Model Card for DINOv3

DINOv3 is a family of versatile vision foundation models that outperforms the specialized state of the art across a broad range of settings, without fine-tuning. DINOv3 produces high-quality dense features that achieve outstanding performance on various vision tasks, significantly surpassing previous self- and weakly-supervised foundation models.

Model Details

These are Vision Transformer and ConvNeXt models trained following the method described in the DINOv3 paper. 12 models are provided:

10 models pretrained on web data (LVD-1689M dataset)
- 1 ViT-7B trained from scratch,
- 5 ViT-S/S+/B/L/H+ models distilled from the ViT-7B,
- 4 ConvNeXt-{T/S/B/L} models distilled from the ViT-7B,
2 models pretrained on satellite data (SAT-493M dataset)
- 1 ViT-7B trained from scratch
- 1 ViT-L distilled from the ViT-7B

Each Transformer-based model takes an image as input and returns a class token, patch tokens (and register tokens). These models follow a ViT architecture, with a patch size of 16. For a 224x224 image, this results in 1 class token + 4 register tokens + 196 patch tokens = 201 tokens (for DINOv2 with registers this resulted in 1 + 4 + 256 = 261 tokens).

The models can accept larger images provided the image shapes are multiples of the patch size (16). If this condition is not verified, the model will crop to the closest smaller multiple of the patch size.

Model Description

Developed by: Meta AI
Model type: Vision Transformer, ConvNeXt
License: DINOv3 License

Model Sources

Repository: https://github.com/facebookresearch/dinov3
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10104

Uses

The models are vision backbones providing multi-purpose features for downstream tasks.

Direct Use

The models can be used without fine-tuning, with downstream classifiers as simple as linear layers, to obtain competitive results:

on image classification, using k-NN classifiers on the class token
on image classification, with logistic regression classifiers applied on the class token
on image classification, with a linear layer applied on the class token and the average of the patch tokens
on image retrieval using nearest neighbors
on geometric and semantic 3D keypoint correspondances
on depth estimation, semantic segmentation, using linear layers
on unsupervised object discovery
on video segmentation tracking
on video classification, using a small 4-layer attentive probe

Downstream Use

While fine-tuning the models can yield some gains, it is recommended to keep this option as a last resort: the frozen features are expected to provide good performance out-of-the-box.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Compared to DINOv2 and SEERv2, DINOv3 delivers somewhat consistent performance across income categories on geographical fairness and diversity, although with a notable performance drop in the low-income bucket compared to the highest-income bucket.

DINOv3 also achieves relatively good scores across different regions, improving over its predecessor DINOv2. However, a relative difference is still observed between Europe and Africa.

Recommendations

Fine-tuning is expected to increase the biases in the features produced by the model as they will be tuned to the fine-tuning labels.

How to Get Started with the Model

The example below demonstrates how to obtain an image embedding with [Pipeline] or the [AutoModel] class.

from transformers import pipeline
from transformers.image_utils import load_image

url = "https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/pipeline-cat-chonk.jpeg"
image = load_image(url)

feature_extractor = pipeline(
    model="facebook/dinov3-vitl16-pretrain-lvd1689m",
    task="image-feature-extraction", 
)
features = feature_extractor(image)

import torch
from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, AutoModel
from transformers.image_utils import load_image

url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
image = load_image(url)

pretrained_model_name = "facebook/dinov3-vitl16-pretrain-lvd1689m"
processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained(pretrained_model_name)
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    pretrained_model_name, 
    device_map="auto", 
)

inputs = processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
with torch.inference_mode():
    outputs = model(**inputs)

pooled_output = outputs.pooler_output
print("Pooled output shape:", pooled_output.shape)

Training Details

Training Data

Web dataset (LVD-1689M): a curated dataset of 1,689 millions of images extracted from a large data pool of 17 billions web images collected from public posts on Instagram
Satellite dataset (SAT-493M): a dataset of 493 millions of 512x512 images sampled randomly from Maxar RGB ortho-rectified imagery at 0.6 meter resolution

Training Procedure

Training objective:

DINO self-distillation loss with multi-crop
iBOT masked-image modeling loss
KoLeo regularization on [CLS] tokens
Gram anchoring
Training regime: PyTorch FSDP2 (with bf16 and fp8 matrix multiplications)

Distillation:

Distillation follows the standard DINOv3 pretraining procedure, except the teacher is a frozen pretrained ViT-7B.

Evaluation

Results

The reader is referred to the associated paper for details on the evaluation protocols

Results for ViT backbones pretrained (or distilled) on web (LVD-1689M)

	Global Tasks				Dense Tasks
Model	IN-ReaL	IN-R	Obj.Net	Ox.-H	ADE20k	NYU↓	DAVIS	NAVI	SPair
DINOv3 ViT-S/16	87.0	60.4	50.9	49.5	47.0	0.403	72.7	56.3	50.4
DINOv3 ViT-S+/16	88.0	68.8	54.6	50.0	48.8	0.399	75.5	57.1	55.2
DINOv3 ViT-B/16	89.3	76.7	64.1	58.5	51.8	0.373	77.2	58.8	57.2
DINOv3 ViT-L/16	90.2	88.1	74.8	63.1	54.9	0.352	79.9	62.3	61.3
DINOv3 ViT-H+/16	90.3	90.0	78.6	64.5	54.8	0.352	79.3	63.3	56.3
DINOv3 ViT-7B/16	90.4	91.1	91.1	72.8	60.7	55.9	0.309	64.4	58.7

Results for ConvNeXt backbones distilled on web (LVD-1689M)

	Global Tasks						Dense Tasks
Model	IN-ReaL		IN-R		Obj.Net		ADE20k	NYU↓
	@256px	@512px	@256px	@512px	@256px	@512px
DINOv3 ConvNeXt Tiny	86.6	87.7	73.7	74.1	52.6	58.7	42.7	0.448
DINOv3 ConvNeXt Small	87.9	88.7	73.7	74.1	52.6	58.7	44.8	0.432
DINOv3 ConvNeXt Base	88.5	89.2	77.2	78.2	56.2	61.3	46.3	0.420
DINOv3 ConvNeXt Large	88.9	89.4	81.3	82.4	59.3	65.2	47.8	0.403

Results for ViT backbones pretrained (or distilled) on satellite (SAT-493M)

	(GEO-Bench) Classification
Model	m-BEnet	m-brick-kiln	m-eurosat	m-forestnet	m-pv4ger	m-so2sat	mean
DINOv3 ViT-L/16	73.0	96.5	94.1	60.6	96.0	57.4	79.6
DINOv3 ViT-7B/16	74.0	97.2	94.8	62.3	96.1	62.1	81.1
	(GEO-Bench) Segmentation
Model	m-cashew	m-chesapeake	m-NeonTree	m-nz-cattle	m-pv4ger-seg	m-SA-crop	mean
DINOv3 ViT-L/16	94.2	75.6	61.8	83.7	95.2	36.8	74.5
DINOv3 ViT-7B/16	94.1	76.6	62.6	83.4	95.5	37.6	75.0

Environmental Impact

Hardware Type: Nvidia H100
Hours used: 61,440 hours for ViT-7B model training
Cloud Provider: Private infrastructure
Compute Region: USA
Carbon Emitted: 18t CO2eq

Technical Specifications

Model Architecture and Objective

Vision Transformer models:

ViT-S (21M parameters): patch size 16, embedding dimension 384, 4 register tokens, 6 heads, MLP FFN, RoPE
ViT-S+ (29M parameters): patch size 16, embedding dimension 384, 4 register tokens, 6 heads, SwiGLU FFN, RoPE
ViT-B (86M parameters): patch size 16, embedding dimension 768, 4 register tokens, 12 heads, MLP FFN, RoPE
ViT-L (300M parameters): patch size 16, embedding dimension 1024, 4 register tokens, 16 heads, MLP FFN, RoPE
ViT-H+ (840M parameters): patch size 16, embedding dimension 1280, 4 register tokens, 20 heads, SwiGLU FFN, RoPE
ViT-7B (6716M parameters): patch size 16, embedding dimension 4096, 4 register tokens, 32 heads, SwiGLU FFN, RoPE

ConvNeXt models:

ConvNeXt Tiny (29M parameters)
ConvNeXt Small (50M parameters)
ConvNeXt Base (89M parameters)
ConvNeXt Large (198M parameters)

Compute Infrastructure

Hardware

Nvidia H100 GPUs

Software

PyTorch 2.7

More Information

See the blog post and the associated website.

Citation

BibTeX

@misc{simeoni2025dinov3,
  title={{DINOv3}},
  author={Sim{\'e}oni, Oriane and Vo, Huy V. and Seitzer, Maximilian and Baldassarre, Federico and Oquab, Maxime and Jose, Cijo and Khalidov, Vasil and Szafraniec, Marc and Yi, Seungeun and Ramamonjisoa, Micha{\"e}l and Massa, Francisco and Haziza, Daniel and Wehrstedt, Luca and Wang, Jianyuan and Darcet, Timoth{\'e}e and Moutakanni, Th{\'e}o and Sentana, Leonel and Roberts, Claire and Vedaldi, Andrea and Tolan, Jamie and Brandt, John and Couprie, Camille and Mairal, Julien and J{\'e}gou, Herv{\'e} and Labatut, Patrick and Bojanowski, Piotr},
  year={2025},
  eprint={2508.10104},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.CV},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10104},
}

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dinov3-vitl16-pretrain-lvd1689m

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