ibm-esa-geospatial/TerraMind-1.0-Tokenizer-LULC

TerraMind 1.0 LULC Tokenizer

TerraMind is the first multimodal any-to-any generative foundation model for Earth Observation jointly developed by IBM, ESA, and Forschungszentrum Jülich. The model is pre-trained using FSQ-VAE tokens as targets. This tokenizer encodes and decodes land-use land-cover (LULC) maps for the TerraMind model.

The tokenizer uses FSQ with five dimensions and a codebook size of 4'375 tokens. The model was pre-trained for 20 epochs on nine million LULC images from the TerraMesh dataset which are sourced from ESRI. The maps include nine classes and a 10th no-data class: No data, water, trees, flooded vegetation, crops, built area, bare ground, snow/ice, clouds, rangeland.

Usage

The tokenizer is fully integrated into the fine-tuning toolkit TerraTorch. You can initialize the pre-trained tokenizer with:

from terratorch.registry import FULL_MODEL_REGISTRY
model = FULL_MODEL_REGISTRY.build('terramind_v1_tokenizer_lulc', pretrained=True)

Once the model is build, it can be used to encode image and decode tokens.

# Encode image
_, _, tokens = model.encode(lulc_tensor)
# Decode tokens
reconstruction = model.decode_tokens(tokens)
# Encode & decode
reconstruction = model(lulc_tensor)

This tokenizer is automatically loaded with TerraMind generation models like terramind_v1_base_generate, see here for details.

We provide example code for the tokenizer at https://github.com/IBM/terramind.

Feedback

If you have feedback or any questions, please start a discussion in this HF repository or submitting an issue to TerraMind on GitHub.

Citation

If you use TerraMind in your research, please cite our TerraMind pre-print.

@article{jakubik2025terramind,
  title={TerraMind: Large-Scale Generative Multimodality for Earth Observation},
  author={Jakubik, Johannes and Yang, Felix and Blumenstiel, Benedikt and Scheurer, Erik and Sedona, Rocco and Maurogiovanni, Stefano and Bosmans, Jente and Dionelis, Nikolaos and Marsocci, Valerio and Kopp, Niklas and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.11171},
  year={2025}
}