of the Eagles . Following the death of Frey in January 2016 , Henley stated in several interviews that he did n't think the band would perform again . However , in March 2017 it was announced that the Eagles would be headlining two concerts in July 2017 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Don_Henley", "title": "", "text": "Donald Hugh `` Don '' Henley ( born July 22 , 1947 ) is an American singer-songwriter , producer , and drummer , best known as a founding member of the Eagles before launching a successful solo career . Henley was the drummer and co-lead singer for the Eagles from 1971 to 1980 , when the band broke up , and from 1994 to 2016 , when they reunited . Henley sang the lead vocals on Eagles hits such as `` Witchy Woman '' , `` Desperado '' , `` Best of My Love '' , `` One of These Nights '' , `` Hotel California '' , `` Life in the Fast Lane '' , `` The Long Run '' and `` Get Over It '' . After the Eagles broke up in 1980 , Henley pursued a solo career and released his debut album I Ca n't Stand Still , in 1982 . He has released five studio albums , two compilation albums , and one live DVD . His solo hits include `` Dirty Laundry '' , `` The Boys of Summer '' , `` All She Wants to Do Is Dance '' , `` The Heart of the Matter '' , `` The Last Worthless Evening '' , `` Sunset Grill '' , `` Not Enough Love in the World '' , and `` The End of the Innocence '' . The Eagles have sold over 150 million albums worldwide , won six Grammy Awards , had five No. 1 singles , 17 Top 40 singles , and six No. 1 albums . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 and are the biggest selling American band in history . As a solo artist , Henley has sold over 10 million albums worldwide , had eight Top 40 singles , won two Grammy Awards and five MTV Video Music Awards . Combined with the Eagles and as a solo artist , Henley has released 25 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He has also released seven studio albums with the Eagles and four as a solo artist . In 2008 , he was ranked as the 87th greatest singer of all time by the Rolling Stone magazine . Henley has also played a founding role in several environmental and political causes , most notably the Walden Woods Project . From 1994 to 2016 , he divided his musical activities between the Eagles and his solo career ." }, { "docid": "1982_Philadelphia_Eagles_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1982 Philadelphia Eagles season resulted in a losing season . This season would mark the end of an era under head coach Dick Vermeil . While under Vermeil the Eagles had the most successful period of their existence up to that time , making the playoffs four straight seasons ( 1978 -- 1981 ) and having a record of 54 -- 47 in six seasons with Vermeil ( 1976 -- 1982 ) whilst making the Super Bowl in 1980 . Vermeil retired due to burnout but would return to coaching in 1997 with the St. Louis Rams and would lead them to a Super Bowl victory in 1999 ." }, { "docid": "Modern_Romance_(band)", "title": "", "text": "Modern Romance were a British pop music band that found popularity in the early 1980s . Formed in 1980 by previous members of an earlier band , The Leyton Buzzards , the band achieved a string of UK chart hits before they broke up in 1985 ." }, { "docid": "Argentine_heavy_metal", "title": "", "text": "The Argentine heavy metal is a heavy metal music movement that originated in Argentina in the 1980s . The first popular artist was Pappo , who created the band Riff influenced by the contemporary new wave of British heavy metal . V8 was formed at that time as well , and most of its members created notable bands after their respective departures from the band : Ricardo Iorio and Walter Giardino , currently in Almafuerte and Rata Blanca , are still popular . The second half of the 1980s saw the success of hard rock bands such as Kamikaze , Alakran and Rata Blanca , with an aesthetic similar to the contemporary glam metal . Thrash metal bands , such as Hermética , Horcas and Lethal , appeared in the early 1990s . Rata Blanca declined its popularity in the 1990s and eventually broke up . Hermética became more popular than V8 during its short existence , and broke up in a controversy between the leader Ricardo Iorio and the other members . Iorio created a new band , Almafuerte , and the former members of Hermética stayed together for some time as Malón . Rata Blanca had a revival later , and the band was rejoined ." }, { "docid": "The_Schizo's", "title": "", "text": "The Schizo 's are a punkrock band from Emmen . The band was formed in the mid-1980s , broke up , and reformed in the 2000s ." }, { "docid": "Gifts_of_an_Eagle", "title": "", "text": "Gifts of an Eagle is non-fiction book written by Kent Durden and published by Simon & Schuster in 1972 . The book details the story of Kent and his father , Ed Durden , who raised and filmed a golden eagle , named Lady , for 16 years . A documentary film was made by Kent of the book using original 16mm footage from the 50 's to the 70 's showing the story of Lady and Ed . The film was released on DVD in 2009 . Lady and Ed In 1955 Ed Durden got a grant from the Fish and Wildlife Department to capture a golden eaglett to film and study for educational purposes . A close bond developed between Ed and Lady . There were many incidents that showed the strong smarts and personality of Lady . For example : after one incident when Kent held her down while they had to trim her claws , Lady never liked him again and would dive on him whenever she was out flying free and Kent showed up . Ed found this endlessly amusing and loved getting a good shot of Lady diving while Kent ran for cover . Lady laid eggs that were infertile . Wanting her to have the experience of motherhood , Ed replaced the eggs with fertile geese eggs ( all he could find at the time ) . She accepted them as hers and nurtured the eggs until fluffy yellow baby geese broke out of those eggs . Lady cared for them as she would her own , even though there were some very curiously odd things about these `` eagles '' . Lady eventually got to raise eaglets . The amazing footage that Ed got the morning she first chirped at the breaking eagle egg was the first time an eagle being born was captured on film . When Lady was on the nest and Ed would come into her cage , she would get up to leave , leaving the eggs to Ed to keep warm . This was how they knew that Lady had accepted Ed as her mate . Lady on Film Ed and Kent were wildlife photographers and Lady was used in many TV and feature films . Most notably Lady was featured in : 1958 - Grand Canyon - A short documentary film made by Walt Disney . It won the Academy Award for that year . Lady is shown in the finale of the film . The back story of this Lady in this film is documented in the book and the film and is very interesting . 1961-1963 - Lassie ( 1954 TV Series ) - Episode titles : `` The Eagle '' 1961 , `` Lassie and the Eagle '' 1962 , `` The Treasure '' part 1 & 2 , 1963 1967 - The Legend of the Boy and the Eagle - A feature length film from Disney . Lady was in the title role . This story of filming this is also detailed quite a bit on the book and film , Gifts of an Eagle" }, { "docid": "Rob_Kendrick", "title": "", "text": "Rob Kendrick is an English rock guitarist , best known as guitarist for the English band , Trapeze . Trapeze had major musical success in the 1970s and early 1980s with their single , `` Black Cloud '' . Trapeze , broke up in the 1980s . Glenn Hughes , the original bass player left the band to join Deep Purple , and shortly afterwards , Dave Holland , drummer , left the line-up to join Judas Priest . Mel Galley , the original guitarist , left the band shortly after and joined Whitesnake . Kendrick continued touring the United States , supporting a new Trapeze , including Texas musicians Mike Mikeska on drums and Buck Judkins on bass guitar . Kendrick and group returned to the studio to work on a new album in 1981 , which Geffen Records was supporting . David Geffen took a personal interest , but the album was never released . After nearly two years of touring , the group disbanded . Kendrick returned to England to work on a solo project and Mikeska and Judkins returned to Texas . He was then hired for Cloven Hoof on their 1986 live album , Fighting Back . But due to the contractual difficulties surrounding the band , bassist Lee Payne broke the band up and looked for new recruits . He has credits on Budgie 's album , The Last Stage ." }, { "docid": "A_Formal_Sigh", "title": "", "text": "A Formal Sigh were a new wave band from Liverpool , England , that formed in 1980 and broke up early in 1982 ." }, { "docid": "Factory_(band)", "title": "", "text": "Factory was a band from Stockholm in Sweden , active between 1978 -- 1982 , scoring chart successes in Sweden during the late 1970s and 1980s . Factory broke through in Sweden with the 1978 single Efter plugget 1978 . The single was followed up by the album Factory . The band toured the Nordic Region in the late 1970s and early 1980s and also released the 1980 album Factory II . During the 1990s , the band was reunited temporary touring with , among others , Magnum Bonum , Attack and Snowstorm ." }, { "docid": "Eagles_Greatest_Hits,_Vol._2", "title": "", "text": "Eagles Greatest Hits , Vol . 2 is the second compilation album by the Eagles . It features many of their biggest hits not on Their Greatest Hits ( 1971 -- 1975 ) , including `` Hotel California , '' their signature song . The album was released in 1982 , after the band 's breakup . That same year , Don Henley and Glenn Frey both released their debut solo albums . The compilation features eight combined tracks from Hotel California and The Long Run . Also included is `` After the Thrill Is Gone , '' an album track from One of These Nights . ( That song , with its title that summed up the state of the band at the time , was strategically placed as the last track on Greatest Hits , Vol . 2 . ) `` Seven Bridges Road , '' the single from 1980 's Eagles Live , rounds out the album , which has sold over 11 million copies in the U.S. since its release ." }, { "docid": "Reggie_Wilkes", "title": "", "text": "Reginald ( `` Reggie '' ) Wayman Wilkes ( born May 27 , 1956 in Pine Bluff , Arkansas ) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles and Atlanta Falcons . He attended university and played college football at Georgia Tech , graduating with a Bachelor of Science . Wilkes was drafted by the Eagles in the third round of the 1978 NFL Draft . Wilkes was all-state at Southwest Atlanta High School and won the 1973 Georgia AA State Championship , heading a defense that allowed 126 yards rushing for the whole season . He went on to letter for Georgia Tech football all four years of college . Upon graduation , he was granted membership into the prestigious ANAK Society , Georgia Tech 's honor society , which recognizes exemplary student leaders . In his rookie NFL year with the Eagles , Wilkes recorded 88 tackles , and along with Pro Bowler Bill Bergey , co-led the team with five fumble recoveries . He was named to the UPI and Pro Football Weekly All-Rookie teams in 1978 -- 79 . Wilkes played in every regular season game in his first three NFL seasons , and was a starting outside linebacker on the 1980 -- 81 Philadelphia Eagles Super Bowl XV team . After eight seasons with the Eagles , Wilkes finished his career with two years on the Atlanta Falcons . In 1989 , Wilkes was inducted into the Georgia Tech Hall of Fame . In 2013 , Wilkes was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame . During his 10-year NFL career , Wilkes worked on the staff of Merrill Lynch advisory group in the off-seasons . Following his retirement from the NFL in 1988 , Wilkes and two partners began a registered investment advisory firm , Pro Cap , which specialized in investment and lifestyle management services for professional athletes . They later sold that business to Mercantile Trust Bank , based in Baltimore , MD , and Wilkes maintained his position as senior vice president , heading up its sports and entertainment division . Wilkes returned to Merrill Lynch in 2007 and founded `` The Wilkes Sports Management & Advisory Group '' , specializing in wealth management of high-net-worth athletes in the NFL and NBA . Wilkes , and his group , has been featured by numerous news and media outlets , including the New York Times , The Wall Street Journal , Forbes , CNBC , Reuters , HBO : Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel , and the documentary film `` Broke , '' which premiered at the 2012 Tribeca/ESPN Sports Film Festival . The film is part of ESPN 's 30 for 30 series of sports documentaries . Wilkes is a member of the NFL Alumni Association and is a NFLPA Registered Player Financial Advisor . Wilkes operates offices in Philadelphia and Atlanta and lives with his wife in Philadelphia ." }, { "docid": "1980_Philadelphia_Eagles_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1980 Philadelphia Eagles season was the team 's 48th season in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The Eagles won twelve of their sixteen games , winning their division for the first time in twenty years . The Eagles started the season winning eleven of their first twelve games , only to finish the season losing three of their final four . Still , the 12 -- 4 record was good enough to win the NFC East division title for the first time in franchise history since the NFC East had been formed . The 1980 season marked the Eagles ' third consecutive playoff appearance under coach Dick Vermeil , and culminated in the team 's first Super Bowl appearance , where they were defeated by the Oakland Raiders ." }, { "docid": "1986_Philadelphia_Eagles_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1986 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 54th in the league . The team was unable to improve upon their previous output win total of seven . Instead , the team finished with five wins , ten losses and one tie . This was the fifth consecutive season in which the team failed to qualify for the playoffs . The season was coach Buddy Ryan 's first with the team after serving as the defensive coordinator of the 1985 Chicago Bears , the team that won the Super Bowl in 1985 . Quarterback duties were split between 35-year-old veteran Ron Jaworski ( who started nine games in his final season with the team ) and second-year quarterback Randall Cunningham . Veteran quarterback Matt Cavanaugh also started two games . The Eagles ' passing game struggled , with the third-fewest passing yards in the league ( 2,540 ) , and the fewest yards-per-attempt ( 4.1 ) . The Eagles set dubious NFL records by giving up a record number of sacks ( a still-standing NFL-record of 104 ) and yardage allowed on sacks ( 708 ) . No other team in football history had ever given up more than 78 sacks or 554 yards on quarterback sacks . The team gave up three-or-more sacks in every single game of the 1986 season , the only team in NFL history to do so . The lone highlights of the season came on the road . On October 5 , the Birds entered Fulton County Stadium and shut out the previously-undefeated Atlanta Falcons , 16 -- 0 . then gained a comeback 33 -- 27 OT win against the Raiders at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on November 30 , the Eagles ' first win over the club since the 1980 season and first-ever victory on the road against the Oakland/LA franchise ." }, { "docid": "WEFX", "title": "", "text": "WEFX ( 100.7 FM , `` 100.7 The Eagle '' ) is a country music-format radio station in Henderson , New York . This station launched its classic hits format on February 11 , 2009 . WEFX uses the frequency formerly occupied by WOTT , which moved to 94.1 on February 9 , 2009 . This station played music from the 1960s , 1970s , and 1980s . It used the catchphrase `` plays the music you grew up with . '' On September 6 , 2012 WEFX changed its format from classic hits to country , branded as `` 100.7 The Eagle '' ." }, { "docid": "1972_Manly-Warringah_Sea_Eagles_season", "title": "", "text": "The 1972 Manly Warringah Sea Eagles season was the 26th in the clubs history since their entry into the then New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership in 1947 . After 5 previous Grand Final losses , the Sea Eagles broke through for their first premiership win . The 1972 Sea Eagles were coached by former Australian international and Manly fullback Ron Willey . Captaining the side was long serving hooker Fred Jones . The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League 's 1972 Premiership season and played its home games at the 20,000 capacity Brookvale Oval ." }, { "docid": "Fang_(band)", "title": "", "text": "Fang is an American hardcore punk band , formed in Berkeley , California in 1980 . The group was originally part of the punk rock scene in Berkeley , California in the 1980s . Fang initially broke up in 1989 when vocalist Sam McBride was sent to prison for killing his girlfriend , Dixie Lee Carney . Upon his release , in 1995 , McBride changed his name to Sammytown and reformed Fang ." }, { "docid": "Ian_Thomson_(rugby_league)", "title": "", "text": "Ian Thomson ( born 16 May 1956 ) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer of the 1970s and '80s . An Australian international and New South Wales interstate representative front row forward , he played club football for the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles , with whom he won the 1978 NSWRFL Premiership , as well as the Balmain Tigers . Thomson came from a footballing family : his father Jim and brother Gary were both Balmain players . His uncle , Allan Thomson was an Australian international . Ian played President 's Cup for Balmain in 1974 . He then spent two seasons with Quanbeyan under coach Don Furner , earning representative honours with Country Firsts in 1976 . He returned to Sydney , signing with Manly-Warringah for the 1977 NSWRFL season . The following year he represented New South Wales and was first selected to play for Australia in the first test against New Zealand . The 1978 NSWRFL season 's Grand Final was to be played by the Manly-Warringah and Cronulla-Sutherland clubs . The game ended in a draw and resulted in a re-play which was won by Manly-Warringah , with Thomson playing in both matches . After that he went on the 1978 Kangaroo tour . In the second-last round of the 1980 regular season , Thomson was sent off for a high tackle and was subsequently suspended by the judiciary for the rest of the season . In November 1980 Thomson agreed to play for two seasons with the Balmain Tigers , however he played only one season . The following year he returned to the Sea Eagles and reached the Grand Final which was eventually lost to the Parramatta Eels . In 1983 Thomson broke his arm in the first minute of a mid-season match against Eastern Suburbs which resulted in a further break , four operations and the insertion of a steel plate , in 1984 Ian mode to England Rugby Club , Swinton Lions , where he represented Swinton Lions in the position of prop forward , playing 12 times , before moving back to Australia . eventually forcing his retirement in 1986 . He then started coaching in the Newcastle area . In 2000 Thomson was appointed Chairman of the newly formed Northern Eagles club , overseeing the demise of the merger with the North Sydney Bears at the end of 2001 and the reversion of the franchise to the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles . Thomson continued on at Manly , becoming Chief Executive ." }, { "docid": "Sunnyboys", "title": "", "text": "Sunnyboys are an Australian power pop/post-punk band formed in Sydney in 1980 . Fronted by singer-songwriter , guitarist Jeremy Oxley , the band `` breathed some freshness and vitality into the divergent Sydney scene '' . Their first two albums , Sunnyboys and Individuals both appeared in the Top 30 of the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart . Sunnyboys first formed in 1979 and broke up in June 1984 . Jeremy Oxley formed various incarnations of the band throughout the 1980s and into 1991 , as the only original member . The original line-up ( without Burgman ) reunited for a one-off show in 1998 for the Mushroom 25 Concert . In 2012 the original line-up reunited for a surprise show in Sydney as part of the Dig It Up concert series , billed as `` Kids In Dust '' . The original line-up of Sunnyboys later played sporadic shows in 2013 and also undertook national headline tours in March 2014 and March 2015 . The band will be playing as part of the ' A Day On The Green ' concert series in March 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Brighton_Rock_(band)", "title": "", "text": "Brighton Rock are a Canadian hard rock band who released three albums in their home country during the 1980s and 1990s . They broke up in 1991 before reuniting and releasing a live album in 2002 ." }, { "docid": "Devil_Hunter_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Devil Hunter ( also known as Man Hunter , Mandingo Manhunter and Sexo Caníbal ) is a 1980 splatter film directed by Jesús Franco under the pseudonym `` Clifford Brown '' and written by Franco and Julián Esteban ( under the pseudonym Julius Valery ) . It was shot back-to-back with Franco 's Mondo Cannibale ( also 1980 ) . It is one of the infamous `` Video Nasties '' that was banned in the United Kingdom in the 1980s . Lina Romay co-directed this film , while Franco 's first wife Nicole Guettard edited it . This shows that Franco was still with Nicole as late as 1980 . ( Eventually they broke up and she was replaced in Franco 's life by Lina Romay . ) Pierre Chevalier was the art director on this film ." }, { "docid": "Shaiju_Mathew", "title": "", "text": "Shaiju Mathew ( born 1980 ) is an Indian author , screenplay writer , movie reviewer and director , known for his 2010 book Knocked Up . Knocked Up is set to become a feature film in Hindi , with Mathew co-producing . A Marathi movie Timepass loosely based on Knocked Up released in February 2014 . The film was the highest grossing Marathi film until the release of Lai Bhaari in the same year , which broke its record . Andhra Pori starring Puri Akash son of Puri Jagannadh is also based on Mathew 's novel Knocked Up ." }, { "docid": "Operation_Eagle_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Operation Eagle may refer to : Operation Eagle ( Sinai ) ( 2011 ) Operation Eagle ( Sri Lanka ) ( 1990 ) Operation Eagle may also refer to : Operation Eagle Ares ( 2007 ) Operation Eagle Assist ( 2001 ) Operation Eagle Attack ( 1940 ) Operation Eagle Claw ( 1980 ) Operation Eagle Curtain ( 2003 ) Operation Eagle Dive I ( 2007 ) Operation Eagle Eye ( Kosovo ) ( 1999 ) Operation Eagle Eye ( United States ) ( 1960s ) Operation Eagle Fury ( 2003 ) Operation Eagle Guardian ( 2010 ) Operation Eagle Lightning ( 2007 ) Operation Eagle Pull ( 1975 ) Operation Eagle 's Summit ( 2008 ) Operation Eagle Sweep ( 2007 ) Operation Eagle Talon ( 2007 ) Operation Eagle Venture IV ( 2007 ) Operation Eagle Watch ( 2006 )" }, { "docid": "Andy_Kessler_(skateboarder)", "title": "", "text": "Andrew Kessler ( June 11 , 1961 -- August 10 , 2009 ) was a New York City skateboarder , a prominent member of The Soul Artists of Zoo York , which eventually broke up in 1980 and was featured in the documentary Deathbowl to Downtown ." }, { "docid": "Gang_Green", "title": "", "text": "Gang Green is a rock band originally from Braintree , Massachusetts . Chris Doherty ( guitar ) , Bill Manley ( bass ) and Mike Dean ( drums ) started the band in 1980 and broke up in 1984 . The band was influential in the formation of the East Coast hardcore scene ." }, { "docid": "Talk_to_Me_(Kiss_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Talk to Me '' is a song by American hard rock band Kiss , released in 1980 on their eighth studio album Unmasked . The song , never released as a single in the US , was released as a single worldwide on November 1 , 1980 . The song broke the top 40 in several countries , reaching the highest position in Switzerland , at # 10 . `` Talk to Me '' was played only when Ace Frehley was a member of the band . American glam punk band Peppermint Creeps covered `` Talk to Me '' for their Cover Up in 2007 ." }, { "docid": "The_Rumour", "title": "", "text": "The Rumour were a British rock band in the late 1970s and early 1980s . They are best known as the backup band for Graham Parker , whose early records ( from 1976 to 1980 ) were credited to Graham Parker & The Rumour . However , The Rumour were also recording artists in their own right , releasing three albums : Max ( 1977 ) , Frogs , Sprouts , Clogs and Krauts ( 1979 ) , and Purity of Essence ( 1980 ) . The group broke up at the end of 1980 , but reunited as Parker 's backing band in 2011 , and have performed and recorded with Parker ever since . The band undertook a short final UK tour in October 2015 , finishing with a final concert at the London Forum on 17 October 2015 . At this show , the surviving members of the horn section also reunited , the first time for 33 years ." }, { "docid": "All_American_Racers", "title": "", "text": "All American Racers is an American auto racing team and constructor based in Santa Ana , California . Founded by Dan Gurney and Carroll Shelby in 1964 , All American Racers initially participated in American sports car and Champ Car races as well as international Formula One events with cars named Eagle . The Formula One team , based in the United Kingdom and using British-built Weslake engines was named Anglo American Racers . Under team manager Bill Dunne they set up shop in Rye , East Sussex . The team were adjacent to Harry Weslake 's engine development plant and half a mile from Elva cars . They participated in 25 Grands Prix , entering a total of 34 cars . The first Eagles were created after AAR entered a Goodyear-backed Lotus 38 in the 1965 Indianapolis 500 and Gurney hired former Lotus designer Len Terry to develop their own car for 1966 . The resulting Ford-powered Eagle T2G was codeveloped with the Eagle T1G for Formula 1 . After exiting Formula One in 1968 and concentrating on Champ Car , Eagle turned to sports car racing in the 1980s , partnering with Toyota to develop the Celica and later sports prototypes for the Camel GT Championship . The company built the Ben Bowlby-designed DeltaWing that was run by Highcroft Racing at the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans ." }, { "docid": "Cliff_Lyons", "title": "", "text": "Cliff Lyons ( born 19 October 1961 ) is an indigenous Australian former international-level rugby league footballer of the 1980s , and 90s . A Clive Churchill Medallist and two-time Dally M Medallist , he made 309 first-grade appearances with the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles , winning grand finals with them in 1987 and 1996 , and also represented New South Wales and Australia , being part of the successful 1990 Kangaroo Tour of Great Britain and France . Cliff Lyons , known as Napper or Cliffy to his mates , started his rugby league career playing forward , but was often moved into the role which is where he was considered to be at his best . It was at five-eighth that Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles coach Bob Fulton started playing Lyons on a permanent basis and he quickly became a favourite son at the Sea Eagles who gave him the nickname `` God '' . Lyons success with the Sea Eagles , winning premierships in 1987 and 1996 saw him selected to the Manly Sea Eagles 60th Anniversary Dream Team in 2006 . Lyons was named on the bench of the 17 man team . Lyons was notable for his elusive cross-field runs , creating doubt in the minds of defenders and setting up gaps for support players to run back into . His most potent partnership was with er Steven Menzies , who was nicknamed , `` Jesus '' because he ran off the right hand of God ." }, { "docid": "Fujitsu_Eagle", "title": "", "text": "The Fujitsu M2351 `` Eagle '' was a hard disk drive with an SMD interface that was used on many servers in the mid-1980s . It offered an unformatted capacity of 470 MB in 10 +1 / 2 in ( 6U ) of 19-inch rack space , at a retail price of about US$ 10,000 . The data density , access speed , reliability , use of a standard interface , and price point combined to make it a very popular product used by many system manufacturers , such as Sun Microsystems . The Eagle was also popular at installations of DEC VAX systems , as third-party storage systems were often dramatically more cost-effective and space-dense than those vendor-supplied . The model 2351A incorporated eleven platters rotating at 3,960 rpm , taking half a minute to spin up . The Eagle used 10.5 in platters , unlike most of its competitors , which still used the 14 in standard set in 1962 by the IBM 1311 . One moving head accessed each data surface ( 20 total ) , one more head was dedicated to the servo mechanism . The model 2351AF added 60 fixed heads ( 20 surfaces × 3 cylinders ) for access to a separate area of 1.7 MB . The Eagle achieved a data transfer rate of 1.8 MB/s ( a contemporary 5 +1 / 4 in PC disk would only deliver 0.4 MB/s ) . Power consumption ( of the drive alone ) was about 600 watts ." }, { "docid": "Paradox_(Canadian_band)", "title": "", "text": "Paradox was a Canadian band formed in the 1980s by singer/guitarist Sylvain Cossette . The band 's best known lineup featured Sylvain on vocals , Francois Cossette ( guitar ) , Denis Lavigne ( drums ) , and Jean-Francois Houle ( bass ) . The band broke up in 1991 ." } ]
19584	Black Widow is Russian.	[ { "docid": "Black_Widow_(Natasha_Romanova)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow ( Чёрная вдова , transliterated Chyornaya Vdova ) ( Natalia Alianovna `` Natasha '' Romanova , Russian : Наталья Альяновна '' Наташа '' Романова , also known as Natasha Romanoff ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by editor and plotter Stan Lee , scripter Don Rico , and artist Don Heck , the character first appeared in Tales of Suspense No. 52 ( April 1964 ) . The character was first introduced as a Russian spy , an antagonist of the superhero Iron Man . She later defected to the United States , becoming an agent of the fictional spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. , and a member of the superhero team the Avengers . Scarlett Johansson portrayed the character in the films Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Captain America : The Winter Soldier ( 2014 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) as a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Black_Widow_(Chechnya)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow ( чёрная вдова , chyornaya vdova ) or shahidka ( шахидка -- Russian feminine gender derivation from shahid ) , is a term for Islamist Chechen female suicide bombers , willing to be a manifestation of violent jihad . They became known at the Moscow theater hostage crisis of October 2002 . The commander Shamil Basayev referred to the shahidkas as a part of force of his suicide bombers called the Riyad-us Saliheen Brigade of Martyrs . Basayev also stated that he himself trained at least fifty of the black widows . The term of `` Black Widows '' probably originates from the fact that many of these women are widows of men killed by the Russian forces in Chechnya . ( The toxic connotation of black widow spider is intended . ) In 2003 , the Russian journalist Julia Jusik coined the phrase `` Brides of Allah '' when she described the process by which Chechen women were recruited by Basayev and his associates ; the phrase was also used again after the Beslan attack , as the title of an installment of the Russian NTV programme Top Secret ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widower_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "`` Black Widower '' is an episode of The Simpsons Black Widower may also refer to : Black Widowers , a fictional men-only dining club created by Isaac Asimov for a series of mystery stories Black Widower , a made-for-TV film about convicted murderer Lowell Amos `` The Black Widower '' , an episode of The Wayans Bros. television series" }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_(Black_Widow_album)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow is the eponymous second album by English rock band Black Widow . It was issued in 1971 on CBS Records ( the same year Black Sabbath 's Master of Reality was released ) and was produced by Patrick Meehan Jr. . On Black Widow , the occult-based lyrical themes that had dominated the band 's debut disappeared ." }, { "docid": "Latrodectism", "title": "", "text": "Latrodectism is the illness caused by the bite of Latrodectus spiders ( the black widow spider and related species ) . Pain , muscle rigidity , vomiting , and sweating are the hallmarks of latrodectism . Contrary to popular conception , latrodectism is very rarely fatal to people . Domestic cats have been known to die with convulsion and paralysis . There are several spider species all named black widow : southern black widow spider ( L. mactans ) , the European black widow ( L. tredecimguttatus ) , Western black widow spider ( L. hesperus ) , Northern black widow spider ( L. variolus ) . Other Latrodectus that cause latrodectism are the Australian redback spider ( L. hasselti ) , and the New Zealand katipo spider ( L. katipo ) . Several other members of Latrodectus genus are not commonly associated with latrodectism including the cosmopolitan brown widow ( L. geometricus ) ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_(video_game)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow is a vector arcade game developed by Atari released in 1982 . The player takes the role of a Black widow spider defending a web from invading bugs . The player must move the spider around the web while simultaneously shooting/avoiding various bugs and collecting the bonuses that appear after the enemies are eliminated . The game is a twin-stick shooter in the vein of Robotron : 2084 by Williams , but with fewer enemies on-screen . Black Widow was offered as a conversion kit for Gravitar , which met poor commercial success . The kit used the original Gravitar PCB with a few small modifications and a new set of ROM chips . Many factory-built Black Widows were produced using unsold Gravitar cabinets with Black Widow sideart applied over the Gravitar sideart ." }, { "docid": "The_Return_of_the_Black_Widowers", "title": "", "text": "The Return of the Black Widowers is a collection of short mystery stories by Isaac Asimov featuring his fictional club of mystery solvers , the Black Widowers . It was first published in hardcover by Carroll & Graf in December 2003 , and in trade paperback by the same publisher in November 2005 . This book is the last of six books that collect the stories of the Black Widowers , a club based on a literary dining club Asimov belonged to known as the Trap Door Spiders.Asimov 1994 , I. Asimov , chapter `` 120 . The Trap Door Spiders '' . It was assembled and edited after Asimov 's death by Charles Ardai , and collects the last six stories Asimov wrote for the series . These six stories are preceded by an introduction by Harlan Ellison , ten stories selected by the editor as the best from the previous Black Widowers collections , and a homage by William Brittain . They are then followed by an eleventh reprinted tale featuring a fictionalized version of Ellison , a new Black Widowers tale by Ardai , and an afterword by Asimov on the creation of the series drawn from his autobiography I. Asimov ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_(paint_mix)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow ( paint mix ) ( also Black Widow US and Black Widow EU ) is a non-commercial open source project , led by mechman ( US ) , wbassett ( US ) and custard10 ( EU ) , to create paint mix for DIY ( do it yourself ) projection screens from easily accessible materials all over US and EU , which could outperform some commercial projection screens ." }, { "docid": "Latrodectus_geometricus", "title": "", "text": "Latrodectus geometricus , commonly known as the brown widow , brown button , grey widow , brown black widow , house button spider or geometric button spider , is one of the widow spiders in the genus Latrodectus . As such , it is a ` cousin ' to the more infamous Latrodectus mactans ( black widow ) ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_(Yelena_Belova)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow ( Yelena Belova ) is a fictional character , a spy in the and second modern-era character to use the name Black Widow . She first appears in Inhumans # 5 ( March 1999 ) and was created by Devin Grayson and J. G. Jones ." }, { "docid": "Casebook_of_the_Black_Widowers", "title": "", "text": "Casebook of the Black Widowers is a collection of mystery short stories by American author Isaac Asimov , featuring his fictional club of mystery solvers , the Black Widowers . It was first published in hardcover by Doubleday in January 1980 and in paperback by the Fawcett Crest imprint of Ballantine Books in March 1981 . This book is the third of six in the Black Widowers series , based on a literary dining club he belonged to known as the Trap Door Spiders.Asimov 1994 , I. Asimov , chapter `` 120 . The Trap Door Spiders '' . It collects twelve stories by Asimov , nine reprinted from mystery magazines and three previously unpublished , together with a general introduction and an afterword by the author following each story . Each story involves the club members ' knowledge of trivia ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_Records", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow Records is an Italian record label founded Genoa in 1990 and taking its name from the British progressive rock act Black Widow . It was originally a rarities shop focusing on collectable records and reissues . After a few years they began to release records , at first concentrating on reissuing rare records but then began to release new albums by contemporary bands ." }, { "docid": "More_Tales_of_the_Black_Widowers", "title": "", "text": "More Tales of the Black Widowers is a collection of mystery short stories by American author Isaac Asimov , featuring his fictional club of mystery solvers , the Black Widowers . It was first published in hardcover by Doubleday in October 1976 , and in paperback by the Fawcett Crest imprint of Ballantine Books in November 1977 . The first British edition was issued by Gollancz in April 1977 . This book is the second of six that describe mysteries solved by the Black Widowers , based on a literary dining club he belonged to known as the Trap Door Spiders.Asimov 1994 , I. Asimov , chapter `` 120 . The Trap Door Spiders '' . It collects twelve stories by Asimov , nine reprinted from mystery or science fiction magazines and three previously unpublished , together with a general introduction , and an afterword following each story by the author . Each story involves the club members ' knowledge of trivia ." }, { "docid": "Puzzles_of_the_Black_Widowers", "title": "", "text": "Puzzles of the Black Widowers is a collection of mystery short stories by American author Isaac Asimov , featuring his fictional club of mystery solvers , the Black Widowers . It was first published in hardcover by Doubleday in January 1990 , and in paperback by Bantam Books the same year . The first British edition was issued in hardcover by Doubleday ( UK ) in April 1990 , and the first British paperback edition by Bantam UK in April 1991 . This book is the fifth of six that describe mysteries solved by the Black Widowers , based on a literary dining club he belonged to known as the Trap Door Spiders.Asimov 1994 , I. Asimov , chapter `` 120 . The Trap Door Spiders '' . It collects twelve stories by Asimov , nine reprinted from mystery magazines and three previously unpublished , together with a general introduction and an afterword by the author following each story . Each story involves the club members ' knowledge of trivia ." }, { "docid": "Tales_of_the_Black_Widowers", "title": "", "text": "Tales of the Black Widowers is a collection of mystery short stories by American author Isaac Asimov , featuring his fictional club of mystery solvers , the Black Widowers . It was first published in hardcover by Doubleday in June 1974 , and in paperback by the Fawcett Crest imprint of Ballantine Books in August 1976 . The first British edition was issued by Panther in 1976 . The book has also been translated into German . This book is the first of six that describe mysteries solved by the Black Widowers , based on a literary dining club he belonged to known as the Trap Door Spiders.Asimov 1994 , I. Asimov , chapter `` 120 . The Trap Door Spiders '' . It collects twelve stories by Asimov , nine reprinted from mystery magazines and three previously unpublished , together with a general introduction , and an afterword following each story by the author . Each story involves the club members ' knowledge of trivia ." }, { "docid": "The_Phantom_Family_Halo", "title": "", "text": "The Phantom Family Halo is an American indie rock band from Louisville in Kentucky notable for music described as having a `` post-metal state of ungodly loudness '' while managing to achieve a `` neat creepy B-movie horror feel . '' The six-member band , currently based in Brooklyn , has performed with bands such as Black Angels , Black Mountain , Dead Meadow , USAisamonster , Hawkwind , Slint , Damo Suzuki , Acid Mothers Guru Guru , Stormtrippers , Russian Circles , Young Widows , Sapat , The For Carnation , and Bonnie `` Prince '' Billy . The band signed a recording contract with Knitting Factory Records in 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Black_widow", "title": "", "text": "Black widow may refer to :" }, { "docid": "Black_Widow:_A_Land_Bleeds", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow : A Land Bleeds is an Indian film about a widow working as a prostitute in Mumbai . The film completed shooting and postproduction and then faced many problems . Its release was significantly delayed due to a ruling by the Central Board of Film Certification ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_(Claire_Voyant)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow ( Claire Voyant ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . An antiheroine who kills evildoers in order to deliver their souls to Satan , her master , she first appears in Mystic Comics # 4 ( cover dated Aug. 1940 ) , published by Marvel predecessor Timely Comics . Created by writer George Kapitan and artist Harry Sahle , she is unrelated to Marvel 's later superspy character called Black Widow ." }, { "docid": "Addis_Black_Widow", "title": "", "text": "Addis Black Widow is a Swedish band . Their songs include `` Innocent '' , `` Wait in Summer '' , and `` Goes Around Comes Around '' , which reached # 2 on the Swedish Tracks Chart in 2001 . The single `` Innocent '' reached # 42 in the UK Chart in 1996 . Two years later they , under the moniker Bus 75 , reached # 69 in the UK Chart guesting on the song `` Four Big Speakers '' by Swedish rock band Whale . In 2007 , the group entered Melodifestivalen 's first semifinal with the song `` Clubbin '' . The group finished last and failed to make it to the finals . Band member `` Cream '' , who lives in London , did not participate . From 2008 Addis Black Widow has been a Hip Pop artist led by Pigeonmun one of the founders . He is the main producer and composer from the beginning . Other bands associated to Addis Black Widow are Bus75 , Raw Meat Productions Hb and Surreal entertainment Db . The music is a mixture of hip hop , rap , and pop music pigeonmun calls Hip Pop . Armias Pigeon Mamo also known now as Addis Black Widow started writing HoyaHoye lyrics as a kid in Ethiopia in the 80s , and shortly after that started making music videos for the songs in Oakland USA and Karlstad Sweden , Then he started writhing rap songs , he quickly started climbing charts anytime he got the chans to reales the music . Pigeon also had the been participating in many major productions . Addis Black Widow went by the artist name Pigeon , self-contained cinematografer writhing , producing songs and doing videos and films . He had been a part of many professional productions with names of artists such as , Chris Martin from Coldplay , Van Halen , Gwen Stefani from No Doubt , Gordon Cyrus , Whale , Bus75 , Mick Jagger from The Rolling Stones , Keanu Reeves , Addis Black Widow his own band , DJ Rock Ski/Ayodele Shekoni , Steven Fargnoli , Rodney Bingenheimer , Courtney Love , Rob Dickins , Dilba , David Tainton , Leaf Nuts , Janne Schaffer , Brooke Shields , Alice Cooper , Henrik Schyffert , Cher , Neil Young , Beck , Green Day , David Bowie , Ray Manzarek from The Doors , Kayo , Gladys del Pilar from Afro-Dite , Paul McCartney from The Beatles , Johnny Lee Jackson and many more ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Black_Widow_characters", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of characters associated with the Marvel Comics superhero Black Widow ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widowers", "title": "", "text": "The Black Widowers is a fictional men-only dining club created by Isaac Asimov for a series of sixty-six mystery stories that he started writing in 1971 . Most of the stories were first published in Ellery Queen 's Mystery Magazine , though a few first appeared in Fantasy & Science Fiction , Isaac Asimov 's Science Fiction Magazine , and the various book collections into which the stories were eventually gathered . Asimov wrote `` there are few stories I write that I enjoy as much as I enjoy my Black Widowers . ''" }, { "docid": "The_Black_Widow_(serial)", "title": "", "text": "The Black Widow ( 1947 ) is a Republic Movie serial . Thirteen episodes were made ." }, { "docid": "Latrodectus_hesperus", "title": "", "text": "Latrodectus hesperus , the western black widow spider or western widow , is a venomous spider species found in western regions of North America . The female 's body is 14 -- 16 mm ( 1/2 in ) in length and is black , often with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the lower abdomen . This `` hourglass '' mark can be yellow , and on rare occasions , white . The male of the species is around half this length and generally a tan color with lighter striping on the abdomen . The population was previously described as a subspecies of Latrodectus mactans and it is closely related to the northern species Latrodectus variolus . The species , as with others of the genus , build irregular or `` messy '' webs : Unlike the spiral webs or the tunnel-shaped webs of other spiders , the strands of a Latrodectus web have no apparent organization . Female black widows have potent venom composed of neurotoxins . Fatalities usually only happen with children and the elderly , however medical treatment may be required for others as well . However , the male black widow is harmless to humans . The female 's consumption of the male after courtship , a cannibalistic and suicidal behavior observed in Latrodectus hasseltii ( Australia 's redback ) , is rare in this species . Male western widows may breed several times during their relatively short lifespans . Males are known to show preference for mating with well-fed females over starved ones , taking cues from the females ' webs ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_(ride)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow is a Zamperla Giant Discovery ride that pendulums riders at Kennywood . It opened on June 8 , 2012 ." }, { "docid": "Fury/Black_Widow:_Death_Duty", "title": "", "text": "Fury/Black Widow : Death Duty is a graphic novel published by Marvel Comics in 1995 ." }, { "docid": "The_Black_Widow_(Silva_novel)", "title": "", "text": "The Black Widow is the sixteenth in Daniel Silva 's Gabriel Allon series . It was released on July 12 , 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_(2010_film)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow is an 2010 thriller movie directed by Mark Roemmich and starring Janine Turner , Jack Scalia and Jennifer O'Dell ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_(Lalo_Schifrin_album)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow is an album by Argentine composer , pianist and conductor Lalo Schifrin recorded in 1976 and released on the CTI label ." }, { "docid": "Latrodectus_variolus", "title": "", "text": "Latrodectus variolus , the northern black widow spider or northern widow , is a medically important spider species of the genus Latrodectus in the family Theridiidae . The population is closely related to the southern black widow , Latrodectus mactans , and the western black widow , Latrodectus hesperus , of the genus . It is commonly found in Middle Atlantic states ( New Jersey , Delaware , Maryland ) . During the April -- May mating season , it can travel north along the coast as far as Massachusetts . It also occurs in Connecticut in late summer . It is found , rarely , in southern Ontario , Canada , and in Southeastern Michigan . A bite may cause latrodectism , and requires medical attention in the case of increasingly severe discomfort or spreading local redness accompanied by severe pain . The LD-50 has been measured in mice as 1.20-2 .70 mg ; each spider contains about 0.254 mg of venom . Unlike for the related Latrodectus mactans , no antivenom was available ." }, { "docid": "Black_Widow_(2007_film)", "title": "", "text": "Black Widow is a 2007 made-for-television movie produced by RHI Entertainment and starring Elizabeth Berkley , Alicia Coppola and Adriana DeMeo . It is loosely based on the 1987 film of the same name starring Debra Winger and Theresa Russell . Black Widow re-unites Elizabeth Berkley and Randall Batinkoff , who starred together four years previously in the action thriller The Detonator . Adriana DeMeo stars in crime series Without a Trace , for which Elizabeth Berkley has made a notable special guest appearance . The film was originally released in 2007 , before being re-cut and re-released in 2008 under the title Dark Beauty ." } ]
122914	Portugal is the 5th most peaceful country in the world and it also features a high-income advanced economy and the 18th highest social progress in the world.	[ { "docid": "Portugal", "title": "", "text": "Portugal ( Portuguese : -LSB- puɾtuˈɣaɫ -RSB- ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( -LSB- República Portuguesa , links = no -RSB- ) ( Portuguese : -LSB- ʁɨ ` publikɐ puɾtu ' ɣezɐ -RSB- ) In recognized minority languages of Portugal : República Pertuesa is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe . To the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain . The Portugal -- Spain border is 1214 km long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union . The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . The territory of modern Portugal has been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The Pre-Celts , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples . Portugal as a country was born in the aftermath of the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD and occupied most of it ever since . Precipitated by the seminal event for its foundation , the Battle of São Mamede , where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother Theresa of Portugal and her lover Fernão Peres de Trava , which established the nation 's sovereignty against rival neighbor kingdoms . Following São Mamede , the future king styled himself Prince of Portugal . He would be proclaimed King of Portugal in the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such by neighbouring kingdoms in 1143 . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers . During this time , Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration in the Age of Discovery , notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King João II , with such notable discoveries as Bartolomeu Dias 's reach of the Cape of Good Hope ( 1488 ) , the Vasco da Gama 's sea route to India ( 1497 -- 98 ) and the discovery of Brazil ( 1500 ) . Portugal monopolized the spice trade during this time , and the Portuguese Empire expanded with military campaigns led in Asia . But the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake , the country 's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars , the independence of Brazil ( 1822 ) , and the Liberal Wars ( 1828 -- 34 ) , all left Portugal crippled from war and diminished in its world power . After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy , the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established , later being superseded by the Estado Novo right-wing authoritarian regime . Democracy was restored after the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974 . Shortly after , independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories . The handover of Macau to China in 1999 marked the end of the longest-lived colonial empire . Portugal has left a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe and a legacy of over 250 million Portuguese speakers today . Portugal is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and a high living standard . It is the 5th most peaceful country in the world , maintaining a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government . It has the 18th highest Social Progress in the world , putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France , Spain and Italy . A founding member of NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , it is also a member of numerous other international organizations , including the United Nations , the European Union , the eurozone , and the OECD . Portugal is a pioneer when it comes to drug decriminalization , as the nation decriminalized the possession of all drugs for personal use in 2001 . LGBT rights in Portugal have improved substantially in the past two decades and are now among the best in the world . Moreover , after years of investment and cooperation , Portugal marked a climax on renewable energy worldwide in 2016 , when it was powered for 107 consecutive hours exclusively by wind , sun , and water , which advocates say further shows fossil fuels are indeed replaceable ." } ]	[ { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_Portugal", "title": "", "text": "Portugal is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe . To the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain . The Portugal -- Spain border is 1214 km long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union . Portugal is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and a high living standard . It is the 5th most peaceful country in the world , maintaining a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government . It has the 18th highest Social Progress in the world , putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France , Spain and Italy . A founding member of NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , it is also a member of numerous other international organizations , including the United Nations , the European Union , the eurozone , and the OECD . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Portugal '' ." }, { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_Slovakia", "title": "", "text": "Slovakia is a landlocked country in Central Europe . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak . Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . The country maintains a combination of market economy with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system . The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes . In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovakia is the world 's biggest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone . The car industry represents 43 percent of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Slovakia '' ." }, { "docid": "Slovakia", "title": "", "text": "Slovakia ( listen ) , is a landlocked country in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west , Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south . Slovakia 's territory spans about 49000 km2 and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak . The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries . In the 7th century , they played a significant role in the creation of Samo 's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra . In the 10th century , the territory was integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary , which itself became part of the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire . After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the Slovaks and Czechs established Czechoslovakia . A separate ( First ) Slovak Republic ( 1939 -- 1945 ) existed in World War II as a client state of Nazi Germany . In 1945 , Czechoslovakia was re-established under Communist rule as a Soviet satellite . In 1989 the Velvet Revolution ended authoritarian Communist rule in Czechoslovakia . Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia , sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce . Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system . Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care , free education and one of the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD . The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes . In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovakia is the world 's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone and the 7th largest car producer in the European Union . The car industry represents 43 % of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports ." }, { "docid": "World_Bank_high-income_economy", "title": "", "text": "A high-income economy is defined by the World Bank as a country with a gross national income per capita above US$ 12,475 in 2015 , calculated using the Atlas method . While the term `` high-income '' is often used interchangeably with `` First World '' and `` developed country '' , the technical definitions of these terms differ . The term `` first world '' commonly refers to countries that aligned themselves with the U.S. and NATO during the cold war . Several institutions , such as the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) or International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , take factors other than high per capita income into account when classifying countries as `` developed '' or `` advanced economies '' . According to the United Nations , for example , some high-income countries may also be developing countries . The GCC countries , for example , are classified as developing high-income countries . Thus , a high-income country may be classified as either developed or developing . Although the Holy See is a sovereign state , it is not classified by the World Bank under this definition ." }, { "docid": "South_Korea", "title": "", "text": "South Korea , officially the Republic of Korea ( ROK ; ) , is a sovereign state in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula . Officially , its territory consists of the whole Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands , which are largely mountainous . South Koreans lead a distinctive urban lifestyle , as half of them live in high-rises concentrated in the Seoul Capital Area with 25 million residents and the world 's sixth leading global city with the fourth largest economy and seventh most sustainable city in the world . The earliest neolithic Korean pottery dates to 8000 BC , with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC . The name Korea is derived from one of them , Goguryeo , also known as Koryŏ , which was a Han Chinese tributary state kingdom in East Asia that sent yearly tribute to the Emperor of China , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula and a small portion of Siberia and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Since their unification into Later Silla and Balhae in the 7th century , Korea enjoyed over a millennium of relative tranquility under long lasting dynasties . Under Sejong the Great in the 15th century , Koreans had one of the highest living standards in the world along with the Han Chinese and Japanese and developed improved versions many advanced innovations such as the metal movable type printing press in 1377 A.D. which was developed based on the previous Han Chinese Porcelain movable type printing press , used to print and publish the Jikji , the world 's oldest extant movable metal type printed paper book using the 8,000 year old traditional ancient Chinese writing system . Additionally , in 1443 Hangul was invented by the Korean King Sejong the Great as an easier alternative to the complex and difficult to learn ancient Chinese writing system which was usually reserved for elite academic scholars preparing for the imperial examinations of China . Hangul enabled anyone in the general Korean population to easily learn to read and write and transfer written information rather than spending years learning complicated ancient Chinese . Its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity , the third largest in the world , along with 12 World Heritage Sites . Annexed into Imperial Japan in 1910 , Korea was divided after its surrender in 1945 , but a North Korean invasion led to the Korean War ( 1950 -- 1953 ) . Peace has since mostly continued with the two agreeing to work peacefully for reunification and the South solidifying peace as a regional power with the world 's 10th largest defence budget . South Korea , along with Taiwan , Singapore and Hong Kong ( China ) is one of the four high-tech industrialized developed countries often referred to as the Four Asian Economic Dragons . The South Korean economy soared at an annual average of 10 % for over 30 years in a period of rapid transformation called the Miracle on the Han River . A long legacy of openness and focus on innovation made it successful . Today , it is the world 's seventh largest advanced economy and fifth largest exporter with the G20 's largest budget surplus and highest credit rating of any country in East Asia . It has free trade agreements with 75 % of the world economy and is the only G20 nation trading freely with China , the US and the EU simultaneously . Since 1988 , its constitution guarantees a liberal democracy with high government transparency and many fundamental rights such as universal healthcare . High personal freedoms led to the rise of a globally influential pop culture such as K-pop and K-drama , a phenomenon called the Korean Wave , known for its distinctive fashionable and trendy style . Home of the UN Green Climate Fund and GGGI , South Korea is a leader in low carbon green growth , committed to helping developing countries as a major DAC and Paris Club contributor . It is the world 's third least ignorant country in the Index of Ignorance , ranking eighth highest for peaceful tolerance and inclusion of minorities on the Fragile States Index . South Korea is a technologically advanced developed country driven by a highly educated and skilled workforce , having the world 's eighth highest median household income , the highest in Asia . Globally , it ranks highly in personal safety , job security , ease of doing business and healthcare quality , with the world 's third highest health adjusted life expectancy and fourth most efficient healthcare system . It is the world 's largest spender on R&D per GDP , leading the OECD in graduates in science and engineering and ranking third in the Youth Wellbeing Index . Home of Samsung , LG and Hyundai-Kia , South Korea was named the world 's most innovative country for 4 consecutive years since 2014 in the Bloomberg Innovation Index , ranking first in business R&D intensity , manufacturing value-added , patents filed per GDP , second in higher education efficiency and fourth in high-tech density and researcher concentration . In 2005 , it became the world 's first country to fully transition to high-speed Internet and today it has the world 's fastest Internet speed and highest smartphone ownership , ranking first in ICT Development , e-Government and 4G LTE coverage ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Malaysia", "title": "", "text": "The economy of Malaysia is the fourth largest in Southeast Asia , after the much more populous Indonesia , Thailand and the Philippines , and 38th largest in the world . Malaysia is also the third richest in Southeast Asia by GDP per capita values , after the city-states of Singapore and Brunei . Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy , which is relatively open and state-oriented . Malaysia 's economy is one of the most competitive in the world , ranking 14th in the Ease of Doing Business Index for 2015 . Malaysian economy is highly robust and diversified with export value of high-tech products in 2014 stood at 63.3 billion USD , the second highest after Singapore in ASEAN . Malaysia exports the second largest volume and value of palm oil products globally after Indonesia . Despite government policies to increase income per capita in order to hasten the progress towards high income country by 2020 , Malaysia growth in labour productivity and wages has been very slow , lagging behind by the OECD standard . Academic research by the IMF and World Bank have repeatedly called for structural reform and endogenous innovation to move the country up the value chain of manufacturing to allow Malaysia escape the current middle income trap . Due to a heavy reliance on oil exports for central government revenue , the currency fluctuations has been very volatile , noticeably during the supply glut and oil price collapse in 2015 . However government had step up measures to increase revenue by introducing the widely unpopular Government Service Tax at 6 % rate to reduce deficits and meet federal debt obligations ." }, { "docid": "Uruguay", "title": "", "text": "Uruguay ( -LSB- ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ -RSB- -LSB- uɾuˈɣwai̯ -RSB- ) , officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( República Oriental del Uruguay ) , is a sovereign State in the southeastern region of South America . It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east , with the Río de la Plata ( River of Silver ) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast . Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.42 million people , of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city , Montevideo . With an area of approximately 176000 km2 , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America , only larger in size than Suriname . Uruguay was inhabited by the Charrúa people for approximately 4000 years before the Portuguese established Colonia del Sacramento , one of the oldest European settlements in the region , in 1680 . Montevideo was founded as a military stronghold by the Spanish in the early 18th century , signifying the competing claims over the region . Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828 , following a four-way struggle between Spain , Portugal , Argentina and Brazil . It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century , with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics until the late 20th century . Modern Uruguay is a democratic constitutional republic , with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government . Uruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy , peace , lack of corruption , e-government , and is first in South America when it comes to press freedom , size of the middle class and prosperity . On a per-capita basis , Uruguay contributes more troops to United Nations peace-keeping missions than any other country . It ranks second in the region on economic freedom , income equality , per-capita income and inflows of FDI . Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of HDI , GDP growth , innovation and infrastructure . It is regarded as a high-income country ( top group ) by the UN . Uruguay is also the third-best ranked in the world in e-Participation . Uruguay is an important global exporter of combed wool , rice , soybeans , frozen beef , malt and milk . Nearly 95 % of Uruguay 's electricity comes from renewable energy , mostly hydroelectric facilities and wind parks . The Economist named Uruguay `` country of the year '' in 2013 , acknowledging the innovative policy of legalizing the production , sale and consumption of cannabis . Same-sex marriage and abortion are also legal , leading Uruguay to be regarded as one of the most progressive nations in the world , and one of the most socially developed , outstanding regionally , and ranking highly on global measures of personal rights , tolerance , and inclusion issues ." }, { "docid": "Oman", "title": "", "text": "Oman ( -LSB- oʊˈmɑːn -RSB- ; عمان -LSB- ʕʊˈmaːn -RSB- ) , officially the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf , the country shares land borders with the United Arab Emirates to the northwest , Saudi Arabia to the west , and Yemen to the southwest , and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan . The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast . The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders , with the Strait of Hormuz ( which it shares with Iran ) and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam 's coastal boundaries . From the late 17th century , the Omani Sultanate was a powerful empire , vying with Portugal and Britain for influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean . At its peak in the 19th century , Omani influence or control extended across the Strait of Hormuz to modern-day Iran and Pakistan , and as far south as Zanzibar ( today part of Tanzania , also former capital ) . As its power declined in the 20th century , the sultanate came under the influence of the United Kingdom . Historically , Muscat was the principal trading port of the Persian Gulf region . Muscat was also among the most important trading ports of the Indian Ocean . Oman 's official religion is Islam . Oman is an absolute monarchy . The Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said has been the hereditary leader of the country since 1970 . Sultan Qaboos is the longest-serving current ruler in the Middle East , and sixth-longest current reigning monarch in the world . Oman has modest oil reserves , ranking 25th globally . Nevertheless , in 2010 the UNDP ranked Oman as the most improved nation in the world in terms of development during the preceding 40 years . A significant portion of its economy is tourism and trade of fish , dates , and certain agricultural produce . This sets it apart from its neighbors ' solely oil-dependent economies . Oman is categorized as a high-income economy and ranks as the 74th most peaceful country in the world according to the Global Peace Index ." }, { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_Denmark", "title": "", "text": "Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe . The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries , it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway . The island of Bornholm is offset to the east of the rest of the country , in the Baltic Sea . and bordered to the south by Germany . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 , and a population of 5.7 million . The country consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , with the largest being Zealand and Funen . Denmark has a developed mixed economy that is classed as a high-income economy by the World Bank . It ranks 18th in the world in terms of GDP ( PPP ) per capita and 6th in nominal GDP per capita . Denmark 's economy stands out as one of the most free in the Index of Economic Freedom and the Economic Freedom of the World . It is the 13th most competitive economy in the world , and 8th in Europe , according to the World Economic Forum in its Global Competitiveness Report 2014 -- 2015 . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Denmark '' ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Switzerland", "title": "", "text": "The economy of Switzerland is one of the world 's most stable economies . Its policy of long-term monetary security and political stability has made Switzerland a safe haven for investors , creating an economy that is increasingly dependent on a steady tide of foreign investment . Because of the country 's small size and high labor specialization , industry and trade are the keys to Switzerland 's economic livelihood . Switzerland has achieved one of the highest per capita incomes in the world with low unemployment rates and a balanced budget . The service sector has also come to play a significant economic role . The economy of Switzerland ranks first in the world in the 2015 Global Innovation Index ." }, { "docid": "Chinese_economic_reform", "title": "", "text": "The Chinese economic reform refers to the program of economic reforms termed `` Socialism with Chinese characteristics '' in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China , led by Deng Xiaoping . China had one of the world 's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century . In the 18th century , Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest , that is , one of the most fertile , best cultivated , most industrious , most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world . The economy stagnated beginning in the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century , with a brief recovery in the 1930s . Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages . The first stage , in the late 1970s and early 1980s , involved the decollectivization of agriculture , the opening up of the country to foreign investment , and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses . However , most industry remained state-owned . The second stage of reform , in the late 1980s and 1990s , involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls , protectionist policies , and regulations , although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained . The private sector grew remarkably , accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005 . From 1978 until 2013 , unprecedented growth occurred , with the economy increasing by 9.5 % a year . The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005 , reversing some reforms . The success of China 's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society . Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have greatly decreased poverty , while incomes and income inequality have increased , leading to a backlash led by the New Left . In the academic scene , scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese `` dual-track '' economy , and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union ; as well as the growth of other developing economies ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_the_European_Union", "title": "", "text": "The European Union is the second largest economy in the world ( if treated as a single country ) in nominal terms and according to purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . The European Union 's GDP was estimated to be $ 16.5 trillion ( nominal ) in 2016 according to the International Monetary Fund , representing 22.8 % of nominal global GDP . The euro , used by 19 of its 28 members , is the second largest reserve currency as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar . The euro is the official currency in the eurozone and in six other European countries , officially or de facto . The European Union ( EU ) economy consists of an internal market of mixed economies based on free market and advanced social models . The GDP per capita ( PPP ) was $ 37,800 in 2015 , compared to $ 57,084 in the United States and $ 14,340 in China . With a low Gini coefficient of 31 , the European Union has a more egalitarian repartition of incomes than the world average . Euronext is the main stock exchange of the Eurozone and the 7th world largest by market capitalisation . Foreign investments made in the European Union total $ 5.1 trillion in 2012 , while the E.U 's investments in foreign countries total 9.1 trillion , by far the highest domestic and foreign investments in the world . Since the beginning of the public debt crisis in 2009 , opposite economic situations have emerged between Southern Europe on one hand , and Central and Northern Europe on the other hand : a higher unemployment rate and public debt in the Mediterranean countries , and a lower unemployment rate with higher GDP growth rate in the Eastern and in Northern member countries . In 2015 , public debt in the European Union was 85 % of GDP , with disparities between the lowest rate , Estonia with 9.7 % , and the highest , Greece with 176 % . The seven largest trading partners of the European Union are the United States , China , Switzerland , Russia , Japan , Turkey and Norway . The EU is represented as a unified entity in the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , the G-20 and G7 , alongside with the EU 's member countries participating ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland", "title": "", "text": "The economy of Ireland is a modern knowledge economy , focusing on services and high-tech industries and dependent on trade , industry and investment . In terms of GDP per capita , Ireland is ranked as one of the wealthiest countries in the OECD and the EU-27 at 5th in the OECD-28 rankings as of 2008 . In terms of GNP per capita , a better measure of national income , Ireland ranks only slightly above the OECD average , despite significant growth in recent years , at 10th in the OECD-28 rankings . GDP ( national output ) is significantly greater than GNP ( national income ) due to the repatriation of profits and royalty payments by multinational firms based in Ireland . A 2005 study by The Economist found Ireland to have the best quality of life in the world . The 1995 to 2007 period of very high economic growth , with a record of posting the highest growth rates in Europe , led many to call the country the Celtic Tiger . One of the keys to this economic growth was a low corporation tax , currently at 12.5 % standard rate . The Irish financial crisis severely affected the economy , compounding domestic economic problems related to the collapse of the Irish property bubble . After 24 years of continuous growth at an annual level during 1984 -- 2007 , Ireland first experienced a short technical recession from Q2-Q3 2007 , followed by a long 2-year recession from Q1 2008 -- Q4 2009 . In March 2008 , Ireland had the highest level of household debt relative to disposable income in the developed world at 190 % , causing a further slow down in private consumption , and thus also being one of the reasons for the long lasting recession . The hard economic climate was reported in April 2010 , even to have led to a resumed emigration . After a year with stagnant economic activity in 2010 , Irish real GDP rose by 2.2 % in 2011 and 0.2 % in 2012 , which was mainly driven by strong improvements in the export sector -- while private consumption remained subdued . The economic challenges continued , however , as the prolonged European sovereign-debt crisis caused a new Irish recession starting in Q3 2012 , which was still ongoing as of Q2 2013 . In May 2013 the European Commission 's economic forecast for Ireland predicted its growth rates would return to a positive 1.1 % in 2013 and 2.2 % in 2014 . The Irish economy grew by 4.8 % in 2014 and an unexpected 26.3 % in 2015 . As of 2015 , Ireland was ranked as the world 's ninth most `` economically free '' economy in an index created by free-market economists from the Wall Street Journal and Heritage Foundation , the Index of Economic Freedom ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_the_United_States", "title": "", "text": "The United States is the world 's largest national economy in nominal terms and second largest according to purchasing power parity ( PPP ) , representing 22 % of nominal global GDP and 17 % of gross world product ( GWP ) . The United States ' GDP was estimated to be $ 18.56 trillion in 2016 . The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world 's foremost reserve currency , backed by its science and technology , its military , the full faith of the US government to reimburse its debts , its central role in a range of international institutions since World War II and the petrodollar system . Several countries use it as their official currency , and in many others it is the de facto currency . The United States has a mixed economy and has maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate , a moderate unemployment rate , and high levels of research and capital investment . Its seven largest trading partners are Canada , China , Mexico , Japan , Germany , South Korea , and the United Kingdom . The US has abundant natural resources , a well-developed infrastructure , and high productivity . It has the world 's ninth-highest per capita GDP ( nominal ) and tenth-highest per capita GDP ( PPP ) as of 2013 . Americans have the highest average household and employee income among OECD nations , and in 2010 had the fourth highest median household income , down from second highest in 2007 . It has been the world 's largest national economy ( not including colonial empires ) since at least the 1890s . The U.S. is the world 's third largest producer of oil and natural gas . It is one of the largest trading nations in the world as well as the world 's second largest manufacturer , representing a fifth of the global manufacturing output . The US not only has the largest internal market for goods , but also dominates the trade in services . US total trade amounted to $ 4.93 T in 2012 . Of the world 's 500 largest companies , 128 are headquartered in the US . The United States has one of the world 's largest and most influential financial markets . The New York Stock Exchange is by far the world 's largest stock exchange by market capitalization . Foreign investments made in the US total almost $ 2.4 trillion , while American investments in foreign countries total over $ 3.3 trillion . The economy of the U.S. leads in international ranking on venture capital and Global Research and Development funding . Consumer spending comprises 71 % of the US economy in 2013 . The United States has the largest consumer market in the world , with a household final consumption expenditure five times larger than Japan 's . The labor market has attracted immigrants from all over the world and its net migration rate is among the highest in the world . The U.S. is one of the top-performing economies in studies such as the Ease of Doing Business Index , the Global Competitiveness Report , and others . The US economy went through an economic downturn following the financial crisis of 2007 -- 08 , with output as late as 2013 still below potential according to the Congressional Budget Office . The economy , however , began to recover in the second half of 2009 , and as of 2016 , unemployment had declined from a high of 10 % to 4.7 % . In December 2014 , public debt was slightly more than 100 % of GDP . Domestic financial assets totaled $ 131 trillion and domestic financial liabilities totaled $ 106 trillion ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Argentina", "title": "", "text": "The economy of Argentina is a high-income economy , Latin America 's third largest , and the second largest in South America behind Brazil . The country benefits from rich natural resources , a highly literate population , an export-oriented agricultural sector , and a diversified industrial base . Argentina 's economic performance has historically been very uneven , in which high economic growth alternated with severe recessions , particularly during the late twentieth century , and income maldistribution and poverty increased . Early in the twentieth century Argentina had one of the highest per capita GDP levels in the world and the third largest economy in the developing world . Today a high-income economy , Argentina maintains a relatively high quality of life and GDP per capita . Argentina is considered an emerging market by the FTSE Global Equity Index , and is one of the G-20 major economies ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Brunei", "title": "", "text": "Brunei is a country with a small , wealthy economy that is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship , government regulation and welfare measures , and village tradition . It is almost totally supported by exports of crude oil and natural gas , with revenues from the petroleum sector accounting for over half of GDP . Per capita GDP is high , and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production . The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes food and housing . The government has shown progress in its basic policy of diversifying the economy away from oil and gas . Brunei 's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it has taken steps to become a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC ( Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation ) forum . Growth in 1999 was estimated at 2.5 % due to higher oil prices in the second half . Brunei is the third-largest oil producer in Southeast Asia , averaging about 180000 oilbbl/d . It also is the fourth-largest producer of liquefied natural gas in the world ." }, { "docid": "List_of_country_groupings", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of groupings of countries or of intergovernmental organisations , formal or informal , organisational or economic category . African Union ( AU ) is a continental union consisting of all fifty-five countries on the African continent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region Arab League , a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa , the Horn of Africa and Arabia , Algeria , Bahrain , Comoros , Djibouti , Egypt , Iraq , Jordan , Kuwait , Lebanon , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Oman , Palestine , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Sudan , Syria , Tunisia , United Arab Emirates , Yemen , to draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them , to safeguard their independence and sovereignty , and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries ASEAN , The Association of Southeast Asian Nations , a regional organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states BASIC countries , four large newly industrialized countries , Brazil , South Africa , India , China , to act jointly on climate change and emissions reduction Benelux Union is a politico-economic union of three neighbouring states in western Europe : Belgium , the Netherlands , and Luxembourg . BRIC , Brazil , Russia , India and China , which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development BRICS , Brazil , Russia , India , China and South Africa , leading developing or newly industrialized countries , and are distinguished by their large , sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs CIVETS , six emerging markets countries , Colombia , Indonesia , Vietnam , Egypt , Turkey and South Africa , a diverse and dynamic economy and a young , growing population Commonwealth of Nations , fifty-two member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire Development Assistance Committee ( DAC ) , to discuss issues surrounding aid , development and poverty reduction in developing countries , the world 's major donor countries , Australia , European Union , Iceland , New Zealand , South Korea , Austria , Finland , Ireland , Norway , Spain , Belgium , France , Italy , Poland , Sweden , Canada , Germany , Japan , Portugal , Switzerland , Czech Republic , Greece , Luxembourg , Slovakia , United Kingdom , Denmark , Hungary , Netherlands , Slovenia , United States Economic Cooperation Organisation ( ECO ) , Afghanistan , Azerbaijan , Iran , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyz , Pakistan , Tajikistan , Turkey , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , a political and economic organization , a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade and investment opportunities , the objective is to establish a single market for goods and services EAEU , Eurasian Economic Union , an economic union of Belarus , Kazakhstan , Russia , Armenia , Kyrgyzstan EU , The European Union , a political and economic union of twenty-eight member states that are located primarily in Europe Four Asian Tigers , economies of Hong Kong , Singapore , South Korea , Taiwan , underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates , now developed into advanced and high-income economies G4 nations , Brazil , Germany , India , and Japan , four countries which support each other 's bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council Group of Eight ( G8 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , the United States , and Russia , the world 's major highly industrialized economies in countries that view themselves as democracies G8 +5 , the G8 nations , plus the five leading emerging economies ( Brazil , China , India , Mexico , and South Africa ) G20 , or Group of Twenty , twenty major economies , Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Canada , China , European Union , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , South Korea , Mexico , Russia , Saudi Arabia , South Africa , Turkey , United Kingdom , United States , for studying , reviewing , and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability Group of 7 ( G7 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , and the United States , the seven major advanced economies as reported by the International Monetary Fund Group of 77 ( G77 ) , a loose coalition of developing nations , designed to promote its members ' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations Gulf Cooperation Council , Bahrain , Kuwait , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and the UAE . A regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf , except for Iraq . IBSA Dialogue Forum , India , Brazil , South Africa , an international tripartite grouping for promoting international cooperation among these countries Mercosur ( Southern Common Market ) , Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay , Venezuela , Bolivia , Chile , Peru , Colombia , Ecuador , Suriname , to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods , people , and currency MIKTA , an informal partnership between Mexico , Indonesia , Republic of Korea , Turkey , Australia , to support effective global governance MINT , the economies of Mexico , Indonesia , Nigeria , and Turkey NACAr , Norway , Australia , Canada , Argentina , countries characterized by middle to high income per capita , a low population density and a concentration of exports in natural resources North American Free Trade Agreement , NAFTA is an agreement signed by Canada , Mexico , and the United States , creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America Next Eleven ( Nll ) , Bangladesh , Egypt , Indonesia , Iran , Mexico , Nigeria , Pakistan , the Philippines , Turkey , South Korea and Vietnam -- identified as having a high potential of becoming , along with the BRICS countries , among the world 's largest economies in the 21st century OECD , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , to stimulate economic progress and world trade , countries committed to democracy and the market economy , most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index ( HDI ) and are regarded as developed countries OPEC , Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries , thirteen countries accounting for an estimated 42 percent of global oil production and 73 percent of the world 's proven oil reserves P5 , permanent members of the United Nations Security Council , China , France , Russia , the United Kingdom , the United States PIGS , the economies of the countries of Portugal , Italy and or Ireland , Greece , and Spain United Nations ( UN ) , an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation , 193 member states . VISTA ( Vietnam , Indonesia , South Africa , Turkey , Argentina ) is an emerging markets grouping proposed in 2006 by BRICs Economic Research Institute of Japan ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Chile", "title": "", "text": "The economy of Chile is ranked as a high-income economy by the World Bank , and is considered one of South America 's most stable and prosperous nations , leading Latin American nations in competitiveness , income per capita , globalization , economic freedom , and low perception of corruption . Although Chile has high economic inequality , as measured by the Gini index , it is close to the regional mean . In 2006 , Chile became the country with the highest nominal GDP per capita in Latin America . In May 2010 Chile became the first South American country to join the OECD . Tax revenues , all together 20.2 % of GDP in 2013 , were the second lowest among the 34 OECD countries , and the lowest in 2010 . Chile has an inequality-adjusted human development index of 0.661 , compared to 0.662 , 0.680 and 0.542 for neighboring Uruguay , Argentina and Brazil , respectively . In 2008 , only 2.7 % of the population lived on less than US $ 2 a day . The Global Competitiveness Report for 2009 -- 2010 ranked Chile as being the 30th most competitive country in the world and the first in Latin America , well above Brazil ( 56th ) , Mexico ( 60th ) , and Argentina which ranks 85th ; it has since fallen out of the top 30 . The ease of doing business index , created by the World Bank , listed Chile as 34th in the world as of 2014 , 41st for 2015 , and 48th as of 2016 . The privatized national pension system ( AFP ) has encouraged domestic investment and contributed to an estimated total domestic savings rate of approximately 21 % of GDP ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Russia", "title": "", "text": "Russia has an upper-middle income mixed economy with state ownership in strategic areas of the economy . Market reforms in the 1990s privatized much of Russian industry and agriculture , with notable exceptions to this privatization occurring in the energy and defense-related sectors . Russia 's vast geography is an important determinant of its economic activity , with some sources estimating that Russia contains over 30 percent of the world 's natural resources . The World Bank estimates the total value of Russia 's natural resources at $ 75 trillion US dollars . Russia relies on energy revenues to drive most of its growth . Russia has an abundance of oil , natural gas and precious metals , which make up a major share of Russia 's exports . the oil-and-gas sector accounted for 16 % of GDP , 52 % of federal budget revenues and over 70 % of total exports . Russia has a large and sophisticated arms industry , capable of designing and manufacturing high-tech military equipment , including a fifth-generation fighter jet , nuclear powered submarines , firearms , short range/long range ballistic missiles . The value of Russian arms exports totalled $ 15.7 billion in 2013 -- second only to the US . Top military exports from Russia include combat aircraft , air defence systems , ships and submarines . In 2015 , the Russian economy was the sixth largest in the world by PPP and twelfth largest at market exchange rates . Between 2000 and 2012 Russia 's energy exports fueled a rapid growth in living standards , with real disposable income rising by 160 % . In dollar-denominated terms this amounted to a more than sevenfold increase in disposable incomes since 2000 . In the same period , unemployment and poverty more than halved and Russians ' self-assessed life satisfaction also rose significantly . This growth was a combined result of the 2000s commodities boom , high oil prices , as well as prudent economic and fiscal policies . However , these gains have been distributed unevenly , as the 110 wealthiest individuals were found in a report by Credit Suisse to own 35 % of all financial assets held by Russian households . Poor governance means that Russia also has the second-largest volume of illicit money outflows , having lost over $ 880 billion between 2002 and 2011 in this way . Since 2008 Forbes has repeatedly named Moscow the `` billionaire capital of the world '' . The Russian economy risked going into recession from early 2014 , mainly due to falling oil prices , the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine , and the subsequent capital flight . While in 2014 GDP growth remained positive at 0.6 % , in 2015 the Russian economy shrunk by 3.7 % and was expected to shrink further in 2016 . However , the World Bank and the IMF estimated that Russia 's economy will begin to recover by 2017 . By 2016 , the Russian economy rebounded with 0.3 % GDP growth and is officially out of the recession . In January 2016 , the US company Bloomberg rated Russia 's economy as the 12th most innovative in the world , up from 14th in January 2015 and 18th in January 2014 . Russia has the world 's 15th highest patent application rate , the 8th highest concentration of high-tech public companies , such as internet and aerospace and the third highest graduation rate of scientists and engineers . Former finance minister Alexei Kudrin has said that Russia needs to reduce geopolitical tensions to improve its economic conditions ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago", "title": "", "text": "Trinidad and Tobago is the wealthiest country in the Caribbean as well as the third richest country by GDP ( PPP ) per capita in the Americas after the United States and Canada . Furthermore , it is recognised as a high income economy by the World Bank . Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean , the country 's economy is primarily industrial , with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals . The country 's wealth is attributed to its large reserves and exploitation of oil and natural gas . Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses and has one of the highest growth rates and per capita incomes in Latin America . Recent growth has been fueled by investments in liquefied natural gas ( LNG ) , petrochemicals , and steel . Additional petrochemical , aluminum , and plastics projects are in various stages of planning . Trinidad and Tobago is the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas , and its economy is heavily dependent upon these resources but it also supplies manufactured goods , notably food and beverages , as well as cement to the Caribbean region . Oil and gas account for about 40 % of GDP and 80 % of exports , but only 5 % of employment ." }, { "docid": "Great_Divergence_(inequality)", "title": "", "text": "The Great Divergence is a term given to a period in late 1970s , when income differences increased in the US and , to a lesser extent , in other countries . The term originated with Nobel laureate , Princeton economist and New York Times columnist Paul Krugman , and is a reference to the `` Great Compression '' , an earlier era in the 1930s and the 1940s when incomes became more equal in the US and elsewhere . A 2011 study by the Congressional Budget Office on the distribution of income in the US , from 1979 to 2007 , found that after federal taxes and income transfers , the top earning 1 % of households gained about 275 % and that the bottom 20 % grew by only 18 % . As of 2006 , the US had one of the highest levels of income inequality , as measured through the Gini index , among similar developed or First World countries . Scholars and others differ as the causes and significance of the divergence , which , in 2011 , helped ignite the `` Occupy '' protest movement . While education and increased demand for skilled labor is often cited as a cause of increased inequality , especially among conservatives , many social scientists point to conservative politics , neoliberal economic and social policies and public policy as an important cause of inequality ; others believe its causes are not well understood . Inequality has been described both as irrelevant in the face of economic opportunity ( or social mobility ) in America and as a cause of the decline in that opportunity . Journalist James Surowiecki points out the changes in the US economy in the last 50 years and how important low wages are now to big employers in the US . In 1960 , the country 's biggest employer , General Motors , was also its most profitable company and one of its best-paying . It had high profit margins and real pricing power , even as it was paying its workers union wages . And it was not alone : firms like Ford , Standard Oil , and Bethlehem Steel employed huge numbers of well-paid workers while earning big profits . Today , the country 's biggest employers are retailers and fast-food chains , almost all of which have built their businesses on low pay -- they 've striven to keep wages down and unions out -- and low prices . While these retailers and fast-food chains are profitable , their profit margins are not large , which limits their ability to follow the lead of successful companies in high-growth industries that pay relatively generous salaries , such as Apple Inc. . The combined profits of all the major retailers , restaurant chains , and supermarkets in the Fortune 50 -RSB- are smaller than the profits of Apple alone . Yet Apple employs just 76,000 people , while the retailers , supermarkets , and restaurant chains employ 5.6 million . The International Labour Organisation 's annual `` World of Work Report '' , predicted that the intensification of extremes between the wealthy and poor continues to widen in the European Union , where it is the highest in the world and that the `` gap is the major trigger for social unrest . ''" }, { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_South_Korea", "title": "", "text": "South Korea is a sovereign state in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula . Highly urbanized at 92 % , South Koreans lead a distinctive urban lifestyle ; half of them live in high-rises concentrated in the Seoul Capital Area with 25 million residents and the world 's sixth leading global city with the fourth largest economy and seventh most sustainable city in the world . South Korea is East Asia 's most developed country in the Human Development Index . Driven by a highly educated and skilled workforce , it has the world 's eighth highest median household income , the highest in Asia , and its singles in particular earn more than all G7 nations . Globally , it ranks highly in personal safety , job security , ease of doing business and healthcare quality , with the world 's third highest health adjusted life expectancy and fourth most efficient healthcare system . It is the world 's largest spender on R&D per GDP , leading the OECD in graduates in science and engineering and ranking third in the Youth Wellbeing Index . Home of Samsung , LG and Hyundai-Kia , South Korea was named the world 's most innovative country in the Bloomberg Innovation Index , ranking first in business R&D intensity and patents filed per GDP . In 2005 , it became the world 's first country to fully transition to high-speed Internet and today it has the world 's fastest Internet speed and highest smartphone ownership , ranking first in ICT Development , e-Government and 4G LTE coverage . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in South Korea '' ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Singapore", "title": "", "text": "Singapore has a highly developed trade-oriented market economy . Singapore 's economy has been ranked as the most open in the world , 7th least corrupt , most pro-business , with low tax rates ( 14.2 % of Gross Domestic Product , GDP ) and has the third highest per-capita GDP in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity ( PPP ) . APEC is headquartered in Singapore . Government-linked companies play a substantial role in Singapore 's economy , which are owned through the sovereign wealth fund Temasek Holdings , which holds majority stakes in several of the nation 's largest companies , such as Singapore Airlines , SingTel , ST Engineering and MediaCorp . The economy of Singapore is a major Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) outflow financier in the world . Singapore has also benefited from the inward flow of FDI from global investors and institutions due to its highly attractive investment climate and a stable political environment . Exports , particularly in electronics , chemicals and services including Singapore 's position as the regional hub for wealth management provide the main source of revenue for the economy , which allows it to purchase natural resources and raw goods which it lacks . Moreover , water is scarce in Singapore therefore water is defined as a precious resource in Singapore along with the scarcity of land to be treated with land fill of Pulau Semakau . Singapore has limited arable land , meaning that Singapore has to rely on the agrotechnology park for agricultural production and consumption . Human resources is another vital issue for the health of the Singaporean economy . The economy of Singapore ranks 2nd overall in the Scientific American Biotechnology ranking in 2014 , with the featuring of Biopolis . Singapore could thus be said to rely on an extended concept of intermediary trade to Entrepôt trade , by purchasing raw goods and refining them for re-export , such as in the wafer fabrication industry and oil refining . Singapore also has a strategic port which makes it more competitive than many of its neighbours in carrying out such entrepot activities . Singapore 's trade to GDP ratio is among the highest in the world , averaging around 400 % during 2008 -- 11 . The Port of Singapore is the second-busiest in the world by cargo tonnage . In addition , Singapore 's port infrastructure and skilled workforce , which is due to the success of the country 's education policy in producing skilled workers , is also fundamental in this aspect as they provide easier access to markets for both importing and exporting , and also provide the skill ( s ) needed to refine imports into exports . Singapore 's government promotes high levels of savings and investment through policies such as the Central Provident Fund , which is used to fund its citizen 's healthcare and retirement needs . Singapore 's savings rates have remained among the highest in the world since the 1970s . Most companies in Singapore are registered as private limited-liability companies ( commonly known as `` private limited companies '' ) . A private limited company in Singapore is a separate legal entity , and shareholders are not liable for the company 's debts beyond the amount of share capital they have contributed . To preserve its international standing and further its economic prosperity in the 21st century , Singapore has taken measures to promote innovation , encourage entrepreneurship and re-train its workforce . Also , to attract foreign talent , Singaporean government issues Employment Pass ( EP ) under three categories viz . P1 Employment Pass for those individuals with monthly income of $ 8,000 and up , P2 Employment Pass for individuals with monthly income of $ 4,500 -- 7,999 and Q1 Employment Pass individuals with a monthly income of at least $ 3,000 . The Ministry of Manpower ( Singapore ) ( MoM ) oversees the matter related to immigration of workers . These measures aim to boost Singapore 's productivity , so that Singapore remains competitive and ready for the challenges of an information-driven global economy ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Bahrain", "title": "", "text": "Bahrain has an open economy . The Bahraini currency is the second-highest-valued currency unit in the world . Since the late 20th century , Bahrain has heavily invested in the banking and tourism sectors . The country 's capital , Manama is home to many large financial structures . Bahrain 's finance industry is very successful . In 2008 , Bahrain was named the world 's fastest growing financial center by the City of London 's Global Financial Centres Index . Bahrain 's banking and financial services sector , particularly Islamic banking , have benefited from the regional boom driven by demand for oil . Petroleum production is Bahrain 's most exported product , accounting for 60 % of export receipts , 70 % of government revenues , and 11 % of GDP . Aluminium production is the second most exported product , followed by finance and construction materials . According to the 2011 Index of Economic Freedom , Bahrain has the freest economy in the Middle East and North Africa region and is the tenth freest economy in the world . An alternative index , published by the Fraser Institute , puts Bahrain in 44th place tied with 7 other countries . Bahrain was recognised by the World Bank as a high income economy ." }, { "docid": "Standard_of_living_in_Israel", "title": "", "text": "The standard of living in Israel is high and is constantly improving . Israel 's standard of living was ranked 18th in the world based on the UN Human Development Index in 2015 . Israel 's ranking was higher than many Western European countries including Belgium , France , Luxembourg , and Austria . It is considered a high-income country by the World Bank . Israel also has one of the highest life expectancies at birth in the world . However , Israel still suffers from poverty , though poverty rates are disputed ." }, { "docid": "Poland", "title": "", "text": "Poland ( Polska -LSB- ˈpɔlska -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( -LSB- Rzeczpospolita Polska , links = no -RSB- , ) , is a parliamentary republic in Central Europe . Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate . With a population of over 38.5 million people , Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other cities include Kraków , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk and Szczecin . The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe 's first constitution . Following the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century , Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles . In September 1939 , World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany , followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact . More than six million of Poland 's citizens died in the war . After World War II , the Polish People 's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence . In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989 , most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement , Poland established itself as a democratic republic . Poland is the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union , simultaneously achieving a `` very high '' ranking on the Human Development Index . Additionally , the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe . Poland is a developed and democratic country , with a high-income economy , and a very high standard of living . It also ranks very highly in education , safety and economic freedom . According to the World Bank , Poland has one of the best educational systems in Europe , placing it among the most educated nations . The country provides free university education , state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens . Situated between Eastern and Western European cultures and coined by a changing history , Poland developed a rich cultural heritage , including numerous historical monuments and 14 UNESCO World Heritage Sites . It is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year ( 2014 ) , making it the 16th most visited country in the world . Poland is a member state of the European Union , the Schengen Area , the United Nations , NATO and the OECD ." }, { "docid": "Unified_growth_theory", "title": "", "text": "Unified growth theory was developed to address the inability of endogenous growth theory to explain key empirical regularities in the growth processes of individual economies and the world economy as a whole . Endogenous growth theory was satisfied with accounting for empirical regularities in the growth process of developed economies over the last hundred years . As a consequence it was not able to explain the qualitatively different empirical regularities that characterized the growth process over longer time horizons in both developed and less developed economies . Unified growth theories are endogenous growth theories that are consistent with the entire process of development , and in particular the transition from the epoch of Malthusian stagnation that had characterized most of the process of development to the contemporary era of sustained economic growth . Unified growth theory was first advanced by Oded Galor and his co-authors who were able to characterize in a single dynamical system an initial stable Malthusian equilibrium which due to the evolution of latent state variables , ultimately vanishes endogenously , causing a transitional growth take off before the system gradually converges to a modern growth steady-state equilibrium . The Malthusian state is characterized by slow technological progress and population growth , where the benefits of technological progress are offset by population growth . In the modern growth state technological progress does not encourage population growth but human capital accumulation instead which then further spurs technological progress . The theory captures in a single analytical framework the main characteristics of the process of development : ( i ) the epoch of Malthusian stagnation that characterized most of human history , ( ii ) the escape from the Malthusian trap , ( iii ) the emergence of human capital formation in the process of development , ( iv ) the onset of the demographic transition , ( v ) the origins of the contemporary era of sustained economic growth , and ( vi ) the divergence in income per capita across countries . Unified growth theory suggests that the transition from stagnation to growth has been an inevitable by-product of the process of development . It argues that the inherent Malthusian interaction between the rate of technological progress and the size and composition of the population accelerated the pace of technological progress and ultimately raised the importance of education in coping with the rapidly changing technological environment . The rise in industrial demand for education brought about significant reductions in fertility rates . It enabled economies to divert a larger share of the gains from factor accumulation and technological progress to the enhancement of human capital formation and income per capita , paving the way for the emergence of sustained economic growth . The theory further explores the dynamic interaction between human evolution and the process of economic development and advances the hypothesis that the forces of natural selection played a significant role in the evolution of the world economy from stagnation to growth . The Malthusian pressures have acted as the key determinant of population size and conceivably , via natural selection , have shaped the composition of the population as well . Lineages of individuals whose traits were complementary to the economic environment generated higher levels of income , and thus a larger number of surviving offspring , and the gradual increase in the representation of their traits in the population contributed to the process of development and the take-off from stagnation to growth . Unified Growth Theory sheds light on the divergence in income per capita across the globe during the past two centuries . It identifies the factors that have governed the transition from stagnation to growth and have thus contributed to the observed worldwide differences in economic development . It highlights the persistent effects that variations in historical and prehistorical conditions have had on the composition of human capital and economic development across countries . Finally , it uncovers the forces that have led to the emergence of convergence clubs ." }, { "docid": "Economic_history_of_Portugal", "title": "", "text": "The economic history of Portugal covers the development of the economy throughout the course of Portuguese history . It has its roots prior to nationality , when Roman occupation developed a thriving economy in Hispania , in the provinces of Lusitania and Gallaecia , as producers and exporters to the Roman Empire . This continued under the Visigoths and then Al-Andalus Moorish rule , until the Kingdom of Portugal was established in 1139 . With the end of Portuguese reconquista and integration in the European Middle Age economy , the Portuguese were at the forefront of maritime exploration of the age of discovery , expanding to become the first global empire . Portugal then became the world 's main economic power during the Renaissance , introducing most of Africa and the East to European society , and establishing a multi-continental trading system extending from Japan to Brazil . In 1822 , Portugal lost its main colony , Brazil . Portuguese territorial claims in Africa were challenged during the Scramble for Africa . Political chaos and economic problems endured from the last years of the monarchy to the first Republic of 1910 -- 1926 , which led to the installing of a national dictatorship in 1926 . While Finance Minister António de Oliveira Salazar managed to discipline the Portuguese public finances , it evolved into a single-party corporative regime in the early 1930s -- the Estado Novo -- , whose first three decades were also marked by a relative stagnation and underdevelopment ; as such , by 1960 the Portuguese GDP per capita was only 38 percent of the EC-12 average . Starting in the early 1960s , Portugal entered in a period of robust economic growth and structural modernization , owing to a liberalization of the economy . As an expression of that economic opening , in 1960 the country was one of the EFTA founding member states . Yearly growth rates sometimes with two digits , allowed the Portuguese GDP per capita to reach 56 % of the EC-12 average by 1973 . This growth period eventually ended in the mid-1970s , for that contributing the 1973 oil crisis and the political turnoil following the April 25 , 1974 coup which led to the transition to democracy . From 1974 to the late 1970s , over a million Portuguese citizens arrived from the former African overseas colonies , most as destitute refugees -- the retornados . After nearly a decade of economic troubles , during which Portugal received two IMF-monitored bailouts , in 1986 the country entered the European Economic Community ( and left the EFTA ) . The European Union 's structural and cohesion funds and the growth of many of Portugal 's main exporting companies were leading forces in a new period of robust economic growth and socio-economic development which would last ( though with a short crisis around 1992 -- 94 ) to the early 2000s . In 1991 , GDP per capita surpassed the 1973 level and by 2000 it had achieved 70 % of the EU-12 average , which nonetheless constituted an approach to the Western European standards of living without precedents in the centuries before . Similarly , for several years Portuguese subsidiaries of large multinational companies ranked among the most productive in the world . However , the economy has been stagnated since the early 2000s and was hardly hit by the effects of the Great Recession , which eventually led to an IMF/EU-monitored bailout from 2011 to 2014 . The country adopted the euro in 1999 . Despite being both a developed country and a high income country , Portugal 's GDP per capita was of about 80 % of the EU-27 average . The Global Competitiveness Report of 2008 -- 2009 ranked Portugal 43rd out of 134 countries and territories . Research by the Economist Intelligence Unit 's ( EIU ) Quality of Life survey in 2005 ranked Portugal 19th in the world . Portugal is home to a number of major companies with international reputation such as Grupo Portucel Soporcel , a major world player in the international paper market , Sonae Indústria , the largest producer of wood-based panels in the world , Corticeira Amorim , the world leader in cork production , and Conservas Ramirez , the oldest canned fish producer in continuous operation ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Sweden", "title": "", "text": "The economy of Sweden is a developed export-oriented economy aided by timber , hydropower , and iron ore . These constitute the resource base of an economy oriented toward foreign trade . The main industries include motor vehicles , telecommunications , pharmaceuticals , industrial machines , precision equipment , chemical goods , home goods and appliances , forestry , iron , and steel . Traditionally a modern agricultural economy that employed over half the domestic workforce , today Sweden further develops engineering , mine , steel , and pulp industries that are competitive internationally , as evidenced by companies like Ericsson , ASEA/ABB , SKF , Alfa Laval , AGA , and Dyno Nobel . Sweden is a competitive mixed economy featuring a generous universal welfare state financed through relatively high income taxes that ensures that income is distributed across the entire society , a model sometimes called the Nordic model . Approximately 90 % of all resources and companies are privately owned , with a minority of 5 % owned by the state and another 5 % operating as either consumer or producer cooperatives . Because Sweden as a neutral country did not actively participate in World War II , it did not have to rebuild its economic base , banking system , and country as a whole , as did many other European countries . Sweden has achieved a high standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits . Sweden has the second highest total tax revenue behind Denmark , as a share of the country 's income . , total tax revenue was 44.2 % of GDP , down from 48.3 % in 2006 . The National Institute of Economic research predicts GDP growth of 1.8 % , 3.1 % and 3.4 % in 2014 , 2015 and 2016 respectively . A comparison of upcoming economic growth rates of EU countries revealed that the Baltic states , Poland , and Slovakia are the only countries that are expected to keep comparable or higher growth rates ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Curaçao", "title": "", "text": "Curaçao has one of the highest standards of living in the Caribbean , ranking 46th in the world in terms of GDP ( PPP ) per capita and 28th in the world in terms of nominal GDP per capita . It possesses a high income economy , as defined by the World Bank . The island has a well-developed infrastructure with strong tourism and financial services sectors . Shipping , international trade , oil refining , and other activities related to the port of Willemstad ( like the Free Trade Zone ) also make a significant contribution to the economy . To achieve the government 's aim to make its economy more diverse , efforts are being made to attract more foreign investment . This policy , called the ` Open Arms ' policy , features a heavy focus on information technology companies ." } ]
3083	A temperate seasonal climate influences Berlin.	[ { "docid": "Berlin", "title": "", "text": "Berlin ( -LSB- bəɹˈlɪn -RSB- , -LSB- bɛɐ̯ˈliːn -RSB- ) is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its 16 constituent states . With a population of approximately 3.7 million , Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union . Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of the rivers Spree and Havel , it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has roughly 6 million residents from more than 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 14171701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701 -- 1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871 -- 1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919 -- 1933 ) and the Third Reich ( 1933 -- 1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world . After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries , the city was divided ; East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany , while West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave , surrounded by the Berlin Wall ( 1961 -- 1989 ) and East German territory . Following German reunification in 1990 , Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany . Berlin is a world city of culture , politics , media and science . Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector , encompassing a diverse range of creative industries , research facilities , media corporations and convention venues . Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network . The metropolis is a popular tourist destination . Significant industries also include IT , pharmaceuticals , biomedical engineering , clean tech , biotechnology , construction and electronics . Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities , orchestras , museums , entertainment venues and is host to many sporting events . Its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions . The city is well known for its festivals , diverse architecture , nightlife , contemporary arts and a high quality of living . Since the 2000s Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Geography_of_Berlin", "title": "", "text": "Berlin is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany . With a population of 3.4 million people , Berlin is the second most populous city proper , the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union , and the largest German city . Located in northeastern Germany on the River Spree , it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has about 6 million residents from over 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers and lakes.Berlin is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Moncton", "title": "", "text": "The climate of Moncton is mostly maritime , typical of most cities located in the Maritime Provinces of Canada , but the climate demonstrates strong seasonal continental influences . Despite being less than 50 km ( 31 mi ) from the Bay of Fundy and less than 30 km ( 19 mi ) from the Northumberland Strait , the climate can seem more continental than maritime during the summer and winter seasons , whereas maritime influences tend to temper the transitional seasons of spring and autumn ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Buenos_Aires", "title": "", "text": "Buenos Aires , the capital of Argentina , has a temperate climate , which is classified as a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) under the Köppen climate classification with four distinct seasons . Summers are hot and humid with frequent thunderstorms while winters are cool and drier with frosts that occurs on average twice per year . Spring and fall are transition seasons characterized by changeable weather . At the central observatory , the highest recorded temperature is 43.3 C while the lowest recorded temperature is -5.4 C. Different climatic factors influence the climate of Buenos Aires . The semi -- permanent South Atlantic High influences its climate throughout the year by bringing in moist winds from the northeast , which bring most of the precipitation to the city in the form of frontal systems during winter or storms produced by cyclogenesis in autumn and winter . The hot temperatures and high insolation in the summer months form a low pressure system called the Chaco Low over northern Argentina , generating a pressure gradient that brings moist easterly winds to the city -- because of this , summer is the rainiest season . In contrast , this low pressure system weakens in the winter , which combined with strong southerly winds results in a drier season due to weaker easterly winds . Being located in the Pampas , Buenos Aires has variable weather due to the passage of contrasting air mass -- the cold , dry Pampero from the south and warm , humid tropical air from the north . The coastal location results in a strong maritime influence , causing extreme temperatures ( hot or cold ) to be rare ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Seoul", "title": "", "text": "The climate of Seoul features a humid continental/subtropical climate with dry winter , called `` Dwa '' / `` Cwa '' , see ( Köppen climate classification ) . Seoul is classed as having a temperate climate with four distinct seasons , but temperature differences between the hottest part of summer and the depths of winter are extreme . In summer the influence of the North Pacific high-pressure system brings hot , humid weather with temperatures soaring as high as 35 ° C ( 95 ° F ) on occasion . In winter the city is topographically influenced by expanding Siberian High-pressure zones and prevailing west winds , temperatures dropping as low as -20 ° C ( -4 ° F ) . The bitterly cold days tend to come in three-day cycles regulated by rising and falling pressure systems , during winter snowfall can cause frosty weather in the city . The most pleasant seasons , for most people in the city are spring and autumn , when azure blue skies and comfortable temperatures are regular . Most of Seoul 's precipitation falls in the summer monsoon period between June and September , as a part of East Asian monsoon season ." }, { "docid": "Climatic_regions_of_Argentina", "title": "", "text": "Due to its vast size and range of altitudes , Argentina possesses a wide variety of climatic regions , ranging from the hot subtropical region in the north to the cold subantarctic in the far south . Lying between those is the Pampas region , featuring a mild and humid climate . Many regions have different , often contrasting , microclimates . In general , Argentina has four main climate types : warm , moderate , arid , and cold in which the relief features , and the latitudinal extent of the country , determine the different varieties within the main climate types . Northern parts of the country are characterized by hot , humid summers with mild , drier winters , and highly seasonal precipitation . Mesopotamia , located in northeast Argentina , has a subtropical climate with no dry season and is characterized by high temperatures and abundant rainfall because of exposure to moist easterly winds from the Atlantic Ocean throughout the year . The Chaco region in the center-north , despite being relatively homogeneous in terms of precipitation and temperature , is the warmest region in Argentina , and one of the few natural areas in the world located between tropical and temperate latitudes that is not a desert . Precipitation decreases from east to west in the Chaco region because eastern areas are more influenced by moist air from the Atlantic Ocean than the west , resulting in the vegetation transitioning from forests and marshes to shrubs . Northwest Argentina is predominantly dry , hot , and subtropical although its rugged topography results in a diverse climate . Central Argentina , which includes the Pampas to the east , and the Cuyo region to the west , has a temperate climate with hot summers and cool , drier winters . In the Cuyo region , the Andes obstruct the path of rain-bearing clouds from the Pacific Ocean ; moreover , its latitude coincides with the subtropical high . Both factors render the region dry . With a wide range of altitudes , the Cuyo region is climatically diverse , with icy conditions persisting at altitudes higher than 4,000 m . The Pampas is mostly flat and receives more precipitation , averaging 500 mm in the western parts to 1200 mm in the eastern parts . The weather in the Pampas is variable due to the contrasting air masses and frontal storms that impact the region . These can generate thunderstorms with intense hailstorms and precipitation , and are known to have the most frequent lightning , and highest convective cloud tops , in the world . Patagonia , in the south , is mostly arid or semi -- arid except in the extreme west where abundant precipitation supports dense forest coverage , glaciers , and permanent snowfields . Its climate is classified as temperate to cool temperate with the surrounding oceans moderating temperatures on the coast . Away from the coast , areas on the plateaus have large daily and annual temperature ranges . The influence of the Andes , in conjunction with general circulation patterns , generates one of the strongest precipitation gradients ( rate of change in mean annual precipitation in relation to a particular location ) in the world , decreasing rapidly to the east . In much of Patagonia precipitation is concentrated in winter with snowfall occurring occasionally , particularly in the mountainous west and south ; precipitation is more evenly distributed in the east and south . One defining characteristic is the strong winds from the west which blow year-round , lowering the perception of temperature ( wind chill ) , while being a factor in keeping the region arid by favouring evaporation ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Madrid", "title": "", "text": "Madrid and its metropolitan area has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification : Csa ) with continental influences , with cool winters and hot summers . According to Troll-Paffen climate classification , Madrid has warm-temperate subtropical climate ( Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima ) and according to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification , Madrid has subtropical climate ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Valencia", "title": "", "text": "Valencia and its metropolitan area have a Mediterranean influenced steppe climate ( Köppen climate classification : BSk ) with very mild winters and long warm to hot summers . According to Troll-Paffen climate classification , Valencia has a warm-temperate subtropical climate ( Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima ) and according to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification , Valencia has subtropical climate ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Nova_Scotia", "title": "", "text": "Nova Scotia lies in the mid-temperate zone and , although the province is almost surrounded by water , the climate is closer to continental rather than maritime . The temperature extremes of the continental climate are moderated by the ocean . Nova Scotia has frequent coastal fog and marked changeability of weather from day to day . The main factors influencing Nova Scotia 's climate are : The effects of the westerly winds The interaction between three main air masses which converge on the east coast Nova Scotia 's location on the routes of the major eastward-moving storms The modifying influence of the sea . Described on the provincial vehicle-licence plate as Canada 's Ocean Playground , the sea is a major influence on Nova Scotia 's climate . Nova Scotia 's cold winters and warm summers are modified and generally moderated by ocean influences . The province is surrounded by four major bodies of water , the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the north , the Bay of Fundy to the west , the Gulf of Maine to the southwest , and Atlantic Ocean to the southeast ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Turkey", "title": "", "text": "The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea have a hot-summer Mediterranean climate , with hot , dry summers and mild to cool , wet winters . The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Black Sea have a temperate Oceanic climate with warm , wet summers and cool to cold , wet winters . The Turkish Black Sea coast receives the greatest amount of precipitation and is the only region of Turkey that receives high precipitation throughout the year . The eastern part of that coast averages 2,500 millimeters annually which is the highest precipitation in the country . The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Sea of Marmara ( including Istanbul ) , which connects the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea , have a transitional climate between a temperate Mediterranean climate and a temperate Oceanic climate with warm to hot , moderately dry summers and cool to cold , wet winters . Snow does occur on the coastal areas of the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea almost every winter , but it usually lies no more than a few days . Snow on the other hand is rare in the coastal areas of the Aegean Sea and very rare in the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea . Conditions can be much harsher in the more arid interior . Mountains close to the coast prevent maritime influences from extending inland , giving the central Anatolian plateau of the interior of Turkey a continental climate with sharply contrasting seasons . Winters on the plateau are especially severe . Temperatures of − 30 ° C to − 40 ° C ( − 22 ° F to − 40 ° F ) do occur in eastern Anatolia , and snow may lie on the ground at least 120 days of the year and in the mountains almost the entire year . In the west , winter temperatures average below 1 ° C ( 34 ° F ) . Summers are hot and dry , with temperatures generally around or above 30 ° C ( 86 ° F ) in the day . Annual precipitation averages about 400 millimetres ( 15 in ) , with actual amounts determined by elevation . The driest regions are the Konya plain and the Malatya plain , where annual rainfall frequently is less than 300 millimetres ( 12 in ) . May is generally the wettest month , whereas July and August are the driest . Below are the climates from the seven census regions of Turkey , showing how varied they can be in different places around the country :" }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Estonia", "title": "", "text": "Estonia lies in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate . Because Estonia ( and all of Northern Europe ) is continuously warmed by maritime air influenced by the heat content of the northern Atlantic Ocean , it has a milder climate despite its northern latitude . The Baltic Sea causes differences between the climate of coastal and inland areas . Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length . Average temperatures range from 16.3 ° C on the Baltic islands to 18.1 ° C inland in July , the warmest month , and from -3.5 ° C on the Baltic islands to -7.6 ° C inland in February , the coldest month . The average annual temperature in Estonia is 5.2 ° C . The average temperature in February , the coldest month of the year , is -5.7 ° C . The average temperature in July , which is considered the warmest month of the year , is 16.4 ° C . The climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean , the North-Atlantic Stream and the Icelandic Minimum , which is an area known for the formation of cyclones and where the average air pressure is lower than in neighbouring areas . Estonia is located in a humid zone in which the amount of precipitation is greater than total evaporation . The average precipitation in 1961 -- 1990 ranged from 535 to per year and was heaviest in late summer . There were between 102 and 127 rainy days a year , and average precipitation was most plentiful on the western slopes of the Sakala and Haanja Uplands . Snow cover , which is deepest in the south-eastern part of Estonia , usually lasts from mid-December to late March ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Venezuela", "title": "", "text": "The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator , but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction , several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes , and even polar regions . Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan climate , but the altitude changes it dramatically , particularly the temperature , reaching values very different according to the presence of different thermal floors ." }, { "docid": "Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands", "title": "", "text": "Temperate grasslands , savannahs , and shrublands are terrestrial biomes whose predominant vegetation consists of grass and/or shrubs . The climate is temperate and ranges from semi-arid to semi-humid . Temperature : warm to hot season ( often with a cold to freezing season in winter ) Soil : fertile with rich nutrients and minerals Plants : grass ; trees or shrubs in savanna and shrubland Animals : large , grazing mammals ; birds ; reptiles Steppes/shortgrass prairies are short grasslands that occur in semi-arid climates . Tallgrass prairies are tall grasslands in areas of higher rainfall . Heaths and pastures are , respectively , low shrublands and grasslands where forest growth is hindered by human activity but not climate . Tall grasslands , including the tallgrass prairie of North America and the Humid Pampas of Argentina , have moderate rainfall and rich soils which make them ideally suited to extensive agriculture , and tall grassland ecoregions include some of the most productive grain-growing regions in the world . Savannas are areas with both grass and trees , but the trees do not form a canopy as they would in a forest ." }, { "docid": "Australian_snake_habitats", "title": "", "text": "Australia 's landmass is 7,617,930 square kilometres . Due to the country 's large landmass , many climates are experienced including equatorial , tropical , subtropical , desert , monsoonal , temperate , and alpine . These differing climates influence snake distribution and abundance , and provide many different and unique habitats for them ." }, { "docid": "Võru_County", "title": "", "text": "Võrumaa , or Võru maakond ( Võru County , , Võro maakund ) officially , is a county in Southern Estonia . It is bordered by Valga County and Põlva County and is the only Estonain county bordering two different countries - Latvia ( in the South ) and Russian Federation ( in the East ) . The territory of Võrumaa covers 2,305 km ² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . In January 2013 Võru County had a population of 32,806 -- constituting 2.5 % of the total population in Estonia . The county is subdivided into 12 rural municipalities and 1 urban municipality - Võru town ." }, { "docid": "Phenology", "title": "", "text": "Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate , as well as habitat factors ( such as elevation ) . The word , coined by the Belgian botanist Charles Morren around 1849 , is derived from the Greek φαίνω ( phainō ) , `` to show , to bring to light , make to appear '' + λόγος ( logos ) , amongst others `` study , discourse , reasoning '' and indicates that phenology has been principally concerned with the dates of first occurrence of biological events in their annual cycle . Examples include the date of emergence of leaves and flowers , the first flight of butterflies and the first appearance of migratory birds , the date of leaf colouring and fall in deciduous trees , the dates of egg-laying of birds and amphibia , or the timing of the developmental cycles of temperate-zone honey bee colonies . In the scientific literature on ecology , the term is used more generally to indicate the time frame for any seasonal biological phenomena , including the dates of last appearance ( e.g. , the seasonal phenology of a species may be from April through September ) . Because many such phenomena are very sensitive to small variations in climate , especially to temperature , phenological records can be a useful proxy for temperature in historical climatology , especially in the study of climate change and global warming . For example , viticultural records of grape harvests in Europe have been used to reconstruct a record of summer growing season temperatures going back more than 500 years . In addition to providing a longer historical baseline than instrumental measurements , phenological observations provide high temporal resolution of ongoing changes related to global warming ." }, { "docid": "Tropical_horticulture", "title": "", "text": "thumb \| 185px \| Latex being collected from an incised rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ) , and a bucket of collected latex Tropical horticulture is a branch of horticulture that studies and cultivates plants in the tropics , i.e. , the equatorial regions of the world . The field is sometimes known by the portmanteau `` TropHort '' . Tropical horticulture includes plants such as perennial woody plants ( arboriculture ) , ornamentals ( floriculture ) , vegetables ( olericulture ) , and fruits ( pomology ) including grapes ( viticulture ) . The origin of many of these crops is not in the tropics but in temperate zones . Their adoption to tropical climatic conditions is an objective of breeding . Many important crops , however , are indigenous to the tropics . The latter embrace perennial crops such as oil palm , vegetables including okra , field crops such as rice and sugarcane , and particularly fruits including pineapple , banana , papaya , and mango . Since the tropics represent 36 percent of the earth 's surface and 20 percent of its land surface , the potential of tropical horticulture is huge . In contrast to temperate regions , environmental conditions in the tropics are defined less by seasonal temperature fluctuations and more by seasonality of precipitation . Thus the climate in the greater part of the tropics is characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons , although such variation is reduced in locations closer to the equator ( ± 5 ° latitude ) . Temperature conditions in the tropics are affected by elevation , in which contrasting warmer and colder climate areas in the tropics can be differentiated , and highland areas in the tropics can consequently be more favourable for production of temperate plant species than are lowland areas ." }, { "docid": "Velvet_season", "title": "", "text": "Velvet season is a Russian term for one of the most favorable periods for rest and spending time for human in conditions of the subtropics , particularly in the mediterranean climate conditions . During the velvet season weather is not so hot , such as in July , but still quite warm , including at night . In northern latitudes dominated by a temperate climate , an analogue of `` velvet season '' is Indian summer ." }, { "docid": "Outline_of_Estonia", "title": "", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Estonia : Estonia -- state of 1.29 million people in the Baltic region of Northern Europe . It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland , to the west by the Baltic Sea , to the south by Latvia ( 343 km ) , and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia ( 338.6 km ) . Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north . The territory of Estonia covers 45227 km2 , and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . The Estonians are a Finnic people , and the official language , Estonian , is a Finno-Ugric language closely related to Finnish and distantly to Hungarian ." }, { "docid": "Taiheiyo_evergreen_forests", "title": "", "text": "The Taiheiyo evergreen forests is a temperate broadleaf forest ecoregion of Japan . The ecoregion covers an area of 138,300 km2 on the Pacific ( Taiheiyo ) side of the islands of Honshū , Shikoku , and Kyūshū . The influence of the Japan Current creates a humid climate with mild winters and a long growing season , which nurtured evergreen broadleaf forests . Laurel forests grew near the coast , and Oak forests were predominant inland . At higher elevations , the Taiheiyo evergreen forests yielded to the Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests of the interior . The forests include a mix of species with origins in temperate and tropical Asia . Species with tropical origins include two species of the conifer Podocarpus , , two species of Pittosporum , several species in the Laurel family ( Machilus , Neolitsea , and Cinnamomum ) , and the Cycad Cycas revoluta . Trees with origins in temperate Eurasia include species of evergreen Oaks and Castanopsis . The ecoregion is home to Japan 's largest cities , including Tokyo , Yokohama , Osaka , and Nagoya , and most of forests have been converted to agriculture or cities . Remnant areas of forest remain around temples and shrines , on steep slopes , and in gorges . Secondary growth woodlands , called Satoyama , are found on hillsides bordering farmlands ." }, { "docid": "Ocean_current", "title": "", "text": "An ocean current is a continuous , directed movement of seawater generated by forces acting upon this mean flow , such as breaking waves , wind , the Coriolis effect , cabbeling , temperature and salinity differences , while tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon . Depth contours , shoreline configurations , and interactions with other currents influence a current 's direction and strength . Therefore ocean currents are primarily horizontal water movements . Ocean currents flow for great distances , and together , create the global conveyor belt which plays a dominant role in determining the climate of many of the Earth 's regions . More specifically , ocean currents influence the temperature of the regions through which they travel . For example , warm currents traveling along more temperate coasts increase the temperature of the area by warming the sea breezes that blow over them . Perhaps the most striking example is the Gulf Stream , which makes northwest Europe much more temperate than any other region at the same latitude . Another example is Lima , Peru where the climate is cooler ( sub-tropical ) than the tropical latitudes in which the area is located , due to the effect of the Humboldt Current ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Himachal_Pradesh", "title": "", "text": "There is a huge variation in the climatic conditions of Himachal Pradesh due to variation in altitude ( 450 -- 6500 metres ) . The climate varies from hot and sub-humid tropical ( 450 -- 900 metres ) in the southern low tracts , warm and temperate ( 900 -- 1800 metres ) , cool and temperate ( 1900 -- 2400 metres ) and cold glacial and alpine ( 2400 -- 4800 metres ) in the northern and eastern high elevated mountain ranges . By October , nights and mornings are very cold . Snowfall at elevations of nearly 3000 m is about 3 m and lasts from December start to March end . About 4500 m , is perpetual snow . The spring season starts from mid February to mid April . The weather is pleasant and comfortable in the season . The rainy season start at the end of the month of June . The landscape lushes green and fresh . During the season streams and natural springs are replenished . The heavy rains in July and August cause a lot of damage resulting in erosion , floods and landslides . Out of all the state districts , Dharamsala receives the highest rainfall , nearly about 3400 mm . Spiti is the driest area of the state ( rainfall below 50mm ) . The reason is that it is enclosed by high mountains on all sides ." }, { "docid": "Temperate_forest", "title": "", "text": "Temperate forests correspond to forest concentration formed in the northern and southern hemisphere , or in temperate regions . It is the same as a tropical forest except for the climate and some of the animals adaptations . Main characteristics include : wide leaves , large and tall trees , large wild canopy and non seasonal vegetation . Temperate forests can be further distinguished by weather patterns and geographical features that favor the predominance of certain kinds of trees . In temperate coniferous forests , evergreen conifers predominate , while in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests , a more even distribution exists between evergreen trees and deciduous trees . Temperate deciduous forests , a subgroup of temperate broadleaf forests , consist of trees that lose their leaves every year . Finally , temperate rainforests typically have heavy rainfall and dense humidity . But in some temperate forests there are just trees with needles and do not shed their leaves during the winter , so the climate is a little different and not as cold . They are also known as montane forests . In the temperate region , winters are mild and rainfall is moderate.The forests have trees , shrubs and bushes.There is less undergrowth . Most of the trees are deciduous , which shed their leaves during the autumn . In some areas , the deciduous trees are replaced by coniferous trees . The main trees found in these forests are the great redwood , oak , ash , maple , birch , beech , poplar , elm and pine . In many areas , forests have been cleared to make way for cultivation . Hardwood evergreen trees which are widely spaced and are found in the Mediterranean region are olive , cork , oak , and stone pine . Temperate rain forests tend to get a high of 350 cm of precipitation yearly , and a low of 200 cm yearly on average . Tannins of tropical woods tend to be of a catechin nature rather than of the gallic type present in temperate woods ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom", "title": "", "text": "The United Kingdom straddles the higher mid-latitudes between 49 ° and 61 ° N . It is on the western seaboard of Afro-Eurasia , the world 's largest land mass . These conditions allow convergence between moist maritime air and dry continental air . In this area , the large temperature variation creates atmospheric instability , and this is a major factor that influences the often unsettled weather the country experiences : where many types of weather can be experienced in a single day . In general the climate of the UK is cool and often cloudy , and hot temperatures are infrequent . The climate in the United Kingdom is defined as a temperate oceanic climate , or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system , a classification it shares with most of north-west Europe . Regional climates are influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and latitude . Northern Ireland , Wales and western parts of England and Scotland , being closest to the Atlantic Ocean , are generally the mildest , wettest and windiest regions of the UK , and temperature ranges here are seldom extreme . Eastern areas are drier , cooler , less windy and also experience the greatest daily and seasonal temperature variations . Northern areas are generally cooler , wetter and have slightly larger temperature ranges than southern areas . Though the UK is mostly under the influence of the maritime tropical air mass from the south-west , different regions are more susceptible than others when different air masses affect the country : Northern Ireland and the west of Scotland are the most exposed to the maritime polar air mass which brings cool moist air ; the east of Scotland and north-east England are more exposed to the continental polar air mass which brings cold dry air ; the south and south-east of England are more exposed to the continental tropical air mass which brings warm dry air ( and consequently most of the time the warmest summer temperatures ) ; and Wales and south-west England are the most exposed to the maritime tropical air mass which brings warm moist air . If the air masses are strong enough in their respective areas during the summer , there can sometimes be a large difference in temperature between the far north of Scotland ( including the Islands ) and south-east of England -- often a difference of 10 -- 15 ° C ( 18-27 ° F ) but sometimes of as much as 20 ° C ( 36 ° F ) or more . In the height of summer the Northern Isles could have temperatures around 15 ° C ( 59 ° F ) and areas around London could reach 30 ° C ( 86 ° F ) ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_New_Zealand", "title": "", "text": "The climate of New Zealand is varied due to the country 's diverse landscape . Most regions of New Zealand belong to the temperate zone with a maritime climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfb ) characterised by four distinct seasons . The main factors are similar to those found in the British Isles owing to the Pacific Ocean and latitude , although the mountain ranges can cause significant climate variations in locations barely tens of kilometres from each other . Conditions vary from extremely wet on the West Coast of the South Island to almost semi-arid in Central Otago and subtropical in Northland ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Launceston,_Tasmania", "title": "", "text": "Launceston , Tasmania has a cool , temperate climate , with four distinct seasons . The city is located in the Tamar Valley in Northern Tasmania and is surrounded by many large hills and mountains . With this type of topography , Launceston 's weather patterns can change considerably in a short period ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Mount_Kenya", "title": "", "text": "The climate of Mount Kenya has played a critical role in the development of the mountain , influencing the topography and ecology amongst other factors . It has a typical equatorial mountain climate which Hedberg described as winter every night and summer every day . The year is divided into two distinct wet seasons and two distinct dry seasons which mirror the wet and dry seasons in the Kenyan lowlands . As Mount Kenya ranges in height from 1374 m to 5199 m the climate varies considerably over the mountain and has different zones of influence . The lower , south eastern slopes are the wettest as the predominant weather system comes from the Indian ocean . This leads to very dense montane forest on these slopes . High on the mountain most of the precipitation falls as snow , but the most important water source is frost . Combined , these feed 11 glaciers ." }, { "docid": "Swedish_fashion", "title": "", "text": "Sweden is located in the very northern part of Europe between Norway and Finland , with edges touching the North Sea and the Baltic Sea . Northern Sweden has a cold climate with year-round snow , while the more southern parts have a more temperate climate . The country has an abundance of forests and mountains . It holds the largest population , as well as the largest area within the Scandinavian countries . Due to this , it has a strong influence over the rest of Norden . Sweden , in turn , serves as the fashion capital of Scandinavia . Sweden 's capital , Stockholm , is the host of the country 's biannual fashion week . As is the attitude surrounding most consumer products throughout Northern Europe , Swedish fashion embraces usefulness . Clothing is made to be practical and purposeful . This is largely due to the country 's long history of harsh climatic conditions and its strong Lutheran background . Simplicity is also a common theme among the lines of Swedish fashion designers , meaning clothes tend to be more neutral toned with less intricate details . Clothes are not necessarily designed for the individual to stand out . There is a strong cultural influence that plays a role in this ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Uruguay", "title": "", "text": "The climate of Uruguay is humid subtropical ( Cfa according to the Köppen climate classification ) . It is fairly uniform nationwide , since the country is located entirely within the temperate zone . Seasonal variations are pronounced , but extremes in temperature are rare . As would be expected by its abundance of water , high humidity and fog are common . The absence of mountains and other weather barriers makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country . Weather is sometimes humid ." }, { "docid": "Climate_of_Bilbao", "title": "", "text": "Bilbao and its metropolitan area has an oceanic climate according to the Köppen climate classification ( Cfb ) with mild winters and warm summers . According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification , Bilbao has a temperate climate and according to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification , Bilbao has a subtropical climate . According to the European Environment Agency , Bilbao lies within the Atlantic biogeographical region . The climate of Bilbao and the rest of the north-western part of Spain ( the so-called Green Spain ) is different from the rest of the country , characterized by a higher amount of rainfall and precipitation days , fewer sunshine hours and mild temperatures , in summer comparable to northern half of Europe with temperate climate ." }, { "docid": "Humid_subtropical_climate", "title": "", "text": "A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterised by hot and humid summers where tropical air masses dominate , and mild winters . These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents , generally between latitudes 25 ° and 40 ° and are adjacent to tropical climates to the south . While many subtropical climates tend to be located at coastal or near coastal locations . in some cases they extend inland , most notably in southern China and the southern United States . Under the Köppen climate classification , Cfa and Cwa climates are described as mild temperate climates . This climate features mean temperatures in the coldest month between 0 ° C and 18 ° C and mean temperatures in the warmest month 22 ° C or higher . The Trewartha system was a 1966 update of the Köppen climate classification , and sought to redefine middle latitude climates into smaller zones ( the original Köppen system grouped all middle latitude climates into a single zone ) . Under the Trewartha climate classification , climates are termed humid subtropical when they have monthly mean air temperatures higher than 10 ° C ( 50 ° F ) for eight or more months a year and at least one month with mean temperature below 18 ° C ( 64.4 ° F ) . Normally , humid subtropical climates occupy the southernmost portions of the temperate zone from 23.5 to 35.0 north and south latitude . Rainfall often shows a summer peak , especially where monsoons are well developed , as in Southeast Asia and Florida ( USA ) . Other areas have a more uniform or varying rainfall cycles . Most summer rainfall occurs during thunderstorms that build up due to the intense surface heating and strong subtropical sun angle . Weak tropical lows that move in from adjacent warm tropical oceans , as well as infrequent tropical storms often contribute to high sun ( summer ) seasonal rainfall peaks . Winter rainfall is often associated with large storms in the westerlies that have fronts that reach down into subtropical latitudes . However , many subtropical climates such as southeast Asia or Florida have very dry winters , with frequent brush fires and water shortages ." } ]
7849	Twitter had about 1.6 billion search queries per day in 2012.	[ { "docid": "Twitter", "title": "", "text": "Twitter ( -LSB- ˈtwɪtər -RSB- ) is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages , `` tweets '' , restricted to 140 characters . Registered users can post tweets , but those who are unregistered can only read them . Users access Twitter through its website interface , SMS or a mobile device app . Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco , California , United States , and has more than 25 offices around the world . Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey , Noah Glass , Biz Stone , and Evan Williams and launched in July . The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity . In 2012 , more than 100 million users posted 340 million tweets a day , and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day . In 2013 , it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has been described as `` the SMS of the Internet '' . As of 2016 , Twitter had more than 319 million monthly active users . On the day of the 2016 U.S. presidential election , Twitter proved to be the largest source of breaking news , with 40 million election-related tweets sent by 10 p.m. ( Eastern Time ) that day ." } ]	[ { "docid": "July_2012_Beijing_flood", "title": "", "text": "In a twenty-hour period on July 21 , 2012 , a flash flood hit the city of Beijing in the People 's Republic of China . Within a day of the flooding , 56,933 people had been evacuated , while the floodwaters killed 79 people , causing at least 10 billion Yuan ( US $ 1.6 billion ) in damages and destroying at least 8,200 homes . In the city , more than 1.6 million people were affected by the flood overall . Fangshan District was the most heavily affected area of Beijing , located in the southwest , which received a record-setting 460 mm of rain , while on average the city received 170 mm during the same period , the highest recorded since 1951 . The Juma River flooded its banks and reached a flow rate of 2500 m3 per second . A woman in Fangshan reported the river rose 1.3 metres on her home in approximately ten minutes . At Beijing Capital International Airport , the floods resulted in the cancellation of over 500 flights , stranding 80,000 travellers ." }, { "docid": "Miner.hu", "title": "", "text": "Miner.hu is a vertical search engine for searching blogs , videos and other Hungarian content on the internet . As of May 2008 , Miner.hu indexes about 167,000 blogs , and knows about 8,100,000 blog entries and about 1,300,000 videos which makes it the largest Hungarian blogsearch and video search engine . Miner.hu was founded by András Bártházi of Wish Internet Consulting . As of May 2008 , Miner.hu has a blog search engine ( with 7 specialized search engine and aggregator about gastro , web development , online marketing , movie/series , fashion , librarian , medical and photo blogs ) , a video search engine , a Twitter search engine ( reduced to Hungarian posts ) . Miner.hu also has a `` Trends '' page , which shows the actual topics in the Hungarian blogosphere . The service has an API , too , developers can create mashups based on different kind of search queries ." }, { "docid": "Selection-based_search", "title": "", "text": "A selection-based search system is a search engine system in which the user invokes a search query using only the mouse . A selection-based search system allows the user to search the internet for more information about any keyword or phrase contained within a document or webpage in any software application on his desktop computer using the mouse . Traditional browser-based search systems require the user to launch a web browser , navigate to a search page , type or paste a query into a search box , review a list of results , and click a hyperlink to view these results . Three characteristic features of a selection-based search system are that the user can invoke search using only his mouse from within the context of any application on his desktop ( for example Microsoft Office , Adobe Reader , Mozilla Firefox , etc. ) , receive categorized suggestions which are based on the context of the user-selected text ( or in some cases the wisdom of crowds ) , and view the results in floating information boxes which can be sized , shared , docked , closed and stacked on top of the document that has the user 's primary focus . In its simplest form , selection-based search enables users to launch a search query by selecting text on any application on his desktop . It is commonly believed that selection-based search lowers the user barrier to search and permits an incremental number of searches per user per day . Selection-based search systems also operate on the premise that users value information in context . They may save the user from having to juggle multiple applications , multiple web browsers or use multiple search engines separately . The term selection-based search is frequently used to classify a set of search engine systems , including a desktop client and a series of cloud computing services , but is also used to describe the paradigm of categorizing a keyword and searching multiple data sources using only the mouse . The National Information Standards Organization ( NISO ) uses the terms selection-based search and mouse-based search interchangeably to describe this web search paradigm ." }, { "docid": "Gigablast", "title": "", "text": "GigaBlast claimed to have indexed over 12 billion web pages , and received billions queries per month , in 2015 . The search engine source code is written in the programming languages C and C++ . It was released as open-source software under the Apache License version 2 , in July 2013 . Gigablast has provided , and provides , search results to other companies , such as Ixquick , Clusty , Zuula , Snap , and Blingo . In 2003 , The New York Times columnist Lee Dembart stated that `` Gigablast has its adherents '' , but opined that Google is `` head and shoulders '' above it , and adds that Google 's search results are more complete ." }, { "docid": "Knowledge_Graph", "title": "", "text": "The Knowledge Graph is a knowledge base used by Google to enhance its search engine 's search results with semantic-search information gathered from a wide variety of sources . Knowledge Graph display was added to Google 's search engine in 2012 , starting in the United States , having been announced on May 16 , 2012 . It provides structured and detailed information about the topic in addition to a list of links to other sites . The goal is that users would be able to use this information to resolve their query without having to navigate to other sites and assemble the information themselves . The short summary provided in the knowledge graph is often used as a spoken answer in Google Now searches . According to some news websites , the implementation of Google 's Knowledge Graph has played a role in the page view decline of various language versions of Wikipedia . As of the end of 2016 , knowledge graph holds over 70 billion facts ." }, { "docid": "Green_Monday", "title": "", "text": "Green Monday is an online retail industry term similar to Cyber Monday . The term was coined by eBay to describe its best sales day in December , usually the second Monday of December . Green Monday is defined more specifically by business research organization comScore as the last Monday with at least 10 days prior to Christmas . In 2009 , $ 854 million was spent online in the US on Green Monday , with sales in 2011 reaching $ 1.133 billion . In 2012 , Green Monday topped out at $ 1.27 billion , up 13 % from 2011 and the third heaviest online sales day for the season behind Cyber Monday and Dec. 4 , 2012 ( which had no marketing tie-in ) , according to comScore . In 2014 , Green Monday online sales grossed a record $ 1.6 billion , albeit still lower than Cyber Monday 's $ 2.68 billion during the same year ." }, { "docid": "Range_reporting", "title": "", "text": "In computational geometry and database theory , a range reporting query asks for a list of the points that match the query . The query is often specified by a geometric shape , containing all the points that should match , and is called a range . Range reporting is a special case of range searching , in which queries may return other kinds of aggregate information about points in a range . Range reporting queries are often handled by building a data structure from a collection of points that can answer queries efficiently . Because the worst case output size for a range reporting query , measured as a function of the data set size , can be itself , much of the research on range reporting data structures has investigated output-sensitive algorithms , where the query time is analyzed in terms of both and the number of reported points ( often denoted ) . For example , for one-dimensional ( numeric ) data with query ranges that are intervals , range reporting queries can be handled by storing the data in a sorted array . With this structure , one can use binary search to find the point closest to the start of a query interval , and then scan the array from that point forwards to list all of the points in the interval . Storing this data structure uses ( linear ) space , and it handles queries in time per query ." }, { "docid": "Pay-per-click", "title": "", "text": "Pay-per-click ( PPC ) , also known as cost per click ( CPC ) , is an internet advertising model used to direct traffic to websites , in which an advertiser pays a publisher ( typically a website owner or a network of websites ) when the ad is clicked . Pay-per-click is commonly associated with first-tier search engines ( such as Google AdWords and Microsoft Bing Ads ) . With search engines , advertisers typically bid on keyword phrases relevant to their target market . In contrast , content sites commonly charge a fixed price per click rather than use a bidding system . PPC `` display '' advertisements , also known as `` banner '' ads , are shown on web sites with related content that have agreed to show ads and are typically not pay-per-click advertising . Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter have also adopted pay-per-click as one of their advertising models . However , websites can offer PPC ads . Websites that utilize PPC ads will display an advertisement when a keyword query matches an advertiser 's keyword list , or when a content site displays relevant content . Such advertisements are called sponsored links or sponsored ads , and appear adjacent to , above , or beneath organic results on search engine results pages , or anywhere a web developer chooses on a content site . The PPC advertising model is open to abuse through click fraud , although Google and others have implemented automated systems to guard against abusive clicks by competitors or corrupt web developers ." }, { "docid": "Twitter_Amplify", "title": "", "text": "Twitter Amplify is a video advertising product that Twitter launched for media companies and consumer brands in May 2013 . The product gives broadcasters the opportunity to publish real-time in-tweet video clips that are accompanied by pre-roll or post-roll advertisements . It is Twitter 's major initiative in social television , designed to enhance the user experience with premium and timely TV highlights , enable broadcasters to reach new audiences and provide brands with a cross-platform tool for reaching the social conversation around major events . When it was launched , Twitter also announced it would work with a number of media companies , including Time Inc. , Bloomberg Television , Discovery Channel , Vevo , Vice Media , Condé Nast Entertainment and Warner Music Group . By February 2014 , all four major U.S. TV networks had signed up to the Amplify program , bringing a variety of TV content onto the social platform , in the form of real-time video clips . In March 2014 , ITV became the first major broadcaster in the UK to sign up to Twitter Amplify and BSkyB followed suit in October 2014 , having been sharing video on the platform since 2013 . At this time , Twitter Amplify was live in 10 countries and had more than 70 partners including the BBC . Twitter Amplify allows the social network to profit further from the growth in digital video advertising , which is growing many times faster than TV , search , and most other digital ad markets . Online video ad revenue will reach nearly $ 5 billion in 2016 , up from $ 2.8 billion in 2013 , while TV ad revenue will decline by nearly 3 % per year during the same time period . Analysis by Credit Suisse puts the average cost per thousand impressions ( CPM ) for a digital video advertisement at $ 24.60 rising up to $ 32.80 for those with interactive ad units or mobile formats - versus $ 2.66 for display formats . Twitter and its media partners are believed to be making significant revenue from its Twitter Amplify program . According to an industry source , McDonald 's , Verizon and Microsoft paid seven figures each to sponsor the NFL 's Amplify videos and to promote the tweets . By bringing more premium content on its platform , it also hopes to drive growth of its user base . Twitter acquired its Twitter Amplify partner in the U.S. , SnappyTV , as part of its ongoing efforts to be the leader in social television . The company was helping broadcasters and rights holders to share video content both organically across social and via Twitter 's Amplify program . Twitter continues to work with London-based Grabyo , which has also struck numerous deals with broadcasters and rights holders to share video content across Facebook and Twitter . These include the NHL , Sky Sports , the Brit Awards , Wimbledon , FIFA World Cup , Channel 5 , ATP World Tour , Ryder Cup , FIA Formula E Championship and UFC ." }, { "docid": "Bing_(search_engine)", "title": "", "text": "Bing is a web search engine owned and operated by Microsoft . The service has its origins in Microsoft 's previous search engines : MSN Search , Windows Live Search and later Live Search . Bing provides a variety of search services , including web , video , image and map search products . It is developed using ASP.NET . Bing , Microsoft 's replacement for Live Search , was unveiled by Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer on May 28 , 2009 , at the All Things Digital conference in San Diego , California , for release on June 1 , 2009 . Notable new features at the time included the listing of search suggestions while queries are entered and a list of related searches ( called `` Explore pane '' ) based on semantic technology from Powerset , which Microsoft had acquired in 2008 . In July 2009 , Microsoft and Yahoo! announced a deal in which Bing would power Yahoo! Search . All Yahoo! Search global customers and partners made the transition by early 2012 . The deal was altered in 2015 , meaning Yahoo! was only required to use Bing for a `` majority '' of searches . In October 2011 , Microsoft stated that they were working on new back-end search infrastructure with the goal of delivering faster and slightly more relevant search results for users . Known as `` Tiger '' , the new index-serving technology had been incorporated into Bing globally since August that year . In May 2012 , Microsoft announced another redesign of its search engine that includes `` Sidebar '' , a social feature that searches users ' social networks for information relevant to the search query . , Bing is the second largest search engine in the US , with a query volume of 20.9 % , behind Google on 63.9 % . Yahoo! Search , which Bing largely powers , has 12.5 % ." }, { "docid": "Queries_per_second", "title": "", "text": "Queries per second ( QPS ) is a common measure of the amount of search traffic an information retrieval system , such as a search engine or a database , receives during one second . The term is used more broadly for any request -- response system , more correctly called requests per second ( RPS ) . High-traffic systems must watch their QPS in order to know when to scale the system to handle more load ." }, { "docid": "Infoveillance", "title": "", "text": "Infoveillance is the type of syndromic surveillance that utilizes the online contents . The term was coined by Gunther Eysenbach in 2004 for the first time along with Infodemiology The work of Gunther Eysenbach , which utilized the Google Search queries , had led to the birth of Google Flu . Other than Google search engines have also been used . Later other researchers utilized other social media such as Twitter to find the disease outbreak patterns . The infoveillance detects disease outbreaks quicker than traditional public health surveillance systems with the minimal cost involved , revealing the promising results for the future surveillance methodologies ." }, { "docid": "Social_search", "title": "", "text": "Social Search is a behavior of retrieving and searching on a social searching engine that mainly searches user-generated content such as news , videos and images related search queries on social media like Facebook , LinkedIn , Twitter , Instagram and Flickr . It is an enhanced version of web search that combines traditional algorithms . The idea behind social search is that instead of ranking search results purely based on semantic relevance between a query and the results , a social search system also takes into account social relationships between the results and the searcher . The social relationships could be in various forms . For example , in LinkedIn people search engine , the social relationships include social connections between searcher and each result , whether or not they are in the same industries , work for the same companies , belong the same social groups , and go the same schools , etc. . Social search may not be demonstrably better than algorithm-driven search . In the algorithmic ranking model that search engines used in the past , relevance of a site is determined after analyzing the text and content on the page and link structure of the document . In contrast , search results with social search highlight content that was created or touched by other users who are in the Social Graph of the person conducting a search . It is a personalized search technology with online community filtering to produce highly personalized results . Social search takes many forms , ranging from simple shared bookmarks or tagging of content with descriptive labels to more sophisticated approaches that combine human intelligence with computer algorithms . Depending on the feature-set of a particular search engine , these results may then be saved and added to community search results , further improving the relevance of results for future searches of that keyword . The principle behind social search is that human network oriented results would be more meaningful and relevant for the user , instead of computer algorithms deciding the results for specific queries , ." }, { "docid": "Walhello", "title": "", "text": "Walhello was a spider based search engine developed in the Netherlands . The Walhello spider is called `` appie '' . The Walhello search engine was created in 2000 . Walhello 's claims to have indexed over 2 billion pages , significantly less than larger search engines such as Google or Yahoo . An advanced search option proximity search functionality was provided , allowing users to define the proximity in which all search items must be found on a website . Walhello also allowed users to specify the language in which search results must be found . The search engine ran on a cluster of Linux servers , and is programmed in C. Walhello also provided an advertising service . The search engine had a small second index which contained only paid listings , and are shown beside search results if they match the search query ." }, { "docid": "Yooz", "title": "", "text": "Yooz.ir is an Iranian search engine . Iran 's Ministry of Communication and IT has said the search engine is capable of supporting up to one billion Persian websites , and it has currently indexed over 1 billion web pages . Yooz is Persian for cheetah . Yooz search engine has 100,000 hits and more than 60,000 searchers per day ." }, { "docid": "SkELL", "title": "", "text": "SkELL is an abbreviation of Sketch Engine for Language Learning . It is a web interface for English language learning . The main purpose is to help students and teachers of English language . SkELL has its own corpus that was gathered so that contained texts covering everyday , standard , formal , and professional English language . In the corpus , there are a total of more than 60 million sentences and more than one billion words . The SkELL interface provides features such as simple search showing words in context , but the maximum of displayed lines ( concordances , in fact ) is 40 . However , the frequency of searched query is located below the search box and expressed with the number hits per million . The second function is word sketch which enables showing collocates for a given word or words . The last one is named as similar words . It visualises similar words to searched word in a word cloud . Since 2015 , the tool has been available also for Russian language ." }, { "docid": "Topsy_Labs", "title": "", "text": "Topsy Labs was a social search and analytics company based in San Francisco , California . The company was a certified Twitter partner and maintained a comprehensive index of tweets , numbering in hundreds of billions , dating back to Twitter 's inception in 2006 . Topsy made products to search , analyze and draw insights from conversations and trends on the public social websites including Twitter and Google + . The company was acquired by Apple Inc. in December 2013 , and shut down December 16 , 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Search_engine_results_page", "title": "", "text": "A search engine results page ( SERP ) is the page displayed by a search engine in response to a query by a searcher . The main component of the SERP is the listing of results that are returned by the search engine in response to a keyword query , although the page may also contain other results such as advertisements . The results are of two general types , organic ( i.e. , retrieved by the search engine 's algorithm ) and sponsored ( i.e. , advertisements ) . The results are normally ranked by relevance to the query . Each result displayed on the SERP normally includes a title , a link that points to the actual page on the Web and a short description showing where the keywords have matched content within the page for organic results . For sponsored results , the advertiser chooses what to display . Due to the huge number of items that are available or related to the query there usually are several SERPs in response to a single search query as the search engine or the user 's preferences restrict viewing to a subset of results per page . Each succeeding page will tend to have lower ranking or lower relevancy results . Just like the world of traditional print media and its advertising , this enables competitive pricing for page real estate , but compounded by the dynamics of consumer expectations and intent -- unlike static print media where the content and the advertising on every page is the same all of the time for all viewers , despite such hard copy being localized to some degree , usually geographic , like state , metro-area , city , or neighborhoods ." }, { "docid": "Future_Orientation_Index", "title": "", "text": "The Future Orientation Index was introduced by Tobias Preis , Helen Susannah Moat , H. Eugene Stanley and Steven Bishop using Google Trends to demonstrate that Google users from countries with a higher per capita GDP are more likely to search for information about the future than information about the past . The findings suggest there may be a link between online behaviour and real-world economic indicators . The authors of the study examined Google query logs made by Google users in 45 different countries in 2010 and calculated the ratio of the volume of searches for the coming year ( ` 2011 ' ) to the volume of searches for the previous year ( ` 2009 ' ) ." }, { "docid": "Tinder_(app)", "title": "", "text": "Tinder is a location-based social search mobile app that facilitates communication between mutually interested users , allowing matched users to chat . The app is most commonly used as a dating app , but has branched out to provide more services , making it more of a general social media application . Matching is based on Facebook and Spotify profiles . Originally incubated inside Hatch Labs , the app was launched in 2012 , and by 2014 it was registering about one billion `` swipes '' per day . Tinder is among the first `` swiping apps '' , where the user uses a swiping motion to choose between the photos of other users : swiping right for potentially good matches and swiping left on a photo to move to the next one ." }, { "docid": "Science.gov", "title": "", "text": "Science.gov is a web portal and specialized search engine . Using federated search technology , Science.gov serves as a gateway to United States government scientific and technical information and research . Currently in its fifth generation , Science.gov provides a search of over 38 databases from 14 federal science agencies and 200 million pages of science information with just one query , and is a gateway to 1,900 + scientific websites . In 2007 , a report to Congress noted that in fiscal year 2007 `` Science.gov experienced 6.5 million search queries across all its scientific databases and 2.6 million page views of its website . '' By 2012 , the site had reached 34 million page views annually . In April 2007 , Library Journal included Science.gov in its list of best references of 2006 . Science.gov is also the United States contribution to the international portal WorldWideScience ." }, { "docid": "Personalized_search", "title": "", "text": "Personalized search refers to web search experiences that are tailored specifically to an individual 's interests by incorporating information about the individual beyond specific query provided . Pitkow et al. describe two general approaches to personalizing search results , one involving modifying the user 's query and the other re-ranking search results ." }, { "docid": "Google_Hummingbird", "title": "", "text": "Google Hummingbird is a search algorithm used by Google . Google started using Hummingbird about August 30 , 2013 , and announced the change on September 26 on the eve of the company 's 15th anniversary . Gianluca Fiorelli said Hummingbird is about synonyms but also about context . Google always had synonyms , he writes , but with Hummingbird it is also able to judge context -- thereby judging the intent of a person carrying out a search , to determine what they are trying to find out . This concept is called semantic search . Danny Sullivan said of Hummingbird , `` Google said that Hummingbird is paying more attention to each word in a query , ensuring that the whole query -- the whole sentence or conversation or meaning -- is taken into account . '' Michelle Hill said Hummingbird is about `` understanding intent '' . Steve Masters wrote , `` The Hummingbird approach should be inspirational to anyone managing and planning content -- if you are n't already thinking like Hummingbird , you should be . In a nutshell , think about why people are looking for something rather than what they are looking for . A content strategy should be designed to answer their needs , not just provide them with facts . ''" }, { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_Afghanistan", "title": "", "text": "Afghanistan is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia . It has a population of approximately 32 million , making it the 42nd most populous country in the world . It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east ; Iran in the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan in the north ; and China in the far northeast . Its territory covers 652,000 km2 , making it the 41st largest country in the world . Afghanistan is an impoverished least developed country , one of the world 's poorest because of decades of war and lack of foreign investment . , the nation 's GDP stands at about $ 60.58 billion with an exchange rate of $ 20.31 billion , and the GDP per capita is $ 1,900 . The country 's exports totaled $ 2.7 billion in 2012 . Its unemployment rate was reported in 2008 at about 35 % . According to a 2009 report , about 42 % of the population lives on less than $ 1 a day . The nation has less than $ 1.5 billion in external debt . The Afghan economy has been growing at about 10 % per year in the last decade , which is due to the infusion of over $ 50 billion in international aid and remittances from Afghan expats . It is also due to improvements made to the transportation system and agricultural production , which is the backbone of the nation 's economy ." }, { "docid": "Google_Custom_Search", "title": "", "text": "Google Custom Search ( formerly known as Google Co-op ) is a platform provided by Google that allows web developers to feature specialized information in web searches , refine and categorize queries and create customized search engines , based on Google Search . The service allows users to narrow the 11.5 billion indexed webpages down to a topical group of pages relevant to the creator 's needs . Google launched the service on October 23 , 2006" }, { "docid": "Semantic_search", "title": "", "text": "Semantic search seeks to improve search accuracy by understanding the searcher 's intent and the contextual meaning of terms as they appear in the searchable dataspace , whether on the Web or within a closed system , to generate more relevant results . Semantic search systems consider various points including context of search , location , intent , variation of words , synonyms , generalized and specialized queries , concept matching and natural language queries to provide relevant search results . Major web search engines like Google and Bing incorporate some elements of semantic search . In vertical search , LinkedIn publishes their semantic search approach to job search by recognizing and standardizing entities in both queries and documents , e.g. , companies , titles and skills , then constructing various entity-awared features based on the entities . Guha et al. distinguish two major forms of search : navigational and research . In navigational search , the user is using the search engine as a navigation tool to navigate to a particular intended document . Semantic search is not applicable to navigational searches . In research search , the user provides the search engine with a phrase which is intended to denote an object about which the user is trying to gather/research information . There is no particular document which the user knows about and is trying to get to . Rather , the user is trying to locate a number of documents which together will provide the desired information . Semantic search lends itself well with this approach that is closely related with exploratory search . Rather than using ranking algorithms such as Google 's PageRank to predict relevancy , semantic search uses semantics , or the science of meaning in language , to produce highly relevant search results . In most cases , the goal is to deliver the information queried by a user rather than have a user sort through a list of loosely related keyword results . However , Google itself has subsequently also announced its own Semantic Search project . Author Seth Grimes lists `` 11 approaches that join semantics to search '' , and Hildebrand et al. provide an overview that lists semantic search systems and identifies other uses of semantics in the search process . Other authors primarily regard semantic search as a set of techniques for retrieving knowledge from richly structured data sources like ontologies and XML as found on the Semantic Web . Such technologies enable the formal articulation of domain knowledge at a high level of expressiveness and could enable the user to specify their intent in more detail at query time ." }, { "docid": "Tobias_Preis", "title": "", "text": "Tobias Preis is a German complex systems scientist . He is Associate Professor of Behavioral Science and Finance at Warwick Business School and a Faculty Fellow of the Alan Turing Institute . He is a computational social scientist focussing on analysis and prediction of social and financial complexity captured in big data . Preis is also a Visiting Lecturer at University College London . In 2011 , he worked as a Senior Research Fellow with H. Eugene Stanley at Boston University and with Dirk Helbing at ETH Zurich . In 2009 , he was named a member of the Gutenberg Academy . In 2007 , he founded Artemis Capital Asset Management GmbH , a proprietary trading firm which is based in Germany . He was awarded a Ph.D. in physics from the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz in Germany . Preis has quantified and modelled financial market fluctuations . In addition , he has made contributions to general-purpose computing on graphics processing units ( GPGPU ) in statistical physics and computational finance . In 2010 , Preis headed a research team which provided evidence that search engine query data and stock market fluctuations are correlated . The team discovered a link between the number of Internet searches for company names and transaction volumes of the corresponding stocks on a weekly time scale . In a TEDx talk , Preis highlights the opportunities offered by studies of citizens ' online behaviour to gain insights into socio and economic decision making . In 2012 , Preis used Google Trends data to demonstrate together with his colleagues Helen Susannah Moat , H. Eugene Stanley and Steven R. Bishop that Internet users from countries with a higher per capita gross domestic product ( GDP ) are more likely to search for information about the future than information about the past . The findings , published in the journal Scientific Reports , suggest there may be a link between online behaviour and real-world economic indicators . Preis and colleagues examined Google search queries made by Internet users in 45 different countries in 2010 and calculated the ratio of the volume of searches for the coming year ( 2011 ) to the volume of searches for the previous year ( 2009 ) , which they call the Future Orientation Index . A comparison of the Future Orientation Index to the per capita GDP of each country revealed a strong tendency for countries in which Google users enquire more about the future to exhibit a higher GDP . Preis and colleagues conclude from this study that a relationship potentially exists between the economic success of a country and the information-seeking behaviour of its citizens online . In 2013 , Preis and his colleagues Helen Susannah Moat and H. Eugene Stanley introduced a method to identify online precursors for stock market moves , using trading strategies based on search volume data provided by Google Trends . Their analysis of Google search volume for 98 terms of varying financial relevance , published in Scientific Reports , suggests that increases in search volume for financially relevant search terms tend to precede large losses in financial markets . Similarly , in a study also published in Scientific Reports in 2013 , Helen Susannah Moat , Preis and colleagues demonstrated a link between changes in the number of views of Wikipedia articles relating to financial topics and subsequent large stock market moves . In 2015 , Preis and his colleague Helen Susannah Moat designed and delivered a massive open online course ( MOOC ) on big data . The course focuses on measuring and predicting human behavior . Preis is an academic editor of PLoS ONE ." }, { "docid": "Search_suggest_drop-down_list", "title": "", "text": "A search suggest drop-down list is a query feature used in computing to show the searcher shortcuts , while the query is typed into a text box . Before the query is complete , adrop-down list with the suggested completions appears to provide options to select . The suggested queries then enable the searcher to complete the required search quickly . As a form of autocompletion , the suggestion list is distinct from search history in that it attempts to be predictive even when the user is searching for the first time . Data may come from popular searches , sponsors , geographic location or other sources . These lists are used by operating systems , web browsers and various websites , particularly search engines . Search suggestions are common with a 2014 survey finding that over 80 % of e-commerce websites included them . The computing science of syntax and algorithms are used to form search results from a database . Content management systems and frequent searches can assist software engineers in optimizing more refined queries with methods of parameters and subroutines . Suggestions can be results for the current query or related queries by words , time and dates , categories and tags . The suggestion list may be reordered by other options , as enumerative , hierarchical or faceted . Although not the first deployment of search suggestions , Google Suggest is one of the most prominent . Four years before it was considered stable , the feature was developed in 2004 by Google engineer Kevin Gibbs and the name was chosen by Marissa Mayer . Google , and other large search companies , maintain a blacklist that prevents the display of queries that could be interpreted as violating their social responsibility . Despite this , the company regularly receives complaints that several popular suggestions , or suggestions whose positions have been inflated by bots , should be added to this list . The Electronic Frontier Foundation 's Jillian York has criticized Apple 's blacklist for including words that are merely provocative . One example of a project using suggested queries to expose societal attitudes was a 2013 ad series called The Autocomplete Truth by UN Women . The campaign showed several gender stereotypes being displayed as popular searches by Google Suggest . Another was a story by Bad Astronomy that revealed a distrustful perspective on scientists in the suggestion box . Additionally , cases related to libel laws have posited that suggestions may inspire people to associate specific names with specific alleged crimes when they would not have otherwise . Some users have criticized the fact that suggestion-enabled text boxes , unlike the web forms of static HTML , send data about each keystroke to a central server . Such data has the potential to identify specific people . This has caused at least one Mozilla Firefox developer to opine that `` users mostly dislike search suggestions '' . Apart from the privacy debate , some users have expressed negative reception over the usefulness of search autocompletion . Specifically , the sudden appearance of a suggestion box in some programs has been compared to the behaviour of a pop-up ad ." }, { "docid": "Query_expansion", "title": "", "text": "Query expansion ( QE ) is the process of reformulating a seed query to improve retrieval performance in information retrieval operations , particularly in the context of query understanding . In the context of search engines , query expansion involves evaluating a user 's input ( what words were typed into the search query area , and sometimes other types of data ) and expanding the search query to match additional documents . Query expansion involves techniques such as : Finding synonyms of words , and searching for the synonyms as well Finding all the various morphological forms of words by stemming each word in the search query Fixing spelling errors and automatically searching for the corrected form or suggesting it in the results Re-weighting the terms in the original query Query expansion is a methodology studied in the field of computer science , particularly within the realm of natural language processing and information retrieval ." }, { "docid": "Negative_keyword", "title": "", "text": "In pay per click advertising ( PPC ) , negative keywords prevent your advertisements from displaying for particular keyword phrases . The process of adding in negative keywords to a paid search account is an important part of the optimization process , as it allows you to eliminate search queries which are unlikely to convert into a sale . For example , an individual may want to advertise for `` hotel in Toronto , '' but does not want to display ads for the keyword `` hotel jobs in Toronto . '' In this instance , the term `` jobs '' would be added as a negative keyword . Negative keywords are often necessary for paid search campaigns that contain keywords on either broad match or phrase match . These match types will display your ad for additional search queries ( i.e. search queries other than the actual keyword that was added to the account ) . Thus , removing irrelevant terms often becomes necessary . A common use is to add general negative keywords such as `` pictures '' or the aforementioned `` jobs '' to a negative keyword list that is applied to multiple campaigns . An additional use for negative keywords is to funnel traffic to the highest converting and optimized campaign or ad group for a particular search query . For example , let 's say that you advertise for both laptop and desktop computers and that you have ad copy that is specific to each . You may notice that some searchers who are searching for laptops are being shown desktop ads and vice versa . Negative keywords can be used to make sure that each searcher is shown the most relevant ad copy that is most likely to convert into a sale . In terms of syntax , to add a negative keyword to a campaign or ad group , simply include a minus sign prefix ( e.g. - jobs ) . Negative keywords can be added in multiple ways , to allow for more precision , whereby - job will exclude ads most broadly , - `` jobs '' will exclude all phrases containing the word & - -LSB- jobs -RSB- will only exclude ads when a query matches exactly . There are commercial tools that can help identify negative keywords easily ." } ]
56940	Ramadan is the ninth calendar month in Islam.	[ { "docid": "Ramadan", "title": "", "text": "Ramadan ( -LSB- ˌræməˈdɑːn -RSB- رمضان , -LSB- ramaˈdˤaːn -RSB- ; In Arabic phonology , it can be -LSB- -LSB- rɑmɑˈdˤɑːn , ramadˤɑːn , ræmæˈdˤɑːn -RSB- -RSB- , depending on the region . also romanized as Ramazan , Ramadhan , or Ramathan ) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar , and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting ( Sawm ) to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief . This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam . The month lasts 29 -- 30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon , according to numerous biographical accounts compiled in the hadiths . The word Ramadan comes from the Arabic root ramiḍa or ar-ramaḍ , which means scorching heat or dryness . Fasting is fardh ( obligatory ) for adult Muslims , except those who are suffering from an illness , travelling , are elderly , pregnant , breastfeeding , diabetic , chronically ill or going through menstrual bleeding . Fasting the month of Ramadan was made obligatory ( wājib ) during the month of Sha ` ban , in the second year after the Muslims migrated from Mecca to Medina . Fatwas have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a natural phenomenon such as the midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca , but the more commonly accepted opinion is that Muslims in those areas should follow the timetable of the closest country to them in which night can be distinguished from day . While fasting from dawn until sunset , Muslims refrain from consuming food , drinking liquids , smoking , and engaging in sexual relations . Muslims are also instructed to refrain from sinful behavior that may negate the reward of fasting , such as false speech ( insulting , backbiting , cursing , lying , etc. ) and fighting except in self-defense . Food and drinks are served daily , before dawn and after sunset , referred to as Suhoor and Iftar respectively . Spiritual rewards ( thawab ) for fasting are also believed to be multiplied within the month of Ramadan . Fasting for Muslims during Ramadan typically includes the increased offering of salat ( prayers ) , recitation of the Quran and an increase of doing good deeds and charity ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Ramadan_(calendar_month)", "title": "", "text": "Ramadan ( Arabic : رمضان ) or Ramadhan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar , and the month in which the Quran was revealed . Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam . The month is spent by Muslims fasting during the daylight hours from dawn to sunset . According to Islam , the Quran was sent down to the lowest heaven during this month , thus being prepared for gradual revelation by Jibreel ( Gabriel ) to the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Therefore , Muhammad told his followers that the gates of Heaven would be open for the entire month and the gates of Hell ( Jahannam ) would be closed . The first day of the next month , Shawwal , is spent in celebration and is observed as the `` Festival of Breaking Fast '' or Eid al-Fitr ." }, { "docid": "Eid_prayers", "title": "", "text": "Eid prayers , also known as Salat al-Eid and Salat al-Eidain , is the special prayer offered to commemorate two Islamic festivals . Both the Eids are collectively known as Eidain in the Arabic language . The two Islamic festivals are : Eid al-Fitr , which is celebrated on the 1st day of Shawwal , the 10th month of the Islamic calendar ( the first day after Ramadan ) . Eid al-Adha , which is celebrated on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah , the 12th month of the Islamic calendar ." }, { "docid": "Muslim_holidays", "title": "", "text": "There are two official holidays in Islam : Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha . Eid Al-Fitr is celebrated at the end of Ramadan ( a month of fasting during daylight hours ) , and Muslims usually give zakat ( charity ) on the occasion . Eid Al-Adha is celebrated on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah and lasts for three days , during which Muslims usually sacrifice a sheep and distribute its meat in 3 parts : among family , friends , and the poor . Both of the holidays occur on dates in the Islamic ( Hijri ) calendar , which is lunar , and thus their dates in the Gregorian calendar , which is solar , change each year . The Gregorian calendar is based on the orbital period of the Earth 's revolution around the Sun , approximately 365 days , while the Islamic calendar is based on the synodic period of the Moon 's revolution around the Earth , approximately 29 days . The Islamic calendar alternates months of 29 and 30 days ( which begin with the new moon ) . Twelve of these months constitute an Islamic year , which is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year ." }, { "docid": "Rajab", "title": "", "text": "Rajab is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar . The lexical definition of Rajaba is `` to respect '' , of which Rajab is a derivative . This month is regarded as one of the four sacred months in Islam in which battles are prohibited . The pre-Islamic Arabs also considered warfare blasphemous during the four months . Muslims believe Rajab is the month in which ` Alī ibn Abī Tālib , the first Imam of Shia Islam and Fourth Caliph of Sunni Islam , was born inside the Kaaba , the most sacred place of worship for Muslims . Rajab and Sha ` ban are a prelude to the month of Ramadan ." }, { "docid": "Sha'ban", "title": "", "text": "Sha ` ban ( -LSB- شعبان , sha ` bān -RSB- ) is the eighth month of the Islamic calendar . This is the month of `` separation '' , so called because the pagan Arabs used to disperse in search of water . The fifteenth night of this month is known as the `` Night of Records '' ( Laylat al-Bara ` at ) . However , observance of this day is disputed . Sha ` ban is the last lunar month before Ramadan , and so Muslims determine in it when the first day of Ramadan fasting will be ." }, { "docid": "Islamic_New_Year", "title": "", "text": "__ NOTOC __ The Hijri New Year , also known as Islamic New Year or Arabic New Year is the day that marks the beginning of a new Islamic calendar year , and is the day on which the year count is incremented . The first day of the year is observed on the first day of Muharram , the first month in the Islamic calendar . The first Islamic year begins in 622 AD with the emigration of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina , known as the Hijra . All religious duties , such as prayer , fasting in the month of Ramadan , and pilgrimage , and the dates of significant events , such as celebration of holy nights and festivals , are calculated according to the lunar calendar . While some Islamic organizations prefer determining the new month ( and hence the new year ) by local sightings of the moon , most Islamic institutions and countries , including Saudi Arabia , follow astronomical calculations to determine future dates of the Islamic calendar . There are various schema for calculating the tabular Islamic calendar ( i.e. not based on observation ) , which results in differences of typically one or even two days between countries using such schema and those that use lunar sightings . For example , the The Umm al-Qura Calendar used in Saudi Arabia was reformed several times in recent years . The current scheme has been introduced in 1423 AH ( 15 March 2002 ) . A day in the Islamic calendar is defined as beginning at sunset . For example , 1 Muharram 1432 was defined to correspond to 7 or 8 December 2010 in official calendars ( depending on the country ) . For an observation-based calendar , a sighting of the new moon at sunset of 6 December would mean that 1 Muharram lasted from the moment of sunset of 6 December to the moment of sunset of 7 December , while in places where the new moon was not sighted on 6 December , 1 Muharram would last from the moment of sunset of 7 December to the moment of sunset of 8 December ." }, { "docid": "Lunar_calendar", "title": "", "text": "A lunar calendar is a calendar based upon cycles of the Moon 's phases ( synodic months ) , in contrast to solar calendars based solely upon the solar year . A purely lunar calendar is also distinguished from lunisolar calendars whose lunar months are brought into alignment with the solar year through some process of intercalation . The details of when months begin varies from calendar to calendar , with some using new , full , or crescent moons and others employing detailed calculations . Because each lunation is a little less than 29 days , 12 hours , 44 minutes , and 3 seconds ( 29.530588 days ) , it is common for the months of lunar calendars to vary between 29 and 30 days . Because the period of twelve such lunations -- a lunar year -- is a little less than 354 days , 8 hours , 48 minutes , and 34 seconds ( 354.367056 days ) , purely lunar calendars lose around 11 days per year relative to the Gregorian calendar . In purely lunar calendars such as the Islamic calendar , the lack of intercalation causes the lunar months to cycle through all the seasons of the Gregorian year over the course of a 33-lunar-year cycle . Although the Gregorian calendar is in common and legal use in most countries , traditional lunar and lunisolar calendars continue to be used throughout the Old World to determine religious festivals and national holidays . Such holidays include Ramadan ( Islamic calendar ) ; the Chinese , Japanese , Korean , Vietnamese , and Mongolian New Year ( Chinese , Japanese , Korean , Vietnamese , and Mongolian calendars ) ; the Nepali New Year ( Nepali calendar ) ; the Mid-Autumn Festival and Chuseok ( Chinese and Korean calendars ) ; Loi Krathong ( Thai calendar ) ; and Diwali ( Hindu calendars ) ." }, { "docid": "Dhu_al-Hijjah", "title": "", "text": "Dhu ` l-Hijjah or alternatively Zulhijja ( ذو الحجة properly transliterated , also called Zil-Hajj ) is the twelfth and final month in the Islamic calendar . It is a very sacred month in the Islamic calendar , one in which the Hajj ( pilgrimage ) takes place as well as the Festival of the Sacrifice . `` Dhu al-Hijjah '' literally means `` Possessor of the Pilgrimage '' or `` The Month of the Pilgrimage '' . During this month Muslim pilgrims from all around the world congregate at Mecca to visit the Kaaba . The Hajj is performed on the eighth , ninth and the tenth of this month . Day of Arafah takes place on the ninth of the month . Eid al-Adha , the `` Festival of the Sacrifice '' , begins on the tenth day and ends on sunset of the 13th ." }, { "docid": "Fasting_during_Ramadan", "title": "", "text": "This is a sub-article to Fasting in Islam and Ramadan During the entire month of Ramadan , Muslims are obligated to fast ( صوم , sawm '' ) , every day from dawn to sunset . Fasting requires the abstinence from food , drink and sexual activity . Fasting the month of Ramadān was made obligatory ( wājib ) during the month of Sh ' abān , in the second year after the Muslims migrated from Makkah to Madīnah . Fasting the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam , as shown by a quote from the Companion Abdullah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab : `` I heard the Messenger of Allah ( Allah bless him and give him peace ) say : ` The religion of Islam is based upon five ( pillars ) : testifying that there is no deity except God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God ; establishing the prayer ; giving zakat ; making pilgrimage ; and fasting ( the month ) of Ramadan . ' '' -LSB- Bukhari ; Muslim -RSB-" }, { "docid": "Muharram", "title": "", "text": "Muḥarram ( -LSB- ) is the first month of the Islamic calendar . It is one of the four sacred months of the year . It is held to be the second holiest month , following Ramadan . The word `` Muharram '' means `` forbidden '' . Since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar , Muharram moves from year to year when compared with the Gregorian calendar . The tenth day of Muharram is the Day of Ashura , which to Shia Muslims is part of the Mourning of Muharram . Sunni Muslims fast during this day , because it is recorded in the hadith that Musa ( Moses ) and his people obtained a victory over the Egyptian Pharaoh on the 10th day of Muharram ; accordingly Muhammad asked Muslims to fast on this day that is Ashura and on a day before that is 9th ( called Tasu'a ) . Shia Muslims during Muharram do different things and with different intentions . Shia Muslims observe and respect Muharram as the month that martyred Hussein ibn Ali , the grandson of Muhammad and son of Ali , in the Battle of Karbala . They mourn for Hussein ibn Ali and refrain from all joyous events . Unlike Sunni Muslims , Shias do not fast on the 10th day of Muharram . In addition there is an important Ziyarat book , the Ziyarat Ashura about Hussein ibn Ali . In the Shia sect it is popular to read this ziyarat on the `` Day of Ashura '' , although most of the Shias try to read Ziyarat Ashura every day and they send salutations to Hussein ibn Ali ." }, { "docid": "Expedition_of_Hamza_ibn_'Abdul-Muttalib", "title": "", "text": "Expedition of Hamza ibn ` Abdul-Muttalib , also known as Sif Al-Baḥr platoon was the first expedition sent out by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad . It was sent in 1 A.H. of the Islamic calendar in the month of Ramadan ( March , 623 CE ) . The raid , which was to intercept a caravan that belonged to Quraish , was undertaken by the Muhajirun ( Muslim exiles in Medina ) alone ( none of the Ansar , Helpers of Madinah , participated in it ) ." }, { "docid": "Ramadan_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Ramadan can refer to : Ramadan , the Muslim religious observance Ramadan ( calendar month ) a minor Kazakh Jüz `` horde '' , numbering ca. 5,000 Ramadan , Iran , a village in Iran" }, { "docid": "Day_of_Arafah", "title": "", "text": "The Day of ` Arafah ( Arabic : يوم عرفة ) is the holiest day in Islam that falls on the 9th day of Dhul Hijja of the lunar Islamic Calendar . This happens to be approximately 70 days after the end of the month of Ramadan . It is the second day of the Hajj pilgrimage and the day after is the first day of the major Islamic Holiday of Eid ul-Adha . At dawn of this day , Muslim pilgrims will make their way from Mina to a nearby hillside and plain called Mount Arafat and the Plain of ` Arafah . It was from this site that Muhammad in gave one of his last famous sermons in the final year of his life . Muslims hold that part of the Qur ` anic verse announcing that the religion of Islam had been perfected was revealed on this day ." }, { "docid": "Capture_the_Spirit_of_Ramadan", "title": "", "text": "The `` Capture the Spirit of Ramadan '' International Photography Award ™ , also known as the IRPC ( International Ramadan Photography Competition ) is an unprecedented ... . annual global photography competition founded in 2011 by StudioBasel . The competition aims at providing a window into the diverse lives and cultural customs of over one billion Muslim worshipers during the holy month of Ramadan . It also serves as an crowd-sourced platform upon which the founders hope to spread awareness on Islamic practices through the art of photography . The competition has published photos of Muslims in over sixty countries experiencing the physical and spiritual motions of the holy month . The purpose of the competition is both to educate and enlighten those living beyond the borders of Muslim countries and who may foster misconceptions of Islam and Muslims by displaying the various positive facets of the Islamic faith such as compassion and humility . In its inaugural year , the competition garnered a response of 25,000 participants and fans in total . The photo submissions numbered over 1000 with participants from 40 countries including Mauritius , Russia , Bosnia , Herzegovina and Libya . The IRPC has also garnered support from organizations such as UNESCO and The British Museum Cash prizes for the winning photos sum up to about USD $ 10,000 with additional accolades such as `` Viewer 's Choice Awards '' and `` Honorable Mentions '' Winners and runners up have their photographs published in internationally acclaimed news and media outlets as well as international photography magazines . Additionally , the Top 100 photographs of each year are displayed on the competition website archive for perpetual reference . In 2013 `` Capture the Spirit of Ramadan '' gathered the world 's largest modern Islamic themed photography collection from over 60 countries , the best of which are published in a print photography book by StudioBasel . In addition to the photography book , `` Capture the Spirit of Ramadan '' publishes an annual magazine on photography , spirituality , inter-faith and cross-cultural dialogue , family , organic living , and halal cuisine . The world-touring `` Capture the Spirit of Ramadan '' International Photography Exhibition will debut in Kuala Lumpur at the Islamic Arts Museum of Malaysia in 2014 with a 3-month residency that will include the month of Ramadan . The touring exhibition will also go to Europe , the Middle East , the United States and Australia . Conclusively , the ultimate aim of the entire IRPC project is to create cultural bridges and counteract the negative images of Islam often seen in today 's media portrayals by using photographic images to open peoples minds to the beauty of faith" }, { "docid": "Ramadan_Offensive_(2003)", "title": "", "text": "The Ramadan Offensive was a series of insurgent attacks against Coalition and Iraqi military targets from the end of October and during much of November 2003 . The attacks are called the Ramadan Offensive because they were conducted during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan . The number of insurgent attacks increased during this period mainly because of the belief among the insurgent forces that fighting a foreign occupation force during Islam 's holy month puts a believer especially close to God ." }, { "docid": "Suhur", "title": "", "text": "Suhūr ( سحور suḥūr , lit . `` of the dawn '' , `` pre-dawn meal '' ; also spelled suhoor , sahur , sehri and in Yoruba sãrì ) , also known as Sahari in Persian , is an Islamic term referring to the meal consumed early in the morning by Muslims before fasting , sawm , before dawn during or outside the Islamic month of Ramadan . The meal is eaten before fajr prayer . Suhur as the morning meal is matched by iftar as the evening meal , during Ramadan , replacing the traditional three meals a day ( breakfast , lunch and dinner ) , although in some places dinner is also consumed after Iftar later during the night . Being the last meal eaten by Muslims before fasting from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan , suhur is regarded by Islamic traditions as a benefit of the blessings in that it allows the person fasting to avoid the crankiness or the weakness caused by the fast . According According to a hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari , Anas ibn Malik narrated , `` The Prophet said , ` take suhur as there is a blessing in it . ' ''" }, { "docid": "Tabular_Islamic_calendar", "title": "", "text": "The Tabular Islamic calendar ( an example is the Fatimid or Misri calendar ) is a rule-based variation of the Islamic calendar . It has the same numbering of years and months , but the months are determined by arithmetical rules rather than by observation or astronomical calculations . It was developed by early Muslim astronomers of the second hijra century ( the 8th century of the Common Era ) to provide a predictable time base for calculating the positions of the moon , sun , and planets . It is now used by historians to convert an Islamic date into a Western calendar when no other information ( like the day of the week ) is available . It is used by some Muslims in everyday life , particularly in the Ismaili and Dawoodi Bohra communities and they believe that this calendar was developed by Ali . It is believed that when Ali drew up this calendar , the previous events of the earlier prophets also fell into line with this calendar . It is their belief that all Fatimid Imams and their Da'is have followed this tradition . Each year has 12 months . The odd numbered months have 30 days and the even numbered months have 29 days , except in a leap year when the 12th and final month has 30 days ." }, { "docid": "Public_holidays_in_Sudan", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of holidays in Sudan . The following public holidays are the same every year : January 1 : Independence Day January 7 : Coptic Christmas June 30 : Revolution Day December 25 : Christmas Day Variable ( Islamic holidays are fixed to the Islamic calendar which follows the phases of the moon , therefore holidays will be 10 to 11 days earlier in the Gregorian calendar every year . Furthermore , Islamic holidays depend on the sighting of the moon . ) Al-Mowlid Al Nabawi ( Birth of the Prophet ) Eid-Ul-Fitr ( End Of Ramadan ) Islamic New Year ( Hijri New Year ) Eid-Al-Adha ( Feast Of Sacrifice ) Coptic Easter" }, { "docid": "Fast-a-Thon", "title": "", "text": "Fast-A-Thon is an event held in the month of Ramadan on university campuses all across North America to create awareness about the issue of hunger , and also about the Islamic way of life and Muslims . Muslim student organizations , typically the Muslim Students ' Association get students of all faith to sign up to fast for a day according to Islamic traditions , and for each person that fasts , arrangements are made for a certain amount to be donated to charity on behalf of the person fasting . They usually are also invited to break their fasts with other Muslims at the end of the fasting period . The University of Tennessee Muslim Student Association held the first Fast-a-Thon in 2001 after the September 11 , 2001 attacks and founded a national event that included students at over 230 colleges and universities in 2006 . The event also is held to help dispel misconceptions about Islam and Muslims . Fast-a-Thon is now an annual event held during Ramadan . Category : Islam in Canada Category : Islam in the United States Category : Ramadan" }, { "docid": "Fasting_in_Islam", "title": "", "text": "Fasting in Islam , known as Sawm or siyam صيام ( known as ruze or rōza روزه in some Muslim countries ) , the Arabic words for fasting , is abstaining from eating and drinking . In the terminology of Islamic law , sawm means to abstain from eating and drinking during daylight hours . The observance of sawm during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam , but is not confined to that month ." }, { "docid": "Eid_al-Fitr", "title": "", "text": "Eid al-Fitr ( عيد الفطر , -LSB- ʕiːd al fitˤr -RSB- , `` festival of breaking of the fast '' ) is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan , the Islamic holy month of fasting ( sawm ) . The religious Eid is the first and only day in the month of Shawwal during which Muslims are not permitted to fast . The holiday celebrates the conclusion of the 29 or 30 days of dawn-to-sunset fasting during the entire month of Ramadan . The day of Eid , therefore , falls on the first day of the month of Shawwal . The date for the start of any lunar Hijri month varies based on the observation of new moon by local religious authorities , so the exact day of celebration varies by locality . Eid al-Fitr has a particular Salat ( Islamic prayer ) consisting of two Rakats ( units ) and generally offered in an open field or large hall . It may be performed only in congregation ( Jama'at ) and has an additional extra six Takbirs ( raising of the hands to the ears while saying `` Allāhu Akbar '' , literally `` God is great '' ) , three of them in the beginning of the first raka'ah and three of them just before Ruku ' in the second raka'ah in the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam . Other Sunni schools usually have twelve Takbirs , seven in the first , and five at the beginning of the second raka'ah . This Eid al-Fitr salat is , depending on which juristic opinion is followed , Fard فرض ( obligatory ) , Mustahabb مستحب ( strongly recommended , just short of obligatory ) or mandoob مندوب ( preferable ) . Muslims believe that they are commanded by God , as mentioned in the Quran , to continue their fast until the last day of Ramadan and pay the Zakat and fitra before offering the Eid prayers ." }, { "docid": "Eid-e-Shuja'", "title": "", "text": "Eid-e-Shuja ' , also known as Eid-e-Zahra , is a ritual festival observed by most Twelver Shi`a Muslims . It marks the end of the two-month mourning period ( azadari ) after the events of the Karbala massacre , which occurred in 680 AD ( 61 AH ) . It is celebrated annually on the ninth day of the month of Rabi ' al-Awwal in the Islamic-Hijri calendar ." }, { "docid": "Date_and_time_notation_in_Bahrain", "title": "", "text": "In Bahrain they use both the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in government transactions . Short dates are written in `` Day/month/year '' from ; when writing in Arabic and English : For Gregorian calendar : ١٦/١٢/٢٠١٣ ميلادي or 16/12/2013 . For Islamic calendar : ١٠/١/١٤٣٤ هجري Long dates start with day , followed by month and ended with year : For Gregorian calendar : ١٦ / ديسمبر / ٢٠١٣ميلادي or 16/Dec/2013 . For Islamic calendar : ١٠ / محرم / ١٤٣٤هجري" }, { "docid": "Culture_of_Oman", "title": "", "text": "The culture of Oman is steeped in the religion of Islam . Oman has developed its own subsect of Islam , known as Ibadhism , however other strands of Islam such as Sunni and Shi'a are also practiced . With this in mind , the Islamic month of fasting , Ramadan , and other Islamic festivities are very important events in the Omani culture ." }, { "docid": "Muhammad_(surah)", "title": "", "text": "Sūrat Muḥammad ( سورة محمد `` Muhammad '' ) is the 47th sura of the Qur ` an with 38 ayat . The title is derived from the direct mentioning of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 47:2 . It also has the name of Al-Qital , which translates to fighting due to the context of the sura . This sura pertains to a specific conflict that arose from people prohibiting the acceptance and spread of Islam . It refers to the Battle of Badr , where an army was being gathered to attack Medina . The Battle of Badr took place during Ramadan , in year 2 of the Islamic calendar ." }, { "docid": "Pre-Islamic_Arabian_calendar", "title": "", "text": "In Pre-Islamic Arabia , a lunisolar calendar was in use with twelve regular months and an occasional intercalary month ." }, { "docid": "Jumada", "title": "", "text": "Jumada may refer to : Jumada al-awwal , the fifth month of the Islamic calendar Jumada al-thani , the sixth month of the Islamic calendar" }, { "docid": "Rabi'_al-awwal", "title": "", "text": "Rabi ' al-awwal is the third month in the Islamic calendar . During this month , the majority of Muslims celebrate Mawlid - the birthday of the Islamic prophet , Muhammad . Although the exact date is unknown , Sunni Muslims believe the date of birth of Muhammad to have been on the twelfth of this month , whereas Shi'a Muslims believe him to have been born on the dawn of the seventeenth day . The name Rabī ` al-awwal means the first -LSB- month -RSB- or beginning of spring , referring to its position in the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar . Hence this is considered to be a very blessed month ." }, { "docid": "Arab_television_drama", "title": "", "text": "Arab television drama or Arab soap opera ( also known as '' مسلسل '' , musalsal , plural musalsalat ) is a television form of melodramatic serialized fiction . The musalsalat are similar in style to Latin American telenovelas . They are often historical epics about Islamic figures or love stories involving class conflict and intrigue . The word musalsal literally means `` chained , continuous '' . During the evenings of the month of Ramadan , after the Iftar meal is eaten to break the day 's fast , families across much of the Arab world watch these special dramas on television . Arab satellite channels broadcast the programs each night , drawing families who have gathered to break their fast . Most musalselat are bundled into about 30 episodes , or about one episode for each night of Ramadan . These television series are an integral part of the Ramadan tradition , the same way the hakawati , the storyteller who recounted tales and myths , was part of Ramadan nights in the past . According to the market research firm Ipsos , during the first two weeks of Ramadan 2011 television figures rose across the Middle East by 30 % , and as many as 100 Arab soap operas and shows broadcast on state and private channels . The Ramadan season has been compared to a month-long Super Bowl for its importance in the Arab world 's television market . During this period , television ratings remain high well into the night , and the cost of a 30-second advertisement during peak Ramadan viewing hours can be more than double the normal rate . According to the Pan Arab Research Center , the amount spent in 2012 for Ramadan television advertising exceeded a forecast of US$ 420 million , out of an estimated $ 1.98 billion for the total Arab television advertising market for the same year . In 2012 , YouTube has announced a new online channel specifically dedicated to showing Ramadan shows ." }, { "docid": "Muhammad:_The_Final_Legacy", "title": "", "text": "Muhammad ( P.B.U.H. ) The Final Legacy and Qamar Bani Hashem is a 2008 historical Arab drama series directed by Mohammad Sheikh Najib , which is currently airing on Islam Channel weekly . It is the first drama series which has depicted the life of Muhammad mostly maintaining the Islamic traditions and depictional restrictions . Primarily its name was Qamar Bani Hashim and was aired on the month of Ramadan of 2008 on the LBC network . The series portrays the full life of Muhammad without depicting him and his caliphs , wives and children according to Islamic tradition . In 2010 , it was aired in Kanal 7 of Turkey titling Muhammed ( SAV ) n hayati dubbed in Turkish and in Ramadan 2011 , it was aired in Geo tv of Pakistan entitling Muhammad ( S.A.W. ) Sayyed-e-Qaunain with Urdu dubbing . It was also released in Malaysia , as DVD with Malay subtitle ." } ]
227606	The self-empowerment of the LGBT community is discussed in Born This Way.	[ { "docid": "Born_This_Way_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Born This Way '' is a song by American singer Lady Gaga , and the lead single from her second studio album of the same name . Written by Gaga and Jeppe Laursen , who produced it along with Fernando Garibay and DJ White Shadow , the track was developed while Gaga was on the road with The Monster Ball Tour . Inspired by 1990s music which empowered women and the gay community , Gaga explained that `` Born This Way '' was her freedom song . She sang part of the chorus at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards in 2010 and announced the song as the lead single from the album , released on February 11 , 2011 . The record is backed by rumbling synth sounds , a humming bass and additional chorus percussion , with sole organ toward the end . The lyrics discuss the self-empowerment of minorities including the LGBT community as well as racial minorities , referring to `` cholas '' and `` orients '' , which drew criticism from Latino and Asian communities . Critics positively reviewed the song , calling it a `` club-ready anthem '' , though it faced criticism for having similarities with Madonna 's 1989 single `` Express Yourself '' . The song reached number one in over 25 countries and was her third single to top the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and the 1,000 th song in that chart 's history ( since 1958 ) to reach number one . `` Born This Way '' has sold 8.2 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Nick Knight directed the accompanying music video , which was inspired by surrealist painters like Salvador Dalí and Francis Bacon . Gaga is depicted as giving birth to a new race during a prologue . After a series of dance sequences , the video concludes with the view of a city populated by this race . Critics noted the video 's references to the work of Madonna , Michael Jackson , Björk , and the late fashion designer Alexander McQueen , as well as to Greek mythology and surrealism . Gaga performed the song at the 53rd Grammy Awards after coming out of an incubating vessel . It was also performed during the last leg of The Monster Ball Tour and on television shows such as Saturday Night Live , Dick Clark 's New Year 's Rockin ' Eve and Good Morning America . The song was treated with different remixes , including a `` Country Road '' version recorded by Gaga herself and another by Indian production duo Salim-Sulaiman . Alice Cooper , Madonna , Katy Perry , Maria Aragon , and the cast of the TV series Glee have covered the song ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Empowerment", "title": "", "text": "The term empowerment refers to measures designed to increase the degree of autonomy and self-determination in people and in communities in order to enable them to represent their interests in a responsible and self-determined way , acting on their own authority . Empowerment as action refers both to the process of self-empowerment and to professional support of people , which enables them to overcome their sense of powerlessness and lack of influence , and to recognize and use their resources . The term empowerment originates from American community psychology and is associated with the social scientist Julian Rappaport ( 1981 ) . In social work , empowerment forms a practical approach of resource-oriented intervention . In the field of citizenship education and democratic education , empowerment is seen as a tool to increase the responsibility of the citizen . Empowerment is a key concept in the discourse on promoting civic engagement . Empowerment as a concept , which is characterized by a move away from a deficit-oriented towards a more strength-oriented perception , can increasingly be found in management concepts , as well as in the areas of continuing education and self-help ." }, { "docid": "Transformative_mediation", "title": "", "text": "Transformative mediation describes a unique approach to conflict intervention that was first articulated by Robert A. Baruch Bush and Joseph P. Folger in 1994 in The Promise of Mediation . It has been the subject of much study , research and development ever since . As summarized by Della Noce , Bush & Folger ( 2002 ) , the transformative approach to mediation practice takes an essentially social / communicative view of human conflict . According to this model , a conflict represents first and foremost a crisis in some human interaction -- an interactional crisis with a somewhat common and predictable character . Specifically , the occurrence of conflict tends to destabilize the parties ' experience of both self and other , so that the parties interact in ways that are both more vulnerable and more self-absorbed than they did before the conflict . Further , these negative dynamics often feed into each other on all sides as the parties interact , in a vicious circle that intensifies each party 's sense of weakness and self-absorption . As a result , the interaction between the parties quickly degenerates and assumes a mutually destructive , alienating , and dehumanizing character . For most people , according to transformative theory , being caught in this kind of destructive interaction is the most significant negative impact of conflict . However , the transformative model posits that , despite conflict 's potentially destructive impacts on interaction , people have the capacity to change the quality of their interactions to reflect relative personal strength or self-confidence ( the empowerment shift ) and relative openness or responsiveness to the other ( the recognition shift ) . Moreover , as these positive dynamics feed into each other , the interaction can regenerate and assume a constructive , connecting , and humanizing character . The model assumes that the transformation of the interaction itself is what matters most to parties in conflict -- even more than settlement on favorable terms . Therefore , the theory defines the mediator 's goal as helping the parties to identify opportunities for empowerment and recognition shifts as they arise in the parties ' conversation , to choose whether and how to act upon these opportunities , and thus to change their interaction from destructive to constructive ( Bush & Pope , 2002 ) . In transformative mediation , success is measured not by settlement per se but by party shifts toward personal strength , interpersonal responsiveness and constructive interaction . As parties talk together and listen to each other , they build new understandings of themselves and their situation , critically examine the possibilities , and make their own decisions . Those decisions can include settlement agreements , but no one is coerced into any decision or agreement . The outcomes are entirely in the parties ' own hands and subject to their own choices . Effective mediator practice is focused on supporting empowerment and recognition shifts , by allowing and encouraging party deliberation and decision-making , and inter-party perspective-taking , in various ways . A competent transformative mediator practices with a microfocus on communication , identifying opportunities for empowerment and recognition as those opportunities appear in the parties ' own conversations , and responding in ways that provide an opening for parties to choose what , if anything , to do with them . The transformative framework is based on and reflects relational ideology , in which human beings are assumed to be fundamentally social -- formed in and through their relations with other human beings , essentially connected to others , and motivated by a desire for both personal autonomy and constructive social interaction ( Bush & Folger , 1994 ; Della Noce , 1999 ) . Components of Transformative Mediation Theory Definition of conflict : Conflict is a crisis in human interaction Empowerment : The ability or movement towards being able to deliberate and/or make a decision in the conflict interaction . Recognition : The ability to hear the other party and/or start to hear their perspective in the conflict interaction . Ten Hallmarks 1 . `` The opening statement says it all . '' ( This hallmark describes the importance of the mediator 's role to orient the parties towards empowerment and recognition . ) 2 . `` It 's ultimately the parties choice . '' ( This statement shows the power of the parties to determine what happens in a mediation . ) 3 . `` The parties know best . '' ( The parties have all the knowledge of what has come before and have a better idea of what should happen . ) 4 . `` The parties have what it takes . '' ( The parties have the capacity to make decisions and to take perspectives . They are better able to determine what should happen than the mediator . ) 5 . `` There are facts in the feelings . '' ( Feelings may be a part of what the parties want to discuss . They should not be discouraged from being a part of the parties interaction . ) 6 . `` Clarity emerges from confusion . '' ( As people have a conversation about their conflict , they will gain clarity as they become empowered and they allow recognition to surface . ) 7 . `` The action is in the room . '' ( The important part of the conversation is who is there in the moment . Mediators should remain focused on the here and now . ) 8 . `` Discussing the past has value to the present . '' ( Mediators should be responsive to parties discussion of the past . It has relevance to the discussion . ) 9 . `` Conflict can be a long-time affair . '' ( Mediators should look at a conflict as more than the resolution of a moment . It can be one point in a long sequence of events . ) 10 . `` Small steps count . '' ( Empowerment and recognition can take place even in very small steps . Each step should be recognized . ) Principles of Transformative Mediators A transformative mediator should be able to : 1 . Be comfortable with conflict , including strong emotion and negative communication patterns . 2 . Respect the choices of the parties , including their choice to participate in the mediation . This should be done even if the mediator does not personally agree with the choice the parties are making . 3 . Be comfortable with a limited understanding of the parties ' conflict . 4 . Respect the parties , even if their actions , appearance , language , and attitudes seem completely different from those of the mediator . 5 . Be patient with the parties and the process of their interaction . 6 . Focus on the moment by moment events in the parties ' interaction . 7 . Attend to empowerment and recognition opportunities . 8 . Choose interventions ( and non-interventions ) based upon opportunities for party empowerment and/or recognition . 9 . Relinquish problem solving and control of the process ." }, { "docid": "Dykes_on_Bikes", "title": "", "text": "Dykes on Bikes ( DOB ) is a chartered lesbian motorcycle club with 22 chapters and numerous affiliations . They are known for their participation in gay pride events such as Pride parades , and significant LGBT events like the international Gay Games . They most likely were originally put at the front of the parade for logistical reasons and have remained there as a symbol of LGBT pride , defiance , liberation and empowerment . The contingents are fiercely independent and self-reliant in the DIY and feminist traditions and have been studied as a social phenomenon as a `` complex , multilayered form of consumption-related cultural resistance that raises awareness of social injustice and discursively informs social meanings in everyday life outside the festivals . '' Along with drag queens , the DOB have been criticized for not portraying a more acceptable image of LGBT culture but supporters counter that they are seen as highly visible icons of gay pride who refuse to assimilate and conform to mainstream society gender roles and indeed remind of the butches and queens who helped lead the Stonewall riots launching the modern gay-rights movement . The Dykes on Bikes have been criticized for using the term dyke in their name rather than lesbian but the group has registered the mark in the United States , after a battle to demonstrate that the terms diesel-dyke , bull-dyke , bull-dagger and dyke all have historically negative connotations but have been re-appropriated as self-referential terms of endearment and empowerment distinct from lesbian and indeed awards and events utilizing those names are now used by the LGBT community . In keeping with the tradition of motorcyclists ' rejection of the norms of middle-class , middle-America , the Dykes on Bikes teach , by example , that women can be masculine and challenge the dominant sexual and cultural expectations of what a woman is and what she can do and achieve ." }, { "docid": "Beautiful_(Christina_Aguilera_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Beautiful '' is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera for her fourth studio album , Stripped ( 2002 ) . It was released as the album 's second single on November 16 , 2002 . A pop and R&B ballad , `` Beautiful '' was written and produced by Linda Perry . Lyrically , it discusses inner beauty , as well as self-esteem and insecurity issues . Aguilera commented that she put `` her heart and her soul '' into the track , which she felt represented the theme of Stripped . The song was later re-recorded in an electronic style for her first greatest hits album Keeps Gettin ' Better : A Decade of Hits ( 2008 ) . Upon its release , `` Beautiful '' received universal acclaim from music critics , who have ranked it among Aguilera 's strongest material . It won a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and was also nominated for Song of the Year at the 2004 ceremony . `` Beautiful '' was also a commercial success , topping the charts in Australia , Belgium , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , where it was certified Gold for 500,000 units shipped . It was kept from the number one spot by `` Bump , Bump , Bump '' by B2K featuring P. Diddy . `` Beautiful '' has been widely embraced as an anthem by the LGBT community for its message of self-empowerment and inner beauty . An accompanying music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund , and earned Aguilera a GLAAD Media Award for its positive portrayal of gay and transgender people . In 2011 , UK LGBT rights organization Stonewall named `` Beautiful '' the most empowering song of the previous decade for gay , lesbian , and bisexual people . In 2009 , Rolling Stone and VH1 listed it as one of the best songs of the 2000s ( decade ) . The song is widely recognized as one of Aguilera 's signature songs and has been covered on numerous occasions and featured on several television shows ." }, { "docid": "Community_empowerment_network", "title": "", "text": "In the United Kingdom , community empowerment networks ( CENs ) are networks of a collection of local community , voluntary and third sector organisations and groups , set up by the central government as part of an initiative to foster community involvement in regeneration at a local level . They get together periodically to discuss issues of concern to them in relation to regeneration plans . CENs exist locally across the UK . A CEN forms an important but small part of a Local Strategic Partnership . Statement from the Improvement and Development Agency 's Website idea statement : Category : Community development Category : Community empowerment" }, { "docid": "Intersex_and_LGBT", "title": "", "text": "Intersex people are born with sex characteristics , such as genitals , gonads and chromosome patterns that , according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights , `` do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies '' . LGBT , or GLBT , is an initialism that stands for lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender . The initialism has become mainstream as a self-designation ; it has been adopted by the majority of sexuality and gender identity-based community centers and media in the United States , as well as many other countries . The relationship of intersex to lesbian , gay , bisexual and trans , and queer communities is complex , and many intersex people are not themselves LGBT , but intersex people are often added to LGBT to create an LGBTI community ." }, { "docid": "Gender_empowerment", "title": "", "text": "Gender empowerment is the empowerment of people of any gender . While conventionally being reduced to its aspect of empowerment of women , the concept stresses the distinction between biological sex and gender as a role , also referring to other marginalized genders in a particular political or social context . Gender empowerment has become a significant topic of discussion in regard to development and economics . Entire nations , businesses , communities , and groups can benefit from the implementation of programs and policies that adopt the notion of women empowerment . Empowerment is one of the main procedural concerns when addressing human rights and development . The Human Development and Capabilities Approach , The Millennium Development Goals , and other credible approaches/goals point to empowerment and participation as a necessary step if a country is to overcome the obstacles associated with poverty and development ." }, { "docid": "Empowerment_evaluation", "title": "", "text": "Empowerment evaluation ( EE ) is an evaluation approach designed to help communities monitor and evaluate their own performance . It is used in comprehensive community initiatives as well as small-scale settings and is designed to help groups accomplish their goals . According to David Fetterman , `` Empowerment evaluation is the use of evaluation concepts , techniques , and findings to foster improvement and self-determination '' . An expanded definition is : `` Empowerment evaluation is an evaluation approach that aims to increase the likelihood that programs will achieve results by increasing the capacity of program stakeholders to plan , implement , and evaluate their own programs . ''" }, { "docid": "LGBT_sex_education", "title": "", "text": "LGBT sex education refers to an educational program , most commonly found in schools , that addresses the sex education needs of LGBT individuals and covers topics related to homosexuality . It is usually integrated into the general sex education courses ( alongside heterosexual topics ) . There is disagreement about whether LGBT sex education should be included in sex education curricula . Advocates of LGBT sex education say that the inclusion of LGBT issues into sex education programs would reduce homophobic bullying , improve the health of LGBT people , and decrease instances of problems common in LGBT students such as depression and low self-esteem ; opponents argue that LGBT sex education programs would force a political point of view on students , misuse tax money , and disrespect religious values . As of 2014 , only 5 % of middle and high schoolers in the United States reported receiving `` positive discussions of LGBT-related topics '' within their health classes ." }, { "docid": "LGBT_culture_in_Shanghai", "title": "", "text": "The city of Shanghai , China , has an LGBT community . Hongwei Bao , author of `` Queering/Querying Cosmopolitanism : Queer Spaces in Shanghai , '' stated that the LGBT community in Shanghai has a more cautious attitude compared to LGBT communities in other Chinese cities . Bao wrote that there is a sense that Shanghai has a culture superior to that of other areas in China and that `` Shanghai 's gay identity bears the imprint of this self-identified cultural superiority brought about by their experience with colonialism and capitalism in the twentieth century . ''" }, { "docid": "Education_and_the_LGBT_community", "title": "", "text": "In the recent history of the expansion of LGBT rights , the issue of teaching various aspects of lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender life and existence to younger children has become a heated point of debate , with proponents stating that the teaching of LGBT-affirming topics to children will increase a sense of visibility for LGBT students and reduce incidences of homophobia or closeted behavior for children , while opponents to the pedagogical discussion of LGBT people to students are afraid that such discussions would encourage children to violate or question religiously or ideologically motivated rejections of non-heterosexuality in private settings ( or promote a `` homosexual agenda '' ) . Much of the religious and/or social conservative aversion to non-heterosexuality and the broaching of the topic to juveniles tends to occur in regions with a historic demographic dominance or majority of adherents to an Abrahamic religion , particularly the majority of denominations of Christianity , Islam and Judaism , while those who were raised in those religions but advocate or take more favorable/nuanced positions on LGBT issues or are LGBT themselves may often be ostracized from more socially conservative congregations over the issue ." }, { "docid": "LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City", "title": "", "text": "New York City has one of the largest and most prominent LGBT populations in the world . Brian Silverman , the author of Frommer 's New York City from $ 90 a Day , wrote the city has `` one of the world 's largest , loudest , and most powerful '' LGBT communities '' and `` Gay and lesbian culture is as much a part of New York 's basic identity as yellow cabs , high-rises , and Broadway theater . '' LGBT Americans in New York City constitute by significant margins the largest self-identifying lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender communities in the United States , and the 1969 Stonewall Riots in Greenwich Village are widely considered to be the genesis of the modern gay rights movement . As of 2005 , New York City was home to an estimated 272,493 self-identifying gay and bisexual individuals . The New York City metropolitan area had an estimated 568,903 self-identifying GLB residents . Meanwhile , New York City is also home to the largest transgender population in the United States , estimated at 25,000 in 2016 ." }, { "docid": "London_LGBT+_Community_Pride", "title": "", "text": "London LGBT + Community Pride is a Community Interest Company that was formed at the end of 2012 to bid for the right to run London 's main gay pride festival in the wake of the significantly `` scaled back '' WorldPride London 2012 event and was awarded the contract on 18 January 2013 by the Mayor of London . The company 's mission is to : Be fully inclusive of all sections of the LGBT + community , free at the point of access Provide a celebration of LGBT + life and a platform to continue the fight for equality and to challenge prejudice Grow over time in a sustainable way which is led by the LGBT + community" }, { "docid": "Switchboard_(UK)", "title": "", "text": "Switchboard is the oldest LGBT + telephone helpline in the United Kingdom , based in London . Switchboard was founded in March 1974 as the London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard , providing help and information to London 's gay community , particularly in the aftermath of the partial decriminalisation of male homosexuality in 1967 . In the 1980s , Switchboard was the leading source of information on HIV/AIDS , with some of Switchboard 's volunteers amongst the founding members of the Terrence Higgins Trust . In 2008 , Switchboard was the recipient of the Queen 's Award for Voluntary Service . The organisation was invited and accepted to go to Buckingham Palace to collect the award . In 2014 , Queen Elizabeth II acknowledged the 40th anniversary of the organisation 's founding , marking the first time she has had any involvement , voiced support or recognised an LGBT charity during her reign , and indeed the first time the Crown has ever publicly supported the LGBT community . LLGS received a comment from the Queen saying : `` Best wishes and congratulations to all concerned on this most special anniversary . '' Switchboard rebranded to its current name in 2015 to emphasize inclusion for persons of all sexual orientation and gender identities , and that its services are not limited to London . Today , it has expanded considerably to more than 30,000 callers each year , and now also provides support through email and instant messaging . Switchboard provides a listening service for people to discuss their feelings in an impartial and non-judgemental way , as well as information and advice for going out in London and the UK . Switchboard also operates an internet database of LGBT + organisations in the UK known as `` queery '' ." }, { "docid": "William_Way_LGBT_Community_Center", "title": "", "text": "The William Way LGBT Community Center is a nonprofit organization serving the lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender population of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania and nearby communities , located at 1315 Spruce Street in Philadelphia . The community center was founded in 1975 as the Gay Community Center of Philadelphia . It purchased its current building at 1315 Spruce Street in 1997 , and has owned it since local businessman Mel Heifetz paid off the center 's mortgage in 2005 . The center 's programs include a large archives of local and regional LGBT documents and artifacts , an extensive library , and programs in peer counseling , senior services , education , and arts and culture . The center also offers numerous 12-step meetings throughout the day and night . The western wall of the community center features Ann Northrup 's block-long mural , `` Pride & Progress '' , featuring images of Philadelphia 's LGBT citizens over decades . , the center 's executive director was Chris Bartlett ." }, { "docid": "Media_portrayal_of_LGBT_people", "title": "", "text": "The media portrayal of LGBT people refers to the varying and evolving ways in which the media depicts or portrays the lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender community . The acronym LGBT is commonly used in North America and other English-speaking countries ; it attempts to include all sexual orientations and variations represented in shorthand . Although the acronym originated in North America , media representation of the LGBT community may be examined on a global scale , with varying degrees of tolerance . Historically , the portrayal of the LGBT community in media has been negative , reflecting the intolerance for the LGBT community seen in cultures ; however , from the 1990s to present day , there has been an increase in the depictions of LGBT individuals , issues , and concerns within mainstream media in North America . The LGBT community has taken an increasingly proactive stand in defining its own culture with a primary goal of achieving an affirmative visibility in mainstream media . This positive portrayal or increased presence of the LGBT community in media has served to increase acceptance and support for the LGBT community , establish the LGBT community as a norm , and provide information on the topic . Gwendolyn Audrey Foster admits , `` We may still live in a world of white dominance and heterocentrism , but I think we can agree that we are in the midst of postmodern destabilizing forces when it comes to sexuality and race . ''" }, { "docid": "PHASE_(Practical_Help_Achieving_Self_Empowerment)", "title": "", "text": "PHASE is a partnership between several international non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) registered in Austria , Nepal , the United States of America ( USA ) and the United Kingdom ( UK ) . The organisations specialise in improving health and education services and livelihood opportunities for disadvantaged populations and most of this work takes place in Nepal . PHASE aims to support the most vulnerable ( women , children , low castes , the very poor and people with disabilities ) to break the cycle of poverty . It assists communities and local authorities to work together in creating a self-sufficient future . The acronym , PHASE , stands for `` Practical Help Achieving Self Empowerment '' and describes the working ethic of the organisations ." }, { "docid": "Women's_Way", "title": "", "text": "Women 's Way is a grantmaking , advocacy , and education 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) status nonprofit that deals with current issues facing women and girls in the greater Philadelphia region . Several women-focused nonprofits formed the organization in the late-1970s in response to financial struggles . The causes they served at the time were controversial and hard to fund . In more recent years , Women 's Way has focused its scope with a comprehensive advocacy/public policy program . The issues it addresses include : women 's health ( which spans from reproductive choices to maternal health care ) , domestic and community violence ( including human trafficking and sex trafficking ) , workplace equity and economic self-sufficiency for women , the empowerment and leadership development of girls , and the underrepresentation of women in positions of leadership and elected office . As of 2013 , Women 's Way 's Executive Director is Wendy Voet . Its vision statement says it works to create a `` powerful voice for women . ''" }, { "docid": "Hip_hop_feminism", "title": "", "text": "Hip hop feminism is a critique of hip hop culture which argues homophobia and heterosexism that exists in society are perpetuated in hip hop and demands greater LGBT community representation . The homophobia and heterosexism that exists in society is perpetuated in hip hop , especially rap music , making lesbian and bisexual women of color invisible . These masculine ideologies ignore queer influences on hip hop because men who exhibit characteristics and traits outside the boundaries of heteronormative masculinity are depicted as less male . The sexualities of these women of color are exploited in hip hop videos because same gender sexuality is depicted in these videos to fit the male gaze . These videos are intended for a male heterosexual audience implying that lesbian and bisexual women of color do not own their sexuality in the hip hop community . The exploitation of lesbian sexuality in rap videos is one way hip hop uses lesbian and bisexual women of color to appeal to heteronormative concepts of sexuality further devaluing real representations and contributions to hip hop from the LGBT community . In most cases the only time you see homosexuality in hip-hop is when you see it in a way that provokes lust in heterosexual male viewers . A lot of the sexism that takes place in hip-hop music has to do with the lack of feminist artist . There are several hip-hop artists that refuse to break the norms of society . If there were more artists that advocated for the LGBT community , then there would be more music that reflects the ideas of homosexuality , but not only for male viewers . There have been small cases where hip-hop artist break the barrier of `` normality '' and defy masculinity . For example , hip-hop artist , Frank Ocean , admits to being bisexual , which surprised many fans . Although this does not help the lack of feminism in hip-hop , it is one step to breaking the norms of sexuality . It allows viewers to see a difference in hip - hop . According to an article by Sheng Kuan Chung , hip hop 's music videos reach viewers all across the world . People in varying ages are influenced by these hip-hop artists in many ways . Because of this , their ideas on sexuality and feminism are altered . There have not been many feminist artists that advocate for women or sexuality however there are some . According to VH1 a few of these feminist hip-hop artist are Lauryn Hill with her song `` Doo Wop , ( That Thing ) '' , Queen Latifah with her song `` U.N.I.T.Y '' , and Salt-N-Pepa with their song `` None of Your Business '' . Not all these artist address homosexuality in their music , however they do advocate for the empowerment of women . Their songs inspire young girls all across the world . If there were more artists like them , then the problem with sexuality and feminism in hip-hop music could be fixed . Several female artists today have surfaced with trying to fix the problem in hip-hop ." }, { "docid": "LGBT_history_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)", "title": "", "text": "The state of Georgia mostly improved in its treatment of lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender residents in the years after 1970 , when LGBT residents began to openly establish events , organizations and outlets for fellow LGBT residents and increase in political empowerment ." }, { "docid": "LGBT_music", "title": "", "text": "LGBT music ( Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual and Transgender music ) is music focusing on LGBT issues performed by LGBT artists and performers . The lyrics are largely about empowerment , same-sex relationships , love , acceptance , freedom , gay pride and the courage to `` come out '' to the general public . Starting in the 2010s , it became more popular amongst Americans , as when openly-gay artist Adam Lambert topped the 2012 Billboard 200 chart ." }, { "docid": "Wolfgang_Busch", "title": "", "text": "Wolfgang Busch ( born November 6 , 1955 in Heppenheim , Germany ) is a multiple award winning documentary filmmaker , director , producer , cinematographer and editor , including a humanitarian award for his documentary `` How Do I Look '' . He also received a `` Keep The Dream Alive '' Martin Luther King Humanitarian award for his social and artistic activism for the Black and Hispanic LGBT ( Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual and Transgender ) Ballroom community , aka Harlem Drag Ball community . He is an entrepreneur , grass-root organizer , motivator , inspirational and touches people life 's from all walks of life . His Art In Education Documentaries are screened worldwide . He lectures about Artistic Empowerment and HIV/AIDS education at the most prestigious universities , community-based organizations and Churches across the United States ; London , England and Berlin , Germany ." }, { "docid": "Desislava_Petrova", "title": "", "text": "Desislava Dobreva Petrova ( Bulgarian : Десислава Добрева Петрова ; born 12 December 1980 ) is a Bulgarian gay rights activist and former president of BGO Gemini - Bulgaria 's largest LGBT rights organization . She has struggled for equal rights for LGBT people since 2000 . As Chair of the Bulgarian gay organization Gemini , the oldest and only national membership LGBT rights-based NGO in Bulgaria , Petrova has been responsible for the overall management of the organization . Her personal dedication and efforts to the LGBT community have driven the organization towards its development as a national LGBT rights defender . On 19 January 2001 she came out as a lesbian on the central news on the Bulgarian National Television . Petrova was the first publicly visible lesbian in Bulgaria , talking about LGBT rights . She is well known for campaigning in favor of anti-discrimination legislation and registered partnership . Petrova has also been involved in work groups for development of new laws , national plans and proposals for changes in the Bulgarian and EU legislation ( Amendment of the Bulgarian Penal Code and development of the Bulgarian Act for Protection Against Discrimination , development of Law for Registered Partnership ) . Petrova is also co-anchor and host of the first ever radio broadcast , which discusses the problems of the LBGT community in Bulgaria . Petrova is also an independent environmentalist and was arrested during a protest on 2 July 2007 together with 35 other activists defending the Natural Park `` Strandja '' . Around 500 blockaded the crossroad of Orlov Most ( Eagle 's Bridge ) in the center of Bulgaria 's capital ." }, { "docid": "Self-expression_values", "title": "", "text": "Self-expression values are part of a core value dimension in the modernization process . Self-expression is a cluster of values that include social toleration , life satisfaction , public expression and an aspiration to liberty . Ronald Inglehart , the University of Michigan professor who developed the theory of post-materialism , has worked extensively with this concept . On the Inglehart -- Welzel Cultural Map self-expression values are contrasted with survival values , illustrating the changes in values across countries and generations . The idea that the world is moving towards self-expression values was discussed at length in an article in the Economist . Self expression is to say something that you truly believe is important in a form of communication , such as art , speech and dance . It is to reveal yourself in a way that is special to yourself ." }, { "docid": "Birmingham_Lesbian_and_Gay_Community_Centre", "title": "", "text": "The Birmingham Lesbian and Gay Community Centre was a LGBT community centre in Birmingham , England . Opened in December 1976 as the Birmingham Gay Community Centre , it was the first LGBT community centre to be established in the United Kingdom , and paved the way for the establishment of similar institutions in London and Manchester in the 1980s ." }, { "docid": "Gay_anthem", "title": "", "text": "A gay anthem is a popular song that has become widely popular among , or has become identified with , the gay community , particularly gay men , although some of these songs may also become anthems for the rest of the LGBT community . Multiple top-charting popular songs , such as `` Raise Your Glass '' by Pink , `` We R Who We R '' by Kesha and `` Bet On It '' sung by Zach Efron , have become a `` refuge of unambiguous support for gay rights '' . Not all songs labelled as `` gay anthems '' were written with that purpose , but they are included in this subgenre of popular music if they have become particularly popular among the gay community . The lyrics of gay anthems are often marked by themes of perseverance , inner strength , acceptance , pride , and unity . Ten elements were identified by the editors of the 2002 book Queer , which they claim describe themes common to many gay anthems : `` big voiced divas ; themes of overcoming hardship in love ; `` you are not alone ; '' themes of throwing your cares away ( to party ) ; hard won self-esteem ; unashamed sexuality ; the search for acceptance ; torch songs for the world-weary ; the theme of love conquers all ; and of making no apologies for who you are . '' According to Popular Music , a music journal , the song most commonly identified as a gay anthem is `` I Will Survive '' by Gloria Gaynor . The song is described as `` a classic emblem of gay culture in the post-Stonewall and AIDS eras and arguably disco 's greatest anthem . '' UK LGBT rights charity Stonewall named Christina Aguilera 's `` Beautiful '' the most empowering song of the 2000s decade for LGBT people , and Elton John predicted it would replace `` I Will Survive '' as the pre-eminent gay anthem . Diana Ross ' `` Ai n't No Mountain High Enough '' , ABBA 's `` Dancing Queen '' , and Lady Gaga 's `` Born This Way '' have also been regarded as gay anthems ." }, { "docid": "JD_Disalvatore", "title": "", "text": "JD Disalvatore is an American LGBT film and television producer/director and gay rights activist . She is openly lesbian . Her recent credits include the award winning Shelter ( 2007 ) , Eating Out 2 ( 2006 ) , A Marine Story ( 2010 ) Gay Propaganda and Elena Undone . In 2009 , JD was honored at the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center 's An Evening With Women with a LACE ( Lesbians and bisexual women Active in Community Empowerment ) Award for her work in the community , and was featured in Go Magazine 's `` 100 Women We Love '' . She also won a GLAAD Media Award for Shelter , for best feature film in limited release . In addition to producing LGBT films , she has also written extensively about LGBT film for outlets including Clout , Curve , GayWired.com , PlanetOut.com Gay.com , QTMagazine , Power Up and here ! online in addition to her daily blog on Gay and Lesbian entertainment . JD was also the Festival Manager at Outfest : The Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Film Festival , the largest film festival in Los Angeles . She has also produced panels on LGBT film for Outfest , Power UP and the Writers Guild of America . She also produced the queer entertainment news show HERE @ for the here ! networks . Disalvatore was on the Board of Directors of the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Chamber of Commerce , where she served a term as Vice President of the Board and is currently President of the Board of Directors of the Frontiers Foundation . She is also a mentor with The Point Foundation ." }, { "docid": "For_&_Against", "title": "", "text": "For & Against is an American talk show hosted by Jim Morrison that currently airs on the LGBT channel here ! . Each episode features Morrison discussing issues that affect the LGBT community . Morrison also interviews policymakers and pundits spanning the political landscape . The show provides news and headlines from an LGBT perspective . For & Against premiered on January 6 , 2012 . here ! is producing 24 episodes for season one . In 2012 it was announced that episodes of For & Against will be made available on online video service Hulu ." }, { "docid": "Community_Empowerment_Network", "title": "", "text": "The Community Empowerment Network ( CEN ) is a US-based non-profit organization which empowers rural communities and individuals in developing countries to harness information and information technology to become more self-reliant and break out of poverty . CEN provides computers and computer skills along with mentoring individuals and communities to develop knowledge , skills , the mindset and networks necessary to successfully address ( drive ) their development priorities ( improve their lives or , improve their living conditions , maintain a vibrant culture and preserve their environment ) . CEN promotes these activities and assists with entrepreneurial development and income-generation initiatives . It is currently applying its methodology to several small communities in the Brazilian Amazon , which has resulted in the communities ' increased confidence and ability to drive and execute their development initiatives . CEN is helping to create more vibrant and independent communities ." }, { "docid": "People_With_AIDS", "title": "", "text": "The People With AIDS ( PWA ) Self-Empowerment Movement is a social movement by those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS which grew out of San Francisco in the early 1980s . The PWA Self-Empowerment Movement believes that those diagnosed as having AIDS should `` take charge of their own life , illness , and care , and to minimize dependence on others '' . The attitude that exists throughout the movement is that one should not assume that their life is over and will end soon solely because they have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS . Although most of the earliest organizers have died , and organizations dissolved or reconfigured into AIDS service organizations ( ASOs ) the self-empowerment and self-determination aspects of the movement continue . Possibly the best known example of a continuing PWA group is AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power ( ACT-UP ) , which has chapters around the world and has had great success bringing attention to and change regarding issues concerning PWAs . PWA is also used simply to mean `` person with HIV/AIDS '' , regardless of whether that person is associated with the PWA Self-Empowerment Movement ." } ]
43619	Mao Zedong lived until 1976.	[ { "docid": "Mao_Zedong", "title": "", "text": "Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung ( -LSB- ˈmaʊ_dzəˈdʊŋ , _ zə - , _ - dɒŋ -RSB- December 26 , 1893September 9 , 1976 ) , also known as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People 's Republic of China , which he governed as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 , until his death in 1976 . His Marxist -- Leninist theories , military strategies , and political policies are collectively known as Maoism or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism . Born the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan , Hunan , Mao adopted a Chinese nationalist and anti-imperialist outlook in early life , particularly influenced by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Movement of 1919 . Mao adopted Marxism -- Leninism while working at Peking University and became a founding member of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) , leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927 . During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang ( KMT ) and the CPC , Mao helped to found the Chinese Workers ' and Peasants ' Red Army , led the Jiangxi Soviet 's radical land policies and ultimately became head of the CPC during the Long March . Although the CPC temporarily allied with the KMT under the United Front during the Second Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 -- 45 ) , after Japan 's defeat China 's civil war resumed and in 1949 Mao 's forces defeated the Nationalists who withdrew to Taiwan . On 1 October 1949 , Mao proclaimed the foundation of the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , a one-party state controlled by the CPC . In the following years Mao solidified his control through a campaign of classicide against landlords , and a mass purge of perceived enemies of the state he termed as `` counter-revolutionaries '' alleged to have caused between 2,000,000 to 6,000,000 deaths . ( Mao himself admitting 800,000 deaths in the classicide and 712,000 in the suppression of Counterrevolutionaries ) In 1957 , he launched the Great Leap Forward campaign that aimed to rapidly transform China 's economy from an agrarian economy to an industrial one . The campaign contributed to a widespread famine , whose death toll is estimated at between 15,000,000 and 55,000,000 . In 1966 , he initiated the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution , a program to remove `` counter-revolutionary '' elements of Chinese society that lasted 10 years and which was marked by violent class struggle that killed 400,000 to 10,000,000 people , widespread destruction of cultural artifacts and unprecedented elevation of Mao 's personality cult . In 1972 , Mao welcomed American President Richard Nixon in Beijing , signalling a policy of opening China , which was furthered under the rule of Deng Xiaoping ( 1978 -- 1992 ) . Mao suffered a series of heart attacks in 1976 , and died in September , aged 82 . He was succeeded as Paramount leader by Hua Guofeng ( 1976 -- 1978 ) , who was quickly sidelined and replaced by Deng . A controversial figure , Mao is regarded as one of the most important individuals in modern world history , and is also known as a theorist , military strategist , poet and visionary . Supporters credit him with driving imperialism out of China , modernising China and building it into a world power , promoting the status of women , improving education and health care , and increasing life expectancy as China 's population grew from around 550 million to over 900 million under his leadership . In contrast , critics consider him a dictator comparable to Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin who damaged traditional Chinese culture , as well as considering him a perpetrator of human rights abuses , and they estimate that Mao was responsible for 40 to 70 million deaths through starvation , prison labour and executions , which would rank his tenure as the top incidence of excess mortality in human history ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Mausoleum_of_Mao_Zedong", "title": "", "text": "The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall , commonly known as the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong , is the final resting place of Mao Zedong , Chairman of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China from 1943 and the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1945 until his death in 1976 . Although Mao had wished to be cremated , his body was embalmed and construction of a mausoleum began shortly after his death . This highly popular attraction is located in the middle of Tiananmen Square in Beijing , the capital of China . It stands on the previous site of the Gate of China , the southern ( main ) gate of the Imperial City during the Ming and Qing dynasties . The remains of the Great Helmsman , as he is sometimes known , are on display for public viewing ( though some claim this is a wax sculpture placed over the actual body ) ." }, { "docid": "Maoism", "title": "", "text": "Mao Zedong Thought , or Maoism , is a political theory derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong ( 1893 -- 1976 ) . Its followers are known as Maoists . Developed from the 1950s until the Deng Xiaoping reforms in the 1970s , it was widely applied as the guiding political and military ideology of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) , and as theory guiding revolutionary movements around the world . The essential difference between Maoism and other forms of Marxism is that Mao claimed that peasants should be the essential revolutionary class in China , because , contrary to their industrial working `` comrades '' , they were more suited to establishing a successful revolution and socialist society in China ." }, { "docid": "Mao:_The_Unknown_Story", "title": "", "text": "Mao : The Unknown Story is a 2005 biography of Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong ( 1893 -- 1976 ) written by the wife and husband team of writer Jung Chang and historian Jon Halliday , who depict Mao as being responsible for more deaths in peacetime than Adolf Hitler or Joseph Stalin . In conducting their research for the book over the course of a decade , the authors interviewed hundreds of people who were close to Mao Zedong at some point in his life , used recently published memoirs from Chinese political figures , and explored newly opened archives in China and Russia . Chang herself lived through the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution , which she described in her earlier book , Wild Swans ( 1991 ) . The book quickly became a best-seller in Europe and North America and received overwhelming praise from reviews in national newspapers . Academic reviews from China specialists were , on the whole , mostly critical ." }, { "docid": "Mao_(name)", "title": "", "text": "Mao Zedong ( Mao Tse-tung ) , also known as `` Chairman Mao '' , was the leader of the Communist Party of China from 1935 to 1976 and of the People 's Republic of China from 1949 to 1976 . Mao or MAO may also refer to :" }, { "docid": "Poetry_of_Mao_Zedong", "title": "", "text": "Mao Zedong ( 1893 -- 1976 ) , the first Chairman of the Communist Party of China and leader of the People 's Republic of China for nearly 30 years , wrote poetry , starting in the 1920s , during the Red Army 's epic retreat during the Long March of 1934-1936 , and after coming to power in 1949 . Although Mao was radical politically , he wrote in classical Chinese forms ." }, { "docid": "Long_Live_the_Victory_of_Mao_Zedong_Thought", "title": "", "text": "Long Live the Victory of Mao Zedong Thought is an epoxy resin statue in Shenyang , Liaoning province , People 's Republic of China . The monument is located on Zhongshan Square in the centre of the city . The statue is one of the largest of Chairman Mao Zedong in the country . It is one of the main provincial Cultural Revolution-era monuments not removed in later years . The monument was erected by students from the Art Academy , who worked for two years on the project . They were supervised by a committee of peasants and workers . It was inaugurated on October 1 , 1970 , during the 21st anniversary celebrations of the founding of the People 's Republic of China . The statue of Chairman Mao is 30 ft tall , and the base another 30 ft tall . The phrase `` Long Live the Victory of Mao Zedong Thought '' was carved on the front of the base . The base is surrounded by statues of 58 ` worker-peasant-soldier heroes ' . They are divided into eight groups , representing different struggles of the Chinese people under the leadership of Chairman Mao . Most of the surrounding characters originally carried Little Red Books , but most of these have been removed . The first group represents soldiers and civilians , propagating the appeal of the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of China ( `` Unite to win still greater victories '' ) . The group of statues at back of the base is titled `` Party Building '' , and seeks to display the early phase of the Communist Party . The three groups on the left ( `` A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire '' , `` Long Live the People 's War '' and `` Carry the Revolution to the End '' ) illustrate struggles during the Chinese Civil War . The remaining three groups ( `` Socialism is Good '' , `` Long Live the Three Red Banners '' and `` Carry the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution Through to the End '' ) on the right side of the base illustrate the phase of socialist revolution ." }, { "docid": "Mao_Zejian", "title": "", "text": "Mao Zejian ( ; October 1905 -- 20 August 1929 ) was a cousin of Mao Zedong . She was the daughter of Zedong 's paternal uncle Mao Xi however she lived with Mao 's parents as her Tibetan mother drove her out of the house . She married a fruit seller in Changsha at the age of 12 . She was a big supporter of Socialism so she was captured by Chiang Kai-Shek who had a daughter called Wen with her . She was later beheaded . '' '' ''" }, { "docid": "Mao_Zedong's_Former_Residence", "title": "", "text": "Former Residence of Mao Zedong or Mao Zedong 's Former Residence was built in the late Qing Dynasty . It is located in Shaoshan Village of Shaoshan township in Shaoshan , Xiangtan , Hunan , China . The building was the birthplace and childhood home of Mao Zedong , the first leader of the People 's Republic of China . It has a building area of about 472.92 m2 , embodies buildings such as the old houses , the Mao Zedong Memorial Hall , the Bronze Statue of Mao Zedong , the Cultural relics Exhibition Hall , and the Dishui Hole ( Dripping Water Cave ; 滴水洞 ) ." }, { "docid": "Li_Min", "title": "", "text": "Li Min is the name of : Emperor Zhaozong of Tang ( 867 -- 904 ) , Tang dynasty emperor who briefly used the name Li Min from 888 to 889 Li Min ( daughter of Mao Zedong ) ( born 1936 ) , daughter of Chinese leader Mao Zedong Li Min ( synchronised swimmer ) ( born 1976 ) , Chinese synchronized swimmer" }, { "docid": "Hou_Bo", "title": "", "text": "Hou Bo 侯波 ( born 1924 ) is a Chinese photographer who , with her husband Xu Xiaobing , was among the best known photographers of Mao Zedong . Born into a poor peasant family , Hou Bo joined the Communist Party at the age of fourteen and learned photography during the Second Sino-Japanese War in order to present a better image of the Party 's work to the world . After 1949 , she and Xu Xiaobing lived in the same compound as Mao and took both official photos , some used for posters and publicity , which became the most widely circulated photos of Mao , and some family photos , taken informally behind the scenes . Among her best known photographs are `` The Founding of the PRC '' ( 1949 ) , `` Mao Zedong Swimming Across the Yangzi '' ( 1955 ) , `` Chairman Mao at Work in an Airplane '' ( 1959 ) , and `` Mao Zedong with Students from Latin America '' ( 1959 ) , which won First Prize in the National Photography Exhibition of 1959 ." }, { "docid": "Shao_Hua", "title": "", "text": "Shao Hua ( 30 October 1938 -- 24 June 2008 ) , formerly known as Zhang Shao Hua , born Chen Anyun , was a Chinese photographer and a major general in the People 's Liberation Army . Shao was the daughter-in-law of Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong and the wife of Mao 's second son , Mao Anqing . Shao was born in October 1938 in Yan ` an , Shaanxi province , a former base for Mao Zedong 's Communist army following the Long March . Her father was Chen Zhenhua , who was from Shimin , Hunan . Her mother was Zhang Wenqiu , who was from Jingshan County , Hubei . Shao began working as a photographer during the 1950s using a camera which had been brought to her from the Soviet Union by Mao Zedong 's eldest son , Mao Anying . She traveled extensively throughout China following the Chinese Civil War . The subjects of her photographs were often related to the government of the Communist movement , including factories and other factors of production , army units , schools , and poor rural Chinese villages . She became the head of the China Photographers Association ( CPA ) in 2002 and served in that position until her death in 2008 . Shao also served as a major general in the People 's Liberation Army . She had also served as the director of the military encyclopedia department of the PLA Academy of Military Sciences . Shao was a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC ) from 1988 to 2002 , when she began displaying her photographs publicly . Shao married Mao Anqing , Mao Zedong 's second son and a Russian linguist , in September 1960 . The couple had one son , Mao Xinyu . Her husband had no active role in the Chinese government . Mao Anqing died on March 23 , 2007 , at the age of 84 . Her son Mao Xinyu and his wife , Liu Bin , have one son Mao Dongdong born in 2003 who is currently the only great-grandson of Mao Zedong . Shao Hua died in Beijing of an unspecified illness on June 24 , 2008 , at the age of 69 . Her death was announced by the China Photographers Association and the state run Xinhua news agency ." }, { "docid": "Workers'_Institute_of_Marxism–Leninism–Mao_Zedong_Thought", "title": "", "text": "The Workers ' Institute of Marxism -- Leninism -- Mao Zedong Thought ( known as the Workers ' Institute of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought until 1979 ) was a small Maoist political party based in Brixton , London . It was formed by Aravindan Balakrishnan in 1974 after his expulsion from the Communist Party of England ( Marxist-Leninist ) . Many of its members lived in a commune originally based at its headquarters . In the early 1980s , after a police raid , Balakrishnan decided to move the groups activities underground . Balakrishnan 's control over his followers intensified and as the commune moved between several addresses . The group ended in 2013 with the arrest of Balakrishnan and his wife , Chandra , under the suspicion of multiple charges including rape , false imprisonment , and domestic abuse . The three remaining members were taken to safety , including Katy Morgan-Davies who was born into the sect ." }, { "docid": "Cultural_Revolution", "title": "", "text": "The Cultural Revolution , formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution , was a sociopolitical movement that took place in China from 1966 until 1976 . Set into motion by Mao Zedong , then Chairman of the Communist Party of China , its stated goal was to preserve ` true ' Communist ideology in the country by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society , and to re-impose Maoist thought as the dominant ideology within the Party . The Revolution marked the return of Mao Zedong to a position of power after the Great Leap Forward . The movement paralyzed China politically and negatively affected the country 's economy and society to a significant degree . The Revolution was launched in May 1966 , after Mao alleged that bourgeois elements had infiltrated the government and society at large , aiming to restore capitalism . To eliminate his rivals within the Communist Party of China , Mao insisted that these `` revisionists '' be removed through violent class struggle . China 's youth responded to Mao 's appeal by forming Red Guard groups around the country . The movement spread into the military , urban workers , and the Communist Party leadership itself . It resulted in widespread factional struggles in all walks of life . In the top leadership , it led to a mass purge of senior officials , most notably Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping . During the same period Mao 's personality cult grew to immense proportions . Millions of people were persecuted in the violent struggles that ensued across the country , and suffered a wide range of abuses including public humiliation , arbitrary imprisonment , torture , hard labor , sustained harassment , seizure of property and sometimes execution . A large segment of the population was forcibly displaced , most notably the transfer of urban youth to rural regions during the Down to the Countryside Movement . Historical relics and artifacts were destroyed . Cultural and religious sites were ransacked . Mao officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969 , but its active phase lasted until the death of the military leader Lin Biao in 1971 . After Mao 's death and the arrest of the Gang of Four in 1976 , reformers led by Deng Xiaoping gradually began to dismantle the Maoist policies associated with the Cultural Revolution . In 1981 , the Party declared that the Cultural Revolution was `` responsible for the most severe setback and the heaviest losses suffered by the Party , the country , and the people since the founding of the People 's Republic '' ." }, { "docid": "Mao_Zedong_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Mao Zedong is a 2013 Chinese epic biographical television series which dramatises the life of Mao Zedong , the father of the People 's Republic of China . it was directed by Gao Xixi , and starring Tang Guoqiang , Liu Jing , Guo Lianwen , and Wang Wufu . The television series is released in 2013 to mark the 120th anniversary of the birth of Mao Zedong ." }, { "docid": "Zhou_Enlai", "title": "", "text": "Zhou Enlai ( ; 5 March 1898 -- 8 January 1976 ) was the first Premier of the People 's Republic of China , serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976 . Zhou served along with Chairman Mao Zedong and was instrumental in the Communist Party 's rise to power , and later in consolidating its control , forming foreign policy , and developing the Chinese economy . A skilled and able diplomat , Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958 . Advocating peaceful coexistence with the West after the stalemated Korean War , he participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and the 1955 Bandung Conference , and helped orchestrate Richard Nixon 's 1972 visit to China . He helped devise policies regarding the bitter disputes with the U.S. , Taiwan , the Soviet Union ( after 1960 ) , India and Vietnam . Zhou survived the purges of other top officials during the Cultural Revolution . While Mao dedicated most of his later years to political struggle and ideological work , Zhou was the main driving force behind the affairs of state during much of the Cultural Revolution . His attempts at mitigating the Red Guards ' damage and his efforts to protect others from their wrath made him immensely popular in the Cultural Revolution 's later stages . As Mao Zedong 's health began to decline in 1971 and 1972 , Zhou struggled against the Gang of Four internally over leadership of China . Zhou 's health was also failing , however , and he died eight months before Mao on 8 January 1976 . The massive public outpouring of grief in Beijing turned to anger towards the Gang of Four , leading to the Tiananmen Incident . Although succeeded by Hua Guofeng , it was Deng Xiaoping , Zhou 's ally , who was able to outmaneuver the Gang of Four politically and eventually take Hua 's place as paramount leader by 1978 ." }, { "docid": "Mao_Yichang", "title": "", "text": "Mao Yichang ( October 15 , 1870 -- January 23 , 1920 ) was a Chinese farmer and grain merchant who achieved notability as the father of revolutionary political theorist Mao Zedong . The nineteenth generation of the Mao clan , he was born and lived his life in the rural village of Shaoshanchong in Shaoshan , Hunan Province . The son of Mao Enpu , he was raised into a poverty-stricken family of farmers . Marrying Wen Qimei when he was ten , he subsequently served for two years in the Chinese army . Returning to agriculture , he became a moneylender and grain merchant , buying up local grain and selling it in the city for a higher price , becoming one of the wealthiest farmers in Shaoshan , with 20 acres of land . He and Wen had four surviving children , Zedong , Zemin , Zetan , and Zejian , the latter of whom was adopted ." }, { "docid": "Philip_Short", "title": "", "text": "Philip Short ( born 17 April 1945 ) is a British journalist and author . He was born in Bristol on 17 April 1945 . He studied at Queens ' College , Cambridge . After graduation , he spent from 1967 to 1973 as a freelance journalist , first in Malawi , then in Uganda . He then joined the BBC as a foreign correspondent . He worked there for 25 years . He is the author of several books , among them the biographies of Mao Zedong , Mao : A Life , Pol Pot , Pol Pot : Anatomy of a Nightmare , and François Mitterrand , A Taste for Intrigue : The Multiple Lives of François Mitterrand . He presented a TV documentary on Mao Zedong entitled `` Mao 's Bloody Revolution Revealed '' on the UK terrestrial station Five in May 2007 ." }, { "docid": "Luo_Yixiu", "title": "", "text": "Luo Yixiu ( ; October 20 , 1889 -- February 11 , 1910 ) , a Han Chinese woman , was the first wife of the later Chinese communist revolutionary and political leader Mao Zedong , to whom she was married from 1908 until her death . Coming from the area around Shaoshan , Hunan , in south central China -- the same region as Mao -- her family were impoverished local landowners . Most of what is known about their marriage comes from an account Mao gave to the American reporter Edgar Snow in 1936 , which Snow included in his book Red Star Over China . According to Mao , he and Luo Yixiu were the subject of an arranged marriage organised by their respective fathers , Mao Yichang and Luo Helou . Luo was eighteen and Mao just fourteen years old at the time of their betrothal . Although Mao took part in the wedding ceremony , he later stated that he was unhappy with the marriage , never consummating it and refusing to live with his wife . Socially disgraced , she lived with Mao 's parents for two years until she died of dysentery , while he moved out of the village to continue his studies elsewhere , eventually becoming a founding member of the Communist Party of China . Various biographers have suggested that Mao 's experience of this marriage affected his later views , leading him to become a critic of arranged marriage and a vocal feminist . He would marry three more times throughout his life , to Yang Kaihui , He Zizhen and Jiang Qing , the last of whom was better known as Madame Mao ." }, { "docid": "Quotations_from_Chairman_Mao_Tse-tung", "title": "", "text": "Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung is a book of statements from speeches and writings by Mao Zedong ( Mao Tse-tung ) , the former Chairman of the Communist Party of China , published from 1964 to about 1976 and widely distributed during the Cultural Revolution . The most popular versions were printed in small sizes that could be easily carried and were bound in bright red covers , becoming commonly known in the West as the Little Red Book ." }, { "docid": "Criticize_Lin,_Criticize_Confucius", "title": "", "text": "The Criticize Lin ( Biao ) , Criticize Confucius Campaign ( also called the Anti-Lin Biao , Anti-Confucius campaign ) was a political propaganda campaign started by Mao Zedong and his wife , Jiang Qing , the leader of the Gang of Four . It lasted from 1973 until the end of the Cultural Revolution , in 1976 . The campaign produced detailed Maoist interpretations of Chinese history , and was used as a tool by the Gang of Four to attack their enemies . The campaign continued in several phases , beginning as an academic attempt to interpret Chinese history according to Mao 's political theories . In 1974 the campaign was joined with another , pre-existent campaign to attack Lin Biao , who had allegedly attempted to assassinate Mao in a failed coup before his death in 1971 . In early 1975 the campaign was modified to indirectly attack China 's Premier , Zhou Enlai , and other senior Chinese leaders . In mid-1975 the Gang of Four introduced debate on The Water Margin as a tool to attack their enemies . The campaign only ended in 1976 , when the Gang of Four were arrested , ending the Cultural Revolution ." }, { "docid": "Mao_Zedong_Statue_(Fuzhou)", "title": "", "text": "The Mao Zedong Statue is located in Wuyi Square , Fuzhou , Fujian , China . The monument stands 10.1 m ( 33.1365 ft ) tall and depicts Mao Zedong with an outstretched arm . Since 1969 , the statue was built by Yang Zhengrong , a painter in Fujian . After one year and a half , it completed ." }, { "docid": "Yang_Kaihui", "title": "", "text": "Yáng Kāihuì ( ; courtesy name : Yúnjǐn ; November 6 , 1901 -- November 14 , 1930 ) was the second wife of Mao Zedong , whom he married in 1920 . She had three children with Mao Zedong : Mao Anying , Mao Anqing , and Mao Anlong . Her father was Yang Changji , the head of the Hunan First Normal School and one of Mao 's favorite teachers ." }, { "docid": "Youth_Mao_Zedong_Statue", "title": "", "text": "The Youth Mao Zedong Statue is located in Orange Isle , Changsha , Hunan , China . The monument stands 32 metres tall and depicts Mao Zedong 's head . In 2007 the Hunan People 's Government began building it , two years later the statue was finished . It took more than 8000 pieces of granite , which were mined from Fujian ." }, { "docid": "Mao_Zedong_Statue_(Chengdu)", "title": "", "text": "The Mao Zedong Statue is located in Tianfu Square , Chengdu , Sichuan , China . The monument stands 30 m ( 98.4 ft ) tall and depicts Mao Zedong with an outstretched arm . Before 1967 , the site was occupied by an ancient palace from the Shu Kingdom of ancient Sichuan . The palace was destroyed by Red Guards and the moat around it filled in to make an air raid shelter in 1967 ." }, { "docid": "The_Red_Sun", "title": "", "text": "The Red Sun was a 1992 Chinese modern pop-music album covering odes to Mao Zedong with a disco beat . Following the success of the album 4 more volumes were later issued . The full title was The Red Sun : Odes to Mao Zedong , Uninterrupted Songs in New Rhythm ( 红太阳-毛泽东颂歌新节奏联唱 Hong taiyang : Mao Zedong songge xin jiezou lianchang ) ." }, { "docid": "Li_Min_(daughter_of_Mao_Zedong)", "title": "", "text": "Li Min ( ; born 1936 in Zhidan , Yan ` an , Shaanxi with family roots in Xiangtan , Hunan ) , original name Mao Jiaojiao , is the daughter of Mao Zedong and his third wife , He Zizhen . Her surname is Li rather than Mao , because Mao had changed his name to `` Li Desheng '' for a period of time to prevent from being chased by Kuomintang army during the Chinese Civil War ." }, { "docid": "Mao_Yuanxin", "title": "", "text": "Mao Yuanxin ( born 14 February 1941 ) was the liaison between Chinese leader Mao Zedong and the Communist Party 's Central Committee in the former 's ailing years , when he was no longer able to regularly attend political functions . He was Mao Zedong 's nephew and considered an ally to the hardline political faction known as the Gang of Four , and was arrested soon after Mao 's death after a political struggle ensued , and was sentenced to prison ." }, { "docid": "V._V._Paranjpe", "title": "", "text": "Vasant Vasudeo Paranjpe was an Indian diplomat and an expert on China . In 1947 , he came to China to study the Chinese language at Beijing University . He later worked as an ambassador in China , until 1957 . He served as the interpreter when Nehru visited China and talked with Mao Zedong in 1954 . From 1974 to 1976 he was ambassador to Addis Ababa . In 1977 he was made India 's ambassador to South Korea . Presented credentiales on in Seoul ." }, { "docid": "The_Private_Life_of_Chairman_Mao", "title": "", "text": "The Private Life of Chairman Mao : The Memoirs of Mao 's Personal Physician is a memoir by Li Zhisui , one of the physicians to Mao Zedong , former Chairman of the Communist Party of China , which was first published in 1994 . Li had emigrated to the United States in the years after Mao 's death . The book describes the time during which Li was Mao 's physician , beginning with his return to China after training in Australia , through the height of Mao 's power to his death in 1976 including the diverse details of Mao 's personality , sexual proclivities , party politics and personal habits . The book was well received by Western media , with reviews praising it for being corroborated by other sources and giving a detailed , fly on the wall perspective on Mao 's personal life . The book was controversial and ultimately banned in the People 's Republic of China , with other associates of Mao publishing Chinese language rebuttals in which they argued that much of it was fabricated by Li himself and by his English language translators ." }, { "docid": "Proletarian_Revolutionary_Organisation,_Nepal", "title": "", "text": "The Communist Unity Contact Forum Nepal was a Nepalese communist organisation . It was founded in July 1974 by communists who had developed differences with the Communist Party of Nepal ( Pushpa Lal ) . The group was based in western Nepal and in exile in India . The organisation published Rato Jhanda ( ` Red Flag ' ) . The ideology of the group was Marxism -- Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought , and it worked for the creation of a militant and well-organised communist party . The group accused Manmohan Adhikari , Pushpa Lal Shrestha and Mohan Bikram Singh for factionalism . The group was reorganised as the Proletarian Revolutionary Organisation , Nepal in 1976 . In 1977 the group made a new analysis , and adopted the theory of Boddhisatva Maoism . It claimed that the thoughts of Buddha and Mao Zedong were proponents of the same line of thinking , and that it was necessary to add Buddhist thinking to Mao 's doctrine in order to advance the revolutionary cause in the Nepalese context . Moreover , it claimed that Buddhism would be unable to receive nationwide respect in Nepal if Mao 's thinking was not harmonized into the Buddhist thinking . However , the concept of Bodhisattva Maoism was too difficult for many of the members of the organisation to digest . In 1978 internal dissent broke out inside the organisation , and the group would soon disappear from the political scene . The remainders of the group merged into the Nepal Workers Peasants Organisation ." } ]
191936	The Hangover Part III includes Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Justin Bartha, and Ken Jeong, Jeffrey Tambor, Heather Graham, Mike Epps, Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman.	[ { "docid": "The_Hangover_Part_III", "title": "", "text": "The Hangover Part III is a 2013 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the third and final installment in The Hangover trilogy . The film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Justin Bartha , and Ken Jeong . The supporting cast includes Jeffrey Tambor , Heather Graham , Mike Epps , Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman with Todd Phillips directing a screenplay written by himself and Craig Mazin . The film follows the `` Wolfpack '' ( Phil , Stu , Doug , and Alan ) as they try to get Alan the help he needs after facing a personal crisis . However , things go awry when an incident from the original film comes back to haunt them . The Hangover Part III was announced days before the release of The Hangover Part II and Mazin , who co-wrote Part II , was brought on board . In January 2012 , the principal actors re-signed to star . In March 2012 , Warner Bros. announced a U.S. Memorial Weekend release . The supporting roles were cast between June and September 2012 . Principal photography began in September 2012 in Los Angeles , California before moving to Nogales , Arizona and Las Vegas , Nevada . The film was released on May 23 , 2013 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "The_Hangover", "title": "", "text": "The Hangover is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Todd Phillips , co-produced with Daniel Goldberg , and written by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore . The film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Heather Graham , Ken Jeong , Rachael Harris , Mike Epps , Justin Bartha , and Jeffrey Tambor . It tells the story of Phil Wenneck , Stu Price , Alan Garner , and Doug Billings , who travel to Las Vegas for a bachelor party to celebrate Doug 's impending marriage . However , Phil , Stu and Alan wake up with Doug missing and no memory of the previous night 's events , and must find the groom before the wedding can take place . Lucas and Moore wrote the script after executive producer Chris Bender 's friend disappeared and had a large bill after being sent to a strip club . After Lucas and Moore sold it to the studio for $ 2 million , Philips and Jeremy Garelick rewrote the script to include a tiger as well as a subplot involving a baby and a police cruiser , and also including boxer Mike Tyson . Filming took place in Nevada for 15 days , and during filming , the three main actors ( Cooper , Helms , and Galifianakis ) formed a real friendship . The Hangover was released on June 5 , 2009 , and was a critical and commercial success . The film became the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2009 , with a worldwide gross of over $ 467 million . The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , and received multiple other accolades . It is the tenth-highest-grossing worldwide film of 2009 , as well as the second highest-grossing R-rated comedy ever in the United States , surpassing a record previously held by Beverly Hills Cop for almost 25 years . Out of all R-rated films , it is the six-highest-grossing ever in the U.S. , behind only The Passion of the Christ , The Matrix Reloaded , Ted , American Sniper , and Deadpool . A sequel , The Hangover Part II , was released on May 26 , 2011 , and a third and final installment , The Hangover Part III , was released on May 23 , 2013 ." }, { "docid": "The_Hangover_Part_II", "title": "", "text": "The Hangover Part II is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2009 film The Hangover and the second installment in The Hangover trilogy . Directed by Todd Phillips , who co-wrote the script with Craig Mazin and Scot Armstrong , the film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Ken Jeong , Jeffrey Tambor , Justin Bartha , and Paul Giamatti . It tells the story of Phil , Stu , Alan , and Doug as they travel to Thailand for Stu 's wedding . After the bachelor party in Las Vegas , Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe , subdued pre-wedding brunch . Things do not go as planned , resulting in another bad hangover with no memories of the previous night . Development began in April 2009 , two months before The Hangover was released . The principal actors were cast in March 2010 to reprise their roles from the first film . Production began in October 2010 , in Ontario , California , before moving on location in Thailand . The film was released on May 26 , 2011 and became the highest-grossing R-rated comedy during its theatrical run . A third and final installment , The Hangover Part III , was released on May 23 , 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Late_World_with_Zach", "title": "", "text": "Late World with Zach is a television show on VH1 during the spring of 2002 , starring Zach Galifianakis who appeared without his now-trademark beard for most of the show 's run . Late World 's theme song was Frank Black 's `` Los Angeles '' , a nod to the studio 's location . The show began with a monologue , like many late night talk shows , but with Galifianakis ' unique style , usually involving a piano and non-sequiturs interlaced with topical humor . After this , one or two skits starring Zach followed . One of the running skits was footage of red carpet interviews , edited later with Zach asking humorously different questions . Last , Zach met with a guest like Mathew St. Patrick , Bradley Cooper or had a musical guest , Rhett Miller . The show was canceled after nine weeks of production due to poor ratings . The series is not currently slated for DVD release . A then-unknown Kevin Federline had a small , non-speaking role in one of the show 's last episodes ." }, { "docid": "Zach_Galifianakis", "title": "", "text": "Zachary Knight Galifianakis ( -LSB- ˌgælᵻfəˈnækᵻs -RSB- born October 1 , 1969 ) is an American actor , writer and comedian . He came to prominence with his Comedy Central Presents special in 2001 and presented his own show called Late World with Zach on VH1 the following year . He has also starred in films , such as The Hangover trilogy ( 2009 -- 2013 ) , Due Date ( 2010 ) , The Campaign ( 2012 ) , Birdman or ( The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance ) ( 2014 ) , Puss in Boots ( 2011 ) , Masterminds ( 2016 ) and The Lego Batman Movie ( 2017 ) . He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning talk show Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis on the Funny or Die website and executive produces , writes , and stars in the dark comedy series Baskets on FX ." }, { "docid": "Justin_Bartha", "title": "", "text": "Justin Lee Bartha ( born July 21 , 1978 ) is an American actor , known for his roles as Riley Poole in the National Treasure film series , Doug Billings in The Hangover trilogy , and David Sawyer in the NBC comedy series The New Normal ." }, { "docid": "Amusement_Park_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Amusement Park is an upcoming 2018 American-Spanish 3D computer animated adventure comedy film that is being produced by Paramount Animation , Nickelodeon Movies , and Ilion Animation Studios for Paramount Pictures . The film is being directed by Dylan Brown , and will star the voices of Matthew Broderick , Jennifer Garner , Jeffrey Tambor , Kenan Thompson , Ken Jeong , Mila Kunis and John Oliver . It is scheduled to be released on August 10 , 2018 by Paramount Pictures . A television series based on the film will debut in 2019 on Nickelodeon ." }, { "docid": "Cheap_Seats", "title": "", "text": "Cheap Seats without Ron Parker , commonly shortened to Cheap Seats , was a television program broadcast on ESPN Classic and hosted by brothers Randy and Jason Sklar . The brothers appear as fictional ESPN tape librarians who amuse themselves by watching old , campy sports broadcasts and lampooning them . Produced by Mark Shapiro , Showrunner , Todd Pellegrino , James Cohen and Joseph Maar , Cheap Seats was originally an hour-long program . There were eight one hour-long episodes in the first season , all of which were edited to fit a 30-minute time slot . A number of actors and comedians were featured in various in-studio comedy skits on the show , including Jim Gaffigan , H. Jon Benjamin , Paul Rudd , David Cross , Zach Galifianakis , Ed Helms , Eugene Mirman , Michael Ian Black , Nick Kroll , Kristen Schaal , Judah Friedlander , Nick Swardson , Mike Birbiglia , Doug Benson , Kathy Griffin and Patton Oswalt ." }, { "docid": "One-line_joke", "title": "", "text": "A one-liner is a joke that is delivered in a single line . A good one-liner is said to be pithy - concise and meaningful . Comedians and actors use this comedic method as part of their act , e.g. Jimmy Carr , Tommy Cooper , Rodney Dangerfield , Ken Dodd , Stewart Francis , Zach Galifianakis , Mitch Hedberg , Anthony Jeselnik , Milton Jones , Shappi Khorsandi , Jay London , Mark Linn-Baker , Demetri Martin , Groucho Marx , Dan Mintz , Emo Philips , Tim Vine , Steven Wright and Henny Youngman . Many fictional characters are also known to deliver one-liners , including James Bond , who usually includes short and witty quips after disposing of a villain ." }, { "docid": "Love_the_Coopers", "title": "", "text": "Love the Coopers ( titled Christmas with the Coopers in the UK and Ireland ) is a 2015 American Christmas comedy film directed by Jessie Nelson and written by Steven Rogers . The film stars an ensemble cast , including Alan Arkin , John Goodman , Ed Helms , Diane Keaton , Jake Lacy , Anthony Mackie , Amanda Seyfried , June Squibb , Marisa Tomei and Olivia Wilde , and follows a dysfunctional family that reunites for the holidays . The film was released on November 13 , 2015 by Lionsgate , received generally negative reviews and grossed $ 42 million ." }, { "docid": "Melissa_McCarthy", "title": "", "text": "Melissa Ann McCarthy ( born August 26 , 1970 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer , fashion designer and producer . She began appearing in television and films in the late 1990s , and first gained nationwide recognition for her role as Sookie St. James on the television series Gilmore Girls ( 2000 -- 2007 ) . From 2007 to 2009 , she appeared as Dena on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who ? . McCarthy was then cast as Molly Flynn on the CBS sitcom Mike & Molly ( 2010 -- 2016 ) , earning a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series as well as two other nominations during subsequent seasons . She has also been nominated four times ( in 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2016 ) for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her five appearances as host on Saturday Night Live . McCarthy achieved recognition as Megan Price in the comedy film Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) , which garnered her award nominations including an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress , a BAFTA nomination and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2013 , she co-starred in the comedy films Identity Thief and The Heat . She appeared in supporting roles in The Nines ( 2007 ) , The Back-up Plan ( 2010 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , This Is 40 ( 2012 ) and The Hangover Part III ( 2013 ) . In 2014 , McCarthy starred in the comedy Tammy and the comedy-drama film St. Vincent . In 2015 , she headlined the action comedy film Spy , for which she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical nomination . In 2016 , she starred in the comedy films The Boss and Ghostbusters . In 2017 she played White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer in several episodes of Saturday Night Live . McCarthy and her husband Ben Falcone founded the production company , On the Day Productions . In 2015 , she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and released women 's plus size clothing collection . Also in 2015 , Forbes named McCarthy the third highest-paid actress in the world that year . In 2016 , Forbes named her the world 's second highest-paid actress , earning $ 33 million ." }, { "docid": "Galifianakis_(surname)", "title": "", "text": "Galifianakis is a Greek surname . Notable people with the name include : Nick Galifianakis ( politician ) ( born 1928 ) , American politician and Democratic U.S. Congressman from North Carolina between 1967 and 1973 , uncle of Zach Nick Galifianakis ( cartoonist ) , American cartoonist and artist who draws satirical cartoons , first cousin of Zach Zach Galifianakis ( born 1969 ) , American comedian , actor , and writer Category : Greek-language surnames" }, { "docid": "Heather_Graham", "title": "", "text": "Heather Joan Graham ( born January 29 , 1970 ) is an American actress . After appearing in television commercials , her first starring role in a feature film came with the teen comedy License to Drive ( 1988 ) , followed by the critically acclaimed film Drugstore Cowboy ( 1989 ) , which gained her initial industry notice . She then played supporting roles in films such as Shout ( 1991 ) , Diggstown ( 1992 ) , Six Degrees of Separation ( 1993 ) , Swingers ( 1996 ) and on the television series Twin Peaks ( 1991 ) and its prequel film Fire Walk with Me ( 1992 ) , before gaining critical praise in Paul Thomas Anderson 's Boogie Nights ( 1997 ) as porn starlet Brandy / Rollergirl . In 1999 , she co-starred in Bowfinger and Austin Powers : The Spy Who Shagged Me . In the 2000s , Graham starred in films Committed ( 2000 ) , Say It Is n't So ( 2001 ) , Mary ( 2005 ) , Gray Matters ( 2007 ) , The Hangover ( 2009 ) and its sequel , The Hangover Part III ( 2013 ) . She also had a role on the television series Scrubs in 2004 , before playing the title character on the short-lived series Emily 's Reasons Why Not in 2006 . She also had recurring roles on Showtime 's Californication ( 2014 ) and Netflix 's Flaked ( 2016 ) . Noted for portraying characters with vast sex appeal , she often appears in magazine lists of `` Most Beautiful '' and `` Sexiest '' women . Graham is a public advocate for Children International , and supported the climate change campaign Global Cool in 2007 ." }, { "docid": "Twenty_Good_Years", "title": "", "text": "Twenty Good Years is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from October 11 , 2006 , until November 1 , 2006 . The series Jeffrey Tambor , John Lithgow , Heather Burns and Jake Sandvig ." }, { "docid": "Ken_Jeong", "title": "", "text": "Kendrick Kang-Joh `` Ken '' Jeong ( born July 13 , 1969 ) is an American comedian , actor and physician ( internist ) . He is best known for his roles as Ben Chang on the critically acclaimed NBC/Yahoo ! sitcom Community and gangster Leslie Chow in The Hangover Trilogy . He was the lead in the ABC sitcom Dr. Ken until the show was cancelled , in which he is also the creator , writer and executive producer/director ." }, { "docid": "Between_Two_Ferns_with_Zach_Galifianakis", "title": "", "text": "Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis is a talk show hosted by comedian Zach Galifianakis and featuring celebrity guests . Episodes last several minutes , in which the interviewer ( Galifianakis ) and guest trade barbs and insults . In addition to the online series , an additional episode was filmed for Comedy Central as a television special ." }, { "docid": "John_Goodman", "title": "", "text": "John Stephen Goodman ( born June 20 , 1952 ) is an American actor . Early in his career , he was best known for playing Dan Conner on the ABC TV series Roseanne ( 1988 -- 1997 ) , for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in 1993 . He is also a regular collaborator with the Coen brothers on such films as Raising Arizona ( 1987 ) , Barton Fink ( 1991 ) , The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) , O Brother , Where Art Thou ? ( 2000 ) , and Inside Llewyn Davis ( 2013 ) . Goodman 's voice roles in animated films include Pacha in Disney 's The Emperor 's New Groove ( 2000 ) , and Sulley in Pixar 's Monsters , Inc. ( 2001 ) , and Monsters University ( 2013 ) . His other film performances include lead roles in The Babe ( 1992 ) , The Flintstones ( 1994 ) and 10 Cloverfield Lane ( 2016 ) and supporting roles in Coyote Ugly ( 2000 ) , The Artist ( 2011 ) , Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close ( 2011 ) , Argo ( 2012 ) , Flight ( 2012 ) , The Hangover Part III ( 2013 ) , and Patriots Day ( 2016 ) . On television , he has had regular roles on Amazon Studios ' Alpha House and on the first season of HBO 's Treme and has been one of the most frequent hosts of Saturday Night Live , as well as guest roles on series such as Community . John Heilpern of Vanity Fair has called him `` among our very finest actors '' ." }, { "docid": "Stand_Up_NY", "title": "", "text": "Stand Up NY is a comedy club located in Manhattan 's Upper West Side on 236 West 78th street . Founded in 1986 , the club is one of New York City 's oldest , always featuring diverse lineups of well-known and local comedians . Comedians Chris Rock , Jerry Seinfeld , and Jon Stewart began their stand-up careers here . Past performers at Stand-Up New York include : Louis C.K. , Susie Essman , Mike Birbiglia , Lewis Black , Judah Friedlander , John Oliver , Jay Oakerson , Hannibal Buress , Godfrey , Dave Attell , Anthony Jeselnik , Aziz Ansari , and Amy Schumer . Originally owned by then television writer and producer , now Broadway performer Cary Hoffman , the club was bought as it was struggling financially in 2008 by Dani Zoldan and Gabe Waldman , who both frequented the club as teenagers . The two immediately employed prominent interior designer Steve Lewis for the roomy , 110 seat space , composed of both a bar and showroom . Within ten months of Zoldan and Waldman taking over , revenue had tripled . The club offers shows seven days a week with a showcase format , meaning each of the five to seven comedians performs for 10-20 minutes . A regular week will consist of two shows Sunday through Thursday , three shows on Friday , and four shows on Saturday . Stand Up New York also hosts open-mics every weekday and rents out the venue for private events . In February of 2012 , comedian Chris Rock made an impromptu appearance at the club , hoping to test out new material before presenting at the Academy Awards . Rock could be overhead consoling comedian Jodie Wasserman , whom Rock had bumped from the line-up , saying , `` Sorry about that , but I 'm presenting at the Oscars . '' Actor Zach Galifianakis once worked as a night manager at Stand Up NY . After learning this in May 2013 , club owner Dani Zoldan jokingly tweeted at Galifianakis , asking if the Hangover star would be available to work a shift the following night . Much to Zoldan 's surprise , Galifianakis visited the club alone that night . Although the actor turned down an offer to take the stage , Galifianakis stuck around to watch a show and was seen sitting at the bar . In early 2013 , Stand-Up NY started a new venture called Stand Up NY Labs : a place where free comedy podcasts and videos are produced featuring comedians affiliated with Stand-Up NY . Located directly above the club , the Stand Up NY Labs records podcasts such as `` Charlie Murphy Presents '' with Charlie Murphy , `` We Know Nothing '' with Nikki Glaser , `` Race Wars '' with Kurt Metzger and Sherrod Small , `` My Sexy Podcast '' with Sabrina Jalees , and `` Invasion of Privacy '' with Joe Santagato and Kate Wolff ." }, { "docid": "Bartha", "title": "", "text": "Bartha is a Hungarian name that may refer to : Given name Bartha Knoppers ( born 1951 ) , Canadian lawyer Bartha van Crimpen ( 1754 -- 1818 ) , Dutch patriot Surname Albert Bartha ( 1877 -- 1960 ) , Hungarian military officer and politician Andrea Bartha , Hungarian visual artist , set and costume designer Aranka Szabó-Bartha ( born 1926 ) , Hungarian sprinter Ferenc Bartha ( 1943 -- 2012 ) , Hungarian economist Zoltán Sulkowsky and Gyula Bartha ( born c. 1904 -- 1905 ) , Hungarian long-distance motorcycle riders John Bartha ( born c. 1920 ) , Hungarian film actor Justin Bartha ( born 1978 ) , American actor László Bartha ( born 1987 ) , Hungarian football player Károly Bartha ( disambiguation ) -- multiple people Rezső von Bartha ( 1912 -- 2001 ) , Hungarian fencer and modern pentathlete Richard Bartha Hungarian-born American microbiologist" }, { "docid": "The_Merger_(The_Office)", "title": "", "text": "`` The Merger '' is the eighth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series The Office and the show 's 36th overall . It was written by consulting producer Brent Forrester and directed by Ken Whittingham . It first aired on November 16 , 2006 , as a special `` super-sized '' 40-minute ( including commercials ) episode on NBC . The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton and Stamford branches of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In this episode , the two branches are merged . Jim Halpert ( John Krasinski ) and Pam Beesly ( Jenna Fischer ) have an awkward reunion , Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) tries to make his new employees feel welcome , and a rivalry begins between Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) and Andy Bernard ( Ed Helms ) . The episode featured recurring guest stars Helms , Creed Bratton , Rashida Jones , Wayne Wilderson , Mike Bruner , and Ursula Burton . According to Nielsen Media Research , an estimated 8.63 million viewers watched `` The Merger '' on its first broadcast . Critical reception to the episode was mainly positive , with many reviewers spotlighting Helms and his character in particular as highlights ." }, { "docid": "United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Carolina,_1972", "title": "", "text": "The North Carolina United States Senate election of 1972 was held on 7 November 1972 as part of the nationwide elections to the Senate , and coinciding with the 1972 presidential election . The general election was fought between the Republican nominee Jesse Helms and the Democrat nominee Rep. Nick Galifianakis . Helms won the election , taking a Senate seat in North Carolina from the Democrats for the first time in the twentieth century . Three-term Representative Nick Galifianakis defeated two-term incumbent Senator B. Everett Jordan in the second ballot in the Democratic primary . Galifianakis was seen as an anti-establishment liberal in North Carolina ; although an opponent of busing , Galifianakis was not as conservative as the segregationist Jordan ." }, { "docid": "List_of_The_Office_(U.S._TV_series)_cast_members", "title": "", "text": "Below is a list of actors and actresses that are or were part of the cast of the American mockumentary comedy television series The Office . The show 's main stars have included Steve Carell , Rainn Wilson , John Krasinski , Jenna Fischer , B. J. Novak , Ed Helms , Melora Hardin , David Denman , Leslie David Baker , Brian Baumgartner , Creed Bratton , Kate Flannery , Mindy Kaling , Ellie Kemper , Angela Kinsey , Paul Lieberstein , Oscar Nunez , Craig Robinson , Phyllis Smith , Zach Woods , Amy Ryan , James Spader , Catherine Tate , Clark Duke , and Jake Lacy ." }, { "docid": "Mike_Epps", "title": "", "text": "Michael Elliot `` Mike '' Epps ( born November 18 , 1970 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor , film producer , writer , and rapper . He is best known for playing Day-Day Jones in Next Friday and its sequel , Friday After Next , and also appearing in The Hangover as `` Black Doug '' . He was the voice of Boog in Open Season 2 ( the sequel to Open Season ) , but was replaced by Matthew J. Munn in Open Season 3 . As of 2010 , Epps was the executive producer on a documentary about the life story of a former member of Tupac Shakur 's Outlawz , Napoleon : Life of an Outlaw . He is also known for playing Lloyd Jefferson `` L.J. '' Wade in Resident Evil : Apocalypse ( 2004 ) and Resident Evil : Extinction ( 2007 ) respectively ." }, { "docid": "Bradley_Cooper_on_screen_and_stage", "title": "", "text": "Bradley Cooper is an American actor and producer . He began his career by appearing in an episode of the sitcom Sex and the City ( 1999 ) and as the host of the tourism show Globe Trekker the following year . He made his screen debut in Wet Hot American Summer ( 2001 ) as a gay counselor -- a role he later reprised in the web television series Wet Hot American Summer : First Day of Camp ( 2015 ) . In the action television series Alias ( 2001 -- 2006 ) , Cooper achieved some success for the supporting role of Will Tippin , although he only played a major role in the series for the first few seasons . Cooper 's supporting part in the commercially successful comedy Wedding Crashers ( 2005 ) improved his career prospects , but also led to him being typecast as the best friend to the main character in such comedies as Failure to Launch ( 2006 ) , The Rocker ( 2008 ) , and He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) . During this period , Cooper also continued starring in television shows , such as the 2005 sitcom Kitchen Confidential , and played a dual role in a 2006 onstage production of Three Days of Rain . However , the former was cancelled after four episodes due to low ratings . His breakthrough came with the role of a reckless teacher in Todd Phillips ' comedy The Hangover ( 2009 ) , which became one of the highest grossing R-rated films of all time . Cooper continued to take on parts in several box office hits , including The A-Team ( 2010 ) , Limitless , and The Hangover Part II ( both in 2011 ) . Cooper appeared in four films in 2012 , including the critically acclaimed The Place Beyond the Pines and Silver Linings Playbook . His performance in the latter in particular was widely praised , and earned him nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actor , among other awards . Cooper 's profile continued to expand as he took on major roles in several successful films -- American Hustle ( 2013 ) , Guardians of the Galaxy , and American Sniper ( both in 2014 ) . After receiving Academy Award nominations for American Hustle and American Sniper , he became the tenth actor in history to receive an Academy Award nomination in three consecutive years . Cooper returned to stage work for a 2014 Broadway production of The Elephant Man , where he played the severely deformed Joseph Merrick . His performance drew praise from critics , and earned him a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play . None of his 2015 films -- Aloha , Burnt , or Joy -- performed particularly well at the box office . In 2016 , he appeared in the comedy drama War Dogs that he also co-produced under his and Philips ' production company , Joint Effort ." }, { "docid": "Win_Win_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Win Win is a 2011 comedy-drama directed and written by Tom McCarthy . The main characters are played by Paul Giamatti , Alex Shaffer , Amy Ryan , Bobby Cannavale , Jeffrey Tambor , Burt Young and Melanie Lynskey ." }, { "docid": "Ed_Helms", "title": "", "text": "Edward Parker Helms ( born January 24 , 1974 ) is an American actor , comedian , and singer . He is known for his work as a correspondent on The Daily Show as well as playing Andy Bernard in the U.S. version of The Office and Stuart Price in The Hangover trilogy ." }, { "docid": "Zach_Galifianakis_Live_at_the_Purple_Onion", "title": "", "text": "Live at the Purple Onion is a DVD by American stand-up comedian Zach Galifianakis directed by Michael Blieden . The show was recorded at the San Francisco club The Purple Onion in June 2005 . Galifianakis 's routine features his trademark dry humor and a large portion of it is accompanied by a light piano piece played by him as bed music . It ends with him tearing off pages of a large pad of paper which contain pre-written , and largely self-deprecating , jokes , while the Pacific Boychoir sings `` The Greatest Love of All '' . The DVD contains two separate sections which are cut to throughout the routine , often at times where the content of the routine may have to do with the content of the other portions . One of the sections is an unscripted roadtrip to The Purple Onion in a Volkswagen bus with Galifianakis and his friend Joe Wagner . The banter and happenings that occur seem to provide insights to where Galifianakis gets some of his comedy . The bus ends up breaking down just short of their goal so they finish the trip in a GoCar , a small rental vehicle meant for tourists . The second section is a loosely scripted interview of Galifianakis 's brother `` Seth Galifianakis '' ( played by Galifianakis ) by Brian Unger . The DVD was released March 6 , 2007 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Bradley_Cooper", "title": "", "text": "American actor and producer Bradley Cooper has received several awards and nominations for his film and theatrical performances . His major nominations include four Academy Awards , two British Academy Film Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , seven MTV Movie Awards , one Producers Guild Award , three Satellite Awards , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and one Tony Award . While Cooper 's film career began in 2001 with the cult film Wet Hot American Summer , his breakthrough performance came in the 2009 comedy The Hangover . Cooper was nominated for an MTV Movie Award and a Satellite Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture . However , Cooper also won a Golden Raspberry Award that same year for his performance in All About Steve . The next two years saw Cooper receive nominations for his performances in various action and comedy films like The A-Team ( 2010 ) , Limitless , and The Hangover Part II ( both in 2011 ) . Cooper began 2012 with a Teen Choice Award nomination for The Words , before playing the role of Pat Solitano in the critically acclaimed romantic comedy-drama Silver Linings Playbook . The film garnered numerous accolades , with Cooper winning an MTV Movie Award , while receiving nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor . The following year , Cooper played the supporting role of Richie DiMaso , in the crime-comedy American Hustle . The film was a critical success , and garnered several accolades . Cooper was nominated for an Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Movie Award , and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor , but did not win any . In 2014 , Cooper received two nominations for his role as Rocket in the superhero film Guardians of the Galaxy . Later that year , he starred in and co-produced the biographical war film American Sniper . Cooper was nominated for an Academy Award and MTV Movie Award for Best Actor , and an Academy Award for Best Picture . With these nominations , Cooper became only the tenth actor in history to receive an Academy Award nomination in three consecutive years . Although Cooper 's roles in the 2015 films Aloha and Joy earned him two additional nominations , his performance as the severely deformed Joseph Merrick in the Broadway revival The Elephant Man garnered more recognition . His performance in The Elephant Man landed him four nominations , including a nod for a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play ." }, { "docid": "Norm_of_the_North", "title": "", "text": "Norm of the North is a 2016 American computer-animated comedy-adventure film directed by Trevor Wall and written by Daniel R. Altiere , Steven M. Altiere , and Malcolm T. Goldman . It features the voices of Rob Schneider as the title character , Heather Graham , Ken Jeong , Colm Meaney , Loretta Devine , Gabriel Iglesias , Michael McElhatton , and Bill Nighy . The UK version features James Corden . It was co-produced by Assemblage Entertainment , Splash Entertainment and Telegael , and distributed by Lionsgate . The film was released on January 15 , 2016 , and grossed $ 27.4 million on an $ 18 million budget . The film received negative reviews from critics and viewers , and temporarily held a rating of 0 % on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes ." }, { "docid": "The_Comedians_of_Comedy", "title": "", "text": "The Comedians of Comedy is a stand-up comedy tour featuring alternative comedians Patton Oswalt , Zach Galifianakis , Brian Posehn and Maria Bamford that was documented in a 2005 film and 2005 Comedy Central television series of the same name , both directed by Michael Blieden . After Zach Galifianakis left the tour , he was replaced by comedian Eugene Mirman ." }, { "docid": "Stealing_Cars", "title": "", "text": "Stealing Cars is a 2015 American crime drama film directed by Bradley J. Kaplan and written by Will Aldis and Steve Mackall . The film stars Emory Cohen , Mike Epps , Felicity Huffman , William H. Macy , and John Leguizamo . The film was premiered at Los Angeles Film Festival on June 13 , 2015 ." } ]
9622	Steven Tyler was active in the early 1980s.	[ { "docid": "Steven_Tyler", "title": "", "text": "Steven Tyler ( born Steven Victor Tallarico ; March 26 , 1948 ) is an American singer-songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , and former television music competition judge , best known as the lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith , in which he also plays the harmonica , and occasional piano and percussion . He is known as the `` Demon of Screamin ' '' due to his high screams and his wide vocal range . He is also known for his on-stage acrobatics . During his high-energy performances , Tyler usually dresses in bright , colorful outfits with his trademark scarves hanging from his microphone stand . In the 1970s , Tyler rose to prominence as the lead singer of Aerosmith , which released such milestone hard rock albums as Toys in the Attic and Rocks , along with a string of hit singles , including `` Dream On '' , `` Sweet Emotion '' and `` Walk This Way '' . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , Tyler had a heavy drug and alcohol addiction and the band 's popularity waned . Tyler and bandmate Joe Perry became known as the `` Toxic Twins '' due to their drug abuse . In 1986 , Tyler completed drug rehabilitation and Aerosmith rose to prominence again when Tyler and Perry joined Run -- D.M.C. for a re-make of the classic Aerosmith song `` Walk This Way '' , which became a Top 5 hit . Aerosmith subsequently launched a remarkable comeback with the multi-platinum albums Permanent Vacation , Pump , Get a Grip and Nine Lives , which produced a combined thirteen Top 40 singles and won the band numerous awards . During this time , the band embarked on their longest and most extensive concert tours , promoted their singles with conceptual music videos and made notable appearances in television , film and video games . In the wake of this success , Tyler emerged as one of the most enduring rock icons . Since the late 1980s , he has embarked on several solo endeavors including guest appearances on other artists ' music ( working with artists as diverse as Alice Cooper , Mötley Crüe , Santana , Pink and Keith Anderson ) , film and TV roles ( including as a judge on American Idol and several cameo and guest appearances in other programs and films ) , authoring a bestselling book and solo work ( including the Top 40 hit single '' ( It ) Feels So Good '' in 2011 ) . While tension with his Aerosmith bandmates boiled in 2009 and 2010 after he fell off the stage at a concert , had a relapse with prescription drugs ( which he successfully received treatment for in 2009 ) , and signed on to American Idol without telling his bandmates , Tyler has continued to record music and perform with Aerosmith , after more than 46 years in the band . In May 2015 , Tyler released the country single `` Love Is Your Name '' , followed by the second single `` Red , White & You '' in January 2016 ; his debut solo album , We 're All Somebody from Somewhere , was released on July 15 , 2016 . Tyler is included among Rolling Stone 's 100 Greatest Singers . He was ranked third on Hit Parader 's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Aerosmith and in 2013 , Tyler and his songwriting partner Joe Perry received the ASCAP Founders Award and were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Tallarico", "title": "", "text": "Tallarico can refer to the following people : Steven Tyler , American musician ( born Steven Victor Tallarico ) Mia Tyler , American model , actress , and daughter to Steven Tyler ( born Mia Abagale Tallarico ) Tommy Tallarico , American video game composer Tony Tallarico , American comic book artist" }, { "docid": "Andy_Hilfiger", "title": "", "text": "Andy Hilfiger ( Andrew Charles Hilfiger ) is an American business man in the fashion industry and a musician . He is the creative director and namesake of Andrew Charles , a rock 'n' roll inspired fashion line , of which Steven Tyler is the face . Andy Hilfiger 's first job was at 12 years when he began selling jeans in his brother Tommy Hilfiger 's store . Andy 's other love is music and he has been playing bass guitar since he was a teen . In 1982 Andy moved to Manhattan from upstate New York where he began to further pursue music . Andy toured with members of the Ramones , Kid Rock , and Blue Öyster Cult . In the 1990s , Andy started a division at Tommy Hilfiger USA , Inc. styling and dressing some of Hollywood 's movie stars and rock and pop musicians and sponsoring concert tours . Andy also started the accessories division for Tommy Hilfiger USA , Inc. , where he designed hats , bags and outerwear , creating a multimillion-dollar business . After a decade of work at Tommy Hilfiger USA , Inc Andy started a new company called Sweet Face Fashion where Andy played a major role in launching the JLO by Jennifer Lopez brand . Andy eventually helped to build the company to gross $ 250 million in sales and launched the fragrance Glow by J.Lo . Currently , Andy is a partner in Star Branding , along with Tommy Hilfiger , Bernt Ullmann , and Joe Lamastra . Star Branding is a partner with Li & Fung USA in a company called MESH , under which the Andrew Charles fashion line was developed . Andrew Charles launched in the Impulse department of select Macy 's stores and on macys.com in Fall 2011 . It consists of a menswear line , inspired by Steven Tyler , and a women 's collection inspired by 1970s bohemian styles . Steven Tyler and his daughter , Chelsea Tyler , are the faces of the Andrew Charles advertising campaign and have made appearances at select Macy 's stores to promote the brand . Andy has also developed a line of scarves with Steven Tyler for Andrew Charles called Rock Scarf . During the 1980s , Andy played bass guitar in the band King Flux , which consisted of his brother Billy Hilfiger , Richie Stotts of the Plasmatics , and Marky Ramone . Other lineups for this band included Tony Petri from Twisted Sister and Albert Bouchard of Blue Öyster Cult . Andy currently plays bass for the X Brothers along with Joe Bouchard of Blue Öyster Cult . The X Brothers have released two albums to date and are currently recording their third ." }, { "docid": "Buzz_Tyler", "title": "", "text": "Buzz Tyler is a retired American professional wrestler who competed in North American regional promotions during the 1970s and 1980s including the National Wrestling Alliance , most notably teaming with J.J. Dillon and `` Bulldog '' Bob Brown in NWA Central States during the early 1980s ." }, { "docid": "Walk_This_Way", "title": "", "text": "`` Walk This Way '' is a song by the American hard rock band Aerosmith . Written by Steven Tyler and Joe Perry , the song was originally released as the second single from the 1975 album Toys in the Attic . It peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1977 , part of a string of successful hit singles for the band in the 1970s . In addition to being one of the songs that helped break Aerosmith into the mainstream in the 1970s , it also helped revitalize their career in the 1980s when it was covered by rappers Run -- D.M.C. on their 1986 album Raising Hell . This cover was a touchstone for the new musical subgenre of rap rock , or the melding of rock and hip hop . It became an international hit and won both groups a Soul Train Music Award for Best Rap -- Single in 1987 ." }, { "docid": "Mary_Tyler_Moore", "title": "", "text": "Mary Tyler Moore ( December 29 , 1936 -- January 25 , 2017 ) was an American actress , known for her roles in the television sitcoms The Mary Tyler Moore Show ( 1970 -- 1977 ) , in which she starred as Mary Richards , a single woman working as a local news producer in Minneapolis , and The Dick Van Dyke Show ( 1961 -- 1966 ) , in which she played Laura Petrie , a former dancer turned Westchester homemaker , wife and mother . Her film work includes 1967 's Thoroughly Modern Millie and 1980 's Ordinary People , in which she played a role that was very different from the television characters she had portrayed , and for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress . Due to her roles on both The Mary Tyler Moore Show and The Dick Van Dyke Show , in which her characters often broke from stereotypical images of women and pushed gender norms , Moore became a cultural icon and served as an inspiration for many younger actresses , professional women , and feminists . She was later active in charity work and various political causes , particularly the issues of animal rights and diabetes . She was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes early in the run of The Mary Tyler Moore Show . She also suffered from alcoholism , which she wrote about in her first of two memoirs . In May 2011 , Moore underwent elective brain surgery to remove a benign meningioma . She died from cardiopulmonary arrest due to pneumonia at the age of 80 on January 25 , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "What_Kind_of_Love_Are_You_On", "title": "", "text": "`` What Kind of Love Are You On '' is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith . The song , originally a track left off the Nine Lives album , was included on Armageddon : The Album for the 1998 film Armageddon starring lead singer Steven Tyler 's daughter Liv Tyler . The song , was released as a promotional single to rock radio , reaching # 4 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . It was written by Steven Tyler , guitarist Joe Perry and outside songwriters Jack Blades and Tommy Shaw ( both formerly of Damn Yankees ) . It is the second song written for the film , the other being `` I Do n't Want to Miss a Thing '' . Category :1998 singles Category : Aerosmith songs Category : Songs written by Tommy Shaw Category : Songs written by Jack Blades Category : Songs written by Steven Tyler Category : Songs written by Joe Perry ( musician ) Category : Columbia Records singles Category :1998 songs Category : Song recordings produced by Matt Serletic Category : Hard rock songs" }, { "docid": "Charles_A._Stevens", "title": "", "text": "Charles Abbot Stevens ( August 9 , 1816 -- April 7 , 1892 ) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts , brother of Moses Tyler Stevens and cousin of Isaac Ingalls Stevens ." }, { "docid": "Lord_of_the_Thighs", "title": "", "text": "`` Lord of the Thighs '' is a song performed by American rock band Aerosmith . It was written by frontman Steven Tyler , and released on the band 's 1974 album Get Your Wings . Drummer Joey Kramer has said it is his favorite song to perform live . Kramer and singer Steven Tyler have each said that he alone was the subject of the song 's title . The song has remained a live staple since its release ." }, { "docid": "Ron_Stevens_(canoeist)", "title": "", "text": "Ronaldus Cornelis `` Ron '' Stevens ( born February 15 , 1959 in Lienden , Gelderland ) is a Dutch sprint canoer who competed in the early to mid-1980s . He won a silver in the K-2 10000 m event at the 1982 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Belgrade . Stevens also competed in two Summer Olympics , earning his best finish of seventh in the K-2 1000 m event at Moscow in 1980 ." }, { "docid": "Frank_Doggett", "title": "", "text": "Frank Aristides Doggett ( May 4 , 1906 -- September 9 , 2002 ) was an educator in the Duval County Florida school system and an independent scholar who was an early authority on the American Modernist poet , Wallace Stevens . He was born in Jacksonville , Florida , earned a Bachelor 's degree at Rollins College in Winter Park , Florida and his Master 's degree at Emory University . He received an honorary doctorate of letters from the University of Florida in 1967 for his contributions toward the understanding of Stevens ' work . Doggett wrote numerous essays and two books on Stevens , Stevens ' Poetry of Thought ( Johns Hopkins University Press 1966 ) and , Wallace Stevens , The Making of the Poem ( Johns Hopkins University Press 1980 ) . He co-edited Wallace Stevens : A Celebration ( Princeton University Press 1980 ) with Robert Buttel of Temple University ." }, { "docid": "Deuces_Are_Wild", "title": "", "text": "`` Deuces Are Wild '' is a song performed by American hard rock band Aerosmith . It was written by lead singer Steven Tyler and professional songwriter Jim Vallance . It was originally considered for inclusion on the Pump album in 1989 . The song eventually surfaced as a track on the compilation album The Beavis and Butt-Head Experience in late 1993 , and was released as a promotional single in early 1994 . The single was successful on rock radio , topping the U.S. Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for four weeks in the spring of 1994 and reaching # 25 in Canada . Vallance wrote the music for the song in 1988 and recorded a demo in his home studio . The demo was sent to the band on a cassette that included other potential Aerosmith songs , including `` The Other Side '' . According to Vallance , Geffen A&R rep John Kalodner liked the music and Tyler 's lyrics , but did not like the song 's title . Vallance and Tyler refused to change it , and Kalodner responded by nixing the song from Pump . Vallance noted that he believed that the released version was simply his home demo with overdubs by Tyler , Joe Perry , and Joey Kramer , rather than being a complete Aerosmith recording . `` Deuces are Wild '' was included on the band 's 1994 compilation for Geffen Records , Big Ones . It was also included on the 2001 compilation album Young Lust : The Aerosmith Anthology , Aerosmith 's career-spanning two-disc compilation O , Yeah ! Ultimate Aerosmith Hits in 2002 , the 2007 compilation 20th Century Masters : The Millennium Collection - The Best of Aerosmith , and 2011 's Tough Love : Best of the Ballads ." }, { "docid": "Cats_Laughing", "title": "", "text": "Cats Laughing is a folk rock band , founded in the late 1980s in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and revived in 2015 . Several of its members , including Emma Bull and best-selling author Steven Brust , are better known as writers of fantasy and science fiction . The group released two studio albums and remained active through the early 1990s . After a hiatus of two decades , a reunion concert took place in April 2015 , later released as the live double CD A Long Time Gone ( 2016 ) , with a concert DVD released under the same title ." }, { "docid": "Rats_in_the_Cellar", "title": "", "text": "`` Rats in the Cellar '' is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith . It was released as the third track from the album Rocks in 1976 . It has been stated by Steven Tyler that it is the ` shadow ' of their other song `` Toys In the Attic '' from their previous album . It was released as a promo single for Rocks . `` Rats in the Cellar '' is a playable track in the video game Guitar Hero : Aerosmith and as downloadable content for Rock Band 4 in 2015 . Category : Aerosmith songs Category : Song recordings produced by Jack Douglas ( record producer ) Category : Songs written by Steven Tyler Category : Songs written by Joe Perry ( musician ) Category :1976 songs Category : Hard rock songs" }, { "docid": "Bob_James_(rock_singer)", "title": "", "text": "Robert Dennis ( Bob ) James ( born 1952 ) is an American singer and songwriter best known for his work with the band Montrose . Born in Struthers , Ohio , James moved to the South Bay area of Los Angeles in 1963 . His early bands included David Pack ( Ambrosia ) , Joe Puerta ( Ambrosia ) , Robert Fleischman ( Journey ) , and Marc Droubay ( Survivor ) . In early 1975 he was chosen by Ronnie Montrose as the replacement for vocalist Sammy Hagar in the band Montrose and is featured as lead vocalist and co-songwriter on the Montrose albums Warner Brothers Presents ... Montrose ! ( 1975 ) and Jump On It ( 1976 ) . After leaving Montrose in early 1977 he reunited with his pre-Montrose original band Swan who recorded demos at Capitol Records with Montrose engineer Charles Faris and performed live in the Los Angeles area . In 1978 he relocated to New York to join the Anglo-American group ` Magnet ' who were mentored by Danny Goldberg , Phil DeHaviland , Jerry Moss , and Peter Frampton . Magnet featured Frampton 's former Humble Pie bandmate Jerry Shirley on drums , and released the album Worldwide Attraction on the A&M label in 1979 . During this period James was approached by Aerosmith manager David Krebs as a possible replacement for Steven Tyler . Circa 1981 , following the dissolution of Magnet , James formed the Los Angeles based group Private Army featuring former Cheap Trick member Pete Comita on guitar and the future Quiet Riot rhythm section of bassist Rudy Sarzo and drummer Frankie Banali . By early 1982 Private Army had disbanded and James relocated to Chicago to form ` USSA ' with Private Army guitarist Pete Comita , future Ozzy Osbourne/M ötley Crüe drummer Randy Castillo and ex-Pezband guitarist Tommy Gawenda . His USSA-era composition `` Reach Out '' was recorded by Cheap Trick and appears on the 1981 Heavy Metal movie soundtrack . By the fall of 1982 he had left USSA and returned to Los Angeles where he remained active throughout the remainder of the 1980s and early 1990s as a songwriter and performer before turning his focus to mechanical engineering , engineering management , and real estate investing . After nearly three decades of professional silence , in July 2013 James filmed a music video for his original composition `` Diamond in the Rough '' which can be seen on YouTube . His son Brendan Willing James ( b. 1979 ) is bassist & vocalist with the band Grizfolk ." }, { "docid": "Moses_T._Stevens", "title": "", "text": "Moses Tyler Stevens ( October 10 , 1825 in North Andover , Massachusetts -- March 25 , 1907 ) was an American textile manufacturer and a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts ." }, { "docid": "Richard_Stevens_(tennis)", "title": "", "text": "Richard Stevens was an American tennis player active in the late 19th century and early 20th century . Stevens reached the quarterfinals of the U.S. National Championships six times : in 1892 , 1893 , 1894 , 1896 , 1898 and 1905 . He won the Middle States Championships two years in a row in 1892 and 1893 ." }, { "docid": "Ralph_Waldo_Tyler", "title": "", "text": "Ralph Waldo Tyler ( 1860 -- 1921 ) was an African-American journalist , war correspondent , government official , and race man . He strove for racial justice in the United States and served as the only accredited Black foreign correspondent specifically reporting on African-American servicemen stationed in France during World War I. His career began in his hometown of Columbus , Ohio , in the late 1880s , where he held several journalistic positions including editor of the Afro-American ; co-founding the short-lived African-American newspaper , The Free American ; contributing a Black news column and serving as society editor at the white-owned Columbus Evening Dispatch , and writing for The Ohio State Journal . Early on , his journalistic skills placed him in constant dialog with Black political and business leaders in the Midwest who were engaged in improving the social standing of African Americans at the height of the Jim Crow laws . In 1906 , Tyler actively campaigned for an appointment as United States consul to Brazil . His political activities drew the attention of prominent national Black figures . In 1907 , upon the advice of Booker T. Washington , Tyler was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt to fill the post of Auditor of the Department of the Navy . He held this post until 1913 , when during the first year of Woodrow Wilson 's presidency -- overlooking the advice of his colleagues -- Tyler published an article in the Washington Evening Star criticizing the President 's segregationist policies , such as the segregation of government offices . Soon afterward , Tyler 's governmental post under Wilson ended . Booker T. Washington and his Secretary , Emmett J. Scott , next recommended Tyler to be the National Organizer of the National Negro Business League ( NNBL ) , an organization founded by Washington to engage in documenting the state of Black businesses to promote an organized and active League membership . Tyler learned about the social conditions and concerns of Blacks throughout the country . His role at the NNBL entailed visiting and addressing local branches of the NNBL . His findings were reported in a 1914 syndicated column of the American Press Association , and his travels through the Southern U.S. enabled him to undertake a personal study of the Great Migration then in progress by blacks out of the rural South for the North and Midwest . These reports were eventually published in various U.S. magazines , journals , and newspapers . In 1917 , Tyler left this post to serve as secretary in another organization founded by Washington , the National Colored Soldiers ' Comfort Committee , which provided financial support for Black soldiers and their families . Following this position , Tyler was selected as the only African-American journalist to be stationed overseas and reporting on Black soldiers at the European front . In 1918 , a committee overseen by Emmett J. Scott , ( aka , Emmett Jay Scott ) who was serving as the Special Assistant to the U.S. Secretary of War , selected Tyler to be stationed in the northeast Metz region of France with General John J. Pershing 's brigade . Tyler 's reports were sent back to the U.S. , and edited and distributed by Scott to newspapers and journals nationally . Tyler reported from the trenches at the front in Northeastern Metz , France . Later Scott published several of Tyler 's reports in Scott 's Official History of the American Negro in The World War ( 1919 ) . Back in the States , Tyler 's reports provided first-hand accounts of the heroic deeds of Black soldiers and boosted the morale of the troops overseas . He also documented discrimination that the Black troops faced at the hands of white American organizations and service personnel , and contrasted it with the relatively unbiased treatment they received from the French . Following the war , Tyler returned to Ohio where he worked in journalism , becoming editor of the Cleveland Advocate in 1919 , associate editor of the Columbus Ohio State Monitor , and contributing articles to newspapers in New York and Chicago . Numerous letters of Tyler 's personal correspondence can be found at the Ohio Historical Society . The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture holds Tyler 's business letters and reports from his post as National Director of the National Negro Business League ." }, { "docid": "Radio_Active_(radio_series)", "title": "", "text": "Radio Active was a radio comedy programme , broadcast on BBC Radio 4 during the 1980s . The series grew out of a 1979 Edinburgh Festival Fringe show presented by The Oxford Revue and starred Angus Deayton , Geoffrey Perkins , Michael Fenton Stevens , Helen Atkinson-Wood and Philip Pope . The first episode was broadcast in 1980 , and it ran for seven series ." }, { "docid": "James_Tyler_(music)", "title": "", "text": "James Tyler ( August 3 , 1940 Hartford , Connecticut , USA -- November 23 , 2010 Los Angeles , California , USA ) was an American lutenist , banjoist , guitarist , composer , musicologist and author , who featured on over sixty early music recordings . He was born in Hartford , Connecticut , and initially studied the banjo ( classic 5-string and tenor ) and Mandolin with Walter K. Bauer , then the lute with Joseph Iadone - he also played the cello . As a lutenist , he performed and recorded with New York Pro Musica , and also toured and recorded as a banjoist with ` Max Morath and the Original Rag Quartet ' . In 1969 , his interest in early music took him to London where he married Joyce Geller . During the 1970s and 1980s , he performed and recorded in London with Anthony Rooley , Musica Reservata , the Consort of Musicke , the Julian Bream Consort and the Early Music Consort of London under David Munrow . He then founded his own ensemble , the ` London Early Music Group ' in 1977 , which lasted until 1990 . He composed music for BBC television productions of Shakespeare plays , and also made an appearance as a lutenist in the 1971 film , Mary Queen of Scots . In 1986 , he became professor of music and director of the master 's and doctoral degree programs in early music performance at the University of Southern California ( USC ) , a post he held until retiring in 2006 . Apart from the instruments mentioned , he was considered expert on the Renaissance and Baroque guitars . As a musicologist he travelled around Europe and the US researching and transcribing hundreds of early music works . He authored several books on early plucked instruments and their music ( see bibliography ) , and wrote articles for various publications . James Tyler died on November 23 , 2010 , after a short illness , aged 70 ." }, { "docid": "Shakin'_Stevens_discography", "title": "", "text": "The discography of Welsh rock and roll singer Shakin ' Stevens consists of twenty studio albums , twenty-one compilation albums , sixty-six singles , three box sets , five video albums and thirty-seven music videos . Although the singer enjoyed his greatest period of success throughout the 1980s while recording for Epic Records , during the 1970s he was the lead vocalist for Shakin ' Stevens and the Sunsets and had records issued by a variety of labels including Parlophone , CBS and Polydor in the UK and Pink Elephant and Dynamite in Europe . Shakin ' Stevens had his first entry in the UK Singles Chart with `` Hot Dog '' in 1980 and has had a total of thirty-three UK Top 40 hits , including four number one singles , and during the 1980s spent more weeks in the UK Singles Chart than any other artist . He also achieved number one singles in Ireland , Australia , Sweden , Austria , Norway , Switzerland and Poland as well as placing three albums in the Top 3 of the UK Albums Chart . Despite only a handful of new releases since the early 1990s , the advent of the digital download age has ensured an annual return to the UK Singles Chart for Stevens thanks to the enduring popularity of his seasonal hit `` Merry Christmas Everyone '' . A number of Shakin ' Stevens releases were not issued in his native UK . Where this is the case , the original country of release ( although not necessarily the sole country ) is indicated in parentheses ." }, { "docid": "Tyler_Botha", "title": "", "text": "Tyler Botha ( born 3 December 1980 ) is a South African skeleton racer who competed from 2003 to 2006 . He finished 21st in the men 's skeleton event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and was the flag bearer for the South African team in the closing ceremony . He is also a member the St Moritz Tobogganing Club in St Moritz , also known as the Cresta Run . Tyler is currently the second fastest rider from Junction , the Cresta 's lower starting point , with a time of 41.09 , and the fifth fastest rider from Top , the starting point for the full 1.2 km track with 50.64 seconds . Tyler 's most successful season on the Cresta was the 2010/11 season where he won 6 races including the Curzon Cup and Morgan Cup . He won his club colours in 2003 . Tyler is also a DJ , playing under the alias of T Minus . A Minimal and Techno purist , T-Minus is a DJ driven by creative and technological inspirations . Playing for over ten years , his style and sound has evolved from his early days playing Trance and Progressive house in Switzerland & the UK and has ushered in his firm interest for a sound that is more Minimal and Techno inspired ." }, { "docid": "Falling_in_Love_(Is_Hard_on_the_Knees)", "title": "", "text": "`` Falling in Love ( Is Hard on the Knees ) '' is a song performed by American hard rock band Aerosmith that appeared on the band 's 1997 album Nine Lives . The song was written by Steven Tyler , Joe Perry , and Glen Ballard , who had signed on to produce Nine Lives . Although he was dropped from the role halfway through production and replaced by Kevin Shirley , Ballard was still credited for his contributions to the album ; he also co-wrote `` Pink '' with Tyler and Perry and `` Taste of India '' with Tyler and Richard Supa ." }, { "docid": "Jonathan_Tyler", "title": "", "text": "Jonathan Tyler is a Green Party activist and academic . Tyler was an early parliamentary candidate for the Ecology Party , in the Walsall North by-election , 1976 , at a time when he was a transport lecturer at the University of Birmingham . He was the Ecology Party 's Chairman for some years from 1976 . Tyler would later go on to stand as a candidate in local elections . During the 1980s he was associated with attempts by the ` Maingreen ' group to streamline the Green Party 's internal workings . He subsequently left the Green Party , but rejoined some years later . Tyler joined British Rail as a Traffic Apprentice in 1962 . He became a British Rail-sponsored university lecturer and since 2000 has run a consultancy called Passenger Transport Networks . He has specialised in making the case for the importance of integrated strategic timetabling , drawing in particular on the Swiss Taktfahrplan methodology . The Taktfahrplan is based on repeating hourly cycles where trains meet at hubs around symmetry minutes ( normally xx .00 and xx .30 ) to optimise connections in all directions . To create an optimal ` Taktfahrplan ' system , infrastructure must be designed with the network timetable in mind . The ` Taktfahrplan ' aims to create notions of convenience and accessibility to encourage people to use public transport . Tyler has argued for a National Timetabling Authority to plan an integrated strategic timetable . Tyler has critiqued High Speed 2 from a `` green '' perspective and has written about the implications a `` green '' agenda should have for railway timetabling He chaired the York Environment Forum until 2010 . He is now a member of York Green Party and was the party 's Parliamentary Candidate for York Central in 2015 winning 10 % of the vote ." }, { "docid": "Back_On_the_Road_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Back On the Road Tour was a concert tour by American hard rock band Aerosmith , played for eighteen shows in Latin America and Japan in late 2011 . From late October to early November , the band performed ten shows in Latin America , with six shows scheduled in South America ( including the band 's first-ever performance in the countries of Ecuador and Paraguay ) , three shows in Mexico , and one show in Central America , where the band performed in Panama for the first time in their careers . Frontman Steven Tyler said of the tour , `` I 'm looking forward to sweating up a storm with the crazy Latin American fans . '' From late November to early December , the band also performed eight shows in Japan . This marked the band 's first performances in Japan in seven years ." }, { "docid": "William_Tyler", "title": "", "text": "William Tyler may refer to : William Seymour Tyler ( 1810 -- 1897 ) , historian William Tyler ( rugby ) , rugby player active c. 1907 -- 08 William R. Tyler ( 1910 -- 2003 ) , American diplomat William Tyler ( musician ) ( 1979 -- ) , American Folk musician William Tyler ( bishop ) ( 1806 -- 1849 ) , American Roman Catholic bishop of Hartford William Tyler ( architect ) ( 1728 -- 1801 ) , one of the founder members of the Royal Academy" }, { "docid": "Beebe_Steven_Lynk", "title": "", "text": "Beebe Steven Lynk ( 1917 -- 1948 ) was one of the first African-American women chemists and chemistry teachers . She was an active member of the early black women 's club movement , authoring a book , Advice to Colored Women in 1896 ." }, { "docid": "Somebody_(Aerosmith_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Somebody '' is the B-side to Aerosmith 's first single , `` Dream On '' , from their 1973 debut album , Aerosmith . Written by lead singer Steven Tyler and his friend Steven Emspak and released in June 1973 , its A-side peaked at number 59 nationally but hit big in the band 's native Boston , where it was the number 1 single of the year on the less commercial top 40 station , WBZ-FM , number 5 for the year on highly rated Top 40 WRKO-AM , and number 16 on heritage Top 40 WMEX-AM . `` Somebody '' is driven by a basic blues guitar riff and Tyler 's lyrics tell the story of a character trying to search for the woman of his dreams . The character is in need of someone who shares the work with him and has been through the same difficulties in their life as he has . Originally written in 1970 ." }, { "docid": "Tyler_Johnson", "title": "", "text": "Tyler Johnson may refer to : Tyler Johnson ( baseball ) ( born 1981 ) , American baseball player Tyler Johnson ( basketball ) ( born 1992 ) , American basketball player Tyler Johnson ( ice hockey ) ( born 1990 ) , American ice hockey player Tyler Johnson ( music ) ( active from 2012 ) , American record producer and songwriter" }, { "docid": "Félix_Stevens", "title": "", "text": "Félix Stevens ( born March 8 , 1964 ) is a retired male sprinter from Cuba , who competed in the 1980s and the early 1990s for his native country . He set his personal best in the men 's 200 metres event ( 20.24 ) on July 7 , 1989 at a meet in Sofia , Bulgaria ." }, { "docid": "Jim_O'Heir", "title": "", "text": "James O'Heir ( born February 4 , 1962 ) is an American actor and comedian best known for co-starring as Jerry Gergich on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation . O'Heir first became active in Chicago theater and improv during the late 1980s and early 1990s as part of the comedic theater troupe `` White Noise '' , and appeared in such plays as The Book of Blanche , Stumpy 's Gang and Ad-Nauseam with the group . O'Heir has appeared in several films and made guest appearances on such shows as Friends , Boston Legal , Malcolm in the Middle , Star Trek : Voyager , 3rd Rock from the Sun , ER , and Parenthood . In 2000 , he starred in a regular role in the Comedy Central series Strip Mall as Harvey Krudup , the unattractive husband of protagonist Tammi Tyler , who was played by Julie Brown . In 2009 , O'Heir became a regular supporting cast member of the NBC comedy series Parks and Recreation , playing Jerry Gergich ." } ]
161995	Wikipedia has articles in only english.	[ { "docid": "Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "Wikipedia ( -LSB- wɪkiˈpiːdiə -RSB- ) is a free online encyclopedia with the aim to allow anyone to edit articles . Wikipedia is the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet and is ranked among the ten most popular websites . Wikipedia is owned by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation . Wikipedia was launched on January 15 , 2001 , by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger . Sanger coined Wikipedia , a portmanteau of wiki and encyclopedia . There was only the English language version initially , but it quickly developed similar versions in other languages , which differ in content and in editing practices . With articles , the English Wikipedia is the largest of the more than 290 Wikipedia encyclopedias . Overall , Wikipedia consists of more than 40 million articles in more than 250 different languages and , , it had 18 billion page views and nearly 500 million unique visitors each month . As of March 2017 , Wikipedia has about forty thousand high-quality articles known as Featured Articles and Good Articles that cover vital topics . In 2005 , Nature published a peer review comparing 42 science articles from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia , and found that Wikipedia 's level of accuracy approached Encyclopædia Britannicas . Criticism of Wikipedia includes claims that it exhibits systemic bias , presents a mixture of `` truths , half truths , and some falsehoods '' , and that , in controversial topics , it is subject to manipulation and spin ." } ]	[ { "docid": "English_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The English Wikipedia is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia . Founded on 15 January 2001 , it is the first edition of Wikipedia and , as of July 2016 , has the most articles of any of the editions . As of , nearly % of articles in all Wikipedias belong to the English-language edition . This share has gradually declined from more than 50 percent in 2003 , due to the growth of Wikipedias in other languages . There are articles on the site ( live count ) . In October 2015 , the combined text of the English Wikipedia 's articles totalled 11.5 gigabytes when compressed . On 1 November 2015 , the English Wikipedia announced it had reached 5,000,000 articles and ran a special logo to reflect the milestone . The Simple English Wikipedia is a variation in which most of the articles use only basic English vocabulary . There is also the Old English ( Ænglisc / Anglo-Saxon ) Wikipedia ( angwiki ) . Community-produced news publications include The Signpost ." }, { "docid": "Uncyclopedia", "title": "", "text": "Uncyclopedia is a satirical website that parodies Wikipedia . Its logo , a hollow `` puzzle potato '' , parodies Wikipedia 's globe puzzle logo , and it styles itself `` the content-free encyclopedia '' , parodying Wikipedia 's slogan of `` the free encyclopedia '' . Founded in 2005 as an English-language wiki , the project spans over 75 languages . The English version has approximately 30,000 pages of content , second only to the Portuguese . Various styles of humour are used as a vehicle for parody , from sophisticated satire to simple sarcasm , along with structured in-jokes and frequent non sequiturs . The site has attracted media attention for its articles on controversial subjects including religion , prominent people , places , politics , and pseudoscience . Many Uncyclopedia articles contain graphics with a link to the corresponding Wikipedia article . A typical caption reads , `` For those without comedic tastes , the so-called experts at Wikipedia have an article about -LSB- subject in question -RSB- . ''" }, { "docid": "Simple_English_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Simple English Wikipedia is an English edition of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia , primarily written in Basic English and Special English . It was launched on November 17 , 2003 . It is one of five Wikipedias written in an Anglic language , the others being the English Wikipedia , the Pitkern-Norfuk Wikipedia , the Scots Wikipedia , and the Old English Wikipedia , though the last is largely unintelligible to speakers of the modern language . The site has the stated aim of providing an encyclopedia for `` people with different needs , such as students , children , adults with learning difficulties , and people who are trying to learn English '' . As of , the site contains over content pages , and has more than registered users , of whom are currently active . The articles on the Simple English Wikipedia are usually shorter than their English Wikipedia counterparts , typically presenting only basic information : Tim Dowling of The Guardian newspaper explained that `` the Simple English version tends to stick to commonly accepted facts '' . The interface is also more simply labeled ; for instance , the `` Random article '' link on the English Wikipedia is replaced with a `` Show any page '' link ; users are invited to `` change '' rather than `` edit '' pages ; clicking on a red link shows a `` not yet started '' message rather than the usual `` page does not exist '' . The project uses around 2,000 common English words , and is based on Basic English , an 850-word auxiliary international language created by Charles Kay Ogden in the 1920s . Simple English Wikipedia 's basic presentation style makes it ideal for beginners learning English . Its simpler word structure and syntax , while detracting from the raw information standpoint , can make the information easy to understand . Material from the Simple English Wikipedia forms the basis for One Encyclopedia per Child , a One Laptop per Child project . The English edition of the children 's wiki encyclopedia Vikidia has also been compared to the Simple English Wikipedia but is more targeted to younger readers rather than language learners ." }, { "docid": "Scots_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Scots Wikipedia ( Scots Wikipaedia ) is the Scots language version of Wikipedia , and is run by the Wikimedia Foundation . It was established on 23 June 2005 , and first reached 1,000 articles in February 2006 , and 5,000 articles in November 2010 . As of , it has about articles . The Scots Wikipedia is one of five Wikipedias written in an Anglic language , the others being the English Wikipedia , the Simple English Wikipedia , the Pitkern-Norfuk Wikipedia and the Old English Wikipedia , although the last is largely unintelligible to native English or Scots speakers ." }, { "docid": "The_Iraq_War:_A_Historiography_of_Wikipedia_Changelogs", "title": "", "text": "The Iraq War : A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs is a 12-volume set of printed books that shows every change made to the English Wikipedia article on the Iraq War from December 2004 to November 2009 and represents 12,000 changes in 7,000 printed pages . The books are an artistic visualization of the changes made to a particular article at Wikipedia . Only one copy was made , in 2010 , so the set has not been published and was not intended for sale . The author has stated that the books have been exhibited in galleries in the United States and in Europe ." }, { "docid": "Irish_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Irish Wikipedia ( Irish : Vicipéid na Gaeilge ) is the Irish-language version of Wikipedia , run by the Wikimedia Foundation and established in October 2003 , with the first article being written in January 2004 . The founder of Vicipéid was Gabriel Beecham . In September 2005 over 1600 articles had been written , with 173 contributors ( both regular and irregular ) having written material . By March 2007 , about 20 regular Wikipedians were writing articles , with up to seven thousand articles having been created . In November 2013 , it went over the 28,000 article mark , making it the 85th largest Wikipedia by article count . The Vicipéid now encompasses a wide range of subjects , including topics as diverse as philosophy , genetics , Aboriginal bark canoes and maritime terminology . The Vicipéid also draws ( with permission ) directly from Fréamh an Eolais , an Irish-language encyclopedia of science and technology . The Vicipéid has been favourably received by Irish-language media . In his paper on Putting the learning back into learning technology , Barry McMullin of Dublin City University suggested that while the Irish Wikipedia is never likely to contain as many articles as the Wikipedias in the world 's most widespread languages , it is still a useful resource . He felt that when seeking knowledge about certain topic areas it was likely to be more useful than the Wikipedias in English and other languages , because of its evolution to contain the only , primary or definitive Wikipedia articles in any language on those areas . Other academic sources have emphasised the site 's educational value . The role of the Vicipéid as an educational tool at tertiary level has been acknowledged in the context of Wikimedia use , involving projects supported by NUI Galway ." }, { "docid": "German_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The German Wikipedia ( deutschsprachige Wikipedia ) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia , a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia . Founded in March 2001 , it is the second-oldest and , with articles , at present ( 2017 ) the fourth-largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles , behind the English Wikipedia , the Swedish Wikipedia and the Cebuano Wikipedia . It has the second-largest number of edits . On 7 November 2011 , it became the second edition of Wikipedia , after the English edition , to exceed 100 million page edits ." }, { "docid": "Finnish_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Finnish Wikipedia ( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) is the edition of Wikipedia in the Finnish language . By article count , it is the 22th largest Wikipedia with about articles as of . Wikipedia is the only encyclopedia in Finnish which is still updated . The Finnish language project was started in late 2002 , but it remained at a very primitive stage until well into 2003 . The speed of development picked up somewhat after the MediaWiki software was upgraded to Phase III in late November , 2003 , and continued to increase steadily through 2004 . Despite the small number of native Finnish speakers and the high number of Finnish speakers who are also fluent in English , the Finnish Wikipedia is currently the 20th largest Wikipedia with over 250,000 articles . The ratio of Finnish language Wikipedia articles to the number of Finnish speakers is the 16th-largest at articles per 1000 speakers . These figures were based on Ethnologue 's estimate of 5,009,390 Finnish-speakers . In 2013 the reliability of the Finnish Wikipedia was investigated by the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat . The researchers used experts to evaluate quality of randomly selected 134 articles and found that 70 % of the articles scored well for accuracy ." }, { "docid": "French_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The French Wikipedia ( Wikipédia francophone , Wikipédia en français ) is the French language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia . This edition was started in March 2001 , and has articles as of , , making it the fifth-largest Wikipedia overall , after the English - , Dutch - , German - , Swedish - and Cebuano-language editions , the largest Wikipedia edition in a Romance language . It has the third-largest number of edits . It was also the third edition , after the English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia , to exceed 1 million encyclopedia articles : this occurred on 23 September 2010 . In April 2016 , the project had 4657 active editors who made at least five edits in that month . In 2008 , the French encyclopaedia , Quid , cancelled its 2008 edition , citing falling sales on competition from the French edition of Wikipedia . As of June 2014 , Wikipedia has an Alexa ranking of 6 and 5.06 % of those visits are to the French-language edition . As of , there are users , admins and files on the French Wikipedia . On December 2 , 2014 , the French-language Wikipedia encyclopedia became the 3rd linguistic edition by number of registered users since its creation , overtaking for the first time the German edition , with registered users , behind the English and Spanish language editions . According to a 2013 study by the Oxford Internet Institute , Ségolène Royal ( FR ) and unidentified flying object ( objet volant non identifié ) were the most controversial articles on the French Wikipedia ." }, { "docid": "Javanese_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "Javanese Wikipedia ( Javanese Wikipedia basa Jawa ) is the edition of Wikipedia in the Javanese language . Started on 8 March 2004 , the Javanese Wikipedia reached 10,000 articles on 3 May 2007 . As of December 27 , 2014 , it has more than 48,000 articles . The Indonesian media has discussed the Javanese Wikipedia . Although the Wikipedia logo was written in the Javanese script since the beginning of the edition , the articles themselves could only be written in the Roman script until 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Slovak_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Slovak Wikipedia ( Slovenská Wikipédia ) is the edition of Wikipedia in the Slovak language . It was started on before 23 September 2003 , only becoming active in the summer of 2004 . It cleared the 15,000-article mark in September 2005 and the 50,000-article mark in August 2006 and the 100,000 article mark in August 2008 . The Slovak Wikipedia has over 170,000 articles as of 28 March 2012 . It cleared the 200,000-article mark on 5 February 2015 . The Slovak Wikipedia is among the largest Slavic-language Wikipedia editions . There is a large amount of short bot-generated articles in the Slovak Wikipedia ." }, { "docid": "Lithuanian_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Lithuanian Wikipedia ( Lietuviškoji Vikipedija ) is the Lithuanian version of Wikipedia . It is the largest free Lithuanian internet encyclopedia . The Wikipedia started in 2003 , however gained a significant number of articles only in 2004 . On December 14 , 2005 , the Lithuanian Wikipedia reached 10,000 articles , and on February 26 , 2006 it reached 40,000 articles . The milestone of 50,000 articles was reached on August 1 , 2007 , and the next milestone , 100,000 articles , on January 18 , 2010 . As of , it has about articles ." }, { "docid": "Russian_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Russian Wikipedia is the Russian-language edition of Wikipedia . As of , , it has articles . It was started on 11 May 2001 . In October 2015 it became the sixth-largest Wikipedia by the number of articles . It has the fifth-largest number of edits . It is the largest Wikipedia written in any Slavic language , surpassing its nearest rival , the Polish Wikipedia , eightfold by the parameter of depth . In addition , the Russian Wikipedia is the largest Wikipedia written in Cyrillic or in a script other than Latin script . In April 2016 , the project had 3,377 active editors who made at least five edits in that month , ranking third behind the English and Spanish versions ." }, { "docid": "Italian_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Italian Wikipedia ( Wikipedia in italiano ) is the Italian-language edition of Wikipedia . This edition was created on May 11 , 2001 and first edited on June 11 , 2001 . As of it has articles and more than registered accounts . It is the 8th-largest Wikipedia by the number of articles ( after the English , Swedish , German , Dutch , French , Cebuano , and Russian editions ) ." }, { "docid": "Health_information_on_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The online encyclopedia Wikipedia has , since the late 2000s , served as a popular source for health information for both laypersons and , in many cases , health care practitioners . Health-related articles on Wikipedia are popularly accessed as results from search engines , which frequently deliver links to Wikipedia articles . Independent assessments have been made of the number and demographics of people who seek health information on Wikipedia , the scope of health information on Wikipedia , and the quality of the information on Wikipedia . The English-language Wikipedia was estimated in 2014 to hold around 25,000 articles on health-related topics . Across Wikipedia encyclopedias in all languages there were 155,000 health articles using 950,000 citations to sources and which collectively received 4.8 billion pageviews in 2013 . This amount of traffic makes Wikipedia one of the most consulted health resources in the world , or perhaps the most consulted resource ." }, { "docid": "Ossetian_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Ossetian Wikipedia is the Ossetian-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia . It was created on 28 February 2005 . With approximately articles , it is currently the - largest Wikipedia as measured by the number of articles . Since its creation , the Ossetian Wikipedia has been called `` what is perhaps the only website written entirely in Ossetian . '' On 3 March 2010 , the Ossetian Wikipedia made headlines in local newspapers for reaching a double milestone . The edition was 5 years old and had just passed the 5000 articles threshold ." }, { "docid": "Tagalog_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Tagalog Wikipedia ( Wikipediyang Tagalog ) is the Tagalog language edition of Wikipedia , which was launched on December 1 , 2003 . It has articles and is the 68th largest Wikipedia according to the number of articles as of , . This has fewer articles than the Cebuano Wikipedia , the largest Philippine-based language version of Wikipedia , which currently has more than articles and the Waray Wikipedia , which has more than articles . However , the Tagalog Wikipedia has an article depth of , compared to for the Waray Wikipedia and for the Cebuano Wikipedia , as of , . By active users , it has , compared to for the Cebuano Wikipedia and for the Waray language edition ." }, { "docid": "Print_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "Print Wikipedia is an art project by Michael Mandiberg that printed 106 of the 7,473 volumes of English Wikipedia as it existed on April 7 , 2015 and also included wallpaper displaying 1,980 additional volumes . A 36-volume index of all of the 7.5 million contributors to English Wikipedia is also part of the project . The table of contents takes up 91 700-page volumes . The printed volume only includes text of the articles . Images and references are not included . The project was shown at Denny Gallery in New York City in the summer of 2015 . Mandiberg originally thought of the project in 2009 but ran into technical difficulties . He then engaged an assistant , Jonathan Kirinathan , to aid with the programming of the code to compile , format and upload an entire English Wikipedia download . The print files were uploaded to self book publisher Lulu.com and are available for printout as paper volumes . Mandiberg 's motivation was to answer the question , `` How big is it ? '' For a big data entity , its size is on the threshold of what can be perceived as a collection of volumes , but not so large as to overwhelm one 's senses , such as the data files of Facebook or the NSA . Katherine Maher , chief communications officer of the Wikimedia Foundation , has described it as `` a gesture at knowledge '' . It has also been described as a `` futile grand gesture '' . Wikimedia has cooperated with the project and Lulu.com has helped fund it . The task took three years , and the upload process took 24 days , 3 hours and 18 minutes . It was completed on 12 July 2015 . PediaPress had attempted to raise money for a full English Wikipedia print out on Indiegogo in 2014 , but the project was pulled . Mandiberg estimates that the printing costs of a full printout are around $ 500,000 . The Denny art exhibit featured only a selection of actually printed volumes with about 2000 of the other volumes represented as spines on the wall . The show revolved around the actual upload of the print files to Lulu.com ." }, { "docid": "Welsh_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Welsh Wikipedia ( Welsh : Wicipedia Cymraeg or plain Wicipedia ) is the Welsh-language edition of Wikipedia . This edition was started in July 2003 . On 23 June 2007 it reached 10,000 articles , the 66th Wikipedia to do so . On 20 November 2008 it attained 20,000 articles . Less than a year later , on 28 October 2009 , it reached 25,000 articles . In July 2013 it reached 50,000 articles and is now the 62nd largest Wikipedia edition . It is the only internet resource of its kind in Welsh , has an average of 2.7 million hits every month making it the most popular Welsh language website ; it therefore has an important place in Welsh language online culture . The Welsh Wikipedia has been growing at a considerable rate , for its size , over the last few years , with over 10,000 articles created in less than 18 months in the period June 2007 -- November 2008 , doubling its total . It has been referred to in the Welsh-language current affairs magazine Golwg and Y Faner Newydd , and is listed by the National Library of Wales as a Welsh-language e-resource . In an August 2007 interview , Jimmy Wales , co-founder of Wikipedia , used the Welsh Wikipedia as an example of the rationale for having Wikipedias in smaller languages : A direct link to the Welsh Wikipedia has been added to the Getting Started page of the Welsh-language version of the Mozilla Firefox web browser where it appears as the first of four recommended websites , above the National Library of Wales . In September 2012 `` Wici Cymru '' was formed ; this is a society whose aim is to develop Wikipedia in Wales . By October , BAFTA-winning actor Rhys Ifans had become its Patron ." }, { "docid": "Basque_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Basque Wikipedia ( Euskarazko Wikipedia or Euskal Wikipedia in Basque ) is the Basque language edition of Wikipedia . Founded on December 6 , 2001 ( although its main page was created in November 2003 ) and reaching 58,124 articles by August 19 , 2010 , making it the 45th-largest Wikipedia . As of , it has active contributors , of which are administrators , and has about articles . In an August 2007 interview , Jimmy Wales , co-founder of Wikipedia , used the Basque Wikipedia as an example of the rationale for having Wikipedias in smaller languages : `` Certainly within Wikipedia right now we are seeing some fairly successful projects in small European languages . You do n't really need a Welsh language Wikipedia , perhaps . The number of people who speak Welsh who do n't also speak English is very small and getting smaller every year . So why do we have a Welsh Wikipedia ? Well , people wanted it , so they 're making it . And language preservation is the main motive . It is their mother tongue and they want to keep it alive , keep its literature alive . Certainly some of the larger small languages like Basque and Catalan have very successful projects . I definitely see that preserving parts of your language and culture through collaborative projects makes a lot of sense . '' On January 25 , 2008 , the Basque Wikipedia was awarded the Argia Saria granted by the magazine Argia in the category of Internet . On May 21 , 2011 , Basque Wikipedia published its 100,000 article , an article about the prohibition of using Basque language throughout history called Euskararen debekua . In December 2011 , around 11,000 new articles were added to Basque Wikipedia by the Culture Ministry of the Basque Government ." }, { "docid": "List_of_hospitals_in_Chile", "title": "", "text": "There are 425 hospitals in Chile . 54 % of hospitals are private and the remaining 46 % are public . This is a list of hospitals in Chile . Where there is not an article in the English Wikipedia , but it in the Spanish Wikipedia , the Spanish Wikipedia article link has been included as a parenthetical clickable link , ( es ) ." }, { "docid": "Slovene_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Slovene Wikipedia ( Slovenska Wikipedija ) is the Slovene-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia . It has been active since 26 February 2002 . In July 2007 , it has reached 50,000 articles . As of , it has about articles . Wikipedia is a widely used reference work and one of the most visited social networking services by users from Slovenia , but official internet usage statistics do n't distinguish between Wikipedia editions , analyzing only the base domain wikipedia.org . In most cases , the Slovene-language edition gets a passing note of its existence in media reports about Wikipedia in general . However , as a relatively large and freely accessible body of structured knowledge , Slovene Wikipedia has been used , as an example , for building text corpora for the purpose of training linguistic software and analyzing Slovene literary authors ' web presence . There are several successful collaboration projects with professors at the University of Ljubljana , using content creation by students as a teaching method . Active Wikipedians from Slovenia have also been featured in discussions about Wikipedia ( both general and Slovene-language specific ) in national media ." }, { "docid": "Bengali_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Bengali Wikipedia ( বাংলা উইকিপিডিয়া , Bānglā u ` ikipiḍiẏā ) is the Bengali language version of Wikipedia , run by the Wikimedia Foundation . It also has a phonetic Latin alphabet to Bengali script tool so Latin alphabet keyboards can be used to type Bengali without downloading any software . Bengali Wikipedia surpassed 10,000 articles in October 2006 , becoming the second South-Asian language to do so . Also , as of November 13 , 2009 , it was the 67th largest Wikipedia by article count ( with more than 20,500 articles ) . , it has over 33,000 articles and is the 76th largest Wikipedia by article count . In , total article crossed articles . The total article count of the Bengali Wikipedia currently stands at a figure of articles ." }, { "docid": "List_of_castles_in_France", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of castles in France , arranged by Region and Department . Notes The French word château has a wider meaning than the English castle : it includes architectural entities that are properly called palaces , mansions or vineyards in English . This list focuses primarily on architectural entities that may be properly termed castle or fortress ( château-fort ) , and excludes entities not built around a substantial older castle that is still evident . Occasionally , where there is not a specific article on a castle , links are given to another article that includes details , typically an article on a town . Italics indicate links to articles in the French Wikipedia . If no article appears in either English or French Wikipedias , a link is given to an external website . The number in parentheses after the name of each department indicates the department number used for administrative purposes ." }, { "docid": "Breton_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Breton Wikipedia ( Wikipedia e brezhoneg ) is the Breton language version of Wikipedia , run by the Wikimedia Foundation . It was established in June 2004 ; as of August 2008 it had over 20,000 articles , making it the 56th largest Wikipedia by article count . It reached 30,000 articles milestone on October 25 , 2009 ranking 51st out of 250 languages Wikipedias ; as of February 2010 it had over 31,000 articles , making it the 52nd largest Wikipedia by article count and as April 2011 it had over 37,000 articles , making it the 52nd largest Wikipedia by article count . In July 2014 the encyclopedia reached 50,000 articles , becoming the 71st largest Wikipedia by article count . On January 1 , 2017 , it had just over 60,000 articles , making it the 73rd largest Wikipedia by article count . It is also the second largest Wikipedia edition in a Celtic language , after the Welsh Wikipedia but ahead of the Irish Wikipedia ( even though that language has far more speakers ) . The articles are written in the Peurunvan orthography . Some Diwan students contributed founding Wikipedian clubs ." }, { "docid": "Latin_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Latin Wikipedia ( Vicipaedia Latina ) is the Latin language edition of Wikipedia . The number of articles reached 125,669 on 12 December 2016 . As of , it has about articles . While all primary content is in Latin , in discussions modern languages such as English , Italian , French , German or Spanish are often used , since many users ( usores ) find this easier . Professional Latinists have observed a gradual improvement in the encyclopedia : according to Robert Gurval , chairman of the UCLA classics department , `` the articles that are good are in fact very good , '' though some contributors do not write the language perfectly ." }, { "docid": "Notability_in_the_English_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "In the English version of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia , notability is a criterion to determine whether a topic merits a separate wikipedia article . It is described in the guideline In general , notability is an attempt to assess whether the topic has `` gained sufficiently significant attention by the world at large and over a period of time as evidenced by significant coverage in reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic ." }, { "docid": "Dutch_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Dutch Wikipedia ( Nederlandstalige Wikipedia ) is the Dutch-language edition of the free online encyclopedia , Wikipedia . It was started in June 2001 . As of , the Dutch Wikipedia is the third-largest Wikipedia edition , with articles . It was the fourth Wikipedia edition to exceed 1 million articles , after the English , German and French editions . In April 2016 , 1154 active editors made at least five edits in that month ." }, { "docid": "Yoruba_Wikipedia", "title": "", "text": "The Yoruba Wikipedia is the Yoruba language edition of Wikipedia . Begun in October 2002 , it now has articles , making it the 92nd largest Wikipedia . Yoruba Wikipedia has been one of the top 3 or 4 African language Wikipedias in terms of number of articles since about 2008 . A surge in number of new articles in 2011 brought the Yoruba Wikipedia article count to over 30,000 , making it for a time the largest African language Wikipedia . At Wikimania 2012 , Jimmy Wales recognized the main contributor with the second annual `` Jimbo Award . ''" }, { "docid": "Nupedia", "title": "", "text": "Nupedia was an English-language Web-based encyclopedia whose articles were written by volunteer contributors with appropriate subject matter expertise , reviewed by expert editors before publication and licensed as free content . It was founded by Jimmy Wales and underwritten by Bomis , with Larry Sanger as editor-in-chief . Nupedia lasted from October 1999 until September 2003 . It is mostly known now as the predecessor of Wikipedia , but Nupedia had a seven-step approval process to control content of articles before being posted , rather than live wiki-based updating . Nupedia was designed by committee , with experts to predefine the rules , and it approved only 21 articles in its first year , compared to Wikipedia posting 200 articles in the first month , and 18,000 in the first year . Unlike Wikipedia , Nupedia was not a wiki ; it was instead characterized by an extensive peer-review process , designed to make its articles of a quality comparable to that of professional encyclopedias . Nupedia wanted scholars ( ideally with PhDs ) to volunteer content . Before it ceased operating , Nupedia produced 25 approved articles that had completed its review process ( three articles also existed in two versions of different lengths ) , and 74 more articles were in progress . Jimmy Wales preferred Wikipedia 's easier posting of articles , but Larry Sanger wanted to control content at Nupedia and founded Citizendium instead . In June 2008 , CNET UK listed Nupedia as one of the greatest defunct websites in the still young internet history , noting how the strict control had limited the posting of articles ." } ]
56637	Ellyse Perry is a man.	[ { "docid": "2010_ICC_Women's_World_Twenty20", "title": "", "text": "The 2010 ICC Women 's World Twenty20 was an international Twenty20 cricket tournament which was held in the West Indies from 5 May to 16 May 2010 . The group stage matches were played at the Warner Park Sporting Complex on Saint Kitts . It was won by Australia , who defeated New Zealand in the final . Nicola Browne was named as player of the tournament ." }, { "docid": "Ellyse_Perry", "title": "", "text": "Ellyse Alexandra Perry ( born 3 November 1990 ) is an Australian sportswoman who made her debut for both the Australian cricket and the Australian women 's national soccer team at the age of 16 . She played her first cricket international in July 2007 before earning her first soccer cap for Australia a month later . Perry is the youngest person to represent Australia in cricket and the first Australian to have appeared in both cricket and soccer World Cups . Perry was fast-tracked to make her One Day International ( ODI ) debut for Australia against New Zealand , three months before playing a single match for her state New South Wales in the Women 's National Cricket League ( WNCL ) . In 2007 -- 08 , she made her debut for New South Wales and won the WNCL with them , and at the end of the season , she made her Test debut in Bowral against England . During the season , she was the player of the match in her Twenty20 international debut against England , and made her maiden ODI half-century against New Zealand . Perry took 4/23 in the final of the 2008 -- 09 WNCL to help New South Wales defend their title . She then took nine wickets as Australia came fourth in the 2009 World Cup held in Australia . She was ineffective during the 2009 ICC Women 's World Twenty20 in England , taking only two wickets in Australia 's four matches . In 2009 -- 10 , Perry took 22 wickets and scored 148 runs as New South Wales won the WNCL again . She then took 18 wickets in 10 ODIs against New Zealand at the end of the season , as the Australians won all the matches . During these matches , Perry took her maiden five-wicket ODI haul . Perry played in each of Australia 's matches at the 2010 World Twenty20 in the West Indies , taking 3/18 and being named player of the match in the final as Australia defeated New Zealand by three runs to claim the title . A defender , Perry represented Australia at the 2008 Asian Cup , and scored in one of the matches . She played for the Central Coast Mariners in the Australian W-League during the 2008 -- 09 season , before transferring to Canberra United the following year . In June 2010 , Perry began her media career by hosting the soccer-related show Football Stars of Tomorrow , screened on the digital sports channel One HD ." }, { "docid": "New_South_Wales_Breakers", "title": "", "text": "The New South Wales Breakers are the women 's representative cricket team for New South Wales and they compete in the Women 's National Cricket League . The Breakers are the league 's most successful side , having won 13 out of the 15 seasons . , the Breakers have become a professional team and have played 130 matches for 103 wins , 1 tie and 26 losses . They also finished runners-up in the 2009/10 and 2010/11 Domestic Twenty20 competitions . They have been the winners of a record ten straight Women 's National Cricket League titles from 2005/06 to 2014/15 ." }, { "docid": "2008_AFC_Women's_Asian_Cup", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 AFC Women 's Asian Cup was played in Vietnam from 28 May to 8 June 2008 . It was won by North Korea ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Loughborough_Lightning_(WCSL)", "title": "", "text": "Loughborough Lightning is an English women 's Twenty20 cricket team based in Loughborough , Leicestershire . They were formed in 2016 to compete in the inaugural season of the Women 's Cricket Super League . They will play their home matches at the Haslegrave Ground . They are coached by Salliann Briggs and are captained by Georgia Elwiss . The team is partnered with Loughborough University . The squad includes overseas players Sophie Devine , Ellyse Perry and Dane van Niekerk as well as England players Elwiss , Rebecca Grundy , Amy Jones and Beth Langston ." }, { "docid": "Elise_Kellond-Knight", "title": "", "text": "Elise Kellond-Knight ( born 10 August 1990 ) is an Australian international football player , who currently plays for Turbine Potsdam in the German Allianz Frauen Bundesliga and the Australian national team . At the annual Westfield W-League awards dinner in 2009 , Kellond-Knight was jointly awarded the Young Player of the Year Award with Canberra United 's Ellyse Perry . After outstanding performances at the 2011 FIFA Women 's World Cup and 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup , she made the tournament 's All Star Teams ." }, { "docid": "Wisden_Leading_Woman_Cricketer_in_the_World", "title": "", "text": "The Wisden Leading Woman Cricketer in the World is an annual cricket award selected by the editor of Wisden Cricketers ' Almanack . It was established in 2015 , to select the best female cricketer based upon their performances anywhere in the world in the previous calendar year . Prior to the establishment of this dedicated award , women were also eligible for inclusion in Wisden Cricketers of the Year ; two were selected , England 's Claire Taylor in 2009 and Charlotte Edwards in 2014 . The inaugural recipient of the Wisden Leading Woman Cricketer in the World was Australian international cricketer Meg Lanning . The most recent awardee is Australia 's Ellyse Perry ." }, { "docid": "Tabatha_Saville", "title": "", "text": "Tabatha Saville is an Australian cricketer who plays for Adelaide Strikers . Born in Suva , Fiji , Saville moved to Alice Springs , Northern Territory , Australia , at a young age . She developed her cricketing talents in the Northern Territory , and was often the only girl playing in the side . In early 2016 , she was selected in Cricket Australia 's Talent Squad after impressing at the under-18 National Championships , in which she represented South Australia . Saville 's potential was also recognised by South Australian Scorpions and Strikers coach Andrea McCauley , and she was added to the Adelaide Strikers ' squad for the WBBL02 season ( 2016 -- 17 ) , as its youngest member . She made her debut for the Strikers on 2 January 2017 against the Sydney Sixers , and her first significant contribution to the match was the catch that dismissed star Sixers player Ellyse Perry . While based in Adelaide , Saville is studying at university as well as playing cricket ." }, { "docid": "Grayson_Perry:_All_Man", "title": "", "text": "Grayson Perry : All Man is a 2016 British television miniseries about masculinity presented by Grayson Perry ." }, { "docid": "Charles_Perry_(author)", "title": "", "text": "Charles Perry ( 1924 -- 1969 ) was an African American author whose only published novel was Portrait of a Young Man Drowning . He was born in Savannah , Georgia , but moved to Brooklyn when he was still in grade school . During the 1940s , he was a co-star of the hit radio series New World A-Coming . Portrait of a Young Man Drowning draws heavily on Perry 's first hand research of gangsters and juvenile delinquents in his own Brooklyn neighbourhood . An homage to James Joyce 's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man , the novel is written in the first person and tells the story of Harold , a young man who gets sucked into Brooklyn 's underworld scene , while living with an overbearing mother . The novel was considered ground-breaking when it was first published in 1962 , not least because it was one of the first novels written in the first person by a black author with a white protagonist . Perry soon began work on a semi-autobiographical account of the murder of his 11-year-old son , Charles Jr. , entitled I Wake Up Screaming . He died of cancer . Portrait of a Young man Drowning was made into a film entitled Six Ways to Sunday in 1997 . As well as writing Perry also appeared in over 30 films mainly in minor roles ." }, { "docid": "Perry_v_Truefitt", "title": "", "text": "Perry v Truefitt ( 1842 ) 6 Beav . 66 is a famous English case where the tort of passing off was first articulated . Leathart made a hair treatment product . He had shown the mixing process to Perry , a perfumer and hair-dresser , who decided to call the mixture `` Medicated Mexican Balm '' . Perry marketed the mixture under the title `` Perry 's Medicated Mexican Balm '' . Truefitt , one of Perry 's competitors , made a product that was very similar to Perry 's mixture , which he marketed it under the name `` Truefitt 's Medicated Mexican Balm '' , and used bottles and labels that looked like Perry 's product . Perry filed a bill against Truefitt , arguing that the name `` Medicated Mexican Balm '' was valuable to his business and that he should have exclusive right to prevent others from using it . The Court denied Perry the right to the name . However , Lord Longdale held that misrepresentation can be grounds for an injunction , stating that `` a man is not to sell his own goods under the pretence that they are the goods of another man '' ." }, { "docid": "Perrie", "title": "", "text": "Perrie is a surname , and may refer to : Ian Perrie ( born 1979 ) , Australian rules footballer Lynne Perrie ( 1931 -- 2006 ) , English actress Maureen Perrie , lecturer in Russian History Perrie Mans ( born 1940 ) , retired professional snooker player" }, { "docid": "James_Perry", "title": "", "text": "James Perry may refer to : James Perry ( journalist ) ( 1756 -- 1821 ) , journalist James Franklin Perry ( 1790 -- 1853 ) , early Texas settler ( with wife Emily Austin Perry ) Jimmy Perry ( 1923 -- 2016 ) , English actor and scriptwriter James E. C. Perry ( born 1944 ) , jurist James Stewart Perry ( born 1947 ) , sculptor James L. Perry ( born 1948 ) , academic James Perry , strongman , see 1992 World 's Strongest Man James Lewis Perry ( born 1979 ) , cyclist Jim Perry ( television personality ) ( 1933 -- 2015 ) , television personality and game show host Jim Perry ( baseball ) ( born 1935 ) , baseball player Rick Perry ( James Richard Perry , born 1950 ) , American politician who served as the 47th Governor of Texas James Perry , actor in Studio C" }, { "docid": "Nichole_Nordeman", "title": "", "text": "Nichole Ellyse Nordeman ( born January 3 , 1972 ) is an American contemporary Christian singer and songwriter ." }, { "docid": "David_Perry", "title": "", "text": "David Perry may refer to : David Perry ( game developer ) ( born 1967 ) , Northern Irish game developer of such games as Earthworm Jim David Perry ( Australian filmmaker ) ( 1933 -- 2015 ) , Australian filmmaker David Perry ( cricketer ) ( 1929 -- 2007 ) , New Zealand cricketer David Perry ( rugby union ) ( 1937 -- 2017 ) , England international rugby union player and captain David Perry ( computer specialist ) , Public Education Director of Trend Micro Dave Perry ( born 1966 ) , creator of TV computer game shows David Perry ( barrister ) , senior English barrister David Perry ( politician ) ( born 1952 ) , American state legislator in West Virginia David Perry , also known as the Norwich Puppet Man" }, { "docid": "Australian_women's_cricket_team_in_England_and_Ireland_in_2015", "title": "", "text": "The Australian women 's cricket team toured England and Ireland in 2015 . The matches against England were played for the Women 's Ashes , which since 2013 consists of a multi-format series with points awarded for each of the matches . Two points are awarded for each Twenty20 International ( T20I ) or One Day International ( ODI ) win , and four points to the Test winner ( compared with six in the previous series ) or two points to each team in the event of a Test draw . The Women 's Ashes were held by England before the series but , after winning two ODIs , the Test match and the second T20I , Australia regained the Ashes on 28 August 2015 with one T20I match to play . It was also the first time Australia had won the Ashes in England since 2001 , after a draw in 2009 and defeats in the 2005 and 2013 series . Australia won the ODI match series ( 2 -- 1 ) and the sole Test match . England won the T20I match series ( 2 -- 1 ) . Overall Australia won the Ashes ( 10 points to 6 ) . Australia 's Ellyse Perry scored 264 runs , took 16 wickets and was named the player of the series . The ODI matches were also part of the 2014 -- 16 ICC Women 's Championship . Apart from their games in England , Australia also defeated Ireland 3 -- 0 in a T20I series played in Dublin ." }, { "docid": "Jenna_Kingsley", "title": "", "text": "Jenna Kingsley ( born 24 March 1992 ) is an Australian football ( soccer ) player , who plays for Newcastle Jets in the Australian W-League . Jenna played her junior football in Western Sydney for Emu Plains , Penrith RSL and Penrith SC . Jenna would then go on to play for the Australian Women 's National team , making her debut against Hong Kong in an Olympic Games qualifier after being substitutted on for former Mariners captain , Caitlin Cooper . She then scored the final goal of the match in the 83rd minute to make the score 8-1 . Her debut game featured 7 other,then-fellow Mariners ' teammates Rachael Doyle , Lyndsay Glohe , Teresa Polias , Renee Rollason , Ellyse Perry , Kyah Simon and Caitlin Cooper . Jenna made her debut against Newcastle Jets on Saturday , 29 November 2008 after being substituted on for teammate Britt Simmons . Jenna then made her scoring debut in round 7 against Adelaide United scoring a double and assisting the team to a record 6-0 win away from home . She then scored her third goal in the last round of her first season against Melbourne Victory assisting the team to a 2-0 win at home which knocked Melbourne out of the finals ." }, { "docid": "Perry_Heights,_Dallas", "title": "", "text": "Perry Heights is a historical neighborhood in the Oak Lawn area of Dallas , Texas ( USA ) . As one of the last remaining single-family neighborhoods in the Dallas uptown area , Perry Heights consists of four streets of residential real estate with neighborhood restaurants and bars within walking distance . Perry Heights was developed in 1922 by wealthy oil man , E. Gordon Perry . It is bounded by Hawthorne Avenue on the northwest , Rawlins Street on the northeast , Wycliff Avenue on the southeast , and Vandelia Street on the southwest ." }, { "docid": "Johnny_Perry", "title": "", "text": "Johnny Perry ( October 24 , 1972 -- November 21 , 2002 ) was a professional strongman competitor from Zebulon , North Carolina , USA . Perry finished fourth in the 2002 World 's Strongest Man competition ." }, { "docid": "Perrie_Mans", "title": "", "text": "Pierre `` Perrie '' Mans ( born 14 October 1940 ) is a retired professional snooker player from South Africa , who first won the South African Amateur Snooker Championship in 1965 , and won the event 19 times . He won the Benson & Hedges Masters in 1979 and reached the final of the World Championship in 1978 ." }, { "docid": "William_H._Perry_(Los_Angeles)", "title": "", "text": "William Hayes Perry , known as W.H. Perry , ( 1832 -- 1906 ) was a 19th-century lumber merchant and financier in Los Angeles , California . He was known as `` a masterful man whose influence and backing has been felt for fifty years in the development of Southern California . ''" }, { "docid": "Charles_Perry", "title": "", "text": "Charles Perry may refer to : Charles Perry ( author ) ( 1924 -- 1969 ) , author of Portrait of a Young Man Drowning Charles Perry ( basketball ) ( 1921 -- 2001 ) , American professional basketball player Charles Perry ( bishop ) ( 1807 -- 1891 ) , first Anglican bishop of Melbourne , Australia Charles Perry ( Canadian politician ) ( 1818 -- 1876 ) , Canadian businessman and political figure Charles Perry ( food writer ) ( born 1941 ) , culinary historian , journalist , and translator of the Baghdad Cookery Book by Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi Charles Perry ( Texas politician ) ( born 1962 ) , Republican member of the Texas Senate Charles Perry ( traveller ) ( 1698 -- 1780 ) , traveller and medical writer Charles B. Perry ( 1855 -- 1940 ) , Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly Charles D. Perry ( 1907 -- 1964 ) , New York politician Charles Elliott Perry ( 1871 -- 1937 ) , New Zealand Anglican clergyman Charles O. Perry ( 1929 -- 2011 ) , American sculptor and artist particularly known for his large scale public sculptures Charles R. Perry ( 1934 -- 2005 ) , Florida construction industry leader and businessman Charles Stuart Perry ( 1908 -- 1982 ) , New Zealand librarian Charles T. Perry ( 1812 -- 1872 ) , American politician ; mayor of Hoboken , New Jersey , 1864 -- 1865 Charlie Perry ( Australian rules footballer ) ( 1888 -- 1961 ) , Australian rules footballer for Norwood Charlie Perry ( English footballer ) ( 1866 -- 1927 ) , England and West Bromwich Albion footballer Chuck Perry ( 1937 -- 1999 ) , founding president of Florida International University in Miami , Florida" }, { "docid": "William_Perry_(Queensland_businessman)", "title": "", "text": "William Perry ( 1835 -- 1891 ) was a business man and politician in Brisbane , Queensland , Australia . He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council ." }, { "docid": "Lawrence_Horn", "title": "", "text": "Lawrence Horn is a musician , formerly a record producer and chief recording engineer for Motown Records . He is currently serving a life sentence for hiring a hit man to commit a triple-murder . Horn was notable for pioneering many mixing techniques while at Motown , and for directly supervising most of the mixes for Motown singles during the label 's success period from 1964 to 1967 . Laid off by Motown in 1990 , Horn slid into debt . In 1993 , Horn contracted James Perry to kill his ex-wife , mentally challenged son , and the family 's overnight nurse in their Silver Spring , Maryland , home . The murders were carried out on March 3 , 1993 . The motive for hiring Perry to commit the murders was that Horn stood to gain $ 1.7 million from his son 's trust fund that was established after the settlement of a lawsuit resulting from a medical procedure that left him a quadriplegic . Perry was sentenced to death in 1995 for the murders , and in 1996 Lawrence Horn was found guilty on three counts of first-degree murder and one count of murder conspiracy and sentenced to life imprisonment . The conviction of the assassin , Perry , was overturned by an appeals court and a second trial sentenced him to three life terms in Maryland 's prison system in 2001 . Perry died of an undisclosed illness while still in custody on December 30 , 2009 . The case prompted a lawsuit against Paladin Press , the publishers of Hit Man , which James Perry used as a guide to execute the murders . The lawsuit was settled when the publishers agreed to stop selling the book and pay millions of dollars in compensation to the families of the victims ." }, { "docid": "David_and_Lisa", "title": "", "text": "David and Lisa is a 1962 American drama film directed by Frank Perry . It is based on the second story in the novel Jordi , Lisa and David by Theodore Isaac Rubin ; the screenplay , written by Frank Perry 's wife Eleanor Perry ( born Rosenfeld ) , tells the story of a bright young man suffering from a mental illness which , among other symptoms , has instilled a fear of being touched in him . This lands him in a residential treatment center , where he meets Lisa , a similarly ill young woman who displays a split personality . The film earned Perry a nomination for the 1963 Academy Award for Directing and one for Eleanor Perry for her Screenplay . The film was later adapted into a stage play in 1967 and a made-for-television film in 1998 ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Tom_Perry", "title": "", "text": "Lee Tom Perry ( born April 29 , 1951 ) is a business professor , Latter-day Saint church leader and hymnwriter . He is the son of L. Tom Perry , who was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) from 1974 until his death in 2015 . As a young man , Perry served an LDS Church mission in the Japan West Mission . He was associate dean of the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University ( BYU ) from 1998 to 2005 . From 1991 to 1994 , he served as president of the BYU 3rd Stake . From 2005 to 2008 , Perry was president of the California Roseville Mission , and from 2010 to 2014 he was a member of the general board of the LDS Church 's Sunday School . Perry wrote the words to `` As Now We Take The Sacrament '' , which is hymn number 169 in the 1985 English LDS Church hymnal . Perry holds a doctorate in administration sciences from Yale University and has 30 years of experience as a professor , consultant , administrator , entrepreneur and corporate board member . On July 1 , 2013 , Perry was appointed dean of the Marriott School of Management at BYU , succeeding Gary C. Cornia . Perry and his wife , Carolyn , are the parents of six children ." }, { "docid": "Katelyn_Fryett", "title": "", "text": "Katelyn Fryett ( born 28 May 1992 ) is an Australian cricketer who plays for Tasmanian Roar and Hobart Hurricanes as a pace bowler . Born in Launceston and raised in Bracknell , Tasmania , Fryett began her interstate cricket career by playing for several seasons in Tasmanian underage and Cricket Australia Cup teams . In 2008 and again in 2009 , she was named Tasmania 's top female cricketer . At the start of the 2009 -- 10 season , Fryett made her debut for Tasmanian Roar at the age of 17 years , when the Roar joined the domestic WNCL competition . In December 2009 , she became the Roar 's first national representative , upon being named in the Shooting Stars national development squad as a replacement for Ellyse Perry , who had commitments to her W-league soccer team . In 2013 , Fryett was omitted from the Shooting Stars squad , but at the end of the 2013 -- 14 season , she secured a Shooting Stars contract after taking nine wickets in six of that season 's WNCL matches at an average of 25.44 . Fryett experienced another setback early in the 2014 -- 15 season , when a knee injury caused her to miss a round of WNCL matches against Queensland Fire . However , the injury turned out to be not as serious as first thought . The following summer , Fryett was part of the Hurricanes squad for its inaugural WBBL01 season ( 2015 -- 16 ) , during which she took two wickets . She remained in the squad for the WBBL02 season ( 2016 -- 17 ) . Fryett also plays netball for the Arrows team in Tasmania 's ANZ State League ." }, { "docid": "Mans_(surname)", "title": "", "text": "Mans is the surname of the following people George Mans ( born 1940 ) , American football player , coach and politician Jacques Pelletier du Mans ( 1517 -- 1582 ) , French humanist , poet and mathematician Keith Mans ( born 1946 ) , British politician Mark Mans ( born 1955 ) , British military officer Perrie Mans ( born 1940 ) , South African snooker player" }, { "docid": "Perry_Watkins", "title": "", "text": "Perry Watkins ( August 20 , 1948 - March 17 , 1996 ) was an African-American gay man , one of the first servicemembers to challenge the ban against homosexuals in the United States military ." }, { "docid": "I'm_Only_Human", "title": "", "text": "I 'm Only Human may refer to : `` I 'm Only Human '' , an episode of Get Smart originally aired in February 1966 `` I 'm Only Human '' , a song by Rick Ross from the 2008 album Trilla It may also refer to : `` Human '' ( The Human League song ) , a 1986 song by The Human League `` Human '' ( Christina Perri song ) , a 2013 song by Christina Perri from the album Head or Heart `` Human '' ( Rag 'n' Bone Man song ) , a 2016 song by Rag 'n' Bone Man" }, { "docid": "Port_Perry", "title": "", "text": "Port Perry is a community located in Scugog Township in Durham Regional Municipality , Ontario , Canada . The town is located northeast of Toronto and just north of Oshawa . Due to its location in the Greater Toronto Area , many residents will commute to Toronto for work on a daily basis . Port Perry has a population of 9,453 as of 2016 . Port Perry serves as the administrative and commercial centre for the Township of Scugog . The town is home to a 24-bed hospital , Scugog Township 's municipal offices and many retail establishments . Port Perry serves as a hub for many small communities in the Scugog area , such as Greenbank , Raglan , Caesarea , Blackstock and Nestleton/Nestleton Station . The Great Blue Heron Charitable Casino is a major employer . Located at the basin of the Trent-Severn Waterways is Lake Scugog , one of Ontario 's largest man-made lakes ." }, { "docid": "Puppet_man", "title": "", "text": "Puppet man may refer to : `` Puppet Man '' , a song by The 5th Dimension from Portrait Puppetman alias Senator Gregg Hartmann , a fictional character from the Wild Cards series of books Norwich Puppet Man , nickname used for the street entertainer David John Perry" }, { "docid": "30-hole_and_Fred_Perry", "title": "", "text": "30-hole and Fred Perry released through `` Danse Macabre Records '' is the third album of the Italian Electro Industrial one-man project Digitalis Purpurea . It was released on April 24 , 2012 with a worldwide distribution ." }, { "docid": "Tyler_Perry", "title": "", "text": "Tyler Perry ( born Emmitt Perry Jr. ; September 13 , 1969 ) is an American actor , comedian , filmmaker , writer , and songwriter , specializing in the gospel genre . Perry wrote and produced many stage plays during the 1990s and early 2000s . In 2011 , Forbes named him the highest paid man in entertainment ; he earned US$ 130 million between May 2010 and 2011 . With new shows lined up , along with older successful shows , his net worth in 2017 is estimated to be $ 600 million . Perry is known for both creating and performing as the Madea character , a tough elderly black woman . Perry also creates films , some produced as live recordings of stage plays , and others professionally filmed using full sets and locations with full editing . Perry is estimated to have earned around US$ 75 million by 2008 . Many of Perry 's stage-play films have been subsequently adapted as professional films . Perry has also created several television shows , his most successful of which is Tyler Perry 's House of Payne , a show that ran for eight seasons on TBS from June 21 , 2006 , to August 10 , 2012 . On October 2 , 2012 , Perry struck an exclusive multi-year partnership with Oprah Winfrey and her Oprah Winfrey Network . The partnership was largely for the purposes of bringing scripted television to the OWN network , Perry having had previous success in this department . Perry has created multiple scripted series for the network , the most successful being The Haves and the Have Nots . As of 2014 , The Haves and the Have Nots has given OWN its highest ratings to date . The series has also been referred to as being `` one of OWN 's biggest success stories with its weekly dose of soapy fun , filled with the typical betrayals , affairs , and manipulations . ''" } ]
138032	American Idiot has not had five successful singles.	[ { "docid": "American_Idiot", "title": "", "text": "American Idiot is the seventh studio album by American rock band Green Day . Produced by Rob Cavallo , the album was released in the UK on September 20 , 2004 and in the US on September 21 , 2004 by Reprise Records . Green Day first achieved popularity in the 1990s with a string of successful albums . Following disappointing sales of their sixth album , Warning ( 2000 ) , the band took a break before recording their next album , titled Cigarettes and Valentines . The recording process was cut short when the album 's master tapes were stolen . Rather than re-record that material , the group decided to start over . A concept album and the world 's first `` punk rock opera , '' American Idiot follows the story of Jesus of Suburbia , an adolescent anti-hero who is divided between `` rage and love . '' Through its plot , the album expresses the disillusionment and dissent of a generation that came of age in a period shaped by many tumultuous events like the Iraq War . The album was inspired by several musicals and the work of The Who . Recording of American Idiot was split between two California studios between 2003 and 2004 . Its album art depicts a heart-shaped hand grenade . American Idiot marked a career comeback for Green Day following a period of decreased success . It charted in 27 countries , peaking at number one in 19 , and eventually sold 16 million copies worldwide . The album spawned five successful singles : `` American Idiot '' , `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , `` Holiday '' , `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' and `` Jesus of Suburbia '' . American Idiot was well received critically and won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album in 2005 . Its success inspired a Broadway musical and an incomplete feature film adaptation . It has been praised in the years following its release , appearing on several year-end and decade-end lists ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Green_Day_discography", "title": "", "text": "The American punk rock band Green Day has released 12 studio albums , two live albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , four video albums , 10 extended plays , four box sets , 42 singles , ten promotional singles , and 39 music videos . The band has sold over 85 million records worldwide , including more than 30 million in the United States alone . Green Day released their first two studio albums , 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours ( 1991 ) ( consisting of the original `` 39/Smooth '' as well as their first two EP 's `` 1,000 Hours '' and `` Slappy '' ) and Kerplunk ( 1991 ) , through the independent label Lookout ! Records before signing to major label Reprise Records . Dookie , the band 's first album on the label and third studio album overall , was released in February 1994 . It was a breakout success , selling over 10 million copies in the United States and 20 million copies worldwide . Dookie spawned five singles , including the international hits `` Longview '' , Basket Case '' and `` When I Come Around '' . The album placed Green Day at the forefront of the 1990s punk rock revival . Insomniac , the band 's fourth studio album , was released in October 1995 . While not as successful as Dookie , the album managed to peak at number two on the US Billboard 200 and received a double platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Nimrod followed in October 1997 ; it peaked at number ten on the Billboard 200 . Four singles were released from Nimrod ; the most successful of these was `` Good Riddance ( Time of Your Life ) '' , which hit the top ten in countries such as Australia and Canada . The band 's sixth studio album Warning was released in October 2000 to mild commercial success , peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 and only earning a gold certification from the RIAA . Their seventh studio album American Idiot reignited the band 's popularity with a younger generation . Becoming the band 's first album to top the Billboard 200 , American Idiot sold over six million copies in the United States , and over 14 million copies worldwide . The album spawned five commercially successful singles : `` American Idiot '' , `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , `` Holiday '' , `` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' , and `` Jesus of Suburbia '' . The band 's eighth studio album 21st Century Breakdown followed in May 2009 , topping the Billboard 200 and being certified platinum by the RIAA . Two singles from the album -- `` Know Your Enemy '' and `` 21 Guns '' -- became top 40 hits on the US Billboard Hot 100 . A trilogy of studio albums -- ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , and ¡ Tré ! -- were released toward the end of 2012 . ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! and ¡ Tré ! peaked at numbers two , nine and thirteen respectively on the Billboard 200 . In 2016 , another studio album , Revolution Radio was released and topped the Billboard 200 ." }, { "docid": "Boulevard_of_Broken_Dreams_(Green_Day_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' is a song by American punk rock band Green Day , recorded for their seventh studio album American Idiot ( 2004 ) . Reprise Records released `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' as the second single from American Idiot . The song 's lyrics were written by lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong , and composed by the band . Production was handled by Rob Cavallo and Green Day . `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' remains one of Green Day 's signature songs . The song speaks from the point of view of American Idiots main character , Jesus of Suburbia , and is a moderate midtempo song characterized by somber and bleak lyrics . This is in contrast to the previous track on the album , `` Holiday '' , which illustrates Jesus of Suburbia 's high of being in The City . MTV 's Green Day Makes a Video described `` Holiday '' as a party , and `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' as the subsequent hangover . The song was ranked the number one on Rolling Stones Reader 's Choice : Singles of the Decade list in 2009 and number 65 on the 100 Best Songs of the Decade list in the same year . It has sold over 2 million copies in the United States as of 2010 . The single peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 , behind `` Candy Shop '' by 50 Cent and Olivia , making it Green Day 's most successful song in the United States . The song was the ninth-highest-selling single of the 2000 -- 2009 decade with worldwide sales exceeding 5 million copies . As of 2017 , `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' remains to be the only song in history to win both the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Green_Day", "title": "", "text": "Green Day is an American rock band formed in 1987 in East Bay , California . The band consists of Billie Joe Armstrong ( vocals , lead guitar ) , Mike Dirnt ( bass guitar , vocals ) , and Tré Cool ( drums , percussion ) . The band has released eleven studio albums : 39/Smooth ( 1990 ) , Kerplunk ( 1992 ) , Dookie ( 1994 ) , Insomniac ( 1995 ) , Nimrod ( 1997 ) , Warning ( 2000 ) , American Idiot ( 2004 ) , 21st Century Breakdown ( 2009 ) and the ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , ¡ Tré ! trilogy ( 2012 ) . The first two albums were released on the Lookout ! Records record label , while the remaining albums were released on Reprise Records . Green Day has found success at the MTV Video Music Awards , receiving nine nominations for `` Basket Case '' , the second single from Dookie ; and eight awards for `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , the second single from American Idiot . The band has also received 5 Grammy Awards out of 19 nominations . At the American Music Awards , the trio has received six awards including `` Favorite Alternate Artist '' award , finally winning it in 2005 . The band was nominated for 9 Billboard Music Awards in 2005 , winning 7 of them on the night of the show , including `` Rock Artist of the Year '' and `` Rock Song of the Year . ''" }, { "docid": "Green_Day", "title": "", "text": "Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt . For much of the group 's career , the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool , who replaced former drummer John Kiffmeyer in 1990 prior to the recording of the band 's second studio album , Kerplunk ( 1991 ) . Guitarist Jason White , who has worked with the band as a touring member since 1999 , was an official member from 2012 to 2016 . Green Day was originally part of the punk scene at the DIY 924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley , California . The band 's early releases were with the independent record label Lookout ! Records . In 1994 , its major label debut Dookie ( released through Reprise Records ) became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S. Green Day was widely credited , alongside fellow California punk bands Sublime , Bad Religion , The Offspring , and Rancid , with popularizing and reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the United States . Green Day 's three follow-up albums , Insomniac ( 1995 ) , Nimrod ( 1997 ) , and Warning ( 2000 ) did not achieve the massive success of Dookie , though they were still successful , with Insomniac and Nimrod reaching double platinum and Warning achieving platinum status . The band 's rock opera , American Idiot ( 2004 ) , reignited the band 's popularity with a younger generation , selling six million copies in the U.S. . The band 's eighth studio album , 21st Century Breakdown , was released in 2009 and achieved the band 's best chart performance to date . 21st Century Breakdown was followed up by a trilogy of albums called ¡ Uno ! , ¡ Dos ! , and ¡ Tré ! , which were released in September , November and December 2012 respectively . The band 's twelfth studio album , Revolution Radio was released on October 7 , 2016 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , their third album to do so . Green Day has sold more than 85 million records worldwide . The group has won five Grammy Awards : Best Alternative Album for Dookie , Best Rock Album for American Idiot , Record of the Year for `` Boulevard of Broken Dreams '' , Best Rock Album for the second time for 21st Century Breakdown and Best Musical Show Album for American Idiot : The Original Broadway Cast Recording . In 2010 , a stage adaptation of American Idiot debuted on Broadway . The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards : Best Musical , Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design , losing only the first . Also in 2010 , Green Day was ranked no. 91 in the VH1 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . On April 18 , 2015 , the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a part of the 2015 class in their first year of eligibility ." }, { "docid": "American_Idiot:_The_Original_Broadway_Cast_Recording", "title": "", "text": "American Idiot : The Original Broadway Cast Recording is an album by the cast of American Idiot and Green Day . In September 2009 , American Idiot began its run in the Berkeley Repertory Theatre , California . After two extensions , it was transferred to the St. James Theatre on Broadway . The first single from the album , `` 21 Guns '' was released on December 3 , 2009 . The album also includes `` When It 's Time '' , a previously unreleased song written by Billie Joe Armstrong . Two versions of it appear on the album , one by The Cast and one by Green Day . It was originally released on mtv.com on April 13 , 2010 and was released on CD on April 20 , 2010 . A vinyl version of the album was released on July 13 , 2010 . The album debuted at number 43 on the Billboard 200 , becoming one of the highest-charting musical soundtracks . It has sold 40,000 copies as of August , 2010 . The album won Best Musical Show Album at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards . Shortly after the album 's release , another album featuring 13 songs from the album was released as American Idiot : Selections from the Original Broadway Cast Recording ." }, { "docid": "Adultery_(Do-Re-Mi_album)", "title": "", "text": "Adultery is the CD/EP album by Australian rock/pop group Do-Ré-Mi which was released by Virgin Records in October 1987 . The EP has five tracks , which were written by lead vocalist Deborah Conway , drummer Dorland Bray , bass guitarist Helen Carter and guitarist Stephen Philip . Do-Ré-Mi 's debut single `` Man Overboard '' had been top 5 hit in 1985 , but Adultery , which charted on the National singles charts , had less chart success . It was released as a single in different forms for UK , German and North American markets , the Australian 1987 CD version had five tracks ." }, { "docid": "Idiot_Grin", "title": "", "text": "`` Idiot Grin '' is the second single by Australian rock/pop group Do-Re-Mi released by Virgin Records in September 1985 from their Domestic Harmony album . Both sides were written by lead vocalist Deborah Conway , drummer Dorland Bray , bass guitarist Helen Carter and guitarist Stephen Philip . Previous single `` Man Overboard '' had been a surprise top 5 hit , but `` Idiot Grin '' , which was also produced and engineered by Gavin McKillop , only peaked at # 43 on the National singles charts ." }, { "docid": "American_Idiot_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` American Idiot '' is a song by the American punk rock band Green Day . It is the title track from the album American Idiot ( 2004 ) and released as the first single from it . The song received positive reviews by critics and was nominated for four 2005 Grammy Awards : Record of the Year , Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal , Best Rock Song , and Best Music Video . It is considered as one of the band 's signature songs ." }, { "docid": "When_It's_Time", "title": "", "text": "`` When It 's Time '' is a song by the American rock band Green Day from American Idiot : The Original Broadway Cast Recording , a cast recording to the musical production American Idiot , a stage adaptation of the band 's 2004 concept album . The song was released as a single in the United Kingdom , where it reached no. 68 on the UK Singles Chart ." }, { "docid": "Jesus_of_Suburbia", "title": "", "text": "`` Jesus of Suburbia '' is a song by American punk rock band Green Day . It was released as the fifth and final single from the group 's seventh studio album , American Idiot , and the second song on the album . It is Green Day 's second longest song ( with the band 's longest song being `` Homecoming '' ) and the group 's longest song to be released as a single . The studio version of the song , a five movement piece , runs just over 9 minutes and was considered to be unfriendly for radio , so it was cut down to 6 1/2 minutes for the radio edit . The long version was still played on many album rock and alternative rock radio stations . At most live shows on the first leg of the group 's 21st Century Breakdown World Tour , the band would pick a member from the audience to play guitar for the song . The single has sold 205,000 copies as of July 2010 ." }, { "docid": "Canadian_Idiot", "title": "", "text": "`` Canadian Idiot '' is a 2006 song and single by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic from his album Straight Outta Lynwood . It is a parody of Green Day 's `` American Idiot '' . The song is mostly a sarcastic parody of the stereotypical American view of the Canadian way of life . Yankovic pokes fun at an accentuated Canadian accent and the Canadians ' love of ice hockey , beer , macaroni and cheese , poutine and doughnuts . At the end of the song , he says that the Canadians are `` up to something '' and calls for a `` preemptive strike '' ." }, { "docid": "Chicago_(band)", "title": "", "text": "Chicago is an American rock band formed in 1967 in Chicago , Illinois . The self-described `` rock and roll band with horns '' began as a politically charged , sometimes experimental , rock band and later moved to a predominantly softer sound , generating several hit ballads . The group had a steady stream of hits throughout the 1970s and 1980s . Since at least 2008 , Billboard has shown Chicago to be the `` greatest of all time '' American band in singles chart success , and since 2015 , the `` greatest of all time '' American band in album chart success as well . Chicago is one of the longest-running and most successful rock groups , and one of the world 's best-selling groups of all time , having sold more than 100 million records . According to Billboard , Chicago was the leading U.S. singles charting group during the 1970s . They have sold over 40 million units in the U.S. , with 23 gold , 18 platinum , and 8 multi-platinum albums . Over the course of their career they have had five number-one albums and 21 top-ten singles . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 8 , 2016 at Barclays Center in Brooklyn , New York . Original band members Peter Cetera , Robert Lamm , and James Pankow are among the 2017 Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees for their songwriting efforts as members of the music group , Chicago ." }, { "docid": "Happy_Idiot", "title": "", "text": "`` Happy Idiot '' is the first single off of American indie rock band TV on the Radio 's fifth studio album Seeds ." }, { "docid": "La_Toya_Jackson_discography", "title": "", "text": "This article contains the discography of American singer La Toya Jackson and includes information relating to album and single releases . She has released eleven studio albums ( one of which has yet to be released ) , starting with her self-titled debut , La Toya Jackson in 1980 . She has had a fair success with her singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and had three charting albums on the US Billboard 200 album charts . She had most success with her first three studio albums , and has released several successful singles ." }, { "docid": "The_Mind_of_Mark_DeFriest", "title": "", "text": "The Mind of Mark DeFriest ( also known as The Life and Mind of Mark DeFriest ) is a documentary film about Mark DeFriest , a man imprisoned by the State of Florida since 1980 , who spent 27 of those years in solitary confinement . His original four year sentence , for taking his father 's tools after his death , before they had been released to him by the court , and then fleeing the police , has been repeatedly extended due to numerous escape attempts , seven of which were successful , and because of infractions committed while in prison . `` If I was a rapist or a murderer , they 'd let me out , '' DeFriest says in the film . `` But I 'm the idiot who made them look like idiots . ''" }, { "docid": "A_Thousand_Miles", "title": "", "text": "`` A Thousand Miles '' ( originally titled `` Interlude '' ) is the debut single written and recorded by American pop singer Vanessa Carlton . Produced by Curtis Schweitzer and Ron Fair , the song was released as the lead single for Carlton 's album Be Not Nobody ( 2002 ) . Her signature song , it became Carlton 's breakthrough hit and one of the most popular songs of the year . To date , it remains Carlton 's biggest hit in the United States , and her only single to reach the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 . Due to its success , it was featured on the 2002 US compilation album Now That 's What I Call Music ! 10 . The song had widespread success worldwide , reaching number one in Australia , where it was most successful , the top five in the United States and Ireland , and the top ten in the United Kingdom , France , Italy and the Netherlands . It has been covered by numerous artists including Icarus the Owl , Victoria Justice , David Archuleta , Terry Crews and the Glee Cast , and has been sampled by T.I. and Cheryl Cole ." }, { "docid": "Trackin'", "title": "", "text": "`` Trackin ' '' is a 2001 R&B song recorded by Filipino-American musician Billy Crawford . It was the first single from the album Ride and can be deemed as the singer 's most successful hit single : it peaked at number five for five weeks in France and was certified platinum . As of August 2014 , it was the 74th best-selling single of the 21st century in France , with 343,000 units sold . It also reached number-one in the club charts . The song reached # 1 in the Netherlands , # 2 in Belgium , # 3 in Switzerland and # 20 in Germany . It had great success in Germany and became # 1 on the radio and club chart . In the UK , the song was released as the third single after `` You Did n't Expect That '' in August 2003 and reached # 32 on the UK chart ." }, { "docid": "Five_Hours", "title": "", "text": "`` Five Hours '' is a 2014 single by American DJ Deorro and has appeared in a great number of dance compilations in 2014 . The song charted in a number of countries and notably reached number 8 on SNEP official French Singles Chart . In the United States , the single reached number one on Billboards Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart in its 6 September 2014 issue , giving Deorro his first number-one single and his debuted single in his home country . The American version that was first released featured vocals by DyCy and charted as `` Five Hours ( Do n't Hold Me Back ) '' . Later , a third vocal version entitled `` Five More Hours '' was released and was successful in the charts ." }, { "docid": "American_Idiot_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "American Idiot is a 2004 album by Green Day . American Idiot may also refer to : `` American Idiot '' ( song ) , a song from the album American Idiot ( musical ) , a musical based on the album American Idiot : The Original Broadway Cast Recording , the cast recording of the musical" }, { "docid": "Idioter", "title": "", "text": "`` Idioter '' is a song by the Swedish alternative rock band Kent . It was released as the third and final single from the band 's eight studio album , Röd , digitally on March 8 , 2010 and physically on March 10 . The single contains a single and a demo version of `` Idioter '' , a remix of `` Taxmannen '' by Andreas Tilliander , and the song `` Ensamheten '' with remixes by Andrea Parker and Erase . `` Idioter '' peaked at number thirty-three in Sweden , the band 's lowest chart position since `` Halka '' , which peaked at number thirty-six in 1996 ." }, { "docid": "Five_Star_discography", "title": "", "text": "Discography of Five Star , ( also styled as 5 Star ) , a British pop/R & B group , formed in 1983 . Between 1985 and 1988 , Five Star had four top 20 albums and 15 Top 40 singles in the UK , including top 10 hits `` System Addict '' , `` Ca n't Wait Another Minute '' , `` Find the Time '' , and `` Rain or Shine '' . The group have also had two studio albums and four singles chart in the US while also scoring chart success across Europe and New Zealand . Since the 1980s , Five Star have had very little commercial success with only a few releases hitting the top 100 singles chart in the UK ." }, { "docid": "Wake_Me_Up_When_September_Ends", "title": "", "text": "`` Wake Me Up When September Ends '' is a song by American rock band Green Day , released on June 13 , 2005 , as the fourth single from the group 's seventh studio album , American Idiot ( 2004 ) . The song was written by frontman Billie Joe Armstrong regarding the death of his father . The song became a hit single , peaking at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was also a top ten single in the United Kingdom , Belgium , New Zealand , and was a number one single in the Czech Republic . In the United States , the song became symbolic after Hurricane Katrina , where it was dedicated to victims of the disaster and also regarded as a dedication to the victims of the September 11 attacks that occurred in 2001 . The song became the fourth single from American Idiot to be certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The song 's music video depicts a couple broken apart by the Iraq War , which was intended to convey the song 's central theme of loss ." }, { "docid": "A_Little_Bit_of_Jazz", "title": "", "text": "A Little Bit of Jazz is a 1980 single by the group Nick Straker Band . The British band had their only American success with `` A Little Bit of Jazz '' when it hit number one on the Dance Chart for one week . The single failed to chart on both the American and British top 40 charts , but it peaked at number thirty-five on the Soul Singles Chart ." }, { "docid": "Solid_HarmoniE", "title": "", "text": "Solid Harmonie ( stylised as Solid HarmoniE , also known as SHE ) are a British-American pop girl group . The group was moderately successful , releasing five singles and a self-titled album , before disbanding in 2000 . They had the most success in the Netherlands where their album went to No. 1 in the album charts and was certified gold . Also the single `` I Want You to Want Me '' peaked at # 4 in the Dutch single charts . They sold over a million records worldwide ." }, { "docid": "Evanescence_discography", "title": "", "text": "The American rock band Evanescence has released three studio albums , one live album , three extended plays , eleven singles and eleven music videos . Evanescence was formed in Little Rock , Arkansas in 1995 by Amy Lee and Ben Moody . The lineup of the band has since gone through numerous changes with Lee being the principal member . To date , the band has sold nearly 25 million albums worldwide . The earliest of Evanescence 's material was released in the late 1990s through independent label Bigwig Enterprises , beginning with their self-titled EP in 1998 , followed by the Sound Asleep EP the following year . The band recorded and released a demo album in 2000 , titled Origin , and sold it at their concert venues . Very few copies of Origin were pressed , and soon went on sale for high prices online . The band signed to Wind-up Records in January 2001 . In early 2003 , the band released the Mystary EP , with their debut full-length album Fallen following in March . In the United States , Fallen sold 141,000 copies in its first week , and was met with critical acclaim . It spawned the singles `` Bring Me to Life '' , `` Going Under '' , `` My Immortal '' , and `` Everybody 's Fool '' . `` Bring Me to Life '' and `` My Immortal '' peaked in the top ten in several countries , and respectively were certified Platinum and Gold by the RIAA . The album peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and went on to sell more than 17 million units worldwide . Fallen was certified seven times platinum by the RIAA , and it has sold over 7.8 million units in the United States to date . The success of the album and its singles earned the band two Grammy Awards ( for Best New Artist and Best Hard Rock Performance ) at the 46th Grammy Awards in 2004 . While touring in support of Fallen , the band recorded their performance in Paris . The full concert performance was released as a live album in November 2004 , titled Anywhere but Home . The record was certified Gold in the United States , and it has sold over 687,000 units in the United States . Anywhere but Home has sold over 1.5 million units worldwide . Their second album , The Open Door , was released in October 2006 and debuted at number one on five national charts , including the Billboard 200 , selling over 447,000 copies in its first week in the United States . The Open Door spawned four singles . The lead single , `` Call Me When You 're Sober '' , attained chart success similar to `` Bring Me to Life '' and `` My Immortal '' , and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . `` Call Me When You 're Sober '' was followed by the singles `` Lithium '' and `` Sweet Sacrifice '' , and both received minor chart success . `` Sweet Sacrifice '' earned a nomination at the 50th Grammy Awards in 2008 for Best Hard Rock Performance , but lost to the Foo Fighters ' `` The Pretender '' . A fourth single , `` Good Enough '' , was also released , but it did not chart . The Open Door has sold over five million units worldwide . It has sold 2.1 million units in the United States , and has been certified double platinum by the RIAA . Evanescence , their third studio album , was released in October 2011 . It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , where its US sales had reached 127,000 copies in its first week . It also peaked in the top five in seven other countries . The first single , `` What You Want '' , was released in August , attaining moderate chart success . The second single , `` My Heart Is Broken '' , was released in October . The last single from the album , `` Lost in Paradise '' , was released in May 2012 , and `` The Other Side '' followed as a promotional single the following month . By August 2012 , Evanescence had sold over 421,000 copies in the US ." }, { "docid": "Don_Henley", "title": "", "text": "Donald Hugh `` Don '' Henley ( born July 22 , 1947 ) is an American singer-songwriter , producer , and drummer , best known as a founding member of the Eagles before launching a successful solo career . Henley was the drummer and co-lead singer for the Eagles from 1971 to 1980 , when the band broke up , and from 1994 to 2016 , when they reunited . Henley sang the lead vocals on Eagles hits such as `` Witchy Woman '' , `` Desperado '' , `` Best of My Love '' , `` One of These Nights '' , `` Hotel California '' , `` Life in the Fast Lane '' , `` The Long Run '' and `` Get Over It '' . After the Eagles broke up in 1980 , Henley pursued a solo career and released his debut album I Ca n't Stand Still , in 1982 . He has released five studio albums , two compilation albums , and one live DVD . His solo hits include `` Dirty Laundry '' , `` The Boys of Summer '' , `` All She Wants to Do Is Dance '' , `` The Heart of the Matter '' , `` The Last Worthless Evening '' , `` Sunset Grill '' , `` Not Enough Love in the World '' , and `` The End of the Innocence '' . The Eagles have sold over 150 million albums worldwide , won six Grammy Awards , had five No. 1 singles , 17 Top 40 singles , and six No. 1 albums . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 and are the biggest selling American band in history . As a solo artist , Henley has sold over 10 million albums worldwide , had eight Top 40 singles , won two Grammy Awards and five MTV Video Music Awards . Combined with the Eagles and as a solo artist , Henley has released 25 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He has also released seven studio albums with the Eagles and four as a solo artist . In 2008 , he was ranked as the 87th greatest singer of all time by the Rolling Stone magazine . Henley has also played a founding role in several environmental and political causes , most notably the Walden Woods Project . From 1994 to 2016 , he divided his musical activities between the Eagles and his solo career ." }, { "docid": "John_Caldwell_(cartoonist)", "title": "", "text": "John I. Caldwell ( March 23 , 1946 -- February 21 , 2016 ) was a nationally syndicated American gag cartoonist primarily known for his work in National Lampoon and Mad , where he was a member of `` The Usual Gang of Idiots . '' Following his death , The Comics Reporter described him as having had `` one of the most prolific and successful -LSB- cartooning -RSB- careers of the late 20th Century . ''" }, { "docid": "18_Stone_of_Idiot", "title": "", "text": "18 Stone of Idiot is a British television programme broadcast on Channel 4 in 2005 designed as a vehicle for Johnny Vegas and produced by Chris Evans . The first show was broadcast on 27 May 2005 and a further five episodes were broadcast weekly thereafter . Vegas ' stated intention was to make a programme `` so ridiculous that there was no way they 'd recommission it . '' Each show had one primary guest whom Vegas interviewed , and who were further involved in various stunts and skits ." }, { "docid": "3_Idiots", "title": "", "text": "3 Idiots is a 2009 Indian coming of age comedy drama film co-written , edited , and directed by Rajkumar Hirani and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra . Abhijat Joshi wrote the screenplay . It was inspired by the novel Five Point Someone by Chetan Bhagat . The film stars Aamir Khan , Kareena Kapoor , R. Madhavan , Sharman Joshi , Omi Vaidya , Parikshit Sahni and Boman Irani . Upon release , the film was the highest-grossing film in its opening weekend in India and had the highest opening day collections for an Indian film up until that point . It also held the record for the highest net collections in the first week for a Bollywood film . It also became one of the few Indian films to become successful at the time in East Asian markets such as China , eventually bringing its overseas total to more than US$ 65 million at the time -- the highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time in overseas markets , before being overtaken by Chennai Express in 2013 . The film is distinctive for featuring real inventions by little-known people in India 's backyards . The brains behind the innovations were Remya Jose , a student from Kerala , who created the pedal operated washing-machine ; Mohammad Idris , a barber from Hasanpur Kalan in Meerut district in Uttar Pradesh , who invented a bicycle-powered horse clipper ; and Jahangir Painter , a painter from Maharashtra , who made the scooter-powered flour mill . The subtitled version of the film grew popular in South Asia , especially China , Malaysia , Singapore and the Philippines . This film was remade in Tamil as Nanban ( 2012 ) which also received critical praise and commercial success . It has also been announced that there will be a Chinese remake of the film produced by Stephen Chow and that there are plans for a Hollywood remake produced in the United States . A Telugu remake was planned despite Nanban having a Telugu dubbed version titled Snehitudu . 3 Idiotas a Mexican remake will be released in 2017 ." }, { "docid": "Yazoo_discography", "title": "", "text": "This is a discography for the 1980s synthpop duo Yazoo . Their debut studio album Upstairs at Eric 's achieved platinum status both in the UK and the US . Yazoo had success during the early part of the decade with two hit studio albums and five hit singles . Since their split in 1983 , there has been some commercial success with releases of compilation albums and remixed singles across Europe and the US ." } ]
205521	Wyatt Earp was an actor.	[ { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp ( March 19 , 1848 -- January 13 , 1929 ) was an American Old West gambler , a deputy sheriff in Pima County , and deputy town marshal in Tombstone , Arizona Territory , who took part in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , during which lawmen killed three outlaw cowboys . He is often regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone , although his brother Virgil was Tombstone city marshal and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day , and had far more experience as a sheriff , constable , marshal , and soldier in combat . Earp lived a restless life . He was at different times a constable , city policeman , county sheriff , Deputy U.S. Marshal , teamster , buffalo hunter , bouncer , saloon-keeper , gambler , brothel keeper , miner , and boxing referee . Earp spent his early life in Iowa . In 1870 , Earp married his first wife , Urilla Sutherland Earp , who contracted typhoid fever and died shortly before their first child was to be born . During the next two years Earp was arrested for stealing a horse , escaped from jail , sued twice , and was arrested and fined three times during the course of 1872 for `` keeping and being found in a house of ill-fame '' . His third arrest was subject of a lengthy account in the `` Daily Transcript '' which referred to him as an `` old offender '' and nicknamed him the `` Peoria Bummer '' . By 1874 he had arrived in the cattle boomtown of Wichita , Kansas where his brother had opened a brothel . On April 21 , 1875 he was appointed to the Wichita police force , and developed a solid reputation as a lawman . In April 1876 he was dismissed from his position as a lawman following an altercation with a political opponent of his boss which led to him being fined $ 30 . In 1876 , he followed his brother James to Dodge City , Kansas , where he became an assistant city marshal . In winter 1878 , he went to Texas to track down an outlaw and met John `` Doc '' Holliday , whom Earp later credited with saving his life . Earp moved constantly throughout his life from one boomtown to another . He left Dodge City in 1879 and moved to Tombstone with his brothers James and Virgil , where a silver boom was underway . There , the Earps clashed with a loose federation of outlaws known as the Cowboys . Wyatt , Virgil , and their younger brother Morgan held various law enforcement positions that put them in conflict with Tom and Frank McLaury , and Ike and Billy Clanton , who threatened on several occasions to kill the Earps . The conflict escalated over the next year , culminating on October 26 , 1881 in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , in which the Earps and Holliday killed three of the Cowboys . In the next five months , Virgil was ambushed and maimed , and Morgan was assassinated . Pursuing a vendetta , Wyatt , his brother Warren , Holliday , and others formed a federal posse that killed three of the Cowboys whom they thought responsible . Wyatt was never wounded in any of the gunfights in which he took part , unlike his brothers Virgil and James , or his friend , Doc Holliday , which only added to his mystique after his death . Earp was a lifelong gambler and was always looking for a quick way to make money . After leaving Tombstone , Earp went to San Francisco where he reunited with Josephine Earp . She became his common-law wife . They joined a gold rush to Eagle City , Idaho , where they owned mining interests and a saloon . They left there to race horses and open a saloon during a real estate boom in San Diego , California . Back in San Francisco , Wyatt raced horses again , but his reputation suffered irreparably when he refereed the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey boxing match and called a foul that led many to believe that he fixed the fight . They moved briefly to Yuma , Arizona before joining the Nome Gold Rush in 1899 . In partnership with Charlie Hoxie they opened a two-story saloon called the Dexter and made an estimated $ 80,000 ( about $ 2 million in 2017 dollars ) . Returning to the lower 48 , they opened another saloon in Tonopah , Nevada , the site of a new gold find . In about 1911 , Earp began working several mining claims in Vidal , California , retiring in the hot summers with Josephine to Los Angeles . Wyatt Earp died on January 13 , 1929 . He was known as a Western lawman , gunfighter , and boxing referee . He had a notorious reputation for both his handling of the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey fight and his role in the O.K. Corral gunfight . This only began to change after his death when an extremely flattering biography was published in 1931 . It became a bestseller and created his reputation as a fearless lawman . Since then , Earp has been the subject of and model for numerous films , TV shows , biographies , and works of fiction that have increased his notoriety . He did , however , live to see himself being portrayed in the film Wild Bill Hickok , released in 1923 . Long after his death , he has many devoted detractors and admirers . Earp 's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West 's `` toughest and deadliest gunman of his day . ''" } ]	[ { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Earp was an Old West lawman . Wyatt Earp may also refer to : In ships : , an Australian survey vessel , a Royal Australian Navy vessel , a World War II American cargo ship In media : Wyatt Earp ( card game ) , a rummy-like card game Wyatt Earp ( film ) ( 1994 ) , an American film Wyatt Earp : Frontier Marshal , a biography of Wyatt Earp Wyatt Earp comic book series published by Atlas Comics ( 1955 -- 60 )" }, { "docid": "Jimmy_Noel", "title": "", "text": "Jimmy Noel ( May 15 , 1903 -- January 31 , 1985 ) was a Massachusetts-born actor and stuntman who appeared in hundreds of largely uncredited roles in film and television between 1949 and 1975 . He appeared 202 times on CBS 's western series , Gunsmoke , starring James Arness , and in 144 episodes of the ABC/Desilu production , The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , with Hugh O'Brian in the title role of deputy Marshal Wyatt Earp . Buddy Roosevelt made similar appearances in sixty-five Wyatt Earp episodes ." }, { "docid": "William_Tannen", "title": "", "text": "William Tannen ( November 17 , 1911 -- December 2 , 1976 ) was an American actor originally from New York City , who was best known for his role of Deputy Hal Norton in fifty-six episodes from 1956 to 1958 of the ABC/Desilu western television series , The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , with Hugh O'Brian as Deputy Marshal Wyatt Earp . Tannen was also cast as Gyp Clements in the 1955 episode `` The Buntline Special '' of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp . Beginning on September 11 , 1956 , in the second season of the series , with the setting moved from Wichita to Dodge City , Kansas , Tannen filled the Hal Norton role . His earliest episodes were `` Fight or Run '' , `` The Double Life of Dora Hand '' and `` Clay Allison '' , the latter two based on historical figures , the saloon singer and actor Dora Hand and the gunfighter Clay Allison . Some of his appearances were uncredited . His last credited role was `` Doc Holliday Rewrites History '' ( May 6 , 1958 ) , with Myron Healey as the frontier gunfighter and dentist Doc Holliday . His last uncredited roles aired thereafter in May and June 1958 , `` Dig a Grave for Ben Thompson '' , based on the historical figure Ben Thompson played by Denver Pyle , `` Frame-up '' , and `` My Husband '' . He was cast as Ike Clanton , not on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , but in the 1964 episode `` After the OK Corral '' of the syndicated western anthology series , Death Valley Days . Jim Davis portrayed Wyatt Earp in this particular episode . Tannen appeared twice , one role uncredited in Davis ' earlier syndicated western series , Stories of the Century , including the role of Dutch Charlie in `` Milt Sharp '' , the story of the stagecoach robber Milt Sharp ." }, { "docid": "Rico_Alaniz", "title": "", "text": "Americo Zorilla `` Rico '' Alaniz ( October 25 , 1919 -- March 9 , 2015 ) was a Mexican-born American actor in film and television best known for his role of the peaceful Cheyenne informer `` Mr. Cousin '' in sixteen episodes from 1955 to 1959 of the ABC/Desilu western television series , The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , with Hugh O'Brian in the title role as deputy Marshal Wyatt Earp . In eight episodes of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , Alaniz appeared with Rodd Redwing in the part of `` Mr. Brother '' , who is killed the 1958 episode `` One '' by the Dry Gulch Gang . Several episodes of the series are spent as Marshal Earp hunts down the gang and makes sure that all four members are tried , and as it resulted , hanged . Alaniz was also cast in two other episodes of the series , as Esteban Morango in `` The Schoolteacher '' ( 1958 ) and as Joe Riva in `` Death for a Stolen Horse '' ( 1959 ) ." }, { "docid": "Walter_Maslow", "title": "", "text": "Walter Maslow ( born January 16 , 1926 ) is an American film and television actor , originally from the Brooklyn borough of New York City . He appeared as Private Marty Green in the 1958 film Suicide Battalion and as Garnis in the 1961 motion picture Atlas . In 1958 , Maslow was cast as the outlaw Blackie Saunders in the first two episodes of the fourth season of the ABC/Desilu western television series , The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , with Hugh O'Brian in the title role as deputy Marshal Wyatt Earp . In the story line , Earp in the episode `` The Hole Up '' goes into the badlands to capture Blackie , who is wanted for murder and armed robbery . While Earp is away from Dodge City , Kansas , apprehending Blackie , in the episode `` The Peacemaker '' , Curly Bill Brocius ( William Phipps ) and Johnny Ringo ( Donald Murphy ) take over the town and demand that Mayor James H. `` Dog '' Kelley ( Paul Brinegar ) fire Earp and denounce him in a written statement and pay a $ 20,000 ransom to prevent the town from being torched . Earp returns with his prisoner Blackie , along with his new deputy , Shotgun Gibbs ( Morgan Woodward ) , to restore order . Earlier at the end of the third season , Maslow appeared three times as Dick Averill on The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , but only one episode was credited ." }, { "docid": "Mason_Alan_Dinehart", "title": "", "text": "For the father , see actor Alan Dinehart . Mason Alan Dinehart ( born April 30 , 1936 ) , also known as Mason Alan Dinehart III , Alan Dinehart III , or Mase Dinehart , is an American businessman and former actor best known for his role as a youthful Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes between 1955 and 1959 of the ABC/Desilu television series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role of the frontier marshal Wyatt Earp ." }, { "docid": "Damian_O'Flynn", "title": "", "text": "Damian O'Flynn ( January 29 , 1907 -- August 8 , 1982 ) was an Irish-American actor of film and television originally from Boston , Massachusetts . O'Flynn made his screen debut in Marked Woman ( 1937 ) , after which he was a freelance player for such studios as Warner Brothers , Paramount , and RKO Pictures . While serving in World War II , he was cast with several other actors-in-uniform in Winged Victory , a production of 20th Century Fox . O'Flynn appeared in many western films and television series . He was cast with Ben Cooper in Gunfight at Comanche Creek ( 1963 ) and had a bit part in The Far Country ( 1954 ) with Jimmy Stewart and Walter Brennan . He appeared in two secondary roles in sixty episodes of the American Broadcasting Company/Desilu series , The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , with Hugh O'Brian in the title role of Marshal Wyatt Earp . When the series was set in Dodge City , Kansas , O'Flynn played Judge Tobin ; when the locale was moved to Tombstone , Arizona , he became Dr. Goodfellow . In the `` Frontier Surgeon '' ( January 19 , 1960 ) episode of The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , Dr. Goodfellow must obtain a truce with Marshal Earp who is apprehending a wounded outlaw . The man will die if moved after surgery , but he does not wait the three days to recuperate out of distrust of Earp and the protection of the $ 15,000 loot he and his gang have taken from Wells Fargo . His acting career ended in 1969 , and he died in 1982 in Los Angeles , California ." }, { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp_(DJ)", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Earp or DJ Wyatt Earp is a USA house DJ , producer , musician , Beatport LLC . Member and private record label owner . Wyatt Earp ( AK Wyatt Jenkins ) was a DJ at nightclubs and Raves in the U.S. . He was based in Denver , Colorado . In Denver , he was a resident DJ at Rock Island , The Church , 1082 Broadway , Beta Nightclub , 2AM , Funky Buddha Lounge , Vinyl , Amerika and others ." }, { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp:_Frontier_Marshal", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Earp : Frontier Marshal ( 1931 ) was a best-selling but largely fictional biography of Wyatt Earp written by Stuart N. Lake and published by Houghton Mifflin Company . It was the first biography of Earp , supposedly written with his contributions . It established the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in the public consciousness and conveyed a mythic story about Wyatt Earp as a fearless lawman in the American Old West . Earp and his wife Josephine Earp tried to control the account , threatening legal action to persuade Lake to exclude Earp 's second wife from the book . When the book was published , neither woman was mentioned . Lake 's biography was adapted as the basis for at least three movies : Frontier Marshall ( 1934 ) ; Frontier Marshall ( 1939 ) ; and My Darling Clementine ( 1946 ) . The 1955 television series , The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp , was also based on Lake 's book ; its success made Lake into one of the first television moguls . A number of writers and researchers have been unable to document many of the stories found in the book , and it is now considered `` highly imaginative '' and `` largely fictional '' ." }, { "docid": "I_Married_Wyatt_Earp", "title": "", "text": "The 1976 book I Married Wyatt Earp was believed to be a memoir of his widow Josephine Earp , but was many years later described as a fraud , creative exercise , and a hoax . Originally published by the respected University of Arizona Press , it is the second best-selling book about western Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp ever sold . It was regarded for many years as a factual account that shed considerable light on the life of Wyatt Earp and his brothers in Tombstone , Arizona Territory . It was cited in scholarly works , assigned as classroom work , and used as a source by filmmakers . Amateur Earp historian Glenn Boyer said that the retouched image on the cover of a scantily-clad woman was of Josephine in her 20s , and based on his statements , copies of the image were later sold at auction for up to $ 2,875 . Boyer had a long-term relationship with members of the Earp family . He claimed that he used two manuscripts written by Josephine Earp as the basis for the memoir . The first was an account , allegedly composed by Josephine with the help of former Tombstone Mayor and The Tombstone Epitaph publisher John Clum , known as the `` Clum manuscript '' . The second , supposedly written by Josephine with the assistance of two Earp cousins , was known as the `` Cason manuscript '' . Josephine fiercely protected details of her and Wyatt 's early life in Tombstone , including her own life there and the existence of Wyatt Earp 's second wife , Mattie Blaylock , even threatening litigation to keep some details private . Josephine was repeatedly vague about her and Wyatt 's time in Arizona , so much so that the Earp cousins gave up collaborating with her and publishers refused to publish the manuscript . In 1994 , other Western researchers and rival authors of new Earp books identified alleged discrepancies in the book and began to challenge the authenticity of what they called the `` Clum manuscript '' . They also claimed to have identified factual errors and inconsistencies in other books published by Boyer , leading to an increasing number of questions about the veracity of his work . The risque cover image was linked to a photogravure titled Kaloma that had been first published by a novelty company in 1914 . A 1998 investigative article in the Phoenix New Times revealed that Boyer could not prove the Clum manuscript existed and refused to allow the reporter access to the source documentation . The article also disclosed that the university press ' editor encouraged Boyer to embellish the account . During the interview , Boyer said that he had a responsibility to protect the reputation of the Earp brothers , and that he `` had a license to say any darned thing I please ... -LSB- to -RSB- lie , cheat , and steal . '' Boyer found another publisher and continued to publish the work , representing it as an authentic history of Wyatt Earp 's life ." }, { "docid": "Frontier_Marshal_(1934_film)", "title": "", "text": "Frontier Marshal is a 1934 American Pre-Code Western film directed by Lewis Seiler and starring George O'Brien . Produced by Fox Film and Sol M. Wurtzel , the film is the first based on Stuart N. Lake 's enormously popular but largely fictitious `` biography '' of Wyatt Earp , Wyatt Earp : Frontier Marshal . A second version of the film , also produced by Wurtzel , was made in 1939 , and a third interpretation by John Ford entitled My Darling Clementine was released in 1946 . He supposedly wrote the book with Earp 's input , i and it portrays Earp as a fearless lawman . But before the first movie was released , his widow Josephine Earp sued 20th Century Fox for $ 50,000 in an attempt to keep them from making the film . She said it was an `` unauthorized portrayal '' of Wyatt Earp . She succeeded in getting Earp 's name completely excised from the movie . His character was renamed `` Michael Wyatt , '' and the movie was released as Frontier Marshal ." }, { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp's_Revenge", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Earp 's Revenge is a 2012 American Western film about the legendary lawman Wyatt Earp . It is a fictionalized account of an actual Old West event , the slaying of beautiful singer Dora Hand in Dodge City , Kansas , when Earp was a deputy there . In one of its many instances of dramatic license , the movie depicts Hand as Earp 's sweetheart . The film 's framing device is a reporter 's interview with an aging Earp , who reminisces about the tragedy . ( Val Kilmer plays the older Earp , while Shawn Roberts plays the younger one . ) The film was released on March 6 , 2012 , in the United States . The film was produced by Jeff Schenck and Barry Barnholtz and directed by Michael Feifer . The screenplay was written by Darren Benjamin Shepherd ." }, { "docid": "HMAS_Wyatt_Earp", "title": "", "text": "HMAS Wyatt Earp ( formerly known as FV Fanefjord , MV Wyatt Earp , and HMAS Wongala ) was a motor vessel commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) from 1939 to 1945 and again from 1947 to 1948 ." }, { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp:_Return_to_Tombstone", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Earp : Return to Tombstone is a 1994 independent film starring Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp , featuring new footage mixed with colorized sequences from O'Brian 's 1955-1961 television series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp . The supporting cast for the new footage includes Bruce Boxleitner , Paul Brinegar , Harry Carey , Jr. , Bo Hopkins , and Don Meredith . The colorized flashback archival footage from the original television series features Douglas Fowley as Doc Holliday and Lloyd Corrigan as Ned Buntline . The movie was directed by Paul Landres and Frank McDonald ." }, { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp_(card_game)", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Earp is a rummy-like card game first released in 2001 . The game is named after Wyatt Earp , a famous lawman , and is set in the American Old West . It is manufactured by Rio Grande Games and was created by Mike Fitzgerald and Richard Borg for Alea ." }, { "docid": "Doc_Holliday", "title": "", "text": "John Henry `` Doc '' Holliday ( August 14 , 1851 -- November 8 , 1887 ) was an American gambler , gunfighter , and dentist , and a good friend of Wyatt Earp . He is most well known for his role as a temporary deputy marshal in the events leading up to and following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral . At age 21 Holliday earned a degree in dentistry from the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery . He set up practice in Atlanta , Georgia , but he was soon diagnosed with tuberculosis , the same disease that had claimed his mother when he was 15 , having acquired it while tending to her needs while she was still in the contagious phase of the illness . Hoping the climate in the American Southwest would ease his symptoms , he moved to that region and became a gambler , a reputable profession in Arizona in that day . Over the next few years , he reportedly had several confrontations . While in Texas , he saved Wyatt Earp 's life and they became friends . In 1880 , he joined Earp in Las Vegas , New Mexico and then rode with him to Prescott , Arizona , and then Tombstone . In Tombstone , local outlaw cowboys repeatedly threatened him and spread rumors that he had robbed a stage . On October 26 , 1881 , Holliday was deputized by Tombstone city marshal Virgil Earp . The lawmen attempted to disarm five cowboys , which resulted in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral . Following the Tombstone shootout , Virgil Earp was maimed by hidden assailants and Morgan Earp was murdered . Unable to obtain justice in the courts , Wyatt Earp took matters into his own hands . As the recently appointed deputy U.S. marshal , Earp formally deputized Holliday , among others . As a federal posse , they pursued the outlaw cowboys they believed were responsible . They found Frank Stilwell lying in wait as Virgil boarded a train for California and killed him . The local sheriff issued a warrant for the arrest of five members of the posse , including Holliday . The federal posse killed three others during late March and early April , 1882 , before they rode to the New Mexico Territory . Wyatt Earp learned of an extradition request for Holliday and arranged for Colorado Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin to deny Holliday 's extradition . Holliday spent the few remaining years of his life in Colorado , and died of tuberculosis in his bed at the Glenwood Springs Hotel at age 36 . Holliday 's colorful life and character have been depicted in many books and portrayed by well-known actors in numerous movies and television series . Since his death , researchers have concluded that , contrary to popular myth-making , Holliday killed only one or two men ." }, { "docid": "Glenn_Boyer", "title": "", "text": "Glenn G. Boyer ( January 5 , 1924 - February 14 , 2013 ) was a controversial author who published three books and a number of articles about Wyatt Earp and related figures in the American Old West . He was the first person to reveal the existence of Wyatt Earp 's second wife , Mattie Blaylock . His publications were for many years regarded as the authoritative source on Wyatt Earp 's life . However , when other experts began to seek evidence supporting Boyer 's work , he would or could not prove the existence of documents that he said he owned and had cited as essential sources . In one case , an individual he cited as a key source was exposed as a complete fabrication . His reputation and the authenticity of his work was seriously damaged . Although he retained many supporters , his work became surrounded by controversy . One of his books , I Married Wyatt Earp , sold more than 35,000 copies and was the second-best selling book about Wyatt Earp . After many disagreements with University of Arizona press , who initially published the book , Boyer regained rights to the book and had it published by Longmeadow Press as a non-fiction autobiography . Boyer published over more than 30 years a number of books and articles . He was responsible for publishing the memoirs of Doc Holliday 's common-law wife Big Nose Kate , as well as the long-sought `` Flood Manuscript '' which had been written with Wyatt Earp 's direct input ." }, { "docid": "ASV_Wyatt_Earp", "title": "", "text": "The Antarctic Survey Vessel ( ASV ) Wyatt Earp ( ASV 01/DMS 329 ) is a survey launch operated by the Australian Hydrographic Service since 1993 . Based on the Royal Australian Navy 's Fantome-class survey launches , Wyatt Earp was built specifically for hydrographic survey duties in Antarctic waters ." }, { "docid": "The_Life_and_Legend_of_Wyatt_Earp", "title": "", "text": "The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp is the first western television series written for adults , premiering four days before Gunsmoke on September 6 , 1955 . It is loosely based on the life of frontier marshal Wyatt Earp . The half-hour black-and-white program aired for 229 episodes on ABC from 1955 to 1961 and featured Hugh O'Brian in the title role ." }, { "docid": "Earp,_California", "title": "", "text": "Earp , California is an unincorporated community in San Bernardino County in the Sonoran Desert close to the California/Arizona state line at the Colorado River in Parker Valley . The town , originally named Drennan in 1910 , was renamed Earp in 1929 . It was named for famed Old West lawman Wyatt Earp who with his common-law wife , Josephine Sarah Marcus , lived part-time in the area beginning in 1906 . Earp staked more than 100 copper and gold mining claims near the base of the Whipple Mountains . They bought a small cottage in nearby Vidal and lived there during the fall , winter and spring months of 1925 -- 1928 , while he worked his `` Happy Days '' mines in the Whipple Mountains a few miles north . It was the only permanent residence they owned the entire time they were married . They spent the winters of his last years working the claims but lived in Los Angeles during the summers , where Wyatt died on January 13 , 1929 . Though the town was never incorporated , the post office near Earp 's mining claims at the eastern terminus of Highway 62 near Parker , AZ was renamed `` Wyatt Earp , California '' after Earp 's death in 1930 with a ZIP code of 92242 . For amusement only there is a tiny cemetery showing the fake grave of Wyatt Earp ( his actual grave is in the Hills of Eternity Cemetery in Colma , near San Francisco ) . The post office is more than 220 mi from the county seat in San Bernardino , California ; further than any other in the county . The entire region on the California side falls under area code 760 . Unofficial alternate names of the area are listed as Drenna and Drennan ." }, { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Earp is a 1994 American semi-biographical Western film directed by Lawrence Kasdan and co-written by Kasdan and Dan Gordon . It stars Kevin Costner in the title role as lawman Wyatt Earp , and features an ensemble cast that includes Gene Hackman , Mark Harmon , Michael Madsen , Bill Pullman , Dennis Quaid , Isabella Rossellini , Tom Sizemore , JoBeth Williams , and Mare Winningham ." }, { "docid": "O.K._Corral_hearing_and_aftermath", "title": "", "text": "The O.K. Corral hearing and aftermath was the direct result of the 30-second Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone , Arizona Territory on October 26 , 1881 . During that confrontation , Deputy U.S. Marshal and Tombstone Town Marshal Virgil Earp , Assistant Town Marshal Morgan Earp , and temporary deputy marshals Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday shot and killed Billy Clanton , and Tom and Frank McLaury . Billy 's brother Ike , who had repeatedly threatened to kill the Earps for some time , had been present at the gunfight but was unarmed and fled . He filed murder charges against the Earps and Doc Holliday on October 30 . In an unusual preliminary hearing , Justice of the Peace Wells Spicer heard testimony from a large number of witnesses during the next 30 days . Friends of the Cowboys , most notably Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan , testified that the Cowboys had thrown up their hands or opened their coats and been shot in cold blood . Initially persuasive , his testimony motivated Spicer to jail Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday who had been free on bond . ( Virgil and Morgan were recuperating from their wounds . ) Friends of the lawman and several key neutral witnesses then testified that the Cowboys had drawn their guns and that Virgil Earp had called out , `` Hold , I do n't want that ! '' or words to that effect . In a lengthy ruling , Spicer concluded there was no basis for a trial . Although he criticized Virgil Earp 's use of Wyatt and Holliday as deputies , he concluded that no laws were broken by the lawmen . He said the evidence indicated that the Earps and Holliday acted within the law and that Holliday and Wyatt had been properly deputized by Virgil . He described Frank McLaury 's insistence that he would not give up his weapons unless the marshal and his deputies also gave up their arms as a `` proposition both monstrous and startling ! '' The Earps were freed from jail , but the blood feud between the lawmen and their friends and the Cowboys and their allies escalated . On December 14 , Judge Spicer received a threatening letter from `` a miner '' who threatened to kill him and told him to leave Tombstone . On the same day , someone tried to kill Tombstone Mayor John Clum , who was a member of the Citizens Safety Committee and publisher of The Tombstone Epitaph that had consistently supported the Earps . On December 28 , 1881 , Virgil Earp was ambushed and hit by a shotgun round that crippled his left arm . The Earps thought they knew who the perpetrators were , but witnesses provided alibis for them . On March 18 , Morgan was killed while playing billiards . An assassin shot him through the window of a door that opened up into an alley . A bullet intended for Wyatt struck close above his head . Once again , the Earps believed they knew the men responsible , but the testimony of a key witness was inadmissible and the Cowboys were not charged . Wyatt assumed Virgil 's duties as Deputy U.S. Marshal for eastern Pima County . He concluded that he could not rely on the courts for justice and decided to take matters into his own hands . He decided that the only way to deal with the Earp 's enemies was to kill them . He assembled a federal posse that intercepted Frank Stilwell laying in wait near the train station in Tucson and killed him . They then scoured the countryside looking for the others they believed responsible . During early April , 1882 , Wyatt and his posse tracked down and killed Florentino `` Indian Charlie '' Cruz , Curly Bill Brocius , and Johnny Barnes , three of the men they believed were responsible for their brothers ' ambush and murder . The ride for vengeance came to be called the Earp Vendetta Ride . Five of the Earp party was wanted on a warrant for killing Frank Stilwell , and they left Arizona Territory and never returned ." }, { "docid": "Josephine_Earp", "title": "", "text": "Josephine Sarah `` Sadie '' Earp ( née Marcus ; 1860 -- December 19 , 1944 ) was the common-law wife of Wyatt Earp , a famed Old West lawman and gambler . She met Wyatt in 1881 in the frontier boom town of Tombstone , Arizona Territory , when she was living with Johnny Behan , sheriff of Cochise County , Arizona . Josephine was born in New York to a Prussian Jewish family ; her father was a baker . They moved to San Francisco , where Josephine attended dance school as a girl . When her father had difficulty finding work , the family moved in with her older sister and brother-in-law in a working-class tenement . Josephine ran away , possibly as early as age 14 , and traveled to Arizona , where she had an `` adventure '' . Much of her life from about 1874 to 1880 is uncertain ; she worked hard to keep this period of her life private , even threatening legal action against writers and movie producers . She may have arrived in Prescott , Arizona as early as 1874 . There is some evidence that she lived in Prescott and Tip Top , Arizona Territory under the assumed name of Sadie Mansfield , and worked as a prostitute from 1874 to 1876 , before becoming ill and returning to San Francisco . The name Sadie Mansfield was also recorded in Tombstone . Researchers have found that the two names share extremely similar characteristics and circumstances . Later in life Josephine described her first years in Arizona as `` a bad dream '' . What is known for certain is that she traveled to Tombstone using the name Josephine Marcus in October , 1880 . She wrote that she met Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan when she was 17 and he was 33 . He promised to marry her and she joined him in Tombstone . He reneged but persuaded her to stay . Behan was sympathetic to ranchers and certain outlaw Cowboys , who were at odds with Deputy U.S. Marshal Virgil Earp and his brothers , Wyatt and Morgan . Josephine left Behan in 1881 , before the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral , during which Wyatt and his brothers killed three Cowboys . She went to San Francisco in March 1882 and was joined that fall by Wyatt , with whom she remained in a common-law marriage for 46 years until his death . Josephine and Wyatt moved throughout their life , from one boomtown to another , until they finally bought a cottage in the Sonoran Desert town of Vidal , California on the Colorado River , where they spent the cooler seasons . In the summer they retreated to Los Angeles , where Wyatt struck up relationships with some of the early cowboy actors , including William S. Hart and Tom Mix . Josephine Earp and her relationship to Wyatt became known after amateur historian Glenn Boyer published his book , I Married Wyatt Earp , based on a manuscript allegedly written in part by her . Boyer 's book was considered a factual memoir , and cited by scholars , studied in classrooms , and used as a source by filmmakers for 32 years . In 1998 , reporters and scholars found that Boyer could not document many of the facts he wrote about the time period in Tombstone . Some critics described the book as a fraud and a hoax , and the University of Arizona withdrew the book from its catalog ." }, { "docid": "Warren_Earp", "title": "", "text": "Warren Baxter Earp ( March 9 , 1855 -- July 6 , 1900 ) was the youngest brother of Wyatt , Morgan , Virgil , James , and Newton Earp . Although he was not present during the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral , after Virgil was maimed in an ambush , Warren joined Wyatt and was in town when Morgan was assassinated . He also helped Wyatt in the hunt for the outlaws they believed responsible . Later in life , Warren developed a reputation as a bully and was killed in an argument in 1900 ." }, { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp_Islands", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Earp Islands are a small group of islands and rocks off the northern extremity of the Vestfold Hills , about 0.5 nmi north of Walkabout Rocks . Mapped from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition ( 1936 -- 37 ) and named `` Norsteholmen '' by Norwegian cartographers . In January 1939 a landing was made at nearby Walkabout Rocks from the Wyatt Earp , after which the islands were renamed by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia ( ANCA ) ." }, { "docid": "Mount_Wyatt_Earp", "title": "", "text": "Mount Wyatt Earp is a mainly snow-covered peak , 2,370 m , standing 3 nautical miles ( 6 km ) west-northwest of Mount Ulmer in the north part of Sentinel Range , Antarctica . It is connected to Matsch Ridge and Mount Ulmer by Skamni Saddle . The mountain was discovered by Lincoln Ellsworth on his trans-Antarctic flight of November 23 , 1935 . Named by the US-ACAN for the ship Wyatt Earp , used by Ellsworth in four expeditions to Antarctica between 1933 and 1939 ." }, { "docid": "Johnny_Behan", "title": "", "text": "John Harris Behan ( October 24 , 1844 -- June 7 , 1912 ) was sheriff of Cochise County , Arizona Territory during the gunfight at the O.K. Corral and was known for his opposition to the Earps . Behan was sheriff of Yavapai County from 1871 to 1873 . He was married , and had two children , but his wife divorced him , accusing him of consorting with prostitutes . He was elected to the Seventh Arizona Legislative Assembly , representing Yavapai County . In 1881 , Wyatt Earp served for about five months as undersheriff of the eastern half of Pima County . When Wyatt resigned , Behan was appointed to fill his place , which included the mining boomtown Tombstone . When Cochise County was formed in February 1881 , Behan was appointed as its first sheriff . Tombstone became the new county seat and Behan 's headquarters . Sadie Marcus was his mistress , possibly as early as 1875 in Tip Top , Arizona , and certainly from 1880 until she found him in bed with another woman and kicked him out in mid-1881 . After the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral , Behan testified at length against the Earps . He supported the cowboys ' statements that they had raised their hands and offered no resistance , and that the Earps and Doc Holliday had murdered three cowboys . After the Earps were exonerated , Deputy U.S. Marshal Virgil Earp was maimed in an ambush on December 28 , 1881 , and assistant deputy Morgan Earp was killed by assassins on March 19 , 1882 . The outlaw cowboys named as suspects in both shootings were either let go on a technicality or were provided alibis by fellow cowboys . Wyatt Earp killed one of the suspects , Frank Stilwell , in Tucson . Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt and his federal posse set out after other suspects , pursued by Behan and his county posse composed mostly of cowboys . Behan 's posse never caught up with the much smaller federal posse . The Earps left Tombstone under a cloud of suspicion . Sadie left Tombstone for San Francisco in early 1882 , and Wyatt Earp followed her to San Francisco , where they began a lifelong relationship that lasted 46 years . Behan was arrested for graft and later failed to win reelection as Sheriff . He later was appointed as the warden of the Yuma Territorial Prison and had various other government jobs until his death in 1912 ." }, { "docid": "Frank_Stilwell", "title": "", "text": "Frank C. Stilwell ( ca. 1856 -- March 20 , 1882 ) was an outlaw Cowboy who killed at least two men in Cochise County during 1877 -- 82 . Both killings were considered to have been self-defense . For four months he was a deputy sheriff in Tombstone , Arizona Territory for Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan . Stilwell owned interests in several mines and various businesses , including a saloon , a wholesale liquor business , a stage line , and at his death livery stables in Charleston and Bisbee . He was also a partner in a Bisbee-area saloon with ex-Texas Ranger Pete Spence . He was closely involved in the events leading up to and following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on October 26 , 1881 , and was suspected in the murder of Morgan Earp on March 18 , 1882 . Two days after Morgan 's death , Frank Stilwell was killed by Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp in a Tucson train yard . Arrest warrants were issued for Earp and four others in his gang suspected of murdering Stilwell . Murder indictments were issued at Pima County for Wyatt Earp , Doc Holliday , Warren Earp , Sherman McMaster and John Johnson . Earp agreed to turn himself in but instead fled the Arizona Territory for Colorado . Wyatt Earp admitted late in his life to killing Stilwell at close range with a shotgun ." }, { "docid": "Wyatt_Earp's_Old_West", "title": "", "text": "Wyatt Earp 's Old West is a computer game developed by Grolier Electronic Publishing in 1994 for the IBM PC ." }, { "docid": "Earp_Vendetta_Ride", "title": "", "text": "The Earp Vendetta Ride was a search by Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp , leading a federal posse , for outlaw Cowboys they believed had ambushed and maimed Virgil Earp and killed Morgan Earp . The Earp brothers had been attacked in retaliation for the deaths of three Cowboys in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on October 26 , 1881 . From March 20 to April 15 , 1882 , the federal posse searched southeast Cochise County , Arizona Territory for suspects in both Virgil 's and Morgan 's attacks . Several suspects had been freed by the court , owing in some cases to legal technicalities and in others to the strength of alibis provided by Cowboy confederates . Up to this point , Wyatt had relied on the legal system to bring the Cowboys to justice . Now he felt he had to take matters into his own hands . On March 20 , two days after Morgan 's murder , Wyatt , his brothers Warren and James , Doc Holliday , and two other deputies were escorting Virgil and his wife Allie to a California-bound train in Benson . They learned that suspects Ike Clanton and Frank Stilwell were already in Tucson . Wyatt changed plans and stayed with Virgil through to Tucson . After Virgil boarded the train that night , Wyatt spotted two men near the train that he thought were Clanton and Stilwell . He and several men chased Stilwell down and killed him . The other person got away . After Stilwell 's body was found the next morning , the Tucson Justice of the Peace issued warrants for the arrest of the five men suspected of shooting him . When the lawmen returned to Tombstone , Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan got a telegram notifying him of the Tucson warrants . He attempted to detain the five members of Earps federal posse sought by the warrants , but they ignored him . Carrying arrest warrants for Curly Bill Brocius and others , they left Tombstone to find the Cowboys implicated in the attacks . Behan formed a Cochise County sheriff 's posse consisting of deputies Phineas Clanton , Johnny Ringo , and about twenty other Cowboys and Arizona ranchers . Based on the local warrants , they followed the Earp posse and set out to arrest the five men . The large sheriff 's posse came close to but never engaged the much smaller Earp posse . The latter received help from local businessmen and ranchers , and at one point , published a letter in a Tombstone newspaper taunting Behan and his men . The federal posse ultimately killed four men . These deaths started with the shooting of Stilwell and ended with the killing of Brocius . On about April 15 the Earps and some of their associates rode out of Arizona Territory and headed for New Mexico Territory ." } ]
86567	Toronto is the least populous city in Canada.	[ { "docid": "Ontario", "title": "", "text": "Ontario ( -LSB- ɒnˈtɛərioʊ -RSB- -LSB- ɔ̃taʁjo -RSB- ) , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2700 km border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the west at Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These are the Rainy River , the Pigeon River , Lake Superior , the St. Marys River , Lake Huron , the St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , the Detroit River , Lake Erie , the Niagara River , Lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km of land border made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is located in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested ." }, { "docid": "Toronto", "title": "", "text": "Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario . With a population of 2,731,571 , it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City , New York City , and Los Angeles . Toronto is the centre of the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , the most populous metropolitan area in Canada , and anchors the Golden Horseshoe , a heavily urbanized region that is home to 9.2 million people , or over 26 % of the population of Canada . A global city , Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years . The city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe , used by the Wyandot , Iroquois , and the Mississauga . Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s , after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787 , when the Mississaugas surrendered the area to the British Crown . The British established the town of York , and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by U.S. troops . York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834 , and became the capital of the province of Ontario during Canadian Confederation in 1867 . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2 . Located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario , Toronto is situated on a broad sloping plateau intersected by an extensive network of rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , with 140 independently unique and clearly defined official neighbourhoods making up the city . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada , with nearly 50 % of residents belonging to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins represented among its inhabitants . While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language , there are over 160 different languages spoken in the city . Toronto is a prominent centre for music , theatre , motion picture production , and television production , and is home to the headquarters of Canada 's major national broadcast networks and media outlets . Its varied cultural institutions , which include numerous museums and galleries , festivals and public events , entertainment districts , national historic sites , and sports activities , attract over 25 million tourists each year . Toronto is known for its many skyscrapers and high-rise buildings , in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere , the CN Tower . As Canada 's commercial capital , the city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange , the headquarters of Canada 's five largest banks , and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations . Its economy is highly diversified with strengths in technology , design , financial services , life sciences , education , arts , fashion , business services , environmental innovation , food services , and tourism ." } ]	[ { "docid": "List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada", "title": "", "text": "The table below lists the census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada by population , using data from the Canada 2016 Census . Each entry is identified as a census metropolitan area ( CMA ) or a census agglomeration ( CA ) as defined by Statistics Canada . Any other census subdivision that comprises at least 10 per cent of the CMA or CA population is listed in parentheses . Note that a city 's metropolitan area in colloquial or administrative terms may be different from its CMA as defined by Statistics Canada , resulting in differing populations . Such is the case with the Greater Toronto Area where its metro population is notably higher than its CMA population due to its inclusion of the neighbouring Oshawa CMA to the east and the Burlington portion of the neighbouring Hamilton CMA to the west ." }, { "docid": "List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_British_Columbia", "title": "", "text": "The table below lists the census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in British Columbia by population , using data from the Canada 2011 Census . Each entry is identified as a census metropolitan area ( CMA ) or a census agglomeration ( CA ) as defined by Statistics Canada . Any other census subdivision that comprises at least 10 percent of the CMA or CA population is listed in parentheses . A city 's metropolitan area in colloquial or administrative terms may be different from its CMA as defined by Statistics Canada , resulting in differing populations . Such is the case with the Greater Toronto Area and the National Capital Region , in the separate provinces of Ontario , where their metropolitan populations are notably higher than their respective CMA populations . Statistics Canada listed 19 CMAs and CAs at the Canada 2011 Census ." }, { "docid": "Mississauga", "title": "", "text": "Mississauga -LSB- mɪsɪˈsɒɡə -RSB- Also pronounced -LSB- ˌmɪsɪˈsɔːɡə -RSB- : Dictionary Reference : Mississauga , The Free Dictionary : Mississauga is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario . Situated in Southern Ontario , it lies on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel . It is part of the Greater Toronto Area , to the west of Toronto . The city has a population of 721,599 as of the Canada 2016 Census , and is Canada 's sixth-most populous municipality . A suburb of Toronto , Mississauga 's growth is attributed to its proximity to that city . It is the largest suburb in Anglo-America by population . In recent decades , the city has attracted a multicultural population and has plans for developing its downtown core . Residents of the city are called Mississaugans or Saugans . Toronto Pearson International Airport , Canada 's busiest airport , is located in the city , and it is the location of many major corporate headquarters for Canada ." }, { "docid": "Golden_Horseshoe", "title": "", "text": "The Golden Horseshoe is a region of Southern Ontario , Canada , which lies at the western end of Lake Ontario with outer boundaries stretching south to Lake Erie and north to Georgian Bay . The region is the most densely populated and industrialized in Canada . Most of it is also part of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area , Quebec City -- Windsor Corridor and the Great Lakes Megalopolis . With a population of 9.39 million people in 2016 , the Golden Horseshoe makes up over 26 % of the population of Canada and contains more than 68 % of Ontario 's population , making it one of the largest population concentrations in North America . The area has a greater population than the entire province of Quebec or the three Prairie provinces , four Atlantic provinces , and three northern territories combined . Although it is a geographically named secondary region of Southern Ontario , the Greater Golden Horseshoe is also used today to describe a broader region that stretches from the area of the Trent -- Severn Waterway to at least the Grand River area , including centres outside of the core region . The core of the region starts from Niagara Falls at the eastern end of the Niagara Peninsula and extends west , wrapping around the western end of Lake Ontario at Hamilton and then turning northeast to its anchor city Toronto ( on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario ) , before finally terminating at Oshawa , just east of Toronto . The wider region spreads inland in all directions away from the Lake Ontario shoreline , southwest to Brantford , west to the Waterloo Region area , north to Barrie , and northeast to Peterborough . The whole region 's area covers approximately 33500 km2 , out of this , 7300 km2 or approximately 22 % of the area is covered by the environmentally protected Greenbelt ." }, { "docid": "Old_Toronto", "title": "", "text": "Old Toronto is the retronym of the original city of Toronto , Ontario , Canada , from 1834 to 1998 . It was first incorporated as a city in 1834 , after being known as the Town of York , and became part of York County . In 1954 , it became the administrative headquarters for Metropolitan Toronto . It expanded in size by annexation of surrounding municipalities , reaching its final boundaries in 1967 . Finally , in 1998 , it was amalgamated into the present-day `` megacity '' of Toronto . Historically , `` Old Toronto '' referred to Toronto 's boundaries before the Great Toronto Fire of 1904 , when much of city 's development was to the east of Yonge Street . Post-amalgamation , the former city is variously referred to as the `` former city of Toronto '' or `` Old Toronto '' . It is sometimes referred to as `` downtown '' since Downtown Toronto is located in the central part of the district . Old Toronto has a high population density and would be the densest in Canada ( third most in North America ) among cities with a population over 250,000 if it were a separate city ." }, { "docid": "List_of_population_centres_in_Ontario", "title": "", "text": "Population centre , in Canadian census data , is a populated place , or a cluster of interrelated populated places , which meets the demographic characteristics of an urban area , having a population of at least 1,000 people and a population density of no fewer than 400 persons per square km2 . Note that a population centre does not necessarily correspond to the political boundaries of a city or town ; areas outside of a municipality may be included in its population centre where urban development is continuous , and areas inside a municipality may be excluded from its population centre if they are less densely populated . For example , the population centre of Toronto includes parts of the adjacent but politically distinct Durham , Halton , Peel and York regions , while the population centre of Ottawa does not include some communities within the city boundaries , such as Manotick , Osgoode or Goulbourn . A single municipality may also include more than one distinct population centre ; for example , the cities of Ottawa , Hamilton and Greater Sudbury each have one `` large urban '' population centre and a number of separate `` medium '' or `` small '' population centres for smaller communities which are located within the city boundaries but are separated from the main urban core by a band of less urbanized or unpopulated area . The term was first introduced in the Canada 2011 Census ; prior to that , Statistics Canada used the term urban area . In the 2011 census , Statistics Canada listed 270 population centres in the province of Ontario ." }, { "docid": "Vaughan", "title": "", "text": "Vaughan ( -LSB- vɔːn -RSB- ; 2016 population 306,233 ) is a city in Ontario , Canada . It is within the region of York , just north of Toronto . Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 , achieving a population growth rate of 80.2 % according to Statistics Canada having nearly doubled in population since 1991 . It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area , and the 17th largest city in Canada ." }, { "docid": "Al_Rahman_Islamic_Center", "title": "", "text": "The Al Rahman Islamic Center is a storefront mosque in Mississauga , Ontario , Canada , a city of 734,000 west of Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Forty to fifty Muslim families pray at the mosque . At least 6 of the people arrested in the 2006 Toronto terrorism case worshipped regularly at the mosque ." }, { "docid": "Demographics_of_Toronto", "title": "", "text": "The demographics of Toronto , Ontario , Canada make Toronto one of the most multicultural cities in the world . Data released by Statistics Canada as part of the 2006 census indicated that 49.9 % of Toronto 's population is foreign-born . According to the 2011 National Household Survey ( NHS ) performed by Statistics Canada , that percentage had dropped - only slightly - to 48.6 % . The most common reported ethnic origins of Toronto residents are those from England ( 12.9 % ) , China ( 12.0 % ) , Canada ( 11.3 % ) , Ireland ( 9.7 % ) , Scotland ( 9.5 % ) , India ( 7.6 % ) , Italy ( 6.9 % ) , the Philippines ( 5.5 % ) , Germany ( 4.6 % ) , France ( 4.5 % ) , Poland ( 3.8 % ) , Portugal ( 3.6 % ) , and Jamaica ( 3.2 % ) , or are of Jewish ethnic origin ( 3.1 % ) . There is also a significant population of Ukrainians ( 2.5 % ) , Russians ( 2.4 % ) , Sri Lankans ( 2.3 % ) , Spanish ( 2.2 % ) , Greeks ( 2.2 % ) , Koreans ( 1.5 % ) , Dutch ( 1.5 % ) , Iranians ( 1.4 % ) , Vietnamese ( 1.4 % ) , Pakistanis ( 1.2 % ) , Hungarians ( 1.2 % ) , Guyanese ( 1.1 % ) , and Welsh ( 1.0 % ) . Communities of Afghans , Albanians , Arabs , Barbadians , Bangladeshis , Bulgarians , Colombians , Croats , Ecuadorians , Ethiopians , Grenadians , Macedonians , Mexicans , Nepalis , Romanians , Salvadorans , Serbs , Somalis , Tibetans , Trinidadians , and Vincentians are also recognized . Established ethnic neighbourhoods such as Chinatown , Corso Italia , Little Italy , Little India , Greektown , Koreatown , Little Jamaica , Little Portugal and Roncesvalles celebrate the city 's multiculturalism . Christianity is the largest faith group in Toronto 's census metropolitan area , adhered to by 56.7 % of the population , with Roman Catholics in particular being 30.4 % of the population . 21.1 % of the population has no religious affiliation . Islam is the second most popular religion with 8.2 % of the population , followed by Hinduism at 5.9 % . As regards Protestant denominations , the Anglican Church accounts for 4.1 % of the population , with the United Church of Canada only slightly lagging , at 3.7 % . The Eastern stream of Christianity is adhered to by that 3.7 % of the population of the Toronto CMA that are Christian Orthodox . Judaism is the religion of 3.0 % of Torontonians , closely followed by Sikhism , which is the religion for 2.9 % of the population ; there are also 2.2 % of residents of the Toronto CMA that are Buddhists . Protestant denominations such as Pentecostalism ( 1.8 % ) , Presbyterianism ( 1.7 % ) , and Baptists ( 1.5 % ) follow . While English is the predominant language spoken by Torontonians , Statistics Canada reports that other language groups are significant , including Chinese varieties ( particularly Cantonese and Mandarin ) , Italian , Punjabi , Spanish , Tagalog , Urdu , Tamil , Portuguese , Persian , Arabic , Russian , Polish , Gujarati , Korean , Vietnamese , and Greek . Canada 's other official language , French , is spoken by 1.2 % of the population . Of the 25 City of Toronto MPs , 11 are of non-British/non-French origin , and in particular : Chinese ( 3 ) , Jewish ( 2 ) , East Indian ( 1 ) , Iranian ( 1 ) , Italian ( 1 ) , Pakistani ( 1 ) , Polish ( 1 ) , Somali ( 1 ) . Taking into account the whole of GTA : East Indian ( 10 ) , Chinese ( 4 ) , Jewish ( 3 ) , German ( 2 ) , Iranian ( 2 ) , Italian ( 2 ) , Danish ( 1 ) , Grenadian ( 1 ) , Pakistani ( 1 ) , Polish ( 1 ) , Portuguese ( 1 ) , Somali ( 1 ) , Syrian ( 1 ) ." }, { "docid": "Cape_Verdean_Canadians", "title": "", "text": "Cape Verdeans in Canada are Canadian residents whose ancestry originated in Cape Verde . Cape Verdean immigration to Canada began in the late 19th century with just a few people . The first Cape Verdean immigrants arrived aboard ships which would pick up passengers in Cape Verde . Cape Verdean immigration grew noticeably in the 1960s as Cape Verde suffered drought , famine , economic decline , poverty , and conscription . `` According to Canadian census data of 1991 , only 55 people of Cape Verdean birth were then living in Canada . This figure seems to be low , since Cape Verdeans are known to reside in several major Canadian cities , including Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . In Toronto alone their number is estimated to be at least 300 ( including those born in Canada ) , a number that is likely to increase in the incoming years . '' Université de Montréal professor , Deirdre Meintel , estimates the number to be closer to 500 . She attributes this to various factors including immigrants from Angola and Mozambique who are of Cape Verdean descent . Additionally , some Cape Verdeans may have identified as Portuguese or Black Canadians , making an accurate number difficult to obtain . Unofficial estimates by Cape Verdean community leaders and officials put the population at 4,000 . The population has become large enough to create a Caboverdeano Clube in Toronto and support Cape Verdean restaurants . The immigrants typically come from the islands of Brava , Fogo , Maio , and Santiago . Deirdre predicts that with time the Cape Verdean-Canadian population will continue to grow . Cape Verdean/Canadian , Author/Motivational Speaker Don Xavier was born in Fogo , Cape Verde ." }, { "docid": "Brampton", "title": "", "text": "Brampton ( -LSB- ˈbræmptən -RSB- or -LSB- ˈbræmtən -RSB- ) is a city in Southern Ontario , Canada . It is a suburban city in the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) and the seat of Peel Region . The city has a population of 593,638 as of the Canada 2016 Census . Brampton is Canada 's ninth-most populous municipality and the third most populous city in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Region , behind Toronto and Mississauga . Brampton was incorporated as a village in 1853 , taking its name from the market town of Brampton , in Cumbria , England . The city was once known as `` The Flower Town of Canada '' , a title based on its large greenhouse industry . Today , Brampton 's major economic sectors include advanced manufacturing , retail administration and logistics , information and communication technologies , food and beverage , life sciences and business services ." }, { "docid": "Regional_Municipality_of_Peel", "title": "", "text": "The Regional Municipality of Peel ( also known as the Region of Peel or Peel Region ) is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario , Canada . It consists of three municipalities to the west and northwest of Toronto : the cities of Brampton and Mississauga , and the town of Caledon . The entire region is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of Golden Horseshoe . The regional seat is in Brampton . With a population of 1,296,814 ( 2011 census ) , Peel Region is the second-largest municipality in Ontario after Toronto . Owing to immigration and its transportation infrastructure ( with seven 400-series highways serving the region , and Toronto Pearson International Airport located completely within its boundaries ) . Mississauga occupies the southernmost portion of the region , and is , with 713,443 residents , the largest in population ( the sixth largest in Canada ) . It reaches from Lake Ontario north to near Highway 407 . In the centre is Brampton , a city of 523,911 ( ranked 9th by population in Canada ) . Finally , by far the largest in area and the most sparsely populated part of the region is Caledon , which is home to 59,460 residents ." }, { "docid": "Greater_Toronto_Area", "title": "", "text": "The Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) is the most populous metropolitan area in Canada . As of the 2016 census , it has a population of 6,417,516 , and has a census metropolitan area population of 5,928,040 . The Greater Toronto Area is defined as the central city of Toronto , and the four regional municipalities that surround it : Durham , Halton , Peel , and York . The regional span of the Greater Toronto Area is sometimes combined with the city of Hamilton , Ontario and its surrounding region , to form the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area . The Greater Toronto Area anchors a much larger unofficial urban agglomeration known as the Golden Horseshoe and an area officially designated as the Greater Golden Horseshoe ." }, { "docid": "Greater_Toronto_and_Hamilton_Area", "title": "", "text": "The Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area ( GTHA ) is a contiguous urban region that is composed of some of the largest cities and metropolitan areas by population in Ontario , Canada . The GTHA consists of the City of Hamilton , Halton region , Peel region , the City of Toronto , York region , and Durham region . Hamilton , though bordering Toronto 's suburbs , is outside the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) . The GTA population is 6,417,516 ( 2016 census ) . Beginning in the late-2000s , the term `` Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area '' was introduced by a few public bodies to refer to the GTA plus the former Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth . The population of the combined area is 7,165,061 as of 2011 , and is projected to grow to 8.6 million by 2031 ." }, { "docid": "Markham,_Ontario", "title": "", "text": "Markham ( -LSB- ˈmɑrkəm -RSB- 2016 population 328,966 ) is a city in the Regional Municipality of York within the Greater Toronto Area of Southern Ontario , Canada . It is located approximately 30 km northeast of Downtown Toronto . Markham 's population in 2015 was estimated at 342,000 through The Region of York population census data monitoring . The city is the fourth-most populous community within the Greater Toronto Area after Toronto , Mississauga and Brampton and is the York region 's most populous municipality . Markham is also Canada 's 16th largest city . Markham changed its status from town to city on July 1 , 2012 . The city gained its name from the first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada , John Graves Simcoe ( in office 1791 -- 1796 ) , who named the area after his friend , William Markham , the Archbishop of York from 1776 to 1807 . The first European settlement in Markham occurred when William Berczy , a German artist and developer , led a group of approximately sixty-four German families to North America . While they planned to settle in New York , disputes over finances and land tenure led Berczy to negotiate with Simcoe for 64,000 acre in Markham Township in 1794 . Through much of Markham 's history the community has been described as an agricultural community . A turn towards a more urbanized community within the township began after World War II when the township began to feel the effects of urban encroachment from Toronto . The completion of Highway 404 during the mid-1970s accelerated urban development in Markham . tertiary industry mainly drives Markham . `` business services '' employed the largest proportion of workers in Markham -- nearly 22 % of its labour force . The city also has over 1,100 technology and life-sciences companies , with IBM as the city 's largest employer . A number of multinational companies also have their Canadian headquarters located in Markham , including : Honda Canada , Hyundai , Advanced Micro Devices , Johnson & Johnson , Avaya , IBM , Motorola , Oracle , Toshiba , Toyota Financial Services and Honeywell ." }, { "docid": "List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Calgary", "title": "", "text": "″ At a municipal population of as of April 1 , 2016 , and a metropolitan population of as of July 1 , 2016 , Calgary is both the largest city and largest metropolitan area in the Canadian province of Alberta . In Calgary , the tallest building in the city is Brookfield Place , which is currently under construction and scheduled for completion in late 2017 . Standing at 56 stories , 247 m , it is the tallest building in Canada outside of Toronto . The second-tallest building in the city is The Bow , standing at 58-storeys , 236 m . The third-tallest building in the city is Suncor Energy Centre , standing at 215 m tall with 53 storeys , which is to be overtaken by Telus Sky in 2018 , standing at 222 m and 59 storeys tall . The Calgary Tower is included in this list for comparison purposes ; however , it is not ranked since it is not considered a habitable building . Calgary 's history of towers began with the Grain Exchange Building ( 1910 ) , the Fairmont Palliser Hotel ( 1914 ) , and the Elveden Centre . Building construction remained slow in the city until the early 1970s . From 1970 to 1990 , Calgary witnessed a major expansion of skyscraper and high-rise construction . Many of the city 's office towers were completed during this period , such as the First Canadian Centre and the Canterra Tower office towers . A ten-year lull in building construction came after the expansion , though Calgary experienced a larger second building expansion beginning in the late 90s and continuing into the present . Currently , the city has height restrictions that prevent any building from casting a shadow over the Bow River and the city hall , however , winter months are excluded from this limit . There is no other imposed limits elsewhere in the city , which could allow for some extremely tall buildings . The Bow Tower was originally rumored to be at least 1000 feet tall but reduced to comply with these rules . Calgary hosts 369 buildings over 35 m complete and under construction , 83 of which are 100 m or more and are all in the downtown area . This is the second highest concentration of skyscrapers in Canada , second to Downtown Toronto . , there are 14 skyscrapers over 100 m under construction , along with another 30 skyscrapers over 100 m approved and proposed , with a further 56 high-rises over 35 m under construction , approved for construction , and proposed for construction in the City of Calgary . After this skyscraper boom , Calgary 's skyline will have dramatically changed , having added at least the tallest and third tallest buildings in Western Canada between 2016 and 2018 , Brookfield Place East and Telus Sky respectively ." }, { "docid": "List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Toronto", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of National Historic Sites ( Lieux historiques nationaux du Canada ) in Canada 's most populous city , Toronto , Ontario . There are 36 National Historic Sites in Toronto . The first National Historic Site to be designated in the city was Fort York in 1923 . National Historic Sites located elsewhere in Ontario are listed at List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Ontario , with additional breakout lists for some cities . These sites are part of a federal designation program that includes National Historic Events and National Historic Persons . Each is typically marked by a federal plaque . Certain sites are part of the national park system , administered by Parks Canada , though there are none in Toronto . Bead Hill National Historic Site , in eastern Scarborough , is slated to join the park system once Rouge National Urban Park is expanded to include that area . It would become Toronto 's only National Historic Site in the national park system . This list uses names designated by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada , which may differ from other names for these sites ." }, { "docid": "List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Toronto", "title": "", "text": "This list of tallest buildings in Toronto ranks skyscrapers in the Canadian city of Toronto , Ontario by height . The tallest structure in Toronto is the CN Tower , which rises 553 m . The CN Tower was the tallest free-standing structure on land from 1975 until 2007 . However , it is not generally considered a high-rise building as it does not have successive floors that can be occupied . The tallest habitable building in the city is First Canadian Place , which rises 298 metres ( 978 ft ) tall in Toronto 's Financial District and was completed in 1975 . It also stands as the tallest building in Canada . The history of skyscrapers in Toronto began in 1894 with the construction of the Beard Building , which is often regarded as the first skyscraper in the city . Toronto went through its first building boom in the late 1920s and early 1930s , during which the number of high-rise buildings in the city vastly increased . After this period , there was a great lull in construction between 1932 and 1964 with only a single building above 91.5 m tall being built . The city then experienced a second , much larger building boom , which was at its peak between 1967 and 1976 . This period saw the construction of Canada 's three tallest buildings and 6 of its top 10 ( at the time ) . When finished , the TD Tower was the 14th tallest building in the world ( 1967 ) . The TD Tower would soon be followed by Commerce Court West , the 14th tallest building in the world at the time of its completion in 1972 . Later , Canada 's current tallest building , the First Canadian Place , became the 6th tallest building in the world at the time of its completion in 1975 . After the mid-1970s , the pace of the boom slowed considerably but continued onto the early 1990s , culminating with the construction of the city 's and Canada 's 2nd and 3rd tallest buildings : Scotia Plaza and the TD Canada Trust Tower . After this boom , the city went through a third , shorter lull in construction from 1993 to 2004 , in which the city added only one new building to its top 20 . By 2005 however , the city 's third and largest high-rise construction boom began with the completion of One King Street West and has continued unabated ever since with nearly 50 planned , under construction or recently built buildings over 150 m/500 ft tall . Of the 15 buildings in Toronto taller than 200 metres , only 6 were built prior to 2000 . As of April 2017 , Toronto is the site of 20 buildings over 200 m , 62 buildings over 150 m ( 492 ft ) tall , and a total of 2,438 high-rise buildings citywide , the second most for any city in North America after New York City . As of January 2015 , Toronto is building more towers than any other city in North America except New York City , with at least 91 high-rise buildings under construction . Toronto has been the site of several major skyscraper construction projects in the 2010s , and ranked first on the continent in the number of high-rise buildings under construction for much of this time . In 2012 , the Trump International Hotel and Tower was completed , with a top dome height of 252 m ( 827 ft ) and an antenna height of 277 metres ( 908 ft ) , making it the fourth-tallest structure in Toronto and all of Canada . With the completion in late 2014 of Aura -- which , at 78 storeys and a height of 272 m ( 892 ft ) , is the highest residential building in Canada -- the tallest building under construction is the 257 metre ( 844 ft ) tall One Bloor . As of April 2015 , there are 303 high-rise buildings under construction , proposed for construction , or approved for construction in the city . __ TOC __" }, { "docid": "History_of_the_Jews_in_Toronto", "title": "", "text": "The History of the Jews in Toronto refers to the history of the Jewish community of Toronto , Ontario . Jews have resided in Toronto since the early 19th century . Since the 1970s , the city has been home to the largest Jewish population in Canada and become a centre of Jewish Canadian culture . Toronto 's Jews have played an important role in the development of the city . ' According to the 2001 census , 164,150 Jews lived in Toronto ." }, { "docid": "East_York", "title": "", "text": "East York is a former municipality within the City of Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It was a semi-autonomous borough within the overall municipality of Metropolitan Toronto until 1998 , when it was amalgamated into the new `` megacity '' of Toronto . Before the amalgamation , it was Canada 's only borough . It is separated by the Don River from the former City of Toronto . Traditional East York is southeast of the river , and the neighbourhoods of Leaside , Bennington Heights and densely populated Thorncliffe Park are northwest of the river . The heart of East York is filled with middle-class and working-class homes , with extensive high-rise developments along peripheral major streets and in Crescent Town and Thorncliffe Park ." }, { "docid": "Blue_Night_Network", "title": "", "text": "The Blue Night Network is the overnight public transit service operated by the Toronto Transit Commission ( TTC ) in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . The network consists of a basic grid of 27 bus and 4 streetcar routes , distributed so that almost all of the city is within 2 km of at least one route . It is the largest and most frequent Night Network in North America . ( New York City does not have a separate night network : it rather runs 24 hour/day service under the same route numbers . )" }, { "docid": "Outline_of_Ontario", "title": "", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ontario : Ontario -- one of the provinces of Canada , located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province or territory and fourth largest in total area . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto ." }, { "docid": "Sunderland,_Ontario", "title": "", "text": "Sunderland is a community located approximately 100 km northeast of Toronto , Ontario in Brock Township , in the Regional Municipality of Durham , Ontario , Canada . This is currently one of the very few populated areas of the Greater Toronto Area where the Trans Canada Highway passes near , thus also making this the closest point from the highway to the City of Toronto at 100 km apart ." }, { "docid": "North_York", "title": "", "text": "North York is a suburban district in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is located directly north of Old Toronto , between Etobicoke to the west and Scarborough to the east . As of the 2011 Census , it had a population of 655,913 . It was first created as a township in 1922 out of the northern part of the former city of York , a municipality that was located along the western border of Old Toronto . Following its inclusion in Metropolitan Toronto in 1954 , it was one of the fastest growing parts of the region due to its proximity to Old Toronto . It was declared a borough in 1967 , and later became a city in 1979 , attracting high-density residences , rapid transit , and a number of corporate headquarters in North York City Centre , its central business district . In 1998 , North York was amalgamated with the rest of Metropolitan Toronto to form the new city of Toronto , and has since been a secondary economic hub outside Downtown Toronto ." }, { "docid": "List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Mississauga", "title": "", "text": "This list of tallest buildings in Mississauga refers to the tallest buildings in the City of Mississauga , Ontario , Canada . Mississauga is a city in Southern Ontario located in the Regional Municipality of Peel , and in the western part of the Greater Toronto Area . With a population of 721,599 as of the Canada 2016 Census , it is Canada 's sixth-most populous municipality , and has almost doubled in population in each of the last two decades , leading to a series of massive and ongoing construction booms which continue to drastically alter the city 's skyline . Mississauga is now the third most populous city on the Great Lakes , surpassing the cities proper of Detroit , Milwaukee and Cleveland over the last two decades . Developed as a suburb of Toronto , Mississauga 's growth is attributed to its proximity to that city . However , Mississauga 's extensive corporate and industrial employment opportunities differentiate it from suburban bedroom communities . The city has also been trying to create a distinctive image for itself over the past few years . It held an international architectural design competition in 2006 for a 56-storey , 175.6 m tall condominium tower , called Absolute World , that is intended to be a landmark for the city . As a major city in its own right , Mississauga has an easily identifiable skyline that , as of June 2014 , has 18 buildings rising over 100 m tall with three more under construction . The tallest buildings in the city are the two iconic towers of Absolute World which rise 175.6 m and 157.9 m tall ." }, { "docid": "Italian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area", "title": "", "text": "Toronto has an Italian Canadian community . As of 2007 , 34 % of the ethnic Italians in Canada live in Toronto . Toronto is home to the fourth largest Italian population outside of Italy , behind Sao Paulo , Brazil , Buenos Aires , Argentina , and New York City , respectively . `` Soldiers of fortune '' and educated people from Italy immigranted to Toronto prior to the 1850s . Toronto absorbed pedlars and craftspeople from northern Italy until the 1880s . 17 Italians lived in Toronto by 1860 . Additional tradespeople arrived by 1870 . After the 1880s many came from northern Italy , with most being from Genoa . The occupations tended to be craftspeople , service tradespeople , and pedlars . Italian immigration continued into the post-World War II era . 90 % of the Italians who immigrated to Canada after World War II remained in Canada . During that period the community still had fluency in the Italian language ." }, { "docid": "Methodist_Rome", "title": "", "text": "Methodist Rome was a nickname sometimes given to the city of Toronto , Ontario , Canada in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries . The moniker implied that Toronto was as central to Canadian Methodism as Rome , or more specifically Vatican City , is to Catholicism . During the 19th century Toronto had one of the largest ( if not the largest ) population of Methodists in the world . Methodism played a central role in the culture and political affairs of Toronto , greatly shaping its character . Methodists saw alcoholic beverages , and alcoholism , as the root of many social ills , and tried to persuade people to abstain from these . They were supportive of the temperance movement and helped shape the alcohol laws in Toronto and Ontario , specifically the Ontario Temperance Act of 1924 . See for example Letitia Youmans and the Women 's Christian Temperance Union . Toronto became known for being very puritanical with strict limits on alcohol . It also rigorously enforced the Lord 's Day Act , restricting many activities on the Christian Sabbath ( the so-called blue law ) . The city was disparaged by outsiders as `` Toronto the Good '' , going as far banning tobogganing on Sundays . Peter C. Newman has described Toronto in this period `` a sort of Calvinist Tehran '' , in reference to the Protestant theology and the theocratic nature of Iran . Use of the name `` the Methodist Rome '' declined in the early twentieth century , especially after the Methodist Church in Canada merged with Presbyterians and Congregationalists to form the United Church of Canada in 1925 . An influx of immigration from southern and eastern Europe after World War II greatly altered the religious balance ." }, { "docid": "Gay_Alliance_Toward_Equality", "title": "", "text": "The Gay Alliance Toward Equality , or GATE , was one of the first Canadian gay liberation groups . Formed in spring 1971 in Vancouver , British Columbia by Maurice Flood , GATE was the first Canadian gay group to explicitly discuss and plan civil rights strategies for achieving gay and lesbian equality under Canadian law . Autonomous groups with the same name were subsequently set up in other cities in Canada , including Edmonton and Toronto ; in some cities , the local GATE chapter was the first locally oriented LGBT organization to be established . One of the first high-profile cases launched for gay rights in Canada was launched by the Vancouver chapter of GATE in response to the Vancouver Sun 's refusal to allow for a paid advertisement for the GATE newspaper , Gay Tide . This would become the first gay rights case to reach the Supreme Court of Canada , although the judges ruled 6-3 in favour of the Vancouver Sun . Other prominent activities taken on by the group included picketing various human rights commissions over the lack of human rights protection for sexual orientation under Canadian law , and taking on an advocacy role in the wrongful dismissal suit of John Damien when the Ontario Racing Commission fired him as a racing steward because of his sexuality . The Toronto group led a successful campaign in 1973 to lobby Toronto City Council to adopt a policy forbidding discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in municipal hiring , making the city the first jurisdiction in Canada to do so . In its later years , GATE also undertook some activities as a political party . One activist , Robert Douglas Cook , ran as a GATE candidate in British Columbia 's 1979 provincial election , in the electoral district of West Vancouver-Howe Sound . He has been credited by media sources in the past as the first openly gay candidate ever to run for political office in Canadian history ; however , he was merely the first to run as a candidate of a specifically gay-identified political organization , and was in fact preceded by at least two openly gay candidates for traditional political parties , and at least four openly gay candidates for non-partisan municipal offices . The group dissolved in 1980 ." }, { "docid": "Spoken_Word_Canada", "title": "", "text": "Spoken Word Canada , also referred to as SpoCan , is an organization of spoken word performers and organizers . Formed from a committee of city representatives at the 2004 Canadian Spoken Wordlympics in Ottawa , Ontario , SpoCan 's mission is to `` nurture , develop and advance spoken word artists , the professional spoken word community and the art of spoken word in Canada . '' SpoCan is also responsible for producing the Canadian Festival of Spoken Word each fall . The organization is governed by a Board of Directors composed of the National Director , the Past National Director , members of the Executive Committee , three Members-at-Large , and two local representatives from each of the sixteen communities represented on the Board : Victoria , Vancouver , Calgary , Edmonton , Saskatoon , Winnipeg , London , Guelph , Kitchener-Waterloo , Burlington , Toronto , Peterborough , Lanark County , Ottawa , Montreal , and Halifax . According to SpoCan 's bylaws , new cities can be added to the SpoCan Board when `` at least one arts organization and/or performance series from that city formally agrees to participate in SpoCan . The addition of representation from a new city must be ratified by a majority vote of the Board . '' Individuals can also become members of SpoCan by registering with the National Director . SpoCan has operated its national festival in each of the past seven years -- in 2004 as the Canadian Spoken Wordlympics ( in Ottawa ) , and from 2005 to 2010 as the Canadian Festival of Spoken Word ( 2005 in Vancouver , 2006 in Toronto , 2007 in Halifax , 2008 in Calgary , 2009 in Victoria and 2010 in Ottawa ) . Future editions of CFSW are in the planning stages for 2011 in Toronto and 2012 in Saskatoon ." }, { "docid": "Thornhill,_Ontario", "title": "", "text": "Thornhill ( 2011 population 110,430 ) is a Greater Toronto Area neighbourhood in the Regional Municipality of York in Southern Ontario , Canada . It resides immediately along Toronto 's northern border and is bisected by Yonge Street -- thus , it is part of both the city of Vaughan and the city of Markham . Once a police village , Thornhill is now a community and postal designation . According to the 2001 Census , Thornhill-Vaughan 's population was 56,361 , and the population of Thornhill-Markham was 47,333 . It is immediately south and south-west of Richmond Hill ." } ]
33233	Paul is Steve Jobs' middle name.	[ { "docid": "Steve_Jobs", "title": "", "text": "Steven Paul Jobs ( -LSB- ˈdʒɒbz -RSB- February 24 , 1955 -- October 5 , 2011 ) was an American entrepreneur , businessman , inventor , and industrial designer . He was the co-founder , chairman , and chief executive officer ( CEO ) of Apple Inc. ; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar ; a member of The Walt Disney Company 's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar ; and founder , chairman , and CEO of NeXT . Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s . Jobs was born in San Francisco to Syrian parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth ; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s . Jobs briefly attended Reed College in 1972 before dropping out . He then decided to travel through India in 1974 seeking enlightenment and studying Zen Buddhism . Jobs 's declassified FBI report stated that an acquaintance knew that Jobs had used the illegal drugs marijuana and LSD while he was in college . Jobs once told a reporter that taking LSD was `` one of the two or three most important things '' he did in his life . Jobs and Wozniak co-founded Apple in 1976 to sell Wozniak 's Apple I personal computer . The visionaries gained fame and wealth a year later for the Apple II , one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers . In 1979 , after a tour of PARC , Jobs saw the commercial potential of the Xerox Alto , which was mouse-driven and had a graphical user interface ( GUI ) . This led to development of the unsuccessful Apple Lisa in 1983 , followed by the breakthrough Macintosh in 1984 . In addition to being the first mass-produced computer with a GUI , the Macintosh introduced the sudden rise of the desktop publishing industry in 1985 with the addition of the Apple LaserWriter , the first laser printer to feature vector graphics . Following a long power struggle , Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985 . After leaving Apple , Jobs took a few of its members with him to found NeXT , a computer platform development company specializing in state-of-the-art computers for higher-education and business markets . In addition , Jobs helped to initiate the development of the visual effects industry when he funded the spinout of the computer graphics division of George Lucas 's Lucasfilm in 1986 . The new company , Pixar , would eventually produce the first fully computer-animated film , Toy Story -- an event made possible in part because of Jobs 's financial support . In 1997 , Apple merged with NeXT . Within a few months of the merger , Jobs became CEO of his former company , reviving Apple at the verge of bankruptcy . Beginning in 1997 with the `` Think different '' advertising campaign , Jobs worked closely with designer Jonathan Ive to develop a line of products that would have larger cultural ramifications : the iMac , iTunes and iTunes Store , Apple Store , iPod , iPhone , App Store , and the iPad . Mac OS was also revamped into OS X ( renamed `` macOS '' in 2016 ) , based on NeXT 's NeXTSTEP platform . Jobs was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in 2003 and died on October 5 , 2011 , of respiratory arrest related to the tumor ." } ]	[ { "docid": "List_of_films_named_after_Steve_Jobs", "title": "", "text": "Steve Jobs was an American businessman and a co-founder of Apple Inc. . He has been the subject of several films named after him , including : Steve Jobs ( film ) , a 2015 biographical film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Michael Fassbender Steve Jobs : The Man in the Machine , a 2015 documentary film Jobs ( film ) , a 2013 biographical film directed by Joshua Michael Stern and starring Ashton Kutcher Steve Jobs : The Lost Interview , a 2012 documentary film based on archival footage from 1995 iGenius : How Steve Jobs Changed the World , a 2011 documentary TV film The Way Steve Jobs Changed the World , a 2011 documentary TV film Steve Jobs : Billion Dollar Hippy , a 2011 documentary TV film produced by BBC Steve Jobs : One Last Thing , a 2011 documentary film produced by PBS Pirates of Silicon Valley , a 1999 drama film For other depictions , see List of artistic depictions of Steve Jobs ." }, { "docid": "Paul_Wyatt", "title": "", "text": "Paul H. Wyatt ( February 27 , 1907 -- December 15 , 1970 ) was an American competition swimmer and two-time Olympic medalist . Wyatt represented the United States at the 1924 Summer Olympics and 1928 Summer Olympics . He was born in southwestern Pennsylvania in the small coal-mining community of Brier Hill , Pennsylvania . In the 1924 Paris Olympics , he won a silver medal in the men 's 100-meter backstroke event . Four years later , in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics , he won a bronze medal in the 100-meter backstroke for his third-place finish in the event . Wyatt 's middle name was `` Knuth '' , which was his wife 's maiden name . When he was married to then Juanita Knuth , he did not have a middle name . He took his wife 's maiden name as his middle name . He also became a radiographer working in Nevada . His job led to his death of lymphoma ." }, { "docid": "Steve_Jobs_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Steve Jobs ( 1955 -- 2011 ) was an American pioneer of the personal computer revolution of the 1970s . Steve Jobs may also refer to : Steve Jobs ( book ) , a 2011 biography about Jobs by Walter Isaacson Steve Jobs ( film ) , a 2015 drama film about Jobs Steve Jobs : The Man in the Machine , a 2015 documentary about Jobs" }, { "docid": "Triumph_of_the_Nerds", "title": "", "text": "Triumph of the Nerds is a 1996 British/American television documentary , produced by John Gau Productions and Oregon Public Broadcasting for Channel 4 and PBS . It explores the development of the personal computer in the United States from World War II to 1995 . The title Triumph of the Nerds is a play on the title of the 1984 comedy Revenge of the Nerds . It was first screened as three episodes between 14 and 28 April 1996 on Channel 4 , and as a single programme on 16 December 1996 on PBS . Triumph of the Nerds was written and hosted by Robert X. Cringely ( Mark Stephens ) and based on his 1992 book Accidental Empires . The documentary is composed of numerous interviews with important figures connected with the personal computer including Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , Bill Gates , Steve Ballmer , Paul Allen , Bill Atkinson , Andy Hertzfeld , Ed Roberts , and Larry Ellison . It also includes archival footage of Gary Kildall and commentary from Douglas Adams , the author of the science fiction series The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy . Cringely followed the series with Nerds 2.0.1 ( Glory of the Geeks in the UK ) , a history of the Internet to 1998 , when the series was made . In 2012 , Cringely released the full interview that Steve Jobs gave in 1995 for Triumph of the Nerds as the film Steve Jobs : The Lost Interview ." }, { "docid": "Lisa_Brennan-Jobs", "title": "", "text": "Lisa Nicole Brennan-Jobs ( born Lisa Nicole Brennan ; May 17 , 1978 ) is an American writer . She is the daughter of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs and Chrisann Brennan . For several years , Jobs denied paternity , which led to a legal case and various media reports in the early days of Apple ; they eventually reconciled . Brennan-Jobs later worked as a journalist and magazine writer . An early Apple computer , Lisa , is named after Brennan-Jobs , and she has been depicted in a number of biographies and films , including the biopics Pirates of Silicon Valley , Jobs , and Steve Jobs . A fictionalized version of her is a major character in her aunt Mona Simpson 's novel A Regular Guy ." }, { "docid": "Jobs", "title": "", "text": "Jobs may refer to : Steve Jobs ( 1955 -- 2011 ) , co-founder and former CEO of Apple Inc Laurene Powell Jobs ( born 1963 ) , widow of Steve Jobs Lisa Brennan-Jobs ( born 1978 ) , daughter of Steve Jobs Jobs ( film ) , a 2013 biographical film based on the life of Steve Jobs Jobs , a major character from K. A. Applegate 's Remnants series Jobs , a character in the anime and manga series Eureka Seven Jobs , Ohio , an unincorporated community Jobs Peak , a mountain in California Job Brothers & Co. , Limited , commonly referred to as Jobs , a mercantile empire in Newfoundland . jobs , a top-level internet domain Final Fantasy character jobs , character classes in the Final Fantasy video game series Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act , a law intended to encourage funding of United States small businesses" }, { "docid": "Wrongful_conviction_of_Steve_Titus", "title": "", "text": "The wrongful conviction of Steve Titus was a miscarriage of justice in which Steve Titus ( 1950 -- 1986 ) , an American businessman , was wrongly convicted of rape . Titus was fired from his job after the conviction and , though the charges were soon dismissed , he became long term unemployed . The crime was later determined to have been committed by serial rapist Edward Lee King . Journalist Paul Henderson was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting for his work on the case . Jack Olsen 's book Predator examined the investigation of the crime and the life of the real criminal ." }, { "docid": "The_Little_Kingdom", "title": "", "text": "The Little Kingdom is the first book that documented the development of Apple Computer . It was published in 1984 and written by then-Time Magazine reporter Michael Moritz . While Jobs initially cooperated with Moritz , he ended communication in the middle of the project and did not authorize the published final version . Moritz reissued an updated version of the book in 2009 as Return to the Little Kingdom : Steve Jobs , the Creation of Apple , and How It Changed the World . Steve Jobs contracted Moritz in the early 1980s to document the development of the Macintosh for a book he was writing about Apple . According to Andy Hertzfeld , Jobs stated that `` Mike 's going to be our historian , '' a comment made in response to the fact that a year early a history had been written about another computer company . As he was close in age to many on the development team , he seemed to be a good choice . By late 1982 , Moritz was Time Magazine 's San Francisco Bureau Chief and working on the special Time Person of the Year issue . His work on that issue ( which was initially supposed to be about Jobs ) included a lengthy interview with Jobs ' high school girlfriend , Chrisann Brennan , in which she discussed the history of their child , Lisa . Moritz 's follow up interview with Jobs on the subject led to denial of paternity on his part . The issue also contained negative commentary on Jobs from other Apple employees . The special issue was later renamed Machine of the Year prior to publication , celebratedThe Computer and declared that , `` it would have been possible to single out as Man of the Year one of the engineers or entrepreneurs who masterminded this technological revolution , but no one person has clearly dominated those turbulent events . More important , such a selection would obscure the main point . TIME 's Man of the Year for 1982 , the greatest influence for good or evil , is not a man at all . It is a machine : the computer . '' Jobs cut off all ties with Moritz after the issue was published and threatened to fire anyone who communicated with him . According to Hertzfeld , `` some of us talked with Mike again surreptitiously , as he was putting the finishing touches on his book around the time of the Mac introduction '' and the resulting text , The Little Kingdom , `` remains one of the best books about Apple Computer ever written . '' In the Prologue to Return to the Little Kingdom : Steve Jobs , the Creation of Apple , and How It Changed the World ( the 2009 updated reissue of The Little Kingdom ) Moritz states that he was as incensed as Jobs was about the Time Magazine special issue : `` Steve rightly took umbrage over his portrayal and what he saw as a grotesque betrayal of confidences , while I was equally distraught by the way in which material I had arduously gathered for a book about Apple was siphoned , filtered , and poisoned with a gossipy benzene by an editor in New York whose regular task was to chronicle the wayward world of rock-and-roll music . Steve made no secret of his anger and left a torrent of messages on the answering machine I kept in my converted earthquake cottage at the foot of San Francisco 's Potrero Hill . He , understandably , banished me from Apple and forbade anyone in his orbit to talk to me . The experience made me decide that I would never again work anywhere I could not exert a large amount of control over my own destiny or where I would be paid by the word . I finished my leave -LSB- and -RSB- published my book , The Little Kingdom : The Private Story of Apple Computer , which I felt , unlike the unfortunate magazine article , presented a balanced portrait of the young Steve Jobs . ''" }, { "docid": "Becoming_Steve_Jobs:_The_Evolution_of_a_Reckless_Upstart_into_a_Visionary_Leader", "title": "", "text": "Becoming Steve Jobs : The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader by journalists Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli , is an unauthorized biography of Steve Jobs . Rick Tetzeli is Executive Editor of Fast Company and Brent Schlender is a writer , editor , and author , best known for his award-winning magazine profiles of prominent entrepreneurs and business leaders of the Digital Revolution . The book was released on 24 March 2015 by Crown Publishing Group in the US . Apple spokesman Steve Dowling admitted that Apple helped the authors in writing the book , as the company felt it could do more for its founder . In addition , Tim Cook was not happy with Walter Isaacson 's official biography , Steve Jobs . Reviews from Apple Inc. for Becoming Steve Jobs have been positive . The book is noted for revealing previous publicly unknown events from Jobs ' life , such as when in 2009 , Tim Cook offered a portion of his liver to Jobs , since both share a rare blood type . Jobs responded by yelling , `` I 'll never let you do that . I 'll never do that . '' The front cover uses a photographic portrait of Jobs from the book Fearless Genius : The Digital Revolution in Silicon Valley 1985-2000 by Doug Menuez . The photograph was taken by Doug Menuez ." }, { "docid": "Steve_Jobs_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Steve Jobs is a 2015 American biographical drama film directed by Danny Boyle and written by Aaron Sorkin . Based on the biography of the same name by Walter Isaacson as well as interviews conducted by Sorkin , the film is structured into three acts which cover fourteen years ( 1984 -- 1998 ) in the life of personal computing innovator and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs , with each act taking place immediately prior to the launch of a key product -- the Apple Macintosh , the NeXT Computer and the iMac . Jobs is portrayed by Michael Fassbender , with Kate Winslet , Seth Rogen , Katherine Waterston , Michael Stuhlbarg and Jeff Daniels in supporting roles . Development on the project began in 2011 after the rights to Isaacson 's book were acquired . Sorkin wrote the screenplay with filming beginning in January 2015 . A variety of actors were considered and cast before Fassbender eventually took the role . Editing was extensive on the project , with editor Elliot Graham noting that he was working on existing footage while the film was still shooting . Daniel Pemberton served as the film 's composer , with a focus dedicated to dividing the score into three distinguishable sections . Steve Jobs premiered at the 2015 Telluride Film Festival on September 5 , 2015 , and began a limited release in New York City and Los Angeles on October 9 , 2015 . It opened nationwide in the U.S. on October 23 , 2015 to critical acclaim . Individuals close to Jobs such as Steve Wozniak and John Sculley would praise the film 's performances , but the film also received criticisms for its inaccuracy in some of its scenes . Winslet won a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actress and Sorkin won the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay at the 73rd Golden Globes , while Fassbender and Winslet received nominations for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively , at the 88th Academy Awards ." }, { "docid": "Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley", "title": "", "text": "Pirates of Silicon Valley is an original 1999 American made for television biographical drama film , directed by Martyn Burke and starring Noah Wyle as Steve Jobs and Anthony Michael Hall as Bill Gates . Spanning the years 1971 -- 1997 and based on Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine 's book Fire in the Valley : The Making of the Personal Computer , it explores the impact of the rivalry between Jobs ( Apple Computer ) and Gates ( Microsoft ) on the development of the personal computer ." }, { "docid": "ICon:_Steve_Jobs", "title": "", "text": "iCon : Steve Jobs , The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business is an unauthorized biography by Jeffrey S. Young and William L. Simon about the return of Steve Jobs to Apple Inc in 1997 . It was published in 2005 . The book 's title is a double entendre with one connotation that of Jobs as an icon with attributes to be admired , while carrying the negative interpretation as I - ( am a ) - Con , as in a con man , criticized for charisma used in harmful ways such as the `` reality distortion field '' . The non-capitalized `` i '' at the beginning is also in reference to many of Apple 's products , such as the iPhone , iMac , iBook and iTunes . It is the followup to Young 's 1988 biography , Steve Jobs : The Journey Is the Reward ." }, { "docid": "Jobs_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Jobs is a 2013 American biographical drama film inspired by the life of Steve Jobs , from 1974 while a student at Reed College to the introduction of the iPod in 2001 . It is directed by Joshua Michael Stern , written by Matt Whiteley , and produced by Stern and Mark Hulme . Steve Jobs is portrayed by Ashton Kutcher , with Josh Gad as Apple Computer 's co-founder Steve Wozniak . Jobs was chosen to close the 2013 Sundance Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Steve_Jobs:_The_Lost_Interview", "title": "", "text": "Steve Jobs : The Lost Interview is a documentary released to theaters in 2012 . It consists of the original 70 minute interview that Steve Jobs gave to Robert X. Cringely in 1995 for the PBS documentary , Triumph of the Nerds ." }, { "docid": "Steve_Jobs:_The_Man_in_the_Machine", "title": "", "text": "Steve Jobs : The Man in the Machine is a documentary film about Steve Jobs directed and produced by Alex Gibney . After a few festival showings , the film was released to the Internet on September 4 , 2015 and in limited release to theaters on September 19 , 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Steve_Crabb_(athlete)", "title": "", "text": "Stephen Paul `` Steve '' Crabb ( born 30 November 1963 ) , is a former middle-distance runner from England . He ran competitively in the 1980s and 1990s for the London athletic club Enfield Harriers . He ran the 1500 metres at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul and the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona ." }, { "docid": "The_Second_Coming_of_Steve_Jobs", "title": "", "text": "The Second Coming of Steve Jobs is an unauthorized biography chronicling the life of Steve Jobs , a co-founder of Apple Inc by Vanity Fair magazine writer Alan Deutschman . It covers his period at NeXT , success at Pixar and his comeback to Apple followed by the introduction of iMac ." }, { "docid": "Steve_Jobs_(book)", "title": "", "text": "Steve Jobs is the authorized self-titled biography book of Steve Jobs . The book was written at the request of Jobs by Walter Isaacson , a former executive at CNN and TIME who has written best-selling biographies of Benjamin Franklin and Albert Einstein . Based on more than forty interviews with Jobs conducted over two years -- in addition to interviews with more than one hundred family members , friends , adversaries , competitors , and colleagues -- Isaacson was given `` unprecedented '' access to Jobs 's life . Jobs is said to have encouraged the people interviewed to speak honestly . Although Jobs cooperated with the book , he asked for no control over its content other than the book 's cover , and waived the right to read it before it was published . The book was released on October 24 , 2011 , by Simon & Schuster in the United States , 19 days after Jobs 's death . A film adaptation written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Danny Boyle , with Michael Fassbender starring in the title role , was released on October 9 , 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Montgomery_Middle_School", "title": "", "text": "Montgomery Middle School ( Monty Middle ) is a middle school located in Coquitlam , British Columbia , Canada . Two former well known teachers include Donald Hutchinson , who in 2005 won the Physical Education Teacher of the Year Award for the province of British Columbia , and Sean O'Reilly , owner and operator of Arcana Studio and creator of the comic book Kade . Donald Hutchinson has since moved on to a vice-principaling job at Ranch Park Elementary School . In addition , a mathematics textbook called Branching Out With Math was written by two Montgomery teachers , Steve Salter and Cheryl Angst . Montgomery Middle School is one of the two middle schools in the Coquitlam School District that provide the Montessori program , besides a regular program , for its students . The other school that offers the program is Scott Creek Middle School . This school has many clubs , including a Me to We club , a Rights Respecting Club , a Ski and Snowboard club among much other ." }, { "docid": "The_Bite_in_the_Apple", "title": "", "text": "The Bite in the Apple : A Memoir of My Life with Steve Jobs is by Chrisann Brennan . Brennan is an American painter , Steve Jobs ' high school girlfriend , an early employee of Apple Inc. before it went public , and the mother of Jobs ' first child Lisa Brennan-Jobs . The Bite in the Apple was released on October 29 , 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Daniel_Lyons", "title": "", "text": "Daniel Lyons ( born 1960 ) is an American writer . He was a senior editor at Forbes magazine and a writer at Newsweek before becoming editor of ReadWrite . In March 2013 he left ReadWrite to accept a position at HubSpot . Lyons is the author of a book of short stories , The Last Good Man ( 1993 ) ; a novel , Dog Days ( 1998 ) ; and a fictional biography , Options : The Secret Life of Steve Jobs , a Parody ( 2007 ) . Under the pseudonym `` Fake Steve Jobs , '' he also wrote The Secret Diary of Steve Jobs , a popular blog and parody of Apple CEO Steve Jobs . He wrote the script for the May 2015 episode of HBO 's Silicon Valley ( TV series ) , `` White Hat/Black Hat '' while on a 14-week break from HubSpot in 2014 . Dan Lyons released the book `` Disrupted : My Misadventure in the Start Up Bubble '' on April 5 , 2016 about his time at startup HubSpot ." }, { "docid": "List_of_artistic_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs", "title": "", "text": "Steve Jobs ( -LSB- ˈdʒɒbz -RSB- February 24 , 1955 -- October 5 , 2011 ) was an American pioneer of the personal computer revolution of the 1970s ( along with engineer , inventor , and Apple Computer co-founder , Steve Wozniak ) . Shortly after his death , Jobs ' official biographer , Walter Isaacson , described him as the `` creative entrepreneur whose passion for perfection and ferocious drive revolutionized six industries : personal computers , animated movies , music , phones , tablet computing , and digital publishing . ''" }, { "docid": "Gary_Butcher", "title": "", "text": "Gary Paul Butcher ( 11 March 1975 ) is a former English first-class cricketer . The brother of England Test player Mark and son of Alan , he was an all rounder who bowled right arm with a hint of swing . Butcher started his career with Glamorgan in 1994 , taking a wicket with his very first delivery in the Sunday League . He made his only first-class hundred in 1997 , against Oxford University . After not being able to command a regular position in the side he crossed over to Surrey in 1999 . At Surrey he was part of a successful team , winning the County Championship . He is known mainly by his middle name , `` Paul '' which he picked up at Oxford University . Butcher has now taken up a full-time job at King 's School in Wimbledon , as a sports teacher . He teaches rugby , football , cricket , basketball and hockey ." }, { "docid": "List_of_accolades_received_by_Steve_Jobs_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Steve Jobs is a 2015 American biographical drama film based on the life of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs , directed by Danny Boyle and starring Michael Fassbender in the title role along with Kate Winslet , Seth Rogen , and Jeff Daniels . Aaron Sorkin wrote the screenplay of the film , inspired by Walter Isaacson 's 2011 biography of the same name , as well as interviews conducted by Sorkin . The story is primarily set in the lead-up to the launches of three key products -- the Apple Macintosh , the NeXT Computer , the iMac G3 -- and focuses on Jobs ' technical and personal problems during those times . Initially it had a limited release in New York City and Los Angeles on October 9 , 2015 . It opened nationwide in the U.S. on October 23 , 2015 . The film received critical praised for its performances , screenplay , editing and original score . Fassbender , Winslet and Sorkin received strong notices for their work in the film including nominations from Academy Awards , Golden Globe Awards , BAFTA , Screen Actors Guild Awards , Critic 's Choice Awards , Satellite Awards , London Film Critics ' Circle and Online Film Critics Society among others . Winslet won Golden Globe , BAFTA and London Film Critics ' Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress , while Fassbender went on to win Best Actor prizes from Online Film Critics Society , Los Angeles Film Critics Association , Austin Film Critics Association , Houston Film Critics Society and honoured with International Star Award by Palm Springs International Film Festival ." }, { "docid": "Stephen_Paul", "title": "", "text": "Stephen Paul may refer to : A guitarist known by his stage name , Esteban Stephen Paul ( physicist ) ( 1953 -- 2012 ) , physicist at Princeton University Steven Paul may refer to : Steve Paul , manager of Johnny Winter and club owner Steven Paul , film producer and manager Steven M. Paul neuroscientist and pharmaceutical executive" }, { "docid": "Koech", "title": "", "text": "Koech is a Kalenjin surname of Kenyan origin that may refer to : Benson Koech ( born 1974 ) , Kenyan middle distance runner known for his achievements as a young athlete Bernard Kiprop Koech ( born 1988 ) , Kenyan marathon runner Cherono Koech , Kenyan middle-distance runner David Koech , Kenyan politician Duncan Koech ( born 1984 ) , Kenyan marathon runner Enock Koech ( born 1981 ) , Kenyan long-distance runner Isaiah Kiplangat Koech ( born 1993 ) , Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in the 5000 metres Job Koech Kinyor ( born 1990 ) , Kenyan middle-distance runner John Koech , Kenyan politician Joyce Chepchumba Koech ( born 1970 ) , long distance athlete from Kenya Justus Koech ( born 1980 ) , Kenyan middle distance runner who specializes in the 800 metres Paul Kipsiele Koech ( born 1981 ) , Kenyan runner who specializes in the 3000 metres steeplechase Paul Koech ( born 1969 ) , Kenyan distance and marathon runner Peter Koech ( born 1958 ) , former long-distance runner from Kenya , Olympic silver medallist in the 3,000 meters steeplechase Wesley Kiprotich Koech ( born 1979 ) , Kenyan middle distance runner who specialises in the 3000 metres steeplechase William Koech ( born 1961 ) , retired Kenyan long-distance runner who specialized in the 10,000 metres" }, { "docid": "Gentle_Faith", "title": "", "text": "Gentle Faith was a Christian country rock band in the 1970s , during the Jesus Music era , before the rise of the CCM industry . The group was formed in 1974 and released one self-titled album in 1976 under the Maranatha ! label . The lead singer was Darrell Mansfield , who went on to form The Darrel Mansfield Band , which is still active . Other members of Gentle Faith included Don Gerber , Paul Angers , Steve Kara , and Henry Cutrona . The band was originally called `` Jubal '' , but switched to `` Gentle Faith '' sometime in the middle of 1975 , while at a meeting at Calvary Chapel . It was decided that the band would change its name when another band showed up with a similar name , `` Jubal 's Last Band '' . Mansfield renamed his band `` Gentle Faith '' ( taken from the name of co-band member Henry Cutrona 's earlier band ) , and Jubal 's Last Band became `` Daniel Amos '' ." }, { "docid": "Job_plot", "title": "", "text": "A Job plot , otherwise known as the method of continuous variation or Job 's method , is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the stochiometry of a binding event . The method is named after Paul Job and is also used in instrumental analysis and advanced chemical equilibrium texts and research articles . Job first published his method in 1928 , while studying the associations of ions in solution . By plotting the UV absorbance of a solution of against the mole fraction of , he produced a graph which provided information about the equilibrium complexes present in solution ." }, { "docid": "New_Life_Crisis", "title": "", "text": "New Life Crisis is an American male Rock singing and musical band . Originally formed in 1986 by Rob Woebber and Jerry Hollis under the name Virginia Dare , they pulled together with drummer Paul Garafola to form a mix of originals and covers and would go on to play songs in the influence of The Cure , Sisters of Mercy , Depeche Mode and The Smiths to name a few . After the addition of bassist Dave Isham , they changed the name of the band to New Life Crisis and went on to play the tri-state circuit for years performing to packed clubs and developed a large following . After Rob Woebber , guitarist and keyboardist , left the band in 1992 , the band went on for a few years cycling through members until the other founding member , Jerry Hollis left and handed the band over to his brother Paul Mahos . Paul Mahos , Steve O'Brien , Steve Bonacio and Jeff Allegue joined together in September 1999 , signing to Tommy Boy Records in Spring of 2000 . Their debut single `` Daylight '' appeared on MTV 's platinum selling `` Party to Go Remixed '' and was also recorded by the European group No Angels , selling more than three million copies worldwide in 2001 and 2002 . But Tommy Boy folded before the release of their album . In 2005 , the group finally released their self-titled debut album , through independent label . The album included the song `` Breaking '' , featured on the hit MTV show `` Laguna Beach : The Real O.C. '' and the smash single `` Dirty Little Girl '' . The same year , New Life Crisis 's single `` Dirty Little Girl '' was heard my music executive Stephen Stone from Ruffhouse Entertainment ) . In 2006 , drummer Steve Dupree left the band and was replaced by session drummer and previous member of New Life Crisis , Steve O'Brien . In 2007 , Paul Mahos and New Life Crisis was invited to play for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation 's annual Gala , held in Rumson , New Jersey . The event raised more than 1.3 Million Dollars for Juvenile Diabetes Research . `` Dirty Little Girl , '' from the self-titled album , was played on October 3 , 2007 , during an appearance by Paul Mahos and Joe Cumia on the XM Radio program The Opie & Anthony Show . They were the house band Dockers Bar and Restaurant for almost 20-years in the Hamptons . In 2010 , New Life Crisis was voted `` Best Band in the Hamptons '' by `` Hamptons.com '' In 2010 , Paul Mahos was interviewed by Nicole B. Brewer on the online interview show , `` Main Street Series '' In 2012 Dan 's Papers readers named New Life Crisis a Best of the Best winner for local band in the Hamptons ." }, { "docid": "Paul_Temple", "title": "", "text": "Paul Temple is a fictional character , created by English writer Francis Durbridge ( 1912 -- 1998 ) . Temple is a professional author of crime fiction and an amateur private detective . Together with his journalist wife Louise , affectionately known as Steve after her pen name `` Steve Trent '' , he solves whodunnit crimes through subtle , humorously articulated deduction . Always the gentleman , the strongest oath he ever utters is `` by Timothy '' . Created for the BBC radio serial Send for Paul Temple in 1938 , the Temples have featured in over 30 BBC radio dramas , 12 serials for German radio , four British feature films , a BBC television series , and several novels . A Paul Temple comic strip ran in the London Evening News from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s ." } ]
202341	Destiny was released for the console Playstation 4.	[ { "docid": "Destiny_(video_game)", "title": "", "text": "Destiny is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision . It was released worldwide on September 9 , 2014 , for the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One consoles . Destiny marked Bungie 's first new console franchise since the Halo series , and it is the first game in a ten-year agreement between Bungie and Activision . Set in a `` mythic science fiction '' world , the game features a multiplayer `` shared-world '' environment with elements of role-playing games . Activities in Destiny are divided among player versus environment ( PvE ) and player versus player ( PvP ) game types . In addition to normal story missions , PvE features three-player `` strikes '' and six-player raids . A free roam patrol mode is also available for each planet and features public events . PvP features objective-based modes , as well as traditional deathmatch game modes . Players take on the role of a Guardian , protectors of Earth 's last safe city as they wield a power called Light to protect the City from different alien races . Guardians are tasked with reviving a celestial being called the Traveler , while journeying to different planets to investigate and destroy the alien threats before humanity is completely wiped out . Bungie released four expansion packs , furthering the story , and adding new content , missions , and new PvP modes . Year One of Destiny featured two small expansions , The Dark Below in December 2014 and House of Wolves in May 2015 . A third , larger expansion , The Taken King , was released in September 2015 and marked the beginning of Year Two , changing much of the core gameplay . In December 2015 , Destiny shifted to an event-based model , featuring more limited-time events . A new , large expansion called Rise of Iron was released in September 2016 , beginning Year Three . Rise of Iron was only released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One ; PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 clients subsequently stopped receiving updates . A full sequel , Destiny 2 , is scheduled for September 2017 . Upon its release , Destiny received mixed to positive reviews with criticism centered mostly around the game 's storyline and post-campaign content . The game was praised for maintaining lineage from the Halo franchise , particularly in regards to its competitive experiences . On day one of its release , it sold over US$ 500 million at retail , making it the biggest new franchise launch of all time . It was GamesRadar 's 2014 Game of the Year and it received the BAFTA Award for Best Game at the 2014 British Academy Video Games Awards ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Destiny_post-release_content", "title": "", "text": "There are four pieces of downloadable content ( DLC ) that were released for Bungie 's 2014 first-person shooter video game Destiny . Each package of downloadable content added new player versus environment ( PvE ) missions and player versus player ( PvP ) modes , new locales to visit , and new items for the player to make use of . The first expansion was The Dark Below in December 2014 , which was followed by House of Wolves in May 2015 . The third , The Taken King , was released in September 2015 and had the largest effect on the game , as it changed much of the core gameplay . Upon the release of the third expansion , retailers issued Destiny : The Taken King Legendary Edition , which included Destiny and all DLC up to and including The Taken King . In December 2015 , Destiny shifted to an event-based model , featuring more periodical limited-time events . The fourth and last expansion called Rise of Iron released in September 2016 . Upon release of the fourth expansion , retailers issued Destiny : The Collection , which includes Destiny and all DLC up to and including Rise of Iron . Although the first three downloadable content packs were available for all consoles that Destiny was originally released for ( PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One ) , the fourth expansion , Rise of Iron , is only available on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . As per an exclusivity agreement with Sony Interactive Entertainment , Destiny and all of its expansions have featured timed exclusive content for the PlayStation version . The timed exclusive content that was available at the launch of Destiny , as well as the exclusive content of the first two expansions , became available for Xbox when The Taken King launched . The Taken Kings and Rise of Irons PlayStation exclusive content will become available for Xbox in fall 2017 around the time of the launch of Destinys sequel , Destiny 2 ." }, { "docid": "PlayStation_2", "title": "", "text": "The PlayStation 2 ( PS2 ) is a home video game console that was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It is the successor to the PlayStation , and is the second installment in the PlayStation lineup of consoles . It was released on March 4 , 2000 in Japan , October 26 , 2000 in North America , November 24 , 2000 in Europe , and November 17 , 2000 in Australia . It competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Microsoft 's Xbox , and Nintendo 's GameCube in the sixth generation of video game consoles . Announced in 1999 , the PlayStation 2 was the first PlayStation console to offer backwards compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as for its games . The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , selling over 155 million units , with 150 million confirmed by Sony in 2011 . More than 3,874 game titles have been released for the PS2 since launch , and more than 1.5 billion copies have been sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 and well on , and in 2006 , announced and launched its successor , the PlayStation 3 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 2 remained popular well into the seventh generation and continued to be produced until January 4 , 2013 , when Sony finally announced that the PlayStation 2 had been discontinued after 13 years of production -- one of the longest runs for a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for North America and Europe , and FIFA 14 for Brazil ." }, { "docid": "PlayStation_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "PlayStation is a series of video game consoles created by Sony Computer Entertainment . As of 2017 , there have been a total of four home consoles and two handheld consoles released . PlayStation ( console ) ( abbreviated PS , PS1 and as its working title PSX ) , the first console in the series , after which all subsequent consoles are named PlayStation 2 ( PS2 ) PlayStation 3 ( PS3 ) PlayStation 4 ( PS4 ) PlayStation Portable ( PSP ) PlayStation Vita , a successor to the PSP PSX ( video game console ) , a PlayStation 2 based digital video recorder Portable Sound Format , a ripped soundtrack from PlayStation games ( originally known as `` PlayStation Sound Format '' ) Sony Play Station , a cancelled console related to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that was to use the SNES-CD media format This may also refer to , outside of gaming : PlayStation ( yacht ) , a catamaran" }, { "docid": "High-definition_remasters_for_PlayStation_consoles", "title": "", "text": "Sony has released a number of previously released PlayStation video games , remastered in high-definition ( HD ) for their newer consoles , a form of porting . A number of related programs exist , the most prominent two being `` Classics HD '' ( also known as `` HD Collection '' ) and `` PSP Remasters '' . The former consists of multiple PlayStation 2 games compiled on one Blu-ray Disc . The latter are individual PlayStation Portable games republished on Blu-ray . These games are not direct ports , but remastered versions in high-definition , to take advantage of the newer consoles ' capabilities . The remastering of the games include updated graphics , new textures , and Trophy support , and some of the remastered games released on PlayStation 3 have included 3D and PlayStation Move support . Some HD remasters have also been released individually or in bundles as downloads on the PlayStation Store ; others are released exclusively as downloads . This remastering began in 2009 with the release of God of War Collection ; it originally started as only PlayStation 2 ( PS2 ) games being remastered for PlayStation 3 ( PS3 ) . PlayStation Portable ( PSP ) games began being remastered for the latter in 2011 ; Monster Hunter Portable 3rd HD ver . was the first of these . After the release of the PlayStation Vita in 2012 , several of the remastered PS2 and PSP games began being released for this platform . Some original PlayStation ( PS1 ) games also began being remastered . With the launch of the PlayStation 4 ( PS4 ) in 2013 , Vita and PS3 games , in addition to the older platforms ' games , began being remastered for it . Developers have also remastered games that were not originally released on a PlayStation console and remastered them for PlayStation platforms , in addition to releasing them for other non-PlayStation platforms . Classics HD is the official name given for these compilations in Europe ; no equivalent of such name exists in North America or Japan . However , these games include the subtitle `` Remastered in High Definition '' or `` HD Collection '' on the North American cover . PSP Remasters is the official name given by Sony for collections featuring remasters of PSP games . The PSP Remasters line includes the same features as the Classics HD line , as well as cross-platform play and shareable saves between the two versions , however , PSP Remasters do not include Trophy support . Remastered games released on the PlayStation 4 will sometimes have the subtitle `` HD Remaster '' , `` Remastered '' , or `` Definitive Edition '' . PlayStation 4 remasters have all the same features as remastered collections on PS3 , but do not feature 3D or PlayStation Move support , though later releases could potentially support Move ; 3D , however , is not a feature of the PlayStation 4 like it was on PlayStation 3 ." }, { "docid": "PlayStation_3", "title": "", "text": "The PlayStation 3 ( PS3 ) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . It was first released on November 11 , 2006 , in Japan , November 17 , 2006 , in North America , and March 23 , 2007 , in Europe and Australia . The PlayStation 3 mainly competes against consoles such as Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including being the first to introduce Sony 's social gaming service , PlayStation Network , and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita , being able to remote control the console from the devices . In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games . It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software . A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console . The system had a slow start in the market but managed to recover , particularly after the introduction of the Slim model . As of March 2016 , PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide , putting it about on par with Xbox 360 , but behind the Wii . Its successor , the PlayStation 4 , was released later in November 2013 . On September 29 , 2015 , Sony confirmed that sales of the PlayStation 3 were to be discontinued in New Zealand , but the system remains in production in other markets . In March 2017 , the official site for PlayStation 3 in Japan was updated to state that it would be discontinued soon . On 29 May 2017 , the PlayStation 3 was discontinued in Japan , as of 2015 , the PS3 is getting discontinued in certain parts of the world . The PlayStation 3 will be discontinued worldwide soon ." }, { "docid": "PlayStation", "title": "", "text": "is a gaming brand that consists of four home video game consoles , as well as a media center , an online service , a line of controllers , two handhelds and a phone , as well as multiple magazines . It is created and owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment since December 3 , , with the launch of the original PlayStation in Japan . The original console in the series was the first video game console to ship 100 million units , 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch . Its successor , the PlayStation 2 , was released in 2000 . The PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home console to date , having reached over 155 million units sold as of December 28 , 2012 . Sony 's next console , the PlayStation 3 , was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013 . Sony 's latest console , the PlayStation 4 , was released in 2013 , selling 1 million consoles in its first 24 hours on sale , becoming the fastest selling console in history . The first handheld game console in the PlayStation series , the PlayStation Portable or PSP , sold a total of 80 million units worldwide by November 2013 . Its successor , the PlayStation Vita , which launched in Japan on December 17 , 2011 and in most other major territories in February 2012 , had sold over 4 million units by January 2013 . PlayStation TV is a microconsole and a non-portable variant of the PlayStation Vita handheld game console . Other hardware released as part of the PlayStation series includes the PSX , a digital video recorder which was integrated with the PlayStation and PlayStation 2 , though it was short lived due to its high price and was never released outside Japan , as well as a Sony Bravia television set which has an integrated PlayStation 2 . The main series of controllers utilized by the PlayStation series is the DualShock , which is a line of vibration-feedback gamepad having sold 28 million controllers as of June 28 , 2008 . The PlayStation Network is an online service with over 110 million users worldwide ( as of July 2013 ) . It comprises an online virtual market , the PlayStation Store , which allows the purchase and download of games and various forms of multimedia , a subscription-based online service known as PlayStation Plus and a social gaming networking service called PlayStation Home , which had over 41 million users worldwide at the time of its closure in March 2015 . PlayStation Mobile ( formerly PlayStation Suite ) is a software framework that provides PlayStation content on mobile devices . Version 1 . xx supports both PlayStation Vita , PlayStation TV and certain devices that run the Android operating system , whereas version 2.00 released in 2014 would only target PlayStation Vita and ( optionally ) PlayStation TV . Content set to be released under the framework consist of only original PlayStation games currently . 7th generation PlayStation products also use the XrossMediaBar , which is an award-winning graphical user interface . A touch screen-based user interface called LiveArea was launched for the PlayStation Vita , which integrates social networking elements into the interface . Additionally , the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 consoles also featured support for Linux-based operating systems ; Linux for PlayStation 2 and OtherOS respectively , though this has since been discontinued . The series has also been known for its numerous marketing campaigns , the latest of which being the `` Greatness Awaits '' commercials in the United States . The series also has a strong line-up of first-party titles due to Sony Interactive Entertainment Worldwide Studios , a group of fifteen first-party developers owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment which are dedicated to developing first-party games for the series . In addition , the series features various budget re-releases of titles by Sony with different names for each region ; these include the Greatest Hits , Platinum , Essentials , Favorites and The Best ranges of titles ." }, { "docid": "PlayStation_4", "title": "", "text": "PlayStation 4 ( PS4 ) is a line of home video game consoles developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 during a press conference on February 20 , 2013 , it was launched on November 15 in North America , November 29 in Europe , South America and Australia ; and February 22 , 2014 , in Japan . It competes with Nintendo 's Wii U and Microsoft 's Xbox One , as part of the eighth generation of video game consoles . Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor , the console features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit ( APU ) built upon the x86-64 architecture , which can theoretically peak at 1.84 teraflops ; AMD stated that it was the `` most powerful '' APU it had developed to date . The PlayStation 4 places an increased emphasis on social interaction and integration with other devices and services , including the ability to play games off-console on PlayStation Vita and other supported devices ( `` Remote Play '' ) , the ability to stream gameplay online or to friends , with them controlling gameplay remotely ( `` Share Play '' ) . The console 's controller was also redesigned and improved over the PlayStation 3 , with improved buttons and analog sticks , and an integrated touchpad among other changes . The console also supports HDR10 high-dynamic-range color and playback of 4K multimedia . Reception to the original PlayStation 4 model was positive , with critics praising Sony for acknowledging its consumers ' needs , embrace of independent game development , and for not imposing restrictive digital rights management schemes that Microsoft had previously announced for Xbox One prior to its release . Critics and third-party studios also praised the capabilities of the PlayStation 4 in comparison to its competitors ; developers described the performance difference between the console and Xbox One as being `` significant '' and `` obvious '' . Heightened demand also helped Sony top global console sales . By the end of 2016 , more than 53 million consoles have been sold worldwide , with more than 57 million shipped . On September 7 , 2016 , Sony unveiled two hardware revisions of PlayStation 4 ; a slim build of the console , and a `` Pro '' version with an upgraded GPU and higher CPU clock rate to support 4K gameplay on supported titles ." }, { "docid": "Destiny:_Rise_of_Iron", "title": "", "text": "Destiny : Rise of Iron is a major expansion for Bungie 's first-person shooter , Destiny . The expansion was released on September 20 , 2016 , as the fourth and last expansion of Destiny . It revolves around the Fallen enemy race , as they have breached the Wall that surrounds Earth 's last safe city and are utilizing the SIVA virus , a Golden Age nanotechnology characterized by self-replication and self-assembly . Lord Saladin , the last known remaining Iron Lord , guides players to become a new generation of Iron Lords and wipe out SIVA . Rise of Iron adds content across the game , including a new campaign , new missions , new Player versus Environment ( PvE ) locations , new Player versus Player ( PvP ) maps , a new PvP game mode , player gear , weaponry , a new social space , and a new raid . Unlike the base game and the previous three expansions , which were all available on PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One , Rise of Iron is only available for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . Upon the expansion 's release , retailers issued Destiny : The Collection , which includes Destiny ( base game ) , Rise of Iron , and the previous three expansions , The Dark Below , House of Wolves , and The Taken King ." }, { "docid": "PlayStation_4_models", "title": "", "text": "The PlayStation 4 video game console has been produced in various models . At launch , the PlayStation 4 was available with a 500 GB hard disk drive . Since then , Sony have released two further redesigned models , the `` Slim '' and `` Pro '' models , with the latter supporting 4K video output . , the total number of consoles sold is estimated at 40 million ." }, { "docid": "Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles", "title": "", "text": "In the history of video games , the eighth generation includes consoles released since by Nintendo , Microsoft , and Sony Computer Entertainment . For home consoles , the eighth generation began on November 18 , 2012 with the release of the Wii U , and continued with the release of the PlayStation 4 on November 15 , 2013 , and Xbox One on November 22 , 2013 . These video game consoles follow their seventh generation predecessors : Nintendo 's Wii , Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Microsoft 's Xbox 360 , respectively . For video game handhelds , the generation began in February 2011 with the release of the Nintendo 3DS , successor to the Nintendo DS , in Japan , followed by a North American and European release in March . Nintendo released the New Nintendo 3DS XL in North America on February 13 , 2015 . The successor of the PlayStation Portable , the PlayStation Vita , was released in Japan in December 2011 , and in Western markets in February 2012 . The generation was predicted to face competition from smartphones , tablets , and smart TVs . In 2013 , gaming revenue on Android overtook portable game console revenue , while remaining a distant second to iOS gaming revenue . In FY 2013 ( ending early 2013 ) , Nintendo sold 23.7 million consoles , while Apple sold 58.2 million iPads in FY 2012 ( ending late 2012 ) . All three of the eighth generation home consoles use AMD GPUs , and two of them use AMD CPUs , a transition from IBM 's PowerPC Architecture used in the previous generation . Microsoft , Nintendo , and Sony were not aware that they were all using AMD processors until all their consoles were announced . Both AMD and Nvidia are optimistic for the PC market , as the unified CPU/GPU processors in the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One use the same x86 programming architecture found in PCs , with AMD planning to introduce similar processors to desktop and laptop PCs in the near future . Nvidia claims that game consoles will no longer be able to compete with PC graphics due to massive R&D funding by Nvidia and AMD , and stricter size and power requirements of consoles . The million dollar pre-sale success of Ouya , an Android-based microconsole initially founded through crowdfunding has raised open-source development and the free-to-play model as key issues to be addressed by eighth generation consoles . The microconsoles like Nvidia Shield Console , MOJO , Razer Switchblade , GamePop , GameStick , Ouya , and PC-based Steam Machine consoles are attempting to compete in this market ; these are seldom referred to as `` eighth generation '' consoles or even as `` seventh generation '' consoles , however ." }, { "docid": "Infamous_(series)", "title": "", "text": "Infamous ( stylized as inFAMOUS ) is a series of action-adventure platformer open world video games developed by Sucker Punch Productions and published by Sony Computer Entertainment exclusively for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 video game consoles . The series follows the adventures of Cole MacGrath , Delsin Rowe and Abigail ` Fetch ' Walker , superpowered ` Conduits ' who must decide their own destinies of becoming either good or evil . The series includes Infamous , its sequel Infamous 2 , the non-canon downloadable game called Infamous : Festival of Blood , the DC Comics comic book series of the same name , the third main entry for the PlayStation 4 called Infamous Second Son and the stand-alone expansion Infamous First Light ." }, { "docid": "Superstar_Dance_Club", "title": "", "text": "Superstar Dance Club : # 1 Hits ( `` LOVE ★ パラ～ラブリー東京パラパラ娘～ '' ) is a game created by XS Games . It was released for the PlayStation console in 2001 . It was released for the PlayStation Network on March 11 , 2010 in Europe . It was released for Steam on August 4 , 2015 . Category :2001 video games Category : Dance video games Category : Music video games Category : PlayStation ( console ) games Category : PlayStation Network games" }, { "docid": "List_of_PlayStation_4_games", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of games for the PlayStation 4 . It includes PlayStation 4 games available on disc ( all of which are also available digitally ) and PlayStation 4 games only available to download from the PlayStation Store . It does not include PlayStation 2 games re-released for PlayStation 4 . There is currently games across both this page and the remainder of the list of PlayStation VR games . Exclusive = 104 Console exclusive = 388 Timed = 31 Multiplatform = 841" }, { "docid": "Trine_2", "title": "", "text": "Trine 2 is a side-scrolling action platform and puzzle video game developed by Frozenbyte . It is the sequel to Trine and was released on Windows , OS X , PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Arcade on December 7 , 2011 and for Linux on March 31 , 2012 . Trine 2 allows three players to play the iconic roles of a wizard , a thief , and a knight in a simultaneous cooperative mode . A Director 's Cut edition was confirmed during Nintendo 's conference at E3 2012 , and was available via Wii U 's eShop on the console 's launch day in all regions except Australia and Japan . The Director 's Cut edition is Frozenbyte 's first self-published title on a console format , although this edition was released by Nintendo themselves in Japan on January 2014 . On October 28 , 2013 it was announced via the PlayStation Blog that Trine 2 : Complete Story will be coming to PlayStation 4 . It was released as a launch title for the PlayStation 4 in North America and Europe . It 's the first PlayStation 4 game to support stereoscopic 3D ." }, { "docid": "List_of_PlayStation_4_games_released_on_disc", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of games for Sony 's PlayStation 4 home video game console that have been released at retail on Blu-ray Disc . Most of these titles are also available for download from the PlayStation Network ." }, { "docid": "Suikoden_(video_game)", "title": "", "text": "is a role-playing game published by Konami as the first installment of the Suikoden series . Developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo , it was released initially in 1995 for the PlayStation in Japan . North American and British releases followed one year later , and a mainland European release came the following March . The game was also released for the Sega Saturn in 1998 only in Japan , and for Microsoft Windows in 1998 in Japan . On December 22 , 2008 , Suikoden was made available on the PlayStation Store for use on the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable consoles . The game centers on the political struggles of the Scarlet Moon Empire . The player controls a Scarlet Moon Empire general 's son who is destined to seek out 108 warriors ( referred to as the 108 Stars of Destiny ) in order to revolt against the corrupt sovereign state and bring peace to a war-torn land . The game is loosely based on the Chinese novel Shui Hu Zhuan , and features a vast array of characters both controllable and not , with over ninety characters usable in combat and many more able to help or hinder the hero in a variety of ways ." }, { "docid": "X-Men:_Destiny", "title": "", "text": "X-Men : Destiny is an action role-playing video game based on the X-Men comic book series . It was developed by Silicon Knights . Written by Mike Carey , the writer of the X-Men : Legacy comic book series , it was first published and released by Activision for the Nintendo DS , PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 and Nintendo Wii consoles . Along with many other games published by Activision that had used a Marvel license , X-Men : Destiny was de-listed and subsequently removed from all digital storefronts on January 1 , 2014 . The game and another game , Too Human , were recalled , and had their unsold copies destroyed due to legal issues between Silicon Knights and Epic Games over the games ' use of Unreal Engine 3 code ." }, { "docid": "Destiny_2", "title": "", "text": "Destiny 2 is an upcoming online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game in development by Bungie and in assistance , Vicarious Visions and High Moon Studios . It will be published by Activision . It is set to be released on September 8 , 2017 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , with a Microsoft Windows version having an unconfirmed release date . It will be the sequel to 2014 's Destiny and its subsequent expansions ." }, { "docid": "PlayStation_(console)", "title": "", "text": "The PlayStation ( officially abbreviated to PS , and commonly known as the PS1 or PSX ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . The console was released on 3 December in Japan , 9 September 1995 in North America , 29 September 1995 in Europe , and for 15 November 1995 in Australia . The console was the first of the PlayStation lineup of home video game consoles . It primarily competed with the Nintendo 64 and the Sega Saturn as part of the fifth generation of video game consoles . The PlayStation is the first `` computer entertainment platform '' to ship 100 million units , which it had reached 9 years and 6 months after its initial launch . In 2000 , a redesigned , slim version called the PSone was released , replacing the original grey console and named appropriately to avoid confusion with its successor , the PlayStation 2 . In 1999 , Sony announced the successor to the PlayStation , the PlayStation 2 , which is backwards compatible with the PlayStation 's DualShock controller and games , and launched the console in 2000 . The last PSone units were sold in winter 2004 before it was officially discontinued in March 2005 , for a total of 102 million units shipped since its launch 10 years earlier . Games for the PlayStation continued to sell until Sony ceased production of PlayStation games on 23 March 2006 -- over 11 years after it had been released , and less than a year before the debut of the PlayStation 3 ." }, { "docid": "Dragon_Ball_Xenoverse_2", "title": "", "text": "Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2 is a fighting role-playing video game developed by Dimps and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment based on the Dragon Ball franchise . It is the sequel to Dragon Ball Xenoverse that was released on February 5 , 2015 . for PlayStation 4 , Xbox One and on October 28 for Microsoft Windows . In Japan , Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2 has been released only on PlayStation 4 . The game will be released for the Nintendo Switch in 2017 , making it the first Dragon Ball game on the console . It is the second Dragon Ball video game released on eighth generation video game consoles ." }, { "docid": "Ace_Combat_7:_Skies_Unknown", "title": "", "text": "is an upcoming action combat flight simulator video game developed and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for the PlayStation 4 , Xbox One , and Microsoft Windows . It is the first Ace Combat game developed for an eighth generation console . The PlayStation 4 version will feature exclusive missions for PlayStation VR . Two-player local multiplayer will also be featured . It was revealed at PlayStation Experience 2015 in December 2015 . Initially announced only for the PlayStation 4 , it was later confirmed to be a multiplatform release in a trailer released in January 2017 . The game serves as a sequel to Ace Combat 6 : Fires of Liberation , and uses Unreal Engine 4 . It was initially announced that the game would be released in 2017 , but it has since been delayed to 2018 ." }, { "docid": "Killzone_(series)", "title": "", "text": "Killzone is a first-person and twin sticks shooter series of video games exclusively for Sony Computer Entertainment 's ( SCE ) video game consoles . The main series and the PlayStation Portable ( PSP ) installment were developed by Guerrilla Games , a subsidiary of SCE , and the PlayStation Vita installment was developed by Guerrilla Cambridge in the United Kingdom . Killzone currently consists of six games spanning over the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation Vita , and the PlayStation 4 . The series began on the PlayStation 2 in November with Killzone , and continued on the PlayStation Portable in October with Killzone : Liberation . Killzone 2 was released for the PlayStation 3 in February , and Killzone 3 was released in February , also for the PlayStation 3 . Killzone : Mercenary was released for the PlayStation Vita in September 2013 , followed by Killzone Shadow Fall , a launch title for the PlayStation 4 , in November 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Don_Bradman_Cricket_14", "title": "", "text": "Don Bradman Cricket 14 ( re-release retitled Don Bradman Cricket ) is a cricket video game for the PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 , Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . It was developed by Big Ant Studios and published by Tru Blu Entertainment . The game was originally released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in various countries that compete in cricket in April 2014 ; it was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on 11 February 2015 . Its sequel Don Bradman Cricket 17 was released on 16 December 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Bomberman_'94", "title": "", "text": "is a video game from the Bomberman series which was developed and published by Hudson Soft for the PC Engine and released on December 10 , 1993 in Japan . It was later re-developed by Westone and re-published by Sega as Mega Bomberman on the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis in 1994 in other areas . The PC Engine Bomberman '94 was later released outside Japan through the Wii 's Virtual Console and the PlayStation 3 's PlayStation Network . The game supports single-player and multi-player modes . In single player , the player navigates several levels of mazes , destroying creatures with bombs . In multiplayer mode , players defeat each other with bombs . The Mega Drive/Genesis port had some differences , such as fewer options in multi-player , and some different music ( for example , Jammin ' Jungle 's music in the original version was reused as the first level in Super Bomberman 4 , but is entirely different in the other version ) . The original Bomberman '94 was first made available outside Japan in the North American Virtual Console . And Released for Mobile phone version call Bomberman ' 08 . The previous game , Bomberman ' 93 , was made available instead when Bomberman '94 was released in Japan 's Virtual Console . Bomberman '94 was released on the Japanese PlayStation Network on July 15 , 2009 for play on the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable . It was later released in North America on June 2 , 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Digimon_Story:_Cyber_Sleuth", "title": "", "text": "is a role-playing video game developed by Media.Vision and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for the PlayStation Vita and PlayStation 4 , based on the Digimon franchise . It is the fifth game in the Digimon Story series , following 2011 's Super Xros Wars , and the first to be released on home consoles . An English version of the game was released in early February 2016 , and features cross-save functionality between the two platforms . A follow-up , titled Digimon Story : Cyber Sleuth - Hacker 's Memory , will be released in Japan in 2017 and in Western territories in early 2018 for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita ." }, { "docid": "SingStar", "title": "", "text": "SingStar is a competitive music video game series for PlayStation consoles , developed by London Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment . Dozens of installments were released for the PlayStation 2 , and several more for the PlayStation 3 . It is also available on the PlayStation 4 as a free app download , with users paying for the songs as individual or bundle downloads . The games have also undergone a number of non-English releases in various European countries . SingStar games on disc for PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 are distributed either as the software alone , or bundled with a pair of USB microphones -- one red , one blue ; wireless microphones are also available . The games are compatible with the EyeToy , PlayStation Eye and PlayStation 4 cameras , allowing players to see and record themselves singing ." }, { "docid": "Just_Dance_4", "title": "", "text": "Just Dance 4 is a music video game developed by Ubisoft as the fourth main installment of the Just Dance series . Announced at E3 2012 by Flo Rida and Aisha Tyler , it was released on the Wii , the Wii U , the PlayStation 3 ( for PlayStation Move ) , and the Xbox 360 ( for Kinect ) on October 9 , 2012 in North America , and was released in Europe and Australia on October 2 , 2012 . The Wii U version was released on November 18 , 2012 in North America and was released on November 30 , 2012 in Europe and Australia , alongside the system . A sequel , Just Dance 2014 , was released in October 2013 for all motion-control consoles , and released as a launch title for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One ." }, { "docid": "Insomniac_Games", "title": "", "text": "Insomniac Games , Inc. is an American video game developer whose corporate headquarters is located in Burbank , California . It was founded in 1994 by Ted Price as `` Xtreme Software '' , and was renamed `` Insomniac Games '' a year later . It has released titles for the PlayStation , PlayStation 2 , PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 4 and Xbox One video game consoles . The company 's first project was Disruptor , for the first PlayStation console , whose poor sales almost led to the company 's bankruptcy . Insomniac 's next project was Spyro the Dragon , a successful video game that spawned two sequels within two years . Insomniac then developed a new franchise , Ratchet & Clank , for the PlayStation 2 . The company also developed the Resistance series for the PlayStation 3 , and released its first multi-platform game , Fuse in 2013 . The company also worked with Microsoft Studios on 2014 's Sunset Overdrive . The company 's current projects include an underwater Metroidvania game called Song of the Deep , an Oculus Rift action-adventure game titled Edge of Nowhere , and an as-yet untitled Spider-Man game for the PlayStation 4 . Insomniac Games has received recognition from critics as an acclaimed video game developer . It was named the twentieth-best video game developer by IGN , and one of the best places to work in America by the Society for Human Resource Management ." }, { "docid": "Diablo_III:_Reaper_of_Souls", "title": "", "text": "Diablo III : Reaper of Souls is the first expansion pack for the action role-playing video game Diablo III . It was revealed at Gamescom 2013 . It was released for the PC and Mac versions of Diablo III on March 25 , 2014 . The expansion pack content was released as part of the Diablo III : Ultimate Evil Edition version for consoles on August 19 for the PlayStation 4 , Xbox One , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 . That edition expanded the base Diablo III game on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , and brought the game for the first time to the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One ." }, { "docid": "Metal_Slug_Anthology", "title": "", "text": "Metal Slug Anthology ( called in Japan ) is a video game compilation for the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable and the Wii . The Wii version boasts different controller configurations , most taking advantage of the Wii Remote , but the Classic Controller is not supported . The game also marks the return of SNK Playmore as a third-party developer for a Nintendo console since the SNES era . The graphics are virtually the same as the original versions released on arcade ( and the more recent titles published on PS2 and Xbox ) . The only major change is that all games now display at a converted 480i resolution ( compared to the standard 240p ) . Cooperative gameplay is enabled on the console versions of the game , while the PSP version has a wireless mode so that two people can play together and work as a team . A downloadable version was made available on the PlayStation Store for PSP on October 1 , 2009 . The Metal Slug Anthology was then released on PlayStation 4 , on the PlayStation Network in 2016 ." } ]
143990	Heather Graham played the title character in the series Emily's Reasons Why Not in 2010.	[ { "docid": "Heather_Graham", "title": "", "text": "Heather Joan Graham ( born January 29 , 1970 ) is an American actress . After appearing in television commercials , her first starring role in a feature film came with the teen comedy License to Drive ( 1988 ) , followed by the critically acclaimed film Drugstore Cowboy ( 1989 ) , which gained her initial industry notice . She then played supporting roles in films such as Shout ( 1991 ) , Diggstown ( 1992 ) , Six Degrees of Separation ( 1993 ) , Swingers ( 1996 ) and on the television series Twin Peaks ( 1991 ) and its prequel film Fire Walk with Me ( 1992 ) , before gaining critical praise in Paul Thomas Anderson 's Boogie Nights ( 1997 ) as porn starlet Brandy / Rollergirl . In 1999 , she co-starred in Bowfinger and Austin Powers : The Spy Who Shagged Me . In the 2000s , Graham starred in films Committed ( 2000 ) , Say It Is n't So ( 2001 ) , Mary ( 2005 ) , Gray Matters ( 2007 ) , The Hangover ( 2009 ) and its sequel , The Hangover Part III ( 2013 ) . She also had a role on the television series Scrubs in 2004 , before playing the title character on the short-lived series Emily 's Reasons Why Not in 2006 . She also had recurring roles on Showtime 's Californication ( 2014 ) and Netflix 's Flaked ( 2016 ) . Noted for portraying characters with vast sex appeal , she often appears in magazine lists of `` Most Beautiful '' and `` Sexiest '' women . Graham is a public advocate for Children International , and supported the climate change campaign Global Cool in 2007 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Emily's_Reasons_Why_Not", "title": "", "text": "Emily 's Reasons Why Not is a television series starring Heather Graham . The show , which was based on the novel of the same name , was canceled by its broadcaster , ABC , after airing one episode on January 9 , 2006 ." }, { "docid": "Emily's_Reasons_Why_Not_(novel)", "title": "", "text": "Emily 's Reason 's Why Not is a novel by Carrie Gerlach , published in August 2004 . The main character , Emily Sanders , is a successful career woman in Los Angeles who has been unsuccessful in dating . She seeks help from a therapist who recommends that Emily make a list of ten reasons why each of her dating relationships has failed . This novel was the inspiration for a short-lived television series of the same name ." }, { "docid": "Miles_Heizer", "title": "", "text": "Miles Dominic Heizer ( born May 16 , 1994 ) is an American actor . As of 2017 , his most recent appearance was in the Netflix Original series 13 Reasons Why as Alex Standall . His most notable film appearance was in the 2007 movie Rails & Ties , in which he played character Davey Danner . From 2010 until 2015 , he starred in the NBC drama series Parenthood as Drew Holt , the son of Lauren Graham 's character Sarah Braverman . Miles appears in the 2016 film Nerve as Tommy , alongside actors Emma Roberts and Dave Franco . He also played the recurring role of Joshua Lipnicki on 4 episodes of the NBC medical drama series ER . In 2018 , Heizer will star in the upcoming film Simon vs. The Homo Sapiens Agenda as Cal ." }, { "docid": "Jared_Faber", "title": "", "text": "Jared Faber ( also known as J-Radical ) is an American musician , composer , producer and multi-instrumentalist . He grew up in New York City where he attended High School of Performing Arts , and later continued his music education at Berklee College of Music , studying jazz arranging and composition . Faber is primarily known as a composer for television and film . He was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on Clifford 's Puppy Days . Faber composed the music for the ABC show Emily 's Reasons Why Not starring Heather Graham . In addition to the episodic scoring , Faber co-wrote the theme song with frequent collaborator Emily Kapnek , which was performed by Macy Gray . Kapnek and Faber also composed the theme song for `` As Told by Ginger '' and `` Clifford 's Puppy Days '' . Often credited as J-Radical , Faber is half of the production team Urban Legend with partner Kool Kojak . Their first record `` Tranquilidad Cubana '' was partially recorded in Havana and has been featured on numerous TV shows including Dexter ( Showtime ) , Cane ( NBC ) . Also he is the founder of the label `` Blind Lemon Music '' . Faber 's forays into Latin music have led to him scoring the Fox pilot `` Ernesto '' starring Wilmer Valderrama , which had a decidedly Mexican style as well as collaborating with Wilmer and Rosario Dawson on the viral web series , `` Voto Latino '' . Faber contributed music to the film The Long Shots starring Ice Cube . The film also featured a song Faber co-wrote and produced , performed by Chris Pierce and Sy Smith . Faber resides and is established working in Los Angeles ." }, { "docid": "Emily_Kapnek", "title": "", "text": "Emily Kapnek is an actress , television producer and three time Emmy Award nominated writer . She has created the animated program As Told by Ginger , the short-lived television series Emily 's Reasons Why Not , the three season sitcom Suburgatory , and Selfie . She was a consulting producer on the television series Parks and Recreation ." }, { "docid": "Hannah_Baker", "title": "", "text": "Hannah Baker is a fictional character created by American author Jay Asher . She is the subject of his 2007 mystery novel Thirteen Reasons Why , and Netflix 's adaptation of the book , 13 Reasons Why . Hannah is introduced as a sophomore at the fictional Liberty High School , characterized by her struggle adjusting to life in an unsympathetic school environment . She is played by Katherine Langford on the television series . Despite her character 's death , Langford was signed on to appear in the show 's second season , which is set to air in 2018 . 13 Reasons Why was a breakout success and it became Netflix 's highest rated show and the most tweeted series soon after its release . While the critics and analysts were divided on to the treatment of Hannah 's character , her death in particular , they were analogous in their praise for Langford 's performance . She was catapulted to worldwide attention and was variously called `` a revelation '' , `` believable and raw '' , and `` magnetic '' . Daniel Montgomery of the Gold Derby thought of her as an early frontrunner for an Emmy Award nomination ." }, { "docid": "Sosie_Bacon", "title": "", "text": "Sosie Ruth Bacon ( born March 15 , 1992 ) is an American actress and the daughter of actors Kevin Bacon and Kyra Sedgwick . She was largely isolated from her parents ' careers during her childhood . Bacon 's first role was playing the 10-year-old Emily in the movie Loverboy , which was directed by Kevin Bacon . James Duff , producer of The Closer , was compelled by Bacon 's performance in Loverboy to suggest that she play the role of Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson 's niece Charlie in the fifth season of the show . Although her parents were opposed to her being involved in acting , Bacon accepted the role and appeared in four episodes alongside her mother , who played the role of Chief Johnson . She portrayed the character of Skye Miller in the TV series 13 Reasons Why ." }, { "docid": "Scrubs_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Scrubs ( stylized as -LSB- scrubs -RSB- ) is an American medical comedy-drama television series created by Bill Lawrence that aired from October 2 , 2001 , to March 17 , 2010 , on NBC and later ABC . The series follows the lives of employees at the fictional Sacred Heart teaching hospital . The title is a play on surgical scrubs and a term for a low-ranking person because at the beginning of the series , most of the main characters are medical interns . The series is fast-paced , with slapstick and surreal vignettes presented mostly as the daydreams of the central character , Dr. John `` J.D. '' Dorian , who is played by Zach Braff . The main cast for all but its last season consisted of Braff , Sarah Chalke , Donald Faison , Neil Flynn , Ken Jenkins , John C. McGinley , and Judy Reyes . The series featured multiple guest appearances by film actors , such as Brendan Fraser , Heather Graham , and Colin Farrell . Although season 8 's `` My Finale '' was conceived and filmed as a series finale , the show was eventually rebooted for a ninth season , with the setting moved to a medical school , and new cast members introduced . Of the original cast , only Braff , Faison , and McGinley remained regular cast members , while the others , with the exception of Reyes , made guest appearances ; Kerry Bishé , Eliza Coupe , Dave Franco , and Michael Mosley became series regulars , with Bishé becoming the show 's new narrator . Scrubs , produced by the television production division of Disney -- ABC Television Group , premiered on October 2 , 2001 , on NBC . The series received a Peabody Award in 2006 . During the seventh season , NBC announced that it would not renew the show ; ABC announced it had picked up the eighth season of the series , which began January 6 , 2009 . The ninth season premiered on December 1 , 2009 , and on May 14 , 2010 , ABC officially cancelled the series ." }, { "docid": "Bryce_Walker", "title": "", "text": "Bryce Walker is a fictional character created by author Jay Asher for Thirteen Reasons Why , a novel written for teenagers whose main character commits suicide . Bryce is also a character in 13 Reasons Why , the Netflix television series adaption of Asher 's story ." }, { "docid": "Clay_Jensen_(fictional_character)", "title": "", "text": "Clay Jensen is a fictional character created by author Jay Asher for Thirteen Reasons Why , a novel written for teenagers whose main character , Hannah Baker commits suicide . Clay is also a main character in the Netflix television series adaption of Asher 's story , where he is played by Dylan Minnette ." }, { "docid": "Alan_McKenna_(actor)", "title": "", "text": "Alan McKenna is a British actor who played the recurring character Tony Andrews in the BBC soap opera EastEnders . He is known for his role of Patrick McGuire in the BBC soap Doctors , in which he had a minor recurring role from 2001 to 2003 and again in September 2010 . His great aunt was Odette Hallowes ( 1912-1995 ) , noted Allied heroine of World War II . McKenna 's TV work includes Yorkshire Television 's The Brides in the Bath , Waking the Dead , The Bill , Judge John Deed , Spooks , Lead Balloon , and Life Begins . Alan is also a recurring character in Little Miss Jocelyn . He played Detective Inspector Phil Crabtree in the 2014 crime drama Happy Valley . He voiced various characters in the video game Titanfall . In 2015 he played Rhodri Probert in the ITV TV series Midsomer Murders episode 17.2 `` Murder by Magic '' . He also wrote , produced and starred in the underwater action film , `` Pressure . '' His film work includes Blessed with Heather Graham , David Hemmings and Andy Serkis . Second in Command alongside Jean-Claude Van Damme , An American Werewolf in Paris with Julie Delpy and Dangerous Parking ." }, { "docid": "Heather_Graham_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Heather Graham ( born 1970 ) is an American actress . Heather Graham may refer to : Heather Graham ( cricketer ) ( born 1996 ) , Australian cricketer Heather Graham Pozzessere ( born 1953 ) , American romance novelist Heather Heggestad ( previously Heather Graham ) , Canadian curler" }, { "docid": "Nancy_Thompson_(A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street)", "title": "", "text": "Nancy Thompson ( named Nancy Holbrook in the 2010 reboot ) is a fictional character in the A Nightmare on Elm Street franchise . She was portrayed by actress Heather Langenkamp in the original film series and by Rooney Mara in the 2010 remake . Heather 's portrayal of the character got her into the Rotten Tomatoes Horror Movie Survivor Hall of Fame . Introduced in the original A Nightmare on Elm Street film in 1984 , Nancy is the first person to battle Freddy Krueger and survive . In A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) , Nancy guides the last of the Elm Street children with their battle against Freddy . In Wes Craven 's New Nightmare ( 1994 ) , a fictionalized version of Heather Langenkamp must become Nancy once again to put an end to an entity embodying Freddy in the `` real world '' . Nancy also appears in the comic book series , novels , video games and the 2010 reboot . She has been featured in a variety of merchandise based on the films . A popular A Nightmare on Elm Street character , Nancy has been called a 1980s icon and has often been regarded as one of the most significant female protagonists in all of cinema . She has also been regarded as a prominent figure in American pop culture ." }, { "docid": "Katherine_Langford", "title": "", "text": "Katherine Langford ( born 29 April 1996 ) is an Australian actress . She is best known for playing Hannah Baker in the 2017 Netflix series 13 Reasons Why , based on the novel of the same title ." }, { "docid": "Sundown_(Lost)", "title": "", "text": "`` Sundown '' is the sixth television episode of the American Broadcasting Company 's sixth season of the serial drama television series Lost and 109th episode overall . The episode aired on March 2 , 2010 , on ABC in the United States . The episode was written by co-executive producer Paul Zbyszewski and story editor Graham Roland ( making his writing debut for the series ) and directed by Bobby Roth . Sayid Jarrah is the character the episode is centered on . In 2007 , Claire Littleton ( Emilie de Ravin ) delivers a message from The Man in Black ( Terry O'Quinn ) . Due to this , Sayid Jarrah ( Naveen Andrews ) is tasked by Dogen ( Hiroyuki Sanada ) to kill the Man in Black , who gives Sayid a difficult decision . In the `` flash-sideways '' , Sayid is drawn into a family crisis ." }, { "docid": "Emily_Litella", "title": "", "text": "Emily Litella is a fictional character played by legendary comedian Gilda Radner in a series of appearances on Saturday Night Live . Based on a person in her early life , Emily Litella is a popular character in Radner 's comedy repertoire ." }, { "docid": "Heather_Graham_(cricketer)", "title": "", "text": "Heather Graham ( born 5 October 1996 ) is an Australian cricketer who plays for Western Fury and Perth Scorchers ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Home_and_Away_characters_(2005)", "title": "", "text": "Home and Away is an Australian soap opera . The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2005 , by order of appearance . They were all introduced by the show 's series producer Julie McGuaran . The 18th season of Home and Away began airing on the Seven Network on 10 January 2005 . The first introduction of year was Emily Perry as Eve Jacobsen . Issac Gorman arrived as Ryan Baker in March as did Sharni Vinson as Cassie Turner . Doug Scroope began playing Graham Walters in April . Ryan 's mother , Amanda Vale , played by Holly Brisley debuted in June . Todd Lasance began playing Aden Jefferies in August and The Holden family consisting of widower Tony ( Jon Sivewright ) and his two sons Jack ( Paul O'Brien ) and Lucas ( Rhys Wakefield ) arrived in the same month . James Mitchell began playing Jonah Abraham and Linden Wilkinson joined the serial as Mumma Rose in November ." }, { "docid": "Heather_Webber_(General_Hospital)", "title": "", "text": "Heather Webber is a fictional character from ABC 's original daytime soap opera , General Hospital . The character was first introduced in the summer of 1976 . Though played by several actresses , soap veteran Robin Mattson , who stepped into the role in 1980 , is most known for her portrayal of Heather . Mattson received three Soapy Awards as Best Villainess for the role and a nomination as Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for a Daytime Emmy Award in 1983 ." }, { "docid": "Emily_Fitch", "title": "", "text": "Emily Fitch is a fictional character in the television series Skins , played by Kathryn Prescott . She is introduced in the third series . Her twin sister Katie is played by Kathryn 's real-life twin Megan Prescott ." }, { "docid": "13_Reasons_Why", "title": "", "text": "13 Reasons Why ( stylized onscreen as Th1rteen R3asons Why ) is an American drama-mystery web television series based on the 2007 novel Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher and adapted by Brian Yorkey for Netflix . The series revolves around a high school student , Clay Jensen , and his friend Hannah Baker , a girl who committed suicide after suffering a series of demoralizing circumstances brought on by select individuals at her school . A box of cassette tapes recorded by Hannah before her suicide details thirteen reasons why she ended her life . Diana Son and Brian Yorkey serve as co-showrunners on the series . The first season consists of thirteen episodes . The series is produced by July Moon Productions , Kicked to the Curb Productions , Anonymous Content and Paramount Television . Originally conceived as a film set to be released by Universal Pictures with Selena Gomez in the lead role , the adaptation was picked up as a television series by Netflix in late 2015 . Gomez serves as an executive producer . The first season , and the special 13 Reasons Why : Beyond the Reasons , were released worldwide on Netflix on March 31 , 2017 . The series has received largely positive reviews from critics and audiences , who have praised its subject matter and casting , particularly the two leads , Dylan Minnette and Katherine Langford . It has attracted controversy from some over the series ' graphic depiction of issues such as suicide and rape , along with other mature content . In May 2017 , it was announced the series had been renewed for a second season , scheduled to premiere in 2018 ." }, { "docid": "Kerris_Dorsey", "title": "", "text": "Kerris Lilla Dorsey ( born January 9 , 1998 ) is an American actress and singer . She is known for her role as Josie in the American Girl movie `` McKenna Shoots for the Stars '' , Paige Whedon on the television series Brothers & Sisters from 2006 to 2011 , for playing Billy Beane 's ( Brad Pitt ) daughter , Casey Beane , in the 2011 film Moneyball and for playing Emily Cooper in the 2014 comedy Alexander and the Terrible , Horrible , No Good , Very Bad Day . She plays Bridget , daughter of the title character on the Showtime series Ray Donovan ." }, { "docid": "Heather_Young_(actress)", "title": "", "text": "Heather Young ( born April 1 , 1945 ) is a former actress who is best known for playing the character Betty Hamilton on the television series Land of the Giants ." }, { "docid": "Emily_Meade", "title": "", "text": "Emily Meade ( born January 10 , 1989 ) is an American film and television actress . She has appeared in films such as Twelve ( 2010 ) , My Soul to Take ( 2010 ) , Gim me Shelter ( 2013 ) , That Awkward Moment ( 2014 ) , Money Monster ( 2016 ) , and Nerve ( 2016 ) , and the television series Boardwalk Empire , Law & Order : Special Victims Unit , The Leftovers and Broad City . She has also portrayed a future version of the character Ella Blake in the science fiction series Fringe third season finale . She is set to appear in the upcoming HBO series The Deuce ." }, { "docid": "The_Reason_Why_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "The Reason Why is a 2010 album by Little Big Town The Reason Why may also refer to" }, { "docid": "List_of_This_Is_Emily_Yeung_episodes", "title": "", "text": "The following is a list of episodes for the TV series This is Emily Yeung . Like This is Daniel Cook , all episode titles begin with the series title . This is Emily Yeung Beading . This is Emily Yeung Making Origami . This is Emily Yeung With The Humane Society . This is Emily Yeung Making Animal Balloons . This is Emily Yeung Making An Upside-Down Pineapple Cake . This is Emily Yeung Snowboarding . This is Emily Yeung Taking Care Of Horses . This is Emily Yeung Making A Snowman . This is Emily Yeung Cross-country skiing . This is Emily Yeung Making A Clay Dolphin . This is Emily Yeung Learning About Snakes . This is Emily Yeung Learning Karate . This is Emily Yeung Making Sushi . This is Emily Yeung Visiting An Ice hotel . This is Emily Yeung Ice fishing . This is Emily Yeung Touring Quebec City . This is Emily Yeung Making A Stuffed animal . This is Emily Yeung Making Bubble tea . This is Emily Yeung Learning An African dance . This is Emily Yeung At An Amusement Park . This is Emily Yeung Knitting . This is Emily Yeung Putting On A Puppet Show . This is Emily Yeung Exploring the Castle . This is Emily Yeung Playing Basketball . This is Emily Yeung With The Paramedics . This is Emily Yeung Taking Care Of Kittens . This is Emily Yeung Exploring The Forest . This is Emily Yeung Learning About An Eco-House . This is Emily Yeung Making Juice . This is Emily Yeung Doing Science Experiments . This is Emily Yeung Learning About Worms . This is Emily Yeung Making A Medicine Wheel . This is Emily Yeung Riding On A Tractor . This is Emily Yeung Learning About Chickens . This is Emily Yeung At The Post Office . This is Emily Yeung Learning About Camels . This is Emily Yeung Building A Tree House . This is Emily Yeung Ballet Dancing . This is Emily Yeung Riding a Bike . This is Emily Yeung Becoming a Cowgirl . This is Emily Yeung Playing Road hockey . This is Emily Yeung Visiting A Hot Spring . This is Emily Yeung Exploring The Rocky Mountains . This is Emily Yeung On A Rainy Day . This is Emily Yeung Dressing Up . This is Emily Yeung Learning About Fireworks . This is Emily Yeung Swimming With Dolphins . This is Emily Yeung Snorkeling . This is Emily Yeung With Cirque du Soleil . This is Emily Yeung Training To Be An Astronaut . This is Emily Yeung Making Strawberry Jam . This is Emily Yeung Building A Sand Sculpture . This is Emily Yeung Making A Collage . This is Emily Yeung With The Blue Man Group . This is Emily Yeung Baking Bread . This is Emily Yeung Planting A Tree . This is Emily Yeung Making Muffins . This is Emily Yeung Making A Sun Catcher . This is Emily Yeung Learning About Rabbits . This is Emily Yeung Making A Wind Chime . This is Emily Yeung Learning About Water Safety . This is Emily Yeung Skipping Rope . This is Emily Yeung Making Goat Cheese . This is Emily Yeung Making A Mask . This is Emily Yeung Playing Soccer . This is Emliy Yeung Exploring a Farm . ( 30-Minute Special ) This is Emliy Yeung Celebrating the Holidays . ( 30-Minute Special ) Category : Lists of children 's television series episodes" }, { "docid": "Heather_Hudson", "title": "", "text": "Heather Hudson may refer to : Heather Hudson ( artist ) , artist who has worked primarily on games Heather Hudson ( Exiles ) , also known as Sasquatch , fictional character in the Marvel Comics Exiles series Vindicator ( comics ) , aka Heather MacNeil Hudson and Guardian , fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe" }, { "docid": "Will_Smith_(Home_and_Away)", "title": "", "text": "William `` Will '' Smith is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Home and Away , played by Zac Drayson . He made his first on-screen appearance on 13 February 1998 . Will was a regular on the show from 1998 to 2002 . He continued to make frequent guest appearances until 2005 . In 2010 , it was announced that the character and Drayson would be returning to the show . Will returned to the series as a guest with his daughter on 14 October 2010 . On 7 February 2011 , Will was finally revealed to have been the murderer of Penn Graham after a long running storyline . He left the series on 8 February 2011 ." }, { "docid": "Amanda_Carrington", "title": "", "text": "Amanda Carrington is a fictional character on the American TV series Dynasty . The role was originated by Catherine Oxenberg early in the fifth season ( 1984 ) . Oxenberg left the series after the 1985-1986 season . The role was immediately recast with Karen Cellini , though no explanation was given as to why Amanda now spoke with an American accent . Scenes were reshot from the sixth season finale pool catfight with Heather Locklear to update the recap segment of the Season Seven premiere episode . However , Amanda was abruptly written out of the series and Cellini was released from her contract after only 13 episodes . Amanda was never mentioned again , not even in 1991 's Dynasty : The Reunion miniseries ." }, { "docid": "Khan!_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Khan ! is an American television detective series . Set in San Francisco , it is named after the central character , a Chinese-American detective , played by Khigh Dhiegh . Evan C. Kim and Irene Yah-Ling Sun are featured as his relatives . Four episodes were aired in February 1975 on CBS . Dhiegh insisted on having no onscreen billing for his role , despite playing the title character . In an interview to promote the show , he stated , `` To be made the focal point of attention is something that disturbs me greatly . After all , we must remember it is not me , the individual , that is important . That is why I have told CBS I want no credits for the series . The goal is not to make any one person a star , but to create something that is good for all . ''" } ]
224086	Battle Studies World Tour was a global tour.	[ { "docid": "Battle_Studies_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "Battle Studies World Tour was a worldwide tour by American singer John Mayer . The tour spanned across the United States , Canada , Denmark , Australia , and the Netherlands , promoting his 2009 album Battle Studies ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Global_Spirit_Tour", "title": "", "text": "Global Spirit Tour is an ongoing worldwide concert tour by English electronic music band Depeche Mode in support of the group 's 14th studio album , Spirit . The Summer 2017 European stadium tour will see the band play to more than 1.5 million fans in 32 cities in 21 countries across Europe . The tour started at Solna 's Friends Arena on May 5 , 2017 and ends July 23 with a final stadium show in Cluj-Napoca , Romania . Following the European tour dates in Summer 2017 , the Global Spirit Tour will continue with shows in North and South America . The Global Spirit Tour will support the band 's forthcoming studio album Spirit , due to be released in Spring 2017 . Spirit is being produced by James Ford and will be released worldwide on Columbia Records . On the Global Spirit Tour the band will continue their charity partnership with Swiss watch maker Hublot , raising money and awareness for Charity : Water toward their mission of providing safe drinking water to everyone in the world . To promote their worldwide tour , Depeche Mode gave a promotional concert in Berlin on March 17 in front of 1000 fans ." }, { "docid": "Battle_Born_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Battle Born World Tour is the fourth major concert tour by American rock band The Killers , in support of their fourth studio album Battle Born , which was released in September 2012 . The tour included the band 's biggest show to date at Wembley Stadium . It also saw them visit new territories including Russia , Ukraine , China and South East Asia . The tour was the 43rd highest grossing worldwide during 2013 ." }, { "docid": "2013_ATP_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2013 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the 2013 tennis season . The 2013 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) and the ATP World Tour Finals . Also included in the 2013 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which was organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points ." }, { "docid": "2015_ATP_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2015 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the 2015 tennis season . The 2015 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) and the ATP World Tour Finals . Also included in the 2015 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points ." }, { "docid": "2018_ATP_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2018 ATP World Tour is the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the 2018 tennis season . The 2018 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the ATP World Tour Finals and the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) . Also included in the 2018 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points ." }, { "docid": "2017_ATP_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2017 ATP World Tour is the global elite men 's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the 2017 tennis season . The 2017 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000s , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the ATP World Tour Finals , and the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) . Also included in the 2017 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points ." }, { "docid": "2014_ATP_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2014 ATP World Tour was the global male elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the 2014 tennis season . The 2014 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) and the ATP World Tour Finals . Also included in the 2014 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points . The women 's counterpart of the ATP is the WTA ( Women 's Tennis Association ) and the 2014 WTA Tour ." }, { "docid": "2016_ATP_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2016 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the 2016 tennis season . The 2016 ATP World Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , the ATP World Tour Finals and the tennis event at the Rio Summer Olympic Games . Also included in the 2016 calendar was the Hopman Cup , which was organized by the ITF and did not distribute ranking points ." }, { "docid": "2012_ATP_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2012 ATP World Tour is the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) for the 2012 tennis season . The 2012 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the ATP World Team Championship , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , the ATP World Tour Finals , and the tennis event at the London Summer Olympic Games . Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points ." }, { "docid": "The_Battle_of_Los_Angeles_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Battle of Los Angeles Tour was a 1999 -- 2000 concert tour by the band Rage Against the Machine in support of their album The Battle of Los Angeles . It had six legs : one for promotional shows around the world , two European legs , an Asia leg and the other in the US and Canada . Rage Against The Machine had planned to tour with the Beastie Boys on the 2000 `` Rhyme and Reason '' tour ; however , the tour was canceled when Beastie Boys drummer Mike D suffered a serious injury . The band had also planned to tour Australia and New Zealand for the second time , but the tour never happened because the band broke up . This was the last tour Rage Against the Machine performed together on before breaking up on October 18 , 2000 ." }, { "docid": "2017_FIVB_Beach_Volleyball_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2017 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour was the global elite professional beach volleyball circuit organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball ( FIVB ) for the 2017 beach volleyball season . The 2017 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour Calendar comprised five FIVB World Tour 5-star tournaments , three 4-star , four 3-star , four 2-star and seven 1-star events , the World Championships and the World Tour Finals , all organised by the FIVB . The third edition of the Swatch Beach Volleyball FIVB World Tour Finals was held in Canada , August 22-27 , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "DIS_–_Study_Abroad_in_Scandinavia", "title": "", "text": "DIS -- Study Abroad in Scandinavia ( DIS ) is a non-profit study abroad organization with locations in Copenhagen ( Vestergade ) and Stockholm ( Valhallavägen ) , offering semester , academic year , and summer programs taught in English . Established in 1959 , DIS offers students enrolled in North American universities engaging and challenging coursework enriched by faculty who teach what they do , field studies , hands-on learning opportunities , and study tours across Europe . Cultural engagement opportunities integrate students into the local culture and students gain academic knowledge and intercultural skills to prepare for a globalized world . DIS students are usually undergraduate juniors or seniors from highly selective North American universities . With over 300 academic courses to choose from between Copenhagen and Stockholm , as well as semester and summer options , students are able to mix and match courses to meet major requirements . The majority of the faculty at DIS are hired as part-time instructors , while also holding permanent jobs in academia , government , the public sector and the professions . All have final university degrees qualifying them to teach at universities . Some staff members also teach courses , and a few faculty are employed on a permanent basis . Study tours are fully integrated in the academic program . Early in the semester , the students travel on a short study tour for three days in Denmark , Sweden , or a neighboring country , combined with a two-day seminar in Copenhagen or Stockholm . Later in the semester , the students travel with their core course on a week-long study tour in Europe . Additionally , they can take an elective course with an integrated Optional Study Tour , or explore Europe on a DIScovery Trip during two additional breaks . The DIS application process varies by university . Most students apply to DIS from their home campus , typically through the study abroad or international office . Other students apply directly to DIS on a rolling basis ." }, { "docid": "World_domination_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "World domination is the concept of a single power or ideology dominating the world . World domination or global domination may also refer to : World Domination ( Kompressor album ) , 2001 World Domination ( Naildown album ) , 2005 World Domination Enterprises , a UK independent rock band World Domination Recordings , a US record label Global Domination ( video game ) , a 1993 computer game Global Conquest , a 1992 computer game World Domination ( The Re-Visit ) , a continuation of The Pussycat Dolls tour - World Domination Tour `` World Domination '' , a 1986 hit single by the Belle Stars" }, { "docid": "Music_Bank_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Music Bank World Tour is a worldwide live concert tour of South Korean music show Music Bank by the Korean Broadcasting System . The tour stages live performances , featuring multiple K-pop acts , in various locations outside of South Korea . Since July 2011 , the Music Bank World Tour has been held in multiple cities across Asia , Europe , Latin America and Middle East with an estimated global live audience of 180,000 ." }, { "docid": "Freeride_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Freeride World Tour is an annually toured series of events in which the best freeskiers and snowboard freeriders compete for individual event wins , as well as the overall title of World Champion in their respective genders and disciplines . The events take place on what 's commonly referred to as `` backcountry '' , `` big mountain '' or `` extreme '' terrain - essentially ungroomed powder snow on dangerously steep , mountainous slopes . The first event series under the Freeride World Tour moniker took place in 2008 . Prior to that it was known as the Verbier Extreme , originally a snowboard only contest launched in 1996 - with skiers also invited to compete in 2004 . For the 2013 season , the Freeride World Tour merged with the Freeskiing World Tour and The North Face Masters of Snowboarding , combining all three tours under one unified global 5-star championship series ." }, { "docid": "The_Harem_World_Tour:_Live_from_Las_Vegas", "title": "", "text": "The Harem World Tour : Live From Las Vegas ( 2004 ) is a live album and video recording of Sarah Brightman 's concert held in Las Vegas , part of her global Harem World Tour ." }, { "docid": "LG_Action_Sports_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The LG Action Sports World Tour is the global professional action sports circuit , featuring skateboarding , inline skating , freeskiing , BMX and freestyle motocross . The Tour culminates in the LG Action Sports World Championships in October . The LG Action Sports World Tour started in 2003 . In America , the competitions are broadcast on CBS and OLN . Contest results are hosted at : http://www.LGactionsports.com and http://www.actionsportstour.com . They are published in Sports Illustrated For Kids Action Sports by Matt Higgins ." }, { "docid": "2016_FIVB_Beach_Volleyball_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2016 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour was the global elite professional beach volleyball circuit organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball ( FIVB ) for the 2016 beach volleyball season . The 2016 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour Calendar comprised four FIVB World Tour Grand Slams , 13 Open tournaments ( Doha and Kish Island only for men ) and four Major Series events , organised by the Swatch Beach Volleyball Major Series . The second edition of the Swatch Beach Volleyball FIVB World Tour Finals was held in Toronto , Canada September 13-18 , 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Elements_of_Life_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Elements of Life World Tour was a Tiësto tour in support of his album Elements of Life . The concept behind his latest album Elements of Life also formed the basis for his global ` Elements of Life World Tour ' . The show featured state-of-the-art special effects , moving water systems synchronized with the music and high-definition video screens . 3 trucks were needed to transport this set-up across the world . The tour was captured in the ` Elements of Life World Tour DVD ' . South and Latin America brought some of the biggest crowds on his January and February South American leg of the tour . On January 7 , Tiesto played to a crowd of 200,000 people in the streets of Ipanema Beach in Rio de Janeiro . On February 16 , 2008 he played in India at the Gachibowli Stadium , Hyderabad , which was his first show in South Asia ." }, { "docid": "2012_2NE1_Global_Tour:_New_Evolution_(Live_in_Seoul)", "title": "", "text": "2012 2NE1 Global Tour : New Evolution ( Live in Seoul ) is the second live album of South Korean girl group 2NE1 . The album was released on December 4 , 2012 , by YG Entertainment . The album was recorded during the group 's first world tour New Evolution during their Seoul dates on July 28 and 29 at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena ." }, { "docid": "Reptile_World_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Reptile World Tour ( -LSB- ˈrɛptaɪl wɜːld tʊə -RSB- ) , or sometimes just The Reptile Tour was a global concert tour held by the British Rock musician Eric Clapton in support of his fifteenth studio album Reptile . The tour started on February 3 , 2001 at London 's Royal Albert Hall and ended on December 15 , 2001 at the Yokohama Arena in Yokohama . The tour included notable nights like Clapton 's first long concert stint at the Royal Albert Hall for the first time since 1996 , rare appearances in South America , as well as first-ever performances in Moscow and St Petersburg , Russia , Mexico and Venezuela . For the tour , Clapton selected a number of musicians who also recorded on the 2001 Reptile album . The basic line-up consisted of Andy Fairweather Low on rhythm guitar , Nathan East on electric and acoustic bass guitar , Steve Gadd on drums and David Sancious on keyboards and rhythm guitar . Other musicians like Billy Preston on Hammond organ , Greg Phillinganes on keyboards and Hammond organ , Paulinho da Costa on percussion as well as The Impressions only appeared on selected dates of the tour . The tour 's set list also underwent changes during the tour . In 2001 , Clapton said this was going to be his last major world tour . However , he did perform another world tour in 2011 to support his Clapton album ." }, { "docid": "Global_Champions_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Global Champions Tour ( GCT ) is an annual show jumping series that comprises 14 rounds of competition hosted around the world . It brings together the top 30 riders in the FEI Jumping World Rankings . It was founded in 2006 by the Olympic gold medalist Jan Tops . Member of the Monaco royal family Charlotte Casiraghi is Honorary President of the Jumping International de Monte-Carlo leg of the tour and regular high-profile competitors include Athina Onassis , Georgina Bloomberg , Jessica Springsteen , Sofia Abramovich , Guillaume Canet and Jennifer Gates . In 2014 , overall LGCT Championship winner Scott Brash ( see Rules below ) received just under $ 300,000 , making it the biggest single prize in any of the three Olympic equestrian disciplines ( dressage , eventing and showjumping ) . During this season , Brash won over $ 852,000 in total prize money making the Longines Global Champions Tour one of , if not the , richest equestrian sporting series in the world . Since 2007 , all LGCT events have been held as CSI 5 * , which means that under FEI rules they are championship-level events . The LGCT classes are run under FEI rules but the governing body has no part in the organisation of the series , aside from ratifying the schedule . The LGCT is not an FEI series like the World Cup or the Nations Cup competitions . The television broadcaster is Eurosport ." }, { "docid": "2008_Global_Champions_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2008 Global Champions Tour was the 3rd edition of the Global Champions Tour ( GCT ) , an important international show jumping competition series . The 2008 Global Champions Tour was the first edition of the Global Champions Tour as official series of the FEI . The series is held mainly in Europe , one competition and also the final are held outside of Europe . All competitions are endowed with 300000 $ . All GCT events were held as CSI 5 * . The competitions was held between April 10 , 2008 and September 14 , 2008 . The final was held in São Paulo , Brazil from October 15 , 2008 to October 19 , 2008 . The champion of the Global Champions Tour Final of this year is Jessica Kürten of Ireland on Libertina ." }, { "docid": "Jimmy_Bosch", "title": "", "text": "Jimmy Bosch ( c. 1960 , aka `` El Trombon Criollo '' , is a jazz and Salsa Music trombonist composer and bandleader of Puerto Rican descent born in Jersey City , New Jersey . Having performed since age eleven , by age thirteen he was playing in several local Latin music bands , `` La Caliente '' , `` Arco Iris '' , `` La Sonica . '' While at Rutgers University studying classical music at age eighteen , he met Manny Oquendo and joined his band . He worked with Manny Oquendo on and off for over 20 years . Jimmy worked with Ray Barretto from the early 80 's to early 90 's . In 1996 he founded his own band `` La Orquesta Jimmy Bosch '' , and has recorded four albums as a solo artist . Jimmy began working with Israel Cacaho in 1987 , recorded and toured with Cachao also for over 20 years . Having recorded on over 100 recordings , Jimmy has toured with FANIA , Eddie Palmieri , Ruben Blades , Tipica Novel , Combinacion Perfecta , Pete El Conde Rodriguez , and so many more on a global level . Jimmy continues to tour as a solo artist and band leader imparting his years of experience with musicians all over the world . `` La Orquesta Jimmy Bosch '' and Jimmy Bosch y su Sexteto de Otro Mundo '' continues to tour globally . Bosch is an artist/clinician for Michael Rath Trombones . His personal instrument is a brass/nickel silver Rath R2 ." }, { "docid": "EuroLeague_American_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The EuroLeague American Tour is a series of games organized since 2009 . Its purpose is for EuroLeague and sometimes 2nd-tier level EuroCup teams to play against National Basketball Association teams , thereby promoting the game of basketball globally . The games of the EuroLeague American Tour are played by NBA rules . The EuroLeague American Tour continues a tradition of friendly competition between NBA and EuroLeague teams that dates back to 1978 , when Maccabi Tel Aviv played the Washington Bullets in Tel Aviv , Israel . Combined with the NBA Global Games , that also regularly present clashes between EuroLeague and NBA squads , they represent an effort to bring two different basketball worlds closer for the greater good of the game ." }, { "docid": "Redeemer_of_Souls_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The Redeemer of Souls Tour was a worldwide concert tour by British heavy metal band Judas Priest . It was in support of their latest studio album Redeemer of Souls . It was also their first tour since the conclusion of the Epitaph World Tour in 2012 , which was originally dubbed as a farewell tour ; the band has since retracted that statement . The 2016 release Battle Cry features the band 's performance recorded at Wacken Open Air on 1 August 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Battle_Beast_(band)", "title": "", "text": "Battle Beast is a Finnish heavy metal / power metal band established in Helsinki in 2008 . The initial line-up consisted of guitarists Anton Kabanen , Juuso Soinio and drummer Pyry Vikki , who were high school friends . The rest of the original line-up , singer Nitte Valo , bassist Eero Sipilä and keyboardist Janne Björkroth , joined the band after auditions . Before gaining a record contract , Battle Beast was best known for having won two major band competitions in year 2010 : the international Wacken Metal Battle 2010 , participated by thousands of bands from all around the world , whose final stage was held at the famed German metal festival Wacken Open Air ; soon after that , the band was announced the winner of Radio Rock Starba , a band competition held by the major Finnish radio station Radio Rock . With their victory in the Finnish competition the band received intense media exposure , and before the end of 2010 they had signed a record deal with the Finnish label Hype Records . Battle Beast 's first album , titled Steel , was released in Finland in Spring 2011 . With the support of the two singles , `` Show Me How to Die '' and `` Enter the Metal World '' , and their heavy airplay on Radio Rock , the album peaked at No. 7 upon its release . Although released only in Finland , the album soon caught the attention of the international metal label Nuclear Blast , with whom the band signed a licensing deal in late 2011 . A reissue of Steel , which included one bonus track , was released to the European market in January 2012 . The band was voted at the third place in the list for Newcomer Of The Year 2011 at the Finnish Metal Awards in February 2012 . To support the European release of Steel , Battle Beast toured for the first time as opening act for their countrymen Nightwish in many European dates of the Imaginaerum World Tour . The tour was reported a success by both bands . On the final show of the tour Nightwish paid their respects to the support band by performing a cover of `` Show Me How to Die '' as a part of their acoustic set . In Autumn 2012 , after touring the Finnish rock festivals for the summer , Nitte Valo was announced to be leaving the band because of family issues . With the news of her departure , came the announcement of a new lead singer Noora Louhimo from Tampere , Finland . With Louhimo in the band , Battle Beast started another European tour in November , this time supporting the Finnish power metal band Sonata Arctica . After the tour , the band immediately went into studio to record their second album . The label Hype Productions had gone out of business and the band moved on to Warner Music Finland , with Nuclear Blast still handling international releases . The first single with Noora Louhimo on vocals , `` Into the Heart of Danger '' was released on 26 April 2013 , followed by the album Battle Beast on 17 May 2013 . Another single and a music video for the song `` Black Ninja '' was released to coincide with the release of the album . The album topped the sales of its predecessor easily , peaking at No. 5 and staying on the charts for 17 weeks . The album also charted on various European countries including Germany . The following autumn Battle Beast headed on another European tour , this time supporting the German bands Powerwolf and U.D.O. . In January 2014 , Battle Beast was announced one of the five nominees for the best Finnish metal album in the national Emma-gaala awards . In January 2015 , Battle Beast released their third album Unholy Savior , topping the Finnish album chart on its release week . Soon after a European tour supporting Sabaton , in February 2015 the band parted ways with Anton Kabanen with both parties citing musical disagreements and other unsolvable issues within the band . He was replaced by Ossi Maristo and keyboardist Janne Björkroth 's brother , Joona Björkroth , on a sessional basis . Joona Björkroth became a permanent member in 2016 . The first single with the renewed line-up `` King For a Day '' was released in January 2016 , immediately picking up heavy airplay in Finland 's Radio Rock , followed by another single `` Familiar Hell '' in early 2017 . Battle Beast released their fourth album Bringer of Pain on February 17 , 2017 again topping the charts in their homeland . The album was also their first to reach the top 20 in Germany , debuting at # 14 on its release week . Following the release of Bringer of Pain Battle Beast went on a 5 + week European tour with support from Majesty and GYZE . They toured for the first time in North America that spring supporting Sabaton 's `` The Last Tour '' with Leaves ' Eyes . The band is expected to perform in Japan for the first time in September 2017 ." }, { "docid": "2012_Global_Champions_Tour", "title": "", "text": "The 2012 Global Champions Tour is the 7th edition of the Global Champions Tour ( GCT ) , an important international show jumping competition series ." }, { "docid": "Battle_of_Tours", "title": "", "text": "The Battle of Tours ( 10 October 732 ) -- also called the Battle of Poitiers and , by Arab sources , the Battle of the Palace of the Martyrs ( -LSB- معركة بلاط الشهداء , Ma'arakat Balāṭ ash-Shuhadā ' -RSB- ) -- was fought between Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate led by ` Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi , Governor-General of al-Andalus . It was fought in an area between the cities of Poitiers and Tours , in north-central France , near the village of Moussais-la-Bataille , about 20 km northeast of Poitiers . The location of the battle was close to the border between the Frankish realm and then-independent Aquitaine . The Franks were victorious . ` Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi was killed , and Charles subsequently extended his authority in the south . Details of the battle , including its exact location and the number of combatants , can not be determined from accounts that have survived . Notably , the Frankish troops won the battle without cavalry . Ninth-century chroniclers , who interpreted the outcome of the battle as divine judgment in his favour , gave Charles the nickname Martellus ( `` The Hammer '' ) . Later Christian chroniclers and pre-20th century historians praised Charles Martel as the champion of Christianity , characterizing the battle as the decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam , a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe ; according to modern military historian Victor Davis Hanson , `` most of the 18th and 19th century historians , like Gibbon , saw Poitiers ( Tours ) , as a landmark battle that marked the high tide of the Muslim advance into Europe . '' Leopold von Ranke felt that `` Poitiers was the turning point of one of the most important epochs in the history of the world . '' There is little dispute that the battle helped lay the foundations of the Carolingian Empire and Frankish domination of Europe for the next century . Most historians agree that `` the establishment of Frankish power in western Europe shaped that continent 's destiny and the Battle of Tours confirmed that power . ''" }, { "docid": "Association_of_Tennis_Professionals", "title": "", "text": "The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) was formed in September 1972 by Donald Dell , Bob Briner , Jack Kramer , and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players . Drysdale became the first President . Since 1990 , the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the organization 's name . In 1990 the organization was called the ATP Tour , which was renamed in 2001 as just ATP and the tour being called ATP Tour . In 2009 the name was changed again and is now known as the ATP World Tour . It is an evolution of the tour competitions previously known as Grand Prix tennis tournaments and World Championship Tennis ( WCT ) . The ATP 's global headquarters are in London , United Kingdom . ATP Americas is based in Ponte Vedra Beach , United States ; ATP Europe is headquartered in Monaco ; and ATP International , which covers Africa , Asia and Australasia , is based in Sydney , Australia . The counterpart organization in the women 's professional game is the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) ." } ]
39837	Samuel L. Jackson was in the M. Night Shyamalan film Unbreakable.	[ { "docid": "Samuel_L._Jackson", "title": "", "text": "Samuel Leroy Jackson ( born December 21 , 1948 ) is an American actor and film producer . He achieved prominence and critical acclaim in the early 1990s with films such as Jungle Fever ( 1991 ) , Patriot Games ( 1992 ) , Amos & Andrew ( 1993 ) , True Romance ( 1993 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) and his collaborations with director Quentin Tarantino including Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , Django Unchained ( 2012 ) , and The Hateful Eight ( 2015 ) . He is a highly prolific actor , having appeared in over 100 films , including Die Hard with a Vengeance ( 1995 ) , Unbreakable ( 2000 ) , Shaft ( 2000 ) , The 51st State ( 2001 ) , Black Snake Moan ( 2006 ) , Snakes on a Plane ( 2006 ) , and the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( 1999 -- 2005 ) , as well as the Marvel Cinematic Universe . With Jackson 's permission , his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury . He later cameoed as the character in a post-credits scene from Iron Man ( 2008 ) , and went on to sign a nine-film commitment to reprise this role in future films , including major roles in Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Marvel 's The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Captain America : The Winter Soldier ( 2014 ) and Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and minor roles in Thor ( 2011 ) and Captain America : The First Avenger ( 2011 ) . He has also portrayed the character in the second and final episodes of the first season of the TV show Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. . He has provided his voice to several animated films , television series and video games , including the roles of Lucius Best / Frozone in Pixar Animation Studios ' film The Incredibles ( 2004 ) , Mace Windu in Star Wars : The Clone Wars ( 2008 ) , Afro Samurai in the anime television series Afro Samurai ( 2007 ) , and Frank Tenpenny in the video game Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas ( 2004 ) . Jackson has achieved critical and commercial acclaim , surpassing Frank Welker as the actor with the highest-grossing film total of all time in October 2011 , and he has received numerous accolades and awards . He is married to LaTanya Richardson , with whom he has a daughter , Zoe . Samuel L. Jackson is ranked as the highest all-time box office star with over $ 4.9053 billion total box office gross , an average of $ 69.1 million per film ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Unbreakable_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Unbreakable is a 2000 American superhero thriller film written , produced , and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and starring Bruce Willis and Samuel L. Jackson , alongside Robin Wright and Spencer Treat Clark . In the film , a security guard named David Dunn survives a horrific train crash . After the incident , with the help of a manipulative disabled comic book shop owner named Elijah Price , he learns that he possesses superhuman powers . As Dunn explores and reluctantly confronts his powers while trying to navigate a difficult family life , he begins to fight crime and learns the true nature of Elijah Price . Shyamalan organized the narrative of Unbreakable to parallel a comic book 's traditional three-part story structure . After settling on the origin story , Shyamalan wrote the screenplay as a speculative screenplay with Bruce Willis already set to star in the film and Jackson in mind to portray Elijah Price . Filming began in April 2000 and was completed in July . Unbreakable was released on November 22 , 2000 . It received positive reviews , with critics praising its aesthetics , the performances and particularly the score by James Newton Howard . The film has subsequently gained a strong cult following . Many regard it as one of Shyamalan 's best films , and in 2011 Time listed the film as one of the top ten superhero movies of all time . After years of development for a follow-up film , a thematic sequel entitled Split , with Willis reprising his role as David Dunn in a cameo role , was released in January 2017 . After financial and critical success , Shyamalan immediately began working on a third film , titled Glass which will be released January 18 , 2019 ." }, { "docid": "Sam_Mercer", "title": "", "text": "Sam Mercer is a producer of many Hollywood films , including several projects directed by M. Night Shyamalan such as Signs , Lady in the Water and Unbreakable , as well as other films like Van Helsing and Things We Lost in the Fire . His career started during the early 1980s as a location manager and later advanced to a producer and executive producer . He also produced the M. Night Shyamalan films The Happening and The Last Airbender ." }, { "docid": "M._Night_Shyamalan", "title": "", "text": "Manoj `` M. Night '' Shyamalan ( -LSB- ˈʃɑːməlɑːn -RSB- born 6 August 1970 ) is an Indian American film director , screenwriter , author , producer , and actor known for making movies with contemporary supernatural plots and surprise endings . His most praised films include the supernatural horror thriller The Sixth Sense ( 1999 ) , the superhero drama thriller Unbreakable ( 2000 ) , the science fiction thriller Signs ( 2002 ) , the found footage horror The Visit ( 2015 ) and the psychological horror Split ( 2016 ) . His other films include The Village ( 2004 ) , Lady in the Water ( 2006 ) , The Happening ( 2008 ) , The Last Airbender ( 2010 ) , and After Earth ( 2013 ) . He is also known for producing Devil ( 2010 ) , as well as being instrumental in the creation of the Fox science fiction series '' Wayward Pines . Shyamalan is also known for filming and setting his films in and around Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he was raised . Most of his commercially successful films were co-produced and released by the Walt Disney Studios ' Touchstone and Hollywood film imprints . In 2008 , Shyamalan was awarded the Padma Shri by the government of India ." }, { "docid": "Blinding_Edge_Pictures", "title": "", "text": "Blinding Edge Pictures is an American film production company , founded in 2000 by M. Night Shyamalan , which is known for producing films written and directed by Shyamalan like Unbreakable ( 2000 ) , Signs ( 2002 ) , The Village ( 2004 ) , The Happening ( 2008 ) , After Earth ( 2013 ) , The Visit ( 2015 ) and Split ( 2017 ) . In 2015 , the company released its first television series Wayward Pines ." }, { "docid": "Split_(2016_American_film)", "title": "", "text": "Split is a 2016 American psychological horror-thriller film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan . The film stars James McAvoy , Anya Taylor-Joy , and Betty Buckley , and follows Kevin Wendell Crumb , a man with 23 different personalities who kidnaps and imprisons three teenage girls in an isolated underground facility . Principal photography began on November 11 , 2015 , in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The film premiered at Fantastic Fest on September 26 , 2016 , and was released in the United States on January 20 , 2017 , by Universal Pictures . The film received general acclaim , with some critics labeling it a welcoming return for Shyamalan , and was a massive financial success , grossing $ 276 million worldwide on a budget of $ 9 million . The film is a sequel to the 2000 movie Unbreakable which was also written , produced and directed by M. Night Shaymalan . A sequel has been confirmed which will be titled Glass ." }, { "docid": "Bostin_Christopher", "title": "", "text": "Bostin Christopher is an American actor most known for his role as Otis Broth in the 2008 film Otis . He was cast in the title role of Billy in the 2009 Short Film Billy 's in Love written & directed by John Larkin . He has also been featured in television shows such as Law & Order and Wonderland . Christopher also had a small role in M. Night Shyamalan 's Unbreakable , as a Comic Book Clerk . He also played Olaf , Mathayus ' immensely strong sidekick , in Scorpion King 3 ." }, { "docid": "The_Visit_(2015_American_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Visit is a 2015 American found footage horror film written , produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and starring Olivia DeJonge , Ed Oxenbould , Deanna Dunagan , Peter McRobbie , and Kathryn Hahn . The film was released in North America on September 11 , 2015 by Universal Pictures . The film received overall mixed reviews , though some viewed it as a comeback for Shyamalan . It was a box office success ." }, { "docid": "The_Happening_(2008_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide ." }, { "docid": "The_Sixth_Sense", "title": "", "text": "The Sixth Sense is a 1999 American supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan . The film tells the story of Cole Sear ( Haley Joel Osment ) , a troubled , isolated boy who is able to see and talk to the dead , and an equally troubled child psychologist named Malcolm Crowe ( Bruce Willis ) who tries to help him . The film established Shyamalan as a writer and director , and introduced the cinema public to his traits , most notably his affinity for surprise endings . Released by Hollywood Pictures on August 6 , 1999 , the film was received well ; critics highlighted the performances ( especially by Osment , Collette and Willis ) , its atmosphere , and twist conclusion . The film was the second-highest-grossing film of 1999 ( behind Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace ) , grossing about $ 293 million domestically and $ 672 million worldwide . The film was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Shyamalan , Best Original Screenplay , Best Supporting Actor for Osment , and Best Supporting Actress for Toni Collette ." }, { "docid": "Lady_in_the_Water", "title": "", "text": "Lady in the Water is a 2006 American dark fantasy film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan and starring Paul Giamatti and Bryce Dallas Howard . The film 's plot concerns the superintendent of a Philadelphia apartment complex who discovers a young woman in the swimming pool . Gradually , he and his neighbors learn that she is a water nymph ( or Narf ) whose life is in danger from a vicious , wolf-like , mystical creature called a Scrunt that tries to keep her from returning to her watery `` blue world '' . This is Shyamalan 's first movie in which he has played a significant role as one of the supporting actors . The film received a negative response from critics ; with criticism revolving around the film 's lack of consistency , characterization , and egotistical moves ( Shyamalan casting himself as a messianic writer and the film critic as a one dimensional jerk ) , along with it being considered a comedy and not a drama . The film was also a financial disappointment grossing merely $ 72 million against a $ 70 million production budget ." }, { "docid": "Soft_and_Wet", "title": "", "text": "`` Soft and Wet '' is a song performed by American musician Prince . It was his first solo single , released in June 1978 , from his debut album , For You . The track contains drums , bass guitar and synthesizers . The lyrics were cowritten by Chris Moon , the producer-songwriter-engineer who discovered Prince in Minneapolis . The song peaked at 92 on the Billboard Hot 100 on November 25 , 1978 , after two weeks on the chart . MC Hammer sampled `` Soft and Wet '' in `` She 's Soft and Wet , '' from the album Please Hammer , Do n't Hurt 'Em , while R&B singer N'dambi covered the song for her 2005 album A Weird Kind of Wonderful ( it appears on the Japan-only issue of said album ) . In a scene from the 2000 film Unbreakable , written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , Robin Wright 's character , Audrey , mentions to her husband , David ( Bruce Willis ) , that her favorite song is `` Soft and Wet . '' In the Japanese manga series , JoJo 's Bizarre Adventure Part 8 JoJolion , Josuke Higashikata 's stand `` Soft And Wet '' is named after the song ." }, { "docid": "The_Village_(2004_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Village is a 2004 American psychological horror film , written , produced , and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and starring Joaquin Phoenix , Adrien Brody , Bryce Dallas Howard , William Hurt , Sigourney Weaver , and Brendan Gleeson . The film is about a village whose inhabitants live in fear of creatures inhabiting the woods beyond it referred to as `` Those We Do n't Speak Of . '' Like other films written and directed by Shyamalan from the same time period , The Village has a twist ending . The film received mixed reviews , with critics especially divided about the plausibility and payoff of the ending . The film gave composer James Newton Howard his fourth Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score ." }, { "docid": "Wide_Awake_(1998_film)", "title": "", "text": "Wide Awake is a 1998 comedy-drama film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan and produced by Cathy Konrad and Cary Woods . The film stars Denis Leary , Dana Delany , Joseph Cross and Rosie O'Donnell . Wide Awake also features Julia Stiles in one of her earliest roles as the main character 's teenage sister , Neena . Although it was made in 1995 , the film was not released until 1998 . The script was written in 1991 . It was nominated for `` Best Family Feature -- Drama '' and `` Best Performance in a Feature Film -- Leading Young Actor '' at the 1999 Young Artist Awards . Shyamalan has described Wide Awake as a comedy that he hoped would also make people cry ." }, { "docid": "Hollywood_Pictures", "title": "", "text": "Hollywood Pictures was an American film production label of The Walt Disney Studios , a division of The Walt Disney Company . While then-Disney chief Michael Eisner at first intended Hollywood Pictures to be a full-fledged studio , like Touchstone , in recent years its operations have been scaled back and its management has been merged with the flagship Walt Disney Pictures studio . The division is known for having brought the works of M. Night Shyamalan to the theater ; its most profitable film to date is Shyamalan 's own breakout hit The Sixth Sense , which grossed over $ 600 million worldwide upon its 1999 release ." }, { "docid": "Devil_(2010_film)", "title": "", "text": "Devil ( also known as The Night Chronicles : Devil ) is a 2010 American supernatural horror film directed by John Erick Dowdle . The screenplay by Brian Nelson was from a story by M. Night Shyamalan . The film stars Chris Messina , Logan Marshall-Green , Geoffrey Arend , Bojana Novakovic , Jenny O'Hara , and Bokeem Woodbine . Devil was released on September 17 , 2010 . Critics praised the film 's atmosphere and performances , but criticized the short running-time and convoluted story ." }, { "docid": "Ted_Sutton", "title": "", "text": "Ted Sutton is an American actor and voice over artist . He is best known for playing Sergeant Cunningham in M. Night Shyamalan 's 2002 film Signs ." }, { "docid": "Andrew_Mondshein", "title": "", "text": "Andrew Steven Mondshein ( born February 28 , 1957 ) is an American film editor with more than 25 film credits . He was widely recognized for his editing of the film The Sixth Sense ( M. Night Shyamalan-1999 ) ; he was nominated for the Academy Award , the BAFTA Award , the ACE Eddie , and he won the Satellite Award ." }, { "docid": "List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Sixth_Sense", "title": "", "text": "The Sixth Sense is an American supernatural thriller film , written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan . The film was released on August 6 , 1999 , grossing over $ 26,600,000 on its opening weekend and ranking first place at the box office . Overall the film grossed over $ 293,500,000 domestically and $ 672,800,000 worldwide , which is approximately 16.8 times its budget of $ 40 million . The Sixth Sense was well received by critics , with an approval rating of 85 % from review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes . The film has received numerous awards and nominations , with nomination categories ranging from those honoring the film itself ( Best Film ) , to its writing , editing , and direction ( Best Direction , Best Editing , Best Original Screenplay ) , to its cast 's performance ( Best Actor / Actress ) . Especially lauded was the supporting role of actor Haley Joel Osment , whose nominations include an Academy Award , a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award , and a Golden Globe Award . Overall , The Sixth Sense was nominated for six Academy Awards and four British Academy Film Awards , but won none . The film received three nominations from the People 's Choice Awards and won all of them , with lead actor Bruce Willis being honored for his role . The Satellite Awards nominated the film in four categories , with awards given for writing ( M. Night Shyamalan ) and editing ( Andrew Mondshein ) . Supporting actress Toni Collette was nominated for both an Academy Award and a Satellite award for her role in the film . James Newton Howard was honored by the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers for his composition of the music for the film ." }, { "docid": "The_Last_Airbender_(soundtrack)", "title": "", "text": "The Last Airbender is the soundtrack album of the fantasy adventure film The Last Airbender , directed by M. Night Shyamalan . The score was composed by James Newton Howard . It was released on June 29 , 2010 by Lakeshore Records ." }, { "docid": "Barry_Mendel", "title": "", "text": "Barry Mendel is an American film producer . The first film he produced was Rushmore , directed by Wes Anderson which won IFP Independent Spirit Awards for Best Director Anderson and Best Supporting Actor Bill Murray . This was followed by The Sixth Sense , directed by M. Night Shyamalan , which was nominated for six Academy Awards including Best Picture . Subsequently , he produced its follow-up , Unbreakable , then went back to work with Wes Anderson on the The Royal Tenenbaums , which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for writers Anderson and Owen Wilson . This collaboration continued on The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou , which was followed by Joss Whedon 's directorial debut , the critically acclaimed Serenity . Mendel conceived and spent eight years putting together Munich , which was directed by Steven Spielberg and was nominated for 5 Academy Awards including Best Picture . He then went back to work with Shyamalan , producing the box-office hit The Happening . In 2008 , Mendel produced Judd Apatow 's Funny People starring Adam Sandler , Seth Rogen , Leslie Mann , Jonah Hill , Eric Bana and Jason Schwartzman and also Drew Barrymore 's directorial debut , the critically acclaimed Whip It starring Ellen Page , Kristen Wiig and Barrymore and Peacock directed by Michael Lander featuring Cillian Murphy , Page and Susan Sarandon . In 2011 , Mendel joined Judd Apatow in producing the comedy hit Bridesmaids , which received two Academy Award nominations , including Best Original Screenplay ( for Kristen Wiig and Annie Mumolo ) and a Golden Globe nomination for Best Picture ( Comedy or Musical ) . He then reteamed with Apatow and Clayton Townsend to produce This Is 40 , written and directed by Apatow , then God Help the Girl , the Glasgow musical film written and directed by Belle and Sebastian 's Stuart Murdoch , which won a Special Jury Award at the Sundance Film Festival . He then produced Trainwreck , the 2015 hit comedy directed by Judd Apatow and written by and starring Amy Schumer , which received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Picture ( Comedy or Musical ) . Mendel is next re-teaming with Apatow to produce The Big Sick , written by Emily V. Gordon and Kumail Nanjiani which Michael Showalter is directing . Mendel began his career in film as a literary agent representing novelist/screenwriter Calder Willingham , best known as author of Eternal Fire and screenwriter of The Graduate and five collaborations with Stanley Kubrick , including Paths of Glory . Mendel wrote the biographical entry on Willingham in The Literary Encyclopedia . He lives with his wife in Pasadena , California ." }, { "docid": "Praying_with_Anger", "title": "", "text": "Praying with Anger is a 1992 Indian-American drama film , known for M. Night Shyamalan who made his directorial debut , produced , wrote and starred in the film . It is about a young Indian American 's return to India . To date , the film has been shown primarily at film festivals and never received a wide release for mainstream distribution . It has gradually developed a cult following as a work exploring the clash of Western values with those of the Indian subcontinent ." }, { "docid": "Deanna_Dunagan", "title": "", "text": "Deanna Dunagan ( born May 25 , 1940 ) is a Chicago-based American actress . Although Dunagan has appeared on television and in films , she is most admired for her work as a stage actress . She is best known for her Tony Award-winning portrayal of Violet Weston in Tracy Letts ' August : Osage County and for her portrayal of Nana in M. Night Shyamalan 's 2015 film The Visit ." }, { "docid": "Samuel_L._Jackson_filmography", "title": "", "text": "Samuel L. Jackson is an American actor and film producer . In 2009 , the collective total of all box office receipts for films that Jackson has starred in ( including minor roles and cameos ) is the highest of any on-screen actor . As of December 2015 , Jackson appeared in over one hundred films with a worldwide box office gross of approximately $ 16 billion to date . Jackson 's film career started in 1972 with a role in the film Together for Days . Over the next nineteen years Jackson was cast in multiple films as minor characters up until his breakthrough role as Gator , a crack addict , in the 1991 Spike Lee film Jungle Fever , for which he won a special jury prize for best supporting actor at the Cannes International Film Festival . Later , Jackson was cast in starring roles in Amos & Andrew , Pulp Fiction , The Great White Hype , A Time to Kill and The Negotiator . In 1999 , Jackson started playing the recurring character Mace Windu in both the Star Wars prequel trilogy and in the animated film Star Wars : The Clone Wars In 2000 , he has been cast as the lead in the remake of Shaft , S.W.A.T. , Coach Carter , Snakes on a Plane and Lakeview Terrace , among other films . Jackson played Marvel Comics character Nick Fury in the films Iron Man , Iron Man 2 , Thor , Captain America : The First Avenger , The Avengers , and Captain America : The Winter Soldier , the first six of a nine-film commitment as the character for Marvel Studios . He reprised the role again in Avengers : Age of Ultron . For his role in Pulp Fiction , Jackson won a British Academy of Film and Television Arts award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award . In 1994 , he was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a miniseries for Against the Wall . Jackson also received Golden Globe nominations in 1996 for A Time to Kill and in 1997 for Jackie Brown . In 2000 , Jackson was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and in 2006 put his hand and footprints outside Grauman 's Chinese Theatre ." }, { "docid": "Samuel_Jackson_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Samuel L. Jackson ( born 1948 ) is an American actor . Samuel Jackson or Sam Jackson may also refer to : Samuel D. Jackson ( 1895 -- 1951 ) , U.S. Senator from Indiana Samuel P. Jackson ( 1818 -- 1885 ) , American organist and composer Samuel Jackson ( artist ) ( 1784 -- 1869 ) , English artist Samuel Jackson ( cricketer ) ( 1859 -- 1941 ) , English cricketer Samuel Jackson Barnett ( 1873 -- 1956 ) , American physicist Samuel Jackson ( lawyer ) ( 1831 -- 1913 ) , New Zealand attorney and solicitor Samuel Jacob Jackson ( 1848 -- 1942 ) , Manitoba politician Samuel Macauley Jackson ( 1851 -- 1912 ) , American clergyman , editor and author Sam Jackson ( actor ) ( born 1993 ) , English actor Sam Jackson ( baseball ) ( 1849 -- 1930 ) , baseball player Sam Jackson ( publisher ) ( 1860 -- 1924 ) , American newspaper publisher Sam Peter Jackson ( born 1978 ) , playwright and actor" }, { "docid": "Signs", "title": "", "text": "Signs is the plural of sign . See sign ( disambiguation ) . Signs may also refer to : Signs ( film ) , a 2002 film by M. Night Shyamalan Signs ( short film ) , 2008 short film Signs ( journal ) , a journal of women 's studies Signs Gospel , a hypothetical source text for the Gospel of John , according to source criticism Signs of the Times ( magazine ) , a Seventh-day Adventist magazine published in the U.S. by Pacific Press Signs of the Times ( Australian magazine ) , the Australian edition of that magazine published by Signs Publishing Company Signs Publishing Company in Victoria , Australia" }, { "docid": "Reincarnation_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Reincarnation is the concept that the soul , after biological death , begins a new life in a new body . Synonyms include past lives and rebirth ( from Buddhism ) . reincarnation , other forms of this word , and synonyms for it , may also refer to : Reincarnation ( film ) , a Japanese horror film from 2005 Reincarnation ( novel ) , a fantasy novel by American author Suzanne Weyn `` Reincarnation '' ( Futurama ) , an episode from the sixth season of Futurama Reincarnate , a tentatively titled sequel to the M. Night Shyamalan film Devil ( 2010 film ) a reincarnate lama , from Tibet culture , known as a Tulku" }, { "docid": "Sun_Center_Studios", "title": "", "text": "Sun Center Studios is located in Chester Township , Delaware County , Pennsylvania . It is Pennsylvania 's first purpose-built television and film sound stages . Opened in 2009 , the first major production to use the facility was M. Night Shyamalan 's After Earth . Another more recent production filed there was Creed , the 7th Rocky film starring Sylvester Stallone and Michael B Jordan as Apollo Creed 's son which filmed at Sun Center Studios throughout February and up to 3 March 2015 ." }, { "docid": "The_Happening_(2008_soundtrack)", "title": "", "text": "The Happening is the soundtrack of the film of the same name . It was released on June 3 , 2008 . This album is the sixth collaboration between composer James Newton Howard and M. Night Shyamalan . The main theme is a simple rhythmic motif of three notes followed by a grace note to the fourth note , sometimes played as a minor second , sometimes as a minor third . The soundtrack was recorded at the Sony Scoring Stage ." }, { "docid": "Basic_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Basic is a 2003 American/German mystery-action thriller film directed by John McTiernan and starring John Travolta , Connie Nielsen and Samuel L. Jackson . As of 2017 , this is McTiernan 's most recent film , and it is the second collaboration of Travolta and Jackson , following 1994 's Pulp Fiction ." }, { "docid": "The_Last_Airbender", "title": "", "text": "The Last Airbender is a 2010 American action fantasy adventure film written , co-produced , and directed by M. Night Shyamalan . It is based on the first season of the 2000s Nickelodeon animated series Avatar : The Last Airbender . The film stars Noah Ringer as Aang , with Dev Patel as Prince Zuko , Nicola Peltz as Katara , and Jackson Rathbone as Sokka . Development for the film began in 2007 . It was produced by Nickelodeon Movies and distributed by Paramount Pictures . Premiering in New York City on June 30 , 2010 , it opened the following day in the rest of the country , grossing an estimated $ 16 million . The film was lambasted by critics upon release , with many reviewers citing inconsistencies between the plot , screenplay , and source material as well as deriding the acting , writing , casting , and dialogue . However , some praised the visual style , James Newton Howard 's soundtrack , and the performances from Dev Patel , Aasif Mandvi , and Shaun Toub . The film swept the Golden Raspberry Awards in 2010 , with five `` wins '' including Worst Picture ; the film is sometimes considered one of the worst ever made . Despite the negative reviews , The Last Airbender opened in second place at the box office behind The Twilight Saga : Eclipse . Produced on a $ 150 million budget , the film grossed $ 131 million domestically and $ 319 million worldwide . It is currently the fourth highest grossing Nickelodeon film , behind The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge Out of Water ( 2015 ) , Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ( 2014 ) , and The Adventures of Tintin ( 2011 ) ." } ]
40337	Singapore is south of Indonesia.	[ { "docid": "Singapore", "title": "", "text": "Singapore ( -LSB- ˈsɪŋgəpɔr -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Singapore , sometimes referred to as the Lion City , the Garden City or the Little Red Dot , is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia . It lies one degree ( 137 km ) north of the equator , at the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia 's Riau Islands to the south . Singapore 's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets . Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % ( 130 km2 ) , and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens . Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post of the East India Company ; after its collapse and the eventual establishment of the British Raj , the islands were ceded to Britain and became part of its Straits Settlements in 1826 . During the Second World War , Singapore was occupied by Japan . It gained independence from the UK in 1963 by federating with other former British territories to form Malaysia , but separated two years later over ideological differences , becoming a sovereign nation in 1965 . After early years of turbulence , and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland , the nation developed rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy , based on external trade and its workforce . Singapore is a global commerce , finance and transport hub . Its standings include : the most `` technology-ready '' nation ( WEF ) , top International-meetings city ( UIA ) , city with `` best investment potential '' ( BERI ) , second-most competitive country , third-largest foreign exchange market , third-largest financial centre , third-largest oil refining and trading centre , and the second-busiest container port . The country has also been identified as a tax haven . Singapore ranks 5th on the UN Human Development Index and the 3rd highest GDP per capita . It is ranked highly in education , healthcare , life expectancy , quality of life , personal safety , and housing . Although income inequality is high , 90 % of homes are owner-occupied . 38 % of Singapore 's 5.6 million residents are permanent residents and other foreign nationals . There are four official languages : English ( common and first language ) , Malay , Mandarin , Tamil ; almost all Singaporeans are bilingual . Singapore is a unitary multiparty parliamentary republic , with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government . The People 's Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959 . The dominance of the PAP , coupled with a low level of press freedom and restrictions on civil liberties and political rights , has led to Singapore being classified by some as a semi-authoritarian regime . One of the five founding members of the ASEAN , Singapore is also the host of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) Secretariat , and a member of the East Asia Summit , Non-Aligned Movement , and the Commonwealth of Nations ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Indonesia–Singapore_relations", "title": "", "text": "Indonesia -- Singapore relations are foreign bilateral relations between Republic of Indonesia and Republic of Singapore . Over the years , Indonesia and Singapore have maintained regular exchanges of high-level visits . The relations are underpinned by strong economic cooperation . In the past few years , Singapore has consistently been Indonesia 's top foreign investor . Singapore and Indonesia also cooperate across a wide range of sectors , including health , defence and the environment . The relations between Indonesia and Singapore are stemmed from proximity . Singapore is one of the nearest neighboring country of Indonesia . The city-state nation is engulfed by Indonesian territory in west , south , and east , sandwiched between Malaysia and Indonesia . Both nations are founders of ASEAN , members of the Non-Aligned Movement and APEC ." }, { "docid": "Singapore_International_School,_Indonesia", "title": "", "text": "Singapore School , Bona Vista ( SIS Bona Vista ) formerly known as Singapore International School ( Indonesia ) is an international school in Jakarta , Indonesia . The school caters for students from Preschool to 12th grade ( JC2 ) based on an international curriculum . It is located next to Bona Vista Apartment in South Jakarta and has 7 sister schools in Indonesia ." }, { "docid": "Indonesia–Singapore_border", "title": "", "text": "The Indonesia -- Singapore border is a maritime boundary in the Straits of Singapore between Indonesia 's Riau Islands which lie to the south of the border , and the islands of Singapore which lie to the north . The Straits of Singapore is one of the region 's busiest waterways as it is the main channel for Singapore 's ports . Only a portion of the maritime border between the two countries has been determined . The remaining parts , especially those lying to the east of the delimited boundary , may require the involvement of Malaysia as the country also possesses territorial waters in the area ." }, { "docid": "Geography_of_Singapore", "title": "", "text": "Singapore is a small , heavily urbanised , island city-state in Southeast Asia , located at the end of the Malayan Peninsula between Malaysia and Indonesia . Singapore has a total land area of 719.1 km2 . The Singapore area comprises mainland and other islands . The mainland of Singapore measures 50 km from east to west and 27 km from north to south with 193 km of coastline . These figures are based on 2.515 m High Water Mark cadastral survey boundaries . Singapore is separated from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait and from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor ." }, { "docid": "TIS_(cable_system)", "title": "", "text": "TIS ( Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore ) is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the South China Sea linking Thailand , Singapore , and Indonesia It has landing points in : Songkhla , Songkhla Province , Thailand Changi , Singapore Batam , Riau Islands , Indonesia It has an initial transmission capacity of 30 Gbit/s , upgradeable to 320 Gbit/s , and a total cable length of approximately 1,100 km . It started operation in December 2003 ." }, { "docid": "Aniplus_Asia", "title": "", "text": "ANIPLUS Asia is a 24-hour general entertainment channel focused on broadcasting anime within the South East Asia region . The channel was launched on 25 Nov 2013 and is currently available in Singapore , Malaysia , Indonesia , Thailand and the Philippines . It also offers select titles to OTT platforms iflix , HOOQ , LeEco and Tribe . ANIPLUS Asia is based in Singapore , while its parent company ANIPLUS TV is headquartered in South Korea . The channel airs the latest anime series from Japan . Notable series include Attack on Titan , Psycho-Pass and Kantai Collection . Now available in Thailand , Malaysia , Singapore , Indonesia & Philippines ." }, { "docid": "Eastern_Orthodox_Metropolitanate_of_Singapore_and_South_Asia", "title": "", "text": "Metropolitanate of Singapore and South Asia is an Eastern Orthodox Diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . It is centered in Singapore and has jurisdiction over Eastern Orthodox Christians in several countries of South Asia , including : Singapore , Indonesia , Malaysia , Brunei , Timor , Maldives , Sri Lanka , Bangladesh , India , Nepal , Bhutan , Pakistan and Afghanistan . It was founded in January 2008 by the decision of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople ." }, { "docid": "2016_Southeast_Asian_haze", "title": "", "text": "The 2016 Southeast Asian haze is an air pollution crisis affecting several countries in Southeast Asia , including Indonesia , Malaysia and Singapore . The haze is caused by Indonesian agricultural fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan . The fires are attributed to illegal slash-and-burn practices by companies and individual farmers , which remove vegetation to make way for plantations of palm oil , pulp and paper . On 17 August , 365 hot spots were detected on Indonesia 's Sumatra island , with 278 in the province of Riau . On 18 August , 158 hot spots were detected in the province of West Kalimantan . By 26 August , six Indonesian provinces had declared a state of emergency due to the fires : Central Kalimantan , Jambi , Riau , South Kalimantan , South Sumatra and West Kalimantan . Indonesia has reported arresting around 450 people in 2016 for their connections with the fires . On 17 August 2016 , Malaysia 's Air Pollutant Index first surpassed the ` unhealthy ' level of 100 for the region 's dry season . On 24 August , Malaysia offered to dispatch two Bombardier 415 fire-fighting aircraft if Indonesia would officially request help to tackle the fires . In June of 2016 , Singapore offered Indonesia a Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft for cloud seeding , as well as a Singapore Civil Defence Force fire-fighting team , and assistance in providing satellite pictures and determining the coordinates of fires . On 26 August 2016 , Singapore 's 24-hour Pollutant Standards Index ( PSI ) entered the ` unhealthy ' range of above 100 , while its 3-hour PSI reached 215 ." }, { "docid": "Singapore_Strait_crossing", "title": "", "text": "The Singapore Strait crossing is a proposed tunnel spanning the Singapore Strait and linking Singapore with the Riau archipelago of Indonesia , most likely with the island of Batam . In the early 1990s the Riau Islands experienced a major economic boom in response to the development of an industrial estate on Batam , located 15 km ( 9 mi ) southeast of Singapore . Singapore and Batam currently are connected only by ferry service . Indonesian legislator Harry Azhar Azis recommended that the government work with Singapore to develop a fixed link , suggesting a bridge across the Singapore Strait would give Indonesia better access to the Asian continent following the implementation of the free trade agreement between ASEAN and China Likewise , proponents in Singapore underscored that the bridge would position Singapore as an important intermediary for trade between Indonesia and the rest of Asia . Though a Singapore Strait bridge could eventually play a pivotal link in a hypothetical Trans Global Highway , a Singapore Strait crossing would not yet give full access to Indonesia 's road or rail system due to the lack of fixed links between Batam and mainland Indonesia . This latter corridor was identified for development in a 2011 government study , however the 250 km ( 160 mi ) distance across a series of islands , shallow channels , and sparsely populated forest poses enormous engineering and environmental challenges . The Singapore Strait crossing has not progressed past the proposal stage . The Malacca Strait Bridge was at the planning stage in 2012 and appeared a more likely candidate for connecting Indonesia to mainland Asia . If built , this route would bypass Singapore ." }, { "docid": "List_of_airports_in_Singapore", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of airports in Singapore , grouped by type and sorted by location . Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore , is an island country off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula , 137 km north of the equator , south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia 's Riau Islands . Singapore is a city-state . __ TOC __" }, { "docid": "Masked_rough-sided_frog", "title": "", "text": "Masked rough-sided frog may refer to : Hylarana baramica , a frog in the Ranidae family found in Brunei , Indonesia ( including Borneo , Java , Sumatra , and Bangka Island ) , Malaysia , Singapore , and the extreme south Thailand Hylarana laterimaculata , treated as a synonym of H. baramica by some authorities , a frog in the Ranidae family native to the Malay Peninsula ( southernmost Thailand , Malaysia , Singapore ) , Sarawak ( Malaysia ) , and the Natuna Besar island of Indonesia in the South China Sea Category : Animal common name disambiguation pages" }, { "docid": "Batam", "title": "", "text": "Batam is the largest city ( kota ) of Riau Islands Province of Indonesia as well the name of an island . The city of Batam administrative area covers of several islands : Batam Island is the core urban and industrial zone . Both Galang Island and Rempang Island are connected to Batam Island by short bridges , the 3 islands are collectively called Barelang . These latter two islands maintain their rural character , as does nearby Bulan Island , also administered as part of the municipality ( kota ) . Batam is an industrial boomtown , an emerging transport hub , and part of a free trade zone the Indonesia -- Malaysia -- Singapore Growth Triangle , located 20 km off Singapore 's south coast . The Batam municipality has a population of 1.164.352 in the 2015 intercensal survey . It is the closest part of Indonesia to Singapore , at a minimum land distance of 5.8 km . During the 2010 national Census , Batam was the fastest-growing municipality in Indonesia the decade prior , with a population growth rate of 11 % per year ." }, { "docid": "Outline_of_Singapore", "title": "", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to Singapore : Singapore -- sovereign republic comprising the main island of Singapore and smaller outlying islands which are located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia . Singapore lies 137 km north of the equator , south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia 's Riau Islands . Singapore is one of three remaining true city-states in the world . It is the second smallest nation in Asia ." }, { "docid": "2015_Southeast_Asian_haze", "title": "", "text": "The 2015 Southeast Asian haze was an air pollution crisis affecting several countries in Southeast Asia , including Brunei , Indonesia ( especially its islands of Sumatra and Borneo ) , Malaysia , Singapore , southern Thailand , Vietnam , Cambodia and the Philippines . The haze affected Indonesia from at least late June , to the end of October , turning into an international problem for other countries in September . It was the latest occurrence of the Southeast Asian haze , a long-term issue that occurs in varying intensity during every dry season in the region . It was caused by forest fires resulting from illegal slash-and-burn practices , principally on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan , which then spread quickly in the dry season . On 4 September 2015 , the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management stated that six Indonesian provinces had declared a state of emergency due to the haze ; these were Riau , Jambi , South Sumatra , West Kalimantan , Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan . On 14 September , a state of emergency was again declared in Riau , this time by the Indonesian government . Thousands of residents of Pekanbaru , Riau 's capital , fled to the nearby cities of Medan and Padang . On 24 October , the Pollutant Standards Index ( PSI ) hit a record high of 1801 , recorded in the province of Central Kalimantan . More than 28 million people in Indonesia alone were affected by the crisis , and more than 140,000 reported respiratory illness . According to a 2016 study , the haze caused more than 100,000 additional deaths , most of them ( > 90,000 ) in Indonesia . But later , the claim was refuted by Indonesia , Singapore and Malaysian health authorities . The Indonesian government estimated that the haze crisis would cost it between 300 and 475 trillion rupiah ( up to US$ 35 billion or S$ 47 billion ) to mitigate . School closures due to the haze were implemented in Indonesia , Malaysia and Singapore ; these affected nearly four million students in Malaysia alone . Among the events disrupted or even cancelled due to the haze were the 2015 FINA Swimming World Cup in Singapore and the Kuala Lumpur Marathon in Malaysia . Heavy rains in Sumatra and Kalimantan in the last days of October 2015 significantly reduced the size and number of fires , and improved the air quality in most affected areas . In turn , the NEA of Singapore stopped issuing haze advisories from 15 November 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Singapore_Strait", "title": "", "text": "The Singapore Strait ( ; Malay : Selat Singapura ) is a 105-kilometer long , 16-kilometer wide strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the Karimata Strait in the east . Singapore is on the north of the channel and the Riau Islands are on the south . The Indonesia-Singapore border lies along the length of the straits . It includes Keppel Harbour and many small islands . The strait provides the deepwater passage to the Port of Singapore , which makes it very busy . The depth of the Singapore Strait defines the maximum draft of vessels going through the Straits of Malacca , and the Malaccamax ship class ." }, { "docid": "Singapore_Medical_Group", "title": "", "text": "Singapore Medical Group ( SMG ) is a private specialist healthcare provider with a network of 24 specialities , 29 clinics and SMG Associates clinics in Asia . Incorporated in 2005 and listed on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited ( SGX ) since 2009 , SMG 's group of clinics span across Singapore , Indonesia , Vietnam and South Korea . The group is led by CEO Dr Beng Teck Liang since 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Tuas_View", "title": "", "text": "Tuas View is an industrial area in the south-westernmost region of Singapore . It is an entirely reclaimed land south-west off Tuas Crescent and Tuas South Avenue 5 . It is home to some of the world 's largest pharmaceutical companies like GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer . The Tuas Marine Transfer Station located on the western shores will transport the island 's incinerated wastes to Pulau Semakau for landfills . Furthermore , the world 's largest tunnel for storage of oil is being built in the south of extension . Two of the four incinerators in Singapore are also located in Tuas View . Currently land reclamation is being carried out in the Southern side of Tuas View in which it will stretch near to the sea border with Indonesia and it will be the southernmost point of Singapore mainland ." }, { "docid": "Matrix_cable_system", "title": "", "text": "MCS or Matrix Cable System is a submarine telecommunications cable linking Indonesia ( Jakarta and Batam ) and Singapore with a 2nd phase to Landing at Perth , Australia . Constructed by tyco ( TE Subcom ) It has landing points in : Pantai Mutiara , Jakarta , Indonesia Batu Besar , Batam , Indonesia Changi , Singapore , Singapore" }, { "docid": "Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore_Growth_Triangle", "title": "", "text": "The Sijori was established in 1994 between three countries , Indonesia , Malaysia and Singapore , to strengthen economic links in the region and optimise the complementarity between the three countries . It started off as the SIJORI Growth Triangle in 1989 , which includes Singapore , Johor ( in Malaysia ) , and a part of Riau Islands Province ( in Indonesia ) , specifically the Riau Archipelago ." }, { "docid": "Cold_Storage_(supermarket)", "title": "", "text": "Cold Storage is a supermarket chain in Singapore , owned by Dairy Farm International Holdings . It operates three supermarket brands in Singapore and Malaysia ; Cold Storage ( in Singapore , Malaysia and Indonesia ) , Market Place ( in Singapore ) and Giant Hypermarket ( in Singapore , Malaysia , Brunei , Indonesia , Vietnam and UAE ) . Cold Storage was the first supermarket of Singapore to offer its merchandise online in 1997 . The number of regular customers has since then grown from 6,000 in 1998 to more than 15,000 in 2012 ." }, { "docid": "Asia-America_Gateway", "title": "", "text": "The Asia-America Gateway ( AAG ) is a 20000 km long submarine communications cable system , connecting South-East Asia with the mainland of the United States , across the Pacific Ocean via Guam and Hawaii . The cable is capable of delivering up to 2.88 Tbit/s ( US-Hawaii & Hong Kong-South East Asia ) and 1.92 Tbit/s ( Hawaii-Hong Kong ) . The cable was ready for service on November 10 , 2009 . Development of the AAG cable system was funded , at a cost of $ 500 million USD , by 19 partners : The Authority for Info-Communications Technology Industry of Brunei Darussalam , AT&T ( USA ) , BayanTel ( Philippines ) , Bharti ( India ) , British Telecom Global Network Services ( UK ) , CAT Telecom ( Thailand ) , Telkom Indonesia ( Indonesia ) , ETPI ( Philippines ) , FPT Telecom ( Vietnam ) , Ezecom/Telcotech ( Cambodia ) , Indosat ( Indonesia ) , PLDT ( Philippines ) , Saigon Postal Corporation ( Vietnam ) , StarHub ( Singapore ) , Telekom Malaysia , Telstra ( Australia ) , Telecom New Zealand , Viettel ( Vietnam ) , and the Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group . The cable has landing points at the USA , Hawaii , Guam , Philippines , Hong Kong , Malaysia , Singapore , Thailand , Brunei and Vietnam ." }, { "docid": "History_of_clinical_psychological_services_in_Singapore", "title": "", "text": "This article is about the history of clinical psychological services in Singapore . The Asian city state of Singapore is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society of over 4 million people . Singapore is an island country made up of 63 islands , it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia 's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south . Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery . This article outlines the roots , chronological contexts and growth of clinical psychology through the periods from the 1950s to the new millennium . This article shows that Western clinical psychology is applicable and useful in meeting the mental health needs of people of Asian cultural backgrounds ." }, { "docid": "Suling", "title": "", "text": "A suling or Seruling is a Southeast Asian bamboo ring flute especially in Brunei , Indonesia , Malaysia , the Philippines and Singapore . It is used in gamelan ensembles . Depending on the regional genre , a suling can be tuned into different scales . Sulings can be found in the following regions : Borneo Brunei , Indonesia , Malaysia Bali , Indonesia Java ( Central Java ) , Indonesia Maluku , Indonesia Sunda ( West Java ) , Indonesia Malay Peninsular , Malaysia Mindanao , Philippines Sulu , Philippines Singapore" }, { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_Singapore", "title": "", "text": "Singapore is a global city and sovereign state in Southeast Asia and the world 's only island city-state . It lies one degree ( 137 km ) north of the equator , south of the southernmost tip of continental Asia and peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia 's Riau Islands to the south . Singapore 's territory consists of a diamond-shaped main island along with 62 other islets . Singapore has a highly developed market economy , based historically on extended entrepôt trade . Along with Hong Kong , South Korea , and Taiwan , Singapore is one of the original Four Asian Tigers , but has surpassed its peers in terms of GDP per capita . Between 1965 and 1995 , growth rates averaged around 6 per cent per annum , transforming the living standards of the population . The Singaporean economy is known as one of the freest , most innovative , most competitive , most dynamic and most business-friendly . The 2015 Index of Economic Freedom ranks Singapore as the second freest economy in the world and the Ease of Doing Business Index has also ranked Singapore as the easiest place to do business for the past decade . According to the Corruption Perceptions Index , Singapore is consistently ranked as one of the least corrupt countries in the world , along with New Zealand and the Scandinavian countries . To start a business in Singapore , business owners have to register the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority ( ACRA ) . ACRA is the national regulator and company registrar of business entities , accountants and service providers in Singapore ." }, { "docid": "Anglo-Chinese_School_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Anglo-Chinese School may refer to : Anglo-Chinese School , family of schools in Singapore . Anglo-Chinese School ( Independent ) , a school in Singapore offering both the GCE ` O ' Levels Course and the International Baccalaureate ( IB ) course . Anglo-Chinese School ( Primary ) , a primary school in Singapore . Anglo-Chinese Schools , Malaysia Anglo-Chinese School ( 1899 Philippine school ) Anglo-Chinese School ( International ) Singapore , Singapore , an ACS in Singapore ACS Jakarta , Jakarta , Indonesia , an ACS in Jakarta , Indonesia" }, { "docid": "EtonHouse_International_Education_Group", "title": "", "text": "EtonHouse International Education Group is an international provider and franchiser of private schools based on the International Baccalaureate , IGCSE and Reggio Emilia approach systems . An operator of pre-schools , primary , secondary and high schools , it has 100 such institutions , including schools in Hong Kong , India , Japan , South Korea , Indonesia , Vietnam , China , Myanmar , Cambodia , Kazakhstan , Middle East and Malaysia . EtonHouse is headquartered in Singapore with more than 120 schools spread across Singapore , Hong Kong , China , India , Indonesia , Korea , Japan , Malaysia , Cambodia , Vietnam , Myanmar , Middle East and Kazakhstan . EtonHouse has 9 International Baccalaureate ( IB ) World Schools in its fold ." }, { "docid": "Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Singapore", "title": "", "text": "This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Singapore . Singapore is an island city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula , 137 km north of the equator , south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia 's Riau Islands . Singapore is the smallest nation in Southeast Asia . The island rose in importance during the 14th century and became an important port until it was destroyed by Portuguese raiders in 1613 . In 1819 the Englishman Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles established a British trading post on the island . Under British colonial rule , Singapore grew in importance rapidly becoming a major port city . During World War II , Singapore was occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945 . After the war , Singapore reverted to British control , with increasing levels of self-government being granted , culminating in Singapore 's merger with the Federation of Malaya to form Malaysia in 1963 . Singapore became an independent republic on 9 August 1965 ." }, { "docid": "Fandi_Ahmad", "title": "", "text": "Fandi bin Ahmad , ( born 29 May 1962 ) is a retired Singaporean footballer who was the head coach of the former LionsXII in the Malaysian Super League . He mainly played as a striker , but could also play as a midfielder . He played for Malaysia Cup state sides Singapore FA , Kuala Lumpur FA and Pahang FA , and won titles with all three , including two Doubles in 1992 and 1994 , and the Golden Boot in 1988 . Fandi also played for Niac Mitra ( Indonesia ) , Groningen ( Netherlands ) , Geylang United ( Singapore ) and SAFFC ( Singapore ) . A club representing the Singapore Armed Forces . Formerly known as SAFFC , they were renamed to Warriors F.C. in 2013 . With the Singapore national football team , Fandi won 101 caps , scored 55 goals , won three Southeast Asian Games ( SEA Games ) silver medals and was captain from 1993 to 1997 . He managed SAFFC , Pelita Raya ( Indonesia ) and Johor Darul Takzim ( Malaysia ) , served as assistant national coach and runs the Fandi Ahmad Academy . As a 1994 winner of the Pingat Bakti Masyarakat ( state medal ) , the first Singaporean footballer to play in Europe , the first Singaporean millionaire sportsperson and first Singaporean sportsperson to have a published biography , Fandi has been called a national legend . He has five children with his wife , South African model Wendy Jacobs , and his father is Ahmad Wartam , a former national goalkeeper . Fandi was ranked sixth in a list of Singapore 's 50 Greatest Athletes of the Century by The Straits Times in 1999 ." }, { "docid": "Parakysis_longirostris", "title": "", "text": "Parakysis longirostris is a species of catfish of the family Akysidae . It goes under common names longnose little warty catfish and Singapore little warty catfish . It is found in the south end of the Malay Peninsula ( Malaysia , Singapore ) and Bintan Island , Indonesia . A detailed discussion of this species 's relationship with the other member of its genus can be found at Parakysis ." }, { "docid": "Asian_Idol", "title": "", "text": "Asian Idol is a reality singing competition , which featured winners of Idol competitions from six Southeast and South Asian countries consisting of India , Indonesia , Malaysia , Philippines , Singapore , and Vietnam . Part of the Idol franchise , it originated from the reality program Pop Idol created by British entertainment executive Simon Fuller , which was first aired in 2001 in the United Kingdom . The first season was won by Singapore Idol Hady Mirza , who was awarded an all-expense-paid trip around the world on business class , after almost two million votes were cast . The first season was held on 15 December and 16 , 2007 in Jakarta , Indonesia . RCTI ( which also broadcasts Indonesian Idol ) , was the main broadcaster , with the program shown live among participating countries ." } ]
49312	Jennifer Hudson was a finalist of American Idol.	[ { "docid": "Jennifer_Hudson", "title": "", "text": "Jennifer Kate Hudson ( born September 12 , 1981 ) is an American singer , actress and spokesperson . She rose to fame in 2004 as a finalist on the third season of American Idol , coming in seventh place . As an actress , she made her film debut portraying Effie White in Dreamgirls , for which she gained worldwide acclaim and won an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , a BAFTA Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress . She has also appeared in such films as Sex and the City , The Secret Life of Bees and Black Nativity . She has made numerous television appearances , including guest roles on Smash , Empire and Inside Amy Schumer . In 2015 she made her Broadway debut in the role of Shug Avery in the 2015 revival of The Color Purple . As a singer , Hudson has released three studio albums . Her debut album Jennifer Hudson , released in 2008 , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA , with sales exceeding a million copies worldwide . The record was nominated for four Grammy Awards , winning the 2009 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album . Her second album I Remember Me , released in 2011 , also debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA . Her third and most recent album JHUD peaked in the top ten and featured the Grammy-nominated track `` It 's Your World '' . She also became the principal singer of The Color Purple musical album , which earned her the 2017 Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album and a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Musical Performance in a Daytime Program ( shared with the cast of The Color Purple ) . In October 2008 , after Hudson 's mother , brother and nephew were killed in a shooting , Hudson stepped out of the public eye for three months . Hudson resumed her public appearances in 2009 , with high-profile performances at Super Bowl XLIII , the Grammy Awards , American Idol , and The Oprah Winfrey Show . Hudson has been described as a friend of former President Barack Obama , who invited her to appear with him at a fundraiser in Beverly Hills during his first term in May 2009 . She also performed at the White House at the `` Celebration of Music from the Civil Rights Movement '' event . In 2013 , she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2016 , Hudson was announced as a coach on the 2017 Series of The Voice UK . The following year , Hudson was announced as a coach on the thirteenth season of The Voice ." } ]	[ { "docid": "American_Idol_(season_3)", "title": "", "text": "The third season of American Idol premiered on Monday , January 19 , 2004 and continued until May 26 , 2004 . The third season was won by Fantasia Barrino , who defeated Diana DeGarmo by an approximate margin of 2 % ( 1.3 million votes ) ; the vote total ( 65 million votes ) was the highest recorded vote total in the show 's history until the May 23 , 2007 , finale of the sixth season . This season also featured Jennifer Hudson , who would subsequently win the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . Season 3 is the first season where both the winner and the runner-up had been in the bottom 2 or 3 prior to the finale , being followed by the eighth and twelfth seasons . It is the first season to have a finale with two female contestants , followed by the twelfth season ; while the second , seventh and eighth seasons had a finale with two male contestants . It is also the first season where a Wild Card contestant , Leah LaBelle , is eliminated in the first episode of the finals . It is the first season to have a gender imbalance among the finalists , followed by season 8 , each having eight finalists of the dominant gender . Season 3 has eight female finalists , whereas the eighth season had eight male finalists . Both Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo released a single after the finale . Fantasia 's first single , released in June 2004 on the RCA record label , entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number one , making Fantasia the first artist in the history of Billboard to debut at number one with their first single . In addition to Fantasia and DeGarmo , Jasmine Trias , LaToya London , George Huff , Jennifer Hudson , and Camile Velasco have all released albums since the season ended . Leah LaBelle was signed by Epic Records ." }, { "docid": "Jennifer_Hudson_discography", "title": "", "text": "American singer and actress Jennifer Hudson has released three studio albums , sixteen singles ( including two as a featured artist ) , five promotional singles and ten music videos . She has also made various contributions to other artist 's albums and has appeared on the soundtrack for the 2006 musical film , Dreamgirls . Hudson 's music incorporates a range of musical genres such as soul and R&B . Motown is often seen as an influence on Hudson 's music . Hudson rose to fame as a contestant on the third series of American Idol , however being eliminated at the `` Top 7 '' stage . Hudson went on to perform as `` Effie White '' in the 2006 film adaptation of the original production of Broadway musical , Dreamgirls . Hudson won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance , becoming one of the few people to win an award at the ceremony for a debut performance . The soundtrack of the film was again a huge success , reaching number one on the Billboard 200 . One of Hudson 's performances , `` Love You I Do '' , was nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Original Song , and won the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture , Television or Other Visual Media . Following Hudson 's success on Dreamgirls , her self-titled debut album , Jennifer Hudson was released in 2008 , to commercial success , debuting at number two on the Billboard 200 . Hudson 's first single from the album , `` Spotlight '' was a success around the world , reaching number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 , as well as 11 on its British counterpart . The song also reached number-one on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . Jennifer Hudson has since been certified Gold in the U.S. Hudson was nominated for three Grammy Awards for Jennifer Hudson , collecting the award for `` Best R&B Album '' at the 51st Awards Ceremony . Her second album , I Remember Me ( 2011 ) , also debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 selling 165,000 copies in its first week . The first single , `` Where You At '' , was a R&B hit , reaching the top ten at the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs ." }, { "docid": "Idols_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Idols ( also known as SuperStar in some countries ) is a reality television singing competition format created by British television producer Simon Fuller and developed by FremantleMedia . The format began in 2001 with the British television series Pop Idol ; its first adaptation was the Polish series Idol in 2002 . It has since become the world 's most widely watched television franchise , as well as one of the most successful entertainment formats , adapted in over 46 regions around the world , with its various versions broadcast to 150 countries . An estimated 6.5 billion viewers around the world have watched variants of the show . Each season , the series aims to find the most outstanding unsigned solo recording artist ( or `` idol '' ) in a region . Originally aimed for pop singers , the series have since evolved to accept singers from different genres of music , such as rock , R&B , and country . Through a series of mass auditions , a group of finalists are selected by a panel of judges ( which usually consists of artists and record producers ) who offer critiques on their performances . The finalists then advance to the weekly live shows . On each live show , the contestants all sing , the television audience votes ( by telephone or SMW ) , and then the contestant who receives the fewest amount of votes get eliminated . The final episode is the grand finale episode , when either two or three finalists are left , and contestant who gets the largest of votes is declared the winner . The winner ( and sometimes the runner ( s ) - up ) receives a recording contract , monetary prizes , and a title as their nation 's Idol , SuperStar or Star . The various series have launched the careers of a number of highly successful recording artists around the world , including Idols winners Will Young of the United Kingdom , Kelly Clarkson and Carrie Underwood of the United States , Kurt Nilsen of Norway , and Guy Sebastian of Australia . Contestants who did not win but have still gone on to prominence include Anthony Callea of Australia , Jacob Hoggard and Carly Rae Jepsen of Canada , and Chris Daughtry and Clay Aiken of the United States . Some Idols contestants have also achieved success in acting and musical theater , most notably Academy Award winner Jennifer Hudson ." }, { "docid": "If_This_Isn't_Love_(Jennifer_Hudson_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` If This Is n't Love '' is a song recorded by American recording artist Jennifer Hudson . It was written and composed by Planet VI , brothers Theron and Timothy Thomas , along with Brian Kennedy for her eponymous debut album , released in 2008 . Production on the song was handled by the latter and Harvey Mason , Jr. . Musically , it is a midtempo contemporary R&B ballad with pop elements , built along on a piano and electric guitar sounds . The song was released as the second single from the album following `` Spotlight '' in 2009 . Upon release , `` If This Is n't Love '' was met with generally positive reviews from contemporary critics who praised the song 's structure and its modern interpretation for an adult audience . On the charts , the track failed to make much impact , though it reached number five of the US Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and the top forty of the UK Singles Chart . Hudson promoted the song on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on March 26 , 2009 and on American Idol on Wednesday 's results show on April 15 , 2009 ." }, { "docid": "American_Idol_(season_12)", "title": "", "text": "The twelfth season of American Idol premiered on January 16 , 2013 , as part of the mid-season of the 2012 -- 13 network television season . Ryan Seacrest returned to host . Randy Jackson returned for his twelfth season as judge and was joined by new judges Mariah Carey , Nicki Minaj and Keith Urban , who replaced Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler . The season was the third to have four judges , after the eighth and ninth seasons . It was also the first season in the show 's history where all the finalists of one gender ( male ) were eliminated before any finalists of the opposite gender , thus making it the first to not only have an all-female top 5 , but also the first season since the sixth to produce a female winner , as well as the first season since the third to have a finale consisting of two women . It was also the first season where the judges did not use the `` Judges ' Save '' since its introduction in the eighth season . This was the third season where both finalists were in the bottom three or two at some point in the competition , following the third and eighth seasons . On May 16 , 2013 , Candice Glover was announced the winner of the twelfth season of American Idol , making Kree Harrison the runner-up . Glover also became the third African-American female behind Fantasia Barrino and Jordin Sparks to win the show . Glover was also the last female contestant to win the competition . In a series first , Glover 's debut album , Music Speaks , was available for pre-order immediately following the finale broadcast . So far , two finalists , Candice Glover and Angie Miller , are signed to record deals . This was the only season to feature Carey and Minaj as judges , who both decided to leave the show in May 2013 to focus on their music careers ." }, { "docid": "American_Idol", "title": "", "text": "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller , produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment , and distributed by FremantleMedia North America . It began airing on Fox on June 11 , 2002 , and ended its first-run on April 7 , 2016 . In 2018 , the show will make its debut on ABC . It started off as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol , and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television . The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents , with the winner determined by the viewers in America through telephones , Internet , and SMS text voting . Winners chosen by viewers in its fifteen seasons were Kelly Clarkson , Ruben Studdard , Fantasia , Carrie Underwood , Taylor Hicks , Jordin Sparks , David Cook , Kris Allen , Lee DeWyze , Scotty McCreery , Phillip Phillips , Candice Glover , Caleb Johnson , Nick Fradiani , and Trent Harmon.American Idol employed a panel of judges who critiqued the contestants ' performances . The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson , pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell . The judging panel for the final seasons consisted of country singer Keith Urban , singer and actress Jennifer Lopez , and jazz singer Harry Connick , Jr. . The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman , with Seacrest as the sole master of ceremonies for the rest of the series . The success of American Idol has been described as `` unparalleled in broadcasting history '' . The series was also said by a rival TV executive to be `` the most impactful show in the history of television '' . It became a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars . According to Billboard magazine , in its first ten years , `` Idol has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers and a platoon of pop idols , including Kelly Clarkson , Carrie Underwood , Katharine McPhee , Chris Daughtry , Fantasia , Ruben Studdard , Jennifer Hudson , Clay Aiken , Adam Lambert and Jordin Sparks while remaining a TV ratings juggernaut . '' For an unprecedented eight consecutive years , from the 2003 -- 04 television season through the 2010 -- 11 season , either its performance or result show had been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings . The series concluded its original run on Fox after 15 seasons . American Idol will return for a sixteenth season -- its first on ABC -- in 2018 . The announcement was made official on Good Morning America '' on May 9 , 2017 ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Canadian_Idol_finalists", "title": "", "text": "Canadian Idol was a Canadian interactive reality game show series . The series premiered their first season in 2003 on CTV and was on air for six seasons . Based on the American version of the show , American Idol , it is part of the Idol series . Canadian Idol was the most-watched Canadian English-language television series of 2008 . The show began with a tour across Canada , in which singers audition in front of four judges : Jake Gold , Sass Jordan , Zack Werner , and Farley Flex . The show was cancelled due to the slowing economy . The show 's age requirements allowed people to enter only if they were between 16 and 28 years of age . During every season , the final round of competition featured ten singers , except for season one when it had eleven finalists . 61 contestants have reached the finals of their respective Canadian Idol season . Out of the contestants listed , 26 of them were under the age of 20 , including three winners and four runners-up . Seventeen finalists came from the province of Ontario , while British Columbia and Alberta each had nine . Alberta had the most Canadian Idol winners with three -- Kalan Porter , Melissa O'Neil , and Theo Tams ; Newfoundland and Labrador had the most runners-up with two -- Rex Goudie and Craig Sharpe . Prince Edward Island was the only province to never have had a finalist . There has never been a Canadian Idol finalist from a Canadian territory . Toronto , Ontario was the hometown for the most Canadian Idol finalists with five , followed by Abbotsford , British Columbia with four . Rob James , Dwight d'Eon , and Drew Wright were 28 at the time their season 's final round began , making them the oldest finalists to have performed ; Emily Vinette , Daryl Brunt , Craig Sharpe , and Martha Joy were 16 at the time their season 's final round began , making them the youngest finalists to have been in the finals . __ TOC __" }, { "docid": "Urban_Punk", "title": "", "text": "Urban Punk was formed October , 2010 , in San Francisco , California , and is composed of hip-hop veteran , H2O ( Harrell Harris ) , and 3rd Season American Idol finalist La Toya London . They fuse their musical influences , combining Europop melodies with edgy Hip-Hop rhythms and R & B hooks . H2O has worked with everyone from Mix Master Mike , Bruno Mars to Fergie . H began his career as a solo artist but soon joined forces with DJ Q Bert , MixMaster Mike , DJ Apollo and FMD to form FM20 , a super group that blended alternative rock with hip hop . He then released two solo albums , `` Temporary Insanity '' ( 2007 ) and `` Therapy '' in 2008 . In 2007 H recorded a track featuring Fergie of Black Eyed Peas , entitled `` Just Leave '' . In 2009 , H20 formed the group Prototype , produced by Keith Harris , producer and drummer for the Black Eye Peas . Prototype went on tour with the Black Eyed Peas . In 2010 , after the Black Eyed Peas tour , H20 completed one of many successful tours with Sergio Mendes . In 2010 , H20 collaborated with Bruno Mars on a track entitled `` Turn Me On In 2004 , La Toya London was a finalist in the 3rd Season of American Idol , and was named one of the `` Three Divas '' along with Fantasia Barrino and Jennifer Hudson . On May 12 , 2004 , in a result that came as a surprise to many , including the judges , London became the ninth of the 12 finalists to be eliminated , finishing in fourth place , with Barrino also landing in the bottom two . Paula Abdul was in tears when LaToya sang her farewell song , `` Do n't Rain on My Parade '' and the other two judges gave her a standing ovation . In the summer of 2004 , London performed with the other top 10 finalists in American Idol Season three international tour , which crossed the United States and also visited China and Singapore . London has also performed the national anthem for numerous National Football League games , including the 2005 Super Bowl NFL Commissioner pre-game party . She has shared the stage with such icons and superstars as Elton John , Whoopi Goldberg , Barry Manilow , Gladys Knight , Nancy Wilson , Chaka Khan , Rachelle Ferrell , and Burt Bacharach . In November 2004 , it was announced that London had been signed to jazz recording label Peak Records , an imprint of Concord Records , the final label of jazz legend Ray Charles before his death . Her first single , `` Appreciate , '' which featured a guest rap from Black Thought of the Hip-Hop group The Roots , hit the airwaves in July , and a music video of that song followed . The CD single , `` Appreciate/Every Part of Me/All By Myself '' reached # 8 on the Billboard Singles Sales Chart . Urban Punk was founded at an exciting point in the performers ' lives . While H was re-forming his group , London was in development of a new vocal style and second album that would push her soulful sound beyond the boundaries of genre . Having known and worked with each other for years , H suggested London join forces . H2O named the fusion `` Urban Punk . '' He challenges the group to push the envelope beyond the style and genre of modern music . Their witty and unpredictable lyrics , textured vocal melodies , and infectious beats and rhythms , make Urban Punk a group that is simultaneously hard to classify and uniquely addictive ." }, { "docid": "American_Idol_Season_11_Duets_and_Trios_Highlights", "title": "", "text": "American Idol Season 11 Duets and Trios Highlights is a compilation album by Top 6 finalists of American Idol . The album was released exclusively through Walmart and consists of a few studio recordings made by the finalists during season 11 of American Idol . It includes four studio recordings of duets and one studio recording of trios . As of July 2012 , it has sold 3,000 copies ." }, { "docid": "Jennifer_Hudson_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Jennifer Hudson is the debut studio album by American actress and recording artist Jennifer Hudson . It was first released in Australia , and it physically released in North America on September 27 , 2008 , by Arista Records and J Records . Jennifer Hudson has worked with a variety range of several producers and songwriters on the album ; including Rock City , Missy Elliott , Brian Kennedy , Ne-Yo , Salaam Remi , T-Pain , Tank , Timbaland and The Underdogs , among others . Three singles were released ; the `` Spotlight reached number one on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and in the top 20 on the UK Singles Chart . Jennifer Hudson debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 and Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , with first week sales of 217,000 copies . and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in the United States . Hudson promoted the album in a numerous live appearances ; including co-heading a North American concert tour , with Robin Thicke , from March to May 2009 . Hudson won three NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding New Artist , Outstanding Album and Outstanding Duo or Group for the album , and was nominated for four Grammy Awards , winning the Best R&B Album . A deluxe edition was released to iTunes on February 24 , 2009 ." }, { "docid": "Jack_Vitek", "title": "", "text": "Jack Vitek is the Journalism professor in the English department at Edgewood College . Vitek has worked at the Wall Street Journal , The Washington Daily News , Newsday , the Palm Beach Post and Outdoor Life magazine . He is the advisor for Edgewood College 's student newspaper , On the Edge , which recently had finalist reporters in two categories in the AP Collegiate Story of the Year contest . He co-authored ( with Jerry Oppenheimer ) the 1986 biography Idol Rock Hudson : The True Story of an American Film Hero . The biography by Vitek and Oppenheimer generated controversy because it reported that Hudson continued to have unprotected sex with other men after he had been diagnosed with AIDS . Their version of his life story was supported by a lawsuit won by one of Hudson 's lovers who was exposed to AIDS . His latest work is The Godfather of Tabloid : Generoso Pope Jr. and the National Enquirer , published August 1 , 2008 by University Press of Kentucky ." }, { "docid": "American_Idols_LIVE!_Tour_2014", "title": "", "text": "The American Idols LIVE ! Tour 2014 was a summer concert tour in the United States and Canada that featured the Top 10 finalists of the thirteenth season of American Idol . The tour started on June 24 , 2014 , in Binghamton , New York and ended on August 23 , 2014 , in Redmond , Washington . The size of the venues for this American Idol tour was smaller compared to previous years . The show scheduled for Albany , New York was cancelled and the show in Syracuse was moved to a smaller venue . Unlike previous years , there was no live band , and the finalists performed to a backing track . Dexter Roberts left the tour after appearing in only a few shows due to illness ." }, { "docid": "American_Idol:_Greatest_Moments", "title": "", "text": "American Idol : Greatest Moments is the first American Idol soundtrack , with music from the first season of American Idol . It contains two cover songs from both Kelly Clarkson and Justin Guarini , the winner and runner-up of the original season , one song from the remaining eight finalists , one song by all the finalists , and Clarkson 's two songs from her debut single as bonus tracks . It is the only American Idol album that endorses the winner 's single . The album was released on October 1 , 2002 . The album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 album chart for the week ending October 6 , 2002 and sold 146,000 copies that first week . It was certified gold on November 26 , 2002 , and had sold a total of 643,000 units by May 31 , 2006 ." }, { "docid": "Remember_Me_(Jennifer_Hudson_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Remember Me '' is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Hudson taken from her upcoming fourth studio album ( 2017 ) . The song was released on March 3 , 2017 , by Epic Records . The song was written by Hudson and Jamie Hartman ." }, { "docid": "EJay_Day", "title": "", "text": "Earl `` EJay '' Day Jr. ( born September 13 , 1981 ) is an American singer and songwriter , who placed tenth during the first season of American Idol . Originally not chosen to advance into the voting rounds , Day was brought back to replace another contestant who had lied about his age . After being voted through the semi-finals into the top ten , Day became the first finalist in American Idol history to be eliminated from the competition . Prior to appearing on the Fox reality series , Day helped write the song `` Pure Love '' for Raven-Symoné 's album Undeniable and placed in the top 20 on Popstars : USA . Day went on to participate in the 2002 American Idols LIVE ! tour and throughout the following year made several appearances at charity events . He toured again in 2003 , as part of a promotional campaign called Coca-Cola 's Behind the Scenes With American Idol -- a tour in which various American Idol finalists performed in select shopping malls throughout the country . A recording of Day singing Edwin McCain 's `` I 'll Be '' is included on American Idol : Greatest Moments . This compilation album of all the season one finalists was released in 2002 and reached # 4 on the Billboard 200 chart . Although Day has never released a full album , he collaborated with his fellow American Idol season one finalist A.J. Gil on a single in 2003 . The song , `` Calling All Angels '' , was written for and released through the charity organization Give Kids the World . Day and Gil first performed this song in Pasadena , California 's New Year 's Day Rose Parade . Later that year , Day released his own single , `` Come Into My World '' , which attained limited airplay in Atlanta , Georgia . A full album by the same title was set to be released around 2006 , but has never been made available . Leading up to and then following his run on American Idol , Day has had a career performing on cruise ships -- most notably ones operated by Royal Caribbean and Holland America . Day has also been cast in several stage productions over the years . His social media accounts contain several original songs that have never been commercially released ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Jennifer_Hudson", "title": "", "text": "Jennifer Hudson is an American actress and singer who has received various awards and nominations , including an Academy Award and two Grammy Awards ." }, { "docid": "American_Idol_Season_5:_Encores", "title": "", "text": "American Idol Season 5 : Encores is compilation album released on May 23 , 2006 and contains one cover song from each of the top 12 finalists during season 5 of the television show American Idol . It is the only American Idol album that does not feature an ensemble track by all the contestants , and is the first year in which several individual finalists made the popular music charts . The album sold over 154,000 units in its first week , according to Nielsen SoundScan . It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 , behind the Disney Channel Original Movie 's High School Musical Soundtrack and the Dixie Chicks ' Taking the Long Way , thus becoming the best-selling debut any American Idol compilation disk . It was also number two on Top Soundtracks , number four on Top Digital Albums and number six on Top Internet . With five albums in the Top 10 , American Idol became the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program , beating out Star Wars . This Season 5 album sold 381,075 copies by September 2 , 2006 ." }, { "docid": "Chris_Walden", "title": "", "text": "Chris Walden ( born October 10 , 1966 in Hamburg , Germany ) is a German composer , arranger , and conductor living in the U.S. . He leads the Chris Walden Big Band , and was nominated six times for a Grammy Award . He has written big band and orchestral arrangements for Michael Bublé , Diana Krall , Jennifer Hudson , Paul Anka , and Christopher Cross . He has been an arranger for the TV series American Idol since 2007 and has worked for record producers David Foster , Phil Ramone , and Tommy LiPuma . Walden has composed for films and TV in Germany , including the long-running TV-series Dr. Stefan Frank ." }, { "docid": "American_Idols_LIVE!_Tour_2013", "title": "", "text": "The American Idols LIVE ! Tour 2013 is a summer concert tour in the United States and Canada that features the Top 10 finalists of the twelfth season of American Idol , as well as semi-finalist Aubrey Cleland , the winner of the season 's sing-off . This was the second time after 2011 tour to have 11 performers . The tour was scheduled to begin on June 29 , 2013 in St. Louis , Missouri and ended on August 31 , 2013 in Nashville , Tennessee . However , 10 shows were cancelled and were cut to 30 shows , the tour started on July 19 , 2013 in Kent , Washington ." }, { "docid": "Walk_It_Out_(Jennifer_Hudson_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Walk It Out '' is a song by American singer Jennifer Hudson . It was written by Lyrica Anderson , Jacob Luttrell , Chris Godbey , Mike Tompkins , Jim Beanz , J-Roc , Hudson and Timbaland for her third studio album JHUD ( 2014 ) , while production was handled by the latter . The mid-tempo track was released worldwide on April 29 , 2014 as the second single from the album ." }, { "docid": "Anoop_Desai", "title": "", "text": "Anoop Manoj Desai ( born December 20 , 1986 ) is an American singer-songwriter best known for his time as a contestant on the eighth season of American Idol . Motivated by the death of his friend Eve Carson , Desai auditioned for American Idol . Desai made American Idol history by being the first ever 13th finalist on American Idol . Favored to win by celebrities including Ellen DeGeneres and Keith Urban , Desai achieved a sixth-place finish , becoming the second Indian American to advance to the final stages of American Idol ." }, { "docid": "8th_World_Wonder", "title": "", "text": "`` 8th World Wonder '' is the 2004 debut single from American Idol finalist Kimberley Locke , from her One Love album . The single ( written by Canadian songwriter/performer Joel Parkes , Shaun Shankel & Kyle Jacobs ) debuted on the Billboard Singles Sales Chart at number one , making it the first non-Idol single to top the chart from any Idol finalist . The single was later nominated in the category for `` Best Love Song '' at the 2004 Teen Choice Awards . The release also features a brand new modern arrangement of Kimberley 's signature song from the show , `` Somewhere Over The Rainbow '' . In a recent Entertainment Weekly magazine , `` 8th World Wonder '' was listed as one of the top 5 songs to come out of American Idol . It is one of the longest-running `` Idol '' singles to date , spending 20 weeks in the Billboard Hot 100 ." }, { "docid": "I_Still_Love_You_(Jennifer_Hudson_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` I Still Love You '' is a song by American singer Jennifer Hudson . It was written by Andrea Martin and DJ Switch and produced by English garage duo Gorgon City for Hudson 's third studio album JHUD ( 2014 ) . Musically , it is an uptempo 1970s and 1980s-inspired rollicking dance anthem . Lyrically , the track finds the female protagonist thinking deeply over her relationship with her love interest from whom she parted ." }, { "docid": "American_Idol_Season_10_Highlights:_Haley_Reinhart", "title": "", "text": "American Idol Season 10 Highlights : Haley Reinhart is an EP by Haley Reinhart , an American Idol tenth season finalist , composed of her most successful iTunes songs from her time on American Idol plus an additional recording of You Oughta Know . It was released on June 28 , 2011 , through 19 Entertainment and Interscope Records exclusively for Walmart ." }, { "docid": "American_Idol_Season_9", "title": "", "text": "American Idol Season 9 is a compilation album and contains one cover song from each of the top ten finalists during the ninth season of the television show American Idol and was released on May 11 , 2010 . It debuted at number 77 on the Billboard 200 ." }, { "docid": "It's_Your_World_(Jennifer_Hudson_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` It 's Your World '' is a song by American recording artist Jennifer Hudson featuring fellow singer R. Kelly , recorded for her third studio album JHUD ( 2014 ) . It was written by R. Kelly and produced by DJ Terry Hunter . Released worldwide on July 8 , 2014 as the album 's third single , Hudson sang it for the first time at BET Awards 2014 on June 29 , 2014 . No music video was made for the single . The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance ." }, { "docid": "An_American_Idol_Christmas", "title": "", "text": "An American Idol Christmas ( also titled A Very Idol Christmas in Canada ) is a Christmas television special for the television shows American Idol , American Juniors and Canadian Idol , but focused mostly on American Idol -- the Canadian winner Ryan Malcolm was edited out in the American release , due to legal reasons . The special was broadcast on the Fox television network in the United States and CTV in Canada . It was first broadcast on November 25 , 2003 in the United States . It featured some of the top finalists of American Idol 's first season ( Kelly Clarkson , Tamyra Gray , Christina Christian ) and second season ( Ruben Studdard , Clay Aiken , Kimberley Locke ) ; Canadian Idol winner Ryan Malcolm ( not shown in American version due to the upcoming World Idol ) ; and the American Juniors . Since the episode was not a competition , none of the judges appeared because they were working on the next season 's contestants . It was directed by Bruce Gowers , produced by 19 Entertainment , Fremantle Media North America , Cécile Frot-Coutaz , Simon Fuller , David Goffin , Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick ." }, { "docid": "Kakaibang_Idol", "title": "", "text": "Kakaibang Idol was a special episode of Philippine Idol held on September 23 , 2006 , a week after the Top 12 Finalists have been named . It was an interactive reality singing competition consisting of notable auditionees who either did not pass or failed to make it through the Top 24 Semifinalists . The program was named Kakaibang Idol ( A Different Kind of Idol ) because the seven contestants takes made an impact among viewers of the show . The songs that they each used during the auditions were the same ones which they performed that night except for Perey who performed Lara Fabian 's version of `` Broken Vow '' ( he used the `` his name '' lyric rather than the `` her name '' lyric in Groban 's version ) . Also , most of the performances were accompanied by back-up dancers , something the semi-finalists ' performances never had . The twelve finalists were present that night , but they only performed at the beginning and end of the show . Likewise , Philippine Idol judges Francis Magalona , Pilita Corrales , and Ryan Cayabyab took a back seat , appearing in clips taking their `` time off '' at the start of the show . Taking over jury duties that night were comedic performers Ethel Booba , Arnell Ignacio , and Tuesday Vargas . Although that night was a breather night for the finalists , voting was still active , involving viewers to pick the performer who should be proclaimed `` Kakaibang Idol . '' The next night , with the presence of the finalists , Magalona , Corrales , and Cayabyab , Yova Alonzo was chosen by the viewers as `` Kakaibang Idol . ''" }, { "docid": "American_Idol_Season_11_Top_10_Highlights", "title": "", "text": "American Idol Season 11 Top 10 Highlights is a compilation album released on July 7 , 2012 . The album was released exclusively through Walmart and contains one cover song from each of the top 10 finalists during season 11 of the television show American Idol . As of July 2012 , it has sold 4,000 copies ." }, { "docid": "Follow_the_Leader_(Wisin_&_Yandel_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Follow the Leader '' is a song by Puerto Rican duo Wisin & Yandel featuring American entertainer Jennifer Lopez . Wisin & Yandel and Jennifer Lopez performed the song during the American Idol season eleven finale ." } ]
93954	Hong Kong is incapable of being consistently ranked as the world's most freest economic entity.	[ { "docid": "Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China , is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of China . Macau lies across the delta to the west , and the province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north . With a total land area of 1,106 km2 and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities , it ranks as the world 's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory . After the First Opium War ( 1839 -- 42 ) , Hong Kong became a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island , followed by the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and a 99-year lease of the New Territories from 1898 . Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in 1945 . In the early 1980s , negotiations between the United Kingdom and China resulted in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration , which paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997 , when it became a special administrative region ( SAR ) of the Peoples Republic of China with a high degree of autonomy . Under the principle of `` one country , two systems '' , Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China . Except in military defence and foreign affairs , Hong Kong maintains its independent executive , legislative and judiciary powers . In addition , Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of `` appropriate fields '' . Hong Kong is one of the world 's most significant financial centres , with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world 's most competitive and freest economic entity . As the world 's 8th largest trading entity , its legal tender , the Hong Kong dollar , is the world 's 13th most traded currency . It 's also a member of the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) . Hong Kong 's tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by simple taxation with a competitive level of corporate tax and supported by its independent judiciary system . However , while Hong Kong has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , it suffers from severe income inequality . Hong Kong is renowned for its deep natural harbour , which enables ready access by international cargo ships , and its impressive skyline , with a very high density of skyscrapers ; the territory boasts the second largest number of high rises of any city in the world . It has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the world 's longest life expectancy . Over 90 % of the population makes use of well-developed public transportation . Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring industrial areas of Mainland China , which adopts loose emissions standards , has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates ." } ]	[ { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "Hong Kong is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia . Macau lies across the delta to the west , and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north . With a total land area of 1,106 km2 and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities , it ranks as the world 's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory . Hong Kong is one of the world 's most significant financial centres , with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world 's most competitive and freest economic entity . As world 's 8th largest trading entity , its legal tender , the Hong Kong dollar , is the world 's 13th most traded currency . Hong Kong 's tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by simple taxation with a competitive level of corporate tax and supported by its independent judiciary system . However , while Hong Kong has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , it suffers from severe income inequality . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Hong Kong '' ." }, { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_Singapore", "title": "", "text": "Singapore is a global city and sovereign state in Southeast Asia and the world 's only island city-state . It lies one degree ( 137 km ) north of the equator , south of the southernmost tip of continental Asia and peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia 's Riau Islands to the south . Singapore 's territory consists of a diamond-shaped main island along with 62 other islets . Singapore has a highly developed market economy , based historically on extended entrepôt trade . Along with Hong Kong , South Korea , and Taiwan , Singapore is one of the original Four Asian Tigers , but has surpassed its peers in terms of GDP per capita . Between 1965 and 1995 , growth rates averaged around 6 per cent per annum , transforming the living standards of the population . The Singaporean economy is known as one of the freest , most innovative , most competitive , most dynamic and most business-friendly . The 2015 Index of Economic Freedom ranks Singapore as the second freest economy in the world and the Ease of Doing Business Index has also ranked Singapore as the easiest place to do business for the past decade . According to the Corruption Perceptions Index , Singapore is consistently ranked as one of the least corrupt countries in the world , along with New Zealand and the Scandinavian countries . To start a business in Singapore , business owners have to register the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority ( ACRA ) . ACRA is the national regulator and company registrar of business entities , accountants and service providers in Singapore ." }, { "docid": "Economy_of_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "As one of the world 's leading international financial centres , Hong Kong 's service-oriented economy is characterized by its low taxation , almost free port trade and well established international financial market . Its currency , called the Hong Kong dollar , is legally issued by three major international commercial banks , and pegged to the US dollar . Interest rates are determined by the individual banks in Hong Kong to ensure it is fully market-driven . There is no officially recognised central banking system , although Hong Kong Monetary Authority functions as a financial regulatory authority . When destabilising factors are hitting the financial market of Hong Kong , they will be monitored and inspected by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority , the financial regulatory agency in Hong Kong . Electronic finance trading is evolutionarily impacting the financial market of Hong Kong . According to Index of Economic Freedom , Hong Kong has had the highest degree of economic freedom in the world since the inception of the Index in 1995 . Its economy is governed under positive non-interventionism , and is highly dependent on international trade and finance . In 2009 , Hong Kong 's real economic growth fell by 2.8 % as a result of the global financial turmoil . Hong Kong 's economic strengths include a sound banking system , virtually no public debt , a strong legal system , ample foreign exchange reserves , rigorous anti-corruption measures and close ties with the mainland China . Despite the downturn , these strengths enable it to quickly respond to changing circumstances . It has the most efficient and a corruption-free application procedure , the lowest income tax , the lowest corporate tax as well as an abundant and sustainable government finance . The government of Hong Kong consistently upheld the policy of encouraging and supporting activities of private businesses . Examples include the Cyberport and the Hong Kong Disneyland . This has a positive impact on the overall economic performance by removing unnecessary barriers for the private enterprises in the Special Administrative Region . The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is a favourable destination for international firms and firms from the mainland China to be listed due to Hong Kong 's highly internationalised and modernised financial industry along with its capital market in Asia , its size , regulations and available financial tools , which are comparable to London and New York . Hong Kong 's gross domestic product has grown 180 times between 1961 and 1997 . Also , the GDP per capita rose by 87 times within the same time frame . Its economy size is slightly bigger than Israel and Ireland and its GDP per capita at purchasing power parity is the sixth highest globally in 2011 , higher than the United States and the Netherlands and slightly lower than the Brunei . By the late 20th century , Hong Kong was the seventh largest port in the world and second only to New York and Rotterdam in terms of container throughput . Hong Kong is a full Member of World Trade Organization . The Kwai Chung container complex was the largest in Asia ; while Hong Kong shipping owners were second only to those of Greece in terms of total tonnage holdings in the world . The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is the sixth largest in the world , with a market capitalisation of about US$ 3.32 trillion . Hong Kong has also had an abundant supply of labour from the regions nearby . A skilled labour force coupled with the adoption of modern British/Western business methods and technology ensured that opportunities for external trade , investment , and recruitment were maximised . Prices and wages in Hong Kong are relatively flexible , depending on the performance and stability of the economy of Hong Kong . Hong Kong raises revenues from the sale and taxation of land and through attracting international businesses to provide capital for its public finance , due to its low tax policy . According to Healy Consultants , Hong Kong has most attractive business environment within East Asia , in terms of attracting foreign direct investment ( FDI ) . This has led to Hong Kong being the third largest recipient of FDI in the world . From its revenues , the government has built roads , schools , hospitals , and other public infrastructure facilities and services . Low levels of spending relative to GDP by having no spending on armed forces , minimal outlays for foreign affairs and modest recurrent social welfare spending have allowed the accumulation of very large fiscal reserves with minimal foreign debt . Though not conventionally regarded as a tax haven , Hong Kong ranked fourth on the Tax Justice Network 's 2011 Financial Secrecy Index . Acting as a government of the Special Administrative Region , Hong Kong is the second highest ranked Asian government in the World Economic Forum 's Network Readiness Index ( NRI ) -- an indicator for determining the development level of a government 's information and communication technologies . Hong Kong ranked eighth overall in the 2014 NRI ranking , up from 14 in 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Taiwan–Hong_Kong_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_Council", "title": "", "text": "The Taiwan -- Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council ( THEC ; ) represents the Government of Taiwan in talks with Hong Kong , through its counterpart the Hong Kong -- Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council ( ECCPC ) . The THEC was set up in May 2010 in a symbiotic relationship with the Hong Kong ECCPC , similar to that between bodies representing Taiwan and mainland China in cross-strait talks , under a slightly hands-off approach that is often known as the `` white glove '' policy . The two councils , both with participation by high-ranking ministers , are incorporated as legal entities but will be authorised by the two governments to sign pacts . The two bodies were established against a background of strengthened Hong Kong-Taiwan links and trade , which match improved China-Taiwan relations . The THEC has two major committees , one on cultural and one on economic co-operation . This reflects Taiwan 's broadbrush approach to its relationship with Hong Kong , and contrasts with the narrower business focus of the Hong Kong side ." }, { "docid": "Hong_Kong–Taiwan_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_and_Promotion_Council", "title": "", "text": "The Hong Kong -- Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council ( ECCPC ; ) represents the Government of Hong Kong in talks with Taiwan , through its counterpart , the Taiwan -- Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council ( ECCC ) . The ECCPC was set up in April 2010 in a symbiotic relationship with the Taiwanese ECCC , similar to that between bodies representing Taiwan and mainland China in cross-strait talks , under a slightly hands-off approach that is often known as the `` white glove '' policy . The two councils , both with participation by high-ranking ministers , are incorporated as legal entities but will be authorised by the two governments to sign pacts . The two bodies were established against a background of strengthened Hong Kong-Taiwan links and trade , which match improved China-Taiwan relations . With the establishment in 2009 of direct flights between Taiwan and the mainland , Hong Kong 's role as a transit point was eliminated . The ECCPC has only one major committee , the Business Co-operation Committee , reflecting the Hong Kong government 's focus on business and economic aspects of the relationship , such as seeking mutual avoidance of double taxation and collaboration between the two financial markets . This contrasts with the broader agenda of the Taiwanese side , which is looking for progress on matters such as infectious disease control , relaxation of visa requirements for travellers and cultural exchanges . The committee chair , for a term of two years , is David Lie Tai-chong , also a vice-chairman of the ECCPC itself and a Hong Kong delegate to the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference . ECCPC is located at the Central Government Offices in Admiralty ." }, { "docid": "List_of_islands_and_peninsulas_of_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "Hong Kong comprises the Kowloon peninsula and 261 islands over 500 m2 , the largest being Lantau Island and the second largest being Hong Kong Island . Ap Lei Chau is one of the most densely populated islands in the world . Hong Kong Island is historically the political and commercial centre of Hong Kong . It was the site of the initial settlement of Victoria City , where the financial district of Central is now located . Most of the other islands are commonly referred to as the Outlying Islands . Kowloon Peninsula , across Victoria Harbour from Hong Kong Island is another notable commercial centre in Hong Kong . In terms of the districts of Hong Kong , while one of the 18 districts is called the Islands District , many islands of Hong Kong are actually not part of that district , which only consists of some twenty large and small islands in the southern and the south-western waters of Hong Kong . These islands belong to respective districts depending on their locations ." }, { "docid": "Youth_in_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "Youth in Hong Kong , according to the University of Hong Kong Statistical Profile , includes citizens of the Chinese territory of Hong Kong aged 15 -- 24 years . As of 2011 , youth in Hong Kong ages 15 -- 24 made up 12.4 % of Hong Kong 's overall population at 875,200 people . Hong Kong is a hybrid culture , influenced by China and Britain , but overall by its international economic ties , which plays a role in shaping the lives of the youth in Hong Kong . The youth in Hong Kong are unique in the fact that many are living Transnationalist identities . The demographics are not just ethnically Chinese youth in Hong Kong , but also youth that are ethnically White , Indonesian , Filipino , which can be seen in Demographics of Hong Kong , and that creates a unique society . `` Although with a dominant Chinese population , Hong Kong is an international city and is a mix of East and West rich in cultures , history , and religions . '' The disparity between the rich and poor within Hong Kong has been growing wider . The population consists of slightly more female youth than there are males , with the ratio being 858 males per every 1,000 females in 2014 . The population of youth in Hong Kong is expected to decrease by 8 % in the next couple years . Hong Kong consists of 18 districts , and the youth are not evenly spread throughout these districts . Roughly 56.3 % of Hong Kong youth live in the new territories . The most common cause of death for Hong Kong youth aged 15 -- 24 is `` external causes of morbidity and morality , '' and within this category the highest percentage died under the cause of `` intentional self harm . '' Hong Kong youths ' social world is greatly influenced by family and peer relationships which shape functioning , support , social self-concept , and social isolation . The youth scene in Hong Kong includes risk-taking behaviour such as party going , sex , drug abuse , fighting , and high-speed driving . An important aspect of Hong Kong is its transnational education . Having paid work and a stable job allows young people to become independent from their parents , participate in adult forms of leisure , and gives them adult status in society . Political protests led by Hong Kong youth have become more prevalent in recent years , where these young activists have expressed concern for public and developmental affairs in Hong Kong . The most common reasons to why Hong Kong youth go on the internet and engage in mass media were for entertainment , searching for information , and connecting with friends ." }, { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_Denmark", "title": "", "text": "Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe . The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries , it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway . The island of Bornholm is offset to the east of the rest of the country , in the Baltic Sea . and bordered to the south by Germany . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 , and a population of 5.7 million . The country consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , with the largest being Zealand and Funen . Denmark has a developed mixed economy that is classed as a high-income economy by the World Bank . It ranks 18th in the world in terms of GDP ( PPP ) per capita and 6th in nominal GDP per capita . Denmark 's economy stands out as one of the most free in the Index of Economic Freedom and the Economic Freedom of the World . It is the 13th most competitive economy in the world , and 8th in Europe , according to the World Economic Forum in its Global Competitiveness Report 2014 -- 2015 . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Denmark '' ." }, { "docid": "Sport_in_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "Sports in Hong Kong are a significant part of its culture . Due to British influence going as far back as the late 19th century , Hong Kong had an earlier introduction to Western athletics compared to other Asia regions . Horse racing has most spectators , while football , basketball , swimming , badminton , table tennis , cycling and running have the most participants . In 2009 , Hong Kong successfully organised the V East Asian Games and it was the biggest sporting event ever held in the territory . Other major international sporting events including the Equestrian at the 2008 Summer Olympics , Hong Kong Sevens , Hong Kong Marathon , AFC Asian Cup , EAFF East Asian Cup , Hong Kong Badminton Open , Hong Kong Tennis Classic , Premier League Asia Trophy , and Lunar New Year Cup . Hong Kong athletes have improved in worldwide rankings . As of 2010 , there are 32 Hong Kong athletes from seven sports ranking in world 's Top 20 , 29 athletes in six sports in Asia top 10 ranking . Moreover , Hong Kong is equally impressive performance of athletes with disabilities in 2009 , having won four world championships and two Asian Champions ." }, { "docid": "Socialist_Action_(Hong_Kong)", "title": "", "text": "Socialist Action is a Trotskyist political organisation in Hong Kong . It is affiliated to the Committee for a Workers ' International . It works closely with the Committee for a Workers ' International ( CWI ) sections in China and Taiwan . It describes itself as being based on the method and analysis of Marxism , to politically re-arm and organise the working class in the fight for a socialist world . They oppose the billionaire-dominated Chinese Communist Party ( CCP ) dictatorship , which they claim has made China the ` Sweatshop of the World ' with one of the most extreme wealth gaps on the planet . They stand for the creation of fighting independent trade unions by Chinese workers to fight against capitalist exploitation and authoritarian rule . Socialist Action calls for Hong Kong 's undemocratic ` CY ' administration to be driven from office . They also criticise the main pan democratic opposition parties in Hong Kong for adopting a timid approach that aims to achieve piecemeal democratic reforms through compromise and negotiation -- a strategy that Socialist Action claims is incapable of success against a dictatorial regime like China 's . This is because the Chinese regime fears that any slackening of its political control could cause the `` dam to burst '' , inspiring massive popular movements in China that could sweep the regime away . Socialist Action plays an active part in many struggles -- workers ' strikes , environmental protests and campaigns for migrants ' rights . It stands for the building of a new working class party drawing support from today 's mass struggles as the only way to overcome the resistance of the CCP dictatorship and achieve real democratic change ." }, { "docid": "Education_University_of_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "The Education University of Hong Kong ( Abbreviated : EdUHK , ) , founded in 1994 as the The Hong Kong Institute of Education ( Abbreviated : HKIEd , ) is one of eight subsidised Universities under the University Grants Committee of Hong Kong and the only one dedicated to teacher education . According to the 2016 QS World University Rankings in the field of Education , it is ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in Asia ; in the field of linguistics , it is ranked 101-150th in the world ; and in the field of Social Science and Management , it is ranked 378th in the world ( 2014 QS World University Rankings ) ." }, { "docid": "Preliminary_Working_Committee", "title": "", "text": "The Preliminary Working Committee ( PWC ) was a body set up by the Government of the People 's Republic of China government for the preparation of the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong . The first meeting of the PWC was held in July 1995 and ended its work in December 1995 . It consisted of 57 members , of which 30 were from Hong Kong . The chairman was Qian Qichen and the six vice-chairmen considsted of four Mainland officials ( Lu Ping , Zhou Nan , Jiang Enzhu , and Zheng Yi ) , two Hong Kong vice-chairmen were Henry Fok and T. K. Ann , two tycoons among the most trusted by Beijing . The mainland members included those with vice-ministerial rank form the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office , Ministry of Public Security , People 's Liberation Army , Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation , People 's Bank of China , and the CCP 's United Front Work Department . Other Hong Kong members included those were the targets of the united front , such as David Li , Li Ka-shing , Lo Tak-shing , and Maria Tam . The legality of the body was questioned as the forming of such a body was not envisaged by either the Sino-British Joint Declaration or the Basic Law of Hong Kong . Beijing argued it was the decision made by the National People 's Congress on 4 April 1990 when the Basic Law was passed , it provided the NPC to establish a Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Preliminary Working Committee was just preparation for the Preparatory Committee to be set up in 1996 ." }, { "docid": "Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is the head and representative of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and head of the Government of Hong Kong . The position was created to replace the Governor of Hong Kong , the representative of the Monarch of the United Kingdom during British rule . The office , stipulated by the Hong Kong Basic Law , formally came into being on 1 July 1997 when the sovereignty of Hong Kong was transferred from the United Kingdom to the People 's Republic of China . The functions of the Chief Executive ( CE ) include nominating principal officials for appointment by the Central People 's Government of the People 's Republic of China , conducting foreign relations , appointing judges and other public officers , giving consent to legislation passed by the Legislative Council , and bestowing honours . The Basic Law grants the Chief Executive a wide range of powers , but obliges him or her , before making important policy decisions , introducing bills to the Legislative Council , making subsidiary legislation , and dissolving the Legislative Council , to act only after consultation with the Executive Council all of whose members are appointed by the Chief Executive . The Executive Council consists of official and non-official members , including the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong , the most senior official and head of the Government Secretariat , in charge of overseeing the administration of the Government . The Chief Executive holds the title `` The Honourable '' , and ranks first in the Hong Kong order of precedence . The current Chief Executive is Carrie Lam who took office on March 26 , 2017 . The official residence of the Chief Executive is Government House in Central , Hong Kong Island ." }, { "docid": "Akio_Hong", "title": "", "text": "James `` Akio '' Hong is a travel writer from Hong Kong who has traveled more than 70 countries . He contributes travel columns on the major newspaper in Hong Kong and China such as Metro Daily , The Sun ( Hong Kong ) , Hong Kong Economic Journal , am730 and Headline Daily . His first book 5000 Years of Adventure has raised HK$ 500,000 for Heifer International Hong Kong . The electronic version of this book was ranked No. 1 at the Hong Kong eBook Chart for a consecutive of 13 days . His second book 10 Stunning Days in Mexico and Cuba was published in July 2011 . As an influential travel writer in Hong Kong and China , his followers on SNS exceeded 1 million . His travelogue is an integration of history , comparative literature , astronomy , music , politics , languages , religions , arts , economics , philosophy , humanities , etc. ." }, { "docid": "Hong_Kong_Exchanges_and_Clearing", "title": "", "text": "Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited ( HKEx ; , also 香港交易所 or 港交所 ) operates a stock market and futures market in Hong Kong through its wholly owned subsidiaries The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited ( SEHK ) and Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited ( HKFE ) . The Group also operates four clearing houses in Hong Kong : Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited ( HKSCC ) , HKFE Clearing Corporation Limited ( HKCC ) , the SEHK Options Clearing House Limited ( SEOCH ) and OTC Clearing Hong Kong Limited ( OTC Clear ) . HKSCC , HKCC and SEOCH provide integrated clearing , settlement , depository and nominee activities to their participants , while OTC Clear provides OTC interest rate derivatives and non-deliverable forwards clearing and settlement services to its members . HKEx provides market data through its data dissemination entity , HKEx Information Services Limited . HKEx also owns the London Metal Exchange , which has a dominant global position in base metals trading . With a total market capitalisation of over US$ 3.9 trillion as of 10 April 2015 , one of the largest exchanges in the world by market capitalisation of listed companies ( see List of stock exchanges for complete rankings ) . As of the end of March 2015 , there were 1,775 companies listed on HKEx 's securities market ." }, { "docid": "George_Grüner", "title": "", "text": "George Grüner is a Hungarian physicist , currently the Distinguished Professor of Physics at University of California , Los Angeles and also a publisher author . He was a Highly Ranked Scientist in 2003 and has been one of the most widely cited scientists for his research , holding a current high of 1,448 citations , and also widely held as an author with a total number of 2,842 libraries , the highest held book is in 457 libraries . Along with being named a Technology Pioneer at the World Economic Forum in 2003 , he has also been accepted other positions such as the Honorary Professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Guggenheim Fellow , Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Fellow of the American Physical Society , Alexander von Humboldt Senior American Scientist Award and the Distinguished Lecture Award at the University of Hong Kong ." }, { "docid": "Wayne_Wong", "title": "", "text": "Wong Wing-Luen , Wayne ( , born March 21 , 1981 , in Hong Kong ) is a former tennis player from Hong Kong . He also goes by the nickname `` Wayne '' . As of February 14 , 2005 , Wong was # 1158 in world in the ATP rankings , which is the highest in his career . The right-hander stands 5 feet 7 inches and weighs 140 pounds . Wong quickly emerged as one of Hong Kong 's most highly touted junior players . Between 1995 and 1999 , Wong was ranked No. 1 in the Hong Kong Boys ' 18U age group each year since the age of 14 . Highlights of his junior career include ascending to a number 137 junior world ranking . Wong is a member of the Hong Kong , China Davis Cup team , he debuted for Hong Kong at age 15 years 332 days in a reverse singles dead rubber against Thailand in an Asia/Oceania Zone Group II First Round tie at Victoria Park in February 1997 . He has compiled an 18 -- 12 record in Davis Cup action since 1997 . At the 2006 Asian Games , Wayne won the first round singles match against Mongolia 's Badrakh Munkhbaatar , also , he won the second round match against Pakistan 's Aqeel Khan . He lost in the third round to eventual gold medalist Danai Udomchoke . In doubles , he and Yu Hiu Tung lost to former World No. 1s and eventual gold medalists Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes . But his run into the men 's singles third round is the best result of the Hong Kong tennis team in this event ." }, { "docid": "List_of_companies_of_China", "title": "", "text": "China , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia . With a population of over 1.381 billion , it is the world 's most populous country . The state is governed by the Communist Party of China , and its capital is Beijing . It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions ( Hong Kong and Macau ) , and claims sovereignty over Taiwan . The country 's major urban areas include Shanghai , Guangzhou , Beijing , Chongqing , Shenzhen , Tianjin and Hong Kong . China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower . Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978 , China has become one of the world 's fastest-growing major economies . , it is the world 's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . China is also the world 's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods . China is a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations , including the WTO , APEC , BRICS , the Shanghai Cooperation Organization ( SCO ) , the BCIM and the G-20 . A company incorporated in any of China 's special administrative regions is not considered to be incorporated in China . See the corresponding list for companies incorporated in China 's special administrative regions . For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in China ''" }, { "docid": "Annie_Au", "title": "", "text": "Au Wing Chi ( ; born February 9 , 1989 in Hong Kong ) is a professional squash player who represents Hong Kong . Annie is a left-hander from Asia who has made a great impression as a junior . Not only winning British Junior Open titles but reaching the final of the Asian Junior and being a member of the Hong Kong team which won the world juniors is also on her record . She is a tribute to the Hong Kong Squash development schemes . She started playing squash at school aged thirteen through the promotional scheme . Now , she falls under the wing of national coach Tony Choi . Au reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 6 in May 2012 ." }, { "docid": "City_University_of_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "City University of Hong Kong ( Abbreviation : CityU ; Chinese : 香港城市大學 ) is a public research university in Kowloon Tong , Kowloon , Hong Kong . It was founded in 1984 as City Polytechnic of Hong Kong and became a fully accredited university in 1994 . It is one of eight government-funded degree-granting tertiary institutions . City University of Hong Kong is organised into three colleges and four schools , including the College of Business , College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences , College of Science and Engineering , School of Creative Media , School of Energy and Environment , School of Law , and School of Veterinary Medicine . It offers over 50 bachelor 's degree programmes through its constituent colleges and schools . It also offers dual degree programmes with world-renowned universities such as Columbia University . Postgraduate degree programmes are offered by the Chow Yei Ching School of Graduate Studies . City University of Hong Kong is globally recognised as a top centre of higher learning and research . CityU is ranked # 55 in the world in the QS World University Rankings . In particular , the College of Business is well regarded for their cutting-edge research . It is ranked # 57 in the world and # 2 in Asia by the U.S. News & World Report . It is also ranked # 33 in the world and # 2 in Asia in the UTD Top 100 Business School Research Ranking ." }, { "docid": "Football_in_China", "title": "", "text": "Football in the People 's Republic of China consists of Association football as well as the China national football team . Football has been one of the most well supported sports in China , since it was introduced in the early 1900s . The national governing body is the Chinese Football Association ( CFA ) . Hong Kong and Macau have separate national teams and leagues . According to FIFA ranking on 12/1/2017 , the Men 's National Team is ranked 81st in the world and according to FIFA women 's world rankings on 23/12/2016 , the Women 's National Team is ranked 13th ." }, { "docid": "Hong_Kong_national_rugby_union_team", "title": "", "text": "The Hong Kong national rugby union team , nicknamed the Dragons , represent Hong Kong in international rugby union . Hong Kong is one of the better rugby sides in Asia outside of Japan , and has consistently made the repechages of the Rugby World Cup qualifying . Rugby union in Hong Kong is administered by the Hong Kong Rugby Union since 1952 , and competes annually in the Asia Rugby Championship . Hong Kong has one of the oldest rugby traditions in Asia , having been played there since the 19th century , when British colonists arrived in Hong Kong and brought the sport with them . For a long time , rugby union in Hong Kong was traditionally associated with Hong Kong 's British-descended , English-speaking class , but since the 1990s there has been extensive efforts to integrate the game to the Cantonese-speaking community , with a degree of success ; the first of these players being `` Rambo '' Leung Yeung Kit . Hong Kong have improved in form recently , having finished in second place in the ARC in 2011 , 2014 , and 2015 , and made it to the repechage of the 2015 Rugby World Cup qualifying , though lost to Uruguay 24 to 3 ." }, { "docid": "Hong_Kong_national_cricket_team", "title": "", "text": "The Hong Kong cricket team represents Hong Kong in international cricket . It played its first match in 1866 and has been an associate member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) since 1969 . Hong Kong played its first One Day Internationals in the 2004 Asia Cup , and in January 2014 was granted ODI status until 2018 , as a result of finishing third in the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier . The team gained Twenty20 International status in November 2013 , as a result of qualifying for the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 . Hong Kong has played in every ICC Trophy/World Cup Qualifier tournament , with the exceptions of the 1979 and 2005 events . It has also taken part in two ICC Intercontinental Cup tournaments , in 2005 and in 2015 -- 17 , and in two ICC World Twenty20 tournaments , in 2014 and 2016 . As of 12 March 2016 , Hong Kong is ranked 15th in the world by the ICC , the third highest-ranked Asian non-Test nation . It is ranked 14th in Twenty20 Internationals ." }, { "docid": "Hong_Kong_men's_national_ice_hockey_team", "title": "", "text": "The Hong Kong national ice hockey team is the national men 's ice hockey team of Hong Kong and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) . Hong Kong is currently ranked 44th in the IIHF World Rankings and competes in Division III of the IIHF World Championships ." }, { "docid": "Cinema_of_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the three major threads in the history of Chinese language cinema , alongside the cinema of China , and the cinema of Taiwan . As a former British colony , Hong Kong had a greater degree of political and economic freedom than mainland China and Taiwan , and developed into a filmmaking hub for the Chinese-speaking world ( including its worldwide diaspora ) , and for East Asia in general . For decades , Hong Kong was the third largest motion picture industry in the world ( after Indian cinema and Hollywood ) and the second largest exporter . Despite an industry crisis starting in the mid-1990s and Hong Kong 's return to Chinese sovereignty in July 1997 , Hong Kong film has retained much of its distinctive identity and continues to play a prominent part on the world cinema stage . In the West , Hong Kong 's vigorous pop cinema ( especially Hong Kong action cinema ) has long had a strong cult following , which is now arguably a part of the cultural mainstream , widely available and imitated . Economically , the film industry together with the value added of cultural and creative industries represents 5 per cent of Hong Kong 's economy ." }, { "docid": "CUHK_Faculty_of_Medicine", "title": "", "text": "Faculty of Medicine of The Chinese University of Hong Kong ( CUHK ) was established in 1981 and consists of five schools which offer an array of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in the field of medicine , nursing , pharmacy and public health . The Hong Kong 's Prince of Wales Hospital is the faculty 's teaching facility and base of research . The medium of instruction of all programs is English while Chinese is also retained for the teaching of Chinese Medicine . It is the second of one of only two medical training faculties established in Hong Kong , along with the older Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong . They are also the only two tertiary institutions in Hong Kong that provide medical and pharmacy programmes . CUHK 's medical school has been ranked as one of the top 50 medical schools in the world , despite its short history of 35 years as of 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Kai_Tak_Airport", "title": "", "text": "Kai Tak Airport was the international airport of Hong Kong from 1925 until 1998 . It was officially known as Hong Kong International Airport from 1954 to 6 July 1998 , when it was closed and replaced by the new Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok , 30 km to the west . It is often known as Hong Kong International Airport , Kai Tak , or simply Kai Tak , to distinguish it from its successor which is often referred to as Chek Lap Kok Airport . With numerous skyscrapers and mountains located to the north and its only runway jutting out into Victoria Harbour , landings at the airport were dramatic to experience and technically demanding for pilots . The History Channel program Most Extreme Airports ranked it as the 6th most dangerous airport in the world . The airport was home to Hong Kong 's international carrier Cathay Pacific , as well as regional carrier Dragonair , freight airline Air Hong Kong and Hong Kong Airways . The airport was also home to the former RAF Kai Tak ." }, { "docid": "Demographics_of_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "This article is about the demographic features of the population of Hong Kong , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population . Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world , with an overall density of some 6,300 people per square kilometre . At the same time , Hong Kong has one of the world 's lowest birth rates -- 1.11 per woman of child-bearing age as of 2012 , far below the replacement rate of 2.1 . It is estimated that 26.8 % of the population will be aged 65 or more in 2033 , up from 12.1 % in 2005 . Hong Kong recorded 8.2 births per 1,000 people in 2005-2010 . Ethnically , Hong Kong mainly consists of Han Chinese who constitute approximately 92 % of the population . Of these , many originate from various regions in Canton . There are also a number of descendants of immigrants from elsewhere in Southern China and around the world after the end of World War II ." }, { "docid": "Hong_Kong_Junior_Open_Squash", "title": "", "text": "Hong Kong Junior Open '' ' squash championship is considered one of the most prestigious junior open squash championships in Asia and in the world . It is one of just four Tier 2 events used in the world junior rankings , which are surpassed in difficulty only by the World Junior Squash Championships , the only Tier 1 event . The tournament hosts nearly 500 players every year and is organized by the Asian Squash Federation and Hong Kong Squash . Hong Kong Junior Open is divided into ten categories -- Boys Under-19 , Boys Under-17 , Boys Under-15 , Boys Under-13 , Boys Under-11 , Girls Under-19 , Girls Under-17 , Girls Under-15 , Girls Under-13 and Girls Under-11 ." }, { "docid": "Women_in_Hong_Kong", "title": "", "text": "See also ( British Hong Kong ) Native women in Hong Kong used to be situated within the context of Chinese family and society , in which they were treated the same as Mainland women or Taiwanese women . Under the traditional Chinese patriarchy structure , the society was male-dominated , and women had a relatively subordinate familial role . However , there are cultural differences between Mainland Chinese citizens and citizens of Hong Kong . During the British colonial period the emergence of Western culture ( i.e. `` Westernization '' ) created a mix of traditional Chinese culture and Western values . This created a unique culture of Hong Kong . Along with the rapid economic and social development of Hong Kong since the end of the Second World War , a significant improvement in the role of women has been witnessed , while the male dominant society structure still persist in some aspects of women 's lives . In Mainland China , women 's roles have changed over time as well , but in different ways due to the influence of Mao Zedong 's official ideology of gender equality , and Deng Xiaoping 's economic reforms . Hence , women studies in Hong Kong are slightly different from China 's , as citizens of Hong Kong often refrain from referring to themselves as Chinese but rather `` Hong Kongers '' . During the past three decades , women in Hong Kong have become more independent , monetarily autonomous , assertive , and career-focused . This may make them more prominent when compared with women in other comparable Southeast Asian countries . With the increased number of women in professional and managerial positions in recent decades , especially since the enactment of anti-discrimination laws since the mid-1990s , the terms `` female strong person '' or `` superwomen '' are being used to describe women in Hong Kong ." } ]
106357	Manchester City F.C. was bought by the Abu Dhabi United Group.	[ { "docid": "Manchester_City_F.C.", "title": "", "text": "Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester , England . Founded in 1880 as St. Mark 's ( West Gorton ) , they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894 . The club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003 , having played at Maine Road since 1923 . The club 's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s when they won the League Championship , FA Cup , League Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison . After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final , the club went through a period of decline , culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998 . Having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s , the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has become one of the wealthiest in the world . Since 2011 the club have won five major honours , including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014 . By 2015 -- 16 , Manchester City had the fifth-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of $ 463.5 million . In 2016 , Forbes magazine estimated they were the world 's sixth most valuable football club , worth $ 1.92 billion ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_United_Group", "title": "", "text": "The Abu Dhabi United Group for Development and Investment ( ADUG ) , مجموعة أبوظبي الاتحاد للتنمية والاستثمار , ' is a United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) based private equity company owned by Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan , member of the Abu Dhabi Royal Family and Minister of Presidential Affairs for the UAE . The primary interest of the group is its ownership of City Football Group , a worldwide organisation most notably controlling Manchester City F.C , Melbourne City F.C and New York City F.C. , as well as several other international football clubs , although it holds interests in various other endeavours outside of the sporting world also . It was initially thought that Abu Dhabi United Group was a part of Abu Dhabi Investment Authority , a sovereign wealth fund owned by Abu Dhabi . But Abu Dhabi United Group had denied connection to the government of Abu Dhabi ." }, { "docid": "Khaldoon_Al_Mubarak", "title": "", "text": "Khaldoon Khalifa Al Mubarak ( خلدون المبارك born 1976 ) is an Emirati entrepreneur . Educated in the United States , he entered a career in construction and real estate , becoming CEO of the Mubadala Development Company . He sits on a number of boards , including First Gulf Bank , Aldar Properties and Ferrari . Al Mubarak is also a member of the Executive Council for the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and chairman of Executive Affairs Authority . Al Mubarak became the chairman of Manchester City Football Club , when the club was bought by the Abu Dhabi United Group back in September 2008 . He is considered as `` one of the royal family 's most trusted advisers . ''" }, { "docid": "History_of_Manchester_City_F.C._(2001–present)", "title": "", "text": "This page chronicles the history of English football team Manchester City Football Club in further detail from 2001 to the present day . See History of Manchester City F.C. for a history overview of Manchester City . The 2001 to 2011 history of the club has been marked by stability , with the club establishing itself as a Premier League regular since 2002 . The club was taken over in 2007 by Thaksin Shinawatra , who invested a considerable portion of money into the club with Sven-Göran Eriksson . After being arrested for political corruption in the summer of 2008 , Shinawatra had to sell the club to a Abu Dhabi Investment Group" }, { "docid": "Beswick,_Manchester", "title": "", "text": "Beswick is an area of the city of Manchester , in North West England . Historically in Lancashire , it neighbours the district of Bradford to the east and the two areas are sometimes referred to as Bradford-with-Beswick . The River Medlock and the Ashton Canal both run through it . For the 2002 Commonwealth Games . the area was transformed with the construction of the new Manchester City football stadium . After the stadium was built further sporting facilities were developed as well as the National Cycling Centre , Regional Athletics Centre and the National Squash & Tennis Centre resulting in the area being named Sportcity . In addition to the new Academy , Beswick benefits from public community facilities , which are open for all residents to use Etihad Campus , including the Etihad Stadium and SportCity , new leisure centre offering a swimming pool and rugby pitch ; Connell Sixth Form College , an institute of health and performance , shops and rugby pitch for use by the local community and athletes . The Manchester authorities are working with Abu Dhabi United Group , owners of Manchester City FC , to regenerate the surrounding areas near the stadium . Under the plans the area will get # 1bn of investment over a 10-year period starting from 2015 pending planning permission . Manchester Life Development Company , a joint venture between the council and Abu Dhabi United Group , said at least 830 new homes would be built under the first phase of the project ." }, { "docid": "Mansour_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan", "title": "", "text": "Mansour bin Zayed bin Sultan bin Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan ( born 20 November 1970 ) , commonly known as Sheikh Mansour , is the deputy prime minister of the United Arab Emirates , minister of presidential affairs and member of the ruling family of Abu Dhabi . He is the half brother of the current President of UAE , Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan . He is also the chairman of the ministerial council for services , the Emirates Investment Authority and the Emirates Racing Authority . He sits on the Supreme Petroleum Council and the boards of numerous investment companies including the International Petroleum Investment Company and the Abu Dhabi Investment Council . Mansour also owns stakes in a number of business ventures , including Virgin Galactic and Sky News Arabia . He is also the owner of the privately held Abu Dhabi United Group ( ADUG ) , a specialist investment company that successfully acquired Manchester City Football Club in September 2008 , and which has overseen a significant transformation at the Club since that time , most notably , the club have won two top flight league titles for the first time since 1968 , City 's first Premier League titles . On May 21 , 2013 , Major League Soccer of the United States announced that its second New York City Metropolitan Area club , to be called New York City FC , would begin play in the 2015 season , to be majority-owned by Mansour bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , in association with brothers Hal and Hank Steinbrenner ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi", "title": "", "text": "Abu Dhabi ( US -LSB- ˈɑːbuː_ˈdɑːbi -RSB- , UK -LSB- ˈæbuː_ˈdɑːbi -RSB- أبو ظبي -LSB- ɐˈbuˈðˤɑbi -RSB- ) is the capital and the second most populous city of the United Arab Emirates ( the most populous being Dubai ) , and also capital of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi , the largest of the UAE 's seven emirates . Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western coast . The city proper had a population of 1.5 million in 2014 . Abu Dhabi houses federal government offices , is the seat of the United Arab Emirates Government , home to the Abu Dhabi Emiri Family and the President of the UAE , who is from this family . Abu Dhabi 's rapid development and urbanisation , coupled with the relatively high average income of its population , has transformed the city into a large and advanced metropolis . Today the city is the country 's center of political and industrial activities , and a major cultural and commercial centre , due to its position as the capital . Abu Dhabi accounts for about two-thirds of the roughly $ 400-billion United Arab Emirates economy . Abu Dhabi is the fourth most expensive city for expatriate employees in the region , and in 2014 was the 68th most expensive big city in the world ." }, { "docid": "Sheppard_Robson", "title": "", "text": "Sheppard Robson ( previously Richard Sheppard , Robson & Partners ) is a British architecture firm , founded in 1938 by Sir Richard Herbert Sheppard , with offices in London , Manchester , Glasgow , and Abu Dhabi . It was particularly influential in the 1950s-1960s , pioneering the use of concrete shell structures , and in the present day as a leader in sustainable architecture , building the UK 's first net zero carbon house in 2007 as well as designing the LEED Platinum Siemens Middle East Headquarters at Masdar City , which completed in 2014 . The latter project was cited as exemplifying `` a new generation -LSB- that -RSB- has emerged -LSB- at the practice -RSB- , which is balancing performance , especially of the sustainable variety , with form '' . The practice has offices in London , Manchester , Glasgow and Abu Dhabi and in the 2000s established an award-winning interior design group , ID : SR Sheppard Robson ." }, { "docid": "The_British_International_School_Abu_Dhabi", "title": "", "text": "The British International School Abu Dhabi is an international school in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Abu Dhabi Education council ( ADEC ) has rated BIS Abu Dhabi as a Band A , Very Good High Performing School . The school was established in September 2009 and currently has over 1500 students from over 70 different nationalities . The British International School , Abu Dhabi is part of the Nord Anglia Education Group . The International Schools division of Nord Anglia Education provides British education for children between the ages of 2 and 18 years in 42 international schools with over 32,000 students . Nord Anglia International School Dubai is a sister school , located some 130 km away in the city of Dubai , UAE . The school offers education of the English National Curriculum for students aged 3 -- 18 years . The school has also gained accreditation to offer the IB Diploma Programme for Year 12 in September 2013 and Year 13 in September 2014 ." }, { "docid": "Al_Ain", "title": "", "text": "Al - ` Ain ( العين , , literally The Spring ) , also known as the Garden City due to its greenery , is the largest inland city in the United Arab Emirates , the fourth-largest overall ( after Dubai , Abu Dhabi , and Sharjah ) , and the second-largest in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi . With a population of 650,000 ( as of 2013 ) , it is located approximately 160 km east of the capital Abu Dhabi and about 120 km south of Dubai . Al - ` Ain is the birthplace of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , the founder of the United Arab Emirates , and has the highest proportion of Emirati nationals ( 30.8 % ) . Al - ` Ain is located in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi , inland on the border with Oman . The freeways connecting Al - ` Ain , Abu Dhabi , and Dubai form a geographic triangle in the country , each city being roughly 130 km from the other two ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_TV", "title": "", "text": "Abu Dhabi TV is an Arabic television station that originally launched in 1969 but was re-launched in 2000 and again in 2008 . It broadcasts from Abu Dhabi , capital of the United Arab Emirates and is owned by Abu Dhabi Media . Although it is a generic channel and not a 24-hour news network , Abu Dhabi TV is famous for its footage of the 2003 Iraq War . Abu Dhabi TV is managed by the United Arab Emirates ' largest media group , Abu Dhabi Media Company . ADMC , the largest and most diversified media corporation in the Arab world , enjoys editorial and administrative independence while somewhat dependent on government and federal funding through its previous attachment to the Ministry of Information and Culture since 1999 and current attachment to Abu Dhabi Media Company in which the ministry was scrapped in Feb. 2006 . EMI operations currently include 3 satellite television channels , 7 radio channels and 3 press publications . Abu Dhabi TV presents news bulletins every three hours . It produces nearly 60 % of the programs that it broadcasts , including political , current affairs , cultural , entertainment , drama , and documentary features . Abu Dhabi TV is broadcast throughout the Arab World , North America , Europe , South America , and Australia . The network is known throughout the Arab World for the popular show of Million 's Poet . Abu Dhabi TV analogue was shut down on 13 February 2012 . in 3 december 2013 - starting broadcasts High-definition television `` HD '' ( 1080i )" }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower", "title": "", "text": "Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower is a skyscraper in the city of Abu Dhabi , the capital of the United Arab Emirates . It was completed in 2006 and hosts the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority . It has a height of 607 ft ( 185 m ) and has 40 floors ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_Global_Market_Square", "title": "", "text": "Abu Dhabi Global Market Square ( formerly Sowwah Square ) is a development located on Al Maryah Island ( formerly called Sowwah ) , northeast of the city center of Abu Dhabi , the capital city of the United Arab Emirates . Construction of Abu Dhabi Global Market Square started in 2007 , and the first buildings opened in 2011 . ADGM Square is home to over 40 companies and features a retail district called The Galleria . Buildings include : Sowwah Square Tower 1 , 37 floors Sowwah Square Tower 2 , 37 floors Rosewood Hotel , 34 floors Sowwah Square Tower 3 , 31 floors Sowwah Square Tower 4 , 31 floors Abu Dhabi Global Market ( Abu Dhabi 's International Financial Centre ) , 5 floors" }, { "docid": "2002_Commonwealth_Games", "title": "", "text": "The 2002 Commonwealth Games , officially the XVII Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester , England , from 25 July to 4 August 2002 . The 2002 Games were to be hosted in the United Kingdom to coincide with the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II , head of the Commonwealth , and Manchester was selected for the 2002 Games ahead of London . The XVII Commonwealth Games was , prior to the 2012 Summer Olympics , the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the UK , eclipsing the London 1948 Summer Olympics in numbers of teams and athletes participating . In terms of sports and events , the 2002 Games were the largest Commonwealth Games in history featuring 281 events across 17 sports . The Games were considered a success for the host city , providing an event to display how Manchester has changed following the 1996 bombing . The Games formed the catalyst for the widespread regeneration and heavy development of Manchester , and bolstered its reputation as a European and global city internationally . Rapid economic development and continued urban regeneration of the now post-industrial Manchester continued after the Games which helped cement its place as one of the principal cultural cities in the United Kingdom . The opening and closing ceremonies , the athletic and the rugby sevens events were held at the City of Manchester Stadium , which was purpose built for the Games . Unusually for a large multi-sport event -- the second largest competition by number of countries and athletes participating -- the shooting events were held in the National Shooting Centre in Bisley , Surrey , some 200 mi from the main focus of the Games in Manchester . Seventy-two nations competed in 14 individual sports and 3 team sports events . Sporting legacy includes the British Cycling team who inherited the Manchester Velodrome and went on to win eight gold medals at the 2008 Olympics and another eight gold medals at the 2012 Olympics , partly attributed to the availability of the velodrome . Manchester City F.C. inherited the City of Manchester Stadium , and as a result , have since found themselves in a desirable investment opportunity in age of foreign football investment . The club was taken over by the Abu Dhabi United Group led by Sheikh Mansour in 2008 , without the stadium , a takeover would have been far less certain . The Games were a formative moment for Manchester and Britain with then-IOC president Jacques Rogge viewing the games as an important litmus test as to whether Britain could host the Summer Olympics . The success of the Games quickly encouraged and inspired the future London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics with London going on to win the bid on 6 July 2005 and the games were successfully staged seven years later ." }, { "docid": "Masdar_City", "title": "", "text": "Masdar City is a planned city project in Abu Dhabi , in the United Arab Emirates . Its core is being built by Masdar , a subsidiary of Mubadala Development Company , with the majority of seed capital provided by the Government of Abu Dhabi . Designed by the British architectural firm Foster and Partners , the city relies on solar energy and other renewable energy sources . Masdar City is being constructed 17 km east-south-east of the city of Abu Dhabi , beside Abu Dhabi International Airport . Masdar City hosts the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency ( IRENA ) . The city is designed to be a hub for cleantech companies . Its first tenant was the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology , which has been operating in the city since it moved into its campus in September 2010 ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_Islamic_Bank", "title": "", "text": "Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank ( appr . ADIB ) is an Islamic bank based in Abu Dhabi city , in the United Arab Emirates ." }, { "docid": "Sky_Tower_(Abu_Dhabi)", "title": "", "text": "Sky Tower Abu Dhabi is a 292-metre tall skyscraper with 74 floors in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . It is located on Al Reem Island and includes office and residential space . Construction was completed in 2010 when it was the city 's largest building but has been overtaken by The Landmark since , see also Abu Dhabi skyscrapers ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_Capital_District", "title": "", "text": "The Capital District is a construction project which will be built seven kilometres inland south of Abu Dhabi island in the United Arab Emirates , between Mohammed bin Zayed City and Abu Dhabi International Airport . The new district will be the seat of the UAE 's federal government , and one of the key centrepieces of Plan 2030 . The district will also be the main location for Abu Dhabi 's own central government bodies , with the total value of projects estimated at $ 40bn . The project will also have a fully integrated transport system tying into the rest of the transport network , including a high-speed rail service , metro railway and regional rail connections . Upon completion , the 4,900 hectare Capital City District will serve as a second downtown for Abu Dhabi proper and will be home to over 370,000 residents ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_International_Airport", "title": "", "text": "Abu Dhabi International Airport is an international airport in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi , the capital of the United Arab Emirates . The airport , located 16.5 NM east of Abu Dhabi city , is the second largest in the UAE , serving around 20 million passengers in 2014 . It has three operational passenger terminals -- Terminal 1 ( divided into Terminals 1A and 1B ) , Terminal 2 , Terminal 3 . Abu Dhabi International Airport is spread over an area of 8500 acre . Its terminal spaces are dominated by Etihad Airways , which is the United Arab Emirates ' second largest air carrier after Emirates . More than 30 airlines offered service to over 120 destinations in more than 60 countries with non-stop services to five of six inhabited continents ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_International_Tennis_Complex", "title": "", "text": "The Abu Dhabi International Tennis Complex is a sports arena in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . The complex opened in 2004 as part of the Zayed Sports City . It has a seating capacity of 5,000 on Centre Court and 600 on Court 2 . The sports city features three other major sporting and leisure facilities ." }, { "docid": "Emirates_Ice_Hockey_League", "title": "", "text": "The Emirates Hockey League ( EHL ) is the national ice hockey league of the United Arab Emirates . The league is governed by the International Ice Hockey Federation . Founded in 2009 , it currently consists of six teams : the Dubai Vipers , the Abu Dhabi Scorpions , the Dubai Mighty Camels , the Abu Dhabi Storms , the Al Ain Theebs , and the Al Ain White Bears . The Vipers , Scorpions , White Bears and Mighty Camels are composed of expatriate players working in the UAE , while the other two clubs consist of mostly Emirati players who form the United Arab Emirates National team . The first game of the league was on October 7 , 2009 between the Dubai Mighty Camels and Abu Dhabi Scorpions , held at the Zayed Sports City in Abu Dhabi . The league is sponsored by the Abu Dhabi Sports Council" }, { "docid": "Al_Bahr_Towers", "title": "", "text": "Al Bahr Towers is a development in the emirate of Abu Dhabi consisting of two 29-storey , 145m -- high towers . It is located at the intersection of Al Saada and Al Salam Street in Abu Dhabi City , the capital of the United Arab Emirates , at the eastern entrance . One tower houses the new headquarters of the Abu Dhabi Investment Council ( ADIC ) , an investment arm of the Government of Abu Dhabi . The other serves as the head office of Al Hilal Bank , a progressive and innovative Islamic Bank ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_Adventure_Challenge", "title": "", "text": "The Abu Dhabi Adventure Challenge was an annual multi-sports endurance race during which co-ed teams of four made their way through a punishing six-day , 400 kilometre ( average ) route across Abu Dhabi - the largest of the seven emirates which make up the United Arab Emirates . The event was held under the patronage of His Highness Sheikh Hazza bin Zayed Al Nahyan , Chairman of Abu Dhabi Sports Council and had a prize purse of US$ 236,500 , with the winning team receiving US$ 40,000 . Incorporating a number of disciplines , including trail running , sea kayaking , rope works , mountain biking , desert orienteering and adventure running , the Abu Dhabi Adventure Challenge was developed by Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority ( ADTA ) to showcase the emirate 's diverse landscapes , including city scenes , islands , desert , oases and rocky heights ." }, { "docid": "Ahmad_Ali_Al_Sayegh", "title": "", "text": "Ahmad Ali Al Sayegh ( Arabic : أحمد علي الصايغ ) is a prominent businessman in Abu Dhabi . United Arab Emirates , the CEO of Dolphin Energy Limited ( UAE ) . He has also served in a number of other key capacities in Abu Dhabi : Board Member of the UAE Offsets Group ( UAE ) , Deputy Chairman of First Gulf Bank ( UAE ) , Member , Board of management Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority ( UAE ) , Deputy Chairman of Abu Dhabi Ship Building ( UAE ) , Chairman of Aldar Properties PJSC . He is also the Secretary General of the Executive Council and board member of the Emirates Foundation He holds a bachelor 's degree in economics from Lewis & Clark College , Oregon , and started his career at the Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation and would eventually become its Finance Director ." }, { "docid": "Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Abu_Dhabi", "title": "", "text": "The three cities of Abu Dhabi Emirate within the United Arab Emirates -- the coastal city Abu Dhabi itself ( more than one million inhabitants ) as well as the inland oases Al Ain ( 0,4 million inhabitants ) and Liwa ( about 0,1 million inhabitants ) -- receive their drinking water supply entirely from desalinated seawater . Their wastewater is being treated and reused for the irrigation of green spaces ." }, { "docid": "Al_Bateen_Executive_Airport", "title": "", "text": "Al Bateen Executive Airport is a dedicated business jet airport located 6.5 NM south east of Abu Dhabi city centre in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . The airport is on the Abu Dhabi island . Other tenants include aviation assets of the UAE government ." }, { "docid": "Guggenheim_Abu_Dhabi", "title": "", "text": "The Guggenheim Abu Dhabi is a planned museum , to be located in Abu Dhabi , UAE . On July 8 , 2006 , the city of Abu Dhabi , capital of the United Arab Emirates , announced it had signed an agreement with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in New York City to build a 30000 m2 Guggenheim Museum on Saadiyat Island . Upon completion , it is planned to be the largest of the Guggenheim museums . Architect Frank Gehry is designing the building . Work on the site began in 2011 but was soon suspended . As of 2017 , no completion date is available . The museum collection is planned to reflect Islamic and middle-eastern culture . The museum is part of a larger complex of arts and cultural institutions that is being built on Saadiyat Island intended to appeal to international tourists ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Dhabi_Film_Festival", "title": "", "text": "Abu Dhabi Film Festival ( ADFF ) , formerly Middle East International Film Festival , is an international film festival which started in 2007 . The event is held annually in October in the city of Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . The ADFF aims to showcase the best films from the region alongside standout productions from prominent international filmmakers . Since 2012 , the festival has been part of the Abu Dhabi Media Zone Authority , specifically under Media Zone Events and powered by its partner company , twofour54 ." }, { "docid": "New_York_University_Abu_Dhabi", "title": "", "text": "New York University Abu Dhabi ( NYUAD , جامعة نيويورك أبوظبي ) is a research university with a fully integrated liberal arts and science college , located in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Together with New York University in New York City and New York University Shanghai , the portal campus is part of NYU 's Global Network University . It opened in 2008 at a temporary site for conferences and cultural events . The academic program opened in September 2010 on the permanent campus built on Saadiyat Island , Abu Dhabi ." }, { "docid": "2014_Red_Bull_Air_Race_of_Abu_Dhabi", "title": "", "text": "The 2014 Red Bull Air Race of Abu Dhabi was the 1st round of the 2014 Red Bull Air Race World Championship , the ninth season of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship . The event was held in Abu Dhabi , the capital city of the United Arab Emirates ." }, { "docid": "List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_United_Arab_Emirates", "title": "", "text": "The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the United Arab Emirates is the United Kingdom 's foremost diplomatic representative in the United Arab Emirates , and in charge of the UK 's diplomatic mission in the UAE . The official title is Her Britannic Majesty 's Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates . Before the UAE was granted independence from the United Kingdom , in 1971 , each of the Trucial States was home to its own political deputation from the United Kingdom , complete with its own Political Officer or Political Agent heading the deputation . Of these deputations and political representatives , the oldest , and by far the most important , was to the Emir of Abu Dhabi , who was based in the city of Abu Dhabi , now the capital city of the UAE and the site of the modern British embassy . The UK also maintains an embassy in Dubai , subordinate to the Abu Dhabi embassy , headed by a Consul General ." } ]
2829	Unapologetic is a work.	[ { "docid": "Unapologetic", "title": "", "text": "Unapologetic is the seventh studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna . It was released on November 19 , 2012 , by Def Jam Recordings and SRP Records . It was recorded between June and November 2012 , during promotion of her sixth album , Talk That Talk ( 2011 ) . As executive producer , Rihanna enlisted previous collaborators The-Dream , David Guetta , Chase & Status , and StarGate to work alongside new collaborators such as Parker Ighile , Mike Will Made-It , and Labrinth . Unapologetic is mainly a pop , dubstep and R&B album that incorporates elements of hip hop , EDM and reggae in its production , similar to the sound of her previous albums Talk That Talk and Rated R ( 2009 ) . Unapologetic received generally mixed reviews from critics , with some reviewers describing its music as interesting , while others criticized its lyrical content and rushed nature . The album won a Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album at the 2014 ceremony . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 238,000 copies , becoming Rihanna 's first number one album on the chart and best-selling debut week of her career . The album also became the singer 's third , fourth , and fifth consecutive number one album in the United Kingdom , Norway , and Switzerland , respectively . As of December 2014 , Unapologetic has sold over four million copies worldwide . The album produced seven singles including the international hits `` Diamonds '' and `` Stay '' . The former peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 where it became Rihanna 's twelfth number one song , tying her with Madonna and The Supremes for fourth most number one songs in the history of the chart . Prior to its release , Rihanna promoted the album with the 777 Tour which consisted of a seven-date promotional tour in which she performed seven concerts each in a different city in North America and Europe in seven days . To further promote Unapologetic , Rihanna embarked on her fourth worldwide tour entitled the Diamonds World Tour ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Unapologetic_Bitch", "title": "", "text": "`` Unapologetic Bitch '' is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Madonna for her thirteenth studio album , Rebel Heart ( 2015 ) . It was written by Madonna , Thomas Wesley Pentz , Shelco Garcia , Bryan Orellana , Maureen McDonald and Toby Gad , with production being done by Madonna , Garcia & Teenwolf , BV , Diplo and Ariel Rechtshaid . The song 's demo was leaked to the internet in December 2014 , with twelve other tracks from the album . Its final version was released on December 20 , 2014 , with five other tracks on the iTunes store , as `` an early Christmas gift '' to avoid more leakage . The song was conceived while Madonna was in the studio with Diplo , who worked with the singer on more than eight songs for the album . `` Unapologetic Bitch '' is a reggae pop song , with a dancehall groove , air horns , military drum beats and dub sirens in its instrumentation . The song is reminiscent of Diplo 's original sound , having dancehall elements . Lyrically , the song talks about overcoming a bad breakup and rediscovering one 's inner strength . The song received generally positive response from critics , who agreed it was a fun , refreshing track , while noting it resembles the work of other artists produced by Diplo , such as M.I.A. , Santigold , as well as his own group , Major Lazer . It charted in some European territories , as well as on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Songs chart . The song was part of Madonna 's Rebel Heart Tour ( 2015 -- 16 ) , with the singer inviting a member of the audience to participate during the performance , rewarding them with a banana as a gift afterwards ." }, { "docid": "Unapologetic_Art_Rap", "title": "", "text": "Unapologetic Art Rap is the first solo album from American rapper Open Mike Eagle . It was released on Mush Records in 2010 ." }, { "docid": "Love_Without_Tragedy_/_Mother_Mary", "title": "", "text": "`` Love Without Tragedy / Mother Mary '' is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her seventh studio album Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . She co-wrote the song with its producers Terius Nash and Carlos `` Los '' McKinney . An electro-R & B , Electronica and new wave song , the two songs derive its musical structure from the genres of electronica and new wave . Lyrically , `` Love Without Tragedy '' is love-oriented while in `` Mother Mary '' the singer makes a confession about a moment in her life which she regrets . The song received positive reviews from music critics . Many reviewers praised the deep meaning of the song and her vocal performance . Additionally , it received comparison to the works by The Police and their lead singer Sting . Upon the release of Unapologetic , `` Love Without Tragedy / Mother Mary '' debuted at number 95 on the French Singles Chart , 113 on the UK Singles Chart and 13 on the UK R&B Chart , due to strong digital download sales . `` Mother Mary '' serves as the introduction to Rihanna 's Diamonds World Tour ( 2013 ) ." }, { "docid": "No_Love_Allowed", "title": "", "text": "`` No Love Allowed '' is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her seventh studio album , Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . The singer co-wrote the track together with Sean `` Elijah Blake '' Fenton , Alexander Izquierdo , Steve Wyreman and Ernest Wilson , who produced it under his production name No I.D. . Kuk Harrell and Marcos Tovar recorded the song at Record One Studios and Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles and Metropolis Studios in London ; Harrell also did the vocal production . `` No Love Allowed '' is a electro-ragga and reggae song with an instrumentation consisting of a bubbly , dubbed-out groove , Caribbean and dubstep beat and loping drumless rhythms . `` No Love Allowed '' received acclaim from contemporary music critics ; many of them labeled it as a standout track on the album and likened it to the works of Jamaican musician Bob Marley and Rihanna 's 2011 single `` Man Down '' . Following the release of Unapologetic , `` No Love Allowed '' debuted on the charts in France , the United Kingdom and the United States . It peaked at number 101 in France , number 24 on the UK R&B Singles Chart , number 131 on the UK Singles Chart and number three on the US Bubbling Under R&B / Hip-Hop Singles . The song was included on the set list of Rihanna 's 2013 concert tour , the Diamonds World Tour ." }, { "docid": "Jump_(Rihanna_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Jump '' is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her seventh studio album , Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . It was written by Kevin Cossom , M. B. Williams , StarGate and Chase & Status , with production done by the latter two and Kuk Harrell . It samples the lyrics of the 1996 single `` Pony '' , performed by Ginuwine . Its composition and structure received comparisons to not only Justin Timberlake 's song `` Cry Me a River '' and Magnetic Man 's `` I Need Air '' , but also to some of Rihanna 's previous songs , including `` Rude Boy '' and `` Red Lipstick '' . A remix of the song called `` Jump ( Club Cheval Rap Remix ) '' by rapper Theophilus London was leaked onto the internet . `` Jump '' was serviced to Australian radio on January 24 , 2014 as the album 's fifth Australian single and seventh overall . The song received generally positive reviews from music critics . Many reviewers thought that `` Jump '' stood out as one of a couple of highlights on Unapologetic , while a few others singled it out as the sole highlight . However , it prompted a mixed reaction from James Montgomery for MTV , who thought that the dubstep bass line produced a `` mixed result '' . Genevieve Koski for The A.V. Club , who wrote that the track should not have been included on the album as it is a poor song choice , commented that songs like `` Jump '' are responsible for simply furthering her career in the music industry . Following the release of Unapologetic , `` Jump '' debuted on the French Singles Chart at number 153 and the UK Singles Chart at number 150 due to strong digital download sales ." }, { "docid": "Half_of_Me_(Rihanna_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Half of Me '' is a song recorded by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna for her seventh studio album Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . It was written by Emeli Sandé , Naughty Boy and Stargate , with production done by the latter two . It is a chamber pop and R&B song that sees Rihanna deliver vocals in an `` experimental '' fashion . Its lyrics have been described as a `` personal essay '' , with lyrics that discuss Rihanna 's unrepentant attitude in letting people into her life . She references Oprah Winfrey in the line `` You saw me on the television '' . The song garnered positive reviews from music critics , some of whom felt that it is `` heartfelt '' and `` psychedelic '' . Upon the release of Unapologetic , the song charted in Canada , France , Ireland , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . It debuted at number 10 on the UK R&B Chart ." }, { "docid": "Yemisi_Aribisala", "title": "", "text": "Yemisi Aribisala ( born 27 April 1973 ) , formerly Yẹ́misí Ogbe , is a Nigerian essayist , writer and food memoirist . She has been described as having a `` fearless , witty , and unapologetic voice '' , named one of seven bold and new international voices . She is renowned for her work in documenting Nigerian food as an entry point to thinking and understanding the culture and society . Her first book , Longthroat Memoirs : Soups , Sex , and the Nigerian Taste Buds , won the John Avery Prize at the André Simon Book Awards 2016 . She currently lives in Cape Town , South Africa , with her children ." }, { "docid": "Right_Now_(Rihanna_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Right Now '' is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her seventh studio album , Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . The song features French disc jockey David Guetta . Rihanna co-wrote the song with R&B singers Ne-Yo and The-Dream , while their longtime collaborators , Norwegian production duo StarGate , co-produced the track alongside Guetta and his own longtime collaborators Nicky Romero and Giorgio Tuinfort . It was sent to contemporary hit and rhythmic radios in the United States as the fourth international single and fifth overall from the album on May 28 , 2013 . Musically , `` Right Now '' is an EDM song . The lyrical content features Rihanna chanting to live life in the moment . The song garnered a mostly positive response from music critics , many of whom deemed it as one of the highlights of Unapologetic , some critics were also divided by the song calling it safe . Upon the release of Unapologetic , `` Right Now '' charted in many countries worldwide , including the top ten of the UK Dance Chart . `` Right Now '' debuted at number 90 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , reaching a peak of 50 . Furthermore , it has topped the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart becoming Rihanna 's twentieth number one on the chart , thus surpassing Janet Jackson 's tally . The song performed well in Australia where it was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) . No music video was shot for the song , and it received no televised performances as part of promotion . However the song was used as the promotional musical backdrop for the coverage of the 2013 NBA Playoffs and was used by lager company Budweiser as part of their global `` Made For Music '' campaign co-starring Jay-Z . The song was also remixed by mash-up artist DJ Earworm ." }, { "docid": "What_Now_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` What Now '' is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her seventh studio album , Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . It was written by Olivia Waithe , Parker Ighile and Nathan Cassells alongside Rihanna , with production handled by Ighile and Cassells . A remix collection was released exclusively to Beatport on August 29 , 2013 and later via iTunes , Amazon , and Google Play on September 17 , 2013 . The single was serviced to US rhythmic radio on September 24 , 2013 , before impacting mainstream radio on October 1 , 2013 as the fifth international single and sixth overall from Unapologetic . Another remix collection was released to Beatport on October 29 , 2013 . The song is a mid-tempo piano ballad which incorporates sounds which resemble `` sonic bombs '' during the chorus and `` crashing '' drums . `` What Now '' received generally positive reviews from music critics , with many calling it an emotional , stand-out song on the album and praising Rihanna 's vocals . Following the release of Unapologetic , `` What Now '' made appearances on various charts around the world . Following its release as a single , the song re-peaked in multiple territories , having it also reach new peaks at number 25 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 25 on the UK Singles Chart , while topping the US Dance Club Songs chart and attaining a top three peak on the UK R&B Chart . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Jeff Nicholas , Jonathan Craven , and Darren Craig from Uprising Creativity . It portrays Rihanna having an `` emotional breakdown '' and performing exorcism-type dance moves . Critics complimented the video and compared it to Rihanna 's 2008 video for the song `` Disturbia '' . Rihanna promoted `` What Now '' on Alan Carr : Chatty Man and the song is included on the set list of her Diamonds World Tour ( 2013 ) . British television network ITV used the song for their `` Where Drama Lives '' 2014 advertisement ." }, { "docid": "The_Amber_Rose_Show", "title": "", "text": "The Amber Rose Show is an American talk show starring Amber Rose that premiered on July 8 , 2016 on VH1 . Announced on May 3 , 2016 , the weekly series features Rose interviewing celebrity guests about various topics related to pop culture , motherhood , and relationships . The show was initially scheduled to premiere on June 17 , 2016 , but it was later announced it would premiere three weeks later . `` Amber has inspired millions of young women by overcoming homelessness to become a wildly successful entrepreneur , '' said Chris McCarthy , the general manager of the network . `` Amber is a perfect addition to the VH1 family because our audience is interested in hearing unique perspectives from those who are unapologetically themselves and not afraid to take a stand on issues they are passionate about , '' McCarthy also added . `` I 'm really unapologetic , and I do n't give a f -- k. I say what I feel so I needed a home like VH1 to not censor myself , '' Rose describes the show ." }, { "docid": "Mallika_Sengupta", "title": "", "text": "Mallika Sengupta ( মল্লিকা সেনগুপ্ত ,1960 -- 2011 ) was a Bengali poet , feminist , and reader of Sociology from Kolkata , known for her `` unapologetically political poetry '' ." }, { "docid": "MW_(manga)", "title": "", "text": "is a manga series by Osamu Tezuka . It was originally serialized in Shogakukan 's Big Comic in Japan , from 1976 -- 78 , and was published in English translation by Vertical Inc. in 2007 . Vertical 's edition earned it a nomination for Eisner Award at the category `` Best U.S. Edition of International Material -- Japan , '' but it lost to Tekkonkinkreet . A Japanese film adaptation was released in July 2009 . A thriller , MW follows a fictional Japanese priest , Father Garai , his lifelong connection to serial killer Michio Yuki , and a mysterious chemical weapon `` MW '' developed by the Occupying American Force in Japan . This manga series is notable because it can be seen as Tezuka 's response to the gekiga ( `` dramatic pictures '' ) artists who emerged in the 1960s and 70s , and as an attempt to surpass their work . The gekiga artists of this period created gritty , adult-oriented works that sharply contrasted to the softer , Disney-influenced style with which Tezuka was associated , a style that was seen as being out-of-step with the times . Also of note are the unapologetic and explicit homosexual relationships in the manga , back when they were still a novelty for the genre ." }, { "docid": "Sister_Outsider", "title": "", "text": "Sister Outsider : Essays and Speeches is a collection of essays and speeches by Audre Lorde , poet and feminist writer . The book is considered a classic volume of Lorde 's most influential works of non-fiction prose and has been groundbreaking and formative in the development of contemporary feminist theories . In fifteen essays and speeches dating from 1976 to 1984 , Lorde explores the complexities of intersectional identity , drawing from her personal experiences with oppression , including sexism , heterosexism , racism , homophobia , classism , and ageism . The book examines a broad range of topics , including love , war , imperialism , police brutality , coalition building , violence against women , Black feminism , and movements towards equality . Lorde 's distrust for and internalization of the widespread system of dominant values within the United States is apparent throughout the collection . The work is considered controversial as Lorde expresses unapologetic anger at the injustices of society . The essays in this collection are extensively taught and have become a popular subject of academic analysis . Lorde 's theorizing of oppressions as complex and interlocking within the collection are considered a significant contribution to critical social theory ." }, { "docid": "Nobody's_Business_(song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Nobody 's Business '' is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her seventh studio album Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . Co-written by Rihanna together with its producers Terius `` The-Dream '' Nash and Carlos `` Los '' McKinney , it features guest vocals by American singer Chris Brown . It is their third collaboration following the domestic violence case that happened between them in 2009 . `` Nobody 's Business '' is a disco-pop and R&B - funk song that mixes Chicago stepping and house styles and features strings , piano , and a four-on-the-floor kick drum . It contains interpolation of the 1987 single `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' by Michael Jackson . `` Nobody 's Business '' received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics with many of them labeling the song as standout on the album . Despite that , some journalists criticized Rihanna 's decision to collaborate with Brown again because of their former relationship and domestic violence case . Following the release of Unapologetic , as a result of the strong digital downloads , the song charted on multiple charts worldwide ; it peaked at number 36 on the French Singles Chart , number seven on the UK Singles R&B Chart , number 63 on the UK Singles Chart and number 39 on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs ." }, { "docid": "Phresh_Out_the_Runway", "title": "", "text": "`` Phresh Out the Runway '' ( also known as `` Fresh Off the Runway '' ) is a song recorded by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna for her seventh studio album Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . It was co-written by Rihanna with French disc-jockey David Guetta , Giorgio Tuinfort and Terius Nash . It is the first time that Rihanna and Guetta had collaborated since `` Who 's That Chick ? '' , released in November 2010 . `` Phresh Out the Runway '' is a hip hop and rave song that contains heavy synthesizers and bass . Lyrically , Rihanna explains how if any of her crew does not respect her , they should no longer remain with her . `` Phresh Out the Runway '' received positive reviews from music critics ; most of them praised the composition , production and how Rihanna interpreted the song . However , the lyrics were subjected to criticism . Rihanna performed the track at the Victoria 's Secret Fashion Show on November 7 , 2012 , along with the album 's lead single , `` Diamonds '' . `` Phresh Out the Runway '' was included on the set list of the 777 Tour promotional tour and the Diamonds World Tour . Upon the release of Unapologetic , the song debuted at number 35 on the UK R&B Chart and 177 on the UK Singles Chart . It also debuted on the US R&B Songs chart at number 21 ." }, { "docid": "Qiu_Miaojin", "title": "", "text": "Chiu Miao-Chin ( Qiu Miaojin ) ( ; May 29 , 1969 -- June 25 , 1995 ) was a Taiwanese novelist . Her unapologetically lesbian sensibility has had a profound and lasting influence on LGBT literature in Taiwan ." }, { "docid": "Manish_Malhotra", "title": "", "text": "Manish Malhotra is an Indian fashion designer . Manish Malhotra 's prolific career spanning 27 years has seen him redefine fashion for an entire generation of Indians . From his work with Hindi cinema 's influential leading-ladies to launching his eponymous label in 2005 , Manish Malhotra tells design stories in a language profuse with elegance , ultra-femininity and unapologetic glamour . 2016 was a milestone year for Manish Malhotra as it marked 26 years of his association with Hindi cinema as a designer and stylist and 11 years since the creation of the eponymous label . In 2013 , Manish Malhotra was the first designer to have opened the largest , Indian single-brand couture store sprawled over 9,000 sq.ft in Delhi . The following year , the label marked a turnover of over INR 1 Billion making it one of the first Indian luxury fashion houses to achieve this milestone ." }, { "docid": "West_12", "title": "", "text": "West 12 Shepherd 's Bush ( formerly the Concorde Centre ) is a shopping centre in Shepherd 's Bush in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham . The development borders the south side of Shepherd 's Bush Green and was designed in the 1960s in an unapologetically modern style ." }, { "docid": "Joaquín_Ramón_Herrera", "title": "", "text": "Joaquin Ramon Herrera ( born March 6 , 1969 Los Angeles , California ) is an American author , illustrator , blogger , photographer , and filmmaker . Herrera is the son of writer and two-term U.S. Poet Laureate Juan Felipe Herrera . From 2006 to 2016 , Herrera maintained and published The Unapologetic Mexican blog , under the pseudonym Nezua . The blog focused on Latino , ethnicity/race , and immigration issues through a Mexican American lens . During its run , The Unapologetic Mexican gained widespread notoriety and many accolades , such as José Merino of Mexico 's El Centro newspaper calling Herrera `` a brilliant and incisive writer , '' and journalist Glenn Greenwald declaring that Herrera 's site `` provides some of the most passionate , insightful , and provocative commentary on race , ethnicity , immigration and politics that can be found online . '' Due to the exposure gained by writing at The Unapologetic Mexican , Herrera was chosen to participate in events like Politicshome.com 's `` first-ever survey of the top 100 online voices and bloggers tracking trends and attitudes heading toward the 2008 Election Day '' in guessing the outcome of the presidential election polls in all 20 battleground states . ( Herrera successfully called 19 of 20 states , beating out Rob Schlesinger of US News and World Report , James Forsyth of The Spectator , and Chuck Todd of First Read , NBC . ) Many other opportunities arose from Herrera 's public writing , including being chosen as a panelist for The French-American Foundation 's international symposium on immigration in media : Ethnic Media in North America and Europe : A Comparative Approach , in Miami ( November , 2009 ) , and a speaker at Kirwan Institute ` s March 2010 event Transforming Race : Crisis and Opportunity in the age of Obama . Herrera was often sponsored to fly to such events to either speak on his style of blogging or to cover Latino or immigration-related topics . One high profile event was in 2008 , when Herrera was sponsored by Kenneth Cole Productions and CultureKitchen.net to attend the Democratic and Republican National Conventions as an officially credentialed blogger . Joaquín Ramón Herrera was also the writer , anchor , producer , and sole creative force behind News With Nezua ( 2008 - 2016 ) , a webisode eventually sponsored by different organizations throughout its tenure , including La Frontera Times , Reform Immigration for America , and Center for a New Community . News With Nezua was a valued voice in the online immigration , race , and Chicano dialogues , and many immigration-centric and Latino sites and blogs republished the episodes regularly ." }, { "docid": "Maestra_(book)", "title": "", "text": "Maestra is a 2016 erotic thriller novel by British author Lisa Hilton , writing under the penname of L.S. Hilton , and the first book in a trilogy . The book was first published in the United Kingdom on 10 March 2016 through Zaffre Publishing and was released in the United States on 19 April of the same year , through G.P. Putnam 's Sons , who also re-released Maestra in the UK . Maestra has received comparisons to E. L. James 's popular Fifty Shades trilogy , and Hilton received a three-book deal and a prospective film based on Maestra 's first draft . Sales for Maestra have been strong and the work has reached bestselling status in the United Kingdom . Of the book , Hilton has stated that `` My novel does n't set out to provoke , nor is it precisely a feminist polemic -- I merely attempted to write about a modern female character who is unapologetic about desire and who feels no shame or conflict about its fulfilment . ''" }, { "docid": "Pour_It_Up", "title": "", "text": "`` Pour It Up '' is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her seventh studio album , Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . It was serviced to urban radio stations in the United States on January 8 , 2013 , as the second US single , and third overall single from the album . It was later also sent to contemporary hit radio radios in the country . `` Pour It Up '' was co-written by Rock City and co-written and produced by Michael Williams and co-produced by J-Bo . It is a club and trap song with a minimal hip hop beat . Rihanna brags about her wealth , which serves as both a strip club anthem and a declaration of independence . `` Pour It Up '' received a mixed response from critics , some of whom cited it as a highlight on Unapologetic , whilst others felt it was out of place . Upon its release as a single in the US , `` Pour It Up '' debuted at number 90 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , on which it ultimately peaked at number 19 . It also became Rihanna 's second number one single on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay chart and reached number six on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . Rihanna performed the song on her fifth and sixth headlining tour , the Diamonds World Tour and Anti World Tour . The song 's official remix was released on March 20 , 2013 and features additional rap verses from Young Jeezy , T.I. , Rick Ross and Juicy J. Rihanna took pole-dancing lessons from Nicole Williams before the shooting of the music video ." }, { "docid": "Crashing_the_Party", "title": "", "text": "Crashing the Party is a 2002 book by Ralph Nader detailing his experiences running in the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election . It is told chronologically and in the first person . Nader maintains an unapologetic tone throughout the book and tells why he decided to run . He details many of the problems a third party encounters in a two-party system ." }, { "docid": "Kacem_El_Ghazzali", "title": "", "text": "Kacem El Ghazzali , ( born 24 June 1990 ) , is a secularist writer and activist and is one of the few Moroccans to publicly announce to be an atheist . Kacem speaks excellent English , as well as French , Arabic and Berber . Mostly known for his unapologetic atheism , his writings stress the importance of freedom of thought which lacks in the Islamic countries ." }, { "docid": "Secret_Shine", "title": "", "text": "Secret Shine are a British shoegazing band formed in the early 1990s , who were signed to Sarah Records . Although early releases with both Sarah and A Turntable Friend followed the more linear Sarah pop stylings , the 1992 release Untouched broke into unapologetic shoegazing territory , earning the band many comparisons with Slowdive and My Bloody Valentine ." }, { "docid": "Kieran_Suckling", "title": "", "text": "Kierán Suckling ( born 1964 ) is one of the founders , and executive director , of the Center for Biological Diversity ( Center ) , a nonprofit conservation group known for its innovative approaches to the protection of endangered species , wilderness , clean air and clean water . He has infused the traditionally staid environmental arena with an unusual degree of creative energy , leading the New Yorker to dub the Center `` the most important radical environmental group in the country '' and Suckling a `` trickster , philosopher , publicity hound , master strategist , and unapologetic pain in the ass . '' The LA Weekly calls the Center `` pound for pound , dollar for dollar , the most effective conservation organization in the country , '' and says of Suckling : `` Rimbaud reinvented poetry . Kierán Suckling would do the same with environmentalism . '' The Center , which has secured protection for over 500 endangered species and 450,000,000 acres ( 1,821,000 km2 ) of habitat in the U.S. has an excellent reputation for its scientific , litigation and media work among those in favor of environmental protection . It often comes under fire from logging , mining , pesticide , oil , coal and other industries . Suckling founded the Center for Biological Diversity while working on doctoral dissertation in 1989 along with Peter Galvin , Robin Silver and Todd Schulke . He served as executive director from 1998 to 2004 , policy director from 2005 to 2007 , and became executive director again in 2008 ." }, { "docid": "Elisha_Kriis", "title": "", "text": "Elisha Kriis is a model and film actress of Indian origin . She made her Hindi film debut with Wake Up India . She started her career as the host for India 's first international travel channel , Travelxp . Her shows have been filmed and televised in multiple countries across Europe , Middle East and Southeast Asia in Hindi , English and Arabic languages . She has also appeared in the Hindi action movie Zanjeer , Telugu movie Toofan and NDTV Goodtimes adventure sports documentary titled Kingfisher Blue Mile . Her upcoming films include BorderCross , starring Lorenzo Lamas and Danny Trejo , based on the subject of Human Trafficking , Body of Sin a drama thriller where she portrays the character of Erica Tate , an unapologetic con artist and in the movie Ink and Rain she will be seen playing a Cyborg fight handler in a comic fantasy fight arena . Her other upcoming work also includes The Recall starring Wesley Snipes and supporting role in the trading card comedy , Tournament starring Ricardo Chavira ." }, { "docid": "Charles_Bolster", "title": "", "text": "Judge Charles Stephen Bolster was a judge at the Middlesex Superior Court in East Cambridge , Massachusetts and a long-time resident of Bar Harbor , Maine who is best known for his involvement in the case of the Boston Strangler . Judge Bolster was a respected but undistinguished judge who was known to be unapologetically fair toward the defense despite being an arch-conservative in an extremely liberal state ." }, { "docid": "Donald_Soper,_Baron_Soper", "title": "", "text": "Donald Oliver Soper , Baron Soper ( 31 January 1903 -- 22 December 1998 ) was a prominent Methodist minister , socialist and pacifist . Historian Martin Wellings states : His combination of modernist theology , high sacramentalism , and Socialist politics , expressed with insouciant wit and unapologetic élan , thrilled audiences , delighted admirers , and reduced opponents to apoplectic fury ." }, { "docid": "Dispossessed_(band)", "title": "", "text": "Dispossessed are an Australian Avant-Garde metal band formed in 2015 . They sing in a mixture of English and Gumbaynggirr . They have been described as `` the most uncompromising , unapologetic and important band in Australia . After numerous sexual assault allegations were made towards the frontman and well known toy , Birrugan Dunn-Velasco , he has not been heard from since and the band has disbanded ." }, { "docid": "Gemma_Teller_Morrow", "title": "", "text": "Gemma Teller Morrow ( née Madock ) , is a fictional character on the FX television series Sons of Anarchy , played by Katey Sagal . Gemma is the widow of John Teller , wife of Clay Morrow and mother of Jax Teller . She is unapologetic about the lengths she 'll go to in order to protect the club , and is beloved by all of its members . She and Clay are arguably the series ' main antagonists ." } ]
86667	Andre Agassi is a golfer.	[ { "docid": "Andre_Agassi", "title": "", "text": "Andre Kirk Agassi ( -LSB- ˈɑːndreɪ_ˈæɡəsi -RSB- born April 29 , 1970 ) is an American retired professional tennis player and former World No. 1 who was one of the sport 's most dominant players from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s . Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time , Agassi has been called the greatest service returner in the history of the game . Described by the BBC upon his retirement as `` perhaps the biggest worldwide star in the sport 's history '' , Agassi compiled performances that , along with his unorthodox apparel and attitude , saw him cited as one of the most charismatic players in the history of the game . As a result , he is credited for helping to revive the popularity of tennis during the 1990s . In singles tennis , Agassi is an eight-time Grand Slam champion and a 1996 Olympic gold medalist , as well as finishing runner-up in seven other Grand Slam tournaments . During the Open Era , Agassi was the first male player to have won 4 Australian Open titles , a record that was later surpassed by Novak Djokovic when he won his 5th title on 2015 , and then by Roger Federer in 2017 . Agassi is one of five male singles players to achieve the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era and one of eight in history , the first of two to achieve the Career Golden Slam ( Career Grand Slam and Olympic Gold Medal , the other being Rafael Nadal ) , and the only man to win the Career Golden Slam and the ATP Tour World Championships ( won in 1990 ) : a distinction dubbed as a `` Career Super Slam '' by Sports Illustrated . Agassi was the first male player to win all four Grand Slam tournaments on three different surfaces ( hard , clay and grass ) , and the last American male to win both the French Open ( in 1999 ) and the Australian Open ( in 2003 ) . He also won 17 ATP Masters Series titles and was part of the winning Davis Cup teams in 1990 , 1992 and 1995 . Agassi reached the World No. 1 ranking for the first time in 1995 but was troubled by personal issues during the mid-to-late 1990s and sank to World No. 141 in 1997 , prompting many to believe that his career was over . Agassi returned to World No. 1 in 1999 and enjoyed the most successful run of his career over the next four years . During his 20-plus year tour career , Agassi was known by the nickname `` The Punisher '' . After suffering from sciatica caused by two bulging discs in his back , a spondylolisthesis ( vertebral displacement ) and a bone spur that interfered with the nerve , Agassi retired from professional tennis on September 3 , 2006 , after losing in the third round of the US Open to Benjamin Becker . He is the founder of the Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation , which has raised over $ 60 million for at-risk children in Southern Nevada . In 2001 , the Foundation opened the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy in Las Vegas , a K-12 public charter school for at-risk children . He has been married to fellow tennis player Steffi Graf since 2001 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Agassi", "title": "", "text": "Agassi is a surname most prevalent among ethnic groups in Iranian , such as Assyrians and Babylonian and Persian Jews . People with Agassi surname of Assyrian origins : Andre Agassi ( born 1970 ) , retired male tennis player from U.S.A Emmanuel B. `` Mike '' Agassi ( born 1930 ) , Assyrian-Armenian boxer from Iran ; father of Andre Agassi Carlos Agassi ( born 1979 ) , Iranian-Filipino rapper and model Evin Agassi , Assyrian singer People of Agassi surname of Jewish origins : Joseph Agassi ( born 1927 ) , Israeli academic Shai Agassi ( born 1968 ) , Israeli executive Shimon Agassi ( 1852 -- 1914 ) , Baghdadi rabbi" }, { "docid": "Emmanuel_Agassi", "title": "", "text": "Emanoul Aghassian , Anglicized as Emmanuel `` Mike '' Agassi ( born 25 December 1930 in Salmas , Iran ) , is a former boxer and the father and former coach of Andre Agassi . Born to Assyrian and Armenian parents ( however in his own words , his father was an Assyrian from Kiev and mother was a Turkish Armenian ) , he was raised in a Christian household in Tehran . One of his ancestors changed his surname from Agassian to Agassi to avoid ( unspecified ) ` persecution ' . Agassi was first exposed to tennis by American and British servicemen . He represented Iran as a boxer in the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics , losing in the first round both times . He followed his brother Samuel to Chicago in 1952 , and changed his name to `` Mike Agassi '' . Less than a month after graduating from Roosevelt University , he met Elizabeth Dudley through a mutual friend . They married at a Methodist church in Chicago 's North Side on August 19 , 1959 . When a friend offered Agassi a job at the Tropicana Hotel , the couple moved to Las Vegas , Nevada with their 2 year old daughter Rita and 8-day old son Phillip in October 1962 ; daughter Tamara ( Tami ) was born in 1969 , and Andre in 1970 . Agassi has described Rita , Phillip , and Tami as `` guinea pigs '' in the development of the methods he used to mold Andre into a world-class player . In 1984 , Rita , having rebelled against her father 's 5,000-balls-a-day-regimen , married Pancho Gonzales . In his autobiography Open , Andre recalled Mike and Steffi Graf 's father Peter nearly coming to blows arguing over whether Andre or Steffi had the superior backhand technique when Mike showed Peter the machine he built to fire tennis balls at Andre and his siblings . Mike Agassi 's autobiography The Agassi Story was published in 2004 ." }, { "docid": "Andre_Agassi_Tennis", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi Tennis is a tennis video game released in 1992 , starring tennis legend Andre Agassi . The game was released for the Super NES , Genesis , Master System and Game Gear . It enjoyed a much belated release for mobile phones ." }, { "docid": "Andre_Agassi_career_statistics", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of the main career statistics of former tennis player '' ` Andre Agassi ." }, { "docid": "2000_Colonial_Classic_–_Draw", "title": "", "text": "Thomas Enqvist was the defending champion , but lost in the semifinals to Andre Agassi . Andre Agassi won the final after receiving a walkover from Mark Philippoussis due to neck strain ." }, { "docid": "1990_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Boris Becker was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Andre Agassi . Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 2 in the final to win the Men 's Singles tennis title at the 1990 US Open . Sampras defeated Ivan Lendl in five sets in the quarterfinals , breaking Lendl 's record streak of eight consecutive men 's finals reached ." }, { "docid": "Agassi_Tennis_Generation", "title": "", "text": "Agassi Tennis Generation is a tennis sports game , developed by Aqua Pacific and published by DreamCatcher Interactive and Cryo Interactive for the PC , PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance . It was originally released for PC on August 12 , 2002 . The game features former tennis player Andre Agassi ." }, { "docid": "Gil_Reyes_(tennis)", "title": "", "text": "Gil Reyes ( born 1952 ) is an American fitness trainer who spent seventeen years as the strength and conditioning trainer for retired tennis player Andre Agassi , from 1989 until Agassi 's retirement in 2006 . He was also considered one of Agassi 's closest friends and confidants ." }, { "docid": "Shane_Bertsch", "title": "", "text": "Shane Thomas Bertsch ( born March 30 , 1970 ) is an American professional golfer who has played on the PGA Tour . Bertsch was born in Denver , Colorado . He turned professional in 1994 . Bertsch has won twice on the Nationwide Tour , once in 2000 and once in 2005 . His best PGA Tour finish was a tie for fifth at the 1996 Greater Vancouver Open . Bertsch was once a top-tier tennis player , but gave up the game for good after losing to future world number-one Andre Agassi in 1994 . Bertsch barely missed retaining full tour privileges for 2009 , finished 126th on the money list . He secured a tour card for 2010 by finishing 15th in qualifying school ." }, { "docid": "2002_Franklin_Templeton_Classic_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Francisco Clavet was the defending champion but lost in the first round to Andre Agassi . Agassi won in the final 6 -- 2 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 2 ) against Juan Balcells ." }, { "docid": "1994_CA-TennisTrophy_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Andre Agassi . Agassi won in the final 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 4 ) , 4 -- 6 , 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 3 against Michael Stich ." }, { "docid": "1999_French_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Carlos Moyà was the defending champion , but lost in the fourth round to Andre Agassi . Agassi won in the final , 1 -- 6 , 2 -- 6 , 6 -- 4 , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 4 , against former World No. 4 Andriy Medvedev . With this win , Agassi became the second man , after Rod Laver , to complete a career Grand Slam in the Open Era . This tournament was also the first Grand Slam in which future World No. 1 Roger Federer competed in the main draw ; he lost to Patrick Rafter in the first round ." }, { "docid": "1990_French_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Michael Chang was the defending champion , but he was defeated in the quarterfinals by nineteen-year-old Andre Agassi . Agassi went on to his first Grand Slam final , where he was defeated by Andrés Gómez , who was also playing in his first Grand Slam final , despite being the favourite . In Agassi 's opinion , as he states in his 2009 autobiography , his defeat in this final was partly due to issues with the wig he was wearing at the time . Gómez became the first Ecuadorian , male or female , to win a Grand Slam . This was his only Grand Slam title in singles ." }, { "docid": "2002_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion , but he was defeated in the semifinals by Andre Agassi . Pete Sampras won his final Grand Slam title in what was also his final Grand Slam appearance , defeating his rival Agassi in the final . It would also be his final ever appearance in any ATP tournament ." }, { "docid": "1991_French_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andres Gomez was the defending champion but did not compete that year . Jim Courier defeated Andre Agassi 3 -- 6 , 6 -- 4 , 2 -- 6 , 6 -- 1 , 6 -- 4 in the final to win the Men 's Singles tennis title at the 1991 French Open ." }, { "docid": "1999_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Pete Sampras was the two-time defending champion and won in the final 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 4 , 7 -- 5 against Andre Agassi . With this victory , Sampras equalled Roy Emerson 's record of twelve Grand Slam titles . Sampras ' victory over Agassi in the final is often cited as one of his greatest performances . However , despite his victory , he lost his No. 1 ranking to Agassi the following day , when the ATP Tour rankings were updated . This tournament is also notable as being the last Grand Slam former World No. 1 Boris Becker would partake in and the first Wimbledon appearance for future champions Lleyton Hewitt and Roger Federer ." }, { "docid": "1987_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Boris Becker was the two-time defending champion , but he lost to Peter Doohan in the second round . Pat Cash was the champion , defeating Ivan Lendl , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 5 ) , 6 -- 2 , 7 -- 5 . Andre Agassi made his first appearance in the main draw at Wimbledon . He lost in the first round to Henri Leconte . Agassi would refuse to compete in Wimbledon again until 1991 due to his disagreement with the dress code ." }, { "docid": "2000_Australian_Open", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Melbourne Park in Melbourne in Australia . It was the 88th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 17 through 30 January 2000 . Both Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Martina Hingis were unsuccessful in their title defences , both being defeated in the final matches by Andre Agassi and Lindsay Davenport , respectively . For Agassi , it was the second of four Australian Open titles , and for Davenport it was her final Grand Slam title ." }, { "docid": "2004_NASDAQ-100_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi was the three times defending champion but lost in the fourth round to Agustín Calleri . Agassi 's win over Max Mirnyi in the 3rd round was his record 20th consecutive win at the Miami Open . Andy Roddick won the final 6 -- 7 ( 2 -- 7 ) , 6 -- 3 , 6 -- 1 after Guillermo Coria was forced to retire . The third round match between Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer marks the first time they faced each other ." }, { "docid": "2010_Western_&_Southern_Financial_Group_Masters_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Roger Federer became the first player since Andre Agassi in 1996 to have successfully defended the title . He defeated Mardy Fish in the final 6 -- 7 ( 5 ) , 7 -- 6 ( 1 ) , 6 -- 4 . It was his 4th win at the event also winning in 2005 , 2007 , and 2009 . It was also Federer 's 17th Masters win putting him level with Agassi and his 63rd title putting him on par with Björn Borg ." }, { "docid": "2005_US_Open_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Roger Federer defeated Andre Agassi 6 -- 3 , 2 -- 6 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 1 ) , 6 -- 1 in the final to win the Men 's Singles tennis title at the 2005 US Open . This was the first US Open that future champions Novak Djokovic , Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka competed in the main draw . Noteworthy in this tournament was a strong performance by the American men , despite former champion and world # 1 Andy Roddick losing in the first round . Wildcard James Blake made the quarterfinal , upsetting # 2 Rafael Nadal in the third round before eventually losing to Agassi in a five-set match . Unheralded American Robby Ginepri , whose run was enhanced by Roddick 's early defeat , made it all the way to the semi-final and lost to Agassi in another five - setter ." }, { "docid": "2002_Mutua_Madrileña_Masters_Madrid_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi won the final on a walkover against Jiří Novák ." }, { "docid": "2000_US_Open_(tennis)", "title": "", "text": "The 2000 US Open was held between August 28 -- September 10 , 2000 . It was the final Grand Slam event of 2000 . Both Andre Agassi and Serena Williams were unsuccessful in their title defences ; Agassi being upset in the second round by Arnaud Clément and Williams losing in the quarter-finals to Lindsay Davenport . Marat Safin won his first US Open title and first of two Grand Slams , defeating Pete Sampras in the final , and Venus Williams defeated Davenport to win the women 's title ." }, { "docid": "ATP_Itaparica", "title": "", "text": "Known by various names , ATP Itaparica is a defunct men 's tennis tournament that was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit from 1986 to 1989 and the ATP Tour in 1990 . The event was held in Itaparica , Brazil and was played on outdoor hard courts . One Brazilian reached the final , Luiz Mattar in 1987 , when he was beaten by Andre Agassi . It was Agassi 's first win on the main ATP Tour . In 1990 , Mats Wilander won his final career tournament here . In 1991 the tournament was replaced by the ATP São Paulo ." }, { "docid": "1994_Paris_Open", "title": "", "text": "The 1994 Paris Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts . It was the 23rd edition of the Paris Masters , and is part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1995 ATP Tour . It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris , France , from 31 October to 7 November 1994 . Andre Agassi won the singles title . The singles draw was headlined by ATP No. 1 , Indian Wells , Key Biscayne , Rome , Wimbledon , U.S. Open titlist , Queen 's finalist , Australian Open semi-finalist Pete Sampras , Kitzubhel , Tokyo ( 1994 ATP Tokyo Indoor winner ) , Stockholm , Bucharest , Wimbledon runner-up , Paris defending champion Goran Ivanišević and Rotterdam ( 1994 ABN Amro World Tennis Tournament ) , Munich , Halle champion , 1993 Tennis Masters Cup winner Michael Stich . Other top seeds were French Open titlist and Monte Carlo finalist Sergi Bruguera , Doha winner , 1990 Paris champion Stefan Edberg , Boris Becker , Michael Chang and Andre Agassi ." }, { "docid": "1988_Volvo_International_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi won in the final 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 4 against Paul Annacone ." }, { "docid": "1991_ATP_Tour_World_Championships_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi was the defending champion , but Jim Courier defeated him in the semifinal ." }, { "docid": "1996_Sybase_Open_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi was the defending champion but lost in the final 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 3 against Pete Sampras ." }, { "docid": "1995_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_–_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Michael Chang was the defending champion but Andre Agassi defeated him in the final 7 -- 5 , 6 -- 2 ." }, { "docid": "1996_Lipton_Championships_–_Men's_Singles", "title": "", "text": "Andre Agassi was the defending champion and won the final 3 -- 0 after Goran Ivanišević was forced to retire ." } ]
26911	Liverpool F.C. was managed by Bill Shankly.	[ { "docid": "Bill_Shankly", "title": "", "text": "William Shankly , OBE ( 2 September 1913 -- 29 September 1981 ) was a Scottish football player and manager , who is best known for his time as manager of Liverpool . Shankly came from a small Scottish mining community as one of five brothers who played football professionally . He played as a ball-winning right-half and was capped twelve times for Scotland , including seven wartime internationals . He spent one season at Carlisle United before spending the rest of his career at Preston North End , with whom he won the FA Cup in 1938 . His playing career was interrupted by his service in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . He became a manager after he retired from playing in 1949 , returning to Carlisle United . He later managed Grimsby Town , Workington and Huddersfield Town before moving to become Liverpool manager in December 1959 . Shankly took charge of Liverpool when they were in the Second Division and rebuilt the team into a major force in English and European football . He led Liverpool to the Second Division Championship to gain promotion to the top-flight First Division in 1962 , before going on to win three First Division Championships , two FA Cups , four Charity Shields and one UEFA Cup . Shankly announced his surprise retirement from football a few weeks after Liverpool won the 1974 FA Cup Final , having managed the club for 15 years , and was succeeded by his long-time assistant Bob Paisley . He led the Liverpool team out for the last time at Wembley for the 1974 FA Charity Shield . He died seven years later at the age of 68 ." }, { "docid": "Liverpool_F.C.", "title": "", "text": "Liverpool Football Club ( -LSB- ˈlɪvərpuːl -RSB- ) is a professional association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside , England . They compete in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . The club has won 5 European Cups , 3 UEFA Cups , 3 UEFA Super Cups , 18 League titles , 7 FA Cups , a record 8 League Cups , and 15 FA Community Shields . The club was founded in 1892 and joined the Football League the following year . The club has played at Anfield since its formation . Liverpool established itself as a major force in both English and European football during the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley led the club to 11 League titles and seven European trophies . Under the management of Rafa Benítez and captained by Steven Gerrard Liverpool became European champion for the fifth time , winning the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final against Milan in spite of being 3 -- 0 down at half time . Liverpool was the ninth highest-earning football club in the world for 2014 -- 15 , with an annual revenue of $ 391 million , and the world 's eighth most valuable football club in 2016 , valued at $ 1.55 billion . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably the North West Derby against Manchester United and the Merseyside derby with Everton . The club 's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies . The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985 , where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall in the Heysel Stadium , with 39 people -- mostly Italians and Juventus fans -- dying , after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition . The second was the Hillsborough disaster in 1989 , where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing . The team changed from red shirts and white shorts to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has been used ever since . The club 's anthem is `` You 'll Never Walk Alone '' ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Spirit_of_Shankly", "title": "", "text": "Spirit Of Shankly ( SOS ) is an unofficial supporters union for fans of Liverpool F.C. . Named after former Liverpool manager Bill Shankly , although the union was formed in early 2008 by disgruntled fans opposed to the former Liverpool F.C. ownership of Tom Hicks and George N. Gillett , Jr. , it quickly developed into a cooperative representing its members ( and by implication other Liverpool F.C. supporters ) on a whole range of issues such as ticketing , travel and community and regeneration issues . Its ultimate aim is to seek fan ownership of LFC in the long term ." }, { "docid": "History_of_Liverpool_F.C.", "title": "", "text": "The history of Liverpool Football Club is divided into three periods : History of Liverpool F.C. ( 1892 -- 1959 ) -- The club were founded in 1892 following a split from Everton F.C. and joined the Football League in 1893 . The appointment of Tom Watson as manager resulted in the club 's first successful period , in which they won two League Championships . Two League Championships were won in the 1920s and a further one was won in 1947 . Following the club 's fortunes declined and they were relegated to the Second Division in 1954 . History of Liverpool F.C. ( 1959 -- 85 ) -- Bill Shankly was appointed as manager in 1959 and guided the club back into the First Division . Shankly 's arrival laid the foundations for the club 's success in the 1970s and 80s domestically and in European competition , as the club won numerous League Championships and four European Cups . History of Liverpool F.C. ( 1985 -- present ) -- Following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985 , English clubs were banned from European competitions until 1991 . The club was still successful domestically winning three League Championships during this period . The 1990s saw a lack of success for the club as they struggled to repeat their success in the Premier League era . The club reached former heights in 2005 when they won the UEFA Champions League ( formerly known as the European Cup ) for a fifth time . Category : Liverpool F.C. Liverpool F.C." }, { "docid": "1960–61_Liverpool_F.C._season", "title": "", "text": "In Liverpool F.C. seventh season in Division Two and Bill Shankly 's second season as manager and first full season at the club . The rebuilding of the club continued with them ending third in the table and being knocked out early in the FA Cup and the newly formed Football League Cup ." }, { "docid": "1973–74_Liverpool_F.C._season", "title": "", "text": "Liverpool F.C. won the FA Cup in Bill Shankly 's 14th and final season in charge . Announcing his retirement two months after winning 3-0 against Newcastle in the Final , Shankly was hailed by the fans as a hero , when heading into retirement . Kevin Keegan scored twice in the final , further confirming his status among the Liverpool faithful . However , the club 's second-place finished in the league saw them lose their defence of the league title to Leeds United ." }, { "docid": "1963–64_Liverpool_F.C._season", "title": "", "text": "Liverpool F.C. won its first championship title since 1946-47 , thanks to a spectacular performance in its only second season in the top flight , following a lengthy stay in the Second Division . Manager Bill Shankly was hailed for the success , which meant the Scot had turned Liverpool from an average team in the Second Division to league champions in a little more than four years . Roger Hunt scored 31 league goals , while partner Ian St John managed 21 and Alf Arrowsmith 15 , the trio being vital for the side that scored a club record 92 goals in the First Division ." }, { "docid": "Anfield", "title": "", "text": "Anfield is a football stadium in Anfield , Liverpool , England which has a seating capacity of 54,074 making it the sixth largest football stadium in England . It has been the home of Liverpool F.C. since their formation in 1892 . It was originally the home of Everton F.C. from 1884 to 1891 , before they moved to Goodison Park after a dispute with the club president . The stadium has four stands : the Spion Kop , Main Stand , The Centenary Stand ( later to be renamed The Kenny Dalglish Stand ) and Anfield Road . The record attendance of 61,905 , was set at a match between Liverpool and Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1952 . The ground converted to an all-seater stadium in 1994 as a result of the Taylor Report which greatly reduced its capacity . Two gates at the ground are named after former Liverpool managers : Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley . A statue of Shankly is situated outside the stadium . The ground is 2 mi from Liverpool Lime Street railway station . It was proposed in 2002 to replace the stadium with a new one in the adjacent Stanley Park , but after the acquisition of Liverpool F.C. by Fenway Sports Group in 2010 it was made clear this would not happen . Construction for an extension to the Main Stand began on 8 December 2014 . This extension increased the stadium capacity to 54,074 , making it one of the largest all-seater single stands in European football . There are future plans to expand the Anfield Road Stand which would bring the stadium size to around 59,000 ." }, { "docid": "1974–75_Liverpool_F.C._season", "title": "", "text": "Liverpool F.C. had a trophyless first season under the guidance of Bob Paisley , who took over as manager following the retirement of Bill Shankly after nearly 15 years at the helm . They did finish second in the First Division behind champions Derby County , in a record-tight season that saw the top ten teams separated by less than ten points . A defeat in the penultimate round against newcomers Middlesbrough cost Liverpool a ninth league title . It was during this season Liverpool Football Club only took 14 fans to Boleyn Ground stadium for a game against West Ham United ( a game which ended 0-0 ) . An article in the Liverpool Echo explained how Lawrenson 's Coaches had to cancel coaches a few days before as they had received no bookings . 5 ` specials ' were put on by railway services , however only one left the station . When it arrived at London for the game only 14 fans left the train to meet the escort . There has often been a debate about why this happened , some blame it being a mid-week game , others talk about it being a protest against how the club were treating Bill Shankly and others claim that the fans were intimidated by the hooligans of West Ham United . -LSB- 1 -RSB- It did however beat the club record for biggest victory , eclipsing Strømsgodset from Norway by 11-0 in the Cup Winners ' Cup ." }, { "docid": "History_of_Liverpool_F.C._(1959–85)", "title": "", "text": "The history of Liverpool Football Club from 1959 to 1985 covers the period from the appointment of Bill Shankly as manager of the then-Second Division club , to the Heysel Stadium disaster and its aftermath . Overhauling the team during his first year at Liverpool , Shankly released 24 players and converted a boot storage room into a meeting place where he and his coaches discussed strategy . The club won the Second Division title in 1961 -- 62 and were promoted to the First Division . Two seasons later , Liverpool won their first League championship since 1946 -- 47 , thereby qualifying for participation in European competition for the first time . The following season , Liverpool won their first FA Cup . Further League championships followed in 1965 -- 66 and 1972 -- 73 . 1973 saw them win their first European trophy -- the UEFA Cup . The following season was Shankly 's last , in which the club won the FA Cup once more . Shankly 's assistant Bob Paisley took over in 1974 ; his first season in charge saw Liverpool finish second , before winning the League championship and UEFA Cup the following season . Three European Cups and four League championships followed before Paisley retired at the end of 1982 -- 83 , to be replaced by his assistant , Joe Fagan . Liverpool won a treble of trophies during Fagan 's first season as manager , winning the League championship for the third year in succession , the Football League Cup for the fourth year in succession and a fourth European Cup . The following season , the club was involved in one of the worst disasters to occur at a football stadium . Before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final against Juventus , Liverpool fans breached a fence separating the two groups of supporters , and charged the Juventus fans . The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse , killing 39 fans , mostly Italians . The incident became known as the Heysel Stadium disaster and resulted in the expulsion of English clubs from European competition for five years ." }, { "docid": "History_of_Liverpool_F.C._(1892–1959)", "title": "", "text": "The history of Liverpool Football Club from 1892 to 1959 covers the period from the club 's foundation , through their first period of success from 1900 to the 1920s , to the appointment of Bill Shankly as manager . Liverpool Football Club was formed on 15 March 1892 following a disagreement between the directors of Everton Football Club and its president , John Houlding , who owned the club 's ground , Anfield . A dispute over rent resulted in Everton moving to Goodison Park , which left Houlding with an empty stadium . Thus , he founded Liverpool F.C. , and they joined the Lancashire League . After winning the league title in their first season , Liverpool were accepted into the Football League for the 1893 -- 94 season , following the resignations of Accrington and Bootle . The appointment of Tom Watson as the club 's manager in 1896 led to the club 's first period of sustained success . Liverpool consolidated their position in the Football League following promotion to the First Division , and won their first League championship in 1901 . A further championship followed in 1906 , and in 1914 the club reached their first FA Cup final , losing to Burnley . Watson died suddenly in 1915 of pneumonia after the outbreak of the First World War . The club won two further championships in 1922 and 1923 when football resumed after the war . An expansion to the Spion Kop terracing in the 1920s increased Anfield 's capacity . Liverpool 's fortunes declined during the inter-war years , when the club often finished in midtable . Liverpool became League champions again in 1947 , in the first season after the Second World War , but following a slow downturn in performance the club was relegated to the Second Division in 1954 . By the time of Shankly 's appointment in 1959 , Liverpool had been in the Second Division for five seasons ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Carlisle_United_F.C._managers", "title": "", "text": "Carlisle United have had over 40 managers since the club was founded in 1904 . Amongst others they include Bill Shankly , a former United player who went on to make Liverpool Football League champions three times , Alan Ashman , who took Carlisle to the top of The Football League and Michael Knighton who in 1997 infamously took over the management role while he was chairman ." }, { "docid": "1965–66_Liverpool_F.C._season", "title": "", "text": "Liverpool F.C. won its seventh league title , tying Arsenal 's record . In the competitive Football League First Division , Liverpool breezed to the championship victory with a six-point cushion to Leeds and Burnley . Roger Hunt scored 30 league goals , which earned him a place in the England squad for the World Cup , where he became the first player to win the World Cup representing Liverpool . It was not until 44 years later that Fernando Torres played an active part in the Spanish team winning the World Cup as a Liverpool player . The season also saw Liverpool reaching its first European final , that of the Cup Winners Cup , losing 2-1 to West German side Borussia Dortmund at Hampden Park in Glasgow , a severe blow to manager Bill Shankly , who had hoped to win his first European trophy in his native Scotland . The club permanently adopted an all red strip at the start of this season ." }, { "docid": "Bob_Paisley", "title": "", "text": "th : บ๊อบ เพสลีย์ Robert `` Bob '' Paisley OBE ( 23 January 1919 -- 14 February 1996 ) was an English footballer and manager who spent almost fifty years with Liverpool as a wing half , physiotherapist , coach and manager . Due to his achievements as Liverpool manager , Paisley is one of the most successful English football managers of all time . Paisley and Carlo Ancelotti are the only managers to have won the European Cup three times . During his nine-year tenure as Liverpool manager , Paisley won honours at a rate of 2.2 per season , a rate surpassed only by Pep Guardiola . He is one of five managers to have won the English top-flight championship as both player and manager at the same club , the others being Bill Nicholson ( Tottenham Hotspur ) , Howard Kendall ( Everton ) , George Graham ( Arsenal ) and Kenny Dalglish ( Liverpool ) , the latter as player/manager . Paisley came from a small Durham mining community and , in his youth , played for Bishop Auckland before he signed for Liverpool in 1939 . During the Second World War , he served in the British Army and could not make his Liverpool debut until 1946 . In the 1946 -- 47 season , he was a member of the Liverpool team that won the First Division title for the first time in 24 years . In 1951 , he was made club captain and remained with Liverpool until he retired from playing in 1954 . He stayed with Liverpool and took on two roles as reserve team coach and club physiotherapist . By this time , Liverpool had been relegated to the Second Division and their facilities were in decline . In December 1959 , Bill Shankly was appointed Liverpool manager and he promoted Paisley to work alongside him as his assistant in a management/coaching team that included Joe Fagan and Reuben Bennett . Under their leadership , the fortunes of Liverpool turned around dramatically and , in the 1961 -- 62 season , the team gained promotion back to the First Division . Paisley filled an important role as tactician under Shankly 's leadership and the team won numerous honours during the next twelve seasons . In 1974 , Shankly retired as manager and , despite Paisley 's own initial reluctance , he was appointed as Shankly 's successor . He went on to lead Liverpool through a period of domestic and European dominance , winning twenty honours in nine seasons : six League Championships , three League Cups , six Charity Shields , three European Cups , one UEFA Cup and one UEFA Super Cup . At the time of his retirement , he had won the Manager of the Year Award a record six times . He retired from management in 1983 and was succeeded by Joe Fagan . He died in 1996 , aged 77 , after suffering from Alzheimer 's disease for several years ." }, { "docid": "1961–62_Liverpool_F.C._season", "title": "", "text": "The 1961-62 season in English football was an important season in the history of Liverpool football club . They finished the season as Second Division champions and sealed promotion to the First Division under the management of Bill Shankly , who had been in charge since December 1959 . Their top scorer was centre-forward Roger Hunt , who scored 41 goals in the league and 42 in all competitions . They also reached the fifth round of the FA Cup . The signings of Ron Yeats and Ian St. John in the close season would also be influential in their championship , and would become part of the team for the rest of the decade ." }, { "docid": "Ronnie_Moran", "title": "", "text": "Ronnie Moran ( 28 February 1934 -- 22 March 2017 ) was a Liverpool F.C. captain and coach who twice served as caretaker manager in the early 1990s . Having spent his entire playing career at the club , he then became a member of the Boot Room coaching staff with Bill Shankly , Bob Paisley , Joe Fagan and Reuben Bennett , and was the club 's longest-serving employee when he retired in 1998 . Moran died on 22 March 2017 , at the age of 83 ." }, { "docid": "1968–69_Liverpool_F.C._season", "title": "", "text": "Liverpool F.C. came close to a record eighth league title , but fell short to the sensational consistency of Don Revie 's Leeds United and would have won the title in the previous two seasons , and picked up the same points that they won their seventh title in 1965-66 . An early exit in the Fairs Cup , losing on coin toss to Athletic Bilbao in the opening round was the main disappointment , meaning that Bill Shankly was yet to lead the club to a European trophy . In both the League Cup and FA Cup they would be knocked out by the eventual runners-up in both tournaments ." }, { "docid": "Bob_Shankly", "title": "", "text": "Robert `` Bob '' Shankly ( 25 February 1910 -- May 1982 ) was a professional football player and manager from the village of Glenbuck in Ayrshire , Scotland . Shankly was one of five brothers who all played football professionally , including Bill who would become a Scottish international and manager of Liverpool . Bob began his career with junior club Auchinleck before moving to the local club Glenbuck Cherrypickers . He then moved into the senior ranks with Alloa Athletic after being turned down by Ayr United , despite scoring a hat-trick of goals in a trial match . Shankly then played for English non-league team Tunbridge . He later played for Falkirk , although he had signed for Falkirk whilst unaware that Preston North End ( where his brother Bill was then playing ) wanted to sign him . Like many working class men from Ayrshire at the time , he began working life as a miner ( as did all his brothers ) , combining this job with football on a part-time basis . He married in 1936 and had two children , John ( who became a civil engineer , but was offered the chance to become a professional footballer himself ) and Margaret . It was as a football club manager that Bob Shankly made his name . After retiring from playing he had a spell as a coach of Stenhousemuir before managing Falkirk , Third Lanark , Dundee , Hibernian and Stirling Albion , where he eventually became a director . Whilst manager of Dundee , he managed to guide his club to victory in the Scottish Football League championship of 1961 -- 62 , three points ahead of Rangers and to date the only time Dundee have won the league title . The following season , he guided Dundee to the semi-finals of the European Champions Cup , where they were defeated 5 -- 2 on aggregate by AC Milan . Craig Brown later compared Shankly 's achievements with Walter Smith , Jock Stein , Alex Ferguson and Jim McLean . Dundee made it to the 1964 Scottish Cup Final , but a Scottish Cup defeat by St Johnstone the following season prompted his departure . Shankly resigned from Dundee in February 1965 to succeed Jock Stein as manager of Hibernian . Hibs reached a League Cup Final in April 1969 , but lost heavily to Stein 's Celtic . He temporarily retired and left Hibs later in 1969 . He returned to football management with Stirling Albion , then became their general manager and a club director . He survived a major car accident in 1975 , in which he , Jock Stein and another friend were seriously injured . Bob died from a heart attack at an SFA meeting in 1982 . He was 72 years old , and his death came just one year after that of his younger brother Bill , who had also died from a heart attack . A stand at Dens Park is named in Shankly 's honour and he is a member of the Dundee hall of fame ." }, { "docid": "Red_or_Dead_(novel)", "title": "", "text": "Red or Dead is a novel by British author David Peace . It details Bill Shankly 's period as manager of Liverpool football club from his appointment in 1959 to his unexpected resignation in 1974 . The novel was shortlisted for the inaugural Goldsmiths Prize ( 2013 ) ." }, { "docid": "Larry_Lloyd", "title": "", "text": "Laurence Valentine Lloyd ( born 6 October 1948 ) is a retired footballer and former league manager , a burly and tough central defender who won honours for both Bill Shankly 's Liverpool and Brian Clough 's Nottingham Forest , both highly successful sides of the 1970s ." }, { "docid": "Joe_Fagan", "title": "", "text": "th : โจ เฟแกน Joseph `` Joe '' Fagan ( 12 March 1921 -- 30 June 2001 ) was an English footballer and manager . He played for Manchester City in the Football League First Division as a wing half and came close to gaining international honours . As his playing career came to an end , he decided to become a coach and worked at clubs in lower leagues before getting the chance to join Liverpool in 1958 . From December 1959 , he worked with Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley and was highly successful in his coaching of the club 's reserve team , being mainly responsible for the development of future star players like Roger Hunt , Ian Callaghan and Tommy Smith . After Shankly retired in 1974 , Fagan became assistant manager to Paisley and finally manager himself when Paisley retired in 1983 . In his first season , Fagan achieved an unprecedented `` treble '' as Liverpool won the European Cup , the League Championship and the League Cup . He had decided to retire at the end of his second season but his final match in charge was the 1985 European Cup Final which was the scene of the Heysel Stadium disaster , an event that caused him great distress . Fagan was an uncomplicated man who believed in the simplicity of football , a devoted family man who preferred to just get on with his job and shun the limelight . He was one of the most respected figures in the game . He and his family lived in the same house not far from Anfield throughout his Liverpool career and afterwards . He died of cancer in 2001 , aged eighty ." }, { "docid": "1974_FA_Cup_Final", "title": "", "text": "The 1974 FA Cup Final was an association football match between Liverpool and Newcastle United on Saturday , 4 May 1974 at Wembley Stadium , London . It was the final match of the 1973 -- 74 FA Cup , the 93rd season of England 's primary cup competition , the Football Association Challenge Cup , better known as the FA Cup . Liverpool were appearing in their fifth final and Newcastle in their eleventh , which was a record at the time . Liverpool had won the FA Cup once , in 1965 , and Newcastle six times , most recently in 1955 . Both teams entered the competition in the third round . Liverpool and Newcastle had scares in the third and fourth rounds , in all cases drawing home ties against much smaller clubs and then winning the replays . Both had good wins in the fifth round and Liverpool won away in the sixth ( quarter-final ) round . Newcastle 's sixth round home tie against Nottingham Forest was declared void after a riot on the field by Newcastle fans when their team was losing 1 -- 3 . The game was delayed until order was restored and Newcastle won it 4 -- 3 . Forest made a written protest to the Football Association ( the FA ) and Newcastle were very close to being disqualified from the competition . The FA relented and ordered that the match must be replayed at a neutral venue . Two replays were needed before Newcastle won through . In the semi-finals , Newcastle defeated Burnley 2 -- 0 at Hillsborough and Liverpool defeated Leicester City 3 -- 1 in a replay at Villa Park , following a 0 -- 0 draw at Old Trafford . The final , televised live , was watched by a crowd of 100,000 and Liverpool won a one-sided match 3 -- 0 with goals from Kevin Keegan ( 2 ) and Steve Heighway . After the third goal , BBC commentator David Coleman said that Newcastle 's defence had been `` stripped naked '' by Liverpool . When the score was 0 -- 0 , Liverpool left back Alec Lindsay had a goal disallowed for offside , but replays later showed that the final pass to Lindsay came from a Newcastle defender and therefore the goal should have stood . Liverpool won the FA Cup for the second time . The team managers Bill Shankly ( Liverpool ) and Joe Harvey ( Newcastle ) sat next to each other all through the match . It was Shankly 's last game in charge of Liverpool as he retired in July and was succeeded by coach Bob Paisley -- though Shankly led the team out for the Charity Shield match in August . Harvey retired at the end of the 1974 -- 75 season . Two Newcastle players , Terry McDermott and Alan Kennedy , became Liverpool players in later years and both scored goals for Liverpool in European Cup finals . Kevin Keegan joined Newcastle as a player in 1982 and was their manager in the 1990s ." }, { "docid": "Chic_Murray", "title": "", "text": "Charles Thomas McKinnon `` Chic '' Murray ( 6 November 1919 -- 29 January 1985 ) , was a Scottish comedian and actor . He appeared in various roles on British television and film -- most notably in the 1967 version of Casino Royale -- and portrayed Liverpool Football Club manager Bill Shankly in a musical . In 2005 , he was named in The Comedian 's Comedian ." }, { "docid": "Tommy_Smith_(footballer,_born_1945)", "title": "", "text": "Thomas `` Tommy '' Smith MBE ( born 5 April 1945 ) is an ex-England international footballer who played as a defender at Liverpool for 16 years from 1962 to 1978 . Known for his uncompromising defensive style , manager Bill Shankly once said of him : `` Tommy Smith was n't born , he was quarried '' ." }, { "docid": "Jimmy_Harrower_(footballer,_born_1935)", "title": "", "text": "James `` Jimmy '' Harrower ( 18 August 1935 -- 28 November 2006 ) was a Scottish professional football player . Born in Alva , Clackmannanshire , Harrower played junior football for Sauchie , Kilsyth Rangers and Bo ` ness United before starting his senior career with Hibernian . Liverpool manager Phil Taylor signed him for # 11,000 . He made his Liverpool debut on 11 January 1958 in a 2nd Division match at Anfield , Fulham were the visitors as Liverpool took the points with a 2 -- 1 victory . The attacking midfielder scored his first goal on 28 March , as Liverpool beat Ipswich Town 3 -- 1 . Harrower was a player with a knack of pulling off amazing trickery with the ball , but like so many players with this ability he lacked the consistency required to play at the highest level ; in fact he used to irritate the Anfield crowd who knew what he could do but never saw enough of it . His best season at Liverpool was his first full season 1958 -- 59 : he missed just 5 matches and scored 6 goals . Unfortunately for James , the manager who signed him , Taylor , left the club at the end of the campaign and his replacement Bill Shankly decided that change was needed . James was vying for the inside-left position with Jimmy Melia , but midway through the campaign Shankly decided that Melia was the man for the job . Melia kept the position the following season and the future looked bleak for Harrower in a red shirt ; in the March 1961 he was on his way , moving to Newcastle United . He spent a year on Tyneside playing just 6 games , he then moved back to Scotland joining Falkirk . He also played for St Johnstone , Albion Rovers and Alloa Athletic . Harrower also represented Scotland at Under-23 level ." }, { "docid": "1972–73_Liverpool_F.C._season", "title": "", "text": "After seven years of not winning any trophies Liverpool F.C. won both the Football League and the UEFA Cup in an extremely successful season , the highlight of Bill Shankly 's managerial career . The rebuilding of the team from the one that served so well in the 1960s that had been fully realised . The league which they came so close to winning the year before , had finally been conquered by winning the title by three points from Arsenal . The signing of Peter Cormack from Nottingham Forest during the summer of 1972 would also be another great signing . The UEFA Cup would also be the beginning of their dominance of regularly winning European trophies as well . Overcoming the previous season 's winners Tottenham Hotspur in the Semi-Finals and over a two legged final overcoming Borussia Mönchengladbach three-two on aggregate . The emergence of Kevin Keegan and Ray Clemence in the team would also see them start their international careers , with them both making their England debuts in the World Cup qualifier against Wales on 15 November 1972 alongside Emlyn Hughes already established in the England team ." }, { "docid": "1970–71_Liverpool_F.C._season", "title": "", "text": "The rebuilding of Liverpool F.C. continued into 1970-71 as many of the side who came in the previous season , began to make their presence felt with the club . Although they had finished fifth in the football league Ray Clemence , Larry Lloyd and Alec Lindsay all beginning to emerge in their second season of first team action . Two players who would figure well into the seventies would be Steve Heighway who joined from Skelmersdale United in May 1970 and became a regular in his full season with the club . John Toshack was bought from Cardiff City in November 1970 for # 110,000 , and became an instant hero by scoring in the Merseyside derby versus Everton F.C. a few weeks later . The rebuilding of the side from the 1960s was beginning to take shape and although they finished fifth in the First Division it seemed that Bill Shankly would be emerging with a team that would be challenging for major trophies in the next few years . One signing which took place a few days before they finished runners-up in the FA Cup Final was the signing of Kevin Keegan from Scunthorpe United for # 35,000 . However the team showed that the future would look promising by losing in the FA Cup Final to Arsenal and losing on aggregate one-nil in the Semi-Finals to Leeds united who end up being the eventual and last winners of the Fairs Cup ." }, { "docid": "Sammy_Reid", "title": "", "text": "Samuel Reid ( 13 October 1939 -- 9 November 2014 ) was a Scottish footballer who played as an inside forward . He scored the winning goal for Berwick Rangers in their 1966 -- 67 Scottish Cup victory against Rangers , in what is rated as one of the greatest shocks in the history of Scottish football . Reid also played for Motherwell , Falkirk , Clyde and Dumbarton . He was Bill Shankly 's first signing as Liverpool manager , but Reid never played a first-team game for the Anfield club ." }, { "docid": "Tom_Saunders", "title": "", "text": "Tom Saunders ( 1921 - July 8 , 2001 ) was a famed figure in Bill Shankly 's Boot Room organisation at Liverpool FC , and served 30 years with the club ." }, { "docid": "1974_FA_Charity_Shield", "title": "", "text": "The 1974 FA Charity Shield was the 52nd FA Charity Shield , an annual English association football match played between the winners of the previous season 's Football League First Division and FA Cup . The match was contested by Leeds United , the champions of the 1973 -- 74 Football League First Division , and Liverpool , the 1973 -- 74 FA Cup winners . It was held at Wembley Stadium on 10 August 1974 . Watched by a crowd of 67,000 and televised ( although not live as has often been claimed ) , the match ended in a 1 -- 1 draw and was decided by a penalty shoot-out which was won 6 -- 5 by Liverpool . The game was the first in which Bob Paisley and Brian Clough managed Liverpool and Leeds respectively . In recognition of his services to the club , Liverpool asked their retired manager Bill Shankly to lead the team out onto the field . The match is mostly remembered for Billy Bremner and Kevin Keegan being jointly dismissed from the field by referee Bob Matthewson in the 60th minute after they had a fight . Keegan , who claimed provocation , was furious about being sent off and threw his shirt away . Bremner copied him and the two players were afterwards charged with bringing football into disrepute . The FA Disciplinary Committee imposed tough punishments but were themselves heavily criticised by people in football who doubted their competence ." }, { "docid": "Alun_Evans", "title": "", "text": "Alun William Evans ( born 30 April 1949 ) is an English former footballer who made his name as a centre forward in the Liverpool side rebuilt by Bill Shankly at the start of the 1970s . He was born in Kidderminster , Worcestershire ." }, { "docid": "Alan_Waddle", "title": "", "text": "Alan Waddle ( born 9 June 1954 ) is an English former footballer who played as a striker . Waddle began his career with Halifax Town , signing professional forms in October 1971 . He made 22 League appearances and scored the crucial goal in the last match of the 1972-73 season at Walsall enabling Halifax Town to avoid relegation from the old Third Division . In June 1973 Waddle was signed by Liverpool manager Bill Shankly and netted his only goal for the Reds in a 1-0 win over rivals Everton in December 1973 . Waddle made 22 appearances for the club but he lost his place in 1975 , and only played one game in his remaining two years , although he did make it onto the bench for the 1977 European Cup Final , before leaving that summer . He spent a year at Leicester City before moving on to Swansea City , where he had his most productive spell , working under manager John Toshack , the player he had understudied at Liverpool . In December 1980 Waddle joined Newport County for a fee of # 80,000 , a club record for Newport . He went on to have a much-travelled career , which included two returns to Swansea ( one as commercial operations manager ) , and spells in Finland , Hong Kong and Qatar ." } ]
25834	Bangladesh is a founding member of nationalism.	[ { "docid": "Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "Bangladesh ( -LSB- bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- ˌbɑːŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- : bn : বাংলাদেশ , বাংলাদেশ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ -RSB- , lit . `` The country of Bengal '' ) , officially the People 's Republic of Bangladesh , is a country in South Asia . It shares land borders with India and Myanmar ( Burma ) . Nepal , Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it . The country 's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area . Bangladesh is the world 's eighth most populous country . Dhaka is its capital and largest city , followed by Chittagong , which has the country 's largest port . Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region . Bangladeshis include people of different ethnic groups and religions . Bengalis , who speak the official Bengali language , make up 98 % of the population . The politically dominant Bengali Muslims make the nation the world 's third largest Muslim-majority country . Most of Bangladesh is covered by the Bengal delta , the largest delta on Earth . The country has 700 rivers and 8,046 km ( 5,000 miles ) of inland waterways . Highlands with evergreen forests are found in the northeastern and southeastern regions of the country . Bangladesh has many islands and a coral reef . It is home to the Sundarbans , the largest mangrove forest in the world . The country 's biodiversity includes a vast array of plant and wildlife , including critically endangered Bengal tigers , the national animal . The Greeks and Romans identified the region as Gangaridai , a powerful kingdom of the historical subcontinent , in the 3rd century BCE . Archaeological research has unearthed several ancient cities in Bangladesh , which had international trade links for millennia . The Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal transformed the region into a cosmopolitan Islamic imperial power between the 14th and 18th centuries . The region was home to many principalities that had inland naval prowess . It was also a notable center of the worldwide muslin and silk trade . As part of British India , the region was influenced by the Bengali renaissance and played an important role in anti-colonial movements . The Partition of British India made East Bengal a part of the Dominion of Pakistan ; and was renamed as East Pakistan . The region witnessed the Bengali Language Movement in 1952 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 . After independence , a parliamentary republic was established . A presidential government was in place between 1975 and 1990 , followed by a return to parliamentary democracy . The country has also been affected by poverty , natural disasters , hunger , dominant party systems and military coups . Bangladesh is a middle power and a major developing nation . Within South Asia , the country ranks first in gender equality , second in foreign exchange earnings and third in life expectancy and peacefulness . Listed as one of the Next Eleven , its economy ranks 46th in terms of nominal gross domestic product ( GDP ) and 29th in terms of purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . It is one of the largest textile exporters in the world . Its major trading partners are the European Union , the United States , China , India , Japan , Malaysia and Singapore . With its strategically vital location between Southern , Eastern and Southeast Asia , Bangladesh is an important promoter of regional connectivity and cooperation . It is a founding member of SAARC , BIMSTEC , the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation and the Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative . It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Developing 8 Countries , the OIC , the Non Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 and the World Trade Organization . Bangladesh is one of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping forces ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Bangladesh_national_football_team", "title": "", "text": "The Bangladesh national football team is the national team of Bangladesh controlled by the Bangladesh Football Federation . It is a member of the Asian Football Confederation , and became a member of FIFA in 1974 even though the Bangladesh Football Federation was first founded in 1972 . Bangladesh was elected as member in the AFC Executive Committee 1982 -- 86 and 1998 -- 02 . The current Executive Committee was elected democratically , under an AFC approved constitution and direct supervision of FIFA & AFC , in April 2008 . Bangladesh 's national team debuted in 1973 and has yet to qualify for the World Cup finals . They were dismissed in the first round of their only Asian Cup appearance to date in 1980 , and the 1986 FIFA World Cup qualifiers . But the nation 's best results came at South Asian level where it won the SAFF Championship once and were gold medalists in South Asian Games twice . As is the case elsewhere on the subcontinent , top-level football in Bangladesh is played somewhere in the shadow of the country 's national cricket team . It was one of Southern Asia 's leading team in the 2000s ." }, { "docid": "National_Council_of_Churches_in_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "The National Council of Churches in Bangladesh is a Christian ecumenical organization founded in Bangladesh in 1949 as the East Pakistan Christian Council . It is a member of the World Council of Churches and the Christian Conference of Asia ." }, { "docid": "Abu_Taher_(banker)", "title": "", "text": "Abu Taher Miah ( c. 1932 -- 23 September 2004 ) was an industrialist and politician in Bangladesh . Miah was a founding member , Sponsor Director , and Chairman of the first private bank in Bangladesh fully owned by Bangladeshi entrepreneurs , National Bank Ltd , and a chairman and managing director of Orion Ltd , Universal Machinery Pvt Ltd , and Mohammad Basir & Co Pvt. He was also a social worker and philanthropist . He served in the Jatiya Sangsad , the national parliament of Bangladesh , as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party member for Comilla-7 ( Barura ) ." }, { "docid": "Bangladesh_Scouts", "title": "", "text": "The Bangladesh Scouts is the national Scouting organization of Bangladesh . Scouting was founded in 1914 in East Bengal now Bangladesh as part of the British Indian branch of The Scout Association , and continued as part of the Pakistan Boy Scouts Association until the country 's divided sections split in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War . Following its independence , in 1972 , the Bangladesh Boy Scout Association was officially formed as successor of the Pakistan Boy Scouts Association . Bangladesh became an independent member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1974 . The organization changed its name to `` Bangladesh Scouts '' in 1978 . The organization has 1,474,460 members as of 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Bangladesh_Football_Federation", "title": "", "text": "Bangladesh Football Federation or BFF is the governing body of football in Bangladesh . The organisation which manages the game of association football in Bangladesh . It administers the running of Bangladesh national football team and Bangladesh women 's national football team including oversees all aspects of the country 's football . BFF controls Bangladesh Premier League and premier domestic club competition , in addition to various other competitions and teams . BFF was one of founding members of South Asian Football Federation . It is based at BFF Bhaban , Motijheel , Dhaka ." }, { "docid": "Sylhet_Presbyterian_Synod", "title": "", "text": "The Sylhet Presbyterian Synod was founded by Welsh missionaries in 1905 . It has its roots in Greater Sylhet District , which was located in northeastern Bangladesh . When Bangladesh separated , it was cut off from Northeastern India , the parent body . Members belong to the minority groups like Khasi , Garo and Santal . It consist of four presbyteries and one synod . It maintains schools , outreach programs and women 's program . In 2004 , the denomination had 7,276 members and 87 congregations and 38 house fellowships . There are no women ordination . A member of the National Christian Fellowship of Bangladesh ." }, { "docid": "Rafiquddin_Ahmad", "title": "", "text": "Dr. Rafiquddin Ahmad ( March 1 , 1932 - September 13 , 2013 ) was chairman of Bangladesh Engineering and Shipbuilding Corporation . Throughout his career he was the founding chairman of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation ( BCIC ) , was founding director of ICTVTR , now IUT ( Islamic University of Technology , Gazipur ) , was founding member of The Institute of Engineers , Bangladesh and former Chairman of Bangladesh Steel and Engineering Corporation ( BSEC ) . Dr. Rafiquddin Ahmad obtained his PhD from UK in 1960 and became a teacher of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology ( BUET ) . He was also a key member in establishing Eastern Cables , the first exported item from Bangladesh to west Europe ." }, { "docid": "Chowdhury_Tanbir_Ahmed_Siddiky", "title": "", "text": "Chowdhury Tanbir Ahmed Siddiky ( also spelled Chowdhury Tanvir Ahmed Siddiky ) is a Bangladeshi politician . He is one of the founding members of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party ( BNP ) . He served as the State Minister for Commerce in the cabinet of President Ziaur Rahman and President Abdus Sattar . He served as the senior-most member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party 's ( BNP ) highest decision making body , the National Standing Committee , until he was expelled from the party in March 2009 . He had previously served as the president of FBCCI , the body that regulates businessmen in Bangladesh , in 1979 and DCCI in ' 76 -- ' 78 ." }, { "docid": "27th_Bangladesh_National_Film_Awards", "title": "", "text": "The 27th National Film Awards , presented by Ministry of Information , Bangladesh to felicitate the best of Bangladeshi Cinema released in the year 2002 . Bangladesh National Film Awards is a film award ceremony in Bangladesh established in 1975 by Government of Bangladesh . Every year , a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry , and the award ceremony is held in Dhaka.An eleven-member jury board chaired by the additional secretary of the Ministry of Information selected the winners in different categories . A 12-member jury board headed by Sadeq Khan , Chairman of Board of Directors , Press Institute of Bangladesh suggested the name of 17 artistes for the National Film Award in recognition of their outstanding contributions to the country 's film industry ." }, { "docid": "United_Communist_League_of_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "The United Communist League of Bangladesh is a political party in Bangladesh , founded in April 2013 through the merger conference of the Communist League of Bangladesh and the Workers Party of Bangladesh ( reconstituted ) held in Dhaka . Mosharraf Hossain Nannu is the general secretary of the party , Abdus Satter , Azizur Rahman , Ranjit Chattapadhya and Afsar Ali serve as secretariat members . The founding conference elected a 19-member Central Committee . The party is aligned with the Democratic Left Alliance ." }, { "docid": "Bangladesh–Pakistan_relations", "title": "", "text": "Bangladesh and Pakistan are South Asian countries . Following the end of the British Raj , the two countries formed a single state for 24 years . The Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the secular democratic republic of Bangladesh . Pakistan ( formerly West Pakistan ) recognized Bangladesh in 1974 after pressure from across the Muslim world . Bangladesh continues to call on Pakistan to acknowledge the 1971 Bangladesh Genocide and apologize for crimes against humanity . The execution of a Jamaat-e-Islami leader in 2013 was opposed in Pakistan and led to strained ties . In 2015 , two officials of the Pakistani High Commission , visa officer Mazhar Khan and second secretary Farina Arshad , were named by banned Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh operatives as having financed terrorist activities . In January 2016 , Islamabad had asked Dhaka to recall senior diplomat Moushumi Rahman from its high commission in Islamabad within 72 hours . Diplomatic sources in Islamabad told the media that Rahman was indulged in ` anti-state activities in Pakistan ' and that concerned security agencies continued to monitor her . The two countries are both founding members of SAARC , as well as members of the Developing 8 Countries , the OIC and the Commonwealth of Nations . Both are classified as Next Eleven emerging economies . Bangladesh has a High Commission in Islamabad . Pakistan has a High Commission in Dhaka ." }, { "docid": "Elections_in_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "Elections in Bangladesh gives information on election and election results in Bangladesh . Bangladesh elects on national level a legislature with one house or chamber . The unicameral Jatiyo Sangshad , meaning national parliament , has 350 members of which 300 members are directly elected through a national election for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies while 50 memberships are reserved for the women who are selected by the ruling party or coalition . The Prime Minister is the head of the government . The president who is the head of the state is elected by the National Parliament . The president of Bangladesh is a ceremonial post and he/she does not exercise any control over the running of the state . Bangladesh has an unofficial two-party system which has evolved over time since the election of 1991 . It means that there are two dominant political parties or coalitions , with extreme difficulty for anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party in terms is single majority ." }, { "docid": "Bangladesh–United_Kingdom_relations", "title": "", "text": "Bangladesh -- British relations are the foreign relations between Bangladesh and the United Kingdom . Both Bangladesh and the United Kingdom are members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations ." }, { "docid": "Bangladesh_National_Philatelic_Association", "title": "", "text": "The Bangladesh National Philatelic Association is a non-profit philatelic organisation in Bangladesh established in 1978 . It has over one thousand members and is run by an executive panel of twelve members . It has issued more than one hundred philatelic publications since formation . BNPA arranges national and regional philatelic exhibitions and holds monthly auctions in the capital Dhaka . The membership fee is 200 TK year ( general member ) or 2500 TK ( Life member ) . BNPA is arranging Philatelic get together cum Auction on 1st and 3rd Friday of every months ." }, { "docid": "South_Asian_Regional_Trade_Union_Council", "title": "", "text": "The South Asian Regional Trade Union Council ( SARTUC ) is a federation of national trade union centers whose geographic scope covers South Asia . SARTUC 's mission is to promote workers ' rights within its member nations . The South Asian Regional Trade Union Council was formed in January 1988 by some of the affiliates of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ( now the ITUC ) in countries belonging to the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) -- Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , Maldives , Nepal , Pakistan and Sri Lanka . The Indian trade union center Indian National Trade Union Congress and Hind Mazdoor Sabha , were the founding members of SARTUC . Nazrul Islam Khan ( then-president of the Bangladesh Metal Workers ' Federation ) was SAR-TUC 's general-secretary in 2003 ." }, { "docid": "National_Library_of_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "The National Library of Bangladesh ( NLB ) is the legal depository of all new books and other printed materials published in Bangladesh under the copyright law of Bangladesh . It was founded in 1972 , but it traces its origins back to 1891 , before the Bangladesh Liberation War and its independence ." }, { "docid": "Bangladeshi_intelligence_community", "title": "", "text": "The Bangladesh intelligence community is a group of several intelligence agencies charged with carrying out intelligence gathering activities considered necessary for the conduct of foreign relations and national security of Bangladesh including other functions vital for the national security of Bangladesh . Member organizations of the Bangladesh intelligence community include military intelligence of Bangladesh Army , Navy , Air Force , National Police and civilian intelligence and analysis offices within executive ministries . The I.C. is headed by a Director heading each Intelligence agency , who reports to the Prime Minister of the Bangladesh.The organisation and structure of the modern Bangladesh intelligence community has developed its structures from agencies that continued to function after Independence from Pakistan . Bangladesh intelligence agencies today are the National Security Intelligence , the Special Branch , Army Intelligence , Air Force Intelligence , Naval Intelligence and the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence ( DGFI ) . During the 1971 Bangladesh Independence War , the Bangladesh Forces in the 11 BDF Sectors also developed an intelligence network within its organisation of guerrilla combat teams that provided the sectors with essential local intelligence . However , the intelligence agency personnel have been and still continues to be recruited and trained from within the particular agency . Among their varied responsibilities , the members of the Community collect and produce foreign and domestic intelligence , contribute to military planning , and perform espionage ." }, { "docid": "Table_of_precedence_for_the_People's_Republic_of_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "The Supreme Court released the full text of its verdict disposing of the long-pending dispute over the impugned state-level hierarchy -- Warrant of Precedence on 9 November 2016 . A five-member Appellate Division bench of the Supreme Court , headed by then chief justice M Muzammel Hossain , passed the order with expunction , modification , observation and findings . The president and the prime minister hold the 1st and 2nd position respectively , according to the Warrant of Precedence . According to the SC observation , the rank of chief justice will be equivalent to that of the speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad . The Appellate Division judges will be upgraded to the position of the full minister instead of the state minister while judges of the High Court get the status of the state minister . Since the attorney general , the chief government law officer , holds the constitutional post , his position will be above all secretaries of the Republic while the position of the member of parliament ( MP ) will be above the cabinet secretary , the chiefs of the three services and principal secretary . As the district judges head the subordinate courts , their position will be the upgraded one equivalent to secretary of the Republic . Similarly , additional district judge will hold the position next to the district judges . It is still unofficial but the indication of Supreme court Warrant of Precedence should look something like the following . President of the Republic Prime Minister of the Republic Head of Branches Speaker of the Parliament ( Head of Legislative branch ) Chief Justice of Bangladesh ( Head of Judiciary Branch ) Former Presidents of the Republic Cabinet Ministers of the Republic Chairmen of Parliamentary Committee in Parliament committee meeting ( According to parliamentary rules of procedures , they are chairman of a committee where ministers are members and their protocol precedes ministers protocol ) Chief Whip Deputy Speaker of the Parliament Leader of the Opposition in Parliament Deputy Leader of the House Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and High Commissioners of Commonwealth countries accredited to Bangladesh Persons holding appointments accorded status of a Minister without being members of the Cabinet Mayor of Dhaka North Mayor of Dhaka South Judges of the Supreme Court ( Appellate Division ) Ministers of State of the Republic and equivalent Chief Election Commissioner Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission Deputy leader of the Opposition in Parliament Whip of ruling party Chief Whip of opposition ( According to the protocol they receive inside the parliament ) ( Constitutional post and representative of the people above all officers ) Member of Parliament Persons holding appointments accorded status of State Minister Chairman of Parliamentary Committee ( as they carry flag of parliament ) Election Commissioners Judges of the Supreme Court ( High Court Division ) Persons holding appointments accorded status of a Minister of State Deputy Ministers of the Republic Persons holding appointments accorded status of Deputy Minister Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary accredited to Bangladesh Whip of opposition ( Their protocol precedes MP 's protocol ) Persons holding appointments accorded status of a deputy minister and High Commissioners not accredited to Bangladesh ( Constitutional post who are above the senior most government officers ) Officers of the rank of General in the Army ( four star ) Officers of the rank of Admiral in Navy ( four star ) Officers of the rank of Air Chief Marshal in Air Force ( four star ) Attorney-General Cabinet Secretary Visiting Ambassadors and High Commissioners not accredited to Bangladesh . Officers of the rank of Lieutenant General in the Army Officers of the rank of Vice Admiral in Navy Officers of the rank of Air Marshal in Air Force Comptroller and Auditor-General Ombudsman Governor , Bangladesh Bank Senior Secretaries of the government and equivalent Chairman , Public Service Commission Chairman , University Grants Commission Inspector General of Police Members , Planning Commission Officers of the rank of Major General in the Army and equivalent in the Navy and the Air force ( two star ) Secretaries to the Government including Secretary to the Parliament . Chargés d'affaires en pied of foreign countries Director General of the National Security Intelligence Full-time Members , University Grants Commission . National Professors Officers holding the status of Secretaries to the Government . Vice-chancellors of Universities District Judges or equivalent . Additional District Judges or holder of equivalent judicial posts Additional Secretaries to the Government Mayors of City Corporations within the jurisdiction of their respective Corporations Additional Attorney-General Chairman , Atomic Energy Commission Chairman , Board of Land Administration Chairman , Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Oil , Gas and Mineral Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Power Development Board Chairman , Bangladesh Steel and Engineering Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Textile Mills Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Water Development Board Chairman , Tariff Commission Chargés d'affaires ad interim of foreign countries Director-General of Anti-Corruption Executive Vice-Chairman , Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Managing Director , Bangladesh Krishi Bank Managing Director , Sonali Bank Professors of Universities in Selection Grade Visiting Ambassadors and High Commissioners of Bangladesh ( Rank of Additional secretary ) Chairman , Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Chairman , Tea Board Chairman , Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board Chief Architect to the Government Chief Conservator of Forests Chief Engineer , Roads and Highways Department Chief Engineer , Public Works Department Executive Chairman , Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority Director-General , Department of Agriculture Extension Director of Fisheries Director-General of Health Services Director of Livestock Services Director-General of Primary Education Director-General of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Director-General of Technical Education Division Chief , Planning Commission Managing Director , Bangladesh Biman . Managing Director , of other nationalised Commercial Banks Members of the National Board of Revenue Members , Public Service Commission Officers of the status of Additional Secretary to the Government . Registrar of the Supreme Court Vice-chairman , Export Promotion Bureau ( Rank of Joint secretary ) Additional Inspector-General of Police Chairman , Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority Chairman , Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation Chairman of the Civil Aviation Authority Chairman , Dhaka Improvement Trust Chairman , National Broadcasting Authority Chairman , Petroleum Corporation Chairman , Port Authority Chairman , Rural Electrification Board Chairman , Trading Corporation of Bangladesh Chairman , Water and Sewerage Authority Chairman , Bangladesh Hand Loom Board Chairman , Bangladesh Sericulture Board Chairman , Bangladesh Jute corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Forest Industries Development Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Tourism Corporation Chairman , Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation Chief Controller of Imports and Exports Chief Engineer , Housing and Settlement Department Chief Engineer , Public Health Engineering Department Commissioners of Divisions within their respective charges Director , Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Steel and Engineering Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Sugar and food Industries Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Textile Mills Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director-General of Ansars & VDP Director-General of Bangladesh Rural Development Board Director-General , Department of Immigration and Passport Director-General of the Export Promotion Bureau Director-General , Fire Services and Civil Defence Director-General of Food Director-General of Geological Survey Director-General of Industries Director-General of Land Record and Surveys Director-General of Post Offices Director-General of Population Control Director-General of Relief and Rehabilitation Director-General Shipping General Manager of Bangladesh Railway Joint Secretaries to the Government Managing Director , Bangladesh Shipping Corporation Managing Director of the Financial Institutions Managing Director , Jiban Bima Corporation Managing Director , Sadharan Bima Corporation Managing Director , Bangladesh Film Development Corporation Member , Atomic Energy Commission if full-time member of the Board of Directors Member , Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation if full-time member of the Board of Directors Member , Bangladesh Oil , Gas and Mineral Corporation if full-time member of the Board of Directors Member , Bangladesh Power Development Board if full-time member of the board of Directors Member , Bangladesh Water Development Board if full-time member of the Board of Directors Ministers and Deputy High Commissioners of the rank of Ministers in Embassies , High Commissions and Missions Located in Bangladesh Officers of the rank of Brigadier General in the Army and equivalent in the Navy and the Air Force Registrar , Co-operative Societies Surveyor-General of Bangladesh Additional Chief Architect Additional Chief Engineers of Government Departments Additional Director-General , Health Services Chairman , Chittagong Development Authority Chairman , Rajshahi Development Authority Chairman , Khulna Development Authority Collectors of Customs and Excise Commissioners of Divisions outside their respective charges Commissioners of Taxes Consuls General Controller General of Accounts Controller General of Defense Finance Counselors of Embassies , High Commissions and Legations of Foreign and Commonwealth Government Deputy Inspectors General of Police within their respective charges Director of Agriculture Extension Director General , Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Director General , Bangladesh Jute Research Institute Director General , Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Director General , Department of Social Services Director General , National Institute of Mass Communication Director General of Youth Development Department Director , Military lands and Cantonment Director General , Bangladesh Industrial Technical Assistance Centre Director General , Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institute Inspector General of Prisons Joint Chief , Planning Commission Member , Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Member , Bangladesh export Processing Zone Authority ( if full - time member of the Board of Directors ) Member , Tea Board ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Officers of the rank of Full Colonel in the Army and equivalent in the Navy and the Air Force Officers of the status of Joint Secretary to the Government Principals of Medical and Engineering Colleges and Professors of Universities Additional Commissioners ( within respective charges ) Director , Bangladesh jute Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Forest Industries Corporation ( if full-time member of Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Tourism Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Film Development Corporation ( if full-time of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors Director of Education Director , Petroleum Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Rural Development Board ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Trading Corporation of Bangladesh ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Mayors of Civic Corporations outside their respective charges Member , Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Member , Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Member , Bangladesh Handloom Board ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Member , Bangladesh Sericulture Board ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Member , Civil Aviation Authority ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Member , Port Authority ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Member , Rural Electrification Board ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Member , Bangladesh Shipping Corporation ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Military , Naval and Air Attaches to Embassies and Legations and Military , Naval and Air Advisors to High Commissions Professors of Medical and Engineering Colleges Chairmen of District Councils ( if elected ) within their respective charges Commandant , Marine Academy Deputy Commissioners within their respective charges . Deputy Inspectors General of Police outside their charges Director , Bangladesh Industrial Technical Assistance Center ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) Director , Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institute ( if full-time member of the Board of Directors ) District and Sessions Judges within their respective charges Officers of the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Army and equivalent in the Navy and the Air Force Chairmen ( if elected ) of class I Municipalities within their charges Chairmen of Upazila Parishads within their respective charges Civil Surgeons within their respective charge Deputy Secretaries of the government Officers of the rank of Major in the Army and equivalent in the Navy and the Air Force Superintendents of Police within their respective charges" }, { "docid": "Syed_Modasser_Ali", "title": "", "text": "Syed Modasser Ali FRCS , FRCOpth is an ophthalmic surgeon from Bangladesh and was the Health and Family Welfare and Social Welfare adviser to Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina , from 2009 to 2013 . He is the founder of Mojibunnessa Eye Hospital , the first registered eye hospital in Bangladesh and founding editor-in-chief of the Bangladesh Ophthalmic Journal , the first peer-review ophthalmic journal in Bangladesh . He is regarded as one of the pioneers of Community Ophthalmology ( public eye health ) and his book titled Community Ophthalmology , published in 1985 , is considered by the British Journal of Ophthalmology as the first textbook on the subject . He is a recipient of Bangladesh National Personality Research Centre 's Freedom Fighter Award for his services during the Bangladesh Liberation War . He was also an Executive Board member of the World Health Organisation . In 2013 , Ali was named as one of the 20 most innovative surgeons alive by healthcare education website Healthcare-Administration-Degree . net ." }, { "docid": "Bangladesh_Bank", "title": "", "text": "Bangladesh Bank is the central bank of Bangladesh and is a member of the Asian Clearing Union . The bank is active in developing green banking and financial inclusion policy and is an important member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion . Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit ( BFIU ) , a department of Bangladesh Bank , has got the membership of Egmont Group . Bangladesh Bank is the first central bank in the world to introduce a dedicated hotline ( 16236 ) for the general populace to complain any banking related problem . Moreover , the organisation is the first central bank in the world to issue a `` Green Banking Policy '' . To acknowledge this contribution , then-governor Dr. Atiur Rahman was given the title ` Green Governor ' at the 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference , held at the Qatar National Convention Centre in Doha ." }, { "docid": "Bangladesh_Amateur_Radio_League", "title": "", "text": "The Bangladesh Amateur Radio League ( BARL ) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Bangladesh . BARL is the national member society representing Bangladesh in the International Amateur Radio Union , which it joined in 1982 ." }, { "docid": "National_Museum_of_Science_and_Technology_(Bangladesh)", "title": "", "text": "National Museum of Science and Technology ( NMST ) in Dhaka , Bangladesh was founded on April 26 , 1965 by the Pakistani government and became a part of Bangladesh 's Ministry of Science and Technology following the Bangladesh Liberation War . It was first based in the Dhaka Public Library , and moved a number of times before its permanent home was completed in 1981 . The NMST serves as Bangladesh 's only science museum and organizes science education activities at a national level ." }, { "docid": "National_Archives_of_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "The National Archives of Bangladesh ( NAB ) are based in Dhaka and contain 225,000 volumes of documents in addition to books , microfilm rolls and newspaper clippings . The archives were founded in 1973 by the government of Bangladesh and are administered by the Directorate of National Archives and Libraries . Located in a rented building near the campus of Dhaka University until 1985 , the collections are now housed in a purpose-built part of the National Library of Bangladesh complex in Sher-e-Bangla Nagar ." }, { "docid": "Bangladesh–Mexico_relations", "title": "", "text": "Bangladesh -- Mexico relations refers to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Mexico . Both nations are members of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization ." }, { "docid": "Institute_of_Cost_and_Management_Accountants_of_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "The Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh ( ICMAB ) at Nilkhet , Dhaka , Bangladesh is the only institution in the country dedicated to Cost and Management Accounting education and research . It is managed as an autonomous professional body under the Ministry of Commerce . As well as education , it is also engaged in regulating and promoting the profession of cost and management accountant in Bangladesh . The Institute is managed by a National Council of 16 members . It is a member of the International Federation of Accountants ( IFAC ) , Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants ( CAPA ) , and South Asian Federation of Accountants ( SAFA ) . In 1972 , the Institute was re-established in the name of Bangladesh Institute of Industrial Accountants ( BIIA ) again With the changing need of time the Government of Bangladesh renamed it as The Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh ( ICMAB ) through promulgation of The Cost and Management Accountants Ordinance 1977 ( Ordinance No LIII of 1977 ) . ICMAB members are known as CMAs with their designatory title ACMA and FCMA . They play leading roles in the accountancy and finance profession in Bangladesh . 30 % of members live and work in UK , USA , Canada , Australia and Gulf Countries . ICMAB UK Chapter is a lively forum for members working in the UK ." }, { "docid": "Remians", "title": "", "text": "Remians are the graduates of Dhaka Residential Model College , a renowned college in Bangladesh . Students of the Dhaka Residential Model College are called Remians . The term is regarded as a prestigious designation held by graduates of DRMC . Remians founded an organization in Bangladesh known as ORWA , the Old Remians Welfare Association . Remians and ORWA members have played a vital role in the development of Bangladesh , contributing to society as government officers , doctors , scientists , engineers , army officers , and professors . Many senior government officials of Bangladesh are Remians . Notable Remians have included : Shawfikul Ghani , a member of the Bangladeshi parliament in 1979 , 1986 and 1988 . He was a state minister for defense , minister of civil aviation and tourism in 1986 , and became a full Minister for Public Works in 1988 . Sheikh Jamal , the second son of the founding leader of Bangladesh Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and slain brother of the current Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina . He was also known as a freedom fighter in the Bangladesh Liberation War . Tareq Zia , a well-known politician and Senior Joint Secretary-General of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party ( BNP ) . He is the son of a former President of Bangladesh , the late Major General Ziaur Rahman , and Khaleda Zia , a former Prime Minister of Bangladesh . Shamsher Mubin Chowdhury , a former Foreign Secretary of the Government of Bangladesh . Mohamed Mijarul Quayes , a former Foreign Secretary , High Commissioner to the United Kingdom , and ambassador to Russia" }, { "docid": "National_Emblem_of_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "The national emblem of Bangladesh ( বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় প্রতীক - Bānglādēśēr Jātīẏo Pratīk ) was adopted shortly after independence in 1971 . Located on the emblem is a water lily , that is bordered on two sides by rice sheaves . Above the water lilly are four stars and three connected jute leaves . The water lily is the country 's national flower , and is representative of the many rivers that run through Bangladesh . Rice represents its presence as the staple food of Bangladesh , and for the agriculture of that nation . The four stars represent the four founding principles that were originally enshrined in the first constitution of Bangladesh in 1972 : nationalism , secularism , socialism , and democracy . The details of the emblem is given as quoted below : The national emblem of the Republic is the national flower Shapla ( Nymphaea nouchali ) resting on water , having on each side and ear of paddy and being surmounted by three connected leaves of jute with two stars on each side of the leaves . - Constitution of Bangladesh Article 4 ( 3 )" }, { "docid": "Tariq_Anam_Khan", "title": "", "text": "Tariq Anam Khan ( born May 10 , 1953 ) is an award-winning Bangladeshi actor , director , writer and producer in theatre , television , and film . He is a prominent personality in theatre , television , and film and is considered one of the legendary and powerful actors in Bangladesh today . He is more known for his roles in films The Last Thakur and Ghetuputra Kamola . He was awarded the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor in negative role for the film Desha : The Leader in 2014 . He is founding member and leader of prominent Bangladeshi theatre group , Natyakendra , where he holds the position of Principal Secretary . In addition , he was a freedom fighter in the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971 ." }, { "docid": "Bangladesh_national_cricket_team", "title": "", "text": "The Bangladesh national cricket team , nicknamed The Tigers , represents Bangladesh in international cricket . It is administered by the Bangladesh Cricket Board ( BCB ) . Bangladesh is a full member of the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) with Test and One Day International ( ODI ) status . It played its first Test match in November 2000 against India in Dhaka , becoming the tenth Test-playing nation . Bangladesh 's first official foray into international cricket came in the 1979 ICC Trophy in England . On 31 March 1986 , Bangladesh played its first ODI match , against Pakistan in the Asia Cup . For a long time , football was the most popular sport in Bangladesh , but cricket gradually became very popular -- particularly in urban areas -- and by the late 1990s had surpassed football . In 1997 , Bangladesh won the ICC Trophy in Malaysia and thus qualified for its first Cricket World Cup to participate in England in 1999 . There , it defeated Pakistan -- causing much upset -- and also Scotland . On 26 June 2000 , Bangladesh was granted full ICC membership . Bangladesh holds the record for most consecutive losses in Tests ( 21 , between 2000 and 2002 ) and ODIs ( 23 , between 2001 and 2004 ) . After gaining full member status with the ICC , Bangladesh had to wait until 2004 for its first ODI win since the 1999 World Cup . The team on the losing side on that occasion was Zimbabwe , who also participated in Bangladesh 's maiden Test victory in 2005 ; by securing a draw in the second match , Bangladesh won their first Test series . In 2009 Bangladesh toured the West Indies for two Tests and by winning both secured their first overseas series victory . As of 24 May 2017 , Bangladesh has played 100 Tests , winning nine tests among them . Its first victory was against team Zimbabwe , and the next two came against the West Indian team . Results have improved since then with draws earned both at home and abroad against New Zealand , Sri Lanka , Pakistan , India and South Africa and wins against Zimbabwe , England and most recently Sri Lanka . They played their 100th Test when they toured Sri Lanka in March 2017 . The team has been more successful in ODIs , having won 104 of its 328 matches . It has also played 67 Twenty20 Internationals , winning 21 . However the limited over success is due to the wins against Zimbabwe and associate members ( 65 ODI wins and 13 T20I wins respectively ) . Bangladesh is currently ranked ninth in Tests , sixth in ODIs and tenth in T20Is by the ICC ." }, { "docid": "Cricket_in_Bangladesh", "title": "", "text": "Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh . There is a strong domestic league which on many occasions also saw Test players from many countries ( Sri Lanka , India , Pakistan , and England ) gracing the cricket fields of Bangladesh . In the year 2000 Bangladesh became a full member of the International Cricket Council , which allows the national team to play Test cricket . The Bangladesh national cricket team goes by the nickname of the Tigers -- after the royal Bengal tiger ." } ]
167936	Jon Pertwee took part in Worzel Gummidge.	[ { "docid": "Jon_Pertwee", "title": "", "text": "John Devon Roland Pertwee ( 7 July 1919 -- 20 May 1996 ) , known professionally as Jon Pertwee , was an English actor , entertainer and cabaret performer . Pertwee is most known for starring as the Third Doctor in the science-fiction series Doctor Who between 1970 and 1974 . Pertwee also spent 18 years ( 1959 -- 1977 ) playing Chief petty officer Pertwee in The Navy Lark on BBC Radio . He later played the title character in the series Worzel Gummidge from 1979 to 1981 , and again from 1987 to 1989 . As an actor , Pertwee appeared in many comedy roles and was once described as having `` rubbery features and ability to affect silly voices '' . Earlier in his career , Pertwee had worked as a vaudeville comedian , performed at the Glasgow Empire Theatre and shared a bill with Max Wall and Jimmy James . Towards the end of his life , he performed to audiences in a one-man show called Who Is Jon Pertwee ? ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Worzel_Gummidge_Down_Under", "title": "", "text": "Worzel Gummidge Down Under was a television series adapted from the books written by Barbara Euphan Todd and the children 's television programme produced and broadcast in the United Kingdom named Worzel Gummidge , starring Jon Pertwee . The story continued in New Zealand when Aunt Sally was sold to a Museum owner ." }, { "docid": "Worzel_Gummidge_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Worzel Gummidge is a children 's sitcom , produced by Southern Television for ITV , based on the Worzel Gummidge books by English author Barbara Euphan Todd . Starting in 1979 , the programme starred Jon Pertwee in the title role and ran for four series in the UK until 1981 . On a countdown of the greatest British children 's programmes , this series was number 50 in the 50 Greatest Kids TV Shows which aired on Channel 5 on 8 November 2013 . Channel 4 reprised the show in 1987 as Worzel Gummidge Down Under , which was set in New Zealand ." }, { "docid": "Worzel_Gummidge", "title": "", "text": "Worzel Gummidge is a walking , talking scarecrow character in British children 's fiction who originally appeared in a series of books by the English novelist Barbara Euphan Todd . It was the first story book published by Puffin Books . The books were adapted for radio and television a number of times , most successfully with former Doctor Who actor Jon Pertwee taking the lead role from 1979 to 1981 in the ITV series Worzel Gummidge , originally produced in the UK ( this series was ranked among the top 50 greatest British children 's programmes ) and later in New Zealand ( 1987 -- 1989 ) . For the TV series Gummidge had a set of interchangeable turnip , mangelwurzel and swede heads , each of which suited a particular occasion or endowed him with a specific skill ." }, { "docid": "Worzel", "title": "", "text": "Worzel may refer to : Worzel Gummidge , a fictional scarecrow created by Barbara Euphan Todd J. Lamar Worzel ( 1919 -- 2008 ) , American geophysicist nickname of Jeff Rich ( born 1953 ) , former drummer for the English rock band Status Quo Worzel Gummidge was the nickname of the politician Michael Foot ( 1913-2010 )" }, { "docid": "Worzel_Gummidge_Turns_Detective", "title": "", "text": "Worzel Gummidge Turns Detective is a British children 's television series , first aired by the BBC in 1953 . It was the first TV manifestation of Barbara Euphan Todd 's character who had already appeared on radio and would reappear on television 26 years later ." }, { "docid": "James_Hill_(British_director)", "title": "", "text": "James ( `` Jimmy '' ) Hill ( 1 August 1919 -- 7 October 1994 ) was a British film and television director , screenwriter and producer whose career spanned 52 years between 1937 and 1989 , best remembered for his documentaries and short subjects such as Giuseppina and The Home Made Car , and as director of the internationally acclaimed Born Free . Hill also directed , produced and/or wrote such diverse films as Black Beauty , A Study in Terror , Every Day 's a Holiday , The Lion at World 's End ( a.k.a. Christian the lion ) , Captain Nemo and the Underwater City , The Man from O.R.G.Y. , and the children 's television series ' Worzel Gummidge and Worzel Gummidge Down Under ." }, { "docid": "Gordon_Rollings", "title": "", "text": "Gordon Charles Rollings ( 17 April 1926 -- 7 June 1985 ) was an English actor who mainly appeared on television , but also appeared on-stage and in feature films . He was born in Batley , in the West Riding of Yorkshire , England in 1926 and started his career in radio in Israel . He later trained as a clown in Paris , appearing in the Medrano Circus . Rollings made an uncredited screen appearance in the Beatles ' film A Hard Day 's Night . He played the man in the pub who is shocked to find that Ringo has thrown a dart into his lunch . Then after a number of small parts in TV shows such as Z-Cars in the early 1960s , on 21 April 1964 , he was the first presenter of BBC 2 's daily programme for young children , Play School , alongside Virginia Stride . In the same year he played the character of Charlie Moffitt in Coronation Street . He was a storyteller in Jackanory in 1966-67 , reading among others , the story of Worzel Gummidge . ( Rollings would later appear in a 1981 episode of the televised series of Worzel Gummidge ) . He later narrated The Herbs , and as the character Arkwright with his small dog , Tonto , in the adverts for John Smith 's Bitter ." }, { "docid": "Geoffrey_Bayldon", "title": "", "text": "Albert Geoffrey Bayldon ( 7 January 1924 -- 10 May 2017 ) was an English actor . After playing roles in many stage productions , including the works of William Shakespeare , he became known for portraying the title role of the children 's series Catweazle ( 1970 -- 71 ) . Bayldon 's other long-running parts include the Crowman in Worzel Gummidge ( 1979 -- 81 ) and Magic Grandad in the BBC television series Watch ( 1995 ) ." }, { "docid": "Barbara_Euphan_Todd", "title": "", "text": "Barbara Euphan Todd ( 9 January 1890 -- 2 February 1976 ) was an English writer well remembered for her ten books for children about a scarecrow called Worzel Gummidge . These were adapted for radio and television ." }, { "docid": "Aunt_Sally_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Aunt Sally is a traditional English game Aunt Sally may also refer to Aunt Sally ( film ) , 1933 film Aunt Sally ( band ) , Japanese band Aunt Sally , a character from Worzel Gummidge Aunt Sal , EastEnders character Straw man , logical fallacy" }, { "docid": "Una_Stubbs", "title": "", "text": "Una Stubbs ( born 1 May 1937 ) is an English actress , television personality and former dancer who has appeared on British television and in the theatre , and less frequently in films . She is particularly known for playing Rita Rawlins in the sitcoms Till Death Us Do Part and In Sickness and in Health , as well as Aunt Sally in the children 's series Worzel Gummidge . She is also known for her role as Miss Bat in the series The Worst Witch and has most recently appeared as Sherlock Holmes 's landlady Mrs Hudson in the Bafta award-winning television series Sherlock ." }, { "docid": "Jonathan_Elsom", "title": "", "text": "Jonathan Elsom ( born 22 September 1938 ) is a New Zealand-born television actor , writer , sculptor and artist . He appeared in many British and Australian television series and films , which include The Troubleshooters , The Avengers , The Saint , The Adventures of Don Quick , Z-Cars , Crown Court , Worzel Gummidge Down Under , The Feds , Review with Myles Barlow and others ." }, { "docid": "Charlotte_Coleman", "title": "", "text": "Charlotte Ninon Coleman ( 3 April 1968 -- 14 November 2001 ) was an English actress best known for playing Scarlett in the film Four Weddings and a Funeral , Jess in the television drama Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit , and her childhood roles of Sue in Worzel Gummidge and the character Marmalade Atkins . Coleman died of an acute asthma attack in Holloway , North London , aged 33 ." }, { "docid": "Susan_Peters_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Susan Peters ( 1921 -- 1952 ) was an American stage , film and television actress . Susan or Sue Peters may refer to : Susan Peters ( politician ) , Republican who serves on the Sacramento County Board of Supervisors Susan Peters ( TV anchor ) , American TV anchor Susan Peters ( Nigerian actress ) ( born 1980 ) Sue Peters , character in Worzel Gummidge ( TV series )" }, { "docid": "Totti_Truman_Taylor", "title": "", "text": "Totti Truman Taylor , born Dorothy Leah Pedley ( 7 September 1915 -- 5 March 1981 ) , was a British actress . In 1953 , she played Aunt Sally in the BBC television series Worzel Gummidge Turns Detective . She was born in London and died at Denville Hall , Northwood , in Middlesex . She also played various roles in Hancock 's Half Hour ." }, { "docid": "Roland_Pertwee", "title": "", "text": "Roland Pertwee ( 17 May 1885 -- 26 April 1963 ) was an English playwright , film and television screenwriter , director and actor . He was the father of Doctor Who actor Jon Pertwee and fellow playwright and screenwriter Michael Pertwee . He was also the second cousin of actor Bill Pertwee and grandfather of actors Sean Pertwee and Dariel Pertwee ." }, { "docid": "Michael_Pertwee", "title": "", "text": "Michael Pertwee ( 24 April 1916 -- 17 April 1991 ) was a British playwright and screenwriter . Among his credits were episodes of The Saint , Danger Man , Alfred Hitchcock Presents , B-And-B , Ladies Who Do , and many other films and TV series . He was the brother of Jon Pertwee of Doctor Who fame , the son of Roland Pertwee , a noted screenwriter and actor of the 1910s-1950s , a distant cousin of Bill Pertwee , a noted character actor , and the uncle of actor Sean Pertwee ." }, { "docid": "Doctor_Who_–_The_Ultimate_Adventure", "title": "", "text": "Doctor Who -- The Ultimate Adventure was a 1989 stage play written by Terrance Dicks , based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The play was staged at twenty theatres around Britain , commencing 23 March 1989 . It initially starred Jon Pertwee ( who had played the Third Doctor in the series ) as the Doctor . On 29 April Pertwee was ill , so understudy David Banks , who portrayed the Cyber Leader in the series from Earthshock onwards , played the Doctor for the matinee and evening performances . Pertwee continued in the role until 3 June and two days later Colin Baker , who had played the Sixth Doctor , took over the lead until the run ended on 19 August . The play was adjusted accordingly to conform with the Sixth Doctor 's persona ." }, { "docid": "Sarah_Thomas_(actress)", "title": "", "text": "Sarah Jane Thomas ( born 5 May 1952 ) is a British actress , born in London , probably best known for her television appearances as Enid Simmons in Worzel Gummidge ( 1980 ) , and as Glenda Wilkinson in Last of the Summer Wine ( 1986 -- 2010 ) . Thomas also made a brief cameo appearance in the fifth episode of the original Blackadder series ( 1983 ) , ` the Witchsmeller Pursuivant ' , as a peasant girl who dies of the Black Death in the pre-credit sequence . She also appeared in a Christmas episode of Heartbeat ( December 29 , 1996 ) , called ` Charity Begins at Home . '" }, { "docid": "Frank_Atkinson_(actor)", "title": "", "text": "Frank Atkinson ( 19 March 1893 in Blackpool , Lancashire -- 23 February 1963 in Pinner , Middlesex ) was a British actor and writer . He appeared in at least 130 films between 1930 and 1963 . A stalwart of British films , often in small or uncredited roles , and also in Hollywood in the 1930s , notably in the Raoul Walsh directed Me and My Gal and Sailor 's Luck . Allmovie described him as `` tall and slender , and with gaunt facial features that lent themselves to looks of eccentricity , and with a highly cultured speaking voice , he could melt unobtrusively into a scene , as an anonymous bit-player , or could , with the utterance of a few words or a look , transform himself into a wryly comedic presence -- he played everything from jailers , guards , garage attendants , and soldiers to upper-class twits . '' He was the first person to play the part of Worzel Gummidge on television in the original series broadcast by the BBC 10 Feb 1953 ." }, { "docid": "The_Ghosts_of_N-Space", "title": "", "text": "The Ghosts of N-Space is a radio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . It was recorded in 1994 and finally broadcast in six parts on BBC Radio 2 from January 20 to February 24 , 1996 . This was the second Third Doctor radio play , following The Paradise of Death in 1993 . Plans for a third were scuppered by the death of Jon Pertwee in May of that year . The announcer in the radio serial gave the title as Doctor Who and the Ghosts of N-Space , but both the cassette and CD releases have dropped the `` Doctor Who and '' prefix in their packaging , as does the novelisation . It was written by Barry Letts , and featured Jon Pertwee as the Third Doctor , Nicholas Courtney as Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and Elisabeth Sladen as Sarah Jane Smith . The recording was originally released on cassette in 1996 , re-released on a three CD set in 2000 ." }, { "docid": "Victor_&_Maria", "title": "", "text": "Victor and Maria was a 2D British animated series produced by King Rollo Films . Broadcast on UK channel ITV in 1983 , it told the stories of a large white bear , Victor , and his friend Maria , a little girl . Some episodes would feature Victor 's cousin , Otto ( a brown bear ) and Maria 's friend Matilda . The series was narrated by Una Stubbs , the actress who played Aunt Sally in Worzel Gummidge . There were 26 episodes , each lasting 5 minutes long . These included : The Coat The Parcel The Climb Hide And Seek The Cherry Tree The Bandstand The Sun The Moon The Sandcastle Category : British animated television series Category :1983 British television programme debuts Category :1980 s British children 's television series" }, { "docid": "The_Paradise_of_Death", "title": "", "text": "The Paradise of Death is a 5-part BBC radio drama , based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who , and starring Jon Pertwee as the Doctor ." }, { "docid": "Mabel_Constanduros", "title": "", "text": "Mabel Constanduros ( 29 March 1880 -- 8 February 1957 ) , birth name Mabel Tilling , was an English actress and screenwriter . She achieved fame playing Mrs.Buggins on the radio programme The Buggins Family , which ran from 1928 to 1948 . As well as writing the series , she started off playing the whole family as well . She trained under Elsie Fogerty at the Central School of Speech Training , then based at the Royal Albert Hall , London , making her stage debut at the London Coliseum in 1929 . She subsequently played a variety of roles in London and on tour , including Anne of Cleves in The Rose Without a Thorn at the Duke of York 's Theatre in 1933 . Constanduros became a radio celebrity after broadcasting her own sketches in 1925 . She also wrote novels , short stories , and co-wrote 29 Acacia Avenue with her nephew Denis Constanduros . After World War II , she played Earthy Mangold in the popular Worzel Gummidge radio serial on the BBC Children 's Hour . Mabel was one of the seven children of Richard Tilling , managing director of the Thomas Tilling bus company and Sophie ( née Thorn ) . Barry Took wrote , `` although today her reputation has faded , she was a popular cultural figure between the wars , helping to establish the style and flavour of British radio comedy . ''" }, { "docid": "Reed_De_Rouen", "title": "", "text": "Reed De Rouen ( 10 June 1917 -- 11 June 1986 ) was an American actor and screenwriter who worked mostly in the British film and television industry . He appeared in the Doctor Who serial The Gunfighters in 1966 as Pa Clanton , as well as writing the script for the proposed Doctor Who story `` The Spare Part People '' with Jon Pertwee ." }, { "docid": "The_Navy_Lark", "title": "", "text": "The Navy Lark is a radio sit-com about life aboard a British Royal Navy frigate named HMS Troutbridge , ( a play on HMS Troubridge , a Royal Navy destroyer ) based in HMNB Portsmouth . In series 1 and 2 , the ship and crew were stationed offshore at an unnamed location known simply as `` The Island '' . In series 2 this island was revealed to be owned by Lt. Cdr . Stanton . The programme was transmitted on the BBC Light Programme and subsequently BBC Radio 2 . It was produced by Alastair Scott Johnston . Jon Pertwee is frequently quoted as having suggested the idea of a forces comedy based on the Royal Navy , but writer Laurie Wyman and Alastair Scott Johnston both contemplated an Air Force and an Army themed sit-com before going to the BBC with ` The Navy Lark ' . Laurie Wyman included ideas based on excuses for late return from leave and other misdemeanours from HMS Troubridge bulletins . He worked with George Evans ( Pertwee 's personal scriptwriter ) from quite early on , but Alastair Scott Johnston did not want him named until the 12th series onwards . For most of its run , it starred Leslie Phillips , Jon Pertwee and Stephen Murray , whose names rotated in order of precedence every episode over the entire 15 season run . Episodes of the Navy Lark series are still replayed in rotation on BBC Radio 4 Extra , and made available for delayed listening through their iPlayer service ." }, { "docid": "Planet_of_the_Spiders", "title": "", "text": "Planet of the Spiders is the fifth and final serial of the 11th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , which was first broadcast in six weekly parts from 4 May to 8 June 1974 . It was Jon Pertwee 's last serial as the Third Doctor , and marks the first , uncredited appearance of Tom Baker as the Fourth Doctor . It marks the last regular appearance of Mike Yates . This serial introduces the term `` regeneration '' ." }, { "docid": "Devious_(Doctor_Who)", "title": "", "text": "Devious is an upcoming fan-made Doctor Who story . Filming started in 1991 , with live-action scenes mostly completed by 2005 . Though the full production has yet to be completed , a preview of it can be found on the Special Features DVD of the classic Doctor Who story The War Games . In the final scene Jon Pertwee appears in what was to be his last appearance as the Third Doctor . Pertwee later suffered a fatal heart attack in Connecticut , and died at the age of 76 , one year after the scene was filmed in 1995 . Anneke Wills , who played the companion Polly in the original series , features in a short cameo . A scene filmed in May 2003 features the actors Peter Tuddenham and Hugh Lloyd as Time Lords , both of whom played parts in the original series . On the official web page it was announced that the project was planned to be finished by the end of 2011 . As of April 2015 it is still in production . As of 2016 , episode one is finished and filming is complete with special effects , audio corrections , and color correction still underway but near completion ." }, { "docid": "Denis_King", "title": "", "text": "Denis Andrew King ( born 25 July 1939 , Hornchurch , Essex ) is an English Ivor Novello award-winning composer , singer and actor . He began his musical career at the age of six as a banjolele-playing singer at children 's matinees and by the age of thirteen , with his two older brothers , Mike and Tony , was a member of one of the most successful pop groups of the Fifties and Sixties , The King Brothers -- considered by many to be Britain 's first Boy Band . Denis played the piano , Mike the guitar , Tony the double bass . By the time King was thirteen The King Brothers were touring around the U.K. in what was known as Twice-Nightly Variety ( the equivalent of America 's vaudeville ) , performing two shows a night in one town before moving on to the next the following week . For two years Denis attended a different school in a different town almost every week . Along with concerts and tours around Europe , The King Brothers did summer shows , television appearances , played the famous Windmill Theatre and in 1956 became the youngest Variety act to play the London Palladium . Within a year they were in the record charts . `` A White Sport Coat '' and `` Standing On The Corner '' were their biggest successes . They appeared with Peter Sellers , Harry Secombe , Frankie Vaughan , Roy Castle , Shirley Bassey , Alma Cogan , Ronnie Corbett , Bruce Forsyth , Morecambe and Wise , as well as American stars Bobby Darin , Howard Keel , Sammy Davis Jr , Judy Garland , Lena Horne , Sarah Vaughan , Sophie Tucker and Frank Sinatra . With the disbanding of the group in 1970 , Denis studied orchestration at the Guildhall School of Music in London and got his first break in television writing the music for The Adventures of Black Beauty ( `` Galloping Home '' ) , which won the Ivor Novello Award . To date , he has created themes and incidental music for over two hundred television series including Within These Walls , If It Moves File It , Dick Turpin , Two 's Company , Lovejoy , We 'll Meet Again and Hannay as well as written over one hundred jingles for radio and television advertising . He has also worked on films , writing the scores to Simon , Simon ( 1970 ) , Not Tonight , Darling ( 1971 ) , Holiday on the Buses ( 1973 ) , Ghost in the Noonday Sun ( 1973 ) , Sweeney ! ( 1977 ) , If You Go Down in the Woods Today ( 1981 ) and Privates on Parade ( 1982 ) . As a musician he has performed with Dame Edna Everage , Albert Finney , Benny Green , Maureen Lipman in her successful stage show Re : Joyce , and with Dick Vosburgh in their comic revues BEAUTY AND THE BEARDS and SING SOMETHING SILLY and on the BBC Radio radio comedy series Hello , Cheeky ! from 1973 to 1979 , and appeared in the TV version produced by Yorkshire Television in 1976 . His debut as a theatrical composer was with the original 1977 Royal Shakespeare Theatre 's production of Privates On Parade ( book and lyrics by Peter Nichols ) which won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Musical . Other theatre productions include A Saint She Ai n't and The Un-American Songbook ( with Dick Vosburgh ) ; Stepping Out ( play ) - The Musical -RSB- -RSB- ( with Richard Harris and Mary Stewart-David ) ; BASHVILLE and VALENTINE 'S DAY ( with Benny Green ) ; Worzel Gummidge starring Jon Pertwee and Lost Empires ( with Keith Waterhouse & Willis Hall ) ; Wind In The Willows and Treasure Island ( with Willis Hall ) ; West Five Story ( with Richard Harris ) ; Baby On Board ( with Mary Stewart-David ) for the Stephen Joseph Theatre , Scarborough , where it was directed by Alan Ayckbourn . King has written extensively with Ayckbourn and together they have created the musicals Whenever , Orvin - Champion Of Champions , and Awaking Beauty , which premiered in December 2008 at the Stephen Joseph Theatre , Scarborough ." }, { "docid": "Third_Doctor", "title": "", "text": "The Third Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who . He was portrayed by actor Jon Pertwee . Within the series ' narrative , the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord alien from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time and space in his TARDIS , frequently with companions . When the Doctor is critically injured , his body can regenerate ; as a result , his physical appearance and personality change . Pertwee portrays the third such incarnation , a dapper man of action of stark contrast to his wily but less action-oriented predecessors . While previous Doctors ' stories had all involved time and space travel , for production reasons Pertwee 's stories initially depicted the Doctor stranded on Earth in exile , where he worked as a scientific advisor to the international military group UNIT . Within the story , the Third Doctor came into existence as part of a punishment from his own race , the Time Lords , who forced him to regenerate and also disabled his TARDIS . Eventually , this restriction is lifted and the Third Doctor embarks on more traditional time travel and space exploration stories . His initial companion is UNIT scientist Liz Shaw ( Caroline John ) , who unceremoniously leaves the Doctor 's company between episodes to be replaced by the more wide-eyed Jo Grant ( Katy Manning ) , who then continues to accompany the Doctor after he regains use of his TARDIS . His final companion was intrepid journalist Sarah Jane Smith ( Elisabeth Sladen ) , who would go on to become the Doctor 's longest-serving companion ." } ]
22649	Lee Child was born on October 29.	[ { "docid": "Lee_Child", "title": "", "text": "James D. `` Jim '' Grant ( born 29 October 1954 ) , better known by his pen name Lee Child , is a British author who writes thriller novels . He is especially known for his Jack Reacher novel series . The books follow the adventures of a former American military policeman , Jack Reacher , who wanders the United States . His first novel , Killing Floor , won both the Anthony Award , and the Barry Award for Best First Novel ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Frankie_Lee", "title": "", "text": "Frankie Lee ( December 31 , 1911 -- July 29 , 1970 ) , was an American child actor . He appeared in 56 films between 1916 and 1925 . Best remembered in the 1919 film The Miracle Man , he was the little boy on crutches healed by the phony faith healer just after Lon Chaney . He is the older brother of child actor Davey Lee . He was born in Gunnison , Colorado , United States ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Ji-hoon_(actor,_born_1988)", "title": "", "text": "Lee Ji-hoon ( born October 29 , 1988 ) is a South Korean actor . He made his acting debut in the teen series School 2013 , and has played supporting roles in family dramas You 're the Best , Lee Soon-shin and Golden Rainbow ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Clayton", "title": "", "text": "Lee Clayton ( born Billy Schatz , October 29 , 1942 ) is an American rock and country musician and composer ." }, { "docid": "Raphael_Carl_Lee", "title": "", "text": "Raphael Carl Lee ( born October 29 , 1949 in Sumter , South Carolina ) is an American surgeon , medical researcher , biomedical engineer , and entrepreneur ." }, { "docid": "Joe_Lee_(squash_player)", "title": "", "text": "Joe Lee , ( born 6 October 1989 in London ) is a professional squash player who represents England . He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 29 in May 2014 ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Ju-yeon", "title": "", "text": "Lee Ju-yeon ( Hangul : 이주연 , sometimes rendered Lee Ju-youn ; born 29 October 1987 ) is a South Korean speed skater . She represented her country at the 2006 and 2010 editions of the Winter Olympics . She won the silver medal at the 2007 Asian Winter Games that regional winter sports competition in Asia ." }, { "docid": "Alice_Hathaway_Lee_Roosevelt", "title": "", "text": "Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt ( July 29 , 1861 -- February 14 , 1884 ) was an American socialite and the first wife of President Theodore Roosevelt . Less than two days after giving birth to their only child , she died from Bright 's Disease ." }, { "docid": "Richard_T._Lee_(golfer)", "title": "", "text": "Richard T. Lee ( born October 29 , 1990 ) is a Canadian professional golfer , best known for competing in the 2007 U.S. Open at the age of sixteen . Born in Toronto , Canada , he is now a resident of Chandler , Arizona . His father Jeff played professional tournament golf in South Korea and is now a teaching professional ." }, { "docid": "The_Affair_(Child_novel)", "title": "", "text": "The Affair is the sixteenth book in the Jack Reacher series written by Lee Child but is a prequel set chronologically before most of them . It was published on 29 September 2011 in the United Kingdom and was published on 27 September 2011 in the USA . The Affair is a prequel set six months before Child 's first novel , Killing Floor and setting out the explosive circumstances under which Reacher 's career in the United States Army was terminated . This book is written in the first person ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Chung-ah", "title": "", "text": "Lee Chung-ah ( born October 29 , 1984 ) is a South Korean actress . She is best known for her leading roles in the movies Temptation of Wolves ( 2004 ) and My Tutor Friend 2 ( 2007 ) , as well as the cable drama Flower Boy Ramen Shop ( 2011 ) ." }, { "docid": "Eugene_Gordon_Lee", "title": "", "text": "Eugene Gordon Lee ( October 25 , 1933 -- October 16 , 2005 ) was an American child actor , most notable for appearing in the Our Gang ( Little Rascals ) comedies as Porky from 1935 to 1939 . During his tenure in Our Gang , Porky originated the catchphrase `` O-tay ! '' , though it is commonly attributed to Buckwheat ." }, { "docid": "Ezra_Lee", "title": "", "text": "Ezra Lee ( August 1749 -- October 29 , 1821 ) was an American colonial soldier , best known for commanding the Turtle submarine . Lee was born in Lyme , Connecticut . In August 1776 he was selected by brother-in-law Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons , also of Lyme , as one of several volunteers to learn to operate the Turtle , an early submarine invented by Saybrook , Connecticut , native David Bushnell . When General George Washington authorized an attack on British Admiral Richard Howe 's flagship HMS Eagle , then lying in New York harbor , Lee was chosen to operate the `` infernal machine '' ." }, { "docid": "R._S._Ratnakar", "title": "", "text": "Dr.R.S.Rathnakar ( Born 29 October 1975 ) is an Indian politician and social reformer who has been seriously involved in social movements since child hood . He finished his M.B.B.S. Degree from Andhra Medical College , Visakhapatnam in 1996 . Dr.R.S.Rathnakar was born in middle-class family in Bhogapuram village , Pithapuram mandalam , East Godavari District , Andhra Pradesh on 29 October 1975 . He is the last of the three children of ( two elder brothers ) Suvarna Raju and Ramola Bhai . His father was a school teacher and mother was house wife ." }, { "docid": "Davey_Lee", "title": "", "text": "Davey Lee ( 29 December 1924 -- 17 June 2008 ) was an American child actor . He was born in Hollywood , California , United States . He appeared in six feature films between 1928 and 1930 . At the age of three he made his screen debut in one of the early talkies The Singing Fool ( 1928 ) starring Al Jolson , in which he played the part of Sonny Boy . The Singing Fool remained the most successful film until Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) , produced by MGM . It was Warner Bros. ' most successful film for more than ten years . The theme song `` Sonny Boy '' became the first film song to sell over a million copies . Davey Lee also played the title role in the film Sonny Boy ( 1929 ) , starring Betty Bronson . He returned to play opposite Al Jolson in Say It With Songs ( 1929 ) . His other films were Frozen River ( 1929 ) , in which he played opposite canine film star Rin Tin Tin , Skin Deep ( 1929 ) as the son of John Bowers , and The Squealer ( 1930 ) as the son of Jack Holt . This was Davey Lee 's last film . Brother of another child actor , Frankie Lee ( 1911-1970 ) , Davey was taken out of films by his mother so that he could have a normal childhood . In 1986 , Davey was brought over to the Piccadilly Theatre in London 's West End to participate in the unveiling of a memorial bronze bust of Al Jolson , to commemorate the official centenary of his birth . This theatre was chosen because , to the best of knowledge , it was the only UK stage which Jolson ever stood on , although he did not perform , he merely appeared to promote his film . The evening was presented by UK impresario David Lee , a Jolson devotee who had , many years before , chosen `` David Lee '' as his stage name without knowing of the connection to Jolson . The show featured tributes to Jolson from Clive Baldwin , David Jacobs and , of course , Davey Lee himself . After suffering a stroke , Davey Lee was admitted to Windsor Gardens Healthcare Centre in Van Nuys , California , and died from natural causes in Los Angeles on June 17 , 2008 ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Child_(rugby_league)", "title": "", "text": "Lee Child ( born 28 September 1974 ) is a professional rugby league footballer of the 1990s , playing at representative level for Ireland , and at club level for Wakefield Trinity , Featherstone Rovers , and Ovenden ARLFC , as a ." }, { "docid": "Eugene_Lee", "title": "", "text": "Eugene Lee may refer to : Eugene Gordon Lee ( 1933 -- 2005 ) , American child actor Eugene Lee ( actor ) ( born 1953 ) , African-American actor Eugene C. Lee Korean-American radio deejay , actor , and cable television host Eugene Lee ( designer ) ( born 1933 ) , American set designer Eugene Lee ( entrepreneur ) , American businessman Eugene Lee ( writer ) , American television writer ( Homicide : Life on the Street )" }, { "docid": "Helen_Rowland_(actress)", "title": "", "text": "Helen Rowland ( sometimes credited as Baby Helen Rowland or Baby Helen Lee ; born October 23 , 1919 ) is an American child actress in silent films in the 1920s . She appeared in nine films between , 1922 and 1927 . Her first film was in an adaptation of Silas Marner ." }, { "docid": "Jason_Lydiate", "title": "", "text": "Jason Lee Lydiate ( born 29 October 1971 ) is an English former professional footballer . He is currently a coach with Rochdale ." }, { "docid": "William_Lee_(bishop_of_Waterford_and_Lismore)", "title": "", "text": "William Lee ( born 2 December 1941 ) is the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of Waterford and Lismore in Ireland . Lee was born in Newport , County Tipperary . He is the eldest of the five children of John and Delia Lee , who ran a public house and auctioneering business in the town . Lee received his early education at the local Convent of Mercy and Boys ' National Schools and later went to Rockwell College . He studied for the priesthood at St Patrick 's College , Maynooth and was ordained for the priesthood in the Diocese of Cashel and Emly on 19 June 1966 . Lee studied in canon law at Maynooth , where he received a doctorate in 1969 . He then served for two years in the large parish of Finglas West , Dublin . He also studied for a time at the Pontifical Gregorian University , Rome . Lee was appointed Professor of Philosophy and bursar at St Patrick 's College , Thurles . For 15 years he was Director of the Catholic Marriage Advisory Council of Cashel Diocese . He also served on the Cork Regional Marriage Tribunal . He was President of St Patrick 's College , Thurles from 1987 to 1993 . Lee was consecrated Bishop of the Diocese of Waterford and Lismore on 25 July 1993 . In 1998 , Lee was appointed Secretary of the Irish Episcopal Conference . In March 2010 it was reported that Bishop Lee waited two years in the mid-1990s before telling police about complaints from two people in connection with allegations of child abuse . He did not explain why he had taken so long to report the matter . On October 1 , 2013 it was announced that Pope Francis had accepted the resignation of Bishop Lee due to on going health problems ." }, { "docid": "Herrick_L._Johnston", "title": "", "text": "Herrick Lee Johnston ( 29 March 1898 -- 6 October 1965 ) was an American scientist specializing in cryogenics , born in Jacksonville , Ohio ." }, { "docid": "Anne_Wharton", "title": "", "text": "Anne Wharton , née Lee ( born 20 July 1659 at Ditchley Park , Oxfordshire , died 29 October 1685 at Adderbury , Oxfordshire ) was an English poet and verse dramatist ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Mason", "title": "", "text": "Lee Stephen Mason ( born 29 October 1971 ) is an English professional football referee from Bolton , Greater Manchester . Since 2006 , Mason has been on the list of Select Group Referees who officiate in the Premier League . Mason is a former chairman of the Bolton Referees ' Society and is associated with the Lancashire County Football Association . His younger brother , Andy Mason , is a former professional footballer who played for Bolton Wanderers , among others ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Boltin", "title": "", "text": "Lee Boltin ( November 19 , 1917 - October 29 , 1991 ) was an American photographer ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Childs", "title": "", "text": "Lee Childs ( born 6 November 1982 , in Yeovil ) is a retired British tennis player from England . Following match victories in 2000 , Childs was hailed as `` the future of British tennis '' and a successor to Tim Henman and Greg Rusedski . At the 2003 Wimbledon Championships , he famously defeated Nikolay Davydenko in the first round in 5 sets . The score was 2-6 , 7-6 ( 2 ) , 1-6 , 7-6 ( 5 ) , 6-2 . He then lost in the next round to a 16-year-old Rafael Nadal in straight sets , 6-2 , 6-4 , 6-3 ." }, { "docid": "Sonia_Lee", "title": "", "text": "Sonia Lee ( born April 12 , 1960 ) is a Korean-born entrepreneur best known as the co-founder and president of Fullpower Technologies . Sonia Lee also co-founded LightSurf and Starfish Software . She is married to Philippe Kahn , CEO of Fullpower Technologies . They have one child . Together , they run an environmental charity , the Lee-Kahn Foundation . She is known for her passion for landscape and still life paintings ." }, { "docid": "Alice_Roosevelt", "title": "", "text": "Alice Lee Roosevelt may refer to : Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt ( 1861 -- 1884 ) , the first wife of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt Alice Roosevelt Longworth ( 1884 -- 1980 ) , born Alice Lee Roosevelt ; the only child of Theodore Roosevelt and Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt" }, { "docid": "Sridevi_Vijaykumar", "title": "", "text": "Sridevi Vijaykumar ( born 29 October 1986 ) is an Indian film actress . Starting off as a child artist in the 1992 Tamil film Rickshaw Mama , she has appeared in Tamil , Telugu and Kannada language films ." }, { "docid": "Lee_W._Fulton", "title": "", "text": "Lee W. Fulton ( May 30 , 1910 -- October 29 , 1976 ) was a Major General in the United States Air Force ." }, { "docid": "Lee_Joon-ha", "title": "", "text": "Lee Joon-ha ( born April 15 , 2001 ) is a South Korean actress . Lee began her career as a child actress , notably as the protagonist 's daughter in the thriller Midnight FM ( 2010 ) ." }, { "docid": "Robert_Lee_Davis", "title": "", "text": "Robert Lee Davis ( October 29 , 1893 -- May 5 , 1967 ) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania ." } ]
82056	Tequila is incapable of being made in Mexico.	[ { "docid": "Tequila", "title": "", "text": "Tequila ( Spanish ) is a regionally specific name for a distilled beverage made from the blue agave plant , primarily in the area surrounding the city of Tequila , 65 km northwest of Guadalajara , and in the highlands ( Los Altos ) of the central western Mexican state of Jalisco . Although tequila is similar to mezcal , modern tequila differs somewhat in the method of its production , in the use of only blue agave plants , as well as in its regional specificity . Tequila is commonly served neat in Mexico and as a shot with salt and lime across the rest of the world . The red volcanic soil in the surrounding region is particularly well suited to the growing of the blue agave , and more than 300 million of the plants are harvested there each year . Agave grows differently depending on the region . Blue agaves grown in the highlands Los Altos region are larger in size and sweeter in aroma and taste . Agaves harvested in the lowlands , on the other hand , have a more herbaceous fragrance and flavor . Mexican laws state that tequila can only be produced in the state of Jalisco and limited municipalities in the states of Guanajuato , Michoacán , Nayarit , and Tamaulipas . Tequila is recognized as a Mexican designation of origin product in more than 40 countries . It is protected through NAFTA in Canada and the United States , through bilateral agreements with individual countries such as Japan and Israel , and has been a protected designation of origin product in the constituent countries of the European Union since 1997 . Tequila is most often made at a 38 % alcohol content ( 76 U.S. proof ) for domestic consumption , but can be produced between 31 and 55 % alcohol content ( 62 and 110 U.S. proof ) . Per U.S law , tequila must contain at least 40 % alcohol ( 80 U.S. proof ) to be sold in the United States ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Tequila_Herradura", "title": "", "text": "Tequila Herradura ( officially Grupo Industrial Herradura ) is a tequila distiller located in Amatitán , Jalisco , Mexico . It was formally founded in 1870 by Félix López and the business remained in the family for over 125 years . Today it is owned by US beverage maker Brown-Forman , but the tequila is still made in the same place and facilities under a Mexican subsidiary . Tequila products sold under the Herradura name are 100 % agave . The company makes other tequila products such as El Jimador , which is the best selling tequila in Mexico , as well as New Mix , a tequila and grapefruit soda beverage . Since its acquisition by Brown-Forman , Herradura has had a number of promotional efforts in Mexico and the United States , including inviting artists to use tequila barrels at the bases for art pieces , which are then displayed and auctioned off for charity ." }, { "docid": "Espolon", "title": "", "text": "Tequila El Espolòn is a brand of tequila from Campari America , the sixth largest spirits company in the United States . The tequila is produced by the San Nicolas Distillery in the Los Altos ( Highlands ) region of Jalisco , Mexico , famous for its cultivation of agave plants . Made entirely from blue agave , El Espolòn ( or simply , Espolòn ) was created by Cirilo Oropeza , and was first produced in 1998 . It is currently distributed in Mexico , the United States and select markets elsewhere . It is the first tequila to release variants of reposado ." }, { "docid": "Casa_Dragones", "title": "", "text": "Called `` Todays Tastemakers ' Top Tequila '' by Forbes , Casa Dragones is a handcrafted , small batch , luxury tequila producer made in Tequila , Jalisco , Mexico . Casa Dragones was founded in 2008 by MTV creator and iHeartMedia ( iHeartradio ) CEO Robert W. Pittman and tequila industry expert Bertha González Nieves , the first woman to be certified as ` Maestra Tequilera ' by the Academia Mexicana de Catadores de Tequila , the organization recognized by The Tequila Regulatory Council ." }, { "docid": "Santera_Tequila", "title": "", "text": "Santera Tequila is a brand of tequila 100 % blue weber agave tequila produced and bottled in Jalisco , Mexico . The agave for Santera Tequila is grown in the red volcanic soil of the dormant Volcán de Tequila . It is created by master distiller Sebastian Melendrez . The tequila is made with highland agave containing 21 degrees brix ( sugar content ) , the pinas are roasted for up to 54 hours in hornos ( brick ovens ) . After distillation , Santera Tequila undergoes a proprietary filtration process for each interpretation . The Blanco is unaged , the Reposado is aged for seven months and the Añejo for sixteen months in American oak barrels . All three tequilas are kosher certified ." }, { "docid": "Patrón", "title": "", "text": "Patrón is a brand of tequila products produced in Mexico by the Patrón Spirits Company . Patrón tequila is offered in several different varieties : Gran Patrón Burdeos , Gran Patrón Platinum , Gran Patrón Piedra , Patrón Silver , Patrón Añejo , and Patrón Reposado . It is also available in a tequila-coffee blend known as Patrón XO Cafe , a tequila-chocolate-coffee blend known as Patrón XO Cafe Dark Cocoa , and an orange liqueur known as Patrón Citrónge . Patrón tequilas , like all tequilas , are made from the `` Maguey '' ( heart or core ) of the blue agave plant ." }, { "docid": "Casa_Noble", "title": "", "text": "Casa Noble is a brand of premium 100 % blue agave tequila produced by the Casa Noble Tequila Company . It is a CCOF certified organic tequila . Casa Noble is distributed in the United States by Constellation Brands Inc. . The tequila is made from estate-grown agaves cooked in traditional stone ovens ; these are naturally fermented and distilled three times . Casa Noble Reposado and Añejo are aged in White French Oak . Casa Noble has been the winner of many accolades including `` double gold winner '' of the San Francisco World Spirit Competition in 2007 and 2009 and `` best tequila '' in Mexico by Academia Mexicana del Tequila ." }, { "docid": "Tres_Agaves", "title": "", "text": "Tres Agaves is a brand of Tequila produced in the town of Tequila located in Jalisco , Mexico . Tres Agaves Tequilas are made from 100 % Blue Agave by a family-owned distillery . Tres Agaves Products Inc. produces three varieties of Tequila : Blanco , Reposado and Añejo . Additionally , the company offers three alcohol-free mixer products : Tres Agaves Organic Margarita Mix , Tres Agaves Cocktail-Ready Agave Nectar , and Tres Agaves Organic Bloody Mary Mix ." }, { "docid": "Tequila,_Jalisco", "title": "", "text": "Santiago de Tequila ( Spanish ; Tequillan , Tecuila `` place of tribute '' ) is a town and municipality located in the state of Jalisco about 60 km from the city of Guadalajara . Tequila is best known as being the birthplace of the drink that bears its name , `` tequila , '' which is made from the blue agave plant , native to this area . The heart of the plant contains sugars and had been used by native peoples here to make a fermented drink . After the Spanish arrived , they took this fermented beverage and distilled it , producing the tequila known today . The popularity of the drink and the history behind it has made the town and the area surrounding it a World Heritage Site . It was also named a `` Pueblo Mágico '' ( Magical Town ) in 2003 by the Mexican federal government . Tequila has also been famous for being the prime setting in the successful Televisa telenovela Destilando Amor , starring Angélica Rivera and Eduardo Yáñez . The coat of arms of the municipality was officially adopted on 31 December 1983 by the municipal council . It contains the Latin phrase ALMA LAETA NOBILIS , meaning `` cheerful and noble soul . '' Its representative symbols include the tower of the main church in the town of Tequila , the chimneys of the distilleries , the agave plant and Tequila Mountain ." }, { "docid": "Arette_(tequila)", "title": "", "text": "Arette is a brand of Tequila produced by Tequila ARETTE de Jalisco founded in the 1900s by the Orendain family and run by Eduardo and Jaime Orendain since 1976 . The name of the brand comes from ARETE which was the name of the horse that under Humberto Mariles won 1 bronze and 2 Gold Olympic medals in Jumping . The brand was introduced in 1986 to commemorate this event , which so far are the only Gold medals for Mexico in this discipline The masters distillers Eduardo and Jaime Orendain , grandsons of Don Eduardo , represent the fifth generation producing tequila . Eduardo is also a former Mayor of the town of Tequila and is the current president of the National Chamber for the Tequila Industry ( CNIT ) . Arette 's El Llano distillery operates in the original building where the Orendain family history of Tequila production began in the early 1900s . El Llano was rebuilt in 1978 and today 's Arette Tequila was created in 1986 . It is located in the Tequila city center and is a focal point of its history . Arette Tequila is only made from 100 % Estate Agave . The Orendain brothers have always prioritized quality over quantity -- they follow their grandfather 's footsteps by preserving the original artisanal practices and continue the family legacy of the highest quality Tequila ." }, { "docid": "Agave_wine", "title": "", "text": "Agave Wine like tequila comes from the webber blue agave . These plants take up to 10 years to mature before harvest . Also like tequila ; agave wine comes in 100 % de agave and mixto versions . The process of making 100 % de agave wine starts the same way as making tequila . Mature agave is harvested and cooked in large ovens to release sugars within the plant . The aguimel or `` honey water '' is then extracted from the plant using crushing rollers called `` molinas . '' The aguimel is then fermented to between 6-10 % ABV . The next step is what differentiates agave wine from tequila ; instead of taking and distilling the fermented aguimel to make tequila , agave wine is then filtered and 100 % de agave blanco tequila at 55 % ABV is added to `` fortify '' the wine to 24 % ABV . Like tequila if the label does not say 100 % de agave it is made with a neutral spirit other than tequila . In a `` mixto '' agave wine the fermented aguimel is fortified with in most cases a grain neutral spirit which is far less expensive . 100 % de agave wine has long been used in traditional Mexican margaritas and is said to make margaritas that are as good if not better than traditional tequila based margaritas . Agave wine is popular in Mexico , and is growing in popularity in the United States . It is made from the same plant as tequila , and therefore has a similar flavor . Agave wine is much lower in alcohol content , however . This is its main attraction in the U.S. , where it can be sold by vendors that do not have a liquor license . Agave wine is fermented and filtered to retain the agave flavor . It can be drunk chilled , on the rocks , or with mixers ." }, { "docid": "Tequila_Slammer", "title": "", "text": "A Tequila Slammer ( known in Mexico as a muppet or mópet ) is a cocktail served in a rocks glass . It is made with equal parts tequila and a carbonated beverage , often 7 Up , ginger ale , lemonade , or Mountain Dew ( although the original mix was with lime-lemon Yoli -- a soft drink from Acapulco -- and in the mid - '80s the grapefruit-flavored soft drink Squirt was popular ) . Champagne can also be used , and this is called a Slammer Royale or Golden Slammer ." }, { "docid": "Señor_Río", "title": "", "text": "Señor Río is an ultra-premium brand of tequila produced in Tequila , Jalisco , Mexico and imported by Jalisco International Imports . Made from 100 % Blue Weber Agaves , harvested in the Jalisco lowlands , Señor Río comes in three varieties : Blanco , `` Reposado '' , and Añejo ." }, { "docid": "Zoogoneticus_tequila", "title": "", "text": "Zoogoneticus tequila , Tequila splitfin or simply Tequila fish , is a species of goodeid fish ( family Goodeidae ) from Mexico . The specific epithet , tequila , derives from the Tequila Volcano , which looms near the type locality ." }, { "docid": "Bertha_González_Nieves", "title": "", "text": "Bertha González Nieves ( born May 6 , 1970 , Mexico City , Mexico ) is a Mexican businesswoman , whose career is rooted in the consumer luxury goods market . Forbes has identified her as one of the 50 most powerful women in Mexico . She has also been named one of Mexico 's top young businesswomen by Revista Expansión , Mexico 's leading business magazine . Her career has had an emphasis on the tequila industry . She is the first woman to be certified as ` Maestra Tequilera ' by the Academia Mexicana de Catadores de Tequila , the organization recognized by The Tequila Regulatory Council ( CRT ) ." }, { "docid": "Olmeca_Tequila", "title": "", "text": "Olmeca Tequila is a tequila produced in Jalisco , Mexico . Olmeca is owned by the Pernod Ricard Group . There are three tequilas in the Olmeca family : Olmeca , Olmeca Altos and Olmeca Tezón - all of which contain Tahona Liquid . Olmeca was launched in 1967 and now has a presence in 80 countries worldwide . Olmeca is a mix of Tequila . Olmeca Altos 100 % Agave Tequila was launched in November 2009 . Olmeca Tezón is a 100 % Agave , 100 % Tahona Liquid Tequila ." }, { "docid": "Cruz_Tequila", "title": "", "text": "CRUZ del Sol Tequila is a brand of tequila produced in the highlands of Jalisco , Mexico by Los Diablos International , Inc. . The company currently offers two varieties of tequila , a blanco and a reposado ." }, { "docid": "Don_Julio", "title": "", "text": "Don Julio is a brand of tequila produced in Mexico . It is the largest brand in value and eight largest in volume . It is distilled , manufactured , bottled , sold , and distributed by Tequila Don Julio , S.A. de C.V. from its corporate facility in the Colonia El Chichimeco district , in the city of Atotonilco El Alto , Jalisco , Mexico . It is distributed in the United States by Diageo , under licensing from its patent holder , Tequila Don Julio , Sociedad Anónima de Capital Variable , Jalisco , Mexico , but it is sold worldwide ." }, { "docid": "Everglo", "title": "", "text": "Everglo is a liqueur that combines tequila and vodka . Everglo is the first ever combination of vodka and tequila . It is made in Baarle-Nassau on the Dutch-Belgium border by a company called Zuidam Distillers and distributed by the American company , Carolina One . The first shipment of Everglo was in July 2004 . Aside from being a mix of vodka and tequila , Everglo is distilled with fresh lemons and limes . Everglo was purchased by Carolina One in December 2009 . Category : Liqueurs" }, { "docid": "Sauza_Tequila", "title": "", "text": "Sauza Tequila Import Company is a producer of tequila located in Tequila , a municipality of the state of Jalisco , Mexico . It was founded in 1873 when Don Cenobio Sauza started La Perseverancia distillery . Sauza Tequila Import Company is owned by Beam Suntory , headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Deerfield , Illinois . Their products include : Sauza , Conmemorativo , Hornitos , Tres Generaciones ." }, { "docid": "1800_Tequila", "title": "", "text": "1800 Tequila is a brand of tequila owned by the Beckmann Family , who also own the Jose Cuervo brand . The 100 % blue agave tequila is bottled in Jalisco , Mexico . 1800 is named after the year tequila was first aged in oak casks , and is sold throughout the world . In the United States , the brand is imported and distributed by the Beckmann family 's US distribution company , Proximo Spirits ." }, { "docid": "Tila_Tequila", "title": "", "text": "Thien Thanh Thi Nguyen ( born October 24 , 1981 ) , better known by her stage names Tila Tequila , Tila Nguyen and Miss Tila , is an American television and social media personality . She first gained recognition for her active presence on social networking websites . After becoming the most popular person on Myspace , Tequila was offered to star in her own reality television series . Her bisexual-themed dating show , A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila ( 2007 ) , aired for two seasons and became MTV 's second highest-rated series premiere of that year . Born in Singapore and raised in Houston , Texas , Tequila moved to Los Angeles in 2001 to pursue her modeling career . After being featured in numerous men 's magazines ( including Playboy , Stuff and Maxim ) , she made her reality television debut on the VH1 show Surviving Nugent ( 2003 ) . Besides her career in modeling and television , Tequila also pursued her career as a recording artist and author . She was the lead singer of the bands Beyond Betty Jean and Jealousy , before launching a solo career . Her debut single `` I Love U '' was released in 2007 to mixed reviews . Despite having strong online sales , the song failed to enter any charts . Tequila followed with several independently released singles , including `` Stripper Friends '' and `` Paralyze '' . In 2010 , she released her second EP Welcome to the Dark Side . Her book , Hooking Up With Tila Tequila : A Guide to Love , Fame , Happiness , Success , and Being the Life of the Party was published in 2008 . She has subsequently received negative attention for her support of Hitler , as well as antisemitic and white nationalist comments , which led to her expulsion from Celebrity Big Brother ." }, { "docid": "Tila_Tequila_discography", "title": "", "text": "American recording artist Tila Tequila has released two extended plays , five singles , and five music videos . After being allegedly offered recording contracts from Jive , Interscope and will.i.am Music Group , she decided to stay independent and kept releasing music under her own labels StratArt and later , Little Miss Trendsetter . Originally being the lead singer of bands Beyond Betty Jean and Jealousy , Tequila embarked on a solo career in 2007 . Her debut single , `` I Love U '' , received mixed reviews from music critics and failed to enter the Billboard Hot 100 . However , it sold over 13,000 copies in its first week . Shortly after the release of her first single , Washington-based record label The Saturday Team released Tequila 's debut EP , Sex ( 2007 ) , which according to her was not authorized for release and was removed from most retailers . The record label sued Tequila over breaching her contract related to the album and subsequently made Sex available for digital purchase . Her second single , `` Stripper Friends '' , failed both critically and commercially , selling less than 1,000 copies in its first week . By 2010 , Tequila decided to reinvent her image and changed her stage name to Miss Tila . Her first single released under the new moniker was `` I Love My DJ '' , along with an explicit version of the song `` I Fucked the DJ '' . Released under her newly established label Little Miss Trendsetter , the single received negative reviews and failed to be successful in charts . She followed with the release of her second EP , Welcome to the Darkside ( 2010 ) , which marked a musical departure from her previous material , being influenced mainly by classical music and blues ." }, { "docid": "Sol_de_Mexico_Tequila", "title": "", "text": "Sol de Mexico is a brand of 100 % blue agave tequila produced by Productos Regionales de Atotonilco , S.A. de C.V. . This brand has over 50 years history ." }, { "docid": "Controy", "title": "", "text": "Distilled in Mexico since 1933 , Controy or Naranja ( US Market Name ) is an orange liqueur credited as being used in the first Margarita . The commonly accepted origin story of the Margarita is that it was invented in October 1941 , at Hussong 's Cantina in Esenada , Mexico , by bartender Don Carlos Orozco . One afternoon , Margarita Henkel , the daughter of the then German ambassador visited the cantina and Don Carlos who had been experimenting with drinks offered her one . The cocktail consisted of equal parts of tequila , the mentioned orange liqueur and lime , shaken and served over ice in a salt-rimmed glass . As she was the first to try the drink , Don Carlos decided to name it after her and the `` Margarita '' was born . For nearly a century Controy was only available in Mexico . In 2013 , Pura Vida Tequila Company of Houston , Texas acquired the rights to export Mexico 's top-selling , extra-fine orange liqueur for sale in the United States . For legal purposes , the name was changed from Controy to Naranja , which translates to `` orange '' in Spanish . Naranja can be drunk straight or used in a premium cocktail . No artificial flavors or chemical enhancers are added . Naranja is available currently in 1 Liter-sized bottle only ." }, { "docid": "Jose_Cuervo", "title": "", "text": "Jose Cuervo is a brand of tequila . It is the best-selling tequila in the world , with a 35.1 % market share of the tequila sector worldwide and a 33.66 % share of the US tequila sector as of July 2013 . As of 2012 , Jose Cuervo sells 3.5 million cases of tequila in the US annually , and a fifth of the world 's tequila by volume . Jose Cuervo is family-owned and is run today by the Beckmann family of Mexico , descendants of Don Jose Antonio de Cuervo . Juan-Domingo Beckmann , son of Juan Beckmann , is the sixth-generation leader of the company . In July 2013 Proximo Spirits took over US distribution of Jose Cuervo from Diageo , which had managed it since 1997 ." }, { "docid": "Avión_tequila", "title": "", "text": "Tequila Avión ( NOM 1416 , DOT 138 ) is produced in Jalisco , Mexico from the Agave grown in the highest elevations . Tequila Avión has won multiple awards in 2011 and 2012 San Francisco World Spirits Competition ." }, { "docid": "Tres_Generaciones", "title": "", "text": "Tres Generaciones ( NOM : 1102 ) is a premium tequila produced in Tequila , a municipality of the state of Jalisco , Mexico . It was created in 1973 by Don Francisco Javier Sauza to honor the three successive generations of tequila makers of the Sauza family since 1873 : Don Cenobio , Don Eladio , and Don Javier Sauza . Tres Generaciones is owned by Sauza Tequila Import Company , headquartered in the Chicago suburb Deerfield , IL , USA ." }, { "docid": "Tequila_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Tequila is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented agave juice . Tequila may also refer to : `` Tequila '' ( song ) , a 1958 surf instrumental song by The Champs Tequila and Bonetti , a television series A song by British rock band Terrorvision Tequila ( band ) , a Spanish rock band of the 1970s and early 1980s Tequila Express , a regional train for tourists in the Mexican state of Jalisco Tequila Marjoram , a fictional character in the Galaxy Angel series Tila Tequila ( born 1981 ) , Vietnamese-American model and television personality Tequila Yuen , a character from the movie Hard Boiled and the subsequent video game Stranglehold Tequila ( Wes Montgomery album ) , 1966 Tequila ( Brand New Sin album ) TeQuila ( born January 27 , 1985 ) , Namibian singer" }, { "docid": "El_Tesoro_tequila", "title": "", "text": "El Tesoro is a brand of tequila produced at a distillery in Jalisco , Mexico , where the family that founded the distillery is still involved in the business . In the United States , the brand is marketed by Beam Suntory . The producer claims to use labor-intensive traditional methods for making the tequila ." }, { "docid": "Dos_Lunas_Tequila", "title": "", "text": "Dos Lunas is a line of 100 % blue agave tequilas produced in Guadalajara , Jalisco , Mexico , by Dos Lunas Spirits , LLC , headquartered in El Paso , Texas . The brand has the first triple-distilled silver tequila , a month aged Reposado , 18 month aged Añejo and 10 year old Extra Añejo ." } ]
216929	Michael Phelps holds three long course world records for swimming.	[ { "docid": "Michael_Phelps", "title": "", "text": "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . In winning eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the 100 meter butterfly , 200 meter butterfly , and 400 meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200 meter freestyle and 200 meter individual medley . He has won 83 medals in major international long course competition , of which 66 were gold , 14 silver , and 3 bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . His unprecedented Olympic success in 2008 earned Phelps Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but in April 2014 he made a comeback . At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , his fifth Olympics , he won five golds and one silver . Phelps was chosen to be a captain of the 2016 US Olympic team , and was also voted by his team to be the flag bearer of the United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Ryan_Lochte", "title": "", "text": "Ryan Steven Lochte ( -LSB- ˈlɒkti -RSB- , ; born August 3 , 1984 ) is an American competitive swimmer , a 12-time Olympic medalist ( six gold , three silver , three bronze ) , which ranks him second in swimming behind Michael Phelps . His seven individual Olympic medals rank near the top in men 's swimming . As part of the American teams , he holds the world record in the 4 × 200-meter freestyle ( long course ) and 4x100-meter freestyle ( mixed ) relay . Individually , he currently holds the world record in the 200-meter individual medley ( long and short course ) and 400-meter individual medley ( short course ) . Lochte 's success has earned him SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for US Male Swimmer of the Year in 2013 , the World Swimmer of the Year Award and the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice . He has also been named the FINA Swimmer of the Year three times . He has won a total of 90 medals in major international competition , 54 gold , 22 silver , and 14 bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , Pan American , and Pan Pacific Championships . Lochte specializes in the backstroke and individual medley , but is also a freestyle and butterfly swimmer . He is noted for the speed and distance he attains while kicking underwater . Lochte is also known for his dominance in the short course format ( 25-yard and 25-meter-long swimming pools ) . Lochte swam the 100m individual medley in 50.71 seconds on December 15 , 2012 at the FINA World Championships in Istanbul , Turkey . At this same event , he is also credited with swimming the fastest 200m medley , leading him to finish in 1 minute 49.63 seconds . In 2016 , Lochte generated international controversy when he falsely claimed that he and three other American swimmers had been pulled over and robbed by armed robbers with police badges while in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , for the 2016 Summer Olympics ." }, { "docid": "Krisztina_Egerszegi", "title": "", "text": "Krisztina Egerszegi ( -LSB- ˈkristinɒ ˈɛɡɛrsɛɡi -RSB- ; born 16 August 1974 ) is a Hungarian former world record holding swimmer and one of the greatest Hungarian Olympic champions of the modern era . She is a three-time Olympian ( 1988 , 1992 and 1996 ) and five time Olympic champion ; and one of three individuals ( Dawn Fraser and Michael Phelps being the other two ) to have ever won the same swimming event at three consecutive Summer Olympics . She is the most successful and greatest individual female swimmer ever , having won five individual Olympic gold medals , the only female swimmer to do so . Katie Ledecky of the United States matched her total of 5 Olympic gold medals , winning 1 individual gold in London 2012 , 3 individual ones and one team gold in Rio in 2016 . Egerszegi held the world record in the long course 200 m backstroke for almost 17 years ." }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2005_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_individual_medley", "title": "", "text": "The Men 's 200 Individual Medley ( or I.M. ) event at the 2005 FINA World Aquatics Championships was swum 27 -- 28 July 2005 in Montreal , Canada . Preliminary and Semifinal heats were 27 July ; the Final 28 July . The top-16 swimmers from the Prelims in the morning advanced to the 1 of 2 Seminfinal in the evening ; the top-8 swimmers from the Semifinals then advanced to the Final the next evening . As the Swimming portion of the World Championships are swum in a long course ( 50m ) pool , this race consisted of 4 lengths . As it was an IM event , each length was a different stroke , swum in the order of : butterfly , backstroke , breaststroke and then freestyle . At the start of the event , the existing World ( WR ) and Championships ( CR ) records were : WR : 1:55.94 , Michael Phelps ( USA ) , swum 9 August 2003 in College Park , USA ; CR : 1:56.04 , Michael Phelps ( USA ) , swum 25 July 2003 in Barcelona , Spain . No new world or competition records were set during this competition ." }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2005_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_butterfly", "title": "", "text": "The Men 's 200 Butterfly event at the 11th FINA World Aquatics Championships was swum on 26 -- 27 July 2005 in Montreal , Canada . The Preliminary and Semifinal heats were on 26 July ; the final was held on 27 July . As the Championships were swum in a long course pool , this race consisted of 4 lengths of the pool , butterfly . At the start of the event , the existing World ( WR ) and Championships records were : 1:53.93 , Michael Phelps ( USA ) , Barcelona , Spain , 22 July 2003 ." }, { "docid": "Missy_Franklin", "title": "", "text": "Melissa Jeanette `` Missy '' Franklin ( born May 10 , 1995 ) is a Canadian-American competition swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist . She currently holds the world record in the 200-meter backstroke ( long course ) and American records in both the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke ( long course ) . As a member of the U.S. national swim team , she also holds the world record in the 4 × 100-meter medley relay ( short course and long course ) . In her Olympic debut at the 2012 Summer Olympics at age 17 , Franklin won a total of five medals , four of which were gold . She swept the women 's backstroke events , winning gold in both the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke . Franklin 's successes have earned her Swimming World 's World Swimmer of the Year and the American Swimmer of the Year award in 2012 as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2011 and 2012 . In total , she has won twenty-seven medals in international competition : sixteen gold , six silver , and five bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the short course World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Franklin 's eleven gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships is a record in women 's swimming . Franklin holds dual American and Canadian citizenship , and chose to compete for the U.S. national swim team ." }, { "docid": "Katinka_Hosszú", "title": "", "text": "Katinka Hosszú ( -LSB- ˈkɒtinkɒ ˈhosːuː -RSB- ; born 3 May 1989 ) is a Hungarian competitive swimmer , who specializes in individual medley events . She is a three-time Olympic champion and a five-time long-course world champion . Hosszú is the world record holder in 100 m individual medley , 200 m individual medley ( long course and short course ) , 400 m individual medley ( long course and short course ) , 100 m backstroke ( short course ) and 200 m backstroke ( short course ) . She is the first swimmer to hold world records in all five individual medley events at the same time . She holds two-thirds of the Hungarian national records . Hosszu was named FINA Swimmer of the Year in 2014 , 2015 , and 2016 , and won SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for Female Swimmer of the Year in 2013 . She competed at four Summer Olympics : 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 . She currently swims for the Vasas SC , under head coach Shane Tusup , who is also her husband . She is one of the most versatile swimmers in the world , and was nicknamed the `` Iron Lady '' , which she has since turned into a fast growing International brand . She is the first race-prize dollar millionaire in swimming history ." }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2011_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_individual_medley", "title": "", "text": "The men 's 200 metre individual medley competition of the swimming events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships took place July 27 and 28 . The heats and semifinals took place July 27 and the final was held July 28 . The two main contenders for the event were the reigning World Champion and world record holder Ryan Lochte and Michael Phelps , the reigning Olympic champion . The final was won by Lochte in a world record time 1:54.00 , bettering his previous time of 1:54.10 . Phelps finished in second place with a personal best time of 1:54.16 . So emphatic was Lochte and Phelps performance , that third-place finisher László Cseh said , `` The Americans are too good for me . Only Ryan can beat Michael , but I can improve myself and continue to swim faster . ''" }, { "docid": "Thiago_Pereira", "title": "", "text": "Thiago Machado Vilela Pereira ( born January 26 , 1986 ) is a Brazilian international competition swimmer . One of the greatest swimmers in the history of Brazil , Pereira won the silver medal in the 400-meter individual medley at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , beating the then-current Olympic champion Michael Phelps . He also broke a world record in the short course 200-meter individual medley , and broke several South American and Brazilian records . During his career , he competed with swimming legends Michael Phelps and Ryan Lochte . Pereira is a resident of Belo Horizonte , and became known as Ricardo Prado 's successor in his native country after winning the silver medal in the 200-meter individual medley at the Pan American Games in Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic in 2003 . In 2004 , he won the world title in the same event at the 2004 FINA Short Course World Championships . After that , Pereira won six gold medals at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro , breaking the record of five gold medals won in one Pan American Games , previously held by Mark Spitz . Pereira broke the short course 200-meter individual medley world record later that same year . He represented Brazil at three consecutive Summer Olympics , starting in 2004 . As of July 2015 , Pereira is the Brazilian athlete with most gold medals won in Pan American Games : 15 earned in four Pan American Games . In 2015 , Pereira became the athlete with the most medals in the history of Pan American Games , surpassing the Cuban gymnast Eric López , who won 22 medals between 1991 and 2003 . Pereira finished Toronto with 23 total medals ." }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics", "title": "", "text": "The swimming competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place from 9 to 17 August 2008 at the Beijing National Aquatics Centre . The newly introduced open water marathon events ( 10 km ) were held on 20 and 21 August 2008 at Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park . Swimming featured 34 events ( 17 male , 17 female ) , including two 10 km open-water marathons . The remaining 32 were contested in a 50 m long course pool within the Olympic Park . United States claimed a total of 31 medals ( 12 golds , 9 silver , and 10 bronze ) in the leaderboard to maintain its standings as the most successful nation in swimming . A stellar performance in the pool also made an Olympic history for Michael Phelps , who captured eight gold medals to break Mark Spitz 's 1972 record , a total of seven , at a single Games . Despite the male swimmers failing to attain a single gold in swimming , Australia managed to repeat a second-place effort on its third consecutive Olympics with 20 medals ( six golds , six silver , and eight bronze ) . Meanwhile , Great Britain finished third with a total of six medals by the benefit of a sterling long-distance freestyle double from Rebecca Adlington . A total of 25 world records and 65 Olympic records were set during the competition ." }, { "docid": "Helge_Meeuw", "title": "", "text": "Helge Folkert Meeuw ( born 29 August 1984 from Wiesbaden , Germany ) is an Olympic and national record holding swimmer from Germany . He swam for Germany at the : Olympics : 2004 , 2008 , 2012 World Championships : 2003 , 2005 , 2007 , 2009 , 2011 European Championships : 2006 , 2012 World University Games : 2007 , 2009 Short Course Worlds : 2006 Short Course Europeans : 2004 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 , 2008 At the 2008 German Swimming Championships in Berlin , he swam in 53.10 sec a new European Record at 100m backstroke . He also holds 200 m ( short course and long course ) backstroke German national records in swimming ." }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics", "title": "", "text": "The swimming competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London took place from 28 July to 4 August at the Aquatics Centre . The open-water competition took place from 9 to 10 August in Hyde Park . Swimming featured 34 events ( 17 male , 17 female ) , including two 10 km open-water marathons in Hyde Park 's Serpentine lake . The remaining 32 were contested in a 50 m long course pool within the Olympic Park . United States claimed a total of 31 medals ( 16 golds , 9 silver , and 6 bronze ) in the leaderboard to maintain its supremacy as the most successful nation in swimming . Brought by an unprecedented sporting domination , Michael Phelps emerged as the most decorated Olympian of all time after winning six more medals at these Games to bring his total after the 2012 games to 22 ( 18 golds , 2 silver , and 2 bronze ) . Battling against the Americans for an overall medal count , China mounted to an unexpected second-place effort on the leaderboard with a tally of 10 medals ( five golds , three silver , and bronze ) after striking a superb double from Sun Yang in long-distance freestyle ( both 400 and 1500 m ) and Ye Shiwen in the individual medley ( both 200 and 400 m ) . Meanwhile , France ended on a spectacular fashion in third spot with a total of seven medals ( four golds , two silver , and one bronze ) , followed by the Netherlands with four , including two golds from Ranomi Kromowidjojo in sprint freestyle ( both 50 and 100 m ) , and South Africa with three . For the first time since 1992 , Australia delivered an underwhelming performance with only a single triumph in the freestyle relay , but managed to bring home a total of ten medals . After not winning a gold in swimming since 2004 , Japan produced the most medals in the post-war era to build a tally of eleven ( three silver and eight bronze ) . In the post-techsuit era , a total of nine world records and twenty five Olympic records were set during the competition ." }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2007_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_butterfly", "title": "", "text": "The men 's 200 metre butterfly at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 27 March ( heats and semifinals ) and on the evening of 28 March ( final ) at Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne , Australia . 64 swimmers were entered in the event , of which 62 swam . Existing records at the start of the event were : World record ( WR ) : 1:53.71 , Michael Phelps ( USA ) , 17 February 2007 in Columbia , United States . Championship record ( CR ) : 1:53.98 , Michael Phelps ( USA ) , Barcelona , Spain ( 22 July 2003 )" }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2007_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_individual_medley", "title": "", "text": "The men 's 200 metre individual medley ( IM ) at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 28 March ( heats and semifinals ) and on the evening of 29 March ( final ) at Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne , Australia . 79 swimmers were entered in the event , of which 74 swam . Existing records at the start of the event were : World record ( WR ) : 1:55.84 , Michael Phelps ( USA ) , 20 August 2006 in Victoria , Canada . Championship record ( CR ) : 1:56.04 , Michael Phelps ( USA ) , Barcelona 2003 ( 25 July 2003 )" }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2005_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_400_metre_individual_medley", "title": "", "text": "The Men 's 400m Individual Medley ( or `` I.M. '' ) event at the 2005 FINA World Aquatics Championships was swum on 31 July 2005 in Montreal , Canada . Preliminary heats were held in the day 's morning session , with the top-8 finishers advancing to swim again in the event 's final that evening . Prior to the competition , the existing World ( WR ) and Championship ( CR ) records were as follows . WR : 4:08.26 swum by Michael Phelps ( USA ) on 14 August 2004 in Athens , Greece . CR : 4:09.09 swum by Michael Phelps ( USA ) on 27 July 2003 in Barcelona , Spain" }, { "docid": "List_of_Oceanian_records_in_swimming", "title": "", "text": "Below is a list of current Oceanian swimming records as ratified by the continental governing body Oceania Swimming Association . Currently , Australian swimmers hold all but 5 Oceanian records , held by New Zealanders Moss Burmester and Lauren Boyle : the men 's long-course and short-course 200m butterfly which are both held by Moss Burmester . the women 's long-course and short-course 800m freestyle , and long-course 1500m freestyle which are all held by Lauren Boyle ." }, { "docid": "Bronte_Campbell", "title": "", "text": "Bronte Campbell ( born 14 May 1994 ) is an Australian competitive swimmer who is an Olympic gold-winner , world champion , and world record-holder . Her older sister Cate is also a competitive swimmer who holds the current world record in both the short and long course 100 metre individual freestyle events . Bronte and Cate were the first Australian siblings on the same Olympic swimming team since the 1972 Olympics , and the first Australian sisters ever to compete in the same swimming event at the Olympics . Bronte Campbell won three gold medals at the 2015 World Championships , including the 50 and 100 metre freestyle events ." }, { "docid": "Craig_Benson_(swimmer)", "title": "", "text": "Craig Benson ( born 30 April 1994 ) is a Scottish competitive swimmer who has represented Great Britain at the Olympics and European Short Course Championships . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , he competed in the men 's 100-metre breaststroke , finishing in sixth place in the second semifinal , failing to reach the final . He also swam in the heats of the men 's 4x100-metre medley relay . He was the youngest member of the Great Britain swimming squad at these Olympics . In 2011 Benson , at 17 years old , was selected for the 2011 European Junior Swimming Championships in Belgrade , where he won a silver medal in the 100-metre breaststroke , was fourth in the 50-metre breaststroke , and also a member of the fourth-place 4x100-metre medley relay . A few weeks later Benson won the World Junior men 's championship for the 100-metre breaststroke at the FINA World Junior Swimming Championships in Lima , Peru in 2011 and was second in the 50-metre breaststroke . He holds the world junior men 's record for the 100-metre breaststroke . Benson then won the 50-metre , 100-metre and 200-metre breaststroke and won silver in the 4x100-metre medley relay at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games on the Isle of Man . and was named Athlete of the Games . Benson , won a bronze medal at the 2012 European Junior Swimming Championships in Antwerp , Belgium , 0.04 of a second behind the winner , Olympic swimmer Dănilă Artiomov . He also swam in the 2012 European Short Course Swimming Championships in Chartres , France , and was part of the medley relay squad that broke the British record . He was awarded the Sunday Mail Young Sports Personality of the Year award in 2012 . In 2013 he was swimming for Warrender Baths Club under coaches Laurel Bailey and Kris Gilchrist . Benson was fourth in the 100m breatstrolke at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow . Benson moved to the University of Stirling with a sports scholarship following the 2014 Commonwealth Games . He now studies and resides in the City . At the 2015 World University Games , Benson won two bronze medals in the 100 - and 200-metre breastroke events . He also won the 200-metre breaststroke at the US Open Championships , beating Michael Phelps in the process ." }, { "docid": "World_record_progression_4_×_50_metres_medley_relay", "title": "", "text": "This article includes the world record progression for the 4 × 50 metres medley relay and it shows the chronological history of world record times in that competitive short course swimming event . The 4 × 50 metres medley relay is a medley race in which each of four swimmers on a team swims a 50-metre leg of the relay , each swimming a different stroke , in the following sequence : Backstroke ( this can only be the first stroke , due to the necessity of starting this leg in the pool rather than by diving in ) ; Breaststroke ; Butterfly ; and Freestyle ( `` freestyle '' means any stroke other than backstroke , breaststroke or butterfly -- most swimmers use the front crawl ) . Swimming world records are recognized by and maintained by FINA ( `` Fédération Internationale de Natation '' ) , the international competitive swimming and aquatics federation that overseas the sport in international competition . World records in the medley relay event were first recognized by FINA in 1953 . The long course ( 50-metre pool ) world records are historically older than the short course ( 25-metre pool ) records . FINA amended its regulations governing the recognition of world records in 1956 ; specifically , FINA mandated that only record times that were contested in 50-metre ( or 55-yard ) pools were eligible for recognition after that time . The short-course world records have been separately recognized since 1991 . On July 25 , 2013 FINA Technical Swimming Congress voted to allow world records in the long course mixed 400 free relay and mixed 400 medley relay , as well as in six events in short course meters : the mixed 200 medley and 200 free relays , as well as the men 's and women 's 200 free relays and the men 's and women 's 200 medley relays . In October 2013 FINA decided to establish `` standards '' before something can be recognized as the first world record in these events . But later on March 13 , 2014 FINA has officially ratified the eight world records set by Indiana University swimmers at the IU Relay Rally held on September 26 , 2013 in Bloomington . It is possible to set an individual world record in the 50 metres backstroke by swimming the backstroke first leg of the 4 × 50-metre medley relay , except in the mixed relay . Swimming the other three legs of the medley relay can not qualify as world records as FINA criteria require a `` static start '' for world record recognition -- swimming relay exchanges are characterized as `` dynamic '' ." }, { "docid": "Albert_Subirats", "title": "", "text": "Albert Subirats Altes ( born September 25 , 1986 ) is an Olympic and national record holding swimmer from Venezuela . He represented his homeland at the 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Olympics . At the 2007 World Championships , Subirats won Venezuela 's first ( long course ) World Championships medal . Collegiately , he attended the University of Arizona in the United States , where he swam for the Arizona Wildcats swimming and diving team from 2004 to 2007 . While at Arizona , he was a 3-time individual NCAA champion , winning the 100 yd fly his junior and senior years ( 2006 , 2007 ) and the 100 back ( 2006 ) . As of June 2009 , he holds the Venezuelan records in the 50 m and 100 m freestyle , 50 m and 100 m backstroke and 50 & 100 m butterfly ( long course ) and was part of the 4 × 100 m freestyle and 4 × 100 m medley teams that hold those record . In the short course , he holds the 50 m backstroke and 50 m and 100 m butterfly records . He also holds the South American long course 100 m butterfly record , and the short course 50 m backstroke record . At the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games , he set a Games Record in winning the men 's 100 m freestyle ( 49.55 ) ; bettering the record of 50.00 set by fellow Venezuelan Francisco Sánchez on August 11 , 1998 at the 1998 Games in Maracaibo ." }, { "docid": "Santa_Clara_Swim_Club", "title": "", "text": "The Santa Clara Swim Club ( abbreviated SCSC ) is a renowned swimming club and team based in Santa Clara , California . Part of USA Swimming , it is a USA Swimming Gold Medal Club and a part of the Pacific LSC , sub-governed by Zone 1 South . Founded in 1951 by George Haines , the team 's coach until 1974 , the club has many notable alumni , including Donna de Varona , Pablo Morales , Don Schollander , Mark Spitz , Chris von Saltza , Lynn Burke , George Harrison , Steve Clark , and Paul Hait . Swimmers from the club have earned 71 Olympic medals : 42 gold , 18 silver , and 11 bronze . In 1966 , the City of Santa Clara built the Santa Clara International Swim Center , which became the home of the club . It was renamed the George F. Haines International Swim Center in June 2001 in honor of its founding coach . The Swim Center has hosted the Santa Clara International Grand Prix annually for 42 years . Since its inception , 23 world records , 333 American records , and 64 foreign national records have been set at the meet , including a world record set by Michael Phelps in 2004 . The Swim Center has hosted Senior Nationals , Junior Nationals , Western Zone Championships , Pacific Swimming Far Western Championships , and Masters Nationals . The Santa Clara Swim Club is known for its history as a successful swim club , and for a time in the 1960s-1970s was widely considered the premier club in the United States . The Club maintains an excelling competitive team under head coach John Bitter , preceded by Dick Jochums . The Masters program is highly popular as well . The annual Santa Clara International Grand Prix continues to regularly attract Olympian athletes including Michael Phelps ." }, { "docid": "Alfred_Dunhill_Links_Championship", "title": "", "text": "The Alfred Dunhill Links Championship , is one of the richest golf tournaments on the European Tour . It is played in October , on three different links courses , centred on the `` home of golf '' , St Andrews in Fife , Scotland . The tournament is a pro-am , with the format based on the long-running United States PGA Tour 's AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am held annually since 1937 ( except during World War II ) , where each team consists of one amateur and one professional . The three course rotation consists of The Old Course at St Andrews , Carnoustie Golf Links and Kingsbarns Golf Links . The 54-hole cut is made of the top 60 professionals and the leading 20 pro-am teams , regardless of the professional member of the team making the individual cut . These players and teams advance to the final round at St Andrews . Originally called the Dunhill Links Championship , the event was introduced in 2001 as a replacement for the Alfred Dunhill Cup , a three-man team tournament which became marginalised when the long established World Cup of Golf was given enhanced status as part of the World Golf Championships in 2000 , becoming the WGC-World Cup . To increase interest in the event , many of the amateurs are well known personalities from the worlds of sport and entertainment . These have included Nigel Mansell , Ian Botham , Gary Lineker , Boris Becker , Michael Douglas , Samuel L. Jackson , Michael Vaughan , Matthew Pinsent , Hugh Grant , Michael Phelps , Oscar Pistorius and Shane Warne ." }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2007_World_Aquatics_Championships_–_Men's_400_metre_individual_medley", "title": "", "text": "The men 's 400 metre individual medley ( IM ) at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 1 April ( heats and final ) at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne , Australia . As the event was over 400 meters in length , no semifinals were held in it and the top 8 swimmers from the preliminary heats advance directly to the single final heat . 50 swimmers were entered in the event , of which 49 swam . Existing records at the start of the event were : World record ( WR ) : 4:08.26 , Michael Phelps ( USA ) , August 17 , 2004 in Athens , Greece Championship record ( CR ) : 4:09.09 , Michael Phelps ( USA ) , Barcelona , Spain ( July 27 , 2003 )" }, { "docid": "World_record_progression_4_×_100_metres_medley_relay", "title": "", "text": "This article includes the world record progression for the 4 × 100 metres medley relay , and it shows the chronological history of world record times in that competitive swimming event . The 4 × 100 metres medley relay is a medley race in which each of four swimmers on a team swims a 100-metre leg of the relay , each swimming a different stroke , in the following sequence : Backstroke ( this can only be the first stroke , due to the necessity of starting this leg in the pool rather than by diving in ) ; Breaststroke ; Butterfly ; and Freestyle ( `` freestyle '' means any stroke other than backstroke , breaststroke or butterfly -- most swimmers use the front crawl ) . Swimming world records are recognized by and maintained by FINA ( `` Fédération Internationale de Natation '' ) , the international competitive swimming and aquatics federation that overseas the sport in international competition . World records in the medley relay event were first recognized by FINA in 1953 . The long course ( 50-metre pool ) world records are historically older than the short-course ( 25-metre pool ) records . FINA amended its regulations governing the recognition of world records in 1956 ; specifically , FINA mandated that only record times that were contested in 50-metre ( or 55-yard ) pools were eligible for recognition after that time . The short-course world records have been separately recognized since 1991 . On July 25 , 2013 FINA Technical Swimming Congress voted to allow world records in the long course mixed 400 free relay and mixed 400 medley relay , as well as in six events in short course meters : the mixed 200 medley and 200 free relays , as well as the men 's and women 's 200 free relays and the men 's and women 's 200 medley relays . In October 2013 FINA decided to establish `` standards '' before something can be recognized as the first world record in these events . But later on March 13 , 2014 FINA has officially ratified the eight world records set by Indiana University swimmers at the IU Relay Rally held on September 26 , 2013 in Bloomington . It is possible to set an individual world record in the 100 metres backstroke by swimming the backstroke first leg of the 4 × 100-metre medley relay , except in the mixed relay . Swimming the other three legs of the medley relay can not qualify as world records as FINA criteria require a `` static start '' for world record recognition -- swimming relay exchanges are characterized as `` dynamic '' . The first Olympics at which the 4 × 100 metres medley relay event was contested was the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome ." }, { "docid": "Igor_Berezutskiy", "title": "", "text": "Igor Andreyevich Berezutskiy ( Игорь Андреевич Березуцкий born June 7 , 1984 ) is a Russian former swimmer , who specialized in freestyle and individual medley events . He is highly regarded as Russia 's top medley swimmer in the 2000s , having won numerous national and junior European titles . He is a member of Volga Swimming Club , and is trained by his long-time coach and mentor Viktor Avdeyenko . Berezutskiy made his own swimming history at the 2002 European Junior Championships in Linz , Austria , achieving a total of three gold medals . First , he outlasted Hungary 's László Cseh in a close race to set a junior European record of 4:19.81 in the 400 m individual medley . Second , he stroked to a personal best of 2:03.65 to claim a title over his teammate Alexei Zatsepine by a 1.27-second margin in the 200 m individual medley . He also helped out his Russian team to break a championship record of 7:28.25 in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay . Two years later , Berezutskiy qualified for the men 's 400 m individual medley at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , by breaking a Russian record and clearing a FINA A-standard entry time of 4:18.13 from the Russian Championships in Moscow . He challenged seven other swimmers on the final heat of five , including top medal favorite Michael Phelps of the United States . He edged out his teammate and Olympic veteran Alexey Kovrigin to take a seventh spot by 0.57 of a second in 4:23.20 . Berezutskiy failed to advance into the final , as he placed twentieth overall on the first day of preliminaries . Four months after the Olympics , Berezutskiy earned a bronze medal in the same program at the 2004 European Short Course Swimming Championships in Vienna , Austria . He established a short-course personal best of 4:08.91 , just nearly five seconds behind winner Cseh , who rivaled him two years before at the European Junior Championships . At the 2006 FINA World Short Course Championships in Shanghai , China , Berezutskiy won two bronze medals in the 200 ( 1:56.64 ) and 400 m individual medley ( 4:06.81 ) . In 2007 , Berezutskiy announced his retirement from swimming for personal , health , and psychological reasons ." }, { "docid": "Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_200_metre_freestyle", "title": "", "text": "The men 's 200 metre freestyle event at the 2004 Summer Olympics was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece . The event took place on 15 and 16 August . In the lead-up to the final , the event was billed as The Race of the Century or the `` greatest swimming race of all-time '' , due to its significance and high-class field . It featured four of the fastest swimmers in Olympic history : Ian Thorpe ( Australia , world record holder in the event at the time ) , Pieter van den Hoogenband ( Netherlands , defending Olympic champion ) , Grant Hackett ( Australia , former world record holder in the event ) , and Michael Phelps ( United States , later became the most decorated all-time Olympian , with a total of 28 medals ) . Thorpe edged out Pieter van den Hoogenband in the final 50 metres to claim his second gold at the Games and fifth career medal , following his triumph in the 400 m freestyle two days earlier . With only 50 metres to go , he powered past his arch-rival to touch the wall first in an Olympic record of 1:44.71 , matching the third fastest swim over the distance . Van den Hoogenband , who led the field through the first three laps under a world record pace , settled only for the silver in 1:45.23 . Meanwhile , Phelps finished the race with a bronze in an American record of 1:45.32 , ending his hopes of emulating Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven gold medals ." }, { "docid": "Sergey_Punko", "title": "", "text": "Sergey Punko or Sergei Punko ( born in Navapolatsk on 10 January 1981 ) is a formerly Belarusian , now Russian Paralympic swimmer . He was born with a progressive eye disease , but had normal sight as a child . He started swimming at age 10 , and competed nationally and internationally in able-bodied competition until he was 21 . By that time , he had less than 5 % vision . Classified S12 , he began swimming in disability meets in 2002 . He quickly broke long-standing world records , and was named World Disabled Swimmer of the Year in 2003 . AS of the 2012 Paralympic Games he has won four gold medals , six silver , and three bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Paralympics he won a gold and silver medals for Russia . , Punko holds S12 long course world records in 200 , 400 and 800 metre freestyle and 200 metre butterfly events ." }, { "docid": "List_of_IPC_world_records_in_swimming_–_Men's_long_course", "title": "", "text": "The world records in disability swimming are ratified by the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) . These are the fastest performances in swimming events at meets sanctioned by the IPC . This article lists the men 's world records in long course competition ." }, { "docid": "List_of_IPC_world_records_in_swimming_–_Women's_long_course", "title": "", "text": "The world records in disability swimming are ratified by the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) . These are the fastest performances in swimming events at meets sanctioned by the IPC . This article lists the women 's world records in long course competition ." }, { "docid": "2010_Pan_Pacific_Swimming_Championships_–_Men's_200_metre_butterfly", "title": "", "text": "The men 's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 18 at the William Woollett Jr. . Aquatics Center . The last champion was Michael Phelps of US . This was the first time in 3 years ( since the 2007 World Aquatics Championships ) that Phelps failed to beat a championship record in a final of international competition . This race consisted of four lengths of the pool , all lengths being in butterfly stroke ." }, { "docid": "World_record_progression_200_metres_butterfly", "title": "", "text": "This is a history of the progression of the World Record for the Swimming event : the 200 Butterfly . It is a listing of the fastest-time-ever swum in the event , in both long course ( 50m ) and short course ( 25m ) swimming pool . These records are maintained/recognized by FINA , which oversees international competitive Aquatics . The long course records are historically older than the short course records : the long course records go back to at least the 1950s , whereas the short course marks having only been recognized since the early 1990s ." } ]
150426	Donald Glover never released an album.	[ { "docid": "Donald_Glover", "title": "", "text": "Donald McKinley Glover ( -LSB- ˈɡlʌvər -RSB- born September 25 , 1983 ) is an American actor , writer , producer , comedian , rapper , singer , and songwriter . As a recording artist , he usually performs under the stage name Childish Gambino , and as a disc jockey , he performs under the name mcDJ . He first came to attention for his work with Derrick Comedy and , with the help of Tina Fey , was hired at the age of 23 to become a writer for the NBC comedy series 30 Rock . He later portrayed community college student Troy Barnes on the NBC sitcom Community . He currently stars in the FX series Atlanta , which he also created . He will appear in Spider-Man : Homecoming , and has been cast as the young Lando Calrissian in the upcoming , untitled standalone Han Solo Star Wars movie . He will also provide the voice of Simba in a remake of the Disney film The Lion King . After several self-released albums and mixtapes , Glover signed to Glassnote Records in 2011 . He released his first album , Camp , on November 15 , 2011 to generally positive reviews . His second studio album , Because the Internet , was released on December 10 , 2013 . Glover was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 2015 , Best Rap Album for Because the Internet and Best Rap Performance for his single `` 3005 '' . Glover 's third album , `` Awaken , My Love ! '' , was released on December 2 , 2016 ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Royalty_(Childish_Gambino_album)", "title": "", "text": "Royalty ( stylized as R O Y A L T Y ) is the sixth mixtape by American recording artist Donald Glover , under the stage name Childish Gambino . It was released on July 4 , 2012 , by Glassnote Records . The album has many featured artists and is produced by Glover and his co-producer Ludwig Goransson , as well as Beck , Boi-1da and SKYWLKR . This is notably different from how Glover operates on other projects , as he has been known to not work with other artists much in his music ." }, { "docid": "STN_MTN_/_Kauai", "title": "", "text": "STN MTN / Kauai is the combined release of the seventh mixtape and second extended play ( EP ) by American recording artist Donald Glover , under his stage name Childish Gambino . The STN MTN mixtape was released on October 2 , 2014 as a free download from DatPiff , while the Kauai EP was made available the following day through online music stores by Glassnote Records . They are each considered dual sides of a concept album that are unified by a cohesive story line , and come ten months after Glover 's second studio album , Because the Internet ." }, { "docid": "Childish_Gambino_discography", "title": "", "text": "The discography of hip hop recording artist Childish Gambino ( Donald Glover ) comprises three studio albums , seven mixtapes , and two EPs . After releasing his first five mixtapes and EP independently , he signed to Glassnote Records and released Camp ( 2011 ) , his first album on a major record label ." }, { "docid": "Clapping_for_the_Wrong_Reasons", "title": "", "text": "Clapping for the Wrong Reasons is a 2013 short film directed by Hiro Murai and written by Donald Glover . The film stars Glover and features producer Flying Lotus , actor Danielle Fishel , porn star Abella Anderson , and fellow rappers Trinidad James and Chance the Rapper . It was created as a prelude to Glover 's second studio album Because the Internet ." }, { "docid": "Stephen_Glover_(screenwriter)", "title": "", "text": "Stephen Glover is an American rapper and writer . He is best known for being one of the writers and story editors for the FX comedy-drama Atlanta . He is the younger brother of actor , musician , and creator of Atlanta , Donald Glover , with whom he works closely . Glover has recorded music under the alias Steve G. Lover III since the age of 17 . Along with writing eight episodes of Atlanta , he has independently released projects through digital platforms such as Bandcamp and SoundCloud ." }, { "docid": "List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Donald_Glover", "title": "", "text": "This is a list of awards and nominations received by American actor , writer , comedian and musician Donald Glover , also known under the stage name Childish Gambino . As of 2010 , he won three Writers Guild of America Awards for Best Comedy Series for his contribution to the satirical television sitcom 30 Rock , and he received various awards and nominations for his performance as Troy Barnes in the American television sitcom Community . In 2015 , Glover was nominated for two Grammy Awards , Best Rap Album for Because the Internet and Best Rap Performance for his single `` 3005 '' . In 2016 , Glover received widespread acclaim from television critics for the comedy-drama television series Atlanta created by and starring him , for which he won two Golden Globe Awards , including Best Television Series - Musical or Comedy and Best Actor - Television Series Musical or Comedy and he received two Critics ' Choice Television Awards nominations for Best Comedy Series and Best Actor in a Comedy Series , winning the latter ." }, { "docid": "Snapshot_(Roger_Glover_album)", "title": "", "text": "Snapshot is the fourth solo album by Deep Purple bassist Roger Glover released in September 2002 by Eagle Records . It features Randall Bramblett , Warren Haynes and Gillian Glover ( Roger 's daughter ) . It is credited to Roger Glover & The Guilty Party ." }, { "docid": "Bill_Glover", "title": "", "text": "William , Bill Glover ( born November 22 , 1952 ) is an American musician , Christian drummer , songwriter , minister and entertainer . Glover moved to Fort Wayne in the 1960s from Florida when he was still a kid . When he was 13 , he had taken up drumming . While in high school he began playing in several bands , and upon finishing school he toured with The Roemans of Tommy Roe fame , and also Gene Cotton . He returned to Fort Wayne in the early 1970s and started playing with one of Christian rock pioneer bands , Loth Lorin . However , in 1972 he joined Bob Hartman , Greg Hough , and John DeGroff , to form the legendary Christian rock band Petra . Glover played drums/percussion on the first two albums of the band , `` PETRA '' , released in '74 and `` Come And JoinsUs '' , released in ' 78 . After leaving the band in 1978 , Glover played with Greg Hough in the short lived Christian Rock band , Ransum . Glover also worked in several club bands and did some session work in Dallas , Texas and Chicago , Illinois . He also co-founded the Texas Blues band , SHAME SHAME . He returned to Fort Wayne in the early 1990s and began working with Greg Hough again . In 2003 , they formed a band called GHD . Later , in 2004 , John DeGroff would join them in the project and the band changed its name to GHF ( God Has Forgiven ) . On June 12 , 2004 , a reunion of all the founding members of Petra was planned , but Glover did n't attend . In November 2005 Glover did participate in Petra 's reunion at Assembly of God in Fort Wayne , Indiana , during Petra 's Farewell Tour . Glover has also worked with the country gospel band , Simon Peter , out of Angola , Indiana and also writes devotional materials . GHF released their 1st studio album in 2013 . Glover wrote & handled lead vocals on two cuts . Glover played drums/percussion/guitar on the album . Glover also played drums & vocals on the live album GHF recorded called , GHF Honestly Live . Bill Glover now lives with his wife , Tammy Slavens Runyan , and is semi-retired , in S/W Florida , where he plays drums and vocals with classic rock band , Bandana ." }, { "docid": "The_Return_of_Koerner,_Ray_&_Glover", "title": "", "text": "The Return of Koerner , Ray and Glover is an album by Koerner , Ray & Glover , released in 1965 . It was their last recording for Elektra and it would be seven years before the trio 's next release . Koerner appeared at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival accompanied by Glover , one of the few times the two performed without Dave Ray . The Return of Koerner , Ray and Glover was reissued by Red House Records in 1999 ." }, { "docid": "If_Life_Was_Easy", "title": "", "text": "If Life Was Easy is the fifth solo album by Deep Purple 's bass player Roger Glover released by earMusic/edel on July 11 , 2011 . The album was recorded in 2007 but due to personal reasons it was n't released until 2011 . Like its predecessor , Snapshot ( 2002 ) , it features The Guilty Party which includes Randall Bramblett and Gillian Glover . Guest appearances are from Nazareth 's Dan McCafferty and Pete Agnew as well as Walther Gallay and Sahaj Ticotin . Few songs off the album were performed live on April 28 , 2012 at a Roger Glover and Tolo Marton concert in Mestre , Italy ." }, { "docid": "Good_Old_Koerner,_Ray_&_Glover", "title": "", "text": "Good Old Koerner , Ray & Glover is an album by Koerner , Ray & Glover , released in 1972 ." }, { "docid": "Mystery_Team", "title": "", "text": "Mystery Team is a 2009 film created by the comedy group Derrick Comedy . The story was written by Donald Glover , DC Pierson , Dominic Dierkes , Dan Eckman , and Meggie McFadden . It stars Donald Glover , DC Pierson , and Dominic Dierkes . It was directed by Eckman and produced by McFadden ." }, { "docid": "Mask_(Roger_Glover_album)", "title": "", "text": "Mask is the third solo album by Deep Purple bassist Roger Glover released on June 18 , 1984 in Europe by 21 Records/Polydor . The album was promoted with a couple of music videos . It was reissued on CD twice in the UK : in 1993 ( Connoisseur Collection , b/w `` Elements '' ) and in 2005 ( Cherry Red/Lemon ) . None of these releases featured bonus material ." }, { "docid": "Hymns_(Corey_Glover_album)", "title": "", "text": "Hymns is the first solo album by Living Colour vocalist Corey Glover , released on LaFace Records on April 7 , 1998 ." }, { "docid": "Elements_(Roger_Glover_album)", "title": "", "text": "Elements is the second solo album from Deep Purple bassist Roger Glover . It was recorded in early 1977 but was n't released until April 1978 on PolyGram Records . The album 's main concept is based on the four elements ." }, { "docid": "Music_Speaks", "title": "", "text": "Music Speaks is the debut studio album by American recording artist and American Idol twelfth season winner Candice Glover , released on February 18 , 2014 , by Interscope Records . It was preceded by the release of two digital singles , `` I Am Beautiful '' and `` Cried '' . In the album , Glover combined the styling of contemporary R&B with 1960s-style lounge music ." }, { "docid": "Because_the_Internet", "title": "", "text": "Because the Internet is the second studio album by American rapper Donald Glover , under the stage name Childish Gambino . It was released on December 10 , 2013 , by Glassnote Records and Island Records , and then four days later in North America by Glassnote and Universal . The recording process began in 2012 and ended in October 2013 . Recording primarily took place at a mansion owned by basketball player Chris Bosh , which Gambino rented . Because the Internet features guest appearances from Chance the Rapper , Jhené Aiko and Azealia Banks , with production primarily handled by Gambino himself , Stefan Ponce , and Ludwig Göransson , among others . The album was supported by the singles `` 3005 '' , `` Crawl '' , `` Sweatpants '' and `` Telegraph Ave. '' Gambino also released a short film titled Clapping for the Wrong Reasons and a 72-page screenplay to go along with the album in promotion of it . Because the Internet received generally positive reviews from critics . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . It also performed well commercially , debuting at number seven on the Billboard 200 and number 12 on Billboards Canadian Albums Chart . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in February 2016 . As of November 2016 , it has sold 992,000 album-equivalent units in the United States ." }, { "docid": "Culdesac_(mixtape)", "title": "", "text": "Culdesac is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Childish Gambino better known as Donald Glover , released July 3 , 2010 . The entire mixtape was self-produced with assistance from Community composer , Ludwig Göransson . It was originally meant to be released on July 2 , but was delayed for one day due to last minute material . Like his other mixtapes , Culdesac was released for free download ." }, { "docid": "Some_American_Folk_Songs_Like_They_Used_To", "title": "", "text": "Some American Folk Songs Like They Used To is an album by folk artist `` Spider '' John Koerner , released in 1974 . The album is out of print . Guests on the album include fellow Koerner , Ray & Glover members Dave `` Snaker '' Ray and Tony `` Little Sun '' Glover ." }, { "docid": "Dave_\"Snaker\"_Ray", "title": "", "text": "Dave `` Snaker '' Ray ( August 17 , 1943 -- November 28 , 2002 ) was an American blues singer and guitarist from St. Paul , Minnesota , who was most notably associated with Spider John Koerner and Tony `` Little Sun '' Glover in the early Sixties folk revival . Together , the three released albums under the name Koerner , Ray & Glover . They gained notice with their album Blues , Rags and Hollers , originally released by Audiophile in 1963 and re-released by Elektra Records later that year ." }, { "docid": "Tony_Glover", "title": "", "text": "Tony `` Little Sun '' Glover ( born Dave Glover , October 7 , 1939 , Minneapolis , Minnesota , United States ) is an American blues musician and music critic . He is a harmonica player and singer who was most notably associated with `` Spider '' John Koerner and Dave `` Snaker '' Ray in the early 1960s folk revival . Together , the three released albums under the name Koerner , Ray & Glover . Glover is also the author of diverse harp songbooks and a co-author , along with Ward Gaines and Scott Dirks , of an award-winning biography of Little Walter , Blues with a Feeling : The Little Walter Story ." }, { "docid": "Never_Forget_(Take_That_song)", "title": "", "text": "`` Never Forget '' is a song recorded by English boy band Take That , from their third studio album Nobody Else ( 1995 ) . The song features Howard Donald on lead vocals . It was released on 24 July 1995 , and achieved success in many countries , including the UK , Spain , Latvia and Ireland where it topped the singles chart . It was released on 24 July 1995 and reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart , as the band 's seventh number one single . The song remained at number one for three weeks in the UK charts . It was also the sixth track on their 1995 album , Nobody Else . Williams also left the band during the promotion of this song ." }, { "docid": "Candice_Glover", "title": "", "text": "Candice Rickelle Glover ( born November 22 , 1989 ) is an American R&B singer and actress who won the twelfth season of American Idol . Glover is the first winner to have auditioned three times before being cast for the live shows . Her debut album Music Speaks was released on February 18 , 2014 ." }, { "docid": "Pacific_Codex", "title": "", "text": "Pacific Codex is the name of the seventh studio album released by British musician , songwriter and producer Steven Wilson under the pseudonym Bass Communion . The album consists of two discs containing the title track mixed in Stereo in a CD and the 5.1 Surround Sound mix in a DVD-A . The song can be split in two sections as displayed in the cover of the Equation Records edition . All sounds were generated from recordings of Steve Hubback 's metal sculptures , played by Steven Wilson and Theo Travis . The record is packaged in a card gatefold-style jacket in a slipcase , along with a book containing images of the sea by Carl Glover . Each copy also contains a hand numbered card insert . Only 975 copies were printed and they sold-out within two days after the release date . Five test pressings of the album on vinyl LP were produced , each consisting of two single sided LPs with plain white labels and no sleeve . The pressings were rejected due to poor sound quality and a vinyl LP edition was never released ." }, { "docid": "Crispin_J._Glover", "title": "", "text": "Crispin J. Glover is a British DJ , dance music producer and recording engineer who has worked for various labels , including his own Matrix Records . In 2002 he released the album Rhythm Graffiti and , at the end of the decade , signed with One Little Indian Records , with the resulting album , Which Way Is Up , featuring a cover of P.I.L. 's song `` This Is Not a Love Song '' . Glover became involved with the music industry in his teenage years , shortly after completing schooling . Finding employment at a recording studio , he met artists such as Peter Frampton , Paul Young and China Crisis and was eventually promoted to sound engineer for Level 42 and Terence Trent D'Arby . Purchasing synthesizers and a Roland TR-808 drum machine , he collaborated with DJ Rev and the resulting release sold a number of copies . Also , his remix of Mariah Carey 's song `` Someday '' sold 500 copies in one day , and major labels , including Sony , offered him assignments . While spending the next few years making albums for a number of labels , including Matrix , for which he recorded his own project , Crime , selling more than 10,000 copies . MCA Records signed him to their electronic music imprint , but soon folded the imprint , leaving him without a label . At the start of the 2010s , Crispin J. Glover has continued to work and create music , including the new release , Which Way Is Up ." }, { "docid": "Rubin_and_Ed", "title": "", "text": "Rubin & Ed is an American independent comedy-buddy film written and directed by Trent Harris and released in 1991 . It is about an eccentric , unsociable young man who is forced by his mother to make some friends before she 'll return his stereo to him . He is joined on a trip through a desert by a pyramid scheme salesman , to assist in finding a location to bury a frozen cat . Crispin Glover appeared on Late Night with David Letterman in 1987 in-character as Rubin Farr . This caused much confusion to David Letterman as he , after almost being kicked in the face by Glover , walked off his own set while still on the air . It has never been confirmed by Glover whether or not this was a performance ." }, { "docid": "The_Lazarus_Effect_(2015_film)", "title": "", "text": "The Lazarus Effect is a 2015 American supernatural science fiction horror film directed by David Gelb and written by Luke Dawson and Jeremy Slater . The film stars Mark Duplass , Olivia Wilde , Donald Glover , Evan Peters , and Sarah Bolger . The film was theatrically released on February 27 , 2015 by Relativity Media ." }, { "docid": "Ludwig_Göransson", "title": "", "text": "Ludwig Göransson ( born September 1 , 1984 ) , also known under the stage name Ludovin , is a Swedish composer best known for his work on U.S. TV sitcoms Community , Happy Endings , and New Girl , as well as composing the music for 30 Minutes or Less and collaborating with Donald Glover on the Childish Gambino albums Camp , Because the Internet , and `` Awaken , My Love ! '' ." }, { "docid": "Child_in_Time_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Child in Time is the debut album by British jazz-rock fusion band Ian Gillan Band , released in 1976 . The album took its title from the Deep Purple song `` Child in Time '' , a version of which appears on side two of the LP . The album reached No. 36 on Swedish charts and No. 55 in UK . This was Ian Gillan 's first release after leaving Deep Purple , and also features his former Deep Purple colleague Roger Glover . Before Ian returned full-time to the rock music industry , he made one brief , but significant , live appearance on the performance of Roger Glover 's `` The Butterfly Ball '' , on 16 October 1975 at Royal Albert Hall , London . Ian sang `` Sitting in a Dream '' . A film of the event was originally shown in UK cinemas in 1977 . Later released on video , it was quickly deleted . Although Ian Gillan Band went on to produce material more suited to their jazz-rock label , this first album has much more of a harder rhythm and blues style ." }, { "docid": "Jump_the_Gun_(album)", "title": "", "text": "Jump the Gun is the third studio album by the Danish hard rock/heavy metal band Pretty Maids . It was released on 20 April 1990 in Europe by CBS . In the US , the title was changed to Lethal Heroes and it was released by Epic Records . The album was produced by Deep Purple 's bass guitarist Roger Glover . According to CBS , it was then the most expensive album recording to date in Denmark , with a cost of around DKK 3 -- 3.5 million . Jump the Gun was nominated for Danish Heavy Rock Album of the Year at the 1991 Danish Grammy Awards , but lost to Skagarack 's A Slice of Heaven . Due to the underwhelming commercial performance of Jump the Gun , three members left the band by late 1990 leaving only the lead singer Ronnie Atkins and the guitarist Ken Hammer . The band has said on numerous occasions that the decision to hire Glover as the album 's producer was a mistake and led to its over-produced sound . In 2014 , Atkins called the album his least favourite . `` Hang Tough '' is a song that was written and recorded for Icon 's Night of the Crime album but was not included in the final release . Icon 's version is only available on the 1984 : Live Bootleg CD and DVD ." } ]
11888	FC Barcelona was ranked second in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 2015.	[ { "docid": "FC_Barcelona", "title": "", "text": "Futbol Club Barcelona ( -LSB- fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə -RSB- ) , commonly known as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is a professional football club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism , hence the motto `` Més que un club '' ( `` More than a club '' ) . Unlike many other football clubs , the supporters own and operate Barcelona . It is the second most valuable sports team in the world , worth $ 3.56 billion , and the world 's second richest football club in terms of revenue , with an annual turnover of $ 560.8 million . The official Barcelona anthem is the `` Cant del Barça '' , written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs . Domestically , Barcelona has won 24 La Liga , 29 Copa del Rey , 12 Supercopa de España , 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies , as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions . In international club football , Barcelona has won twenty European and World titles -- four UEFA Champions League titles and one European Cup , a record four UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , a shared record five UEFA Super Cup , a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup . Barcelona was ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 1997 , 2009 , 2011 , 2012 and 2015 and currently occupies the third position on the UEFA club rankings . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid ; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico . Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world , and the club has the largest social media following in the world among sports teams . Barcelona players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards ( 11 ) , with recipients including Johan Cruyff , as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards ( 7 ) , with winners including Ronaldo , Romário and Ronaldinho . In 2010 , three players who came through the club 's youth academy ( Lionel Messi , Andrés Iniesta and Xavi ) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school . Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division , along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid . In 2009 , Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga , Copa del Rey , and the UEFA Champions League , and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year , completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup , UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup . In 2011 , the club became European champions again and won five trophies . This Barcelona team , which won 14 trophies in just 4 years under Pep Guardiola , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time . By winning their fifth Champions League trophy on 6 June 2015 , Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Shabab_Al-Ahli_Dubai_FC", "title": "", "text": "Shabab Al-Ahli Dubai FC is a United Arab Emirates professional association football club based in Dubai , that currently play in the UAE Arabian Gulf League.They 're considered to be one of the strongest clubs from UAE . Al Ahli is one of the most successful clubs in the UAE . Al Ahli , literally translating to `` domestic or national '' in Arabic , was established in 1970 , when three local teams joined together to form the club . The club won three UAE Arabian Gulf League titles in the 1970s and won its fourth in 2006 , fifth in 2009 and sixth in 2014 and seventh in 2016 . A club with a strong and rich history , Al Ahli has won 7 league titles , a joint-record 8 UAE 's President Cup titles , 4 UAE super Cup titles and 3 UAE League Cup titles , earning a total of 22 domestic titles , making them the second most successful team in UAE . In the latest ranking by IFFHS , Al Ahli is the 7th best Asian club and ranked 110 in the world and 4th in Asia In 2017 the Clubs Dubai CSC , Al Shabab would merge into with Al-Ahli SC to become Shabab Al-Ahli Dubai FC making Al-Ahli rebrand into it ." }, { "docid": "Boca_Juniors", "title": "", "text": "Club Atlético Boca Juniors ( -LSB- kluβ aˈtletiko ˈβoka ˈʝunjors -RSB- ) is an Argentine sports club based in the La Boca neighbourhood of Buenos Aires . Although many activities are hosted by the club , Boca Juniors is mostly known for its professional football team which , since it was promoted in 1913 , has always played in the Argentine Primera División , becoming the most successful team of Argentina in number of official titles , with 65 won to date . National titles won by Boca Juniors include 31 Primera División championships , and 12 domestic cups . Boca Juniors also owns an honorary title awarded by the Argentine Football Association for their successful tour of Europe in 1925 . Internationally , the Boca Juniors have won a total of 22 international titles , with 18 recognized by FIFA and CONMEBOL . According to that , Boca is ranked fourth in the world in terms of number of internationally recognized titles , together with A.C. Milan and behind Real Madrid ( 21 ) , FC Barcelona ( 20 ) and Egyptian side Al Ahly ( 20 ) . Boca Juniors ' international achievements also include Tie Cup , Copa de Honor Cousenier , and Copa Escobar-Gerona , organized jointly by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations . Boca Juniors is also one of only eight teams to have won CONMEBOL 's treble . Their success usually has Boca ranked among the IFFHS 's Club World Ranking Top 25 , which they have reached the top position six times ( mostly during the coaching tenure of Carlos Bianchi ) . Boca was also named by the IFFHS as the top South American club of the first decade of the 21st century ( 2001 -- 2010 ) . Boca Juniors is also known to be the one of the most popular football clubs in Argentina , along with River Plate . Boca juniors is one of the most popular clubs in South America . Boca has always had a fierce rivalry with River Plate , as both clubs were established in La Boca . Matches between them are known as the Superclásico , and are one of the most heated rivalries in Argentina and the world , as both clubs are the two most popular in the country . Boca 's home stadium is Estadio Alberto J. Armando , which is colloquially known as La Bombonera . The youth academy has produced many Argentine internationals such as Sebastián Battaglia , Nicolás Burdisso , Carlos Tevez , Éver Banega , and Fernando Gago , who have played or are playing for top European clubs . In addition to football , Boca Juniors also has professional basketball and volleyball teams . Other ( amateur ) activities held in the club are : athletics , futsal , artistic and rhythmic gymnastics , martial arts ( judo , karate and taekwondo ) , swimming , weightlifting and wrestling ." }, { "docid": "FC_Barcelona_in_European_football", "title": "", "text": "FC Barcelona , also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is a professional football club based in Barcelona , Spain . The club first participated in a European competition in 1910 , and from 1955 onwards spent every season in one or more European competitions . The first international cup they took part in was the Pyrenees Cup . The competition lasted from 1910 to 1914 and Barcelona won four out of five editions . From 1914 to the beginning of the Latin Cup in 1949 , Barcelona did not participate in any international competitions . From the 1955-56 season , with the exception of the 1956-57 ( during the first Fairs Cup , because Vienna XI withdrew from the competition ) , they are the only team to have played in the European cups every year until today . Barcelona has won the now defunct Cup Winners ' Cup four times and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup three times , which is more than any other club for both trophies . They also took part in the Latin Cup twice as champions of Spain , winning on both occasions , a record shared with Real Madrid and Milan . Though they did not manage to win the European Cup , now Champions League , during the early years of the competition , they have since won the trophy five times , with their first win in 1992 . FC Barcelona have moved to the second place of the ranking of Europe 's most successful clubs in terms of international trophies won just behind Real Madrid . In the second part of 2015 , with the European Super Cup victory in Tbilisi against Sevilla and the FIFA Club World Cup victory in Yokohama against River Plate meant that the Catalans have won 20 different titles , behind Real Madrid 's 21 . In the tables ( H ) denotes home ground , ( A ) denotes away ground and ( N ) symbolises neutral ground . The first score is always Barcelona 's ." }, { "docid": "KF_Tirana_in_European_football", "title": "", "text": "KF Tirana is the Albanian football club with the best performance in all European competitions . They are the club with the most participations and matches , most wins , most points and experience in Europe among all other Albanian clubs . However , they have never been beyond the second round in any European club competition . Tirana holds the record for the most ties won ( 11 ) along their road . Tirana is the team which were able to overturn the first leg negative result to their advantage in at least four occasions ; worth to remember their great second legs wins against Hamrun Spartans , FC Bobruisk , Dinamo Tbilisi , ND Gorica ; additionally good overturns against Apollon Limassol and Ferencvarosi TC . Even though at 11 attempts they have not passed more than one round , KF Tirana are the Albanian team which has won more ties in Europe throughout their long history . Another significant international result comes at Balkan Cup of season 1981 where they went on the final , but lost both matches against Beroe Stara Zagora . Along their European road , KF Tirana has met many famous squads in Europe , such as : FC Bayern Munich , Standard Liege , AFC Ajax , Malmö FF , IFK Göteborg , Ferencvárosi TC , PFC CSKA Sofia , etc. , and in many of such matches has given unforgettable performances . Additionally , white and blues hold the all-time record for the highest IFFHS ranking of an Albanian football club , being ranked as high as 31st in the world in 1987 , as result of success preceded 1986-87 . Therefore , each time KF Tirana participates in Europe , fan 's expectations are great and positive . KF Tirana started competing for the first time in the European Cup 1965-66 . Below are all matches played and up-to-date rankings ." }, { "docid": "First_Capital_Plus_Premier_League", "title": "", "text": "The First Capital Plus Bank Premier League is the top professional football division of the football league system in Ghana . Formed officially in 1956 , after the last Gold Coast Club Competition was held in 1953/1954 , the league is organized by the Ghana Football Association and was ranked as the 11th best league in Africa by the IFFHS from 2001-2010 , and the league was also ranked 65th in the IFFHS ' Best Leagues of the World ranking , in the 1st Decade of the 21st Century ( 2001-2010 ) . On 4 February 2014 , the league became known as the First Capital Plus Bank Premier League for sponsorship reasons . It has been dominated by Asante Kotoko and Hearts of Oak ." }, { "docid": "2015_Barcelona_Sporting_Club_season", "title": "", "text": "The 2015 season was Barcelona Sporting Club 's the 90th year in existence and the club 's 57th in the top flight of Ecuadorian football . Barcelona was one of the twelve participating clubs in the top flight of Ecuadorian Football Championship 2015 . Besides the local tournament , Barcelona took part in the 2015 edition of the Copa Libertadores . The club reaffirmed as technical director of team staff to the Uruguayan Ruben Israel , extending his contract until the middle of 2015 . However , the poor results that the club had in the first half of the season led to the directive to not renew his contract . Israel 's last game as coach of the club was on May 28 in a friendly match against RCD Espanyol in an exhibition tournament called 2015 Copa EuroAmericana , which won the Barcelona . Then , the club hired the Uruguayan Guillermo Almada , who was in charge of technical leadership until the end of the season . Barcelona joined the group 7 of the Copa Libertadores , in which-after one win , one draw and four defeats did not qualify to the second round , being eliminated from the tournament . In the first stage of the Serie A , Barcelona was ranked in fourth place , and in the second stage in sixth place ; after which he could not access the two spots that led to the finals of the local tournament . In total , Barcelona reached fourth place in the accumulated table , reaching only qualifying for the 2016 Copa Sudamericana with the quota of Ecuador 2 ." }, { "docid": "FC_Barcelona_Museum", "title": "", "text": "The FC Barcelona museum ( FC Barcelona Museu ) was inaugurated on 24 September 1984 under the presidency of Josep Lluís Nuñez . In 2000 , the museum was renamed President Nuñez museum under the presidency of his successor , Joan Gaspart . On 15 June 2010 , the museum was reopened after a long restructuring . The restructuring saw the museum split into three separate sections with a 3D cinema , audiovisual touch-screen , and information on the history of FC Barcelona . The first section includes a collection of photos , documents and trophies detailing the club 's history on an interactive glass wall , allowing visitors to touch the screens and see information wall . The glass wall , equipped with laser technology , allows the exhibition of video , images and music through user-feedback . The second section is a private art collection on permanent display at the museum which exhibits works by local artists such as Dalí , Miró and Tàpies . In the third section , the Futbolart Collection displays football memorabilia from the club including a trophy-room with every trophy , or a replica thereof , that the club has won . One of the items at display in the Futbolart Collection is the boots with which Ronald Koeman scored the winning goal in the 1992 European Cup Final , which he did in the 111th minute against Sampdoria , 21 minutes into extra time , securing Barcelona 's first European trophy . The museum occupies 3,500 square meters and attracts 1.2 million visitors a year , ranking it second to the Museu Picasso , which attracts 1.3 million visitors , as the most visited museum in the city of Barcelona ." }, { "docid": "R.S.C._Anderlecht", "title": "", "text": "Royal Sporting Club Anderlecht , usually known as Anderlecht ( -LSB- ˈɑndərˌlɛxt -RSB- , -LSB- ɑ̃dəʁlɛkt -RSB- , -LSB- ˈandɐˌlɛçt -RSB- ) or RSCA ( -LSB- ˌɛrɛseːˈjaː -RSB- , -LSB- ɛʁ ɛs se ɑ -RSB- , -LSB- ˌʔɛɐ̯ ʔɛs tseː ˈʔaː -RSB- ) , is a Belgian professional football club based in Anderlecht , Brussels Capital-Region . Anderlecht plays in the Belgian First Division A and is the most successful Belgian football team in European competitions , with five trophies , as well as in the Belgian domestic league , with 34 championship wins . They have also won nine Belgian Cups and hold the record for most consecutive Belgian championship titles , winning five between the 1963 -- 64 and 1967 -- 68 seasons . Founded in 1908 , the club first reached the highest level in Belgian football in 1921 -- 22 and have been playing in the first division continuously since 1935 -- 36 . They won their first major trophy after World War II with a championship win in 1946 -- 47 . Since then , they have never finished outside the top six of the Belgian first division . They are ranked 12th amongst all-time UEFA club competition winners , tenth in the IFFHS continental Clubs of the 20th Century European ranking and were 41st in the 2012 UEFA team rankings . In 1986 , they achieved their best UEFA ranking with a joint first place with Juventus . Anderlecht have been playing their matches in the Astrid Park in the municipality of Anderlecht since 1917 . Their current stadium , Constant Vanden Stock Stadium , was first opened in 1983 , and replaced the former Emile Versé Stadium . They play in purple and white outfits . They have long-standing rivalries with Club Brugge and Standard Liège and previously with FC Brussels ." }, { "docid": "Football_in_Colombia", "title": "", "text": "Football is the most popular sport in Colombia ( according to FIFA , there are 3,043,229 players total , 291,229 of which are registered and 2,752,000 are unregistered ; with 2,773 clubs and 15,800 officials ) . The Colombian national league ranks 9th in the IFFHS 's ranking The Strongest National League in the World of 2014 ( 3rd in South America ) , . The Colombian national team represents Colombia in international football competitions . The highest rank it has ever reached in the FIFA World Rankings is its current ranking of third in the world . Among the individual notable players that have emerged from the country are René Higuita , creator of the `` Scorpion kick '' ( voted the best football trick ever invented ) , Carlos Valderrama , Leonel Álvarez , Faustino Asprilla , Iván Córdoba , Mario Yepes , Radamel Falcao and James Rodríguez . Colombian players have made an impact in the wider world game , notably in European football and Major League Soccer ( MLS ) . Colombia had its strongest period during the 1990s , where they were among the giants in world football . A match during this period in 1993 resulted in a 5 -- 0 win over Argentina which caused a special `` mutual respect '' rivalry between both nations . During this era , Colombia qualified for the 1990 , 1994 and 1998 editions of the World Cup , only reaching the second round in 1990 . At the 2001 Copa América , Óscar Córdoba became the first and only goalkeeper in history to keep a perfect clean sheet in a Copa América tournament . Football became an important part of the identity of Colombia as it fought the negative image of Colombia from the mid-1980s up to the present day . While Colombia has had ups and downs with the sport , football is still widely loved and supported ." }, { "docid": "El_Clásico", "title": "", "text": "El Clásico ( -LSB- el ˈklasiko -RSB- ; El Clàssic , -LSB- əɫ ˈkɫasik -RSB- ; `` The Classic '' ) is the name given in football to any match between fierce rivals Real Madrid and FC Barcelona . Originally it referred only to those competitions held in the Spanish championship , but nowadays the term has been generalized , and tends to include every single match between the two clubs : UEFA Champions League , Copa del Rey , etc. . Other than the UEFA Champions League Final , it is considered one of the biggest club football games in the world , and is among the most viewed annual sporting events . It has always been a heated match , from both sides . The rivalry comes about as Madrid and Barcelona are the two largest cities in Spain , and they are sometimes identified with opposing political positions , with Real Madrid viewed as representing Spanish nationalism and Barcelona viewed as representing Catalan nationalism . The rivalry is regarded as one of the biggest in world sport . The two clubs are among the richest and most successful football clubs in the world ; in 2014 Forbes ranked them the world 's two most valuable sports teams . Both clubs have a global fanbase ; they are the world 's two most followed sports teams on social media . Real Madrid leads the head to head results in competitive matches with 93 wins to Barcelona 's 91 , while Barcelona leads in total matches with 110 wins to Real Madrid 's 97 . Along with Athletic Bilbao , they are the only clubs in La Liga to have never been relegated ." }, { "docid": "Marco_van_Basten", "title": "", "text": "Marcel `` Marco '' van Basten ( -LSB- ˈmɑrkoː vɑn ˈbɑstə ( n ) -RSB- ; born 31 October 1964 ) is a Dutch football manager and former football player , who played for Ajax and Milan , as well as the Netherlands national team , in the 1980s and early '90s as a forward . He is regarded as one of the greatest European forwards of all time and has scored 300 goals in a high-profile career , but played his last game in 1993 at the age of 28 due to an injury that forced his retirement two years later . He was later the head coach of Ajax and the Netherlands national team . Playing for the Netherlands , Van Basten won , and was named player of the tournament , at UEFA Euro 1988 , scoring five goals that included a memorable volley in the final against the Soviet Union . At the club level , he won three Eredivisie titles and the Cup Winners ' Cup with Ajax , and three Serie A titles and two European Cups with Milan . Known for his close ball control , attacking intelligence and spectacular strikes and volleys , Van Basten was named FIFA World Player of the Year in 1992 and won the Ballon d'Or three times , in 1988 , 1989 and 1992 . In 1999 , he was ranked sixth in the FIFA Player of the Century internet poll , tenth in the European player of the Century election held by the IFFHS and 12th in the IFFHS ' World Player of the Century election . He was also voted eighth in a poll organised by the French magazine France Football , consulting their former Ballon d'Or winners to elect the Football Player of the Century . In 2004 , he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players . In 2004 , a poll for the 100 greatest Dutch people was held in the Netherlands : Van Basten ranked number 25 , the second highest for a football player , behind Johan Cruyff . In 2007 , Sky Sports ranked Van Basten first on its list of great athletes who had their careers cut short ." }, { "docid": "Argentine_Primera_División", "title": "", "text": "The Primera División ( -LSB- pɾiˈmeɾa ðiβiˈsjon -RSB- ; First Division ) is a professional football league in Argentina . It is the country 's premier football division and is at the top of the Argentine football league system . Contested by thirty clubs , it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Primera B Nacional ( second division ) , with the team placed lowest at the end of the season being relegated . The season runs from August to May . In 1891 Argentina was the first country outside the United Kingdom to establish a football league . In the early years , only teams from Buenos Aires and Rosario were affiliated to the national association . Teams from other cities would join in later years . The Primera División turned professional in 1931 when 18 clubs broke away from the amateur leagues to form a professional one . Since then , the season has been contested annually in four different formats and calendars . The league has been under its current format since the 2015 season . The Argentine championship was ranked in the top 10 as one of the strongest leagues in the world ( for the 1st January 2015 -- 31 December 2015 period ) by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics ( IFFHS ) . Argentina placed 4th after La Liga ( Spain ) , Serie A ( Italy ) and Bundesliga ( Germany ) ." }, { "docid": "Libyan_Premier_League", "title": "", "text": "The Libyan Premier League is the highest division of the Libyan football league pyramid , organized by Libyan Football Federation . The league has been ranked by the IFFHS as the 56th highest in the world for 2009 , making it the 5th highest ranked league in the Arab world , after the Saudi Professional League , the Egyptian Premier League , the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 , & the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 The league 's television rights are owned by Libya Sports . They also show a highlights program , called 90 Minutes , which broadcasts every week . The league is dominated by two clubs : Al Ittihad and Al Ahli , both based in the nation 's capital . 42 of the 43 titles have been won by clubs from the two biggest cities : Benghazi & Tripoli ." }, { "docid": "Ecuadorian_Serie_A", "title": "", "text": "The Primera Categoría Serie A , simply known as the Serie A or the Primera A , is a professional football league in Ecuador . At the top of the Ecuadorian football league system , it is the country 's premier football competition . Contested by twelve clubs , it operates a system of promotion and relegation with the Serie B , the lower level of the Primera Categoría . The season runs from February to December and is usually contested in multiple stages . It is sponsored by beer company Pilsener and is officially known as the Copa Pilsener Serie A. While initially not a league , the Serie A has its roots in the national championship between the top teams of Ecuador 's two regional leagues . For the first nine editions , teams from Guayaquil and Quito qualified to the competition through their professional regional leagues . It abandoned the qualification format to form a proper league in 1967 . Since the first edition in 1957 , the tournament has been held annually ( except 1958 and 1959 ) ; the 2005 season had two champions . It is ranked by IFFHS as 13th strongest football leagues in the world for 2011 , and the 5th strongest in South America . Eight different teams have been crowned Ecuadorian champions , but four teams have a combined total of 46 championships . The most successful club is Barcelona with fifteen titles . The defending champion is Barcelona ." }, { "docid": "Ricardo_Ferretti", "title": "", "text": "Ricardo Ferretti de Oliveira ( born 22 February 1954 ) is a Brazilian former professional footballer and current manager of Liga MX club Tigres UANL . Ferretti has held Mexican citizenship since 2006 . He is commonly referred to by his nickname Tuca . Ferretti as a player was a multifunctional midfielder with a powerful right shot and ability to score and assist goals . He was deployed as a central midfielder , attacking midfielder and winger . He spent most of his playing career with Pumas UNAM . He also played for Botafogo , Vasco da Gama and Bonsucesso in his native Brazil , and Atlas , Toros Neza , Monterrey and Toluca in Mexico . As a manager , he has had three separate stints with Tigres UANL , two with Pumas UNAM , and has also managed Toluca , Guadalajara and Monarcas Morelia . He is known for his ordered style focused on possession , the strict discipline he demands from his players and his aggressiveness on the bench . He is one of two managers in Mexican football history to manage 1,000 league matches , the other being Ignacio Trelles . Ferretti served for four matches as interim manager of Mexico in 2015 . He won the 2015 CONCACAF Cup against the United States on October 10 , 2015 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California . Ferritti has made Tigres UANL one of the most successful clubs in Mexico during his third stint since 2010 ; as Tigres ranked one of the top 20 clubs in the world according to IFFHS and ranked number one in CONCACAF as of 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Coritiba_Foot_Ball_Club", "title": "", "text": "Coritiba Foot Ball Club , commonly known as Coritiba or `` Coxa Branca '' , is a Brazilian football club from Curitiba in the state of Paraná . Founded in 1909 , it is the oldest football club in the state . Coritiba have won the Campeonato Paranaense 37 times -- more than both of its main rivals combined ( Atlético Paranaense have 22 titles and Paraná Clube have 7 ) . Coritiba has won the Brazilian Championship once in 1985 , and the club holds the world record for consecutive victories in all competitions , winning 24 matches in a row between February and May 2011 . Coritiba is the first club from southern Brazil to have won a national title , the 1973 Torneio do Povo , and is also the first southern club to have competed in both main continental competitions -- the Copa Libertadores and the Copa Sudamericana . Coritiba was both the first club from Paraná to have won the Série A ( the main title in Brazil ) , and to reach the semi-finals in the second main competition in the country -- the Copa do Brasil -- in 1991 , 2001 , 2009 , and to reach the finals in 2011 and 2012 . Coritiba is the only club who have six consecutive Paranaense titles , between 1971 and 1976 . Coritiba is also the club with the most appearances in this championship . The club are currently in first place on the FPF ranking , 14th place on the CBF ranking , 83rd place on the Conmebol ranking and 125th on the international IFFHS ranking . The club has more than 30,000 members . As of 2013 , Coritiba has partnerships ( including loans and exchanges of youth players ) with Porto and Benfica of Portugal , Chivas Guadalajara of Mexico , Daegu of South Korea and VVV-Venlo of the Netherlands . Coritiba is the first football club in the south of Brazil to begin to embrace American football . The Coritiba Crocodiles were formed through a fusion between Coritiba and the Barigui Crocodiles , and are the one time Brazilian champions , five times state champions and have twice won the southern conference ." }, { "docid": "Real_Madrid_C.F.", "title": "", "text": "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol ( -LSB- reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol -RSB- ; Royal Madrid Football Club ) , commonly known as Real Madrid , or simply as Real , is a professional football club based in Madrid , Spain . Founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club , the club has traditionally worn a white home kit since inception . The word Real is Spanish for Royal and was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem . The team has played its home matches in the 81,044-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947 . Unlike most European sporting entities , Real Madrid 's members ( socios ) have owned and operated the club throughout its history . The club was estimated to be worth $ 3.24 billion ( $ 3.65 billion ) in 2015 , and in the 2014 -- 15 season it was the world 's highest-earning football club , with an annual revenue of $ 577 million . The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world . Real Madrid is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division , along with Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably El Clásico with Barcelona and El Derbi with Atlético Madrid . Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s , winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times . This success was replicated in the league , where the club won five times in the space of seven years . This team , which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano , Ferenc Puskás , Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time . In domestic football , the club has won a record 33 La Liga titles , 19 Copa del Rey , nine Supercopa de España , a Copa Eva Duarte , and a Copa de la Liga . In international football , the club has won a record 11 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles , a joint record three Intercontinental Cups , two UEFA Cups , three UEFA Super Cups , and two FIFA Club World Cups . Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December 2000 , and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004 . The club was also awarded Best European Club of the 20th Century by the IFFHS on 11 May 2010 and leads the current UEFA club rankings ." }, { "docid": "Categoría_Primera_A", "title": "", "text": "The Categoría Primera A ( -LSB- kateɣoˈɾi.a pɾiˈmeɾa ˈa -RSB- ) , commonly referred to as Liga Águila due to sponsorship by brewery company Bavaria ( manufacturer of Águila beer ) , is a Colombian professional league for association football clubs . It is the country 's premier football tournament and sits at the top of the Colombian football league system . The league was ranked 11th by the IFFHS in its list `` The Strongest National League in The World 2015 '' , being the third best in South America . A total of twenty clubs compete in the league 's regular season . División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano , better known as Dimayor , operates the league system of promotion and relegation for both Categoría Primera A and Categoría Primera B leagues . Since its founding in 1948 , fourteen teams have been crowned as Colombian football champions . The most successful club is Atlético Nacional with 15 titles ." }, { "docid": "FC_Schalke_04", "title": "", "text": "Fußballclub Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V. , commonly known as FC Schalke 04 ( -LSB- ʔɛf t͡seː ˈʃalkə nʊl fiːɐ̯ -RSB- ) , Schalke or abbreviated as S04 ( -LSB- ˈʔɛs nʊl fiːɐ̯ -RSB- ) , is a professional German association-football club and multi-sports club originally from the Schalke district of Gelsenkirchen , North Rhine-Westphalia . The `` 04 '' in the club 's name derives from its formation in 1904 . Schalke has long been one of the most popular professional football teams and multi-sports club in Germany , even though major successes have been rare since the club 's heyday in the 1930s and early 1940s . Schalke play in the Bundesliga , the top tier of the German football league system . As of December 2015 , the club has 140,000 members , making it the second-largest sports club in Germany and the sixth-largest sports club in the world in terms of membership . Other activities offered by the club include athletics ( track and field ) , basketball , handball , table tennis , winter sports , and eSports . Founded in 1904 , Schalke has won seven German championships , five DFB-Pokals , one DFL-Supercup and one UEFA Cup . Since 2001 , Schalke 's stadium is the Veltins-Arena . Schalke holds a long-standing rivalry with Ruhr neighbours Borussia Dortmund , arguably one of the most widespread and well-known rivalries in German football , and matches between the two teams are referred to as the Revierderby . Schalke was ranked as the seventh-best football team in Europe by UEFA 's 2015 UEFA club rankings . In terms of operating income , Schalke possesses the seventh-highest operating income of any football club at `` $ 64.4 million or # 38.2 million ( $ 48 million ) '' , and 0 % debt as of August 2014 . Schalke also generates the 14th-highest revenue of any football club , at `` $ 265.6 million or # 157.8 million ( $ 198 million ) '' . In May 2014 , Schalke 04 were ranked by Forbes magazine as the 14th-most valuable football club , at '' # 355 million or $ 599 million ( $ 446 million ) '' , an increase of 16 % from the previous year ." }, { "docid": "Henry_Javier_Hernández", "title": "", "text": "Henry Javier Hernández ( born 14 May 1982 ) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a forward . He was ranked the third top goalscorer of the world in 2012 by IFFHS behind Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo , scoring 35 goals in 45 matches with Guatemalan club Heredia ." }, { "docid": "João_Sousa", "title": "", "text": "João Pedro Coelho Marinho de Sousa ( born 30 March 1989 ) , known as João Sousa ( -LSB- ʒuˈɐ̃ũ̯ ˈsowzɐ -RSB- ) , is a Portuguese professional tennis player , who is ranked 36th in the world by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) , as of 17 April 2017 . A top-100 player since July 2013 and with two ATP World Tour singles titles , Sousa is regarded as the greatest Portuguese tennis player of all time . He is nicknamed Conquistador ( Portuguese for `` Conqueror '' ) for sharing his birthplace with Afonso I of Portugal , the country 's first king . Sousa is coached by former player Frederico Marques and practices at the BTT Tennis Academy in Barcelona . Sousa began playing tennis at the age of seven . After winning national youth titles , he decided at the age of fifteen to invest in his career by moving to Barcelona . After an unimpressive junior career , Sousa turned professional in 2008 and won his first singles tournament in 2009 . He started playing in the ATP Challenger Tour in 2008 , winning his first tournament at this level in 2011 . Sousa debuted in the top-level ATP World Tour in 2008 , and rose to prominence at the 2013 Malaysian Open , where he became the first Portuguese player to win a World Tour-level singles tournament . Sousa holds several Portuguese men 's tennis records . In October 2013 , he ranked 49th in the world after his victory at the Malaysian Open , becoming the first Portuguese player to break into the singles top 50 . In November 2015 , Sousa reached a career-high and Portuguese-best ranking of world no. 33 , following his second ATP World Tour singles title at the Valencia Open . In May 2016 , he improved his personal ranking best , becoming the first Portuguese player to enter the top 30 , as a result of reaching his first Masters 1000 quarter-finals in Madrid . In 2014 , he was the first Portuguese player to compete exclusively at the ATP World Tour in a single season ; the first to be seeded in a Grand Slam tournament ( 2014 US Open ) ; and the second to reach the quarterfinals in a Grand Slam event ( 2015 US Open doubles ) . Sousa is the fourth Portuguese player to reach the singles top 100 , and the second to do so in both singles and doubles rankings , after Nuno Marques . He is also the Portuguese player with the largest career prize money , and the most wins at Grand Slam singles tournaments ." }, { "docid": "S.L._Benfica", "title": "", "text": "Sport Lisboa e Benfica ( -LSB- spɔɾ liʒˈboɐ i bɐ̃ȷ̃ˈfikɐ -RSB- ) , commonly known as Benfica , is a Portuguese sports club based in Lisbon , Portugal . It is best known for the professional football team playing in the Primeira Liga , the top flight of Portuguese football . Benfica are the current Portuguese champions , having won four consecutive league titles . Founded in 1904 by a group of people led by Cosme Damião , Benfica is one of the `` Big Three '' clubs in Portugal that have never been relegated from the Primeira Liga -- the other two are rivals Sporting CP and FC Porto . The team is nicknamed Águias ( Eagles ) for the symbol atop the club 's crest , and Encarnados ( Reds ) for the shirt colour . Since 2003 , their home ground has been the Estádio da Luz , which replaced the original one . Benfica is the most supported Portuguese club , with an estimated fan base of 14 million supporters worldwide , and the European club with the highest percentage of supporters in its own country . By the end of December 2016 , it had 184,264 paying members . The club 's official anthem , `` Ser Benfiquista '' , refers to its supporters who are called Benfiquistas . Benfica is honoured in three Portuguese Orders : those of Christ , of Merit and of Prince Henry . Benfica is the most successful Portuguese club in terms of both domestic ( 78 ) and overall titles ( 80 ) -- 81 including the Latin Cup -- and is the only one to have won all national competitions . They have won a record 36 Primeira Liga titles , a record 29 Campeonato de Portugal/Ta ça de Portugal ( 11 doubles ) , a record 7 Taça da Liga ( one treble ) and 6 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira . Internationally , Benfica won two consecutive European Cup titles , in 1961 and 1962 , a unique feat in Portuguese football . In addition , they were runners-up at the Intercontinental Cup in 1961 and ' 62 , at the European Cup in 1963 , ' 65 , ' 68 , '88 and ' 90 , and at the UEFA Cup/Europa League in 1983 , 2013 and ' 14 . They have reached ten European finals , which ranks seventh all-time among UEFA clubs and is a domestic record . Furthermore , they hold the European record for the most consecutive wins in domestic league ( 29 ) and the longest unbeaten run in the Portuguese league ( 56 matches ) . In the 1972 -- 73 campaign , Benfica became the first undefeated Portuguese champions . In 2000 , Benfica was ranked twelfth in the FIFA Club of the Century award , and in 2009 was ranked ninth in `` Europe 's Club of the Century '' by IFFHS . Currently , Benfica is ranked eighth in the UEFA club coefficient rankings -- the best position of a Portuguese club -- and has the second most participations in the European Cup/UEFA Champions League ( 36 ) , after Real Madrid . Benfica 's all-time top goalscorer is Eusébio , who won one Ballon d'Or and two European Golden Boots while at the club ." }, { "docid": "University_of_Barcelona", "title": "", "text": "The University of Barcelona ( Universitat de Barcelona , UB -LSB- uniβərsiˈtat də βərsəˈɫonə -RSB- ; Universidad de Barcelona ) is a public university located in the city of Barcelona , Catalonia in Spain . With 75 undergraduate programs , 353 graduate programs and 96 doctorate programs to over 63,700 students , UB was considered to be the best University in Spain in the 2011 QS World University Rankings , which ranked the university 148th overall in the world . Its subject rankings were : 74th in Life Sciences & Biomedicine , 89th in Arts & Humanities , 87th in Natural Sciences , 143rd in Social Sciences and 175th in Engineering & IT . In 2010 , according to University Ranking by Academic Performance ( URAP ) , it is the best university in Spain and 83rd university in the world ." }, { "docid": "Andrés_Iniesta", "title": "", "text": "Andrés Iniesta Luján ( -LSB- anˈdɾes iˈnjesta luˈxan -RSB- ; born 11 May 1984 ) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for FC Barcelona and the Spain national team . He serves as the captain for both club and country . Iniesta came through La Masia , the Barcelona youth academy , after an early emigration from his birthplace , and impressed from an early age . He made his first-team debut aged 18 in 2002 . He began playing regularly during the 2004 -- 05 season and has remained in the team ever since . Iniesta was an integral part of the Barcelona sides that won two historic trebles in 2009 and 2015 , and his 33 trophies make him the most decorated Spanish footballer of all time . Iniesta played for Spain at the Under-16 , Under-19 and Under-21 levels before making his international debut in 2006 . He helped Spain win Euro 2008 , playing every game and being selected in the Team of the Tournament . Iniesta was also a key member of the victorious Spanish team at the 2010 World Cup ; he scored the winning goal in the final against the Netherlands , for which he was named the Man of the Match , and was selected to the tournament 's All-Star Team . At Euro 2012 , Iniesta led Spain to their second consecutive continental crown , again being chosen as the Man of the Match of the final against Italy , and was named the Player of the Tournament . Iniesta is widely considered to be one of the best players of his generation and one of the greatest midfielders of all time . Since 2009 , he has been chosen in the UEFA Team of the Year six times and has been voted into the FIFA World XI on eight occasions . Iniesta won the UEFA Best Player in Europe award in 2012 and was named the IFFHS World 's Best Playmaker in 2012 and 2013 . He was runner-up to Lionel Messi for the 2010 FIFA Ballon d'Or and achieved third place in 2012 ." }, { "docid": "Ange_N'Guessan", "title": "", "text": "Koko Ange Mariette Christelle N'Guessan ( born 18 November 1990 ) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays for Primera División club FC Barcelona . She was part of the Ivory Coast squad for the 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup . N'Guessan came to notice by scoring against Norway in a 3 -- 1 defeat at the World Cup . She joined Lithuanian club Gintra Universitetas for the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Women 's Champions League qualifying round , then finished the season in Cyprus with Anorthosis Famagusta , scoring 17 goals in 13 league games . She signed for FC Barcelona in August 2016 ." }, { "docid": "Rinat_Dasayev", "title": "", "text": "Rinat Fayzrakhmanovich Dasayev ( Ринат Файзрахманович Дасаев , Rinat Fäyzeraxman ulı Dasayev born 13 June 1957 ) is a Soviet-Russian football coach and a former goalkeeper , who played in three World Cups with the Soviet national team . He is considered the second best Russian goalkeeper ever behind Lev Yashin , and one of the best in the world in the 1980s . He was awarded the title of the World 's Best Goalkeeper of the Year award in 1988 by the IFFHS . In a 1999 IFFHS poll , he was elected the sixteenth greatest European goalkeeper of the twentieth century , alongside Gianpiero Combi , and the seventeenth greatest goalkeeper of the century . In 2004 , he was named by Pelé as one of the top 125 greatest living footballers . He currently works as goalkeepers ' coach with FC Spartak-2 Moscow . Dasayev , nicknamed `` The Iron Curtain '' and `` The Cat '' , was a goalkeeper for the Russian football club Spartak Moscow during most of the 1980s . He won the Soviet championship in 1979 and 1987 and was named Best Soviet Goalkeeper by Ogonyok magazine in 1980 , 1982 , 1983 , 1985 , 1987 , 1988 . In 1982 , he was named Soviet Footballer of the Year . Dasayev played for the Soviet national team at the 1980 Summer Olympics , winning the bronze medal . He appeared in the 1982 , 1986 and 1990 FIFA World Cups , as well as the Euro 88 ( where the Soviet Union lost the final ) . In total , he was capped 91 times from 1979 to 1990 , being the second-most capped player ever for the Soviet Union . After his contract ran out with the Spanish club Sevilla FC in the early 1990s , Dasayev retired from the sport . He was appointed as the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final Ambassador ." }, { "docid": "Joaquim_Rifé", "title": "", "text": "Joaquim Rifé Climent ( born 4 February 1942 in Barcelona , Catalonia ) was a Spanish footballer , captain of the FC Barcelona , who has most worn the Barcelona shirt a total of 548 played matches . He played in the first team for 12 seasons for the club , between 1964 and 1976 . Following his retirement as a player , he became one of the team trainers and at the end of the season 1978 -- 79 he took charge of the team along with Torres . This duo helped the team to attain The Recopa of Basilea . He ranks nine among players , by number of starts , in the history of Barcelona ." }, { "docid": "FC_Craiova", "title": "", "text": "FC Craiova Football Club was founded in 1940 by the merging of two teams from Craiova and Dolj County : Craiu Craiovan Craiova and Rovine Griviţa Craiova . The newly created team qualified for Divizia A immediately , ranking ninth in the 1940 -- 41 season . During the 1942 -- 1943 Championship , FC Craiova ranked first place , but the competition did not take place officially , due to World War II . The first official season after the war was the 1946 -- 47 season , FC Craiova took last place , relegating it to Divizia B. Under the new name `` AS Dolj '' , the team fell further , to Divizia C . During the 1948 -- 49 season , AS Dolj ranked 8 in Divizia C Series I. Afterwards , the ranking season was abolished , dissolving the team ." }, { "docid": "List_of_FC_Barcelona_records_and_statistics", "title": "", "text": "Futbol Club Barcelona ( -LSB- fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə -RSB- ) , also known as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is a professional football club , based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism , hence the motto `` Més que un club '' ( More than a club ) . The official Barça anthem is the `` Cant del Barça '' , written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs . Unlike many other football clubs , the supporters own and operate Barcelona . It is the world 's second richest football club in terms of revenue , with an annual turnover of $ 495 million in 2011 -- 12 season . Barcelona played its first friendly match on 8 December 1899 against the English colony in Barcelona in the old velodrome in Bonanova . Initially , Barcelona played against other local clubs in various Catalan tournaments . In 1929 , the club became one of the founding members of La Liga , Spain 's first truly national league , and has since achieved the distinction of being one of only three clubs to have never been relegated , along with Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao . Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955 . Barcelona holds a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid , with matches between the two teams referred to as `` El Clásico '' ( El Clàssic in Catalan ) . Matches against city rivals Espanyol are known as the `` Derbi barceloní '' . Barcelona has amassed various records since its founding . Regionally , domestically and continentally , the club has set several records in winning various official and unofficial competitions . During the time the club played in regional competitions until the end of the Catalan championship in 1940 , it won a record 23 titles from a possible 38 . In 2009 , Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the treble consisting of La Liga , the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League , and in 2015 it became the first club in Europe to win a second treble . Barcelona has signed several high-profile players , setting the world record in transfer fees on three occasions with the purchase of Johan Cruyff in 1973 , Diego Maradona in 1982 and Ronaldo in 1996 . The club 's players have received seven FIFA World Player of the Year awards , seven Ballon d'Or awards , four FIFA Ballon d'Ors , 3 UEFA Best Player in Europe awards and 6 European Golden Shoe awards , more than those of any other club ." }, { "docid": "List_of_FC_Barcelona_players", "title": "", "text": "'' For a list of all Barcelona players with a Wikipedia article see Cat : Barcelona footballers and for the current Barcelona first-team squad see FC Barcelona current squad . FC Barcelona is a professional association football club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . The club was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Spanish men led by Joan Gamper . Barcelona is one of only three clubs never to have been relegated from La Liga and the most successful club in Spanish football , having won a total of 70 domestic titles ; 24 La Liga titles , a record 29 Spanish Cups , 12 Spanish Super Cups , a record 3 Copas Eva Duarte and 2 League Cups . Barcelona is the only European side to have played continental football in every season since its inception in 1955 and one of the most successful clubs in European football , having won 14 official UEFA trophies in total . Aside from being the founder , Gamper was also one of the club 's first footballers and holds the record for most goals in one match , with nine . Lionel Messi is the all-time top scorer with 539 goals , holds the record for most goals scored in official competitions , with 507 , and is the current La Liga topscorer with 349 goals . Xavi holds the record for the most appearances in all competitions ( including friendlies ) , the record for most league appearances , with 505 games , and the record for most appearances in official competitions , with 767 games . Messi and Andrés Iniesta have won the record amount of trophies for the club ( 30 ) . Barcelona has employed several famous players , with five FIFA World Player winners and six Ballon d'Or winners among the previous and current Barcelona players . This makes it the club with the most FIFA World Player awards received by the players . In 2009 , Barcelona won an `` unprecedented sextuple '' by winning competitions such as the La Liga , Copa del Rey , Supercopa de España , UEFA Champions League , UEFA Supercup and FIFA Club World Cup in one calendar year . The same year , five of their players and their coach were voted onto the UEFA Team of the Year 2009 . The list includes notable footballers who have played for Barcelona . Generally , this means players that have played at least 100 league matches for the club . However , some players who have played fewer matches are also included if they are on Barcelona 's list of Legendary Players . Between 1899 and May 2015 , 958 footballers have played at least one official game with Barcelona ." } ]
224586	Courteney Cox appeared on a show created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman.	[ { "docid": "Courteney_Cox", "title": "", "text": "Courteney Bass Cox ( born June 15 , 1964 ) is an American actress , producer , and director . She is best known for her roles as Monica Geller on the NBC sitcom Friends , Gale Weathers in the horror series Scream , and Jules Cobb in the ABC/TBS sitcom Cougar Town , for which she earned her first Golden Globe nomination . Cox also starred in the FX series Dirt . She owns a production company , called Coquette Productions , which was created by Cox and her then-husband David Arquette . Cox also worked as a director on her sitcom Cougar Town and the television film Talhotblond ." }, { "docid": "Friends", "title": "", "text": "Friends ( stylized as F • R • I • E • N • D • S ) is an American television sitcom , created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , which aired on NBC from September 22 , 1994 , to May 6 , 2004 , lasting ten seasons . With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston , Courteney Cox , Lisa Kudrow , Matt LeBlanc , Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer , the show revolves around six 20-30 something friends living in Manhattan . The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright , Marta Kauffman , and David Crane . Kauffman and Crane began developing Friends under the title Insomnia Cafe between November and December 1993 . They presented the idea to Bright , and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC . After several script rewrites and changes , including a title change to Six of One and Friends Like Us , the series was finally named Friends . Filming took place at Warner Bros. . Studios in Burbank , California . All ten seasons of Friends ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings ; ultimately reaching the No. 1 spot with its eighth season . The series finale on May 6 , 2004 , was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers , making it the fifth most watched series finale in television history , and the most watched television episode of the 2000s decade . Friends received acclaim throughout its run , becoming one of the most popular television shows of all time . The series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards , winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season . The show ranked no. 21 on -LSB- -LSB- TV Guide 's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time \| TV Guide '' 's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time -RSB- -RSB- and no. 7 on Empire magazine 's The 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time . In 1997 , the episode `` The One with the Prom Video '' was ranked no. 100 on TV Guide 's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time . In 2013 , Friends '' ranked no. 24 on the Writers Guild of America 's 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time and no. 28 on TV Guide 's 60 Best TV Series of All Time ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Marta_Kauffman", "title": "", "text": "Marta Fran Kauffman ( born September 21 , 1956 ) is an American writer and TV producer , best known as the co-creator of the popular sitcom Friends , alongside David Crane . Both Kauffman and Crane were also executive producers of the show , along with Kevin Bright . Kauffman and Crane also produced Veronica 's Closet , starring Kirstie Alley , and Jesse , starring Christina Applegate . From 2005 -- 2006 she was an executive producer on Related . Both writers were the creators of the 1990 HBO series Dream On ." }, { "docid": "The_Last_One_(Friends)", "title": "", "text": "`` The Last One '' is the series finale of the television sitcom Friends . The episode serves as the seventeenth and eighteenth episode of season ten ; the episode 's two parts were classified as two separate episodes . It was written by series creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman , and directed by executive producer Kevin S. Bright . The series finale first aired on NBC in the United States on May 6 , 2004 , when it was watched by 52.5 million viewers , making it the most watched entertainment telecast in six years and the sixth most watched overall television series finale in U.S. history , as well as the most watched episode from any television series throughout the decade 2000s on U.S. television . In Canada , the finale aired simultaneously on May 6 , 2004 on Global , and was viewed by 5.16 million viewers , becoming the highest viewed episode of the series , and also becoming highest-viewed and highest-rated episode ever in Canada for a sitcom . The series finale closes several long-running storylines . Ross Geller ( David Schwimmer ) confesses his love for Rachel Green ( Jennifer Aniston ) , and they decide to resume their relationship ; and Monica Geller ( Courteney Cox ) and Chandler Bing ( Matthew Perry ) adopt twins and move to the suburbs . The episode 's final scene shows the group leaving their apartments for the final time and going to Central Perk for one last cup of coffee . Prior to writing the episode , Crane , Kauffman and Bright watched finales from other sitcoms for inspiration . Kauffman found that she liked the ones that stayed true to the series . Filming took place at Warner Bros. . Studios in Burbank , California ; part one was taped on January 16 , and part two on January 23 . The finale was well received by critics and the cast members ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Friends_episodes", "title": "", "text": "The American sitcom Friends was created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , and produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions in association with Warner Bros. . Television for NBC . The series began with the pilot episode , which was broadcast on September 22 , 1994 ; the series finished its ten-season run on May 6 , 2004 , with 236 episodes . On average , they are 22 -- 23 minutes long , for a 30-minute time slot including commercial breaks . The series narrative follows six friends living and working in New York City : Ross Geller , Rachel Green , Monica Geller , Chandler Bing , Joey Tribbiani and Phoebe Buffay , played by David Schwimmer , Jennifer Aniston , Courteney Cox , Matthew Perry , Matt LeBlanc and Lisa Kudrow respectively . All episodes were filmed at Warner Bros. . Studios in Burbank , California . The fourth season finale , `` The One with Ross 's Wedding '' , however , was filmed on location in London , UK in front of a British studio audience . In addition to the episodes , three specials were produced . In Friends : The Stuff You 've Never Seen , broadcast following `` The One with Joey 's New Brain '' on February 15 , 2001 , Conan O'Brien hosted a light-hearted discussion with the main cast on the Central Perk set -- the fictional coffee house which featured prominently in the series . The special introduced outtakes from past episodes . The two-part retrospective special The One with All the Other Ones was broadcast before the one-hour series finale `` The Last One '' on May 6 , 2004 , and features clips from past episodes and interviews with the cast . All episodes have been released on VHS , DVD , Blu-ray , and Netflix ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_8)", "title": "", "text": "The eighth season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on September 27 , 2001 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 16 , 2002 . This season had an average of 24.5 million viewers , and was the most watched TV show of the 2001 -- 02 television season ." }, { "docid": "Monica_Geller", "title": "", "text": "Monica E. Geller is a fictional character , one of the six main characters who appear in the American sitcom Friends . Created by show creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman , and portrayed by actress Courteney Cox , Monica appears in each of the show 's 236 episodes , from its premiere on September 24 , 1994 to its finale on May 6 , 2004 . A chef known for her cleanliness , competitiveness and obsessive-compulsive nature , Monica is the younger sister of Ross and best friend of Rachel , the latter of whom she invites to move in with her after Rachel forsakes her own wedding . The two characters spend several years living together as roommates until Monica becomes romantically involved with neighbor Chandler , whom she marries . Unable to conceive children on their own , the couple eventually adopts twins and moves out of their apartment into a larger house in the suburbs to raise their growing family . The creators ' first choice for the role of Monica was comedian Janeane Garofalo . Cox had originally been offered the role of Rachel , but declined in favor of playing the character 's best friend Monica because she was drawn to her strong personality . Meanwhile , the role of Rachel went to actress Jennifer Aniston , Cox 's co-star to whom the role of Monica had originally been offered . Before Friends aired , Monica 's characterization was greatly debated among writers in regards to the character sleeping with a man on their first date during the pilot . Kauffman in particular greatly defended Monica , arguing with NBC executive Don Ohlmeyer over whether or not this would make the character too promiscuous . Ultimately , the episode aired unchanged after the studio surveyed the audience , the results of which returned in favor of Monica 's existing storyline . The character 's struggles with childhood obesity , challenges with romantic relationships and complicated relationship with her mother would eventually become popular staples of the show . Several months before Friends premiered , NBC had conducted a research report , the results of which determined that Monica was the only character to have been remotely well received by test audiences . When Friends first aired , critics initially perceived Monica -- who was immediately established as the show 's `` mother hen '' -- and Cox as the series ' main character and star , respectively . Critics have been largely receptive towards both Cox and her character ; the Los Angeles Times holds Cox 's acting responsible for disproving the stigma that attractive women are incapable of delivering comedic performances . Revered as a television icon , Monica famously addressed several topics that were rarely discussed in prime time television at the time , including safe sex , casual sex , and age disparity in relationships . Despite garnering positive reviews for her performance , Cox remains the only main cast member to have never been nominated for an Emmy Award during Friends ten-year run . In addition to being widely recognized as one of the most famous fictional chefs , Monica 's Greenwich Village apartment , one of the series main locations , is considered to be among television 's most famous sets ." }, { "docid": "The_Pilot_(Friends)", "title": "", "text": "The Pilot ( also known as `` The One Where It All Began '' , `` The One Where Monica Gets a Roommate '' , and `` The First One '' ) was the first episode of the American situation comedy series Friends , premiered on NBC ( National Broadcasting Company ) on September 22 , 1994 . It was written by series creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman , and directed by James Burrows . The pilot introduces six friends who live and work in New York City ; Monica ( Courteney Cox ) sleeps with a wine seller after their first date but is horrified to discover he tricked her into bed ; her brother Ross ( David Schwimmer ) is depressed after his lesbian ex-wife moves her things out of their apartment ; Monica 's old schoolfriend Rachel ( Jennifer Aniston ) moves in with Monica after running out of her wedding ; and their friends , Joey , Chandler , and Phoebe ( Matt LeBlanc , Matthew Perry , and Lisa Kudrow ) , respectively offer them each support and advice . Crane and Kauffman pitched their original idea to network NBC in December 1993 . NBC liked it and commissioned a complete script , which was submitted in March 1994 . Before the script was finished , casting for the six main roles began ; 75 actors were seen for each part . The pilot was taped on May 4 , 1994 at Warner Bros. ' studios in Burbank , California . After making final edits to the episode , executive producer Kevin Bright submitted it on May 11 , two days before NBC was due to announce the schedule . Satisfied with the completed pilot , NBC ordered 12 more episodes for the first season . The episode was watched by approximately 22 million viewers , making it the fifteenth-most-watched television show of the week . Critics compared the show unfavorably to Seinfeld and Ellen , noting the similarities all three series had in depicting friends conversing about their lives . The cast , particularly Schwimmer , were complimented , though there was some concern that the character roles were undeveloped ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_1)", "title": "", "text": "The first season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on September 22 , 1994 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 18 , 1995 ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_3)", "title": "", "text": "The third season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on September 19 , 1996 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 25 episodes and concluded airing on May 15 , 1997 ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_5)", "title": "", "text": "The fifth season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on September 24 , 1998 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 20 , 1999 ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_6)", "title": "", "text": "The sixth season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on September 23 , 1999 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 25 episodes and concluded airing on May 18 , 2000 ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_7)", "title": "", "text": "The seventh season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on October 12 , 2000 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 17 , 2001 ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_9)", "title": "", "text": "The ninth season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on September 26 , 2002 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 15 , 2003 ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_10)", "title": "", "text": "The tenth and final season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on September 25 , 2003 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 18 episodes and concluded airing on May 6 , 2004 ." }, { "docid": "The_One_Hundredth", "title": "", "text": "`` The One Hundredth '' ( also known as `` The One With The Triplets '' ) is the third episode of Friends fifth season and 100th episode overall . It first aired on the NBC network in the United States on October 8 , 1998 . Continuing from the previous episode , the group arrive at the hospital after Phoebe ( Lisa Kudrow ) goes into labor . Meanwhile , Rachel ( Jennifer Aniston ) tries to set Monica ( Courteney Cox ) and herself up with two male nurses , which causes problems between Monica and Chandler ( Matthew Perry ) . The episode was directed by Kevin S. Bright and co-written by series creators David Crane & Marta Kauffman . The producers wanted to mark the landmark episode with a major event , choosing to bring a culmination to Phoebe 's surrogacy storyline . Earlier scripts had the character insistent on keeping hold of the babies , with the writers later deciding it would be better off having a sendoff , to keep it dramatic . In its original broadcast on NBC , `` The One Hundredth '' acquired a 17.7 Nielsen rating , finishing the week ranked second and received good reviews since airing ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_2)", "title": "", "text": "The second season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on September 21 , 1995 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 16 , 1996 . TV Guide placed the season 31st on their list of 100 all-time greatest television seasons ." }, { "docid": "Friends_(season_4)", "title": "", "text": "The fourth season of Friends , an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , premiered on NBC on September 25 , 1997 . Friends was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 7 , 1998 . It was one of three seasons included on TV Guides list of the Top 100 TV Seasons ." }, { "docid": "Dream_On_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "Dream On is an American adult-themed situation comedy about the family life , romantic life , and career of Martin Tupper , a divorced New York City book editor played by Brian Benben . The show distinctively interjected clips from older black-and-white television series to punctuate Tupper 's feelings or thoughts . It was created by Marta Kauffman and David Crane , the team who later created the TV show Friends . It ran for six seasons on HBO between 1990 and 1996 ." }, { "docid": "The_Powers_That_Be_(TV_series)", "title": "", "text": "The Powers That Be is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from March 7 , 1992 to January 16 , 1993 . The series was created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , and Norman Lear served as executive producer ." }, { "docid": "Rachel_Green", "title": "", "text": "Rachel Karen Green is a fictional character , one of the six main characters who appeared in the American sitcom Friends . Portrayed by actress Jennifer Aniston , the character was created by show creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman , and appeared in each of the show 's 236 episodes during its decade-long run , from its premiere on September 22 , 1994 to its finale on May 6 , 2004 . Introduced in the show 's pilot as a naive runaway bride who reunites with her childhood best friend Monica and relocates to New York City , Rachel gradually evolves from a spoiled , inexperienced daddy 's girl into a successful businesswoman . During the show 's second season , the character becomes romantically involved with her friend Ross , with whom she maintains a complicated on-again , off-again relationship throughout the entire series . Together , the characters have a daughter , Emma . The role of Rachel was originally offered to actresses Téa Leoni , the producer 's first choice , and Courteney Cox , both of whom declined , Leoni in favor of starring in the sitcom The Naked Truth , and Cox in favor of playing Rachel 's best friend Monica in Friends . A virtually unknown actress at the time who had previously starred in five short-lived sitcoms , Aniston auditioned for the role of Rachel after turning down an offer as a cast member on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live . After acquiring the role and before Friends aired , Aniston was temporarily at risk of being recast because she had also been involved with another sitcom , Muddling Through , at the time , which was ultimately canceled and allowed Aniston to remain on Friends . Critical reception towards Rachel has remained consistently positive throughout Friends decade-long run , with The A.V. Club attributing much of the show 's early success to the character . However , some of her storylines have been criticized , specifically her romantic relationship with her friend Joey during season ten . Rachel 's popularity established her as the show 's breakout character , who has since been named one of the greatest television characters of all-time , while the character 's second season haircut spawned an international phenomenon of its own . Named the `` Rachel '' after her , the character 's shag continues to be imitated by millions of women around the world and remains one of the most popular hairstyles in history , in spite of Aniston 's own resentment towards it . Rachel is also regarded as a style icon due to her influence on womenswear during the 1990s . Meanwhile , the character 's relationship with Ross is often cited among television 's most beloved . Rachel is considered to be Aniston 's breakout role , credited with making her the show 's most famous cast member and for spawning her successful film career . Praised for her performance as Rachel , Aniston won both an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress In A Television Series -- Comedy Or Musical ." }, { "docid": "Phoebe_Buffay", "title": "", "text": "Phoebe Buffay-Hannigan is a fictional character , portrayed by Lisa Kudrow , one of the six main characters from the American sitcom Friends . Created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , the show 's creators , she appeared in each of the show 's 236 episodes , from its premiere on September 24 , 1994 to its finale on May 6 , 2004 . A masseuse and musician , notable for her offbeat and sometimes ditzy behavior , little is known as to how Phoebe was introduced to the group . She plays guitar and sings at Central Perk . During the show 's ninth season , Phoebe is introduced to Mike Hannigan , played by actor Paul Rudd , by Joey , and the two begin a romantic relationship . The two later get engaged , then married . For her portrayal of Phoebe Buffay , Kudrow received a Golden Globe Award nomination and won a Primetime Emmy Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award , a Satellite Award , and an American Comedy Award ." }, { "docid": "David_Crane_(producer)", "title": "", "text": "David Crane ( born August 13 , 1957 ) is an American writer and producer . He is one of the creators of the television sitcom Friends , along with his longtime friend Marta Kauffman ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Dream_On_episodes", "title": "", "text": "Dream On , an adult-themed sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman , aired on HBO from July 8 , 1990 , to March 27 , 1996 . The series aired for a total of six seasons , consisting of 120 episodes ." }, { "docid": "Gale_Weathers", "title": "", "text": "Gale Weathers is a fictional character of the Scream series . The character was created by Kevin Williamson and is portrayed by Friends star Courteney Cox . She first appeared in Scream ( 1996 ) , followed by three sequels : Scream 2 ( 1997 ) , Scream 3 ( 2000 ) and Scream 4 ( 2011 ) . The character appears in the Scream films as an ambitious , strong-willed journalist and writer who is initially built up as an antagonist , but ultimately joins forces with Sidney Prescott and Dewey Riley in order to investigate and stop the Ghostface murders . Cox was nominated for three awards for her work as Gale Weathers and won a Teen Choice Award for Film -- Choice Chemistry shared with David Arquette ." }, { "docid": "Coquette_Productions", "title": "", "text": "Coquette Productions is a television and film production company created by David Arquette and Courteney Cox , and located in West Hollywood , California . The company name is a portmanteau of the pair 's surnames . Their productions include : 2014 : Celebrity Name Game ( syndicated game show ) 2014 : Just Before I Go ( film ) 2009 : Cougar Town ( TV show ) 2009 : The Big Change ( film in production ) 2008 : The Butler 's in Love ( film short ) 2007 : Dirt ( TV drama series ) 2007 : The Tripper ( horror film ) 2005 : Daisy Does America ( TV reality/comedy show ) 2005 : Slingshot ( crime film ) 2005 : Bigger Than the Sky ( comedy film ) 2005 : Talk Show Diaries ( TV comedy show ) 2003 : Mix It Up ( TV show on home decorating )" }, { "docid": "Celebrity_Name_Game", "title": "", "text": "Celebrity Name Game is an American syndicated game show which premiered on September 22 , 2014 . Based on the board game Identity Crisis ( created by Laura Robinson ) , the series was developed by Courteney Cox and David Arquette 's Coquette Productions , and was originally pitched as a primetime series for CBS with Craig Ferguson as host . The series was later picked up by FremantleMedia and Debmar-Mercury as a syndicated series for 2014 with Ferguson , who left The Late Late Show on December 19 , 2014 , remaining as host . The series marks Coquette 's first foray into game shows . The show was subsequently renewed for a second season , which premiered on September 21 , 2015 . On December 2 , 2016 , it was announced that the series would end after three seasons ." }, { "docid": "Courtney_Cox", "title": "", "text": "Courtney Cox may refer to : Courteney Cox ( formerly Courteney Cox Arquette , born 1964 ) , American actress and producer Courtney Cox ( musician ) , American guitarist Courtney Cox Cole ( née Cox ) , American athlete" }, { "docid": "The_Butler's_in_Love", "title": "", "text": "The Butler 's in Love is a short film directed by David Arquette and starring Elizabeth Berkley and Thomas Jane . The film is based on a painting by Mark Stock which hangs in Bix , the San Francisco restaurant where Arquette and his wife Courteney Cox held their rehearsal dinner the night before their wedding . The work shows a butler holding up a glass which is smudged with lipstick and a bottle of absinthe on a side table . `` We did n't have any absinthe at our wedding , '' Arquette said with a laugh . `` But I never forgot about the painting . I think of the romance behind it . '' The film was shot in 3-D on location in San Francisco and premiered June 23 , 2008 at Mann 's Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles , California . The rest of the Arquette siblings attended the screening , as well as his wife Cox and stars Elizabeth Berkley and Thomas Jane . The Butler 's in Love is the first of many short films from the new full-service film production company titled Tourmented Films . French Absinthe brand Le Tourment Vert , in cooperation with Converge Entertainment , announced on June 23 , 2008 the launch of their newest venture , Tourmented Films . Established to create edgy short films that carry the look and feel of the absinthe genre , Tourmented Films officially launched with The Butler 's in Love directed by David Arquette ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Scream_cast_members", "title": "", "text": "Scream is an American horror slasher film series created in 1996 by Kevin Williamson and directed by Wes Craven features a large cast of actors and actresses . The main star of the films is Canadian actress Neve Campbell who played the heroine Sidney Prescott who is accompanied by ambitious news reporter Gale Weathers , played by Courteney Cox , and the protective Dewey Riley , played by David Arquette , who appear in all four Scream films . The characters are accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks , played by Jamie Kennedy , in the first three films and Cotton Weary , played by Liev Schreiber , in Scream 2 and Scream 3 . The series consists of four films , Scream ( 1996 ) , Scream 2 ( 1997 ) , Scream 3 ( 2000 ) and most recently Scream 4 ( 2011 ) , with all of the films being directed by Wes Craven and scored by Marco Beltrami . Kevin Williamson wrote Scream , Scream 2 and Scream 4 but scheduling commitments meant he could provide only notes for Scream 3 , with writing duties instead helmed by Ehren Kruger . The Weinstein Company has stated that the success of Scream 4 could lead to potential sequels and a new Scream trilogy , with Arquette , Craven and Williamson all having been contracted or expressed interest in appearing in future installments . However , the Weinsteins eventually stated the franchise would only continue through Scream : The TV Series , a television production that debuted on MTV in 2015 . The series is notable in the horror genre for casting established and popular actors which , before Scream ( 1996 ) , was uncommon and difficult , the genre not taken seriously by mainstream actors . In particular , its cast of famous female actresses such as Drew Barrymore and Courteney Cox in prominent , strong roles was considered to give the genre credibility and allow future Scream and other horror films to attract big name actors with greater ease ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Friends_characters", "title": "", "text": "Various characters appeared in the sitcom Friends , which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004 . It featured six main cast members : Rachel Green ( Jennifer Aniston ) , Phoebe Buffay ( Lisa Kudrow ) , Joey Tribbiani ( Matt LeBlanc ) , Chandler Bing ( Matthew Perry ) , Ross Geller ( David Schwimmer ) and Monica Geller ( Courteney Cox ) . Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run ." }, { "docid": "The_Shrink_Is_In", "title": "", "text": "The Shrink Is In is a 2001 American comedy film directed by Richard Benjamin starring Courteney Cox and David Arquette ." } ]
24896	Chris Pine appeared in a 2012 American romantic comedy spy film.	[ { "docid": "Chris_Pine", "title": "", "text": "Christopher Whitelaw Pine ( born August 26 , 1980 ) is an American actor . He is known for his role as James T. Kirk in Star Trek ( 2009 ) , Star Trek Into Darkness ( 2013 ) , and Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) . He also appeared in the films The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement ( 2004 ) , Just My Luck ( 2006 ) , Smokin ' Aces ( 2007 ) , Bottle Shock ( 2008 ) , Unstoppable ( 2010 ) , This Means War ( 2012 ) , Rise of the Guardians ( 2012 ) , Horrible Bosses 2 ( 2014 ) , Jack Ryan : Shadow Recruit ( 2014 ) , Into the Woods ( 2014 ) , Z for Zachariah ( 2015 ) , The Finest Hours ( 2016 ) , Hell or High Water ( 2016 ) , and Wonder Woman ( 2017 ) ." }, { "docid": "This_Means_War_(film)", "title": "", "text": "This Means War is a 2012 American romantic comedy spy film directed by McG in which two CIA agents who are best friends discover that they are dating the same woman . The film stars Reese Witherspoon , Chris Pine , and Tom Hardy ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Bradley_Cooper", "title": "", "text": "Bradley Charles Cooper ( born January 5 , 1975 ) is an American actor and producer . He was one of the world 's highest-paid actors for three years , and has been nominated for various accolades , including four Academy Awards , two BAFTA Awards and two Golden Globe Awards . Cooper appeared in Forbes Celebrity 100 on two occasions and Time list of 100 most influential people in the world in 2015 . Cooper enrolled in the MFA program at the Actors Studio , New York City in 2000 . His career began with a guest role in the television series Sex and the City in 1999 and his film debut came two years later in Wet Hot American Summer . He first gained recognition as Will Tippin in the spy-action television show Alias ( 2001 -- 2006 ) , and achieved minor success with a supporting part in the comedy film Wedding Crashers ( 2005 ) . His breakthrough role came in 2009 with The Hangover , a commercially successful comedy which spawned two sequels in 2011 and 2013 . Cooper 's portrayal of a struggling writer in the thriller Limitless ( 2011 ) and a rookie police officer in the crime drama The Place Beyond the Pines ( 2012 ) drew praise from critics . He found greater success with the romantic comedy-drama Silver Linings Playbook ( 2012 ) , the black comedy crime film American Hustle ( 2013 ) , and the biopic American Sniper ( 2014 ) . For his work in these films , Cooper was nominated for Academy Awards -- two Best Actor , one Best Supporting Actor , and one Best Picture . Cooper became the tenth actor to receive an Academy Award nomination in three consecutive years . In 2014 , he portrayed Joseph Merrick in a Broadway revival of The Elephant Man , garnering a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play ." }, { "docid": "Jennifer_Garner", "title": "", "text": "Jennifer Anne Garner ( born April 17 , 1972 ) is an American actress . Her breakthrough film debut was in the comedy Dude , Where 's My Car ( 2000 ) . Following a supporting role in Pearl Harbor , Garner gained recognition for her performance as CIA officer Sydney Bristow in the ABC spy-action thriller Alias , which aired from 2001 to 2006 . For her work on the series , she won a Golden Globe Award and a SAG Award and received four Emmy Award nominations . While working on Alias , Garner gained a cameo role in Catch Me if You Can ( 2002 ) , followed by a praised leading performance in the romantic comedy film 13 Going on 30 ( 2004 ) . Garner has appeared in supporting as well as lead film roles including the superhero films Daredevil ( 2003 ) and Elektra ( 2005 ) , the comedy-drama Juno ( 2007 ) , and the fantasy romantic comedy The Invention of Lying ( 2009 ) . In the 2010s , she appeared in the romantic-comedy film Valentine 's Day , the fantasy comedy-drama film The Odd Life of Timothy Green ( 2012 ) , the biographical drama Dallas Buyers Club ( 2013 ) , and the comedy Alexander and the Terrible , Horrible , No Good , Very Bad Day ( 2014 ) . Garner works frequently as an activist for early childhood education and is a board member of Save the Children . She is also an advocate for anti-paparazzi campaigns among children of celebrities . Garner had a five-year relationship with Scott Foley from 1998 to 2003 , during which they married . Garner married Ben Affleck in 2005 , with whom she has three children ; they separated in 2015 and filed for divorce in April 2017 ." }, { "docid": "Blind_Dating", "title": "", "text": "Blind Dating ( also known as Blind Guy Driving ) is a 2006 romantic comedy film directed by James Keach and starring Chris Pine , Eddie Kaye Thomas , Anjali Jay , Jane Seymour , and Jayma Mays . The movie is produced by David Shanks and James Keach and is distributed by Samuel Goldwyn Films LLC . During its release , the film received mixed to negative reviews . The publication City Weekly proposed that actor Chris Pine receive a special award for `` Best Performance in an Otherwise Inexplicable Film . ''" }, { "docid": "Just_My_Luck_(2006_film)", "title": "", "text": "Just My Luck is a 2006 American romantic comedy film directed by Donald Petrie and written by I. Marlene King and Amy B. Harris . The film stars Lindsay Lohan and Chris Pine as the main characters . Lohan stars as Ashley , the luckiest girl in Manhattan , New York . She loses her luck after kissing Jake , portrayed by Pine , at a masquerade bash . The film features supporting roles by Samaire Armstrong , Faizon Love , Missi Pyle , and McFly , the English band whom Jake discovers in the film and tries to help by finding them a producer ." }, { "docid": "Tony_Scott", "title": "", "text": "Anthony David Leighton `` Tony '' Scott ( 21 June 1944 -- 19 August 2012 ) was an English film director and producer . His films come from a broad range of genres , including the action drama Top Gun ( 1986 ) , action comedy Beverly Hills Cop II ( 1987 ) , auto racing film Days of Thunder ( 1990 ) , action comedy The Last Boy Scout ( 1991 ) , romantic dark comedy crime film True Romance ( 1993 ) , submarine action film Crimson Tide ( 1995 ) , psychological thriller The Fan ( 1996 ) , spy thriller Enemy of the State ( 1998 ) , spy film Spy Game ( 2001 ) , action thriller Man on Fire ( 2004 ) , sci-fi action thriller Déjà Vu ( 2006 ) , thriller The Taking of Pelham 123 ( 2009 ) , and the action thriller Unstoppable ( 2010 ) . Scott was the younger brother of film director Sir Ridley Scott . They both graduated from the Royal College of Art in London . In 1995 both Tony and Ridley received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution To Cinema . In 2010 , they received the BAFTA Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment . He committed suicide on 19 August 2012 , by jumping off the Vincent Thomas Bridge in San Pedro , California ." }, { "docid": "Amanda_Peet", "title": "", "text": "Amanda Peet ( born January 11 , 1972 ) is an American actress and author who has appeared in film , stage , and television . After studying with Uta Hagen at Columbia University , Peet began her career in television commercials , and progressed to small roles on television , before making her film debut in 1995 . Featured roles in the 2000 comedy film The Whole Nine Yards brought her wider recognition . She has appeared in a variety of films , including the 2001 comedy Saving Silverman , the 2003 romantic comedy Something 's Got ta Give , the 2003 psychological thriller film Identity , the 2005 action-thriller Syriana , the 2006 comedy-drama remake Griffin & Phoenix , the 2007 romantic comedy The Ex , the 2008 science fiction film The X-Files : I Want to Believe and the 2009 disaster adventure drama 2012 . She has also appeared in the 1999 drama series Jack & Jill , the 2006 drama series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , and the 2015 comedy-drama series Togetherness ." }, { "docid": "The_Princess_Diaries_2:_Royal_Engagement", "title": "", "text": "The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement is a 2004 American romantic comedy film and the sequel to 2001 's The Princess Diaries . Unlike the first film , this film is not based on any of the books . Most of the cast returned from the first film , including Julie Andrews , Anne Hathaway , Héctor Elizondo , Heather Matarazzo , and Larry Miller . Garry Marshall returned to direct and Debra Martin Chase to produce . New characters include Viscount Mabrey ( John Rhys-Davies ) , Lord Nicholas Devereaux ( Chris Pine ) , and Andrew Jacoby ( Callum Blue ) . Despite generally negative reviews from critics , the film had a worldwide box office of $ 122 million ." }, { "docid": "Halle_Berry", "title": "", "text": "Halle Maria Berry ( born Maria Halle Berry ; August 14 , 1966 ) is an American actress . She won the 2002 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) . As of 2017 , she is the only black woman to have won a Best Actress Academy Award . Berry was one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed . She is also a Revlon spokesmodel . Before becoming an actress , she started modeling and entered several beauty contests , finishing as the 1st runner-up in the Miss USA Pageant and coming in 6th place in the Miss World Pageant in 1986 . Her breakthrough film role was in the romantic comedy Boomerang ( 1992 ) , alongside Eddie Murphy , which led to roles in films such as the comedy The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , the political comedy-drama Bulworth ( 1998 ) and the television film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge ( 1999 ) , for which she won the Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , among many other awards . In addition to her Academy Award win , Berry garnered high-profile roles in the 2000s such as Storm in the X-Men film series ( beginning in 2000 ) , the action crime thriller Swordfish ( 2001 ) , and the spy film Die Another Day ( 2002 ) , where she played Bond Girl Jinx . She then appeared in the X-Men sequels , X2 ( 2003 ) and X-Men : The Last Stand ( 2006 ) . In the 2010s , she appeared in movies such as the science fiction film Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , the crime thriller The Call ( 2013 ) and X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) . Berry was formerly married to baseball player David Justice , and singer-songwriter Eric Benét . She has a daughter by model Gabriel Aubry , and a son by actor Olivier Martinez ." }, { "docid": "Love,_Lies_and_Seeta", "title": "", "text": "Love , Lies and Seeta is a 2012 Indian-American independent romantic comedy film written , produced , directed by Chandra Pemmaraju . Starring Melanie Kannokada , Arjun Gupta , Lavrenti Lopes , Michael Derek , it is built around three distinctly different guys all of whom pine for the same beautiful girl . The movie premiered at the India International Film Festival ( IIFF ) of Tampa Bay in Florida and went on to play in various international film festivals before having a limited theatrical release in India on May 18 , 2012 by Cinemax . The film marks Melanie Kannokada 's debut as lead in a feature film ." }, { "docid": "Exit_Strategy_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Exit Strategy is a 2012 American independent romantic comedy film directed by Michael Whitton and starring Jameel Saleem , Kimelia Weathers , Quincy `` QDeezy '' Harris , with cameo appearances by L.A. radio host Big Boy and stand-up comedian Kevin Hart . Saleem plays a man whose main goal is to not get the girl , but to lose her -- thus marketed as a self-described `` un-romantic comedy . '' The film originated as a seven-part web series that had been running since 2007 ." }, { "docid": "Ashton_Kutcher", "title": "", "text": "Christopher Ashton Kutcher ( -LSB- ˈkʊtʃər -RSB- born February 7 , 1978 ) is an American actor and investor . Kutcher began his career as a model and began his acting career portraying Michael Kelso in the Fox sitcom That '70s Show , which aired for eight seasons . He made his film debut in the romantic comedy Coming Soon and became known by audiences in the comedy film Dude , Where 's My Car ? , which was a box office hit . In 2003 , Kutcher appeared in romantic comedies Just Married and My Boss 's Daughter and , the same year , he created , produced , and hosted Punk 'd which aired on MTV for five seasons until its revival in 2012 . In 2004 , Kutcher starred in the lead role of the psychological film The Butterfly Effect and gained public recognition . Kutcher subsequently appeared in more romantic comedies , including Guess Who ( 2005 ) , A Lot Like Love ( 2005 ) , What Happens in Vegas ( 2008 ) , and No Strings Attached ( 2011 ) . From 2011 to 2015 , he starred as Walden Schmidt on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men . In 2013 , Kutcher portrayed Steve Jobs in the biographical film Jobs ." }, { "docid": "Pierce_Brosnan", "title": "", "text": "Pierce Brendan Brosnan , OBE ( born 16 May 1953 ) is an Irish actor , film producer , and activist who after leaving comprehensive school at age 16 , began training in commercial illustration . He then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years . Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele ( 1982 -- 87 ) , which blended the genres of romantic comedy , drama , and detective procedural . After the conclusion of Remington Steele , Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol ( 1987 ) and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) . In 1994 , Brosnan became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series , starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 ( GoldenEye , Tomorrow Never Dies , The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day ) . He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games James Bond 007 : Nightfire and James Bond 007 : Everything or Nothing , providing his voice for the latter . During this period , he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante 's Peak ( 1997 ) and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1999 ) . Since leaving the role of Bond , he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia ! ( 2008 ) , the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer ( 2010 ) and the action spy thriller The November Man ( 2014 ) . In 1996 , along with Beau St. Clair , Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime , a Los Angeles-based production company . In later years , he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism . He was married to Australian actress Cassandra Harris from 1980 until her death in 1991 . He married American journalist and author Keely Shaye Smith in 2001 , and became an American citizen in 2004 , holding dual citizenship in the United States and Ireland . He has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations , first for the television miniseries Nancy Astor ( 1982 ) and next for the dark comedy film The Matador ( 2005 ) ." }, { "docid": "Claudine_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Claudine is a 1974 American comedy-drama/romantic film , produced by Third World Films and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Starring James Earl Jones , Diahann Carroll , and Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs , it is noted for being one of the few mainstream films featuring an African-American cast released during that time which was not a blaxploitation film . Claudine was written by Lester Pine and Tina Pine and directed by John Berry . The film was released on April 22 , 1974 , grossing about $ 6 million ." }, { "docid": "Katrina_Kaif_filmography", "title": "", "text": "Katrina Kaif is a British actress who predominantly appears in Bollywood films . She made her film debut in the 2003 erotic heist film Boom , a box office bomb . She then played the titular princess in the Telugu film Malliswari ( 2004 ) . Kaif had her first success in Bollywood when she appeared opposite Salman Khan in David Dhawan 's romantic comedy Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya ? . The 2006 musical romance Humko Deewana Kar Gaye saw Kaif pair opposite Akshay Kumar for the first of many films , though the film was a critical and financial failure . Beginning with Namastey London , the year 2007 marked a turning point in her career when all four releases proved to be successful at the box-office . Among these were two of the highest grossing productions of the year the comedies Partner and Welcome . The following year , Kaif appeared in three films including the action comedy Singh Is Kinng and the drama Yuvvraaj , a major box-office disappointment . In 2009 , Kaif received a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in Kabir Khan 's terrorism drama New York . Later that year , she starred opposite Ranbir Kapoor in the comedy Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani . In 2010 , Kaif portrayed the role of a politician in Prakash Jha 's political thriller Raajneeti and an aspiring actress in Tees Maar Khan . While the former was a box-office hit , the latter was a critical and commercial failure . Kaif starred alongside an ensemble cast in Zoya Akhtar 's comedy drama Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara ( 2011 ) . She received her second Filmfare Award nomination for Best Actress for her portrayal of a runaway bride in the romantic comedy Mere Brother Ki Dulhan ( 2011 ) . In 2012 , she played the role of a Pakistani ISI agent in the spy film Ek Tha Tiger , which became the highest-grossing Bollywood film of the year . The same year , she starred alongside Shah Rukh Khan and Anushka Sharma in Jab Tak Hai Jaan , a romance by Yash Chopra . Kaif played a circus performer opposite Aamir Khan in the 2013 action film Dhoom 3 . With a worldwide revenue of , Dhoom 3 went on to become the highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time at the time of its release . Kaif played Hrithik Roshan 's love interest in the 2014 action comedy Bang Bang ! and starred alongside Saif Ali Khan in the 2015 thriller Phantom ." }, { "docid": "10_Years_(2011_film)", "title": "", "text": "10 Years is a 2011 American romantic comedy directed by Jamie Linden in his directorial debut . The film stars with an ensemble cast including Channing Tatum , Jenna Dewan , Justin Long , Kate Mara , Rosario Dawson , Oscar Isaac , Lynn Collins , Chris Pratt , Scott Porter , Brian Geraghty , Anthony Mackie , Kelly Noonan and Juliet Lopez . The film was released on September 14 , 2012 , in select theaters ." }, { "docid": "Nargis_Fakhri", "title": "", "text": "Nargis Fakhri ( born October 20 , 1979 ) is an American model and actress , who mainly appears in Hindi films . Fakhri began her career as a model and appeared as a contestant in the The CW series America 's Next Top Model . She made her acting debut in the 2011 romantic drama Rockstar , for which she received a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut nomination . She received praise for starring as a war correspondent in the political thriller Madras Cafe ( 2013 ) . She later appeared in the successful comedies Main Tera Hero ( 2014 ) , Spy ( 2015 ) , and Housefull 3 ( 2016 ) , the second of which was a Hollywood production ." }, { "docid": "Chris_Cooper", "title": "", "text": "Christopher Walton Cooper ( born July 9 , 1951 ) is an American film actor . He became well known in the late 1980s . He has appeared in supporting performances in several major Hollywood films , including the drama American Beauty ( 1999 ) , the biopic about a NASA engineer titled October Sky ( 1999 ) , the action spy film The Bourne Identity ( 2002 ) , the biographical sports psychological drama thriller film Seabiscuit ( 2003 ) , the biographical film about Truman Capote , Capote ( 2005 ) , the geopolitical thriller Syriana ( 2005 ) , the action-thriller The Kingdom ( 2007 ) , the crime drama The Town ( 2010 ) , and the musical comedy film The Muppets ( 2011 ) . He also portrayed Sheriff July Johnson in the acclaimed miniseries Lonesome Dove , which became one of the most successful Westerns in history . Cooper won both the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the comedy-drama metafilm Adaptation ( 2002 ) . He played a lead role in the historical and political thriller Breach ( 2007 ) , playing FBI agent and traitor Robert Hanssen . He played Daniel Sloan in the 2012 political action thriller The Company You Keep , and supervillain Norman Osborn in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 ( 2014 ) . He also portrayed Al Templeton on the 2016 Hulu miniseries 11.22.63 . He is a frequent collaborator with director John Sayles , including Matewan ( 1987 ) , City of Hope ( 1991 ) , Lone Star ( 1996 ) , Silver City ( 2004 ) and Amigo ( 2010 ) ." }, { "docid": "Tom_Cruise_filmography", "title": "", "text": "Tom Cruise is an American actor and producer who made his film debut with a minor role in the 1981 romantic drama Endless Love . Two years later he made his breakthrough by starring in the romantic comedy Risky Business ( 1983 ) , which garnered Cruise his first nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . In 1986 , Cruise played a fighter pilot in the Tony Scott-directed action drama Top Gun ( the highest-grossing film that year ) , and also starred opposite Paul Newman in the Martin Scorsese-directed drama The Color of Money . Two years later he played opposite Dustin Hoffman in the Academy Award for Best Picture-winning drama Rain Man ( 1988 ) , and also appeared in the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture-winning romantic drama Cocktail ( 1988 ) . In doing so Cruise became the first and only person as of 2014 to star in a Best Picture Oscar winner and a Worst Picture Razzie winner in the same year . His next role was as anti-war activist Ron Kovic in the drama adaptation of Kovic 's memoir of the same name , Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) . For his performance Cruise received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama and his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . In 1992 , he starred opposite Jack Nicholson in the legal drama A Few Good Men , an adaptation of the Broadway play of the same name also written by Aaron Sorkin . Cruise next appeared in The Firm ( 1993 ) , a film adaptation of the John Grisham legal thriller of the same name , and in the same year also made his directorial debut by directing an episode of the anthology television series Fallen Angels . Three years later Cruise starred as IMF agent Ethan Hunt in the action spy thriller film Mission : Impossible ( 1996 ) , the first film project of his production company Cruise/Wagner Productions , which he had co-founded with Paula Wagner in 1993 . As of 2015 , Cruise has appeared in four more films in the Mission : Impossible franchise : Mission : Impossible 2 ( 2000 ) , Mission : Impossible III ( 2006 ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( 2011 ) , and Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation ( 2015 ) . He is set to reprise his role as Hunt in Mission : Impossible 6 , which is scheduled to be released in 2018 . He played the titular role in the Cameron Crowe-directed comedy-drama Jerry Maguire ( 1996 ) , which garnered Cruise the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and his second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . In 1999 , Cruise starred in the Stanley Kubrick-directed erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut opposite his then wife Nicole Kidman , and also appeared in the Paul Thomas Anderson-directed drama Magnolia . For the latter he received the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . Cruise reteamed with Crowe on the science fiction thriller Vanilla Sky ( 2001 ) , which earned him a Saturn Award for Best Actor . The following year he starred in the Steven Spielberg-directed science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . In 2005 , he collaborated again with Spielberg on the science fiction thriller War of the Worlds and received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from BAFTA Los Angeles . Three years later he appeared in the satirical action comedy Tropic Thunder ( 2008 ) and played Claus von Stauffenberg in the historical thriller Valkyrie ( 2008 ) . Cruise played the eponymous role in the thriller Jack Reacher , and appeared in the romantic musical comedy Rock of Ages ( both 2012 ) . His next films Oblivion ( 2013 ) , and Edge of Tomorrow ( 2014 ) saw him return to the science fiction genre ." }, { "docid": "Dulquer_Salmaan", "title": "", "text": "Dulquer Salmaan ( born 28 July 1986 ) , referred popularly as DQ , is an Indian film actor who appears predominantly in Malayalam films . The son of film actor Mammootty , Salmaan graduated with a bachelor 's degree in Business Management from Purdue University , and worked as a business manager before pursuing a career in acting . Salmaan made his acting debut in the 2012 action drama Second Show , for which he received the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut . He received his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance in Ustad Hotel ( 2012 ) . After the commercial success of the comedy ABCD : American-Born Confused Desi ( 2013 ) and the romantic drama Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi ( 2013 ) , Salmaan appeared in the Tamil romantic comedy Vaayai Moodi Pesavum ( 2014 ) . He followed it by starring in the ensemble romantic drama Bangalore Days ( 2014 ) , which rank among the highest-grossing Malayalam films . He achieved further success in Tamil cinema with Mani Ratnam 's a critically and commercially successful romance O Kadhal Kanmani ( 2014 ) . Subsequently , Salmaan garnered acclaim for portraying the title role in the 2015 romantic drama Charlie , winning him the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor . Salmaan married architect Amal Sufiya in 2011 with whom he has one daughter . Cited in the media as one of the most attractive Indian celebrities , Salmaan has also been recognised for his fashion style . He owns several entrepreneurship ventures and promotes various social causes ." }, { "docid": "Margot_Robbie", "title": "", "text": "Margot Elise Robbie ( -LSB- ˈmɑrɡoʊ_ˈrɒbi -RSB- born 2 July 1990 ) is an Australian actress and producer . Robbie started her career by appearing in Australian independent films in the late 2000s . She was later cast in the soap opera Neighbours ( 2008 -- 2011 ) , which earned her two Logie Award nominations . After moving to the United States , Robbie starred in the short-lived ABC drama series Pan Am ( 2011 -- 2012 ) . In 2013 , she made her big screen debut in Richard Curtis 's romantic comedy-drama film About Time and co-starred in Martin Scorsese 's biographical black comedy The Wolf of Wall Street . In 2015 , Robbie co-starred in the romantic comedy-drama film Focus , appeared in the romantic World War II drama film Suite Française and starred in the science fiction film Z for Zachariah . That same year , she played herself in The Big Short . In 2016 , she portrayed Jane Porter in the action-adventure film The Legend of Tarzan and Harley Quinn in the superhero film Suicide Squad . She appeared on Time magazine 's `` The Most Influential People of 2017 '' list ." }, { "docid": "King_of_the_Zombies", "title": "", "text": "King of the Zombies is a 1941 American horror comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough and stars Dick Purcell , Joan Woodbury , and Mantan Moreland . The film was produced by Monogram Pictures , and was typical of its B films churned out by the Pine-Thomas team . Along with flying scenes , the use of zany characters and slapstick efforts were juxtaposed with a spy and zombie story ." }, { "docid": "Julia_Roberts_filmography", "title": "", "text": "Julia Roberts is an American actress and producer who made her debut in the 1987 direct-to-video feature Firehouse . Roberts made her breakthrough the following year by starring in the coming-of-age film Mystic Pizza ( 1988 ) . For her supporting role in the comedy-drama Steel Magnolias ( 1989 ) , she received the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress . Roberts ' next role was opposite Richard Gere in the romantic comedy Pretty Woman ( 1990 ) . The film is estimated to have sold over 42 million tickets in North America -- the most for a romantic comedy in the United States as of 2014 . For her performance , Roberts won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress ( Musical or Comedy ) . In 1991 , she appeared in the psychological thriller Sleeping with the Enemy , and played Tinker Bell in the Steven Spielberg-directed fantasy adventure Hook . Two years later , Roberts starred in the legal thriller The Pelican Brief , an adaptation of the John Grisham novel of the same name . During the late 1990s , she played the lead in the romantic comedies My Best Friend 's Wedding ( 1997 ) , Notting Hill ( 1999 ) , and Runaway Bride ( 1999 ) . In 2000 , Roberts played the eponymous environmental activist in the Steven Soderbergh-directed biographical film Erin Brockovich . She became the first actress to earn $ 20 million for a film . Roberts ' performance garnered her the Academy Award for Best Actress , the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role , and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress ( Drama ) . The following year , she starred in the romantic comedy America 's Sweethearts ( 2001 ) , and also reteamed with Soderbergh on the comedy heist remake Ocean 's Eleven ( 2001 ) . Roberts appeared in the 2003 drama , Mona Lisa Smile , which earned her a then record $ 25 million salary for a film actress . The following year , she starred in the romantic drama Closer ( 2004 ) , and also reprised her role in Ocean 's Eleven in its sequel , Ocean 's Twelve ( 2004 ) . In 2006 , she lent her voice to two animated films : The Ant Bully , and Charlotte 's Web . Roberts appeared in the black comedy drama August : Osage County ( 2013 ) , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . Roberts made her television debut in the drama series Crime Story in 1987 . She appeared in the crime drama series Miami Vice , and the television film Baja Oklahoma ( both in 1988 ) . In 1996 , Roberts guest starred on the television sitcom Friends . Her guest star appearance on the police procedural/legal drama Law & Order in 1999 , earned Roberts a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series . She has , as of 2014 , served as an executive producer on four films in the American Girl film series . The first three were television films while the fourth , Kit Kittredge : An American Girl , had a theatrical release in 2008 . In 2014 , Roberts provided narration for an episode of the documentary series Makers : Women Who Make America , and appeared in the television film The Normal Heart . Her role in the latter garnered Roberts a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie ." }, { "docid": "Emergency_Landing_(1941_film)", "title": "", "text": "Emergency Landing ( a.k.a. Robot Pilot ) is a 1941 American aviation spy-fi romantic screwball comedy film directed by William Beaudine . The film stars Forrest Tucker in his second film and in his first leading role with co-stars Carol Hughes and Evelyn Brent . Emergency Landing features lots of mismatched stock footage of various types of aircraft ." }, { "docid": "Ed's_Next_Move", "title": "", "text": "Ed 's Next Move is a 1996 American romantic comedy film written and directed by John C. Walsh . It stars Matt Ross and Callie Thorne . A micro-budget romantic comedy about a transplanted Midwesterner adapting to life in New York 's East Village , the film appeared at the 1996 Sundance Film Festival where it received critical praise and was picked up by Orion Classics for theatrical release . The LA Times ' Kenneth Turan called the movie `` one of the most appealing , audience friendly films at Sundance , '' while Roger Ebert referred to the film as `` a truth telling comedy with quiet wit and bright dialogue . '' Sight & Sound called it `` a perfectly formed romantic comedy . ''" }, { "docid": "List_of_Tom_Hanks_performances", "title": "", "text": "Tom Hanks is an American actor and producer who has had an extensive career in films , television and on the stage . Hanks made his professional acting debut on the stage playing Grumio , in the Great Lakes Theater production of The Taming of the Shrew ( 1977 ) . He made his film debut with a minor role in the horror film He Knows You 're Alone ( 1980 ) . In the same year , Hanks appeared in the television series Bosom Buddies . His role in the show led to guest appearances on a variety of long running television shows including Happy Days . Hanks ' appearance on the show led film director Ron Howard to cast him in his first leading role in the fantasy romantic comedy Splash ( 1984 ) . He went on to host Saturday Night Live for the first time in 1985 ( a show he has since hosted nine times as of 2016 ) , star in films such as Nothing in Common ( 1986 ) and Dragnet ( 1987 ) before playing his breakthrough role in the age-changing comedy Big ( 1988 ) . For his performance in the film , Hanks garnered his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . In 1993 , he starred opposite Meg Ryan in the Nora Ephron-directed romantic comedy Sleepless in Seattle . Later that year , he played the role of a gay lawyer suffering from AIDS , fighting discrimination in his law firm in the drama Philadelphia . For his performance , Hanks earned his first Academy Award for Best Actor . For his next film , the romantic comedy-drama Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) , he received a consecutive second Academy Award for Best Actor which made Hanks the first actor since Spencer Tracy in 1938 to achieve this feat . In 1995 , he played astronaut Jim Lovell , in Howard-directed historical drama , Apollo 13 , and voiced Sheriff Woody in the animated film Toy Story . Hanks made his debut as a director and screenwriter in the 1996 musical comedy That Thing You Do ! Later in the same year , he founded with Gary Goetzman , his own film and television production company called Playtone . In 1998 , Hanks executive produced the Emmy Award-winning docudrama miniseries From the Earth to the Moon and starred in Steven Spielberg-directed epic war film , Saving Private Ryan , which earned him his fourth nomination for Best Actor at the Academy Awards . Later that year , he reunited with Meg Ryan in another Ephron directed-romantic comedy , You 've Got Mail . He also reprised his role in Toy Story , for its sequel , Toy Story 2 . In 2000 , Hanks starred in Cast Away , which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama and a fifth nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor . In 2001 , he executive produced Emmy Award-winning World War II mini-series Band of Brothers and the romantic comedy , My Big Fat Greek Wedding . The following year at the age of 45 , he became the youngest person to receive the lifetime achievement award from the American Film Institute . This was followed in 2004 , by BAFTA Los Angeles awarding him the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film . In 2006 , he played Professor Robert Langdon in the Howard-directed adaptation of the best-selling book of the same name , The Da Vinci Code . Two years later he executive produced musical comedy Mamma Mia ( 2008 ) and Emmy Award-winning mini-series John Adams ( 2008 ) . In 2010 , he reprised his role in Toy Story in its second sequel , Toy Story 3 and also executive produced the Emmy Award-winning mini-series The Pacific . He made a return in 2011 to directing in the romantic comedy Larry Crowne . The following year he starred in The Wachowskis-directed film adaptation of the novel of the same name Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) and executive produced the Emmy Award-winning mini-series Game Change ( 2012 ) . Hanks made his Broadway debut in 2013 in Ephron 's play , Lucky Guy , which earned him a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play ." }, { "docid": "The_First_Time_(2012_film)", "title": "", "text": "The First Time is a 2012 teen romantic comedy film written and directed by Jon Kasdan , and stars Britt Robertson , Dylan O'Brien , James Frecheville and Victoria Justice . Dave Hodgman ( Dylan O'Brien ) is a high school senior who spends most of his time pining away over Jane Harmon ( Victoria Justice ) , a girl he ca n't have . Aubrey Miller ( Britt Robertson ) , a junior at a different high school , has an older boyfriend Ronny ( James Frecheville ) who does n't quite understand her or seem to care . A casual conversation between Dave and Aubrey sparks an instant connection , and , over the course of a weekend , things turn magical , romantic , complicated , and funny as Aubrey and Dave discover what it 's like to fall in love for the first time ." }, { "docid": "Amanda_Seyfried", "title": "", "text": "Amanda Michelle Seyfried ( -LSB- ˈsaɪfrɛd -RSB- ; born December 3 , 1985 ) is an American actress and singer-songwriter . She began her career as a model when she was 11 , then her acting career at 15 with recurring parts on the soap operas As the World Turns and All My Children . In 2004 , Seyfried made her movie debut in the teen comedy Mean Girls . Her subsequent supporting roles were in independent films , such as the drama Nine Lives ( 2005 ) and the crime drama Alpha Dog ( 2006 ) . She also had a recurring role on the UPN television series Veronica Mars ( 2004 -- 06 ) . Between 2006 and 2011 , Seyfried starred on the HBO drama series Big Love and appeared in the musical feature film Mamma Mia ! ( 2008 ) . Seyfried had leading roles in the black comedy horror film Jennifer 's Body ( 2009 ) , as a call girl in the erotic thriller Chloe ( 2009 ) , the romantic drama-war film Dear John ( 2010 ) , and the romantic drama Letters to Juliet ( 2010 ) . She then starred in the dark fantasy historical romance Red Riding Hood ( 2011 ) , the dystopian sci-fi thriller In Time ( 2011 ) , the thriller Gone ( 2012 ) , the musical drama film Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , the biographical drama Lovelace ( 2013 ) , and in the Seth MacFarlane comedies A Million Ways to Die in the West ( 2014 ) and Ted 2 ( 2015 ) ." }, { "docid": "The_Glass_Bottom_Boat", "title": "", "text": "The Glass Bottom Boat is a 1966 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Tashlin , starring Doris Day and Rod Taylor , with Arthur Godfrey , Dick Martin , Dom DeLuise and Paul Lynde . It is also known as The Spy in Lace Panties ." }, { "docid": "Will_Smith_filmography", "title": "", "text": "Will Smith is an American actor and producer . His breakthrough came when he played a fictionalised version of himself in the 1990s television sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air . The role brought him international recognition and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor -- Television Series Musical or Comedy . He also served as an executive producer on 24 episodes of the series . Two years later , Smith made his film debut in the drama Where the Day Takes You , where he appeared as a disabled homeless man . In 1995 , he starred as a police officer with Martin Lawrence in Michael Bay 's Bad Boys . The following year , Smith appeared as a Marine Corps pilot with Jeff Goldblum in Roland Emmerich 's science fiction film Independence Day . The film grossed over $ 817 million at the worldwide box office and was the highest grossing of 1996 . In 1997 , he starred as Agent J in the science fiction film Men in Black , a role he reprised in its sequels Men in Black II ( 2002 ) , and Men in Black 3 ( 2012 ) . Smith portrayed heavyweight boxer Muhammad Ali in the 2001 biopic Ali . For his performance he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama . In 2004 , he appeared in the animated film Shark Tale , and science fiction film I , Robot . The following year he starred as a professional dating consultant in the romantic comedy Hitch . Smith 's portrayal of stockbroker Chris Gardner in the biopic The Pursuit of Happyness ( 2006 ) received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor . In 2008 , he played a vigilante superhero in Hancock . While the film received poor reviews , it became his eighth consecutive to gross over $ 100 million at the North American box office and grossed a worldwide total of over $ 624 million . In 2015 , Smith portrayed Nigerian-American physician Bennet Omalu in the biopic Concussion for which he garnered a nomination for a Golden Globe Award . The following year , he appeared in the action film Suicide Squad , which grossed over $ 745 million at the worldwide box office ." }, { "docid": "Leroy_\"Twist\"_Casey", "title": "", "text": "Leroy Casey ( born January 22 , 1973 , The Bronx , New York ) ( originally known as Twist , also known as Casey Lee ) served as DJ for the sketch comedy series In Living Color , from 1991 until 1994 . He also appeared in the Keenen Ivory Wayans film A Low Down Dirty Shame ( 1994 ) as a young police officer , the Wayans Brothers comedy White Chicks ( 2004 ) as Tony , along with actor Terry Crews ( of the UPN series Everybody Hates Chris ) , and in Dance Flick ( 2009 ) as the undercover police officer who arrests a student who was freestyling about a murder he committed . Casey , who has been friends with Shawn Wayans since childhood , also appeared with Shawn and Marlon Wayans in a guest appearance in an episode of the WB comedy The Wayans Bros. ( he was credited as Casey Lee ) , UPN 's In the House , opposite LL Cool J , and ABC-TV crime drama series NYPD Blue . Casey starred in a buddy cop comedy feature film , titled CarrMell Sunday , as Detective Chris Mell , a gambling addict . As of late November 2012 , the film was due to be released on Hulu , Netflix , and Video On Demand around late 2012 or early 2013 . Casey presently appears in an Internet series titled Punanny Diaries , as the character `` James '' ." } ]
50863	Ratatouille was directed by one person.	[ { "docid": "Ratatouille_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Ratatouille ( -LSB- rætəˈtuːiː -RSB- -LSB- ʁatatuj -RSB- ) is a 2007 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar and released by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . It is the eighth film produced by Pixar and was co-written and directed by Brad Bird , who took over from Jan Pinkava in 2005 . The title refers to a French dish , `` ratatouille '' , which is served at the end of the film and is also a play on words about the species of the main character . The film stars the voices of Patton Oswalt as Remy , an anthropomorphic rat who is interested in cooking ; Lou Romano as Linguini , a young garbage boy who befriends Remy ; Ian Holm as Skinner , the head chef of Auguste Gusteau 's restaurant ; Janeane Garofalo as Colette , a rôtisseur at Gusteau 's restaurant ; Peter O'Toole as Anton Ego , a restaurant critic ; Brian Dennehy as Django , Remy 's father and leader of his clan ; Peter Sohn as Emile , Remy 's older brother ; and Brad Garrett as Auguste Gusteau , a recently deceased chef . The plot follows Remy , who dreams of becoming a chef and tries to achieve his goal by forming an alliance with a Parisian restaurant 's garbage boy . Development of Ratatouille began in 2000 when Pinkava wrote the original concepts of the film . In 2005 , Bird was approached to direct the film and revise the story . Bird and some of the film 's crew members also visited Paris for inspiration . To create the food animation used in the film , the crew consulted chefs from both France and the United States . Bird also interned at Thomas Keller 's The French Laundry restaurant , where Keller developed the confit byaldi , a dish used in the film . Ratatouille premiered on June 22 , 2007 , at the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles , California , with its general release June 29 , 2007 , in the United States . The film grossed at the box office and received universal acclaim . The film later won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , among other honors ." } ]	[ { "docid": "List_of_accolades_received_by_Ratatouille", "title": "", "text": "Ratatouille is a computer-animated film produced by Pixar and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures . The film was released on June 29 , 2007 in the United States as the eighth film produced by Pixar . It was directed by Brad Bird , who took over from Jan Pinkava in 2005 . The plot follows Remy , a rat who dreams of becoming a cook chef and tries to achieve his goal by forming an alliance with a Parisian restaurant 's garbage boy . Ratatouille was released to both critical acclaim and box office success , opening in 3,940 theaters domestically and debuting at # 1 with $ 47 million , grossing $ 206,445,654 in North America and a total of $ 624,445,654 worldwide . The film is on the 2007 top ten lists of multiple critics , including Michael Sragow of The Baltimore Sun as number one , A.O. Scott of The New York Times , Carina Chocano of the Los Angeles Times and Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal as number two . It was nominated for five Academy Awards , including Original Score , Achievement in Sound Editing , Achievement in Sound Mixing , Original Screenplay and Animated Feature Film , which it lost to Atonement , The Bourne Ultimatum and Juno , respectively. , winning the latter one . Ratatouille was nominated for 13 Annie Awards , twice for the Best Animated Effects , where it lost to Surf 's Up , and three times in the Best Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production for Janeane Garofalo , Ian Holm and Patton Oswalt , where Ian Holm won the nomination . It won the Best Animated Feature Award from multiple associations including the Chicago Film Critics , the National Board of Review , the Annie Awards , the Broadcast Film Critics , the British Academy of Film and Television ( BAFTA ) and the Golden Globes . __ TOC __" }, { "docid": "Ratatouille_(disambiguation)", "title": "", "text": "Ratatouille is a French vegetable dish . Ratatouille may also refer to : Ratatouille ( film ) , a 2007 animated film by Pixar about a rat aspiring to be a chef Ratatouille ( video game ) , multiplatform video game tie-in to the film Ratatouille : Food Frenzy , Nintendo DS video game tie-in to the film Ratatouille : L'Aventure Totalement Toquée de Rémy , a park ride at Disneyland Paris" }, { "docid": "Ratatouille:_L'Aventure_Totalement_Toquée_de_Rémy", "title": "", "text": "Ratatouille : L'Aventure Totalement Toquée de Rémy ( `` Remy 's Totally Zany Adventure '' ) , also known as Ratatouille : L'Attraction and Ratatouille : The Adventure , is a motion-based trackless 3D dark ride based on the 2007 Disney · Pixar animated film Ratatouille in Walt Disney Studios Park located in Disneyland Paris , France . Disneyland Paris officially announced the attraction in March 2013 ." }, { "docid": "Ratatouille", "title": "", "text": "Ratatouille ( -LSB- ˌrætəˈtuːiː -RSB- ; -LSB- ʁatatuj -RSB- ) is a French Provençal stewed vegetable dish , originating in Nice , and sometimes referred to as ratatouille niçoise ." }, { "docid": "Ratatouille:_Food_Frenzy", "title": "", "text": "Ratatouille : Food Frenzy is a cookery simulation-styled minigame compilation video game developed by Helixe and published by THQ for the Nintendo DS . It was released in North America on October 29 , 2007 , in Europe on February 15 , 2008 , and in Japan on February 21 , 2008 . It is based on the film Ratatouille ." }, { "docid": "Ratatouille_(video_game)", "title": "", "text": "Ratatouille is a video game based on the Pixar film of the same name . It was developed at Heavy Iron Studios and released by THQ , on June 26 , 2007 . Ratatouille was initially released on twelve systems -- Wii , Nintendo DS , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 2 , PSP , Xbox 360 , Xbox , Nintendo GameCube , Game Boy Advance , Microsoft Windows , OS X , and J2ME -- making it the most comprehensive simultaneous cross-platform launch in THQ 's history ." }, { "docid": "Your_Friend_the_Rat", "title": "", "text": "Your Friend the Rat is a 2007 animated short film by Pixar , originally released on the home video release of the film Ratatouille . The short takes on the form of an educational film and stars rats Remy and Emile , two of the protagonists of Ratatouille , who argue for the reconciliation of humans and rats . They use historical facts presented via various styles of animation . This is Pixar 's second short film to feature traditional animation ; at 11 minutes , it is also the longest Pixar short to date . Along with 2D animation , the short also includes stop-motion animation , computer generated imagery ( CGI ) and live action . Like Ratatouille , Your Friend the Rat also features a musical sequence . This is also Pixar 's first short film to have a cameo of a protagonist of a film that releases a year later , which was a cameo of WALL-E . Your Friend the Rat won the Best Animated Short Subject category at the 35th annual Annie Awards and was released on DVD and Blu-ray with Disney · Pixar 's Ratatouille ( November 6 , 2007 ) ." }, { "docid": "Lifted_(2006_film)", "title": "", "text": "Lifted is a 2006 Pixar computer-animated short film directed by Gary Rydstrom . This is the first film directed by Rydstrom , a seven-time Academy Award-winning sound editor and mixer , and the first produced by Katherine Sarafian , who went on to produce Pixar 's Brave released in 2012 . The short premiered on October 12 , 2006 , at the 42nd Chicago International Film Festival at Columbia College , and was released theatrically and on home media with Pixar 's Ratatouille ( June 29 , 2007 ) ." }, { "docid": "Brad_Lewis", "title": "", "text": "Bradford Clark `` Brad '' Lewis ( born April 29 , 1958 , Sacramento County , California ) is an American film producer , animation director and local politician . He produced DreamWorks ' Antz and , for Pixar , the Oscar-winning Ratatouille . He also co-directed Disney · Pixar 's Cars 2 and he also produced Warner Bros. . Animation Group 's animated film Storks . He is a former mayor of the city of San Carlos , California ." }, { "docid": "Brad_Bird", "title": "", "text": "Phillip Bradley `` Brad '' Bird ( born September 24 , 1957 ) is an American director , screenwriter , animator , producer and occasional voice actor , known for animated and live-action films . Bird developed a love for the art of animation at an early age and was mentored by Milt Kahl , one of Disney 's legendary Nine Old Men . He was part of one of the earliest graduating classes of the California Institute of the Arts alongside John Lasseter and Tim Burton . Afterwards , Bird worked as an animator for Disney and wrote the screenplay for Batteries Not Included ( 1987 ) . Bird served as a creative consultant on The Simpsons during its first eight seasons , where he helped develop the show 's animation style . Afterwards , Bird left to direct his first animated feature , The Iron Giant ( 1999 ) , which fared poorly at the box office but came to be regarded as a modern animated classic . He rejoined Lasseter at Pixar in 2000 , where he would develop his second picture , The Incredibles ( 2004 ) , and his third picture , Ratatouille ( 2007 ) . Both films place among Pixar 's highest-grossing features and gave Bird two Academy Award for Best Animated Feature wins and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nominations . In 2011 , Bird directed his first live-action film Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol , which became the highest-grossing and best reviewed film of its franchise . His second live-action film , Tomorrowland , starring George Clooney , was released in May 2015 ." }, { "docid": "Direct–inverse_language", "title": "", "text": "The definition of a direct -- inverse language is a matter under research , but it is widely understood to involve different grammar for transitive predications according to the relative positions of their `` subject '' and their `` object '' on a person hierarchy , which , in turn , is some combination of saliency and animacy specific to a given language . The direct construction is the unmarked one . The direct construction is used when the subject of the transitive clause outranks the object in the person hierarchy , and the inverse is used when the object outranks the subject . The existence of direct -- inverse morphosyntax is usually accompanied by proximate -- obviative morphosyntax . The direct -- inverse dimension subsumes the proximate -- obviative dimension . Across languages , obviation almost always involves the third person , but second-person obviation is reported for some Nilo-Saharan languages ) , and the direct -- inverse alternation is usually presented as being a way of marking the proximate -- obviative distinction between two ( or more ) third person arguments of a sentence . However , there are at least two languages with inverse systems , the Mesoamerican languages Zoque and Huastec , in which inverse morphosyntax is never used when both subject and object are third person , but only when one of these arguments is third person and the other is a speech act participant ( SAP ) , the first or second person ." }, { "docid": "Direct_selling", "title": "", "text": "Direct selling is the marketing and selling of products directly to consumers away from a fixed retail location . Peddling is the oldest form of direct selling . Modern direct selling includes sales made through the party plan , one-on-one demonstrations , and other personal contact arrangements as well as internet sales . Some sources have defined direct selling as : `` The direct personal presentation , demonstration , and sale of products and services to consumers , usually in their homes or at their jobs . '' Direct selling consists of two main business models : single-level marketing , in which a direct seller makes money by buying products from a parent organization and selling them directly to customers , and multi-level marketing ( also known as network marketing or person-to-person marketing ) , in which the direct seller may earn money from both direct sales to customers and by sponsoring new direct sellers and potentially earning a commission from their efforts ." }, { "docid": "Adrian_Molina", "title": "", "text": "Adrian Molina ( born August 23 , 1985 ) is an American screenwriter and storyboard artist . He has been at Pixar since 2007 , where he started as a 2D animator on Ratatouille . He later moved on to be a storyboard artist , working on Toy Story 3 and Monsters University . After writing for The Good Dinosaur , Molina started his first gig as a screenplay writer for Coco and later went on to co-direct the film . Molina also illustrated the Little Golden Book for Toy Story 3 . A native of Yuba City , California , he graduated from the California Institute of the Arts in 2007 . Molina is married to Ryan Dooley ." }, { "docid": "Persepolis_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Persepolis is a 2007 French-Iranian animated biographical film based on Marjane Satrapi 's autobiographical graphic novel of the same name . The film was written and directed by Satrapi with Vincent Paronnaud . The story follows a young girl as she comes of age against the backdrop of the Iranian Revolution . The title is a reference to the historic city of Persepolis . The film was co-winner of the Jury Prize at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival and was released in France and Belgium on 27 June . In her acceptance speech , Satrapi said `` Although this film is universal , I wish to dedicate the prize to all Iranians . '' The film was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , but lost to Ratatouille ." }, { "docid": "Kevin_O'Brien_(director)", "title": "", "text": "Kevin O'Brien is an American director and storyboard artist . He is best known for his work on The Simpsons , where he has collaborated on 35 episodes in the storyboard department , and on Futurama , having worked on four episodes as a storyboard artist and one as a director ( `` My Three Suns '' ) . Recently he has worked on Pixar films Ratatouille and WALL-E . In 2005 he won an Annie Award for `` Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production '' for The Incredibles ." }, { "docid": "Nitro_(film)", "title": "", "text": "Nitro is a 2007 Canadian action film . Directed by Alain Desrochers , the film stars Guillaume Lemay-Thivierge as Max , a former drag racer who is forced to return to his criminal past when his girlfriend ( Myriam Tallard ) requires a heart transplant . The film also stars Lucie Laurier as Morgane , a female drag racer who assists Max in his quest to locate a suitable organ for his girlfriend 's surgery . The film , which has not yet opened in English Canada , ranked # 5 in national box office on its first weekend just on the strength of its $ 700,000 opening in Quebec . Within Quebec , the film outsold both Live Free or Die Hard and Ratatouille ." }, { "docid": "Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_5", "title": "", "text": "Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 5 is a Looney Tunes collection on DVD . Following the pattern of one release each year of the previous volumes , it was released on October 30 , 2007 . The four discs in this collection are devoted to themes and subjects the cartoons in each disc have in common . The first disc consists entirely of cartoons starring the two top stars of Warner cartoons , Bugs Bunny and/or Daffy Duck . The second disc consists entirely of cartoons which lampoon fairy tales . The third disc consists entirely of cartoons either directed or co-directed by Bob Clampett . The fourth disc titled `` Early Daze '' features rarely seen cartoons from the 1930s and early 1940s which were made in black-and-white . Continuing a pattern which began with Looney Tunes Golden Collection : Volume 3 , the DVD set has a warning in the beginning of each disc that states that some of the cartoons contain ethnic and racial stereotypes that may be offensive to modern audiences ; however , like the fourth volume , the warning is shown on a title card rather than done as a special introduction . This volume did not sell as well as the previous volumes did , mainly due to the slump of the country 's economy at this point , and partly due to stiff competition from DVD release of rival studio Pixar 's Ratatouille . As a result , it was decided that both this and Volume 6 release outside of North America would be delayed/not occur . . Eventually , however the fifth volume was released on April 18 , 2011 in Region 2 UK ." }, { "docid": "Confit_byaldi", "title": "", "text": "Confit byaldi is a variation on the traditional French dish ratatouille by French chef Michel Guérard ." }, { "docid": "John_Kahrs", "title": "", "text": "John Kahrs is an American animator and film director . Kahrs attended NSCAD University , graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1990 . He began his career at Blue Sky Studios in New York , where he worked as an animator between 1990 and 1997 . He later moved to Pixar , where he worked on such films as A Bug 's Life , The Incredibles , and Ratatouille . After ten years at Pixar , he moved over to Disney , where he animated on Bolt , Wreck-It Ralph and Frozen , and was an animation supervisor on Tangled . In 2013 , he won an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film for his 2012 short film , Paperman . In August 2013 , he left Walt Disney Animation Studios to develop his own projects . In January 2014 , it was reported that he will direct for Paramount Animation an animated film Shedd ." }, { "docid": "Sanjay_Patel", "title": "", "text": "Sanjay Patel is an American animator . He has worked in the animation department of various projects , most of them animated films released by Pixar . Born in London , United Kingdom , Patel moved to the United States with his family at the age of four . His father bought a motel in San Bernardino , California and Patel grew up there . He is best known for directing the short animated film Sanjay 's Super Team ( 2015 ) inspired by Patel 's own childhood , which received a nomination in the category of Best Animated Short Film at the 88th Academy Awards , and for Best Animated Short Subject at the 43rd Annie Awards . Since 1996 , Patel has worked as an animator on numerous Pixar films such as Monsters , Inc. ( 2001 ) , Ratatouille ( 2007 ) , Cars ( 2006 ) , Monsters University ( 2013 ) , Toy Story 2 ( 1999 ) , and The Incredibles ( 2004 ) , and served as a character developer on the latter two films ." }, { "docid": "Teddy_Newton", "title": "", "text": "Teddy Newton ( born March 3 , 1964 ) is an artist at Pixar Animation Studios . He has worked as a storyboard artist for 2 Stupid Dogs , The Iron Giant , and Dexter 's Laboratory . He studied at the California Institute of the Arts in its world-renowned Character Animation program . At Pixar , he also co-wrote the short film Jack-Jack Attack and did the voices of the newsreel narrator in The Incredibles , Skinner 's lawyer in Ratatouille , the ` Steward ' robots in WALL-E , a television commercial salesman in Up , Chatter Telephone in Toy Story 3 , and Mini Buzz in Toy Story Toons : Small Fry . He made his directorial debut with the Pixar short film Day & Night which gave him a nomination at the Oscars for Best Animated Short Film . As of November 2012 , he is directing an untitled project for Pixar , with Derek Connolly writing the script ." }, { "docid": "Stéphane_Roux_(actor)", "title": "", "text": "Stéphane Roux is a French voice actor and animator for Disney . He has provided the voice of the cooking channel narrator in the English version of Ratatouille , among other voice talents ." }, { "docid": "John_Gilkey", "title": "", "text": "John Gilkey is an American actor , director , comedian , juggler and clown . Gilkey is a native Californian and best known for his work with Cirque du Soleil productions such as Iris , Quidam , Dralion and Solstrom . He was also cast in Varekai in 2003 as one of the main clowns . Gilkey also worked as a consultant on the animated films Ratatouille and La Luna . In 2012 , John Gilkey established The Idiot Workshop in Hollywood , California . From these classes Gilkey selected a handful of students and formed a new comedy troupe called Wet The Hippo . The group went on to tour California and Las Vegas and received rave reviews and a nomination for Best Comedy in the 2013 Hollywood Fringe Festival ." }, { "docid": "Michael_Giacchino", "title": "", "text": "Michael Giacchino ( -LSB- dʒakˈkiːno -RSB- ; born October 10 , 1967 ) is an American composer of music for films , television and video games . He composed the scores to the television series Lost , Alias and Fringe , the video ' game series Medal of Honor and Call of Duty and many films such as The Incredibles , Ratatouille , Up , Mission : Impossible - Ghost Protocol , Dawn of the Planet of the Apes , Jurassic World , Inside Out , Star Trek Beyond , Doctor Strange , Rogue One and Spider-Man : Homecoming . Giacchino has received an Emmy Award and multiple Grammy Awards , as well as a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for his work on Up ." }, { "docid": "Seth_Holladay", "title": "", "text": "Seth Richins Holladay is an American graphics and effects artist . He is best known for his effect art in Ratatouille and WALL-E . He was also a technical director for the 2006 movie Cars '' ." }, { "docid": "Advance_healthcare_directive", "title": "", "text": "An advance healthcare directive , also known as living will , personal directive , advance directive , medical directive or advance decision , is a legal document in which a person specifies what actions should be taken for their health if they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves because of illness or incapacity . In the U.S. it has a legal status in itself , whereas in some countries it is legally persuasive without being a legal document . A living will is one form of advance directive , leaving instructions for treatment . Another form is a specific type of power of attorney or health care proxy , in which the person authorizes someone ( an agent ) to make decisions on their behalf when they are incapacitated . People are often encouraged to complete both documents to provide comprehensive guidance regarding their care . An example of combination documents includes the Five Wishes in the United States . The term living will is also the commonly recognised vernacular in many countries , especially the U.K." }, { "docid": "80th_Academy_Awards", "title": "", "text": "The 80th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2007 and took on place February 24 , 2008 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J , Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the second time , having previously presided over the 78th ceremony held in 2006 . Two weeks earlier in a gala at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 9 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jessica Alba . No Country for Old Men won the most awards of the ceremony with four including Best Picture . Other winners included The Bourne Ultimatum with three awards , La Vie en Rose ( La môme ) and There Will Be Blood with two awards , and Atonement , The Counterfeiters , Elizabeth : The Golden Age , Freeheld , The Golden Compass , Juno , Michael Clayton , The Mozart of Pickpockets , Once , Peter and the Wolf , Ratatouille , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street , and Taxi to the Dark Side with one . The telecast garnered under 32 million viewers , making it the least watched Oscar broadcast since 1974 , when Nielsen began keeping records of viewership ." }, { "docid": "Mike_Drucker", "title": "", "text": "Mike Drucker is a stand-up comedian and writer for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon living in New York City . In 2007 , he was one of three winners of Disney 's `` So You Think You 're Funny '' stand-up competition , a joint-venture by Disney and MySpace to promote the movie Ratatouille . He was a contributing writer to The Onion and Saturday Night Live . He has been published in McSweeney 's and Black20 . He also worked on script adaptation for the English release of Kid Icarus : Uprising . During his time as an intern on Saturday Night Live his nerdy mannerisms were noticed by writers and he was subsequently parodied by Zach Braff in a Bronx Beat sketch ." }, { "docid": "Jan_Pinkava", "title": "", "text": "Jan Jaroslav Pinkava , PhD ( born 21 June 1963 , in Prague ) is the director and writer of the Pixar Oscar-winning 1997 short film Geri 's Game and the originator and co-director of Pixar 's Oscar-winning 2007 film Ratatouille ." }, { "docid": "Les_Chefs_de_France", "title": "", "text": "Les Chefs de France is one of two restaurants in the France Pavilion at Epcot 's World Showcase at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida . The dining venue was opened by three famed French gastronomic legends ; Roger Vergé ( 1930 -- 2015 ) , Gaston Lenôtre ( 1920 -- 2009 ) and Paul Bocuse ( 1926 - ) at Epcot 's inception in 1982 and has been run since 1996 by the third of the aforementioned trio 's son Jérôme Bocuse . In 2009 , an animatronic Disney characterization of the mouse Remy from the Disney animated feature Ratatouille appeared at the restaurant several times daily . The robotic rodent ( which is the smallest the imagineers at Disney have to this date ever produced ) was brought around by a handler to appear at diners tables , which was especially apt given that one of the establishment 's three founders , Gaston Lenôtre , is widely believed to have been part of the inspiration for Auguste Gusteau in the film ." } ]
92830	Kurt Angle won a gold medal in freestyle wrestling at the 1995 World Wrestling Championships.	[ { "docid": "Kurt_Angle", "title": "", "text": "Kurt Steven Angle ( born December 9 , 1968 ) is an American professional wrestler , actor , and retired amateur wrestler . He is currently signed to WWE , performing as the on-screen general manager for the Raw brand . While a student at Clarion University of Pennsylvania , Angle won numerous accolades , including being a two-time National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Heavyweight Wrestling Champion . After graduating college , Angle won a gold medal in freestyle wrestling at the 1995 World Wrestling Championships . He then won a freestyle wrestling gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics . Angle is one of four people to complete an amateur wrestling Grand Slam ( junior nationals , NCAA , World Championships , Olympics ) . In 2006 , he was named by USA Wrestling as the greatest shoot wrestler ever and one of the top 15 college wrestlers of all time . He was inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame in 2016 for his amateur accomplishments . Angle made his first appearance at a professional wrestling event in 1996 , with his in-ring debut in 1999 . He signed a long-term contract with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) that same year , and participated in his first televised storyline in March 1999 . After months of unaired matches , Angle made his official debut in November and received his first major push in the company in February 2000 , when he held the European Championship and the Intercontinental Championship simultaneously . Four months later , he won the King of the Ring tournament , and not long after he began pursuing the WWF Championship , which he won in October ; this capped off a rookie year which is considered by many to be the greatest in professional wrestling history . Throughout his tenure in the WWF/WWE , Angle was a six-time world champion ( four reigns as WWF/WWE Champion , one as WCW Champion , and one as WWE 's World Heavyweight Champion ) , a one-time United States Champion , one-time Intercontinental Champion , one-time European Champion , one-time Hardcore Champion , and one-time WWE Tag Team Champion . He is the tenth Triple Crown Champion and the fifth Grand Slam Champion ( achieving this accolade twice under both the original and current format ) in WWE history . On March 31 2017 , Angle was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame , becoming the third active wrestler to be inducted , after Ric Flair and Sting . After leaving WWE in 2006 , Angle joined Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA , now Impact Wrestling ) where he became a record six-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion ( and the inaugural titleholder ) , a two-time TNA World Tag Team Champion , and a one-time TNA X Division Champion . He is the second Triple Crown winner in TNA history and the only one to hold all the required titles at once . Angle is also a two-time King of the Mountain . As part of TNA , he made appearances for New Japan Pro-Wrestling ( NJPW ) and the Inoki Genome Federation ( IGF ) , holding the IWGP Heavyweight Championship once . In 2013 , Angle was inducted into the TNA Hall of Fame ( he is the second wrestler -- after Sting -- to be inducted into both the WWE and TNA halls of fame ) . Between WWF/WWE , Japan , and TNA , Angle has won 13 world championships and 21 total championships . He is the only professional wrestler in history to have won the WWE Championship , WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship , the WCW Championship , the TNA World Heavyweight Championship , and the IWGP Heavyweight Championship . Angle is also the only person to have been King of the Mountain and King of the Ring . He has headlined numerous pay-per-view events for both WWF/WWE and TNA throughout his career , including the flagship event for both promotions : WrestleMania in WWE , and Bound for Glory in TNA . In 2004 , the Wrestling Observer Newsletter inducted Angle into its Hall of Fame , and later named him `` Wrestler of the Decade '' for the 2000s . He is considered to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time ; ESPN journalist and former WWE personality Jonathan Coachman described Angle as `` the greatest I 've ever seen in the ring '' ." } ]	[ { "docid": "Tom_Brands", "title": "", "text": "Tom Brands ( born April 9 , 1968 in Omaha , Nebraska ) is an American former Olympic wrestler and is currently the head wrestling coach for the University of Iowa . He won a gold medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics . An intense competitor , Brands ' wrestling career with the University of Iowa included a record of 158-7-2 and an undefeated season in 1991 where he was 45-0 . He was a four-time All-American , three-time NCAA Champion , three-time Big Ten Conference Champion , and Outstanding Wrestler at the 1992 NCAA Tournament . His brother , Terry , was also a standout at Iowa . Internationally , Brands won a gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics in freestyle at 136.5 pounds ; a gold medal at the 1993 World Freestyle Championships in Toronto ; two World Cup gold medals ( 1994 and 1995 ) ; and the gold at the 1995 Pan American Games . He won four U.S. Nationals titles ( 1993 -- 96 ) and made four straight U.S. World or Olympic teams ( 1993 -- 96 ) . He was named 1993 USA Wrestling Athlete of the Year , 1993 John Smith Outstanding Freestyle Wrestler , and 1993 Amateur Wrestling News Man of the Year . He was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2001 ." }, { "docid": "Eri_Tosaka", "title": "", "text": "is a Japanese freestyle wrestler from Japan . She competes in the 48 kg division and won the silver medal in the same division at the 2012 World Wrestling Championships . Her performance improved in the 2013 World Wrestling Championships where she won the gold medal after defeating Mayelis Caripá of Venezuela . She won the 2016 Rio Olympic gold medal for Women 's 48kg freestyle wrestling by 3-2 decision over Mariya Stadnik of Azerbaijan ." }, { "docid": "Serafim_Barzakov", "title": "", "text": "Serafim Barzakov ( born July 22 , 1975 in Kolarovo ) is a male freestyle wrestler from Bulgaria . He participated in Men 's freestyle 66 kg at the 2008 Summer Olympics , Men 's freestyle 66 kg at the 2004 Summer Olympics , Men 's freestyle 63 kg at the 2000 Summer Olympics and Men 's freestyle 57 kg at the 1996 Summer Olympics . He won a silver medal at Men 's freestyle 63 kg at the 2000 Summer Olympics . He won a gold medal on 1998 FILA Wrestling World Championships ( 63kg ) and 2001 FILA Wrestling World Championships ( 63kg ) . He is also a silver medalist of 2003 FILA Wrestling World Championships ( 66 kg ) and 2005 FILA Wrestling World Championships ( 66 kg ) ." }, { "docid": "Sezar_Akgül", "title": "", "text": "Sezar Akgul , aka Sezer Akgül , ( born on 27 April 1988 in Amasya ) is a freestyle wrestler from Turkey . He won a bronze medal at the 2007 European Wrestling Championships held in Sofia , Bulgaria and again at the 2008 European Wrestling Championships in Tampere , Finland . He also won silver medal at the 2009 FILA Wrestling World Championships . Sezar Akgül participated in Men 's freestyle 55 kg at 2008 Summer Olympics . In 1/8 of final , he lost to Japanese Tomohiro Matsunaga . In the repechage round after beating Adama Diatta from Senegal , he was eliminated by Dilshod Mansurov ( Uzbekistan ) . He won the gold medal in the freestyle 55 kg event at the 2009 Mediterranean Games held in Pescara , Italy . In 2013 , he repeated his European bronze medal title at the championships held in Tbilisi , Georgia . at the 2013 World Wrestling Championships in Budapest , Hungary , he won the bronze medal . In June 2015 , he competed in the inaugural European Games , for Turkey in wrestling , more specifically , Men 's freestyle in the 57 kilogram range . He earned a bronze medal ." }, { "docid": "Komeil_Ghasemi", "title": "", "text": "Komeil Nemat Ghasemi ( کمیل قاسمی , born 27 February 1988 ) is an Iranian wrestler who won a bronze medal in the men 's freestyle 120 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics . He also won a silver medal at the 2011 Asian Wrestling Championships in the 120 kg freestyle discipline . He was born in Sari , in Iran 's Mazandaran province . Following his Olympic appearance , Ghasemi won the 120 kg weight class at the 2013 Freestyle World Cup in Tehran , Iran , helping his nation take gold in the tournament . At the 2014 Asian Wrestling Championships he won a gold medal in the 125 + kg freestyle tournament , while at that year 's World Championships he took silver in the same event . He took silver in the 125 + kg freestyle event at the 2015 Asian Wrestling Championships , losing the final to Aiaal Lazarev of Kyrgyzstan , and the 2016 Summer Olympics , behind Taha Akgül of Turkey ." }, { "docid": "Magomedrasul_Gazimagomedov", "title": "", "text": "Magomedrasul Mukhtarovich Gazimagomedov ( Магомедрасул Мухтарович Газимагомедов born April 8 , 1991 in Dagestan ) is a Russian of Tindian heritage freestyle wrestler . Grand Master of Sports in Freestyle Wrestling . He is winner Russian National Freestyle Wrestling Championships 2015 . In the quarterfinals match he beat to World Champion Khetag Tsabolov of North Ossetia -- Alania . European Games champion , who competed in the men 's freestyle 70 kg category at the 2015 European Games and won the gold medal . In preseason he trains with MMA stars Rustam Khabilov and Khabib Nurmagomedov . He won gold medal at the 2015 World Wrestling Championships at Men 's freestyle 70 kg ." }, { "docid": "Virender_Singh_(Thakran)", "title": "", "text": "Virender Thakran ( born 1970 ) is a former Indian wrestler . He had won Bronze medal in World Wrestling Championship in 1992 at Cali.He had won Silver medal in Commonwealth Championship in 1995 ( Senior , 74 kg , Freestyle ) . He was a Gold Medallist in the South Asian Championship ( SAF Games ) . He is very popular by nickname Dheeraj Pahalwan in the rural tournaments of wrestling ." }, { "docid": "Taha_Akgül", "title": "", "text": "Taha Akgül ( born November 22 , 1990 in Sivas , Turkey ) is an Olympic , World and European champion Turkish freestyle wrestler competing in the 125 kg division . He is a student of physical education and sports at the Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University in Karaman . Akgül took up wrestling in 2003 following his father and brother . He won the gold medal at the 40th Yaşar Doğu International Wrestling Tournament held in 2012 . At the 2012 European Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade , Serbia , Taha Akgül became champion in his weight category . He qualified for the 2012 Olympics . He did not advance to quarterfinal after losing to Bilyal Makhov from Russia in the round of 16 . At the 2012 World University Wrestling Championships held in Kuortane , Finland , he became gold medalist in his weight class . Taha Akgül defended his European champion title at the 2013 European Wrestling Championships held in Tbilisi , Georgia . He won the bronze medal at the 2013 World Wrestling Championships in Budapest , Hungary . In 2014 and 2015 he won the world title in the 125 kg division . In 2014 he selected as Best Wrestler of the Year by the Turkish Wrestling Federation . He won a gold medal at the 2016 Olympics winning Komeil Ghasemi in the final ." }, { "docid": "Hermanni_Pihlajamäki", "title": "", "text": "Herman Matinpoika `` Hermanni '' Pihlajamäki ( 11 November 1903 -- 4 June 1982 ) was a Finnish wrestler . He competed in freestyle wrestling at the 1932 and 1936 Olympics and won a gold and a bronze medal , respectively . At the European championships he won a freestyle gold medal in 1931 , and two silver medals in 1935 , in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling . Pihlajamäki won six Finnish titles : in 1927 , 1930 , 1932 and 1935 -- 1937 , five of them in freestyle wrestling . He worked as a policeman . His cousin Kustaa was also a policeman and an Olympic champion in wrestling ." }, { "docid": "Ilana_Kratysh", "title": "", "text": "Ilana Kratysh ( אילנה קרטיש born July 6 , 1990 ) is an Israeli freestyle wrestler . She placed third at a 2012 Grand Prix Wrestling tournament in Belarus . Kratysh won the silver medal at the European Wrestling Championships in 2013 at 67 kg , and that year she also won gold medals in the Grand Prix Faltz Open in Austria , Ukraine Grand Prix tournament , and a Grand Prix event in Sassari , Italy . She won the silver medal at the European Wrestling Championships in 2014 at 69 kg . She also won a silver medal at 69 kg at the Grand Prix of Paris in February 2014 . In March 2014 , she was ranked third in the world in the 67 kg freestyle rankings . At the age of 24 , Kratysh won a silver medal representing Israel at the 2015 European Games in the women 's 69-kilogram freestyle wrestling competition in Baku , Azerbaijan ." }, { "docid": "Haji_Aliyev", "title": "", "text": "Haji Aliyev ( Hacı Azər oğlu Əliyev born 21 April 1991 , in Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan SSR ) is an Azerbaijani freestyle wrestler . He competed at the 61 kg division in the 2014 European Wrestling Championships and won the gold medal after beating Bekkhan Goygereyev of Russia . Aliyev won the gold medal in the freestyle 61 kg class in the 2014 World Wrestling Championships . In June 2015 , he competed in the inaugural European Games , for the host country Azerbaijan in wrestling , more specifically , Men 's freestyle in the 61 kilogram range . He earned a bronze medal . He competed in the 57 kg division at the 2016 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal after beating Vladimir Dubov of Bulgaria . He was the flag bearer for Azerbaijan during the closing ceremonies . Personal coach-Elman Azimzadeh" }, { "docid": "Iván_Fundora", "title": "", "text": "Ivan Fundora Zaldivar ( born April 14 , 1976 ) is a male freestyle wrestler from Cuba who was an olympian in 2004 and 2008 . He won the bronze medal in the Men 's freestyle 74kg at the 2004 Summer Olympics . and finished in 5th place in Men 's freestyle 74 kg at the 2008 Summer Olympics . Fundora also wreslted at 5 world championships . He won bronze at the 2007 FILA Wrestling World Championships . In addition , Fundora also won a gold medal in Wrestling at the 2007 Pan American Games and came in first place each year from 2003-2010 at the Pan American Championships . He is notable among American wrestling fans for defeating Ben Askren at the 2008 Olympics ." }, { "docid": "Nabi_Sorouri", "title": "", "text": "Nabiollah `` Nabi '' Sorouri ( نبى الله سرورى born 1933 in Baku -- deceased 2002 Tehran ) was an Iranian wrestler who became a member of Iran senior national Wrestling team in 1953 and was a member until 1960 . Sorouri competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics , where he managed to obtain fourth place in the 73 kg division . He won the gold medal in the 79 kg division of Freestyle wrestling at the 1957 World Wrestling Championships in Istanbul . In the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo , he managed to win the silver medal of the 79 kg division . In the 1965 FILA Wrestling World Championships in Manchester Nabi Sorouri was the head coach of Iran senior national Wrestling team and led his team to championship in Freestyle which was Iran 's second World championship ." }, { "docid": "Fereydoun_Ghanbari", "title": "", "text": "Fereydoun Ghanbari ( فریدون قنبری , born 23 September 1977 , kermanshah , Iran ) is an Iranian wrestler . He won Gold medal at the 2004 Asian Wrestling Championships . In 1997 he won the Gold medal at Junior World Freestyle Wrestling Championships in Helsinki ." }, { "docid": "Boris_Gurevich_(wrestler,_born_1937)", "title": "", "text": "Boris Mikhaylovich Gurevich ( also Gurevitch , Gurewitsch , or Hurevych ; born February 2 , 1937 ) is a former Soviet wrestler . Gurevich , who is Jewish , was born in Kiev , Ukraine . Gurevich won the 1968 Summer Olympic Games freestyle middleweight ( 191.5 lbs ; 82 kilograms ) gold medal in Mexico City . He finished ahead of silver medalist Jigjidiin Mönkhbat of Mongolia and bronze medalist Prodan Gardzhev of Bulgaria . He won a silver medal at the 1961 World Wrestling Championships at 87 kilograms , a gold medal at the 1967 World Wrestling Championships at 87 kilograms , and a gold medal at the 1969 World Wrestling Championships at 90 kilograms . He was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1982 ." }, { "docid": "Valeriy_Andriytsev", "title": "", "text": "Valerii Oleksandrovych Andriitsev ( Валерій Олександрович Андрійцев born 27 February 1987 in Kiev ) is a male freestyle wrestler from Ukraine . He won the silver medal in the Men 's freestyle 96 kg at 2012 Summer Olympics . He won the silver in the 2012 European Wrestling Championships . At the 2014 World Wrestling Championships he took the bronze medal after winning a rematch against American Jake Varner , who beat him in the gold medal match at the 2012 Olympics . In June 2015 , he earned bronze at the inaugural European Games for Ukraine in wrestling , more specifically , in the men 's freestyle in the - 97 kg division ." }, { "docid": "Kurt_Pettersén", "title": "", "text": "Kurt Arne Pettersén ( 21 June 1916 -- 15 November 1957 ) was a bantamweight Greco-Roman wrestler from Sweden who won a gold medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics . He won silver medals at the European championships in 1938 and 1939 ( Greco-Roman ) and 1949 ( freestyle ) . Kurt was born in a family of 11 siblings with Norwegian roots . Between 1936 and 1951 he won 22 Swedish titles in wrestling . He died of cancer aged 41 ." }, { "docid": "Jahanbakht_Tofigh", "title": "", "text": "Jahanbakht Tofigh ( جهانبخت توفیق , born 1931 Sarab , East Azerbaijan -- deceased 1970 London ) was an Iranian Freestyle wrestler . He won a gold medal in the 1954 World Wrestling Championships which was Iran 's first gold medal in the World Wrestling Championships , and also a bronze medal in the lightweight division at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki ." }, { "docid": "Chris_Campbell_(wrestler)", "title": "", "text": "Christopher Lundy `` Chris '' Campbell ( born September 9 , 1954 ) is an American wrestler . He is a native of Westfield , New Jersey , and is a graduate of Westfield High School . He was Olympic bronze medalist in Freestyle wrestling in 1992 . He won a gold medal at the 1981 World Wrestling Championships . and a Silver medal at the 1990 World Wrestling Championships . He is the oldest known United States ' wrestler to medal in the Olympic Games . When he won his Olympic medal he was a month away from his 38th birthday ." }, { "docid": "Viktor_Lebedev", "title": "", "text": "Viktor Nikolaevich Lebedev ( Виктор Николаевич Лебедев born March 10 , 1988 in Yakutsk ) is a Russian freestyle wrestler from Sakha Republic , two time World Champion , multiple international tournaments winner . He won the gold medal at the 2015 Summer European Games in the Freestyle men 's 57 kg event . Lebedev competes out of the СSKA wrestling club in Krasnoyarsk , Russia . He is a three-time world medalist , including two title-winning performances in the 55 kg weight class at the 2010 and 2011 World Wrestling Championships . On 17 June 2015 he won the gold medal for wrestling in the 57 kilogram range at the 2015 European Games in Baku . He is an ethnic Even ." }, { "docid": "List_of_Impact_Wrestling_World_Heavyweight_Champions", "title": "", "text": "The Impact Wrestling World Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship owned by the Impact Wrestling ( formerly Total Nonstop Action Wrestling , TNA ) promotion . From June 2002 to May 2007 , TNA used the NWA World Heavyweight Championship as their primary championship due to an agreement with the National Wrestling Alliance ( NWA ) . On May 13 , 2007 , the NWA abruptly ended the arrangement and retrieved control of the NWA World Heavyweight Championship . On the same night , TNA were set to host their annual Sacrifice pay-per-view event , in which the NWA World Heavyweight Championship was to be defended by then-champion Christian Cage against Kurt Angle and Sting in a three-way match . Angle won the match and on the following episode of TNA 's television program Impact ! on May 17 , was declared the new TNA World Heavyweight Champion . He was stripped of the championship later in the program , with Management Director Jim Cornette citing a problematic finish to the title match . The ownership of the championship was decided on June 17 , 2007 at TNA 's Slammiversary event in a King of the Mountain match involving Angle and Cage along with A.J. Styles , Chris Harris and Samoa Joe , which Angle won . Being a professional wrestling championship , the title is won via a scripted ending to a match or awarded to a wrestler because of a storyline . All title changes have occurred at Impact Wrestling-promoted events ; reigns that occurred on Impact Wrestling usually air on tape delay and as such are listed with the day the tapings occurred , rather than the air date . Angle holds the record for most reigns , with six . At days , Bobby Roode 's first reign is the longest in the title 's history . Angle 's first reign holds the record for shortest reign in the title 's history at one day . The title is currently held by Lashley . Overall , there have been 39 reigns shared among 20 wrestlers , with four Vacant ." }, { "docid": "Ibragim_Aldatov", "title": "", "text": "Ibragim Erikovych Aldatov ( born November 4 , 1983 in Beslan , North Ossetian ASSR , Russian SFSR ) is a Ossetian male freestyle wrestler from Ukraine . He won a gold medal in the 2006 FILA Wrestling World Championships and 2013 FILA Wrestling World Championships and won medals at three other World Championships . He participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics ." }, { "docid": "Asit_Kumar_Saha", "title": "", "text": "Asit Kumar Saha ( born 1950 ) is a former National level wrestler . He is now a wrestling coach in the State of West Bengal , India and the General Secretary of West Bengal Wrestling Association . Asit was trained by his father Sudhir Saha , International coach , from a very young age at Panchanan Bayam Samity , Kolkata . Asit was a State Champion from ( 1965-1973 ) in both Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling . He won the bronze medal in the Senior National Wrestling Championship , 1969 . In 1978 , he obtained his International FILA wrestling coaching license from Iran . Asit managed the Indian wrestling team for the 1982 Asian Games held in Delhi . India won 1 gold , 1 silver and 3 bronze medals . Asit also managed the Indian Wrestling team at the 1987 South Asian Games held in Kolkata , India . India won 7 out of 9 gold medals in the Championship . Further to this , he has managed the Indian wrestling team in several International Championships including World Championship . In 1987 , Asit obtained his FILA Judge-Referee license at the Asian Wrestling Championships in Mumbai . Below is a list of some of his achievements . Currently , Asit Kumar Saha holds the following positions listed below - General Secretary , West Bengal Wrestling Association Vice President , Wrestling Federation of India Vice President , Bengal Olympic Association Asit started Women 's Wrestling in West Bengal . His trainee Runu Ghoroi is the first National Institute of Sports wrestling coach in the State of West Bengal . In the Bangla - Bangladesh tournament 2011 held at Barasaat , West Bengal won 6 out of 8 gold medals in women 's wrestling . Under his leadership , the 58th Senior National Wrestling Championship was held in Kolkata , India from the 14th - 17th Nov , 2013 at the Netaji Indoor Stadium after 75 years ." }, { "docid": "Hüseyin_Akbaş", "title": "", "text": "Hüseyin Akbaş ( 1933 -- 1989 ) was a Turkish wrestler . He was born in Almus in the Tokat Province . He was Olympic bronze medalist in Freestyle wrestling in 1956 , and silver medalist in 1964 . He won gold medals at the 1954 , 1957 , 1959 World Wrestling Championships and 1962 World Wrestling Championships ." }, { "docid": "Soronzonboldyn_Battsetseg", "title": "", "text": "Soronzonboldyn Battsetseg is Mongolian first female gold medalist of the World Wrestling Championships . At the 2012 Olympic Games in London , she won bronze in women 's 63 kg freestyle . It was Mongolia 's first medal in freestyle wrestling since 1980 Summer Olympics . S.Batstetseg was the youngest ever world wrestling champion of Mongolia when she won in 2010 at the age of 20 years . Now Sükheegiin Tserenchimed is the youngest champion of Mongolia ." }, { "docid": "Shamil_Kudiyamagomedov", "title": "", "text": "Shamil Magomedovich Kudiyamagomedov ( Шамиль Магомедович Кудиямагомедов born May 9 , 1993 in Dagestan ) is a Russian amateur wrestler of Avar heritage , who won the gold medal in men 's freestyle 86 kg at the 2015 Military World Games . He is Russian national champion 2013 , silver medalist of Summer Universiade 2013 in Kazan . Junior World Championships bronze medalist 2012 . He won bronze medal with an injured leg . International Master of Sports in Freestyle Wrestling . He competed in the freestyle 84 kg event at the 2013 World Wrestling Championships , after defeated Adrian Jaoude from Brazil in the Round of 64 , he was eliminated by Olympic bronze medalist Ehsan Lashgari in the Round of 32 . In 1/2 final Eropean Championships U23 he lost 7-6 his teammate of Magomedgadzhi Khatiyev , but went on to wrestle back and win a bronze medal against Fatih Erdin of Turkey . At the Memorial Heydar Aliyev 2014 ( Golden Grand Prix Baku ) he beat in final Ehsan Lashgari . In 2016 he won European Championships ." }, { "docid": "Anzor_Boltukayev", "title": "", "text": "Anzor Adamovich Boltukayev ( Анзор Адамович Болтукаев born 5 April 1986 in Chechnya ) is a Russian freestyle wrestler of Chechen descent . He competes in the 96 kg division and won the bronze medal in the same division at the 2013 World Wrestling Championships defeated Aleksey Krupnyakov of Kyrgyzstan . At the `` Ivan Yarygin 2016 '' he beat the current World Champion Kyle Snyder and Olympic gold medalist Jake Varner of USA . In the 2016 European Wrestling Championships he won the gold medal against Ivan Yankouski of Belarus . He competed at Olympics 2016 in the freestyle 97 kg event and was eliminated by Valerii Andriitsev of Ukraine in the 1/8 final ." }, { "docid": "Husein_Mehmedov", "title": "", "text": "Husein Mehmedov ( 25 January 1924 -- 9 March 2014 ) was a Bulgarian wrestler of Turkish descent who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics . Husein Mekhmedov was of the Turkish minority in Bulgaria and as wrestling is Turkey 's national sport , he was introduced to wrestling at a young age . Mehmedov competed in heavyweight his entire career and was equally strong at both styles of wrestling . He was selected to the Bulgarian national team in 1950 after his military service with the Bulgarian Army . Mehmedov had a brief , but quite successful international career . He first competed internationally at the 1955 World Student Games , winning gold in Greco-Roman heavyweight . In 1956 , he won bronzes in both Greco-Roman and freestyle at the World Cup and established himself as one of the medal contenders at both heavyweight styles at the 1956 Olympics . At Melbourne , Mekhmedov won silver in freestyle , but a few days later had to withdraw from the Greco-Roman event after two bouts due to injury . In 1957 , he won gold in freestyle and silver in Greco-Roman heavyweight at the World Student Games and later won bronze at the 1957 World Freestyle Wrestling Championships . Those World Championships were Mehmedov 's last international appearance as he finished his competitive career in 1959 . He then worked as a wrestling coach in Bulgaria until 1989 when he emigrated to Turkey . He settled in Istanbul , where he died in March 2014 at the age of 90 ." }, { "docid": "Buse_Tosun", "title": "", "text": "Buse Tosun ( born May 12 , 1995 ) is a Turkish female freestyle wrestler competing in the 69 kg division . She was a member of İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi GSK before she transferred to Yalova Altınova Tersaneler SK in 2015 . She took part in the 63kg event of the 2013 European Wrestling Championships in Tblisi , Georgie , failed , however , to advance to the semifinals . The same year , she won the gold medal in the 63kg event at the European Junior Championships held in Skopje , Macefonia . At the 2013 World Championships in Budapest , Hungary , she lost in the event 's first round . She won the gold medal at the 2014 European Junior Women 's Championships in Katowice , Polans . She participated at the 2014 World Championships in Taskent , Uzbekistan without success . Tosun captured the bronze medal at the European Under-23 Championships in Wałbrzych , Poland . She competed in the 63kg event of the 2015 European Games in Baku , Azerbaijan . In 2016 , she took the bronze medal in the 69kg event of the European Championships held in Riga , Latvia . Tosun captured the gold medal at the European Under-23 Championships in Ruse , Bulgaria . She earned a quota spot at the 2016 Summer Olympics with her performance of placing second at the 2016 European Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament in Zrenjanin , Serbia ." }, { "docid": "Sun_Yanan", "title": "", "text": "Sun Yanan ( ; born on 15 September 1992 in Fengcheng , Liaoning ) is a Chinese female freestyle wrestler . She competes in the 51 kg division and won the silver medal in the same division at the 2012 World Wrestling Championships . She bettered her performance in the 2013 World Wrestling Championships where she won the gold medal after defeating Erdenechimegiin Sumiyaa of Mongolia ." } ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.