Mariusz Kurman
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mkurman
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AI Tech Lead | MD
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8 types of RoPE
As we always use Transformers, it's helpful to understand RoPE—Rotary Position Embedding. Since token order matters, RoPE encodes it by rotating token embeddings based on their position, so the model knows how to interpret which token comes first, second, and so on.
Here are 8 types of RoPE that can be implemented in different cases:
1. Original RoPE -> https://huggingface.co/papers/2104.09864
Encodes token positions by rotating token embeddings in the complex plane via a position-based rotation matrix, thereby providing the self-attention mechanism with relative positional info.
2. LongRoPE -> https://huggingface.co/papers/2402.13753
Extends the context window of pre-trained LLMs to 2048k tokens, leveraging non-uniformities in positional interpolation with an efficient search.
3. LongRoPE2 -> https://huggingface.co/papers/2502.20082
Extends the effective context window of pre-trained LLMs to the target! length, rescaling RoPE guided by “needle-driven” perplexity.
4. Multimodal RoPE (MRoPE) -> https://huggingface.co/papers/2502.13923
Decomposes positional embedding into 3 components: temporal, height and width, so that positional features are aligned across modalities: text, images and videos.
5. Directional RoPE (DRoPE) -> https://huggingface.co/papers/2503.15029
Adds an identity scalar, improving how angles are handled without extra complexity. It helps balance accuracy, speed, and memory usage.
6. VideoRoPE -> https://huggingface.co/papers/2502.05173
Adapts RoPE for video, featuring 3D structure, low-frequency temporal allocation, diagonal layout, and adjustable spacing.
7. VRoPE -> https://huggingface.co/papers/2502.11664
An another RoPE for video, which restructures positional indices and balances encoding for uniform spatial focus.
8. XPos (Extrapolatable Position Embedding) -> https://huggingface.co/papers/2212.10
Introduces an exponential decay factor into the rotation matrix, improving stability on long sequences.
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