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Cheers to You Gold 30 Dinner Plates
3 Business Day(s) Production Time + Shipping That’s an item we create especially for you. When you place an order, please allow for the stated production time. Unfortunately, we are not able to rush our production times or ship dates. Even if you choose not to personalize the item, production times remain the same
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Cheers to You Gold 30 Dinner Plates
Product Code : PL9879
Our Cheers to You 30 Dinner Plates features a black and printed gold glitter polka dot design with dirty 30 in the center. The Cheers to You 30 Dinner Plates are great for your 30th birthday celebration. Package of 8Measures 9 inchesMade of sturdy paper
Please allow ample time for delivery. Our estimated delivery date for this product is noted in checkout. Many items are shipped separately, so please allow extra time for these items to arrive. Shipping charges are based on the value of the merchandise and not the number of shipments. For additional shipping information, please contact our Customer Service Department at ([email protected] or 1-800-314-8794).
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Description:
A trendy polka dot pattern decorates the front
of these Cheers to You 70 Personalized Dinner Plates accented with your wording and photo. These Cheers to You Personalized Dinner Plates are the perfect choice to make your 70th birthday extra special.Package of 8Made of paperMeasures 9 inches.
Description:
Serve up some delicious food on our The
Party Continues 30 Dinner Plates. These colorful 9" round paper plates feature a prismatic imprint and come in a package of 8. Set your tables with The Party Continues 30 Dinner Plates for some extra flair! Do not microwave.
Description:
The Party Continues 60 Dinner Plates will add
some flair to your big birthday bash. These round paper plates have a fun prismatic design printed on a black background. The Party Continues 60 Dinner Plates measure 9" and are sold in a package of eight. Do not microwave.
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The installation of low voltage wiring and the attendant connecting devices and outlets is becoming more common with the proliferation of computer equipment and various other low voltage environmental control devices and the like. Accordingly, it is not unusual for a building, commercial or residential, to have an almost equal number of low voltage and high voltage outlet boxes installed either during construction or remodeling or even as retrofit installations.
While a number of so-called “low voltage boxes” have been designed manufactured and are currently marketed and even some so-called combined structures that comprise a low voltage attachment means fastened in one fashion or another to a conventional high voltage electrical box have been designed manufactured and sold, no totally integral such device has been designed or marketed. The availability of such an integral device that incorporates the capabilities of both high voltage and low voltage connection would accordingly be valuable to the electrical installation and construction trades.
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Maternal factors associated with misperceptions of the second-trimester sonogram.
Prior studies have shown that patients have poor understanding of prenatal screening tests. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency with which patients have poor understanding of the sensitivity and safety of the second-trimester fetal sonogram and to identify maternal factors associated with poor understanding. One hundred fifty-five women presenting for a routine fetal anatomy scan completed a survey that assessed their understanding of the diagnostic sensitivity and safety of ultrasound, their demographic characteristics, and the sources of information of their knowledge of ultrasound. The frequency of misperception with regard to sonographic sensitivity or safety was determined, and both univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with misperception. Fifty-one percent of women had a misperception of the sensitivity or safety of a second-trimester sonogram. Although multiple characteristics (age, ethnicity, education, income, source of ultrasound information) were associated with this misperception in univariable analysis, only education and income remained independently associated with misperception in multivariable regression. Lower educational attainment and lower income are associated with misperception of the sensitivity and safety of a second-trimester sonogram.
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Horror! Comics! Anger!
Main Menu
Stake Land (2010) [REVIEW]
I wish I had some really clever reason as to why I went to see this movie, but I don’t. I saw it because JD asked me to go see it, and I am pretty sure I asked/demanded to know if it would be good. His response was that the director’s previous film, Mulberry Street, was good, and that’s really all I had to go on. I might have pretended to know what Mulberry Street was, but considering Rampaige was out of town anyway, it’s not like I had anything better to do! I also noticed that Danielle Harris was in it, and it made me wonder how busy she is. I feel like she has a movie coming out every single month, while also maintaining a rigid schedule of how many horror conventions she goes to. Good for her! I was also a little nervous that this movie would be some sort of Zombieland-esque movie, but with vampires. Luckily, it wasn’t!
Wasn’t this guy in Lord of the Rings?
We learn that in the not too distant future there has been some sort of event that causes there to be a shit ton of vampires. A young boy named Martin, played by Connor Paolo, is found and taken care of by a character referred to only as “Mister”, played by Nick Damici, who was also one of the writers. From there it is a pretty typical post apocalyptic tale, where we see this pair going from town to town trying to find a place they can feel at home. Along the way we learn that some sort of cult has been formed in the aftermath of all of this that claims to know why all of this happened, and this cult tries to kill Martin and Mister. They fail, and Mister ends up leaving the leader for dead, in hopes that a vampire will kill him. The pair continue on, and in the next town they pick up a pregnant woman named Belle, played by Danielle Harris. I should mention now, before I forget, that the vampires in this one are a lot more similar to zombies, in the sense that they don’t appear to be very smart, or necessarily fast, and operate on base instinct, and are easily tricked. This little family unit continues about their business, when they make a pit stop in a small township. While there, everything seems fine, until a helicopter passes over and tosses vampires into the city, where they start wreaking havoc. They take to the woods once more, and realize that they are being stalked by a vampire that’s smarter than any they’ve dealt with, which ends up being the cult leader who was left for dead. He can trap them and trick them, but don’t worry, he gets killed, but not after Belle has also been killed. Mister and Martin continue on their way and find a young girl who has been surviving on her own for quite some time, and is Martin’s age. Seeing that the two have a future together, Mister decides to leave, without saying goodbye, and the film ends with the new couple arriving somewhere that they believe to be safe.
Don’t worry, Danielle Harris, I’d never impregnate you and leave you in a vampire ridden world. Ya know, because I’m sterile.
Take this comment as you will, but the whole time I felt like this movie was based on a comic book. Confusing, right? It’s not intended to have a positive or negative connotation, but rather the whole film felt like it consisted of segments of a story that were strung together in succession. Rather than a two hour film, it felt like there were multiple installments or segments that were interconnected, and there wasn’t too much back story as far as the mythos of what was going on. You were kind of expected to just take the idea of “There are vampires, and we don’t know why they exist, they just do, and they are all over the place.” Other than that, this film struggled with what other films have struggled with, in the sense that for every one element I enjoyed, there was one thing I didn’t enjoy. For example, the whole concept of turning vampires into weapons by tossing them from a helicopter was something I thought was pretty cool, yet only a few minutes after that scene, when the group was trying to escape from vampires in a junkyard, the ran INTO a corn field. How is fleeing into a corn field going to make it harder for vampires to catch you, despite the fact that corn fields are confusing as fuck for people running for their lives? Didn’t you see the second Jurassic Park movie?! The story was entertaining and all, but the way the vampires were portrayed didn’t really appeal to me, in both the aesthetics of them as well as their powers and motivation. JD liked this a lot more than I did, and I’m sure others might enjoy it less than me, I think it really all depends on what you look for in a vampire movie.
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6 responses to “Stake Land (2010) [REVIEW]”
Maybe I am giving it to much credit for being a well done indie horror pic. But goddammit it was pretty well done. And if you’ve spent any amount of time sifting through indie horror movies, you know how rare that is.
The acting ( with one notable exception) was good, the cinematography was good, the writing wasn’t bad, and there was a Santa Claus vampire. What more could you want?
Well I’d say there is a difference between well done horror and well done INDIE horror. I mean, just because it was independently made doesn’t mean it gets a pass for me not being THAT impressed. Don’t get me wrong, I enjoyed it, but only about as much as I enjoyed Daybreakers, which was another non-conventional vampire movie, despite not being “indie”. HelpfulHipster: describe anything as being “indie” as an excuse for it being bad!
I loved this flick, I wasn’t expecting too much, since I didn’t know the director or any of the stars, sans Danielle, but I was surprised to see that it was extremely well done. Personally, I liked the fact that there was no real “plot” to the movie, much like in The Road, it’s just a slice of life from a world that, thankfully, can never exist. Best vamp movie I’ve seen since 30 Days of Night (and lets be honest, 30 Days wasn’t even necessarily that good).
I will totally agree that 30 Days of Night was one of the more interesting takes on the vampire story that’s come out lately, even if the movie, and even the comic, weren’t necessarily all that great. I also tried watching George Romero’s “Martin” recently, and that was another vampire story that I couldn’t really get that into. I guess vampires just aren’t really my thing.
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Although, many national governments and government agencies throughout the world, and many commercial enterprises, have long understood the value and necessity of secure identification documentation, many smaller commercial enterprises and smaller government agencies have not appreciated that need. Recent events throughout the world such as terrorist attacks, workplace shootings, school shootings, workplace fraud and other criminal activities have heightened the sensitivity of many of these smaller organizations to the importance of security and the need for identification documents to restrict access to facilities to authorized individuals.
Many medium to large organizations have utilized identification badging systems to help alleviate the danger present to their employees or citizens through the unauthorized access to peoples homes or workplace by using false identification documents. These systems, however, are often prohibitively expensive for smaller organizations. At present, there are more than 6.4 million organizations in the United States that employ fewer than 100 persons. Collectively, these organizations employ over 56 million people. Although these smaller organizations desire professional looking identification documents for their employees, many of these organizations cannot justify the purchase price of several thousand dollars for identification badging systems.
In addition, currently smaller organizations may be limited in choice to stock identification badge layouts, sizes, and colors. While larger organizations may not mind using a standard badge design, smaller organizations looking for their own identity may find it advantageous to have custom designed identification documents.
In addition, the possible illegal use of identification documents remains a concern. Teenagers seeking to obtain alcohol and the concomitant increase in the danger of driving drunk is one possible scenario. Another, is where individuals obtain counterfeit identification documents identifying themselves as employees of a local utility company to gain unauthorized access to residences or businesses. Also, companies are more concerned with maintaining security to protect themselves from economic espionage from their competitors. Preventing unauthorized individuals from accessing secure areas can frustrate certain forms of economic espionage.
In light of the above, a system is desired that allows an organization to purchase identification documents on-line without the need for purchasing expensive equipment, that provides an option for the organization to customize their own identification badge design, and that provides a level of security by authenticating purchasers of said identification card.
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The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), is known to play a crucial role in several developmental processes including axial patterning and differentiation. More recently, RA has been implicated in the regenerative ...
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An HPLC method to evaluate purity of a steroidal drug, loteprednol etabonate.
Validation of an analytical method for impurities and degradation products in an active pharmaceutical ingredient is important to assessment of quality and safety in a new pharmaceutical product. In the present study, a high-performance liquid chromatographic method was validated to evaluate purity of loteprednol etabonate (LE). LE and its four related substances, major process impurities and degradation products (PJ-90, PJ-91, LE-11-keto and LE-methyl ester) were well resolved using a phenyl-stationary phase under isocratic conditions. Two photo-degradation products were identified as chloromethyl 17alpha-ethoxycarbonyloxy-11beta-hydroxy-5alpha-methyl-2-oxo-19-norandrosta-1(10),3-diene-17beta-carboxylate and chloromethyl 17alpha-ethoxycarbonyloxy-11beta-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-6(5-->10alpha)-abeo-19-norandrosta-1,4-diene-17beta-carboxylate. A photo-degradation product, chloromethyl 1beta,11beta-epoxy-17alpha-ethoxycarbonyloxy-2-oxo-10alpha-androsta-4-ene-17beta-carboxylate, was not abundant by ultraviolet detector. The risk depending on only ultraviolet detection should be noted. Calibration curves for PJ-90, PJ-91, LE-11-keto and LE-methyl ester showed linearity over the range of 0.05-2.0% levels in LE with correlation coefficient of 0.999. Accuracy (n = 3) at the concentration of 0.5% level in LE for PJ-90, PJ-91, LE-11-keto and LE-methyl ester were 2.0, 2.0, 2.3 and 2.0%, respectively. Intra-day repeatability (n = 6) at the concentration of 0.5% level in LE for PJ-90, PJ-91, LE-11-keto and LE-methyl ester were 1.4, 1.4, 1.8 and 1.4%, respectively. The lower limits of detection for PJ-90, PJ-91, LE-11-keto and LE-methyl ester were 0.002, 0.001, 0.004 and 0.003% levels in LE, respectively.
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[Dopamine system genes and personality traits of extraversion and novelty seeking].
Dopamine neurotransmissin is thought to play a relevant role in behavioral reinforcement system. Polymorphism of the genes involved in dopamine system has been reported for association with psychological traits related to impulsive and sensation seeking behaviors. The study was aimed at a search for association of catechol-O-metyltransferase (COMT) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene polymorphism with personality traits in Russian population. A sample comprised 130 subjects. It was found that carriers of the Met/Met COMT genotype had higher scores of novelty seeking as compared to those with the Val/Val and Met/Met genotypes. The association was observed in women only. In the presence of the C allele of the DRD4 gene, females with the Met/Met genotype demonstrated higher scores on extraversion and hypomania. The results are consistent with the current theoretical concepts on the regulation of dopamine neurotransmission in the brain.
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ABSTRACT: We tracked flows of carbon and nitrogen during an experimental phytoplankton bloom in a natural estuarine assemblage in Randers Fjord, Denmark. We used 13C-labeled dissolved inorganic carbon to trace the transfer of carbon from phytoplankton to bacteria. Ecosystem development was followed over a period of 9 d through changes in the stocks of inorganic nutrients, pigments, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and algal and bacterial polar-lipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA). We quantified the incorporation of 13C in phytoplankton and bacterial biomass by carbon isotope analysis of specific PLFA. A dynamic model based on unbalanced algal growth and balanced growth of bacteria and zooplankton adequately reproduced the observations and provided an integral view of carbon and nitrogen dynamics. There were three phases with distinct carbon and nitrogen dynamics. During the first period, nutrients were replete, an algal bloom was observed, and carbon and nitrogen uptake occurred at a constant ratio. Because there was little algal exudation of DOC, transfer of 13C from phytoplankton to bacteria was delayed by 1 d, compared with the labeling of phytoplankton. In the second phase, the exhaustion of dissolved inorganic nitrogen resulted in decoupling of carbon and nitrogen flows caused by unbalanced algal growth and the exudation of carbon-rich dissolved organic matter by phytoplankton. During the final, nutrient-depleted phase, carbon and nitrogen cycling were dominated by the microbial loop and there was accumulation of DOC. The main source (60%) of DOC was exudation by phytoplankton growing under nitrogen limitation. Heterotrophic processes were the main source of dissolved organic nitrogen (94%). Most of the carbon exudated by algae was respired by the bacteria and did not pass to higher trophic levels. The dynamic model successfully reproduced the evolution of trophic pathways during the transition from nutrient-replete to -depleted conditions, which indicates that simple models provide a powerful tool to study the response of pelagic ecosystems to external forcings.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" Michael Rendell.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)col.1 6.8 (Berkeley) 6/17/91
.\"
.Dd June 17, 1991
.Dt COL 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm col
.Nd filter reverse line feeds from input
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm col
.Op Fl bfpx
.Op Fl l Ar num
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Col
filters out reverse (and half reverse) line feeds so the output is
in the correct order with only forward and half forward line
feeds, and replaces white-space characters with tabs where possible.
This can be useful in processing the output of
.Xr nroff 1
and
.Xr tbl 1 .
.Pp
.Nm Col
reads from standard input and writes to standard output.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width "-lnum"
.It Fl b
Do not output any backspaces, printing only the last character
written to each column position.
.It Fl f
Forward half line feeds are permitted (``fine'' mode).
Normally characters printed on a half line boundary are printed
on the following line.
.It Fl p
Force unknown control sequences to be passed through unchanged.
Normally,
.Nm col
will filter out any control sequences from the input other than those
recognized and interpreted by itself, which are listed below.
.It Fl x
Output multiple spaces instead of tabs.
.It Fl l Ns Ar num
Buffer at least
.Ar num
lines in memory.
By default, 128 lines are buffered.
.El
.Pp
The control sequences for carriage motion that
.Nm col
understands and their decimal values are listed in the following
table:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "carriage return" -compact
.It ESC\-7
reverse line feed (escape then 7)
.It ESC\-8
half reverse line feed (escape then 8)
.It ESC\-9
half forward line feed (escape then 9)
.It backspace
moves back one column (8); ignored in the first column
.It carriage return
(13)
.It newline
forward line feed (10); also does carriage return
.It shift in
shift to normal character set (15)
.It shift out
shift to alternate character set (14)
.It space
moves forward one column (32)
.It tab
moves forward to next tab stop (9)
.It vertical tab
reverse line feed (11)
.El
.Pp
All unrecognized control characters and escape sequences are
discarded.
.Pp
.Nm Col
keeps track of the character set as characters are read and makes
sure the character set is correct when they are output.
.Pp
If the input attempts to back up to the last flushed line,
.Nm col
will display a warning message.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr expand 1 ,
.Xr nroff 1 ,
.Xr tbl 1
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm col
utility conforms to the Single UNIX Specification, Version 2. The
.Fl l
option is an extension to the standard.
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm col
command
appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
|
<?php
/*
Copyright (C) 2014, Siemens AG
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*/
namespace Fossology\Lib\Data\Package;
use Fossology\Lib\Data\Upload\Upload;
use Mockery as M;
class PackageTest extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
{
private $id = 123;
private $name = "<packageName>";
private $uploads;
/** @var Package */
private $package;
protected function setUp()
{
$this->uploads = array(M::mock(Upload::class));
$this->package = new Package($this->id, $this->name, $this->uploads);
}
public function testGetId()
{
assertThat($this->package->getId(), is($this->id));
}
public function testGetName()
{
assertThat($this->package->getName(), is($this->name));
}
public function testGetUploads()
{
assertThat($this->package->getUploads(), is($this->uploads));
}
}
|
---
author:
- Yves Le Jan
title: Homology of Brownian loops
---
The purpose of this note is to extend to Brownian loops some homology and holonomy results obtained in the case of discrete loops on a graph (see [@lejanito], [@lejanbakry], and [@stfl]).
To understand our construction, note first the following: In the finite graph case with exponential holding times considered in [@stfl], the infinitesimal generator of the semigroup $P_t$ is $I-P$, , with $P$ a submarkovian matrix. If $-\rho_i$ denote the eigenvalues of the infinitesimal generator $P-I$, $$- \ln(\det (I-P)=\sum- \ln(\rho_i)=\zeta'(0)$$ where $\zeta(s)=\sum \rho_i^{-s}=Tr((I-P)^{-s}=\frac{1}{\Gamma(s)}\mu(T^{s})$ is the Mellin transform of $Tr(P_t)$: $$\zeta(s)=\frac{1}{\Gamma(s)}\int_0^{\infty}t^{s-1}Tr(P_t)dt.$$\
With the notations of [@stfl], [@lejanito], and [@lejanbakry], we have, for any positive $s$, the following results which yield the distribution of the vertex and edge occupation fields under the regularized loop measure $T^s (l)\mu(dl)$: $$\mu(T^{s}(e^{-\left\langle \widehat{l},\chi\right\rangle }
-1))=\Gamma(s)[Tr((I-\frac{\lambda}{\lambda+\chi}P)^{-s})-Tr((I-P)^{-s})]$$ and $$\mu(T^{s}(e^{-\left\langle N(l),Z\right\rangle }
-1))=\Gamma(s)[Tr((I-P\ast {Z})^{-s})-Tr((I-P)^{-s})].$$ These expressions converge respectively, as $s$ decreases to zero, towards $\ln(\frac{\det(I-\frac{\lambda}{\lambda+\chi})}{\det(I-P)}) $ and $\ln(\frac{\det(I-P\ast {Z})^{-s})}{\det(I-P)})$\
which yield the distribution of the vertex and edge occupation fields under the loop measure $\mu(dl)$.
We consider in the following a compact Riemannian manifold $X$ with metric tensor $g_{i,j}$ and continuous positive killing rate $k$. Lebesgue measure is denoted by $dx$. The energy form is defined on smooth functions by: $$e(f,f)=\frac{1}{2}\int g^{i,j}(x)\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_{i}}\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_{j}}\det(g)^{-\frac{1}{2}}(x)dx+\int k(x)f(x)^{2}\det(g)^{-\frac{1}{2}}(x)dx.$$ The associated heat semigroup is denoted $P_t$. The corresponding infinitesimal generator is $$A=\frac{1}{2}\Delta_{x}-k(x).$$
We denote by $\mu$ the loop measure associated with the corresponding continuous $\det(g)^{-\frac{1}{2}}(x)dx$-symmetric Markov process, i.e. the killed Brownian motion on $X$. It can also be viewed as a shift invariant measure on based loops. We can refer to [@LW], [@stfl] and [@rflj] for the general definition in terms of Markovian bridges, The Poisson process of Brownian loops (Lawler and Werner’s ”loop soup”) is defined in the same way as in the graph case.\
For the Brownian motion on a $d$-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold killed at positive rate, the same integral $\frac{1}{\Gamma(s)}\int_0^{\infty}t^{s-1}Tr(P_t)dt$ defines $\zeta(s)$ for $s>\frac{d}{2}$. It can be extended into a meromorphic function on $\mathbb{C}$ with one pole at $\dfrac{d}{2}$.\
This follows from M-P asymptotics of the heat kernel (see [@MP]) and from well known properties of the Mellin transform (see for example [@Zag]). The expression $e^{-\zeta'(0)}$ defines the zeta-regularized determinant of $-A$, denoted $\det'(-A)$. Such determinants have already been used in the context of loop measures on Riemann surfaces (see [@Dub]).\
In the case of the Brownian motion on a $d$-dimensional torus killed at constant rate $m^2$, $\zeta(s)=\sum_{k_i \in \mathbb{N}^d} (m^2+\frac{1}{2} \sum k_i^2)^{-2s}$ for $s\in ]\frac{d}{2},\infty[$.
The Poisson process of loops of intensity $\alpha \mu$ associated with the Brownian motion on a $d$-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold killed at positive rate is denoted $\mathcal{L}_{\alpha}$. It defines a random walk on the homology group of $X$, denoted $H_1(\mathbb{Z})$ obtained by adding the contributions of each loop. We will determine its distribution via a Fourier integral on the Jacobian torus, $ Jac=H^1(\mathbb{R})/ H^1(\mathbb{Z})$.\
Here, we denote by $H^1(\mathbb{R})$ the space of harmonic one-forms and by $H^1(\mathbb{Z})$ the space of harmonic one-forms $\omega$ such that for all loops $\gamma$ the holonomy $\omega(\gamma)$ is an integer.\
We need to determine, for any harmonic one-form $\omega\in H^1(\mathbb{R})$, the integral $\int (e^{2\pi i\int_l\omega}-1)\mu(dl)$. Note that:\
a) The definition of the integral of the closed $1$-form on a non-smooth loop causes no difficulties: $\int_l \omega=\int_{l'}\omega$ if $l'$ is a smooth loop close enough to $l$ (with $T(l)=T(l')$). Indeed, a smooth loop which is not homotopic to zero has a minimum positive diameter and if the uniform distance between two smooth loops $l'$ and $l"$ is small enough, we can see by cutting them into path segments of small diameter and joining the extremities of these segments by geodesics that $\int_{l'}\omega=\int_{l"}\omega$.\
b) The integral $\int (e^{2\pi i\int_l\omega}-1)\mu(dl)$ is finite, as short loops have zero homology.\
c) $\int T(l)^s (e^{2\pi i\int_l\omega}-1)\mu(dl)$ is holomorphic in $s$.\
d) $\zeta_{\omega}(s)= \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(s)}\int_0^{\infty}t^{s-1}Tr(P_t^{\omega})dt.$ is well defined on $s>\frac{n}{2}$ with by definition $P_t^{\omega}(x,y)=\int e^{2\pi i\int_{l}\omega} \mathbb{P}_t^{x,y}(dl)$.\
$\zeta_{\omega}$ is the zeta function associated with the generator $A+2\pi i\langle \omega,d \rangle)- 2\pi^2 \Vert \omega \Vert^2$.\
From c), $\zeta_{\omega}(s)$ can be extended into a meromorphic function on $\mathbb{C}$ with one pole at $\frac{n}{2}$. Then we easily get the following:
$E(e^{2\pi i \sum_{l\in \mathcal{L}_{\alpha} }\int_l \omega})=e^{\alpha [ \zeta_{\omega}'(0)-\zeta'(0)]}=\left[ \frac{\det'(-A)}{\det'(-A-i\langle \omega,d \rangle)+2\pi^2 \Vert \omega \Vert^2}\right ]^{\alpha }.$
$\int (e^{2\pi i\int_l\omega}-1)\mu(dl)=\dfrac{d}{ds}_{ | s=0}\frac{1}{\Gamma(s)}\int T^s( e^{2\pi i\int_l\omega}-1)\mu(dl)= \zeta_{\omega}'(0)-\zeta'(0)$, as the reciprocal gamma function vanishes and has unit derivative in zero.\
The distribution of the induced random homology $h^{(\alpha)}$ defined by the identity $\langle h^{(\alpha)} ,\omega, \rangle= \sum_{l\in \mathcal{L}_{\alpha} }\int_l \omega$ for any $\omega\in H^1(\mathbb{R}) $ can be computed as a Fourier integral on the Jacobian torus. Let $d\omega$ be the Lebesgue measure on $ Jac$ and let $\vert Jac\vert$ denote its volume. Then:
For all $j \in H_1(\mathbb{Z})$, we have:
$$P(h^{(\alpha)}=j)=\frac{1}{\vert Jac\vert}\int_{Jac} \left[ \frac{\det'(-A)}{\det'(-A-2\pi i\langle \omega,d \rangle)+ 2\pi^2 \Vert \omega \Vert^2}\right ]^{\alpha }e^{-2\pi i\langle j,\omega \rangle} \:d\omega.$$
$$P(h^{(\alpha)}=j)=\frac{1}{\vert Jac\vert}\int_{Jac}E(e^{2\pi i \langle h^{(\alpha)} ,\omega, \rangle} e^{-2\pi i\langle j,\omega \rangle})\:d\omega$$ $$=\frac{1}{\vert Jac\vert}\int_{Jac}E(e^{2\pi i \sum_{l\in \mathcal{L}_{\alpha} }\int_l \omega} e^{-2 \pi i\langle j,\omega \rangle})\:d\omega
=\frac{1}{\vert Jac\vert}\int_{Jac}e^{\alpha [ \zeta_{\omega}'(0)-\zeta'(0)]} e^{-2\pi i\langle j,\omega \rangle}\:d\omega.$$
Analogous results can be given for the point occupation field in dimension one.\
**Generalisation:** Given a compact gauge group $G$ and an element $\gamma$ of the moduli space of flat connections on the trivial bundle $X \times G$, let us denote $H_{\gamma}(l)$ the conjugacy class of $G$ obtained by taking the holonomy of a loop $l$ from any base point. Given any finite dimensional unitary representation $\pi$ of $G$, let $Tr_{\pi}(H_{\gamma}(l))$ be the trace of its image by the representation.\
Let $\zeta_{\gamma,\pi}(s)$ be the meromorphic extension of $ \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(s)}\int_0^{\infty}t^{s-1}Tr(P_t^{\gamma,\pi})dt$, well defined on $s>\frac{d}{2}$ with for any $u,v \in \mathbb{C}^{dim(\pi)}$ $$P_t^{\gamma,\pi}((x,u),(y,v))=\int [\pi(H_{\gamma}(l))]_{u,v} \mathbb{P}_t^{x,y}(dl).$$\
As in the first proposition, an expression can be given for the expectation of the product of the traces of the loop holonomies.\
$$E( \prod_{l\in \mathcal{L}_{\alpha} }Tr_{\pi}(H_{\gamma}(l)) )=e^{\alpha [ \zeta_{\gamma,\pi}'(0)-\zeta'(0)]}.$$ For related results in the finite graph case, see [@lejanito] and [@lejanbakry]. See also [@LK], and [@Ken] for bundles on graphs.\
Holonomy classes cannot be added as homology classes do. Still some composition results can be given. See [@lejanbakry], section 4-3 for the finite graph case.
[15]{} Stéphane Benoist, Julien Dubédat. An SLE2 loop measure. Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat. 52 (2016), no. 3, 1406–1436. Isaac Chavel. Eigenvalues in Riemannian geometry. Academic Press (1984).
Pat Fitzsimmons, Yves Le Jan, Jay Rosen. Loop measures without transition probabilities. Séminaire de Probabilités XLVII. Lecture Notes in Mathematics 2137. 299-320 Springer (2015). Adrien Kassel, Thierry Lévy. Covariant Symanzik identities. arXiv:1607.05201 \[math.PR\]. Richard Kenyon. Spanning forests and the vector bundle Laplacian. Ann. Probab., 39(5):1983–2017, 2011. MR2884879
Gregory Lawler, Wendelin Werner. The Brownian loop soup. PTRF 128 565-588 (2004) Yves Le Jan. École d’Été de Probabilités de Saint-Flour XXXVIII - 2008. Lecture Notes in Mathematics 2026. Springer. (2011).
Yves Le Jan. Markov loops, free field and Eulerian networks. arXiv:1405.2879. J. Math. Soc. Japan Vol. 67, No. 4 pp. 1671–1680 (2015). Yves Le Jan. Markov loops, Coverings and Fields. arXiv: To appear in Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de Toulouse. Kurt Symanzik, Euclidean quantum field theory. Scuola intenazionale di Fisica ”Enrico Fermi”. XLV Corso. 152-223 Academic Press. (1969)
Don Zagier The Mellin Transformation and Other Useful Analytic Techniques. Appendix to Quantum Field Theory I, by E. Zeidler. Springer (2007).
Département de Mathématique. Université Paris-Sud. Orsay, France.
[email protected]
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Functional cloning and reconstitution of vertebrate odorant receptors.
The olfactory systems of vertebrates have a remarkable capacity to recognize and discriminate thousands of different odorant molecules. The initial step in the process of odorant perception is the recognition of volatile odorant molecules by a group of roughly one thousand G protein-coupled odorant receptors that are expressed on the surface of olfactory neuronal cilia. The aims of this study were to obtain functional evidence that these putative odorant receptors recognize and respond to specific odorant molecules, and to elucidate the mechanisms of odorant discrimination in vertebrate olfaction at a receptor level. In order to identify odorant receptors that specifically recognize a particular odorant of interest, we developed a functional cloning strategy in an odorant-directed manner by combining Ca2+-recording and single cell RT-PCR techniques. We then adopted an adenovirus-mediated expression system or a chimeric receptor approach to reconstitute the functionally cloned receptors for further biochemical analyses. We herein describe how we obtained experimental evidence for a combinatory mechanism of odorant recognition by examining the diversity of odorant receptors that recognize a particular odorant of interest, and by determining ligand specificity and structure-function relationships for individual odorant receptors.
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BGOcloud Hosting Company Information
BGOcloud Hosting News
Free IPv6 support by BGOcloud
27th Feb, 2017 14:09 PM
The European web hosting provider BGOcloud (bgocloud.com) announced that its clients can benefit from IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) for free with all of their Dedicated servers, cPanel, OpenVZ and KVM VPS packages.
Dedicated Servers by BGOcloud
13th Feb, 2017 15:52 PM
BGOcloud expands their variety of hosting solutions, including reliable Dedicated Servers at really affordable price. Benefit from a Dell PowerEdge Server, up to 1x1TB Enterprise Disk, up to 16GB ECC RAM and a lot more using a private server that is completely at your disposal. If you have specific requirements or needs - contact us, and we may build a tailored solution for you.
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TPSC
TPSC may refer to:
Tanzania Public Service College
Toronto Public Space Committee
Tpsc, a subgroup in terpene synthase N terminal domain
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Cuil Exits Stealth Mode With A Massive Search Engine — Menlo Park based Cuil will launch later this evening with an index of 120 billion web pages, making them arguably the most comprehensive search engine on the web (Google doesn't disclose the size of their index, although they claim …
Cuil Launches Biggest Search Engine on the Web — Technology Company Offers New Look at Search — Cuil, a technology company pioneering a new approach to search, unveils its innovative search offering, which combines the biggest Web index with content-based relevance methods, results organized by ideas, and complete user privacy.
Steve Jobs Walks Into the Trap — What was Steve thinking? I don't pretend to understand the pressures he's under, both physically and professionally, but calling New York Times columnist Joe Nocera with an “off the record” health update was a big mistake, completely unnecessary, and serves only to fan the flames.
Imagine if any other CEO pulled bulls**t like this — Here's an interesting experiment. Imagine what the reaction would be if a different CEO, one who isn't worshipped as a man-god by a small but vocal portion of the world's population, did what Steve Jobs just did to Joe Nocera.
Verizon Begins Competing for Cable TV Customers — Cable television subscribers in New York City will have another company to choose from starting on Monday when Verizon begins selling programming, taking on companies like Cablevision and Time Warner Cable.
‘CAPITAL’ UNREST CASTS GLOOM OVER YAHOO! — Yahoo! may have made peace with activist investor Carl Icahn, but its second-largest shareholder is still furious with Chairman Roy Bostock and CEO Jerry Yang and is considering withholding votes for them, sources told The Post.
IBM Announces Plans to Acquire ILOG — IBM (IBM - News) and ILOG (ILOG - News) (Paris:ILO.PA - News) (ISIN: FR0004042364) today announced they have signed an agreement regarding a proposed acquisition by IBM of ILOG to be implemented by way of concurrent cash public tender offers in both France and the United States.
Brandstreaming: What Is It & Who's Doing It? — If there's a hot new social media trend happening, you can bet that companies are trying to find a way to use it too. It happened of course with blogging, it happened with Twitter, and it is now happening with FriendFeed and other lifestreaming apps.
$80 Billion? Online Display Market Is Being Overhyped — For All the New Media Spin, It's Just an ‘Old’ Media — NEW YORK (AdAge.com) — The exuberance isn't so rational this time, either. — It's déjà vu all over again as the web giants scurry to build massive internet-ad networks …
Patent Office finds voice, calls for software patent sanity — The US Patent and Trademark Office is a convenient whipping boy for problems with the patent system. The USPTO famously approved the junk patents at the heart of the legal battle between Research in Motion and a patent-trolling firm called NTP.
Microsoft readies XP for One Laptop Per Child computer — Microsoft has quietly released to manufacturing a tweaked version of Windows XP to run on the One Laptop Per Child XO computer. — Microsoft's marketing and communications wonk James Utzschneider offered some detail about its forthcoming release in a blog post late last week.
Manufacturers Exploring Intel Atom-Based Designs — Toshiba Atom-based prototype from PCAuthority — With persistent rumors of some sort of tablet-based Mac, it is interesting to see what other device manufacturers are working on in their labs. Toshiba revealed last week a prototype device which relies on an on-screen keyboard.
About Techmeme:
At this moment, the must-read stories in technology are scattered across hundreds of news sites and blogs. That's far too much for any reader to follow.
Fortunately, Techmeme arranges all of these links into a single, easy-to-scan page. Our goal is to become your tech news site of record.
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Fearing further upheaval in the already volatile Middle East, the
United States has urged regional leaders to try to ease tensions.
At around 0610 GMT, US benchmark West Texas Intermediate for delivery
in February was up 77 cents, or 2.08 percent, at US$37.81. Brent crude
for February was trading 91 cents, or 2.44 percent, higher at US$38.19.
"Oil started the new year on the mend, as Asian markets reacted to
fears that geopolitical tensions in the Middle East may threaten the
supply of oil," said Bernard Aw, market strategist at IG Markets in
Singapore.
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Maybe the Economy Isn’t the Reason Why So Many American Men Aren’t Working
Many experts have blamed a poor job market, but new research indicates that an overlooked cause may be poor health.
In 1957, 97 percent of men in America ages 25 to 54 were either working or looking for work. Today, only 89 percent are. Italy is the only OECD country with a lower labor-force participation rate for men in their prime years. Just why there are so many men who aren’t working is a matter of debate. In a 2016 report, President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers examined the declining labor-force participation rate and suggested that a drop-off in good jobs for low-skilled men was part of the explanation. Wages, the report theorized, are so low for many jobs that don’t require a college education that men don’t find it worth it to seek out bad jobs. A lack of job training and job-search assistance—when compared to other OECD countries—makes it more difficult for men to move into more lucrative fields. And a surge in incarceration has made it more difficult for men to find work when they leave prison, according to the report.
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~ Copyright 2017 Adam Feinstein
~
~ This file is part of MTG Familiar.
~
~ MTG Familiar is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
~ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
~ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
~ (at your option) any later version.
~
~ MTG Familiar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
~ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
~ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
~ GNU General Public License for more details.
~
~ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
~ along with MTG Familiar. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-->
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Geometry, electronic structure and thermodynamic stability of intrinsic point defects in indium oxide.
Intrinsic point defects in indium oxide, including vacancies, interstitials as well as antisites, are studied by means of first-principles calculations within density functional theory using the generalized gradient approximation together with on-site corrections. Finite-size effects are corrected by an extrapolation procedure in order to obtain defect formation energies at infinite dilution. The results show that all intrinsic donor defects have shallow states and are capable of producing free electrons in the conduction band. This applies in particular to the oxygen vacancy. Since it has also a low formation energy, we find that the oxygen vacancy should be the major donor in this material explaining the n-type conductivity as well as the non-stoichiometry of indium oxide. In addition, we show that there are a wealth of oxygen dumbbell-like defects which are thermodynamically relevant under oxidizing conditions. Finally, we discuss defect induced changes of the electronic structure.
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Q:
Does jQuery have something like the :any or :matches pseudo-class?
I want to simplify my selector from:
'#a #b a[href^=mailto], .c .d a[href^=mailto]'
To:
':matches(#a #b, .c .d) a[href^=mailto]'
Is this possible just using jQuery selectors? Or do I have to do this:
$('#a #b, .c .d').find('a[href^=mailto]')
Which isn't as flexible.
A:
jQuery does not provide a selector equivalent of :any()/:matches() (of which :any() was the original form and it was first implemented internally in Gecko and WebKit). You will indeed have to break up your selector strings and make separate method calls, if you are unable or unwilling to expand your selector.
Which method(s) you use depends on where exactly :matches() would appear in your selector:
If :matches() appears by itself in the beginning of the selector string, before any combinators, as in the question:
':matches(#a #b, .c .d) a[href^=mailto]'
Substitute $() where :matches() appears, and pass the remainder of the selector to .find(), .children(), .next() or .nextAll() depending on the combinator that follows :matches() (descendant, child, +, or ~ respectively).
Reproduced from the question:
$('#a #b, .c .d').find('a[href^=mailto]')
If :matches() appears by itself after a combinator, for example:
'#a #b > :matches(.c, .d)'
Substitute one of the above methods where :matches() appears:
$('#a #b').children('.c, .d')
If :matches() appears as part of another compound selector, for example:
':matches(#a #b, .c .d) a[href^=mailto]:matches(.e, .f)'
Substitute .filter() where that :matches() appears:
$('#a #b, .c .d').find('a[href^=mailto]').filter('.e, .f')
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Q:
How to prevent colorbar from moving up/down as heatmap height changes? Matplotlib/seaborn
I am generating a heatmap dynamically and the number of categories on the y and x axes may be different each time. How can I position the colorbar next to the heatmap so that it is always anchored at the very top (basically first row of the heatmap) regardless of the height of the figure?
Here's what's happening:
I have so far managed to set the colorbar height and width using add_axes so that these remain constant whatever the figure size. However I am struggling to set its y-axis position dynamically. Minimal example below:
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import make_axes_locatable, axes_size
data = np.random.rand(5,5)
# Dynamic figure parameters.
topmargin = 0.1
bottommargin = 0.1
# Square height
cat_height = 0.4
# Number of y-axis points.
n=data.shape[0]
leftmargin = 0.1
rightmargin = 0.1
# Square width.
cat_width = 0.5
# Number of x-axis points.
m=data.shape[1]
# Dynamic figure height.
figheight = topmargin + bottommargin + (n+1)*cat_height
# Dynamic figure width.
figwidth = leftmargin + rightmargin + (m+1)*cat_width
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(figwidth, figheight))
# [x, y, width, height]
cbar_ax = fig.add_axes([0.93, 0.33, 0.13/m, 2.75/n])
# Plot the heatmap.
ax = sns.heatmap(data, ax=ax, cmap='coolwarm', cbar_ax=cbar_ax, cbar=True)
plt.show()
Basically colorbar is moving up/down when the figure height changes but I would like it anchored at the top of the figure every time.
A:
You could simply calculate the bottom coordinates based on the height of your cbar and the top of the heatmap axes
cbar_ax = fig.add_axes([0.93, 0.88-2.75/n, 0.13/m, 2.75/n])
0.88 is the top of the top subplot with the default margins (see plt.rcParams['figure.subplot.top']).
However, for this kind of things, I would use a GridSpec to define a grid of axes with configurable size ratios (adjust the height_ratios to suit your needs):
gs = matplotlib.gridspec.GridSpec(2,2, height_ratios=[3,n-3], width_ratios=[20,1])
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(figwidth, figheight))
ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[:,0])
cbar_ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[0,1])
|
Des Barres' Survey Methods
On the 27th May 1776 Des Barres forwarded a copy of his 'Map of that Part of
the Coast of Nova Scotia' to Real Admiral Alexander Colvill, Commander-in-Chief of the North American Station. Along with the map Des Barres included an account of his surveying methods as follows:
I
measured a Base of 350 Fathoms along a Plain on the western Side of Exeter
Harbour, and from its Extremities, having, with a Theodolite, taken the angles
of Visual Rays to Objects placed on the opposite Shore, which being calculated
trigonometrically and protracted in their proper Bearings on Paper fixed upon a
Plain Table, I then repeated with the Plain Table, the same Operations over
again, and intersected the same Objects from the Same
Extreemities of the Base Line, by which and other Iritersections, or Series of
Triangles, I had the Distance between an Object placed on Point Bulkeley and
another on Newton Head; from whence, by farther intersections performed in the
Same Manner, I determined the true Emplacement of Winter's, Roger's and
Barron's Islands, and of all the Ledges; thence, repeating the former
Operations from all these Islands, I found all the Angles, and Distances to
agree with what I had layd down, from the above
mentioned Observations, before. From Points as were most commodiously Situated
on those Islands, and Head Lands, I observed the Distant Head Lands, Bays,
Islands, points, and other remarkable Objects, as far as they could be
distinguished.
Next
I went along shore, and reexamined the Accuracy of every Intersected Object,
delineated the true Shape of every Head Land, Island, Point, Bay,
Rock above water, etc and every Winding and Irregularity of the Coast; and,
with Boats sent around the Shoals, Rocks and Breakers, determined, from
Observations on Shore, their Position and Extent, as perfectly as I could. When
the Map of any Part of the Coast was compleated in this Manner, I provided
immediately each Craft with Copys of it: The Sloop was employed in beating off
and on, upon the Coast, to the Distance often and twelve miles
in the Offing, laying down the Soundings in their proper Bearings and Distance,
remarking every where the Quality of the Bottom. The Shallop was, in the meantime,
kept bussy in Sounding, and remarking around the Headlands, Islands, and Rocks
in the Offing; and the Boats within the Indraught, Upwards, to
the Heads of Bays Harb" etc. Soon after, coming to reflect on the
extreemely irregular, winding and broken Shape of this Coast, -- which is mostly covered
with Spruce and thick Underwood, and thence perceiving the difficulties I had
to encounter with, in finding convenient Places of Sufficient levell and extent
for to measure Base Lines upon, I tryed the
following Experiment. I soaked a Dipsy Line in Salt water,
till it was fully imbibed, and then
Stretched and rubbed it tought, and with an Iron Chain, measured
100 Fathoms of it, with Marks every 10 Fathoms.
Just
before the Change of the Tide, on a calm Day, I fixed the One End of this 100
Fathom Line to a Station on Point Bulkeley and, with the other End, rowed right
out for another station on Newton Head; (whose Distance I already knew) when I
got the Line tought, I made its End fast to the Grapnell, and
let it run to the Ground; After this, I caused another Boat to take the first
End (which was fixed to the Station on Shore) and hawl in the whole Line till
it came to be perpendicular with the Grapnell let down by the first Boat and
thence to proceed rowing out again for the said Station on Newton Head, till
the Line got to be tought, made fast to the Grapnell, and let down as before; And
so continued: By which Measurement, I found the
Distance to be 510 Fathoms; longer by 5 feet than I had found by Intersections.
This same method I repeated in the Mensuration of a Line from the same Station
on Point Bulkeley to an object on Roger's Island, and found 1586 Fathoms to be the
Distance; longer, by 19 feet than I had found it to be, by the Method of
Triangles. Many subsequent Tryalls and Examinations of this new Method have convinced
me how Surprisingly it coincides with Mensurations performed, by the means of
an Iron Chain, on Shore, And, from these Considerations
and other Cogent Reasons, I have been induced to apply it very advantageously during
the Course of my Survey. The irregular and Hilly nature of the Lands along
Shore was, everywhere, sketched off, upon the Draught, on the Spot. The Interior Parts
ofthe Country were layd down from the Accounts of Bearings, Distances and
Descriptions, observed, with a common Pocket Compass, by Arcadians: Here the
Lands have a better Aspect, the Hills being but low, of gradual Ascent,-- fiatt
at their Tops, and generally covered with Beach, Maple, Oak, Pine and other large
Wood and the Lakes mostly bordered with Wild Meddows and rich Interval Lands.
At
the first Glanze of this Draught, it will, I am
sensible, appear inconvenient by its great Size; but when Your
Lordship comes to reflect on the Nature of the Coast, Surrounded with so many
Bays, Harbours, Inlets, etc and Small Islands, Rocks, Shoals, etc between most
of which there are Passages for Ships and Vessells, You'll obviously conceive
that the confused indistinctness unavoidably resulting from a Contraction of
the Scale would have rendered it of little use or no Service upon approaching
the Land, where the Necessity
is greatest. I did, at first, propose to make a
Reduction of it on a Scale of Six Miles to an Inch, but the Short Winter's Days,
notwithstanding the closest Assiduity, scarcely afforded me Sufficient Time for
compleating One Single Original Draught from my Plain Table Sheets, I was forced, for the present, to give up the Thought of
it. The Time and Opportunities I have as yet had in examining the Course of
Currents and settings of the Tide, are insufficient to enable me to represent
their divers Directions and the Velocities with which they run, in
the accurate Manner they necessarily ought to be described in a Sea Chart; as
the least Error or Omission of them, is often the
Cause of Perplexities to Navigators, and sometimes of Disasters.
This present
Summer, will, I hope, prove greatly instructive in
this Article.
|
Preseason College Football Rankings 2012: Analyzing Top Teams' Undefeated Hopes
While every college football team enters the season with the goal of winning every game on its schedule, there are only a handful of squads capable of pulling it off. And it's the only sure way to get into the national title conversation.
Let's the a look at the top three teams in the USA Today preseason poll and break down the chances that each of the top contenders have of running the table in the regular season. They all have a couple hurdles to jump in order to make it happen.
Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images
1. LSU
The Tigers will be relying heavily on quarterback Zach Mettenberger. His collegiate experience is extremely limited, but he has plenty of talent. Having to develop it against SEC defenses won't be an easy task, however.
Then there's the issue of Tyrann Mathieu. Losing the dynamic cornerback will not only hurt the team's elite defense, but it will also have a negative impact on special teams. Finding somebody to fill the void is one of the keys leading up to the season.
If those two concerns don't turn in to major issues, the schedule is manageable. LSU's two toughest games, against Alabama and South Carolina, come at home before an epic clash to end the season at Arkansas. The Tigers should feel good about going unbeaten.
Which of these teams has the best chance to go undefeated?
LSUAlabamaUSCSubmit Votevote to see results
Which of these teams has the best chance to go undefeated?
LSU
26.4%
Alabama
36.3%
USC
37.3%
Total votes: 193
2. Alabama
The road to a second consecutive national championship will be tough for Nick Saban's bunch. The veteran head coach will need to complete a serious overhaul of his defense in time for an intriguing clash with Michigan to kick off the title defense.
If the Crimson Tide are able to survive that immediate test, they only have one week to catch their breath before another huge game on the road against Arkansas. Having two of the season's toughest games right away isn't the ideal scenario while working in young players.
Things do get easier after those first three weeks, but the battle with LSU still looms. The defense should be in much better form by then at least. That said, if I had to pick one of the SEC powerhouses to finish with a zero in the loss column, it would be LSU at this point.
Stephen Dunn/Getty Images
3. USC
Things are setting up very well for the Trojans. One of their toughest games will be on the road against Stanford, but it happens early in the season, and the Cardinal will still be trying to get their offense on the same page without Andrew Luck.
A road contest against Washington has the potential to pose a problem, but the Trojans should have enough talent to prevail. The other hyped games against Oregon and Notre Dame will both take place at the Coliseum.
Matt Barkley will be looking to prove he made the right decision to return instead of going pro and will give the Trojans the quarterback advantage in every game they play, which is always key. I would give them the best chance of going undefeated among the top three.
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Friday, 25 December 2015
Not wishing to contend with an evening of dire XYL style Christmas TV (Strictly Come Dancing, Call the Midwife and Downton Abbey) I escaped into the shack and decided to repair my Vectronics VC300DLP Antenna Tuner. I got this ATU second hand last year and while it has been serviceable it had become temperamental of late. The units rotary inductor switch had become stiff and suddenly I was unable to match the OCFD on some bands so it had clearly broken.
I had a 12-position switch (rated at 5A) and knob, originally sourced for an abandoned project and hoped it would be suitable. The existing switch knob on the ATU wasn't an original, I'd assumed it had replaced one lost or broken. When I removed the cover it was clear that the whole switch had already been changed at sometime.
I also noticed a prominent burn mark inside the inductor coil, caused by a clear break in the insulation of the wire which was resting on the grounded bottom plate.
I know the previous owner of the ATU has a 300W RM BLA-350 linear amplifier, whereas I only normally operate around 30W maximum at my QTH, so not sure how much of this arcing I had caused but it needed sorting! A little over half an hour with the soldering iron and I had replaced the switch and slipped some heat shrink over the broken insulation and re-soldered the wire, lifting it off the ground plate.
The ATU seems to work well, now fitted with a new knob (just missing a cap at the moment) the switch turns nicely. I also cleaned up the SO-239 connectors on the back as they were tarnished and oxidised. I used a small bit of contact cleaner on some cotton buds to clean up the threads and the centre pins, removing a surprising amount of crud. The patch and antenna leads now screws on much better.
With the Mother--in-law staying with us over the festive period I suspect I may be in the shack quite a bit, I have plenty of jobs and half finished projects to keep me busy!
Tuesday, 22 December 2015
As a birthday present to myself I have just ordered a Retevis RT3 DMR hand-held off eBay which should be delivered just after Christmas.
South Kesteven ARS had a talk in October by Sean Burton 2E0ENN about amateur DMR where he demonstrated some handsets and the new DV4Mini which allows gateway and internet linking for the various networks, DSTAR, DMR and System Fusion. This piqued my interest in the DMR scene.
As I posted last time I dabbled a few years ago with decoding PMR DMR using software and a sound card but they were very hit and miss at the time. I reacquainted myself with the various projects and using the FUNCube Dongle Pro+ and the latest version of DSDPlus (support forum at RadioReference.com) monitored the nearby GB7RR DMRPlus repeater managing to get some reasonably clear decodes of some amateur transmissions.
I decided to dig out my Realistic PRO-2022 scanner and using a discriminator tap fed into the sound card got slightly better quality decodes.
Doing some research and reading a couple of reviews had decided I was going to get a Tytera TYT MD-380 when funds allowed but spotted the Retevis RT3 which appears to be identical and slightly cheaper.
I know some people wince at the thought of DMR and issues with proprietary technology used in some of the systems but I think the genie is out the bottle and it isn't going away soon. Adoption of DMR appears to be growing with talk of restructuring of talk groups needed to deal with the growth (whatever that means!) so I should at least get my feet wet and understand the technology.
I registered for an ID, now off to decode the jingo and understand all this talk of codeplugs, talk groups and time slots.
Friday, 20 November 2015
Here I am a month after the last post and it is has been a month of very little 'radio antics'.
I was acutely aware that since the end of September my wife had become a radio widow so promised not to lock myself away in the shack for a while and have been doing some much needed painting and decorating around the house.
I haven't been in much of a radio mood anyway as I have been unwell and am still not fully over my last wobble. Band and weather conditions have been rubbish with a sustained period of high wind and rain including storms Abigail and Barney. As a precaution I dropped the pole and it became apparent I had some maintenance to do on the OCFD.
The shack too had been in need of some sorting out, which I thankfully I did muster enthusiasm to tidy up.
While being largely uninspired I haven't been completely radio silent, I did get on air for the South Kesteven ARS 2m net but found myself suffering some QRM again
It isn't the first time I've seen this sort of signal, but I had thought it had gone away, it seems it is back and stronger! This was an ARISS contact I monitored back in 2013 before I was licensed with a similar noise.
After using the SDR to identify the noise I realised I have been neglecting the FUNCube Dongle for far too long. So ordered some new SMA adapters from HamGoodies and pressed it back into service. I have been using it to decode the telemetry from the FOX-1A (AO-85) satellite with the updated software and have now got myself on the leader board even if the collinear is currently horizontal about four feet off the ground!
I remembered I dabbled a few years ago with decoding PMR DMR using the SDR and a scanner with a discriminator tap using various programs but they were very hit and miss at the time. I reacquainted myself with the various projects and had a go at decoding some amateur transmissions.
I downloaded the latest program called DSDPlus (support at RadioReference.com) and monitoring the nearby GB7RR DMRPlus repeater managing to get some clear decodes with little effort.
Finally this week I gave a presentation at SKARS on the subject of HABs and how to plan a HAB launch. Following on from the Eggsplorer-1 and Hamfest "Pigs In Space" HAB launch I decided to try to explain everything I had learned for anyone else contemplating giving it a go!
It was a long talk (perhaps too long) as I covered everything from building the electronics, software, making the payload box, getting the right balloon, parachute, gas, obtaining permission and then the prediction, launching tracking and recovery.
Sunday, 18 October 2015
What a difference a week makes, last week I was feeling somewhat low and as a result ducked out of the RSGB convention as I wasn't feeling very sociable.
But this week I had to get my head straight since the South Kesteven ARS (of which I am Chairman) were involved for the second year in the Scouting Jamboree on the Air (JOTA) weekend operating GB5FSG for the 1st Foston Scouts.
But before that we were also involved with another local scouting group, the 1st Barrowby where we assisted in a class of 12 Cubs with their communication badge.
Together with Stewart (M0SDM), Sean (2E0ENN) and Konrad (2E0KVF) we spent an evening giving them a introduction to amateur radio. Konrad who is an ex-scout leader explained the hobby, Stewart and Sean helped them pass messages via a radio. There was also a timely visible pass of the International Space Station during the evening and I hoped they might be able to see it while I demonstrated transmitting APRS messages via the onboard digipeater.
Using my new dual band Yagi, laptop and FT857D in the boot of my car I did successfully get messages digipeated and igated however the cloud and rain prevented the cubs seeing the ISS pass overhead (I put the coordinates in slightly wrong, so are shown slightly south of where we were)
The evening was a great success and the enthusiasm shown by the Scout leaders hopefully means SKARS will be involved in more activities for the Barrowby Scout group. Interestingly we were not the first local club they approached to assist but after they were given the cold shoulder by them we were happy to take up the challenge. The Barrowby group were also interested in being involved in the Jamboree on the Air (JOTA) next year.
So on to the main event this week, the GB5FSG JOTA station, operated by Stewart, Sean and myself. It is exactly a year since I gained my full licence and this was my first Notice of Variation for a special event station, last year under the previous chairman we had run GB2FFC with some success but this year we hoped to improve the experience for the Cubs/Beavers and Scouts.
Firstly we had a much improved antenna installation, with Stewart's Land Rover and impressive pushup mast we had an excellent OCFD dipole, resonant on several bands including 40m along with another smaller pole holding up an end fed long wire for the datamode station. We also put up a collinear for a 2m VHF station.
Last year we were hampered by the noise of excitable children in the main room of the scout hut which made operating and hearing contacts difficult. This year we asked for some separation from the hubbub and had planned to use a tent. Instead we setup in the storage area in the back of the hut which proved ideal as it allowed us to control the number of children and allowed easier working conditions - it was a little chilly but much warmer than a tent would have been.
On Saturday we used Stewart's FT897 as the main HF rig, Sean operated a 2m meter station with a number of contacts. Like last year I had my FT857 operating a datamode (primarily PSK) but a damaged feeder issue curtailed this for most of the day and we soon concentrated on the HF SSB voice contact as conditions were good and the band was busy with other JOTA stations.
In keeping with the aims of JOTA we didn't chase numbers instead we had some lengthy quality contacts, including a marathon 30 minute plus contact with I believe was GB2WSG the 2nd Wellington Scout Group with lots of two-way greeting messages being sent to really give the children a full experience of using the radio.
The day before I had quickly constructed a Morse code oscillator (since I didn't have one) using an arduino board and an old computer speaker for added volume and this proved popular as the children tapped out their own names, their friends names, call signs, their ages and various words.
I had created some certificates and stickers to reward the children and to prove they had completed the tasks should they need them for any future scouting badges and awards.
Sunday we just operated for the morning and since Stewart couldn't attend I brought along my FT450D and Sean and myself operated on HF SSB. Sadly my poor Morse oscillator failed quite spectacularly in a puff of smoke but all was not lost as again conditions were excellent and we were able to pass lots of greeting messages again. I haven't used the FT450D in anger so it was excellent to let it stretch its legs and the audio and DSP proved excellent in dealing with the QRM from the contest running at the same time.
Working with the Scouts this week has really was a therapeutic exercise for my soul and made me glad I got licenced and was able to get involved with this. I am not naturally comfortable with children, since I am not a parent. But it was rewarding seeing the look of wonder on some of their faces as they passed messages.. like it was magic ;-)
Saturday, 10 October 2015
This time last year I was preparing to take my advanced licence exam at the RSGB Convention (which I passed) and I vowed to attend this years convention proper.
Unfortunately I have a had a bit of a wobble emotionally and despite having booked day tickets I have decided at the last minute not to attend.
The past few weeks have had plenty of euphoric moments, with the successful flight of my the high altitude balloon at the recent hamfest and my first satellite QSO however following these highs I have suddenly found myself in a bit of a low, this is due to a number of factors.
This isn't the first time I have been in one of these dark moods. Sadly apart from my hobby, which has become a crutch I realise I am again stuck in a rut and I know I have to make a number of major decisions to put things back on track.
Wednesday, 7 October 2015
Sunday I took part in my first RAYNET event at the Walk for Parkinson's at Burghley House in Lincolnshire. This was a sponsored walk to raise money for Parkinson's UK a research and support charity working to help find a cure and improve life for those affected by Parkinson’s disease.
Starting at the Burghley House stately home, participants could chose to do either a gentle 3 mile stroll within the grounds or a more challenging 10-mile walk out of the park and through the Barnack Hills and Holes National Nature Reserve.
RAYNET's task was to provide communication support to the organisers with operators situated around the course at various marshalling points to pass messages and if necessary request assistance.
Earlier in the year there was a presentation about the work of RAYNET at the South Kesteven ARS by Jim Wheeldon (M0JHW) and Alan Clarke (M0NLR) after which I'd offered my services for future events, so when Jim called me and asked for some help I was happy to oblige.
My task was quite straightforward, simply manning one of the marshal points along the course directing the walkers and making sure they were happy and injury free, if not I was to call for assistance. Despite being under the weather for the last few days with a bad head cold and a painful sore throat I still turned out and really enjoyed helping.
It was nice to use my radio licence and equipment for something useful, spending a pleasant morning in the sunshine talking to the walkers and some local residents explaining all about amateur radio.
RAYNET was formed back in the 1950s following the East Coast floods to provide a way of organising the valuable resource that Amateur Radio is able to provide to the community. While it is called the Radio Amateurs’ Emergency Network the majority of its work nowadays is to provide support to community events, like the sponsored walk.
However it can still be called up to offer assistance at incidents such as the recent Shoreham Airshow plane crash. The South Sussex RAYNET group, assisted by members of South Kent RAYNET, were already providing communications support for the organisers and the user
services at the airshow when the Hawker Hunter aircraft crashed into vehicles on the A27 during a flying display.
It was reported that following the crash the area was in lock down in four hours and it the demand on the local mobile networks by concerned spectators, residents and residents outstripped capacity making normal communication difficult. RAYNET operators were able to provide much needed support in the aftermath.
Abdel explained all the current active satellites, how to work through them and gave hints and described techniques for achieving success on this more challenging mode of operation.
Spurred on I opted to target the SO-50 satellite which until very recently this was the only satellite carrying a FM transponder. The satellite receives on 145.850 MHz and retransmits them on 436.800 MHz (+/- 10
kHz Doppler shift). Operation requires the use of CTCSS (PL) tones of 74.4 Hz which starts a 10 minute timer and then a 67
Hz tone used for the contact. More details of how to operate and a video are on the AMSAT-UK website
I initially tried using just a suitably programmed Baofeng UV-5R with a NA771 whip and could clearly hear the downlink on higher passes, I called a few times with no luck.
I hadn't monitored SO-50 much before and sadly it seems to suffer from very poor operating, with stations calling over contacts in progress, or stations continually calling CQ CQ seemingly oblivious to any reply and those that just keep calling "hola hola hola" for whatever bizarre reason! I would be lucky to get through the QRM with just the whip so I needed a better antenna.
Despite being extremely busy at the National Hamfest last weekend I did manage to get hold of a dual band Yagi that was reasonably lightweight for hand held use and capable of being easily dismantled for transporting. (The Moonraker YG27-35 Dual Band) it has a single feed point and two adjustable gamma match sliders and was easy to adjust using my analyser.
It has a single feed and I tried it with the Baofeng and reception of the downlink was excellent, again on a couple of passes I tried answering calls with no success.
Last night I decided to try again but with the FT-857D set at 10W output. I put it on a small workbench in the garden and powered it from my portable SLA battery. I ran split operation with the 2m Tx VFO set at 145.850MHz with 67Hz CTCSS, the 70cm Rx VFO set at 436.800Mhz I was able to adjusted it down in 5kHz steps during the pass. I got the wife to take a picture while I was operating.
As I started to hear the downlink I heard Abdel M0NPT calling and answered him, I was shocked when he came back and we exchanging details - that was it I had made my first QSO via an amateur radio satellite! Then amazingly other stations started calling me and I was able to also work DO2SYD.
I did manage to record it on a small dictaphone (did have a bit of a brain fade with my callsign at one point!)
I could get hooked on this... There is also the new LilacSat-2 (CAS-3H) satellite with a FM transponder to try to work!So much to do, so little time...
Thursday, 1 October 2015
It has been five days since PINKY and PIGLET had their successful flight into the stratosphere. I have been studying the telemetry data and the photographs. I am really pleased with them but it makes the failure of previous Eggsplorer-1 mission to get any wow images more painful.
I checked out the telemetry statistics on http://habitat.habhub.org/stats/ and was impressed with the number of people who tracked (as can be seen in the pie chart below) I know that several interested parties have since visited the UKHAS wiki and have been asking questions on the IRC channel on how to do a flight and/or develop their own trackers. Naturally I have also been thinking about some possible future flights.
While the novelty of flying something into space, be it a toy pig or an egg is satisfying I would like to make any future flight serve some purpose, whether collecting more data or ideally doing some experiment with radio even if it within the constraints of the UK draconian regulations when operating in the air!
One set of data I did extract was the temperature profile during the flight. PINKY had two sensors, one internal to the Styrofoam box, the other external. PIGLET also had a temperature/pressure sensor but it was giving odd readings during the flight so have ignored that.
The graph shows internal/external temperature recorded by PINKY against altitude, there are two plots for each showing the ascent profile and the decent. The lowest temperature recorded by the external temperature was -49.5°C (-57.1°F) and the foam did a good job of insulating the internal electronics, though it drop below 0°C during the decent.
One thing I will do on the next flight (if it happens) is take a lot more photographs, using a 32GB memory card I could have held a lot more images. Also I will look at embedding the GPS coordinates (geotagging) into the image files.
I will also put on board a video camera, I did purchase a cheap dash cam type for £20 one off eBay for the Eggsplorer-1 but didn't use it because of sea-landing, I need to sort out powering it as the internal battery wouldn't last for the duration of the flight.
I have still to investigate the issues with the LoRa as to why it failed. This weekend Dave Akerman is flying three balloons in succession with LoRa tracker modules. They will be set up to work in a mesh, receiving and repeat each others telemetry. Sounds an interesting experiment, I will have to set my LoRa gateway back up and attempt to receive them.
Sunday, 27 September 2015
The National Hamfest high altitude balloon flew on Saturday and Pinky Pig reached a maximum altitude of nearly 26km (25,927m / 96,873 feet) as pictured above.
The flight originally planned for Friday had to be postponed due to wind direction and restrictions but I had sort approval for both days and was able to fly on Saturday. The conditions were perfect on launch day, clear blue sky with little cloud and almost no wind. Flight prediction put it landing around 25km away.
Both payload trackers worked flawlessly, PINKY the high speed RTTY successfully sent SSDV as well as telemetry and the backup tracker PIGLET sent the slow speed RTTY telemetry. Trackers from all over the UK as well as France, Holland and Poland received data and uploaded data to the UKHAS website.
The flight can be seen visualised in Google Earth below and while the 26km altitude was impressive it was around 4km less than I'd planned.
The launch certainly created a great deal of interest at the Hamfest, on the Friday we setup the club tent for South Kesteven ARS with a tracking station and demonstrated the payloads to interested visitors. Stewart (M0SDM) used his Land Rover with a push up mast for a pair of collinear X-50s so we could receive and decode. The mast and the Land Rover generated just as much interest.
Once filled to give the correct lift I sealed it off and checked everything was working then without a breath of wind slowly let the balloon rise, taking the weight of the payloads and once I was sure there were no aircraft flying nearby I let her go. The sky was clear and the balloon went up near vertically and could be seen for quite a long time as it ascended. Representatives of the RSGB and RadCom were in attendance to take photos and did a quick interview.
The tracking station was then full of people as the telemetry and pictures started to be received. It was great to see the huge interest in the balloon.
As the balloon started to near the planned maximum altitude I began to get ready to set off to recover it then suddenly I was told it had burst sooner than expected. I got a hurry up at which point the laptop and mobile connection decided to stop working! However I knew where to head off with my poor brother trying to sort it out as I drove.
Stewart telephoned and gave me directions of where the live prediction and tracking had put the landing spot. My wife also set off from home to come and assist. In the car we were receiving a signal but were struggling to decode and couldn't get on the internet to check the tracking.
I eventually pulled up near the landing zone, while trying to decode the weak signal another car pulled up with two radio amateurs who had been tracking the balloon. I was a little preoccupied and they eventually said they were off and wished us luck. I then realised we were the wrong side of the hill and turned around and drove up to the top and the signal strength increased.
Stewart had phoned to tell me to find the Viking way footpath, as we reached ground zero we saw the other amateurs car and they were setting off down the footpath! It was my flight I wanted to be the first to find it!
My wife then pulled up and was about to set off after them! Then I started getting successful decodes! With the new landing position in the GPS my wife raced off in hot pursuit as I sorted out the car and then followed her with my brother. It was a reasonable walk of around 800m and as we got near it became apparent the other team had been using the online tracker and had only got the last received position which had been sent from around 254m altitude. However the payload was still transmitting strongly and we were decoding it and it was reporting it was in fact at 115m altitude - they were therefore several hundred meters in the wrong direction.
Our accurate location gave us the edge and a quick hop up a bank into a stubble field and a 200m jog my brother spotted the parachute... we had found Pinky and Piglet and got there first!
I was surprised to find most of the balloon still attached, it hadn't so much burst as split in a single tear
The payloads had no damage, other than the antenna being bent by the landing
PIGLET had landed as planned and tested, I had put the battery pack at the top of the box the top heavy center of gravity causing it to roll on landing so the antenna would be upright. It was in a perfect orientation hence the strong signal.
The other chase team turned up and congratulated us then left... my apologies but I was in my own little happy place to be sociable. We then then had the obligatory team photograph before setting back to the Hamfest.
It has been an excellent experience and adventure. The pictures are better than I could have hoped for! Thanks to my understanding wife, my brother David and Stewart for setting up the antennas for the tracking station and manning it on his own while we went off to recover the payload.
Thanks to the organisers of the National Hamfest and Graham Boor (G8NWC) for asking me to do the flight and helping fund the venture and I hope it succeeded in publicising the event and the hobby.
Thursday, 24 September 2015
Given the latest flight path prediction, weather forecast and approval restrictions I will unfortunately have to likely postpone the National Hamfest high altitude balloon till Saturday.
The forecast for tomorrow is strong gusty winds at ground level which isn't ideal for launching, but that is the least of the issues.
The current flight predictions for tomorrow are not good. The prediction model used is accurate and for the size of balloon I have and the amount of helium at my disposal even a maximum fill giving the maximum ascent rate and assuming the calculated decent rate for the parachute it is still putting the likely landing right on the coast. Earlier in the week the landing wasn't quite as marginal but as the model's data set have been updated it has drifted further eastward, it is odds on it will actually land out to sea.
However the real show stopper was when I received the CAA approval for the launch this morning. They have put a restriction not permitting a launch if the balloon and payload is likely to go on a North Easterly or Easterly path that could interfere with operations on local military airfields.
This is the predicted flight path, generated by the CUSG Landing predictor at predict.habhub.org and the flight path currently goes directly over RAF Cranwell but not at a high enough altitude.
Flight prediction for Friday
Saturday is forecast to be a much calmer day with a predicted path as shown below
Flight prediction for Saturday
There would be no issues with the airfields for that flight path and has the advantage of going almost straight up and landing close by.
Apologies to those wanting to track on Friday, but the situation is out of my control and I would be foolhardy to ignore the prediction and it is very unlikely it will change significantly to allow a flight tomorrow so I hope you can all track on Saturday. I will still be at the Hamfest tomorrow with the equipment if you want to know more about what it is all about.
Tuesday, 22 September 2015
Not long now! Just three days left till the National Hamfest and hopefully the launch of my second high altitude balloon.
Balloon, parachute and helium have all been purchased and payloads have under gone final testing and have been put to one side ready for the flight which should hopefully be around 12pm on Friday 25th September.
They will transmit using the UKHAS telemetry protocol and can be tracked on tracker.habhub.org for information on how to receive and upload data to the tracking system visit the UKHAS wiki some information and useful links have been collated on the AMSAT-UK website
I was hoping to also transmit using the LoRa system, using the callsign PERKY. The transmitter had been successfully tested but a last minute gremlin has struck and it stopped working this weekend, I have been unable to locate the fault and suspect it is the actual module and with time being short have all but given up getting it working. If I do get it working it will be on 434.450MHz in Mode 1
PERKY seen working on SDR
PINKY & PERKY tracker
I have already detailed the PIGLET payload in an earlier post. The PINKY/PERKY payload is constructed on strip board and was originally meant to to be a prototype, hence the rubbish layout. I had planned to build a better laid out version but the tight time scale, stresses and demands of work, commitments with the radio club not to mention nursing the wife as she recovers from a major operation scuppered that plan. Being pragmatic I decided it didn't need to be work of art to work! I have secured all the connections with hot glue and it has been drop tested several times.
"Pinky" pig will be the passenger on the day, donning his fetching headset. Getting him in the right position for the camera was tricky.
I am still waiting for the CAA approval, should hopefully get it soon. I have put in a request for both days of the Hamfest just in case, the latest prediction at predict.habhub.org shows if I get the fill right I might just escape a watery landing on Friday, however Saturday looks more promising at the moment - also the forecast for Friday at the moment also has strong gusty surface winds, which could make the launch problematic. I am still planning for Friday since conditions and predictions do change.
Friday prediction as of 22/09/2015
Saturday prediction as of 22/09/2015
I and other members of South Kesteven ARS will be in attendance with a tracker station on the day, so please introduce yourself and perhaps join the club?
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Q:
3-color a cubic graph such that a MIS receives only two colors
According to Brooks'_theorem, a cubic graph (3-regular graph) containing no $K_4$ can be properly colored by three colors. (Such a color can actually be found in linear time, which is not our primary concern.)
The questions are:
Does there always exist a $3$-coloring that uses at most two colors for some maximum independent set of this graph?
If the answer to question 1 is yes, can such a coloring be found in polynomial time?
A:
It at least doesn't work out that for every maximum independent set there is a 3-coloring of the graph which 2-colors the independent set. Here is a counterexample to that stronger version of your question:
The circles represent vertices. You can also easily check that the graph is 3-regular and isn't $K_4$. Open circles define the maximum independent set which gives the counterexample. (Unfortunately, there are many other non-isomorphic maximum independent sets in this graph, and at least one of them does get 2-colored by some 3-coloring of the graph.) It's not too hard to see that each of the two "halves" that make up this graph can have an independent set of size at most three, and hence the graph as a whole has all independent sets having size at most six. Thus the independent set given here is indeed maximum.
It's fairly straightforward to show that there's no 3-coloring that 2-colors the independent set. Let's try to color the vertices in the independent set Red or Blue, leaving Green as the third color, and derive a contradiction. We'll start at the bottom: the triangle there (with the red edge) needs to have one vertex of each color. Since the top vertex in the triangle can't be Green, then, by symmetry, we can assume wlog that the bottom left vertex is assigned Green. This forces the top of that same triangle to be Red-or-Blue, and the other vertex of the triangle to be Blue-or-Red (the opposite). The bottom right vertex being Blue-or-Red then forces the vertex above it to be Red-or-Blue. The two white vertices both being Red-or-Blue force the left vertex of the inner triangle (with all black edges) to be Red-or-Blue. This in turn forces the remaining white vertex in the bottom half to be assigned Blue-or-Red. The top two white vertices in the bottom half are then Red-or-Blue and Blue-or-Red, which forces the top-most black vertex in the bottom half to be Green. Repeating this argument for the top half, we eventually get that the edge that bridge the two halves is Green on both sides, a contradiction.
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During your Charlestown beach vacations you can easily branch out to explore a bit further afield, as the state is quite small, and most of the major attractions are closest to the beaches. You can reach the state's border in all directions with less than an hour's worth of driving from Charlestown.
Charlestown Town Beach is sandwiched between East Beach and the Charlestown Breachway State Park, facing Block Island Sound. The beaches here are barrier beaches, similar to those you might find in the Florida Keys. A barrier beach is a long, narrow island or strip of land that runs parallel to the mainland coastline and is not submerged by high tides. There are, as in the Florida Keys, often causeways built on these strips of land. East Beach is more than two miles long, but it has very limited parking (as well as limited recreational vehicle camping), so it can be relatively uncrowded compared to public beaches with more parking.
In between the mainland coastline and the Charlestown Beach barrier island are freshwater ponds. This means that the Charlestown Town Beach boasts both freshwater and saltwater fishing.
Charlestown Beach vacations locate you in a place with many things to do and some of the best camping in the state. Nearby Burlingame State Park is comprised of more than 3,000 woodland acres and has a large fishing pond with a good swimming beach. There are more than 700 campsites for tents, as well as a few log cabins and yurts available for very attractive rates. There are shower facilities, a children's playground, and a game arcade. On the pond, there is a boat ramp and canoe rentals. There are also hiking trails, which extend into the adjacent Kimball Wildlife Sanctuary. Pet dog and cats are allowed here.
If you're camping here, you'll find that you're only about a mile from Charlestown Beach and the ocean. This is an excellent alternative to Rhode Island beach rentals. The vast majority of the beaches do not allow pets, so this is a particularly good alternative if you want to bring your dog along.
If you have a recreational vehicle or mobile home, you could consider a strip of Charlestown Breachway for beach rentals near Charlestown Beach as these give you accommodation that are, literally, right on the beach. No tents are allowed and all camping must be completely self contained, so a mobile home or recreational vehicle is a must. There are restrooms, but no shower facilities. There is a pier and a boat ramp in case you want to go fishing, and several golfing venues are within about five miles.
Charlestown Town Beach has fine sand, and moderate to heavy surf, making it excellent for body surfing. There is a picnic area and restrooms. Pets and alcohol are not permitted. Charlestown Beach has some of the best saltwater fishing in South County, and you have lovely views of Block Island Sound.
A little further to the west of your Charlestown Beach vacations you will find access to ferries to Block Island or Long Island, New York. To the west is Misquamicut Beach. A little further to the east are the lighthouses and history of Point Judith and Scarborough Beach, the only truly Atlantic facing beach in the state.
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Dried fruit hypersensitivity and its correlation with pollen allergy.
A group of 102 patients (children and adults) with hypersensitivity to dried fruits and dermo-respiratory pathology underwent "in vivo" tests (skin tests) and "in vitro" tests (histamine release test, specific IgE) using a battery of foods and neumoallergens. We assessed immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE) levels as well as the complement (CH50), its components (C3, C4) and the possible presence of circulating immune complexes. Of the dried fruits the almond was the most sensitizing (89%, 87% and 68% of correlation between the clinical history and "in vivo" tests--skin tests--and "in vitro" tests--histamine release test and RAST--, respectively). As regards the other sensitizations, a hypersensitivity to peach was detected in 47% of the cases. As for the association between food allergy and pollen hypersensitivity, the highest percentages were for tree pollen (51%) followed by weeds (27%) and grasses (25%). The complement values did not show significant differences when they were compared with the control population. The statistical study correlating the clinical history with the results of the diagnostic methods--agreements between two or three tests--was positive (p greater than 0.05) for almond and peanut whereas it was negative (p less than 0.005) for hazelnut.
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Jayaco River
Jayaco River (Spanish: Río Jayaco) is a long river in the Dominican Republic province of Monseñor Nouel. A part of the Yuna River watershed, the river originates in Hoyo Redonda within the Cordillera Central mountain range.
The river flows east from its source and reaches its mouth at the Rincón Reservoir (Spanish: Presa de Rincón), a part of the Jima River.
References
Category:Rivers of the Dominican Republic
Category:Geography of Monseñor Nouel Province
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Link to Sea of Thieves Developer Podcast
As you may have heard, GameOctane cannot wait for Sea of Thieves. Sea of Thieves is the multiplayer pirate adventure that blew us away at E3. We love hearing anything and everything about Sea of Thieves, and the development team has created an official podcast for Sea of Thieves!
The first episode of Tales from the Tavern discusses some interesting behind the scenes info about getting the E3 footage ready, things that were added and taken away from the demo, and lots of other interesting Sea of Thieves and E3 information.
You can find the podcast at HERE or check out the video footage below!!
We will make sure to post links to future podcasts on gameoctane.com and on our social media pages. If you haven’t seen it yet, check out our interview with Mike Chapman at E3!!!
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Q:
SELECT clause for 3 data fields and display as 1 field
Table name : LOCATION
//LOCATION
CITY ROAD# STREET#
-------------------------------
ANSON 41 16
Following query:
SELECT (CITY,ROAD#,STREET#) AS "Location" FROM LOCATION;
hope to get following output like:
Location
----------------
ANSON,41,16
isn't possible to get something like this?
A:
SELECT CITY || ',' || ROAD# || ',' || STREET# AS "Location" FROM LOCATION;
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Interleukin 6 response to urinary tract infection in childhood.
This study analyzed the interleukin 6 (IL-6) response in 114 children with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Urine and serum samples were obtained at the time of enrollment. There were 90 children with UTI, 41 with and 49 without a temperature > or = 38.5 degrees C. The remaining 24 children did not have bacteriuria; 11 were febrile and 13 were not. The urinary IL-6 concentrations were higher in the children with UTI (mean, 129 units/ml) than in the children without bacteriuria (mean, 7 units/ml, P < 0.01). In contrast the serum IL-6 did not differ between children with or without UTI or between children with or without a temperature > or = 38.5 degrees C. The urinary IL-6 response was higher in children who were infected with P fimbriated Escherichia coli than in other children with UTI (P < 0.05). There was a correlation of urinary IL-6 with the degree of proteinuria, hematuria and urinary leukocyte counts (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively) but not with serum IL-6, CRP or temperature, and of serum IL-6 to C-reactive protein (P = 0.053) and renal concentrating capacity (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that infections of the urinary tract activate an IL-6 response in children and that the magnitude of the IL-6 response is influenced by the properties of the infecting strain.
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[Pharmacognostical identification and investigation of commercial product of traditional Chinese drug jiuyanduhuo].
Through investigation on original plants and commercial products of the traditional Chinese drug Jiuyanduhuo, the authors have ascertained its botanical origin and present medicinal usage, and found out that Aralia cordata is the main species of Jiuyanduhuo, and A. fargesii is another species that has come into use due to short supply of the main species, and A. henyri is used only in Sichuan and Hubei Provinces. Principal identification features of the original plants and crude drugs with 2 keys have been given, and TLC identification for 3 kinds of Jiuyanduhuo have also been carried out.
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The absence of clear immune correlates for protection against HIV-1 highlight the critical need to identify new pathways of host-resistance from infection. The overall goal of this R21 proposal is to identify novel mechanism(s) of protection in a cohort of HIV-exposed individuals who remain sero-negative (HESN) despite many years of high-risk behavior and exposure. Previous studies of HESN subjects exposed to HIV-1 through IV-drug use and needle-sharing (HESN-IDU) have identified several potential innate and intrinsic mechanisms of protection, including heightened Natural Killer (NK) cell function and increased resistance of CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection. Our preliminary data now provide the basis to test an innovative model for how these innate and intrinsic mechanisms of resistance may cooperate to provide a sustained barrier against HIV-1 infection in HESN-IDU subjects. Using a well-described cohort of high-risk HESN-IDU subjects from Philadelphia, we have identified a unique proteomic signature on NK cells from HESN-IDU subjects including the elevated expression of multiple interferon-induced proteins such as ISG-15, MHC-Class I, Granzyme, STAT1/2, as well as the increased expression of several members of the S100 family of immuno-modulatory proteins not previously identified in HESN subjects. Specifically, we identified the increased expression of two cytoplasmic S100 proteins, S100A4 and S100A6, that may stimulate NK degranulation capacity against virally infected cells and a secreted S100 protein, S100A14, that may augment HIV-1 resistance in CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that high-risk needle sharing in protected HESN-IDU subjects may trigger an anti-viral environment involving secreted Interferon and/or S100 proteins that can lead to greater NK activity against virally infected cells and increased CD4+ target cell resistance to HIV-1. In Specific Aim 1, we will measure the ability of NK cells from HESN-IDU subjects and NS-IDU controls to limit the replication capacity of Autologous HIV-1 infected CD4+ primary T cells using an HIV Suppression Assay. We will also investigate if NK cells from HESN-IDU subjects possess increased CD107a degranulation against HIV-1 infected heterologous SupT1 cells and if this correlates with enhanced S100A4 and S100A6 recruitment into the immunological synapse. In Specific Aim 2, we will test the resistance of purified CD4+ T cells from HESN-IDU subjects to HIV-1 infection and investigate the ability of the secreted S100A14 protein to further limit HIV-1 replication capacity. We will investigate the expression of known and uncharacterized host restriction factors in CD4+ T cells from HESN-IDU subjects by proteome analysis and correlate them with infectivity. Together, the Specific Aims proposed in this R21 will test the novel hypothesis that increased expression of interferon-induced factors and S100 proteins in HESN-IDU subjects augment innate and intrinsic mechanisms of resistance by increasing NK-mediated clearance of virally infected cells and reducing the efficiency of HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells.
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Peruvian prisoners hold their own Copa America tournament
Peruvian prisoners representing "Bolivia" arrive for their own Copa America soccer tournament at Castro-Castro prison in Lima, Peru on June 28. About 250 inmates at the Castro-Castro penitentiary will participate in their mock Copa America Argentina 2011 soccer championship, which will last for one month in Peru. The country's jail authority runs the tournament to help prepare inmates for life on the outside.
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I got my preorder of Unreal 2 yesterday. I started playing it after work, then on and off until now. I completed it with little effort. It was a gorgeous game in parts, and good fun, but two days?? I suppose I''m used to RPGs that last forever, but even FPSs like NOLF2 took me a week to finish. Shouldn''t game designers maintain the idea that a player may want more than 2 days (not fulltime) of play?
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I think it depends on the game; if it is very replayable, I don''t see the problem. For a linear, plot-driven game on the other hand, 2 days would be a bit disappointing.
A game I''m writing, still in it''s early design stages, will probably take only a couple of hours to complete at most - but you can play as one of three different races, and even with the same choice I don''t intend on having the same things happen each time you play it!
Actually, I would like to know what other people think about this concept. If it''s done well, would this diversion from the norm put you off, or appeal to you?
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depends how easily amused you are... myself, i usually get bored of games very quick. there are only a handful of games that i''ve actually complete, or perhaps still play... 2 of these include baldur''s gate 1 and 2... i just can''t get enough of them... then again, they aren''t fps''s. so if a game only takes a couple days to finish... fine by me, chances are i won''t pick it up again for awhile anyways.
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Maybe playing Unreal 2 just reminds you of playing through all the Half-Life single player mission.... realy, if *I* owned a secret government installation, I wouldn''t have included so many moving elevated platforms and acid-flooded rooms with lines of floating boxes to hop across in the building design -_-
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Yeah - but HL single player took me two weeks to finish. I agree with wojtos though I love the Baldur''s Gate series - BG2 took me over a month to finish, and I''m still working through IW2. It can be done in a FPS style though - with all its faults, Morrowind took forever to complete the main quest, and you can carry on doing other quests ad infinitum
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Some people want fast paced on-demand action. Others want long term plot and politics. Others are inbetween.
For me, about a month or two is the right longevity for a game. Long enough for it to dig itself into my dreams, short enough to allow for other games to come along.
I have about ten hours a week (on good weeks!) that I can devote to games. This means that if a game takes several hundred hours to finish, it''s eating up a huge chunk of my life, and unless it''s amazing, I''m going to resent it. But if it takes four hours.. I''m feeling gypped.
I recall "Loom" being disappointing. It was one of the first truly good puzzle-style games.. but I solved it in under three hours. For $40??? And it was the same game, regardless. On the other side, I found Wizards&Warriors to be waaaaaay tooooo ssslllooooowwww. I put in my time for about six months before finaly defeating it, and it felt like a hollow victory, for I had missed out on a number of other games -- but couldn''t put down the one I had put so much time into. (who can tell how close the ending is?)
But these were radical examples. On the other extremes I played Rama (a puzzle-based game, heavy on math) about five years back. Even though the ending was horrific (and timed!), the whole esperience was positive, even though it took my SO and I three months to get to the end. Because of the horrible ending we never finished it, but it was *still* fun. And one of my faves is Machiavelli, where a good "30 year" game takes 3-4 hours to play. It''s still on my hard drive, even though I have to take arcane steps to run it under current OSes.
Good games can be short but still have replayability... not meaning that longer games are necessarily better or worse!
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Modulation of semaphorin 3A expression by calcium concentration and histamine in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
Both neurotrophins and chemorepellents are involved in the elongation and sprouting of itch-associated C-fibers in the skin. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) are representatives of these two types of axon-guidance factors, respectively. We investigated the effects of calcium concentration and histamine on the expression of NGF and Sema3A in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and normal human fibroblasts (NHFb). NHEK and NHFb were cultured under different calcium concentrations (0.15-0.9 mM) with or without histamine, and the expression of mRNA for NGF and SEMA3A was assessed by real-time PCR analysis. An immunohistochemical study was performed for Sema3A using normal skin and skin cancer specimens. In NHEK, SEMA3A expression was elevated by high calcium concentration and reduced by low calcium condition, while NGF expression was not dependent on calcium. Their expressions were unchanged by calcium in NHFb. Immunohistochemically, keratinocytes in the prickle layer of normal epidermis and squamous cell carcinoma cells were positive for Sema3A, sparing basal cells and suprabasal cells. The addition of histamine to NHEK at 10 μg/ml enhanced SEMA3A expression but depressed NGF expression. In NHFb, however, histamine decreased both NGF and SEMA3A levels. Sema3A inhibits C-fiber elongation/sprouting in the upper layers of the epidermis, where calcium concentration is high, thereby determining the nerve endings. Histamine reduces Sema3A production by fibroblasts, allowing C-fibers to elongate in the dermis. In contrast, the histamine-augmented keratinocyte production of Sema3A might suppress C-fiber elongation and exaggerated pruritus.
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Bachelor of Arts
Anthropology - unit set code MJ-A000007
Burwood (Melbourne), Waurn Ponds (Geelong), Cloud (Online)
Anthropology is the study of the lives of people in a range of societies. This major sequence investigates kinship and family; gender; economic and political anthropology; work and consumption; religion, ritual and witchcraft; person, society and cosmos; death; the impact of and problems caused by expanding European nations on the peoples of Africa and the Pacific; globalisation; processes of change in the Third World; international tourism; festivals; medical anthropology; communal conflict; ethnicity; international migration and doing fieldwork.
On successful completion of the Anthropology major sequence, students should have the following skills:
A detailed understanding of cultural diversity
An appreciation of the full array of globalising forces at work in the contemporary world
An ability to reflexively relate the cultural realities of other societies to their own social experience
An informed and refined critical consciousness in regard to social life.
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“One would assume that when Trump got the nomination and won the election, that he would upgrade his act,” said Douglas Brinkley, a presidential historian and professor at Rice University. “But I don’t know if he has the ability to stop himself.”
Trump, who in 52 days will assume the most powerful office in the land, is taking the country into uncharted territory, a Twitter-age president-elect who historians say is on track to alter expectations of trustworthiness and factual integrity in government.
WASHINGTON — Donald Trump this week foreshadowed — with his baseless accusation of widespread voter fraud in the presidential election — that he could bring his well-documented habit of telling whoppers into the Oval Office.
The fact-checking news site PolitiFact has reviewed 335 statements that Trump has made since his campaign started, and found only 15 percent were rated true or mostly true — a far lower record than President Obama. More than half of Trump’s statements were deemed false by PolitiFact or, given the most untruthful rating, “pants on fire.” Of the four statements reviewed since his Nov. 8 election as president, one was “pants on fire,” two were false, and one was “half true.”
Now it’s not just the candidate’s credibility at stake. The reputation of the United States will be on the line. Any statement from the White House carries the potential to influence global financial markets and world diplomacy.
Nancy Koehn, a historian and professor at Harvard Business School who specializes in analyzing leadership, said Trump’s reliance on innuendo and conspiracy could erode confidence in the American democracy, which in turn, would “drive a very dark spike through the Republic.”
“If this behavior continues, we can expect American society to be denigrated, and our kids to learn a whole bunch of lessons we don’t want them to learn,” Koehn said. “All kinds of fissures and cracks will emerge in our social stability.’’
Many politicians color the truth, of course, and untruths from the Oval Office and other quarters of government has a long, bipartisan history. Erroneous information was used to justify war, including the murky Gulf of Tonkin incident as a trigger for American attacks on North Vietnam and the pursuit of nonexistent weapons of mass destruction to justify war against Iraq. Bill Clinton famously declared that he did not have sex with a White House intern, Monica Lewinsky.
But the best analogy for Trump, according to historians, is Richard Nixon, who mused about conspiracy theories and spewed racism that was recorded by his infamous Oval Office taping system.
But, unlike Nixon, Trump is not recording his unsubstantiated thoughts for posterity. He is actively broadcasting them to the world, live.
“There’s something Nixonian about Trump’s tweets,” Brinkley said. “But with Trump, we have the potential to see the dark recesses of his mind in real time, and that’s scary.”
Since the election he said he was canceling a meeting with The New York Times because the Times changed the ground rules (it didn’t), and that he successfully fought to keep a Ford plant in Kentucky (it wasn’t moving anyway). The biggest whopper came Sunday when he claimed — with no evidence — “millions of people” voted illegally in the election. Furthermore, he said, if those votes hadn’t counted, he would have won the popular vote, which Hillary Clinton leads by more than 2 million votes.
Trump also wrote on Twitter that there was “serious voter fraud in Virginia, New Hampshire, and California — so why isn’t the media reporting on this? Serious bias — big problem!”
California’s secretary of state, Alex Padilla, said the voter fraud allegations are “absurd.”
“His reckless tweets are inappropriate and unbecoming of a president-elect,” Padilla wrote on Twitter.
New Hampshire’s deputy secretary of state, Dave Scanlan, also discounted Trump’s allegation, saying the state had fielded only “isolated complaints.’’
Legal analysts have consistently concluded that voter fraud is extremely rare, and widespread voter fraud across multiple states remains almost impossible.
“We’ve heard this before and it has been debunked dozens of times and it just keeps being repeated,” said Gerry Hebert, director of voting rights at the Washington-based Campaign Legal Center.
Trump has not said where he received the alleged information regarding voter fraud. The president-elect has not held a press conference since July 27 to take open questions from reporters.
The allegation about 3 million fraudulent votes can be traced to Infowars.com, a conspiratorial website run by Trump supporter and conservative rabble-rouser Alex Jones.
Previously, Jones has come under fire for saying that he believes that the 2012 shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Connecticut, in which more than 25 people were killed, including 20 children, was a staged event.
For the allegation about the 3 million illegal votes, Jones cited Gregg Phillips, a former conservative operative. When pressed for evidence of voter fraud on his Twitter feed, Phillips linked to a statement from True the Vote — an organization that he says he’s a board member of — stating that it will present a “comprehensive study” on widespread voter fraud in “several months.”
True The Vote has not responded to a request for comment on the timetable for that study.
Republicans and Democrats alike were at a loss Monday to defend Trump’s claims.
“I don’t know what he was talking about on that one,” Senator James Lankford, a Republican from Oklahoma, told CNN, adding that he had ‘‘not seen any voter irregularity in the millions.”
“I think what I can say is an objective fact, is that there has been no evidence produced to substantiate a claim like that,” White House press secretary Josh Earnest said during a briefing.
Governor Terry McAuliffe of Virginia, a Democrat, laughed, saying there wasn’t a single instance of voter fraud in his state.
During Obama’s presidency, nearly 600 claims have been fact-checked, and his record is just the opposite of Trump’s: Nearly half were judged true or mostly true by PolitiFact, while 14 percent were false or “pants on fire.” Hillary Clinton’s record is similar to Obama’s.
“I feel at a loss for words when he says things that seem to be conspiracy theories with no evidence. We do the checks and say there’s no evidence here. But wow, it’s strange,” said Angie Drobnic Holan, editor of PolitiFact. “We’re in a new era of sorts.”
Other politicians, she said, will often change their rhetoric after being called out for pushing dubious information.
“Obama, we’ve noticed over the years, will change talking points to make them more accurate, whereas Trump will double down on things that have been debunked,” she said. “My sense is that Obama personally cares about facts and honesty and he’s talked about this. My sense is that he tells his staff he doesn’t want errors of fact in his prepared remarks. And we don’t find that many.”
White House speechwriters tend to footnote every fact, and a draft of every speech is saved so that each revision exists as an official record. Press releases and official statements go through multiple levels of review.
When representatives of the administration step forward, they have typically tried to hew to agreed-upon facts, even while offering up the White House point of view.
“As press secretary, I would be instantly challenged by a vigorous press corps, plus crowd-sourcing on live TV, if I said something factually wrong,” said Ari Fleischer, the press secretary under President George W. Bush. “It’s a great way to be certain you do your homework first before speaking. I often recall asking my staff to ‘show it to me,’ or I would press them on a fact, before I was willing to say it from the podium.”
Matt Viser can be reached at [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @mviser. Astead W. Herndon can be reached [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @AsteadWH.
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By Paul M. Sparrow, Director, FDR Library.
As we celebrate Black History Month, it is a good time to explore one of Eleanor Roosevelt’s most outspoken campaigns, and one of her greatest disappointments. Throughout American history issues of race and civil rights have challenged our most precious core principal – that all people are created equal. During the first half of the 20th century, racial segregation and discrimination were the law in many states. The notorious Jim Crow laws in the South prevented African Americans from getting a decent education, from owning businesses and even from voting. Mrs. Roosevelt spoke out against all of these injustices.
The Democratic Party controlled most of the South, and many Southern Democrats held powerful senior positions in the House and Senate. Their intransigence prevented President Franklin Roosevelt from instituting wide ranging civil rights legislation. That opposition did not stop Eleanor Roosevelt, who strongly supported civil rights and was remarkably courageous in her words and actions supporting social justice for African Americans. In the 1950s her work so angered the Ku Klux Klan that they put a $25,000 bounty on her. She received death threats throughout her life because of her work.
Nothing reveals her commitment more than her efforts to outlaw lynching. The anti-lynching movement was as controversial then as the #blacklivesmatter movement is today. Between 1882 and 1968 more than 3,500 African Americans were murdered by lawless white mobs. There were 28 such murders in 1933 alone. The victims were often tortured, beaten, burned alive and hanged. Almost no one was arrested or convicted for these crimes.
In October of 1933, on Maryland’s eastern shore, George Armwood was lynched by “a frenzied mob of 3,000 men, women and children… who overpowered 50 State Troopers.” ( NY Times) The NAACP called on President Roosevelt to condemn the act. Then in November two white men were dragged out of a San Jose jail and hanged. On Dec. 6, 1933 in a nationally broadcast radio address FDR finally spoke his mind about lynching:
This new generation, for example, is not content with preachings against that vile form of collective murder – lynch law – which has broken out in our midst anew. We know that it is murder, and a deliberate and definite disobedience of the Commandment, “Thou shalt not kill.” We do not excuse those in high places or in low who condone lynch law.
In 1934, Mrs. Roosevelt joined the NAACP and started working with its leader Walter White to help pass federal anti-lynching legislation.
White had been fighting for this type of law since 1922, and helped get the Costigan-Wagner anti-lynching bill before Congress.
Eleanor Roosevelt, Walter White Correspondence
While the bill had strong support, without the President’s personal commitment it was unlikely to get to the floor for a vote. President Roosevelt desperately needed the powerful Southern Democrats in the Senate to pass his New Deal legislation and did not want to risk alienating them over the anti-lynching bill. Tensions were high and so were the stakes. White tried to get an appointment to see the President but was turned down. The President’s closest advisors opposed supporting the bill. White then turned to Mrs. Roosevelt, and she arranged for a private meeting at the White House on May 7, 1934.
Roosevelt friend and biographer Joe Lash later wrote that Mr. White arrived before the President had returned from an outing, and he sat with Eleanor Roosevelt and her mother-in-law Sara and had tea. As he describes it, FDR arrived in good cheer, having spent the afternoon on the Potomac River. But the mood soon changed. As the President explained his predicament, giving one reason after another why he couldn’t support the bill, White countered with detailed arguments. Finally, exasperated, FDR said:
“Somebody’s been priming you. Was it my wife?” He looked accusingly at Mrs. Roosevelt.
He explained to White that “If I come out for the anti-lynching bill now, they will block every bill I ask Congress to pass the keep America from collapsing. I just can’t take the risk.” (Lash)
Then in October Claude Neal, an African American farm worker in Florida, was arrested for the rape and murder of Lola Cannady, a white woman. He was abducted from the jail where he was being held, and the leaders of the lynch mob notified the press that justice would be served at the Cannady farm. Hundreds of people turned out to watch the lynching. The mob was so unruly that Neal was taken to a secret location, brutally tortured, castrated and killed. His mutilated body was hung outside the county courthouse. Sheriffs buried Neal, but a large crowd gathered demanding to see the body and a riot broke out. Nearly 200 African Americans were attacked and injured during the riot. The National Guard was eventually brought in to control the mob. The lynching and subsequent riot attracted massive news coverage, and many Americans were outraged and disgusted.
The murder of Claude Neal helped shift public opinion in favor of the anti-lynching laws. It also increased tensions between Walter White and the President. Mrs. Roosevelt found herself a lone voice in support of the anti-lynching act inside the White House. To show her support she attended the NAACP’s exhibition “Art Commentary On Lynching” which graphically depicted white mob violence against African Americans.
The President’s many enemies attacked Mrs. Roosevelt’s actions, and spread vicious rumors about her friendships with African Americans. Even FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover is reported to have thought she had “black blood.” ( source – https://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/lesson-plans/notes-er-and-civil-rights.cfm_)
During January and February of 1935 Eleanor Roosevelt continually pressured the President to publicly support the Costigan bill. But when it came up for a vote, Southern Senators threatened a long filibuster that would effectively block everything on the calendar, including the Social Security Act, which was FDR’s most cherished accomplishment. Despite a heated campaign by White, President Roosevelt remained silent on the filibuster and the anti-lynching bill died without a vote.
The defeat was a bitter blow to Walter White and the NAACP. Mrs. Roosevelt herself was despondent over it. She wrote to Mr. White and told him that:
I am so sorry about the bill. Of course all of us are going on fighting, and the only thing we can do is hope that we will have better luck next time.
But “next time” was no better. In 1937 during another Senate filibuster of another anti-lynching bill, Eleanor Roosevelt sat in the Senate Gallery for days in silent rebuke of the shameful tactic. Once again the bill died without a vote. It was not until 2005 that the US Senate apologized formally for its shocking failure to pass any anti-lynching legislation “…when action was most needed.”
In her My Day column on Dec. 12, 1945, after seeing the Broadway play “Strange Fruit” she wrote this about lynching:
“We need to understand these circumstances in the North as well as in the South. There are mental and spiritual lynchings as well as physical ones, and few of us in this nation can claim immunity from responsibility for some of the frustrations and injustices which face not only our colored people, but other groups, who for racial, religious or economic reasons, are at a disadvantage and face a constant struggle for justice and equality of opportunity.”
Eleanor Roosevelt believed that lynchings and indeed ALL injustices targeting African Americans must be stopped. She believed strongly that black lives did matter. And she fought hardest and spoke out loudest for those who could not defend themselves or who had no voice. Ultimately her efforts to pass federal legislation to prevent lynchings were unsuccessful. But she continued her campaign for civil rights until she died in 1962.
Special thanks to Allida Black for her remarkable work on the Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project. https://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/
Sources:
Eleanor And Franklin – Joseph P. Lash
Eleanor Roosevelt Vol.2 – Blanche Wiesen Cook
The Eleanor Roosevelt Encyclopedia – Beasley, Shulman & Beasley
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Adding snow to an artificial Christmas tree
Snow-flocked trees have been all the rage for the past couple of years, but purchasing a pre-flocked tree can be pricey. Instead, add artificial snow to your existing tree in a few easy steps.
Do you have a neighbour that does weird things? Maybe they put out their Hallowe’en decorations in August or their garage is always open and it’s chock-full of chaos.
I’m that neighbour – and it’s to the point now where my neighbours don’t even bat an eye when they see 3 artificial Christmas trees and a 12′ ladder on my front lawn – in October.
BUT, in my defence I have to get my blog articles completed early so that I can share them and hope they spread like wildfire on Pinterest AND who wants to add snow to an artificial Christmas tree when it’s actually cold and snowing out?
I have pined for a flocked Christmas tree, but at around $700 it wasn’t going to happen via Amazon. Instead, I looked up options for adding artificial snow to your own tree and came across rave reviews for SnoFlock. (this is not a sponsored post, I found and purchased SnoFlock on my own).
click image to be taken to Seasons Reflection site
I had 3 artificial trees that I wanted ‘dusted with snow’ so I picked up the 5lb box of SnoFlock.
I started by fluffing up my Christmas trees like I would at Christmas. I wanted all the branches splayed out so that the artificial snow would hit everywhere. (Who would have thought I’d write a blog post about being a “fluffer” lol)
I started with our oldest Christmas tree – the one that I found hidden behind the furnace because we thought it was broken. I figured if I screwed up, a broken tree was the best place to practice.
Turns out the tree wasn’t broken at all, but it was a bit ugly with the old-fashioned fake pine needles:
I sprayed the entire tree (not plugged in of course) with the mist setting on my garden hose to wash off any accumulated dust and to get ready for the application of the SnoFlock.
I used a sieve and gently shook it over the damp branches.
After you’ve applied your flocking to the dampened branches, you lightly mist it again to turn it into a glue that will solidify.
As you can tell, I didn’t have much luck using the sieve the way the instructions indicated – I think I bought one with holes that were too small for the snow flocking to filter through. There was also the added challenge of a light breeze the day I attempted this, but the SnoFlock really does dry hard, so I would not recommend doing this project indoors.
You can add as little or as much flocking as you want to your artificial tree. I’m Canadian, so I wanted my branches pretty heavily covered – not quite as heavy as an actual snow up here, but heavier than a Georgia sprinkling.
Adding snow to an artificial Christmas tree takes the old, ugly needles and makes them really beautiful – and just imagine it with ornaments added and the lights turned on! (swoon!)
I added flocking to my other two trees as well:
I purchased a 5lb box of SnoFlock which covered these three trees easily, but I might have to grab another 2lb bag to give a heavier coating to the tree in the front. Just my personal preference.
The flocking takes 24 – 48 hours to cure, so I dragged my trees into the garage to dry.
I haven’t tried other brands of artificial snow so I can’t compare, but I will tell you that this was SUPER simple to apply and the results are spectacular!
That looks exactly like snow – right down to the sparkles that shine in the sunlight!
I’m totally buying another box and rolling wet styrofoam balls in the flocking powder – it will make a perfect basket of snowballs!
So, as crazy as I might seem to anyone not adding snow to an artificial Christmas tree in October – it was well worth the time and effort.
30°C (86°F) be damned! I’m ready for Christmas!
Pin it for later:
Maybe I’ll leave my trees out and say that my house is disguised for Hallowe’en! Yup, I’m THAT neighbour (wink)
I truly enjoyed your article! Your trees look so amazing! I never even knew a product like this existed; I mean I’ve seen the type of fake snow in a can, but it never looks real… This looks super real! I really want to try it now. :). Thanks for sharing!
I’ve seen the stuff in the can too and I knew I definitely didn’t want that look. This SnoFlock stuff is amazing – I’ve already ordered another package to flock my wreath and make some snowballs! Have fun!
My trees are pre-lit – so as long as your tree isn’t plugged in, you can can use a mister and the Snoflock no problem. My trees actually had a layer of dust on them from being stored in the basement (uncovered), so I actually hosed them down before starting. I’m not sure this is recommended or necessary, but my trees (and lights) all worked perfectly after drying. *Note- try at your own risk.
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Rick Steves Paris 2018
By Rick Steves, Steve Smith & Gene Openshaw
Book Overview
Explore every centimeter of Paris, from the top of the Eiffel tower to the ancient catacombs below the city: with Rick Steves on your side, Paris can be yours!
Inside Rick Steves Paris 2018 you'll find:Comprehensive coverage for spending a week or more exploring ParisRick's strategic advice on how to get the most out of your time and money, with rankings of his must-see favoritesTop sights and hidden gems, from Notre-Dame and the Palace of Versailles to where to find the perfect croissantHow to connect with culture: Chat with artisans in open-air markets, take in the works of Degas, and browse the multi-colored displays of macaronsBeat the crowds, skip the lines, and avoid tourist traps with Rick's candid, humorous insightThe best places to eat, sleep, and relax over a glass of vin rougeSelf-guided walking tours of lively neighborhoods and incredible museums and churchesDetailed maps, including a fold-out map for exploring on the goUseful resources including a packing list, French phrase book, a historical overview, and recommended readingOver 500 bible-thin pages include everything worth seeing without weighing you downAnnually updated information on the Historic Core, Left Bank, Opera Neighborhood, Champs-Elysees, Marais neighborhood, Montmartre, and more, as well as day trips to Versailles, Chartres, Giverny, and Auvers-sur-OiseMake the most of every day and every dollar with Rick Steves Paris 2018.
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This set of six quality shot glasses are perfect for all types of spirits, including Soju and Jägermeister. The Schott Zwiesel Banquet shot glass holds up to 75ml which is more than the standard double size shot glass!
Please Note: The diameter measurement signifies the widest point of the glass whether it be foot, bowl or rim primarily to aid with racking purposes.
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IMAGE, MATT KREMKAU FOR EMPIRE OF SOCCER
by DAVE MARTINEZ
It’s safe to assume New York Red Bulls head coach Jesse Marsch will be getting an unwelcome phone call from the MLS Disciplinary Committee this week.
Angered by a series of controversial calls and plays, Marsch took aim at referee Mark Geiger and the New England Revolution following Friday’s encounter.
“It’s shameful to me,” Marsch told reporters. “The game is supposed to have an honor.”
That remark was aimed at the Revolution players who continued play several moments after defender Kemar Lawrence crumbled to the ground injured. Kept onside by the prone Jamaican, the Revolution attack found a way to beat Luis Robles for the deciding goal of the match.
“They can claim they didn’t see him, they can claim that they weren’t sure he was hurt,” Marsch said. “It was clear as day that he was down on the ground.
“Not just one player saw him but their whole team saw him. That part for me is shameful.”
Team captain Dax McCarty joined his coach in condemning the Revolution, explaining the ensuing goal by saying, “That’s what desperate teams do.”
“Clearly that was the play that decided the game,” McCarty began. “There are a few different ways you can look at it. Maybe we are a little naive and maybe we should do more to let the ref know we have a guy injured and put it in his hands. Then again, what are we doing? It’s 2016. I guess we are asking refs to be doctors on the moment in the field.
“You would hope the team would recognize [Lawrence’s injury] and knock the ball out of bounds, but in the game these days, sportsmanship is kind of a novel concept we love to talk and think about but I don’t think it exists anymore in the game these days.”
Sportsmanship was only part of the issue. Referee Mark Geiger played a major role in allowing the play to continue — and followed that up with a controversial red card call on Felipe.
“[Geiger] has such a huge impact on this game by having a bad performance,” Marsch stated. “He can blow the whistle when a guy is down like that.”
Felipe put his leg into the path of Kelyn Rowe, winning the ball at midfield. His follow through, however, just clipped Rowe’s ankle, prompting Geiger to pull out a surprising red card.
Barring a decision to overturn the call, Felipe will now miss the Red Bulls’ coming April 9th match against Sporting KC.
|
News
Beach volleyball
02/08/2019
Swiss Gerson & Heidrich continue A1 Major Vienna winning ways
Vienna, Austria, August 2, 2019 - With only four of the top eight-seeded pairs from Norway, Russia, Brazil and Russia winning as expected here Friday at the $600,000 A1 Major Vienna presented by Swatch, it was the continued success for Switzerland's Adrian Heidrich and Mirco Gerson that created the biggest break-through to the last eight at this week's FIVB World Tour event.
Seeded 25th in the 32-team main draw, Heidrich and Gerson were a surprise winner of their pool Thursday with wins over hometown favourites Clemens Doppler/Alexander Horst of Austria and 2019 Tokyo Open silver medal winners Nils Ehlers/Lars Fluggen of Germany.
The Swiss continued their winning ways Friday afternoon by ousting 31st-seeded qualifiers Steven van de Velde/Christiaan Varenhorst of the Netherlands 2-0 (21-18, 21-18) in 32 minutes to advance to the quarterfinals of an FIVB event for the first time in their last nine World Tour appearances this season.
“We’re super happy to have won this match," said the 26-year-old Gerson. "We also won our pools in Hamburg and Gstaad, but we couldn’t make it past the first elimination match both times and now we finally did it. We didn't play badly on those occasions; it was more about one or two important points going our opponents’ way and today they went our way.”
Gerson added that his team "served really well. The Dutch are a great team and they played a great tournament. Varenhorst is a World Championship finalist and van de Velde is a very talented young player so we knew we had to risk everything on our serves, and we got some aces in the end which made the difference.”
By winning Friday, the Swiss will now play the No. 1 men's team in the world Anders Mol and Christian Sorum of Norway in one of four quarterfinal matches Saturday. The two have only met once on the FIVB World Tour with the Swiss winning a pool play match June 28, 2018 in Warsaw. Poland.
“They’re obviously a great team but the good thing is that we played only once and we won, so maybe we can do it again,” said Gerson.
With the men only playing one round of elimination matches on Friday, the top-seeded Mol and Sorum withstood a challenge by Rio 2016 Olympic silver medal winners Daniele Lupo and Paolo Nicolai to post a 2-1 (21-12, 19-21, 15-7) win in 56 minutes Friday.
The Norwegians have won 58 of their 62 FIVB World Tour contests this season with a 17-match winning streak as Mol and Sorum have captured six gold medals this season with back-to-back podium-topping placements last month in Switzerland and Japan.
With the women's medal matches Saturday with three Brazilian pairs challenging world champions Melissa Humana-Paredes and Sarah Pavan of Canada for the podium places, the men's semifinals will be Sunday. The winning teams net the $40,000 first-place prizes and collect 1,200 points towards qualifying for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.
|
Carbon materials are conventionally utilized for catalyst carriers, adsorbents, separator agents, ink, toner or the like, and advents of nano-carbon materials having nano-sized dimensions such as carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn and the like in recent years draw attentions for the characteristic thereof as the structural body, and studies for applications thereof are earnestly carried out.
In particular, characteristic structures of such carbon nanotube and carbon nanohorn attract attentions for industrial catalyst carriers, and for example, are described in the following Patent Literature 1 as one of the optimum catalyst carriers, and have been recently utilized for catalyst carriers of fuel cells. Patent Literature 1; Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-152,489
|
This invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to an integrated solid propellant gas source (i.e., gas generator) and fluid heat exchanger.
There are many situations where a heated fluid is needed quickly from a remote source of unheated fluid. One of these situations is with regard to prepacked liquid engine missiles, where pressurized gas is needed to pressurize oxidizer tanks. Unfortunately, prior art solid propellant gas generators are not able to pressurize oxidizer tanks, because of the reaction between the oxidizer and the gas generated by the solid propellant.
Prior to the advent of the instant invention no direct means was available to overcome this problem. Specifically with regard to the prepackaged liquid engine missiles, the options that were available were: (a) an independent pressurizing source, such as a nitrogen tank, completely separated from the fuel rich gases; or (b) the introduction of an interface protective barrier (i.e., a bladder) that separates the liquid from the pressurized gas.
|
# Copyright (C) Tal Galili
#
# This file is part of dendextend.
#
# dendextend is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# dendextend is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# A copy of the GNU General Public License is available at
# http://www.r-project.org/Licenses/
#
#' @title Convert dendrogram Objects to Class hclust
#' @description Convert dendrogram Objects to Class hclust while preserving
#' the call/method/dist.method values of the original hclust object (hc)
#' @export
#' @param x any object which has an as.hclust method.
#' (mostly used for dendrogram)
#' @param hc an old hclust object from which to re-use
#' the call/method/dist.method values
#' @param ... passed to as.hclust
#' @return An hclust object (from a dendrogram) with the original hclust
#' call/method/dist.method values
#' @seealso \link{as.hclust}
#' @examples
#' hc <- hclust(dist(USArrests[1:3, ]), "ave")
#' dend <- as.dendrogram(hc)
#'
#' as.hclust(dend)
#' as_hclust_fixed(dend, hc)
as_hclust_fixed <- function(x, hc, ...) {
x <- as.hclust(x, ...)
# these elements are removed after using as.hclust - so they have to be manually re-introduced into the object.
if (!missing(hc)) {
x$call <- hc$call
x$method <- hc$method
x$dist.method <- hc$dist.method
}
return(x)
}
# ' @export
# as.phylo <- function (x, ...)
# {
# if (length(class(x)) == 1 && class(x) == "phylo")
# return(x)
# UseMethod("as.phylo")
# }
#### This function is added in order to fix the Error of having this function missing in the namespace
#### There might be a better way to resolve it...
|
<div class="refentry" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><a id="glDrawRangeElements"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>glDrawRangeElements — render primitives from array data</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>C Specification</h2><div class="funcsynopsis"><table><tr><td><code class="funcdef">void <b class="fsfunc">glDrawRangeElements</b>(</code></td><td>GLenum </td><td><var class="pdparam">mode</var>, </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>GLuint </td><td><var class="pdparam">start</var>, </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>GLuint </td><td><var class="pdparam">end</var>, </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>GLsizei </td><td><var class="pdparam">count</var>, </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>GLenum </td><td><var class="pdparam">type</var>, </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>const GLvoid * </td><td><var class="pdparam">indices</var><code>)</code>;</td></tr></table></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><a id="parameters"></a><h2>Parameters</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>mode</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies what kind of primitives to render.
Symbolic constants
<code class="constant">GL_POINTS</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_LINE_STRIP</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_LINE_LOOP</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_LINES</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_LINE_STRIP_ADJACENCY</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_LINES_ADJACENCY</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_TRIANGLE_FAN</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_TRIANGLES</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP_ADJACENCY</code> and
<code class="constant">GL_TRIANGLES_ADJACENCY</code>
are accepted.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies the minimum array index contained in <em class="parameter"><code>indices</code></em>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>end</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies the maximum array index contained in <em class="parameter"><code>indices</code></em>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>count</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies the number of elements to be rendered.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies the type of the values in <em class="parameter"><code>indices</code></em>. Must be one of
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE</code>, <code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT</code>, or
<code class="constant">GL_UNSIGNED_INT</code>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>indices</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies a pointer to the location where the indices are stored.
</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><a id="description"></a><h2>Description</h2><p>
<code class="function">glDrawRangeElements</code> is a restricted form of <a href="glDrawElements"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glDrawElements</span></span></a>. <em class="parameter"><code>mode</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>end</code></em>,
and <em class="parameter"><code>count</code></em> match the corresponding arguments to <a href="glDrawElements"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glDrawElements</span></span></a>, with
the additional constraint that all values in the arrays <em class="parameter"><code>count</code></em> must lie
between <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> and <em class="parameter"><code>end</code></em>, inclusive.
</p><p>
Implementations denote recommended maximum amounts of vertex and
index data,
which may be queried by calling <a href="glGet"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glGet</span></span></a> with argument
<code class="constant">GL_MAX_ELEMENTS_VERTICES</code> and <code class="constant">GL_MAX_ELEMENTS_INDICES</code>.
If
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="italic">end</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">start</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
is greater than the value of
<code class="constant">GL_MAX_ELEMENTS_VERTICES</code>, or if <em class="parameter"><code>count</code></em> is greater than the value of
<code class="constant">GL_MAX_ELEMENTS_INDICES</code>, then the call may operate at reduced
performance. There is no requirement that all vertices in the range
<math overflow="scroll">
<mfenced open="[" close="]">
<mi mathvariant="italic">start</mi>
<mi mathvariant="italic">end</mi>
</mfenced>
</math>
be referenced. However, the implementation may
partially process unused vertices, reducing performance from what could
be achieved with an optimal index set.
</p><p>
When <code class="function">glDrawRangeElements</code> is called, it uses <em class="parameter"><code>count</code></em> sequential elements from an
enabled array, starting at <em class="parameter"><code>start</code></em> to construct a sequence of
geometric primitives. <em class="parameter"><code>mode</code></em> specifies what kind of primitives are
constructed, and how the array elements construct these primitives. If
more than one array is enabled, each is used.
</p><p>
Vertex attributes that are modified by <code class="function">glDrawRangeElements</code> have an
unspecified value after <code class="function">glDrawRangeElements</code> returns. Attributes that aren't
modified maintain their previous values.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><a id="notes"></a><h2>Notes</h2><p>
<code class="constant">GL_LINE_STRIP_ADJACENCY</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_LINES_ADJACENCY</code>,
<code class="constant">GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP_ADJACENCY</code> and
<code class="constant">GL_TRIANGLES_ADJACENCY</code>
are available only if the GL version is 3.2 or greater.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><a id="errors"></a><h2>Errors</h2><p>
It is an error for indices to lie outside the range
<math overflow="scroll">
<mfenced open="[" close="]">
<mi mathvariant="italic">start</mi>
<mi mathvariant="italic">end</mi>
</mfenced>
</math>,
but implementations may not check for this situation. Such indices
cause implementation-dependent behavior.
</p><p>
<code class="constant">GL_INVALID_ENUM</code> is generated if <em class="parameter"><code>mode</code></em> is not an accepted value.
</p><p>
<code class="constant">GL_INVALID_VALUE</code> is generated if <em class="parameter"><code>count</code></em> is negative.
</p><p>
<code class="constant">GL_INVALID_VALUE</code> is generated if
<math overflow="scroll">
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="italic">end</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi mathvariant="italic">start</mi>
</mrow>
</math>.
</p><p>
<code class="constant">GL_INVALID_OPERATION</code> is generated if a geometry shader is active and <em class="parameter"><code>mode</code></em>
is incompatible with the input primitive type of the geometry shader in the currently installed program object.
</p><p>
<code class="constant">GL_INVALID_OPERATION</code> is generated if a non-zero buffer object name is bound to an
enabled array or the element array and the buffer object's data store is currently mapped.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><a id="associatedgets"></a><h2>Associated Gets</h2><p>
<a href="glGet"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glGet</span></span></a> with argument <code class="constant">GL_MAX_ELEMENTS_VERTICES</code>
</p><p>
<a href="glGet"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glGet</span></span></a> with argument <code class="constant">GL_MAX_ELEMENTS_INDICES</code>
</p></div>
{$pipelinestall}{$examples}
<div class="refsect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><a id="seealso"></a><h2>See Also</h2><p>
<a href="glDrawArrays"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glDrawArrays</span></span></a>,
<a href="glDrawElements"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glDrawElements</span></span></a>,
<a href="glDrawElementsBaseVertex"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">glDrawElementsBaseVertex</span></span></a>
</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div id="Copyright"><h2>Copyright</h2><p>
Copyright © 1991-2006
Silicon Graphics, Inc. This document is licensed under the SGI
Free Software B License. For details, see
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022161616/http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/" target="_top">https://web.archive.org/web/20171022161616/http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/</a>.
</p></div></div></div>
|
In many sports, it is often desirable to practice with a throwback device that stops and/or returns a thrown ball. Additionally, oftentimes it is desirable to also have a sport goal with which to play a game. However, these devices tend to take up considerable space when in use. Therefore, it would be desirable to have a throwback and/or sport goal device that can be collapsed and/or folded into a compact unit when not in use or when it is stored.
|
Could a pre-season switch re-ignite a tyre war in the World Endurance Championship? Dunlop hopes so
Gulf Racing and Proton Dempsey’s switch to Dunlop tyres from Michelin in the FIA World Endurance Championship may seem innocuous enough, and might not have broken many back pages. But it could signal the beginnings of a renewed tyre battle in sports car racing that could stretch to the very top.
Previously it had been only Aston Martin wearing Dunlop tyres in the FIA World Endurance Championship‘s GTE-Pro and GTE-Am class, but changes over the winter have seen the Am class shift to more Dunlops than Michelins.
The key to Dunlop’s new stranglehold has been closer ties between itself and Porsche Motorsport, the team behind the new GT3 road car – its SportMaxx 2 tyres were designed specifically with Porsche.
While the GTE-Pro class is still the domain of Michelin in WEC – all except Aston Martin – the door could be nudged further ajar should the Am-class Porsches show an upturn of pace this season.
That’s how Jean-Felix Bazelin, Dunlop’s operations director, hopes things transpire. “GTE-Pro isn’t in our hands, let’s just see what we can bring to the Porsche. If the customers are happy, the teams appreciate the partnership and the drivers like the tyres then…” he says breaking off into a shrug and wry grin.
“Motor sport is about winning and learning, so we’re at the learning stage and if we can win at the same stage then we will be very happy.”
Things certainly began impressively. Dunlops topped each practice sessions in GTE-Am with Aston heading Gulf, thanks mainly to the evergreen Pedro Lamy. That continued into qualifying, albeit the Porsches slightly adrift.
The qualifying gap for the Gulf squad was expected. Ben Barker, Gulf Racing’s gold-rated pro, is possibly best placed to compare the tyre offerings from Michelin and Dunlop, having spent much of his career racing Porsches on French rubber. “They definitely feel different,” he says fresh from the car. “The Dunlops have strong points over Michelins and Michelin has some strong points over the Dunlops. We’ve found the Dunlop has been pretty good over a long stint, it’s not so good on a peak so doesn’t feel as good as a qualifying tyre. The stints are what matter in endurance racing.”
Dunlop knows its own weakness, says Bazelin, and has been working all winter to redress the imbalance. “We were behind Michelin on wet tyres,” he admits. “The slick wet was interesting, because on full wet Michelin was better but on a drying track with our hand-cut slick we were better. We can say, because we have measured, we were not at the right level in the wet.”
Should the pace be such that Porsche’s GTE-Pro cars fall to Dunlop, then could Michelin’s monopoly of LMP1 also be in question? “Everything is possible,” Bazelin says coyly. “At this stage it’s not only a case of performance but company strategy. Does it want a partnership with a tyre company, globally? Racing is only a small part. Motor sport is a marketing tool but also a development tool.”
Its presence could be felt again in LMP1 sooner, with Ginetta’s £1.3m off-the-shelf customer LMP1 not being designed specifically with one tyre manufacturer. Last season’s LMP1 privateer-winning Rebellion Racing ran on Dunlops, and it has opted to stick with Dunlop for its LMP2 campaign in 2017, so there’s groundwork already in place.
“Last year in LMP1 was a very good experience,” according to Bazelin, “the only disappointment is that it stopped after one year. We have been able to show – at least to ourselves – that we are capable of doing something. They were satisfied with the service and the product, I think. We know there are lots of other projects ongoing – the known ones are Ginetta, SMP with Dallara, but there are others. We have been discussing performance with Ginetta, yes; we are discussing with everyone.
“We can have the tyres ready to go within four weeks,” he adds, with another mischievous smile.
“We ran a new specification of tyre at Bahrain last year [the last race for the Rebellion LMP1] so we never stop developing. It’s more difficult now to develop a tyre because we don’t have a car to use, but in house we have simulations and models. We can find ways to test them though – the rear tyres are the same as LMP2.”
The new LMP2 cars, all Dunlop-shod in the WEC, have been drastically improved – so much so they have leapfrogged the one remaining privateer LMP1, the ByKolles. Power has been increased to 600bhp and downforce increased by 20 per cent. It showed at Silverstone, with tyres coming off cars worse for wear. But that season with Rebellion has made the jump easier to cope with, according to Bazelin, and offers a base on which to build from for the next level. “The tyres could be transferred to LMP1. There is a difference in front-tyre size as it’s bigger in LMP1 but we know how to do that.
“We need to see where the performance of LMP1 Private is between LMP2 and LMP1. We’ve seen at Monza the gap is five seconds and they are brand new, so they’ve done no development. They will get quicker. It’s not a problem, it just needs to be taken into account.”
He appears confident of a presence in 2017, but unable to commit to anything just yet. This year of tyre competition it now finds itself in could shape its future in the WEC. There could be more eyes on Gulf Racing and Proton-Dempsey than ever before.
Read more: Why Ginetta is stepping up to LMP1
|
Developing a questionnaire to measure the psychosocial impact of an abnormal cervical smear result and its subsequent management: the TOMBOLA (Trial of Management of Borderline and Other Low-grade Abnormal Smears) trial.
This paper describes the process of developing and testing a new questionnaire, Process Outcome Specific Measure (POSM), including an assessment of its content validity and reliability. The questionnaire was developed within the context of Trial Of Management of Borderline and Other Low-grade Abnormal smears (TOMBOLA) to assess the psychosocial impact of a low-grade abnormal cervical smear result and the subsequent management. A literature search, focus groups and thorough pre-testing involving experts and patients resulted in a short (15-item), easily completed and understood questionnaire. Questions address issues including cancer, health, fertility and sexual concerns. Repeatability was assessed in 110 TOMBOLA recruits using weighted k; all but one of the questions showed levels of reliability near to, or above, 0.5. Cronbach's standardised alpha was 0.73, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Each POSM item was correlated with the anxiety and depression sub-scales of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). All except one of the questions correlated more highly with the total POSM score than with the HADS sub-scales thus indicating discriminant validity. The POSM will enable comparison of the alternative management policies for low-grade cervical smears in terms of the benefits (or otherwise) perceived by the women managed by these policies.
|
Q:
The 2D array won't transponse c#
I have a simple task to transponse a square 2D array:
(I need to do it in a very plain manner, no containers etc)
static void Main(string[] args)
{
double[,] a = new double[5, 5];
Random random = new Random();
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
a[i, j] = random.NextDouble();
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
Console.Write(a[i, j] + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
double temp = a[i, j];
a[i, j] = a[j, i];
a[j, i] = temp;
}
}
Console.WriteLine("\n\n\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
Console.Write(a[i, j] + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
I was expecting a reversed array as the output. However, I got the same array here. Please, help me find out what did I do wrong?
A:
This happens because you are executing both for loops from 0 to 5. So you are doing the transpose twice.
For example, for i=0 and j=1 you transpose a[0,1] with a[1,0] and when i=1 and j=0 the values of a[1,0] and a[0,1] going back to its original position.
You can make the inner for from 0 to i, so the positions are swapped just one time.
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
{
double temp = a[i, j];
a[i, j] = a[j, i];
a[j, i] = temp;
}
}
|
Background
==========
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in the developed world and the second leading cause in the developing world \[[@B1]\]. However, systematic data collection in cancer epidemiology over the last 30 years has facilitated the assessment and control of the disease on a global level \[[@B2]-[@B4]\]. More recently, cancer reporting and monitoring projects, such as the GLOBOCAN 2008, have provided both region- and country-specific estimates of the burden of cancer \[[@B5]\]. Where country-specific data were not readily available, these projects would frequently estimate national incidence and mortality rates using incomplete or indirect evidence. Given the lack of complete data for Serbia, the estimates of incidence have been so far based on local cancer registries and extrapolated to the nation's population \[[@B5]\].
The first cancer registries in Serbia were formed in 1970, but became obligatory practice after a change of legal acts in 1986 \[[@B6]\]. Since their formation, information was collected separately by the two cancer registries of Serbia: the Cancer Registry of Central Serbia (CRCS) \[[@B6]\] and the Cancer Registry of Vojvodina (CRV) \[unpublished data -- Miladinov-Mikov\]. In the period from 1986 to 1998, quality of data collection from these two registries was rather poor, but, in 1998 they both became members of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and a new methodology has been applied which substantially improved data quality \[[@B6]\]. Although together these two registries monitor the whole Serbian population (excluding Kosovo and Metohija), they have never published cancer estimates on a national level. Consequently, epidemiological studies presented in the literature either relied on one of the registries, were focused on specific cancer sites, referred to estimates from earlier periods or only reported data for smaller time intervals \[[@B7]-[@B9]\].
The aim of this work is to present nation-wide Serbian cancer incidence and mortality rates using population-based data and to analyse them with respect to the global and European cancer incidence and mortality rates. Additionally, future predictions until the year 2014 on Serbian cancer incidence and mortality rates are also provided. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that such nation-wide population-based cancer data are presented for Serbia. This study is expected to enable the evaluation of cancer burden on the society and help decision makers in planning oncological preventive and curative health care.
Methods
=======
Data sources
------------
Local incidence and mortality data were extracted from the CRV and the CRCS, for the period between 1999 and 2009 \[unpublished data - Miladinov-Mikov, 6\]. Information on incidence and mortality were provided by the registries in age-stratified format in five-year age groups. Validity of the collected data was assessed through the percentage of microscopically (histologically) verified cancers (MV%) and the percentage of cancers certified only after death (DCO%) \[[@B10]\]; completeness was assessed through the mortality/incidence ratio (M/I) \[[@B11]\] (Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). Malignant tumours were coded according to the Tenth Revision of International Classification of Diseases (codes C00-C96) \[[@B12]\]. Demographical data were collected from the census in 2002 and estimates of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, for all other years of the study period \[[@B13]\].
######
Data quality indicators for cancer registry of central Serbia and cancer registry of Vojvodina (1999--2009)
**Cancer Registry of Central Serbia** **Cancer Registry of Vojvodina**
-------------------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
**Year of report** **DCO%** **MV%** **M/I** **DCO%** **MV%** **M/I**
1999 15.4 68.3 62.7 8.0 52.5 66.5
2000 12.3 69.8 57.2 N/A N/A 69.4
2001 2.3 N/A 54.4 N/A N/A 60.1
2002 3.1 92.6 54.7 N/A N/A 61.8
2003 5.7 91.4 56.3 N/A N/A 62.9
2004 5.5 88.4 55.4 N/A N/A 60.0
2005 5.5 87.2 57.5 N/A N/A 59.1
2006 2.9 86.8 57.4 N/A N/A 58.5
2007 5.3 84.0 56.0 N/A N/A 61.0
2008 5.4 87.1 58.1 4.5 84.6 57.0
2009 N/A N/A 56.4 N/A N/A 57.5
Legend: DCO% - percentage of cancers certified only after death, MV% -- percentage of microscopically verified cancers, M/I mortality/incidence ratio, N/A -- data not available.
In order to standardise the incidence and mortality rates to the world population (age-standardised rates on world population - ASR-W), the following procedure was applied for the ten most common cancer sites in each year. Firstly, we aggregated all new cases/deaths from the two registries per age group. Secondly, we divided these with the age-stratified population estimates for every year, thus calculating the age-specific incidence and mortality rates. Finally, direct standardisation with the world population was performed as defined by Segi et al. \[[@B14]\] and incidence and mortality ASR-Ws were obtained for the whole of Serbia.
Predictions and trends
----------------------
Next to descriptive information on cancer epidemiology, we aimed to provide predictions of cancer incidence and mortality. Since the quality of registration of new cases has been gradually improving through time, as also shown in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}, incidence rates reported in the earlier years (1999--2000) might be less useful for explaining the present and predicting future rates. For this reason, we utilized a prediction method which selectively chooses the most informative sample period, in order to predict incidence/mortality ASR-Ws for the years between 2010 and 2014 \[[@B15]\]. In particular, we used two different regression models: (i) one assuming a linear, age-specific change of incidence/mortality rate over time and (ii) one assuming a linear, age-specific relation between time and the logarithm of incidence/mortality ASR-Ws \[[@B15]\]. These models were used to predict the incidence/mortality rate for a target year, decided to be the latest year of the study period (2009). The former model focuses on the absolute change of incidence or mortality rate while the latter focuses on the proportional change of the rate. Hence, interpretation of the regression parameters should be done cautiously for each model.
In order to identify the most informative sample period for this prediction, we applied both models using information on incidence/mortality from the last four years before 2009 (i.e.2005:2008) and gradually added previous years one by one, up until 2001. This procedure resulted in 2×5 prediction models for age-specific incidence and mortality accordingly. The choice of the appropriate model was then based on the calculated standardized incidence and mortality ratios of the recorded versus the predicted number of total cancer cases or deaths for the target year (2009). The implicit assumption in this method is that the model that makes the best prediction for the most recent available year will also make the best prediction for the future years. After the best fitting model was chosen, predictions for the years 2010--2014 were made. The same model was also used for the estimation of the trend of increase or decrease in the incidence/mortality ASR-Ws through time. All computation within the analysis was conducted using the statistical software R (v.2.13.2) \[[@B16]\].
Comparison with the GLOBOCAN 2008 data
--------------------------------------
Contrasting the incidence and mortality of cancer in Serbia with that in other countries and regions in Europe, as well as worldwide, can establish the relative burden of cancer in Serbia. For that reason we compared the incidence and mortality ASR-Ws from the GLOBOCAN 2008 project \[[@B5]\] with the corresponding rates from Serbia in 2008. Site-specific cancer incidence and mortality ASR-Ws were extracted from the Serbian cancer registries and from GLOBOCAN 2008 for the European countries with the highest and lowest incidence/mortality, all European regions (Southern, Central-eastern, Western and Northern), and the world in total. It should be noted that according to the regional division in GLOBOCAN 2008, Serbia belonged to the countries of Southern Europe \[[@B17]\].
Results
=======
Table [2](#T2){ref-type="table"} presents the number of new cases and the incidence rates for the ten most common cancer sites as well as for all cancer sites combined from 1999 to 2009. In 1999 there were 26,121 incident cancer cases in Serbia (ASR-W: 209.9/100,000, ASR-W in men: 228.9/100,000, ASR-W in women: 197.5/100,000), while this increased to 36,308 newly diagnosed with cancer in 2009 (ASR-W: 277.2/100,000, ASR-W in men: 307.2/100,000, ASR-W in women: 256.4/100,000). For men, lung cancer had the highest incidence rate varying from ASR-W 55.5/100,000 in 1999 to ASR-W 70.8/100,000 in 2009. This was followed by the incidence of colorectal (ASR-W 1999--2009: 27.5/100,000-39.9/100,000), prostate (ASR-W 1999--2009: 12.2/100,000-29.5/100,000) and bladder cancer (ASR-W 1999--2009: 11.7/100,000-16.2/100,000). Among women the most frequently observed cancer in 2009 was breast (ASR-W 1999--2009: 51.5/100,000-70.8/100,000), followed by cervical (ASR-W 1999--2009: 22.7/100,000-25.5/100,000), colorectal (ASR-W 1999--2009: 16.4/100,000-21.1/100,000) and lung cancer (ASR-W 1999--2009: 12.0/100,000-19.4/100,000).
######
Cancer incidence and number of new cancer cases in Serbia from 1999 to 2009
**Number of new cancer cases and incidence ASR-Ws/100,000, male population**
----------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
**Cancer site** **1999** **2000** **2001** **2002** **2003** **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007** **2008** **2009**
Lung and bronchus (C34) Cases 3,281 3,621 4,135 4,131 4,092 4,139 3,992 4,044 3,795 4,193 4,354
ASR-W 55.5 60.7 69.0 67.6 67.2 67.9 65.4 66.7 61.3 68.0 70.8
Colon and rectum (C18-C20) Cases 1,690 1,729 1,953 2,130 2,166 2,202 2,240 2,094 2,459 2,698 2,566
ASR-W 27.5 28.1 31.6 33.5 34.2 34.6 35.1 32.8 38.7 41.5 39.9
Prostate (C61) Cases 813 973 1,127 1,279 1,333 1,354 1,501 1,662 1,776 1,891 2,193
ASR-W 12.2 14.4 16.3 17.4 18.9 19.1 20.9 22.9 23.9 25.9 29.5
Bladder (C67) Cases 733 890 955 1,044 951 1,000 1,009 1,045 1,126 1,044 1,071
ASR-W 11.7 14.4 14.9 16.0 14.8 15.5 15.8 15.7 16.8 15.6 16.2
Stomach (C16) Cases 801 837 908 972 857 840 789 747 890 855 729
ASR-W 13.3 13.6 14.8 15.4 13.6 13.1 12.4 11.9 13.9 13.2 11.1
Larynx (C32) Cases 604 677 721 709 679 665 618 732 677 661 626
ASR-W 10.5 11.7 12.4 12.1 11.6 11.2 10.6 12.5 11.4 11.2 10.6
Brain (C71) Cases 349 378 377 414 465 473 396 423 413 393 396
ASR-W 7.1 8.0 7.9 8.5 9.3 9.9 7.7 8.6 8.0 7.9 7.9
Mouth and pharynx (C00-C10) Cases 430 532 494 474 468 457 454 473 435 516 493
ASR-W 7.5 9.3 8.6 8.1 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.3 8.6 8.2
Leukemias (C91-C95) Cases 302 304 332 339 386 335 348 308 405 309 318
ASR-W 6.5 6.9 7.0 6.9 8.0 6.7 6.8 6.2 7.4 5.8 6.6
Pancreas (C25) Cases 326 337 432 435 399 458 434 383 457 476 450
ASR-W 5.4 5.6 7.0 7.0 6.3 7.5 7.0 6.1 7.4 7.3 7.1
**All sites (C00-C97)** Cases 13,344 15,062 16,128 16,670 16,617 17,049 16,943 17,349 17,801 18,565 19,076
ASR-W 228.9 255.8 272.8 274.3 276.0 283.2 277.5 284.0 286.3 296.1 307.2
**Number of new cancer cases and incidence ASR-Ws/100,000, female population**
**Year of report**
**Cancer site** **1999** **2000** **2001** **2002** **2003** **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007** **2008** **2009**
Breast (C50) Cases 3,193 3,692 3,807 3,935 3,866 3,625 3,650 3,791 3,865 4,026 4,518
ASR-W 51.5 59.3 60.4 63.0 60.2 56.9 57.1 58.9 59.9 62.0 70.8
Cervix uteri (C53) Cases 1,271 1,341 1,376 1,380 1,287 1,236 1,276 1,392 1,183 1,276 1,423
ASR-W 22.7 24.1 25.6 25.1 23.2 22.7 23.3 24.9 21.1 23.0 25.5
Colon and rectum (C18-C20) Cases 1,203 1,241 1,382 1,492 1,549 1,575 1,591 1,595 1,768 1,642 1,614
ASR-W 16.4 16.8 18.7 19.6 20.3 20.9 20.8 20.9 23.1 21.1 21.1
Lung and bronchus (C34) Cases 808 1,026 1,114 1,172 1,178 1,288 1,178 1,173 1,152 1,358 1,383
ASR-W 12.0 15.3 16.4 16.9 16.7 18.3 17.0 16.8 16.1 19.5 19.4
Corpus uteri (C54) Cases 763 829 767 772 829 827 869 823 844 895 954
ASR-W 11.7 12.4 11.9 11.7 12.0 12.5 12.5 12.2 12.5 13.1 14.1
Ovary (C56) Cases 595 641 623 641 606 638 694 602 616 652 626
ASR-W 9.8 10.5 10.0 10.6 9.8 10.4 11.5 9.8 9.8 10.9 10.3
Stomach (C16) Cases 404 468 463 502 512 561 493 492 507 482 413
ASR-W 5.3 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.3 7.1 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.1 5.2
Brain (C71) Cases 232 288 301 317 315 370 308 310 329 310 330
ASR-W 4.5 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.9 5.3 5.8 5.9 5.4 6.2
Leukaemias (C91-C95) Cases 215 213 259 270 263 252 253 225 294 186 205
ASR-W 4.1 3.9 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.0 4.9 3.2 3.7
Pancreas (C25) Cases 265 270 289 331 337 349 412 286 347 328 357
ASR-W 3.5 3.5 3.7 4.3 4.2 4.3 5.0 3.7 4.1 3.9 4.4
**All sites (C00-C97)** Cases 12,777 14,655 14,943 15,427 15,484 15,786 15,684 15,817 15,923 16,666 17,232
ASR-W 197.5 225.9 230.6 235.7 233.6 236.9 233.8 235.1 232.3 244.3
Legend: ASR-W -- age-standardised rate on world population. Codes in brackets next to presented cancer sites are in accordance with the Tenth Revision of International Classification of Diseases (codes C00-C96).
Table [3](#T3){ref-type="table"} presents the mortality rates and the number of fatal cases, from 1999 to 2009, for the ten most common cancer sites and for all sites combined. In Serbia 1999, 17,375 people died from cancer (ASR-W: 129.6/100,000, ASR-W in men: 163.2/100,000, ASR-W in women: 102.7/100,000) while the number inclined to 21,069 cancer deaths in 2009 (ASR-W: 143.8/100,000, ASR-W in men: 181.1/100,000, ASR-W in women: 113.8/100,000). The highest mortality rate for men was observed for lung cancer (ASR-W 1999--2009: 48.5/100,000-58.0/100,000) followed by colorectal (ASR-W 1999--2009: 17.8/100,000-21.9/100,000), stomach (ASR-W 1999--2009: 12/100,000-10.8/100,000) and prostate cancer (ASR-W 1999--2009: 9.1/100,000-11.5/100,000). In women, the highest mortality rates were attributed to breast (ASR-W 1999--2009: 22.3/100,000-22.5/100,000), lung (ASR-W 1999--2009: 10.0--16.7/100,000), colorectal (ASR-W 1999--2009: 10.4/100,000-12.0/100,000) and cervical cancer (ASR-W 1999--2009: 7.4/100,000-7.2/100,000).
######
Cancer mortality and number of cancer deaths in Serbia from 1999 to 2009
**Number of cancer deaths and mortality ASR-Ws/100,000, male population**
---------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
**Cancer site** **1999** **2000** **2001** **2002** **2003** **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007** **2008** **2009**
Lung and bronchus (C34) Deaths 2,915 3,054 3,107 3,199 3,212 3,350 3,454 3,647 3,678 3,717 3,676
ASR-W 48.5 50.4 50.8 51.6 51.9 54.1 55.4 58.2 58.0 59.1 58.0
Colon and rectum (C18-C20) Deaths 1,124 1,158 1,167 1,244 1,205 1,309 1,383 1,338 1,367 1,438 1,537
ASR-W 17.8 18.3 18.1 18.8 18.3 19.7 20.8 19.9 19.6 20.8 21.9
Stomach (C16) Deaths 742 769 767 788 753 787 730 657 713 691 735
ASR-W 12.0 12.3 12.2 12.0 11.6 11.9 11.1 10.1 10.7 10.4 10.8
Prostate (C61) Deaths 610 535 605 680 760 759 819 881 948 927 977
ASR-W 9.1 7.9 8.6 8.9 10.3 10.1 10.5 11.1 11.8 11.5 11.5
Pancreas (C25) Deaths 403 391 417 435 442 459 502 488 491 534 520
ASR-W 6.6 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.2 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.9 7.9
Liver (C22) Deaths 383 419 389 352 390 374 373 412 468 420 438
ASR-W 6.1 6.6 6.1 5.4 6.0 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.9 6.3 6.4
Larynx (C32) Deaths 403 409 384 357 426 366 358 382 366 356 391
ASR-W 6.7 6.9 6.4 5.9 6.9 5.9 5.6 6.2 5.8 5.6 6.2
Brain (C71) Deaths 292 295 289 271 327 306 321 338 379 322 331
ASR-W 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.0 6.0 5.4 6.0 6.4 6.6 5.9 5.7
Bladder (C67) Deaths 371 344 386 453 417 426 403 495 472 407 453
ASR-W 5.7 5.3 5.8 6.5 6.0 6.1 5.6 7.0 6.4 5.5 6.0
Leukaemias (C91-C95) Deaths 238 228 252 230 249 231 279 281 342 293 299
ASR-W 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.9 4.6 5.7 4.6 4.9
**All sites (C00-C97)** Deaths 9,870 10,179 10,175 10,635 10,690 10,982 11,169 11,495 11,736 11,775 11,999
ASR-W 163.2 166.3 164.7 166.6 169.3 172.0 174.2 177.3 179.0 179.6 181.1
**Number of cancer deaths and mortality ASR-Ws/100,000, female population**
**Year of report**
**Cancer site** **1999** **2000** **2001** **2002** **2003** **2004** **2005** **2006** **2007** **2008** **2009**
Breast (C50) Deaths 1,497 1,511 1,515 1,464 1,608 1,628 1,676 1,643 1,623 1,653
ASR-W 22.3 22.6 21.9 20.8 23.0 23.3 23.3 22.2 21.2 22.7 22.5
Lung and bronchus (C34) Deaths 712 790 810 857 911 957 980 1,089 1,096 1,107 1,265
ASR-W 10.0 11.1 11.2 11.8 12.4 13.0 13.1 14.9 14.5 14.9 16.7
Colon and rectum (C18-C20) Deaths 813 845 841 905 937 957 1,070 1,036 990 1,065 1,073
ASR-W 10.4 10.4 10.3 10.5 11.3 11.5 12.5 12.1 11.0 12.3 12.0
Cervix uteri (C53) Deaths 486 471 490 543 501 497 519 523 523 536 490
ASR-W 7.4 7.4 7.7 8.3 7.4 7.6 7.9 8.0 7.7 8.2 7.2
Stomach (C16) Deaths 400 436 407 397 424 468 452 393 412 393 417
ASR-W 5.0 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.7 5.5 4.7 4.9 4.6 5.3
Ovary (C56) Deaths 335 311 363 331 341 348 374 402 390 388 424
ASR-W 4.9 4.7 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.9
Pancreas (C25) Deaths 306 318 323 349 372 349 448 366 475 435 447
ASR-W 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.0 5.1 4.3 5.2 4.8 4.8
Brain (C71) Deaths 192 206 214 232 227 231 233 281 279 255 292
ASR-W 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.4
Liver (C22) Deaths 256 293 275 242 251 278 266 304 312 260 291
ASR-W 3.1 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.6 2.9 3.3
Leukaemias (C91-C95) Deaths 195 175 196 186 187 176 175 233 223 215 224
ASR-W 3.1 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.6 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.9
**All sites (C00-C97)** Deaths 7,505 7,694 7,742 7,911 8,169 8,380 8,572 8,722 8,681 8,787 9,070
ASR-W 102.7 104.0 103.6 103.7 106.2 108.0 108.8 110.4 108.6 112.7 113.8
Legend: ASR-W -- age-standardised rate on world population. Codes in brackets next to presented cancer sites are in accordance with the Tenth Revision of International Classification of Diseases (codes C00-C96).
Predictions and trends
----------------------
Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"} presents the overall ASR-W cancer incidence and mortality for men and women from 1999 to 2009 (solid lines). In addition, predictions until 2014 for overall cancer incidence and mortality are presented (dotted lines). An increasing time trend can be observed for cancer incidence and mortality in both genders. In particular, linear regressions of time on the log of mortality and incidence revealed that, in men, incidence and mortality ASR-Ws increased by 2.5% (*P* = 0.004) and 1% (*P* \< 0.001) per year, respectively. For women, the incidence ASR-W was estimated to be increasing by 2.22% per year, although this increase was not statistically significant (*P* = 0.067). The cancer mortality rate for women was found to be significantly increasing by 1% (p \< 0.001) per year.
{#F1}
Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} presents the time trend for cancer incidence and mortality rates for the four main cancer sites in men and women from 1999 to 2009 as well as incidence and mortality rates' predictions from 2010 to 2014. Linear regressions of time on incidence revealed that in both genders all cancer sites analysed showed a positive trend over time. In men, the incidence of prostate cancer has been increasing with 1.948/100,000 (*P* \< 0.001) per year, faster than any other cancer analysed in the male population. A significant increase was also observed for the incidence ASR-W of colorectal cancer with approximately 1.084/100,000 (*P* = 0.013). In women, breast cancer showed the highest increase in incidence with an additional ASR-W of 3.065/100,000 (*P* = 0.034) every year. In the analysis of mortality ASR-Ws, colorectal cancer in men and lung cancer in women were estimated to have the most significant increase over time: 0.42/100,000 (*P* = 0.036) and 0.626/100,000 (*P* \< 0.001) per year, respectively.
{#F2}
Comparison with the GLOBOCAN 2008 data
--------------------------------------
Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}A presents the men's incidence ASR-Ws in Serbia for 2008 against European and worldwide estimates that were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2008. The incidence of lung (ASR-W: 68.0/100,000) and colorectal (ASR-W:41.5/100,000) cancer in Serbia was higher than the average incidence in any European region or in the world. Conversely, prostate cancer in Serbia had a lower incidence rate (ASR-W: 25.9/100,000) than the average in all European regions or the world (ASR-W: 27.9/100,000 -- 93.1/100,000). Finally, the overall cancer incidence in the Serbian male population (ASR-W: 296.1/100,000) was closest to the average incidence in Southern Europe (ASR-W: 289.1/100,000). The mortality rates for lung (ASR-W: 59.1/100,000) and colorectal cancer (ASR-W: 20.8/100,000) for men in Serbia were also above the average European and world mortality rates (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}B). Similarly, the overall mortality rate (ASR-W: 179.6/100,000) was higher than world and European averages and comparable to Hungary, the country with the highest cancer mortality in Europe (ASR-W: 229.5/100,000). On the contrary, the mortality rate for prostate cancer (ASR-W: 11.5/100,000) in Serbia was similar to the European average.
{#F3}
The women's cancer incidence in Serbia, Europe and the world, for 2008, are presented in Figure [4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}A. The incidence of cervical cancer in Serbia (ASR-W: 23.0/100,000) was observed to be higher than all average European/global estimates and almost equal to the highest European rate found in Romania (ASR-W: 23.9/100,000). The incidence of breast (ASR-W: 62.0/100,000), colorectal (ASR-W: 21.1/100,000) lung (ASR-W: 19.5/100,000) and all cancers combined (ASR-W: 244.3/100,000) in Serbia was close to the average value of the comparators. Finally, comparison of women's cancer mortality indicated that breast cancer mortality in Serbia (ASR-W: 22.7/100,000) was the highest in Europe in 2008 (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}B). Additionally, mortality of colorectal (ASR-W: 12.3/100,000) cervical cancer (ASR-W: 8.2/100,000) and overall cancer (ASR-W: 112.7/100,000) in Serbian women was above the average regional and global estimates though below the countries with the highest European rates.
{#F4}
Discussion
==========
This study presents, for the first time, nation-wide data on incidence and mortality from cancer in Serbia over the last decade and a comparison with European and world figures. The main findings of this study are the significant increase of overall cancer incidence and mortality within the observed period in Serbia as well as the alarmingly high mortality rates of Serbia compared to the rest of Europe.
Per-site comparison of incidence and mortality with respective European estimates identified four cancer sites that should attract serious attention. In 2008, Serbia was the country with the highest mortality due to breast cancer in Europe, while incidence of cervical cancer was only slightly lower than the highest European rate, recorded in Romania. In the male population of Serbia, incidence and mortality rates of lung and colorectal cancers, although not the highest in Europe, were well above average estimates. Oppositely, the only rate within the comparison found to be lower in Serbia was prostate cancer incidence.
The comparatively high levels of cancer incidence observed can, to a large extent, be attributed to the prevalence of cancer risk factors. For instance, tobacco and alcohol consumption have a well-established association with increased risk of several cancer types \[[@B18],[@B19]\]. These health hazards are reported as excessively present in contemporary Serbia, where half of all men and one third of all women actively smoke \[[@B20]\], while 40% of the total population consumes alcohol occasionally or on everyday basis \[[@B21]\]. Moreover, risk factors for cancer such as lack of physical activity and obesity \[[@B22],[@B23]\] are also largely present among the Serbian population. In particular, in a representative sample of Serbian adults only a 10% was found to be engaged to a daily physical activity and about 55% were overweight \[[@B24]\]. Although some action in controlling risk factors in the population have been introduced by the Serbian health care system, as for example the creation of a legislation framework for tobacco control \[[@B20]\], more effort towards risk-factor reductions is needed. Finally, the country is still in an economic transition which influences the people's lifestyle and, as reported, might have negative effect on trends in cancer epidemiology \[[@B25]\].
In addition to this high level of incidence in comparison to the rest of Europe, Serbia is confronted with an even higher relative mortality rate. Since it is known that cancer survival declines with the increase of mortality/incidence ratio \[[@B26]\], cancer survival in Serbia might be poorer than in other European countries/regions. Furthermore, this could also be a sign of delayed cancer diagnosis, which is the main differentiating factor for survival in several cancer types \[[@B27]\]. Lack of screening methods that can facilitate early cancer detection is one of the reasons behind this high relative mortality. Particularly, the opportunistic screening methods available usually do not target the general population, or at least the population at risk. For example, planning of an organized, cytology-based screening for cervical cancer started more than a decade ago \[[@B28]\], yet it still remains on the level of an opportunistic program with high coverage in younger and quite low coverage in elderly women \[[@B29]\]. The implementation of screening programs such as cytology-based screening or mammography could facilitate early detection in cervical and breast cancer respectively and thereby positively impact survival \[[@B30],[@B31]\]. Additionally, improvement in survival after colorectal cancer would be possible through the application of a fecal occult blood test \[[@B32]\]. Hence, prevention and early diagnosis could improve survival and decrease cancer mortality in Serbia.
The trend of incidence of breast cancer in Serbia largely follows the increasing incidence pattern that is currently observed in the rest of the European countries \[[@B33]\]. One reason behind such increase in Serbia is the recent implementation of opportunistic mammography screening \[[@B34]\]. However, breast cancer mortality in Serbia has so far remained constant in contrast to the decreasing trend observed in breast cancer mortality throughout Europe and especially in the northern and western European countries \[[@B35]\]. Since the decrease of breast cancer mortality in Europe has been mainly attributed to advancements in therapy \[[@B35]\], it could be argued that the absence of similar trend in Serbia is caused by delays in the adoption of new treatment alternatives. In men, although prostate cancer incidence in Serbia still remains generally low compared to the rest of Europe, the steep increase of the incidence might be attributed to both lifestyle changes as well as to more widespread use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing \[[@B36]\].
Prior epidemiological studies that were conducted for Serbia mainly focused on specific cancer sites. Most of them pinpointed the increasing cancer incidence and mortality \[[@B7]-[@B9],[@B28],[@B37]\]. More specifically, high cervical cancer incidence relative to other European countries was noted already at the beginning of the last decade \[[@B28],[@B37]\], the insufficiency of screening utilization was identified as the main cause for this excess in incidence. Increasing trends in breast and lung cancer in Vojvodina were observed in the periods from 1987 until 2001 and from 1996 until 2005, respectively \[[@B7],[@B8]\]. Finally, one study estimated the burden of several cancers in Serbia relative to that in Europe for the year 2000 \[[@B9]\]. This study relied on local data from both cancer registries of Serbia and identified the considerably higher burden of the disease in Serbia.
Our study is also confronted with a number of limitations. A major limitation is the absence of nation-wide cancer survival and prevalence data. Survival and prevalence estimates are typically included in nation-wide cancer epidemiology studies, yet this information is not available for Serbia. Such estimates would require frequent follow up on patient cohorts, something that, due to financial constraints, would be nearly impossible in Serbia nowadays. Moreover, comparisons across Europe were done only with the countries that had the highest and lowest incidence and mortality rates, in order to gain insight on the magnitude of a certain ASR-W in Europe. Additionally, the lack of age-specific cancer incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN 2008 did not permit a formal statistical comparison between the ASR-Ws of Serbia and the other European regions and countries. In a more detailed analysis, presentation of age-specific cancer evidence from a larger number of European countries could give more precisely the relative position of Serbia with respect to its cancer epidemiology.
Conclusion
==========
Incidence and mortality of all cancer sites combined in Serbia have shown a steady increase in the first decade of their systematic reporting. Overall mortality rates in both genders appear markedly high relative to European/global estimates. Site-specific comparison revealed alarmingly high rates for four cancer locations: breast and cervical cancer in women and lung and colorectal cancer in men. In light of these findings, we believe that better control of known risk factors should lead to positive change in Serbian cancer epidemiology. Furthermore, prevention and early diagnosis, especially of breast and cervical cancers, seem to be the areas where significant improvements still could be made.
Competing interests
===================
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
======================
JM participated in the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, drafted the first version and revised the manuscript. PP carried out statistical analysis, participated in analysis and interpretation of data, drafted the first version and revised the manuscript. MMM participated in the acquisition of data and revised the manuscript. SŽ participated in the acquisition of data and revised the manuscript. MP participated in analysis and interpretation of data, drafted the first version and revised the manuscript. All authors have given final approval of the version to be published.
Pre-publication history
=======================
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
<http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/13/18/prepub>
Acknowledgments
===============
We thank Dr Siniša Radulović (PhD) and Dr Ana Jovićević (MSc) from the Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia for their kind contribution to our work.
|
Former Attorney General Eric Holder speaks during the second day of the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia on July 26, 2016. Photo : J. Scott Applewhite ( AP Images )
Eric Holder didn’t announce his candidacy for president in 2020 this morning, and he didn’t need to. His words at the National Action Network Convention in New York City pretty much suggest that he likely will.
The former U.S. attorney general had the audience captivated on Wednesday before he stepped to the podium to say even a single word. The Rev. Al Sharpton joked before Holder spoke that he “heard Eric Holder was running for president.” The audience cheered in approval, with one woman shouting out loud, “Run, Eric. Run!”
He was sitting on the stage with heavyweights like New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy and New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, but everyone, it seems, wanted to hear Holder, the man who is leading a national effort to take on gerrymandering.
New York City Public Advocate Letitia James spoke before Holder and didn’t disappoint. She lad the crowd by recognizing black women, the Democratic Party’s most important constituency. “Where my sistas at?” she said to a thunderous response: “We’re right here.”
She ended by giving a shoutout to Wakanda.
Former Attorney General Eric Holder sits with the Rev. Al Sharpton at the National Action Network Convention in New York City on April 18, 2018. Photo : Terrell Jermaine Starr ( The Root )
Holder took the podium and said everything we expected him to say: Criminal reform is needed and gerrymandering is undermining American democracy. He said nothing about running for president, but his keynote address certainly sounded like a stump speech, and a perfectly tailored one for NAN’s mostly black (and female) audience—a critical constituency if he does throw his hat into the 2020 race.
Taking on the current administration’s harsh stance on policing, Holder blasted President Donald Trump and U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions for their abusive policing views.
“The present administration wants to take us back to the failed leadership of the past,” he said. “They’re not being tough on crime. They’re not being smart on crime. They’re being dumb on crime. [The] formerly incarcerated continue to face significant obstacles, and they now face a hostile administration intent on making law enforcement an instrument of the fear they use to divide and try to govern us.”
Indeed, Trump has used the Oval Office as a bully pulpit, most notoriously telling an audience full of police officers that it’s OK to assault suspects in custody.
Holder shifted to the voting rights of formerly incarcerated men and women, arguing that people who are engaged in the electoral process are unlikely to reoffend. He said it’s time to stop punishing people long after they have served their time and are no longer under legal supervision.
“These restrictions are not only unnecessary and unjust, they’re also counterproductive,” Holder said. “By perpetuating the sigma and the isolation imposed on formerly incarcerated individuals, these laws increase the likelihood that they will commit future crimes.”
In 12 states, felons lose their right to vote permanently or require the governor’s pardon. According to ProCon.org, there are only two states where a citizen who is currently serving time for a felony is not barred from voting. More than 6 million people cannot vote because of a felony conviction, according to the Sentencing Project.
If Holder does run for president, voting rights will likely be a signature campaign talking point. He’ll also have a hefty government résumé to bring to the national conversation. When former President Barack Obama caught flak for not coming through for black America, Holder’s Office of the Attorney General was considered the exception (even though it can be argued that he wasn’t). His showing in Ferguson, Mo., after civil unrest erupted in the wake of Michael Brown’s killing by then-cop Darren Wilson stands out as the most symbolic moment of his tenure as the nation’s top law enforcement officer.
The NAN conference is the ideal place to start. It’s a prominent audience at a national convention with significant media attention. It is also a safe venue where he can test his talking points and feel out the pulse of black America. Holder was certainly a hit here. If he does run for president, he will get black votes. How many exactly will depend on whether he is able to galvanize voters of all races in ways that Hillary Clinton could not. And just as important, he’ll need to earn millions of votes from white folks who may see him as anti-cop—and who voted for Trump.
He closed out his keynote by saying that fighting for a more just America won’t come easy and his calls for criminal-justice reform won’t come overnight.
“I am honored to talk to you as colleagues in the work of forging a more just society that reflects our conviction that all are created equal,” he said. “In spite of difficulty and opposition and resistance we will undoubtedly face, as I look around this room here today, I cannot help but feel confident in where today’s experts and leaders will take us in the months and the years to come.
“We can do this,” he added.
Whether Holder will try to help in that effort by running for president remains to be seen.
|
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol"></a><a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol">generic::seq_packet_protocol</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Encapsulates the flags needed for a generic sequenced packet socket.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">class seq_packet_protocol
</pre>
<h5>
<a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.h0"></a>
<span><a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.types"></a></span><a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol.html#asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.types">Types</a>
</h5>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Name
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Description
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol/endpoint.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol::endpoint"><span class="bold"><strong>endpoint</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The type of an endpoint.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol/socket.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol::socket"><span class="bold"><strong>socket</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The generic socket type.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<h5>
<a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.h1"></a>
<span><a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.member_functions"></a></span><a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol.html#asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.member_functions">Member
Functions</a>
</h5>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Name
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Description
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol/family.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol::family"><span class="bold"><strong>family</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Obtain an identifier for the protocol family.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol/protocol.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol::protocol"><span class="bold"><strong>protocol</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Obtain an identifier for the protocol.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol/seq_packet_protocol.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol::seq_packet_protocol"><span class="bold"><strong>seq_packet_protocol</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Construct a protocol object for a specific address family and protocol.
<br> <span class="silver"> —</span><br> Construct a generic protocol object from a specific
protocol.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol/type.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol::type"><span class="bold"><strong>type</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Obtain an identifier for the type of the protocol.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<h5>
<a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.h2"></a>
<span><a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.friends"></a></span><a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol.html#asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.friends">Friends</a>
</h5>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Name
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Description
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol/operator_not__eq_.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol::operator!="><span class="bold"><strong>operator!=</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Compare two protocols for inequality.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol/operator_eq__eq_.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol::operator=="><span class="bold"><strong>operator==</strong></span></a>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Compare two protocols for equality.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p>
The <a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol.html" title="generic::seq_packet_protocol"><code class="computeroutput">generic::seq_packet_protocol</code></a>
class contains flags necessary for seq_packet-oriented sockets of any address
family and protocol.
</p>
<h5>
<a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.h3"></a>
<span><a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.examples"></a></span><a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol.html#asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.examples">Examples</a>
</h5>
<p>
Constructing using a native address family and socket protocol:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">seq_packet_protocol p(AF_INET, IPPROTO_SCTP);
</pre>
<h5>
<a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.h4"></a>
<span><a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.thread_safety"></a></span><a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol.html#asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.thread_safety">Thread
Safety</a>
</h5>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Distinct</em></span> <span class="emphasis"><em>objects:</em></span> Safe.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Shared</em></span> <span class="emphasis"><em>objects:</em></span> Safe.
</p>
<h5>
<a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.h5"></a>
<span><a name="asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.requirements"></a></span><a class="link" href="generic__seq_packet_protocol.html#asio.reference.generic__seq_packet_protocol.requirements">Requirements</a>
</h5>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Header: </em></span><code class="literal">asio/generic/seq_packet_protocol.hpp</code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Convenience header: </em></span><code class="literal">asio.hpp</code>
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2003-2019 Christopher M. Kohlhoff<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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|
Q:
Alignment in custom winforms label control
I used this answer: Alpha in ForeColor
to create a custom label element that allowed fading through ARGB unlike the default label.
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class MyLabel : Label {
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) {
Rectangle rc = this.ClientRectangle;
StringFormat fmt = new StringFormat(StringFormat.GenericTypographic);
using (var br = new SolidBrush(this.ForeColor)) {
e.Graphics.DrawString(this.Text, this.Font, br, rc, fmt);
}
}
}
I was curious how I would implement TextAlign into this class allowing the text contents to be aligned correctly.
A:
Thanks to @Aybe's comment, I worked out I needed to add the Alignment to the StringFormat var fmt like this:
fmt.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
Making the entire class look like this:
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class MyLabel : Label {
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) {
Rectangle rc = this.ClientRectangle;
StringFormat fmt = new StringFormat(StringFormat.GenericTypographic);
fmt.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
using (var br = new SolidBrush(this.ForeColor))
{
e.Graphics.DrawString(this.Text, this.Font, br, rc, fmt);
}
}
}
|
UV-assisted removal of inactive peroxide species for sustained epoxidation of cyclooctene on anatase TiO2.
Epoxidation of olefins with H2O2 is one of the most important reactions in organic synthesis. We found that anatase TiO2 can be a good catalyst for the epoxidation of cyclooctene with H2O2 at room temperature. However, the catalyst deactivated quickly in the presence of excess amount of H2O2 because of the formation of inactive side-on Ti-η(2)-peroxide species on the surface of TiO2, the presence of which was confirmed by isotope-labelled resonance UV Raman spectroscopy and kinetics studies. Interestingly, the epoxidation reaction could be dramatically accelerated under irradiation of UV light with λ≥350 nm. This phenomenon is attributed to the photo-assisted removal of the inactive peroxide species, through which the active sites on the surface of anatase TiO2 are regenerated and the catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene with H2O2 is resumed. This finding provides an alternative for sustained epoxidation reactions on TiO2 at room temperature. Moreover, it also has significant implications on the deactivation pathway and possible solutions in Ti-based heterogeneous catalysis or photocatalysis.
|
Q:
Clean way to import data from a text file?
I have a text file with the following in it:
name1:0|0|0|0|0|
name2:0|0|0|0|0|
... etc
I'm importing the names into an array of Strings.
That's fine, however I can't think of a clean way to associate the numbers with the array item. The numbers are separated by a "pipe" '|' character
Ideally I'd like to call a method which returns an array of Integers when given the name i.e. something like public int[] getScores(String name)
A:
Scanner can also do it (since Java 1.5). The advantages over String#split is that you get some sort of automatic type conversion using regular expressions.
Example from javadoc
String input = "1 fish 2 fish red fish blue fish";
Scanner s = new Scanner(input).useDelimiter("\\s*fish\\s*");
System.out.println(s.nextInt());
System.out.println(s.nextInt());
System.out.println(s.next());
System.out.println(s.next());
s.close();
Also, if your aim is to recover the numbers by their name, use some kind of hash table to store it for faster retrieval.
A:
Use string split
First use : to split a line, then use | to split out each number as a string. At last use Integer.Parse to get the numbers.
|
Q:
Python calling class methods with the wrong number of parameters
I'm just beginning to learn python. I wrote an example script to test OOP in python, but something very odd has happened. When I call a class method, Python is calling the function with one more parameter than given.
Here is the code:
1. class Bar:
2. num1,num2 = 0,0
3. def __init__(num1,num2):
4. num1,num2 = num1,num2
5. def foo():
6. if num1 > num2:
7. print num1,'is greater than ',num2,'!'
8. elif num1 is num2:
9. print num1,' is equal to ',num2,'!'
10. else:
11. print num1,' is less than ',num2,'!'
12. a,b = 42,84
13. t = Bar(a,b)
14. t.foo
15.
16. t.num1 = t.num1^t.num2
17. t.num2 = t.num2^t.num1
18. t.num1 = t.num1^t.num2
19.
20. t.foo
And the error message I get:
python test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 13, in
t = Bar(a,b)
TypeError: init() takes exactly 2 arguments (3 given)
Can anyone help?
Thanks in advance
A:
The first argument passed to an instance method is the instance itself. Typically this is called self when defining the function:
def __init__(self, num1, num2):
Consider reading the tutorial.
A:
Couple things:
Your class is named Bar but you're calling it as bar(a, b). Change that to Bar(a, b) to solve this problem.
Classes need to inherit from something (if nothing, then object). You need class Bar(object):
Instance methods, in Python, are always supplied one parameter, which is the object itself, before other passed parameters. So your def __init__(num1, num2): should be def __init__(self, num1, num2):, and the same for def foo().
All of your instance variables need to be prefixed by self.. So num1 should be self.num1, etc.
The ^ operator is boolean XOR. Not sure if this is what you want, it's often confused with the power operator, **.
Here's your example, cleaned up and fixed accordingly:
class Bar(object):
num1, num2 = 0, 0
def __init__(self, num1, num2):
self.num1, self.num2 = num1, num2
def foo(self):
if self.num1 > self.num2:
print self.num1,'is greater than ',self.num2,'!'
elif self.num1 is self.num2:
print self.num1,' is equal to ',self.num2,'!'
else:
print self.num1,' is less than ',self.num2,'!'
a, b = 42, 84
t = Bar(a, b)
t.foo()
t.num1 = t.num1 ^ t.num2
t.num2 = t.num2 ^ t.num1
t.num1 = t.num1 ^ t.num2
t.foo()
And the result:
42 is less than 84 !
84 is greater than 42 !
A:
a) By convention, the first parameter of a method is called self.
b) On line 4 you are self-assigning. Maybe you want to say self.num1, self.num2
c) If you want to call the method foo of t (lines 14 and 20) you should add parentheses at the end: t.foo()
d) The indentation is idiomatically given by 4 spaces, which makes reading much easier.
EDIT: You might want to look at chapters 15-18 of Allen Downey's book "Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist". This book is very short, nicely written, and easy to read. It is freely available here.
EDIT2: I hadn't noticed this before, but as dash-tom-bang pointed out in a comment below, in this context it is best if (on line 8) you compared for equality using == instead of is.
|
package org.apache.cayenne.tutorial.persistent.auto;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import org.apache.cayenne.BaseDataObject;
import org.apache.cayenne.exp.property.EntityProperty;
import org.apache.cayenne.exp.property.PropertyFactory;
import org.apache.cayenne.exp.property.StringProperty;
import org.apache.cayenne.tutorial.persistent.Artist;
import org.apache.cayenne.tutorial.persistent.Gallery;
/**
* Class _Painting was generated by Cayenne.
* It is probably a good idea to avoid changing this class manually,
* since it may be overwritten next time code is regenerated.
* If you need to make any customizations, please use subclass.
*/
public abstract class _Painting extends BaseDataObject {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public static final String ID_PK_COLUMN = "ID";
public static final StringProperty<String> NAME = PropertyFactory.createString("name", String.class);
public static final EntityProperty<org.apache.cayenne.tutorial.persistent.Artist> ARTIST = PropertyFactory.createEntity("artist", org.apache.cayenne.tutorial.persistent.Artist.class);
public static final EntityProperty<org.apache.cayenne.tutorial.persistent.Gallery> GALLERY = PropertyFactory.createEntity("gallery", org.apache.cayenne.tutorial.persistent.Gallery.class);
protected String name;
protected Object artist;
protected Object gallery;
public void setName(String name) {
beforePropertyWrite("name", this.name, name);
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
beforePropertyRead("name");
return this.name;
}
public void setArtist(Artist artist) {
setToOneTarget("artist", artist, true);
}
public Artist getArtist() {
return (Artist)readProperty("artist");
}
public void setGallery(Gallery gallery) {
setToOneTarget("gallery", gallery, true);
}
public Gallery getGallery() {
return (Gallery)readProperty("gallery");
}
@Override
public Object readPropertyDirectly(String propName) {
if(propName == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
switch(propName) {
case "name":
return this.name;
case "artist":
return this.artist;
case "gallery":
return this.gallery;
default:
return super.readPropertyDirectly(propName);
}
}
@Override
public void writePropertyDirectly(String propName, Object val) {
if(propName == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
switch (propName) {
case "name":
this.name = (String)val;
break;
case "artist":
this.artist = val;
break;
case "gallery":
this.gallery = val;
break;
default:
super.writePropertyDirectly(propName, val);
}
}
private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {
writeSerialized(out);
}
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
readSerialized(in);
}
@Override
protected void writeState(ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {
super.writeState(out);
out.writeObject(this.name);
out.writeObject(this.artist);
out.writeObject(this.gallery);
}
@Override
protected void readState(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
super.readState(in);
this.name = (String)in.readObject();
this.artist = in.readObject();
this.gallery = in.readObject();
}
}
|
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
class CreateTranslationsTable extends Migration {
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('ltm_translations', function(Blueprint $table)
{
$table->collation = 'utf8mb4_bin';
$table->bigIncrements('id');
$table->integer('status')->default(0);
$table->string('locale');
$table->string('group');
$table->text('key');
$table->text('value')->nullable();
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::drop('ltm_translations');
}
}
|
All posts tagged ‘brink’
I played over thirty video games while I was at PAX East last weekend. As I predicted in my previous post, most of them were disappointing clones of other games. Also as predicted, there were a few great new games on offer at the convention. It would be exhausting to review everything I played, but what follows may be taken as an introduction to some of the most (and least) GeekMom-friendly video games coming out in 2011.
Snapshot, by Retro Affect, handily claims my “Best Game Overall” award. Its unique photography-inspired game mechanic is interesting enough to set the game apart, but Snapshot manages to be challenging and family friendly, too. Because this puzzle-platformer is gentler and more creative than most video games, I strongly recommend Snapshot for ALL AGES.
Bastion, by Supergiant Games, easily wins “Best Art”. This game is gorgeous! Bastion also has exceptional adaptive narration and between that and the art, it’s very easy to get engrossed in the story. Apart from those high points, it’s a standard – but highly enjoyable – fantasy RPG. Some mild cartoon violence prompts me to recommend this game for players AGES 5+.
Warp, by Trapdoor, is my “Favorite Underdog Story” because players help an alien escape from captivity. This game has that ‘cute-but-deadly’ combination I’m such a sucker for, but the cartoon violence in it is just a little too bloody for all players. My recommendation: AGES 12+.
Swarm, by Hothead Games, is the hands-down winner of my “Catharsis” award. You get points for directing empty-headed little minions to their doom – what’s not to love? This side-scrolling sci-fi adventure is a bit gross, and definitely not for everyone, but I think it’s harmless for players AGES 12+.
Dyad, a beautiful abstract tunnel-shooter, wins my award for “Fastest Game.” Dyad is a ‘tunnel-shooter’ in format alone because there is no actual violence in the game; there are no antagonists or weapons, just obstacles and tentacles. Because of the skill and speed involved, I recommend Dyad for players AGES 7+.
Afterland, from the experimental game designers at MIT, gets my “Thinker” award. This game takes all the trappings of conventional video games – from health meters to inventories to ‘enemies’ – and turns them upside down. The gameplay is non-intuitive, but figuring it out is half the fun. After all, Afterland was designed to make players think. Recommended for ALL AGES.
Firefall, by Red 5 Studios, is the only MMORPG to get an award from me: The “Ooh, Shiny” award for being the most interesting new or updated MMORPG at PAX East 2011. This game is light on story and heavy on team-based shoot-em-ups, but at least the art style is out of the ordinary. Unlike other games of its type, the art of Firefall has strong comic book appeal instead of all the creepy realism and chibi-adorableness we’ve grown inured to. Because if its anti-environmental militarism, violence, and the standard risks associated with playing MMORPGS, I recommend Firefall for fans of the genre AGES 14+.
It wasn’t all fun at the gaming convention. Plenty of games bored and annoyed me and most were just not worth commenting on. However, there were a couple of games bothersome enough to deserve remark: Brink, by Splash Damage and Shoot Many Robots by Demiurge.
Brink has art in its character customization, but it’s otherwise like every other first-person shooter around. Maybe worse. Just think about the setting for a minute: How can a near-future sustainable society ever occur without women? And at the rate the men kill each other in Brink, the place would be a ghost town overnight. I suppose that’s great if mayhem is all you want in a game, but if you like a little substance in your playtime, you can easily find better developed games than Brink. Not surprisingly, I rate this game FOR ADULTS ONLY, but I don’t recommend it to anyone.
Shoot Many Robots wins my “Worst Game at PAX East 2011″ award for having no redeeming qualities. The concept is vapid to start; there isn’t even gratifying catharsis to be had from destroying mindless automatons until you develop a weird aversion to nuts and bolts. Speaking of weak euphemisms for male anatomy, this game is best described by paraphrasing its trailer thusly: “Grab some nuts and learn absolutely nothing!” I really wanted to have a sense of humor about that, but it’s just too lame. Rating: FORGET IT.
The most interesting games tend to have genderless Player Characters. This is true of most of the games described above, and many beloved classics (Centipede, Frogger, Q*Bert, etc.). Ask me why this is so, and I could go for hours. Instead, I leave you to examine the games we play – with and without our children – and question how and why they make use of gender, and whether and how that affects us and our kids.
Games with the best character customization tend to be the least interesting to play. This seems counterintuitive, but I’m having a hard time finding an exception to the rule. I enjoy MMORPGS like World of Warcraft, Guild Wars, and so on, but eventually the quests all blur together and the grind becomes… Well, a grind. And yet every time I spot a new MMORPG on the horizon, I start to drool. Why? I love character customizers. I’m sure not all gamers feel the same way, but I think it’s worth figuring out why we like what we like, and whether that bait is really worth the hook it leaves in our wallet.
Finally, non-violent video games are rare and generally bland and violent video games are far too common and usually disappointing. This means that I don’t buy many games, but that’s probably for the best. In a way, I’m glad there are so many lousy video games made; they give me no excuse to play indoors if I don’t have to.
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IMHO, Next Generation of smart phones will be smart glasses.. May be 3-5 years out.. For now, I think just a matter of time before we see wider work related usage..
On next tech front, I am hoping to see display technology by MVIS to show up in popular phones.. 1st generation of this was out couple of years ago in small projectors but that is a niche market.. This Chinese company is the first one to do that ..
Quite the move this morning. Whoever jumped on this one during the plunge, has made out like a bandit!! Highest daily volume in over a year (with a couple of hours left in the day) and similar to a week's worth (or more) of volume in a few hours.
I happen to be in the middle of the fray when it happened. I made a small bet on some leap calls and my order was executed. FWIW Paul Travers via form 4 filing picked up a small amount of shares yesterday and Zacks up-graded from hold to buy.
Few products in tech have drawn as much ridicule or outright laughter as Google Glass. But that wasn’t always the case. Back in 2012, Sergey Brin showed off a prototype of Glass at Google’s I/O conference:
A screen behind Brin projected a live stream chat between Brin and two Google engineers in a plane. Suddenly, one of them jumps out of the plane, parachuting onto the roof of the stadium where the audience is sitting. The entire event is broadcast live through the Google Glass he’s wearing.
Glass elicited an awe-inspiring response at the conference and in the press—at least initially. People were excited about it because, like the recently announced Apple Watch Series 3, it promised them a new, post-mobile way of communicating.
The tide began to turn after the Google Glass pre-release in 2013. Beyond the planned stunt, there was little that hinted at a real use case, let alone ecosystem, behind the new product. And the bad PR mounted.
Headlines like “Google Glass getting to grips with ‘geek aesthetics,’” “Google Glass will make you manly, says Sergey Brin,” and “Google Glass is always listening, assuming you have a hack” emerged to disdain. Robert Scoble famously wore them in the shower. By 2015, no one wanted to be seen wearing a pair.
But, Google Glass is about to relaunch this year—and that begs a few questions:
Given its potential and technology, why wasn’t Glass the spectacular success many expected it to be the first time around?
Why did it fail so dramatically?
What made Google decide to relaunch the product, and what are they doing differently this time around?
Let’s dive deeper into the hype, death, and rebirth of Google Glass.
2009-2011: The Development of Google Glass
Glass started with a vision of an exciting new technology that would change the world.
Google had high hopes for Glass. The company wanted smart glasses to be the next big hardware platform—one as groundbreaking (and profitable) as Apple’s iPhone. The iPhone put a computer in your pocket and made it accessible through a tap and a swipe. With Glass, Google wanted to help you interface even more seamlessly with technology by putting a computer on your face.
“We already see a future in which the humble contact lens becomes a real platform, like the iPhone is today, with lots of developers contributing their ideas and inventions. As far as we’re concerned, the possibilities extend as far as the eye can see, and beyond.”
Parviz had been working on creating smart contact lenses, and it was this vision that he brought to the Glass project a year later. The idealistic vision around Glass’ development masked a huge blindspot: how people would actually use the product.
The team behind Glass succeeded in solving the really hard problem of creating a computer you could wear on your face. What they failed to figure out is why people would want one.
2009-2010: Google CEO Eric Schmidt approached Sebastian Thrun, a Stanford professor, to help create a lab for long-shot technology programs. Google Glass was now the first project of the infamous “moonshot factory,” followed by self-driving cars. Thrun began to put together a team of researchers, scientists, and engineers to work on early prototypes of Glass.
The early prototype of Glass looked like a scuba mask attached to a laptop you carried around in a backpack. It weighed eight pounds.
2011: The Glass team began to iterate on their early designs to make a product that was light and portable. They removed the laptop in the backpack, and began engineering custom optical displays and circuitry.
The people behind Glass were veteran researchers and engineers with a lot of expertise in wearable computing. One Glass co-creator, Astro Teller, had previously worked on an armband that tracked exercise and sleep. Parviz was the other co-creator, who worked on integrating digital displays and monitors into contact lenses. On a technical level, the team was packed with rockstars.
They got to work on Glass in complete secrecy from the rest of Google. Early on, the team’s focus was figuring out how people would interface with the product. They broke down the basic user experience of Glass through a series of prototypes, using a pico projector connected to a laptop to project a display onto a sheet. Once they sorted out the kinks of the interface, they focused on refining the hardware to be light and portable.
What they hadn’t quite figured out was who their target audience was. The engineers couldn’t agree on how to position Glass. One group believed it should be a consumer product that people would wear all day. Another group believed Glass should fulfill “specific utilitarian functions.”
Google co-founder Sergey Brin figured that these debates would be ironed out by launching Glass early and iterating based on feedback. This approach had served Google well in the past with software products like Gmail and Docs, so they assumed it would work again. Brin was eager to get Glass out into the wild.
By 2012, a team of designers and engineers at Google’s moonshot factory were ready to show the world a prototype, even if they didn’t yet know what the world would use it for.
2012-2014: The Initial Launch (and Failure) of Google Glass
That brings us to the moment Sergey first demoed Glass in 2012. A couple months earlier, Google had previewed Glass to the public for the first time through a futuristic concept video:
The video walked you through a scenario wearing Glass: Imagine waking up from a nap. You flip through your calendar while pouring a cup of coffee, check the weather, and text a friend—all without looking at a computer or smartphone screen. That was the early promise behind Glass in promotional videos and at the I/O conference.
“The old Google rejoiced in sending people away from the site as fast as possible, because the result mattered, not the search. Glass points to a risk of forgetting that.”
Google Search provided clear utility for customers. It helped them find exactly what they were looking for on the web by sending them away from Google. In contrast, the consumer version of Glass was asking people to come in the front door and stay. It wanted to replace the smartphone and become your interface for everything—from sending texts to reading the news. The problem was that it didn’t seem to do anything better than a smartphone.
2012: Glass is officially announced in April 2012, with a blog post on Google Plus and a concept video. Later that year in June, Sergey Brin shows a live demo of Glass at Google’s I/O keynote conference. In September, Glass is featured on models at New York Fashion Week. The resulting media blitz whipped up huge excitement around the product.
Here was the Google Glass announcement on Google Plus:
Google co-founder Sergey Brin and fashion designer Diane von Furstenberg wearing Glass on the fashion runway. 2013: Google creates the “Glass Explorers” program, where people can apply to test an early version of Glass. The early-access campaign was fueled through Twitter. Here’s what the application for the Glass Explorer’s program looked like:
While Glass was still a prototype, the hype behind it meant that everyone saw it as a finished product. They weren’t impressed. Pretty soon, public perception around Glass radically shifted.
2014: Public backlash against Glass ramps up. The product is parodied everywhere from The Simpsons to The Daily Show. Here’s an example of a Comedy Central skit:
Glass’ public launch, originally intended for 2014, was delayed indefinitely.
The “Glass Explorers” program was meant to help Google iterate on the product based on real user feedback. While this strategy had proven itself for products like Gmail, Sheets, and Docs, it didn’t translate to hardware—in large part due to the media circus around Glass.
By mid-2013, as Glass was making its way into the real world, things started to change. The public was not only less interested in Glass, but also legitimately concerned about the implications of the technology. Here were some of the big challenges for Glass:
At a whopping $1,500, few consumers were actually willing to pay for Glass. Due to the restricted nature of the pre-launch, most couldn’t buy one even if they wanted to. For its early life, Glass was only accessible to wealthy tech professionals and other early adopters.
The marketing blitz around Glass, from the I/O keynote to featuring Glass in fashion shows, created massive expectations around a product that was still a prototype. Upon launch, many of these features shown off in Google demo videos—video conferencing, voice response to text messages, and more, were still in development and unavailable. To use Glass, it had to be tethered via bluetooth to an Android phone while the product itself frequently crashed and ran out of power. One of the only features that worked well was the camera and video recording feature.
The camera and video features of Glass were seen as an invasion of privacy, causing a major PR crisis for Google. When someone looked at you wearing Glass, it felt like they were pointing an iPhone at your face.
Perhaps the biggest issue was that Google failed to present a convincing use case for Glass that proved, for most people, that their smartphones couldn’t do better. Glass lacked a “killer app” like Instagram or Angry Birds that hinted at its platform potential for consumers.
In contrast to how the public and media were originally talking about Google Glass, now the headlines sounded more like this: “ Google Glass is the Worst Product of All Time” and “The Verdict is In: Nobody likes Google Glass.” In one incident, a woman wearing her Glass to the bar had it forcibly removed by another patron. Everyone else at the bar cheered. While Glass started out strong, the product was ultimately seen as a symbol of tech privilege and invasiveness. Glass users were dubbed “Glassholes” and publicly shamed.
In the short span of a year, Glass had gone from a product that was supposed to make the smartphone invisible to one that was a source of public ridicule. By November 2014, nine out of 16 Glass app makers stopped working on projects for Google Glass because there wasn’t adequate market demand—or even interest. Glass co-creator Babak Parviz left Google for Amazon, followed by other important team members. Publications started to report—prematurely—the death of Glass.
While the team behind Glass still believed in the product’s potential, it was obvious that Glass wasn’t going to be the big consumer hit that they had hoped for. They started exploring other use cases for the product.
“When we originally built Glass, the work we did on the technology front was very strong, and starting the Explorer program was the right thing to do to learn about how people used the product….Where we got a little off track was trying to jump all the way to the consumer applications….We got more than a little off track.”
By January 2015, Google had withdrawn the consumer version of Glass. Google learned its lesson from launching too early, with too much hype. Just as they were winding down the consumer version of Glass, they launched a new enterprise initiative for the product.
To the public, Glass was a failed product that no one wanted. To Google, Glass was entering a new chapter.
2015-2017: The Relaunch
Back in 2014, just as Glass seemed doomed, a ray of hope appeared for the project. The team noticed that small startups had been purchasing pairs of Glass via the Explorers program, and building custom software on top of it for the enterprise. They were using Glass to do work in various industries—from manufacturing to healthcare.
The corporate interest in Glass was so promising that Google created a specific Glass for Enterprise team to help develop the new ecosystem.
This decision culminated in the relaunch of Glass this July—this time, positioned clearly as an enterprise tool.Where Glass’ consumer launch had splashed across magazine covers and the fashion runway, the new Glass landing page shows a factory worker wearing Glass while working with power tools. The product description includes clear use cases for Glass, from watching training videos and accessing instruction manuals to activating applications while working. Cementing the product’s new business positioning are testimonials from partners: “25% reduction on low volume complex assemblies.”
These specific details and concrete applications for Glass present a stark contrast to its consumer launch. Google had clearly learned its lesson.
Let’s dig into the events that led Google to this point:
2015: Google closes the Explorers program, announcing that Glass is “graduating” from Google X to its own team within the company. Glass is placed under the leadership of former iPod creator Tony Fadell. The Glass team focuses on refreshing the product for enterprise applications, working closely with 10 partner companies who work on the software side.
2016: Google’s new enterprise edition modularizes the frame of Glass, making it easy to detach the electronics and display, and clip them onto a pair of safety glasses. They improved hardware features like battery life, processing speed, and WiFi connectivity. Augmedix, a startup developing Glass applications for the healthcare industry, raises $17M.
2017: Google publicly announces the launch of Glass for Enterprise.
Back in 2014, as the consumer version of Glass was being thrashed, Google started partnering with companies like Boeing and GE to figure out what specific pain points Glass might help them solve.
“We talked to all of our Explorers and we realized that the enterprise space had a lot of legs,” says Jay Kothari, who is now project lead on the Glass enterprise team. Interest from corporations suggested that a dedicated team might work on a specialized version of Glass to serve them.
Placing Glass under the supervision of Tony Fadell and moving the product from the “moonshot factory” signaled Google’s belief in the product’s viability. Faddell commented at the time, “I remember what it was like when we did the iPod and the iPhone. I think this can be that important, but it’s going to take time to get it right.” The company went on a hiring spree, recruiting former developers and hardware engineers from Amazon to build the team out.
Keeping the project under wraps, the team worked with partners and enterprise companies to develop practical applications for Glass.
At AGCO, a manufacturer of agricultural equipment, factory workers use Google Glass to view instructions and checklists as they assemble complex machinery. AGCO estimates that Glass has helped reduce production time by 25%. At DHL, workers use Glass to scan items on racks and see what bins to place them in to fulfill orders—with an estimated 15% increase to efficiency. Meanwhile, at Dignity Health, doctors use Glass during patient examinations. Instead of logging information on a computer during the exam, information is recorded from a doctor’s Glass, transcribed, and processed.
Everything that made Glass feel invasive for consumers was no longer relevant in an enterprise setting. On the factory floor or in a doctor’s office, Glass was no longer a high-end gadget for taking pictures of family and friends. It was a tool engineered for getting work done. Workers use Glass to scan parts, access training videos, and record defects.
The kicker is that by working closely with partner companies and corporations, Google is finally putting together a healthy ecosystem with platform potential for Glass. The partner companies develop end-to-end solutions for Glass in specific verticals like healthcare, logistics, and manufacturing. They distribute those solutions directly to enterprise companies, driving higher usage of Glass. That gives Google specific customer feedback it can use to improve product.
Glass for Enterprise looks like it has the platform potential that Google originally intended for Glass, but in an enterprise setting. Over the past seven years, Glass has had a bumpy ride. Today, it finally seems to be finding its way.
Where Glass Can Go from Here
With the relaunched enterprise edition, Glass is finally starting to realize the high hopes around the product. Instead of trying to make Glass something that people wear all day, Google has taken the opposite approach. The enterprise edition of Glass has been designed and marketed to solve concrete, practical problems. In doing so, Google is overcoming the disaster of Glass’ early launch and opening new doors for the product.
With its renewed focus, Glass has a lot of room to expand.
Increased modularization: While the consumer version of Glass was meant to be used by most people in the same way, the enterprise edition was designed for more flexibility. The enterprise edition modularized the frame, electronic display, and camera glass, allowing a worker to detach Glass from the frame and stick it on a pair of safety glasses. In the future, Google could double down on this approach. They could allow third parties to create specialized modules for Glass, like an infrared camera for doctors, or external memory chips. This increased flexibility would make Glass adoption easier across a broader set of industries.
Back to consumer: Snapchat’s Spectacles have shown that the consumer market is receptive to wearable smart glasses—as long as they are packaged in the right way. By simplifying the enterprise edition into an initial consumer version, Google would be able to offer consumers a lower and more palatable price point. The enterprise edition takes a step toward addressing privacy concerns by shining a light when Glass’ camera is activated. Most importantly, they need to nail their value proposition and show people what Glass can do that their smartphones can’t.
Platform potential: The consumer version of Glass alienated developers, who couldn’t charge for their applications or make money through ads. With the enterprise edition, developers are building new applications for Glass and making money by selling the hardware and software to corporations, creating a profitable ecosystem. Meanwhile, the Glass team is partnering with Google Cloud to take the product further. That certainly seems to be a step in the right direction. As a product, Glass is positioned to benefit from Google’s deep expertise in cloud computing and machine learning.
While Glass has been around for seven years, in many ways the product’s relaunch this year signals a new beginning. There are a ton of ways that Google could expand and grow the product. That’s actually the difficulty of creating a product like Glass in the first place. More than anything, Google’s ability to execute methodically will determine the success or failure of the product.
3 Key Lessons Learned From Google GlassBuilding any product is a constant process of experimentation, failure, and learning. That’s even more true for a product as ambitious as Google Glass.
While Glass appears to have successfully reinvented itself, there are a lot of points in its timeline where choosing a different path could have saved the team headaches and time. If you’re building a product today, these are the key lessons to take away from the story of Google Glass:
1. What’s the goal of your product?This is a crucial question to answer when you’re trying to build a brand new platform, or an application on a new technology platform. Where did the idea come from? How have you validated the idea? How do you know whether building it is a risk worth taking?
Create a problem-hypothesis that describes your target customer and the problem that you think they have. This should take the form of: [Group of people] have a problem [their problem].
Set up a system that pulls users who fall into your target audience toward your idea for solving the problem. For a new product or idea, you can create a mock landing page that explains your idea and includes a sign up form where interested visitors can give you their email addresses.
The last step is to survey people who sign up to learn more and further validate your idea. Ask them what existing products they’re using, how often they use them, and what their key pain points are around the products they use.
2. Run user research and tests before, during, and immediately after initial product development.It’s particularly important for revolutionary new products to launch gradually, starting in one or two small test markets first. If you’re working on a new and groundbreaking technology, chances are that you’re already a believer. That’s why it’s so important to get outside of your own head and into how end-users will think, feel, and react to the product. It’s not enough to have a vision. That vision has to be something that your customers can relate to.
Here are a couple of resources that will help you run better user research:
3. Nail the value propositionMake it very clear why the product you’re launching is something your customers should be interested in. How does this product differ from competitors’ products? If there are no major competitors, talk about how the product solves a problem (for whom, when, and how). What are the most powerful use cases for the product? Why should anyone care?
One exercise that will help you achieve this is writing a press release or blog post before you get started shipping code. It’s a technique developed by Amazon, where every product initiative begins with a press release. That helps Amazon “work backwards” around customer needs.
Former Amazon PM Ian McAllister put together this outline that you can use to get started.
Heading: Name the product in a way the reader (i.e. your target customers) will understand.Sub-Heading:Describe who the market for the product is and what benefit they get. Keep it to one sentence only underneath the title.Summary: Give a summary of the product and the benefit. Assume the reader will not read anything else, so make this paragraph good.Problem: Describe the problem your product solves.Solution: Describe how your product elegantly solves the problem.Quote from You: A quote from a spokesperson in your company.How to Get Started: Describe how easy it is to get started.Customer Quote: Provide a quote from a hypothetical customer that describes how they experienced the benefit.Closing and Call to Action: Wrap it up and give pointers on where the reader should go next.
Back in 2014, Astro Teller wrote a piece for CNN that explained the inspiration behind Glass:
“When a technology reaches this point of invisibility, it has reached its ultimate goal: becoming part of our routine, with no compromise between us and the technology….What inspired Google Glass was partly the realization that consumer technology products often don’t live up to those standards.”
I love this. Technology shouldn’t call attention itself. It’s a means to an end. That end is to give people a better way of doing things that they’re already doing. All of Glass’ early problems can be traced back to forgetting this core principle. With the best engineers in the world and nearly unlimited resources, Google grew overconfident and distracted from what they should have been doing all along—helping people solve problems.
By launching too early and with too much hype, Glass didn’t allow itself to become invisible. Instead the product itself became the focus of everyone’s attention. It’s a lesson that Google has since learned from and is applying to the enterprise edition of Glass.
If you only remember one thing after reading this article, remember that the best products don’t come from the technology behind them. They’re about how well they become a part of our lives.
IMO Paul Travers got that right to. What I remembering him saying. Google didn't understand AR/VR as a business yet, and is behind the curve. They didn't target Enterprise & Fashion (Looks)first, Vuzix did. Who wants to back the little unproven guy. IMO not many. This till Intel stepped in and drew attention with their stock purchase. Then they tried diversify their efforts in this field. I still think, their only thinking about whats inside. To whomever the volume winners are in this field. IMO Vuzix has to settle for the best scraps it can get with regards to software and support.
RE- Tim Cook on AR. IMO Cook is being very consistent on what he said earlier about AR. This about being in AR for the long run. Apple's not in AR to just release a me to product till their ready. IMO They want to see how the early players perform in the marketplace. Enterprise certainly looks to me the AR area, that will be a major looked upon industry wide (Players & Payers) force this year. Using enterprise AR to save a company money. IMO will be a driving force to drive sales going forward. Apple has niche acquisitions in both the AR & VR space. Even a former Vuzix partner. (Past Quoting) Paul Traver-smart glasses are a technology that is touted to potentially even replace the smartphone. Given that Paul Travers worked for Kodak. He knows all to well what happened to Kodak when Kodak ignored and milked their money making product, film for to long. Kodak had a chance to be a leader in cell phones and the photo technology that went with it. IMO Kodak ignored and put off up coming technology because of it's cultured complacency, and cannibalization of it's main cash cow (film) in profit & sales.
Tim Cook says the tech ‘doesn’t exist' for Apple to make good augmented reality glasses
by Jacob Kastrenakes Oct 11, 2017, 1:11pm EDT Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images Apple CEO Tim Cook has been talking up augmented reality for the past year, but don’t take that to mean that Apple will launch a dedicated AR product anytime soon. In an interview with The Independent, Cook said that currently “the technology itself doesn’t exist” to make augmented reality glasses “in a quality way.” And Apple, he said, won’t ship an AR product unless it can deliver “a great experience.”
Cook identified two problems with current AR devices. Their field of view and the quality of their displays, he said, aren’t there yet. “Anything you would see on the market any time soon would not be something any of us would be satisfied with,” Cook told The Independent. “Nor do I think the vast majority of people would be satisfied.”
“We don’t give a rat’s about being first. We want to be the best.” He’s not wrong. Current augmented reality headsets all leave something to be desired. Microsoft’s HoloLens works, but it has a limited field of view and requires a large headset. Meta’s is less expensive but similarly huge. And Google Glass (which doesn’t even totally count as augmented reality) flopped badly immediately upon release.
But even if Apple doesn’t plan on diving into dedicated AR hardware, it already made an enormous play for the augmented reality market this year — perhaps doing more than any company to date. With the release of iOS 11 last month, recent iPhones were granted the ability to perform all kinds of AR tricks using something Apple calls ARKit. It lets developers make augmented reality games and makes it easy for camera apps to implement augmented reality stickers.
That means Apple is in an early position to be at the center of a possible boom in augmented reality experiences. Cook seems to believe as much. He compared the introduction of AR features to the introduction of the App Store. “Now you couldn’t imagine your life without apps,” he said. “AR is like that. It will be that dramatic.”
Even if it won’t happen right away, there are already signs that Apple is exploring dedicated AR hardware. The company has a patent application that envisions augmented reality glasses, and Apple reportedly has a team of over 1,000 people working on AR. In typical Apple fashion, Cook told The Independent that Apple has no interest in rushing into the market just to get a head start. “We don’t give a rat’s about being first,” he said. “We want to be the best.”
Correction October 11th, 7:55PM ET: Meta’s headset is half the price of a HoloLens, not three times the price, as this article initially stated.
P.S. Besides Google Glass, Upskill uses M300 Vuzix products. It will be interesting to see what product industry prefers. IMO This is where Paul Boris a former GE VP of Manufacturing Industries at GE Digital can help Vuzix.
FORT BRAGG (WTVD) -- We've all heard the saying that "robots are taking over the workforce" but thanks to new technology, it's actually putting people, including our wounded warriors, back to work.
"It's hard to find employers that want a 21-year-old kid that can't hear; it's hard to find an employer who has VA appointments nonstop," said Former Spc. Kevin Garland.
For years, Garland struggled to find a job after he was injured in combat in 2009.
"I lost all hearing in one ear, and I lost 70 percent in the other ear and with my vision, I have about 30 percent vision left," Garland explained.
But today, Kevin's sight and hearing are better than ever.
That's because he's the first wounded warrior to get his hands on a pair of smart glasses.
The Bluetooth equipped device can read more than 150 languages, see and scan colors, identify 16 billion objects, and even detect moods on faces.
"It's that computer in your pocket, said COO of Vuzix, Paul Boris. "It's that watch on your wrist, now it's in your eyepiece."
It's a prototype years in the making as Vuzix and CyberTimez teamed up to develop a device that will vastly improve workplace productivity.
For Garland, the best part about the glasses is that he can finally bond with his son.
"The magnification on this is my biggest use," Garland explained. "It can go up to 15 times magnification. So, being able to sit there and watch TV with my son ... I can see better than him now."
According to the Wounded Warrior Battalion on Fort Bragg, 22 veterans commit suicide every day because they have no hope.
But its products like the new smart glasses that help give our heroes a second chance.
"Products like the Cyber Eyez give them the encouragement and excitement they need to be able to come back to work and continue serving their country either on a military base or at another company," said Dr. David Godbold of the Wounded Warrior Program.
The smart glasses are available right now in the public marketplace.
The Wounded Warrior Battalion hopes to distribute them to all visually impaired wounded service members at no cost to them.
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25 Best Things To Do In Sacramento (CA)
Sacramento is the capital of California and a city that is rich with history, culture and countless things to impress you!
The famous saying from Sacramento is that “California begins here” and after spending a little bit of time here you will understand why. It is a city that has never forgotten its past and one that continues to remember the Gold Rush.
It is one of the easiest cities to fall in love with so let’s take a look at the best things to do in Sacramento.
1. Take A Visit To Old Sacramento State Historic Park
Old Sacramento Historic Park covers the entire area of the 1850’s business district and became a National Historic Landmark in 1965.
The buildings were built at the beginning of the Gold Rush and there are many historic buildings including the Eagle Theater.
Throughout the years the waterfront in this area has seen both tragedy including fire and floods, to the success of raising the streets. The area now attracts visitors from across the globe who are keen to check out these fantastic 28 acres of park.
2. Step Back In Time At The California State Railroad Museum
One of the most popular museums in Sacramento is the California State Railroad Museum. Each year over 500,000 people flock to this museum to step back in time and discover the history of the railroad. There are six buildings at the museum that cover an area of 225,000 square feet.
You will find many restored railroad cars and locomotives that were originally used throughout the state. Here you will see how the railroad has shaped California as well as its economy. One of the highlights of the museum is the Railway Post Office that visitors can step aboard to get a real experience of the past.
3. Feel Inspired At Crocker Art Museum
Originally this fine establishment was known as the E.B Crocker Art Gallery, it has since changed its name and is the longest continuously operating art museum in the west of America. There are a lot of works of art in the museum, dating from the Gold Rush to today.
The museum opened its doors in 1871 and houses one of the largest collections of international ceramics in the U.S as well as much work from Asia, Africa and Europe. There is much to see and experience here and you easily spend an entire day wandering around the beautiful pieces.
4. Meet The Animals At Sacramento Zoo
The history of the Sacramento Zoo is fascinating as it shows how the zoo went from being “the little zoo in the park” to the large, impressive zoo that you will get to experience today. Initially the zoo was very small and housed about 40 animals that were collected from local parks.
Now the zoo has 400 animals from all corners of the globe and focuses its energy on education, recreation and conservation. There is so much to see and experience here and the children especially, will thoroughly enjoy meeting all the animals.
5. See The Abandoned Sutter’s Fort
Before the Gold Rush that changed the face of California forever, the community focused around Sutter’s Fort. Created by John Sutter in 1839 the fort was a hive of activity until James W. Marshall an employee of the fort discovered the gold (about 45 miles east of the fort) that started the Californian Gold Rush, after this the fort was abandoned and left as it was.
The fort has now been completely restored to its former glory and placed on the register of National Historic Landmarks. The main building of the fort is the two storey adobe structure, it was in that very building that the first gold was found that started the Gold Rush.
7. Enjoy The California Automobile Museum
The California Automobile Museum was founded by a group of volunteers in 1982, the story behind the forming of the museum is quite interesting in itself. A group of volunteers were at a meeting when one pulled out a $100 note and asked who would match him, five others came forward and that was the starting funds from where the non-profit museum was founded.
The museums first collection was to house the largest collection of Fords in the world and as the years went by the museum began to seek other makes of car. Today you can enjoy a truly diverse and exciting collection of cars.
8. See A Show At The B Street Theatre
The B Street Theatre has become something of an institution in Sacramento and the critics keep coming back for more great shows. The mission of the theater is to promote both education and literacy, they do this by creating shows that are of the highest quality.
The theater has been going strong for nearly 30 years and in that time the traveling part of the theater has performed in front of approximately 3.6 million students from California. The Sacramento News has awarded this place the ‘Best Live Theatre’ 14 years in a row. Photo is of the yet-to-be built new and relocated B Street Theatre.
9. Admire The Beauty Of The Cathedral Of The Blessed Sacrament
The Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament is the mother church of the Catholic faith in Sacramento. This means that the church serves nearly one million Catholics and encompasses 99 churches. The cathedral was built in 1887 and has stood proud for all these years, recent renovations have made sure the cathedral continues to serve its people whilst looking spectacular.
The cathedral has an interior dome which is a sight to behold and stands at 34m high, another impressive feature is the 13 foot crucifix that has a 14 foot crown overhead, the weight of the crucifix and crown is nearly one ton.
10. Watch The Kings At The Sleep Train Arena
Whenever a city is home to an NBA team it is always worth trying to catch a game. The Sleep Train Arena in Sacramento is home to the Sacramento Kings and has been since 1988. The Kings are the longest running NBA franchise and although not the most successful of the franchises out there they have nonetheless won the NBA title in the past.
Since 2013 the team has been under new ownership with a technology entrepreneur from the Silicon Valley paying a record $535 million. Beginning in Fall 2016, the Sacramento Kings will no longer be playing at Sleep Train Arena, but at the new Golden 1 Center in downtown Sacramento.
11. Learn About Indian Life At California State Indian Museum
In 1940 the California State Indian Museum opened its door to the public with the mission of showing of three different themes to the public. The themes reflect all that is important to the Indian life; Spirit, family and nature. The museum is full of photographs and artifacts that show off how the Indians prospered in California for thousands of years.
You will get to see many traditional items that have been donated by the native Indians as well as an exhibition focused on Ishi. Ishi is reported to have been the last survivor of the Yahi tribe.
12. Spend A Night Out At Crest Theatre
The Crest Theatre first opened its doors over a hundred years ago in 1912 with the name Empress Theatre. Throughout the years the theater has had more than its fair share of drama both on the stage as well as off. None more famous than in 1946 when a marquee fell from the building a killed a bystander.
The Theatre nowadays holds regular events, live shows and classic or specialty films. There is an annual even called The Trash Film Orgy which lasts for six weeks each summer where cult cinema and local films are played.
13. Get Soaked At Raging Waters
The largest waterpark in Sacramento is called Raging Water and features over 25 water rides, slides and pools. The park is right in the centre of Sacramento and it has something to suit you regardless of your mood.
If after a while you are exhausted from all of the running around and having fun then you can stop at the family friendly restaurant for something to eat. Due to the extreme nature of some of the rides there is a height and weight limit like any other theme park.
14. Feel Inspired At The California Museum
In downtown Sacramento you will find The California Museum, the museum is home to the California Hall of Fame. From the moment you step into the building you will feel inspired as you look at some of the amazing things that people from California have achieved in the past.
The museum also remembers to honor the Native Americans and is a real place of learning and one cannot help but come away feeling energized and refreshed by the great people they have learned about.
15. Take A Trip Over Tower Bridge
Tower Bridge which is also known as The Sacramento River Bridge connects West Sacramento in Yolo County to the Sacramento County in the East. The bridge itself was built in 1935 and upon its opening 100 homing pigeons were sent across the state to deliver the news to the people.
Throughout the years the bridge has seen many renovations but a lot of the original bridge equipment still exists. Up until the 1960 the railroad used the bridge but this was made redundant so that the increased flow of traffic could be handled.
17. Stop Off At The Eagle Theatre
The Eagle Theatre in Sacramento was the very first permanent theater the state of California had seen. It was built in 1849 out of a wooden frame and a canvas covered roof. At the time of opening the crowd would have been made up of gold miners from the local area enjoying a night out.
The theater is said to be haunted and has featured in the TV show Ghost Adventures, it was during the filming of this show that the team was said to have caught an image of a rocking chair rocking itself. The theater is now owned by the California Department of Parks and Recreation and is on the California Historical Landmark Register.
18. Take A Tour Around The Old City Cemetery
The Old City Cemetery is the oldest cemetery in Sacramento, established in 1849 it has become the final resting place for many a great Californian over the decades. Buried in these grounds are previous Sacramento mayors, Californian governors and also victims of the cholera epidemic of 1850.
The cemetery has been set out as a beautiful Victorian garden and you can take a lantern led tour of the graves to experience and learn about the rich history of the people here. The grounds are mainly looked after by volunteers now, the volunteers adopt a plot and look after the gardening duties that would have previously been completed by relatives.
19. Learn The History Of Sacramento
When people think about Sacramento it is always the Gold Rush that comes to mind, but there is so much more to this great city than that. The Sacramento History Museum delves into the past of this city and showcases the area’s first inhabitants, how farm life was and much more.
The museum is very interactive and the way the museum is presented really makes you feel like you were there living among the people all those years ago. The museum has employed guides that will show you around and they manage to bring every situation to life. If you want to learn about how the city lifted itself up from the floods of the 1860’s and 70’s then this is a great place to start.
20. Watch The Sacramento State Hornets Football Team
Although not the most successful of college football teams the State Hornets are well worth a watch when in town. They play their home games at the Hornet Stadium and always have a strong following. The stadium holds over 21,000 people so you can always guarantee a great atmosphere. E
ach year the Hornets play their local arch rivals, the UC Davis Aggies. The two teams are separated by Tower Bridge and the game is usually held on the last day of the regular season. The teams fight it out for the Causeway Classic which was named after the bridge that separates them.
21. Cycle The American River Bike Trail
The American River Bike Trail is also known as the Jedediah Smith Memorial Trail and it runs for 32 miles between Discovery Park in Old Sacramento and Beal’s Point. The trail is a beautiful ride as it is completely paved and has two operational lanes.
There are plenty of amenities along the way such as restroom’s, water fountains and public telephones. If you are hungry then there are plenty of places you can stop at along the way to have a bite to eat and a rest before continuing.
22. Escape Into A Fairytale
Fairytale Town is a 2.5 acre play area and children’s museum in Sacramento. The museum has been designed to bring all of your favorite nursery rhymes and fairytale’s to life. There are more than 25 different areas to play in, each reflecting a children’s story that can be brought to life with a little imagination.
There are also various animals dotted throughout the park such as Peter Rabbit or the sheep that Mary had. Fairytale Town is a great place to go back and reminisce over your childhood whatever age you may be.
23. Take A Ride On The Sac Brew Bike
The Sac Brew Bike is perfect for groups that want to spend their time doing something different. Here you and your friends can jump aboard this multi-person bike and go for a group cycle around some of Sacramento’s best drinking and eating spots.
You all jump on and get peddling whilst the driver operates the steering to make sure you are still going in the right direction after a few drinks. A completely unique experience to the city and one that is worth doing as it is not often you can exercise and have fun at the same time.
24. Eat At The Kitchen
If you are looking for somewhere to go for a special occasion or just want to treat yourself then you might want to consider The Kitchen restaurant. The restaurant was formed in 1991 by a husband and wife team who wanted to stick to the concept of “Farm-To-Fork” dining.
Everything in the restaurant is from locally sourced farmers and producers and the restaurant has been a sell out nightly for more than 20 years! It is not a cheap place to dine at but for a one of special occasion and it is worth every cent.
25. Be Amazed At The Dive Bar
Sometimes seeing is really believing and if you want something completely extraordinary then you should stop off for a pint at The Dive Bar. Above the bar is a tank that holds 7,500 gallons of water, in the tank are mermaids and mermen swimming around for your pleasure.
The bar is available for private parties as well as the casual drinker who just wants to chill out for a while. The bar is truly unique and a great place to see a once in a lifetime experience.
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This Day in Showbiz History… March 25
ON THIS DAY IN 2018:
British singer-pianist and songwriter Elton John (pictured) celebrates his 71st birthday today, while singing legend Aretha Franklin turns 76, and actress and former American Idol finalist Katharine McPhee, star of the musical-drama series Smash, turns 34.
From Here to Eternity took the Best Picture statuette at the 26th Oscars ceremony, held on this day in 1954, while on this day in 1974, Barbra Streisand recorded her Butterfly album. Also of note is that this day in 1982 marked the first US broadcast of the popular crime series, Cagney and Lacey.
Jennifer Aniston filed for divorce from Brad Pitt on this day in 2005, citing irreconcilable differences. The stars had been wed for four-and-a-half years.
On this day in 1982, Talk Talk by Talk Talk rose to the top of the Springbok Radio chart, where it remained for four weeks. Just saying…
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Description: In this role you would be responsible for finding new students/writers to take online screenwriting courses with The Independent Screenwriters. Focus cities are Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, Toronto, Austin, and London but any city and location to be a focal city is encouraged. You would find students/writers using internet methods such as posting on college boards, online forums, coffee sites, community pages, etc. You can post anywhere and a variety of methods are encouraged to find individuals who have a passion for screenwriting and really just want to write a completed, polished screenplay. The writer does not need previous experience writing screenplays, as the whole process from start to finish is taught.
How Sign-Ups Work: If you find a person/writer interested in the course, we can invoice them and track your sign-ups/payments that way, or they can sign up directly through the website and enter a code that is assigned to you so the sign ups can be tracked for payment that way. As soon as the person signs up, they get an email from us with the course syllabus and a personalized welcome of how the course start. You would not need to do anything else after that point.How Payment Works: All payments are via Paypal. After the first sign up, $100 same day. After that, $450 per month if there are at least 8 sign ups per month (8% of total monthly sign ups if there are not 8 sign ups). If you have 15 signs in a month, then you would get a $200 bonus. 20 or more sign ups per month, $1000 per month. After 90 days if sign ups are steady, then a higher base monthly pay is negotiable.
Hiring Process: Submit your resume (no previous experience required) to [email protected] and it will be reviewed. If we are interested we will offer you a contract. For more information, you can visit www.theindependentscreenwriters.com and feel free to reach out with any questions.
Currently we are looking for several people and we are growing rapidly. Looking for people in all states. This is a great way to make money from home and independent contractors will be eligible to take our courses for free.
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Phos-tag SDS-PAGE systems for phosphorylation profiling of proteins with a wide range of molecular masses under neutral pH conditions.
We have previously reported a neutral-pH gel system buffered with Bis-Tris hydrochloride (Bis-Tris-HCl) in Zn(2+)-Phos-tag SDS-PAGE for advanced profiling of phosphoproteins with molecular masses of 10-200 kDa. In the current work, we describe characteristics of two neutral-pH gel systems, Bis-Tris-HCl and Tris-acetic acid (Tris-AcOH), based on comparative studies of the separation of a wide range of proteins with molecular masses from 10 to 350 kDa. For 10-200 kDa cellular proteins, the Bis-Tris-HCl system showed a higher resolving power in a 2-D fluorescence DIGE analysis of certain phosphoproteins, e.g. histone H3 (15 kDa) and elongation factor 2 (95 kDa). Furthermore, there was a large difference in the 1-D migration patterns of phosphorylated species of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2, 44/42 kDa), which arise from changes in the phosphorylation status of the Thr-202 and Tyr-204, in the two buffer systems at the same concentration of Zn(2+)-Phos-tag. In contrast, shifts in the mobility of various phosphorylated species of a high-molecular-mass protein, ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase (ATM, 350 kDa), could only be detected in the Tris-AcOH system with a 3% w/v polyacrylamide gel strengthened with 0.5% w/v agarose.
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T15 Cross-Flow turbine
T15 Turbine, is based on a consequent optimizing process conducted over many years. Numerous computer based modifications of the hydraulic profile were empirically tested in the laboratory of the Institute for Hydraulic Machines of Stuttgart University.
The test turbine of 29 kW had a runner diameter of 300 mm, and the sophisticated measuring facilities guarantee for reliable results. The achieved improvements were the basis for the redesign of the turbine. Three models, with the standard diameter of 300 mm and runner diameters of 400 and 500 mm, for larger flows at low head, were developed. It is now possible, even with the limitation of simple production methods, to build very reliable and long lasting turbines with competitive high efficiency.
Big efforts were made to reach a good part load efficiency. With only 20% of the rated flow, the efficiency is still over 50%. This allows to reduce costs, because a single cell CFT will be sufficient in the majority of the applications. Double cell CFTs have two independent guide vanes, and require two regulation devices as well, which increases cost.
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The Daily Inside Look at Grassroots and High School Basketball in the Austin/San Antonio Area. Brought to you by Coach Max Ivany, one of the Nation's most well connected and premier evaluators of Boys and Girls Talent for the College Level.
Saturday, April 11, 2009
Texas D-1 Ambassadors 89 Branch West Prep (CA) 71
With an ESPN Outside The Lines crew shooting the action the Texas D-1 Ambassadors put on another high flying act & dunk-a-thon in beating Branch West Prep out of California by a score of 93-71. The kids have been so impressive that we've been asked to do an interview Saturday morning about the club & the players with ESPN. Apparently their show is about the growing importance of high level club basketball in the recruiting process. It's an honor the kids have earned, and I tip my hat to every one of them. All the folks in the 210, 512, 254 area codes as well as down in "The Roux" (Baton Rouge, LA) should be very proud of how these boys are representing their respective communities on and off the court as well as in the classroom.It's to the point where who the scorers are doesn't really matter because they are trying to set each other up so much they'd rather count assists. R.J. McGhee who can score with the best of them made it a personal bet with San Antonio's Paul Garnica over who could get the most ASSISTS. Now that's team play! It has been fun. Gold bracketplay begins tomorrow against the A-train Snow Bears from Utah. Needless to say the trip to Las Vegas has been extremely worthwhile for the continued exposure of the boys. We respect our opponents and understand that one slip in bracket play and it's loser go home.
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BIO
2004: A reserve defensive end who saw action in one game (Eastern Michigan) for 11 plays…Only tackle of season came in only action of season vs. Eastern Michigan…
2003: A backup defensive end who played in two games (SJSU, FAMU) for 38 plays…Saw first career action vs. San Jose State with 17 plays on defense, recording one solo tackle…Saw time vs. FAMU, recording two tackles in the win…Dressed for the Miami, Ole Miss, Georgia, South Carolina and FSU games but did not see action…
2002: Worked with the scout team at defensive tackle and was redshirted…
PREP: A two-year starter and captain…Wendy's High School Heisman nominee…Silver Knight Nominee (athletics)… Also played basketball for four years…Named MVP, Most Improved Player and Best Rebounder for basketball…
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Kristin Smart – Disappearance Case Reopened
THE FBI PLANS TO TAKE ANOTHER LOOK
The FBI prepared to excavate a site on the edge of California Polytechnic State University. They are hoping to find the remains of student Kristin Smart , who vanished more than 20 years ago.
Kristin Smart, then only 19 years old, was last seen on May 25th in 1996. She was returning to her dorm after a party near the campus.
At the time, another student told authorities he, and another female student, had left Kristin near her dormitory after they had all walked back together. He is now being called a ‘person of interest’ by the FBI.
At the time, a neighbor in Kristin’s dorm called university police the next morning and reported that she hadn’t returned. But other students said they thought she had gone camping, so officers didn’t declare her missing for more than three days.
The site the FBI intends to unearth is a bit of hilly terrain next to a campus parking lot. It was one of several areas that were once identified by dogs that are specially trained in detecting the scent of very old human remains.
The dig, expected to begin on the eighth and last about four days, was pre-planned to occur while classes were not in session. The excavation was to go ‘3 feet deep and extend outward 90 feet’ and will be involving 25 FBI agents.
Kristin’s family has been made aware of the new energies that the FBI will be spending over the next week, on behalf of their daughter. They fully support the efforts of the FBI, understanding that something, or nothing, may be discovered.
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A Sneak Peek into the New Kitsilano Pallet Coffee Roasters
We’ve been a fan of Pallet Coffee Roasters for ages now, including them in our top 10 places to visit in Vancouver. Their director of coffee, Ben, recently gave me the heads up on the fact that they’d secured a new location in Kitsilano and that I should keep my eyes open for it. Obviously I was never going to leave it at that, so luckily he was easily convinced to give me a sneak peek into the new Kitsilano Pallet Coffee Roasters!
The new location is going to have a heavy focus on upping their food game, with new menu items and constant employee training to ensure that the highest quality grub gets in front of you. Ben said, “We want to utilize this new space to continuiously evolve our food menu, bringing in new dishes and seasonal offerings”.
Despite the construction, the venue itself is already looking stylish but inviting, with the wooden pallet theme continuing, as well as the hanging light bulb fixtures that were introduced in their Kingsway location. There appears to be plenty of seating in this massive venue, as well as a hidden upstairs training center for their staff.
Pallet have bought in a highly skilled manager with a history of work in some very impressive locations, to ensure an “amazing customer experience”, as well as new baristas to lead up their large pour over and espresso bar area.
Keep an eye on their website for more info on an opening date, but I’m reassured it’ll be in the next few weeks.
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The Vancouver Coffee Snob is the highest rated coffee reviewer there has ever been on this site. Which makes sense really, as he's the only one posting on here.
His reviews should, at best, not be trusted and there's no substance to the rumor that he has a jar of instant coffee in his kitchen.
Ultimately his heart is in the right place. Physically that is... he's actually a bit of imbecile in person.
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It was the evolutionary leap that defined the species: while other apes ambled around on all fours, the ancestors of humans rose up on two legs and, from that lofty position, went on to conquer the world.
The benefits of standing tall in the African savannah are broadly nailed down, but what prompted our distant forebears to walk upright is far from clear. Now, in a radical proposal, US scientists point to a cosmic intervention: protohumans had a helping hand from a flurry of exploding stars, they say.
According to the researchers, a series of stars in our corner of the Milky Way exploded in a cosmic riot that began about 7m years ago and continued for millions of years more. The supernovae blasted powerful cosmic rays in all directions. On Earth, the radiation arriving from the cataclysmic explosions peaked about 2.6m years ago.
Q&A What is a supernova? Show Supernovae are exploding stars. The violent events are the largest explosions in space and can shine for months and even years with the brightness of 100m suns. A star can explode in one of two ways. The first type of supernova happens when a white dwarf star made from carbon and oxygen attracts material from another star that it orbits. The white dwarf grows steadily until the density of its core becomes so high that the carbon and oxygen fuse in a runaway reaction that drives the explosion. The second, more common, type of supernova happens when stars burn up their nuclear fuel and cannot withstand their own gravity. The core of the star collapses but triggers a massive explosion. Many common elements are forged inside stars and are scattered through space by supernovae, where they go on to form new stars and planets.
The surge of radiation triggered a chain of events, the scientists argue. As cosmic rays battered the planet, they ionised the atmosphere and made it more conductive. This could have ramped up the frequency of lightning strikes, sending wildfires raging through African forests, and making way for grasslands, they write in the Journal of Geology. With fewer trees at hand in the aftermath, our ancient ancestors adapted, and those who walked upright thrived.
That, at least, is the thinking. In the history of human evolution, walking upright dates back at least 6m years to Sahelanthropus, an ancient species with both ape and human features discovered from fossil remains found in Chad. One prominent theory is that climate change transformed the landscape, leaving savannah where trees once stood.
One of the study’s authors, Adrian Melott of the University of Kansas, said ancient human relatives were already dabbling with standing upright before the effects of any supernovae took hold. But he believes the violent explosions still played a role. “Bipedalism had already gotten started, but we think this may have given it a strong shot in the arm,” he said.
“Lightning has long been thought to be the primary cause of fires before humans had a role, and with a lot of fires you get the destruction of a lot of habitat,” Melott said. “When the forests are replaced with grasslands, it then becomes an advantage to stand upright, so you can walk from tree to tree, and see over the tall grass for predators.”
The cosmic rays from one star known to have exploded about 164 light years from Earth would have increased the ionisation of the atmosphere 50-fold, the scientists calculate. Cosmic rays ionise the atmosphere when they knock electrons out of the atoms and molecules they slam into in the air. Cosmic rays normally only ionise the upper reaches of the atmosphere, but powerful ones from nearby supernovae can penetrate the entire depth of the atmosphere, ionising it all the way to the ground. “We are sure this would have increased lightning strikes, but lightning initiation is not well understood, so we cannot put a number on it,” Melott said.
If the scientists are right, future supernovae could potentially trigger more wildfires on Earth. But the planet appears safe for the moment. The nearest star on course to explode in the next billion years is Betelgeuse, one of the brightest in the constellation of Orion, which lies a safe 642 light years away.
The researchers concede that more research is needed to understand if cosmic rays really do drive lightning. “If the lightning–cosmic ray connection turns out to be incorrect, this whole thing falls apart,” said Melott.
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Despite viewers having been given the appearance that May had appeared to be alone in the flying caravan, a professional pilot, Chris Sanger-Davies, had undertaken some of the more difficult manoeuvres.
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Caution!!! This is only a funny competition for your enjoyment, not for survival. Don't forget about the possibility of frostbite. Be careful!
CATEGORIES: - There is on special categories, all participants play in one. It is allowed to use a portable (battery) or a fixed (AC) power supply.
EXCHANGE:Exchange with real RST (RS), RU-QRP member's number (not-members must send 'NM'), after the stroke send temperature identifier on your current position. Multi-operator who are RU-QRP members also send their member's number. Temperature identifier (F.R.O.S.T.) on the current working position for current QSO is choosen from the table below:
You can also exchange with other information (like exact t, name, QTH, etc.) during the QSO. Temperature identifier can change as operation conditions change.
Duplicate QSOs allowed on different bands and with different modes, They are also allowed on the same band and with the same mode, if you or other station has new temperature identifier. To inform others about your new identifier, you can use a call like this: 'CQ MOROZ/S'.
POINTS:- For each successful QSO you will get a 1 point. If this QSO will be confirmed in other station's log, you will receive additional 1 point;- For each new RU-QRP member's number - additionally 5 points regardless of the band;- For each full F.R.O.S.T. set - additionally 20 points.
During the game insufficient letter from the F.R.O.S.T. set is possible to substitute from your current temperature identifier, but only if you already have no less then 10 QSOs with this letter.
- The participant who takes 1st place will be awarded a plaquette;- Participants who took 2nd and 3rd place will be awarded with medals;- 10 participants with the best results will receive certificates in electronic form indicating subgroups occupied space and score. For applicants for awards change the identifier and, accordingly, the operating position must always be recorded in the photo story.
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<small>Clone a provision template</small>
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<pre class="prettyprint">POST /api/config_templates/1007981701-centos5_3_pxelinux/clone
{
"config_template": {
"name": ""
}
}
422
{
"error": {
"id": null,
"errors": {
"name": [
"can't be blank"
],
"operatingsystems": [
"is invalid"
]
},
"full_messages": [
"Name can't be blank",
"Operatingsystems is invalid"
]
}
}</pre>
<h2>Params</h2>
<table class='table'>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Param name</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr style='background-color:rgb(255,255,255);'>
<td>
<strong>location_id </strong><br>
<small>
optional
</small>
</td>
<td>
<p>Scope by locations</p>
<p><strong>Validations:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Must be a Integer</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style='background-color:rgb(255,255,255);'>
<td>
<strong>organization_id </strong><br>
<small>
optional
</small>
</td>
<td>
<p>Scope by organizations</p>
<p><strong>Validations:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Must be a Integer</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style='background-color:rgb(255,255,255);'>
<td>
<strong>id </strong><br>
<small>
required
</small>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>Validations:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Must be an identifier, string from 1 to 128 characters containing only alphanumeric characters, space, underscore(_), hypen(-) with no leading or trailing space.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style='background-color:rgb(255,255,255);'>
<td>
<strong>config_template </strong><br>
<small>
required
</small>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>Validations:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Must be a Hash</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style='background-color:rgb(250,250,250);'>
<td>
<strong>config_template[name] </strong><br>
<small>
required
</small>
</td>
<td>
<p>template name</p>
<p><strong>Validations:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Must be a String</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
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|
Q:
If connection is closed by a Database, do I need to close it manually?
I have a connection pool. In the getConnection() method I poll a connection from the queue to a variable and check whether it is closed by isClosed() method. If it is closed I set to the variable new connection by DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password) method.
The question is: do I need to close the connection mannualy by close() method before rewriting the varible to ensure that the connection will be collected by the Garbage Collector?
A:
It is not needed (Recommended).
If you call close() manually after the connection has been closed, there will be no action performed on that connection object.
|
Q:
bash: find pattern in one file and apply some code for each pattern found
I created a script that will auto-login to router and checks for current CPU load, if load exceeds a certain threshold I need it print the current CPU value to the standard output.
i would like to search in script o/p for a certain pattern (the value 80 in this case which is the threshold for high CPU load) and then for each instance of the pattern it will check if current value is greater than 80 or not, if true then it will print 5 lines before the pattern followed by then the current line with the pattern.
Question1: how to loop over each instance of the pattern and apply some code on each of them separately?
Question2: How to print n lines before the pattern followed by x lines after the pattern?
ex. i used awk to search for the pattern "health" and print 6 lines after it as below:
awk '/health/{x=NR+6}(NR<=x){print}' ./logs/CpuCheck.log
I would like to do the same for the pattern "80" and this time print 5 lines before it and one line after....only if $3 (representing current CPU load) is exceeding the value 80
below is the output of auto-login script (file name: CpuCheck.log)
ABCD-> show health xxxxxxxxxx
* - current value exceeds threshold
1 Min 1 Hr 1 Hr
Cpu Limit Curr Avg Avg Max
-----------------+-------+------+------+-----+----
01 80 39 36 36 47
WXYZ-> show health xxxxxxxxxx
* - current value exceeds threshold
1 Min 1 Hr 1 Hr
Cpu Limit Curr Avg Avg Max
-----------------+-------+------+------+-----+----
01 80 29 31 31 43
Thanks in advance for the help
A:
Unfortunately, awk is stream-oriented and doesn't have a simple way to get the lines before the current line. But that doesn't mean it isn't possible:
awk '
BEGIN {
bufferSize = 6;
}
{
buffer[NR % bufferSize] = $0;
}
$2 == 80 && $3 > 80 {
# print the five lines before the match and the line with the match
for (i = 1; i <= bufferSize; i++) {
print buffer[(NR + i) % bufferSize];
}
}
' ./logs/CpuCheck.log
|
Description:System Tray access to and notifications for versions 12.0 to 15.0 of Symantec's Norton Ghost backup software and Norton Save and Restore 2.0 backup software (either as a standalone product or as part of Norton SystemWorks 2009 Premier) - which is a renamed version of Norton Ghost
|
TheKings is a gaming community based around its players, We represent a group of streamers and have established multiple servers and clans online.
TheKings Gaming community reviews
"You like games? We like games this is what we recommend!"
Here are a few recent reviews by TheKings Gaming community
|
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Young driver education, training programs, and legislative changes have been successful at decreasing the number of collisions over the last few decades \[[@pone.0118348.ref001]--[@pone.0118348.ref003]\]. Over the last few years, in Canada, many provinces (that enforce their own driving legislation) have put in place restrictive measures for young drivers. For instance, in New Brunswick (Canadian province on the east coast), since 2009 individuals between the ages of 16 and 21 years must go through a graduated licensing program to obtain a driving permit. They cannot operate motor vehicles between midnight and 5 a.m. There is zero tolerance for alcohol, therefore drivers must have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.0 g/dL. Individuals who carry a learner's permit can have no more than one teenage passenger at a time. After successfully finishing the graduated licensing program (without violations), drivers 21 years of age become unrestricted, meaning that the zero alcohol tolerance policy is lifted. Despite all actions taken, young drivers remain the most at-risk group of drivers, underscoring the need to further understand the factors underlying collisions in this population.
In 2010, 27.7% of alcohol-related crashes resulting in serious injuries involved drivers between the ages of 16 and 25 years \[[@pone.0118348.ref004]\]. Overall, this age group was implicated in 33.2% of all serious alcohol-related injuries in Canada that year \[[@pone.0118348.ref004]\]. More alarming, the number of deaths in this age group was 593, with alcohol being a factor in 299 of these cases, representing 50% of all deaths in this age group \[[@pone.0118348.ref004]\]. The drivers of this age are scattered between the multiple steps of the licensing program. Even though this age group represents only 13.6% of the Canadian population, it is responsible for 33.3% of alcohol-related crashes resulting in fatalities \[[@pone.0118348.ref005]\].
Many factors contribute to collisions in younger drivers, including driver inexperience, risky driving behaviour, and drug and/or alcohol consumption \[[@pone.0118348.ref006],[@pone.0118348.ref007]\]. By far, alcohol is one of the most dangerous yet preventable factors responsible for driving-related collisions. Alcohol can play an important role in many social events for this age group, and the acute impact of alcohol consumption on driving is widely studied \[[@pone.0118348.ref008]\]. However, it is not uncommon for individuals to consume large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time, and to then take the wheel a few hours later when they have reached legally acceptable BAC levels. A recent epidemiological study by French & Gumus \[[@pone.0118348.ref009]\], observed not only a significant increased prevalence of motor vehicle collision during the spring break season involving young drivers, but also a significant number of these crashes involving drivers with a BAC below 0.08 g/dL. This level is not considered legally impaired in North America. Although there is a preponderance of studies examining the effects of alcohol consumption on performance shortly following intoxication, there are a lack of studies examining driving performance after a more prolonged abstinence.
To better understand the effects of common practices regarding alcohol consumption observed in young drivers and driving performance, the present pilot study examined the effects and relationships between simulated driving performance and crash risk in young drivers with BAC decreasing over time. This study recreated a combined social gathering and impaired driving context, while capturing direct measures of driving performance.
Materials and Methods {#sec002}
=====================
Design {#sec003}
------
An experimental design with two groups of young drivers was chosen for observation: 1) the effects of decreasing BAC on driving performance and crash risk in the first group; and 2) the second group was used to control potential learning effects (performance improvement) of multiple sessions with assessment tools (i.e. driving simulator and useful field of view (UFOV)). For this pilot study, the statistical power was not enough (i.e. \< 0.95; α = 0.05) to be able to conduct between-group analysis. Therefore, strictly intra-group comparisons were performed.
Participants {#sec004}
------------
Two groups of 10 participants (12 women, 8 men) volunteered to take part in this study. Of the twenty participants, four participants were unable to complete the protocol (two in each group) due to simulator sickness. To be eligible, participants were required to have a valid driver's license and be at least 19 years old, the legal drinking age in the province of New Brunswick. Participants were excluded from the study if they had chronic diseases, had issues linked to alcohol consumption or did not consume alcohol weekly (at least 1 drink par week). Pregnancy was also an exclusion factor. All drivers were recruited from the academic community of the university. This experiment was specifically approved by the *Comité d\'éthique de la recherche avec les êtres humains* of the *Université de Moncton* (reference number is CER-1213032).
Experimental group: The participants were invited to binge drink in a social gathering event that took place in a controlled environment in the lab, and were encouraged to invite a friend to this event. All participants were advised to abstain from drinking alcohol 24 hours prior to testing, have a good night's sleep and eat well before the experiment. This group had an average age of 21.6 ± 2.32 years (2 women, 6 men) and consumed an average of 7 ± 4.6 drinks weekly. For safety while consuming alcohol, a registered nurse supervised the participants.
Control group: In this group, participants completed the same protocol but without consuming alcohol. This group had a mean age of 20.9 ± 2.35 years (4 women, 4 men). Since this group did not consume alcohol during this study, alcohol related information was not recorded (i.e. issues with alcohol consumption, consumption habits).
Apparatus {#sec005}
---------
Physiological assessment: A 3-lead ECG (MLA2340), was used to collect, condition (i.e. amplification, filtering, converting) and record heart signals with the help of the Bio Amp unit (FE132) and an eight channel PowerLab unit (PL3508) (AdInstruments, United States of America (USA)). LabChart software (version 7, AdInstruments) was used for data collection, data analysis and calculation of heart rate variability (HRV). HRV was used to measure the physiological response to alcohol \[[@pone.0118348.ref010],[@pone.0118348.ref011]\].
Crash risk prediction: The Useful Field of View (UFOV) test is one of the most widely used and better predictors available of driving performance and crash risk \[[@pone.0118348.ref012],[@pone.0118348.ref013]\]. It is comprised of three subtests measuring: 1) processing speed; 2) divided attention; and 3) selective attention. These represent higher-order cognitive functioning required for safe vehicle driving. After completing all three subtests, the software places each participant into a relative crash risk category ranging from very low to very high. This test was performed on a 17" touch screen (Elo Touchsystems 2700 Intellitouch USB) with UFOV software (version 6.1.4; Visual Awareness Research Group inc., USA).
Driving simulator: The simulated drives were completed on a driving simulator (VS500M, Virage Simulation, Canada). The open car simulator resembles a General Motors (GM) compact cab interior. The simulator consists of a driver's seat, steering column, pedals, automatic transmission and a dashboard, which are mounted on a three-axis motion/vibration platform that provides force feedback and vibration. Three 52" LCD displays provide 180 degrees front view. The resolution is 1920x1080 pixels per front display. Rear view and side view mirrors are simulated through the screens. Two side screens located behind the driver provide additional visual feedback for the left and right blind spots.
Procedures {#sec006}
----------
Upon arrival at the laboratory, each participant was briefed on the procedures of the experiment. All participants read and signed a consent form approved by the research ethics committee of the *Université de Moncton* (CER-1213032). Participants were then given a general demographic questionnaire. In addition, a registered nurse sat with each participant and asked questions related to alcohol consumption and alcohol behaviour. Following this initial screening, 3-lead ECG electrodes were placed on the participants. Next, the participants were guided through a 10 minute practice driving scenario to get familiarized with the simulator. After this adaptation period, a 5 minute rest period was provided before proceeding with the UFOV and in-simulator driving assessment.
The simulated driving scenario was an urban drive that took an average of 13.6 ± 1.41 minutes. This drive occurred on a clear day through a city while encountering different levels of traffic density with other road users. Participants were guided through the simulation using a programmed voice (similar to a car GPS navigator) instructing participants to turn left or right at various intersections. All participants underwent the same driving scenario. Both groups were assessed at four time points (alcohol conditions):
- 8 a.m. on the first assessment day (BAC at 0 g/dL; Sober),
- 12 p.m. (four hours (4) after acute consumption with BAC within 0.05--0.07 g/dL; Moderate BAC),
- 3 p.m. (seven hours (7) after acute consumption with BAC within 0.01--0.04 g/dL; Low BAC),
- 8 a.m. the next morning (twenty-four hours (24) after acute consumption with BAC at 0 g/dL; 24H).
The participants in the control group were assessed at corresponding times of day (8 a.m., noon, 3 p.m. and 8 a.m. the next morning). To validate that the experimental participants did not exceed target BAC values, an ethylometer (Dräger Alcotest 7410 GLC, Draeger Safety Canada Ltd, Canada) was used before each testing period. All participants were at the appropriate BAC values before and during testing. This ethylometer was a loan from the city police service. Participants in the alcohol group were asked to consume one drink (30 mL of 40% Vodka) for every 11 kg of body weight in 60 minutes. The total number of drinks to be consumed was equally distributed over the hour. The average consumption of 30 mL drinks in one hour was 5.3 ± 1.4. This quantity of alcohol was deemed necessary to bring participants' BAC over 0.10 g/dL (high BAC), similar to what could be expected during a binge-drinking scenario. Following consumption, the estimation of BAC was calculated with a Canadian adaptation of the Widmark formula \[[@pone.0118348.ref014]\], where a standard drink contains 13.6 g of alcohol \[[@pone.0118348.ref015]\]. This formula was used to define the amount of time required for BACs to be at moderate and low levels. Widmark formula: $$\text{BAC} = \left( {0.806*\text{SD}*1.36} \right)/\left( {\text{BW}*\text{Wt}} \right) - \left( {\text{MR}*\text{DP}} \right)$$ where, 0.806 is a constant for body water in the blood (mean 80.6%), SD is the number of standard drinks (10 g ethanol per drink); 1.36 is the factor to convert the amount in grams to Canadian standards, BW is the body water constant (0.49 for females, 0.58 for males); Wt is body weight (kg); MR is metabolism rate of alcohol elimination (0.017 for females, 0.015 for males); and DP is the drinking period (hour).
Dependant variables {#sec007}
-------------------
### HRV {#sec008}
- Mean heart rate (MHR) in beats per minute (bpm).
- Mean time intervals between normal-to-normal beats (MeanNN) in milliseconds (ms).
- Standard deviation time intervals between normal-to-normal beats (SDNN) in ms.
- Proportion of NN50 divided by total number of normal-to-normal beats intervals (pNN50) (NN50 is the number of pairs of successive intervals between normal-to-normal beats that differ by more than 50 ms).
### Driving performance in the simulator {#sec009}
Four driving variables were extracted from a standardized report generated by the simulator, based on the VirageSimulation algorithm:
- Percentage of time spent over the speed limit (Speeding);
- Amount of driving errors (Mistakes) including collisions with object/vehicle/pedestrian, respect of signalisation, sudden stop and inappropriate handing of the vehicle in turns as well as lane changes;
- General performance score (VSI Score) on 100 points resulting from the cumulative weight of six driving elements: steering control (15%), safety (30%), legality (30%), vehicle mobility (5%), road sharing (10%) and ecodriving (10%);
- Specific performance score from the six previous elements was calculated on 100 points: steering control (VSI Steering), safety (VSI Safety), legality (VSI Legality), vehicle mobility (VSI Mobility), road sharing (VSI Sharing) and ecodriving (VSI Ecodriving).
### UFOV and crash risk prediction {#sec010}
Based on 4 measures obtained from the UFOV test \[[@pone.0118348.ref013]\]:
- Processing speed in milliseconds (ms) (subtest 1);
- Divided attention in ms (subtest 2);
- Selective attention in ms (subtest 3);
- From these measures, crash risk categories were obtained: 1) very low, 2) low, 3) moderate, 4) high and 5) very high.
Statistical Analysis {#sec011}
--------------------
For the control group, one-way repeated measure ANOVA (comparison between time points) was performed to measure the potential learning effect due to repeated exposure on the simulator and UFOV test. If the result was significant (*p* \< 0.05) a Holm-Sidak post-hoc method was conducted.
For the experimental group, one-way repeated measures ANOVAs (comparison between time points) were performed to measure the effects of decreasing BAC on physiological response, driving behaviour and UFOV measures. When *p* value was significant (*p* \< 0.05), a Holm-Sidak post-hoc method was conducted. Crash risk categories were compared using a Friedman repeated measures analysis of variance on ranks. When *p* value was significant (*p* \< 0.05), a Dunnett's post-hoc method was conducted. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to measure the relationships between driving performance and crash risk categories. Pearson correlation coefficients were completed to measure the relationships within and between driving performance and UFOV subtest performance. SigmaPlot (version 12.5; Systat Software inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel (version 14.0.7; Microsoft, USA) were used to conduct all analyses.
Results {#sec012}
=======
For the control group, in all time points, results showed no learning effect from the driving simulator, but a learning effect for the UFOV was observed considering an improvement for the subtest three (selective attention) ([Table 1](#pone.0118348.t001){ref-type="table"}). Graphical representation of these data can be visualized in [Fig. 1](#pone.0118348.g001){ref-type="fig"}.
{#pone.0118348.g001}
10.1371/journal.pone.0118348.t001
###### Driving performance, useful field of view test (UFOV) and physiological responses for the control group.
{#pone.0118348.t001g}
Conditions (Time points) *p* Value
-------------------------- -------------------------- --------------- --------------- ------------- --------------------------------------- ----- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
**Driving performance**
Speeding (%) 5.3 ± 6.2 11.0 ± 5.2 7.0 ± 4.8 9.3 ± 8.6 NS --- --- ---
Mistakes (n) 4.4 ± 1.5 5.3 ± 0.7 4.5 ± 2.3 3.1 ± 1.7 NS --- --- ---
**General**
VSI Score (%) 58.5 ± 20.5 48.5 ± 18.8 53.4 ± 16.3 63.9 ± 19.8 NS --- --- ---
**Specific**
VSI Steering (%) 56.3 ± 23.6 47.8 ± 19.6 59.0 ± 19.5 69.2 ± 18.9 NS --- --- ---
VSI Safety (%) 51.0 ± 30.5 32.5 ± 26.2 40.1 ± 25.2 54.3 ± 31.5 NS --- --- ---
VSI Legality (%) 62.6 ± 21.1 58.3 ± 18.2 57.4 ± 17.3 63.1 ± 19.3 NS --- --- ---
VSI Mobility (%) 68.9 ± 26.0 66.1 ± 24.3 76.3 ± 24.3 88.9 ± 15.0 NS --- --- ---
VSI Sharing (%) 69.6 ± 23.4 64.0 ± 19.6 69.3 ± 24.9 81.6 ± 16.0 NS --- --- ---
VSI Ecodriving (%) 54.0 ± 16.1 44.8 ± 13.3 46.5 ± 16.5 56.4 ± 21.2 NS --- --- ---
**UFOV**
Processing speed (ms) 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 --- --- --- ---
Divided attention (ms) 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 --- --- --- ---
Selective attention (ms) 70.0 ± 14.9 55.4 ± 13.5 48.4 ± 14.3 43.6 ± 22.4 [\*](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} NS [\*](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*](#t001fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}
Crash risk category Very low Very low Very low Very Low --- --- --- ---
**HRV**
MHR (bpm) 75.7 ± 15.7 76.5 ± 14.0 76.4 ± 16.2 73.8 ± 13.6 NS --- --- ---
MeanNN (ms) 821.6 ± 163.0 808.4 ± 154.2 817.4 ± 172.8 837 ± 155.2 NS --- --- ---
SDNN (ms) 87.6 ± 38.3 75.4 ± 30.3 77.3 ± 32.8 85.4 ± 32.8 NS --- --- ---
pNN50 (%) 26.8 ± 25.9 26.0 ± 24.9 27.8 ± 27.9 31.2 ± 21.9 NS --- --- ---
Results presented are means and standard deviations (M ± SD); p Value from one-way repeated measure ANOVA and Holm-Sidak post-hoc test:
\* p \< 0.05
(---) non-assessed; (NS) non-significant. Results presented for crash risk category are the first on five level. (MHR) mean heart rate; (MeanNN) mean of NN intervals; (SDNN) standard deviation of NN intervals; (pNN50) proportion of NN50 divided by total number of NN intervals, (NN50) number of pairs of successive NN intervals that differ by more than 50ms.
For the experimental group, physiological responses (i.e. changes in HRV) to alcohol were observed, as well as diminished driving performance, but crash risk did not change for all time points ([Table 2](#pone.0118348.t002){ref-type="table"}). The summary of the repeated measures ANOVAs findings are presented in [Table 2](#pone.0118348.t002){ref-type="table"}. Graphical representation of these data are presented in [Fig. 2](#pone.0118348.g002){ref-type="fig"}. [Table 3](#pone.0118348.t003){ref-type="table"} shows moderate correlations between driving variables. However, no correlations were observed between crash risk categories nor selective attention and driving variables.
{#pone.0118348.g002}
10.1371/journal.pone.0118348.t002
###### Driving performance, useful field of view test (UFOV) and physiological responses of post-acute alcohol consumption.
{#pone.0118348.t002g}
Conditions (Time points) *p* Value
-------------------------- -------------------------- -------------- -------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
**Driving performance**
Speeding (%) 14.0 ± 7.1 22.3 ± 8.4 13.1 ± 6.5 12.6 ± 7.8 [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} NS NS
Mistakes (n) 6.8 ± 3.5 9.8 ± 3.9 5.6 ± 2.6 5.6 ± 1.8 [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} NS NS
**General**
VSI Score (%) 33.9 ± 27.3 27.8 ± 23.5 52.6 ± 18.0 54.4 ± 19.5 [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} NS [\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"}
**Specific**
VSI Steering (%) 32.1 ± 32.0 41.5 ± 31.2 66.3 ± 27.4 69.8 ± 11.6 [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} NS [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"}
VSI Safety (%) 18.9 ± 26.4 12.0 ± 18.9 34.9 ± 28.9 39.3 ± 26.7 [\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} NS NS NS
VSI Legality (%) 43.1 ± 26.8 27.6 ± 30.4 54.4 ± 12.5 51.1 ± 26.0 NS --- --- ---
VSI Mobility (%) 50.8 ± 41.2 67.1 ± 36.9 89.6 ± 23.1 94.1 ± 9.8 [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} NS [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"}
VSI Sharing (%) 39.4 ± 38.4 44.4 ± 35.5 71.4 ± 30.7 81.3 ± 16.4 [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} NS [\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"}
VSI Ecodriving (%) 39.4 ± 22.3 18.3 ± 21.6 41.6 ± 18.8 39.9 ± 21.1 [\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} \* NS NS
**UFOV**
Processing speed (ms) 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 17 ± 0 --- --- --- ---
Divided attention (ms) 17 ± 0 24 ± 19.8 24.5 ± 21.2 17 ± 0 NS --- --- ---
Selective attention (ms) 97.9 ± 36.7 94.3 ± 31.6 74.3 ± 34.5 72.0 ± 28.4 [\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} NS NS NS
Crash risk category Very low Very low Very low Very Low --- --- --- ---
**HRV**
MHR (bpm) 79.1 ± 12.0 93.4 ± 12.5 91.7 ± 10.1 79.0 ± 10.5 [\*\*\*](#t002fn004){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*\*\*](#t002fn004){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*\*\*](#t002fn004){ref-type="table-fn"} NS
MeanNN (ms) 774,9 ± 126.2 652.5 ± 85.3 660.7 ± 70.0 773.0 ± 113.9 [\*\*\*](#t002fn004){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*\*\*](#t002fn004){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*\*\*](#t002fn004){ref-type="table-fn"} NS
SDNN (ms) 75.9 ± 32.8 53.8 ± 21.1 53.1 ± 16.6 73.1 ± 21.2 [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*\*](#t002fn003){ref-type="table-fn"} [\*](#t002fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} NS
pNN50 (%) 22.7 ± 20.5 9.9 ± 16.8 9.3 ± 12.1 22.9 ± 16.6 \* \* \* NS
Results presented are means and standard deviations (M ± SD); p Value from one-way repeated measure ANOVA and Holm-Sidak post-hoc test:
\* p \< 0.05
\*\* p \< 0.01
\*\*\* p \< 0.001
(---) non-assessed; (NS) non-significant. Results presented for crash risk category are the first on five level. (MHR) mean heart rate; (MeanNN) mean of NN intervals; (SDNN) standard deviation of NN intervals; (pNN50) proportion of NN50 divided by total number of NN intervals, (NN50) number of pairs of successive NN intervals that differ by more than 50ms.
10.1371/journal.pone.0118348.t003
###### Correlations between driving performances, selective attention and crash risk categories for the experimental group.
{#pone.0118348.t003g}
Mistakes VSI score Selective attention Crash risk category
--------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
**Speeding** 0.63[\*](#t003fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} -0.70[\*](#t003fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} NS NS
**Mistakes** \- -0.71[\*](#t003fn002){ref-type="table-fn"} NS NS
**VSI score** \- \- NS NS
Results present *r* value;
\**p*\<0.05 from Pearson correlation. The association between crash risk category and drinving performances varaibles was measured by Spearman correlation; General driving performance score (VSI Score); (NS) non-significant
Physiological alcohol response (HRV) {#sec013}
------------------------------------
Under the influence of alcohol (moderate and low BAC), repeated measures ANOVA showed a higher MHR (*p* \< 0.001). Lower MeanNN (*p* \< 0.001), SDNN (*p* = 0.004) and pNN50 (*p* = 0.013) were also observed ([Table 2](#pone.0118348.t002){ref-type="table"}). Post-hoc analysis indicated a higher MHR at moderate and low BAC (*p* = 0.039; *p* = 0.046 respectively). Additionally, the MeanNN, SDNN, and pNN50 were lower at moderate and low BAC, when compared to sober (*p* \< 0.001; *p* = 0.010; *p* = 0.039, moderate BAC) (*p* \< 0.001; *p* = 0.011; *p* = 0.046, low BAC). No significant differences were found for any HRV variables between sober and after 24 hours conditions.
Driving performance and simulator learning effect {#sec014}
-------------------------------------------------
No learning effect was demonstrated by the driving simulator, as none of the driving performance variables were significantly different between the time points for the control group.
However, the group that consumed alcohol at moderate BAC exhibited decreased driving performance as they spent 8.3% more time over the speed limit (*p* = 0.011) and were implicated in 3 additional driving errors (*p* = 0.023) when compared to their sober drive ([Table 2](#pone.0118348.t002){ref-type="table"}). A driving performance improvement at low BAC and after 24 hours, when compared to sober driving was observed for VSI Score (*p* = 0.034; *p* = 0.030), VSI Steering (*p* = 0.003; *p* = 0.002), VSI Mobility (*p* = 0.004; *p* = 0.002), VSI Sharing (*p* = 0.014; *p* = 0.002). No significant differences were found for VSI Legality variables at any conditions. Moreover, VSI Safety has a significant difference (*p* = 0.023), but post-hoc test shows no differences between sober and other time points. Significant relationships between Speeding and VSI Score (*r* = -0.70), Mistakes and VSI Score (*r* = -0.71) as well as Mistakes and Speeding (*r* = 0.63) were also observed and are presented in [Table 2](#pone.0118348.t002){ref-type="table"} for the group with alcohol.
UFOV: learning effect, subtest measures and crash risk prediction {#sec015}
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The control group obtained faster selective attention times at 7H (difference of mean = 21.4 ms; *p* = 0.033) and 24H (difference of mean = 26.4 ms; *p* = 0.014) time points, when compared to 0 H ([Table 1](#pone.0118348.t001){ref-type="table"}). This shows a learning effect for this group in the third UFOV subtest. This group remained in the very low crash risk category throughout testing.
For the experimental group, no significant difference was found between the first and the second subtests ([Table 2](#pone.0118348.t002){ref-type="table"}). However, the third subtest shows significant differences (*p* = 0.033). Over time points, we observe a decrease in selective attention time, however there are no significant differences when compared to sober (*p* = 0.732; *p* = 0.068; *p* = 0.064, respectively). Moreover, this group remained in the very low risk to crash category for all time points.
Additionally, there were no significant relationships between crash risk categories and driving variables. No significant relationships were found between selective attention and Speeding nor Mistakes ([Table 3](#pone.0118348.t003){ref-type="table"}).
Discussion {#sec016}
==========
Our observations of four simulated driving sessions over 24 hours have shown no significant differences in driving performance in the control group. This allows us to rule out a learning effect from the driving simulator in young drivers. However, the measures of selective attention (UFOV, subtest three) were significantly faster at 7 hours and 24 hours. These results demonstrate a learning effect for this task. Other UFOV tasks were at a maximum throughout testing (17 ms).
The effects of alcohol were measured across three major aspects over various time points. First, physiological assessment by HRV was sensitive enough to measure different levels of BAC, as variables were only significantly affected at moderate (0.05--0.07 g/dL) and low BACs (0.01--0.04 g/dL). Moreover, after 24 hours post-acute consumption, HRV values were similar to the sober condition, showing that any physiological measurable alcohol effects are no longer present. Second, two driving variables were influenced by alcohol. Participants drove faster and made more driving errors at moderate BAC, when compared to their sober drive. No difference was found for these variables at low BAC and 24 hours. Nonetheless, other variables presented significant results at low BAC and at 24 hours, indicating an increased driving performance when compared to sober. These variables are VSI Score, VSI Steering, VSI Mobility and VSI Sharing. Third, the results of UFOV placed this group in the same crash risk category through all time points (i.e. very low risk). However, the subtest three shows a tendency of improvement at low BAC and 24 hours.
Driving simulator: the effects of learning and alcohol expectancy {#sec017}
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Even though the control group did not show a learning effect with the driving simulator, the alcohol group seems to have had one, given that variables were improved after 24 hours. The study conducted by Sahami et al. \[[@pone.0118348.ref016]\] demonstrated that although overall learning effects present large inter-individual differences, practice does in fact generally impact on the steering wheel and pedals control performance. The present study corroborates these findings as in addition to improvements in overall driving scores, differences were observed for VSI Score, VSI Steering, VSI Mobility and VSI Sharing (measures linked to steering and pedal control). Therefore, these variables should be considered when conducting drinking and driving simulator research in order to observe behavioural adaptations to the environment. However, taking into consideration that no learning effects were expected to be observed, another hypothesis may explain these disparities.
Oei & Morawaska \[[@pone.0118348.ref017]\] and Testa et al. \[[@pone.0118348.ref018]\] have observed behaviour changes in individuals anticipating alcohol consumption. These changes can be linked to the environment, the influence of peers and the alcohol expectancy effect (AEE). According to Oei & Morawaska \[[@pone.0118348.ref017]\], the AEE is the dominating factor. In addition, there is a social influence on AEE where individuals can find themselves distracted from their task \[[@pone.0118348.ref018]\]. Furthermore, past drinking experiences may modulate behavioural responses to alcohol. Therefore, the AEE could have interfered with driving performances between sober and moderate BAC. This may be explained by the fact that participants changed their behaviour before alcohol consumption (i.e. sober at 0 hour). Being accompanied by a friend could play into the social factor explained by Testa et al. \[[@pone.0118348.ref018]\]. Additionally, this interference may have had a negative impact on learning effects to simulated driving.
UFOV learning effect {#sec018}
--------------------
Learning effects for subtest three in the control group were observed. However, a tendency towards similar improvement for the alcohol group was present. Alcohol seems to have played a slowing factor in the learning effect for a selective attention task.
A few research teams studied the learning effect indirectly. Bentley et al. \[[@pone.0118348.ref019]\] assessed the test-retest reliability and the repeatability of the UFOV with young people. Significant improvements were observed between two UFOV tests administered 2 to 3 weeks apart. With different participants, they administered five tests in the same day and only observed significant improvements between the two first trials. Another research group, observed a retention time of 3 months, for young participants after 9 days of training (1 per day) \[[@pone.0118348.ref020]\], In the present study, we were able to see similar learning effects as both groups of participants were UFOV neophytes.
Driving performance with decreasing BAC {#sec019}
---------------------------------------
Using data from traffic fatalities, French & Gumus \[[@pone.0118348.ref009]\] observed that young drivers with BACs below 0.08 g/dL are more prevalent in traffic collisions. To clarify these observations, the present study directly measured driving performance on a simulator a few hours after a social binge-drinking bout. Our results show an increased number of errors occurred at higher driving speeds while driving just under the legal BAC limit (moderate BAC), therefore increasing the risk of traffic collisions. These findings partially agree with those of Moskowitz & Florentino \[[@pone.0118348.ref021]\] and Schnabel \[[@pone.0118348.ref022]\], who found that both low and moderate BAC induced driving impairments. However, we were unable to demonstrate driving impairment at low BACs. Our results seem to corroborate Hegg-Deloye et al. \[[@pone.0118348.ref023]\] findings, which a low BAC is not enough to alter driving behaviours in a controlled driving environment. Methodologically, we observed that low BAC was achieved after a 7 hour wait from a binge-drinking bout, while their participants drank 1 to 2 beers in a 30 minute window to achieve the same level of intoxication.
McGwin et al. \[[@pone.0118348.ref024]\] have shown that crash involvement of younger drivers follows a trend for risk-taking behaviour and lack of driving skill. Mainly, a tendency for speeding and other risk taking behaviours may explain their implication in collisions. The results of the present study follow these same tendencies; under the influence of moderate BAC, younger drivers drove faster and showed an increased number of driving errors.
As discussed above, the AEE may have had an unexpected effect on driving performance in the alcohol consumption group. The AEE impacts a multitude of social, cognitive and motor behaviour. Burian et al. \[[@pone.0118348.ref025]\], have researched the effect of AEE on simulated driving performance. Risk-taking behaviour during a simulated driving task changed whether the participants were expecting alcohol or not. This finding may help in explaining the lack of expected differences between sober and moderate BAC in the present study.
Crash risk prediction {#sec020}
---------------------
The immediate effects of alcohol on higher-order cognitive functioning have been studied \[[@pone.0118348.ref026]\]. The UFOV, a test of visual processing, is one of the better known predictors of driving performance, usually used in older populations \[[@pone.0118348.ref012],[@pone.0118348.ref013],[@pone.0118348.ref027]\]. However, few studies have looked at its interaction with young adults, alcohol and driving. The present study shows that using five categories to predict the level of crash risk of a young individual is not sensitive enough. Furthermore, this classification system is unable to measure differences between different BAC at different time points in the same population. Moreover, when the results of the three subtests are analysed separately, we are able to observe that selective attention is the only measure presenting variablity. Yet, no differences were found at moderate BAC compare to sober. Dry et al. \[[@pone.0118348.ref026]\] observed no differences in selective attention for a moderate BAC, however high BAC decreased performance. In accordance with our results, a moderate BAC was not enough to decrease UFOV selective attention scores. This leads us to believe that the UFOV test, in younger populations, is mostly sensitive to large variations of BAC.
For other UFOV subtests, the lack of variability in processing speed and divided attention scores indicate that there may be a floor effect, demonstrating that these tasks are not adapted for young driver evaluation. Also, there was no relationships between UFOV measures, crash risk categories, and driving variables, further indicating that this tool is not able to predict driving risk of young drivers. This underscores the need to develop more sensitive and specific evaluation tools for this population.
Practical implications {#sec021}
----------------------
Our results demand attention to 2 key points in intervention plans targeting young drivers. First, during social events, it is not uncommon for young drivers to wait a few hours until they have reached a legal BAC before taking the wheel. However, our results clearly indicate that waiting a few hours (i.e. moderate, legal BAC) after acute consumption is not a safe strategy due to increased at-risk behaviour. Second, an increased amount of risk caused by the AEE in young drivers deserves further attention. While driving to and from a social gathering, young adults may go together, potentially mimicking driving under the influence behaviours and tend towards risky behaviours by peer pressure \[[@pone.0118348.ref028]\].
Future research {#sec022}
---------------
Many drinking and driving research protocols tend to focus on post-consumption effects. In regards to our results, AEE may play a larger than expected role in driving sober with friends, to a social event. This avenue of drinking and driving research warrants more attention. Adding a social and pre-consumption aspect to current research protocols, we would be able to gather a more complete overview of drinking and driving in young adults.
Limitations {#sec023}
-----------
For safety reasons, driving was performed on a driving simulator, therefore our results may not directly reflect real-world driving aptitudes. Moreover, during the adaptation period before assessment, simulator and UFOV exposure should be optimized in order to minimize any potential adaptation to the apparatus. In addition, possible drug usage by the participants was not controlled, nor drinker profile. Furthermore, driving history (i.e. driving frequency, years of driving experience, history of traffic violations and accidents) was not recorded. Because the study involved alcohol, the absence of a placebo condition in order to control for probable AEE could have impeded in the interpretation of data. Moreover, when conducting studies with young individuals (i.e. undergraduate students), a priming effect to alcohol could have played a part in potential confounding results. Since these individuals were shown the bottle of alcohol and knew the quantity that they would have to drink (i.e. priming effect), this may be a partial explanation for the potential AEE observed. Nonetheless, the present study was a pilot study regarding the effects of BAC on driving performance in undergraduate students. We focused on a condensed number of variables, therefore statistical power was low, limiting between group analysis.
Conclusion {#sec024}
==========
In order to better reflect the practices of undergraduate students after acute alcohol consumption, our methodology explored descending limb of blood alcohol concentrations. Our findings add understanding of the behaviours linked to the overrepresentation of young drivers under the influence of alcohol in fatality statistics, as moderate blood alcohol concentrations increased driving speeds and the number of errors commited by the drivers. Also, the useful field of view test was not sensitive enough to measure performance differences due to alcohol consumption. This tool is not a good predictor of crash risk in young adults and in young adults under the influence of alcohol. Moreover, when driving to go to a social event young drivers may unknowingly be at risk. The alcohol expectency effect may aid in the explanation of the disparity of differences between sober and moderate blood alcohol concentrations demonstrated by our participants. This avenue of drinking and driving research warrants further understanding.
Supporting Information {#sec025}
======================
###### Demographic, driving, crash risk and physiological responses data for each participant, group and time points.
Format is in 22 columns and 65 lines (semi-colons for separator and points for decimal): Column 1: (ID) Identification number of participant; Column 2: (Group) Control or Experimental group; Column 3: (TimePoints) 0 hours, 4 hours, 7 hours and 24 hours; Column 4: (Gender) Female (F) or Male (M); Column 5: (Age) Age in years; Column 6: (Speeding) Percentage of time spent over the speed limit; Column 7: (Mistakes) Number of driving mistakes; Column 8: (VSI_SCORE) General performance score on 100 points from the driving simulator report; Column 9: (VSI_Control) Steering control performance score on 100 points from the driving simulator report; Column 10: (VSI_Safety) Safety performance score on 100 points from the driving simulator report; Column 11: (VSI_Legality) Legality performance score on 100 points from the driving simulator report; Column 12: (VSI_Mobility) Vehicle mobilty performance score on 100 points from the driving simulator report; Column 13: (VSI_Sharing) Road sharing performance score on 100 points from the driving simulator report; Column 14: (VSI_Ecodriving) Ecodriving performance score on 100 points from the driving simulator report; Column 15: (UFOV_Categories) Crash risk categories (i.e. very low, low, moderate, high and very high); Column 16: (UFOV1) Processing speed in milliseconds (subtest 1); Column 17: (UFOV2) Divided attention in milliseconds (subtest 2); Column 18: (UFOV3) Selective attention in milliseconds (subtest 3); Column 19: (MHR) Mean heart rate in beat per minutes; Column 20: (MeanNN) Mean time intervals between normal-to-normal beats in milliseconds; Column 21: (SDNN) Standard deviation time intervals between normal-to-normal beats in milliseconds; Column 22: (pNN50) Proportion of NN50 divided by total number of normal-to-normal beats intervals (NN50 is the number of pairs of successive intervals between normal-to-normal beats that differ by more than 50 milliseconds).
(CSV)
######
Click here for additional data file.
[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: DS DB MJJ. Performed the experiments: MT FG MC. Analyzed the data: MT FG ML MC WJA MJJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MT FG ML MC DB WJA MJJ. Wrote the paper: MT FG ML MC DS DB WJA MJJ.
[^3]: ‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.
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The busy schedule of Dolph Lundgren continues. His latest venture? The sequel to Kindergarten Cop (1990), which he is filming right now in Vancouver, Canada. Well, if you can’t believe it, just check out the pictures.
The new film will be directed by Michael Don Paul, director of Jarhead 2: Field of Fire, from a script by David H. Steinberg, who wrote ‘American Pie.’ The new Kindergarten cop is a leading man type with an Indian sidekick named Sanjit. They’re on the trail of a missing flash drive from the Federal Witness protection program. Somehow it’s wound up in a kindergarten class. Flimsy premise, but it puts him side by side with a beautiful teacher and they hit it off. There’s also bad guys involved– this time they’re Albanian.
Well, there is little else to say about this. I’d forgotten that this movie was even a thing, even as a DTV.
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b in twins.
The syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN or MEA) type 2b is characterized by the association of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, phaeochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis and Marfan-like features. Though this disorder usually shows a familial distribution, it may also appear spontaneously as the result of a genetic mutation. This paper describes the second case of MEA type 2 in twins, and appears to be the first description in twins of the association of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Marfan-like features and multiple neuromas.
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Former speechwriter for Robert F. Kennedy and lifelong Democrat Adam Walinsky announced he will vote for Republican candidate Donald Trump this November, according to Politico.
Walinsky, who served in the Department of Justice during John F. Kennedy's administration, accuses modern Democrats of having "become the Party of War."
"A home for arms merchants, mercenaries, academic war planners, lobbyists for every foreign intervention, promoters of color revolutions, failed generals, exploiters of the natural resources of corrupt governments," he continued.
Walinsky is gravely concerned with Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton's support for military intervention.
"She proclaims herself ready to invade Syria immediately after taking the oath of office," Walinsky said. "Her shadow war cabinet brims with the architects of war and disaster for the last decades – the neocons who led us to our present pass, in Iraq, in Afghanistan, Syria, Libya, Yemen, in Ukraine, unrepentant of all past error, ready to resume it all with fresh trillions and fresh blood."
Walinsky isn't the only Democrat to support Trump. Lifelong Democrat Christian Rickers, who, according to Business Insider, "has a well-established career in Virginia Democratic politics," founded Trumpocrats PAC, which he describes to Business Insider as "a place to organize" for pro-Trump Democrats.
Although Walinsky acknowledged Trump's flaws, he said the billionaire is the sole "potential American president [who] has had the intelligence, the vision, the sheer sanity to see that America cannot fight the entire world at once."
Trump, Walinsky said, is the only candidate that "has pointed out how senseless it is to seek confrontation with Russia and China, at the same time that we are trying to suppress the very jihadist movements that they also are attacking."
It is Trump's "independence, his willingness to name facts however unpleasant, together with his great political courage, that can give us hope and even some confidence that he may be up to the job.
"Perhaps most important, he has proven that he is not intimidated by the generals and admirals who have, up to this day, had their unimpeded way with our wars and our budgets, to the immense loss of both," Walinsky added.
“Flawed as he may be, Trump is telling more of the truth than is any politician of our day. Most important, he offers a path away from constant war, a path of businesslike accommodation with all reasonable people and nations, concentrating our forces and efforts against the true enemies of civilization.
"Truly, America first, last and always; for ourselves and for our posterity. These are the reasons why I will vote for Donald Trump for president," Walinsky concluded.
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Q:
foreach object looping adding on top of the stack
I have an js, object which is something like this:
function test{
this.variable = {};
this.populate = function(){
// do some crap....
// and i populate the object like this
this.variable{xyz..} = new object();
}
this.outputThecrap(){
for (var key in data) {
if (data.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
if(data[key].idParent != '0'){
//do some stuff
}
}
}
}
this.addSomeOnBeginigQQ(){
// how do i do that!!!!Q_Q
this.variable{blabla...} = new blabla();
}
}
now after I populate the object like
var t = new test();
t.populate();
t.addSomeOnBegining();
t.outputThecrap();
I get the problem that the added properties wind up on the end of the loop ... and I need them to be on the top
Anyone has some idea how to solve this?
UPDATE:
The structure of the object is not open to change. i cant use the array as a container either, that s out of question.
A:
If you want a stack, you will need to use an Array - a list with a defined order. Object properties have none in JavaScript, there is nothing like "associative arrays". Also, you should the prototype.
You can set properties of array just as you do with objects, but the property names need to be numerically (i.e. integers). You then loop over them with a for-loop. Array objects also have some extra methods, for example to add items in the beginning or the end (which I have used below):
function Test() {
this.data = []; // an array
}
Test.prototype.populate = function(){
// populate the array like this
this.data.push({…});
};
Test.prototype.outputThecrap = function(){
for (var i=0; i<this.data.length; i++) {
var item = this.data[i];
if (item /* has the right properties*/)
//do some stuff
}
};
Test.prototype.addSomeOnBeginning(){
this.data.unshift({…});
};
Then use it like this:
var t = new Test();
t.populate();
t.addSomeOnBeginning();
t.outputThecrap();
The "ordered key array" looks like this:
function Test() {
this.data = {}; // the object
this.order = []; // an array
}
Test.prototype.populate = function(){
this.data["something"] = {…}
this.order.push("something");
};
Test.prototype.addSomeOnBeginning(){
this.data["other"] = {…};
this.order.unshift("other");
};
Test.prototype.outputThecrap = function(){
for (var i=0; i<this.order.length; i++) {
var key = this.order[i],
item = this.data[key];
if (item && key /* fulfill your requirements */)
// do some stuff
}
};
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The $9.7 billion measure approved Friday allows the National Flood Insurance Program to continue to pay claims. It was due to run out of money next week. But some of those still lugging waterlogged debris from homes or shoveling sand from lawns and walkways after the late October storm weren't impressed.
Congress Inaction on Sandy Aid Enrages S.I.
Congress didn't vote on a new emergency aid package Wednesday, and victims of Hurricane Sandy on Staten Island are angry about it as they continue to struggle rebuilding their lives and paying their bills. Tracie Strahan reports (Published Wednesday, Jan 2, 2013)
"I think it's horrible it took this long," said Susan VanVeen, of Randolph, N.J., who was part of a volunteer group that drove to Lavallette to help clean up strangers' homes. "This area is completely devastated. It's still probably going to be weeks before people get this money. This should have happened a long time ago."
John Condit, of Seaside Heights, N.J., which lost the boardwalk upon which much of the "Jersey Shore" reality series was filmed, also said the delay in approving aid after the storm was disgraceful.
Breezy Point: "Congress Isn't Paying Attention"
Breezy Point residents, some of the hardest hit by Sandy, expressed shock and dismay at the decision of Congressional leaders to delay a vote on Sandy relief. Andrew Siff reports. (Published Wednesday, Jan 2, 2013)
"It's just criminal," he said. "We do all this work for other countries, but when it comes to us, it takes like 60 days. You pay taxes, and your government is supposed to be there for you. That's part of the deal."
Mike Furrey, part of the volunteer group in Lavallette, said he was angry about the delay in approving aid.
Moonachie Sandy Victims: "Shame on Congress"
The delay in Congress means delays for the families who need Sandy aid most, including in Moonachie, N.J. where residents are drowning in despair and debt two months after the disaster. Pat Battle reports. (Published Thursday, Jan 3, 2013)
"They turned their backs on New Jersey and New York, but when Katrina happened, or things in other parts of the country, they act right away. I'm not going to vote for anyone who is in Congress right now, no matter what party, no matter if it's the House or the Senate."
Friday's vote was the first of two anticipated votes, with a much larger appropriation of $51 billion coming up for consideration Jan. 15.
New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, a Republican who blasted the leaders of his own party in the House when they failed to vote on an aid bill earlier this week, and New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, issued a joint plea for Congress to pass both parts of the aid package.
"While we are pleased with this progress, today was just a down payment and it is now time to go even further and pass the final and more complete, clean disaster aid bill," the governors said in their statement. "We are trusting Congress to act accordingly on January 15th and pass the final $51 billion instrumental for long-term rebuilding in order for New Jersey, New York and our people to recover after the severe devastation of Hurricane Sandy."
Barbara Kirchoff, of Keansburg, N.J., said that her parents' home was devastated by the storm, and that politicians in Washington don't seem to care.
"My parents have nothing," she said. "They need this money. A good portion of my town is a ghost town. They need help, now."
Nigel Jawad, who works at the Amazing Deli in the Ocean Breeze section of New York City's Staten Island, said most customers complain about a lack of financial assistance.
"Everybody keeps saying, 'Where is the money?' That's all I hear from people," he said. "People have no confidence in the government anymore."
The storm scoured parts of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut and caused more than $60 billion in damage.
House Speaker John Boehner had delayed a vote on the aid package earlier this week but under pressure, scheduled a vote on the flood insurance portion to Friday. Without the money, the flood program could have run out of money next week.
New York and New Jersey's congressional delegation had said the states most affected by Sandy were being ignored.
Christie showed he was willing to aim barbs at the highest reaches of his party, saying the overall $60 billion bill could "could not overcome the toxic internal politics of the House majority."
Some in the delegation reiterated their displeasure. Rep. Frank Pallone, Jr., a New Jersey Democrat, said Friday's action is "too little, too late," and only delays rebuilding.
Pallone noted that the flood insurance package doesn't cover most of the money needed to rebuild. He said the votes should not be "piecemeal" and Congress should have acted on all parts Friday.
"You're taking a small piece of this, and you're doing it late," Pallone told The Associated Press. "Why is it we have to continue to delay to deal with the major package?"
Rep. Chris Smith, a New Jersey Republican whose district was affected by the storm, said Friday's measure is "critically important" to help the state recover and rebuild.
"The devastation unleashed by Sandy is without precedent and the impacted communities are in dire need of comprehensive assistance," Smith said in a statement. "Nowhere is this more evident than in the sheer magnitude of the housing damage and the subsequent housing need."
Rep. Frank LoBiondo agreed the money is crucial.
"Today's vote is a key step in getting critical federal assistance to the residents, businesses and communities devastated by Hurricane Sandy," LoBiondo, a Republican, said in a statement. "This week's events make it clear that the need for help is real and that any additional delays in providing federal aid will be met with fierce resistance from myself, members of the delegation, and Governor Christie."
___
Zezima reported from Newark, N.J. Associated Press writer Eileen AJ Connelly in New York contributed to this report.
|
The Hill's Steve Clemons interviews Miami Mayor Francis X. Suarez, who was one of the first people to test positive for the COVID-19 virus in Miami-Dade County, Fla. He donated his blood plasma, after recovery, to help with treatment for critically ill patients fighting the disease. Suarez was the first mayor in the nation to issue a stay-at-home order, suspending large gatherings and events, and asking both President Trump Donald John TrumpObama calls on Senate not to fill Ginsburg's vacancy until after election Planned Parenthood: 'The fate of our rights' depends on Ginsburg replacement Progressive group to spend M in ad campaign on Supreme Court vacancy MORE and major airlines to suspend travel from Miami Airport to other global coronavirus hot spots.
Some excerpts from the interview are below:
On how both he and Miami are doing
SUAREZ: I’m doing very well. ... Miami is doing well as well. We seem to have hit the peak so far with the data that we have on March 31. Miami-Dade County is lagging a little bit behind us. Their peak seemed to be April 3 and Florida ’s peak is probably April 3. Now that is the peak of new cases, new infection cases. In other words, ever since April 3 or March 31, it appears that the number of new cases are going down. And that's obviously very good news. The number of deaths, we know, lags a few weeks behind that number because, unfortunately, the cycle of the COVID-19 disease is somewhere between 14 and 21 days. In my particular case, it took me 17 days before I could test negative for the first time. And then the 18th day I tested negative for the second time. So we're seeing deaths still rise. While new cases are coming down, hospitalizations are also favorable in terms of discharges and new patients.
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Clemons: You wrote in The New York Times, mayor, that nobody really wants to catch something like this, but in a way you were in a way glad you had because it gave you a sensitivity to the dynamics of this virus and what it was going to do. ... What insights did it give you?
SUAREZ: I was actually the second person in all of Miami Dade County, which is an area with a population of 3 million people. ... Had I not immediately quarantined ... I could have infected hundreds, if not thousands of people and even crippled our government's ability to function. So I was very fortunate that fire chief, our medical director, took conservative steps to get me to quarantine, to get me to test, and then of course, I had to run the city virtually for 18 days from home.
What did you do early on to prepare your hospitals, your health care workers and your health ecosystem after you had been infected and saw this disease coming?
SUAREZ: Our fire chief identified the threat in February, right around the time that we had the Super Bowl. ... He started purchasing personal protective equipment weeks before anyone else thought of it. We were also consulting with experts in Florida International University that helped us determine that we should cancel two large events. One of them was Ultra, which is an event that hosts 150,000 people from 105 different countries. ... I was actually criticized when I did that. I was criticized by a county mayor who said that I acted prematurely, that Miami was open for business. Unfortunately, he didn't close our beaches, which led thousands if not tens of thousands of, you know, spring breakers to come to Miami, to party in Miami. And unfortunately, and tragically, we have two that passed away after a music festival here in our city. So, you know, we saw the cost of inaction and we saw the benefits of acting. And fortunately, I saw that a lot of cities that acted benefited and those that did not suffered.
On whether Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis Ron DeSantisKey swing-state election lawsuits could help shape the presidential race First death reported from Hurricane Sally in Alabama Trump tells Gulf Coast residents to prepare for 'extremely dangerous' Hurricane Sally MORE should have shut down earlier
SUAREZ: To his credit, he let the municipalities lead the way. We are the areas with the largest aggregation of population. So he didn't stand in our way from implementing measures early, and so we're thankful for that. He also had to weigh the fact that he had 20 to 25 counties that had no cases. Shutting down Florida is very different from shutting down Miami or Tampa, Orlando or Jacksonville. He ultimately ended up shutting down South Florida. And then I think he realized that, you know, he was just getting behind all the other governors in the United States that were shutting down their states and and just in an abundance of caution, the right thing to do was to shut down Florida. You know, I'm sure if he had a do over, maybe he would have done it earlier. But you know, I'm glad that as mayor, I decided Miami early on to be the first city to put a stay at home order in Dade County, the first city to put a curfew. The first city, as you said to cancel large events. And to also require distancing in grocery stores, at banks and at construction sites, to wear masks and even customers at those of those establishments to wear masks.
What advice do you have for other mayors who are on the front end of this?
SUAREZ: The first thing I would advise him is immediately implement a stay-at-home order. Immediately send out advisories on social distancing. I would recommend a curfew as well, because that's even stricter than your stay-at-home order during the daytime that almost limits to just emergency, people have to leave for emergency reasons. That would be my first piece of advice. The second piece of advice would be, you know, obviously, to make sure that you have sufficient beds. If you don't have sufficient bedding in your hospital, reach out to the federal government, reach out to your state government, make sure that they're giving you supplementary beds. But it's clear to me based on the data that we're looking at, that if you do implement these social distancing rules, if you do implement stay at home orders, people do respect those orders. Then in about a week to two weeks you're going to see a leveling off of the brand new cases. Obviously, the deaths, like we said before, lag behind a week or two weeks because of the cycle of infection. But at least in terms of the new cases, there will be light at the end of the tunnel, and it'll give you reason to believe that better days are ahead.
What should the federal government have done to be more on your side?
SUAREZ: I think one thing that we need right now is funding. Obviously, you know the bailout, or what you want to call it, the stimulus, was important. It would have been great if it happened a little earlier in anticipation of April 1, which was the first day when everything was shut down when people have to pay the rent and their mortgages. So it would've been great if it would have happened a few weeks earlier. Obviously, you know, getting more testing, that's something that you know, this is an unprecedented time, and I don't want to lay blame on anyone. But I think people would have felt more confident have we been able to test sooner. And I think being a little more supportive of our message to stay home would have been helpful.
On things that regular people could be doing to help
SUAREZ: Well, number one, I have had a few people that have donated blood plasma [as I did], but it's just very difficult because there is a lack of back end stuff for this, so that's one of the things we're gonna have to look at. Obviously, we're focusing a lot on testing people that are symptomatic. ... We have 7,000 people in Dade County that are positive. Those people should have a right to be retested and they should be able to donate plasma. I think that's one way to do it. ... But when we have a situation like this, two things worry me. One is suicides, from people who are alone, and the second is domestic violence. You know, our domestic violence complaints are way down, and that actually worries me because I don't think that people are being nicer. I think what's happening is that people feel afraid in this particular predicament where they're stuck at home from calling the police, from calling 911. And so those are the two things that as citizens, I would urge you to try to get involved either in helping someone — being a presence in someone's life — or making sure that if there's any sort of domestic violence happening in your community, to please urge those people to come forward.
|
Q:
json is null in makeHttpRequest call in Android
I have a java web project named ConnectionToOracle . I have a servlet named Sign_Up_Servlet there .
So I have the following code :
private static String url_sign_up_execute
= "http://10.11.201.84:8084//ConnectionToOracle/Sign_Up_Servlet";
private class GetSignUpStatus extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {
ProgressDialog pDialog = new ProgressDialog(Sign_Up.this);
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onPreExecute();
pDialog.setMessage("Please wait...");
pDialog.show();
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onPostExecute(result);
pDialog.dismiss();
if (json == null) {
pDialog.dismiss();
Toast.makeText(
getApplicationContext(),
"Unable to Perform Your Request.Server Is Temporarily Unreachable! Please Try Later.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
else{
if(pErrorFlag.equals("N"))
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Sign Up successfully done ", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else if( pErrorFlag.equals("Y") )
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), pErrorMessage, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pDeviceId",deviceId_str));
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pMobileNo",mobile_no_str));
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pUserId",user_id_str));
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pPassword",password_str));
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pPinCode",pin_code_str));
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pDeviceId","1"));
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pMobileNo","1"));
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pUserId","1"));
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pPassword","1"));
// params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pPinCode","1"));
//
json = jsonParser.makeHttpRequest(url_sign_up_execute, "POST", params);
// Log.d("All Login Responese: ", json.toString());
try {
if (json != null) {
jsonArray = json.getJSONArray(TAG_SIGN_UP);
for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
JSONObject c = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
pErrorFlag = c.getString(TAG_ERROR_FLAG);
pErrorMessage = c.getString(TAG_ERROR_MESSAGE) ;
}
// Log.d("error Code", errorCode);
} else {
Log.d("Server Unreachable",
"Unable to Perform Your request.Server Is Unreachable! Please Try Later.");
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
I am making a http request to "http://10.11.201.84:8084//ConnectionToOracle/Sign_Up_Servlet" url . But I am getting json value null . Why ? How can I resolve this error ?
A:
Try using "http://10.11.201.84:8084/ConnectionToOracle/Sign_Up_Servlet" instead of "http://10.11.201.84:8084//ConnectionToOracle/Sign_Up_Servlet". Probably the problem is an extra "/" after the port number.....
|
Norwich School Blog
U6 pupil and film-maker, George Moore, tells about his campaign to raise funds for his latest film project
2nd March 2015
I'm George Moore, a filmmaker in my last year at Norwich School.
I have been involved on professional and amateur productions as a director, a producer, a cinematographer, a sound recordist and much much more, and have worked with and been mentored by filmmakers from great cinematic institutions such as the BBC, Channel 4 and the BFI.
At 16, I made my own no-budget, 45 minute feature adaptation of the novel The Ragged TrouseredPhilanthropists, made with six voluntary professional actors and a friend to hold the boom. I was lucky enough to attract the attention of celebrities, the press and politicians to publicise the film through social media. You can check it out here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQLqyw3YQ4M
My most recent solo short was a pirate film written as an exercise in visual storytelling:
I am now embarking on a new project: 'At Midnight', but in order to make it happen I need to raise a small budget for the film - I am doing this through crowd-funding on Kickstarter.com.
At Midnight (or, Auguries of Innocence) is a new film, loosely inspired by the works of Selma Lagerlof and William Blake. It deals with themes such as homelessness, alcoholism and violence, but sees them through a magical-realist eye, using fantasy elements to personify the themes, bringing them to life on the screen.
Kickstarter is a funding platform for creative projects. Every project creator sets their project's funding goal and deadline. If people like the project, they can pledge money to make it happen. If the project succeeds in reaching its funding goal, all backers' credit cards are charged when time expires. If the project falls short, no one is charged. Funding on Kickstarter is all-or-nothing.
Loosely based on the 1912 Swedish novel 'Korkarlen' by Selma Lagerlof, and it's 1921 silent film counterpart (both in the public domain), 'At Midnight' follows the story of the chronophobic and homeless David Holm, on one chilling New Year's Eve. He recalls a myth that says the last person to die at the stroke of Midnight on New Year's Eve has to take on the burden of the grim reaper for the whole next year, each day feeling like 100 years. As this myth becomes David's reality, he has to face up to his mean-spirited past, and attempt to reconcile his mistakes before it's too late.
We need the support of as many people as possible in order to make this happen, we can't do it without you, and we wouldn't want to. You can also help by sharing the page on social media / e-mail / word-of-mouth / semaphore to friends and family!
|
A D&D Blog by a Fledgling DM
Even D&D Is Getting Me Down
So I’m in a weird place right now. And I don’t mean because I just moved into our first house. I mean that, despite the house, despite the acting, despite all the stuff that should be making me happy, I’m feeling really down.
It might be because I’m having a hard time finding a new job after the previous one let me go. Or that, now that I have this time off from working a day job, I feel like it’s a chance to pursue my dream…but I feel like I can’t because of all the heavy responsibility on us now with a house and family. My frustration with my writing, lately, could definitely also be a contributor.
So, you’d think it’d be nice to turn to D&D to help cheer me up, to escape into other worlds, and build upon my ideas and my homebrew settings. Or maybe finally catch up on Critical Role, because I’m so behind.
But, no. Even Dungeons & Dragons is depressing for me right now.
As I mentioned, I’m frustrated with my writing, so the last thing I want to do is sit down and write some more. So there’s no new homebrew content springing to mind. I also don’t feel like reading through the campaign books and supplements because that’ll remind me that I haven’t played the game in such a long time – more depressing things.
Then there’s watching Critical Role. I’m so behind that I feel like it’s pointless to try and catch up. I can’t just sit here and waste my days watching 3-hour episode after 3-hour episode. I’ll get nothing done. And getting nothing done will make me even more depressed.
I look at the Stream of Annihilation stuff that Wizards is putting out – announcing the Tomb of Annihilation campaign book, and the Xanathar’s Guide to Everything supplement book — which all look AMAZING – and it only reminds me that, without a job, I cannot afford to spend money on stuff like that. Joy.
It’s like my mind knows the things that make me happy, and is actively working to poison them for me, and make me not want anything to do with them. But where does that get me? Certainly not happy. Does my brain want me to be unhappy? If so, why? That’s not going to help either of us.
Anyway, that’s part of why there still hasn’t been any new content on here lately. I’m attempting to get through this funk of mine, and hope to be enjoying D&D again here soon. That way, I can be invested in delivering new stuff for you.
|
FILED
JUNE 13, 2019
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 33990-4-III
)
Respondent, )
)
v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
)
JEROME CURRY JR., )
)
Appellant. )
PENNELL, J. — Following a jury trial, Jerome Curry Jr. was convicted of two
counts of possession of a controlled substance. His case returns to this court on remand
from the Washington Supreme Court following the State’s successful appeal of this
court’s prior decision. State v. Curry, 191 Wn.2d 475, 423 P.3d 179 (2018). Addressing
the remaining claims on appeal, we now affirm Mr. Curry’s judgment of conviction.
FACTS
Mr. Curry was stopped by police based upon an officer’s belief that Mr. Curry
matched the description of a robbery suspect: a black male wearing blue jeans and a dark
jacket. During the stop, it was determined that Mr. Curry was not the suspect. But
because Mr. Curry had outstanding warrants, he was arrested and searched. The search
turned up heroin and methamphetamine.
No. 33990-4-III
State v. Curry
The State charged Mr. Curry with two counts of possessing controlled substances.
Mr. Curry was granted leave to represent himself pro se. Like many pro se defendants,
Mr. Curry’s choice to represent himself was accompanied by some procedural stumbles. 1
Prior to trial, Mr. Curry unsuccessfully sought an evidentiary hearing in support of his
motion to suppress the State’s drug evidence. At trial, Mr. Curry unsuccessfully
attempted to introduce a copy of the computer aided dispatch (CAD) over the State’s
hearsay and foundation objections. Mr. Curry was convicted as charged.
ANALYSIS
CrR 3.6 evidentiary hearing
Mr. Curry argues the trial court erred in denying his motion for an evidentiary
hearing under CrR 3.6. Mr. Curry moved to suppress the State’s drug evidence, arguing it
was discovered when police illegally searched his person. He claimed the police did not
ask for his name (and thus discover the outstanding warrants) until after he was searched.
In its response to the motion to suppress, the State appended a copy of the police report,
which detailed contrary facts. After reading the materials and hearing oral argument, the
court denied Mr. Curry’s motion to suppress, finding as follows:
1
Such stumbles are not, in and of themselves, grounds for relief from conviction.
Pro se defendants are held to the same substantive and procedural rules as lawyers. See
State v. Bebb, 108 Wn.2d 515, 524, 740 P.2d 829 (1987).
2
No. 33990-4-III
State v. Curry
Defendant was stopped near the scene of a reported robbery as a possible
suspect. He was detained and identified. An arrest warrant was discovered
to exist, and controlled substances were discovered on his person pursuant
to arrest. He now asserts that his detention was improper based on racial
profiling and lack of articulable suspicion to detain.
....
While the defendant files a memorandum in which he generally complains
about the circumstances of his arrest, he did not comply with [CrR 3.6].
Although this court may grant some leeway to [a] pro se defendant in these
circumstances, it cannot waive the rule altogether. Even if the court were to
consider his oral arguments in the form of an affidavit, he still does not
make out a case for suppression. The facts on file appear to support a
generalized suspect description, which is not unusual. Defendant’s
detention appears to be brief and only ripened into an arrest when a warrant
was discovered upon routine identification. The fact that he was eventually
eliminated as a robbery suspect does not abrogate those facts. Accordingly
his assertion does not meet the criteria for an evidentiary hearing and his
motion fails.
Clerk’s Papers at 89.
Mr. Curry’s assignment of error is unconvincing. While the trial court may have
had discretion to overlook the requirements of CrR 3.6, it was not required to do so.
See State v. Radka, 120 Wn. App. 43, 47-48, 83 P.3d 1038 (2004). The trial court did not
err in denying Mr. Curry’s request for an evidentiary hearing based on his failure to
adhere to CrR 3.6’s requirements.
CAD report
Mr. Curry contends the court erred in refusing to admit the CAD report at trial. He
claims the report was admissible under the Uniform Business Records as Evidence Act,
3
No. 33990-4-III
State v. Curry
chapter 5.45 RCW, and ER 803(a)(7).
The problem with Mr. Curry's evidentiary argument is that he never established a
foundation for admission of the CAD report. While the CAD report may have been a
business record, the rules of evidence still required Mr. Curry to lay a foundation for the
document, establishing it as such. RCW 5 .45 .020 (requiring foundation from the records
custodian or other qualified witness). He did not do so. Instead, Mr. Curry attempted to
introduce the CAD report during his own testimony. The trial court acted within its
discretion in sustaining the State's objection to admission of the record.
CONCLUSION
Mr. Curry's convictions are affirmed. The State shall not be awarded appellate
costs based on Mr. Curry's uncontested request to deny costs.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in
the Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Pennell, J. -~
WE CONCUR:
Lawrence-Berrey, C.J. Fearing~~
4
|
Q:
Magento2 - How to customization of the invoice pdf?
I want to customize invoice pdf add parent category name before product name and after child category name.
How to customization of the invoice pdf?
A:
You can customise invoice PDF using following way in your custom module, here I have added Parent Category Name before Product Name:
/app/code/Vendor/Module/etc/di.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- /**
* Copyright © Magento, Inc. All rights reserved.
* See COPYING.txt for license details.
*/ -->
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">
<preference for="Magento\Sales\Model\Order\Pdf\Items\Invoice\DefaultInvoice" type="Vendor\Module\Model\Magento\Sales\Order\Pdf\Items\Invoice\DefaultInvoice" />
<preference for="Magento\Sales\Model\Order\Pdf\Invoice" type="Vendor\Module\Model\Magento\Sales\Order\Pdf\Invoice" />
</config>
/app/code/Vendor/Module/Model/Magento/Sales/Order/Pdf/Items/Invoice/DefaultInvoice.php
<?php
/**
* Copyright © Magento, Inc. All rights reserved.
* See COPYING.txt for license details.
*/
namespace Vendor\Module\Model\Magento\Sales\Order\Pdf\Items\Invoice;
class DefaultInvoice extends \Magento\Sales\Model\Order\Pdf\Items\Invoice\DefaultInvoice
{
public function draw()
{
$order = $this->getOrder();
$item = $this->getItem();
$pdf = $this->getPdf();
$page = $this->getPage();
$lines = [];
// draw Product category
$productCat = $this->getParentCatName($item, $page);
$productCat .= ' => ' . $item->getName();
// draw Product name
$lines[0] = [['text' => $this->string->split($productCat, 35, true, true), 'feed' => 35]];
// draw SKU
$lines[0][] = [
'text' => $this->string->split($this->getSku($item), 17),
'feed' => 290,
'align' => 'right',
];
// draw QTY
$lines[0][] = ['text' => $item->getQty() * 1, 'feed' => 435, 'align' => 'right'];
// draw item Prices
$i = 0;
$prices = $this->getItemPricesForDisplay();
$feedPrice = 395;
$feedSubtotal = $feedPrice + 170;
foreach ($prices as $priceData) {
if (isset($priceData['label'])) {
// draw Price label
$lines[$i][] = ['text' => $priceData['label'], 'feed' => $feedPrice, 'align' => 'right'];
// draw Subtotal label
$lines[$i][] = ['text' => $priceData['label'], 'feed' => $feedSubtotal, 'align' => 'right'];
$i++;
}
// draw Price
$lines[$i][] = [
'text' => $priceData['price'],
'feed' => $feedPrice,
'font' => 'bold',
'align' => 'right',
];
// draw Subtotal
$lines[$i][] = [
'text' => $priceData['subtotal'],
'feed' => $feedSubtotal,
'font' => 'bold',
'align' => 'right',
];
$i++;
}
// draw Tax
$lines[0][] = [
'text' => $order->formatPriceTxt($item->getTaxAmount()),
'feed' => 495,
'font' => 'bold',
'align' => 'right',
];
// custom options
$options = $this->getItemOptions();
if ($options) {
foreach ($options as $option) {
// draw options label
$lines[][] = [
'text' => $this->string->split($this->filterManager->stripTags($option['label']), 40, true, true),
'font' => 'italic',
'feed' => 35,
];
// Checking whether option value is not null
if ($option['value'] !== null) {
if (isset($option['print_value'])) {
$printValue = $option['print_value'];
} else {
$printValue = $this->filterManager->stripTags($option['value']);
}
$values = explode(', ', $printValue);
foreach ($values as $value) {
$lines[][] = ['text' => $this->string->split($value, 30, true, true), 'feed' => 40];
}
}
}
}
$lineBlock = ['lines' => $lines, 'height' => 20];
$page = $pdf->drawLineBlocks($page, [$lineBlock], ['table_header' => true]);
$this->setPage($page);
}
/**
* Get Parent Category Name
*/
private function getParentCatName($item, &$page)
{
$objectManager = \Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager::getInstance();
$productId = $item->getOrderItem()->getProductId(); //Get Product Id
$categoryIds = $objectManager->get('Magento\Catalog\Model\ProductCategoryList')->getCategoryIds($productId);
$categoryCollection = $objectManager->get('\Magento\Catalog\Model\ResourceModel\Category\CollectionFactory');
$firstCategoryId = $categoryIds[0];
$categoryName = $categoryCollection->create()->addAttributeToSelect('name')->addAttributeToFilter('entity_id', $firstCategoryId)->getFirstItem()->getName();
return $categoryName;
}
}
/app/code/Vendor/Module/Model/Magento/Sales/Order/Pdf/Invoice.php
<?php
/**
* Copyright © Magento, Inc. All rights reserved.
* See COPYING.txt for license details.
*/
namespace Vendor\Module\Model\Magento\Sales\Order\Pdf;
class Invoice extends \Magento\Sales\Model\Order\Pdf\Invoice
{
/**
* Draw header for item table
*
* @param \Zend_Pdf_Page $page
* @return void
*/
protected function _drawHeader(\Zend_Pdf_Page $page)
{
/* Add table head */
$this->_setFontRegular($page, 10);
$page->setFillColor(new \Zend_Pdf_Color_Rgb(0.93, 0.92, 0.92));
$page->setLineColor(new \Zend_Pdf_Color_GrayScale(0.5));
$page->setLineWidth(0.5);
$page->drawRectangle(25, $this->y, 570, $this->y - 15);
$this->y -= 10;
$page->setFillColor(new \Zend_Pdf_Color_Rgb(0, 0, 0));
//columns headers
$lines[0][] = ['text' => __('Categories => Products'), 'feed' => 35];
$lines[0][] = ['text' => __('SKU'), 'feed' => 290, 'align' => 'right'];
$lines[0][] = ['text' => __('Qty'), 'feed' => 435, 'align' => 'right'];
$lines[0][] = ['text' => __('Price'), 'feed' => 360, 'align' => 'right'];
$lines[0][] = ['text' => __('Tax'), 'feed' => 495, 'align' => 'right'];
$lines[0][] = ['text' => __('Subtotal'), 'feed' => 565, 'align' => 'right'];
$lineBlock = ['lines' => $lines, 'height' => 5];
$this->drawLineBlocks($page, [$lineBlock], ['table_header' => true]);
$page->setFillColor(new \Zend_Pdf_Color_GrayScale(0));
$this->y -= 20;
}
}
Output
You can also add separate column for Categories, but for that you need to manage 'feed' value also, and also you can add child Categories using same way.
I hope it will helpful for you.
|
Category Junk Food
Ok. So I know that I owe you a blog about circuses. The question is, is it now worth it?
I lost two different drafts due to computer errors. These were full-out brilliant posts that I am not sure will ever be topped and I just am not feeling like trying to recreate them right now.
BUT… There is a new circus coming to town.
So…. I guess I’ll have something to write about after this weekend, won’t I?
To get in the mood, I decided to bring you a review of something that I know we used to be able to purchase at circuses – flat taffy.
Now I don’t know about you, but I am a big fan of taffy. I like everything from traditional salt-water taffy to laffy-taffy and any taffy in between. But there is something about flat taffy that just makes me salivate.
Flat taffy has been hit or miss on the market, but recently I found that both Cracker Barrel and Michael’s are fully stocked.
I flat out love this taffy. I remember taking road trips with my family to far away, exotic locals such as Pierre, South Dakota, and Enid, Oklahoma. We would load up the ol’ green station wagon and motor on down the road in full-on Griswold mode. Normally our gas station layovers were more like Indy 500 pit stops. Dad would pull next to the gas pump. Then we would synchronize our watches.
We would rush in, head for the urinal, do our business, shake it off, run our hands under gas station bathroom sink water that always was either just above arctic or molten sun mass. Then we would run back to the car, our thongs (that’s what we used to call flip-flops) slapping the tarry, summer stained asphalt.
Dad would have already filled up, paid, and peed by then and he would be waiting, impatiently tapping his fingers on the roof of the car. The moment he saw us, he would gesture to us like a third base coach telling us to steel home. We would pile into the car, and then the tires would squeal, leaving about three pounds of rubber behind and we were back on the road. Dad had these stops down to a artistic science, working them into our travel schedules with meticulous plotting, like Shakespeare working out a sonnet. Nothing would get us off schedule.
But occasionally, things would be different. Every once in a while we entered a magical realm, where schedules didn’t exist and time was on our side, and we’d stop somewhere exciting like:
Stuckey’s. The crème de la crème of highway monuments. A treat fit for a king of the road. These short siestas were probably owed more to Dad’s fatigue than any real sense of parental benevolence. Dad was old school masculinity and mom never drove. That meant that when the freeway hypnosis kicked in, he had little choice other than to pull over for a moment and try to regenerate. But Dad was a master at the game. He always let us know that he was stopping for us.
For those of you who never got to experience these concrete oasis, let me tell you what you missed. It was the ultimate tourist trap. Rows upon rows of trinkets and confections that would cause jaw to drop and chin to shine with silver slivers of saliva. Tacky t-shirts and plastic things made in exotic corners of the globe would call out to every kid in a thousand mile radius, brainwashing them into begging mom and dad to buy! Buy! BUY! I swear, we never got out of one of these without aggravating both parental units to the point of yelling, weeping, and gnashing of teeth.
But the pinnacle, the jewel in the Stuckey crown, was the candy aisle.
Row upon row of glistening, over-priced nostalgia called out their Pied Piper song. What kid could resist? Corn syrup and glucose in every shade of the rainbow and artificial flavors that would have made Willy Wonka kneel at the great Stuckey sandals, shone like stained glass windows in a sugar church.
To give my parents their due credit, we never left without something to pacify. There were fizzy Zots and Bottle Caps and gummy Cola and Gatorgum and Pumpkinhead Bubblegum and Slush Puppy Paws and candy buttons and a host of other cavity-causing friends as numerous as the grains of sand on the seashore.
Sometimes I would reach for the Nik-L-Nip,
which always looked so promising but never quite satisfied.
But more often than not, I reached for the flat taffy.
Ah. Flat taffy. There is not a fruity flavor of sugary sweetness that can teleport me back to nine quicker than some good, Old Fashioned Flat Taffy.
Recently, I was out on an expedition and I ran into a box of these babies. Of course I had to indulge. As you can see from the smile on my face, I was really thrilled.
Now I don’t know about you, but I only remember one flavor. It was kind of a sweet, mixed fruit flavor. Sometimes I could convince myself that the red was strawberry, the yellow banana, and the blue raspberry, but I could never be fully sure that I was really tasting what I thought I was. Imagine my surprise when I turned the package over and saw:
What the what? There are flavors? I had no idea. I know they didn’t have Cotton Candy or Grape when I was a kid because I was nuts for those two flavors. In fact, I still think that Grape Big League Chew is the greatest flavor of any candy on the planet Earth. All I knew of, back in the day, was Rainbow.
Being the responsible (cough cough) adult that I am today, I did something that I never had done before: I flipped the package over and looked at the ingredients.
Awesome. How can candy be any good without Palm Flakes? I don’t know, and quite frankly, I do not want to live in a world where it is any other way. This thing has no saturated far, no trans fat, no cholesterol, and no Sodium. Only 19g of Carbs? Are you kidding me? These things are practically nutritious! They are even gluten free. I love how they had to tell me that their taffy is not a significant source of either Vitamins A or C.
With the guilt of destroying my diet safely behind me, I eagerly tore into the wrapper.
The smell was an instant time machine. A waxy, fruity fragrance floated toward my nose, sending my olfaction into overdrive. This was the real deal. For a moment, I thought I was wearing my short 80’s shorts, riding in the ol’ green station wagon, my legs sticking to the real leather bench seat in the back. I finished unwrapping and reached for the rainbow.
Okay. I have to admit that my enthusiasm began to dissipate a bit at this point. The taffy looked . . . what’s the word? Elderly? I think that this particular stock had sat on the shelves of this particular craft store since at least last July. Taffy should be soft and pliable without the slightest hint of crunch. This taffy more than hinted.
Luckily, the stale stagnation appeared to have only effected the ends of the treat. Once I began to mess with it a bit, I found the middle parts to be sufficiently bendy.
The first taste was like the first warm day of spring after a nasty winter full of snow and frost. You roll down the windows and let the breeze caress your hair… if you have any… and you blast Here Comes The Sun, by The Beatles, because, little Darling, it really has been a long cold lonely winter.
To be honest, I really bought three bars of taffy. The first two were gone almost before I knew what was happening. My dog looked at me in absolute wonder as I Scooby Doo’ed the whole bars, as if to say, “Hey man, don’t Bogart those.”
Finally, on the third bar, I could relax a little and enjoy myself. Everyone knows that taffy is not only good for eating, and I had no guilt in making this colorfully delicious elephant.
I named him Alfred, and he became my good, close friend….
for about ten seconds….
Then I ate him.
He was delicious.
Time to go get some more taffy. Talk soon.
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Today I was plodding through my local Walmart when I saw perhaps the most amazing gift that mankind has received in the last four years: golden sponge cake, sweet white cream, three ivory puncture holes, all wrapped in crinkly cellophane.
That’s right, friends and neighbors, I present to you the Sweetest Comeback in the History of Ever:
Twinkies are childhood. I can’t even tell you the first time I tasted a Twinkie, but I cannot remember a time without them. I’ve had them fresh, slightly stale, warm, cold, frozen, deep-fat-fried. I even did this once:
Sometimes, when I would come home after school and the bullies had hit me and the teachers had been mean, my mummy would be right there with a fresh Twinkie and a cup of grape Kool-Aid.
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About three years ago I was wandering through Luzon – a large island in The Philippines, home to Manilla, Spam restaurants (the meat, not the amazing wealth of internet ads that both titilate and confound me when they show up in my inbox) (darn those crafty internet marketers, I didn’t even know I knew the Emperor of Equador), and more people than Carter has liver pills. If you don’t understand that last comparison, ask your Grandma, she’ll explain it to you.
Anyway, Spam is incredibly popular in the Philippines. This restaurant was in a mall:
In fact, did you know that Spam is one of the most popular meat products in the world, today? In fact, in 2007, the seventh billion can of Spam was sold. That’s 7 with nine zeros, or 7,000,000,000. That’s one can of Spam for every person on the planet. That’s a lot of Spam.
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I love the Drive-In. I can remember going as a kid. My parents would load us up in their lime green station wagon with the wood paneling. We would fill the car up with junk food, blankets, lawn chairs and drinks, and go see movies like: The Black Hole, Howard the Duck, and The Ice Pirates.
I remember sneaking into the back seat and pretending to go to sleep so I could watch Friday the 13th Part 4 through the hatch-back windows of the wagon, peering over the hoods of hundreds of dark cars, ducking as Jason stalked his victims through the rainy forest.
I never realized what went on in the back seats of the other cars around me, or how many teenage boys were using Mr. Vorhees as the perfect excuse for a little cuddle-action. I wasn’t interested in any kind of voyeurism other than the kind on the screen – well, that’s not entirely true, but this post isn’t about that kind of stuff, now is it?
There was always something magical about the yellow and green lights of the Drive-In, like something out of the world’s most magnificent putt-putt park. Cars line up in rows, with those little silver speakers hanging on poles.
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You may not know this, but the Hostess brand got its start in Kansas. That’s right, Dorothy probably ate Twinkies.
Emporia, Kansas used to be one of the Mid-West’s main Twinkie producers. Hungry snackers from the great plains, Texas, Missouri, and even a stoner or two from Denver used to sate their munchies, dining on sponge cake and creamy filling that flowed from the Sunflower State.
As you know – if you are any kind of foodie, children of the 80’s, fan of junkfood, or recreational drug user – Twinkies have not been around since November of 2012, due to the bankruptcy of Hostess.
But now, all the snackers of the world can unite to celebrate because the Hostess plant in Emporia is back up and about to go online. The investment group who purchased Twinkies, Ding Dongs, and other assorted snack cakes with naughty names have assured the good people of the State of Kansas that Emporia is their flagship bakery. Emporia will be one of the main (and as far as I can ascertain: first) breadbaskets of the humble Twinkie for the entire nation.
In celebration of this momentous occasion, Emporia decided to do the coolest thing ever.
Behold!:
Oh yeah. Man I wish I could go to this event. Can you imagine anything more cool than a guy in a Twinkie costume, who just won the Twinkie eating contest, singing an original “Welcome Back Twinkie” ditty, strumming on his Twinkie-shaped ukulele?
What could the Twinkies Shake Dance possibly be? I want to learn it, doggon it!
If any of you out there are in Kansas, and going to this thing, you gotta send me some pics and a complete report.
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<param>java.awt.event.ActionEvent[ACTION_PERFORMED,cmd=,when=0,modifiers=] on javax.swing.JEditorPane[,0,0,0x0,invalid,layout=javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicTextUI$UpdateHandler,alignmentX=0.0,alignmentY=0.0,border=javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicBorders$MarginBorder@19cb0f1,flags=296,maximumSize=,minimumSize=,preferredSize=,caretColor=java.awt.Color[r=0,g=0,b=0],disabledTextColor=javax.swing.plaf.ColorUIResource[r=128,g=128,b=128],editable=true,margin=java.awt.Insets[top=0,left=0,bottom=0,right=0],selectedTextColor=javax.swing.plaf.ColorUIResource[r=255,g=255,b=255],selectionColor=java.awt.Color[r=157,g=157,b=255],kit=org.netbeans.modules.editor.java.JavaKit@137a8ec,typeHandlers=]</param>
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<message>Invoking bookmarks-kit-install implemented as org.netbeans.lib.editor.bookmarks.actions.BookmarksKitInstallAction@149c228 thru java.awt.event.ActionEvent[ACTION_PERFORMED,cmd=,when=0,modifiers=] on javax.swing.JEditorPane[,0,0,0x0,invalid,layout=javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicTextUI$UpdateHandler,alignmentX=0.0,alignmentY=0.0,border=javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicBorders$MarginBorder@19cb0f1,flags=296,maximumSize=,minimumSize=,preferredSize=,caretColor=java.awt.Color[r=0,g=0,b=0],disabledTextColor=javax.swing.plaf.ColorUIResource[r=128,g=128,b=128],editable=true,margin=java.awt.Insets[top=0,left=0,bottom=0,right=0],selectedTextColor=javax.swing.plaf.ColorUIResource[r=255,g=255,b=255],selectionColor=java.awt.Color[r=157,g=157,b=255],kit=org.netbeans.modules.editor.java.JavaKit@137a8ec,typeHandlers=]</message>
<key>UI_ACTION_EDITOR</key>
<catalog><null></catalog>
<param>java.awt.event.ActionEvent[ACTION_PERFORMED,cmd=,when=0,modifiers=] on javax.swing.JEditorPane[,0,0,184x25687,invalid,layout=javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicTextUI$UpdateHandler,alignmentX=0.0,alignmentY=0.0,border=javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicBorders$MarginBorder@19cb0f1,flags=296,maximumSize=,minimumSize=,preferredSize=,caretColor=java.awt.Color[r=0,g=0,b=0],disabledTextColor=javax.swing.plaf.ColorUIResource[r=128,g=128,b=128],editable=true,margin=java.awt.Insets[top=0,left=0,bottom=0,right=0],selectedTextColor=javax.swing.plaf.ColorUIResource[r=255,g=255,b=255],selectionColor=java.awt.Color[r=157,g=157,b=255],kit=javax.swing.JEditorPane$PlainEditorKit@1510f8c,typeHandlers=]</param>
<param>java.awt.event.ActionEvent[ACTION_PERFORMED,cmd=,when=0,modifiers=] on javax.swing.JEditorPane[,0,0,0x0,invalid,layout=javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicTextUI$UpdateHandler,alignmentX=0.0,alignmentY=0.0,border=javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicBorders$MarginBorder@19cb0f1,flags=296,maximumSize=,minimumSize=,preferredSize=,caretColor=java.awt.Color[r=0,g=0,b=0],disabledTextColor=javax.swing.plaf.ColorUIResource[r=128,g=128,b=128],editable=true,margin=java.awt.Insets[top=0,left=0,bottom=0,right=0],selectedTextColor=javax.swing.plaf.ColorUIResource[r=255,g=255,b=255],selectionColor=java.awt.Color[r=157,g=157,b=255],kit=org.netbeans.modules.editor.java.JavaKit@137a8ec,typeHandlers=]</param>
<param>org.netbeans.lib.editor.bookmarks.actions.BookmarksKitInstallAction@149c228</param>
<param>org.netbeans.lib.editor.bookmarks.actions.BookmarksKitInstallAction@149c228</param>
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<record>
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<millis>1161760787687</millis>
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<logger>org.netbeans.ui.actions</logger>
<level>FINER</level>
<thread>12</thread>
<message>Invoking New Query implemented as org.netbeans.modules.tasklist.bugs.NewQueryAction thru org.openide.awt.Actions$ToolbarButton</message>
<key>UI_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS</key>
<catalog><null></catalog>
<param>org.openide.awt.Actions$ToolbarButton[,4,3,29x27,alignmentX=0.0,alignmentY=0.5,border=javax.swing.border.CompoundBorder@298bbf,flags=16777504,maximumSize=,minimumSize=,preferredSize=,defaultIcon=javax.swing.ImageIcon@1d56250,disabledIcon=,disabledSelectedIcon=,margin=javax.swing.plaf.InsetsUIResource[top=2,left=14,bottom=2,right=14],paintBorder=true,paintFocus=true,pressedIcon=,rolloverEnabled=true,rolloverIcon=,rolloverSelectedIcon=,selectedIcon=,text=,defaultCapable=false]</param>
<param>org.openide.awt.Actions$ToolbarButton</param>
<param>org.netbeans.modules.tasklist.bugs.NewQueryAction@1feea8f</param>
<param>org.netbeans.modules.tasklist.bugs.NewQueryAction</param>
<param>New Query</param>
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<record>
<date>2006-10-25T09:20:08</date>
<millis>1161760808406</millis>
<sequence>63</sequence>
<logger>org.netbeans.ui.actions</logger>
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<catalog><null></catalog>
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|
Links
Thursday, February 07, 2008
NASA Astronaut confirms UFO,Aliens and Extraterrestrials
Everyone who follows the space industry knows who Dr. Story Musgrave is. He is very distinguished just from his academic career, holding several advanced degrees, according to Wikipedia.
BS degree in mathematics and statistics from Syracuse University in 1958MBA degree in operations analysis and computer programming from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1959BA degree in chemistry from Marietta College in 1960M.D. in medicine from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1964MS in physiology and biophysics from the University of Kentucky in 1966MA in literature from the University of Houston–Clear Lake in 1987
To the public, he is best known as a NASA Space Shuttle astronaut. Wikipedia says that he is "A veteran of six space flights, Musgrave has spent a total of 1281 hours 59 minutes, 22 seconds in space.
Musgrave is the only astronaut to have flown missions on all five Space Shuttles. Prior to John Glenn's return to space in 1998, Musgrave held the record for the oldest person in orbit, at age 62. He retired from NASA in 1997."
He helped design Skylab and systems for the Space Shuttle. By all accounts, he is extraordinarily intelligent and credible. So, what can be made of the following article, which claims that he has seen UFOs, including while aboard the Space Shuttle, 190 miles above the earth? I think there are many questions that need to be answered, to support his apparent extraordinary claims. Until he appears on Larry King or writes a book on the subject, I don't think people will believe that he believes in UFOs, aliens, etc.
NASA Astronaut confirms UFO,Aliens and ExtraterrestrialsSpace Shuttle Columbia during STS-80 took a crew of five astronauts into a 17 day, 15 hour and 54 minute mission around the earth, the longest flight in the history of this vehicle. During this lengthy flight a very strange event occurred that even had crewman Dr. Story Musgrave unable to explain what he observed from the shuttle windows.
A large disc shaped object appeared below the Columbia. The shuttle was approximately, 190 Nautical miles high.
The disc was first observed to miraculously appear from out of nowhere, flying through the clouds below and progressing from right to left as the astronauts stared in utter amazement. The outer rim of the craft appeared to be rotating counter-clockwise. It was very large (compared to common space junk and breakaway ice), approximately 50 to 150 feet in diameter.
Astronaut Dr. Story Musgrave, a Payload Specialist on the STS-80 Mission, was interviewed following the flight. As he viewed a videotape of the incident which showed lightning flashes in the atmosphere, the city lights of Denver, Colorado and other earthbound sights, he stated: "I don't know what it is. Whether it's a washer, debris, ice particles, I don't know. But it's characteristic of the thousands of things which I've seen. What is not so characteristic is it appears to come from no where. You would think that if it's facing the dark side or facing a side towards you which is not reflecting the sun, you would think that you would see something there. It's really impressive."
During an earlier interview, Dr. Musgrave stated he attempted to communicate with ET life forms during each of his six missions. He actually asked them to take him with them. Now that's an astronaut with a lot of courage. Dr. Musgrave retired after this flight from NASA. Since then he's been spreading his considered opinion that alien life exists. When Musgrave speaks of this, it's no great leap for one to assume he's admitting knowledge of alien life. As the final slide of a "Grey" ET was shown during a recent astronomy presentation by Dr. Musgrave, he made this surprising comment: "These guys are real... I guarantee it!" Dr. Musgrave does know the truth. This author guarantees it!
Consider that carefully. These are world renown scientists making statements almost beyond belief. Dr. von Braun and others of his stature have the courage to disclose "sensitive" information, but obviously the leaders of the USA and the world do not. If billions could find a way of coping with the overwhelming threat of atomic annihilation for half a century, it is reasonable to assume we can cope with the knowledge of these "Other Intelligence's" from the stars. We can cope with the fact they are visiting earth, and have been since the beginning of history. We must. Those still asleep must open their eyes. We Are Not Alone.
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Q:
XNA Framework Game Profile HiDef / Reach
You saw this question before but I can't understand the issue.
My graphic card was handling HiDef profile before I formatted my pc. I create a simple 2D game using XNA Game Studio 4.0 with HiDef profile. The game still exist at http://sourceforge.net/directory/os:windows/freshness:recently-updated/?q=survival-zombie .
After formatted my pc, I installed graphic drivers of course and I installed VS2010 then XNA Framework but now my pc cannot handle Hidef profile even the game I developed before.
I am using Windows 7 Ultimate x64, Intel 4 Series Express Chipset Familied Graphic Card.
edit : I installed XNA Game Studio 4.0 not Framework. Framework comes with it.
solved: Previous driver works fine and solved my problem.
A:
Error: "No suitable graphics card found."
Solution:If you are 100% sure you have the correct driver installed
Reinstall the driver/s
Reboot your computer
Make sure your computer has acknowledged the installed driver
Execute your XNA 4.0 game
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Q:
Erro undefined utilizando replace()
Estou tentando fazer uma espécie de marcação de pessoas, fiz uma tentativa, mas não obtive sucesso.
Onde está o erro??
var nome =["Ana", "João", "Maria", "José"];
var frase = "@[1] é casado com @[0], e @[2] é casada com @[3].";
var msg = frase.replace(/@\[(\d)\]/gmi, nome["$1"]);
document.write(msg);
O código deveria retornar:
João é casado com Ana, e Maria é casada com José.
A:
Bem, ao escrever nome["$1"], você está passando uma string como index do seu array, e como a posição não existe, undefined é retornado para você por padrão. Isso quer dizer que o valor é indefinido.
Assim sendo, todo o restante do seu código está correto, mas para cumprir seu objetivo de mudar o index de acordo com o informado na frase, basta usar uma função anônima da seguinte forma:
msg = frase.replace(/@\[(\d)\]/gmi, function(matchedText, $1, offset, str){return nome[$1]})
O seu código completo (funcionando) ficaria assim:
var nome =["Ana", "João", "Maria", "José"];
var frase = "@[1] é casado com @[0], e @[2] é casada com @[3].";
msg = frase.replace(/@\[(\d)\]/gmi, function(matchedText, $1, offset, str){return nome[$1]})
document.write(msg);
Veja uma pergunta semelhante:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/8990209/4720858
Mais sobre o assunto aqui.
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The banner takeaway from Rod Rosenstein’s confirmation hearing Tuesday was his refusal to say with any certainty that, as deputy attorney general, he would appoint a special prosecutor to investigate Russian interference in the 2016 election. Trump’s pick for the No. 2 job at the Department of Justice—a longtime federal prosecutor from Maryland—wouldn’t have faced questions on this subject under normal circumstances. But with Attorney General Jeff Sessions, Rosenstein’s likely future boss, having recused himself from any investigation into the Trump team’s interactions with Russian officials, he has been thrust into a position of unusual influence over how the issue will be handled by the DOJ.
At his hearing, Rosenstein argued that committing to a special prosecutor before his confirmation would set a dangerous precedent. “I view it as an issue of principle that as a nominee for deputy attorney general, I should not be promising to take action on a particular case,” Rosenstein said. “I believe that if I were to do this in this case, some future deputy attorney general nominee would be … asked to make a similar commitment, and they’d say, ‘Rosenstein did it, why won’t you?’ ”
He also repeatedly pleaded ignorance, explaining that he knew nothing about the status of any Russia-related investigations aside from what he’d read in the media and couldn’t possibly make a ruling as to how the issue should be dealt with until he has an opportunity to weigh the evidence. It was a reasonable enough argument. The Russia situation is extremely opaque, and as these elaborate crib sheets about “what we know and don’t know” from New York and Lawfare demonstrate, we can’t even say for sure which intelligence agencies have been investigating the Trump campaign’s Russia ties, and we certainly don’t have any clarity on what those efforts have turned up.
Realistically, Rosenstein was never going to make a Russia-related promise at Tuesday’s hearing. For all the saber-rattling from Senate Democrats—Sen. Richard Blumenthal says he will do everything in his power to block Rosenstein’s confirmation unless the nominee makes a commitment on the special prosecutor issue—there was just no way Rosenstein would paint himself into that corner. As Rosenstein noted, his colleague Dana Boente—a federal prosecutor who became acting attorney general on Jan. 30, when Trump fired Obama holdover Sally Yates for refusing to defend his immigration ban—has thus far decided against appointing a special counsel. Rosenstein said he was “not in a position to know” whether Boente’s decision is correct or not and wouldn’t be able to reach his own conclusion prior to being confirmed.
There were legitimate political reasons for Blumenthal and his Senate colleagues to pressure Rosenstein on Russia in a public hearing. Doing so allowed them to underscore the DOJ’s key role in getting to the bottom of the mess and to signal to the Trump administration that any in-house—that is, nonindependent—investigation into the matter will inevitably be viewed with skepticism. But if Democratic senators really want to pin Rosenstein down in a way that matters—and they still have an opportunity to do so, as they prepare to submit follow-up queries to Rosenstein in writing—they should ask him a different set of questions. Instead of asking whether he’s prepared to appoint a special prosecutor to look into Trump’s Russia ties, they should ask how exactly he would approach such an appointment if it became necessary. What does Rosenstein think special counsels are for? What does he think his relationship with a special counsel would look like? And most importantly, how much independence would he be willing to guarantee for whomever he appointed to the position?
These questions are crucial, because Rosenstein would have a huge amount of wiggle room to control and supervise any investigation—even a putatively “special” or “independent” one. According to the 1999 regulation that governs the use of special counsels, Rosenstein—as the most senior DOJ official overseeing the investigation—would be able to veto the special counsel on decisions he didn’t agree with, as well as request explanations “for any investigative or prosecutorial step” he or she undertakes. Rosenstein would also be able to remove the special counsel “for misconduct, dereliction of duty, incapacity, conflict of interest, or for other good cause, including violation of Departmental policies.”
Though the regulation does say the special counsel “shall not be subject to the day-to-day supervision of any official of the Department,” the practical reality is that Rosenstein could give the person he appoints as much or as little autonomy as he wants. How he intends to use that power is an open question, and one he should be perfectly capable of answering without having any special familiarity with the details of the Russia case.
At Tuesday’s hearing, only one senator—Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota—had the imagination to ask Rosenstein for his thoughts on the crucial role he’d play in directing a hypothetical investigation.
“It … says that you could overrule a special counsel’s decision,” Klobuchar said, reading from the 1999 regulation. “When would you be willing to overrule a special counsel’s authority?”
Rosenstein responded by harkening back to a post-Watergate law that made it possible for Congress to request the appointment of a truly independent counsel who would, in Rosenstein’s words, “not [be] accountable to the attorney general of the United States.” That law, Rosenstein noted, was allowed to expire in 1999. “Under current law,” he said, “every special counsel we appoint is accountable to the attorney general.”
Rosenstein then got to the point. “The authority that I would give to a special counsel,” he said, “would be whatever authority is appropriate to make sure he or she had the full range of authority to conduct the appropriate investigation that’s required and justified by the facts and law, just like we do in all other cases within the department.”
Klobuchar told me in an interview that she was tentatively pleased with Rosenstein’s answer. “I like that he said ‘full range of authority,’ ” she said. “But I want to know what he meant by some of those other more limiting phrases.”
Those more limiting phrases are indeed a red flag—especially given that Rosenstein didn’t once use the word independent in his answer. Even “full range of authority” is worryingly vague, in that it doesn’t tell us anything about what kinds of decisions Rosenstein would let his special counsel make without his blessing. “Whatever authority is appropriate” is even worse, and in fact makes it sound like Rosenstein would approach the question of independence and autonomy on a case-by-case basis.
It’s not crazy or naïve to feel optimistic that Rosenstein would give a special counsel the proper amount of latitude to do his or her job. For one thing, he would be under considerable political pressure to do so and would be harshly criticized if he didn’t. For another, he has experience as an independent prosecutor himself, from when he worked on the Whitewater investigation under Kenneth Starr. More generally, Rosenstein is widely known as an apolitical, intellectually honest prosecutor who doesn’t let partisan considerations affect his legal judgment. Indeed, Rosenstein is so competent, experienced, and professional that it’s fair to wonder how he got on Trump’s radar in the first place and what Trump’s team thinks it’s getting in bringing him aboard.
But if Rosenstein is truly the principled straight-shooter he’s depicted as in profiles, he should be able to explain with more precision how much authority he’d be willing to delegate to a special counsel. Klobuchar, for her part, said she plans to ask Rosenstein a handful of follow-up questions on this point. Her colleagues on the Judiciary Committee should follow her lead.
In the meantime, Rosenstein’s testimony from Tuesday shouldn’t necessarily be seen as evasive or noncommittal. It’s unfair to expect Sessions’ likely deputy to know what he’ll do once he’s fully briefed on the Russia issue. However, he ought to be able to commit to the idea that special counsels need independence to fulfill their proper function. If he can’t do that, there won’t be any use in him appointing one.
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