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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 152-197 (26).mp3
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Observe the colour of the silver chloride after some time.
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You will see that white silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.
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This is Silver chloride turns grey due to the decomposition of silver chloride into silver and chlorine by in sunlight to form silver metal light.
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Silver bromide also behaves in the same way.
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Heating of lead nitrate and these fumes are of nitrogen dioxide.
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The above reactions are used in black and white photography.
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What form of energy is causing these decomposition reactions?
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We have seen that the decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat, light or electricity for breaking down the reactants.
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Reactions in which energy is absorbed are known as endothermic reactions.
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Carry out the following Activity.
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Take about 2 g barium hydroxide in a test tube.
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Add 1 g of ammonium chloride and mix with the help of a glass rod.
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Touch the bottom of the test tube with your palm.
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What do you feel?
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Is this an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
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The emission of nitrogen dioxide reaction that takes place.
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QUESTIONS ?
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A solution of a substance ‘X’ is used for white washing.
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Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula.
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Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ with water.
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Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes double of the amount collected in the other.
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Name this gas.
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Let us perform some more decomposition reactions
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Take a plastic mug.
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Drill two holes at its base and fit rubber stoppers in these holes.
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Insert carbon electrodes in these rubber stoppers.
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Connect these electrodes to a 6 volt battery.
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Displacement Reaction
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Take three iron nails and clean them by rubbing with sand paper.
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Iron nails and copper sulphate solutions compared before and after the experiment.
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Why does the iron nail become brownish in colour and the blue colour of copper sulphate solution fade?
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In this reaction, iron has displaced or removed another element, copper, from copper sulphate solution.
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This reaction is known as displacement reaction.
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Zinc and lead are more reactive elements than copper.
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They displace copper from its compounds.
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Double Displacement Reaction
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Take about 3 mL of sodium sulphate solution in a test tube.
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In another test tube, take about 3 mL of barium chloride solution.
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Mix the two solutions.
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Take two test tubes marked as (A) and (B).
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What do you observe?
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You will observe that a white substance, which is insoluble in water, is formed.
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This insoluble substance formed is known as a precipitate.
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Any reaction that produces a precipitate can be called a precipitation reaction.
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Formation of barium sulphate and sodium
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What causes this.
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The white precipitate of BaSO4 is formed by the 2+ reaction of SO2–4 and Ba .
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The other product formed is sodium chloride which remains in the solution.
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Such reactions in which there is an exchange of ions between the reactants are called double displacement reactions.
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Recall where you have mixed the solutions of lead nitrate and potassium iodide.
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In each test tube, take about 10 mL copper sulphate solution.
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What was the colour of the precipitate formed.
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Can you name the compound precipitated?
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Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
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Is this also a double displacement reaction?
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Oxidation and Reduction
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Heat a china dish containing about 1 g copper powder
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What do you observe?
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The surface of copper powder becomes coated with black copper oxide.
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 199-238 (38).mp3
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Why has this black substance formed?
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 199-238 (39).mp3
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This is because oxygen is added to copper and copper oxide is formed.
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 199-238 (4).mp3
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Tie two iron nails with a thread and immerse them carefully in the copper sulphate solution in test tube B for about 20 minutes
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 199-238 (40).mp3
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If hydrogen gas is passed over this heated material (CuO), the black coating on the surface turns brown as the reverse reaction takes place and copper is obtained.
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 199-238 (5).mp3
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Keep one iron nail aside for comparison.
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 199-238 (6).mp3
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After 20 minutes, take out the iron nails from the copper sulphate solution.
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 199-238 (7).mp3
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Compare the intensity of the blue colour of copper sulphate solutions in test tubes (A) and (B).
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 199-238 (8).mp3
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Also, compare the colour of the iron nails dipped in the copper sulphate solution.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 199-238 (9).mp3
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Iron nails dipped in copper sulphate solution with the one kept aside.
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (1).mp3
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If a substance gains oxygen during a reaction, it is said to be oxidised.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (10).mp3
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HAVE YOU OBSERVED THE EFFECTS OF OXIDATION REACTIONS IN EVERYDAY LIFE?
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (11).mp3
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Corrosion
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (12).mp3
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You must have observed that iron articles are shiny when new, but get coated with a reddish brown powder when left for some time.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (13).mp3
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This process is commonly known as rusting of iron.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (14).mp3
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Some other metals also get tarnished in this manner.
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (15).mp3
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Have you noticed the colour of the coating formed on copper and silver.
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (16).mp3
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When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids, etc., it is said to corrode and this process is called corrosion.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (17).mp3
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The black coating on silver and the green coating on copper are other examples of corrosion.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (18).mp3
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Corrosion causes damage to car bodies, bridges, iron railings, ships and to all objects made of metals, specially those of iron.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (19).mp3
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Corrosion of iron is a serious problem.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (2).mp3
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During this reaction the copper oxide is losing oxygen and is being reduced.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (20).mp3
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Every year an enormous amount of money is spent to replace damaged iron.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (21).mp3
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Rancidity
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (22).mp3
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Have you ever tasted or smelt the fat/oil containing food materials left for a long time?
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (23).mp3
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When fats and oils are oxidised, they become rancid and their smell and taste change.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (24).mp3
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Usually substances which prevent oxidation are added to foods containing fats and oil.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (25).mp3
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Keeping food in air tight containers helps to slow down oxidation.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (26).mp3
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Do you know that?
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (27).mp3
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Chips manufacturers usually flush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen to prevent the chips from getting oxidised ?
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (28).mp3
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Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it?
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (29).mp3
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What you have learnt?
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (3).mp3
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The hydrogen is gaining oxygen and is being oxidised.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (30).mp3
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A complete chemical equation represents the reactants, products and their physical states symbolically.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (31).mp3
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A chemical equation is balanced so that the numbers of atoms of each type involved in a chemical reaction are the same on the reactant and product sides of the equation.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (32).mp3
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Equations must always be balanced.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (4).mp3
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In other words, one reactant gets oxidised while the other gets reduced
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (5).mp3
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during a reaction.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (6).mp3
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Such reactions are called oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (7).mp3
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If a substance loses oxygen or gains hydrogen during a reaction, it is reduced.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (8).mp3
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Recall where a magnesium ribbon burns with a dazzling flame in air and changes into a white substance, magnesium oxide.
| 5.003 |
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/storage/hf-datasets-cache/all/datasets/90464960732238-config-parquet-and-info-Achitha-10th_science_tami-3da38f41/downloads/extracted/d9d4926c0124d2e04cd19b14dc563fffc63a20ec0a8fb643177acf601be9c5d5/train/chapter 1 239-270 (9).mp3
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Is magnesium being oxidised or reduced in this reaction?
| 5.003 |
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