tomaarsen/reranker-ModernBERT-base-gooaq-bce-static-retriever-hardest

CrossEncoder based on answerdotai/ModernBERT-base

This is a Cross Encoder model finetuned from answerdotai/ModernBERT-base using the sentence-transformers library. It computes scores for pairs of texts, which can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Cross Encoder
• Base model: answerdotai/ModernBERT-base
• Maximum Sequence Length: 8192 tokens
• Number of Output Labels: 1 label

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Documentation: Cross Encoder Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Cross Encoders on Hugging Face

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = CrossEncoder("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Get scores for pairs of texts
pairs = [
    ["how to obtain a teacher's certificate in texas?", '["Step 1: Obtain a Bachelor\'s Degree. One of the most important Texas teacher qualifications is a bachelor\'s degree. ... ", \'Step 2: Complete an Educator Preparation Program (EPP) ... \', \'Step 3: Pass Texas Teacher Certification Exams. ... \', \'Step 4: Complete a Final Application and Background Check.\']'],
    ["how to obtain a teacher's certificate in texas?", 'Teacher education programs may take 4 years to complete after which certification plans are prepared for a three year period. During this plan period, the teacher must obtain a Standard Certification within 1-2 years. Learn how to get certified to teach in Texas.'],
    ["how to obtain a teacher's certificate in texas?", "Washington Teachers Licensing Application Process Official transcripts showing proof of bachelor's degree. Proof of teacher program completion at an approved teacher preparation school. Passing scores on the required examinations. Completed application for teacher certification in Washington."],
    ["how to obtain a teacher's certificate in texas?", 'Some aspiring educators may be confused about the difference between teaching certification and teaching certificates. Teacher certification is another term for the licensure required to teach in public schools, while a teaching certificate is awarded upon completion of an academic program.'],
    ["how to obtain a teacher's certificate in texas?", 'In Texas, the minimum age to work is 14. Unlike some states, Texas does not require juvenile workers to obtain a child employment certificate or an age certificate to work. A prospective employer that wants one can request a certificate of age for any minors it employs, obtainable from the Texas Workforce Commission.'],
]
scores = model.predict(pairs)
print(scores.shape)
# (5,)

# Or rank different texts based on similarity to a single text
ranks = model.rank(
    "how to obtain a teacher's certificate in texas?",
    [
        '["Step 1: Obtain a Bachelor\'s Degree. One of the most important Texas teacher qualifications is a bachelor\'s degree. ... ", \'Step 2: Complete an Educator Preparation Program (EPP) ... \', \'Step 3: Pass Texas Teacher Certification Exams. ... \', \'Step 4: Complete a Final Application and Background Check.\']',
        'Teacher education programs may take 4 years to complete after which certification plans are prepared for a three year period. During this plan period, the teacher must obtain a Standard Certification within 1-2 years. Learn how to get certified to teach in Texas.',
        "Washington Teachers Licensing Application Process Official transcripts showing proof of bachelor's degree. Proof of teacher program completion at an approved teacher preparation school. Passing scores on the required examinations. Completed application for teacher certification in Washington.",
        'Some aspiring educators may be confused about the difference between teaching certification and teaching certificates. Teacher certification is another term for the licensure required to teach in public schools, while a teaching certificate is awarded upon completion of an academic program.',
        'In Texas, the minimum age to work is 14. Unlike some states, Texas does not require juvenile workers to obtain a child employment certificate or an age certificate to work. A prospective employer that wants one can request a certificate of age for any minors it employs, obtainable from the Texas Workforce Commission.',
    ]
)
# [{'corpus_id': ..., 'score': ...}, {'corpus_id': ..., 'score': ...}, ...]

Evaluation

Metrics

Cross Encoder Reranking

• Datasets: gooaq-dev, NanoMSMARCO, NanoNFCorpus and NanoNQ
• Evaluated with CERerankingEvaluator

Metric	gooaq-dev	NanoMSMARCO	NanoNFCorpus	NanoNQ
map	0.7821 (+0.2485)	0.4373 (-0.0523)	0.3354 (+0.0650)	0.5305 (+0.1098)
mrr@10	0.7800 (+0.2560)	0.4288 (-0.0487)	0.4934 (-0.0064)	0.5326 (+0.1059)
ndcg@10	0.8269 (+0.2356)	0.5287 (-0.0117)	0.3612 (+0.0361)	0.5823 (+0.0817)

Cross Encoder Nano BEIR

• Dataset: NanoBEIR_mean
• Evaluated with CENanoBEIREvaluator

Metric	Value
map	0.4344 (+0.0408)
mrr@10	0.4849 (+0.0169)
ndcg@10	0.4907 (+0.0354)

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 578,402 training samples
• Columns: question, answer, and label
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	question	answer	label
  type	string	string	int
  details	min: 19 characters mean: 43.6 characters max: 100 characters	min: 56 characters mean: 251.22 characters max: 387 characters	0: ~82.90% 1: ~17.10%

• Samples:

  question	answer	label
  how to obtain a teacher's certificate in texas?	["Step 1: Obtain a Bachelor's Degree. One of the most important Texas teacher qualifications is a bachelor's degree. ... ", 'Step 2: Complete an Educator Preparation Program (EPP) ... ', 'Step 3: Pass Texas Teacher Certification Exams. ... ', 'Step 4: Complete a Final Application and Background Check.']	1
  how to obtain a teacher's certificate in texas?	Teacher education programs may take 4 years to complete after which certification plans are prepared for a three year period. During this plan period, the teacher must obtain a Standard Certification within 1-2 years. Learn how to get certified to teach in Texas.	0
  how to obtain a teacher's certificate in texas?	Washington Teachers Licensing Application Process Official transcripts showing proof of bachelor's degree. Proof of teacher program completion at an approved teacher preparation school. Passing scores on the required examinations. Completed application for teacher certification in Washington.	0

• Loss: BinaryCrossEntropyLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "activation_fct": "torch.nn.modules.linear.Identity",
      "pos_weight": 5
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 64
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 64
• learning_rate: 2e-05
• num_train_epochs: 1
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• seed: 12
• bf16: True
• dataloader_num_workers: 4
• load_best_model_at_end: True

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 64
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 64
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 2e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• num_train_epochs: 1
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 12
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: True
• fp16: False
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 4
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• dispatch_batches: None
• split_batches: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	gooaq-dev_ndcg@10	NanoMSMARCO_ndcg@10	NanoNFCorpus_ndcg@10	NanoNQ_ndcg@10	NanoBEIR_mean_ndcg@10
-1	-1	-	0.1541 (-0.4371)	0.0273 (-0.5131)	0.3068 (-0.0182)	0.0340 (-0.4666)	0.1227 (-0.3326)
0.0001	1	1.3693	-	-	-	-	-
0.0221	200	1.1942	-	-	-	-	-
0.0443	400	1.1542	-	-	-	-	-
0.0664	600	0.9421	-	-	-	-	-
0.0885	800	0.7253	-	-	-	-	-
0.1106	1000	0.6955	0.7578 (+0.1666)	0.4930 (-0.0474)	0.3038 (-0.0212)	0.6047 (+0.1040)	0.4672 (+0.0118)
0.1328	1200	0.6236	-	-	-	-	-
0.1549	1400	0.6155	-	-	-	-	-
0.1770	1600	0.6102	-	-	-	-	-
0.1992	1800	0.5621	-	-	-	-	-
0.2213	2000	0.571	0.7910 (+0.1998)	0.5230 (-0.0174)	0.3468 (+0.0217)	0.5689 (+0.0683)	0.4796 (+0.0242)
0.2434	2200	0.5575	-	-	-	-	-
0.2655	2400	0.5539	-	-	-	-	-
0.2877	2600	0.5507	-	-	-	-	-
0.3098	2800	0.5483	-	-	-	-	-
0.3319	3000	0.5204	0.8089 (+0.2177)	0.5283 (-0.0121)	0.3413 (+0.0162)	0.5783 (+0.0776)	0.4826 (+0.0272)
0.3541	3200	0.5267	-	-	-	-	-
0.3762	3400	0.5075	-	-	-	-	-
0.3983	3600	0.5312	-	-	-	-	-
0.4204	3800	0.4992	-	-	-	-	-
0.4426	4000	0.5019	0.8119 (+0.2207)	0.5021 (-0.0383)	0.3405 (+0.0155)	0.5255 (+0.0249)	0.4561 (+0.0007)
0.4647	4200	0.4957	-	-	-	-	-
0.4868	4400	0.5112	-	-	-	-	-
0.5090	4600	0.4992	-	-	-	-	-
0.5311	4800	0.4767	-	-	-	-	-
0.5532	5000	0.4854	0.8197 (+0.2284)	0.5562 (+0.0158)	0.3506 (+0.0256)	0.5767 (+0.0761)	0.4945 (+0.0392)
0.5753	5200	0.4834	-	-	-	-	-
0.5975	5400	0.4732	-	-	-	-	-
0.6196	5600	0.4757	-	-	-	-	-
0.6417	5800	0.4704	-	-	-	-	-
0.6639	6000	0.4632	0.8187 (+0.2275)	0.5322 (-0.0082)	0.3650 (+0.0399)	0.5871 (+0.0865)	0.4948 (+0.0394)
0.6860	6200	0.4492	-	-	-	-	-
0.7081	6400	0.4717	-	-	-	-	-
0.7303	6600	0.4639	-	-	-	-	-
0.7524	6800	0.465	-	-	-	-	-
0.7745	7000	0.4502	0.8261 (+0.2349)	0.5455 (+0.0050)	0.3540 (+0.0290)	0.6095 (+0.1089)	0.5030 (+0.0476)
0.7966	7200	0.4582	-	-	-	-	-
0.8188	7400	0.4628	-	-	-	-	-
0.8409	7600	0.4496	-	-	-	-	-
0.8630	7800	0.4571	-	-	-	-	-
0.8852	8000	0.4459	0.8239 (+0.2326)	0.5236 (-0.0168)	0.3571 (+0.0320)	0.5826 (+0.0819)	0.4878 (+0.0324)
0.9073	8200	0.457	-	-	-	-	-
0.9294	8400	0.4481	-	-	-	-	-
0.9515	8600	0.4515	-	-	-	-	-
0.9737	8800	0.4453	-	-	-	-	-
0.9958	9000	0.4566	0.8269 (+0.2356)	0.5287 (-0.0117)	0.3612 (+0.0361)	0.5823 (+0.0817)	0.4907 (+0.0354)
-1	-1	-	0.8269 (+0.2356)	0.5287 (-0.0117)	0.3612 (+0.0361)	0.5823 (+0.0817)	0.4907 (+0.0354)

• The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.10
• Sentence Transformers: 3.5.0.dev0
• Transformers: 4.49.0.dev0
• PyTorch: 2.6.0.dev20241112+cu121
• Accelerate: 1.2.0
• Datasets: 3.2.0
• Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}