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d93b8fa9-f083-4770-ac12-325551bb7bd2 | A healthy 10-year-old boy is visiting friends on a farm during the month of July. He presents with fever, cough, and lower respiratory symptoms (no upper respiratory tract symptoms). He has been ill for 5 days. Auscultatory findings are consistent with pneumonia. Chest radiograph, CECT and peripheral smear examination were done The first line drug for the above condition is: - | Liposomal amphotericin B | lamisil | vfend | sporanox | 0a
| multi | This is a case of acute histoplasmosis. The radiograph shows small, patchy infiltrates with hilar adenopathy. His blood smear shows small, nondescript yeast forms inside monocytic cells. Microconidia are oval and are small enough (2-4 mm) to reach the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. Sholy after infecting the host, mycelia transform into the yeasts that are found inside macrophages and other phagocytes. The yeast forms are characteristically small (2-5 mm), with occasional narrow budding. In the laboratory, mycelia are best grown at room temperature, whereas yeasts are grown at 37degC on enriched media. TREATMENT: - Acute pulmonary, moderate to severe illness: -Lipid AmB Chronic/ cavitatory pulmonary: - Itraconazole Progressive disseminated: - Lipid AmB+ Itraconazole CNS: - Liposomal AmB + Itraconazole | Unknown | Integrated QBank | [
"itraconazole",
"voriconazole",
"terbinafine"
] | 55,617 |
62c6532d-bdce-4fff-babd-0d56284a927a | Therapeutic level of dilantin is | 0-9 mg/ml | 10-19 mg/ml | 20-29 mg/ml | 30-39 mg/ml | 1b
| single | Phenytoin therapeutic plasma concentration is 10-20 mg/ml. Ref: K D Tripati 7th edition Page no 422. Table 30.2 | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | [
"phenytoin"
] | 55,618 |
1102acd9-fd28-45b3-ab41-52d364f89738 | All of the following drugs can precipitate prograf toxicity, except: | Gentamycin | platinol | firvanq | Rifampicn | 3d
| multi | Rifampicin increases the rate of tacrolimus metabolism (Induces CYP4503A) and thereby tends to reduce serum levels of tacrolimus. This may lead to reduced therapeutic efficacy of tacrolimus but not enhanced toxicity. Ref: Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics By Baver, 2nd Edition, Page 687; Essentials of Medical Pharmacology By K D Tripathi, 5th Edition, Pages 681-3; Mechanism of Action of BNP7787, A Novel Chemoprotective Agent By Dakshine Shanmugarajah, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Pages 5-6 | Pharmacology | null | [
"vancomycin",
"tacrolimus",
"cisplatin"
] | 55,632 |
d50b85bb-25a8-4d7b-a90a-423694a67f83 | A patient with suspected poisoning has brownish oral mucosa and tongue, constricted pupil and greenish brown urine, poisoning is with - | Carbolic acid | oramorph | H2SO4 | Cannabis | 0a
| single | Brownish oral mucosa and tongue (due to corrosion), constricted pupil and greenish brown urine is seen in carbolic acid (phenol) poisoning. | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"morphine"
] | 55,634 |
0bdecde4-3c8d-47c8-a759-863cc890ad9a | Which of the following is not a feature of brain death? | Complete apnea | Absent pupillary reflex | Absence deep tendon reflex | Hea rate unresponsive to atropen | 2c
| single | Deep tendon reflexes are of spinal cord origin so they may remain intact, although they are usually absent in a case of brain death. The same applies to Babinski sign. Features of brain death are: Lack of response to internal and external environment Absence of spontaneous breathing movements for 3 minutes, in the absence of hypocarbia and while breathing room air No muscular movements with generalized flaccidity and no evidence of postural activity Falling aerial pressure without suppo by drugs or other means Isoelectric EEG recorded spontaneously and during auditory and tactile stimulation Reflexes and its response: Pupils fixed, dilated and nonreactive Absent corneal reflex Absent supraorbital or other pressure response Absence of snouting or sucking response Absent oculovestibular reflex Absent oculocephalic reflex Absent gag reflex and cough reflex These criteria should be present for at least 2 hours and should be ceified by two physicians other than physician of a potential organ recipient. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 15th Edition, Page 139 ; Bailey and Love's Sho Practice of Surgery, 23rd Edition, Page 135 ; The Transplantation and Replacement of Thoracic Organs By David K. C. Cooper, Page 2 ; Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology By Dr K S Narayan Reddy, 27th Edition, Pages 119-120 | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"atropine"
] | 55,654 |
d4feb5cd-8375-4d44-8207-3b3849513d42 | Why disotate and NaOCl can not be combined | disotate inhibits tissue dissolving property of NaOCl | NaOCl inhibits the chelating action of disotate | Both | None | 0a
| multi | null | Dental | null | [
"edta"
] | 55,657 |
9ff47051-c82a-4cb5-b9cb-07a7e3157a4a | Which one of the following drugs is the most common cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy? | Natalizumab | Cituximab | rituxan | Bevacizumab | 0a
| single | Causes of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy:AIDSHematological malignanciesTransplant recipientsChronic inflammatory diseasesNatalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody(ref:Harrison's 18/e p3427) | Medicine | All India exam | [
"rituximab"
] | 55,667 |
c7be1f89-a2e5-4fa4-8f01-210878b5ab10 | All are true about starting of β-blocker therapy in a case of CHF except - | They should be started with optimal doses | They should be gradually increased over weeks | Special precautions should be taken in cases of NYHA class III and IV | coreg and betaloc are the preferred drugs | 0a
| multi | null | Medicine | null | [
"carvedilol",
"metoprolol"
] | 55,668 |
d079fe40-6a44-46b2-bb33-b301584b5087 | True about brevibloc is: a) It is a cardioselective β–blocker b) It increases airway resistance c) It causes tachycardia d) Its t 1/2 is 4 hrs e) It has negative inotropic activity | de | cd | ae | bc | 2c
| multi | Esmolol is an ultrashort acting β-blocker (t1/2 < 10 min.)
It is inactivated by esterases in blood.
β-blocker decreases heart rate and force of contraction (negative inotropic action).
Beta blockers can precipitate or aggravate CHF.
Selective beta 1 blocker and are less likely to cause bronchoconstriction, thus do not increase airway resistance. | Pharmacology | null | [
"esmolol"
] | 55,681 |
85580af5-f283-44ca-90e4-c83d70951995 | tensilon test is helpful in diagnosing | Marcus gunn jaw winking ptosis | myasthenia gravis | Blepharophismosis syndrome | parkinson's | 1b
| single | Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed pg no: 142 edrophonium is very sho acting which helps in differentiating myasthenia and cholinergic crisis | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | [
"edrophonium"
] | 55,684 |
d88f75cc-e20b-4b0b-9085-cfd8b605dbe9 | Which of the following induction agent causes least respiratory depression?. | seizalam | ketalar | diprivan | Thiopentone | 1b
| single | Ketamine maintains upper airway reflex and causes less depression of respiratory center compared to other agents | Anaesthesia | JIPMER 2019 | [
"ketamine",
"midazolam",
"propofol"
] | 55,687 |
30e2a59c-1a59-4eb2-abd2-aa46474669bc | Insulin release due to closure of K+ channels is seen with ? | Nataglinide | precose | byetta | januvia | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Nataglinide "Sulfonylureas and Meglititinides (nonsulfonylureas) are the two classes of Insulin secretogogues stimulate insulin secretion by interacting with the ATP-sensitive potassium channel on the beta cell." | Pharmacology | null | [
"sitagliptin",
"exenatide",
"acarbose"
] | 55,688 |
4df8da90-d1ae-4f0d-a5ae-db86ccc18e90 | Inducing agent with maximum incidence of vomiting | ketalar | amidate | Thiopentone | diprivan | 1b
| single | Postoperative nausea and vomiting are more common following etomidate than following propofol or barbiturate induction. Propofol also possesses significant antiemetic activity with small (sub hypnotic) doses (i.e., 10 mg in adults). The median concentration of propofol with an antiemetic effect was 343 ng/mL, which also causes a mild sedative effect. This concentration can be achieved by an initial dose of propofol infusion of 10 to 20 mg followed by 10 ug/kg/minute. Ref: Miller's anesthesia 8th edition Ref: Morgan & Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology 6e | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | [
"etomidate",
"ketamine",
"propofol"
] | 55,692 |
491fcc8f-fae2-49cd-965c-031eb4447c72 | Lalloo, 50 years old, a chronic smoker, presents with history of hemoptysis. He was having truncal obesity and hypeension. He had an elevated ACTH level which was not suppressive with high dose decadron. What would be the most probable diagnosis | Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia | Adrenal adenoma | Pituitary tumour | Ectopic| ACTH producing lung cancer | 3d
| multi | ectopic increase in ACTH is not suppressed by high dose of dexamethasone ( Harrison 17 pg 2256 ) | Medicine | Endocrinology | [
"dexamethasone"
] | 55,708 |
e5bb2ea7-947c-4378-8f75-bfd92cbfd523 | Fluoride content is least in | ethrane | isoflo | ultane | suprane | 3d
| single | (Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.170-171) | Anaesthesia | All India exam | [
"sevoflurane",
"enflurane",
"isoflurane",
"desflurane"
] | 55,714 |
2bc36abf-cdfc-437b-bada-44ba8bfb042c | Which is a treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in pregnancy? | Levetiracetam | tegretol | ['sabril'] | dilantin | 0a
| single | A unique anticonvulsant which suppresses kindled seizures but is ineffective against rna'-'electroshock or PTZ. Clinical efficacy has been sh,,*. -adjuvant medication in refractory paial seizure,; or without secondary generalization. None of the __ anticonvulsant mechanisms of action appear applicable to levetiracetarn. Ref KD Tripati 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | [
"phenytoin",
"carbamazepine",
"vigabatrin"
] | 55,729 |
1a2a3fb0-7f1f-440c-91ee-9f312240490e | A drug lacking vasodilatory propeies that is effective in angina is: | monoket dinitrate (IDN) | betaloc | adalat | isoptin | 1b
| single | Beta blockers act in angina by decreasing exercise induced myocardial work by reducing HR. These do not cause vasodilation. Nitrates (IDN) and CCBs (Nifedipine, Verapamil) act by causing vasodilation. | Pharmacology | CHF, Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction | [
"isosorbide",
"metoprolol",
"verapamil",
"nifedipine"
] | 55,747 |
0e69f729-4c12-4f7f-b892-9bf11fdec384 | Which of the following muscle relaxant has the maximum duration of action | tracrium | norcuron | Rocuronimum | Doxacurium | 3d
| single | Non-depolarising blockers : long acting (>50min): d-tubocurare , pancuronium, doxacurium, pipecuronium Intermediate acting(20-50mins) : Vecuronium, Atracurium, cisatracurium, rocuronium. Sho acting(<20mins) : Mivacurium, Rapacuronium. | Anaesthesia | Muscle relaxants | [
"atracurium",
"vecuronium"
] | 55,781 |
9b0f93d8-0581-44a1-a3b9-fd3b0e6cdcb9 | All are uses of flagyl except ? | Amoebiasis | Giardiasis | Trichomonas vaginitis | Malaria | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Malaria Metronidazole It has broad spectrum antiprotozoal activity against trichomonas, E. histolytica and G. lamblia. It is also active against many anaerobic bacteria. It does not affect aerobic bacteria. It acts by inhibiting pyruvate : Ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme pathway of pyruvate oxidation in anaerobes. In protozoa the mechanism of action is different, i.e. damage to DNA. Metronidazole is a nitroimdazole, nitro group is activated by reduction to form reactive cytotoxic product that damages the DNA. It inhibit cell mediated immunity to induce mutagenesis and causes radiosensitization. Uses Amoebiasis Pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Giardiasis Ulcerative gingivitis, trench mouth. Trichomonas vaginitis H. pylori gastritis, peptic ulcer. Anaerobic bacterial infection | Pharmacology | null | [
"metronidazole"
] | 55,788 |
34d69014-6506-4a39-88eb-bf4e74682d0e | Most common side efiect of mifeprex | Fever | Headache | Diarrhea | Rash | 2c
| single | Mifepristone (RU 485) It is a 19 norsteroid with potent antiprogestational and significant antiglucocoicoid and antiandrogenic actitity.It is used in termination of pregnancy, cervical ripening postcoital contraceptive, once a month contraceptive, in induction of labour and to treat cushing's syndrome.Commonly repoed side afects include vaginal bleeding, cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, back pain & tenderness. | Pharmacology | null | [
"mifepristone"
] | 55,796 |
62bb6f97-b300-4164-ade1-c726d87345e4 | Patient was given resochin and vibramycin for 7 days. Patients fever decreases in 4 days, but, peripheral smear showed occasional gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum. This type of drug resistance is - | R type | R2 type | R3 type | R4 type | 1b
| single | Ans. is `b' i.e., R2 type WHO classification of antimalarial drug resistance 1. S-sensitive --> If a sexual parasites have cleared by day 6 from the begining of treatment wihout subsequent recrudescence until day 28. 2. R1-Low grade resistance --> Recrudescence of infection between 7-28 days of completing treatment. 3. R2-High grade resistance --> Reduction of parasitemia by more than 75% at 48 hours of completing treatment but failure to clear the organism within 7 days. 4. R3-4 Parasitemia does not fall by more than 75% within 48 hours of completing treatment and there is no subsequant clearance of asexual parasites. | Pediatrics | null | [
"chloroquine",
"doxycycline"
] | 55,801 |
00459d3c-97b5-4885-99a7-56e015febb65 | Phase II block is seen with - | SCh infusion | Single doseSCh | mivacron | None of the above | 0a
| multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., SCh infusion o Under certain conditions depolarizing agents produce dual mechanism of neuromuscular blockade which can be divided into two phases :a) Phase 1 blockRapid in onsetResult from persistant depolarization of muscle end plate.Has classical features of depolarization block.Block is not antogonized by anticholinesterases (neostigmine).b) Phase II blockSlow in onsetResults from desensitization of receptor to ACh.Resembles block produced by competitive blockers.Block is partially reversed by anticholinesterases (Neostigmine).o In man normally only phase I block is seen - typical depolarizing block.o Phase II block is seen when fluorinated anaesthetics have been given or when SCh is injected in high dose or infused continuously.o SCh also produces phase II block in patients with atypical or deficient pseudocholinesterase. | Pharmacology | General Pharmacology | [
"mivacurium"
] | 55,804 |
3aeeb124-dc7e-4ce8-858e-408aa22b3b24 | b blocker with peripheral vasodilator action is ? | coreg | inderal | tenormin | Acebutalol | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Carvedilol o Carvedilol is a (31 + 132 + ai adrenoceptor blocker with a : 13 blocking propey of 1 : 9. o It produces peripheral vasodilation due to a-1 blockade as well as calcium channel blockade (direct effect). | Pharmacology | null | [
"propranolol",
"atenolol",
"carvedilol"
] | 55,815 |
5513c5d3-41f9-49bb-a676-8c1fbf482923 | Basanti devi 45 years old women presents with hot flushes after stopping of menstruation. 'Hot Flush' can be relieved by administration of following agents: | Ethinyl estradiol | Testosterone | Fluoxymesteron | danocrine | 0a
| single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"danazol"
] | 55,824 |
dd5c69d1-6b1b-4d5f-acdf-11576dd117c1 | Treatment of tylenol poisoning | N-acetyl cysteine | Activated charcoal | Dialysis | Alkaline diuresis | 0a
| single | AntidotePoisonAcetylcysteine ParacetamolAmyl nitrite CyanideAtropineOrganophosphateDesferrioxamineIronethanolMethanolFlumazenilBenzodiazepinesGlucoseInsulinREF:THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY: K S NARAYANA REDDY; PAGE NO 367 | Forensic Medicine | Poisoning | [
"paracetamol"
] | 55,832 |
21c45d4a-5851-4fc9-9481-a5b387b1f81a | A 45-year-old patient on hemodialysis for one week has noted that his BP is more difficult to control. He repos good compliance with his medications, which include epogen, ferrous sulfate, firvanq, and vitamin D. His BP is 180/99 mm Hg. Most likely cause for the worsening control of his BP is | epogen | Ferrous sulfate | firvanq | Vitamin D | 0a
| single | The patient most likely has a worsening of his blood pressure due to erythropoietin. This is seen in about 33% of dialysis patients. Vitamin D iron and vancomycin generally do not raise blood pressure. Ref - Harrison's principles of internal medicine 20e pg 386,499,729 | Medicine | Haematology | [
"vancomycin",
"erythropoietin"
] | 55,840 |
0712b7f9-44b0-4236-a0c9-9755602c2532 | The blood culture from a patient of febrile neutropenia has grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa, It was found to be a producer of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzyme. The best choice of antimicrobial therapy should be - | Ceftazidine + amikin | Aztreonam +amikin | Cefpirome + amikin | Imipenem +amikin | 3d
| single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Impipenem + Amikacin | Pharmacology | null | [
"amikacin"
] | 55,844 |
5bf80900-28cc-4532-a9e5-7c4b4dd20ef1 | Effect of oral contraceptive pills is inhibited by : | Rifampicin | tagamet | myambutol | inderal | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Rifampicin | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics | [
"cimetidine",
"ethambutol",
"propranolol"
] | 55,849 |
83809729-7e80-45aa-a182-b4415d53c27e | All of the following are side efffect of requip except: | Sedation | Nausea | Retroperitoneal Fibrosis | Hallucination | 2c
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"ropinirole"
] | 55,858 |
ddfe82fb-d50f-40ee-af29-3e5b72e23c53 | Which drug can be safely used in lactating mothers? | penbritin | chloromycetin | proquin | staticin | 3d
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"erythromycin",
"chloramphenicol",
"ciprofloxacin",
"ampicillin"
] | 55,894 |
f316bdfd-28d6-4105-a674-8f6b17df88aa | Drug of choice in Tourette syndrome is - | depakene | Carbamazepene | Haloperiodol | dolophine | 2c
| single | Ans is 'c' i.e., Haioperidol o Dopamine receptor antagonists are the drugs used to treat tourette syndrome. Haioperidol and pimozide are the most commolnly used drugs. | Psychiatry | Pharmacotherapy Management of Children and Adolescents | [
"valproate",
"methadone"
] | 55,896 |
276ae1d3-2bd6-4324-a0aa-1d8fcb9c76b9 | narcan is not used during resuscitation of a childwhose mother is on : | >dolophine | >Phenycyclidine | >Amphetamine | >Cocaine | 0a
| single | Metandone "At the delivery of known opioid dependent women, naloxone should be avoided in resuscitation of the infant because it may precipitate seizures" Naloxone is used to reverse neonatal respiratory depression due to opioid use during labour. It should not be used in cases where mother is opioid dependent. It can result in withdraw! syndrome. When the mother is on opioids, fetus becomes opioid dependent in-utero and the use of naloxone in respiratory resuscitation may result in severe withdrawal symptoms. According to Goodman Gilman "In subjects who are dependent on morphine like opioids (methadone is pharmacologically similar to morphine) small subcutaneous doses of naloxone (5 mg) precipitate a moderate to severe withdraw! syndrome that is very similar to that seen after withdraw' of opioids, except that the syndrome appears within minutes after administration and subsides in about 2 hours." | Pharmacology | null | [
"naloxone",
"methadone"
] | 55,900 |
375e55ce-a66b-4ebf-8f93-f93641108b29 | glibenese differs from diabinese in that it: | Is more potent | Is longer acting | Does not lower blood sugar in nondiabetic subjects | Is less prone to cause hypoglycemic reaction | 0a
| single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p266) Second generation (like glipizide) sulfonylureas are more potent than first generation agents (like chlorpropamide). Chlorpropamide is the longest acting sulfonylurea. Sulfonylureas can cause hypoglycemia (even in non-diabetics) due to release insulin. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects | [
"glipizide",
"chlorpropamide"
] | 55,904 |
b78bcc84-bfd0-4e38-a5df-c71d6225c2b2 | The following drug acts by blocking reverse transcriptase | retrovir | Acyclovir | symmetrel | rebetol | 0a
| single | Zidovudine acts by inhibiting the conversion of RNA to DNA by blocking the enzyme reverse transcriptase. It is a prodrug which has to be conveed to triphosphate form to be active Baveja 5th ed Pg.: 519 | Microbiology | Virology | [
"amantadine",
"ribavirin",
"zidovudine"
] | 55,909 |
b710eccd-1457-4a05-aacd-da390283da29 | A patient develops hypoglycemia. He was on insulin and precose. For treatment of above what is to be given? | Glucose | Maltose | Sucrose | Starch | 0a
| multi | Ans. a. Glucose Hypoglycemic reactions are the most common complication of insulin therapy. All the manifestations of hypoglycemia are relieved by glucose administration. Since the patient is on acarbose, the absorption of complex polysaccharides would be delayed. For this reason, simple sugars like glucose should be administered."Hypoglycemic reactions are the most common complication of insulin therapy. It commonly result from inadequate carbohydrate consumption, unusual physical exertion and targe dose of insulin."Management of Hypoglycemia* All the manifestations of hypoglycemia are relieved by glucose administration* To increase absorption, simple sugar or glucose should be given preferably in liquid form.Management of Hypoglycemia Depends upon the Condition of the PatientMild to Moderate(Patient is conscious, able to swallow)Severe(Patient is unconscious, not able to swallow)* Glucose gel* Dextrose tablets* Any sugar containing beverage* 20-50 ml of 50% glucose solution by IV infusion over a period of 2-3 minutes* If IV therapy is not available, 1 mg of glucagon injected either subcutaneously or IM* If glucagon unavailable, honey syrups* Oral feeding contraindicated | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | [
"acarbose"
] | 55,937 |
a501d215-2f31-4d6e-80ad-39232c9706c3 | Side effects of dilantin are : | Gum hypertrophy | Alopecia | Subungal exostosis | Onycholysis | 0a
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"phenytoin"
] | 55,946 |
10e57bea-65e2-4048-814b-81d52904552e | All of the following are the advantages of using evista over estrogen in postmenopausal women except: | Reduces fracture rates | Avoids endometrial hyperplasia | Reduces the incidence of venous thrombosis | No increase in incidence of breast carcinoma | 2c
| multi | Ans. is c, i.e. Reduces the incidence of venous thrombosisRef: Shaw 15th/ed, p69Raloxifene increases the incidence of venous thrombosis rather than decreasing it.It does not have a proliferative effect on endometrium, so it is not associated with an increase in the risk of uterine cancer.Role of raloxifene in breast cancer."The SERM tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist in the breast that is used in the treatment of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer. Raloxifene also may reduce the risk of breast cancer. Postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene as part of a large osteoporosis treatment trial, experienced a 76% reduction in the risk of invasive breast cancer compared with placebo-treated women." Ref: Novak 14th/ed, pi333 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) | [
"raloxifene"
] | 55,967 |
0d7051e7-5621-4e86-b701-8dd5ba768254 | pitressin acts by: | Water transpo across collecting duct | Water absorption at medullary ducts | Water secretion at loop of Henle | Water transpo at PCT | 0a
| single | A i.e. Water transpo across collecting ductVasopressin acts by increasing permeability of collecting ductsQ. to water. The key to the action of vasopressin on collecting duct is aquaporin -2 . The overall effect is retention of water in excess of solute which results in decrease effective osmotic pressure | Physiology | null | [
"vasopressin"
] | 55,969 |
82ddb21b-7ac1-42fb-a030-2974d06a39d7 | Lipid lowering drug that significantly reduces lipo protein-a levels is? | lipanthyl | Gemfibrosil | crestor | Nicotinic acid | 3d
| single | Nicotinic acid is B3 vitamin which in higher doses reduce plasma lipids. When nicotinic acid is given, TGs and VLDL decrease rapidly, followed by a moderate fall in LDH-CH and total CH. It also reduces Lp(a) which is considered more atherogenic. It acts by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase produced from the endothelium From essentials of medical pharmacology K D Tripathi 7th edition page no 640 | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"rosuvastatin",
"fenofibrate"
] | 55,982 |
b638be33-6277-454b-8b99-ecaea8b47911 | A 3–year-old boy is brought to the casualty by his mother with progressive shortness of breath for 1 day. The child has a history of bronchial asthma. On examination, the child is blue, gasping and unresponsive What will you like to do first – | Intubate | Administer 100 % oxygen by mask | Ventilate with bag and mask | Administer nebulised ventolin | 1b
| single | The symptoms given by the child shows that he is suffering from life-threatening asthma.
Presence of any of the following indicates life-threatening Asthma.
a) Cyanosis
b) Silent chest
c) Poor respiratory effects
d) Altered sensorium
e) Exhaustion, fatigue
f) PEFR < 30 % of predicted and O2 saturation of < 90 %
Management of life-threatening asthma (status asthmaticus)
Immediate O2 inhalation
Injection of terbutaline or adrenaline (s.c.)
Inhalation of salbutamol or terbutaline and ipratropium
Injection of hydrocortisone 10mg/kg.
After the above-mentioned steps, an arrangement is made to transfer the patient to ICU. | Pediatrics | null | [
"salbutamol"
] | 55,985 |
c22f8aa5-5032-4167-9cba-3b6fdc2f1e55 | Which of the following drug is useful in prophylaxis of migraine? | Propranalol | imitrex | Aspirin | Ergotamine | 0a
| single | Migraine: Propranolol is the most effective drug for chronic prophylaxis or migraine.
Drug therapy of migraine | Pharmacology | null | [
"sumatriptan"
] | 56,015 |
4180d492-ceed-40ba-bce9-63093b743c5f | Which of the following drug is used for reversal of cerebral vasospasm and infarct following subarachnoid hemorrhage? | nymalize | norvasc | angiozem | isoptin | 0a
| single | Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) These are the drugs that block L-type of voltage gated calcium channels present in blood vessels and hea. Three groups of CCBs include phenylalkylamines (verapamil, nor-verapamil), benzothiazepines (diltiazem) dihydropyridines (nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, isradipine, lacidipine, felodipine and amlodipine). By inhibiting the calcium channels, these agents result in vasodilation and decreased activity of the hea (decrease hea rate, AV conduction and contractility). Dihydropyridine (DHP) group has little direct cardiac activity and acts mainly on blood vessels, therefore are also called peripherally acting CCBs. Verapamil and diltiazem have strong direct cardiodepressant (verapamil > diltiazem) activity. CCBs tend to cause reflex tachycardia (because of their vasodilatory action), which is nullified by the direct depressant action on the hea (except DHPs). Nicardipine is longest acting parenteral calcium channel blocker and is drug of choice for hypeensive emergencies. It is combined with beta blockers to avoid tachycardia. Nimodipine is a relatively cerebro-selective vasodilator, thus used to reverse the compensatory vasoconstriction after sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. Verapamil has maximum depressant action on the hea and it causes vasodilation by causing blockade of calcium channel. It is indicated for the treatment of angina, PSVT, hypeension and hyperophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Diltiazem has lesser effect on the hea than verapamil and is also indicated for these conditions. CCBs are especially suitable for elderly patients, patients with low renin hypeension, patients with diseases like asthma, migraine or peripheral vascular disease and in cases of isolated systolic hypeension. DHPs are safe in pregnancy. CCBs (verapamil and diltiazem) should be avoided in conditions involving decreased conductivity of the hea like sick sinus syndrome, CHF and along with beta blockers (both cause myocardial depression). Clevidipine is an ultrasho acting DHP, recently approved for hypeensive emergencies. | Pharmacology | CHF, Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction | [
"diltiazem",
"verapamil",
"amlodipine",
"nimodipine"
] | 56,019 |
edf2bb4c-7277-4e6f-95ab-ab1bcadb92d7 | Vitamin synthesized from amino acid is? | Thiamine | Riboflavin | appearex | Niacin | 3d
| single | Ans. (d) NiacinRef Harper's Biochemistry 28/e, chapter 44 | Biochemistry | Amino Acids Basics | [
"biotin"
] | 56,022 |
b274a600-1fca-41bd-b3a9-39d0ec46f69d | Shoest acting benzodiazepine is: | seizalam | xanax | ativan | valium | 0a
| single | Alprazolam is sho acting hypnotic,lorazepam & diazepam are long acting ,while triazolam &midazolam are ultra sho acting benzodiazepines . Ref: KD Tripathi 8TH ed | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | [
"lorazepam",
"alprazolam",
"midazolam",
"diazepam"
] | 56,029 |
97693991-de85-410d-9017-bea5a289a364 | In Radionuclide imaging the most useful radio pharmaceutical for skeletal imaging is - | ganite 67 | Technetium-sulphur-colloid | Technetium-99m | Technetium-99m linked to Methylene disphosphonate | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Technetium-99m linked to Methylene disphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) o Tc 99 is the most common radiopharmaceutical used for imaging in nuclear medicine. For skeletal imaging Diphosphonate Ligands are used as these agents are deposited on sites of actively growing bone. The diphosphonate ligand has a high affinity for actively growing bone. 99Tc-MDP is the most widely used of the diphosphonate ligands- Bone Scintigraphy.RadiopharmaceuticalPrimary useTc-99m Medronate (MDP) (most common)Bone imagingTc-99m Oxidronate (HMDP)Bone imagingTc-99m HEDPBone imagingTc-99m ApcitidePeptide imaging of DVTTc-99m ArcitumomabMonoclonal antibody for colorectal cancerTc-99m albumin colloidImaging of RES (liver/spleen)Tc-99m bicisate (ECD)Cerebral perfusion imagingTc-99m DepreotideSomatostatin receptor-bearing pulmonary massesTc-99m disofenin (DISJDA)Hepatobiliary imagingTc-99m exametazine (HMPAO)Cerebral perfusion imagingTc-99m GluceptateRenal imagingTc-99m Human Serum Albumin (HSA)Imaging of cardiac chambersTc-99m Lidofenin (HIDA)Hepatobiliary imagingTc-99m Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA)Pulmonary perfusionTc-99m MebrofeninHepatobiliary imagingTc-99m MertiatideRenal imagingTc-99m nofetumomab Merpentan NR-LU-10Monoclonal antibody Fab fragment for imaging small cell lung cancerTc-99m Pentetate (DTPA)Renal imaging and function studies; radioaerosol ventilation imagingTc-99m Pyrophosphate (PYP)Avid infarct imagingTc-99m Red Blood Cells (RBCs)Imaging of GI bleeds, cardiac chambersTc-99m SestamibiMyocardial perfusion imaging ; breast tumor imagingTc-99m Succimer (DMSA)Renal imagingTc-99m Sulfur Colloid (SC)Imaging of RES (liver/spleen), gastric emptying, GI bleedsTc-99m TeboroximeMyocardial perfusion imagingTc-99m TetrofosminMyocardial perfusion imaging | Radiology | Radionuclide Therapeutic Intervention | [
"gallium"
] | 56,036 |
c58a65cd-4bf5-4a88-8842-798f54032d44 | Panda sign in ganite scan seen in - | Sarcoidosis | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Rheumatoid arthritis | Seronegative spondyloarthropathy | 0a
| multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sarcoidosis o Panda sign on gallium scan indicates increased uptake of gallium in parotid glands, nasopharynx and lacrymal glands due to inflammation resembling the dark markings on the pandas face,o Panda sign on gallium scan in usually described in sarcoidosis but it is not specific for sarcoidosis. It can also be seen in lymphoma, sjogren's syndrome, after irradiation and in AIDS.Note : 'Face of giant panda sign' and 'claustral sign' on MRI are the two signs suggestive of Wilsons disease. | Radiology | Imaging of Interstitial Lung Disease | [
"gallium"
] | 56,054 |
69038c56-c390-4a84-9a67-7fb075fbc446 | Stain used for staining fungal elements - | Acid fast stain | Mucicarmine | hiprex silver | Gram stain | 2c
| single | Routinely used stains for the demonstration for fungal elements in tissue sections are : -
Methenamine silver
Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) | Microbiology | null | [
"methenamine"
] | 56,076 |
425bfa6b-b71d-466e-b1ac-fdd332a01f58 | A patient presents with a lower gastrointestinal bleed. Sigmoidoscopy shows ulcers in the sigmoid. Biopsy from this area shows flask-shaped ulcers. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment - | Intravenous rocephin | Intravenous flagyl | Intravenous steroids and sulphasalazine | Hydrocortisone enemas | 1b
| single | null | Medicine | null | [
"metronidazole",
"ceftriaxone"
] | 56,108 |
32806980-4c83-42d5-8b75-6cb23acd230a | One of the following antihypeensive is NOT used in pregnancy: September 2012, March 2013 | vasotec | aldomet | apresoline | adalat | 0a
| single | Ans. A i.e. Enalapril | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | [
"methyldopa",
"hydralazine",
"nifedipine",
"enalapril"
] | 56,130 |
542510bc-7eed-4918-bee3-05c6778d1895 | Which of the following drugs is used to control tachycardia and palpitations in persons with acute symptoms of hypehyroidism ? | cytomel | Propanolol | Methimazole | Potassium iodide | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Propanolol | Pharmacology | null | [
"liothyronine"
] | 56,131 |
51264ab1-3a92-4d05-ba15-08845b714147 | Most potent form of vitamin D is: | 1, 25- dihydroxy cholecalciferol | 7-dihydro cholecalciferol | 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol | drisdol (Vit. D2) | 0a
| single | Vitamin D Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) =Formed from ergosterol and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and are known as Pro-vitamins =Vitamins D2and D3 are not biologically active. 25-OH- cholecalciferol =Major storage and circulating form of vitamin D 1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol =aka Calcitriol =most biologically active form of vitamin D Vitamin D encompasses a group of sterols, which have a hormone-like function. Bioactive vitamin D or calcitriol is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its impoant role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone. | Biochemistry | Vitamins and Minerals | [
"ergocalciferol"
] | 56,149 |
4d987754-0d3d-4867-87d1-16e74acbc01b | Which of the following irrigant is used during opening of a tooth with acute pulpal abscess? | Normal saline | Hydrogen peroxide | Sodium hypochlorite | disotate | 0a
| single | null | Dental | null | [
"edta"
] | 56,154 |
abd3f71d-54d1-46d4-9edb-f86754f2085d | All are used in heroin poisoning EXCEPT | catapres | Buprenorphine | talwin | Haloperidol | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e Haloperidol Niraj Ahuja gives a list of the following drug used in opium toxicity -Naloxone, Naltrexone]MethadoneClonidineLAAM (levo-alpha-acetyl methadol)PropoxypheneD' PhenoxylateBuprenorphineLofexidineThis leaves us with haloperidel & Pentazocine.I could not find which of them is used but my reason and intuition says to go with pentazocine.Pentazocine must have some use in heroin poisoning. Pentazocine is an opioid and if methadone, another opioid, can be used, so can pentazocine. | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology | [
"pentazocine",
"clonidine"
] | 56,163 |
390e52c0-b0e7-4557-8d3d-05e3822e6ca4 | IV administration of which drug is most painful among the following | Methohexitol | diprivan | amidate | ketalar | 1b
| single | * Pain on injection is the most commonly repoed adverse event during propofol administration. Not seen with etomidate due to use of etomidate in lipid emulsion vehicle. Ref:- Stoelting's Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice 5th edition Pg num:- 168,170 | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | [
"etomidate",
"ketamine",
"propofol"
] | 56,164 |
fd09e0ce-7f83-4478-af20-0a22e25cfc63 | Which of the following drug is associated with the highest cardiac moality? | Rofecoxib | Nicorandil | Losaan | betaloc | 0a
| single | Coxibs are selective cox2 inhibitors- Basically, Coxibs are NSAIDS They won't cause gastric acidity as they won't exe their effect on cox-1 but as there is an increased chance of cardiac events like hea attack due to excess thrombosis Excess thrombosis is due to decrease in PGI2 and enhanced TXA2 Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"metoprolol"
] | 56,168 |
1040843f-5d78-4782-b05e-a841fb715174 | Which of the following antiepileptic agents acts on the GABAergic system to decrease the uptake of GABA into neurons and glial cells? | ['sabril'] | Progabide | neurontin | Tiagabine | 3d
| single | It potentiates GABA mediated neuronal inhibition by depressing GABA transpoer GAT 1 which removes synaptically released GABA into neurons and glial cells REF: KD TRIPATHI 8TH ED. page 421 | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system | [
"gabapentin",
"vigabatrin"
] | 56,171 |
a030a480-9736-4d22-8f6c-5304fa13e196 | Hoffman's elimination is seen with: | tracrium | pavulon | quelicin | zemuron | 0a
| single | Ans: A (Atracurium) Ref: Mi Her text hook of Anaesthesia. 6th edition.ExplanationAtracuriumAtracurium and eisatracuriuni (stereoisomer of atracurium) are the only two drugs metabolized by Hoffman eliminationAtracurium is a short acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockerAtracurium is metabolized by Non-specific esterases & Hoffman's elimination, independent of renal and hepatic metabolismHence Drug of choice in hepatic and renal failureHoffman's eliminationIt is the spontaneous non-enzymatic chemical breakdown at physiologic PH and temperatureHoffman's elimination of atracurium gives a metabolite called laudanosine which can precipitate seizuresIt triggers the release of histamine leading to hypotension, tachycardia & bronchospasmDosage - 0.5mg/kg (See the following table) AtracuriumCisatracurium(stereoisomer of Atracurium)PotencyLessMoreNon specific ester hydrolysisYesNoHoffman eliminationYesYesMetabolite - LaudanosheQuantity producedMoreLessCNS toxicity seizuresYesNoHistamine releaseYesNo | Unknown | null | [
"suxamethonium",
"atracurium",
"rocuronium",
"pancuronium"
] | 56,187 |
0d648bf2-dcdb-402c-adcc-b1db1b88d291 | Drug therapy of Paget's disease (Osteitis Deformans) include all except- | fosamax | Etidronate | Calcitonin | Plicamycin | 3d
| multi | Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common condition characterised by focal areas of increased and disorgan ised bone remodelling. It mostly affects the axial skele ton, and bones that are commonly involved include the pelvis, femur, tibia, lumbar spine, skull and scapula. MANAGEMENT-The main indication for treatment with inhibitors of bone resorption is bone pain thought to be due to increased metabolic activity (Box 25.82). It is often difficult Management The main indication for treatment with inhibitors of bone resorption is bone pain thought to be due to increased metabolic activity (Box 25.82). It is often difficult to dif ferentiate this from pain due to complications such as bone deformity, nerve compression symptoms and OA. If there is doubt, it can be wohwhile giving a therapeu tic trial of antiresorptive therapy to determine whether the symptoms improve. A positive response indicates that the pain was due to increased metabolic activity. The aminobisphosphonates pamidronate, zoledronate and risedronate are more effective than simple bisphos phonates such as etidronate and tiludronate at suppress ing bone turnover in PDB, but their effects on pain are similar. Although bisphosphonates suppress bone turn over in PDB, there is no evidence to show that they alter the natural history or prevent complications. Calcitonin can be used as an alternative but is less convenient to administer and more expensive. Repeated courses of bisphosphonates or calcitonin can be given if symptoms recur. If symptoms do not respond to antiresorptive therapy, it is likely that the pain is due to a complication of the disease and this should be managed according to the principles described on page 1085. DAVIDSONS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE 22ND EDITION PAGE NO-1128,1129 | Medicine | Endocrinology | [
"alendronate"
] | 56,189 |
37024d08-822e-4598-94e9-dd5eeb599266 | All of the following are true about ACE inhibitors except | Drug of choice for hypertension in Diabetes Mellites and chronic kidney disease | They are contraindicated in Bilateral Renal Artery stenosis | Fosinopril is safe in renal failure | capoten & zestril are pro drugs | 3d
| multi | Captopril and lisinopril are the only ACE inhibitors which are not pro drugs. | Pharmacology | null | [
"lisinopril",
"captopril"
] | 56,229 |
a46fe610-90f9-411d-b95d-8b81b13af5ed | Which of the following agents is recommended as first line drug for treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)? | Sorafenib | Geftinib | gleevec | Erlotinib | 2c
| single | Imatinib is drug of choice for GIST. Imatinib resistant cases can be treated with sunitinib. Tumors resistant to both imatinib and sunitinib are treated with regorafenib. | Pharmacology | Targeted Anticancer Drugs and Immunosuppressants | [
"imatinib"
] | 56,230 |
4c784044-341f-4d57-b0ff-7140d0f59646 | All of the following are true statements about Down syndrome, except: | Most common inheritable cause of mental retardation | In quadruple test, Inhibin-A level is reduced | Most common cause is meiotic non-disjunction | In triple test (AFP |, incurin |, hcG |) | 1b
| multi | ANTENATAL SCREENING FOR DOWN SYNDROME: TRIPLE TEST b-hCG || Maternal Serum Alpha fetoprotein (MSAFP) || Unconjugated Estriol (uE3) || QUADRUPLE TEST b-hCG || Maternal Serum Alpha fetoprotein (MSAFP) || Unconjugated Estriol (uE3) || Dimeric Inhibin-A || OTHER OPTIONS Down syndrome is most common inheritable cause of mental retardation- true Most common cause of Down syndrome is meiotic non-disjunction, followed by Robesonian translocation- true | Pathology | Specific Cytogenetic Disorders | [
"estriol"
] | 56,246 |
ffd8c577-6d63-484a-8b9f-8336a08a9ba3 | Folinic acid is specifically indicated for | Anaemia associated with renal failure | Pernicious anaemia | Counteracting toxicity of high dose trexall | Prophylaxis of neural tube defect in the offspring of women receiving anticonvulsant medication | 2c
| multi | Methotrexate toxicity:- Folinic acid (Leucovorin, citrovorum factor, 5-formyl-THFA) is an active coenzyme form which does not need to be reduced by DHFRase before it can act. Methotrexate is a DHFRase inhibitor; its toxicity is not counteracted by folic acid, but antagonized by folinic acid. Ref:- kd tripathi; pg num:-611 | Pharmacology | Hematology | [
"methotrexate"
] | 56,267 |
9d1da956-d88a-4b03-bb64-307844bd92e0 | Which of the following is the best inotrope agent for use in Right Hea Failure Secondary to pulmonary hypeension- | dobutrex | lanoxin | Milrinone | fluothane | 2c
| multi | Milrinone, commonly known and marketed under the brand name Primacor, is a medication used in patients who have hea failure. It is a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor that works to increase the hea's contractility and decrease pulmonary vascular resistance. Milrinone also works to vasodilate which helps allete increased pressures (afterload) on the hea, thus improving its pumping action. While it has been used in people with hea failure for many years, studies suggest that milrinone may exhibit some negative side effects that have caused some debate about its use clinically Overall, milrinone suppos ventricular functioning of the hea by decreasing the degradation of cAMP and thus increasing phosphorylation levels of many components in the hea that contribute to contractility and hea rate. Milrinone use following cardiac surgery has been under some debate because of the potential increase risk of postoperative atrial arrhythmias.] However, in the sho term milrinone has been deemed beneficial to those experiencing hea failure and an effective therapy to maintain hea function following cardiac surgeries. There is no evidence of any long term beneficial effects on survival.In critically ill patients with evidence of cardiac dysfunction there is limited good quality evidence to recommend its use Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) causes increased activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is an enzyme that phosphorylates many elements of the contractile machinery within the hea cell. In the sho term this leads to an increased force of contraction. Phosphodiesterases are enzymes responsible for the breakdown of cAMP. Therefore, when phosphodiesterases lower the level of cAMP in the cell they also lower the active fraction of PKA within the cell and reduce the force of contraction. Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor. This drug inhibits the action of phosphodiesterase-3 and thus prevents degradation of cAMP. With increased cAMP levels there is an increase in the activation of PKA. This PKA will phosphorylate many components of the cardiomyocyte such as calcium channels and components of the myofilaments. Phosphorylation of calcium channels permits an increase in calcium influx into the cell. This increase in calcium influx results in increased contractility. PKA also phosphorylates potassium channels promoting their action. Potassium channels are responsible for repolarization of the cardiomyocytes therefore increasing the rate at which cells can depolarize and generate contraction. PKA also phosphorylates components on myofilaments allowing actin and myosin to interact more easily and thus increasing contractility and the inotropic state of the hea. Milrinone allows stimulation of cardiac function independently of b-adrenergic receptors which appear to be down-regulated in those with hea failure. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 467 | Medicine | C.V.S | [
"digoxin",
"halothane",
"dobutamine"
] | 56,272 |
f8da2bfc-2400-4bfa-9e7d-5948a17036d1 | All of the following are true regarding a patient with acid peptic disease except -a) cytotec is the drug of choice in patients on NSAIDSb) DU is preventable by the use of single night time H2 blockersc) losec may help ulcers refractory to H2 blockersd) Mesoprostol is DOC in pregnant patients | b | c | ad | ab | 2c
| multi | null | Medicine | null | [
"misoprostol",
"omeprazole"
] | 56,279 |
2ded09d1-0bcb-48a4-a9ae-ae629e0b941d | All are used in nicotine de-addiction, except: NIMHANS 10, 11 | wellbutrin | catapres | Nicotine gum | Buspirone | 3d
| multi | Ans. Buspirone | Forensic Medicine | null | [
"bupropion",
"clonidine"
] | 56,292 |
f5f9cc7a-0ab0-4742-ab72-df9fc9067ce5 | Falsely elevated HbA1C is seen in? | Thalassemia | Recovery from acute blood loss | epogen supplementation in CKD | Splenectomy | 3d
| multi | HbA1C values are affected by conditions that affect RBC survival or mean erythrocyte age. Falsely low HbA1C Falsely elevated HbA1C Recovery from acute blood loss Haemolytic anaemia IV iron EPO injections for CKD Vitamin C supplements Vitamin E supplements Splenectomy Iron deficiency Anaemia | Medicine | Diabetes Mellitus | [
"erythropoietin"
] | 56,293 |
287b089f-0815-4ce6-a1b3-b3b011d5e4e2 | Enterobacteriacae is classfied based on- | osmitrol fermentation | Catalase and oxidase reaction | Oxygen requirment | Lactose fermentation | 3d
| single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Lactose fermentation o Initially Enterobacteriacea was classifed on the bases of their lactose fermenting ability on MacConkey's medium, the most popular medium for the isolation of fecal bacilli.o Lactose fermenters produce pink/bright red colonies on MacConkey's agar , while lactose non-fermenters produce pale colonies :Lactose fermenters (rapid) : These are Coliforms, e.g. Escherichia. Klebsiella and Enterobacter aerogenes.Late lactose fermenters (slow) : These are Shigella Sonnei, Serratia, Citrobacter, Arizona, Providencia and Ervinia.Non-lactose fermenters : Shigella except Shigella Sonnei, Salmonella, Proteus. | Microbiology | Bacteria | [
"mannitol"
] | 56,296 |
5652acbf-adaa-4b10-9a04-6a666fb003d5 | Intraocular pressure is increased by which anaesthetic- | ketalar | diprivan | ultane | isoflo | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ketamine o Ketamine increases intra-ocular tension ->> Contraindicated in glaucoma & open eye surgery. | Anaesthesia | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation And Mechanical Ventilation | [
"ketamine",
"isoflurane",
"sevoflurane",
"propofol"
] | 56,307 |
69a2d92a-bb44-4ad5-9d8b-5aa3e08fe76a | All of the following drugs are components of the MOPP cancer Chemotherapy regimen EXCEPT: | matulane | vincasar | Mechlorethamine | trexall | 3d
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"procarbazine",
"vincristine",
"methotrexate"
] | 56,366 |
064ad927-e0d6-47bd-bf46-1d5359affbfa | Second messenger for oxoject- | cAMP | cGMP | IP3-DAG | NO | 2c
| single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., IP3-DAGPhospholipase IP3 - DAG system* Activation of phospholipase (by stimulatory G protein) hydrolyses the membrane phospholipid phosphatidyl inositol 4, 5 bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate the second messenger inositol I, 4, 5 - triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).* IP3 mobilizes Ca+2 from intracellular organelles - increased cytosolic Ca+2. DAG enhances Protein Kinase 'C' activation by Ca+2. Ca+2 acts as third messenger in this type of transduction mechanism and mediates the physiological effects of drugs.* Protein kinase-C phosphorylates various intracellular proteins (threonine, serine or tyrosine residue), causing their activation or inactivation.* Example - Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), GnRh, ADH Vasopressin (VI receptor, vasopressor action), oxytocin, cholecystokinin, PDGF, Gastrin, Catecholamines (some actions via a1 receptors), Angiotensin II (vascular smooth muscle), Substance P, Histamine - H1, muscarinic M1, M3 | Physiology | Endocrinology and Reproduction | [
"oxytocin"
] | 56,367 |
0a7ced91-ce32-4bcf-85ec-6207a2964cbf | Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding sulfonamides? | azulfidine is absorbed well from GIT | Crystalluria can occur with sulfonamide administration | Sulfonamide administration to newborn may cause kernicterus | Sulfonamides are of value in treatment of infections due to Nocardia species. | 0a
| multi | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"sulfasalazine"
] | 56,368 |
99391035-d305-481b-926c-c70a3754fafa | Which of the following is the treatment of choice in patients with neurogenic diabetes insipidus? | pitressin | stimate | Terlipressin | cordarone | 1b
| single | The signs and symptoms of uncomplicated pituitary DI can be eliminated completely by treatment with Desmopressin (DDAVP), a synthetic analogue of AVP. It acts selectively at V2 receptors to increase urine concentration and decrease urine flow in a dose-dependent manner. It is also more resistant to degradation than AVP and has a three-to four fold longer duration of action. Desmopressin (DDAVP) can be given by IV or SC injection, nasal inhalation, or oral tablet. | Medicine | null | [
"desmopressin",
"vasopressin",
"amiodarone"
] | 56,374 |
c86b6dbf-71c9-4fc8-9b1e-8fe9445b5307 | A patient presented with fever for 8 days and difficulty in breathing for two days, on examination there is red painless rash found on the left side of the chest. Treatment will be | tamiflu | Streptomycin | vibramycin | rocephin | 2c
| single | (c) DoxycyclineRef: Harrison 18th ed.,pg. 14081,1413The presence of rash over the chest is typically an eschar, which is black necrotic, painless. Usually it is present in axilla, groin region.INFECTIOUS AGENTSRickettsial infections are caused by various bacterial species from the genera Rickettsia, Orientia, Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, Neoehrlichia, and Anaplasma. Rickettsia spp. are classically divided into the typhus group and spotted fever group (SFG). Orientia spp, make up the scrub typhus group. The rickettsial pathogens most likely to be encountered during travel outside the United States include R. africae (African tick- bite fever), R. conorii (Mediterranean spotted fever), R. rickettsii (known as both Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Brazilian spotted fever), O. tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus), and R. typhi (murine or fleaborne typhus).TRANSMISSIONMost rickettsial pathogens are transmitted by ectoparasites such as fleas, lice, mites, and ticks. Organisms can be transmitted by bites from these ectoparasites or by inoculating infectious fluids or feces from the ectoparasites into the skin. Inhaling or inoculating conjunctiva with infectious material may also cause infection for some of these organisms. Transmission of some rickettsial diseases after transfusion or organ transplantation is rare but has been reported.EPEDIMIOLOGYEhrlichia, Neorickettsia, Neoehrlichia, and Anaplasma are not seen in Indian subcontinent.Rickettsial infections have been reported in India for several decades. During the World War II era, there were many deaths due to scrub typhus in this region. It was thought that these infections declined over time; however, several reports in the past decade indicate the presence of disease in various parts of India, such as the Himalayan region, the northeast, and the south.TREATMENTThe drug most commonly used is doxycycline or tetracycline, but Azithromycin or chloramphenicol is an alternative. As Rickettsial spp. Lack specific cell wall, so beta lactams and cephalosporins are not indicated in management of Rickettsial diseases. | Medicine | Infection | [
"ceftriaxone",
"doxycycline",
"oseltamivir"
] | 56,387 |
48fc119d-a635-4132-af4d-5958ac33625f | Which of the following chemotherapeutic drugs has selective action on hypoxic tumor cells - | Mitomycin C | platinol | adriamycin | 5 Flurouracil | 0a
| single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mitomycin Mitomycin belongs to the antibiotic anticancer group.These anticancer drugs are obtained from microorganisms and have prominent antitumour action.Mechanism of action of mitomycinIntracellularly it is converted to a metabolite, which acts as an alkylating agent that kills cells at G1-M phase.It inhibits DNA synthesis and cross links DNA at the N6 position of adenine and at the O6 and N7 position of guanine.In addition single stranded breakage of DNA and chromosomal breaks are caused by mitomycin.Some important points about mitomycin.Mitomycin acts preferentially on hypoxic cellsIt is a potent radiosensitizerIt is absorbed consistently from G.L tract so it administered by intravenous infusionUses of mitomycinUsed as a combination therapy for the t/t of carcinoma of the colon or stomach.It is also used by direct instillation into the bladder to treat superficial carcinomas of bladder.Adverse effectMajor toxic effect is myelosuppression (Pancytopenia)Hemolytic uremic syndrome, it is caused due to drug induced endothelial damage. | Pharmacology | Anti-Neoplastic Agents | [
"doxorubicin",
"cisplatin"
] | 56,390 |
eeb89a1e-eaa1-4715-b411-1cab52fe130e | A 30-year-old construction worker presented with exeional pain in his B/L forearms and hands. There is history of chronic cigarette smoking. O/E, Faint radial and ulnar pulses Easily palpable brachial pulse Angiography of the hand was done. Which of the following is the best treatment of the above condition: - | lovenox | orapred | jantoven | Smoking cessation | 3d
| multi | 1st image shows the gangrene of the digits. 2nd image shows the smooth tapering segmental lesions in small aerial distal vesels. This is a case of Thromboangitis obliterans/ Buerger's disease. Young male Heavy cigarette smoker Inflammatory occlusive vascular disorder Triad of claudication, Raynaud's phenomena and migratory superficial vein thrombophlebitis. Prognosis is worse in patients who continue to smoke. Best treatment is cessation of smoking. Cilastozol has no proven role. | Unknown | Integrated QBank | [
"prednisolone",
"enoxaparin",
"warfarin"
] | 56,394 |
1e06a8d9-7877-4bd1-aa98-3aad06b830e8 | fluothane causes - | Bradycardia | Fall in BP | Uterine relaxation | All of the above | 3d
| multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., AH of the above Halothaneo It is a volatile liquid with sweet odour, nonirritating and noninflammable.o It is a potent anaesthetic with poor analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.o Halothane causes direct depression of myocardial contractility by reducing intracellular Ca+2.o It causes fall in BP and CO.o Heart rate decreases due to vagal stimulation.o It tends to sensitize the heart to arrhythmogenic action of adrenaline - contraindicated in pheochromocytoma.o It causes greater depression of respiration and ventilation perfusion mismatch.o It dilates the bronchi - inhalation agent of choice in asthmatics (intravaneous anaesthetic of choice in asthmatics is ketamine).o It is a hepatotoxic drug and can also cause malignant hyperthermia (Succinylcholine accentuate it),o Recovery' is smooth and reasonably quick,o It causes postanaesthetic shivering and chills.o It inhibits intestinal and uterine contrac tions - agent of choice for assisting external or internal version during late pregnancy.o Because its uterine relaxant action it is contraindicated during labour.o It is particularly suitable for induction and maintenance in children and as maintenance anaesthetic in adults. | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous General Anesthesia | [
"halothane"
] | 56,402 |
a577ab7b-9a6f-466d-9a82-3f9251fa3ca5 | Which among the following is not formed by kidney? | epogen | Renin | Vitamin D | Aldosterone | 3d
| single | Ans: d (Aldosterone) Ref: Ganong 22nd ed/ p.454)Kidney produces 3 hormones1) 1,25(OH) cholecalciferol (vitamin D)2) Renin3) ErythropoietinAldosterone: is produced by Zona Glomerulosa of adrenal cortex.Erythropoietin: by the interstitial cells in the peritubular capillaries in kidneys (85%) and perivenous hepatocytes of liver (15%).Renin: by the juxta glomerular cells of the kidney.Renin Angiotensin SystemAngiotensinogen (from liver) - found in alpha 2 globulin fraction of plasma Renin (from JG cells)Angiotensin I ACE (Angiotensin converting enz. from Pulm. endothelium)Angiotensin IIMetabolism of vitamin D | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids | [
"erythropoietin"
] | 56,405 |
d6976712-a822-4707-969f-d9724434b601 | Hallucination of worms crawling over the body occurs in: | Cocaine | oramorph | Cannabis | LSD | 0a
| multi | Ans: a (Cocaine) Ref: Reddy, 27th ed, p. 535Hallucination of worms crawling over the body occurs in cocaine poisoning - Magnan symptoms.Tactile hallucination -Delerium tremens.Amphetamine poisoning.Chronic cocaine poisoning.Atropine overdose.Lilliputian hallucination -Acute cocaine poisoning.Delirium tremens. | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology | [
"morphine"
] | 56,409 |
d0203507-a565-48dd-af29-890f9e1b9b3c | The antimicrobial agent which inhibits the ergosterol biosynthesis is - | proquin | Amphotericin B | 5-Fluorocytosine | griseofulvic | 1b
| single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Amphoterecin B o In this question most probably the question has been wrongly framed. o None of the drugs given in the question inhibits synthesis of ergosterol. o Anyway, the drugs having any action on ergosterol is Amphotericin B. | Pharmacology | null | [
"ciprofloxacin",
"griseofulvin"
] | 56,415 |
8e2cc24c-7b7d-47de-b773-055e39566f6d | Arrange the following drugs according to their half life in increasing order 1. cordarone 2. Adenosine 3. brevibloc 4. losec | 1-2-4-3 | 2-3-1-4 | 4-3-1-2 | 2-3-4-1 | 3d
| single | Amiodarone is longest acting anti-arhythmic drug. Its half life is more than 3 weeks. Adenosine is shoest acting anti-arrhythmic drug having half life less than 10 seconds. Esmolol is an ultra sho acting beta blocker. It is metabolized by pseudocholinesterase and thus has half life less than 5 minutes. Omeprazole has half life of 1-2 hours but works for 24 hours due to irreversible inhibition of proton pump. Thus, the sequence is Adenosine < Esmolol < Omeprazole < Amiodarone | Pharmacology | Hypeension, Arrhythmias, Dyslipidemia | [
"amiodarone",
"esmolol",
"omeprazole"
] | 56,417 |
61cd7a4e-7376-40ef-9044-20cec5af5408 | fosamax acts by | Inhibit osteoclast | Inhibit osteoblast | Inhibit both | None of these | 0a
| multi | (Refer: K. D. Tripathi's Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 6th edition, pg no:334)
Inhibit osteoclast | Unknown | null | [
"alendronate"
] | 56,423 |
8371d96f-87c1-4f25-8c83-ddef2624c05c | Which of the following is true regarding 5-HT derivatives: March 2009 | Cisapride is selective 5-HT4 antagonist | Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 agonist | periactin is 5-HT2A agonist | imitrex action is agonistically 5-HT 1B/1D receptor mediated | 3d
| multi | Ans. D: Sumatriptan action is agonistically 5-HT 113/1D receptor mediated Cisapride and renzapride are selective 5-HT4 agonists. Ondansetron is a selective 5-HT3 antagonist which inhibits vomiting by blocking these receptors in brainstem as well as in gut wall. Cyproheptadine is 5-HT2A antagonist and has additional H1 antihistaminic, anticholinergic and sedative propeies. Sumatriptan and other triptan are selective 5-HT 113/1D agonists, constricts cerebral blood vessels and has emerged as the most effective treatment of acute migraine attacks. | Pharmacology | null | [
"sumatriptan",
"cyproheptadine"
] | 56,430 |
19ad9221-dab8-4f5e-921c-08de1358b3ad | A 55-year-old man presents with gradually increasing shortness of breath and leg swelling over the past month. He has also noticed orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. He takes zocor for hypercholesterolemia and esidrix for hypertension. Blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg; there is mild jugular venous distension, soft bibasilar crackles, an S3 gallop, and minimal pedal edema. An echocardiogram shows left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 40% without segmental wall-motion abnormality. The patient desires to keep medications to a minimum What change in his management would you recommend at this time? | Add carospir | Add an ACE inhibitor and a beta-blocker | Add lanoxin | Add a calcium-channel blocker | 1b
| multi | There is very good evidence that ACE inhibitors should be used in patients with heart failure (HF) and a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. ACE inhibitors stabilize left, ventricular remodeling, improve symptoms, reduce hospitalization, and decrease mortality. Beta- blocker therapy represents a major advance in the treatment of patients with HF and depressed systolic function. These drugs interfere with the harmful effects of sustained activation of the adrenergic nervous system by competitively blocking beta-receptors. When given with ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers stabilize left ventricular remodeling, improve patient symptoms, reduce hospitalization, and decrease mortality. An aldosterone antagonist is recommended for patients with NYHA class III or IV symptoms who have a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 35% and who are still symptomatic despite receiving standard therapy with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Likewise, digoxin may improve symptoms and decrease hospitalization rates in patients with HF but has not been shown to prolong life. Neither of these drugs is indicated in this patient with mild symptoms. Furosemide is used to improve symptoms but does not prolong survival. Since this patient wants to minimize medications, an ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker are better first choices because they confer a survival advantage. An implantable defibrillator is indicated in systolic heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35% in order to prevent sudden cardiac death but is not indicated in this patient whose ejection fraction is 40%. | Medicine | C.V.S. | [
"digoxin",
"spironolactone",
"simvastatin",
"hydrochlorothiazide"
] | 56,445 |
a71c8a8e-5186-4e84-b283-87e3e0f7d893 | Treatment of choice for Luminal infection of E. histolytica | Tinidazole | flagyl | humatin | stromectol | 2c
| single | Amoebic dysentry or amebic liver abscess - Tinidazole and metronidazole.
Luminal infection - Paramomycin and Iodoquinol. | Microbiology | null | [
"metronidazole",
"ivermectin",
"paromomycin",
"luminal"
] | 56,458 |
8e7c25fb-54fb-4999-8d6d-48a431192008 | The following is the anesthetic of choice in status asthamaticus | Thiopentone | Althesin | ketalar | Barbiturate | 2c
| single | Ketamine | Anaesthesia | null | [
"ketamine"
] | 56,466 |
2cedb231-a155-4666-8a35-5bb9bb15a9af | The syndrome of geographic tongue should be treated by | Excision of the lesion | Penicillin therapy | Topical application of nilstat | Routine observation at recall time | 3d
| multi | null | Pathology | null | [
"nystatin"
] | 56,474 |
d1c5087f-183e-4c58-aa4d-1b82d4b6459f | Drug used for post-operative shivering ? | atropen | demerol | Thiopenone | quelicin | 1b
| multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pethidine Post-anaesthesia shivering (PAS) Post anaesthesia (post operative) shivering occurs in 40% of patients recovering from general anaesthesia. Some time it is preceded by central hypothermia and peripheral vasoconstriction, indicating that it is a thermoregulatory mechanism. Pethidine is most effective drug for treatment of PAS. Other drugs used are -clonidine, doxapram, ketanserin, alfentonil, butorphanol, chlorpromazine. | Anaesthesia | null | [
"suxamethonium",
"pethidine",
"atropine"
] | 56,475 |
3c0afc14-51d9-4b53-abd4-4ebc84af13ea | Potassium supplementation often is necessary for patients taking which drug? | carospir | dyrenium | lasix | Amiloride | 2c
| single | Spironolactone is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone and therefore, may cause hyperkalemia if administered concomitantly with potassium supplements. Likewise, the potassium-sparing diuretics triamterene and amiloride cause potassium retention. Furosemide promotes renal potassium excretion and often requires concomitant supplemental potassium administration. Ref: Reilly R.F., Jackson E.K. (2011). Chapter 25. Regulation of Renal Function and Vascular Volume. In L.L. Brunton, B.A. Chabner, B.C. Knollmann (Eds),Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e. | Pharmacology | null | [
"furosemide",
"spironolactone",
"triamterene"
] | 56,476 |
01a61937-4e59-4020-8794-3004c5e23e48 | Drug used to prolong the action of LA in Hypeensive pts | catapres | Felypressin | Dexmeditomidate | Noradrenalin | 1b
| single | Vasoconstrictor are used along with local anaestheticsAdrenaline is the most commonly used vasoconstrictor. Less commonly phenylephrine is also used. Felypressin (synthetic vasopressin) does not affect BP & HR - Preferred in patients with cardiovascular disease(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.270-271) | Anaesthesia | All India exam | [
"clonidine"
] | 56,480 |
a66063f7-5950-4154-b5a4-58e471a15cf1 | The erectile disorder in males is more specifically treated with which of the following agents ? | viagra | valium | prozac | Zolpidem | 0a
| multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sildenafil o Sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil are phosphodiesterase V inhibitors indicated for erectile dysfunction. | Pharmacology | null | [
"sildenafil",
"fluoxetine",
"diazepam"
] | 56,488 |
829d554a-475c-406e-9164-a167f4d410ee | Endoscope tube is sterilized by - | glutarol | Formalin | Autoclaving | Boiling | 0a
| single | Glutaraldehyde is especially effective against the tubercle bacilli, fungi, and viruses. It is less toxic and irritant to eyes and skin than formaldehyde. it has no deleterious effects on the cement or lenses of instruments such as cystoscope and bronchoscpe. It can be safely used to treat corrugated rubber, anesthetic tubes, face masks, plastic endotracheal tubes, metal instruments, and polythene tubings REF:Ananthanarayan and Panicker's Textbook ofMicrobiology 8thEdition pg no:36 | Microbiology | general microbiology | [
"glutaraldehyde"
] | 56,511 |
3696c929-35e4-445c-91d0-2a47bd424d33 | Which of the following is used to treat trexall toxicity : | Folic acid | Folinic acid | Riboflavin | Cyanocobalamine | 1b
| single | null | Pharmacology | null | [
"methotrexate"
] | 56,521 |
9b7f895c-66ee-4de5-a529-97ffb53db393 | Drugs that can be used for treatment of hypeension in a diabetic patient are Except | Losaan | capoten | Amilodipine | Hydrochlohiaxide | 3d
| multi | ACE inhibitor (captopril) and AT1 antagonists(losaan) First Choice antihypeensive drugs for diabetic patients Calcium channel blockers like amlodipine and Alpha blockers like Prisoner also safe in diabetics Thiazidess and diuretics should be avoided in diabetics | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system | [
"captopril"
] | 56,529 |
3ad0d5c5-ab36-4819-8a72-1ddfc29fcff5 | Which of following HMG CoA reductase inhibitor has longest half life? | lipitor | zocor | crestor | Pitavastatin | 2c
| single | Rosuvastatin - Longest acting Pitavastatin - most potent - Statins have maximum LDL lowering capacity. - Given at night because HMG CoA reductase is maximum active at night but Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin are long acting drugs, thus can be given any time of the day. - Statins can cause myopathy | Pharmacology | Hypeension, Arrhythmias, Dyslipidemia | [
"atorvastatin",
"rosuvastatin",
"simvastatin"
] | 56,530 |
ea553791-31c7-4052-b3a4-dc0f1eedb0c4 | Anesthectic agent with least minimum alveolar concentration (MAC): | Nitrous oxide | isoflo | suprane | Xenon | 1b
| single | Ans: (b) IsofluraneRef: Stoelting's Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice, 4th editionMAC (MINIMUM ALVEOLAR CONCENTRATION)MAC is the concentration of inhalational agent in alveoli at 1 atm that prevents skeletal muscle movement in response to a supra-maximal painful stimulus (surgical skin incision) in 50% of patients.It is used to measure potency of inhalational agentsMAC[?]1/PotencyPotency is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity.Lesser amounts of drug required to produce maximum effect is called as more potent drug.For inhalational anaesthetic agents potency are measured by MAC valueLesser the MAC more is the potency (MAC [?]1 /Potency)Inhalational agents order from maximum potent to minimum potentMeth oxyflurane>Trilene>Halothane>Chloroform>Isoflurane>Enflurane>Sevoflurane>Ether>Sevoflurane>Xenon>N2O*MAC of Common Inhalational Agents:Inhalational agentsMACMethoxyflurane0.16Trilene0.2Halothane0.75Chloroform0.8Isoflurane1.17Enflurane1.63Sevoflurane1.8Ether1.9Desflurane6.6Xenon71N20104Factor Affecting MAC:Increase of MACDecrease of MACNo Change of MAC*. Hyperthermia*. Hypernatremia (|Na)*. Sympathomimetic drugs*. Cyclosporine*. Excessive pheomelanin production (red hair)*. Hypothermia*. Increasing age (6% per decade)*. Alpha 2 agonist agents*. Acute alcohol ingestion*. Pregnancy and postpartum upto 72 hours*. Lithium*. Lidocaine*. Hyponatremia*. Ketanserine*. Adrenergic antagonist agents*. BP<40 mm Hg*. PaO<38 mm Hg*. Chronic alcohol abuse*. Gender*. Duration of anaesthesia*. PaCO 15 - 95 mm Hg*. PaO>38 mm Hg*. BP>40 mm Hg*. Hyper or Hypokalemia*. Thyroid dysfunction*. Anaesthetic metabolism | Anaesthesia | General Anesthesia | [
"isoflurane",
"desflurane"
] | 56,533 |
1fb0c8e6-be65-48ab-9d2d-24191ab7671f | A sexually active, long distance truck driver&;s wife comes with vaginal discharge. Under Syndromic Approach, which drug should be given? | flagyl, zithromax, diflucan | flagyl | zithromax | flagyl and diflucan | 0a
| multi | <p> Metronidazole,azythromycin,fluconazole. It is syndromic management of vaginal discharge for symptomatic paner. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:334. <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | [
"metronidazole",
"azithromycin",
"fluconazole"
] | 56,536 |
861c5fb1-4985-4255-ba23-dc69701301a0 | Which of the following is not monitored in a patient on trexall therapy | Liver function tests | Lung function test | Eye examnination | Hemogramz | 2c
| single | Methotrexate toxicities include. Myelosuprresion. Nephrotoxicity Hepatotoxicity Nuerotoxicity Photosentivity Pulmonary toxicity Refer CMDT 2010,1501 | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy | [
"methotrexate"
] | 56,552 |
8c143d16-cf1b-477a-b7a4-b223b901fe56 | Which of the following is being used in trauma patients to control bleeding | Traneximic acid | Haemocoagulase | Aprotinin | arixtra | 0a
| single | Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic drug that reduces the risk of moality from bleeding in both blunt and penetrating trauma. One gram is given intravenously over 10 minutes, followed by a fuher 1 g dose over 8 hours. Tranexamic acid should be given to all trauma patients suspected to have significant haemorrhage, including those with a systolic blood pressure of <110 mmHg or a pulse of over 110 per minute.It needs to be administered within 3 hours of injuryBailey and love 27e 324 | Surgery | Trauma | [
"fondaparinux"
] | 56,559 |
c7013ca3-5f53-4784-9b48-e094b6d8800e | Which of the following anti-metabolites act as an antifungal agent? | taxol | 5-ancobon (5 FC) | leukeran | Decarbazine | 1b
| single | ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS: CLASS IFICATION 1. Antibiotics A. Polyenes:AmphotericinB (AMB),Nystatin, Hamycin, Natamycin (Pimaricin) B. Heterocyclic benzofuran: Griseofulvin 2. Antimetabolite Flucytosine (5-FC) 3 Azofes A. lmidazoles (topical): Clotrimazole, Econazole, Miconazole, Oxiconazole (systemic): Ketoconazole B. Triazoles (systemic): Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole 4. Allylamine: Terbinafine 5. Other topical agents Tolnaftate, Undecylenic acid, Benzoic acid, Quiniodochlor, Ciclopirox olamine, Butenafine,sod thiosulfate ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D.TRIPATHI SIXTH EDITION PAGE NO:757 | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy | [
"flucytosine",
"paclitaxel",
"chlorambucil"
] | 56,586 |
b7e03865-100d-4d18-a0d5-c777177f7590 | The mydriatic drug with sho duration of action is | Cyclopentolate | tropicacyl | Homatropine | atropen | 1b
| single | Tropicamide, is a medication used to dilate the pupil and help with examination of the eye. Specifically it is used to help examine the back of the eye. It is applied as eye drops. Effects occur within 40 minutes and last for up to a day. | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | [
"atropine",
"tropicamide"
] | 56,612 |
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