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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Howard Webb has been promoted to a new role as performance director for England's professional referees and will be the man who selects officials for Premier League matches. Webb, 43, who retired as a referee last year after a career which included taking charge of the 2010 World Cup final, has been appointed performance director for the Select Group of referees - the 17 full-time professional officials. He takes over from 69-year-old Keren Barratt, who had been due to retire but is moving into a different role. Former referee Howard Webb will select referees for Premier League games in his new position . The highlight of Webb's referee career came when taking charge of the 2010 World Cup final . Webb, who had been working as technical director for Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMOL) since retiring as a referee, will now take responsibility for managing the Select Group. PGMOL will also appoint an additional referee coach to work directly with Webb. Webb will continue to report to PGMOL general manager Mike Riley, who said: 'Howard's role as technical director this season has enabled him to obtain an excellent understanding of the organisation, our officials and the strong work of our support team. 'What has also become clear is that Howard has a natural flair for coaching and his extensive experience of the Premier League means he's expertly placed to lead and further develop the high standards of the Select Group.' Former referee and PGMOL general manager Mike Riley (centre) values Howard's 'natural flair for coaching and experience of the Premier League' | Former referee Howard Webb has been promoted to performance director . 2010 World Cup final official will select referees for Premier League games . The Select Group includes 17 full-time professional officials . |
Based on the reference text, provide a one sentence overview of Dogecoin | Dogecoin (/ˈdoʊ(d)ʒkɔɪn/ DOHJ-koyn or DOHZH-koyn, Abbreviation: DOGE; sign: Ð) is a cryptocurrency created by software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer, who decided to create a payment system as a "joke", making fun of the wild speculation in cryptocurrencies at the time. It is considered both the first "meme coin", and, more specifically, the first "dog coin". Despite its satirical nature, some consider it a legitimate investment prospect. Dogecoin features the face of the Shiba Inu dog from the "doge" meme as its logo and namesake. It was introduced on December 6, 2013, and quickly developed its own online community, reaching a market capitalization of over $85 billion on May 5, 2021. As of 2021, it is the sleeve sponsor of Watford Football Club.
Dogecoin.com promotes the currency as the "fun and friendly Internet currency", referencing its origins as a "joke". Software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer launched the satirical cryptocurrency as a way to make fun of Bitcoin and the many other cryptocurrencies boasting grand plans to take over the world. With the help of Reddit, the site became an instant hit. Within two weeks, Dogecoin had established a dedicated blog and forum, and its market value has reached US$8 million, once jumping to become the seventh largest electronic currency in the world. Dogecoin is based on Scrypt algorithm, and the transaction process is more convenient than Bitcoin.[citation needed] Dogecoin takes only 1 minute to confirm, while BTC takes 10 minutes. | Dogecoin is a cryptocurrency that features the face of a dog the was created as a joke to make fun of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. |
Given this paragraph about Pablo Escobar, how much money did he have when he died? | Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (/ˈɛskəbɑːr/; Spanish: [ˈpaβlo es.koˈβ̞aɾ]; 1 December 1949 – 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist who was the founder and sole leader of the Medellín Cartel. Dubbed "the king of cocaine", Escobar was the wealthiest criminal in history, having amassed an estimated net worth of US$30 billion by the time of his death—equivalent to $70 billion as of 2022—while his drug cartel monopolized the cocaine trade into the United States in the 1980s and early 1990s. | Pablo Escobar had an estimated net worth of $30B when he died in 1993. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kaitlin Taylor went to the Syracuse University health center in hopes of getting treated for flu symptoms but instead was sent to a psychiatric ward . A New Jersey student with a bad cold was locked in a hospital psych ward for six days after going to her university's heath center for a medication to treat flu-like symptoms, she alleges in a lawsuit. Kaitlin Taylor, of Union County, New Jersey, went to the campus health center at Syracuse - a school she's since left - when she was a sophomore in September 2013 complaining of flu-like symptoms. But the six-day stay in the nearby St Joseph's Hospital was not what she was expecting when she told the center's staff that she was suffering from a fever, cough, phlegm and chest congestion. While waiting for care, Taylor said she told a counselor that she wanted to change her arts major and take a leave of absence from the school but missed the semester's deadline because her computer was stolen. When she was told no one could write her a prescription at the center, she was driven to St Joseph's and dropped in front the the emergency room, according to the New York Post. While waiting in the ER, Taylor said she felt as though she was getting sicker. 'I was getting stressed by the circumstances and the surroundings,' she told the Post. 'I thought I'd only be there for an hour or two.' She was then taken to a psychiatrist's office, where she spent 15 minutes explaining that she was sick, had not been sleeping well, was struggling in her classes and feared she might lose her scholarship. Taylor was then told that she would have to stay overnight and was sent to an 'observation room' with four other patients. The psychiatrist's notes said that Taylor was in for 'involuntary treatment,' for 'insomnia, pressured speech, disorganized, declining grades'. The patients in the room were separated by low walls while staff watched over them, Taylor said. She still didn't receive medication or treatment. She wanted to call her mom, but her cellphone had died and she said the hospital wouldn't recharge it. Taylor was sent to St Joseph's Hospital (pictured) where she was put into 'involuntary treatment' and observed for six days after she had only gone to the health center for medication for her flu-like symptoms . Taylor is now suing Syracuse University, a university employee and St Joseph's Hospital for misdiagnosing and improperly treating her. Her hospital horror started at her university's health center (pictured), where she went to get medication . 'They hadn't done anything for me or my cold. They didn't take my blood pressure or even my temperature,' she told the Post. A nurse told her that if she cooperated and took the medication they gave her, she would be out in a shorter time period. She said she was given Risperdal, which is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and Klonopin, used to treat panic disorder. Taylor told the post that they had to line up and take their pills, 'just like in the movie Cuckoo's Nest'. She was finally able to reach her mom, who came to the hospital to get her out of the ward. Taylor is now suing Syracuse University, a university employee and St Joseph's Hospital for misdiagnosing and improperly treating her, negligent and harmful use of medication and failure to get informed consent, among other reasons, the lawsuit states, according to the Daily Orange. Marc Held, Taylor's lawyer who filed the lawsuit in Manhattan Supreme Court, said her treatment was 'unfathomable'. The lawsuit claims that the 'unlawful, negligent and otherwise improper confinement', caused Taylor to suffer 'personal indignities'. Taylor has since left Syracuse and transferred to Rutgers University. Rebecca Reed Kantrowitz, senior vice president and dean of student affairs, said in a statement to the Daily Orange that the university 'strongly support the medical professionals and staff in the center'. In November 2014 the university announced they were in the process of searching for a new psychiatric provider and since has hired additional staff. Syracuse's attorney Matthew Larkin, however, told the Post that the university 'denies that it acted inappropriately in any way'. A St Joseph's spokesman wouldn't comment due to patient privacy and pending litigation. | Kaitlin Taylor went to the Syracuse University health center as a sophomore in September 2013 . She had flu-like symptoms, including a fever, cough, phlegm and congestion . While waiting for medication, she told a counselor that she wanted to change her major and take a leave of absence from school . She was sent to St Joseph's Hospital's emergency room with no medication . After speaking to a psychiatrist and not being treated she was sent to an 'observation room' for six days and given antipsychotic medications . Taylor is now suing university and hospital for improper treatment . University attorney claims school 'denies that it acted inappropriately' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | As the Premier League season enters its final straight, a few unexpected names have risen to the fore as teams fight to either stave off relegation or strive for a top four finish. Tim Sherwood attacking instincts have managed to get Aston Villa firing again with three of his players making the top 10 in the Player Performance Index PPI chart created by EA Sports. Meanwhile, Marouane Fellaini's improving form, which included a fine goal against Tottenham, has been silencing his early critics at Old Trafford. 10. Charles N'Zogbia, Aston Villa (PPI score: 34.4) The first of three Aston Villa stars to have been reinvigorated by the arrival of new manager Tim Sherwood. The former Wigan winger has been released from the shackles of Paul Lambert's previous reign and was back dribbling down the touchline this weekend while providing an assist in Villa's 4-0 hammering of Sunderland. No 10: Aston Villa winger Charles N'Zogbia is back doing what he does best under Tim Sherwood . The EA Sports PPI is the official player rating index of the Premier League. It measures a player's contribution to the success of his team. The intention is to remove any opinion bias and only work with proven statistical measurements which become more accurate as the season progresses. So, what are the six indices? 1. Winning Performance . 2. Player's Performance per match . 3. Appearances . 4. Goals scored . 5. Assists . 6. Clean sheets . 9. Joel Ward, Crystal Palace (35.9) Not only did the Eagles defender win four tackles and make seven clearances during his side's 3-1 defeat of struggling QPR, but he also managed to score. The sight of of a full-back celebrating in the style of Cristiano Ronaldo will still be etched in the minds of worried Rangers fans. 8. Wilfried Zaha, Crystal Palace (38.8) On his current form, Wilfried Zaha could earn himself a move to Manchester United... wait a minute! The speedy winger is one of several players to have risen from the flames of criticism this weekend with 16 passes completed in the opposition half to compliment his brave goal against QPR. No 9: Crystal Palace defender Joe Ledley (right) celebrates his goal against QPR a la Cristiano Ronaldo . No 8: Wilfried Zaha suffered a nasty collision with the goal post for his troubles of scoring against Rangers . 7. Brown Ideye, West Brom (39.5) The Baggies' record £10million signing was almost offloaded for a cut-price fee in January but has come good with five league goals since the close of the transfer window. His latest, which claimed the match winner in Saturday's 1-0 victory over Stoke, ended a spell of four games without a goal. No 7:Brown Ideye scores the winer against Stoke, his fifth league goal since almost being sold in January . 6. Michael Carrick, Manchester United (38.3) Louis van Gaal's Manchester United are simply better when Michael Carrick is in the side as the cultured midfielder showed in arguably their best performance of the season against his former club Tottenham on Sunday. Carrick netted a rare headed goal but making 42 of 50 attempted passes for a completion rate of 84 per cent was equally impressive from the former England international. No 6: Cheikhou Kouyate has been compared with Patrick Vieira and was impressive this weekend . 5. Aaron Ramsey, Arsenal (41.4) The Welsh midfielder prepared for Arsenal's do-or-die Champions League showdown with Monaco on Tuesday with an all action performance in the 3-0 defeat of West Ham. Aaron Ramsey scored the Gunners second goal, provided an assist for Mathieu Flamini's third without ignoring his defensive responsibilities with four wining tackles and three interceptions to leave Arsenal fans believing miracles can happen at the Stade Louis II. No 10: Aaron Ramsey skids on his knees after scoring in an all action display against West Ham . 4. Marouane Fellaini, Manchester United (45.7) At one time, it seemed as if Marouane Fellaini's only admirer at Old Trafford was the manager who signed him, David Moyes. But, despite being largely ignored by Van Gaal, the Belgium international has forced his way back into the side and received no less than a standing ovation after scoring a goal and keeping his passing tidy with a 78.6 per cent pass completion rate. No 4: Marouane Fellaini slots in a left footed shot during Manchester United's best performance of the season . 3. Romelu Lukaku, Everton (47.6) Everton's record £28million summer recruit has come under criticism as Premier League clubs have come to terms with Roberto Martinez's tactics this season. Nonetheless, the former Chelsea battering ram has starred in Europe and taken his league goal tally into double figures with a strike supplemented by an assist in the Toffees' 3-0 defeat of Newcastle. No 3: Romelu Lukaku made an assist and scored his 10th league goal of the season against Newcastle . 2. Christian Benteke, Aston Villa (54.7) Aston Villa were the biggest winners of the Premier League this weekend, which a 4-0 first half scoreline at Sunderland leading to Gus Poyet's eventual departure from the Stadium of Light. Whereas a shortage of goals was their problem under the previous regime, Sherwood has them firing on all cylinders with Christian Benteke once more looking like the striker that terrorised defences in his first season. No 2: Nacer Chadli finally shone for Tottenham against QPR on Sunday . 1.Gabriel Agbonlahor, Aston Villa (49.6) The fleet footed forward tops this week's PPI Performance Index after his electrifying performance against Sunderland that gives Aston Villa breathing space in the congested battle against relegation. He scored a goal but completing 25 of 28 passes, including 24 made in the opposition half, for a completion rate of almost 90 per cent is testament to the attacking verve that has returned to Villa Park. No 1: Gabriel Agbonlahor (right) not only scored but managed a pass completion rate of almost 90 per cent . | Aston Villa's resurgence has seen Gabby Agbonlahor and Christian Benteke top EA Sports Player Performance Index (PPI) Marouane Fellaini and Michael Carrick starred for Manchester United . Aaron Ramsey put in an all action display ahead of Arsenal's Euro crunch . |
Given this paragraph about the grand Ethiopian renaissance dam, what is the expected power generation on the latest design. | Originally, in 2011, the hydropower plant was to receive 15 generating units with 350 MW nameplate capacity each, resulting in a total installed capacity of 5,250 MW with an expected power generation of 15,128 GWh per year. Its planned generation capacity was later increased to 6,000 MW, through 16 generating units with 375 MW nominal capacity each. The expected power generation was estimated at 15,692 GWh per year. In 2017, the design was again changed to add another 450 MW for a total of 6,450 MW, with a planned power generation of 16,153 GWh per year. That was achieved by upgrading 14 of the 16 generating units from 375 MW to 400 MW without changing the nominal capacity. According to a senior Ethiopian official, on 17 October 2019, the power generation capacity of the GERD is now 5,150 MW, with 13 turbines (2x 375 MW and 11x 400 MW) down from 16 turbines. | The new design developed in 2017 has a planned power generation of 16,153 GWh/year using 16 hydropower generating units. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roy Hodgson is confident in Harry Kane's ability to shine for England, it is just a case of whether there is space for him in the upcoming squad. This has been quite the season for the 21-year-old, whose 24 goals in all competitions is far and away the best tally from any English striker this term. That form has impressed Three Lions boss Hodgson, who has strongly hinted recently that Kane will earn a first senior call-up in two weeks' time. England manager Roy Hodgson is open to the possibility of calling up Tottenham striker Harry Kane . The Spurs front man has is a regular in the England Under 21 set up and has been in great form for his club . Kane was far from his best in the Capital One Cup final but Hodgson said he thinks the striker is 'ready' It is not just the Spurs man vying for a striking berth, though, with a number of other in-form, uncapped players hoping to be involved against Lithuania and Italy. Saido Berahino, Danny Ings and Charlie Austin have all impressed for their clubs this season - but it is Kane who is the main talking point. 'He's in my thoughts of course, he deserves to be,' Hodgson said, speaking at the London Football Awards, which raises funds for national charity, Willow. 'He's scoring goals for one of our top teams in the Premier League but I know him anyway, he's done a lot of good work for the Under-21s. Burnley striker Danny Ings (right) is among the names for a call up to the Three Lions first team . QPR's Charlie Austin (left) and West Brom's Saido Berahino (right) have both been in fine scoring form . 'What pleases me most is young players are getting their chance to play. In the past 19, 20, 21-year-olds would be loaned out or would have to sit back and wait for their chance. Now more and more of them are taking the chance when they get it. 'I'm delighted for him and we'll see when I select my squad at the end of month if he's in it.' Asked whether Kane was ready to make the step up to the senior side, Hodgson said: 'He's ready. If he wasn't ready he wouldn't be playing for Tottenham and scoring lots of goals. 'The question you ask is has the player got the quality and talent we're looking for and is there a space for him? 'If he comes in then someone's going to drop out and most forwards we've got have done quite well in the autumn. 'But I can't include everyone unfortunately. It's not always a question of are they good enough, it's a question of is there space at this time.' However Kane is the one gaining all the attention having scored 24 goals in all competitions this season . Wayne Rooney, Daniel Sturridge and Danny Welbeck look set to be involved in the squad, while Rickie Lambert and Jermain Defoe are other experienced forward options when the national team reconvene after a four-month break. 'I am looking forward to it, we all are,' Hodgson said. 'Certainly I and my coaching staff are. I hope the players are looking forward to it, too. 'It will be nice to see them again. We did plan a little meeting in January but we found another way of staying in touch with them. 'It will be nice to see them physically again and I hope to see them in as good a shape as I thought they were last autumn.' Hodgson was speaking at the London Football Awards, which raises vital funds for Willow - the only national charity working with seriously ill young adults aged 16 to 40 to fulfil uplifting and unforgettable special days. Hodgson was speaking at the London Football Awards, which raises vital funds for Willow - the only national charity working with seriously ill young adults aged 16 to 40 to fulfil uplifting and unforgettable special days. | Roy Hodgson thinks Harry Kane is ready for an England senior place . The Three Lions boss commended the Tottenham striker's scoring record . However it remains to be seen if there is room for him in the squad . Hodgson added he is happy young players are getting a chance to play . |
Who is the youngest driver to win a Formula 1 race? | Max Verstappen is the youngest winner of a Grand Prix; he was 18 years and 228 days old when he won the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix | Max Verstappen is the youngest driver to win a F1 race with 18 years and 228 days old at the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix, during his first race at Red Bull Racing Team |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mario Balotelli shared his distaste at the comments aimed at AC Milan's Sulley Muntari, which were made by Matteo Salvini, secretary of the anti-immigration Lega Nord party. The Ghanaian international conceded a penalty kick as the Serie A giants failed to beat Hellas Verona at the San Siro on Saturday. The Italian politician took to Facebook and posted the comments sparking much controversy. Mario Balotelli (centre) was furious at Matteo Salvini's comments aimed at AC Milan's Sulley Muntari . Muntari (left) was targeted by Salvini after he conceded a penalty against Hellas Verona on Saturday . He wrote: 'Immigrants who work well are welcome. So Muntari may return to his home.' The Liverpool forward, whose been criticised by Salvini before, couldn't quite believe what the politician had to say about the Milan midfielder. In an Instagram post containing a screenshot of Salvini's words, Balotelli wrote: 'This person is serious when he says this or what? He is also a politician? Then voting for me is better.' The Liverpool striker has previous with Salvini and he was quick to defend his friend Muntari . Salvini seemed undeterred by Balotelli as he insulted the Italian international with another Facebook post on Sunday. It read: 'The sense of humour of Balotelli is equal to his education in the field. 'He is angry because I criticised his friend Muntari? 'With all the millions that come to play ball, these gentlemen should accept ironies and criticism from fans, and smile. Take it easy Mario!' Salvini (right) is the secretary of the anti-immigration Lega Nord party and has insulted Balotelli before . | Mario Balotelli angry with Matteo Salvini over his Sulley Muntari comments . The Italian politician made the dig on his Facebook page after the Ghananian international conceded a penalty for AC Milan . Balotelli and Muntari were team-mates when they played at the Italian club . Click here for all the latest Liverpool news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Carlos Condit will return to the Octagon for the first time in over a year to take on Thiago Alves at UFC Fight Night 67. Condit hasn't fought since March 2014 after he tore his anterior cruciate ligament during the second round of a clash with Tyron Woodleyat UFC 171. The former interim champion has been undergoing rehabilitation ever since but will make his long awaited return to the cage in May. Carlos Condit looks in disbelief after being defeated by Tyron Woodley in their welterweight bout at UFC 171 . Thiago Alves poses for a post fight portrait during the UFC 183 event at the MGM Grand Garden Arena . Alves himself has only just got back to competing regularly having also spent time out with injury. He went more than two years without a fight after picking up a problem during a March 2012 defeat to Martin Kampmann. But the Brazilian is back to both fitness and form having beaten Seth Baczynski and Jordan Mein. A venue has not yet been revealed for UFC Fight Night 67 but a decision is expected soon, as is an undercard for the headline fight. ondit punches Tyron Woodley in their welterweight bout at UFC 171 inside American Airlines Center . Alves punches Jordan Mein in their welterweight bout during the UFC 183 event at MGM Grand Garden Arena . | UFC fighter Carlos Condit will take on Thiago Alves in May . Condit hasn't fought since tearing his anterior cruciate ligament in 2014 . Former interim champion has been undergoing rehabilitation ever since . Alves has also spent time out but is now back to both form and fitness . CLICK HERE for all the latest UFC news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gareth Bale trained with a smile on his face as Chris Coleman’s Wales squad prepared for their crucial Euro 2016 clash in Israel. The world’s most expensive player took part in light jogging exercises and skipped over mini hurdles amid the scenic surroundings of the Vale Resort in Cardiff. The serene atmosphere was a world away from the heated scenes he left in Spain, where irate Real Madrid fans attacked his white Bentley in the early hours of Monday morning. Gareth Bales (centre) shares a joke with Aaron Ramsey (right) and West Ham's James Collins on Wednesday . The Wales superstar appeared in good spirits as he was put through his paces with the Wales squad . Bale, the world's most expensive player, has endured a troubled time at Real Madrid in recent weeks . Bale was in a group including Aaron Ramsey, Joe Allen, James Collins and Chris Gunter as Liverpool coach Ryland Morgans put the players through their paces. In one drill, the squad, split into four sections, dribbled with the ball around cones turning around a metal dummy and passing to a team-mate. At one point Bale broke into laughter when Allen badly miscalculated his attempt. At the end of the 15-minute segment open to media, West Ham’s Collins joked: ‘Good work lads, see you tomorrow.’ Coleman then went through more detailed training behind closed doors. Bale will line up for Wales when they face Israel in their Euro 2016 qualifier later this week . Bale looked at ease with his Wales team-mates; a far cry from his recent woes at the European champions . Bale trained in a group including Aaron Ramsey, Joe Allen, James Collins and Chris Gunter . Captain Ashley Williams said the players, including Bale, have fresh bills of health for the clash in Haifa. ‘Everyone is fit and ready,' said the Swansea defender. ‘The camp is buzzing. We had a good night on Monday seeing the guys we haven’t seen for a while. ‘We are looking to do some good work on the field this week and get the job done.’ Wales will fly to Tel Aviv on Thursday afternoon before travelling up to Haifa for the match at the Sammy Ofer Stadium between the top two teams in Group B. | Gareth Bale trained alongside his Wales team-mates on Wednesday . The Real Madrid star boasted a broad smile ahead of the Israel clash . He has come under criticism from Madrid fans after his recent displays . Bale will line up alongside compatriots for Saturday's Euro 2016 qualifier . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Watford fan Nick Cruwys (pictured) was left fighting for his life after he was attacked following a match with Wolves. A 13-year-old has now been arrested by police investigating the incident . A 13-year-old boy has been arrested by detectives investigating an attack which left a football fan fighting for his life in hospital. West Midlands Police said officers arrested the youngster on suspicion of assault at an address in Wolverhampton, just before 5am today. The boy is the second person to be arrested by detectives investigating an attack on 44-year-old Watford supporter Nick Cruwys in Wolverhampton on Saturday, after an 18-year-old man was detained yesterday. That man has since been bailed until April 8. Police described the latest arrest as 'significant'. Mr Cruwys was tripped and kicked in the head in an unprovoked attack in the street, following Watford's 2-2 draw with Wolves. The father of two, from Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, was attacked in Little's Lane, Wolverhampton, shortly after 5pm as he made his way to the railway station with friends. An online appeal to raise funds to help Mr Cruwys, set up by a Wolves fan, has now raised more than £25,000. After the latest arrest, police directly appealed to anyone involved in the attack to 'do the right thing' and hand themselves in. Detective Inspector Toni Naylor, of West Midlands Police, said: 'We are pleased with how the investigation is progressing and the arrest of a second suspect is significant. 'But this is not the end of our inquiry, it's only the beginning. 'I am now appealing to anyone who was involved in the incident to think about their actions and to do the right thing and contact us or hand themselves in to a local police station. 'We will leave no stone unturned to find the people involved and by coming forward you will be in a position to give your side of the story.' CCTV from outside the football stadium shows the victim laying stricken on the ground after the attack . Mr Cruwys suffered serious injuries in an attack outside Wolves' Molineux Stadium (pictured in file photo) Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Watford supporter Nick Cruwys was attacked after match on Saturday . Police arrested an 18-year-old yesterday who has since been bailed . Officers investigating incident have now arrested a 13-year-old boy . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It's a magical moment when a man finds out he is going to be a father for the first time. But when Tennessee man Jordan Cocklin was told the news by his wife through specially designed bottles of beer, his reaction wasn't exactly what she was hoping for. Kelsey decided to make the big announcement using bottles of beer tucked away in the fridge - labelled 'Daddy's Beer' and 'Oops' - and film her husband's reaction as he opened the door. 'Oh': Jordan seems unimpressed by news that he will soon become a dad, as Kelsey rolls camera . Daddy's beer: Kesley redesigned the bottle of beer in an inventive way to break the news to her husband . Loved up: Married couple Jordan and Kelsey Cocklin posted the amusing clip on YouTube . But when it dawns on Jordan that he is soon to be a dad, he only manages an 'Oh', followed by 'For real?' The couple, who live in Nashville, decided his underwhelmed reaction was so funny they would post it on YouTube, where it has so far been viewed more than 300,000 times. Speaking to Buzzfeed, Jordan said his awkward reaction was because of total shock, not disappointment. He said: '[It was] total shock at first but as soon as she turned ioff [the camera] we were just ecstatic'. 'Any new dad is going to have an original feeling of shock - mine just happened to be caught on camera', he added. Jordan said he would consider showing the video to his future son or daughter when they're older. Just checking: Jordan's response to finding the beers is 'Oh' and 'For real?' Expecting: Jordan and Kesley are now expecting their first child together . | Kelsey Cocklin told husband she was expecting a baby with bottles of beer . She decided to film his reaction - but he is hilariously underwhelmed . After big reveal, the apparently unimpressed Nashville man says 'Oh' and asks 'For real?' Later said he wasn't disappointed with news he will be a dad, just shocked . Bottles for the craft beer lover were labelled 'Daddy's Beer' and 'Oops' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An iconic London landmark, the Grosvenor House Hotel, has been put up for sale after its owner was placed into administration by creditors. The five-star hotel, ideally situated on Park Lane across from Hyde Park, boasts 420 rooms, 74 suites and one of the largest ballrooms in Europe. Purchased by Indian conglomerate Sahara for £470 million in 2010, the company is now attempting to sell off the property, reportedly in order to raise funds for its jailed boss. London's iconic Grosvenor House Hotel is up for sale after its own was placed into administration by creditors . Sahara's purchase of the property from the Royal Bank of Scotland was record-breaking for the hospitality industry at the time and the hotel is expected to fetch even more now. Administrators from Deloitte are working with Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL) to find a buyer after Sahara defaulted on debts. Any sale, however, will not effect the current operating lease with Marriott. In a statement provided to MailOnline Travel, a spokesperson for Marriott Hotels said: 'Marriott International has a long term lease agreement to operate Grosvenor House, A JW Marriott Hotel and is not directly involved in the sale or ownership of the building. 'The hotel will continue to be managed by Marriott under the terms of our existing management agreement and will continue to operate at the same high level of service that our JW Marriott guests have come to expect.' The property first opened its doors in 1929 and boasts 27 meeting rooms, over 400 guest rooms and one of the largest ballroom's in Europe . The Great Room once housed an ice rink where Queen Elizabeth II took skating lessons, but it was turned into a banqueting space in 1934 . The hotel's Great Room, which once housed an ice rink, is still one of the the capital's largest. In fact, Queen Elizabeth II herself learned how to ice skate on the rink, but it was turned into a banqueting space in 1934. Since then, many high-profile events have been hosted at the hotel, such as last year's Q Awards, with Ed Sheeran and Sam Smith in attendance, and past BAFTA ceremonies. The grand hotel, located on Park Lane across from Hyde Park, has played host to a variety of high profile events like last year's Q Awards . Aside from it's 420 well-appointed guest rooms, the property also offers 74 luxurious suites, decorated in calming beige and grey tones . Indian conglomerate, Sahara, purchased the hotel from the Royal Bank of Scotland in 2010 for a whopping £470 million . Since being purchased by Sahara over five years ago, the owner of parent company Sahara India Pariwar group, Subrata Roy, has been jailed for contempt of court after failing to return more than 200 billion rupees to investors. Those involved with the sale have reason to believe that the property will generate significant interest. Mark Wynne-Smith, global chief executive at JLL hotels and hospitality group, told the Telegraph: 'The last hotel transaction on Park Lane took place two years ago and the market has strengthened since then.' The company has opted to put the property up for sale in hopes of raising funds to be put toward the £1 billion bail for its jailed boss . The administrators, Deloitte, along with JLL are overseeing the sale, which they believe will generate a great deal of interest . Just how much the landmark hotel will bring in remains to be seen, though the 2010 purchase did fall short of the £600m price tag that was discussed at the time. Aside from The Great Room, which can seat up to 2,000 delegates, the hotel also includes 27 meeting rooms, and, more importantly, boasts a storied past. The historic hotel first opened its doors on May 14, 1929. | Iconic hotel on Park Lane put on the market after its owner was placed into administration by creditors . Indian conglomerate, Sahara, paid £470 million for the hotel in a record-breaking deal in 2010 . Hotel has 420 rooms, 74 suites, 27 meeting spaces and The Great Room, one of Europe's largest banquet halls . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | There have been all manner of World Cup shambles for England since they should have won the 1992 final here in Australia. But never one as bad as this. This, surely, is the worst yet, worse than 1996 when Sri Lanka’s pinch-hitters left them trailing in their wake. Worse, even, than 1999 when England were eliminated from their own World Cup the day before the official song came out. And it is certainly worse than the last three World Cups when we had come to expect England to struggle in the one-day game, particularly in 2007 and last time when the biggest tournament in limited-overs cricket followed the Ashes. James Taylor (right) was dismissed for just one run as Bangladesh bowler Taskin Ahmed (left) celebrates during the 2015 Cricket World Cup tie . Bangladesh bowler Ahmed celebrates taking the wicket of England batsman Taylor during their World Cup match at the Adelaide Oval . England batsman Taylor (left) walks off after being dismissed while Bangladesh celebrate during the World Cup match . Bangladesh bowler Ahmed (right) celebrates with team-mate Sarkar Soumya after dismissing England batsman Taylor . England batsman Moeen Ali runs after playing a shot during the World Cup match with Bangladesh in Adelaide . Bangladesh wicketkeeper Mushfiqur Rahim knocks off the bails to run out Ali as England team-mate Ian Bell (left) looks on . England batsman Moeen lays on the ground after being run out by Bangladesh wicketkeeper Rahim during the World Cup match . The 15-run defeat here by Bangladesh at the Adelaide Oval, which confirmed England’s abject surrender, is nothing short of an utter humiliation, an embarrassment that, not for the first time in recent years, leaves them as the laughing stock of world cricket. This was the World Cup that England were supposed to take seriously and prepare thoroughly for. This was the World Cup that the Ashes were moved for, leading to a 5-0 thrashing last winter and all manner of painful recriminations. Yet so far advanced has the one-day game progressed in the last two years since England reached the Champions Trophy final that clearing the calendar and playing only one-day cricket so far this winter has been akin to trying to put a sticking plaster on a gaping wound. England have been able to defeat just Scotland in this tournament and after being thrashed by Australia, New Zealand and Sri Lanka they have now been humbled by a team in Bangladesh who are little more than minnows themselves. This tournament was set up to virtually guarantee the progress of the big eight teams to the quarter-finals. It was almost impossible for England to fail to at least get to the last eight where defeat would have been far from a disgrace. Or so it seemed. Instead this is a defeat that deserves to be considered as a total disgrace. It is one that leaves Peter Moores fighting to salvage his reputation as a credible coach of England and Paul Downton, the man who appointed him, facing huge questions about the big decisions he has made. When the dust settles and England have gone through the motions of their last group match against Afghanistan they must have a searching examination of how they play one-day cricket and how they can possibly catch up with the rest of the world before they host the next World Cup in four years time. It is not just Moores and Downton with much to contemplate. Senior players such as Ian Bell, Stuart Broad and Jimmy Anderson have not provided the proper example needed from senior players in a young team and should retire from one-day cricket to allow a new young vibrant team to be built. And the decision to replace Alastair Cook with Eoin Morgan as one-day captain on the brink of this tournament has backfired, the new leader falling for his fifth duck in his last nine innings just when his team needed him most. Morgan has been given permission to miss England’s first one-day international after this World Cup, against an Ireland team having a far better tournament than England, so he can play in the Indian Premier League. That decision frankly stinks and if Morgan does not want to lead England into a new one-day era then he should give up the job now and let Joe Root, who was seriously considered when Cook was sacked, lead them from now on. Never mind that Jos Buttler almost rescued England after they had fallen to 163 for six chasing 275. And never mind that TV umpire Simon Fry gave an atrocious decision to rule that Chris Jordan had been run out when surely there was doubt over whether his bat had bounced up once he had made his ground. England's Bell walks from the field after he was dismissed by Bangladesh bowler Rubel Hossain (second from left) during their match . Bell's 63 could do little to help England as they were chasing 276 to avoid an embarrassing early elimination in Adelaide . Rubel Hossain (left) looks towards England batsman Bell after he is dismissed for 63 during the World Cup match . England batsman Alex Hales came in but was caught behind by Bangladesh wicketkeeper Rahim as bowler Mashrafe Mortaza (right) reacts . England captain Eoin Morgan went for a duck against Bangladesh on Monday - his fifth ODI duck in 12 innings . Joe Root (centre) exchanges words with Bangladesh captain Mortaza (left) at the Adelaide Oval . Kevin Pietersen tweeted his reaction to England's embarrassing elimination at the World Cup after their defeat by Bangladesh . 90 - the amount of runs captain Eoin Morgan scored in five innings at the World Cup . 12.2 - the overs it took for New Zealand to beat England's total of 123 in their second group game. 111 - Australia's margin of victory in the opening game of the tournament . 654 - total of runs scored by Australia and Sri Lanka against England . 1 - number of centuries scored by an England batsman against Test playing nations . 72 - number of runs scored by Sri Lanka off the bowling of Chris Woakes . 0 - number of wins registered by England over Test playing nations in the tournament . 0 - the number of centuries scored by a Bangladesh batsman in a World Cup before playing England on Monday. 37.4-1-234-5 - Chris Woakes's tournament bowling figures. 49 - the amount of runs Steven Finn went for in two overs against New Zealand. Moores went into full Graham Taylor mode on the sidelines, raging at the fourth official after a truly awful decision, but in truth England did not deserve to get away with this. They were second best to a tigerish Bangladesh just as they have been worse than second best throughout this tournament. And it all started off so well too. It looked as though England were going to have an easy night when Anderson found the bite and swing that had eluded him in this tournament to take two wickets in his first seven balls. Neither Imrul Kayes nor Tamim Iqbal, the dangerman at the top of the Bangladesh order, could cope as England made a start full of the sort of aggression and purpose that the seriousness of their plight demanded. Yet England could not have expected the resistance and then blossoming strokeplay that came from a batsman who had never made a one-day international century before in Mahmudullah. The drop-in pitch at the re-built Adelaide Oval may have been near perfect for batting but the lack of variety in an England attack that has struggled for penetration in this World Cup allowed Bangladesh to flourish. Mahmudullah found a willing ally in the tiny form of Mushfiqur Rahim, the Bangladeshi ‘mighty atom’ who first faced England as a 16-year-old schoolboy 10 years ago, and together they preyed on England’s nerves. Mahmudullah certainly enjoyed becoming the first Bangladeshi to record a hundred in a World Cup match and while he and Rahim were adding 141 for the fifth wicket a total beyond 300 looked within his side’s reach. That they fell 25 short of that was down to much improved death bowling from England, Chris Jordan in particular showing how it should be done after being preferred to Steven Finn in this winner takes all match. It should have been well within England’s reach but their chase was old-fashioned and flawed with Bell, involved in a schoolboy run out that saw the demise of Moeen Ali, leaving them far too much to do after he had taken 82 balls to reach 63. The dismissals of Bell and Morgan in four balls from Rubel Hossain, faster than any England bowler, left England deep in the mire and even though Buttler, their main glimmer of hope for a better one-day future, hit 65 off 52 balls they ended up 16 short. The brilliant Hossain finished it by bowling both Broad and Anderson in three balls in the penultimate over, leaving Chris Woakes stranded on 42, to spark off wild Bangladeshi celebrations. For England it was the end of the world. Bangladesh batsman Mohammad Mahmudullah reacts after scoring his nation's first-ever century in a World Cup match . Mahmudullah blows a kiss after reaching Bangladesh's first World Cup century with score of 103 against England . Bangladesh batsman Mahmudullah earned the plaudits after scoring 103 against a poor England on Monday . Bangladesh sealed a surprise win over England at the World Cup as Peter Moores and his men suffered early elimination . Chris Jordan dives and leads with his bat as the ball heads towards the stumps during the World Cup defeat . Jordans bat was judged to have lifted off the ground as the ball struck the stumps and he was run out . Jordan was controversially run out for a duck when his bat was grounded then bounced up as it hit the stumps . Jordan holds his bat in the air after being run out by Bangladesh's Arafat Sunny during the World Cup defeat . How the table looks in Pool A with England adrift at the World Cup following their 15-run defeat by Bangladesh . | England won the toss and decided to bowl first with Alex Hales and Chris Jordan both selected . Mahmudullah secured Bangladesh's first-ever World Cup century with score of 103 . England had to chase 276 runs to avoid embarrassing elimination at the Adelaide Oval . Ian Bell got 63 but Moeen Ali (19), Alex Hales (27), captain Eoin Morgan (0) and James Taylor (1) did little to help . England captain Morgan got his fifth ODI duck in 12 innings in front of 11,963 at the Adelaide Oval . Jordan controversially run out for a duck when his bat was grounded then bounced up as it hit the stumps . Stuart Broad (9) and Jimmy Anderson (0) were bowled by Rubel Hossain in three balls in the penultimate over . Nasser Hussain: England cricket flops must take responsibility for World Cup exit . READ: Peter Moores still backed by ECB after Cricket World Cup horror show . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Zara Phillips made the most of the early spring sunshine, spending this afternoon at an charity eventing meet in Cambridgeshire. After completing her heats, the 33-year-old royal spent the rest of the day relaxing with friends at the Whitehall Farm Event Complex, near Ely. Zara entered two of her horses into the trials, Hunua and High Kingdom - which she won a silver medal on in the 2012 Olympics. Zara Phillips riding Hunua earlier today at a horse trials near Ely in Cambridgeshire . Concentration was etched on the 33-year-old royal's face as she cleared a jump . After a busy few hours competing in the dressage, show jumping and cross country heats, the professional equestrienne then changed into a windbreaker and dark blue baseball cap to relax with friends at the outdoor cafe. The two-day event was held to raise money for the Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust, which supports Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge. Zara's daughter Mia, one, who often accompanies her mother to horse shows, was absent from the day's event, as was Zara's husband Mike Tindall, 36. On top of their high-profile work commitments,Mike and Zara have a lot on their hands at the moment renovating their new home. Zara was typically dressed down in jodhpurs, a blue windbreaker and a dark blue baseball cap . After competing, Zara relaxed with friends at the event . The couple, who married in 2011, live on Princess Anne's Gatcombe Estate with their young daughter Mia, born last year. But it was reported recently that they are set to revamp a Grade II listed farmhouse where Zara's father, Captain Mark Phillips, had been living since his divorce from Anne in 1992. Once a high-tech renovation has been carried out on Aston Farm, set in 600 acres on the Princess Royal’s estate, the young family will move in. Zara Phillips riding her Olympic horse High Kingdom . Zara chats to a friend at the charity horse riding event . | Zara Phillips spent the day at a horse trials near Ely, Cambridgeshire . Eventing includes dressage, show jumping and cross country . |
What career did GeLing Yan have? | Geling Yan (simplified Chinese: 严歌苓; traditional Chinese: 嚴歌苓; pinyin: Yán Gēlíng; born 16 November 1958]) is a Chinese-American author and screenwriter. Yan began performing as a dancer at age 12. She served in the People's Liberation Army in Chengdu, during the Cultural Revolution in Tibet and later as a journalist in the Sino-Vietnamese War, achieving a rank equivalent to lieutenant colonel. | She is an author, screenwriter, and once was a dancer and a journalist. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Shocking footage has emerged from inside a Florida classroom showing a girl being paddled by her teacher as three or four male students hold her down. However the parents of the girl - now 18 - have limited legal options to pursue after signing a corporal punishment permission form when their daughter started at the institution. The disturbing incident occurred at Zarephath Academy, a Christian school in Jacksonville. 'Once they got me, they flip me over and grab me by my arms and my legs,' the girl, identified as Roshada Smith, told News4Jax. Disturbing: Cellphone video has emerged online showing a teacher at Zarephath Academy in Jacksonville waiting for a group of students to hold down a girl before paddling her . Scary: This is the moment the teacher - who has not been identified - raises the paddle getting ready to hit the girl, who was caught running in cafeteria . Smack: At least two male students can be seen in the video holding the girl, who can be heard screaming . Corporeal punishment: This is the moment the teacher strikes the girl, who is being restrained by a group of male students . 'So once they did that, my teacher just felt like they got me so she paddled me on my butt, close to my back.' Smith, who spoke with local press but did not want her face on camera, said she was being punished for running in the cafeteria. Smith was so humiliated she has not returned to school since the incident, which was last Wednesday. The school has not responded to calls for comment. Victim: Roshada Smith, 18 - who asked her face not bee shown - speaks to a local reporter about what happened to her. She has not returned to school since the incident . Scene: The disturbing incident occurred at Zarephath Academy, a Christian school in Jacksonville. The school asks parents to sign a corporal punishment permission form . The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office confirmed they had seen the video and investigated. However they also confirmed the parents did sign the corporeal punishment slip, meaning there was little they could do. Smith is also now 18. Lawyers not affiliated with the case told News4Jax that Smith's parents to show the video to the state attorneys office, who will investigate whether any battery charges can be pursued against the teacher or any of the students that were involved in holding Smith down. The teacher who wields the paddle has not been identified. On its website, Zarephath Academy describes the school as: 'Zarephath Academy’s mission is to educate our youth socially and spiritually in a Christian environment; a school that is operated by men and women that are in love with God. We are a close-knit community serving students grades Kindergarten through 12th.' | Roshada Smith, 18, was caught running in the cafeteria at Zarephath Academy, a Christian school in Jacksonville, Florida . A group of students restrained her as a female teacher struck her with . Smith's parents had signed a corporal punishment permission form . They are investigating what legal recourse is available to them . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ronny Deila believes he will soon be fending off interest in Stefan Johansen from English Premier League clubs. The Norwegian midfielder has thrived since his former Stromsgodset manager moved to Glasgow last summer. On the verge of adding the domestic Treble to the championship he won a year ago, the 24-year-old is also a forerunner for the player of the year awards. Celtic boss Ronny Delia believes Premier League clubs will soon come calling for midfielder Stefan Johansen . And, speaking to a Norwegian TV station this week, Deila was asked how long he could keep the player at Celtic Park. He replied: ‘It’s clear it’s difficult. He is good enough to play in the Premier League but then it is a question of whether he wants it. ‘I think Stefan is very fond of Celtic and it’s a much bigger club to play for than for example West Bromwich. ‘Stefan made a wise choice when he chose to go to Celtic. Here he is allowed to develop, not least physically. He has been playing regularly at a high level.’ Johansen, who also spoke with the Norwegian broadcaster TV2, was adamant that he had no immediate desire to leave Celtic, though. The 24-year-old is adamant he has no immediate desire to leave the Scottish giants at present . ‘The reason why I’m doing so well now is that I enjoy where I am,’ he said. ‘I see no reason why I should change clubs. I’m at a club that will win trophies, who have the ambition to play in Europe.’ Meanwhile, Queens Park Rangers are monitoring Jason Denayer’s situation. The Premier League strugglers have had the Belgian watched several times recently with a move to a summer transfer. Deila has stated that he’d like the defender to return to Glasgow for another year-long loan from Manchester City even though the player’s preference is a return to his parent club. QPR boss Chris Ramsey remains hopeful of persuading Denayer to switch to London – regardless of what league his side are playing in. QPR are interested in signing on loan Celtic defender Jason Denayer (left) in the summer . | Stefan Johansen has thrived since joining Celtic from Stromsgodset . Celtic are on the verge of winning the domestic Treble this season . Johansen is also a forerunner for the player of the year awards . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Wigan will be without England winger Josh Charnley for up to six weeks with an ankle injury sustained in Friday's 13-12 win over Hull. Scans have revealed Charnley suffered a high ankle strain and, although he will not need surgery, he will wear a protective boot for around four weeks before he can resume training. Dom Manfredi will take over the right-wing spot, starting with Friday's trip to Leeds. Wigan's Josh Charnley (left), pictured in action against Brisbane Broncos, has been ruled out for six weeks . 'Josh is likely to be out for between four to six weeks,' Wigan coach Shaun Wane told the Wigan Evening Post. 'It's unfortunate but it gives Dom a chance to show what he can do and I'm chilled about it. 'Dom can do things which Josh can't. I'm a big fan of his.' Charnley, pictured on England duty, does not need surgery but must wear a protective boot for four weeks . | Josh Charnley sustained the injury in Friday's 13-12 win against Hull . He will wear a protective boot after suffering a high ankle strain . Dom Manfredi will start at right wing against Leeds on Friday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Filmmaker Brett Ratner has turned his attention away from Hollywood blockbusters this month to produce a glossy television commercial for Blade's new airport helicopter transfer service, Bounce. Blade, a short-distance aviation app which launched last year as a fast way to get to the Hamptons, is now offering customers the chance to fly to New York airports in just minutes for less than $700. The advert, debuting exclusively with DailyMail.com today, features beard model Luke Ditella picking up his comely date for a quick flight at Blade's swanky heliport lounge on Manhattan's East Side. App-based service: Brett Ratner's Bounce advert, debuting exclusively with DailyMail.com, opens with beard model Luke Ditella looking down at his phone to see the words, 'helicopter has arrived', flash up on the screen . Smartening up: Ditella then glances at his watch and straightens his tie (pictured), before picking up his comely date for the short helicopter trip at Blade's swanky heliport lounge on Manhattan's East Side . New focus: Filmmaker Ratner (pictured), who directed the Rush Hour film series and X-Men: The Last Stand, turned his attention away from Hollywood blockbusters this month to produce the glossy commercial . It opens with Ditella looking down at his smartphone to see the words, 'helicopter has arrived', flash up on the screen, alongside the time of his Blade flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport. He then glances at his watch, before meeting his date in the Blade Lounge and telling her: 'Sorry I'm late'. The woman, wearing a dark blue dress, turns to him and replies: 'Your helicopter. Your rules.' The pair then climb into a black helicopter at the East 34th Street heliport, which takes off. The 30-second commercial, which ends with the aircraft flying into the distance, was shot in a single day. Apology: After walking over to his date, Ditella, dressed in a suit jacket and shirt, tells her: 'Sorry I'm late' 'Your rules': The woman, wearing a dark blue dress, turns to him and replies: 'Your helicopter. Your rules' Ready to travel: Ditella glances out of the window of the Blade Lounge, at their helicopter, on East 34th Street . Producer Ratner, 45, who directed the Rush Hour film series, X-Men: The Last Stand, The Family Man and Red Dragon, and other crew members lent their talents to the advert for free. Blade, dubbed 'an Uber for helicopters', offers flights to 'any New York area airport' via its Bounce app. The six-seat aircraft, costing $695 a trip, arrives as soon as 20 minutes after being ordered. The booking process itself takes no longer than 30 seconds. Blade's new commercial will first air on New York television Monday morning. A quick trip: The pair then climb into a Blade helicopter (pictured), which takes off. The commercial for Blade's new service, called Bounce, was shot in a single day. Ratner, 45, and other staff lent their talents for free . Date night: Blade, dubbed 'an Uber for helicopters', is offering direct flights to 'any New York area airport' for $695 via Bounce. The six-seat aircraft can arrive as soon as 20 minutes after being ordered by a customer . Up and away: Blade's new commercial for Bounce will first air on New York television on Monday morning . | Blade's Bounce advert is debuting exclusively with DailyMail.com today . Features beard model Luke Ditella picking up his date for helicopter trip . Pair then climb into aircraft at Blade's heliport on Manhattan's East Side . Commercial, produced by Brett Ratner for free, was shot in a single day . App-based Bounce offers short, direct flights to 'New York area airports' Six-seat aircraft, which costs $695 a trip, arrives 20 minutes after order . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A team of zoo keepers in Sydney channelled their animal instincts and hammed it up in front of the camera in a series of pictures that have gone viral. The tongue-in-cheek snaps of staff at Symbio Wildlife Park in Helensburgh, about 50kms south of Sydney, have found their way into news feeds and timelines across the globe. The first picture was of four keepers mimicking a quarter of marmoset monkeys, and has now expanded to include recreations of their favourite kangaroo, koala and tiger poses. Staff at Symbio Wildlife Park in Helensburgh, NSW, strike their favourite animal poses. Staff at the family-operated wildlife park said the idea came after a recent visit from Socceroo star and Asian Cup hero Tim Cahill. 'Our keepers have had some fun re-enacting some of our favourite animal 'perfectly timed photos' at the park,' a spokesman said. Staff at the family-operated wildlife park said the idea came after a recent visit from Socceroos star and Asian Cup hero Tim Cahill. After the football star swung by the park, general manager Matt Radnidge set about bringing the snaps to life. A Symbio Wildlife Park spokesman said the pictures have provided the park with priceless exposure. General manager Matt Radnidge helped staff members bring their photo ideas to life. A Symbio Wildlife Park spokesman said the pictures have provided the park with priceless exposure. The first picture was of four keepers mimicking a quarter of marmoset monkeys, and has now expanded to include recreations of their favourite kangaroo, koala and tiger poses. The photos have received more than 5000 likes on social media, and have even generated a 'tribute' picture from the Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary in California, USA. 'Our keepers have had some fun re-enacting some of our favourite animal 'perfectly timed photos' at the park,' the spokesman said. 'And the photos have sure been a hit with the public worldwide.' The photos have received more than 5000 likes on social media, and have even generated a 'tribute' picture from the Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary in California, USA. | Keepers at family-run Symbio Wildlife Park monkey around for pictures that have received more than 5000 likes . Attempted to imitate favourite animals, posing as koalas in trees, kangaroos covered in hay and lounging like a tiger . Staff says they got idea after recent visit from Socceroos star and Asian Cup hero Tim Cahill . Viral shots inspired a 'tribute' picture from the Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary in California, USA . |
From the passage provided, extract the name of the first female recipient of Turing award | The ACM A. M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) for contributions of lasting and major technical importance to computer science. It is generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science and is colloquially known as or often referred to as the "Nobel Prize of Computing".
The award is named after Alan Turing, who was a British mathematician and reader in mathematics at the University of Manchester. Turing is often credited as being the key founder of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. From 2007 to 2013, the award was accompanied by an additional prize of US$250,000, with financial support provided by Intel and Google. Since 2014, the award has been accompanied by a prize of US$1 million, with financial support provided by Google.
The first recipient, in 1966, was Alan Perlis, of Carnegie Mellon University. The first female recipient was Frances E. Allen of IBM in 2006. The latest recipient, in 2022, is Robert Metcalfe for inventing Ethernet. | The first female recipient was Frances E. Allen of IBM in 2006 |
Given this question about tourism, what country is the 6th most visited country? | As of 2017, Mexico was the 6th most visited country in the world and had the 15th highest income from tourism in the world which is also the highest in Latin America. The vast majority of tourists come to Mexico from the United States and Canada followed by Europe and Asia. A smaller number also come from other Latin American countries. In the 2017 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, Mexico was ranked 22nd in the world, which was 3rd in the Americas. | Mexico |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Sen. Rand Paul, who is expected to announce on April 7 that he will be running for the presidency, is garnering a great deal of attention as he travels around the country promoting his brand of libertarian conservatism. The Kentucky senator's widely publicized appearance this month at the South by Southwest festival at Austin, Texas, was one opportunity he used to appeal to a tech-savvy audience. His particular blend of ideas -- a combination of libertarianism and Republican conservatism -- stands out from the rest of the pack. Younger Republicans, the much-desired millennial vote, seem attracted by what they are hearing. What accounts for his appeal? In an era when so many Americans seem frustrated with shallow, personality-based politics, there seems to be genuine interest in a candidate who is fighting for a set of ideas. For many disaffected younger Republicans, Paul offers a version of the conservative agenda that seems foreign to the modern GOP. For almost half a century, "big government conservatism" has ruled the party. Although conservatism is theoretically about limited government, the historical reality has been much different. On national defense, the hawks of the GOP have been victorious. Even while railing against the dangers of a big federal government, Republicans have lined up to support higher defense spending and a massive military-industrial complex. Though the GOP has little tolerance for many social safety net programs, the party has accepted sizable government support to industry, such as the financial bailout known as TARP in 2008 and subsidies for certain economic interests. Paul has been a vocal critic of the neoconservative turn that the GOP has embraced in recent decades, during which the party moved beyond support for high national security spending and toward a bolder vision of aggressive nation-building and regime change. For some Republicans, including Paul, these policies were at the heart of the failures of George W. Bush's presidency and a sharp departure from the party's principles. Similarly, Paul has been one of the few Republican voices to argue that post 9/11 surveillance policies have dangerously curtailed civil liberties. At the local level, he has criticized the militarization of police forces and the treatment of African Americans by law enforcement officers. Paul has also backed away from some tenets of social conservatism that don't sit well with a growing number of Republican voters. He has been an outspoken advocate of giving states the right to legalize marijuana. He has been attuned to the ways in which younger generations of Republicans are not on board with the evangelical fervor of the 1970s conservative movement and want to move in a different direction. While many Republicans have talked about the need for their party to tackle issues involving race and inequality in ways that are different from Democrats, most have been unwilling to offer any substantive ideas. Indeed, the recent budget blueprint from congressional Republicans exposed how thin discussions of a Republican anti-poverty program are. Their budget centers around cuts to key social safety net programs such as Medicare and regressive supply side tax cuts. But Paul, who has appeared to be supportive of a stringent budget, has also been willing to put forward bolder ideas, including criminal justice reform, that deal directly with the conditions that have devastated African American communities. Can Paul really win? That is unclear. Republican strategist Matthew Dowd told The New York Times: "It's one thing to be interesting; it's another thing to be compelling. They've got to see him sitting in the Oval Office. And I do not think Rand has crossed that threshold yet." There are many skeptics who don't think that he has what it takes and that he has a controversial record. Paul's extremely critical remarks about key aspects of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 will certainly come back to bite him, as will some of his blistering attacks on the Federal Reserve. Paul is also trying to make the case for a libertarian conservatism that is not pure. Paul is still a Republican, so he will continue to fit his ideas within the broader agenda of the GOP. He is also a politician at heart and will make compromises that he believes are essential to survive. While Paul argues that he is trying to take some of the ideas that libertarians liked about his father and make them politically viable, some of his supporters smell a sellout. Arguably, we have seen this recently when he signed the controversial letter to Iran led by Sen. Tom Cotton of Arkansas (a neoconservative mentored by the hawkish Bill Kristol), switched his approach to the issue of same-sex marriage and gave support to an aggressive war against ISIS. "This is more than a flip-flop. This is a backflip," the editor of an anti-war website told the Daily Beast. "This was the last straw. I've put up with a lot from that guy! I've had to defend him like a Jesuit. I'm done. Let somebody else do it." But if Rand Paul can sell primary voters that his blend of ideas still offers something distinct from the rest of the Republican candidates, at a minimum he can help reshape the debate within the GOP by raising questions about some of the party's core positions. | Julian Zelizer: Rand Paul, due to announce for presidency, has attracted a lot of attention . He says the Kentucky senator can appeal to younger Republicans with a libertarian brand of conservatism . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | When it comes to the FA Cup, Manchester United have edged Barclays Premier League rivals Arsenal in recent years, winning three of their last five meetings. This year, the pair have been pitted against each other once again, in the quarter-finals - the difference this time being that Sir Alex Ferguson will not be in charge of United. Can Arsenal, the current holders, balance the scales and reach the last four? Manchester United will face Arsenal in the FA Cup for the first time since Sir Alex Ferguson's (right) retirement . Manchester United 0 Arsenal 2 - FA Cup fifth-round, February 2003 . Goals either side of half-time saw Arsenal bag a comfortable win over their top-flight rivals. Edu opened the scoring for the Gunners in the 34th minute with a free-kick which deflected off the shoulder of David Beckham and wrong-footed Fabien Barthez. The visitors struck another blow to United's comeback hopes when Sylvain Wiltord took the ball around Wes Brown before converting a well-placed shot for Arsenal's second in the 52nd minute, putting the game out of reach. Manchester United striker Ruud van Nistelrooy (left) tussles with Arsenal midfielder Patrick Vieira (right) Arsenal forward Sylvain Wiltord (left) is congratulated by team-mates after scoring his side's second goal . Manchester United winger Ryan Giggs has an attempt at goal during the FA Cup fifth-round in 2004 . Arsenal 0 Manchester United 1 - FA Cup semi-final, April 2004 . United secured their place in the final by beating Arsenal at Villa Park, where Paul Scholes fired home the only goal. It came just after half an hour when Ryan Giggs squared a ball in from the right to an unmarked Scholes, whose fierce shot sailed past Jens Lehmann. Arsenal did have their chances, however, with Edu and Patrick Vieira both hitting the woodwork and frequently forcing Roy Carroll into action. The defeat ended the Gunners' 18-match unbeaten FA Cup run, which stretched back to their 2001 defeat to Liverpool in the final. United playmaker Paul Scholes (centre) scores the only goal as his side beat Arsenal in the FA Cup semi-final . United winger Cristiano Ronaldo (left) is brought down by Arsenal defender Gael Clichy (right) Arsenal 0 Manchester United 0 (Arsenal win 5-4 on penalties) - FA Cup final, May 2005 . Arsenal held on for a goalless draw after a dominant Manchester United performance in the Wembley final, which the Gunners went on to win 5-4 on penalties. United were unable to beat in-form goalkeeper Lehmann, who made crucial saves throughout before saving Scholes' penalty to clinch the cup. United came close with chances from Wayne Rooney, who hit the post, and Ruud van Nistlerooy, whose effort was deflected onto the bar by Freddie Ljungberg. Come the shoot-out, Arsenal, who had Jose Antonio Reyes sent off in the final minute of extra-time, maintained their composure and scored all five penalties, the fifth converted by Vieira. Arsenal full-back Lauren (left) goes to challenge Ronaldo during the FA Cup final in 2005 . Patrick Vieira holds the FA Cup trophy after Arsenal beat Manchester United on penalties in 2005 . Arsenal goalkeeper dives to make a stunning save from Paul Scholes during the 2005 final shoot-out . Manchester United 4 Arsenal 0 - FA Cup fifth-round, February 2008 . A dominant first-half performance saw Manchester United ease to victory over Arsenal in the fifth round. United were 3-0 up by half-time thanks to headed efforts by Rooney and Darren Fletcher which effectively put the game out of reach after 20 minutes, with Nani netting a third just before the break. The Gunners' luck worsened shortly after the restart when Emmanuel Eboue was sent off for a foul on Patrice Evra, ruling out any glimmer of a comeback. The match was finally put to bed in the 74th minute when Fletcher headed in his second and United's fourth. Manchester United striker Wayne Rooney (centre) loses his man to open the scoring against Arsenal in 2008 . Manchester United's South Korean midfielder Ji-Sung Park (right) crosses the ball past Justin Hoyte (left) United midfielder Darren Fletcher (right) scores his second and his side's fourth goal against Arsenal . Manchester United 2 Arsenal 0 - FA Cup quarter-final, March 2011 . United secured a comfortable win over Arsenal in the last eight, silencing a few of Ferguson's critics. The veteran Scottish manager had come under pressure prior to the game thanks to league defeats at Liverpool and Chelsea, resulting in a drastic squad reshuffle which saw seven defenders start against the Gunners. United went in at half-time 1-0 up thanks to Fabio's goal, with Rooney putting the game out of reach at the start of the second half. Arsenal's FA Cup exit came shortly after they had lost to Birmingham in the League Cup final, and to Barcelona in the Champions League. Fabio Da Silva of Manchester United (right) shields the ball away from the incoming challenge of Denilson (left) Paul Scholes (centre) angrily confronts Arsenal striker Marouane Chamakh (right) back in 2011 . Wayne Rooney (right) is congratulated by team-mates Rafael (left) and Javier Hernandez (top) | Manchester United will play Arsenal in the FA Cup quarter-finals this year . United have won three of their last five meetings in the Cup . Arsenal have not beaten United in the Cup since the final in 2005 . |
Based on the paragraph below, the failure to uphold the commitments outlined in Magna Carta lead to what war? | Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal Stephen Langton, to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. | First Barons' War |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A middle-aged accounts manager claims he was forced by a female boss to dress up as Father Christmas while working at Dow Jones because he was older than everyone else (stock picture) A middle-aged accounts manager claims he was forced by a female boss to dress up as Father Christmas while working at Dow Jones because he was older than everyone else. James McClellan, 53, claims he was forced out of the company because of sexism and ageism at the hands of a younger female manager. He is now suing the financial news and publishing giant claiming he was sidelined as an accounts payable manager for the company in London, which is owned by Rupert Murdoch. In documents lodged at the Central London Employment Tribunal, the father-of-three from Maidstone in Kent, said he was painted as a 'misogynist' and told by his manager Azmina Airi that he underestimated 'the girls'. But he insists he was just raising 'grave concerns' his team was being overstretched, and said he was made to feel singled out by Ms Airi. In the statement he said: 'At our first meeting she informed me that she had been observing me and was of the view that I was 'rigid and stuck in my ways'. 'I found this offensive suggesting that she was judging me on the basis of my age and her pre-conception of how set in their ways a middle aged person is. 'At Christmas 2013 she demanded that I dress up as the secret Santa. I was given no option and again felt that I was being discriminated against on the basis of age. I found the experience uncomfortable.' He added: 'She selected me because I was the 'nice old buffer' everyone liked. I would be happy to suffer the embarrassment.' Mr McClellan began working at Dow Jones in May 2011 to manage accounts payable. In documents lodged at the Central London Employment Tribunal James McClellan, said he was painted as a 'misogynist' and told by his manager Azmina Airi that he underestimated 'the girls' In October 2013 Ms Airi joined the team and became his manager, overseeing the roll-out of a new payroll system. But Mr McClellan raised concerns the team could not cope with the new demands being placed on them. He said: 'The team were at their very limits and subjected to, what I considered, dangerously high levels of stress. I was concerned for the welfare of my team.' He said the team had to take on pension administration responsibilities, but he felt they 'did not have the capacity training or skills to take this on at this time' He is now suing the financial news and publishing giant claiming he was sidelined as an accounts payable manager for the company, which is owned by Rupert Murdoch . He said: 'I raised this with her and asked her to defer these incremental changes until the project was ended and there would be more time to get this done properly. 'She flatly refused stating that I was being deliberately uncooperative and that I underestimated the ability of 'the girls'. 'I found this very offensive as she was implying that as a middle aged man I was a misogynist with little respect for the abilities of women. ' I find this an offensive stereotype.' He said the pair had meetings to clear the air, 'but because of her discriminatory views of me as a middle aged man she was completely unwilling to listen to my concerns'. He branded the workplace an 'ageist environment'. He said his job had been made impossible and he resigned in February last year. He is claiming constructive dismissal, age and sex discrimination, and whistleblowing. Dow Jones deny the allegations. The tribunal continues. | James McClellan 'was forced out of Dow Jones by sexism and ageism' Claims he was painted as a 'misogynist' and by his female manager . Said he was also made out to be a 'nice old buffer' by Azmina Airi . Mr McClellan is now suing thefinancial news and publishing giant . |
Given these paragraphs, tell me what a recurrent neural network , and how it differs from a convolutional neural network. | A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural networks where connections between nodes can create a cycle, allowing output from some nodes to affect subsequent input to the same nodes. This allows it to exhibit temporal dynamic behavior. Derived from feedforward neural networks, RNNs can use their internal state (memory) to process variable length sequences of inputs. This makes them applicable to tasks such as unsegmented, connected handwriting recognition or speech recognition. Recurrent neural networks are theoretically Turing complete and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs.
The term "recurrent neural network" is used to refer to the class of networks with an infinite impulse response, whereas "convolutional neural network" refers to the class of finite impulse response. Both classes of networks exhibit temporal dynamic behavior. A finite impulse recurrent network is a directed acyclic graph that can be unrolled and replaced with a strictly feedforward neural network, while an infinite impulse recurrent network is a directed cyclic graph that can not be unrolled.
Both finite impulse and infinite impulse recurrent networks can have additional stored states, and the storage can be under direct control by the neural network. The storage can also be replaced by another network or graph if that incorporates time delays or has feedback loops. Such controlled states are referred to as gated state or gated memory, and are part of long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and gated recurrent units. This is also called Feedback Neural Network (FNN). | A recurrent neural network is a class of artificial neural networks where connections between nodes can create a cycle, allowing output from some nodes to affect subsequent input to the same nodes.The term "recurrent neural network" is used to refer to the class of networks with an infinite impulse response, whereas "convolutional neural network" refers to the class of finite impulse response. |
Give me the main facts about the book series about Harry Potter. | Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's conflict with Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people).
The series was originally published in English by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States. All versions around the world are printed by Grafica Veneta in Italy. A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming-of-age fiction, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness.
Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, positive reviews, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are widely considered cornerstones of modern literature. As of February 2023, the books have sold more than 600 million copies worldwide, making them the best-selling book series in history, and have been available in 85 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly 2.7 million copies in the United Kingdom and 8.3 million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release.
The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part namesake film series by Warner Bros. Pictures. In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25 billion, making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is a play based on a story co-written by Rowling.
The success of the books and films has allowed the Harry Potter franchise to expand with numerous derivative works, a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in London that opened in 2012, a digital platform on which J. K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight, and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, among many other developments. Themed attractions, collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, have been built at several Universal Destinations & Experiences amusement parks around the world. | Here are the most important facts about the book series Harry Potter:
1. Harry Potter is a series of seven books written by British author J. K. Rowling.
2. The first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was published on June 26, 1997.
3. As of February 2023, more than 600 million copies of books were sold worldwide, making it the best-selling book series in history.
4. Although the book is aimed at a younger audience, the main themes of the series are death, prejudice, corruption, and madness.
5. Warner Bros. Pictures has taken the book and released a series of eight films.
6. In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25 billion making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Premier League has been the loudest opponent of the 2022 World Cup in Qatar switching to a winter tournament — staged from November 21 to December 18 — that will be rubber-stamped at the FIFA ExCo meeting in Zurich on Friday. But the richest league in world football is not expected to kick off yet again when the dates become official this week. The PL is resigned to that decision being a formality since the opinions of PL chief executive Richard Scudamore and other European leagues chiefs were virtually ignored at the task force summit in Qatar which recommended a November-December competition. The dates from the 2022 World Cup in Qatar are expected to be confirmed on Friday in Zurich . Qatar will host the 2022 World Cup in the winter despite opposition from Europe's big leagues . Instead, the PL and their European counterparts will be concentrating on winning concessions for such a disruption to their calendar. The biggest confrontation is likely to be with their own UEFA confederation over tightening the Champions League programme. This not only spreads itself over a ridiculous four weeks for their last-16 round but also forbids domestic fixtures taking place on those nights. The PL will also be wanting talks about cutting international friendlies, FA Cup replays and two-legged Football League Cup semi-finals in that season. But more conflict looks inevitable as the FA and Football League will not want their broadcasting deals affected by losing fixtures. However, a December 18 finish would see the Premier League restart on Boxing Day. Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore has been among the loudest critics of a winter World Cup . The Global Sporting Director Summit at the Etihad Stadium on April 29 has attracted former England cricket managing director Hugh Morris, who hardly put a foot wrong during his low-profile tenure that included three Ashes victories, as well as Paul Downton, who hasn’t put a foot right since taking charge in January 2014. If the beleaguered Downton were to take any advice from Morris he would surely be told to do his work behind the scenes rather than at centre stage all the time. Hugh Morris (left) and Paul Downton (right) will both be at the Global Sporting Director Summit in April . The Football League are certainly in the right place if they were ever to be worthy of News at Ten attention. Having been evicted by the Premier League, their new offices in London’s Gray’s Inn Road are next door to the ITV news studio in the ITN building. And the complex production role of supplying content from all three lower league divisions in time for the 9pm Channel Five highlights show next season will be handled by ITN. Jason Leonard, RFU president from June, was surrounded by rugby fans on the Twickenham concourse before the Scotland game. It showed rugby definitely got one decision right — fast-tracking Leonard to be president during the World Cup, rather than some anonymous suit. And England Rugby 2015 will be making the most of Leonard being the Twickenham kingpin. Jason Leonard will take up his role as RFU president from June ahead of the Rugby World Cup . Moore’s tweet revenge . Only loveable BBC rugby co-commentator Brian Moore could go on Twitter seemingly to embarrass his own employers. Moore said on air that England scrum-half Ben Youngs was his choice as official BBC man of the match against Scotland. But Moore then went on social media to tell followers: ‘Just to point out I picked (Courtney) Lawes as MoM but Youngs came up and had to deal with it.’ A BBC spokesperson said the right graphic of Youngs was screened and was correctly announced and that Moore stood by his decision. No he didn’t on Twitter. Former Chelsea and Manchester United chief executive Peter Kenyon is busy advising Premier League promotion hopefuls Middlesbrough, having brought in the club’s first foreign manager Aitor Karanka. He is also running global football funds with super agent Jorge Mendes. Jersey-based Kenyon is also playing an influential role as chairman of burgeoning rugby agency Esportif. UEFA have put out a banal YouTube interview with president Michel Platini answering recorded questions that would have created derision if Sepp Blatter had done it. To Real Madrid legend Iker Casillas’ probing: ‘Mr President, I’d like to ask if you miss playing football?’ Platini replies: ‘Iker, it’s always a pleasure to see you on TV. Normally, when I see you, I give you a cup.’ | A winter World Cup in Qatar in 2022 is expected to be confirmed on Friday . Premier League has been among loudest critics of a winter World Cup . Paul Downton and Hugh Morris to attend Global Sporting Director Summit . Jason Leonard to take up RFU president role from June . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Napoli failed to close the gap on Serie A leaders Juventus after surrendering a two-goal lead against Inter Milan at the Stadio San Paolo on Sunday night. Marek Hamsik headed in Henrique's cross six minutes after the interval, before Gonzalo Higuain doubled Napoli's advantage shortly after the hour mark with a stunning curled strike into the far top corner from 25 yards - putting the hosts firmly in the ascendancy before the late drama. It was Argentina forward Higuain's first league goal since a double against Genoa on January 26, although he has scored an impressive 13 goals in 25 league appearances this season. Inter forward Mauro Icardi (second right) runs back to the halfway line after he made it 2-2 against Napoli . The 22-year-old stepped up to the penalty spot confidently - chipping the ball towards the middle of the goal . Samir Handanovic looks on helplessly as the ball flies past him and straight into the net . Rafa Benitez (left) and Roberto Mancini (right) greet each other prior to Sunday night's game . Napoli (4-2-3-1): Andujar; Henrique, Albiol, Koulibaly, Strinic; Inler, David Lopez; Callejon (Mesto 88) Hamsik (Gabbiadini 80), Mertens (De Guzman 73); Higuain. Subs not used: Rafael, Colombo, Britos, Jorginho, Zuniga, Ghoulam, Zapata. Red card: Henrique 86 . Goals scored: Hamsik 51, Higuain 63 . Inter (4-3-2-1): Handanovic, Santon, Ranocchia, Juan Jesus (Puscas 84), D'Ambrosio; Brozovic (Hernanes 64), Medel, Guarin; Shaqiri; Palacio, Icardi. Subs not used: Carrizo, Andreolli, Kovacic, Podolski, Campagnaro, Vidic, Kuzmanovic, Obi, Dodo, Felipe. Goals scored: Palacio 72, Icardi (pen) 87 . However, the match turned on its head 18 minutes from time when the visitors pulled a goal back. Rodrigo Palacio fired home from close range after a series of close-range shots were charged down. And then after a sustained period of pressure from Roberto Mancini's men, Inter levelled with just three minutes remaining. Mauro Icardi was clearly not feeling the pressure as his exquisite chipped penalty found the middle of the goal, after Henrique was shown a second yellow card for pulling down Palacio in the area. Napoli now find themselves 12 points off the leaders Juventus - having played a game more too - while Inter remain firmly poised in mid-table with 36 points from their 26 games to date in Serie A. Gonzalo Higuain celebrates after his brilliant strike put Napoli 2-0 up against Milan on Sunday . Earlier, Marek Hamsik was found unmarked in the penalty area - heading home emphatically . The Slovakia playmaker celebrates after giving the hosts a second-half lead . | Inter came from two goals behind to secure a 2-2 draw with Napoli . Rafa Benitez's men were firmly in the ascendancy after goals from Marek Hamsik and Gonzalo Higuain . However, Inter fought back with goals from Rodrigo Palacio and Mauro Icardi to earn a creditable point . Napoli miss chance to close gap on second-placed Roma to two points . |
Tell me about John Henry Moore II | John Henry Moore II (August 5, 1927 – July 19, 2013) was an American lawyer and United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida.
Education and career
Born in Atlantic City, New Jersey, he received his Bachelor of Science degree from Syracuse University in 1952 and his Juris Doctor from the University of Florida College of Law in 1961. Moore served in the Naval Reserve from 1948 to 1971, and served on active duty in Korea before retiring with the rank of commander. Moore was in private practice in Atlanta, Georgia in 1961 with the firm of Fisher and Phillips before moving to Fort Lauderdale, Florida where he was a partner with the firms of Fleming, O'Bryan and Fleming and then Turner, Shaw and Moore from 1961 to 1967. Moore also served as attorney for the School Board of Broward County.
State judicial service
Moore served as a judge of the 17th Judicial Circuit of Florida from 1967 to 1977, serving as chief judge of that court from 1975 to 1977. Moore was nominated to United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida in 1976, but the Senate took no action. Moore served as a judge on the Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal from 1977 to 1981. | John Henry Moore II was an American lawyer and United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. He received his Bachelor of Science degree from Syracuse University in 1952 and his Juris Doctor from the University of Florida College of Law in 1961. Moore served in the Naval Reserve from 1948 to 1971, and served on active duty in Korea before retiring with the rank of commander. Moore served as a judge of the 17th Judicial Circuit of Florida from 1967 to 1977, serving as chief judge of that court from 1975 to 1977. |
Extract the names of the television series Dixie Violet Egerickx starred in and the year those series were released. List them using bullets in the format {Series} - {Year} | Dixie Violet Egerickx (born 31 October 2005) is an English actress. Egerickx has appeared three times on the London stage, as Iphigenia in Robert Icke's adaptation of Oresteia, Rosalind in Alexi Kay Campbell's Sunset at the Villa Thalia at the National Theatre and as Jenny Caroline 'Qui Qui' Marx in Richard Bean and Clive Coleman's Young Marx at The Bridge Theatre, directed by Sir Nicholas Hytner. She appeared in the 2017 National Geographic series Genius and the 2018 television series Patrick Melrose making her feature film debut in the 2018 film The Little Stranger. Egerickx was named in Screen International's Screen Stars of Tomorrow list in 2019 at the age of 13. She starred as Edie in the 2020 drama film Summerland, and portrayed Mary Lennox in the 2020 film The Secret Garden. In 2019 she filmed HBO's Unaired Game of Thrones Prequel Pilot and most recently has completed filming the role of Jo Ransome in the Apple TV miniseries of The Essex Serpent, directed by Clio Barnard. | Genius - 2017
Patrick Melrose - 2018
The Essex Serpent - 2022 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A car mechanic spent his life savings to build his own private plane only for the propeller to be damaged on its maiden flight. Li Shilong quit his job and returned to his hometown of Xiangshui, eastern China's Jiangsu Province, to pursue his dream of building his own the plane. According to the People's Daily News, the 26-year-old spent his entire life savings - 100,000 Yuan (£10,000) - on the project. Car mechanic Li Shilong quit his job and spent his entire life savings on building his own private plane . The 26-year-old plane ethusiast spent his entire life savings of 100,000 Yuan (£10,000) on the project . The plane enthusiast said he decided to have a go at a home-mad plane after seeing other people do it on television. He said: 'I saw news of others making planes at home, and think I can also do it.' Li, who worked as a car mechanic for more than 10 years, left his job in October last year to pursue the project. Measuring 7.3m long and 10.5m wide, the project was completed in just three months. However, on a test flight in Yancheng yesterday, the propeller was damaged, according to ecsn.com. But Li is not deterred and plans to purchase new parts to realize his 'airplane dreams'. Li Shilong said he saw others on the news build planes and home and decided to have a go. Pictured, his home-made plane under construction . Li, who has worked as a car mechanic for more than 10 years, started his plane-making project last October . The project, build in his hometown, took three months, and the finished plane is 7.3m long and 10.5m wide . But unfortunately, the propeller was damaged on the plane's maiden flight in Yancheng yesterday . But Li (pictured, putting the finishing touches to his project) is not deterred and plans to buy new parts . | Li Shilong quit his job and returned to his hometown to pursue his dream . The 26-year-old completed the project in just three months in Xiangshui . On a test flight in in Yancheng yesterday, the propeller was damaged . But the plane enthusiast is not deterred and plans to buy new parts . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Go Ahead Eagles coach Foeke Booy will leave the Dutch top flight club at the end of the season, he said on Sunday. The 52-year-old has been at the Deventer-based team since the start of last season, after they won promotion, keeping the team up in the league last campaign as they finished 13th. But this season they are 15th, just above the relegation places after a 3-0 home defeat by leaders PSV Eindhoven on Saturday. Foeke Booy has announced that he will step down as Go Ahead Eagles head coach in the summer . PSV striker Luuk de Jong (centre) fends off challenges from Go Ahead Eagles players on Sunday . PSV's Luciano Narsingh (left) shields the ball away from Go Ahead Eagles' Giliano Wijnaldum (right) 'I feel I need to seek out another challenge and the club also deserve to know where I stand. We will now work 100 per cent to make sure we achieve our ambitions for this season,' he said on the club's website. Booy previously managed Utrecht, Sparta Rotterdam and Belgian outfit Cercle Brugge. Jormit Hendrix (left) challenges Wesley Verhoek during PSV's 3-0 win over Go Ahead Eagles . Jop van der Linden of Go Ahead Eagles (left) gives chase to PSV's Memphis Depay (right) Foeke Booy led Go Ahead Eagles to 13th in the Eredivisie last season, but his side are struggling now . | Foeke Booy will step down as Go Ahead Eagles boss in the summer . The 52-year-old guided Eagles to safety in the Eredivisie last season . Repeating the feat this term, however, is proving difficult . Eagles are 15th in the table and were beaten 3-0 by PSV on Saturday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Novak Djokovic rallied from a set and a break down Tuesday to beat Alexandr Dolgopolov 6-7, 7-5, 6-0 in the fourth round of the Miami Open. Dolgopolov led 4-1 in the second set before the world No 1 mounted a comeback to remain in contention for his fifth Key Biscayne title. After the second set, Dolgopolov received treatment from a trainer, who bandaged the soles of both feet. Novak Djokovic came back from a set down to reach the quarter-finals of the Miami Open on Tuesday . Alexandr Dolgopolov had both of his soles bandaged and won only three points in the final set . The Russian moved poorly after that and won only three of 27 points in the final set. As Djokovic fell behind in the first set, he busted a racket in anger, drew jeers from the crowd and was cited for two code violations, which cost him a point penalty. However, he won a succession of long exchanges late in the second set that allowed him to even the match. Djokovic claimed a succession of long exchanges in the second set to even the match and go on to win . | Novak Djokovic came from a set down to beat Alexandr Dolgopolov . The world No 1 remains in contention for his fifth Miami Open win . Dolgopolov became less mobile after receiving treatment to his feet . |
When is Original Joe's Day in San Francisco? | San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee declared January 26 as "Original Joe's Day". | January 26 |
Where was Eric Church born? | Church was born on May 3, 1977, in Granite Falls, North Carolina (Dudley Shoals area), to Ken and Rita Church. Church worked with his father at Clayton Marcus, a furniture upholstery company where his father was president. At 13, he bought a guitar and began writing songs of his own. By his senior year of high school, he had found a gig at a local bar, which occupied most of his time. He played many Jimmy Buffett cover songs and a few of his own original songs in some dive bars. Some of these places were so rough that he got into a few altercations from the stage. For a few years, the band played often in bars and restaurants throughout North Carolina.[citation needed] The band "Mountain Boys" consisted of his college roommate, brother, and a fellow guitarist.
Before moving to Nashville, Eric graduated from South Caldwell High School and then Appalachian State University with a degree in marketing. Upon graduation, Church became engaged to a Spanish teacher in the town of Lenoir, North Carolina. The future bride's father attempted to persuade Church into a corporate career, which he rejected as an aspiring musician (and later referenced in his song "What I Almost Was" from his debut album). She broke the engagement and he headed to Nashville with his father's financial backing. His father also provided the opportunity to make contacts, and more importantly, time to focus on developing his songwriting ability.[citation needed] | Church was born on May 3, 1977, in Granite Falls, North Carolina (Dudley Shoals area), to Ken and Rita Church |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Racism is widespread in English football with police having to deal with hundreds of incidents from the top of the game right down to grassroots level, an investigation has revealed. It also revealed that Chelsea supporters have been involved in the highest number of reported racist incidents as they travelled to and from matches on trains. It follows the high-profile case of a black man who was prevented from boarding a train in Paris by Chelsea fans as they sang a racist song, with five of them due in court this week. Chelsea supporters have been involved in the highest number of reported racist incidents . The information, gathered from 24 police forces across the country, shows there have been over 350 incidents since 2012. But as that only accounts for around half the police forces in the country, the actual figure is likely to be much higher. The charity Show Racism The Red Card said the number of incidents shows that racism is a societal problem and it was particularly shocked by the number of incidents of racist abuse at children's matches. The British Transport Police said since 2012 it had dealt with 15 incidents of alleged racism involving Chelsea fans, the most of any club in the country. Manchester United were second with 10 incidents, followed by Leeds with 10, West Ham with eight, Arsenal with four and Portsmouth with four. Chelsea fans united with a banner stating 'Black or white, we're all blue' ahead of Burnley match . A club spokesman for Chelsea said of the investigation: 'The club's position on discriminatory behaviour is clear and we work closely with relevant authorities on their investigations.' Greater Manchester Police reported 46 incidents, which included a man cleaning a toilet in a stadium being told 'that's a f****** black man's job, you f****** n*****' and a manager at a children's game being told 'I'll do you, I'm gonna wait for you outside, I'm going to do you, you f****** n*****'. The force also said that on two occasions a letter was written to a specific footballer containing racist abuse and during a game someone shouted 'what is this the United Nations, how many chinks and w*** do you need?'. Hertfordshire Police recorded 11 incidents of alleged racist abuse at children's football games, while Northamptonshire Police said that during a non-league game a man was spat at and racially abused before eventually having his leg broken in a strong challenge. Some Chelsea fans were involved in an incident on the Paris Metro, and supporters have worked hard in the aftermath to show that there is no racism at Stamford Bridge . Gavin Sutherland, campaign co-ordinator at Show Racism The Red Card, said: 'This data from police forces around the UK shows that although football clubs have taken strong action against people using racist language inside stadiums, racism is a real problem within society. 'People who exhibit racist behaviours in 2015 are doing so, in the main, away from football grounds. 'Especially worrying are the incidents of racist abuse at youth team football matches. People engaged in racist abuse at these venues know that they are more likely to get away with it, because of facilities, a lack of stewarding and security, but the impact on young people will be considerable. 'Primarily, they are being exposed to racism, which in itself is frightening, but also it may influence their own behaviour.' Other incidents included Cleveland Police reporting repeated monkey sounds and gestures during a Middlesbrough v Blackburn game in November last year and Devon and Cornwall Police said a man was headbutted and racially abused during a non-league game. Chelsea's programme cover for the match against PSG carried a clear message: 'We are all blue #equality' Surrey Police said a referee received racist insults during a kids' game and Essex police said a footballer refused to shake hands with a player from the opposite team before racially abusing him. Due to the fact that some police forces were unable to provide the information or did not reply to the request, Mr Sutherland said there would certainly be a greater number of cases. 'These incidents, although shocking in themselves and how geographically widespread they are, will be just a part of the picture,' he said. 'These are the incidents that have been reported. There will certainly be a greater number unreported and under-investigated. 'Show Racism The Red Card has always stated that the reason racism manifests in football is that it is a societal problem. 'The campaign works with young people and adults not just to educate against racism, but encourage the use and development of critical thinking skills to break down the misinformation that supports racist beliefs.' A club spokesman for Chelsea said of the investigation: 'The club's position on discriminatory behaviour is clear and we work closely with relevant authorities on their investigations.' | An investigation has revealed a widespread racism problem in England . Information from 24 police forces - only around half of the number in the country - reported over 350 incidents since 2012 . Chelsea supporters have been involved in the highest number of incidents . Charity Show Racism The Red Card said racism is a societal problem . |
What is the Family of the orchid Bulbophyllum concatenatum? | Bulbophyllum concatenatum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Dendrobieae
Genus: Bulbophyllum
Species: B. concatenatum | Orchidaceae |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England goal hero Harry Kane enjoyed his first taste of international football and now he is hungry for more. Kane took just 79 seconds to make his mark on international football by scoring the final goal in England's 4-0 win over Lithuania at Wembley on Friday. The 21-year-old peeled away from his marker and nodded Raheem Sterling's cross in at the far post with just his third touch since coming off the bench. Harry Kane Wheels away after taking just 79 seconds to score his first international goal . The Spurs striker headed in at the far post from a Raheem Sterling cross shortly after coming at Wembley . Kane celebrates as England cruise to a 4-0 victory over lowly Lithunania on Friday night . England debutant's fastest goals: . Bill Nicholson 19secs . John Cock 30 . Harry Kane 79 . After enjoying such a remarkable season with Tottenham, it did not come as a surprise that Kane made such a dramatic entrance to the international arena. The forward has now scored 30 goals so far this term and he was delighted to turn his boyhood dream into reality at Wembley. 'It's a dream come true. Obviously I was very excited to make my debut, and to score as well is what I dreamed of as a little kid,' Kane told Sky Sports News. 'It was a special night, a proud night, and one I won't be forgetting for a while.' Many goal-scoring debutants have seen their England careers quickly fizzle out into nothing. Francis Jeffers and David Nugent found the net on their first appearances and never played for their country again. Kieran Richardson took four minutes to break his international duck against the United States in 2005. He scored again 40 minutes later, but never started another game for the Three Lions. Three Lions boss Roy Hodgson will decide if Kane starts against Italy in their friendly on Tuesday . David Nugent scored a solitary goal against Andorra but was never selected for England again . Kieran Richardson scored twice against the USA in 2005, the last time he pulled on an England shirt . CLICK HERE to read how the Spurs striker fared on his Three Lions bow . Roy Hodgson believes Kane is here to stay, though, and the player himself is desperate to earn more caps. 'This is where I want to be, playing for England and scoring goals,' Kane said. 'It's my first taste of it and I loved it and hopefully I can keep doing well for club and country and see where it takes us.' Danny Welbeck's withdrawal through injury increased Kane's chances of starting against Italy in Turin. And the striker is ready to answer Hodgson's call if needed. 'That's down to the boss, but I'll be ready, raring to go if called upon. I will be looking forward to it,' Kane said. 'The lads have picked up some really good results home and away. We continued that against Lithuania and now we have a tough game coming up, but we are full of confidence.' If Hodgson brought Kane into the starting line-up, he would have to dispense with the 4-3-3 formation that worked so well against Lithuania, unless he started Wayne Rooney as one of the two wide-men alongside Kane. He is more likely to switch to a 4-4-2 diamond, with Kane and Rooney up front as a strike partnership. Kane's chances of facing Italy were raised after Danny Welbeck was forced to withdraw with injury . The Spurs striker could form a partnership with Wayne Rooney after replacing the captain on Friday . Hodgson was giving little away about team selection for Italy, but he accepts he will face increasing calls for Kane to start after his stunning debut. 'If I listened to clamour every time then a lot of players would be playing from the start in the next game,' said Hodgson, who has also released Raheem Sterling, James Milner and Leighton Baines from his squad. 'People come and go but I think Harry is here to stay. 'It could well happen (that Kane starts). We won't have Sterling and Welbeck so his chances increase all the time.' Hodgson was keen not to burden the youngster with even more pressure although he admits the forward's debut could not have gone any better. 'The word fairytale comes to mind and it's great when fairytales come true in this way,' Hodgson added. 'I'm delighted for him, he's had a good week in training and we've been quite excited to see him. 'But let's keep things in perspective, for him it's been a whirlwind romance for him in terms of playing top-class football and, if anything, I would like to try and relieve the pressure on him rather than heap pressure on him.' Southampton defender Ryan Bertrand (right) has been called up as cover for Kieran Gibbs . The 20 players left in the squad were given the rest of Saturday off after a morning warm-down session and team meeting. They will train again on Sunday, when Ryan Bertrand will join in after being called up as back-up for Kieran Gibbs. Seven of the 17 players left in the squad are yet to reach 10 caps, so Hodgson knows stretching England's winning streak to eight matches will be difficult. 'It will be an enormous test for the ones we put in because some of them won't have played in the national team for a long time and they are going to be playing against a top team, but we need a good squad going forward and we need competition for places,' Hodgson said. | Harry Kane scored on his England debut in 4-0 defeat of Lithuania . Tottenham striker is eager for more and could face Italy in Tuesday friendly . With Danny Welbeck out injured, Roy Hodgson will decide if Kane partners Wayne Rooney up front . |
Give me a bulleted list of 3 informal fallacies and the meaning each | Informal fallacies – arguments that are logically unsound for lack of well-grounded premises.
Argument to moderation (false compromise, middle ground, fallacy of the mean, argumentum ad temperantiam) – assuming that a compromise between two positions is always correct.
Continuum fallacy (fallacy of the beard, line-drawing fallacy, sorites fallacy, fallacy of the heap, bald man fallacy, decision-point fallacy) – improperly rejecting a claim for being imprecise.
Correlative-based fallacies
Suppressed correlative – a correlative is redefined so that one alternative is made impossible (e.g., "I'm not fat because I'm thinner than John.").
Definist fallacy – defining a term used in an argument in a biased manner (e.g., using "loaded terms"). The person making the argument expects that the listener will accept the provided definition, making the argument difficult to refute.
Divine fallacy (argument from incredulity) – arguing that, because something is so incredible or amazing, it must be the result of superior, divine, alien or paranormal agency.
Double counting – counting events or occurrences more than once in probabilistic reasoning, which leads to the sum of the probabilities of all cases exceeding unity.
Equivocation – using a term with more than one meaning in a statement without specifying which meaning is intended.
Ambiguous middle term – using a middle term with multiple meanings.
Definitional retreat – changing the meaning of a word when an objection is raised. Often paired with moving the goalposts (see below), as when an argument is challenged using a common definition of a term in the argument, and the arguer presents a different definition of the term and thereby demands different evidence to debunk the argument.
Motte-and-bailey fallacy – conflating two positions with similar properties, one modest and easy to defend (the "motte") and one more controversial (the "bailey"). The arguer first states the controversial position, but when challenged, states that they are advancing the modest position.
Fallacy of accent – changing the meaning of a statement by not specifying on which word emphasis falls.
Persuasive definition – purporting to use the "true" or "commonly accepted" meaning of a term while, in reality, using an uncommon or altered definition.
(cf. the if-by-whiskey fallacy)
Ecological fallacy – inferring about the nature of an entity based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which that entity belongs.
Etymological fallacy – assuming that the original or historical meaning of a word or phrase is necessarily similar to its actual present-day usage.
Fallacy of composition – assuming that something true of part of a whole must also be true of the whole.
Fallacy of division – assuming that something true of a composite thing must also be true of all or some of its parts.
False attribution – appealing to an irrelevant, unqualified, unidentified, biased or fabricated source in support of an argument.
Fallacy of quoting out of context (contextotomy, contextomy; quotation mining) – selective excerpting of words from their original context to distort the intended meaning.
False authority (single authority) – using an expert of dubious credentials or using only one opinion to promote a product or idea. Related to the appeal to authority.
False dilemma (false dichotomy, fallacy of bifurcation, black-or-white fallacy) – two alternative statements are given as the only possible options when, in reality, there are more.
False equivalence – describing two or more statements as virtually equal when they are not.
Feedback fallacy – believing in the objectivity of an evaluation to be used as the basis for improvement without verifying that the source of the evaluation is a disinterested party.
Historian's fallacy – assuming that decision-makers of the past had identical information as those subsequently analyzing the decision. This should not to be confused with presentism, in which present-day ideas and perspectives are anachronistically projected into the past.
Historical fallacy – believing that certain results occurred only because a specific process was performed, though said process may actually be unrelated to the results.
Baconian fallacy – supposing that historians can obtain the "whole truth" via induction from individual pieces of historical evidence. The "whole truth" is defined as learning "something about everything", "everything about something", or "everything about everything". In reality, a historian "can only hope to know something about something".
Homunculus fallacy – using a "middle-man" for explanation; this sometimes leads to regressive middle-men. It explains a concept in terms of the concept itself without explaining its real nature (e.g.: explaining thought as something produced by a little thinker – a homunculus – inside the head simply identifies an intermediary actor and does not explain the product or process of thinking).
Inflation of conflict – arguing that, if experts in a field of knowledge disagree on a certain point within that field, no conclusion can be reached or that the legitimacy of that field of knowledge is questionable.
If-by-whiskey – an argument that supports both sides of an issue by using terms that are emotionally sensitive and ambiguous.
Incomplete comparison – insufficient information is provided to make a complete comparison.
Intentionality fallacy – the insistence that the ultimate meaning of an expression must be consistent with the intention of the person from whom the communication originated (e.g. a work of fiction that is widely received as a blatant allegory must necessarily not be regarded as such if the author intended it not to be so).
Kafkatrapping – a sophistical rhetorical device in which any denial by an accused person serves as evidence of guilt.
Kettle logic – using multiple, jointly inconsistent arguments to defend a position.
Ludic fallacy – failing to take into account that non-regulated random occurrences unknown unknowns can affect the probability of an event taking place.
Lump of labour fallacy – the misconception that there is a fixed amount of work to be done within an economy, which can be distributed to create more or fewer jobs.
McNamara fallacy (quantitative fallacy) – making an argument using only quantitative observations (measurements, statistical or numerical values) and discounting subjective information that focuses on quality (traits, features, or relationships).
Mind projection fallacy – assuming that a statement about an object describes an inherent property of the object, rather than a personal perception.
Moralistic fallacy – inferring factual conclusions from evaluative premises in violation of fact–value distinction (e.g.: inferring is from ought). Moralistic fallacy is the inverse of naturalistic fallacy.
Moving the goalposts (raising the bar) – argument in which evidence presented in response to a specific claim is dismissed and some other (often greater) evidence is demanded.
Nirvana fallacy (perfect-solution fallacy) – solutions to problems are rejected because they are not perfect.
Package deal – treating essentially dissimilar concepts as though they were essentially similar.
Proof by assertion – a proposition is repeatedly restated regardless of contradiction; sometimes confused with argument from repetition (argumentum ad infinitum, argumentum ad nauseam).
Prosecutor's fallacy – a low probability of false matches does not mean a low probability of some false match being found.
Proving too much – an argument that results in an overly generalized conclusion (e.g.: arguing that drinking alcohol is bad because in some instances it has led to spousal or child abuse).
Psychologist's fallacy – an observer presupposes the objectivity of their own perspective when analyzing a behavioral event.
Referential fallacy – assuming that all words refer to existing things and that the meaning of words reside within the things they refer to, as opposed to words possibly referring to no real object (e.g.: Pegasus) or that the meaning comes from how they are used (e.g.: "nobody" was in the room).
Reification (concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) – treating an abstract belief or hypothetical construct as if it were a concrete, real event or physical entity (e.g.: saying that evolution selects which traits are passed on to future generations; evolution is not a conscious entity with agency).
Retrospective determinism – believing that, because an event has occurred under some circumstance, the circumstance must have made the event inevitable (e.g.: because someone won the lottery while wearing their lucky socks, wearing those socks made winning the lottery inevitable).
Slippery slope (thin edge of the wedge, camel's nose) – asserting that a proposed, relatively small, first action will inevitably lead to a chain of related events resulting in a significant and negative event and, therefore, should not be permitted.
Special pleading – the arguer attempts to cite something as an exemption to a generally accepted rule or principle without justifying the exemption (e.g.: an orphaned defendant who murdered their parents asking for leniency). | Three informal fallacies are:
- False Authority: Using an expert with dubious credentials to promote an argument
- Incomplete Comparison: Not enough information was provided to adequately make a comparison
- Proof by Assertion: Restating the same argument regardless of counter arguments and contradictions |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the adorable moment a hungry raccoon exercises a degree of caution as he's offered a treat. Video footage, viewed more than two million times, shows the furry animal hiding in a hollowed-out out tree trunk. Then, as a piece of food is presented, he cautiously reaches his small paws forwards. With his eyes on the prize, he delicately clutches the nibble tight. Bystanders are heard laughing in the background as they watch the timid critter in action. Once he's got his treat, the raccoon retreats back into his hidey-hole. The heartwarming clip was filmed by Russian YouTube user, lgreko100. It was captured at an unknown location last year and recently resurfaced. Dinner is served: This is the adorable moment a hungry raccoon exercises a degree of caution as he's offered a treat . Come on: Video footage, viewed more than two million times, shows the furry animal hiding in a hollowed-out out tree trunk . Thank you! Then, as a piece of food is presented, he cautiously reaches his small paws forwards . So long: Once he's got his treat, the raccoon retreats back into his hidey-hole . | The heartwarming clip was filmed by Russian YouTube user, lgreko100 . |
Which company produces Hibiki Whisky? | Hibiki (Japanese: 響) (meaning "resonance" or "echo") is a premium blended whisky produced in Japan by Beam Suntory (a subsidiary of Suntory Beverage & Food Ltd, which itself is a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan). It has won several awards. | Hibiki Whisky is a premium blended whisky produced in Japan by Beam Suntory, a subsidiary of Suntory Beverage & Food Ltd / Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan. |
Summarize legacy of ibn-Batuta | After his collaboration with Ibn Jazayy ended, Ibn Batuta retired to a judicial post in a small Moroccan provincial town, where he died in 1368.
Ibn Battuta has been called the greatest of all travel writers, having traveled farther than Marco Polo. In his work, he provided priceless glimpses of the various people, courts and religious monuments around the world. His travelogue has been the source of countless research projects and historical investigations.
Even if some of the stories were borrowed, and some of the tales a bit too marvelous to be believed, Ibn Battuta's rilha remains an enlightening and influential work of travel literature to this day. | Ibn-Batuta was considered one of the greatest traveler of his time. His travelogues provided first ever glimpse of cultures, dynasties and religions of the world. Despite its shortcomings, his work remains influential even today. |
How old is Boo Boo Bear? | Boo-Boo Bear is a Hanna-Barbera cartoon character on The Yogi Bear Show. Boo-Boo is an anthropomorphic dwarf bear who wears a blue bowtie. Boo-Boo is Yogi Bear's constant companion (not his son, as sometimes believed), and often acts as his conscience. He tries (usually unsuccessfully) to keep Yogi from doing things he should not do, and also to keep Yogi from getting into trouble with Ranger Smith – often saying, "Mr. Ranger isn't gonna like this, Yogi." It is not readily apparent whether Boo-Boo is a juvenile bear with a precocious intellect, or simply an adult bear who is short of stature. | It is unclear how old Boo Boo Bear is. He may be an adolescent or just a short adult. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | One of the teenagers who was captured on video as she violently beat up a fellow classmate at a Brooklyn McDonald's has been arrested. Aniah Ferguson, a 16-year-old mother from Prospect Lefferts Gardens who has been arrested six times since last July, is one of six that were involved in attacking the other girl, who received no help from any of the other teenagers nearby, and is now being charged as an adult for her role in the incident, in which she also stole the victim's purse and cell phone. Her most recent arrest came last month when she stabbed her brother in the arm, and last year she was arrested after she punched her grandmother in the face. Now authorities are trying to identify the other five girls, despite the fact that no witnesses or even the victim herself will give them any information about the incident. The victim meanwhile has taken to social media to brag about the 'fame' the incident has brought her. Scroll down for video . Arrested: Aniah Ferguson, a 16-year-old mother from Prospect Lefferts Gardens who has been arrested six times since last July, was held for the McDonald's attack . Graphic cell phone footage has emerged of brutal attack on a school girl that took place in Brooklyn after class on Monday afternoon . The victim meanwhile has taken to social media to brag about the 'fame' the incident has brought her and mock the media response to the fight . According to the New York Daily News, the 15-year-old wrote on Wednesday; 'Everyone Like Im Famous Now.' The graphic cell phone footage emerged earlier this week of the brutal attack that took place after class on Monday afternoon. The three minute clip showed an unfair fight that began with the victim being set upon by six other students. As the girl is mercilessly pummelled by the gang her blonde hair extensions are ripped from her head as she is repeatedly punched and kicked. The vicious fight is cheered on by dozens of other youths who jockey for a good view of the senseless violence. The video, posted on Facebook, captures the afternoon brawl at a McDonald’s near Erasmus Hall High School on Flatbush Avenue. Despite being outnumbered, the small girl gives as good as she gets and at one point she pulls a black hoodie off one of her attackers to reveal a bra. Towards the end of the video - which has been shared more than 19,000 times and viewed more than 740,000 - the smaller girl is left cowering under a table. Finally an adult appears and attempts to break up the fight, but the taller attacker now stripped down to her bra kicks and stomps on her victim's head, calling her a 'bitch,' before storming off. Bystanders can be heard saying, 'She’s dead,' and, 'You murdered her.' The 16-year-old in the fight (left) who was stripped to her bra has been arrested, while the girl being picked on is so weak at the end that she collapses on a bench . A few students then intervene, pick the small girl up and sit her on a nearby bench. Immediately she collapses and so the students help her to lie down. NYPD have reviewed the video, but there is very little they can do because it doesn’t appear that anyone has filed a complaint, reports the New York Daily News. Brooklyn community activist Tony Herbert hopes the victim comes forward and is demanding her assailants be arrested. 'The message has to be sent very clearly, that this kind of violence will not be tolerated whether in a mall or in restaurants and those involved should turn themselves in to authorities immediately so as to face the consequences of their violent actions,' he said. Anyone with information about the fight is asked to call Crime Stoppers on 1-800-577-TIPS. Finally an adult appears and attempts to break up the fight, but the taller attacker now stripped down to her bra kicks and stomps on her victim's head, calling her a 'bitch,' before storming off . | WARNING GRAPHIC CONTENT . Graphic cell phone footage emerged earlier this week of a brutal attack on a school girl that took place in Brooklyn after class on Monday afternoon . Now one of the six teenagers who was caught violently beating the girl has been arrested . Aniah Ferguson, a 16-year-old mother who has been arrested six times since last July, is one of six that were involved . Fegruson was arrested last month after stabbing her brother in the arm, and also stole the victim's purse and cell phone after the fight . Police say the victim and other witnesses have been refusing to speak to authorities . The victim has also taken to her Facebook page and other social media to brag about her new 'fame' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A 17-year-old who was caught attempting to flee Australia to join jihadi militants in the Middle East had also been stopped by police just one day earlier during a first escape attempt. Wearing a lime green cap and carrying a black backpack, the teen was removed from a plane at Sydney Airport on March 12 and interviewed by counter-terrorism officers, Immigration Minister Peter Dutton revealed on Wednesday. However this was already the second effort the boy had made to escape the country after he had attempted to hop on a flight to Abu Dhabi - allegedly on his way to Syria - on March 11 before first being stopped, News Corp reports. The third teenager to be caught by authorities trying to join Islamic State terrorists in the Middle East, was stopped from leaving the country by federal police two days in a row . 'His name triggered the system and his passport was cancelled. He then turned up the next day and tried to board the same flight,' a senior source told News Corp. Police then intercepted the teen during his second attempt, detaining and interviewing him before releasing him to his parents. It comes after two teenage brothers were also discovered trying to travel to the Middle East earlier this month. The first incident occured on March 11 and the second on March 12 . The boy is the third teenager government officials have intercepted and amongst about 200 people stopped from heading overseas to become foreign fighters with terrorist groups. He has since returned to his family again, with the Australian Federal Police and ASIO investigating the matter. Prime Minister Tony Abbott said that while it was hard to believe people who had grown up in Australia's free and open society could be susceptible to brain washing by extremist groups such as Islamic State, it was clearly happening. 'It is very dangerous for you. It is very dangerous for others,' he told reporters in Canberra. It follows two brothers who were detained for doing the same earlier this month (pictured above) The siblings aged 16 and 17 were questioned by counter-terrorism officers before they were sent home to their mother in Sydney's south-west . There are fears that more teenagers could end up like Abdullah Elmir (pictured) who has been dubbed the 'Ginger Jihadist' Elmir (front centre) has appeared in propaganda videos since he arrived in the Middle East (above) 'We will do everything we can to stop you if you do try.' The two brothers who were stopped earlier this month were aged 16 and 17. The siblings were south-west Sydney and were reportedly brought home by their mother after being detained. Authorities' suspicions were aroused after the two had booked flights to an unidentified country in the Middle East and their luggage was searched. The latest teenager to be caught were trying to fly to the Middle East like notorious extremists Khaled Sharrouf and Mohamed Elomar . Mohamed Elomar (above) has caused a stir on social media after posting photos of him with weapons and severed heads . Meanwhile Khaled Sharrouf made international headlines after he posted photos of his children posing with guns . The above photograph is Sharrouf posing with his children in front of an Islamic State flag and rifles . They were stopped on the night of March 6, Mr Dutton said at the time of the revelation. Their parents were unaware of their plans to travel to the Middle East. The brothers were later issued court attendance notices. Under the new Foreign Fighters Act, customs officers are allowed to detain people where the officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that the person is intending to commit a Commonwealth offence or is a threat to national security or the security of a foreign country. Sydney jihadists Mohamed Elomar, Khaled Sharrouf, and teenager Abdullah Elmir - dubbed the Ginger Jihadist - are so far the most high profile Australians to have travelled to the Middle East to fight with Islamic State. Elmir, a former Condell Park High student, was filmed on the banks of the River Tigris in Iraq last October. While Elomar and Sharrouf have appeared regularly in Islamic State videos. One of which included a beheading of a prisoner. | Third teenager has been caught trying to flee Australia to join Islamic State . He attempted to board a plane to the Middle East two days in a row . Authorities cancelled his passport after first attempt, detaining him after second before returning him to his family, but authorities are investigating . It comes after two brothers attempted the same thing earlier this month . So far, 200 Australians have been stopped from joining Middle East conflict . |
Please list all of Taylor Swift's albums, the year each one was released, and the genre of the album if it is mentioned, according to the paragraph I give. | Taylor Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Her genre-spanning discography, songwriting and artistic reinventions have received critical praise and wide media coverage. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville at age 14 to become a country artist. She signed a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in 2004 and a recording contract with Big Machine Records in 2005. Her 2006 self-titled debut album made her the first female country singer to write a U.S. platinum-certified album.
Swift's next albums, Fearless (2008) and Speak Now (2010), explored country pop. The former's "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me" were the first country songs to top the U.S. pop and all-genre airplay charts, respectively. She experimented with rock and electronic styles on Red (2012), which featured her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", and eschewed her country image in her synth-pop album, 1989 (2014), supported by chart-topping songs "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Media scrutiny inspired the urban-flavored Reputation (2017) and its number-one single "Look What You Made Me Do".
Exiting Big Machine, Swift signed with Republic Records in 2018 and released her seventh studio album, Lover (2019), followed by the autobiographical documentary Miss Americana (2020). She ventured into indie folk and alternative rock in her 2020 albums Folklore and Evermore, whose singles "Cardigan" and "Willow" topped the Hot 100. Swift began re-recording her first six albums after a dispute over their masters, re-releasing two in 2021—Fearless (Taylor's Version) and Red (Taylor's Version). The latter's "All Too Well (10 Minute Version)" became the longest song to top the Hot 100. Her 2022 album Midnights and single "Anti-Hero" broke all-time streaming records. Swift has directed music videos and films, such as All Too Well: The Short Film (2021), and played supporting roles in others.
Having sold over 200 million records globally, Swift is one of the best-selling musicians in history. She is the most streamed woman on Spotify, and the only act to have five albums open with over one million copies sold in the US. Among her accolades are 12 Grammy Awards, including three Album of the Year wins; an Emmy Award; 40 American Music Awards; 29 Billboard Music Awards; three IFPI Global Recording Artist of the Year awards; and 92 Guinness World Records. Swift has been featured in rankings such as Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time, Billboard's Greatest of All Time Artists, the Time 100 and Forbes Celebrity 100. Honored with titles such as Artist of the Decade and Woman of the Decade, Swift is an advocate for artists' rights and women's empowerment. Her music is credited with influencing a generation of singer-songwriters. | Here is the list in the format of "album name: (year released) genre":
Taylor Swift: (2006) country
Fearless (2008): country pop
Speak Now (2010): country pop
Red (2012): rock and electronic
1989 (2014): synth-pop
Reputation (2017): urban
Lover (2019): not mentioned
folklore (2020): indie folk and alternative rock
evermore (2020): alternative rock |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Tigerair flight from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore was delayed on Thursday after flight attendants were thought to have spotted a severed finger on board. While cleaning the plane, a crew member found what was believed to be a human finger and immediately alerted airport security. Upon inspection, it turned out that the finger was not actually severed at all, but a prosthetic. A Tigerair flight was delayed on Thursday after what was thought to be a severed finger was found on board . However, the incident was alarming enough to delay the aircraft for two hours on the runway in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. 'The flight was delayed as airport authorities carried out checks when a prosthetic finger was discovered on board during a routine transit cabin inspection,' a Tigerair spokesperson told MailOnline Travel. The airline also said that the flight did eventually arrive safely in Singapore at 8:28pm on Thursday, two hours and 20 minutes behind schedule. 'The matter has been handed over to the Malaysian authorities for investigation and follow up,' the spokesperson added. | A Tigerair flight from Kuala Lumpur to Signapore was delayed on Thursday . While cleaning, cabin crew found what they thought was a severed finger . Airport security was alerted, but it turned out to simply be a prosthetic . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A medieval man, who may have been a knight, died from injuries sustained from jousting, marks on his skeleton suggest. The remains were found at Hereford Cathedral and show signs of injury to the right shoulder as well as fractured ribs. Experts said the wounds are all consistent with injuries that are sustained through tourney or jousting. Did he ride in shining armour? A medieval man who is believed to be a knight, may have died from injuries sustained from jousting, marks found on this skeleton (pictured) suggest . Jousting involved two or more knights on horseback fighting with lances and was used in medieval times to practice battle skills and settle disputes. Archaeologists were excavating the remains at the Heritage Lottery-funded project between 2009 and 2011 – but investigations are still ongoing into some of the more unusual skeletons, including that of the knight. They have all been uncovered at the Cathedral, which was built in the early 12th Century and forms a Norman centre piece to the Historic City of Hereford on the banks of the River Wye. The knight was laid to rest in a partial stone lined burial, which was popular in the area between 1100 and 1300 – the late medieval period. The skeleton has many fractures to the ribs and right shoulder, some of which have healed and others have not, indicating they were caused on numerous occasions. The bones were found at Hereford Cathedral and show signs of injury to the right shoulder as well as fractured ribs (pictured far left) which experts say are consistent with jousting . The knight suffered an unusual twisting break to his left lower leg, so perhaps suffered a blow to his right torso and came off his horse while his left foot remained in the stirrup, causing his leg to twist. A modern recreation of a joust is pictured . Archaeologists were excavating the remains at the Heritage Lottery-funded project at Hereford Cathedral (marked on the map) between 2009 and 2011 – but investigations are still ongoing into some of the more unusual skeletons, including that of the knight . They suggest that the man did not recover from the wounds when he died, aged approximately 45. There is even a chance that his injuries may have caused his demise. The knight suffered an unusual twisting break to his left lower leg, so perhaps suffered a blow to his right torso and came off his horse while his left foot remained in the stirrup, causing his leg to twist. This is another injury that is consistent with jousting, according to experts at Headland Archaeology, based in Edinburgh. Jousting began with the emergence of the knights as warriors in the 10th century. Tournaments were organised as a way for them to practice their horsemanship and lance skills. A Frenchman called Godfrey de Preuilly is said to have arranged the first tournament in 1066,LordsandLadies.org reported. After the Normans conquered the English at the Battle of Hastings, they divided up land among themselves and set up the medieval feudal system, in which everyone owed allegiance to the King and also the nobles. Andy Boucher, said: '...there is a considerable amount of evidence suggesting this man was involved in some form of violent activity and the locations of his injuries do match quite closely what might be expected from taking part in mock battles.' A 13th century manuscript depicting a joust is shown . Nobles provided trained knights to fight for the king and tournaments were devised so they could practice their skills in vicious mock battles. These took the form of a line of knights facing each other on horseback in full armour, who began the 'lance charge'. The dangerous gatherings were banned by Henry II to prevent injuries to valuable fighters. But his son, Richard I, relaxed the rules and granted licenses to hold jousting tournaments. The original tournaments saw large numbers of knights fighting as individuals or teams, on horse and foot. The fights were treated as real battles – some resulted in death and some losers were ransomed. But in 1292, a new rule decreed that weapons should be blunted and the 'lance of peace' with a decorative tip was rolled out. Sometimes disputes were settled by jousting and the victor was seen to have God on his side and was therefore not guilty. In Tudor times, jousting was merged with magnificent pageants and state occasions, such as for the marriage of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, and they were still popular during Elizabeth I's reign. The sport declined with the invention of the musket in 1520 and became a form of entertainment only. The knight was laid to rest in a partial stone lined burial, which was popular in the area between 1100 and 1300 – the early medieval period. Experts believe that the man had not recovered from his latest wounds when he died, at approximately 45 years old . Archaeologists were excavating the remains at Hereford Cathedral (stock image) between 2009 and 2011 – but investigations are still ongoing into some of the more unusual skeletons, including that of the knight . The skeleton has many fractures to the ribs (pictured) and right shoulder, some of which have healed and others have not, indicating they were caused on numerous occasions . Andy Boucher who managed the post excavation work, said: 'Obviously we can never be sure how people came about their wounds, but in this case there is a considerable amount of evidence suggesting this man was involved in some form of violent activity and the locations of his injuries do match quite closely what might be expected from taking part in mock battles. ‘The fact that he was still doing this after he was 45 suggests he must have been very tough'. Analysis of the knight’s teeth suggest he had been brought up in Normandy and moved to Hereford in later life. Some 700 individuals were unearthed at the site, offering glimpses of life, disease, accident and injury from the Norman Conquest until Victorian times. Among the remains are one of a leper and a mysterious lady with a severed hand, leading some archaeologists to hypothesise she may have been a thief. | Skeleton was unearthed at Hereford Cathedral with hundreds of others . It's thought to date to the early medieval period, from 1100 and 1300 . It shows signs of injury to the right shoulder as well as fractured ribs . Experts say wounds are all consistent with injuries sustained in jousting . Some are unhealed, suggesting the knight may have died from injuries . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | High streets were given a helping hand yesterday as George Osborne (pictured) announced a ‘wide-ranging review’ into crippling business rates . High streets were given a helping hand yesterday as George Osborne announced a ‘wide-ranging review’ into crippling business rates. Introduced in Elizabethan times, the tax is accused of pushing independent shops out of business by charging punishingly high rates. High street retailers claim it places them at a disadvantage to online rivals because it is only charged on ‘bricks and mortar’. Business rates are forecast to raise £22.4billion in England in 2014-15, from 1.8million non-domestic properties. But the Chancellor announced a review into the controversial levy, saying ‘you cannot create jobs without successful businesses’. ‘In my opinion, the current system of business rates has not kept pace with the needs of a modern economy and changes to our town centres,’ he said. ‘It needs far-reaching reform.’ Business rates are currently calculated according to the rental value of the property a company uses. But this is based on prices from 2008, the height of the property boom, which do not take into account the effect of the recession. The system also means some small shops on busy high streets pay very high rates, while online giants such as Amazon, with large warehouses in cheaper locations, pay less. Tax expert Richard Rose, of BDO accountants, said the review launch was ‘welcome but long overdue’, adding that ‘any benefits of change are unlikely to filter through until well into the next Parliament’. ‘It will, therefore, be a watching brief for some time yet, which will offer little respite for mid-market retailers who continue to feel the pain of rates set in 2008.’ Scroll down for video . 'Now the Budget's out of the way we can focus on serious issues like who's going to host top gear' Jules Winstanley, 51, who will pay £15,000 in business rates for her two clothing boutiques, in Bath and Teddington, south-west London, urged the review to radically reduce rates for small businesses. ‘We need a resurgence of help for independent shops so that we can compete fairly with the big boys,’ she added. ‘It is so expensive to have bricks and mortar and, if we don’t protect them … we will lose that service and face-to-face contact that you will never get online.’ Rain Newton-Smith, of the Confederation of British Industry, said the smallest businesses should be removed from the rates. The review began on Monday and retailers and organisations will be invited to give their opinions. But shops hoping for a large tax cut could be disappointed, as ministers have already warned any changes are likely to be ‘fiscally neutral’, meaning the Treasury would still generate the same amount of tax. Joanna Elson, of the Money Advice Trust said it was ‘crucial’ that the review considers how the rates system can ‘better support small business owners who are struggling’. Last year, MPs on the Business, Innovation and Skills Committee suggested the business rates system should be ‘based on sales rather than the rateable value of a property’. A raft of measures were unveiled to appeal to young workers. The national minimum wage will increase by 20p an hour to £6.70 from October. This represents the largest increase, when adjusted for inflation, in almost ten years. The hourly rate for apprentices will also go up by a record 57p to £3.30 an hour. This will result in an annual salary rise of over £1,000 for a full-time apprentice and benefit 67,000 young people. The Government said this would ensure that ‘those undertaking this important type of training are rewarded’. Employers’ National Insurance contributions will also be abolished for under-21s from next month, and for young apprentices from April 2016. This will encourage more businesses to hire young workers. Budget documents revealed that more than two million people have started apprenticeships under the current Government. In the last year, the highest ever number of students from disadvantaged backgrounds also applied to, and were accepted into, university. George Osborne promised income-contingent loans of up to £25,000 for UK students studying for PhDs and research-based master’s degrees. Sir Peter Lampl, chairman of The Sutton Trust, said: ‘The plans should improve the chances of low and middle income graduates taking on research master’s and doctoral courses which have become the preserve of better off students.’ Helen Dickinson, of the British Retail Consortium welcomed the boost for young workers. She said: ‘Over one million of the three million people who work in retail are under 24. ‘The abolition of national insurance contributions for under-21s will allow retailers of all sizes to create new job opportunities. ‘The industry also employs almost 20 per cent of the UK’s apprentices and abolishing national insurance contributions will make it easier and more cost-effective to employ and train them.’ Charlotte Balbier, 34, (pictured above) is a wedding dress designer who pays £28,000 in business rates per year. She welcomed the Government’s review of the rates, which she said should be lowered to keep small businesses thriving. The designer, of Heald Green, near Stockport, started her business in 2003 and stocks 40 shops across Europe. She has seen business rates rise steadily. The rates affect her own showroom, which occupies two floors of an office block, but also the shops on the high street which she relies upon to stock her dresses. ‘I would like to see lower business rates and less red tape,’ she said. ‘We supply 350 stores … and they are the shops on the high street who could really stand to benefit from a reduction in rates.’ £143-a-year tax break for 4.6million who work for themselves . The self-employed were given a £143-a-year tax break yesterday. The Chancellor announced the Government would axe a £2.75-a-week national insurance contribution (NIC) ‘in the next Parliament’, for the 4.6million who work for themselves. But it emerged the tax break could be a sweetener before a huge shake-up of NI, which funds benefits such as the State pension and maternity leave. The small print of the Budget revealed ministers were planning a ‘contributory benefit test’ – suggesting the self-employed may soon have to pay more for benefits such as the State pension. They usually pay two types of NIC – class 2, a weekly charge if profits are more than £5,885 a year, and class 4, an annual charge if profits are over £7,956. Mr Osborne made no mention of the new ‘test’ in his speech, saying only that he would be scrapping the unpopular class 2 NIC. The self-employed will continue to pay class 4, which is charged at either 2 or 9 per cent of profits depending on earnings. The class 2 tax, while not enormous, was seen as an administrative burden to pay weekly. Joanna Elson, of the Money Advice Trust, said: ‘The scrapping of class 2 NICs will provide welcome relief for the self-employed, at least in the short term. ‘What this means for their level of pension and welfare entitlement in the long-term, however, needs to be examined.’ The self-employed traditionally pay less national insurance because they receive less in benefits, including the second State pension, sick pay and holiday pay. But, from April 2015, everyone will receive a flat-rate State pension irrelevant of contributions – which could put the self-employed at an unfair advantage. Ros Altmann, the Government’s older workers adviser, said yesterday: ‘It is possible the Government could off-set the tax break by asking [the self-employed] to contribute more towards the flat-rate State pension.’ | Chancellor has announced a 'wide-ranging review' into business rates . Tax is accused of pushing independent shops out of business . High street retailers claim it places them at a disadvantage to online rivals . Business rates are forecast to raise £22.4billion in England in 2014-15 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Months after being labeled 'soft' by one of Australia's cricket greats and being dropped from Australia's test XI, Mitchell Starc has been deservedly voted the player of the World Cup. Starc's worth to the Australian team was never more evident than when he dismissed New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum in the first over of Sunday's final. The New Zealand innings never fully recovered and Australia went on to claim an emphatic seven-wicket victory. Few could have predicted the impact Starc would make at this tournament back in December when the left-arm swing bowler returned figures of 2-110 in the second Test against India in Brisbane, leading Shane Warne to describe Starc's body language as 'soft.' Australia seam bowler Mitchell Starc has been named man of the tournament at the Cricket World Cup . Starc celebrates after taking the wicket of New Zealand batsman Brendon McCullum in the final . The Australia team celebrate with the trophy after being crowned world champions in Melbourne . The 25-year-old Starc was subsequently dropped for the Boxing Day Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the same venue where on Sunday he was named player of the tournament after using a new-found aggression to snare 22 wickets throughout the World Cup. 'I've worked really hard at it for a number of months now with (bowling coach) Craig McDermott in the background,' Starc said. 'A few series ago we sat down and found out a little plan and to see that come to fruition has been phenomenal.' He said his game-changing dismissal of McCullum off just the fifth ball of the final was part luck and part planning. Shane Warne, who had dismissed Starc as 'soft' before the tournament, poses with captain Michael Clarke . 'There was a lot of luck involved I think, but it was a little plan that Craig and I had going a couple of days ago,' he said. 'Brendon has been really fantastic through the whole tournament so I think there was a lot of luck involved. I'm just happy to get that one.' After a tournament notable for batting performances - including two double centuries, and teams regularly passing 300 runs, it was fitting that one of the few bowlers able to consistently make life difficult for the batsmen to win the coveted award. 'It was an amazing tournament and some outstanding performances,' Starc said. 'New Zealand has been a great team throughout the tournament and even set the benchmark, but I think we came hard today and (that) really led to this performance.' McCullum shakes hands with Clarke as Australia seal a seven wicket victory against New Zealand . | Australia beat New Zealand by seven wickets to win Cricket World Cup . Left-handed seamer Mitchell Starc was named player of the tournament . Legend Shane Warne had dismissed bowler as 'soft' before the start . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Italy's top football teams voted to give Parma a 5million euro (£3.7m) emergency fund to help the club finish the season. Sixteen of the 20 clubs in Serie A voted in favour of the measure on Friday. Roma, Napoli and Sassuolo abstained, and only Cesena voted against the move. The measure means last-place Parma should be able to play Atalanta on Sunday, after their previous two matches - at home with Udinese and at Genoa - were postponed indefinitely because the club couldn't pay for basic services such as security and electricity. Parma have an illustrious history, however the club are in dire straits financially and could go out of business . The gates at the stadium were locked as Parma's second match in a row was postponed last weekend . A banner on the locked gates said the Ennio Tardini stadium was ‘Closed for robbery’ Parma have been sold twice this season, players have not been paid in months and a bankruptcy hearing has been set for March 19. The club's debts are estimated at nearly 100 million euros (£72m). The emergency fund will come from money that clubs pay to the league for fines from crowd trouble and other violations. After the league decision in Milan, Italian football federation president Carlo Tavecchio was traveling to Parma to formally present the plan to the squad's players. The plan requires Parma to play its next two matches before the bankruptcy hearing. Parma captain Alessandro Lucarelli and his club team-mates have not been paid since July . Earlier, Italy's tax police confiscated records related to Parma from club headquarters and the league and federation offices. Also, former Parma president Tommaso Ghirardi and former general director Pietro Leonardi were placed under investigation by judicial authorities for suspected bankruptcy fraud. Last month, Giampietro Manenti took over as Parma's new owner and president from the Russian-Cypriot conglomerate which had taken control in December from Ghirardi. Agreeing to pay off the club's debts, Manenti paid a symbolic price of 1 euro (0.72p) for the club. Hernan Crespo, now a youth team coach at the Italian club, used to play for them and he fears for the future . | Sixteen of the current 20 Serie A clubs have voted in favour of measure . Roma, Napoli and Sassuolo decided against making a vote . Cesena were the only top-flight Italian side to vote against move . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former Wigan and Hull second rower Danny Tickle, who has missed only two games since joining Widnes, will be out for at least a month after being told he needs to undergo groin surgery. The goal-kicking forward played in 30 of the Vikings' 32 league and cup matches in 2014 and has been an ever-present so far this season but will sit out Thursday's trip to Salford and will not be back until after Easter. 'Danny has been carrying the injury for the last few weeks,' Widnes coach Denis Betts said. 'It's been affecting the way he's performed. Danny Tickle will be out for at least a month for Widnes Vikings after carrying groin injury for a few weeks . 'He's toughed it out but we need to look at him and do what's best for him. 'It's a huge blow for us because he's been fantastic for the last two years but we've been nurturing him along and now it's time to bite the bullet.' Widnes also be without Tickle's second-row partner Danny Galea for the game against the Red Devils after he was concussed in Sunday's 20-16 win over Hull KR, while winger Patrick Ah Van is out for an indefinite period after failing to recover from a head knock. Goal-kicking forward Tickle has missed just two matches since joining the Vikings in 2014 . 'Patrick has got some concussion issues at the moment,' Betts said. 'We're just being really smart with him. 'He got hit on the head in a game and had a bit of delayed concussion. His symptons have kept resurfacing when he's been putting the effort into training so, under medical advice, we've had to step him back and take our time with him. 'At the moment he's in some kind of sabbatical. He's sat at home waiting for his symptons to calm down. We're monitoring him almost daily. 'When he's ready to go, he'll have to go through six or seven days of training before he's allowed to be up for selection. That's in the medical people's hands.' | Second rower Danny Tickle played with injury for 'the last few weeks' Has now conceded he needs surgery and will be out for at least a month . Tickle has missed just two games since joining the club in 2014 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Baghdad, Iraq (CNN)Joint Iraqi forces now have control of Tikrit Military Hospital as they continue their offensive to liberate the city from ISIS. The joint forces raised the Iraqi flag from the hospital premises Wednesday as they continued their offensive into the city from four sides, the Hashd Al-Shaabi paramilitary force said. The predominantly Shia militia has been working with Iraqi troops as well as Sunni fighters to try to regain Tikrit from ISIS. The hospital is a few blocks south of the presidential palace. Tikrit, best known to Westerners as the birthplace of former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, fell in June to ISIS, which has captured large areas of Iraq and Syria for what it says is its Islamic caliphate. On March 1, Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi ordered Iraqi forces to retake Tikrit and Salahuddin province. ISIS wasn't making it easy, however. The Sunni extremist group blew up a key bridge near Tikrit, preventing the joint Iraqi forces from using it to cross the Tigris River to approach the city from the east. Nevertheless, forces have made progress, forcing ISIS fighters to retreat toward the city center from frontline positions, Hashd Al-Shaabi's media office said. There have been several failed attempts to recapture Tikrit since the second half of 2014. If Iraq regains control of the city, it could mean that retaking Mosul -- a city 10 times bigger -- is possible. The Tikrit offensive involves around 30,000 fighters. Also assisting is Iran, which has provided advisers, weapons and ammunition to the Iraqi government. According to the Pentagon, Iranians may be operating heavy artillery and rocket launchers as well. Gen. Martin Dempsey, chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, told a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on Wednesday that the consensus was that Iran's involvement was positive in military terms. "Anything anyone does to counter ISIS is in the main a good outcome," he said. But at the same time, Dempsey said, the United States is concerned about what role Iran might seek in the longer term once ISIS is defeated. While Iraqi forces piled the pressure on ISIS in Tikrit, the Sunni extremist group continued to flex its muscles in Iraq's western Anbar province. ISIS launched a new offensive on the city of Ramadi, west of Baghdad, on Wednesday morning, Faleh al-Issawi, the deputy head of the Anbar Provincial Council, said in a statement. The city is being attacked "from all directions," with ISIS firing more than 150 mortar rounds and rockets toward it, he said. Some 17 explosives-laden vehicles have been detonated at various security checkpoints and in the city center, he said. One vehicle targeted a bridge that provides access to the city from the north. This is "the fiercest attack by ISIS" seen on Ramadi, al-Issawi said. Iraqi forces have imposed a curfew on the city. Al-Issawi said the Iraqi air force was urgently needed. "We need air cover to repel these attacks but did not see the Iraqi air force do anything -- we only saw one airstrike by the coalition hitting one target," he said. Officials believe "this is an ISIS response to the Tikrit operation that is ongoing in the north," he added. He said there had been 10 casualties among Iraqi forces in the area but did not specify how many were killed and how many injured. In the 24 hours from Tuesday to Wednesday morning, there were 13 airstrikes in Iraq and two in Syria, the U.S.-led coalition against ISIS said in a statement. The strikes in Iraq were concentrated near Mosul, Al Qaim and Falluja. There were none in the Tikrit or Ramadi areas. Elsewhere in Anbar province, Iraqi security forces have managed to wrest back most of the town of Karma from ISIS, said Sabah Al-Karhout, the head of the Anbar Provincial Council. Al-Karhout, speaking to CNN by telephone, said 80% of Karma, about 10 miles (16 kilometers) northeast of Falluja, was now under the control of Iraqi security forces after a large-scale operation that started Tuesday at dawn. Dozens of ISIS militants were killed in clashes with Iraqi soldiers, he said. The second phase of the operation is to clear any remnants of the ISIS force from the town and to remove any mines and bombs left behind. Iraqi security forces were fighting side by side with Shia Hashd Al-Shaabi units and local tribesmen, Al-Karhout said. Health officials in Falluja told CNN that the Falluja general hospital received the bodies of 25 ISIS militants killed in the Karma battle. ISIS is also battling in many places far from Tikrit, including Syria, where the militant group is more on the offensive, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), a London-based nongovernmental organization. "Hundreds of ISIS militants launched a large scale offensive on Ras al Ayn, a Syrian strategic border town with Turkey on Friday," SOHR said in a statement Wednesday. "They made some advances there and seized Tal Khanzir." Clashes are still ongoing between the Kurdish People's Protection Units (Kurdish YPG) and ISIS fighters, with dozens killed from both sides, SOHR said. CNN's Kareem Khadder reported from Baghdad, and Laura Smith-Spark wrote in London. CNN's Mohammed Tawfeeq, Jamie Crawford and Azadeh Ansari contributed to this report. | A major offensive by Iraqi forces to retake Tikrit was launched just over a week ago . ISIS forces are retreating toward the center of Tikrit . ISIS has launched a major assault on the city of Ramadi, an official says . |
Based on the provided text, what technology rendered Extended ASCII obsolete? | Extended ASCII is a repertoire of character encodings that include (most of) the original 96 ASCII character set, plus up to 128 additional characters. There is no formal definition of "extended ASCII", and even use of the term is sometimes criticized, because it can be mistakenly interpreted to mean that the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) had updated its ANSI X3.4-1986 standard to include more characters, or that the term identifies a single unambiguous encoding, neither of which is the case.
The ISO standard ISO 8859 was the first international standard to formalize a (limited) expansion of the ASCII character set: of the many language variants it encoded, ISO 8859-1 ("ISO Latin 1") – which supports most Western European languages – is best known in the West. There are many other extended ASCII encodings (more than 220 DOS and Windows codepages). EBCDIC ("the other" major character code) likewise developed many extended variants (more than 186 EBCDIC codepages) over the decades.
The technology has largely been rendered technically obsolete by Unicode, which has code points for all the characters encoded in the various attempts to extend ASCII. All modern operating systems use this technology. Nevertheless, the topic remains important in the history of computing. | Unicode rendered extended ASCII obsolete. |
given the following text, tell me the most popular method for training multi-layer perceptrons today and explain how it works | Today, the most popular method for training multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) is back-propagation. The terminology "back-propagating errors" was introduced in 1962 by Frank Rosenblatt, but he did not know how to implement this, although Henry J. Kelley had a continuous precursor of backpropagation already in 1960 in the context of control theory. Modern backpropagation is actually Seppo Linnainmaa's general reverse mode of automatic differentiation (1970) for discrete connected networks of nested differentiable functions. It is an efficient application of the chain rule (derived by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1673) to networks of differentiable nodes. In 1982, Paul Werbos applied backpropagation to MLPs in the way that has become standard. In 1985, David E. Rumelhart et al. published an experimental analysis of the technique. Many improvements have been implemented in subsequent decades.
During backpropagation, the output values are compared with the correct answer to compute the value of some predefined error-function. The error is then fed back through the network. Using this information, the algorithm adjusts the weights of each connection in order to reduce the value of the error function by some small amount. After repeating this process for a sufficiently large number of training cycles, the network will usually converge to some state where the error of the calculations is small. In this case, one would say that the network has learned a certain target function. To adjust weights properly, one applies a general method for non-linear optimization that is called gradient descent, due to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847. For this, the network calculates the derivative of the error function with respect to the network weights, and changes the weights such that the error decreases (thus going downhill on the surface of the error function). For this reason, back-propagation can only be applied on networks with differentiable activation functions. | Today, the most popular method for training multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) is back-propagation. During backpropagation, the output values are compared with the correct answer to compute the value of some predefined error-function. The error is then fed back through the network. Using this information, the algorithm adjusts the weights of each connection in order to reduce the value of the error function by a small amount. After repeating this process for a sufficiently large number of training cycles, the network will usually converge to a state where the error of the calculations is small. In this case, one would say that the network has learned a certain target function |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It is a common problem for airlines, ferries and cruise ships - how do you make passengers pay attention to the safety briefing? Condor Ferries believes it has found the solution, producing a video complete with a rapping captain and dancing staff that certainly attracts attention. Doing away with the monotone yet informative messages usually portrayed in safety briefings, the Portsmouth-based company said it wanted to inject some 'fun' into this year's offering. But not everybody is a fan, with some commentators saying they would prefer to jump overboard than listen to the song. The captain introduces the rap for a very different safety demonstration . Condor Ferries have produced the safety rap as part of their 'Good Times' branding . Slightly out of sync and with some incredibly cringeworthy dance moves, the video seems to have done the trick and has already been viewed nearly 20,000 times since it was posted on YouTube several days ago. The video begins with a captain sporting blue sunglasses and some questionable moves as he announces: 'To ensure you have good times on board, please listen up to the following safety message from Condor Ferries.' It's soon time for the crew to get involved as they raise their hands in the air singing, 'life jackets, life jackets, they're right beneath your seat.' The pair then instruct those watching how to operate the life jacket. 'It clips together so easily just listen for the click,' sings the female. 'That means you've done it properly and you look so very hip.' That may be a matter of opinion. The steward raps how to fix the life jacket on and blow the whistle, all out of sync . All you have to do is just 'listen for the click' says the stewardess, and that means you've done it right . The male then takes the lead when notifying of where the emergency exits are, complete with some cringeworthy dance moves that involve bouncing on the spot and hilarious hand signals. But it only gets worse. It's back to the captain, as he comes into shot singing 'now ladies, hey ladies,' while making what can only be described as an 'uncomfortable' facial expression. However, rather than flirting, he is simply advising that 'sharp objects can't go on our slides, so leave those heels behind.' The steward then bounces on the spot and uses amusing hand gestures to warn of the emergency exits . The emergency slide is then shown, at least in graphic form, as the stewardess demonstrates how, well, to slide down it. The video then uses graphics to show how the staff can help passengers from wheeling their luggage, to using a resuscitator and defibrillator, as 'you name it, we have it.' The star of the show then comes back, the captain, as he sings: 'So who would have thought that the Condor could bust out such good rhymes?' The video is being broadcast on all sailings between Poole and the Channel Islands. He's back! The captain then makes a somewhat unnerving re-appearance as he warns ladies not use heels down the emergency slides . The idea was conceived and produced by Bournemouth-based Walker Agency, working closely with the Condor Ferries safety, marine operations and marketing teams. Alicia Andrews, executive director – commercial at Condor Ferries, said: 'We're really proud of the new safety video, it's been a very fun project to work on, and we're delighted with the results. 'Our brief was simple, we wanted something a little bit different, something that our passengers would sit up and take notice of, and which would appeal to all members of the family. We think that the rap, with the Good Times messaging does just that. The stewardess demonstrates how passengers would use the emergency slide... not too difficult . 'Ferry travel is very family-friendly, there are no restrictions on the amount of luggage you can bring – you can pack everything in to your car, and off you go. 'We hope that our passengers, whether they are frequent travellers or joining us for the first time this summer will enjoy the video and their Good Times experience onboard Condor Liberation as we set sail to Jersey and Guernsey.' However the video has been met with less-than positive comments by users on YouTube, where it has been hosted. The staff are there to help with passengers' every need, according to the safety video . Liam Gilheany wrote: 'I want to pour lava into my ears,' while James Lund added: 'I'd want to jump into the harbour if this is for real.' Nathan Thomas is somewhat dubious as to the authenticity of the captain writing: 'I hope they keep a look out for fishing boats better - now they seem to have employed a stripper as a captain.' Condor are believed to be the first ferry operator to produce an onboard safety video to feature a rap. The release has coincided with the launch of its brand new state-of-the-art Condor Liberation with a new mission statement of 'Good Times.' The video has been met with pleasure by senior executives at Condor Ferries . | Hilarious and out-of-sync video shows a captain and two members of staff . Trio run through the safety aspects of ferry travel with a 'rap' Video has been ridiculed by viewers online, with one saying they would 'jump in the harbour if this is for real' Is part of Condor's new #GoodTimes campaign and branding exercise . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea will be forced to pay over £30million to lure Inter Milan striker Mauro Icardi to Stamford Bridge if they follow up their interest in the prolific Argentine. That's according to Inter's sporting director Piero Ausilio, who claims the Italian club would not sell the 22-year-old if they received a big money bid this summer. Premier League leaders Chelsea and Manchester United have both watched the former Sampdoria man, who has 14 goals in 24 Serie A games. Inter Milan striker Mauro Icardi (left) has been watched by Chelsea and Manchester United this season . Sporting director Piero Ausilio insists Inter would reject bids of £30million for their star striker Icardi . 'What if someone bids €40m (£30m) for him in the summer?,' Ausilio told Sky Sport. 'Well we've got no intention of doing business, we're thinking of the present and future of this football club with Icardi. 'Our intentions are clear. We're building a team to last for a long time with very talented, young players. 'As well as Mateo Kovacic and Icardi, we've added more quality players such as Marcelo Brozovic and Xherdan Shaqiri and we want to continue in this vein.' Icardi couldn't find the back of the net as Inter fell to a 1-0 defeat at home to Fiorentina on Sunday . Ausilio claims that Icardi is on the verge of signing a new contract at Inter, the club he joined back in 2013 . Ausilio also confirmed that Icardi is close to signing a new contract at the San Siro, giving the club more power when it comes to keeping him out of the clutches of Premier League clubs. Ausilio added: 'I was with his (Icardi's) agent until a few minutes ago, we're coming close to an agreement. Icardi will remain with us for much longer. 'Tomorrow (Tuesday) we will have another meeting, during which will a draft contract will be signed, before official deal, that will happen very soon.' | Manchester United and Chelsea have watched Mauro Icardi in action . The striker has netted 14 goals in 24 Serie A games this season . Piero Ausilio claims the Argentine is close to agreeing a new contract . Inter would reject bids of £30m this summer, according to Ausilio . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Michel Platini has raised the spectre of the Heysel disaster and warned of a growing issue of hooligans and political fanatics taking control in football stadiums in Europe. The UEFA president, who was on the pitch for Juventus at the European Cup final in Brussels 30 years ago when 39 people - mainly from the Italian club - died after rioting Liverpool fans charged Juve supporters causing a wall to collapse. Platini has called for tougher stadium bans and a European-wide sports police force. Speaking at the UEFA Congress in Vienna, Platini said: 'Europe is seeing a rise in nationalism and extremism the like of which we have not witnessed for a very long time. Michel Platini wants to see a European sports police force introduced to prevent football hooliganism . 'This insidious trend can also be observed in our stadiums, as football is a reflection of society. Given its popularity, our sport is a barometer for the ills of our continent. And that barometer is pointing to some worrying developments. 'I therefore renew my call for greater awareness of this issue among the public authorities, so that we can avoid reliving the dark days of a not-so-distant past - a past where hooligans and all manner of fanatics called the shots in certain European stadiums. 'In recent months, we have all been struck by certain images that I thought were a thing of the past. Some of us experienced that past at first hand. In my case, it was exactly 30 years ago ... Nobody wants a repeat of such events. The Heysel disaster took place in 1985 during European Cup Final between Juventus and Liverpool . 39 fans were killed when they were crushed to death when Liverpool fans breached the neutral area . Most of the fatalities were Juventus fans and Platini wants to avoid any future incidents like this . 'We need tougher stadium bans at European level and - I will say it again - the creation of a European sports police force.' Platini also appeared to have a veiled dig at Sepp Blatter for deciding to run for a fifth term as FIFA president despite having said at the UEFA Congress four years ago that his fourth term would be his last. Blatter then described himself as the 'captain of the ship in troubled waters bringing in back on the right route'. The Italian, who is himself being re-elected unopposed for a third term, told UEFA delegates: 'I regard myself as a simple team-mate - at most your captain. But not the captain of a ship that is being battered by a storm.' Dynamo Kiev fans clash with riot police during mass fighting in the Olympiyski Stadium in the Europa League . Kiev's players were forced to step in and try to calm their fans down which forced the match to be halted . Sept Blatter is preparing to run for a fifth term despite saying that his current one would be his last . Platini's printed speech included the words 'clinging to the helm for dear life' but he dropped that line when he delivered the speech, saying only: 'No. I am simply the captain of a winning team - one that wins because it boasts 54 talented presidents and general secretaries who are prepared to play for each other.' In his speech to the Congress on Tuesday, Blatter made no reference to standing again for FIFA president but once again urged football to resist calls to boycott to the 2018 World Cup in Russia due to its involvement in the civil war in Ukraine. Blatter said: 'Football shall be united, sport shall be united when it comes to boycotts because boycott has never given any results. We have to pay attention to political interference's. The autonomy of sport must be guaranteed.' Platini has experienced first hand football hooliganism when he was on the pitch for the Heysel disaster . | Michel Platini wants to create a 'European sports police force' in the future . In the light of recent crowd trouble the UEFA president wants to avoid a repeat of the 'Heysel disaster' while he was playing for Juventus . Platini also seemed to a have a dig at FIFA president Sept Blatter . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Stoke City forward Jonathan Walters has sent out a warning to any players thinking of spitting at him, saying that culprits will be 'eating through a straw'. Manchester United's Jonny Evans and Papiss Cisse of Newcastle United were involved in an incident that saw both appear to spit at each other on Wednesday night, and were both charged by the FA on Thursday. But if any other Barclays Premier League players are planning on spitting, they would be well advised to keep it away from Walters. Jonathan Walters warned anyone spitting at him would be 'drinking through a straw' after the recent incident . Jonny Evans appears to launch spit in the direction of the floored Newcastle United striker on Wednesday . Papiss Cisse subsequently retaliates, and appears to aim spit of his own, back at the Manchester United man . 'As a player you take anything off the ball; pinches and kicks that are meant to wind you up,' Walters told talkSPORT. 'Little things like that go on in any match. 'But spitting is pretty low. If it happened to me and someone spat at my face or towards me then I think he'd be eating his supper through a straw that night. 'I wouldn't be that happy. It's the lowest of the low.' Cisse apolgised for his actions and accepted his FA charge on Thursday, resulting in a seven-game ban - six for spitting and one extra after a violent conduct earlier in the season. Evans, meanwhile, denied he had spat at Cisse and has until 6pm on Friday to respond to the FA charge. If found guilty he will be banned for six games. Walters celebrates with Mame Biram Diouf and Steven Nzonzi after the former scores against Everton . | Papiss Cisse and Jonny Evans appeared to spit at each other . Stoke's Jonathan Walters says the alleged act is the 'lowest of the low' He warns anyone who tries to spit at him will be 'eating through a straw' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Joe and Anthony Russo, who directed "Captain America: The Winter Soldier" and will return for "Captain America: Civil War," are cementing themselves as Marvel's main movie executors. The brothers will direct both parts of the studio's "Avengers: Infinity War," taking over the billion-dollar franchise from Joss Whedon, who directed the first two Avengers films. (The second one, "Avengers: Age of Ultron," opens May 1.) They'll film "Infinity War" in one long shoot beginning sometime in 2016, sources tell The Hollywood Reporter. Marvel's 'Secret Wars:' What newcomers need to know . No writers are attached, but the brothers will likely reunite with "Winter Soldier's" Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely. They collaborated on "Civil War," which the Russos will begin shooting next month. The new deal raises the question of the status of the Russos' deal with Sony. The duo signed a three-year first-look deal with the Culver City-based studio in March. Working on an Avengers movie is an all-consuming endeavor, so how active they will be within that deal remains to be seen. How Superman, Wonder Woman and Batman have changed their looks through the years . "Civil War," for which the brothers are in preproduction and which is considered to be a mini-Avengers movie because of the large cast of heroes, has a May 6, 2016, release date. "Infinity War - Part 1" and "Infinity War - Part 2" are slated to be released May 4, 2018, and May 3, 2019, respectively. The "Infinity" get is a massive feather in the duo's caps and marks the latest in an incredible career trajectory. The Russos began in television comedy, directing episodes of "Arrested Development" in the early to mid-2000s, and continued to work in the field in 2012 with "Happy Endings" and "Up All Night." It was their work on some of the geeky episodes of "Community," however, that led to "Winter Soldier," a movie that grossed $717.7 million worldwide. With Marvel deal, Sony opts to lease rather than sell Spider-Man . Badass Digest first reported that the deal was closing. The Russos are represented by WME and Jackoway Tyerman. ©2015 The Hollywood Reporter. All rights reserved. | Joss Whedon stepping aside as director for upcoming "Avengers" sequels . "Captain America" sequel directors the Russo brothers will take the reins of "Avengers: Infinity War" Sequels will be released in two parts . |
Is Horsfieldia nervos a plant or animal? | Horsfieldia nervosa is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sarawak. | plant |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester City are pressing ahead in their interest for Wolfsburg's Kevin de Bruyne. The Bundesliga side want to keep the Belgium international for at least one more season as they plan a crack at the Champions League next year. However, City, Bayern Munich and Paris St Germain are all interested in signing him this summer. Manchester City are pressing ahead with a deal for Wolfsburg playmaker Kevin de Bruyne . De Bruyne has been in fine form for club and country this season and is rated at £40m . De Bruyne celebrates with Marouane Fellaini (c) and Radja Nainggolan after a goal against Cyprus . De Bruyne’s agent Patrick de Koster has hinted it would take a bid close to £40million for Wolfsburg to consider selling. Talking last week he said: ‘Clubs who are ready to bid 30million euros for Kevin have no sense of reality. A player like Kevin has a market value of some €50million, €55m or even €60m by now.’ De Bruyne, 23, cost Wolfsburg £16.7m when he signed in January 2014 from Chelsea and has scored 14 goals for his club this season. City defender Aleksandar Kolarov has admitted he’s tempted by a return to Italy after starting just 11 Premier League games this season. The 29-year-old Serb, who cost £16m from Lazio in 2010, fuelled the speculation while praising the job compatriot Sinisa Mihajlovic has done as manager of third-placed Sampdoria. He told Sky Italia: ‘I’d like to return to Italy, but it’s difficult. ‘I’m happy for Mihajlovic. He’s doing very well, as are Lazio.’ De Bruyne, who signed for Wolfsburg in January 2014, chats with team-mate Andre Schurrle against Mainz . De Bruyne is a former Chelsea youngster but never got a real chance to impress at Stamford Bridge . Meanwhile, Yaya Toure has suggested he may be about to step away from international football, after claiming ‘my target is done’. Toure captained the Ivory Coast to glory in this winter’s Africa Cup of Nations, their first major trophy in over two decades, and could now follow his brother Kolo in retiring after suggesting that the Elephants’ new generation should be allowed to flourish. ‘My future?’ he said. ‘You have to wait. Now, my target is done. The time of the youngsters will come soon. We need to let them. ‘It’s always beautiful when everything is going in the right way. I’m delighted with the trophy of 2015. Now I will wait a couple of days before we decide my future.’ | Kevin de Bruyne has been in fine form for Wolfsburg in the Bundesliga . Manchester City, Bayern Munich and Paris St Germain interested . City's director of football Txiki Begiristain reported to have met entourage . De Bruyne, a former Chelsea youngster, is rated at £40m by his agent . |
How did Jon Rahm win the Farmers Insurance Open? | In late January 2017, Rahm won the Farmers Insurance Open with a 60-foot eagle putt on the final hole to notch his maiden PGA Tour title. He jumped from 137th to 46th in the Official World Golf Ranking with the win, and also gained entry into the Masters Tournament, The Players Championship, the PGA Championship, and World Golf Championships events. On 2 March, Rahm played in his first World Golf Championships event at the WGC-Mexico Championship where he shot rounds of 67-70-67-68 (−12) to finish T3, two strokes behind winner Dustin Johnson. | a 60-foot eagle putt on the final hole |
Who is Scarlett Johansson | Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (/dʒoʊˈhænsən/; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. | Scarlett Ingrid Johansson, born November 22, 1984, is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Newly released al Qaeda documents, including letters to and from Osama bin Laden in the year or so before his May 2011 death, show an organization that understood it had severe problems resulting from the CIA drone program that was killing many of the group's leaders in Pakistan's tribal regions bordering Afghanistan. As a result of this pressure, al Qaeda officials were seriously considering relocating elements of the organization to other countries such as Afghanistan or Iran. They also entered into ceasefire discussions through intermediaries with elements of Pakistan's intelligence service, ISI, although the documents suggest that nothing came of these discussions and there is no evidence in the documents indicating that the Pakistani government had any clue about bin Laden's location or presence in Pakistan. CIA efforts to spy on the group and kill its leaders were so effective that in June 2010 an al Qaeda official urged bin Laden, "You should have fewer exchanges of correspondence with us during this period. Make the period between contacts longer and further apart. Take excessive caution and care, especially this year." This was wise counsel. Within a few weeks of this letter being written, the CIA would track bin Laden's trusted courier to his longtime hideout in Abbottabad, Pakistan, and on May 1, 2011, a U.S. Navy SEAL operation ordered by President Barack Obama killed al Qaeda's leader. The new al Qaeda documents are part of a trove of many thousands that the SEALs recovered at bin Laden's compound. Several were released during the Brooklyn trial last month of al Qaeda operative Abid Naseer. Seventeen of these documents had also been released around the first anniversary of bin Laden's death. It's long past time for the government to release more of these thousands of captured documents -- with any necessary redactions for national security purposes -- as they help us to understand better what precipitated the decline and fall of the terrorist group that once dominated the attention of the world, just as ISIS does today. The documents show how al Qaeda's 9/11 operation unleashed so much force against it, including the CIA drone program, that it had to hide in the shadows and couldn't pull off any successful operation in the West for many years before the death of bin Laden. The documents demonstrate that almost a decade after 9/11 al Qaeda was struggling to get any kind of operation going against Western targets. In a report on "external operations," an al Qaeda official explained that a plot to attack the U.S. Embassy in Russia had fizzled and that despite sending al Qaeda members to the UK to hit "several targets" these operations had also come to nothing. Al Qaeda had also sent "three brothers" on a terrorist mission to Denmark, a country that bin Laden loathed because of the publication by a Danish newspaper of cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed, but had "lost contact with them." Given all the problems the group was having, an al Qaeda strategist suggested refocusing efforts on carrying out terrorist attacks using the "simplest things such as
household knives, gas tanks, fuel, diesel and others like airplanes, trains and cars as
killing tools." 2011: U.S. offers details about bin Laden raid . A major theme of the documents is how much punishment the CIA drone program was inflicting on al Qaeda. Al Qaeda officials considered moving to Nuristan, a remote mountainous region of eastern Afghanistan, or to other parts of Pakistan such as Sindh or Balochistan and even to Iran, which had been a key sanctuary for a number of al Qaeda's leaders after the fall of the Taliban in late 2001. Al Qaeda mulled opening an office in Iran, but "we backed off this idea due to financial costs and other considerations." In a letter to bin Laden, an al Qaeda official provided a vivid description of the death by drone of Mustafa Yazid, then the No. 3 leader of the group, on the night of May 22, 2010. The al Qaeda official wrote that Yazid was staying at the house of a "well-known" supporter of al Qaeda when a drone started making "distinctive loops that we all know and all the brothers have experienced. They all know that if a plane starts doing these turns, it is going to strike." Yazid and his wife and three daughters and granddaughter were all killed in the drone strike, according to the official. The official lamented that drones are "still circling our skies every day" and the only relief from them came when weather conditions worsened and there was cloud cover. The official wrote but "then they come back when the sky is clear." Al Qaeda had tried to use jamming technology and to hack into the drones "but no result so far," according to the al Qaeda official. Underlining al Qaeda's weakness, during the summer of 2010 the group was contemplating some kind of ceasefire with the Pakistani government and had entered into negotiations with it via intermediaries to explain that al Qaeda's battle was "primarily against the Americans. You became part of the battle when you sided with the Americans. If you were to leave us and our affairs alone, we would leave you alone." Highlights of bin Laden documents released in 2012 . The documents show that such a ceasefire was purely tactical rather than the beginning of some kind of rapprochement between al Qaeda and the Pakistanis. At one point an al Qaeda official referred to "bin Laden's call to jihad against the apostate government of Pakistan." Apostasy is a grave crime in Islam and punishable by death in the eyes of members of al Qaeda. According to the documents, Pakistani intelligence officials "reached out to" al Qaeda through longtime jihadist sympathizers who had formerly held positions in the Pakistani intelligence agency, ISI, as well as the leaders of militant groups such as the Haqqani Taliban faction that have contacts with the ISI. The documents suggest that nothing came of these discussions, and there is no evidence in them that the Pakistanis had any idea that bin Laden was in Pakistan or indeed was even alive. Bergen in 2013: Bin Laden's life on the run . Moreover during the course of reporting the book "Manhunt," about the CIA's long search for bin Laden, I spoke to several senior U.S. officials who said that the U.S. intelligence community was covertly monitoring the communications of Pakistani army chief Ashfaq Parvez Kayani and ISI director Ahmed Shuja Pasha the night of the bin Laden raid and they were both surprised about him being in Abbottabad. The documents did show one area of real success for al Qaeda, which was kidnapping for ransom, a tactic ISIS has been using so effectively. In 2008, al Qaeda had captured Afghanistan's former ambassador to Pakistan, Abdul Khaliq Farahi. After two years of negotiations he was exchanged for $5 million. An al Qaeda official told bin Laden that some of this money would be a "gift" to him "from all the brothers." Bin Laden cautioned al Qaeda's leaders to be careful with the ransom money, as it might have to last the terrorist group several years. The documents show that al Qaeda's leaders were in contact with Tayeb Agha, a close aide to Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar. Agha has met with U.S. officials on a number of occasions to discuss peace negotiations. 2011: How U.S. forces killed Osama bin Laden . Far from the image of the isolated man in the cave that was prevalent before he was killed, the documents portray bin Laden as a hands-on manager of al Qaeda. In a 10-page letter that bin Laden wrote in August 2010, he had reams of advice for the al Qaeda-aligned group Al-Shabaab in Somalia, ordering that the group not attack Sufi Muslims in Somalia and also suggesting a plan to assassinate the President of neighboring Uganda who had sent his troops to fight Al-Shabaab. Bin Laden gave detailed notes about how Al-Shabaab could raise its agricultural output by using small dams for irrigation, and he suggested planting palm olive trees imported from Indonesia. He also advised Al-Shabaab against cutting down too many trees because it is "dangerous for the environment of the region." Bin Laden had lived in nearby Sudan in the mid-'90s, establishing a number of business and farming enterprises. Bin Laden, something of a micromanager, told his top lieutenant to "send us the resumes of all the brothers who may be nominated now or in the future for important management positions." He also cautioned against sending any emails, including even encrypted ones, urging that hand-delivered letters were the only safe method of communication. Bergen on 2012 documents: Seized documents show delusional leader and micromanager . Bin Laden also ordered that some of the tens of thousands of documents leaked by U.S. Army Pvt. Bradley Manning to WikiLeaks in 2010 be translated so that al Qaeda could better understand "the enemy's policies in the region." And he suggested that his lieutenants reach out to Ahmed Zaidan, an Al Jazeera reporter based in Pakistan who had interviewed bin Laden in the past, so that he could have plenty of time to prepare a report to mark the 10th anniversary of 9/11. Bin Laden said he didn't want Zaidan to interview any members of his family, but he told his team to get in touch with the reporter "promptly" to get a sense of the questions he wanted bin Laden to answer. Bin Laden was killed four months before the 10th anniversary of 9/11. As the new al Qaeda documents make clear he died knowing that his dream of another terrorism spectacular in the West was just that: a dream. And the organization that he had founded was in deep trouble because of the CIA drone program. Note: An earlier version of this article incorrectly said bin Laden had lived in Somalia. | New documents show al Qaeda's desperate straits in Osama bin Laden's final years . Peter Bergen: Drone program took severe toll; terror group unable to mount major operation . |
Where is Dutch spoken? | Dutch is an official language of the Netherlands proper, Belgium, Suriname, the Dutch Caribbean municipalities (St. Eustatius, Saba and Bonaire), Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Dutch is also an official language of several international organisations, such as the European Union, Union of South American Nations and the Caribbean Community. At an academic level, Dutch is taught in about 175 universities in 40 countries. About 15,000 students worldwide study Dutch at university.
In Europe, most of the population of the Netherlands (where it is the only official language spoken countrywide) and about 60% of the population of Belgium (as one of three official languages) speak Dutch. Outside the Low Countries, Dutch is the native language of the majority of the population of the South American country of Suriname, a former Dutch colony, where it also holds an official status, as it does in the Caribbean island countries of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, which are constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Up to half a million native speakers reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined,[n 3] and historical linguistic minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France, Germany and Indonesia.[n 4] | Dutch is mostly spoken in The Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname, where it is an official language. In addition, it is taught across 40 other countries around the world. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lunch with Jack Nicklaus last Sunday and dinner with Arnold Palmer on Thursday night. Rory McIlroy is certainly mixing with the right company as he finalises his preparations for his tilt at the career Grand Slam at the Masters next month. Not just the greats of this sport, either. While on a two-day trip to Augusta last week, the Northern Irishman hit the gym at 6am — and was joined shortly afterwards by Super Bowl-winning quarterbacks Tom Brady and Peyton Manning. ‘When they came in it was my cue to walk out,’ said McIlroy, smiling. ‘When you think it’s their off-season, it was quite something to see their dedication. They’re both in their late 30s and it emphasised their determination to prolong their careers.’ Rory McIlroy greets fans while walking to the ninth tee during a pro-am at the Arnold Palmer Invitational . Amazing what a pep trip to Augusta can do for a man — that, and a long weekend practice session with his long-time coach, Michael Bannon. When last seen at the Cadillac Championship at Doral 10 days ago McIlroy cut a dispirited figure as he completed the second of two disappointing tournaments in Florida. Here at Bay Hill, on the eve of his first appearance at the Arnold Palmer Invitational, there was a spring to his stride once more. ‘I certainly feel a lot better about my game than I did at Doral,’ he said. ‘And I think this course sets up well for me. Practising the last two days has left me ruing the fact I haven’t played here in the past.’ McIlroy watches his tee shot on the ninth hole during a pro-am Arnold Palmer Invitational tournament . The accent was clearly on relaxation rather than reconnaissance when McIlroy took his dad Gerry, a former scratch handicap player himself, up to Augusta last Thursday. ‘I think it gave him an appreciation of what it takes to play the course off the back tees,’ said Rory. ‘He’s always asking me why I did this and that when I come off the course. Now I think he knows what we go through.’ McIlroy was coy when asked about his score, noting merely that he played well on the first day. Which probably means a 64 or 65. This is his last scheduled tournament before the Masters in three weeks and, in the absence of eight-time winner Tiger Woods, the local community is certainly glad he’s here. McIlroy looks over a shot during the pro-am round prior to the Arnold Palmer Invitational . McIlroy slaps hands with a young fan, while walking between holes in Orlando . McIlroy plays a shot at the Bay Hill Club and Lodge in Orlando during the pro-am . ‘Welcome Rory,’ proclaims a huge sign hanging from a house near the 18th green. ‘It was very nice of them to do that and it summed up the reception I’ve had since I’ve arrived,’ said the 25-year-old. McIlroy begins on Thursday in a belter of a threeball alongside good friend Rickie Fowler and another of Augusta’s highly-fancied players — gifted Australian Jason Day. Also in the field are world No 3 Henrik Stenson and Adam Scott, and among the British and Irish contingent are Ian Poulter, Graeme McDowell, Paul Casey, Danny Willett and Padraig Harrington. McIlroy has scheduled the Arnold Palmer Invitational as his last event before the Masters in three weeks . As for that talk with the Golden Bear, McIlroy was asking about pin placements on certain greens when Nicklaus said: ‘Never forget, Rory — if you’re in doubt, the middle of the green is never a bad place to be at Augusta.’ For a player who has certainly been guilty of playing too aggressively on occasion in the past that might prove the most sage piece of advice of all. | Rory McIlroy is preparing for tilt at the career Grand Slam at the Masters . The golfer has certainly been hanging around with winners in recent days . McIlroy enjoyed lunch and dinner with Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer . He also met Super Bowl-winning duo Tom Brady and Peyton Manning . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A man has been fired from his job as a 'hospitality ambassador' in California after video surfaced that appeared to show him beating up a homeless man. A male and female employee, dressed in neon shirts and baseball hats, began arguing with the two homeless men before the worker hit the man across the face behind a CVS store in Berkeley on March 20. The ambassador continued to attack while the homeless man was curled in a ball on the ground. Then, as the two men packed up their belongings to leave, he pinned the other against the wall by the throat. YouTube.com . The two 'hospitality ambassadors' confronted two homeless men in downtown Berkeley, California . The 'ambassador' was caught on camera swinging a powerful punch which floor the homeless man . As the man's dog leapt around in panic, the city worker continued to beat the homeless man while he lay on the ground in a ball . Berkeley's ambassador program is coordinated through the Downtown Berkeley Association, a non-profit group. Downtown Berkeley Association CEO John Caner apologized for the incident and said the man was fired on Thursday after a video of the beating was posted online. He said a second 'hospitality ambassador' who witnessed the beating and did nothing to stop it has been suspended. The names of both ambassadors have not been released. Mr Caner told Berkeleyside.com: 'It’s clearly totally unacceptable. We apologize to (the victim) and to the community. 'This is clearly so out of the realm of acceptable behavior and totally contrary to all of the training provided to ambassadors.' The San Francisco Chronicle reported that the homeless man who was assaulted was later arrested by police on suspicion of assault and making criminal threats based on a report by the ambassadors. The ambassadors' purpose is to create a more welcoming environment for residents and visitors. The two ambassadors hassled the homeless men until they gathered up their belongings and moved along . However the man could not resist taking one final swing at the vagrant - pinning him up against the wall . | The city ambassador in Berkeley, California was fired on Thursday after video of him emerged beating a homeless man . The attack took place behind a CVS store on March 20 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)There are two main ways visitors to Ho Chi Minh City cross the streets. One approach is to step with zen-like calm into the swirl of honking scooters and serenely stride across the road without breaking step. Like locals, they're part of the flow, part of the (exhaust-choked) stream of traffic. The other is to stand anxiously on the edge of the curb, toes curled like a diver's, waiting for a non-existent stoplight, then plunge into the melee while letting out a small yelp before slaloming across the street like a demented Frogger. Some, like Steve Mueller, would question why cross the road at all. If you can't beat them, join them. Which is what the South Carolinian did -- he now runs the city's Vietnam Vespa Adventures. It's a tour company that provides two-wheel thrills on the Italian vintage scooters, Vespa, around Ho Chi Minh City, out into the Mekong Delta and beyond. Being on a scooter in Ho Chi Minh is the best way to feel a part of the city, says Mueller. "It's really an authentic experience," he says. "Being side by side with the locals." Day tours take in popular sights like the Opera House and central post office designed by Gustav Eiffel, but also stop at local eateries and offbeat locations. One popular early morning pit stop is Tao Dan park where Ho Chi Minh City's bird fanciers puff themselves up like their caged pets in a display of tweeting one-upmanship. Unfortunately/thankfully, you're not the one driving. All the mopeds are driven by local, experienced drivers who have no problem with the swarm of vehicles on the roads. A local tour guide rides along, too, to add context to the sights, smells and sounds experienced from the back of a two-stroke motor. Mueller took a circuitous route to setting up the company. After traveling around Southeast Asia in 1997 he settled in Vietnam the following year and discovered a glut of classic Italian scooters that needed a bit of TLC. He bought his first one after just three days in the country and spying an opportunity to tap into international Vespa enthusiasts' desire for authentic rides, set up a restoration and export business. It became so successful he was in danger of putting himself out of a job, so in 2006 he decided to start a tour company offering multi-day tours outside of Ho Chi Minh City. According to Mueller, his business was kick-started by Vietnam's appearance on the TV program "Top Gear," which showed the country's beautiful countryside and underused roads. Longer trips are still offered by Vespa Tours, taking willing riders as far as the Vietnam Highlands and the coastal city of Nha Trang over seven days. Most of the scooters in Mueller's garage hark back to the golden age of Vespas, the late '60s and 1970s, refurbished with replacement parts from Piaggio-licensed machinists in India. True to their reputation, the 100 or so classic scooters owned by Vespa Adventures break down frequently -- mechanics are on hand for running repairs -- but Mueller believes its all part of the charm in a city where two wheels beats two legs. Vietnam Vespa Adventures, 169a De Tham, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; +84 12 2299 3585/ +84 9 3850 0997 . | American Steve Mueller started a tour company in Ho Chi Minh City offering tours on Vespa . Mueller says it's the best way to see the city and beyond, riding side by side with locals . Scooters are driven by experienced local drivers with tour guide and mechanic accompanying each tour . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England under 19s made the perfect start to their European Championship qualifying campaign as they twice came from behind to beat Denmark 3-2 on Thursday night. Sean O'Driscoll's Young Lions trailed twice, to goals from Marcus Ingvartsen and Robert Skov, but hit back through Izzy Brown, Demarai Gray and Ashley Smith-Brown to claim an important win. England are in an Elite Round mini-group with Denmark, Azerbaijan and France as they bid to reach the Under 19 European Championship finals in Greece in July. Manchester City's Ashley Smith-Brown scored the winner as England's under 19s beat Denmark . With only the group winners qualifying for the tournament, it was imperative England started with a positive result in Bayeux, northern France and they did in a topsy-turvy game that saw both sides finish with 10 men. Having scored 15 goals in three matches against Belgium, Luxembourg and Belarus to breeze through the preliminary qualifying phase, England knew this week's fixture would represent a step up in quality. And they were rocked when Denmark took the lead just six minutes in - after the England defence failed to deal with a long throw-in, Ingvartsen was there to poke the ball home at the back post. England responded by seizing control of possession, but it was the half-hour mark before they equalised. Chelsea midfielder Ruben Loftus-Cheek threaded a ball through to club-mate Brown and, brushing aside two Denmark defenders, he slotted the ball past goalkeeper Daniel Iversen. Brown came within inches of putting England in front soon after, but his powerful strike from 20 yards cannoned back off the crossbar. Izzy Brown, seen here playing for Chelsea in the FA Youth Cup, scored England's first goal . And when Fulham star Patrick Roberts teed up Loftus-Cheek, his shot was cleared off the line by Stefan Gartenmann. Given their dominance, it was frustrating that Denmark took the lead again four minutes before half-time. After a well-worked move, Skov found space just outside the box and fired past goalkeeper Angus Gunn into the far corner. To their credit, England responded immediately and it was 2-2 at the pause. Roberts swung in a free-kick from the right and Gray, the Birmingham City player, flicked in at the near post. After the excitement of the opening 45 minutes, the game entered a lull after the break before exploding to life again in the decisive final 10 minutes. Man City defender Smith-Brown collected the ball wide right, cut inside and fired home a missile from 20 yards that crashed in off the underside of the bar. The game ended with England's Harry Winks receiving a second yellow card and Denmark's Jeppe Hansen also dismissed for a bad tackle on Charlie Colkett. England's second qualifier is against Azerbaijan on Saturday. Sean O'Driscoll's team now play Azerbaijan and France in their other European Championship qualifiers . England (4-3-3): Angus Gunn (Manchester City); Ashley Smith-Brown (Manchester City), Ben Chilwell (Leicester City), Harry Winks (Tottenham Hotspur), Brendan Galloway (Everton); Joe Gomez (Charlton Athletic), Patrick Roberts (Fulham), Ruben Loftus-Cheek (Chelsea);Izzy Brown (C; Chelsea), Charlie Colkett (Chelsea), Demarai Gray (Birmingham City). Substitution: Ola Aina (Chelsea) for Roberts 87 . Substitutes not used: Freddie Woodman (Newcastle United), Lewis Cook (Leeds United), Bradley Fewster (Middlesbrough), Alex Kiwomya (Chelsea), Aaron Kuhl (Reading), Robert Dickie (Reading) Scorers: Brown 33; Gray 44; Smith-Brown 82 . Booked: Winks 58 . Sent off: Winks 87 . Head coach: Sean O’Driscoll . Denmark: Daniel Iversen, Magnus Pedersen, Stefan Gartenmann, Joachim Anderson (C), Mads Pedersen, Jens Thomasen, Marcus Ingvartsen, Jannik Pohl, Jeppe Hansen, Robert Skov, Rezan CorlU . Substitution: Jonas Gemmer for Corlu 58 . Substitutes not used: Sebastian John, Marco Lund, Marcus Mathisen, Mikkel Duelund, Casper Olesen . Scorers: Ingvartsen 6; Skov 41 . Booked: Corlu 14, Anderson 44, Hansen 67 . Sent off: Jansen 83 . Head coach: Bent Christensen . Referee: Marco Guida (ITA) OTHER QUALIFYING RESULT . France 2 Azerbaijan 0 . | England claimed crucial win in first European Championship qualifier . They twice fell behind to Denmark but rallied to win match 3-2 . Chelsea's Brown, Birmingham's Gray and Man City's Smith-Brown scored . Young Lions also face Azerbaijan and France in qualifying group . Group winners will reach finals in Greece in July . |
How did Washington become a state? | Washington, officially the State of Washington and often referred to as Washington state to distinguish it from the USA's capital, Washington, D.C., is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. Named for George Washington—the first U.S. president—the state was formed from the western part of the Washington Territory, which was ceded by the British Empire in 1846, by the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute. The state is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, Oregon to the south, Idaho to the east, and the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital; the state's largest city is Seattle. | Washington became the 42nd state of the United States of America in 1889. The United States Congress passed an act enabling the territories of Washington, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana to seek statehood. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Ashley Judd is taking on Twitter trolls, who she says make social media an unsafe space with violent threats. Her vow to fight online harassment came after she says she was attacked for expressing an unpopular opinion about a basketball game on Twitter. Judd, a diehard Kentucky Wildcats fan who regularly attends March Madness games, told MSNBC that her tweet to the effect of "I think Arkansas is playing dirty" was met with vile language and sexually charged threats. Judd retweeted messages that are too explicit to include here. "Everyone needs to take personal responsibility for what they write and not allowing this misinterpretation and shaming culture on social media to persist," Judd said. "And by the way I'm pressing charges." The actor, who is also an advocate for women's rights, added: "The amount of gender violence that I experience is absolutely extraordinary, and a significant part of my day today will be spent filing police reports at home about gender violence that's directed at me on social media." Twitter, trolls and sports collided recently in another high-profile social media fight involving former Major League Baseball pitcher Curt Schilling. Schilling had congratulated his daughter on joining her new college's softball team in a tweet that was met with sexually menacing replies. He tracked down some of the men who sent inappropriate tweets, resulting in one reportedly being fired from his part-time job with the New York Yankees. Twitter CEO Dick Costolo has admitted the company has a less than stellar track record for cracking down on abusive tweets. "We suck at dealing with abuse and trolls on the platform and we've sucked at it for years," Costolo wrote in a February memo. He told employees that he was embarrassed and took "personal responsibility" for the company's failure to address abuse. Costolo said he was committed to addressing the issue. This month the company updated its terms of service to directly combat so-called "revenge porn" that is posted to the site. Revenge porn is sexually explicit material posted online without the consent of one or more participants. Just today, the company debuted a new feature it says will make the process of reporting abusive tweets to law enforcement more seamless. The site will now email a report that can be shared with law enforcement after a user reports an abusive tweet. "While we take threats of violence seriously and will suspend responsible accounts when appropriate, we strongly recommend contacting your local law enforcement if you're concerned about your physical safety," Twitter says. David Goldman contributed to this report. | Ashley Judd says she was attacked by Twitter trolls after a critical tweet about basketball . Judd, an actor and women's rights advocate, has vowed to press charges . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The extreme and potentially lethal game of Russian roulette has been reinvented with Taser guns taking the place of the previously used live ammunition. The updated version of the game was founded by Valeriy Eshenko, and is rapidly growing in popularity in the Russian city of Perm. Modelled on the original game, Valeriy’s version features Tasers with an amperage of 0.1W being used in the first round raising to 0.4W used in the last. Scroll down for video . The updated version of the game was founded in Russia and is rapidly growing in popularity in the city of Perm . Competitors stand in a circle of six and hold the Tasers to the hands, heads and necks of their fellow participants. They then twist the barrel, which holds a single cartridge, and pull the trigger to produce an electric shock. If a competitor winces then they are theatrically dead and out of the game. The Tasers that feature in the video are made from pneumatic gas pistols with real electro revolvers. Competitors twist the barrel of their guns in order to produce an electric shock and if someone winces they are theatrically dead and out of the game . The Tasers that feature in the video have are made from pneumatic gas pistols with real electro revolvers . Andrey Vejevitov, who can be seen participating in the game, says: ‘What does it feel like? It is a spasm, a muscle reduction. It is practically impossible to resist [reacting].’ Competitors aged between 18 and 40 are able to take part and are required to pay 200 roubles (around £2.20) for the experience. And if they are able to resist the urge to flinch under the increasing pain they could win a prize fund of 311342.50 roubles (around £3,400). The power of the Tasers raise with each progressing round from 0.1W in the first to 0.4W in the last . Michael Pashkov, another participant featured in the video, says: ‘I wanted to get an adrenaline rush and test myself. ‘I have never taken part in such games but I do extreme power [work outs] so I would like to get extreme here too. ‘I suppose that this game is very extreme and checks your male characteristics, staying power and of course your luck.’ Competitors stand in a circle of six in each round and hold the Taser guns to the hands, heads and necks of their fellow participants . The origins of Russian roulette are unclear, but one theory is that it started in the nineteenth century when Russian prison guards forced inmates to play. The term itself was invented by Georges Surdez who coined it in a short story of the same name published in Collier's magazine in 1937. A revolver, specifically a Russian Nagant M1895, is said by folklore to be a popular gun used in the infamous game. Competitors aged between 18 and 40 are able to compete for a chance to win a prize fund of 311342.50 roubles (around £3,400) | The updated version of the game is growing in popularity in Perm, Russia . Game was reinvented by Valeriy Eshenko and features 0.1W to 0.4W Tasers . Competitors hold guns against their competitor's hands, heads and necks . Participants compete in sixes and are deemed 'dead' if they wince in pain . Game costs about £2.20 to play and a prize fund of near £3,400 can be won . |
What train is the GB Class 2 | GB Class 2 was a series of two trams and two trailers built by Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk for Graakalbanen of Trondheim, Norway.
Each of the four Siemens motors had an effect of 60 kW (80 hp). There were two compartments, both with four-abreast seating, with reversible seats. Despite running in part in city streets, the trams were 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) wide. They had seating for 40 passengers.
The trams were ordered in 1941, and a single set of tram and trailer was delivered in May 1940. Not until 1947 were to additional trailers delivered. In 1950, the second motor was delivered from Siemens, and the first trailer could be rebuilt to a tram. The trams remained in service until 1973 when they were replaced by the TS Class 7 trams, following the merger of Graakalbanen into Trondheim Trafikkselskap, and the subsequent reorganizing of routes, so the Gråkallen Line was operated onwards along the Lademoen Line. No. 5 is preserved as a heritage tram at Trondheim Tramway Museum, while no. 6 was scrapped in 1983. | The GB Class 2 was a series of two trams and two trailers built by Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk for Graakalbanen of Trondheim, Norway.
Each of the four Siemens motors had an effect of 60 kW (80 hp). There were two compartments, both with four-abreast seating, with reversible seats. Despite running in part in city streets, the trams were 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) wide. They had seating for 40 passengers. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Golden beaches and grand hotels can all be found in Mauritius, but there is much more to this island paradise. The country, located some 500 miles east of Madagascar, has been attracting global investors for decades. But there is also a healthy local appetite for business development -- one of the many reasons the country has been hailed as an African success story. One company demonstrating this entrepreneurial drive is fresh food suppliers SKC Surat. "My father Sooklall Surat, started as a farmer with one hectare of land," says Suren Surat, who is now CEO of the company his father founded sixty years ago. "The land was next to our house, where we lived. My father was the first grower at that time, the pioneer for growing strawberries and artichokes in Mauritius." Suren Surat has been part of the company from the beginning. The family had enough offspring to start a cricket squad, but the team dedicated its efforts towards business success. As a kid, Surat would get up early to help his father on the small farm before going to school. "Whatever he was growing, people were coming to buy in our garden, wholesale...So my father decided to go retail," Surat remembers. Shift to retail . The family's first stall was in Curepipe market in the country's highest town. It was here, not far from the famous extinct volcanic crater "Trou aux Cerfs", that the family business started to really grow. Lychees, pineapple and mangoes all bloom in Mauritius' tropical climate, but the weather stops oranges, apples, and plums from sprouting. When Sooklall Surat started importing foreign fruit, others followed suit. Import/Export . Sooklall's brother Shyam focused on selling fresh produce from abroad, attracting customers with foreign tastes. He built a busy operation, but the fast flow of goods didn't stop the family monitoring the fruits and vegetables. "We say you need to be able to talk to the fresh produce -- this is the success of the business," says Suren Surat. 'Work is work' Estimates say the Mauritian economy grew by 3.5% in 2014 and will top 4% in 2015 -- impressive statistics in a country which the World Bank says does a better job of supporting business than Japan, France and Spain. In such a competitive market, guts, good relations and hard work are essential. Suren says that the business keeps the family together, with different members taking control of areas like import and distribution. "We've seen many local companies, Mauritius companies, who are family business who split," says Suren Surat. "But luckily I have to say our grandparents, our mother, father have taught us how to manage." The company's next leaders will have to do more than manage the fresh produce. Recently, the family started the islands' first dairy, and is soon to open its sixth supermarket franchise. It's all part of the strategy to keep things fresh on the island that is home to over 1.3 million people. "The future is very very important," says Shyam Surat. "I would advise any people, mainly in Africa or this part of the islands, to grow more fruit and veggies. And this is the future because people have to eat." More from Marketplace Africa . Read this: Top 10: Africa's 'Cities of Opportunity' Read this: South Africa's plums blossom into big business . Editor's Note: CNN Marketplace Africa covers the macro trends impacting the region and also focuses on the continent's key industries and corporations. | Mauritius' fresh fruit and veg market leader started on a small hold farm . These days the firm's distribution center can hold 1,300 tons of fresh fruit and vegetables . The family started the islands' first dairy, and will open its sixth supermarket franchise . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | In the wake of Manchester City’s recent Barclays Premier League defeat by Liverpool, the first thing the club’s Brazilian midfielder Fernando did was seek out compatriot Philippe Coutinho. ‘I wanted to say ‘‘well done’’ to him after his winning goal,’ revealed Fernando. ‘To me, he is the best Brazilian playing in Europe at the moment.’ Elsewhere at Anfield, the criticism of the City midfield that had started after the home defeat by Barcelona four days earlier was being cranked up to the next level. Fernando admits he is finding life in the Premier League tough in his first season since moving from Porto . Fernando (right) and Fernandinho (left) attends a Disability Awareness Workshop with local kids on Thursday . Fernando says Liverpool's Philippe Coutinho, tracked by his mate Fernandinho, is the best current Europe-based Brazilian player . According to those on TV paid to know, City had lost back-to-back games simply because of failings in central midfield. Fernando played in the first game and not the second. Was he, therefore, at least partly culpable for setbacks that seem to have done so much to damage City’s aspirations at home and in the Champions League? Fernando: 'I haven’t reached my level here yet and the language is a problem' ‘It’s really hard,’ Fernando admitted on Thursday. ‘I haven’t reached my level here yet and the language is a problem. The Premier League is very challenging. ‘This season has gone OK, I think, but I’m hoping my next season will be a lot better. It was really difficult against Barcelona. We were not playing a normal team. ‘We want to get to that level but we need to learn if we are going to be successful in the Champions League. We know we can win in Barcelona. But having an attacking mentality won’t help us if we go over the top with that. Our mentality has to be right. ‘The criticism will always come if things aren’t going well. It can be aimed at the strikers or the defence and now at this time it is the midfield. It shouldn’t do but that is just what happens.’ City’s shot at European redemption comes next Wednesday at the Nou Camp. Manuel Pellegrini’s team trail 2-1 and need a huge result if they are going to become an isolated Premier League representative in the last eight. At home, City trail Chelsea in the Premier League by five points and have played a game more. On Tuesday, Fernando watched Jose Mourinho’s team exit Europe in a rather feisty game at Stamford Bridge. On a night more memorable for needle than football, it was tempting to wonder if Chelsea were beginning to show signs of frailty. The Brazilian midfielder has come under fire as part of the under-performing City midfield, but showed some skills playing sitting volleyball for school children in Manchester . Fernando, who says mentality will be the most important factor for City in their bid to turn around a 2-1 margin against Barcelona in the Champions League last-16, attempts to play football with a blindfold . Certainly Fernando revealed he could not imagine his City team-mates hounding a referee in similar fashion. He did, however, have an interesting take on why some footballers - including friends such as David Luiz, Oscar and Thiago Silva - behave the way they do. ‘It’s not something that would happen in our team,’ he told Sportsmail. ‘We are mainly a very calm team that concentrates on actually trying to win the game on the pitch. ‘We play according to whatever happens and we don’t try to change things by altering decisions and trying to influence the result that way. The 27-year-old is assisted by a girl during the appearance as part of City in the Community . ‘Every player has to hold things in. There are so many occasions when you actually want to say things but you must not. ‘At City I follow the example of people like James Milner, Joe Hart and Pablo Zabaleta. They are players who just try to play and not talk too much. ‘But you have to understand that the Champions League is a huge competition and the players were aware of that on Tuesday. ‘It was two great teams wanting to go through. ‘The players were aware of the investment each club had made so they had that pressure too. ‘The players were tense and that’s why these things happen. It’s adrenaline and tension.’ On Thursday at City’s training base, Fernando and his team-mate and fellow Brazilian Fernandinho took part in a Disability Awareness Workshop with local schoolchildren organised by the club’s City in the Community scheme. So close are the two that when Fernandinho was chosen for random doping after training, his friend waited for him before arriving to take part in the event. Fernando was also there at Anfield, of course, when Fernandinho and City captain Vincent Kompany had a rather frank exchange of views about what was going wrong. ‘In every team and every player there is a need to talk,’ he said. ‘It has to happen. It helps. We are working to improve when things are going wrong. It’s a quality and we will carry on with that. 'Fernandinho isn’t even a tiny bit upset about. It’s a story for a day and people like to talk but it means nothing to us.’ Back at home in Brazil, they are still coming to terms with their own bad news day. That came last July when the national team flunked a World Cup semi-final, losing 7-1 to Germany. Fernando watched that game in a Brazilian restaurant in Manchester and put his hands to his head at mention of it yesterday. Now 27, he has international aspirations of his own but knows he - and his country - have much to learn. Chelsea players remonstrate with referee Bjorn Kuipers as he sends of Zlatan Ibrahimovic . Fernando attempts to hold off Leicester's Esteban Cambiasso as he continues to find his feet in England . ‘It is really hard for Brazil now,’ he said. ‘We have had to learn a lesson from what happened. ‘The Germans and the Dutch have improved and we needed to realise that we have to catch up. ‘Tactically we have fallen behind. If I get called up then of course I will be extremely happy. I am focused on my performance here, though. ‘Every players needs time to get settled and get his status. This is what I am doing.’ Isaias paved the way for Brazilians in the Premier League on his signing with Coventry in 1995 . FIRST BRAZILIAN IN THE PREMIER LEAGUE (AND FIRST GOAL SCORER): . Isaias Marques Soares, aka Isaias, signed for Coventry from Benfica in the summer of 1995. The striker made only 12 appearances in two years, scoring just twice, including the first PL goal by a Brazilian against Middlesbrough on September 16, 1995. FIRST PL HAT-TRICK: Afonso Alves for Middlesbrough against Manchester City in an 8-1 romp in May 2008. FIRST TO SCORE IN AN FA CUP FINAL: Ramires for Chelsea against Liverpool in 2012. FIRST TO WIN PL TITLE: Edu with Arsenal in 2001-02. MOST PL APPEARANCES: 190 by Lucas Leiva of Liverpool. FIRST TO BE SENT OFF: Roque Junior for Leeds in September 2003. FIRST GOALKEEPER IN PL: Heurelho Gomes for Tottenham in 2008. | Fernando said he's finding the Premier League 'very challenging' Brazilian admitted the language barrier so far is proving a hindrance . He said why City would not crowd a referee like Chelsea did against PSG . Fernando joined Fernandinho for a Disability Awareness Workshop with local schoolchildren for the club’s City in the Community scheme . He said countryman Fernandinho 'isn’t a tiny bit upset about' recent exchange with Vincent Kompany which saw the captain dropped . |
What is the height of the Domtoren in Utrecht. | The Dom Tower (Cathedral Tower, Dutch: Domtoren) of Utrecht is the tallest church tower in the Netherlands, at 112.5 metres (368 feet) in height. It is considered the symbol of Utrecht. The tower was part of St. Martin's Cathedral, also known as the Dom Church, and was built between 1321 and 1382, to a design by John of Hainaut. The cathedral was never fully completed due to lack of money. Since the unfinished nave collapsed in 1674, the Dom tower has been a freestanding tower. The tower stands at the spot where the city of Utrecht originated almost 2,000 years ago.
Design and construction
The Dom Tower was one of the largest towers constructed in Europe during the fourteenth century, and it was planned to show the power of the church in Utrecht.[citation needed] Its construction led preacher Geert Groote to protest against the vanity of such an immense project, suggesting it was too tall, too expensive and all but aesthetic.
The tower consists of two square blocks, topped by a much lighter lantern. One of the most striking features is the absence of visible buttresses. Its particular shape and original architecture had a large influence on many other towers in the Netherlands, including the Martinitoren in Groningen.[citation needed] Upon completion in 1382 the tower stood 109 metres tall. However the height was increased during the restorations in 1910, to its present height of 112.5 metres.
The Dom tower was a multifunctional building. In addition to being a belfry, it contained a private chapel of the Bishop of Utrecht on the first floor. It also served as a watchtower; the tower guard was housed on the second floor of the lower square block. | The Dom Tower (Cathedral Tower, Dutch: Domtoren) of Utrecht is the tallest church tower in the Netherlands, at 112.5 metres (368 feet) in height.The Dom Tower was one of the largest towers constructed in Europe during the fourteenth century, and it was planned to show the power of the church in Utrecht. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A federal judge has ordered the Defense Department to release photos that allegedly show detainees being abused in detention centers in Iraq and Afghanistan during the Bush administration. The photos won't be made public right away. In an order issued Friday, U.S. District Judge Alvin K. Hellerstein of the Southern District of New York granted the government 60 days to appeal. The ACLU sued the Defense Department in 2003 to have the photos made public. It's not clear how many photos are involved or where the pictures were taken, but in an August opinion Hellerstein said the government acknowledged having at least 29 pictures from at least seven different locations in Afghanistan and Iraq and may have hundreds or thousands more. Some of the photos may have come from the notorious Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. In 2004, photos became public that showed American soldiers abusing Abu Ghraib detainees and putting them into humiliating sexual positions. People in the Mideast and Americans were outraged and shocked by the photos, which added to the national debate on the use of torture in the war on terror. Hellerstein said the government failed to prove its argument that releasing the photos would endanger American soldiers or civilians overseas. In July 2011, the judge blocked release of the photos at the urging of the secretary of defense because U.S. troops were still fighting in Iraq. By December 2011, most U.S. ground troops had withdrawn from Iraq, the judge wrote, and he didn't know whether release of the photos would affect military operations. "Three years is a long time in war, the news cycle and the international debate over how to respond to terrorism," he wrote. The judge also said the government failed to convince him a collective review of the photos met the requirements of the Protected National Security Documents Act. The ACLU argued the Defense Department must individually review each photo and explain why its release would put Americans in danger. Jameel Jaffer, ACLU deputy legal director, said in a statement that the photos are "the best evidence of what took place in the military's detention centers, and their disclosure would help the public better understand the implications of some of the Bush administration's policies." A response by the Pentagon to the judge's decision was not immediately available. The Pentagon has refused to release the photos requested by the ACLU, saying publication could endanger American soldiers and civilians overseas. Several U.S. military leaders who saw some of the pictures made that argument in a December 19 filing in the lawsuit. They pointed to public demonstrations in Mideast countries that followed reports of Quran burnings, the release of the video "Innocence of the Muslims" and the 2012 release of a video that showed Americans soldiers urinating on dead enemy combatants. Navy Rear Adm. Sinclair Harris of the Joint Chiefs of Staff said Islamist extremist groups like ISIS use "imagery associated with United States detention practices" as part of their recruiting efforts. The ACLU responded by saying the military leaders didn't see all the photos, just a sampling selected by an army lawyer. The ACLU also said the leaders didn't explain how the photos were "similarly inflammatory." Their prediction of anti-American violence was only speculation, the ACLU said. "To allow the government to suppress any image that might provoke someone, somewhere, to violence would be to give the government sweeping power to suppress evidence of its own agents' misconduct," Jaffer of the ACLU said. | The ACLU sued the Department of Defense in 2003 for photos of detainees in Iraq and Afghanistan . Government has said publication of the photos could endanger American soldiers and civilians overseas . |
What are the key features of a Galleon | Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships first used as armed cargo carriers by European states from the 16th to 18th centuries during the age of sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the mid-1600s. Galleons generally carried three or more masts with a lateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast and main-masts. | Galleons can be identified by the large size, multiple decks and tall masts with big sails. They typically has big raised sterns as well. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Vincent Kompany and his Manchester City team-mates were out training on Tuesday as the club captain ramped up his attempt to reclaim his place in the side. The Belgium international was dropped for City's last game - where they beat Leicester 2-0 - but will be hopeful he can return for their clash with Burnley in the Premier League on Saturday. The rest of the players looked in high spirits as they trained. Sergio Aguero and Samir Nasri could be seen laughing and joking during Manuel Pellegrini's session. Edin Dzeko, Vincent Kompany and Gael Clichy head out to training ahead of their clash with Burnley . Samir Nasri, Manuel Pellegrini, Wilfried Bony, Yaya Toure and Stevan Jovetic during training . Manchester City striker Sergio Aguero shares a joke with team-mates during a training session . Pellegrini's side have struggled in recent months, winning just four of their last 11 matches in all competitions. But the league champions will be hoping to build on last week's win when they travel to Turf Moor by winning back-to-back games for only the third time this year. City are currently five points behind table-topping Chelsea in the Premier League, although Jose Mourinho's men have a game in hand. Perhaps more worrying for City is that their dip in form since the turn of the year has allowed both Arsenal and Manchester United to gain ground on them. The Gunners are just four points behind while United trail by four. | Manchester City face Burnley in the Premier League on Saturday . Vincent Kompany was dropped for City's win against Leicester . Sergio Aguero appeared in high spirits during the session . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Hong Kong (CNN)A Canadian pastor is missing after going on a trip to North Korea in late January, his family and church say. The Rev. Hyeon Soo Lim, 60, went to North Korea on a humanitarian trip as he had done over a hundred times before, said Lisa Pak, a spokeswoman for his church, based in Mississauga, Ontario. On January 30, Lim traveled to North Korea from China with a companion from the church who last spoke with him the following day. Lim was scheduled to return February 4 from what was described as a "routine" trip to Rajin, in northeastern North Korea, where his church supports a nursery, orphanage and nursing home, according to the Light Korean Presbyterian Church. So far he has failed to show. The church has formally requested help in finding Lim from Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs, and has contacted the Swedish Embassy in Pyongyang, which provides consular help for citizens of the United States, Canada and Australia, which do not have diplomatic ties with North Korea. After not hearing from Lim, Pak said they thought he could have been caught up in North Korea's recent Ebola policy. Lim's church and family waited the 21-day incubation period that he would have been under quarantine. In October, North Korea announced it was taking "preventive measures" to "control the infection by Ebola." Tour groups to North Korea announced that the country would restrict its borders to international tourists because of concerns about Ebola. This week, tour groups indicated that North Korea may be easing its Ebola policy. Tour operators, including Koryo Tours, Young Pioneers Tours and Uri Tours, announced on their websites that the country would ease its ban on foreign tourists. Nick Bonner, Koryo Tour's co-founder and director, told CNN on Tuesday, "We're pleased to announce that today marks the first time in more than four months that tourism in North Korea begins to resume as normal." Lim's family released a statement, thanking the Canadian government for its efforts to find the pastor and asking for privacy. In 1986, Lim immigrated to Canada from South Korea with his wife and son. He speaks fluent Korean and leads a 3,000-member church. Pak, the church's spokeswoman, said she doesn't believe Lim would have engaged in any type of proselytizing, which is prohibited in North Korea. "He knows the language, he knows the nature of the government, so we don't see that as a legitimate reason that he would be detained," she said. "We don't believe that's the way he would have behaved. He's very wise about that." Previously, North Korea has detained Westerners on religious grounds. Cases include American Kenneth Bae, who was detained for two years after North Korea accused him of trying to bring down the government through religious activities. Bae was released in November. Another American, Jeffrey Fowle, was arrested after leaving a Bible at a club in North Korea and released after five months in detention. Aijalon Mahli Gomes, a U.S. citizen sentenced to eight years of hard labor and believed to be a Christian activist, was released from North Korea in 2010 after a visit to Pyongyang by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter. CNN's KJ Kwon contributed to this report from Seoul, South Korea. | Canadian pastor is reported missing by his family after a trip to North Korea . Hyeon Soo Lim, 60, speaks Korean fluently and has visited North Korea numerous times . Tour groups: North Korea is easing its Ebola policy . |
When was the first Fallout game released? | Fallout is a series of post-apocalyptic role-playing video games—and later action role-playing games—created by Interplay Entertainment. The series is set during the 21st, 22nd and 23rd centuries, and its atompunk retrofuturistic setting and art work are influenced by the post-war culture of 1950s United States, with its combination of hope for the promises of technology and the lurking fear of nuclear annihilation. A forerunner of Fallout is Wasteland, a 1988 game developed by Interplay Productions to which the series is regarded as a spiritual successor.
The series' first title, Fallout, was developed by Black Isle Studios and released in 1997, and its sequel, Fallout 2, the following year. With the tactical role-playing game Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel, development was handed to Micro Forté and 14 Degrees East. In 2004, Interplay closed Black Isle Studios, and continued to produce Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel, an action game with role-playing elements for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, without Black Isle Studios. Fallout 3, the third entry in the main series, was released in 2008 by Bethesda Softworks, and was followed by Fallout: New Vegas, developed by Obsidian Entertainment. Fallout 4 was released in 2015, and Fallout 76 released on November 14, 2018.
Bethesda Softworks owns the rights to the Fallout intellectual property. After acquiring it, Bethesda licensed the rights to make a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) version of Fallout to Interplay. The MMORPG got as far as beta stage under Interplay, but a lengthy legal dispute between Bethesda Softworks and Interplay halted the development of the game and led to its eventual cancellation, as Bethesda claimed in court that Interplay had not met the terms and conditions of the licensing contract. The case was settled in early 2012.
Origins
The ideas of the Fallout series began with Interplay Productions' Wasteland, released in 1988. At that time, Interplay was not a publisher and used Electronic Arts for distribution of the game. According to Interplay's founder, Brian Fargo, they wanted to explore a post-apocalyptic setting and created Wasteland for that. Sometime after release, Interplay decided to shift focus and become a publisher while still developing games. Fargo wanted to continue to use the Wasteland intellectual property but could not negotiate the rights back from Electronic Arts. Still wanting to do something in a post-apocalyptic setting, Fargo and his team decided to make a new setting and game. They determined what aspects of Wasteland were positives and wrote and developed a new game around them. The result was the first Fallout games, which released nearly ten years after Wasteland. | Fallout (1997)
Released in October 1997, Fallout takes place in a post-apocalyptic Southern California, beginning in the year 2161. The protagonist, referred to as the Vault Dweller, is tasked with recovering a water chip in the Wasteland to replace the broken one in their underground shelter home, Vault 13. Afterwards, the Vault Dweller must thwart the plans of a group of mutants, led by a grotesque entity named the Master. Fallout was originally intended to run under the GURPS role-playing game system. However, a disagreement with the creator of GURPS, Steve Jackson, over the game's violent content required Black Isle Studios to develop the new SPECIAL system. Fallout's atmosphere and artwork are reminiscent of post-World War II United States during the Cold War era and the fear that the country was headed for nuclear war in the real world. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lionel Messi is the highest-paid footballer on the planet, banking nearly £1million a week last year in wages and sponsorship deals. The Argentina and Barcelona favourite earned an eye-watering £47.8m in 2014, with his club salary of £26m topped up by lucrative endorsements with the likes of adidas, FIFA 15 and Turkish Airlines. It puts him well ahead of his Real Madrid and Portugal nemesis Cristiano Ronaldo, who brought in £39.7m, according to the latest France Football magazine rich list. Lionel Messi tops the France Football rich list for 2014 with an annual income of £47.8m . Messi is thrown an Argentina shirt to sign from a member of the crowd during Tuesday's training session at Georgetown University in Washington ahead of their friendly match with the United States . Messi tops up his salary with Barcelona by promoting various companies, including adidas . Cristiano Ronaldo comes in second in the annual France Football list with earnings of £39.7m . Ronaldo promotes TAG Heuer while driving a McLaren P1 supercar in Madrid . Ronaldo leaves the plane ahead of Real Madrid's Champions League final with Atletico last May . Messi's Barcelona colleague Neymar comes in third on £26.8m, his total underlining the gulf between the world's two leading players and the rest. Manchester United striker Robin van Persie is the highest-ranked Premier League player, earning £18.8m in 2014. This consists of an £11.8m basic salary, topped up by £5m bonuses and £2m from various sponsorship deals. Real Madrid's world-record signing Gareth Bale comes in sixth with an annual income of £17.5m, followed by United and England captain Wayne Rooney on £16.5m. Barcelona's Brazilian ace Neymar (right) comes third in the rankings with £26.8m earned in 2014 . Brazilian star Neymar pictured at his sister's birthday party in Sao Paulo . Manchester United striker Robin van Persie is the highest-earning Premier League player on the list . Gareth Bale may be the world's most expensive player but he ranks only sixth on the rich list . Manchester United and England captain Wayne Rooney earned £16.5m, according to the rich list ranking . Rooney pictured with his agent Paul Stretford in Manchester last week . The top 10 is rounded out by Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Sergio Aguero and Robert Lewandowski, followed by another glut of Premier League stars. Chelsea's Eden Hazard and Manchester City's Yaya Toure both made £14.7m, while United duo Angel di Maria and Radamel Falcao are jointly on £13.6m. In the manager rich list, Jose Mourinho of Chelsea is the highest paid with his £10m salary and £3.2m in commercial revenue. Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger (£8.3m) and Manchester United's Louis van Gaal (£7.3m) also feature in the top five. The Paris Saint-Germain and Sweden star Zlatan Ibrahimovic comes in eighth on the list . Chelsea's Jose Mourinho tops the manager's rich list with an annual income of £13.2m . 1. Lionel Messi £47.8m . 2. Cristiano Ronaldo £39.7m . 3. Neymar £26.8m . 4. Thiago Silva £20.2m . 5. Robin van Persie £18.8m . 6. Gareth Bale £17.5m . 7. Wayne Rooney £16.5m . 8. Zlatan Ibrahimovic £15.8m . 9. Sergio Aguero £15.6m . 10. Robert Lewandowski £14.8m . Source: France Football Rich List . 1. Jose Mourinho £13.2m . 2. Carlo Ancelotti £11.4m . 3. Pep Guardiola £11.2m . 4. Arsene Wenger £8.3m . 5. Louis van Gaal £7.3m . 6. Fabio Capello £6.6m . 7. Andre Villas-Boas £6.2m . 8. Sven-Goran Eriksson £5.9m . 9. Jurgen Klopp £5.3m . 10. David Moyes and Laurent Blanc £5.1m . Source: France Football Rich List . | Lionel Messi tops the France Football rich list with 2014 income of £47.8m . His Barcelona club salary of £26m is topped up by sponsorship deals . Cristiano Ronaldo comes in second with annual earnings of £39.7m . Those two come well ahead of third-placed Neymar on £26.8m . Robin van Persie, Wayne Rooney and Sergio Aguero feature in top 10 . Chelsea's Jose Mourinho is highest-earning manager on £13.2m a year . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Hugh Hefner's Playboy Mansion was a gilded cage for former Hef companion Holly Madison. In her new memoir, "Down the Rabbit Hole," Madison -- one of the stars of the Playboy-centered E! reality series "The Girls Next Door" -- says that living in the mansion wasn't all sex and good times. "Life inside the notorious mansion wasn't a dream at all -- and quickly became her nightmare," the promotional material states, according to Us Weekly. "After losing her identity, her sense of self-worth, and her hope for the future, Holly found herself sitting alone in a bathtub contemplating suicide." Madison also details stories of backstabbing Bunnies and very strict house rules. Some of Madison's revelations won't be news to anyone who's ever read about the recent life of Hefner, the Playboy founder, whose most recent marriage was to Crystal Harris in 2012. Former spouse Kimberley Conrad described Hefner as "very controlling," and he's a man of routine. The 88-year-old has a passion for old movies and old friends, and he keeps more than 2,000 scrapbooks about his life. The mansion -- except for Hefner's bedroom -- is kept immaculate. And the sex? A "couple times a week," Hefner told The New York Times in 2010. Madison is now married to promoter Pasquale Rotella and has a young daughter. Her memoir is due out in June. "I'm excited to finally share my story and what I've learned from my personal experiences both inside and outside of the Playboy Mansion," she told Us. "I think my stories will surprise people, and I'm looking forward to lifting the veil of mystique and clearing up the misconceptions so often associated with my life." | Former Hugh Hefner companion Holly Madison has a memoir coming out . In it, she says she contemplated suicide, according to a report . "I think my stories will surprise people," Madison told Us Weekly . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Helsinki Airport has become the first in Europe to offer sleeping pods for worn-out travellers who are looking to catch a little shut-eye between flights. Already billed as one of the most sleep-friendly airports in the world, Finland’s largest airport has installed 19 GoSleep pods which offer privacy and peace for weary passengers. It costs €9 per hour (approximately £6.50) and pillows and blankets are available for the pods, which are located at two gates inside the terminal. Weary travellers can pay €9 per hour for access to one of Helsinki Airport's new sleeping pods . Finland’s largest airport has installed 19 GoSleep pods, which offer privacy and peace, at two gates . Each cocoon-like pod is an ergonomic seat which can be transformed into a bed, with a retractable cover designed to block light and noise. Users can store their hand luggage under the seat and charge their laptops or mobile devices by using a built-in power source. The GoSleep pods were designed and manufactured by Finnish Short Rest Solutions Ltd with the aim of taking some of the stress out of travel. Heikki Koski, Vice President at Helsinki Airport, said: ‘We wish to provide passengers with an opportunity for stress-free travel and a nap between flights. The GoSleep pods were designed and manufactured by Finnish Short Rest Solutions Ltd . Each cocoon-like pod is an ergonomic seat which can be transformed into a bed, with a retractable cover . ‘Helsinki Airport has many transit passengers, who may not have had any sleep for a day or are suffering from jet lag. I believe that the service will have genuine demand.’ While most airports offer comfortable chairs with little privacy, Helsinki Airport tested the pods in a specially-designed rest area in 2013. The pods were such a hit that the airport decided to purchase nearly a dozen of the chairs and scrap the relaxation area. Officials at Helsinki Airport said they have had positive feedback from passengers . Jussi Piispanen, CEO of Short Rest Solutions Ltd., said: ‘The pilot project showed that passengers prefer individual sleeping pods to larger rest areas. ‘Sleeping pods have aroused wide-spread interest in particular on gate 18, where they are available for testing for free during the spring. ‘Based on customer feedback, we will continue to refine the service to make it even more customer-friendly.’ Helsinki Airport tested the sleeping pods in a specially-designed relaxation area in 2013 . Officials at Helsinki Airport said they have had positive feedback from passengers since the programme quietly launched in mid-February. Last year, the website SleepinginAirports.com ranked Helsinki Airport as the world’s third most sleep-friendly hotel, behind Singapore Changi Airport and Seoul’s Incheon International Airport. In addition to individual sleeping pods in two public areas, Helsinki Airport offers a book swap for passengers, a free art gallery and free wifi. It is also planning to open 70 new or renovated shops as part of a €900million (£650million) development programme with the goal of boosting its annual passenger volume to 20million in 2020. | Finland's largest airport has installed 19 GoSleep pods at two gates . Each pod is an ergonomic seat which can be transformed into a bed . They have retractable covers to block light and noise and power outlets . Users can store their hand luggage in a compartment under their seat . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roy Hodgson picks his England squad on Thursday for a Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania and a friendly against Italy. Wayne Rooney, Danny Welbeck, Rickie Lambert and Saido Berahino were named to face Scotland in November. Daniel Sturridge is fit again now too, but there are three new boys on the block. So what do the likes of Danny Ings, Charlie Austin and Harry Kane have to offer? Danny Ings . He’s a very astute and clever player, aware of what’s going on around him in midfield and around the penalty box. His movement and technical ability are good. Ings looks to go in behind the defender and to face up and receive the ball. He has a bit of pace as well. Here is a player who will really flourish if he ends up at Liverpool, Arsenal or Manchester United because of the amount of chances he’ll the get there. He has a big future. Burnley striker Danny Ings (right) is a a very astute and clever player with a bit of pace as well . Charlie Austin . What people don’t appreciate about Charlie is that he’s scored 15 goals this season yet because QPR are fighting relegation, he’s not had that many chances. He is a born finisher, instinctive in the way that Gary Lineker or Ian Rush was and perhaps the best of the three in that regard. I was with him at QPR and Charlie knows he has to work on his game outside the box, in his positioning and movement. But he will do that, because he is committed learner and though he’s 25, you can see him improving over the next few years. QPR forward Charlie Austin has scored 15 Premier League goals this season, despite the club's struggles . Harry Kane . Harry’s probably not quite as good a finisher as Charlie, but his all-round game is better. He can play off the front, he can play the one right up the top. His movement is excellent and technically he looks a really good player. His finishing is much more clinical now and he has range, from the header he scored against Arsenal, to shots outside and inside the box. In general, if a player is good enough for the senior squad, I don’t see the sense in sending them back to the Under 21s. It’s unlikely Kane will get much game time against Lithuania and Italy so he will probably go back to the U21s for the summer tournament. But once he has three or four senior games under his belt, there should be no going back. Harry Kane is the Premier League's form man - winning the January and February Player of the Month award . Verdict . I don’t think England have had this amount of players to choose from up front since I was manager. Alan Shearer, Teddy Sheringham, Ian Wright and Michael Owen meant the likes of as Robbie Fowler, Les Ferdinand and Andrew Cole weren’t first choice. Hodgson might have a similar scenario developing now. Michael Owen (left) was one of several attacking options Glenn Hoddle had at his disposal as England boss . | England name their squad for matches vs Italy and Lithuania on Thursday . Three Lions boss Roy Hodgson has a wealth of attacking options to pick . Danny Ings, Charlie Austin and Harry Kane could all earn a call-up . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Joe Schmidt is poised to make just one change to his starting line-up for Wales on Saturday, fit-again Jamie Heaslip returning in place of Jordi Murphy. Injured on February 14 against France, Heaslip has timed his recovery from the three vertebrae fractured by Pascal Papé perfectly. It was anticipated that the problem, treated like a soft tissue injury, could come right in four weeks and the medics have been proved spot on, Heaslip taking part in full training all week to put himself in the frame to resume against Wales. Ireland head coach Joe Schmidt is likely to make one change to the side that beat England . Jamie Heaslip (centre) is expected to be back after injuring himself against France on February 14 . Jonathan Sexton (left) has recovered from the hamstring problem that he had for Ireland . Murphy will consider himself unlucky not to have held on, given his impressive show in helping subdue the vaunted English back row, but Heaslip has been true to his word after saying last Friday that he was ‘pretty confident’ he would be declared fit for the Millennium Stadium. Murphy is now expected to take a place on the bench at the expense of Tommy O’Donnell who demonstrated his worth for the second time this spring, coming on as an early replacement against England for the concussed Seán O’Brien and again not looking out of his depth. Elsewhere, with Jonathan Sexton shaking off his hamstring problem, and O’Brien and Jared Payne both coming through concussion protocols, Schmidt’s team will be along expected lines as they seek to set up a Grand Slam trip to Murrayfield on Saturday week. Jordi Murphy is expected to make way for the return of Heaslip against Wales on Saturday . Jack McGrath is set to keep his place in the Ireland team for the Six Nations game against Wales . It means Schmidt will continue to reward Jack McGrath for his consistently good form, keeping Cian Healy, who started his first game for Leinster in six months last Saturday, on the bench for the third Test in a row. There was concern about replacement out-half Ian Madigan’s control of the closing 25 minutes against England, but it is thought he will again be back-up to Sexton. Felix Jones is likely to be given the No 23 shirt once more, despite pressure from in-form Munster colleague Keith Earls. | Ireland lead Six Nations standings after beating England in the last game . Jamie Headslip is set to make a return from injury for the Wales clash . His comeback is likely to see Jordi Murphy go out of the side . |
Given this paragraph about Password-authenticated key exchange, what year were the first provably-secure protocols created? | The first successful password-authenticated key agreement methods were Encrypted Key Exchange methods described by Steven M. Bellovin and Michael Merritt in 1992. Although several of the first methods were flawed, the surviving and enhanced forms of EKE effectively amplify a shared password into a shared key, which can then be used for encryption and/or message authentication. The first provably-secure PAKE protocols were given in work by M. Bellare, D. Pointcheval, and P. Rogaway (Eurocrypt 2000) and V. Boyko, P. MacKenzie, and S. Patel (Eurocrypt 2000). These protocols were proven secure in the so-called random oracle model (or even stronger variants), and the first protocols proven secure under standard assumptions were those of O. Goldreich and Y. Lindell (Crypto 2001) which serves as a plausibility proof but is not efficient, and J. Katz, R. Ostrovsky, and M. Yung (Eurocrypt 2001) which is practical.
The first password-authenticated key retrieval methods were described by Ford and Kaliski in 2000.
A considerable number of alternative, secure PAKE protocols were given in work by M. Bellare, D. Pointcheval, and P. Rogaway, variations, and security proofs have been proposed in this growing class of password-authenticated key agreement methods. Current standards for these methods include IETF RFC 2945, RFC 5054, RFC 5931, RFC 5998, RFC 6124, RFC 6617, RFC 6628 and RFC 6631, IEEE Std 1363.2-2008, ITU-T X.1035 and ISO-IEC 11770-4:2006. | The first provably-secure protocols for Password-authenticated key exchanges(PAKE) were presented in 2000 at "Eurocrypt 2000" by two groups Mihir Bellare, David Pointcheval and Phillip Rogaway, and Victor Boyko, Philip MacKenzie and Sarvar Patel. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Prince William launched his four-day visit to China today with a ceremony to bring good fortune. The second in line to the throne found himself in the unusual position of having to paint the eyes on a larger than life sheep - British cartoon character Shaun the Sheep, no less. 'You know I can't do two things at once,' he joked with the photographers who asked him to pose up with his artwork. Scroll down for video . Prince William smiles as he paints the eyes on a Shaun the Sheep model during a ceremony in China . The Prince is on a four-day visit to China with the sheep-marking ceremony signalled the launch of the first ever Year of Cultural Exchange between the UK and China . He added approvingly: 'It's not particularly stylish but it will pass.' The sheep-marking ceremony signalled the launch of the first ever Year of Cultural Exchange between the UK and China, a showcase of innovation for British goods and services. In the Chinese calendar this is the Year of the Sheep - and with Aardman Animation's Shaun being the UK's most famous export of the species, the British Council thought it might be fun to marry the two. The ceremony took place in the gardens of the residence of the British Ambassador, Barbara Woodward. William was shown five sculptures of Shaun, each decorated by a different artist, which are among 50 such sculptures to be displayed across China and later auctioned off in aid of the Beijing Cultural Development Fund. In the Chinese calendar this is the Year of the Sheep - and with Aardman Animation's Shaun being the UK's most famous export of species, the British Council thought it might be fun to marry the two . The prince joked with photographers who wanted him to pose and paint the eyes on the sheep, saying 'You know I can't do two things at once' The prince gamely agreed to finish decorating a particularly patriotic animal, covered in the Union Flag, by painting his eyes. Dotting the eyes of the traditional lions used in Lion Dances is thought to bring good fortune and happiness - and it is hoped that by William doing this he will bring such benefits to the Year of Cultural Exchange. It also ties in with the Chinese idiom 'san yang kai tai',which means 'the advent of Spring brings prosperity'. The prince was accompanied by Sajid Javid, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, who said: 'We are incredibly proud of our creative industries, they are one of our biggest success stories and a tremendous driver of economic growth. Crowds of people gathered to catch a glimpse of the second in line to the throne during a visitor to the British ambassador's official residence in Beijing . Prince William greets a young baby who was brought to the ceremony. The Duke's visit is the highest-profile visit by a member of the royal family for 30 years . 'The Year of Cultural Exchange will be a wonderful celebration of UK and Chinese creative talent and will help forge new business relations between our two nations. ' Nick Marchand Director of Arts and Creative Industries at the British Embassy said William was a 'fantastic ambassador' for the UK. 'It's wonderful that he can be here to launch this for us,' he said. Earlier William visited Shijia Hutong, an elegantly restored courtyard house, resurrected from dilapidation two years ago with funding from the Prince's Foundation, set up by his father, Prince Charles. Dressed in a smart suit, the prince was greeted by Matthew Hu, China Representative of the Prince's School of traditional arts and Drew Ross, the China MD for the Prince's Foundation. The Duke of Cambridge meets with Chinese children who have physical disabilities on a visit to the Shija Hutong in Beijing . Prince William is guided by Matthew Hu, China's representative of the Prince's School of Traditional Arts after meeting disadvantaged children . The Prince also visited Bejing's Forbidden City where he chatted pleasantly about the weather and remarked on what a nice day it was . Today marks the first of a four day visit to China after the Duke of Cambridge earlier visited Japan . The prince chatted pleasantly about the weather and remarked on what a nice day it was - not realising the air pollution index for Beijing today is 140, nearly six times the WHO recommended maximum. He also met with groups of disadvantaged rural children in urban Beijing. He chatted about the various challenges they face, and was presented with a small hand-drawn picture, drawn by a 10-year old migrant child from poverty stricken Henan province named Wu Qiuyun. The picture shows a collection of little houses surrounded by foliage and prompted William to 'that will look nice in George's bedroom'. He was was also introduced to Zhao Chen, 14, who is effectively blind and, with the assistance of his mother, learning opera singing. Mr Zhao said: 'My dream is to go to your palace to sing opera'. Duke replied: 'Well, you've met the right man. We might be able to arrange something.' | Second in line to the throne launched his four-day visit to China today . He took part in a ceremony in the capital Beijing to bring good fortune . Also painted eyes on model of British cartoon character, Shaun the Sheep . Joked with photographers he couldn't multi-task while posing with artwork . Ceremony marks first ever Year of Cultural Exchange between UK and China . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jordan Henderson has given the biggest indication yet that he will stay at Liverpool even though his contract runs out in 2016. The England midfielder, tipped to succeed Steven Gerrard as Liverpool captain, has been a revelation for club and country in the past 18 months and will face Italy on Tuesday as the mainstay of Roy Hodgson’s England midfield. But Henderson insists that the ongoing talks with the club over a renewal to his contract will not distract him and has made it clear that he wants to sign a new deal to stay at Anfield. Jordan Henderson (right) has said his contract talks with Liverpool will be sorted . Henderson appears set to replace Steven Gerrard (right) as Liverpool captain next season . Henderson is also in line to play for England against Italy in a friendly in Turin on Tuesday . ‘Everybody else will make a big deal about it, but for me, I just let my agent and the club deal with it and whenever it gets sorted, it gets sorted,’ said Henderson. ‘All I want to do is do my best for club or country. I don't want to get involved, really. Let the agents and the club deal with it, and we just focus on our football and I think that's the best way.’ Asked whether he was in the right place to win trophies and move forward with his career, Henderson said: ‘I definitely think so. I think obviously at Liverpool we've got fantastic players, real quality players and a lot of potential. 'We're a young team and I think there is great potential and a big part of that is us wanting to be winners and winning trophies. I really feel we can do that. It is the same with England, I really feel we are going in the right direction and hopefully in the next Euros we can do something special.’ And Henderson insists he is not banking on replacing Gerrard as captain next season. ‘That's up to the manager in the summer,’ he said. ‘I'm not going to be captain as of yet. It could be anybody else in the team because we've got a lot of leaders and a lot of good characters in the team. Henderson (right) pictured in action in England's 4-0 win over Lithuania at Wembley on Friday . Henderson (centre) has emerged as a leading player at Liverpool over the past 18 months . Henderson (left) insists he will step up once Gerrard departs the club for Los Angeles Galaxy . ‘Of course it'd be an honour for me to do that, but when a big player like Stevie leaves, obviously it's disappointing, but everybody else has got to step up. 'We've got a lot of young players in the team and next season, when he isn't there, it's time for everybody to show what they're capable of and show that little bit of extra responsibility. 'And I wouldn't put that down to whoever is the next captain or one person in his position because for me there will never be another Steven Gerrard.’ | Jordan Henderson has made it clear he wants to stay at Liverpool . He says talks between the club and his agent will get sorted . Henderson could replace Steven Gerrard as Liverpool captain next season . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former Newcastle United striker Faustino Asprilla handed an aircraft pilot a bottle so he would not have to leave his co-pilot alone if he needed to go to the toilet mid flight. The Colombian-born football star was after boarding a flight in Moscow when he approached the flight deck. He told his 102,000 followers on Instagram that he expressed his fears to the pilot as a result of the recent Germanwings tragedy where pilot Andreas Lubitz crashed his jet into the Alps. Faustino Asprilla, left, told his 100,000 instagram followers that he warned an airline pilot against taking a mid-flight toilet break during his recent flight. The former Newcastle United player gave the pilot a bottle . Sitting on an aircraft, Asprilla told his followers: 'I went to the pilot's cabin. I strictly forbid the pilot to get out and urinate because if that other lunatic locks the door in, it will happen what happened in that other flight. Everyone knows. 'If he wants to urinate, I have him an empty bottle of water.' Asprilla played for Newcastle United between 1996 and 1998, although manager Kenny Dalglish had problems with the Colombian's playboy lifestyle. Earlier, Asprilla Tweeted a photograph of himself looking nervous in an airport departure lounge with an aircraft over his shoulder. Asprilla joined Newcastle from Italian club Parma and returned after his two-year stay on Tyneside. However, the club is facing serious problems, having been officially declared bankrupt while their chairman Giampietro Maneti was arrested for money laundering. The club faces debts of £60 million. Earlier Asprilla, pictured, posted a photograph on Twitter looking nervous before boarding the flight . | Faustino Asprilla earlier posed looking nervous in the departure lounge . He told his Instagram followers that he warned the pilot about toilet breaks . Asprilla claimed he gave the pilot an empty water bottle for emergencies . He said he did not want the 'other lunatic' to lock the door and crash . |
What type of effect does Coffee have on humans? | "Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.
Seeds of the Coffee plant's fruits are separated to produce un-roasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor." | Coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. |
What is salvation in christianity? | In Christianity, salvation (also called deliverance or redemption) is the "saving human beings from sin and its consequences, which include death and separation from God" by Christ's death and resurrection, and the justification following this salvation.
While the idea of Jesus' death as an atonement for human sin was recorded in the Christian Bible, and was elaborated in Paul's epistles and in the Gospels, Paul saw the faithful redeemed by participation in Jesus' death and rising. Early Christians regarded themselves as partaking in a new covenant with God, open to both Jews and Gentiles, through the sacrificial death and subsequent exaltation of Jesus Christ. Early Christian notions of the person and sacrificial role of Jesus in human salvation were further elaborated by the Church Fathers, medieval writers and modern scholars in various atonement theories, such as the ransom theory, Christus Victor theory, recapitulation theory, satisfaction theory, penal substitution theory and moral influence theory.
Variant views on salvation (soteriology) are among the main fault lines dividing the various Christian denominations, including conflicting definitions of sin and depravity (the sinful nature of mankind), justification (God's means of removing the consequences of sin), and atonement (the forgiving or pardoning of sin through the suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus). | Salvation in christianity is the redemption of human beings from the consequences of their sins through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Jesus's death is counted as the payment for the sin of all mankind, as recorded by Paul in his letters. This salvation is open to everyone, not just the jews. Anyone who believes that Jesus died for their sins and rose again receives the salvation that God has to offer. |
Why was Advani concerned about Modi’s appointment as a chief minister of Gujarat? | In 2001, Keshubhai Patel's health was failing and the BJP lost a few state assembly seats in by-elections. Allegations of abuse of power, corruption and poor administration were made, and Patel's standing had been damaged by his administration's handling of the earthquake in Bhuj in 2001. The BJP national leadership sought a new candidate for the chief ministership, and Modi, who had expressed misgivings about Patel's administration, was chosen as a replacement. Although Advani did not want to ostracise Patel and was concerned about Modi's lack of experience in government, Modi declined an offer to be Patel's deputy chief minister, telling Advani and Atal Bihari Vajpayee that he was "going to be fully responsible for Gujarat or not at all". On 3 October 2001 he replaced Patel as chief minister of Gujarat, with the responsibility of preparing the BJP for the December 2002 elections. On 7 October, he was sworn in, and entered the Gujarat state legislature on 24 February 2002 by winning a by-election to the Rajkot – II constituency, defeating Ashwin Mehta of the INC. | For Modi being a candidate for the chief minister of Gujarat, Advani was concerned about Modi’s lack of political experience. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Damaging winds, hailstones and severe thunderstorms were predicted to hit Sydney's far west as well as the Hunter, Illawarra and Central Tablelands regions on Thursday evening. The Bureau of Meteorology said a severe storm swept through Springwood, Bilpin and the Yengo National Park in the Blue Mountains on Thursday evening before heading north. Photos on social media show large hailstones raining on residents in the Blue Mountains, described as 'sheets of ice' by local Shannon King on Twitter. Photos on social media show Blue Mountains residents holding up large hailstones in the wake of the severe storm . Jacki Allen uploaded this image of several large hailstones found in Faulconbridge . 'I have some small dents in my car but animals (are) ok,' Ms King said. Large hail was reported at Faulconbridge on the lower Blue Mountains at about 7pm. Faulconbridge resident Andrew Ballard said on Twitter the hail was 'twice the size of golf balls,' reports ABC. The Bureau previously warned the hail, severe winds and heavy rainfall could lead to flash flooding. The Bureau of Meteorology said a severe storm swept through Springwood, Bilpin and the Yengo National Park in the Blue Mountains . The storms come after wild weather lashed Sydney's west and south on Wednesday evening. More than 20,000 homes lost power when heavy rainfall, damaging winds and lightning rolled through after 7pm. A Bringelly family was forced to leave their home when their roof collapsed, while another piece of roof blew onto train tracks at Mount Druitt. Faulconbridge resident Amy Margaret Thorpe uploaded the following image following the wild thunderstorm on Thursday evening . Faulconbridge, situated on the lower Blue Mountains, was the area worst hit by the storm . | Damaging winds, hails and thunderstorms lashed the area on Thursday . Photos on social media show large hailstones raining on residents . A severe storm swept through the Blue Mountains before heading north . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)In the two years since "Lean In" became a best-seller and sparked countless conversations about gender equality, author Sheryl Sandberg says she has gotten one question over and over from men: What can they do? Now the Facebook chief operating officer is giving them some specific answers by aligning with one of the most popular athletes on the planet. If LeBron James is encouraging men to lean in for women, don't you think some of his 19 million Twitter followers will get the message too? That's certainly what Sandberg and her LeanIn.org colleagues are hoping, following their brand new partnership with the National Basketball Association and the Women's National Basketball Association and the creation of a public service campaign called #LeanInTogether. In a 30-second video of NBA and WNBA all-stars, we see James of the Cleveland Cavaliers holding up a poster, which says "All-Star Dad." Dwayne Wade of the Miami Heat says, "When men lean in, everyone wins," and then touts how he leans in for his wife, mother and grandmother. "Help women aim high," says Al Horford of the Atlanta Hawks. The significance of the message and the men who are relaying it is twofold, says Sandberg. To truly bring about equality at home and at work, men need to be part of the discussion, and we need to bring the discussion to where men are, she says. Sheryl Sandberg at BlogHer: Not every woman has to be a CEO . "The conversation about equality has long existed by women, for women, in women's forums where women are, and that will continue, and that's important. But bringing it to the center of the court, bringing men to the center of that conversation -- people like LeBron James and Steph Curry (of the Golden State Warriors) and Dwayne Wade, saying 'I'm in for equality and here's why' -- I think that could be transformative," said Sandberg in a phone interview. What Sandberg and LeanIn.org are also hoping to do is show men specifically what they can do, providing a series of tips about things they could start doing at home and at work, and as managers, as soon as they finish reading this story. Many of the suggestions might seem like common sense to many women -- such as male managers giving women credit in meetings and men sharing 50-50 in household and child care duties at home. But Sandberg says with the list of "simple, clear, everyday things, practical things" men can do that are based on real data, men will see not only how they can help but how they individually will benefit. For instance, research shows that boys and girls with a more involved father are healthier, mentally and physically, happier, have stronger emotional attachments and relationships, are at lower risk for substance abuse and are more successful at work and at home, Sandberg said. For girls, there's an extra benefit, she said. By age 14, if a girl sees her father doing child care and housework, her concept of the array of things she can do professionally is much broader than that of girls who don't see their fathers doing household chores, she said, pointing to a study by the University of British Columbia and published in a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. "The way men react when you tell them children of more active fathers of any income level, no matter how active a mother is, do better -- a lot of men, particularly those with wives who are home (and who say) 'I'm covered. My kids are in good hands' ... they are motivated," said Sandberg. Despite 'Lean In,' workplace equality remains abysmal . Dads might think they are doing all they can by telling their daughters they can be anything they want, but if Mom is still doing all the cooking and cleaning, their girls aren't getting the full message. "What really matters is seeing what you do. You have to walk the walk. She needs to see equality to believe it." Another huge goal, Sandberg says, is showing men they won't lose out in the workplace when there is more equality in the executive suites and in boardrooms. "If you've long been in the majority and long held power, and you see change, you could naturally be nervous that this wasn't going to help you," said Sandberg. Men need to realize it's not a zero sum game, she said. "When companies do better, there are more jobs, more promotions, more salaries for everyone. When companies do worse, there's less for everyone," she said. She mentioned a recent study by the International Monetary Fund, which found that if women were in the workforce at the same percentage as men in the U.S., our country's gross domestic product would grow by 5%. "We haven't seen 5% GDP growth in a long time. ... That's a lot of jobs for a lot of people, so understanding that this is beneficial for everyone, I think, is huge." Work-life balance not just a women's issue . Sandberg's #LeanInTogether comes as emphasis seems to be growing on getting boys and men to think about gender equality. Sandberg will be one of the opening night speakers at a four-day conference on engaging men and boys that begins Thursday in New York. The conference is sponsored by The Center for the Study of Men and Masculinities at Stony Brook University. In January, a U.N. conference sponsored by Iceland and Suriname, which I was honored to attend as a panel participant, brought together ambassadors, other policymakers, and athletes and artists, with the goal of changing the discourse among men on gender equality. An overriding message repeated at the conference was that we can't keep telling men what to do. We need to show them what many men are already doing every day at home and at work. "Dad' gets a makeover in Super Bowl ads . That is why the recent focus on caring dads in ads during this year's Super Bowl was so applauded by men like sociologist Michael Kimmel, who is spearheading this week's New York conference on men and masculinities. "This provides a counternarrative to all the action hero, buffoon images that we see," Kimmel told me when I talked to him days before the Super Bowl. Kimmel said very few men, fewer than 10%, can relate to the way the media depict masculinity, according to a study conducted by Dove Men+Care. Kimmel was hired by the brand as an adviser to help analyze its research. Men today are spending far more time doing housework and helping with child care and are enjoying more egalitarian relationships than any generation in American history, and their ideas about what it means to be a man have begun to shift as well, said Kimmel, who is the author of more than 20 books including "Manhood in America: A Cultural History." Sandberg says we need to recognize and support the new definitions of masculinity and hopes the message from stars like James and Wade goes a long way toward doing that. "I am increasingly convinced that unless we fully accept men as caregivers, we can't fully accept women as leaders," she said. "We've got to stop calling it 'Mommy and me.' As long as we are calling it 'Mommy and me,' we are communicating to women that this is their job ... and we have to do both sides of this." Admittedly impatient about gender equality (I'm impatient too!), Sandberg concedes we have a long way to go until the gender equality problem is solved and LeanIn.org can close its doors. "We have been fighting for equality for too long," she said, noting that women starting earning about 50% of college degrees back in 1981. "Thirty-four years is plenty of time to get 50% of the top jobs, and we're not close. We're at 5(%) in the Fortune 500. And so we have to change, we have to change more. We have to get more people involved." Enter King James. Do you think NBA stars like LeBron Jones and Dwayne Wade can help encourage men to 'lean in'? Share your thoughts with Kelly Wallace (@kellywallacetv) on Twitter or CNN Living on Facebook. | Sandberg's "lean in" movement is partnering with the NBA and WNBA . In a PSA, LeBron James encourages men to lean in for women . Studies show girls whose fathers do chores consider a wider array of professions . |
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