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cd75aaf3-5325-4053-ae04-81c36574fa21 | The addition of hyaluronidase to a local anesthetic solution might | Increase the duration of anesthesia | Limit the area of anesthesia | Reduce bleeding | Enhance diffusion of local anesthetic | 3d
| single | null | Surgery | null | [
"hyaluronidase"
] | 49,114 |
81bbfec2-cd68-4f50-a625-6474626df761 | Mrs. Reeta Wardhan, A 50-year old female with rheumatoid arthritis is being considered for infliximab therapy. Which of the following tests should be performed before beginning treatment? | Liver function tests | PPD skin test | Pulmonary function tests | Visual examination | 1b
| single | Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody against TNF-α. It is commonly used to treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis particularly in patients who have failed methotrexate therapy. TNF-α inhibitors can cause serious adverse effects, including reactivation of latent tuberculosis. All patients being considered for TNF-α inhibitor therapy should have a baseline PPD skin test to screen for latent tuberculosis. | Pharmacology | null | [
"infliximab"
] | 49,115 |
3730cef6-56b6-4d93-996c-d757c2cf92f8 | The drug of choice in the management of life threatening allergic reaction is: | Corticosteroids | Antihistamines | Adrenalin | Diazepam | 2c
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"diazepam"
] | 49,122 |
d3b92e69-d67f-48cb-b93b-9a259ca8d0cb | A gravida 3 with a history of 2 previous 2nd trimester aboions presents at 22 weeks of gestation with funneling of the cervix. Most appropriate management would be: | Administer Dinoprostone and bed rest | Administer mifepristone and bed rest | Apply Fothergill's stitch | Apply McDonald's stitch | 3d
| single | Previous history of mid trimester aboions and funneling of cervix are both suggestive of incompetent cervix McDonald's stitch is used for cervical encerclage, generally applied after 12 completed pregnancy weeks and removed at or beyond 37 weeks Dinoprostone is mainly used for induction of labour. Mifepristone which is an anti progestin is use for termination of pregnancy. Fothergill's stitch used for repair of cervical enlargement and is pa of management of UTERINE prolapse in younger parous women who want to save their uterus | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Aboions, Spontaneous & Induced Emergency Contraception (Hey,whats the hurry !) | [
"mifepristone",
"dinoprostone"
] | 49,123 |
01f38679-d797-4d9f-9eb5-497c87723afa | Drug of choice for the treatment of a pregnant woman with P vivax malaria is : | Quinine | Chloroquine | Artemether | Paracetamol | 1b
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"quinine",
"paracetamol",
"chloroquine"
] | 49,136 |
b866d93f-aec0-4401-822d-6f02c6dd4371 | Treatment of choice for Echinococcus granulosus is. | Albendazole | Mebendazole | Thiobendazole | Praziquantel | 0a
| single | Answer is A (Albendazole): The drug of choice for treatment of Echinococcus granulosus injection (Hydatid cyst) is Albendazole. | Medicine | null | [
"albendazole",
"mebendazole"
] | 49,164 |
3b038236-a75a-4281-8bb1-410a841a0010 | When used for emergency contraception, What is the dose of ulipristal acetate? | 300mg | 30mg | 300ug | 30ug | 1b
| single | Emergency Contraceptives Drug Dose Levonorgestrel (POP) 1 dose 1.5 mg within 72 hrs Copper IUDs ( NOT THE DOC ! ) Inseion within 5 days Ulipristal acetate (SPRM) 30 mg orally within 120 hours Ethinyl estradiol 50 ug + Norgestrel 0.25 mg (COC) 2 tab stat and 2 after 12 hour Mifepristone RU 486 (PA) 25 to 100 mg single dose ICUDs are the most effective methods, no doubt, but they can never be the DOC. Thats because they require seeing a gynecologist take a prescription and then a specialist to inse the device. Emergency contraception is based on the principle of 'over the counter' easy to use medication to prevent a pregnancy and when there is unplanned intercourse, which can happen many times in a year, a person cannot be expected to take an IUCD every time! However, a LNG tablet can be easily, and effectively, be taken whenever there is unplanned intercourse * Please note: We are in the early pa of year 2020 now. Mifepristone or Ullipristal may be soon termed as the best drugs for EC. Please be on the look out for recent updates. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | NEET 2019 | [
"ulipristal"
] | 49,220 |
8d7336c0-9c1f-4642-8ad3-af9d070141c6 | Effective ulcer treatment that works by inhibitory action on gastric acid secretion is - | Lactulose | Aluminium hydroxide | Sucralfate | Ranitidine | 3d
| single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ranitidine o Among the given options, only ranitidine decreases acid secretion.Drugs for peptic ulcer1.Reduce gastric acid secretionH2 antihistaminic - Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Roxatidine.Proton pump inhibitors - Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole, Esomeprazole.Anticholinergics - Pirenzepine, propantheline, oxyphenonium.Prostaglandin analogue - Misoprostol, enprostil, rioprostil.2. Neutralization of gastric acid (antacids)Systemic - Sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate.Non systemic - Magnesium hydroxide, Mag. trisilicate, aluminium hydroxide, Magaldrate, calcium carbonate.3. UlcerprotectivesSucralfate, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, Prostaglandin analogue.4. Anti H. pylori durgsAmoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, Tinidazole, tetracycline.Note - PG analogue have both antisecretory (i HC1 secretion) as well as cytoprotective action. | Pharmacology | G.I.T | [
"lactulose",
"ranitidine"
] | 49,251 |
e0fba5e9-2d96-486e-b9c6-1ecf49c0f048 | One of the following antihypeensive is NOT used in pregnancy: | Enalapril | Methyldopa | Hydralazine | Nifedipine | 0a
| single | Enalapril is an ACE INHIBITOR which causes oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria and renal dysfunction which leads to IUGR. Commonly Used Drugs in the Management of Pre-eclampsia Drug Mode of action Labetalol Adrenoceptor antagonist (a and b blockers) Nifedipine Calcium channel blocker Methyl-dopa Central and peripheral anti adrenergic action Hydralazine Vascular smooth muscle relaxant | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Pregnancy induced Hypeension | [
"methyldopa",
"hydralazine",
"nifedipine",
"enalapril"
] | 49,255 |
d2092992-012b-49e3-b22d-15ff0381db58 | Glycoprotein II b / III a receptor antagonists is | Clopidogrel | Abeiximab | Tranoxaemic-acid | Ticlopidine | 1b
| single | (Abciximab) (573-KDT) (610-11-KDT 6th)Antiplatelet Drugs (Antithrombotic drugs)* Aspirin* Dipyridamole* Ticlopidine* Clopidogrel* * Glycoprotein lib /Ilia receptor antagonists - Abciximab, Eptifibatide and TirofibanAbciximab* Given along with aspirin + heparin during PTC A it has markedly reduced the incidence of restenosis, subsequent MI and death* Used in unstable angina and as adjuvant to coronary thrombolysis* Non antigenic, the main risk is haemorrhage. Thrombocytopenia is another complications.Antifibrinolvtics - EACA, Tranexaemic acid, Aprotinin | Pharmacology | Hematology | [
"clopidogrel",
"ticlopidine"
] | 49,288 |
e01c0216-2606-464b-949d-c3e4c9a5e027 | Fatty change in liver is seen with use of - | Tetracycline | Erythromycin | Chlorpromazine | Acetoaminophen | 0a
| single | null | Pathology | null | [
"erythromycin",
"chlorpromazine",
"tetracycline"
] | 49,289 |
f45139c3-9908-4f4d-a762-a5dd078d603c | Which of the following is shortest acting non depolarizing Muscle Relaxant: | Vecuronium | Mivacurium | Succinylcholine | Atracrium | 1b
| single | Ans: (b) MivacuriumRef: KDt 6th ed. / 343* Shortest acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxant: Mivacurium* Shortest acting depolarizing muscle relaxant: Sch* Overall shortest acting muscle relaxant: Sch.* Shortest acting local anaesthetic: chlorprocaineClassification of Muscle RelaxantsNeuro Muscular Blocking agentDepolarizing (Non- competitive) M.R.Non-depolarizing (Competitive) M.R.Suxamethonium/succinyl choline/ ScolineDecamethoniumAll others, For eg: Gallamine,D-tubocurarine, Atracurium,Mevacurium/ Vecuronium/Pancuronium/Rocuronium | Anaesthesia | Non-depolarising Neuromuscular Blocking Agents | [
"vecuronium",
"mivacurium"
] | 49,314 |
a6c7afb1-c6d3-4d60-a387-df23f60fc16e | Which of the following antihypertensives is not given in pregnancy? (AllMS May 2015. May 2014) | Enalapril | a-methyldopa | Labetalol | Nifedipine | 0a
| multi | Ans. a. Enalapril (Ref: Goodman and Gilman 12/e pe p736)Enalapril is not given in pregnancy."ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin-I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II. They can cause severe fetal malformations that include hypocalvaria when given in the second and third trimesters. Because of this, they are not recommended during pregnancy. Angiotensin-receptor blockers act in a similar manner but instead of blocking the production of angiotensin-II, they inhibit binding to its receptor. They are presumed to have the same fetal effects as ACE inhibitors and are also contraindicated." - Goodman and Gilman 12/e pe p736Antihypertensives to be avoided in Pregnancy (Mnemonic: SAAND)Sodium nitroprussideQACE inhibitorsQARBsQNon-selective beta blockersQDiureticsQ | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Management and Long-Term Consequences | [
"methyldopa",
"labetalol",
"nifedipine",
"enalapril"
] | 49,349 |
239f5443-f53e-414c-93b2-51219f6f4c19 | A 40 year old primiparous woman suspected to be suffering from endometriosis is subjected to diagnostic laparoscopy. Findings indicate - Uterus normal, both the ovaries show presence of chocolate cysts; endometriotic deposits are seen on the round ligament right side, both the fallopian tubes and the pouch of Douglas; moderately dens adhesions are present between the fallopian tubes and the pouch of Douglas. The treatment of choice in this case is : | Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy | Danazol therapy | Progesterone therapy | Fulguration of endometriotic deposits | 3d
| multi | Ans. is d i.e. Fulguration of endometriotic deposits The situation given in the question is such that it points towards moderate endometriosis (as chocolate cyst, dense adhesions are present). Dense adhesions and cysts cannot be fully treated by medical therapy and so, some form of surgery is required. Main question is whether we would like to go for conservative surgery or Radical surgery (i.e. TAH with BSO). Conservative surgery : The clinical situations involving conservative surgery include ovarian endometrioma, pelvic adhesions, peritoneal implants and deep infiltrative recto vaginal septum disease. In addition laser laparoscopy can be used in order to perform uterine nerve ablation. .. Radical Surgery : Whilst repeated conservative surgery and medical therapy help many women, only some women fail to find pain relief after recurrence, which is the major drawback of conservative surgery. For these women, radical surgery is the only option and involves Hysterectomy with Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. According to "Hysterectomy with bilateral oopherectomy should be reserved for women who have completed childbearing and recognise the risk of premature hypoestrogenism including possible osteoporosis and decrease libido." Note : Hysterectomy without BSO is not done in case of endometriosis due to 6 fold increase risk of recurrent chronic pelvic pain and 8 fold risk of repeat surgery. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"danazol"
] | 49,353 |
7ecbb16b-0367-49ac-a857-17e99689864e | True regarding morphine | Tolerance develps for all except miosis and constipation | Tolerance to all effects develops with chronic usage | Tolerance develops for all except euphoria and sedation | Tolerance can develop to all effects in high doses | 0a
| multi | A i.e. Toerance develops for all except miosis & constipation | Anaesthesia | null | [
"morphine"
] | 49,356 |
4696014a-a39a-45f6-acbe-7943be26d9ca | Which of the following is a low molecular weight heparin: | Hirudin | Enoxaparin | Tranexamic acid | Lepirudin | 1b
| single | Ans. (b) Enoxaparin* Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin.* It acts by inhibiting factor Xa.* LMWH usually doesn't need monitoring because of consistent bioavailability.* Drugs under LMWH:# Enoxaparin# Dalteparin# Tinzaparin# RabiparinAlso Know* Hirudin along with Lepirudin and Bivalirudin is an anticoagulant which is act by direct thrombin (factor IIa) inhibition.* Tranexamic acid is an anti-fibrinolytic agent. | Pharmacology | Anticoagulants and Coagulants | [
"enoxaparin"
] | 49,358 |
392e7d76-2372-4d9f-8e96-70f42ec89e95 | Which of the following antibiotics is NOT indicated for periodontal therapy? | Erythromycin | Metronidazole | Tetracycline | Augmentin | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null | [
"erythromycin",
"metronidazole",
"tetracycline"
] | 49,368 |
8b214b00-10af-42b8-8128-b02dc11ea832 | Antidote for Strychnine poisoning is - | Barbiturates | Physotigmine | Fomepizole | Naloxone | 0a
| single | Management of convulsions is impoant and can be treated by lorazepam or diazepam. If benzodiazepines are ineffective, sho acting barbiturate can be administered. Intractable convulsions may need muscle relaxants such as pancuronium. REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION;PAGE NO 353 | Forensic Medicine | Poisoning | [
"naloxone",
"fomepizole"
] | 49,369 |
294786c1-df91-4745-89c2-63499aef7ecf | Orally active hormone is | TSH | Thyroxine | GH | Prolactin | 1b
| multi | Levothyroxine is an orally active hormone- T4 given daily on empty stomach in doses of 12.5, 25, 50,75 or 100 mcg depending on the clinical condition of hypothyroidism REF KD Tripathi 8th ed | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | [
"thyroxine"
] | 49,388 |
b00c2bd0-63a9-4b02-8be3-9997c46979cf | TADALAFIL false is ? | It is longest acting phosphodiesterase inhibitor | It cannot be used for the treatment of PAH | It is used in erectile dysfunction | Its half life is 17-5 hours | 1b
| multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., It cannot be used for the treatment of PAH Tadalafil is the longest acting phosphodiesterase inhibitor used for erectile dysfunction. Its half life is 17.5 hours. It can be used as once-daily phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of pulmonary aerial hypeension (PAH). | Pharmacology | null | [
"tadalafil"
] | 49,389 |
a14fb06d-8b86-4c25-b6e5-52db426a04d6 | All of the following drug inhibit the cell wall synthesis except: | Penicillin | Fosfomycin | Vancomycin | Tetracycline | 3d
| multi | Ans. D. TetracyclineDrugs inhibiting the cell wall synthesis- beta lactam, bacitracin, vancomycin, cycloserine, Fosfomycin. Tetracycline acts via protein synthesis inhibition. | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | [
"tetracycline",
"vancomycin"
] | 49,394 |
7e20471d-8638-45e4-949b-584f72b147c3 | Tadalafil acts on Phosphodiesterase 5 and causes accumulation of- | cAMP | cGMP | PAF | IL10 | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b'i.e., cGMP o Inhibition of PDE-5 prevents degradation of cGMP which results in accumulation of cGMP and marked potentiation of NO action - Relaxation of smooth muscle in corpus cavemosum and blood vessels supplying it - Erection of penis,o Drugs are : -SiledenafilTodafilVardenafil | Pharmacology | Asthma | [
"tadalafil"
] | 49,399 |
a2a98a90-f4bb-4a8c-aa65-348ffa4c8f63 | Which of the following is not given in the treatment of cyanotic spells in a patient of TOF? | Phenylephrine | Propranolol | Calcium chloride | Sodium bicarbonate | 2c
| single | Ans. c. Calcium chloride (Ref: Ghai 7/e p410; Myong K. Park 5/e p238)Calcium chloride is not given in the treatment of cyanotic spells in a patient of TOF.Management of Anoxic Spells in Tetralogy of FallotKnee chest positionHumidified oxygenMorphineQ 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg SCObtain venous pH; sodium bicarbonateQ 1-3 ml/kg (diluated) IVPropranolol 0.1 mg/kg/IV (during spell)Q; 0.5-1 mg/kg/6 hourly orally (alternatives: metoprolol, esmoiol)Vasopressors: Methoxamine (Vasoxy1) IM or IV drip (Phenylephrine is a vasopressor)QCorrect anemiaConsider surgeryTetralogy of FallotCommonest congenital cyanotic congenital heart diseaseQ in children above the age of 2 years constituting almost 75 percent of all blue patients.Hemodynamics:Physiologically the pulmonary stenosis causes concentric right ventricular hypertrophy without cardiac enlargementQ and an increase in right ventricular pressure.Severity of cyanosis is directly proportional to the severity of pulmonic stenosis, but the intensity of the systolic murmur is inversely proportional to the severity of pulmonic stenosisQ.Since the right ventricle is e.ffectively decompressed by the ventricular septal defect, congestive failure never occurs in TOFQ.The late and soft P2 is generally inaudible in TOF. The S2 is therefore single and the audible sound is A2.On auscultation, the diastolic interval is completely clear in TOF as there is no third or fourth sound or diastolic murmur.Clinical Features:MC symptoms are dyspnoea on exertion and exercise intoleranceQ.Squatting is not specific for TOF, TOF is the commonest congenital lesion in which squatting is notedQ.Characteristic features:Normal sized heart with upturned apexQ (suggestive of RVH)Absence of main pulmonary artery segment gives it the shape described as 'Cor-en Sabot'Q Pulmonary fields are oligaemicQAortic-mitral valve continuity is maintainedQ.Complications:Anemia, infective endocarditis, venous thrombosisParadoxical embolism, hemiplegia, brain abscessQTreatment:Medical management for anemia and management of complications.Palliative operations in TOF1. Blalock-Taussig shunt: Subclavian artery-pulmonary artery anastomosisQ.2. Potts shunt: Descending aorta is anastomosed to pulmonary arteryQ.3. Waterston's shunt: Ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosisQ.Definitive operations: Closing the VSD and resecting the infundibular obstructionQ.Fallot'sTrilogyTetralogyPentalogy* Pulmonary stenosisQ* Atrial septal defectQ* Right ventricular hypertrophQ* Pulmonary stenosisQ* Ventricular septal defectQ* Right ventricular hypertrophyQ* Ovemding or dextroposed aortaQ.* Tetralogy of Fallot + ASDQ or patent foramen ovaleQ | Pediatrics | Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease | [
"propranolol",
"phenylephrine"
] | 49,410 |
57c8d24e-6195-4890-bc94-7c746d4bd7b6 | An infant had a high-grade fever and respiratory distress at the time of presentation to the emergency room. The sample collected for blood culture was subsequently positive showing growth of alpha haemolytic colonies. On Gram staining, these were gram positive cocci. In the screening test for identification, the suspected pathogen is likely to be susceptible to the following agent: | Bactiracin | Novobiocin | Optochin | Oxacillin | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Optochin Respiratory tract infection in an infant, together with the presence of alpha hemolytic gram-positive cocci suggests the presence of Streptococcus pneumonia The sensitivity of pneumococci to optochin is useful in differentiating it from other alpha hemolytic streptococci. Streptococcus pneumoniae is susceptible to optochin while other alpha hemolytic streptococci are not sensitive to optochin. If the diagnosis is still not certain, streptococcus pneumococci can be diagnosed by its bile solubility. Also know Classification of Streptococci and Enterococci Hemolytic reaction Lancefield group Species A Streptococcus pyogenes B Streptococcus agalactiae Beta C S. dysgalactia subspecies D Enterococcus species Small colony variants of A, C, F, G or ungroupable Anginosus group D Enterococcus species D Streptococcus bovis Alpha or Gamma Small colony variants of A, C, F, Anginosus group G or ungroupable None Streptococcus pneumoniae None Viridans streptococci | Unknown | null | [
"novobiocin"
] | 49,411 |
c2e97b61-d0ca-4391-89c4-d8b08f1355e5 | Which of the following drugs is not a pa of the &;Triple Therapy&; immunosuppression for post-renal transplant patients? | Cyclosporine | Azathioprine | FK 506 | Prednisolone | 2c
| single | Initial therapy is the treatment given to all recipients (except where the donor is an identical twin) for 0-3 months after transplantation. Initial therapy is usually 'triple therapy', in which a calcineurin inhibitor (traditionally ciclosporin) is used as the 'primary agent'in combination with a coicosteroid (prednisolone) and azathioprine. Calcineurin inhibitor with anti-proliferative agent alone or with steroids alone(DUAL THERAPY) REF.Bailey and Love 27e pg 1540. | Surgery | General surgery | [
"azathioprine",
"cyclosporine",
"prednisolone"
] | 49,428 |
1992c62c-7b55-4f29-bfa7-46d1bfc22c33 | Naltrexone is used for: | Cocaine | Alcohol dependence | Anorexia | Cannabis toxicity | 1b
| single | Ans. B. Alcohol dependenceExplanationNaltrexone is a opioid receptor antagonist used to reduce or eliminate the subjective high associated with consumption of opioid and alcohol.It is approved by US FDA for alcohol dependence and for blockade of effects of exogenously administered opioids. | Psychiatry | Substance Abuse | [
"naltrexone"
] | 49,438 |
0d3f706c-ecbd-456d-a07f-04877090b001 | A 35-year-old smoker is involved in a house fire and receives a 45% total surface area burn. One half of the burned surface appears to be third degree. On the third post-burn day, the patient is noted to have bloody drainage from a nasogastric tube and a decrease of 5% in his hematocrit. Appropriate management should include which of the following? | Urgent upper gastrointestinal contrast study to delineate site of bleeding | Immediate selective aeriography the left gastric aery to diagnose and treat presumed stress ulceration | Urgent esophagogastroduodenoscopy to diagnosis the cause of bleeding | Urgent intravenous infusion of vasopressin at 0.2-0.4 IU/min | 2c
| single | Patients who have sustained a major thermal burn of 35% or more of their body surface area are at a predictably high risk for the development of gastric erosions and hemorrhage. Endoscopy has demonstrated that gastric erosions are present in 93% of these patients, whereas the occurrence of severe acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in severely burned patients ranges between 25% to 50%. At least 60% of patients at risk develop stress erosions within 1 to 2 days after the precipitating event. Painless upper gastrointestinal bleeding may be the only clinical sign. The onset of hemorrhage is often delayed, usually occurring 3 to 10 days after the onset of the primary disease. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the diagnostic modality of choice to confirm the diagnosis and to differentiate stress erosion from other sources of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Correct identification of the bleeding source is made in greater than 90% of instances. If endoscopy is not diagnostic, visceral angiography through selective catheterization of the left gastric or splenic vessels may provide information regarding the primary vessel supplying the bleeding site. In contrast, barium examinations are usually of little value, due to the superficial nature of stress erosions, and in fact may be detrimental by interfering with the interpretation of subsequent aeriography. | Surgery | Stomach & Duodenum | [
"vasopressin"
] | 49,440 |
4acdbe72-d0b1-455b-b136-d4edc37dffaa | Drug used in uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal? | Diazepam | Clonidine | Propanalol | Methadone | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Diazepam Medications used in Alcohol WithdrawlThe important point to emphasize about the treatment of Alcohol Withdrawl is that it is caused by the removal of a CNS depressant i.e. AlcoholSo the Withdrawl symptoms can be initially controlled by replacing alcohol with any other C.N.S. depressant drug and subsequently the dose of the C.N.S. depressant can be tapered.Most of the C.N.S. depressant drugs are effective but benzodiazepines have the highest margin of safety and lowest cost and are therefore the preferred class of drugs.Most clinicians use long acting benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide or diazepam because short acting benzodiazepines can produce rapidly changing blood levels.Enough dose of chlordiazepoxide is administered on day one to alleviate symptoms and then the dose is gradually decreased.Also knowT/T of patients with delirium tremens in Alcoholic WithdrawlThe important point to consider about delirium tremens is that the course is likely to continue for 3-5 days.High doses of benzodiazepines are used.Sometimes antipsychotic medications such as haloperidol, ziprasidone or olanzapine have been used.T/T of patients with alcohol Withdrawl seizuresBenzodiazepines are used.Use of anticonvulsants is not indicated.Drugs used in Rehabilitation of Alcoholics:NaltrexoneIt is a opioid-antagonistic drug.It decreases the feeling of pleasure on ingestion of Alcohol.AcamprosateIt inhibits NMDA receptors.DisulfiramIt is an ALDH inhibitor.It produces an unpleasant reaction in the presence of alcohol.Drinking alcohol while taking disulfiram produces a reaction involving an increased pulse changes in blood pressure, vomiting and diarrhoea. | Pharmacology | C.N.S | [
"methadone",
"diazepam",
"clonidine"
] | 49,453 |
3d7441d9-de76-4377-a95c-f1ef7a206b02 | Haemolysis in G6PD (glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase) enzyme deficiency may occur with all of the following drugs except: | Primaquine | Phenacetin | Probenecid | Penicillin | 3d
| multi | Ans. (d) Penicillin(Ref: Robbins 9th ed. Pg. 644-645)Penicillin causes hemolysis by mechanism of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and not G6PD deficiency mediated. | Pathology | Misc. (R.B.C) | [
"probenecid"
] | 49,475 |
4f6bf9ee-cee2-44be-b444-3bd4a6425aa4 | All of the following must be done for management of patient with the following ECG, except? | CPR for 60-90 seconds | Epinephrine | Vasopressin | Soda bicarbonate | 3d
| multi | Ans. (d) Soda bicarbonate.* The rhythm strip shows a chaotic activity of ventricular fibrillation.* CPR for 60-90 seconds should be given with chest compressions times per minute if delay > 5 minutes on reaching the patient.* Epinephrine is given to improve coronary perfusion and reduce hypoxia which is responsible for development of ventricular fibrillation.* Vasopressin improves cerebral perfusion.* Soda bicarbonate is mentioned in current edition as not indicated for routine usage. | Medicine | Arrhythmias | [
"epinephrine",
"vasopressin"
] | 49,479 |
83c2b200-d87a-4bbe-a367-5eed5aa9d3d9 | Longest acting muscle relaxant is? | Atracurium | Vecuronium | Doxacurium | Rocuronium | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Doxacurium Amongst the given options doxacurium is longest acting (Duration of action 90-120 minutes). Rocuronium (duration of action 30-60 minutes), Atracurium (duration of action 30-60 minutes) and vecuronium (duration of action 60-90 minutes) have shoer duration of action than doxacurium. | Pharmacology | null | [
"atracurium",
"vecuronium",
"rocuronium"
] | 49,484 |
6c15362a-7680-4586-95bb-92a53ccb974c | Which one of the following acts commonly both on parasympathetic and sympathetic division ? | Atropine | Pilocarpine | Acetylcholine | Adrenaline | 2c
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"pilocarpine",
"atropine"
] | 49,488 |
15109a1e-ed23-4af7-ac1f-6a11c52211c3 | Most potent antiemitic agent used in preoperative period | Glycopyrolate | Hyoscine | Atropine | Metochlorpromide | 3d
| single | D i.e. Metochlopromide Metochlopramide increases lower esophageal sphinter tone, speeds gastric emptying & lowers gastric fluid volume & decreases risk for aspiration pneumonia due to antiemetic effect | Anaesthesia | null | [
"atropine"
] | 49,506 |
5e587769-1313-4e62-bbaf-7833d96d725b | A child presents with infective skin lesion of the leg. Gram stain from the specimen shows pus cells with gram+ve cocci in chains and culture is done which shows hemolytic colonies. The test to confirm the organism is - | Bile solubility | Optochin sensitivity | Bacitracin sensitivity | Catalase positive | 2c
| single | * Infective skin lesion with gram positive cocci in chains and hemolytic colonies suggest infection of Streptococcus pyogenes. Option 1, 2 Pneumococcus: Bile solubility Positive (Bile soluble) Optochin sensitivity Option 3 Streptococcus Pyogenes Transpo medium: Pike's medium Direct smear microscopy: Pus cells with gram-positive cocci in sho chains Culture: Blood agar: Pinpoint colony with a wide zone of b-hemolysis Selective media: Crystal violet blood agar and PNF (polymyxin B, neomycin, fusidic acid) media Liquid media: Granular turbidity with powdery deposit Biochemical: Catalase negative, Bacitracin sensitive (Maxted's observation) Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR) test is positive. Option 4 Catalase +ve: Staphylococcus spp. Catalase -ve: Streptococcus spp. | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology Pa 1 (Gram Positive Cocci, Gram Negative Cocci) | [
"bacitracin"
] | 49,512 |
9b425f04-f5a8-458a-94b1-d970126899bc | Which of the following is not related to kala azar? | Pancytopenia | Oral miltefosine | Hyperpigmentation | Tropical splenomegaly syndrome | 3d
| single | - Tropical splenomegaly syndrome is now known as Hyperreactive malarial syndrome (HMS) is prevalent in native residents of regions where malaria is endemic.Patients with HMS have high levels of antibody for Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, or Plasmodium ovale. - Presentation of Kala Azar -fever, chills and spleen progressively becomes greatly enlarged, and bone marrow damage leads to pancytopenia. The liver is somewhat enlarged, and generalized lymphadenopathy may occur. Hyperpigmentation of skin can be seen, leading to the name Kala Azar. Oral miltefosine can be used for treatment.(Liposomal Amphotericin B is preferred) | Medicine | parasitic infection | [
"miltefosine"
] | 49,519 |
cae1d27d-60bf-4e06-9dce-04ae5ee221f2 | Least teratogenic antiepileptic drug in pregnancy is; | Valproate | Phenytoin | Carbamazepine | Levetiracetam | 3d
| single | Anti-epileptic with highest risk of teratogenicity - Valproate - causes neural tube defects Anti-epileptic with lowest risk of teratogenicity- Lamotrigine >Levetiracetam | Pharmacology | FMGE 2019 | [
"valproate",
"carbamazepine",
"phenytoin"
] | 49,526 |
daddeef9-f43c-46b7-8b30-4b7547be0ab9 | True statement about dezocine is: | It is slower acting than morphine | It is less potent than morphine | It acts GABA receptors | It doesn't increase histamine release | 3d
| multi | Ref: Goodman and Gilman 10/e p602 *Dezocine is slightly more potent and faster acting opioid than morphine with a similar duration of action. It is a paial agonist antagonist opioid. *It is active at u receptors and side effect are similar to those of morphine. *Dezocine doesn't increase plasma histamine and produces less hypotension than morphine or pentazocine. *Dezocine is effective for moderate to severe pain but can cause myocardial depression. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | [
"morphine"
] | 49,532 |
4b6f124b-fa88-4f14-a4a6-124dcdc47551 | The following drugs can produce ototoxicity except : | Ethacrynic acid | Aztreonam | Gentamicin | Frusemide | 1b
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"gentamicin"
] | 49,539 |
a762ea03-7e3d-42cd-906a-d0360a157ceb | The most impoant channel of elimination of digoxin is: | Glomerular filtration | Tubular secretion | Hepatic metabolism | Excretion in bile | 0a
| single | Digoxin is primarily eliminated unchanged by glomerular filtration Digitoxin is eliminated by hepatic metabolism. | Pharmacology | CHF, Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction | [
"digoxin"
] | 49,546 |
7f6c304d-b573-43ec-9895-f56cc42ce5bf | A 7 - year - old boy underwent neurosurgery for craniopharyngioma following which pituitary functions were lost. Which of the following hormone should be replaced first? | Hydrocortisone | Thyroxine | Growth hormone | Prolactin | 0a
| single | Hydrocortisone, followed by GH is vital to be given in a child with lost pituitary function. | Pediatrics | null | [
"thyroxine"
] | 49,547 |
aa51643c-0006-4001-9dcf-6c2f9ab56f85 | If a patient starts getting convulsions following the use of Lignocaine as local anaesthetic, the Drug of choice for the control of convulsions would be | Diazepam | Chlorpromazine | Scoline | Any | 0a
| single | (A) Diazepam > If a patient starts getting convulsions following the use of Lignocaine as local anaesthetic, the Drug of choice for the cortrol of convulsions is the> diazepam# DIAZEPAM> Relatively lipid soluble, water insoluble; crosses placenta.> Should be administered orally or i.v. as i.v. route is slow, incomplete, erratic.> Elimination half life 20-40 hours. (Enterohepatic recirculation),> Its metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam is pharmacologically active with half life of 100 hours; Age tends to reduce clearance of Diazepam> Complications of Diazepam: i.v. Injection causes high incidence of thrombophlebitis and pain. | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous | [
"chlorpromazine",
"diazepam"
] | 49,550 |
c1fc3549-62b2-479b-95f5-1b96fe2cd5a8 | Which of the following is most likely to be used in a young child with chronic renal insufficiency? | Cyanocobalamin | Desferrioxamine | Erythropoietin | Filgrastim (G-CSF) | 2c
| single | Erythropoietin is produced by kidneys, in CRF production of erythropoietin is reduced and we need to supplement it from outside. Preprations used in CRF are Epoietin, Darbopoietin, Peginesatide. Its also used in anaemia due to myelosuppressive Drugs(zidovudine)and cancer chemotherapy. Cyanocobalamine is used in treatment of megaloblastic aneamia Desferroxamine(S.C.) is used as an antidote of acute iron poisoning Filgrastim is (G-CSF) used in neutropenia due to anticancer drugs | Pharmacology | Hematology | [
"erythropoietin"
] | 49,558 |
8721015a-52df-4f7c-94ac-adb513fe2c24 | Beta blocker with membrane stabilizing propey are all except ? | Acebutolol | Betaxolol | Carvedilol | Bevantolol | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bevantolol | Pharmacology | null | [
"acebutolol",
"carvedilol"
] | 49,562 |
ca55caf4-d18e-4a37-8c53-48f340334994 | OCP's are C/I in pts receiving: | Rifampicin | Ethambutol | Streptomycin | Pyrazinamide | 0a
| single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"ethambutol"
] | 49,566 |
c303caf7-3503-4c9d-839b-05aa0a62c4bc | Which among the following anti-HIV drugs is an inhibitor of viral fusion? | Enfuvirtide | Nelfinavir | Efavirenz | Etanercept | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"etanercept",
"nelfinavir",
"efavirenz"
] | 49,574 |
c1ec8fe8-e380-41d5-9f6c-2f1d26918c53 | There has been an outbreak of infections caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the surgical intensive care unit. The most effective means of limiting the spread is - | Treatment with cephalosporins to which most strains are sensitive | Treatment with naficillin and gentamicin, which have a synergistic effect | Use of high-dose naficillin alone and isolation | Treatment with glycopeptide | 3d
| single | null | Medicine | null | [
"gentamicin"
] | 49,594 |
98e69aa6-af36-4949-8f3c-4f46aa00e548 | Drug of choice in delirium tremens is | CPZ | Phenytoin | Chlordiazepoxide | Morphine | 2c
| single | The drugs of choice for alcoholic detoxification are usually benzodiazepines. Chlordiazepoxide (80-200 mg/day in divided doses) and diazepam (40-80 mg/day in divided doses) are the most frequently used benzodiazepines. The higher limit of the normal dose range is used in delirium tremens. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.40 | Psychiatry | Substance abuse | [
"morphine",
"chlordiazepoxide",
"phenytoin"
] | 49,596 |
f9b5c9c8-4d50-4638-a4f9-3e8530a3cd9b | Sumatriptan is | 5-HT 1D/1B agonists | 5-HT 1D/1B antagonist | 5-HT 1A agonist, | 5-HT 1A antagonist | 0a
| single | Sumatriptan a 5-HT 1D/1B agonist is used for acute migraine attacks. Buspirone, a 5-HT 1A agonist is an effective nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic. ref - harrisons internal medicine 20e pg3100 | Medicine | C.N.S | [
"sumatriptan"
] | 49,597 |
586d7603-94e2-4d51-992e-ef0425c29277 | Diabetes insipidus treatment includes all EXCEPT: | Metformin | Chlorpropamide | Desmopressin | Carbamazepine | 0a
| multi | (A) Metformin # Desmopressin: Desmopressin acetate is the treatment of choice for central diabetes in insipidus associated with pregnancy or the puerperium, since desmopressin is resistant to degradation by the circulating vasopressinase> It is usually given intranasally (100 pg./mL solution) every 12-24 hours as needed for thirst and polyuria.> It may be administered via metered-dose nasal inhaler containing 0.1 ml/spray or via a plastic calibrated tube.> Patients are started with 0.05-0.1 ml_ every 12-24 hours, and the dose is then individualized according to response. | Medicine | Miscellaneous | [
"desmopressin",
"metformin",
"carbamazepine",
"chlorpropamide"
] | 49,600 |
6b6a22e2-ef59-4d14-b527-d662c4eb6f6a | Insulin secretion increasing drug by acting on beta cells of pancreas is - | Rapaglinide | Metformin | Poiglitazone | Acarbose | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rapaglinide Oral hypoglycemic drugs may be divided into two groups. 1. Group 1 These drugs reduce plasma glucose by stimulating insulin production, therefore called insulin secretogogues. Hypoglycemia is a well known side effect. Examples are: i) Sulfonylureas: first generation (chlorpropamide, tobutamide); second generation (Glimipiride, glyburide, glipizide, gliclazide). ii) Megalitinnide/D-phenylalanine analogues: Nateglinide, Rapaglinide. 2. Group 2 These drugs reduce blood glucose without stimulating insulin production, therefore are insulin nonsecretogogues. These durgs do not cuase hypoglycemia when used alone and can cause hypoglycemia, only when used with other oral hypoglycemics. Examples are: i) Biguanides: Metformin, Phenformin ii) Thiazolidinediones: Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone, Troglitazone. iii) a - glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose, miglital. | Pharmacology | null | [
"metformin",
"acarbose"
] | 49,623 |
481214ac-f5dc-4e75-b333-652ad6ca47c1 | Verapamil is associated with all of the following except ? | Constipation | Bradycardia | Hyperglycemia | Increased PR interval | 2c
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"verapamil"
] | 49,627 |
f8a62f00-ffcf-46f2-bd43-4b42d4e4eb00 | Treatment of choice for lichen planus ? | Topical coicosteroids | Systemic coicosteroids | Antihistaminics | Acitretin | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Topical coicosteroids Treatment of Lichen planus The first line treatment of lichen planus are topical coicosteroids. Second choice would be systemic coicosteroids for symptom control and possibly more rapid resolution. Oral antihistaminics are given for pruritic. PUVA can be used for extensive lesions. Acitretin can be used for mucosal lesions. | Skin | null | [
"acitretin"
] | 49,629 |
be267362-2a3d-4582-9d34-74c5ecc7d5ff | A 70 year old male patient presented to the emergency depament with pain in epigastrium and difficulty in breathing for 6 hours. On examination, his hea rate was chest examination was normal. The patient has been taking omeprazole for gastresophageal reflux disease for last 6 months. What should be the intial investigation : | An ECG | An upper GI endoscopy | Urgent ultrasound of the abdomen | An x-ray chest | 0a
| single | Answer is A (An ECG) The patient in question may well be suffering from an acute myocardial infarction. An ECG to exculde an acute MI should be the initial Investigation. `Presence of Epigastric pain in association with breathlessness and evidence of parasympathetic overactivity (bradycardia and hypotension) suggests the diagnosis of an acute (inferior) MI.' ECG therefore should be done as an initial investigation to exclude / confirm a diagnosis of acute MI.' The following lines from Harrison give away the answer to the question : 'Typically the pain involves the central poion of chest and / or epigastrum'. 'The frequent location of the pain beneath the xiphoid and patients denial that they may be suffering a hea attack are chiefly responsible for the common mistaken impression of indigestion. In the elderly, MI may present with sudden onset breathlessness. Although many patients have a normal pulse and blood pressure about one fouh of patients with anterior infarction have manifestations of sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity (tachycardia and / or hypeension) and upto one half with inferior infarction show evidence of parasympathetic hyperactivity (bradycardia and /or hypotension). | Medicine | null | [
"omeprazole"
] | 49,637 |
aa2dcc50-96ee-4442-bbee-a09de2dfbc77 | True statement/ s regarding sevoflurane are all except | Ideal agent for pediatric anaesthesia | Can interact with sodalime and forms compound A | Can be used safely in malignant hyperpyrexia | Causes tachycardia | 2c
| multi | All potent inhalational agents are contraindicated in malignant hypehermia. It has sweet smell so very useful in pediatrics for induction. Sevoflurane reacts with strong bases like sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide present in soda lime and baralyme leading to the formation of a haloalkene (fluoromethyl-2,2-difluoro-1- vinyl ether), known as compound A. Compound A has the potential to cause proximal tubular necrosis. | Anaesthesia | Inhalational Anesthetic Agents | [
"sevoflurane"
] | 49,668 |
7a5792e2-4dce-4b5a-a27d-daf579a1530a | Physiologically most active form of Vitamin D is | Calciferol | Calcitriol | Ergocalciferol | Cholecalciferol | 1b
| multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | [
"calcitriol",
"ergocalciferol"
] | 49,677 |
722e561e-58f7-4150-ac13-b5a34563e03e | 3 ml of LA solution contains 2% lignocaine with 1:100000 epinephrine how many milligrams of each are present in the solution? | 6mg lidocaine, 0.3mg epinephrine | 60 mg lidocaine, 0.03 mg epinephrine | 6 mg lidocaine, 0.03 mg epinephrine | 600 mg lidocaine, 0.3 mg epinephrine | 1b
| single | Learn the following facts, and you can solve all numerical of LA.
% (per cent--'cent' means 100) means g/100ml, so 2% lignocaine means 2g/100ml, or 2000mg/100ml of solution = 20mg/ml.
1 cartridge contains around 2 ml solution.
Thus, 3 ml contains 60mg lidocaine.
1 in 1 lakh adrenaline means 1g in 1 lakh ml or 1000mg Adr in 1,00,000 ml solution = 1000/100000 = 0.01mg/ml
Thus, 3ml contains 0.03mg adrenaline.
To know:
Safe dose of LA (with or without Adr) = 7mg/kg body weight.
Safe dose of Adr in healthy patient = 0.2 mg
Safe dose of Adr in cardiac patient = 0.04 mg | Surgery | null | [
"epinephrine",
"lidocaine"
] | 49,679 |
7cd71d0e-e5ea-48a4-bd2c-0ae2e7390c0e | A fungicidal drug that can be used orally for the treatment of onychomycosis is: | Griseofulvin | Amphotericin B | Clotrimazole | Terbinafine | 3d
| multi | Fungicidal drugs are amphotericin B and terbinafine. Out of these, amphotericin B cannot be given orally. Thus, the answer is terbinafine. | Pharmacology | Anti-Fungal Drugs | [
"clotrimazole",
"terbinafine",
"griseofulvin"
] | 49,680 |
dfcc91d2-653b-4105-bdcb-b939834a8f49 | Most emetogenic drug is aEUR' | Cisplatin | Carboplatin | High dose cyclophosphamide | High dose methotrexate | 0a
| single | Cisplatin; 'c' i.e., High dose cyclophosphamide The most common side effect of chemotherapy administration is nausea and vomiting. Antineoplastic agents may vary in their capacity to cause nausea and vomiting. | Pharmacology | null | [
"carboplatin",
"methotrexate",
"cyclophosphamide",
"cisplatin"
] | 49,685 |
bb29cb43-a91e-486a-9a0b-a530a18a3208 | Which of the following antiepileptic is also a free radical scavenger? | Levetiracetam | Topiramate | Zonisamide | Gabapentin | 2c
| single | Zonisamide is a Na+ channel blocker & also a free radical scavenger. | Pharmacology | null | [
"zonisamide",
"topiramate",
"gabapentin"
] | 49,693 |
c5dff84a-ae1f-41b8-aabf-2e5a9ded6dcd | Therapeutic level of phenytoin is: | 0-9 mu g/ml | 10-19 mu g/ml | 20-29 mu g/ml | 30-39 mu g/ml | 1b
| single | Ref: Katzung 11/e p404 The therapeutic level of phenytoin is 10-20 micro g/ml. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | [
"phenytoin"
] | 49,695 |
db423e02-c694-43ac-a813-edf44c44fb00 | Digoxin is useful in - | Atrial fibrillation in thyrotoxicosis | Complete hea-block with CHF | Ventricular tachycardia | Myocarditis | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Complete hea-block with CHF Digitalis has depressant action on AV node -4 it delayes the conduction through AV node by increased ERP. If paial block is present, digitals may conve it into complete block. But, if complete block is already present, digitalis cannot worsen the condition (as conduction is blocked to maximum block, i.e., complete hea block). So, in this condition digitalis can be used for hea failure. About other options In thyrotoxicosis and myocarditis there is reduced responsiveness and patient becomes more prone for digitalis induced arrhythmias. Digitalis is contraindicated in ventricular tachycardia as ventricular fibrillation may be precipitated. | Pharmacology | null | [
"digoxin"
] | 49,696 |
ea7c2283-12ac-43fc-a350-5031be31dd79 | Receptors are located in the nucleus for all the following except | Insulin | Vitamin D | Thyroxine | Vitamin A | 0a
| multi | Insulin receptors are enzyme-linked tyrosine kinase receptors on cell surface. nuclear or cytosolic receptors include steroid hormone,vit A, vit D, thyroid hormones Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed Pg 66 | Pharmacology | General pharmacology | [
"thyroxine"
] | 49,738 |
9188da13-58d7-43af-8798-71188571e982 | Which of the following neurotransmitter is MOST impoant for the induction of REM sleep? | Acetylcholine | Dopamine | Epinephrine | Norepinephrine | 0a
| single | Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of primary impoance for the induction of REM sleep. Some of the other neurotransmitters do function in sleep, but REM sleep can occur in their absence. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter with a role in voluntary movement, mood, cognition, and regulation of prolactin release. Epinephrine is impoant in sympathetic nervous system responses. It is also a CNS neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is impoant in sympathetic nervous system responses. It is also a CNS neurotransmitter involved in attention, arousal, and mood. | Physiology | null | [
"epinephrine"
] | 49,798 |
7699073c-5125-42ca-b7d7-6003ef55840b | Relaxation of mesangial cells of kidney is brought about by ? | cAMP | Endothelin | PGF2 | Vasopressin | 0a
| single | A i.e. C-Amp | Physiology | null | [
"vasopressin"
] | 49,845 |
a252fd6c-1926-4188-bd46-444bbd3cfc0e | Least toxic organiophosphorus compound is - | DDT | Paris green | Malathion | Parathion | 2c
| single | Malathion has the least toxicity of all organophosphorus compounds. Yellow/clear brown liquid used in dose of 100-200 mg.per.sq.ft. every 3 months because of its low toxicity, malathion has been recommended as an alternative insecticide to DDT. as a low volume spray (ULV) spray it has been widely used to kill adult mosquitoes to prevent or interrupt dengue hemorrhagic fever and mosquitoes borne encephalitis epidemics. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg 844 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health | [
"malathion"
] | 49,853 |
d81d4529-76c2-4874-ac65-b9d600a47db7 | Drugs used in emergency contraception are all except : | Levonorgestrel | Estrogen + progesterone | Danazol | Mifepristone | 2c
| multi | Danazol is not used as an emergency contraceptive. It is used in the medical treatment of endometriosis. OXFORD HANDBOOK OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY THIRD EDITION PAGE NO 587 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraception | [
"danazol",
"mifepristone"
] | 49,858 |
4f7fcb3e-9985-4d0c-9269-ec2b362c4aa1 | Not true regarding atropine | Used as an eye ointment | Used in refraction in less than 5 yr of children | Fast action | Experimentally used in treatment of myopia | 2c
| multi | Atropine is slow acting and not fast acting ATROPINE( antimuscranic) causes cycloplegia as ciliary muscles are supplied by Parasympthetic sytem sho ciliary nerve , branch of 3rd cranial nerve Used as eye ointment Children < 5 yr, Children with Squint slow action Three times for 3 days Peak Effect- 3 Days Complete cycloplegia, but less potent mydriasis Retinoscopy - 3 Days PMT - 14 Days Tonus - 1 D experimentally used in treatment of myopia. Homatropine=> 5 yr | Ophthalmology | Optics and Errors of Refraction | [
"atropine"
] | 49,872 |
fb20aad4-6d70-4df5-a709-9ea14d0d5fe8 | Which of the following is the most potent H2 blocker used in peptic ulcer disease | Cimetidine | Famotidine | Ranitidine | Nizatidine | 1b
| single | Famotidine is the most potent H2 blocker. | Pharmacology | null | [
"cimetidine",
"ranitidine",
"famotidine"
] | 49,875 |
0c1200c7-dba3-40f4-a5d6-af03e75e26c5 | A 32yr old patient came to the Gyne. OPD with complains of bleeding per vaginum . Bleeding was for a prolonged period of time than her usual number of days in her regular menses. There was no significant finding on examination. On fuher examination, she told that she was on warfarin therapy for past 1 yr. And also told that she took some medication recently before the symptoms appear. Which of the following drug is not responsible for the condition ? | Clarithromycin | Sulphonamide | Ciprofloxacin | Carbamazepine | 3d
| single | These are those drugs which inhibit cyt 450 and increase the half life of warfarin resulting in increased bleeding.sulphonamides don't allow degradation of warfarin : Increased bleeding, but carbamazepine is enzyme inducer and hence not responsible for the condition and decreases the half life of warfarin leading to decreased activity. Must know table: | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics | [
"ciprofloxacin",
"clarithromycin",
"carbamazepine",
"warfarin"
] | 49,881 |
fa7c8e37-26ac-4e8e-baa6-0478f4bc328d | All of the following are true regarding sumatriptan except: September 2009 | 99% oral bioavailability | Contraindicated in coronary aery disease | Constricts cranial vessels | Selective 5-HT 1B/1D receptor agonist | 0a
| multi | Ans. A: 99% oral bioavailability Sumatriptan is structurally similar to serotonin, and is a selective 5-HT 1B/1D receptor agonist. The specific receptor subtypes it activates are present on the cranial aeries and veins. Acting as an agonist at these receptors, Sumatriptan reduces the vascular inflammation associated with migraine. It causes constriction of dilated cranial extracerebral blood vessels, especially the aerio-venous shunts in the carotid aery. Dilatation of these shunt vessels during migraine attack is believed to dive blood flow away from the brain parenchyma. Sumatriptan is administered in several forms; tablets, subcutaneous injection, and nasal spray. Oral administration (as succinate) suffers from poor bioavailability, paly due to presystemic metabolism -- some of it gets broken down in the stomach and bloodstream before it reaches the target aeries. Sumatriptan is metabolised primarily by monoamine oxidase A into an indole acetic acid analogue, pa of which is fuher conjugated with glucuronic acid. These metabolites are excreted in the urine and bile. Large doses of sumatriptan (200 mg/ day) can cause sulfhemoglobinemia, a rare condition in which the blood changes from red to greenish-black, due to the integration of sulfur into the hemoglobin molecule. Serious cardiac events include coronary aery vasospasm, transient myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. | Pharmacology | null | [
"sumatriptan"
] | 49,893 |
53240aa6-90d3-4c41-b9c6-c6c450de85ba | Which of the following anti TNF-a agents binds to both soluble and transmembrane bound forms of TNF-a? | Etanercept | Infliximab | Adalimumab | Onercept | 1b
| multi | Anti-TNF-ALPHA blockers Initially developed for therapy of rheumatoid ahritis are in advanced trials for psoriasis. 2 main agents are Infliximab-Chimeric human-murine IgG antibody to TNF-ALPHA; Etanercept- Dimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular poion of the human p75 TNF-ALPHA receptor linked to the Fc poion of human IgG1. | Dental | Psoriasis | [
"etanercept",
"infliximab"
] | 49,927 |
f021e521-c09b-4934-b481-9d3683e514ad | Which of the following is the most effective drug against M. leprae ? | Dapsone | Rifampicin | Clofazamine | Prothionamide | 1b
| single | Rifampicin is the only bactericidal drug amongst the anti leprosy drugs & can render Leprosy rapidly non contagious. It acts by inhibiting mycobacterial DNA dependent RNA synthesis. Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology By KD Tripathi, 5th Edition, Pages 700, 709-11, 713. | Pharmacology | null | [
"dapsone"
] | 49,929 |
6df8a1ba-8326-426e-8984-df7e8346c09e | A man is planning to leave Miami (at sea level) and travel to Colorado to climb Mount Wilson (14,500 feet, barometric pressure = 450 mm Hg). Before his trip, he takes acetazolamide. What response would be expected before he makes the trip? | Alkalotic blood | Normal ventilation | Elevated ventilation | Normal aerial blood gases | 2c
| single | Acetazolamide Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor Forces kidneys to excrete bicarbonate, the base form of CO2. This excretion reacidifies the blood, balancing the effects of the hyperventilation that occurs at altitude in an attempt to get O2. Such reacidification acts as a respiratory stimulant, paicularly at night, reducing the periodic breathing pattern common at altitude. This would increase ventilation, resulting in a | pCO2 | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 1 | [
"acetazolamide"
] | 49,932 |
d044bb53-7c7a-47b0-9d31-ce91e142383c | the distention media used in diagnostic hysteroscopy with bipolar couesy is | CO2 | NS | Dextran 70 | Glycine | 1b
| single | ref : gynecology shaw | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam | [
"dextran"
] | 49,934 |
eabfde0d-e1ed-4d13-9129-bb32f8369a97 | Rizatriptan is a drug used for?(DNB 2012-section-1) | Prophylaxis of migraine | Acute migraine | Cluster headache | Chronc migraine | 1b
| single | Ans. (b) Acute migraineRefiHarrison's 18/e, ch 14 | Pharmacology | C.N.S | [
"rizatriptan"
] | 49,941 |
645ba868-1056-409c-b083-9ac52892fee9 | The topical use of following local anesthetic is not recommended? | Ligocaine | Bupivacaine | Cocaine | Dibucaine | 1b
| single | Bupivacine cannot be used as surface anesthetic agent Bupivacine is also contraindicated in regional IV anesthesia or Bier&;s block due to fear of cardiac arrhythmia It can be used in peripheral nerve block, epidural and intrathecal routes | Anaesthesia | Regional anaesthesia | [
"bupivacaine",
"dibucaine"
] | 49,946 |
95ef8688-80cb-426c-b27e-848b448776fb | A 68-year-old woman presents to the clinic with symptoms and signs of CHF. Which of the following is a contraindication to use furosemide? | has hypoalbuminemia | is oliguric | has acidosis | had a rash with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 3d
| single | Furosemide is related to sulfonamide, and severe allergic reactions can occur. Furosemide is effective despite gross electrolyte disturbances or hypoalbuminemia. Excretion of large volumes of bicarbonate-poor urine leads to alkalosis, so an acidosis is not a contradiction in severe fluid and electrolyte depletion; a trial in oliguric states is often appropriate. | Medicine | Miscellaneous | [
"furosemide",
"trimethoprim"
] | 49,950 |
544fb2ff-5f14-4358-8756-049486c3916c | A 25-year-old man with major depression ' discusses the potential benefits and side effects of various antidepressants with his psychiatrist. He clearly indicates that he does not want a medication that could decrease his libido or interfere' with his ability to obtain and maintain an erection. Which of the listed antidepressants would be appropriate for this patient? | Bupropion | Clomipramine | Amitriptyline | Sertraline | 0a
| single | Tricyclic antidepressants such as clomipramine and amitriptyline and SSRIs such as paroxetine and sertraline, as well as MAOIs, can cause erectile dysfunction, delayed ejaculation, anorgasmia, and decreased libido. Buproppion, mirtazapine, trazodone, and nefazodone, in contrast, do not affect sexual functions in a negative way Trazodone and nefazodone, however, have been implicated in cases of priapism and should not therefore be used as first-line medications in male patients. | Unknown | null | [
"sertraline",
"bupropion",
"amitriptyline",
"clomipramine"
] | 49,957 |
86eba6fd-995a-432c-8a6e-ace4f2c2dee9 | Triple therapy of H. pylori include all EXCEPT | Omeprazole | Clarithromycin | Metronidazole | Sucralfate | 3d
| multi | D. i.e. (Sucralfate) (949 -H17th)Recommended Regimens for Helicobacter PyloriRegimen DurationDrug 1Drug 2Drug 3Drug 4First line Treatment* Regimen 1 OCA (7-14 days)OmeprazoleClarithromycinAmoxicilline-* Regimen 2 OCM (7-14 days)OmeprazoleClarithromycinMetronidazole-Second Line Treatment Regimen 3 OBTM (14 days)OmeprazoleBismuth subsalicylateTetracycline HCLMetronidazole* H. pylori carriage peptic ulceration and gastric adenocarcinoma are falling while rates of esophageal reflux disease and its sequelae are increasingImmuno suppressive Drug Therapy in Kidney Transplantation (1353- CSDT)"Triple therapy" using1. Corticosteroid2. Calcineurin inhibitor3. Antimetabolite or a TOR (target or rapamycin) inhibitor | Medicine | G.I.T. | [
"metronidazole",
"clarithromycin",
"omeprazole"
] | 49,965 |
ac2daf7d-7706-4eb5-9c90-84579a777d85 | The antidiabetic agents most likely to cause lactic acidosis is: | Chlorpropamide | Metformin | Glipizide | Phenformin | 3d
| single | Biguanides (phenformin and metformin) increase the insulin action in peripheral tissues and reduce hepatic glucose output due to inhibition of gluconeogenesis. They may decrease plasma glucose by decreasing the intestinal absorption of glucose. They increase the utilization of glucose by enhancing anaerobic glycolysis. Lactic acid is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis. Most of it is extracted by the liver and utilized for gluconeogenesis. Use of phenformin was associated with lactic acidosis and metformin is rarely known to produce this complication. No case of lactic acidosis has been reported with use of sulfonylureas (chlorpropamide and glipizide). | Pharmacology | null | [
"glipizide",
"metformin",
"chlorpropamide"
] | 49,973 |
a57c343f-aa49-49d5-8dc3-26c018701b90 | Muscle relaxant of choice in liver disease is | Atracurium | Pipecuronium | Rocuronium | Vecuronium | 0a
| single | Refer Katzung 11/e p456 Atracurium and cis-Atracurium are degraded spontaneously by Hoffman's elimination These don't require liver or kidney for elimination and thus are muscle relaxant of choice in a patient with renal and hepatic dysfunction | Pharmacology | Anesthesia | [
"atracurium",
"vecuronium",
"rocuronium"
] | 49,984 |
1249e3d7-9b96-4fec-ad46-e4856ad4b2da | A patient with bilirubin value of 8 mgldl and serum creatinine of 1.9 mg/dl is Planned for surgery.What is the muscle relaxant of choice in this patient- | vecuronium | Pancuronium | Atracurium | Rocuronium | 2c
| single | Atracurium is the drug of choice in liver and renal dysfunction . It is eliminated by Hoffman's degradation and alkaline Ester hydrolysis. | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants | [
"vecuronium",
"rocuronium",
"atracurium",
"pancuronium"
] | 50,000 |
30bfbb4d-f6b0-484b-b322-a999d86a4871 | Sildenafil's mechanism of action can be best described as: | β–adrenoceptor blocking agent | Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 | Inhibits reuptake of both serotonin and nor adrenaline | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 1b
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"sildenafil"
] | 50,012 |
32546c99-60f1-4253-9f71-acb1300f9fbb | All have beta lactam ring EXCEPT - | Penicillin | Linezolid | Cefotaxime | Imipenem | 1b
| multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Linezolid beta-lactam antibiotics contain beta-lactam ring. These are penicillins, cephalosporins (e.g. cefotoxime), monobactams (aztreonam) and carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem). | Pharmacology | null | [
"cefotaxime",
"linezolid"
] | 50,035 |
425e581f-4acb-47c8-845f-2c957367a4a7 | A beta-hemolytic bacteria is resistant to vancomycin shows growth in 6.5% of NaCi, is non-bile sensitive. It is likely to be | Streptococcus agalactiae | Streptococcus pneumoniae | Enterococcus | Streptococcus bovis | 2c
| single | Enterococcus posses several distinctive features, they can grow in the presence of 40% bile, 6.5% NaCl, at PH 9.6, at 45degree celsius and in 0.1% methylene blue milk. Strains resistant to penicillin and other antibiotics occur frequently, so it is essential to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing for proper therapy. Enterococci are intrinsically resistant to cephalosporins and offer low resistance to some aminoglycosides; In penicillin sensitive strains, synergism occurs with combination treatment with penicillin and aminoglycosides. However, if the strain shows high-level resistant to aminoglycosides, this synergism does not occur. The choice of drugs for infections due to such strains is vancomycin. Recently vancomycin resistant has begun to emerge. Ref: Textbook of microbiology; Ananthanarayan and paniker's; 10th Edition; Pg:219, 220 | Microbiology | Bacteriology | [
"vancomycin"
] | 50,070 |
748fc2bc-0a75-4b7a-940f-0280d3c55d92 | Monoclonal antibody that neutralizes anthrax toxin | Raxibacumab | Cetuximab | Panitumumab | Alemtuzumab | 0a
| single | Raxibacumab is Intended for the prophylaxis and treatment of inhaled anthrax. | Microbiology | null | [
"cetuximab",
"panitumumab"
] | 50,076 |
1c78e652-b939-41e6-8930-c95c668e3ceb | In post op ward of ICU, five pts developed wound infection on same wound. The best way to prevent MRS A outbreak in indoor pts is: | Give vancomycin to all patients | Fumigation of ward | Disinfect floor with sodium hypochlorite | Practice proper meticulous hand washing | 3d
| multi | Ans is 'd' i.e. practice proper meticulous hand washing "Given the prominence of cross infection, hand washing is the single most important preventive measure in the hospital" - Harrison 15/eHarrison 17/e writes- "Given the prominence of cross-infection, hand hygiene is the single most important preventive measure in hospitals. Use of alcohol hand rubs between patient contacts is now recommended for all health care workers except when the hands are visibly soiled, in which case washing with soap and water is still required.""Expert groups agree that the major focus on MRSA control is the prevention of hand transfer of MRSA "- The Control and Prevention of MRSA in Hospitals and in the CommunityExtensive use of Vancomycin for prophylaxis has been found to lead to Vancomycin resistant Staph, aureus, | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases | [
"vancomycin"
] | 50,092 |
5fc73b60-d22f-4fe2-9982-cea3ec5de2cd | Which of the following drug doesn't act on thyroid- | Propranolol | Propylthiuracil | Sodium iodide | Thiocyanote | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Propranolol Thyroid inhibitorsInhibit hormone synthesis (antithyroid drugs)o Propylthiouracilo Methimazoleo CarbimazoleInhibit iodine trapping (ionic inhibitors)o Thiocyanateso Perchlorateso NitratesInhibit hormone releaseo Iodineo NaIo KIDestroy thyroid tissueo Radioactive iodineo Propranolol inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 and T3 in blood (but it does not act on thyroid gland). | Pharmacology | Anti Thyroid | [
"propranolol"
] | 50,100 |
2b565588-3d5a-4966-b346-3f0a5f088654 | Mifepristone & misoprostol for MTP is allowed till - | 6 weeks | 7 weeks | 9 weeks | 12 weeks | 2c
| multi | Ans. is c i.e., 9 weeks Medical method for first trimester MTP* It is now officially allowed in India up to 9 weeks (63 days) of gestation.* Method: a combination of RU486 followed by PGE1.* Mifepristone, also known as RU-486, is an antiprogesterone compound* It acts preferentially on target cells of the endometrium and deciduas, counteracting the effect of progesterone, which is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy.* It affects the pituitary gonadotropic cells, producing a remarkable decrease of LH secretion, leading to luteolysis.* It causes softening and ripening of the cervix and produces increased contractibility of the myometrium.* It causes a marked increase in sensitivity of the uterus to exogenous PGs.Misoprostol (PGE1)* It acts by (a) enhancing uterine contraction and thus helping expulsion of the products of contraception and (b) causing cervical ripening or priming. It is used orally as tablets and vaginally as a suppository. The success rate of this combination is 96%.* Fewer than 5% of women undergoing medical methods of abortion will need surgical intervention (check curettage) for incomplete abortion.* For the medical abortion up to 9 completed weeks since last menstrual period, mifepristone plus PGs are used; the dosage regimens recommended by the World Health Organization are as follows:* 200 mg mifepristone followed after 36-48 h by 800 mg vaginal misoprostol or 400 pg oral misoprostol | Unknown | null | [
"mifepristone",
"misoprostol"
] | 50,104 |
683b3619-6ee2-4249-8d80-01e06d992461 | Oral contraceptives are not given with: | Streptomycin | Gresiofulvin | Pyraziniamide | Ethambutol | 1b
| single | Griseofulvin is an enzyme inducer which increases the metabolism of the oral contraceptives and thus causes its failure. (Ref.Essentials of medical pharmacology TD Tripathi 7th edition page no.326.) | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | [
"ethambutol"
] | 50,115 |
fa6e9a2e-5251-469b-95bf-42004528e51e | Iron absorption is decreased by all except | Calcium | Tetracycline | Phytate | Ascorbic acid | 3d
| multi | null | Pathology | null | [
"tetracycline"
] | 50,126 |
01c2d260-798e-4f13-8bed-468473f67aae | Which of the following represents an orally available fixed Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor and Antibiotic Combination. | Ampicillin-Sulbactum | Piperacillin-Tazobactum | Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid | Ticarcillin-Clavulanic Acid | 2c
| multi | Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid is the only Beta-Lactamase inhibitor + Antibiotic Combinations that is available for oral administration. Amongst the three most commonly available Beta-Lactamase inhibitor (Clavulanic acid, Sulbactum and Tazobactum), only Clavulanic acid is orally absorbed. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are well absorbed orally and also can be given parenterally. All other beta lactamase fixed dose combinations with antibiotics are available only for parenterally use. Beta-lactamase Inhibitor + Antibiotic Combinations Beta lactamases are antibiotic-inactivating enzymes produced by resistant bacteria that hydrolytically inactivate the Beta-lactam ring of penicillins, Cephalosporins, and related drugs like Carbapenems. Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor + Antibiotic combinations Penicillin-Beta Lactamase: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Ticarcillin-Clavulanate Ampicillin-Sulbactum Piperacillin-Tazobactum Cephalosporin-Beta Lactamase Ceftolozane-tazobactum Ceftazidime-avibactum Carbapenem-Beta Lactamase Meropenem-vaborbactum Imipenem-Relebactum Ref: KDT 7th edition Pgno: 723 | Pharmacology | Antibiotics | [
"ampicillin"
] | 50,129 |
a9fc0795-7f01-462a-ac65-63f99dd7fb90 | Which of the following muscle relaxant can cause pain on IV injection Site | Succinyl choline | Vecuronium | Rocuronium | Pancuronium | 2c
| single | C i.e. Rocuronium - Rocuronium is desacetoxy analog of vecuronium with a low potency (1/6 - 1/8 of vecuronium) and so rapid onset of action (because potency and speed of onset are inversely related). It is the fastest (most rapid) acting nondepolarizing muscle relaxantQ (75 sec), which is slightly slower than depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine only. * Rocuronium injection can cause pain on injection siteQ, which may be decreased by alkalinizing the solution. Other painful injections include etomidate, propofol, methohexital and thiopentalQ. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"vecuronium",
"rocuronium",
"pancuronium"
] | 50,153 |
1b9aeb05-ca65-4543-aca9-2d10c9d7cf3a | False about Aliskiren is: | It is an oral renin inhibitor | It can result in hyperkalemia | It is p-glycoprotein inhibitor | Blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I | 2c
| multi | Aliskiren: MOA: Potent competitive inhibitor of renin. Binds the active site of renin and blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I. Pk: Bioavailability of aliskiren is low but still used orally as it has high affinity and potency. It is a substrate for P- glycoprotein (Not the inhibitor). It can cause hyperkalemia by inhibiting the RAAS through which K+ is removed from the body. It is well tolerated in: Elderly population. Hepatic disease and renal insufficiency patients. Type 2 diabetes patients. | Pharmacology | Hypeension, Arrhythmias, Dyslipidemia | [
"aliskiren"
] | 50,156 |
467e564b-aa59-474e-a051-8924acc0207d | In psoriatic ahritis, if the patient has liver fibrosis, ahropathy can NOT be treated with? | Methotrexate | Anti-TNF-alpha agents | Steroids | Sulfasalazine | 0a
| single | Methotreaxte is absolutely contraindicated in liver fibrois. In case of treatment for long duration liver fibrosis should be assessed by liver biopsy. | Medicine | null | [
"methotrexate",
"sulfasalazine"
] | 50,191 |
e0c53a1d-c7c4-4a32-992d-2f1d9813f7f2 | The most common adverse effect with ticlopidine is? | Neutropenia | Diarrhea | Hemorrhage | Thrombocytopenic purpura | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diarrhea o Common side effects of ticlopidine are diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, tinnitus and skin rash. o Serious adverse effects are neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, bleeding and jaundice. | Pharmacology | null | [
"ticlopidine"
] | 50,198 |
2fc7eb44-aa4c-44bb-a50c-87d045df3eee | Which of the following is a constituent of Cytochrome C reductase? | B1 | B2 | Biotin | Pyridoxine | 1b
| single | RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN B2) Biological Active Forms The biologically active forms, in which riboflavin serves as the prosthetic group (as the coenzyme) of a number of enzymes are the phosphorylated derivatives. Two main derivatives are:FMN (Flavin Mononucleotide): In this, the phosphoric acid is attached to ribityl alcoholic group in position 5. Flavin-Ribityl-PO4FAD (Flavin adenine nucleotide): It may be linked to an adenine nucleotide through a pyrophosphate linkage to form FAD. Flavin-ribityl-P-P-ribose-Adenine Thus, FMN and FAD are two coenzymes of this vitamin. FMN contains in Warburg's yellow enzymeCytochrome-C-reductaseL-amino acid oxidase SECTION TWO (Fp is auto-oxidizable at substrate level by molecular O2 forming H2O2)Ref: MN Chatterjea Textbook of Medical Biochemistry, 8th edition, page no: 180 | Biochemistry | Respiratory chain | [
"biotin"
] | 50,246 |
ac5fbbec-91df-442f-9e68-b5a0b83dccf7 | Doxycycline is used in the treatment of following diseases except: | Leptospirosis | Q fever | Borrelliosis | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Ans. (D) All of the above(Ref: KDT 8/e p788-789)Doxycycline is drug of choice for ricketssial infections including Q fever and for borrelliosis.It can also be used for leptospirosis for which the drug of choice is penicillin G | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles | [
"doxycycline"
] | 50,252 |
10296f16-3600-4fe5-8127-deca32c3bc03 | Antibody in asthma treatment | Rituximab | Transtusuzumab | Omalizumab | Daclizumab | 2c
| single | Omalizumab o Omalizumab is an anti IgE agent approved by the (FDA)
for use in patients age 12 and above with moderate to severe persistent allergic asthma with
: - An IgE level of30-700 lu/ml. Positive allergen skin or specific IgE tests to a perenmial allergen and Incomplete symptom control
with inhaled glucocorticoid treatment. o Omalizumab is administered by “subcutaneous injecon ” every mo to four weeks in a dose that
is determined by- body weights and the level of serum IgE.
o Omalizumab produces 25% reduction in rate of asthma exacerbations.
The response to omalizumab therapy is variable and dif icult to predict with overall response rates in patients with moderate to severe asthma averaging 30-50%.
A minimum of 12 weeks of treatment is necessary to determine the efficacy 1 ofanti-IgE theraphy | Medicine | null | [
"omalizumab",
"rituximab"
] | 50,254 |
302afa03-b4e1-4103-b52f-4a9b9cfa65cd | Which one of the following statements about doxycycline is FALSE? | It is bacteriostatic | It is excreted mainly in the feces | It is more active than tetracycline against H.pylori | It is used in Lyme's disease | 2c
| multi | (Ref: KDT 6/e p637, 710, 712, 713) Doxycycline is a bacteriostatic agent that acts by inhibiting protein synthesis. It is safe in renal failure as it is excreted mainly in feces. Doxycycline is useful in Lyme's disease. Tetracycline (and not doxycycline) is useful in H.pylori therapy. | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"tetracycline",
"doxycycline"
] | 50,259 |
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