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Pediatrics_questions

question stringlengths 45 433	optionA stringlengths 2 196	optionB stringlengths 3 154	optionC stringlengths 2 142	optionD stringlengths 2 121	answer stringlengths 3 142	answer idx int64 0 3
Which of the following is performed as a screening test for critical congenital heart defects in newborns?	Hand and foot saturation	Auscultation	EKG	Chest X-ray	Hand and foot saturation	0
Which of the following cases would raise medical suspicion of abuse?	A 4-year-old fell while running forward - X-ray shows a compression fracture in the radius.	A 2-month-old ׳with restlessness - X-ray shows PULLED ELBOW	A 6-month-old, who accidentally fell from his mother's arms - X-ray shows a skull fracture in the suture area	A 3-year-old, fell from a high chair - X-ray shows a crushed fracture in the clavicle	A 2-month-old restless - X-ray shows PULLED ELBOW	1
In a medical investigation for a child with multiple instances of stridor over the past year, often starting in the evening and lasting a few days, without fever and healthy between episodes, what is the likely cause of the stridor?	Spasmodic Croup	Subglottic narrowing	Allergic reaction	Viral laryngomalacia	Spasmodic Croup	0
In the case of a child diagnosed with Hypoxic Encephalopathy, which of the following measures will predict the future neurological status?	Blood lactate level one hour after birth	Apgar score after 3 minutes	Brain ultrasound after 6 hours	MRI after 3-5 days	MRI after 3-5 days	3
A 16-year-old under medical follow-up due to recent joint pains and growth delay, with no other complaints who denies diarrhea or abdominal pain. Hemoglobin levels are decreased (MCV normal, RDW 16), and calprotectin level is 285 (high). What is the next test that should be performed to establish the diagnosis?	Blood tests for anticardiolipin	Blood test for TSH	Morning cortisol level	Colonoscopy and gastroscopy with biopsies and MRE	Colonoscopy and gastroscopy with biopsies and MRE	3
You are consulting on a case diagnosed with TSS with Staphylococcus aureus growth in blood. How should this case be treated?	First-generation cephalosporin intravenously	First-generation cephalosporin along with another antibiotic for dual coverage	First-generation cephalosporin with another antibiotic for blood toxins	Antibiotic against staphylococci	First-generation cephalosporin with another antibiotic for blood toxins	2
A generally healthy 12-year-old boy came to the emergency department due to chest pain worsening with inhalation, complaining of a feverish illness with temperatures up to 38°C for two days. His examination shows a blood pressure drop of 20 mmHg upon inhalation and distant heart sounds. ECG shows non-specific ST elevations. Which of the following statements is correct?	His condition is due to difficulty in heart contraction.	Expected restriction in diastolic expansion on echo test.	Expected to hear a systolic murmur at the left sternal border.	His condition is due to left ventricular hypertrophy.	Expected restriction in diastolic expansion on echo test.	1
For a patient diagnosed with SCID, which vaccine cannot be given?	ROTA VIRUS	PREVENAR	Cannot vaccinate at all	Hepatitis B	ROTA VIRUS	0
A 16-year-old with diagnosed type 1 diabetes, not maintaining good glucose control. Latest glycated hemoglobin test was 12%. Admitted to the emergency room due to vomiting and abdominal pain. Examination shows pallor, pulse 130, BP 100/60, saturation 100%, respiratory rate 40. What is expected in the blood gas test?	pH 7.02, pCO2 28, HCO3 16	pH 7.4, pCO2 28, HCO3 25	pH 7.02, pCO2 90, HCO3 30	pH 7.4, pCO2 40, HCO3 25	pH 7.02, pCO2 28, HCO3 16	0
A 4-year-old brought to the clinic due to passing stool twice a week, described as large stools and encopresis. Which of the following would raise suspicion that this is not a functional issue?	Started at age one	Accompanied by anal fissure and bleeding	His cousin has celiac disease	Lower spine hairline	Lower spine hairline	3
In the case of a non-sensitive, non-feverish, non-red, movable lymph node in the neck that appeared two days ago, temperature 37.7°C, family history includes a dog at home. How should this case be managed?	Immediate ultrasound	Immediate biopsy from the lesion	Follow-up	Treatment with first-generation cephalosporin or Augmentin	Follow-up	2
A 4-year-old, generally healthy, comes to the emergency department due to respiratory distress and severe stridor that started a few minutes before arrival, body temperature 37.8°C. What is the immediate treatment for the child?	Inhalation of Racemic Epinephrine	Inhalation of 3% Hypertonic Saline	Inhalation of Aerovent (Ipratropium Bromide)	Inhalation of Ventolin (Salbutamol)	Inhalation of Racemic Epinephrine	0
A two-month-old, breastfed, also receiving almond milk with honey, now presents with signs of hypotonia and swallowing difficulties. What is the most likely site of injury?	Muscle cells	NMJ	Lower motor neuron	Anterior horn	NMJ	1
Child comes to the emergency room with neck stiffness and unilateral neurological symptoms on one side of the face (deviated eye, unilateral facial weakness). What is the correct order of actions?	Take blood cultures, perform head CT and if normal, then lumbar puncture followed by antibiotic treatment	Take blood cultures, perform eye fundus examination and if normal, then lumbar puncture followed by antibiotic treatment	Take blood cultures followed by CTA head urgently	Take blood cultures, administer antibiotic treatment then perform head CT	Take blood cultures, administer antibiotic treatment then perform head CT	3
Child presents with the following: several lesions with golden crust at the center. What complication might arise in a few weeks?	Glomerulonephritis	Fasciitis	RF	Herpetic Eczema	Glomerulonephritis	0
Child goes to the emergency room with a bone infection. CRP is 2.5. Microscopic examination of fluid obtained from joint aspiration showed Gram-negative coccobacilli. What is the most likely causative agent?	Kingella kingae	MRSA	MSSA	Streptococcus pyogenes	Kingella kingae	0
A 10-month-old presented with fever for several days, strawberry tongue, peeling at the fingertips, and a swollen lymph node in the neck. Which of the following guidelines is correct for him?	Can be vaccinated as usual	Do not vaccinate for varicella	Vaccinate for MMR only 11 months after IVIG	Do not vaccinate for influenza	Vaccinate for MMR only 11 months after IVIG	2
A child was given penicillin and reacted with shortness of breath, angioedema, and rash. Which of the following is correct?	50% chance of a cross-reaction with cephalosporin	The cross-reaction to cephalosporin is mainly due to the shared beta-lactam ring	2% chance of anaphylactic reaction to cephalosporin	His reaction was not dangerous; it is possible to treat him with moxifloxacin	2% chance of anaphylactic reaction to cephalosporin	2
A 12-year-old girl fell two weeks ago and injured her knee. She now seeks medical treatment with local swelling but no redness or tenderness. Physical examination otherwise normal. Laboratory tests show ANA 1:80, what is the next required step?	Test for anti-histone antibodies	Follow-up only	Test for anti-dsDNA antibodies	Test for anti-Smith antibodies	Follow-up only	1
Which of the following statements is correct?	The first sign of maturation in boys is voice change	The first sign of maturation in boys is testicular enlargement	Menarche usually begins about a year after thelarche	A girl who still shows no signs of maturation is rated Tanner 0	The first sign of maturation in boys is testicular enlargement	1
A 15-year-old girl presents with heavy menstrual bleeding. Laboratory tests show normal PT, fibrinogen 328, and prolonged PTT. Which factors should be tested?	2, 7, 5, 9	7, 8, 9, vwf	2, 11, 12, vwf	8, 9, 11, vwf	8, 9, 11, vwf	3
A 3-month-old girl presents to the emergency department during winter with runny nose, fever, and breathing difficulties. Examination shows 85% saturation and widespread wheezing and crackles on auscultation. What treatment is required?	Oxygen	Oxygen and GC	Oxygen, steroids, and azithromycin	Oxygen, steroids, and Ventolin inhalation	Oxygen	0
A 3-year-old girl presents to your clinic. She has a history of five different documented cases of pneumonia. Pregnancy and birth were normal, hypotonia, and feeding and breathing difficulties after birth. Mother also describes general weakness. Suspected Myotonic Dystrophy type-1, what is the mode of inheritance?	Recessive	X-linked	Dominant	Mitochondrial	Dominant	2
A three-week-old boy presents to the clinic with jaundice, dark urine, and pale stool. Which of the following is correct?	Breastfeeding jaundice	Bladder inflammation can cause this type of jaundice	Hyperthyroidism does not cause this type of jaundice	G6PD deficiency	Hyperthyroidism does not cause this type of jaundice	2
A 6-year-old girl presents to your clinic with fever, ataxia, and general malaise. An MRI shows widespread lesions in the white matter. What is the most likely diagnosis and what is the treatment?	Viral Encephalitis - fluids, rest, support	MS - high-dose steroids	ADEM - high-dose steroids	Krabbe disease - supportive care	ADEM - high-dose steroids	2
A 7-year-old girl with arthritis in the knee and ankle for about 7 months. What is the treatment?	Infliximab	Systemic steroids	MTX for 4-6 months	Naproxen for 4-6 weeks	Naproxen for 4-6 weeks	3
An unvaccinated girl presents to the emergency room with the following picture: redness in half of the face involving the cheek and eye. Examination shows CRP 12.5, leukocytosis 18k, and neutrophils 15k. Gram stain shows pink rods. Is prophylactic treatment required and what prophylactic treatment is needed for her sibling living in the same house?	Yes, Rifampin	Yes, Nitrofurantoin	No, but vaccination recommended	Yes, Cephalosporin	Yes, Rifampin	0
An unvaccinated girl presents to the emergency room with the following picture: redness in half of the face involving the cheek and eye. What is the correct sequence of actions?	Physical examination, cultures, and blood tests, antibiotics	Physical examination, antibiotics, cultures, and blood tests	Admission and antibiotics	Admission, IV fluids, and antibiotics	Physical examination, cultures, and blood tests, antibiotics	0
A girl presents with numerous café-au-lait spots and freckles in the axillary line - which tumor is most likely to be found in her at the highest frequency?	Astrocytoma	Meningioblastoma	Lipoma	Optic glioma	Optic glioma	3
A girl with a known background of Thalassemia major, admitted after blood transfusions, presents with fever, sore throat, and bilateral red cheeks. What is the most common complication of her condition?	Leukemia	Obstructive jaundice	Aplastic anemia	Hemolytic anemia	Aplastic anemia	2
A girl received moxifloxacin and after five days of treatment developed a morbilliform rash. Which is correct?	20% cross-reaction rate with cephalosporin	It is not IgE mediated, therefore, a skin test is unnecessary	In most allergies, there will be a positive skin test for penicillin with IgE	Increased chance of developing an IgE-mediated allergy	It is not IgE mediated, therefore, a skin test is unnecessary	1
A newborn at 20 hours presents with jaundice, bilirubin 16, Coombs negative. Blood types found were mother O-, child A-, spherocytes and reticulocytes observed on smear. What is the most likely diagnosis?	Spherocytosis	ABO incompatibility	Physiological jaundice	Breastfeeding jaundice	ABO incompatibility	1
All of the following are appropriate for normal development except:	An 8-month-old finds a toy hidden under a sheet	First clear word appears at age one and a half	Builds a two-block tower at 15 months	Walks independently at one year	First clear word appears at age one and a half	1
An 8-month-old girl presents for further medical investigation after 5 days of fever at 39.5°C and growth of over 100,000 colonies of E.coli in a catheter culture. Ultrasound shows dilation of the renal pelvis. What is the next required step in the medical investigation?	CT	Renal scan	Mibg	VCUG/CEVUS	VCUG/CEVUS	3
Your clinic is visited by a child with CP and recurrent pneumonia due to aspirations. Sputum cultures show growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. How should treatment proceed until sensitivity results are available?	Meropenem	Ceftazidime	Azithromycin	Ceftriaxone	Ceftazidime	1
Your clinic is visited by a child who is developing normally, has preserved and high intelligence, is very tall and slim, with long fingers and difficulty bending the elbow. Which additional test would you want to perform?	Full dental examination	Kidney ultrasound	Brain MRI	Echo to rule out MVP	Echo to rule out MVP	3
Which of the following would not raise a suspicion of autism (ASD)?	Regression in speech - the child spoke 5 words and now not at all	Speech delay	Echolalia - parrot-like repetition of heard words	Absence of social play at one year	Absence of social play at one year	3
A 4-year-old comes for a medical examination due to swelling in the face and body. Physical examination shows +4 edema in the limbs and anasarca. Apart from these, no other complaints or findings on physical examination. Urine test shows +4 protein without blood or leukocytes. Treated with steroids and recovered, what is true about her condition?	30% will develop end-stage renal failure	Her sibling has a 25% risk of developing a similar disease	Most children experience recurrence of the disease	It's impossible to know the prognosis without a kidney biopsy	Most children experience recurrence of the disease	2
A 3-year-old boy presents for your care. He has been suffering from monthly episodes of fever with mouth ulcers and tonsil exudates for about half a year. Three throat swabs were negative. What is the most likely diagnosis?	FMF	PFAPA	Recurrent viral infections	RA	PFAPA	1
What is accepted as the primary treatment for acne in an adolescent girl?	Enteroituin	Systemic antibiotic	Topical retinoid and salicylic acid	Acetic acid	Topical retinoid and salicylic acid	2
Which of the following is true about Hodgkin Lymphoma?	Only 50% of children recover	The treatment of choice is broad-field radiation	Staging and monitoring are done with PET-FDG	Presence of B symptoms is a positive prognostic marker	Staging and monitoring are done with PET-FDG	2
A child is brought in for evaluation after a road accident. Upon arrival - his speech is unclear, he opens his eyes only to pain, and he performs abnormal extension in response to pain. What are the next management steps for the case?	Intubation, hemodynamic stabilization, and head imaging	Oxygen and fluid bolus	Intubation, cooling, and decompression	Oxygen administration and urgent craniotomy	Intubation, hemodynamic stabilization, and head imaging	0
A child recovering from hand, foot, and mouth disease now presents with fever, refusal to walk, and examination shows a swollen, red knee with restricted movement. What are the next required steps?	Aspirate the joint, treat with IV Cefazolin and switch to oral treatment when there is clinical improvement and inflammation markers decrease	Aspirate the joint, perform MRI or bone scintigraphy, then two weeks of Cefazolin	Aspirate the joint, treat with IV Vancomycin and switch to oral treatment when there is clinical improvement and inflammation markers decrease	Aspirate the joint, and treat with IV Cefazolin for two weeks	Aspirate the joint, treat with IV Cefazolin and switch to oral treatment when there is clinical improvement and inflammation markers decrease.	0
A term newborn is brought to your examination. In the obstetric background, mild polyhydramnios was noted in pregnancy follow-ups. At birth, he had respiratory distress which stabilized after suction. On the way to the nursery, recurrent shortness of breath with bubbles in the mouth appeared. Nursing staff reports that they are unable to insert a feeding tube after several attempts. What is correct?	In the common presentation, the expected finding in the image is the absence of air bubbles in the stomach and intestines	Infants in this condition will not be at increased risk for GERD after corrective surgery	In the common presentation, it is a singular finding	In the common presentation, the tube coils in the upper esophagus and there are air bubbles in the stomach and intestines	In the common presentation, the tube coils in the upper esophagus and there are air bubbles in the stomach and intestines	3
A 3-month-old infant is admitted to a pediatric emergency center following a disease of diarrhea and vomiting for about 3 days. On examination, he appears weak, tachypneic, and restless. It is noted that he nurses little and recent diaper changes have been dry. Initial examination shows sodium 170, potassium 4. What is the initial treatment for his condition?	Hypertonic saline bolus of 20 ml/kg.	Normal saline bolus of 20 ml/kg.	Fluid resuscitation with 4 ml/kg/hour dextrose.	Fluid resuscitation with maintenance dosing calculated at 150 ml/kg/day.	Normal saline bolus of 20 ml/kg.	1
A one-year-old child is brought to the emergency room about an hour after swallowing a small object found on the floor at home. On examination, he is lively and happy, without drooling or vomiting. Imaging shows a round foreign body in the middle of the esophagus. What is correct regarding the management of the case?	If it turns out to be 3 magnets stuck together, and a repeat imaging before endoscopy shows they have already moved to the stomach, it is possible to observe and wait for them to pass in the stool	If it turns out he swallowed a button battery since he is asymptomatic, it is possible to observe for 24 hours and wait for it to pass through the stomach	If it turns out he swallowed a button battery, immediate endoscopy is necessary to remove it	If it turns out to be a coin, immediate endoscopy is necessary to remove it	If it turns out he swallowed a button battery, immediate endoscopy is necessary to remove it	2
A one-year-old child is brought to your examination after several hours of restlessness. The child has been healthy in the past. For several hours described as restless, no fever, blood pressure examination normal for his age. In the ECG - a fast heart rate (160 beats per minute), regular, with narrow complexes and no appearance of P waves. What is the most likely diagnosis and treatment for his condition?	SVT - sedate and perform electrical cardioversion	SVT - since he is stable, attempt vagal maneuvers or administer adenosine	VT - needs sedation and electrical cardioversion	Sinus Tachycardia - since the examination was conducted while crying, calm down and perform a repeat ECG	SVT - since he is stable, attempt vagal maneuvers or administer adenosine	1
A 6-year-old with well-managed type-1 diabetes diagnosed since age 3 has recently experienced a decline in growth rate. Routine growth monitoring has revealed a drop from the 20th percentile to the 3rd percentile in height and from the 15th to the 3rd percentile in BMI. He feels good, has a normal appetite, and has no additional complaints. Which of the following tests is most likely to help establish the most probable diagnosis?	Morning cortisol	Anti-Transaminase antibodies	Anti GAD/Islet antibodies	TSH/FT4	TSH/FT4	3
An 8-year-old child is brought to the emergency room Semi-conscious. Monitor interpretation (heart rate 40 in sinus rhythm). What is the first required treatment?	Insert an IV and administer epinephrine quickly	Airway and respiratory support	Start fluid and antibiotic treatment	Start resuscitation and airway support, administer oxygen and ventilation	Start resuscitation and airway support, administer oxygen and ventilation	3
A two-year-old Ashkenazi child comes for medical treatment due to paleness and jaundice. Known background includes hereditary hemolytic anemia in mother, aunt, and grandfather, jaundice after birth treated with light. On examination, jaundice, spleen enlarged 3 cm below the rib arch. Laboratory tests show anemia with hemoglobin 6.8 (MCV 74, RDW 16, and high reticulocytes). What is most likely?	Spherocytosis	Sickle cell anemia	G6PD	Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia	Spherocytosis	0

Dataset Card for Pediatrics MCQ

Dataset Details

Dataset Description

This dataset comprises high-quality multiple-choice questions (MCQs) covering core biomedical knowledge and clinical scenarios from pediatrics. It includes 50 questions, each with four possible answer choices. These questions were specifically curated for research evaluating pediatric medical knowledge, clinical reasoning, and confidence-based interactions among medical trainees and large language models (LLMs).

Curated by: Tom Sheffer
Shared by: Tom Sheffer (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)
Language: English
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)
Paper: [Information Needed]

Uses

Direct Use

This dataset is suitable for:

Evaluating pediatric medical knowledge and clinical reasoning skills of medical students and healthcare professionals.
Benchmarking performance and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in pediatric medical question-answering tasks.
Research on collaborative human–AI and human–human interactions involving pediatric clinical decision-making.

Out-of-Scope Use

Not intended as a diagnostic or clinical decision-making tool in real clinical settings.
Should not be used to train systems intended for direct clinical application without extensive validation.

Dataset Structure

The dataset comprises 50 multiple-choice questions with four answer choices. The dataset includes the following fields:

question_text: The clinical vignette or biomedical question.
optionA: First possible answer choice.
optionB: Second possible answer choice.
optionC: Third possible answer choice.
optionD: Fourth possible answer choice.
answer: The correct answer text.
answer_idx: The correct answer choice (A, B, C, or D).

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

The dataset was created to study knowledge diversity, internal confidence, and collaborative decision-making between medical trainees and AI agents. Questions were carefully selected to represent authentic licensing exam–style questions in pediatrics, ensuring ecological validity for medical education and AI–human collaborative studies.

Source Data

Data Collection and Processing

The questions were sourced and adapted from standardized pediatric medical licensing preparation materials. All questions were reviewed, translated, and validated by licensed pediatricians.

Who are the source data producers?

The original data sources are standard pediatric medical licensing examination preparation materials.

Personal and Sensitive Information

The dataset does not contain any personal, sensitive, or identifiable patient or clinician information. All clinical scenarios are fictionalized or generalized for educational and research purposes.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

The dataset size (50 questions) is limited; therefore, findings using this dataset might not generalize broadly.
Content is limited to pediatrics; results may not generalize across all medical specialties.

Citation

If using this dataset, please cite:

More Information

For more details, please contact the dataset author listed below.

Dataset Card Author

Tom Sheffer (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

Dataset Card Contact

Email: [email protected]

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